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187
THE
AMERICAN TEAR-BOOK
AND
NATIONAL REGISTER
FOB
1869.
, (Sftnxatfonal, antr
A GENERAL VIEW
THE UNITED STATES,
INCLUDING EVERY DEPARTMENT OF
THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS:
TOGETHER WITH
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF FOREIGN STATES.
EMBRACING
EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS J FACTS RELATING TO PUBLIC
INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES; MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS;
IMPORTANT EVENTS; OBITUARIES; ETC.
EDITED BY DAVID N. CAMP.
VOL. I.
HARTFORD :
PUBLISHED BY 0. D. CASE & COMPANY.
1869.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869,
BY O. D. CASE & COMPANY,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of
Connecticut.
K»»uf»oture4 by
CASE, LOCKWOOD & BRAINARD,
Electrot jped by
LOCKWOOD Si MANDEVILLE,
PREFACE.
THIS work, the initial volume of a proposed annual publication, has been
prepared to meet an increasing demand for information respecting the affaire
of the General and State Governments, public institutions, finances, resources,
and trade of this country ; the political, financial, ancf social condition of
other countries ; and various other subjects relating to social and political
economy.
Unwearied pains has been taken to collect full and authentic informa
tion. By means of official documents, an examination of official records,
the aid of national and state officers, and an extensive private correspond
ence with persons in every state and territory in this country, and with
officers of government, and others, in foreign countries, a large amount of
matter has been collected, digested, and arranged in a form convenient for
reference and study.
PART I. or the Astronomical Department, has full calendar pages, embrac
ing the sun's rising and setting, moon's phases, length and increase of days,
and beginning and end of twilight for eight different parallels ; the different
eras corresponding with 1869 ; the Jewish and Mahommedan calendars, and
other important celestial phenomena. There is a full tide-table, and a table
of latitude and longitude and difference of time, for the most important
places in the world.
PART II. contains a full list of the principal officers of the General Gov
ernment, and of the different sessions of Congress from the first Congress to
the present time ; the Governors of the several States and Territories from
their organization ; the Members of the fortieth Congress, committees and
officers, and of the forty-first as far as elected ; an account of the different
departments of government, with the principal officers in each department ;
a full list of Ministers and Consuls to Foreign Countries, and of Foreign
Ministers and Consuls in the United States ; Collectors of Customs, Assessors
and Collectors of Internal Revenue, an account of the Coast Survey, Light-
House Board and Districts, with officers of each ; the Army and Navy, and
Army and Navy Lists, U. S. Military and Naval Academies, Military Div
isions, Districts and Departments ; Freedmen's Bureau ; Postal service, Postal
regulations, and rates of Domestic and Foreign postage ; Judiciary ; an
account of the Pension Office, Public Lands, and Patent Office ; the Depart
ment of Agriculture, and the Department of Education, lists of Colleges
and Collegiate Institutions, and Professional Schools ; Library of Congress ;
Smithsonian Institution ; U. S. Mint and officers ; proceedings of Congress,
4 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
laws passed at the 3d session of the 40th Congress, Impeachment trial, Re
construction, National Platforms, and miscellaneous tables and facts of inter
est. It also contains a brief historical notice of each state and territory, a
list of the executive and judicial officers, and an account of the finances,
debts, resources, educational and charitable institutions, population, and
industry of each.
PART III. contains an account of Foreign Countries, their area and pop
ulation, constitution and government, finances, army, navy, commerce, and
other important facts.
PART IV. gives a full account of the religious condition of the world, with
ecclesiastical statistics of different countries and denominations.
PART V. embraces miscellaneous essays on Agriculture, Currency and
Finance, Mining, and Literature, written by persons who have made these
subjects a study.
PART VI. contains full Presidential election returns for all the States from
1836 to 1868 ; a summary of the most important events for 1868, and obituary
notices of eminent persons who have died during the year.
It is believed that all classes will find facts of importance relating to the
general condition of the country and the world ; and statesmen, lawyers,
physicians, clergymen, teachers, students, politicians, merchants, importers,
manufacturers, and farmers, will find facts pertaining specifically to their
several professions or callings.
The accounts of Foreign Countries, the Ecclesiastical Statistics, the Sum
mary of Important Events, and the Obituary Notices, were prepared expressly
for this work by Prof. A. J. Schem, and the Election Returns by A. J. Cum-
rnings, both of New York.
The thanks of the editor are due to the Heads of Departments at Wash
ington, their assistants and clerks ; to members and officers of Congress who
have rendered special aid ; to the officers of the Freedmen's Bureau ; the
Director of the Mint ; the Secretary and Chief Clerk of the Smithsonian In
stitution ; the Librarian of Congress ; to Inspectors of Light House Districts
and of Steamboats ; to the Governors, Secretaries, Auditors, Treasurers, and
other executive officers of the several States ; to Superintendents of Public
Instruction, Presidents and Professors of Colleges and Professional Schools,
Superintendents and Directors of Charitable Institutions and Prisons, and to
many contributors and correspondents who have furnished valuable in
formation and made important suggestions.
No labor or expense has been spared to make the work accurate, and to
furnish the latest statistics that could be obtained. But in gathering such a
variety of information from so wide a field, condensing and arranging in
proper form so many facts, and transcribing a great number of names and a
multitude of figures, complete accuracy in all matters of detail can hardly
be hoped for ; and the editor and publishers will be thankful for information
relating to any errors or inaccuracies, however unimportant, that may be
discovered.
COSTTE^TS.
PREFACE.
Page.
PART I.
ASTRONOMICAL
Page. I
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT 9
Eras corresponding with 1869 9
Jewish Calendar for 1869 9
Mohammedan Calendar for 1869 10
Movable Church Days 10
Cycles of Time 10
The Four Seasons 10
The Rising and Setting of Mercury 10
Eclipses for 1869 11
Projection of the Lunar Eclipse of Jan. 27. 11
Annular Eclipse of the Sun 12
Total Eclipse of the Sun 13
Table of Eclipses 14
The Asteroids 14
Versed Sines of Illuminated Discs of Ve
nus and Mars 15
Phases of Venus— Direct Image 15
Evening Stars— Morning Stars 15
Epheme'ris of the principal Planets 16
Sun's Declination 18
Eclipses of Jupiter's Moons for 1869 18
DEPARTMENT.
Page.
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT—
Table showing Moon's place or Longitude. 19
Constellations and Signs of the Zodiac.. . 19
Occupation of Regulus and Aldebaran. . . 19
High Water at Boston 20
High Water at New York 20
High Water at Philadelphia 21
High Water at San Francisco 21
Calendar 22
Length and Increase of Days 22
Moon's Phases 23
Situation of the Planets 23
Beginning and End of Twilight 23
Planetary Conjunctions and other Phe
nomena 46
Saturn's Rings 46
Diameter, &c. of the Sun and Planets.. . . 47
Primary Planets and Asteroids 47
Tide Tables 48
Table of Sixty-one bright Stars 49
Table of Latitude aud'Lougitude 50
PART II.
THE UNITED STATES.
THE UNITED STATES 59
Historical Notice 59
Principal Officers of the Government from
the First Continental Congress to the
Present Time 60
Presidents 60
Vice Presidents 60
Secretaries of State 60
Secretaries of the Treasury 61
Secretaries of War 61
Secretaries of the Navy 61
Secretaries of the Interior 61
Postmasters General 62
Attorneys General 62
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court 62
Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. 62
Presidents pro tempore of the Senate 63
Speakers of the House of Representatives. 63
List of Congresses 63
Governors of States 64
Governors of Territories 69
Congress 70
Apportionment of Representatives 71
Fortieth Congress — 2d Session 71
Senators 71
Committees of the Senate 72
Officers of the Senate 73
House of Representatives 74
Delegates from Territories 76
Committees of the House 76
Officers of the House. . . . . 78
Page.
THE UNITED STATES—
Alphabetical List of Senators 78
Alphabetical List of Representatives 78
Executive Government 79
The Cabinet 80
Department of State 80
Intercourse with Foreign Nations 81
Chief Officers in the State Department. . . 81
Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers
Plenipotentiary 81
Secretaries of Legation 82
Assistant Secretaries of Legation 82
Ministers Resident 82
Consular Officers of the United States. . . 82
Diplomatic Corps 89
List of Foreign Consuls in the U. S 90
Treasury Department 95
Chief Officers in the Treasury Dept 96
Collectors of Customs 97
Assessors & Collectors of Internal Revenue 99
United States Coast Survey 104
Light-House Board 105
Light-House Districts and Officers 105
Supervising Inspectors of Steamboats. , .106
Army and Navy 106
War Department 107
Chief Officers in the War Department. . .108
U. S. Military Academy 108
Appointment and Admission of Cadets. .110
Army List Ill
Retired from Active Service 119
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
L18G9.
Page.
THE UNITED STATES—
Pay of the Army 121
Organization of the Regular Army 122
Armories and Arsenals 123
Military Divisions and Departments 124
Freedmen's Bureau 125
Navy Department 128
Chief Officers in the Navy Department. . .128
U. S. Naval Academy 129
Admission of Students 130
Navy List 132
Retired List 135
Marine Corps 136
Naval Constructors 136
Resignations, Deaths and Dismissals 136
List of Vessels of the Navy 136
Naval Force 138
Squadrons 139
Navy Yards and Shore Stations 140
Pay of the Navy 141
Attorney General's Office 146
Judiciary 146
Supreme Court of the United States 147
Circuit Courts 147
Court of Claims 147
Supreme Court of the Dist. of Columbia.. 147
Post Office Department 148
Chief Officers in Post Office Department. 149
Postal Conventions 150
Postal Service 151
Revenues & Expenditures from 1854-1868.. 154
Estimates for 1869 155
Appropriations for Special Service 155
Mail Service. Receipts and Expenditures. .155
Rates of Domestic Postage 157
Foreign Letters, &c 158
Printed Matter for Foreign Countries 158
Exchange offices for Foreign Mails 160
Table of Postages to Foreign Countries. .160
Department of the Interior 169
Chief Officers in the Interior Department. .169
Public Lands 170
Land Grants for Education 173
Grants for Internal Improvement 173
Private Land Claims 174
Pension Office 175
No. of Army pensioners in each State 177
Page.
THE UNITED STATES-
NO, of Navy pensioners in each State 178
Bureau of Indian Affairs , .179
Patent Office 181
Business of the Patent Office 182
Department of Agriculture 183
Temperature and" rain fall for each month.186
Average yield of principal crops 187
Average price of principal products 187
Average price of farm stock. Jan. 1868.. .188
Condition of crops, September, 1868 189
Department of Education 190
Colleges and Higher Seminaries 196
Theological Schools 204
Law Schools 208
Medical Schools 206
Normal Schools 210
Agricultural and Scientific Schools 212
Cost of education in principal cities 213
Library of Congress 214
Smithsonian Institution 216
United States Mint 218
Foreign gold and silver coins 221
Coins of the United States 222
National Societies 223
Proceedings of the 40th Congress 225
Impeachment Trial 2~5
Reconstruction 233
Finances 235
Duties on leading articles of commerce. .236
Receipts and Expenditures of the U. S.
Treasury for year ending June 30, 1868. .237
Sales of Merchandise 238
United States National Debt 22!)
United States Bonds 241
Legal Tender Notes 241
National Banks, National Bank Notes 242
Debts of the several States 245
Titles and abstracts of the public laws... .246
Public resolutions 254
Proclamations of the President 255
Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment... 257
Stamp Duties 259
Fortieth Congress 261
Forty-first Congress 262
National Platforms of 1868 265
State Governments 274
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Page.
ALABAMA — Government, Judiciary, Finan
ces, Education, Charitable and Penal Insti
tutions, Population, Wealth & Industry.. 275
ARKANSAS, Government, Judiciary, &c 281
CALIFORNIA, Government, Judiciary &c 285
CONNECTICUT, Government, Judiciary, &C..294
DELAWARE, Government, Judiciary, &c 303
FLORIDA, Government, Judiciary, Ac 306
GEORGIA, Government, Judiciary, &c 311
ILLINOIS, Government, Judiciary, &c 316
INDIANA, Government, Judiciary, &c 324
IOWA, Government, Judiciary, Finances, &C.330
KANSAS, Government, Judiciary, &c 338
KENTUCKY, Government, Judiciary, &c 342
LOUISIANA, Government, Judiciary, &c 346
MAINE, Government, Judiciary. &c 353
MARYLAND, Government, Judiciary, &c 358
MASSACHUSETTS, Government, Judiciary, &c364
MICHIGAN, Government, Judiciary, &c 376
MINNESOTA, Government, Judiciary, &c 382
MISSISSIPPI, Government, Judiciary, &c 387
MISSOURI, Government, Judiciary, &c 390
NEBRASKA, Government, Judiciary, &c 395
NEVADA, Government, Judiciary &c 398
NEW HAMPSHIRE, Government, &c 401
NEW JERSEY, Government, Judiciary, &c. .406
Pa?e.
NEW YORK, Government, Judiciary, &c 411
NORTH CAROLINA, Government. &c 421
OHIO, Government, Judiciary, Finances, &C.426
OREGON, Government, Judiciary, &c 433
PENNSYLVANIA, Government, Judiciary, &C.437
RHODE ISLAND, Government, Judiciary, &C.445
SOUTH CAROLINA, Government, &c 449
TENNESSEE, Government, Judiciary, &c 454
TEXAS, Government, Judiciary, &c 457
VERMONT, Government, Judiciary, &c 462
VIRGINIA, Government, Judiciary, &c 467
WEST VIRGINIA, Government, &c 471
WISCONSIN, Government, Judiciary, &c 476
ALASKA Territory, Government, &c 482
ARIZONA Territory, Government, &c 484
COLORADO Territory, Government, &c 486
DAKOTA Territory, Government, &c 489
IDAHO Territory, Government, &c 492
INDIAN Territory, Government, &c 496
MONTANA Territory, Government, £c 497
NEW MEXICO Territory, Government, &c. . .500
UTAH Territory, Government, &c 502
WASHINGTON Territory, Government, &c. . .504
WYOMING Territory, Government, &c 508
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Government, &c.. .510
NEW YORK CITY, Government, &c 516
1869.]
CONTENTS.
PART III.
FOREIGN STATES OF THE WORLD.
AMERICA.
Page.
FOREIGN STATES 523
AMERICA 523
INDEPENDENT AMERICAN STATES, 524
EUROPEAN POSSESSIONS 524
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC — Area, Population,
History, Government, Finances, Army and
Navy, Commerce 525
BOLIVIA, Area, Population, &c 525
BRAZIL, Area, Population, &c 525
CENTRAL AMERICA, Area, Population, &c... .526
GUATEMALA, Area, Population, &c 527
SAN SALVADOR, Area, Population, &c 527
HONDURAS, Area, Population, &c 527
NICARAUGUA, Area, Population, &c 527
COSTA RICA, Area, Population, &c 527
CHILI, Area, Population, &c 527
COLOMBIA, UNITED STATES OF, Area, &c — 528
ECUADOR, Area. Population, &c 529
HAYTI, Area. Population, &c 529
MEXICO, Area, Population, &c 530
PARAGUAY, Area, Population, &c 531
PERU, Area, Population, &c 532
SAN DOMINGO, Area, Population, &c 532
URUGUAY, Area, Population, &c 533
VENEZUELA, Area, Population, &c 533
BRITISH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &C.533
Dominion of Canada 534
Jamaica 536
DANISH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &C.536
DUTCH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &c. .537
FRENCH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &C.537
SPANISH POSSESSIONS. Area, Population, &C.537
Cuba 537
SWEDISH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &C.537
EUROPE.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF EUROPE 538
STATES OP EUROPE 539
AUSTRIA, Area, Population, History, Reign
ing Sovereign, Government, Ministry, Ed
ucation, Army and Navy, Commerce 540
BELGIUM, Area,' Population, &c 544
DENMARK, Area, Population, &c 545
FRANCE, Area, Population, &c 547
GERMANY, Area, Population, &c 553
NORTH GERMANY, Area, Population, &C..554
PRUSSIA, Area, Population, &c 555
SAXONY, Area, Population, &c 558
MECK.-SCHWERIN, Area, Pop., &c 559
OLDENBURG, Area, Population, &c 559
SAXE-WEIMAR, Area, Pop., &c 560
MECK.-STRELITZ, Area, Population, £c.560
BRUNSWICK, Area, Population, &c 561
ANHALT, Area, Population, &c 561
SAX E-MEININGEN, Area, Population, &C.561
SAXE-CoBURG-GoTHA, Area, Pop., &c.... 561
SAXE-ALTENBURG, Area, Pop., &c 562
LIPPE-DETMOLD, Area, Population, &C.562
REUSS, Area, Population, &c 562
SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT, Area, &c. .562
SCHWARZB'G-SoNDERSHAUSEN.Area,&C.563
WALDECK, Area, Population, &c 563
SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE, Area, Pop., &C...563
HAMBURG, Area, Population, &c 563
BREMEN, Area, Population, &c 564
LUBECK, Area, Population, &c 564
SOUTH GERMANY, Area, Population, &C..564
BAVARIA, Area, Population, &c 564
WURTEMBURG, Area, Population, &c, ..565
BADEN, Area, Population, &c 566
Page.
.567
..567
.567
.576
.577
.579
.579
.580
.581
.582
.584
.584
.584
.586
.586
.587
.588
.589
.591
.591
.591
EUROPE.
SOUTH GERMANY—
HESSE-DARMSTADT. Area, Pop., &c...
LIECHTENSTEIN, Area, Population, &c
GREAT BRITAIN, Area, Population, &c
GREECE, Area, Population, &c '.
ITALY, Area, Population, &c '.'.
LUXEMBURG, Area, Population, &c
NETHERLANDS, Area, Population, &c
PAPAL STATES, Area, Population, &c! '. '.
PORTUGAL, Area, Population, &c
RUSSIA, Area, Population, &c
FINLAND, Area, Population, &c
POLAND, Area, Population, &c
SPAIN, Area, Population, &c
SWEDEN AND NORWAY, Area, Pop., &c
SWEDEN, Area, Population, &c
NORWAY, Area, Population, &c
SWITZERLAND, Area, Population, &c
TURKEY, Area, Population, &c
Rumania
Servia
Montenegro
ASIA.
ANAM, Area, Population, Emperor, Divis
ions, Foreign Trade, Religion 592
ARABIA, Area, Population, &c 593
BRITISH INDIA, Area, Population, &c 593
BURMAH, Area, Population, &c 594
CEYLON, Area, Population, &c 595
CHINA, Area, Population, &c 595
JAPAN, Area, Population, &c 596
JAVA, Area, Population, &c 596
PERSIA, Area, Population, &c 597
SIAM, Area, Population, &c 597
TARTARY (Independent), Area, Pop., &c.. .597
AFRICA.
ABYSSINIA, Area, Population, Religion, His
tory, Rulers 598
ALGERIA, Area, Population, &c 599
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, Area, Population, &C.699
EGYPT, Area, Population, &c 599
LIBERIA, Area, Population, &c 600
MADAGASCAR, Area, Population, &c 600
NATAL, Area, Population, &c 600
AUSTRALASIA AND POLYNESIA.
AUSTRALASIA, Area, Population, &c 601
FEEJEE ISLANDS, Area, Population, &c 601
NEW SOUTH WALES, Area, Population, &C..601
NEW ZEALAND, Area, Population, &c 601
QUEENSLAND, Area, Population, &c 601
SANDWICH ISLANDS, Area, Population, &C..602
SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Area, Population, &C...602
TASMANIA, Area, Population, &c 602
VICTORIA, Area, Population, &c 602
WEST AUSTRALIA, Area, Population, &c. . .603
COMPARATIVE TABLES.
Large Divisions of the World 603
Political Divisions of the World 603
Arranged according to Area and Pop 603
Arranged in order of density of Pop 605
Arranged alphabetically > ... .606
Large Cities of the World 607
Containing more than 100,000 inhab 607
Containing less than 100,000 iuhab 608
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[18G9.
PART IV.
RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD.
Page.
RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OP THE WORLD ..... 609
Creeds of the World ........................ 609
General Statistics of Christianity .......... BIO
America, ................................. 611
Europe ................................... 611
Asia ...................................... 612
Africa ................................... 612
Australasia and Polynesia ................ 612
Roman Catholic Church .................... 612
The Pope ................................. 612
The Cardinals ............................ 612
Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops, Arch
bishoprics and Bishoprics in America . . .612
Europe ................................. 613
Asia ................................... 614
Africa .................................. 614
Australasia and Polynesia .............. 614
(Ecumenical Councils .................... 614
National and Provincial Councils ......... 614
Monastic Orders ............................ 615
The Oriental Churches ..................... 615
Greek Church ............................ 615
Armenian Church ........... ............. 615
Nestorians ............................... 615
Jacobites
Copts
The Protestant Churches
Divisions of Protestantism
615
615
616
616
The principal Protestant Denominations. . .616
The Anglican Church ....................... 616
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United
States .................................. 616
Other Anglican Churches ................ 617
The Baptists ............................... 617
Regular Baptists in America ............. 617
Free Will Baptists in the United States
and British America ................... 617
Other Baptist Denominations in America. .617
Baptists in Great Britain ................. 618
Page.
Baptists on the Continent of Europe 618
Baptists in Asia and Australia 618
Congregationalists 618
America 618
England and the English Colonies 618
The Friends 618
Lutherans in the United States 618
Europe 619
Asia, Africa and Polynesia 619
The Methodist Episcopal Church in the
United States 619
Methodist Episcopal Church South 620
The African Methodist Episcopal Church
and the African Methodist Episcopal
Zion Church 620
The Methodist Church and Methodist
Protestants 620
Other Methodist Bodies in the United
States 620
Other parts of America 620
The Methodist Denominations in Europe. 621
Moravians 621
New Jerusalem Church~"Swedenborgiaus". 621
Presbyterians 621
Old School in the United States 621
New School in the United States 621
United Presbyterians in the United States. 621
The (Southern) Presbyterian Church 622
The Cumberland Presbyterians 622
The Reformed Presbyterians 622
Presbyterians in Great Britain and the
British Colonies 622
Reformed Churches in the United States . .622
Europe and Africa 622
Unitarians in the United States 622
Europe 622
United Brethren in Christ 622
United Evangelical Church 622
Uuiversalists in the United States
..622
Progress of Agriculture —
Currency and Finance
PART V.
MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.
Page. I
623 Mining ,
...632 Literature...
Page.
...643
...660
PART VI.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RETURNS.— RECORD OP IMPORTANT EVENTS.— OBITUARIES.
California
...668
Tennessee . . .
Page.
. .712
Maine
670
Missouri . .
716
. 670
Mississippi .
720
670
Louisiana
..722
..724
..726
728
672
Michigan
Alabama ....
672
674
Arkansas
674
Texas
..730
782
676
Oregon
New York
678
Kansas
.."('32
Virginia
..680
Nebraska
..733
734
684
Minnesota
686
Florida
735
688
Nevada
Illinois
...692
West Virginia
.736
737
696
South Carolina... .
Ohio
698
Presidential Vote by States
State Legislatures. Politically Classified .
Population of the United States, 1790-186
Record of Important Events
..737
..738
0..738
. .739
. .773
Indiana
...700
704
. . . 706
Kentucky...
708
Obituaries
PAET I.
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT,
COMPUTED EXPRESSLY FOB THIS WORK,
BY SAMUEL H. WRIGHT, A. M., M. D., PENN-YAN, N. Y.
ERAS CORRESPONDING WITH 1869.
The year 1869 constitutes the
93d of the Independence of the United States, until July 4th.
1873d of the birth of Christ, our present Era having begun 4 years after His birth.
1238th of the Persian Era, which began June 19th, N. 8., 632 A. D.
1286th of the Hegira, and begins April 18th, 1869.
1317th of the Armenian Ecclesiastical Year.
1585th of the Era of Diocletian, or Era of Martyrs.
19O7th of the Spanish Era, or Era of the Caesars.
1914th of the Julian Era, or since the reformation of the Calendar of Numa Pompilius.
2181st of the Grecian Era of the Seleucides.
2616th of the Babylonish Era of Nabonassar, which began Feb. 26th, 3967, J. P
2622d of the old Roman Era, A. U. C., according to Varro.
2645th of the Olympiads of Greece, or the 1st year of the 662d Olympiad, beginning in July.
3884th of the Era of Abraham, used by Eusebius.
4217th of the Deluge, according to Usher, and the English Bible.
4971st of the Cali Yuga, or Hindoo, and Indian Era.
45O6th of the Chinese Calendar, beginning Feb. llth, 1869, and the 6th in a cycle of 60 years.
5629th of the Creation, according to the Minor Era of the Jews. It ends September 5th.
6228th of the Greater Rabbinical Era of the Jews.
8O97th of the World, according to Eusebius.
5813th of the World, according to Scaliger.
5873d of the World, according to Usher and the English Bible.
7361st of the World, according to the Antiochian and Abyssinian Eras.
7371st of the World, according to the Alexandrian Era.
7377-78th of the Era of Constantinople, used by the Byzantine historians.
This last is the same as the Septuagint version of the Bible, and it is the most reliable
authority known. It dates the creation on the 1st of the Jewish month Tisri, 5508 B. C., or
7377 years ago. There are about a hundred and forty eras respecting the age of the world,
some claiming it to be millions of years old, but without authentic written records.
JEWISH CALENDAR FOR 1869.
The Jewish year 5629, of 12 months, or 355 days and 51 Jewish Sabbaths, (Saturdays), began
Sept. 17th, 1868, and ends Sept. 5th, 1869. The year 5630, of 13 months, is an embolismic year,
aud the 6th of the CCXCVIIth cycle, containing 385 days, and 55 Jewish Sabbaths, beginning
Sept. 6th, 1869, and ending Sept. 25th, 1870.
MONTH.
BEGINS.
LENGTH.
MONTH.
BEGINS.
LENGTH.
5 Sebat
6 Adar
7 Nisan ... .
January 13
February 12
March 13
30 Days.
29 Days.
30 Da vs.
11 Ab . . .
12 Elul
1 Tisri (5630)
July 9
August 8
September 6
30 Days.
29 Days.
30 Days.
8 Ijar
9 Si van
April 12
May 11
29 Days.
30 Davs
2 Marchesvan
3 Chisleu
October 6
November 5
30 Days.
30 Davs.
10 Tammuz
June 10
29 Days.
4 Thebet
December 5
29 Days.
10
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
MOHAMMEDAN CALENDAR FOR 1869.
The year 1285, of 364 days, began April 24th, 1868, and ends April 12th, 1869. The year 1286,
of 355 days, begins April 13th, 1869, and ends April 2d, 1870.
MONTH.
BEGINS.
LENGTH.
MONTH.
BEGINS.
LENGTH.
10 Schewall
11 Dsu'l Kadah.
12 Dsu1! Rcjjah.
1 Muharrem .. .
January 15
February 13
March 15
April 13
29 Days.
30 Days.
29 Days.
30 Days.
4 Rabia II ....
5 Jomadhi I. . .
6 Jomadhi II. .
7Rejeb
July 11
August 9
September 8
October 7
29 Days.
30 Days.
29 Days.
30 Days.
2 Saphar
3 Rabia I
May 13
June 11
29 Days.
30 Days.
8 Shaban
9 Ramadan . . .
November 6
December 5
29 Days.
30 Days.
MOVABLE CHURCH DAYS.
Septuagesima Sunday Jan. 24.
Sexagesima Sunday Jan. 31.
Quinquagesima Sunday Feb. 7.
Ash Wednesday Feb. 10.
Quadragesima Sunday (1st of Lent). Feb. 14.
Ember Day Feb. 17.
Mid-Lent Sunday March 7.
Palm Sunday March 21.
Good Friday March 26.
EASTEU SUNDAY March 28.
Low Sunday April 4.
Rogation Sunday May 2.
Ascension Day May 6.
Whit Sunday (Pentecost) May 16.
Ember Day May 19.
Trinity Sunday May 23.
Corpus Christi May 27.
Middle of the Year July 2.
Ember Day Sept. 15.
Advent Sunday Nov. 28.
Dominical Letter C.
Epact ( D 's age, Jan. 0) 17.
Solar Cycle 2.
CYCLES OF TIME.
Golden Number 8.
Roman Indiction 12.
Jewish Lunar Cycle 5.
Dionysian Period 198.
Julian Period 6582.
Number of Direction 7.
THE FOUR SEASONS, OR NATURAL DIVISIONS OF THE YEAR.
WASHINGTON.
SAN FRANCISCO.
Winter Begins, 1868
Spring Begins, 1869
...Dec. 21
...March 20
7' 20 Mo.
8 16 Mo.
4 19 Mo.
5 15 Mo.
and lasts
and lasts
..89 H6 56
92 20 34
Summer Begins, 1869. . .
Autumn Begins, 1869. . .
Winter Begins, 1869
. . .June 21
...Sept. 22
...Dec. 21
4 50 Mo.
7 12 Ev.
1 8 Ev.
1 49 Mo.
4 11 Ev.
10 7 Mo.
and lasts
and lasts
Tropical Y'r.
..93 14 22
..89 17 56
.365 5 48
THE RISING AND SETTING OF MERCURY,
when near its greatest elongation from the Sun, for Washington. At the times given below, it
will probably be visible.
MERCURY SETS, EVENING.
MERCURY RISES, MORNING.
Jan.
V sets.
May.
« sets.
Sept.
5 sets.
March.
S rises.
July.
S rises.
Nov.
5 rises.
R. M.
4 59
5 0
5 2
5 4
5 5
30
31
Feb. 1
2
3
8 "3
8 2
8 1
7 58
7 56
24
25
26
27
28
9 *4
9 6
9 6
9 7
9 7
20
21
22
23
24
B. M.
6 48
6 46
6 44
6 43
6 41
19
20
21
22
23
wotcnorm?
WOT 05 05 05?
17
18
19
20
21
3 26
3 26
3 26
3 27
3 27
5
6
7
8
9
Mercury is brightest when at an elongation of about 22° 19', which occurs about three clays
before its greatest elongation east, and three days after its greatest elongation west, and is
always between the greatest elongation and superior conjunction. Venus is brightest between
inferior conjunction and greatest elongation, and when its elongation is about 39° 44/.
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
11
ECLIPSES FOR 1869.
There will be four Eclipses this year, two of the Sun and two of the
Moon, as follows :
I. A partial eclipse of the Moon, January 27th, in the evening, visible.
Size, 0.458 of the diameter, or 5.496 digits, on the northern limb. See table
of Lunar Eclipse, page 14, for the time.
The first contact occurs at a point 50° from the north point towards the east, and the last
contact 31° from the north point towards the west. The north point of the .Moon is determined
by an imaginary line drawn from the Moon's centre toward the north pole, or North Star, and
not toward the north point of the horizon. When the M9on is at A the Eclipse is largest and
on the northern limb.
PROJECTION OF THE LUNAR ECLIPSE OF JANUARY 27TH.
IT. An annular eclipse of the Sun, February llth, invisible in North
America. Visible in the southern part of South America, south of 20° lati
tude, and in the southern part of Africa.
This Eclipse will be partial in the lower part of South America, and Southern Africa. The
line of the Central Eclipse travels in the Ocean, and ends on the coast of Madagascar. The
Eclipse begins in Lat. 35° 39' S., Lou. 3° 12.3' W., and ends in Lat. 9° 47.4' S., Lon. 256° 27.3' W.
12 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The central phase begins in Lat. 50" 8.8' S., Lon. 29° 55.3' W., and ends in Lat. 24° 41.3' S., Lon.
232° 39. 7' W. of Washington. It occurs at noon, in Lat. 54° 6.5' S., and in Lon. 301° 32' W. of
Washington.
THE ANNULAR ECLIPSE OP THE SUN FEBRUARY HTH.
III. A partial eclipse of the Moon, July 23d, invisible in America. Visi
ble in Eastern Asia and Australia. Size, 0.506 of the diameter, or 6.792
digits on the southern limb.
IV. A TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN, August 7th, in the afternoon, visible
either as a total, or a large partial eclipse, throughout Eastern Asia, and
all of North America, and the West Indies. This will be the most inter
esting eclipse that has occurred, or will occur, in the United States for
many years.
The orlipfie first begins on the Earth at sun-rise in the Pacific Ocean, east of Japan, in Lat.
36° 53.3' N., Lon. 138° 37.4' W. of Washington. It becomes total first upon the Earth, in
Siberia, at sun-rise, in Lat. 52° 41.9' N., Lon. 165° 26.4' W. of Washington. The eclipse is
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
18
total at noon in Alaska, Lat. 61° 46.9' N., Lon. 68° 4.6/ West. The line of the total eclipse
now runs south-easterly, grazing the coast near Sitka, thence running off into British America,
and entering the United States near the origin of Milk River, Lon. 30° W. Thence through
the South-west corner of Minnesota, and diagonally through Iowa, crossing the Mississippi
River near Burlington, Iowa ; thence through Illinois, just north of Springfield, and crossing
the Ohio River near Louisville, Ky. Thence through the south-west corner of West Virginia,
and through North Carolina, just south of Raleigh, and thence to Newbern, and entering the
Atlantic, just north of Beaufort, N. C., and ending at sun-set, in the ocean, in Lat. 31° lo.a'
N., and Lon. 9° 36.V East.
THE GREAT SOLAR ECLIPSE OF AUGUST 7TH.
In all the dark part of the engraving the Eclipse will be visible and partial, except along the
heavy black line, where it will be total.
Along the line described above, the eclipse will be total, and at all other places in the United
States it will be partial. The partial eclipse ends on the Earth at sun-set, in Lat. 14° 48> 54" N.,
Lon. 13° KX W., being near the City of Guatemala. Along the Atlantic coast in the United
States, the eclipse ends at about sun-set. For the times of the phases of this eclipse, see the
following table. For its general outline, see the engraring.
This eclipse occurred last in 1851, July 28th, and the total phase was visible iu the arctic
regions of America, and in Sweden, Norway and Russia.
14
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
TABLE OF ECLIPSES VISIBLE IN NORTH AMERICA.
TABLE OP LUNAR ECLIPSE, JANUARY 27TH.
TABLE OF SOLAR ECLIPSE, AUGUST 7TH.
PLACES.
Beginning.
Evening.
Middle.
Evening.
End.
Evening.
Beginning.
Afternoon.
Middle.
Afternoon.
End.
Afternoon.
Size.
Digits.
Limb.
New York
7 32
7 28
7 22
7 44
6 28
6 51
6 27
6 38
7 13
7 31
6 46
7 33
7 20
Invis.
7 42
7 8
7 17
6 56
6 35
7 0
7 8
7 36
7 18
7 43
6 35
7 38
7 23
7 47
7 27
7 4
7 25
6 44
7 30
6 41
7 22
7 52
6 25
7 1
6 16
7 43
7 34
7 13
7 11
6 59
6 20
Invis.
8 42
8 38
8 32
8 54
7 38
8 1
7 37
7 48
8 23
8 41
7 56
8 43
8 30
5 28
8 52
8 18
8 27
8 6
7 45
8 10
8 18
8 46
8 28
8 53
7 45
8 48
8 33
8 57
8 37
8 14
8 35
7 54
8 40
7 51
8 32
9 2
7 35
8 11
7 26
8 53
8 44
8 23
8 21
8 9
7 30
5 28
9 52
9 48
9 42
10 4
8 48
9 11
8 47
8 58
9 33
9 51
9 6
9 53
9 40
6 38
10 2
9 28
9 37
9 16
8 55
9 20
9 28
9 56
9 38
10 3
8 55
9 58
9 43
10 7
9 47
9 24
9 45
9 4
9 50
9 1
9 42
10 12
8 45
9 21
8 36
10 3
9 54
9 33
9 31
9 19
8 40
6 38
5 12
5 8
5 3
5 24
4 24
4 30
4 5
4 7
4 49
5 11
4 26
5 12
b 2
1 26
5 21
4 47
4 49
4 31
4 1
4 34
5 0
5 16
5 1
5 21
4 32
5 17
4 58
5 2(5
5 2
4 57
5 6
4 21
5 9
4 23
4 55
5 31
3 50
5 23
3 36
5 18
5 9
4 58
4 43
5 !>
4 1
1 11
G 11
6 0
5 58
6 18
5 19
5 23
5 4
5 7
5 44
6 5
5 24
6 4
5 57
2 32
6 16
5 41
5 46
5 28
5 2
5 30
5 54
6 13
5 56
6 17
5 2(5
6 14
5 53
6 21
5 56
5 52
5 5!)
5 18
6 2
5 22
5 50
6 23
4 52
6 7
4 36
6 9
6 1
5 55
5 40
6 10
5 1
2 20
Sun-set
6 53
6 53
Sun-set
6 13
6 25
6 3
6 6
6 39
6 58
6 22
6 55
6 52
3 38
Sun-set
6 35
6 42
6 26
6 2
6 26
6 48
Sun-set
6 51
Sun-set
6 20
Sun-set
6 47
Sun-set
6 50
6 46
6 51
6 14
6 54
6 21
6 45
Sun-set
5 53
Sun-set
5 3(5
6 59
6 54
6 51
6 36
Invis.
6 1
3 28
10
10*
m
9
111
Hi
lli
10
10
12
91
11
6*
9i
10|
9f
10J
11
I0f
11
9i
IH
8£
9*
9*
n
8i
9*
lot
10i
11*
10i
Hi
9*
.3
11
lu
84-
H*
9f
8
10}
8*
S.
s.
S.
s.
N.
S.
N.
S.
S.
S.
s.
s.
N.
S.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s
N.
S.
s.
s.
N.
S.
s.
s.
s.
N.
S.
s.
s.
N.
S.
s.
s.
N.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
N.
N.
N.
Philadelphia
Baltimore
Boston
New Orleans
Cincinnati
St. Louis.
Chicago
Buftalo
Newark, N. J
Louisville Ky
Albany, N. Y
Washington
San Francisco
Providence
Pittsburg
Rochester..
Detroit
Milwaukee
Cleveland
Charleston
New Haven
Richmond.
Lowell
Mobile
Hartford
Syracuse
Portland, Me
Utica
Savannah
Wilmington, Del
Indianapolis
Trenton
Nashville
Oswego
Ban go r Me .
Dubuque
Augusta, Ga..
St Paul Minn
Quebec
Montreal
Raleigh
Toronto
Havana, Cuba
Little Rock
Portland, Oregon
THE ASTEROIDS,
About one hundred little planets called Asteroids, have been discovered, whose orbits are
between Mars and Jupiter. Every year new discoveries are made among them, and soon the
number will doubtless be many more. Some of them are so exceedingly small, that it might
seem inappropriate to call them jrtanets or worlds. But any solid body having an whit, if it be
no larger than a cannon-ball, is entitled to rank as a world. A vast number of these may exist
between Mars and Jupiter, which will never be discovered because of their littleness. Indeed,
this may be said of all the inter-orbital spaces in the solar system. Asteroidal bodies appear to
be revolving around the Sun, in orbits not far from that of the Earth. Others, also, revolve
around the Earth like the Moon, attending our planet as invisible satellites. The Aerolitis, or
falling masses of stones, are really Asteroids, whose orbits cross the Earth's track, or else wind
spirally inward, as a consequence of the Earth's superior attraction. When one of these bodies
and the Earth approach each other, at the intersection of their orbits, the former must strike
upon the Earth, representing a miniature collision of worlds.
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
15
VERSED SIXES OF THE ILLUMINATED Discs OF VENUS AND MARS.
MONTHS.
VENUS.
Radius— .500
MARS.
Radius=.500
MONTHS.
VENUS.
Radius— .600
MA US.
Radius. 500
January 15
February 15
March 15
April 15
May 15
June 15
0.886
0.938
0.972
0.994
0.999
0.984
0.964
0.999
0.962
0.913
0.897
0.895
July 15...
August 15...
September 15.. .
October 15...
November 15...
December 15...
0.948
0.891
0.818
0.734
0.628
0.495
0.907
0.924
0.943
0.959
0.974
0.980
Venus will exhibit a gibbous phase, until December 13th, except about the 9th of May, when
it is Full, or a perfect circle. At its greatest elongation, December 13th, it shows half its diam
eter, and after that it becomes a crescent. Mars is always gibbous, except when Full, being
least at the quadratures.
PHASES OF VENUS. — DIRECT IMAGE.
The disc of Venus will be nearly circular, and not of much interest, until October. It be
comes a crescent after the 13th of December.
EVENING STARS.
Venus, from May 9th to the end of the year.
Mars, all the year.
Jupiter, until April 17th, and after Aug. 12th.
Saturn, from March 7th to Dec. llth.
MORNING STARS.
Venus, until May 9th.
Jupiter, from April 17th to Aug. 12th.
Saturn, until March 7th.
Mercury, March 21st, July 19th, and Nov. 7th.
NOTB. — The exterior planets are regarded as Evening Stars from their western quadrature
to conjunction with the Sun, and as Morning Stars from conjunction to- western quadrature,
rising in the latter case between midnight and sunrise. The interior planets are Evening Stars
from superior conjunction to their inferior conjunction, and then Morning Stars to superior
conjunction. Venus does not reach the inferior conjunction this year, but it runs rapidly to it
after its greatest elongation east, Dec. 13th, being about this time very beautiful.
10
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
EPHEMERIS OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS,
phowing their Declination at transit, and time of transit, over the Meridian of Washington,
and their rising arid setting at night for the latitude of Washington. The rising of Uranus
may be found very nearly by subtracting 7h. 19m. from its meridian passage, and its setting
by adding 7h. 19m.
DAT or
? VENUS.
$ MARS.
2f JUPITER.
*f SATURN.
•Jfl URANUS.
MOUTH.
Deo'l.
In
Merid.
Rises.
Deo'l.
In
Merid.
Rises.
Dec'l.
In
Merid.
Sets.
Deo>1- i Merid.
Rises.
Dec'l.
Merid.
South.
Morn.
Morn.
North.
Morn.
Even.
North.
Even.
Even.
South.
Morn.
Morn.
North.
Morn.
» /
H. M.
H. M.
0 /
H. M.
H. M.
• /
H. M.!H. M.
•> /
H. M.
H. M. • ' ill. M.
Jan. 1
20 38
9 50
5 O1
13 0 3 47 9 1
1 17 5 38 11 43
20 41 9 58 5 8 22 59J 0 24
4
21 14
9 54
5 7 13 5 3 36
8 50
1 25 5 28 11 83 ! 20 43 9 47
4 57! 23 0 0 11
" 7
21 451 9 58
5 13! |13 12
3 24
8 38
1 .35 5 17 11 23 |20 45 9 37
4 47 23 1 £ve».
" 10
2& 10
10 2
5 18
13 22
3 12
8 26
1 45
5 7.11 14
20 48 9 26
4 36
23 1 11 43
" 13
2-2 2!)
10 7
5 25
13 34
2 59
8 11
1 55
4 57 H 4
20 50
9 16
4 26 23 3!11 31
" 16
2-2 42
10 11
5 30 13 49
2 46
7 58
2 6
4 46 10 53
20 52
9 5
4 16 23 3 11 18
" 19
22 49
10 15
5 34
14 6
2 32
7 43
2 17
4 36 10 44 j
20 54
855
4 6
23 4 11 6
" 22
22 50
10 20
5 39
14 25
2 18
7 27
2 29
4 26 10 35 !
20 56
8 44
3 55
23 5 10 54
" 25
22 44
10 24
5 43!
14 46
2 4
7 12
2 41
4 16:10 26 1
20 57
8 33
3 44
23 6 10 41
" 28
22 33 10 28
5 47
15 9
1 49
6 56
254
4 e!io 16
20 59 8 23
3 34
23 7;iO 29
Feb. 1
22 7
10 33
5 49!
15 41
1 28
6 33
3 11
3 53!lO 4
21 1
8 8
3 19
23 8 10 13
1 4
21 42
10 38
5 53!
16 6
1 12
6 19
3 24
3 43 9 55
21 2
7 57
3 8 23 8ilO 0
7
21 10!lO 42
5 54:
16 32
0 56
5 58
3 38
3 38 1 9 46
21 3
7 47
2 58
23 9
9 48
' 10
20 32
10 46
5 56 !
16 57
0 40
5 40
3 52
3 24
9 37
21 4
7 36
2 47 | 23 9
9 36
' 13
19 49
10 50
5 58
17 22
0 23
5 21
4 6
3 14
9 28
21 5
7 25
2 36 23 10
9 24
' 16
19 1
10 54
5 58 |
17 45
0 7
5 3
4 21
3 5
9 20 i
21 6
7 14
2 25 ! 23 10
9 12
u 19
18 8
10 57
5 58
18 14 Even.
Sets.
4 36
2 55
9 10
21 7
7 3
2 14
23 11
9 0
" 22 17 10
11 0
5 58 i
18 33 11 29
Morn.
4 51
2 46
9 8
21 8
6 52
2 3
23 11
8 47
" 25 16 8
11 4
5 58|
18 50 11 18
6 20
5 6
2 36
8 53
21 8| 6 40
1 51 | 23 12
8 35
" 28 15 2
11 7
5 57!
19 4 10 57
6 5
5 21
2 27
8 45
21 9 6 29
1 40 j 23 12
8 23
March 1 14 39
11 7
5 57
19 9ilO 52
6 0
5 26
2 24
8 42
21 9 6 25
1 36 ! ! 23 12
8 19
4 13 27
11 10
5 55
19 20 '10 36
5 45
5 42
2 14
8 33
21 9
6 14
1 95 23 12
8 7
7
12 13
11 13
5 53)
19 28
10 21
5 31
5 57
2 5
8 25
21 10
6 3
1 14 23 13
7 55
" 10
10 56
11 15
551!
19 34
10 7
5 17
6 13
1 56
817
21 10
5 51
1 2
23 13
7 43
" 13
9 35
11 18
5 49!
19 37
9 53
5 3
6 29
1 46
8 8
21 10
540
0 51
23 13
7 31
" 16
8 13
11 20
5 47!
19 38
9 39
4 49
6 45
1 37
8 0
21 10
5 28
0 39
23 13
7 20
" 19
6 49
11 22
5 44;
19 37
9 26
4 36
7 1
1 28
7 51
21 10
5 17
0 28
23 13
7 8
" 22
5 23
11 24
5 41 j
19 34
9 13
4 23
7 17
1 19
7 43
21 10
5 5
0 16
23 13
6 56
»' 25
3 55
11 26
5 39
19 28
9 1
4 11
7 33
1 10
7 35
21 9
4 53
0 4
23 13
6 44
" 28
2 27
11 28
5 36
19 21
849
3 58
7 49
1 0
7 26
21 9
4 42
Even.
23 13
6 33
April 1
0 28
11 29
5 31 !
19 8
8 34
3 42
8 10
0 48
7 15
21 9
4 26
11 33
23 12
6 17
4
N.61
11 32
5 29
18 56
8 23
3 30
8 26
0 39
7 7j
21 8
4 14
11 21
23 12
6 5
" 7
2 31
11 34
5 26
18 43
8 13
3 19
8 42
0 30
6 59 I
21 8
4 2
11 9
1 23 12
5 54
" 10
4 0
11 35
5 22
18 28
8 3
3 9
8 58
0 21
6 51;
21 7
3 50 10 57
23 11
5 42
" 13
5 28
11 37
5 19
18 12
753
2 57
9 14
0 12
6 43
21 6
3 38 10 45
23 11
5 31
" 16
6 55 11 39
5 16
1754
7 44
2 48
9 29
0 3
6 35
21 5
3 25 10 32
23 11
5 19
" 19
8 21
11 41
5 14
17 35
7 35
2 37
9 45
Morn.
Rises.
21 5
3 13
10 20
23 10
5 8
" 22
9 46
11 43
5 11
17 14
7 26
2 27
10 0
11 45
Morn. 1
21 4
3 1
10 8
123 10
4 56
. " 25
11 8.11 45
5 9
16 53
7 17
2 17
10 16
11 35
5 1
21 3
2 48
9 55
23 9
445
" 28
1228
11 48
5 7
16 30
7 9
2 7
10 31
11 26
4 51!
21 2
2 36
9 43
23 8
4 33
May 1
18 45:11 50
5 4
16 6
7 1
1 58
10 46
11 17
4 41!
21 0
2 24
9 31
23 8
4 22
4
14 59
11 53
5 8
15 41
6 53
1 48
11 1
11 8
4 31
20 59
2 11
9 18
23 7
4 11
" 7
16 10
11 55
5 11
15 15
6 45
1 38
11 15
10 59
4 21
20 58
1 59
9 6
23 6
3 59
" 10
17 17
11 58
5 0|
14 48
6 37
1 29
11 30
10 50
4 11
20 57
1 46
8 53 |
23 5
3 48
" 13
18 20
Even.
Sets, i
14 19
6 30
1 20
11 44
10 41
4 1
20 56
1 33
8 40
23 5
3 37
" 16
19 19
0 5
Even.
13 50
6 23
1 11
11 58 10 32
3 52
20 54
1 21
8 28
23 4
3 26
" 19
20 13
0 8
717,
13 20
6 16
1 2
12 12 10 23
3 42
20 53
1 8
8 15
23 3
3 14
" 22
21 3
0 12
7 24
12 48
6 9
0 54
12 25
10 13
3 31
20 52
0 55
8 2
23 2
3 3
" 25
21 47
0 15
7 30
12 16
6 2
0 45
12 39
10 4
3 22
20 50
0 43
7 50
23 1
2 52
." 28
22 25
0 19
7 371
11 43
5 55
0 36
12 52 9 55
3 12
20 49
0 30
7 37
23 0
2 41
June 1
M 8
0 24
7 44
10 57
5 46
0 25
13 9 9 43
2 59
20 47
0 13
7 20
22 58
2 26
4
23 33
0 29
7 51
10 22
5 40
0 16
13 21
9 34
2 49
20 45
Even,
Set*.
22 57
2 15
" 7
23 51
0 33
7 58
9 46
5 .33
0 9
13 33
9 24
2 39
20 44 11 43
Morn.
22 56
2 4
" 10
24 4
0 37
8 1
9 9
5 27 Even.
13 45 9 15i 2 29
20 43; 11 31
4 25
22 55
1 53
" 13
24 10
0 41
8 5
8 31
5 21
11 48
13 57 9 6 2 19
20 41 111 18
4 12
22 54
1 42
" 16 j
24 9
0 46
8 10
7 53 5 15
11 40
14 8 8 56 2 9:
20 40'll 5
3 59
22 52
1 31
" 19
24 2
0 50
8 14
7 14
5 9,11 31
14 19
8 47 1 58 i
20 39 10 53 3 47
22 51
1 20
" 22
23 49
0 54
8 18
6 34
5 3 11 24
14 30 8 37 1 48 1
20 38 10 40 1 3 34
22 50
1 9
" 25!
23 29
0 58
8 20
5 54
4 57 11 16 14 40 8 28 1 37 !
20 36 10 27 3 21 II 22 49
0 57
" 28:
23 3
1 3 8 23
5 13 4 51 11 7; 14 50 8 18 1 28 20 35 10 15 3 9 22 47 0 46
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
17
EPIIEMERIS OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS,
showing their Declination at transit, and time of transit, over the Meridian of "Washington,
and their rising and setting at night for the latitude of Washington. The rising of Uranus
may be found very nearly by subtracting 7h. 19m. from its meridian passage, and its setting
bv adding 7h. 19m.
DAT or
MONTH.
? VENUS.
$ MARS.
U JUPITER.
^ SATURN.
i^I URANUS.
Dec>1- ; Merid.
„ |
Deo'l.
In
Merid.
Sets.
Dec'l.
In
Merid.
Rises.
Dec'l.
In
Merid.
Sets.
Dec'l.
Merid.
; North. , Even.
Even.
North. Even. Even.
North.
Morn.
Morn.
South.
Even.
Morn. | North.
Even.
° / H. M.
H. M.
0 /
H. M. H. M.
0 /
H. M.
H. M.
0 /
H. M.
H. M.
° /
TT. M.
July 1
22 81 j 1 7
8 25
4 32
4 46 10 59
14 59
8 9
1 18
20 33
10 2
2 56 22 46 0 32
4 21 53 1 10
8 2(5
3 49
4 39 10 51
15 8
7 59
1 8 i 20 33
9 49
243
22 45 0 24
7 i 21 10 1 14
8 27
3 6
4 34 10 43
15 17
7 49
0 ^fi i "^0 *^*^
9 37
2 31
•>•> 43 0 13
" 10 I 20 21 ! 1 17
' 13 19 26 . 1 21
8 27
8 27
2 23 4 28 10 35
1 39 4 22 10 27
15 26
15 34
7 39
7 30
0 47
0 37
20 32
20 31
9 24
9 12
2 18 122 42 0 2
2 6 22 40 Morn.
' 16 118 27 1 24
8 27
0 55 4 1710 19 |15 42
7 20
0 27
20 31
9 0
1 54
22 39 11 40
' 19
17 241 1 27
8 2(5
N. 10 4 11110 11 15 49
7 10
0 17
20 30
8 47
1 41
22 37 11 29
' 22
1 16 16! 1 30
8 25
S. 35 4 6 10 3 15 56
7 0
0 6
20 30
8 35
1 29
22 3(5 11 18
' 25
i!5 51 32 8 22
1 20! 4 l| 9 56;| 16 2
6 49
Even.
20 30
8 23
1 17
22 35 11 7
" 28
13 50: 1 35
8 20
2 5! 3 55
9 48 i i 16 8
6 39
11 42
20 29
8 111 1 5
22 33 10 56
Aug. 1
112 4| 1 38
8 18
3 6
3 49
9 38 i 16 16
6 25
11 27
20 30
7 55
0 49
'22 31 10 42
" 4
10 42; 1 40
8 15
3 51
3 43
9 30 1 1 16 21
6 15
11 17
120 30
7 43
0 37
122 30:10 30
7
9 17 1 41
8 11
4 37
3 38
9 22 j 16 26
6 5
11 6
20 30! 7 31
0 25
22 28 10 19
" 10
7 50 1 43
8 8
5 23
3 33
9 15
16 30
5 54
10 55 1 20 30
7 19
0 13
22 27 10 8
" 13
6 21 1 1 45
8 5
6 9
3 29
9 8
16 34
5 43
10 44 20 31
7 7
0 1
22 26
9 57
" 16
4 51
1 46
8 2
6 55
3 24
9 1
16 38
5 32
10 33 20 32
6 55
Even.
22 24
9 46
il 19
3 20
1 48
7 59
7 41
3 19
8 53
16 41
5 21
10 21 1 20 32
6 43
11 34
2:> 2:;
9 35
" 22
1 47
1 49
7 55
8 26
3 14
845
16 43
5 10
10 10 ! ! 20 33
6 32
11 23 22 22
9 24
" 25
0 14 1 51
7 52
9 11
3 10
8 39
16 45
4 59
9 59 I 20 34
6 20
11 11
22 21
9 13
" 28
S. 79 1 52
7 48
9 57
3 5
8 32 16 47
4 48
9 48
20 36
6 9
11 0
22 19
9 1
Sept, 1
3 23 { 1 54
7 43
10 56
2 59
8 22 1 16 48
4 33
9 33
20 37
5 53
10 44
22 18
8 46
'• 4
4 55 1 55
7 39
11 40
2 55
8 16 16 49
4 21
9 21
20 39
5 42
10 33
(22 17
8 35
7
6 27 1 57
7 36
12 24
2 51
8 9 ! 16 49
4 10
9 11
20 40
5 31
10 22
22 16
8 24
" 10
7 58! 1 58
7 32
13 7
2 46
8 2 16 49
3 58
8 59
20 42
5 19
10 10
I 22 15
8 13
" 13
9 27 1 59
7 27
13 49
2 42
7 55 1 ! 16 48
3 46
8 47
20 44
5 8
9 58
i 22 14
8 "1
" 16
10 55
2 1
7 25
14 31
2 38
7 49 j 16 47
3 34
8 3o
20 45 1 4 57
9 47
22 13
7 50
" 19
12 20
2 3
7 22
15 12
2 35
7 44
16 45
3 22
8 23
20 47
4 46
9 36
2212
7 39
" 22
i 13 43
2 5
7 19
15 52
2 31
7 37
16 43
3 10
8 11
20 49
4 35
9 25
22 11
7 27
" 25
15 3
2 7
7 17
16 32
2 27
7 32
16 40
2 57
7 58
20 51
4 24
9 14
22 10
7 16
" 28
16 20
2 9
7 14
17 10
2 24
7 26'
16 37
2 45
7 46
20 53
4 13
9 3
22 10
7 4
Oct. 1
17 34
2 11
7 12
17 47
2 20
720
16 34
2 32
7 32
20 50
4 2
8 52
22 9
6 53
4
18 44
2 14
7 10
18 23
2 17
7 14
16 30
2 20
7 20
20 58
3 51
8 41
22 8
6 41
" 7
19 50
2 16
7 8 1 1 18 58
2 13
7 8
16 25
2 7
7 7
21 0
3 40
8 30
22 8
6 30
" 10
20 52
2 19
7 7 1 1 19 32
2 10
7 3
16 21
1 54
6 54
21 2
3 29
8 19
22 8
6 18
•' 13
21 48
2 22
7 7
20 4
2 7
6 59
16 16
1 41
6 42
21 5
3 19
8 9
22 7
6 7
" 16
! 22 40
2 25
7 6
20 .35
2 4
6 54
16 10
1 28
6 29
21 7! 3 8
7 58
22 7
5 55
" 19
! 23 27
2 28
7 6
21 4
2 1
6 49
16 5
1 15
6 16
21 10
2 57
7 47 22 7
5 43
" 22
24 8
2 31
7 7
21 31
1 59
6 45
15 59
1 2
6 4
21 12
2 47
7 37
22 7
5 32
" 25
24 43
2 35
7 7
21 57
1 56
6 40
15 53
0 48
5.50
21 14
2 36
7 25
J22 7
5 20
" 28
25 12
2 38
7 91
22 21
1 53
6 35
15 46
0 35
5 38
21 17
2 26
7 15
22 7
5 8
Nov. 1
25 42
243
7 12 I
22 50
1 50
6 81
15 38
0 17
5 20
21 20i 2 12
7 0
22 7
4 52
4
25 56
2 47
7 14
23 9
1 48
6 27
15 31
Even.
Sets.
21 22
2 1
6 50
22 7
4 41
" 7 26 5 2 50
7 17
23 27
1 46
6 23
15 22
11 46
Morn.
21 25
1 51
6 38
22 8
4 29
" 10 |26 6 2 54
7 21
23 43
1 43
6 20 15 15
11 32
6 28
21 27
1 40
6 27
22 8
4 17
"• 13 i i 26 2
2 57
7 24
23 55
1 41
6 17 || 15 9
11 19
6 14
21 30
1 30
6 17
22 8
4 5
" 16 i! 25 51
3 0
7 28
24 6
1 39
6 15
15 2
11 6
6 1
21 32
1 19
6 6
22 9
3 53
" 19 i 25 134
3 4
7 34
24 15
1 37
6 12
14 56
10 52 5 46
21 34
1 9
5 56
i 22 10
3 41
" 22 i 25 11
3 7
7 38
24 21
1 35
6 9
14 49 10 39! 5 33
21 36
059
5 46
22 10
3 29
" 25 24 42
3 9
7 41 24 25
1 34
6 8
14 43 10 261 5 20
21 39
0 48
5 35
22 11
3 17
" 28 1 24 8
8 12
7 48 1 24 27
1 32
6 6|
14 38
10 13
5 6
21 41
0 38
5 24
22 12
3 5
Dec. 1 i 23 28
3 14
7 52 ! 1 24 26
1 30
6 4
14 32
9 59
4 52
21 43
0 28
5 14
22 13
2 52
4
!22 44
3 16
7 57
24 22
1 28
6 2 14 37
9 46
4 39
21 45
0 18
5 4
22 14
2 40
" 7
21 55
3 17
8 1
24 16
1 26
6 1
14 23
9 34
4 27
21 47
0 8
4 54
22 15
2 28
" 10
21 1
3 18
8 6
24 8
1 25
6 0
14 19
9 21
4 12
21 49
Morn.
Rises.
22 16
2 16
" 13
20 4
3 19
8 11
23 57
1 23
5 59
14 15
9 8
4 0
21 50
11 47
Morn.
22 17
2 4
" 16
19 3
3 19
8 15
23 44 1 21
5 57
14 12
8 55
8 46
21 52
11 36!
6 51
22 18
1 51
" 19
17 59
3 19
8 18
23 28
1 19
5 57
14 10
8 43
8 34
21 54
11 26
6 41
22 19
1 39
" 22
16 53
3 18
8 21
23 10
1 18
5 57 | 14 8
8 30
3 21
21 55
11 16i
6 31
22 20
1 27
" 25
15 44
3 17
8 24
22 50
1 16
5 57 14 7
8 18
8 9
21 57
11 6l
6 21
22 21
1 14
" 28
14 34 3 16 8 28 22 27
1 14
5 56 1 [ 14 6 8 6 2 57
21 58 10 55
6 10
22 22
1 2
18 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
THE SUN'S DECLINATION FOR WASHINGTON APPARENT NOON.
January.
South.
February.
South.
March.
South.
April. | May.
North. | North.
June.
North.
July.
North.
August.
North.
Sept'ber.
North.
October.
South.
Nov'ber.
South.
Decemb'r.
South.
22 57 50
1656 3
722 3
445 7151411
22 749
23 528
175437
8 635
323 9
14 36 41 '21 54 15
225222 163839
659 9
589 1532 4 221536
23 1 2' 17 39 13i 74439 3402014554222 3 9
22 46 28 10 20 58
6 36 10
531 7154941222259
22 50 13;17 23 32 7 22 37; 4 9 40 15 14 28 22 11 3S
2240 5 16 259
613 5
55358 16 7 4 222959
2251 0!17 734 7 027' 432521533 0221940
223316^154444
5 49 55
61643 102410 2230% 224522 1651 19 63810' 456 0,1551 10 22 2717
2226 11152613
5 26 39
6 39 22 10 41 0
224247
223921 163448
61547
519 510 91(5223427
22 18 18 15 7 26
5 320
7 155 105734
22 48 30 j 22 32 57 1018 0
55317
542 5 1027 0,2241 11
22 10 9 14 48 24
43956
72420 171351
2254 1
2220 9 16 057
53041
651
16 44 27 22 47 27
21 135
1429 7
4 16 29
74638172950
2259 1
22 18 58
15 43 39
580
6 27 52
17 1 37 22 53 17
21 52 34
14 935
35258
8 848 174532
23 338
221123
1526 5
44514
6 50 38
171830 22 5840
2143 8
134949
3 29 25
8 30 50 18 0 57
23 750
22 320
15 817
4 22 23
7 13 19
1735 4
23 335
21 33 17
132950
3 549
8 52 43 18 1 6 3 ; 23 1 1 38 21 55 0
14 50 14
3 59 27
7 ,35 53
17 51 21
23 8 3
2123 0
13 937
24211
91428 183051 2315 1
21 40 24
14 31 56
3 36 27
75821
18 718
2312 3
211219
124912
21832
936 3 184520 231759
21 37 19
141325
31324 82042
182257
23 15 36
20 114
12 28 34
1 54 51
9 57 29 18 59 30
232033212752
135441
250101 84257
18 38 15
23 18 40
20 49 44
12 744
131 9
101845 191321
232242
2118 3
13 35 43
227 6 953 185315
23 21 17
203751
11 46 43
1 726
103951 192653
23 24 26
21 752
131632
2 353
927 2
19 753
23 23 25
202534
19 12 54
112531
11 4 8
04344
020 2
11 0 46 19 40 4 23 25 40 20 57 20
11 21 30 19 52 50 23 20 41 , 20 40 27
1259 9
123734
14037 94852
11719I101034
192212
1936 9
2325 6
232618
19 59 52
10 42 35
N. 340
11 42 3 20 5 27
23 27 11
203513
121740
053591032 7
194945
2327 2
194627
10 20 52
S. 27 21
12 2 24 20 17 37
23 27 16 20 23 38
115747
03038105331
20 259
23 27 17
193240
959 0
051 1
12 22 34 20 29 27
23 26 56
201143
11 37 30
N. 7 15 11 14 44
201551
2327 4
191831
9 36 58
1 14 38
124231 204056
23 26 11
19 59 27
11 17 15
S.16 8 113548
20 28 21
23 26 23
18 4 2
9 14 49
1 38 14
13 2162052 3
2325 2
19 46 51
10 56 43
03932 115041
204028
23 25 14
184911
1834 0
85230
830 4
2 148
2 25 18
13 21 47 21 2 49;23 23 28 1!) :'.:', 56
13 41 6 21 13 13123 21 29 19 20 41
1030 0
1015 7
1 257J121723
1 20 21 12 37 54
20 52 13
21 333
23 23 36
23 21 31
18 18 29
8 731
24846
14 0 11 21 23 15 23 19 6
19 7 7
954 4
1 49 45
125814
21 14 30
231857
17 238
74450
3 12 10
1419 2213255231618
185314
9 32 52
213 8
131821
2125 3
23 15 55
17 46 27
3 35 31
14 37 39 21 42 12 23 13 0
1839 2
91131
2 36 30 : 13 38 10
21 3512
23 12 24
172958
3 58 47
14 56 2 21 51 7 23 9 29
182432
850 1
25950^135758
21 44 56
23 826
17 13 10
422 0
:21 59401
18 943
8 28 22
[141726
23 4 1
.ECLIPSES OF JUPITER'S MOONS FOR 1869. — VISIBLE AT WASHINGTON.
DATE.
Sat.
Time.
Phase.
DATE.
Sat.
Tim,
Phase.
DATE.
No.
Sat.
Time.
Phase.
Jan. 2
I
"7 20 15.1 Ev.
Em.
Sept. 2
I
4 35 mi Mo.
Im.
Nov. 1
II
112*6' 40S.8Ev.
Im.
" 3
II
8 925.9Ev.
Im.
3
]
11 336.0Ev. Im.
" 3
I
3 15 14.4 Mo.
Im.
" 311
10 30 14.5 Ev.
Em.
0
11
2 40 53.6 Mo. Im.
" 4
I
944 0.2Ev.
Im.
" 7
III
10 40 23.1 Ev.
Im.
6
II
4 56 13.0 Mo.
Em.
" 4
III
1141 14.0 Ev.
Im.
" 9
I
916 7.4 Ev.
Em.
11
1
0 57 29.8 Mo. Im.
" 9
II
4 17 33.4 Mo.
Em.
I
5 40 51. 4 Ev.
Em.
13
If
5 4 55.8 Mo. Im.
" 12
I
1 40 36. 7 Mo.
Em.
u 25
I
7 36 35.9 Ev. Em.
15
111
9 24 42.6 Ev. Em.
" 12
III
5 30 11.9 Mo.
Em.
" 28
II
7 38 57.8 Ev.
Em.
18
I
251 28.5 Mo.
Im.
" 13
I
815 19.8 Ev.
Em.
Feb.lOil
" 12 III
5 56 47.1 Ev. Em.
65411.4Ev. Im.
19
22
I
III
9 20 2.4 Ev.
11 34 30.8 Ev.
Im.
Im.
" 19
" 19
I
II
341 48.4 Mo. Em.
811 0.8Ev. Em.
U JIJ
I
7 52 14.9 Ev.
Kin.
23
III
124 44.8 Mo.
Em.
" 20
I
10 10 33.0 Ev.
Em.
Mar. 1 II
7 26 11. 4 Ev. lEm.
23 II
9 10 34.8 Ev.
Im.
" 26
II
10 46 37. 2 Ev.
Em.
" 5
I
611 88.6 Ev. lEm. |
25 I
4 45 33.3 Mo.
Im.
" 281
0 5 55.6 Mo.
Em.
June 2
I
356 0.1 Mo.
Im.
26
I
11 14 8.7 Ev. Im.
" 29
f
63451.0Ev.
Em.
July 311
310 4.0 Mo. Im.
30
III
335 0.0 Mo. Ilm.
Dec. 4
II
1 22 15.1 Mo. Em.
H* /;
D
III
326a5.2Mo.iIm. j
30
[I]
5 24 45.7 Mo. | Em.
u 5
I
2 125. 7 Mo.
Em.
" 11
I
2 22 12.4 Mo. ilm. I
30
II
11 40 22.7 Ev. Hm.
" 6
I
8 30 22.9 Ev.
Em.
" 27
I
038 1.3 Mo. Im.
Oct. 4
I
1 821.7Mo.|Im.
" 10
III
7 49 27.8 Ev.
Im.
'• 29
II
2 35 20.9 Mo. Em.
8
11
222 5.7 Mo. ilm.
" 10 III
9 36 40.0 Ev.
Em.
Aug. 3
I
231 42.9 Mo. ilm.
11
I
3 2 42.0 Mo. Im.
" 131
1026 2.1 Ev.
Em.
' 5
II
2 56 33.1 Mo. ilm.
12 r
9 31 10.2 Ev. Im.
" niiii
1151 Sl.lEv.
Im.
" 11
III
1 28 58.8 Mo. 1 Em.
15 ill
4 57 44.3 Mo.
Im.
" 18
III
1 38 41.1 Mo.
Em.
" 18
III
3 30 35.9 Mo. Im.
18
I
4 57 10.0 Mo. Jim.
" 21
I
0 21 47.4 Mo.
Em.
" 19
I
047 35.1 Mo. ;Im.
19
I
11 25 40.9 Ev. |lm.
" 21
II
7 51 28.0 Ev.
Em.
'• 22
II
11 43 49.5 Ev. Em.
25
II
851 10.0 Ev. ilm.
" 22
6 50 41. 9 Ev.
Em.
" 26
I
241 21. 2 Mo. Im. 1 27
I 1 20 20.0 Mo. Im.
" 28
II
10 27 13.6 Ev.
Em.
" 30
II
0 443.5Mo.Im. 28 III 7 39 30.3 Ev. Im.
" 29
I
8 46 32.8 Ev.
Em.
" 30
II
220 5.1 Mo. Em. ! 28|l
749 9.4 Ev. Im. !
NOTE. — The above table includes only those eclipses which occur when the Sun is more than
8° below, and Jupiter more than 8° above the horizon of Washington, all other eclipses occur-
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
19
ring when Jupiter is below the horizon, or else in the daytime, or too near the Sun to be visi
ble. Jupiter1? Satellites are not visible from March 10th to May 18th, Jupiter being too near
the Sun. Before the opposition of Jupiter to the Sun, Nov. 8th, the Immersions and the
Emersions happen on the ivestern side of the planet ; but after the opposition these phases
occur on the eastern side. These eclipses arc seen only with the aid of a glass, and if it be an
inverting telescope, the positions will be reversed. Im. denotes the immersion or disappear
ance of the satellite by entering into the shadow of Jupiter, and Em. denotes its reappear
ance at coming out of the shadow. The eclipses in the table are visible very generally in all
the United States, and to find the time of their occurrence at other places than Washington,
add the longitude in time when east of Washington and subtract it for places west. See the
table of Latitudes and Longitudes.
A TABLE SHOWING THE MOON'S PLACE, on LONGITUDE,
at 7 P. M., Washington mean time. The Constellation, and not the Sign, is given. The decrees
given show how far the moon has advanced into the constellation. To find the Sign, add 30'.
g January.
February.
March. April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
Sept'ber.
October.
Nov'ber.
Dec'ber.
p
Con. D.
Con. D.
Con. IX f<m. I).
Con. D.
Con. D.
Con. D.
Con. I).
Con. D.
Con. D.
Con. D.
Con. D.
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CONSTELLATIONS AND SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC.
1.
2.
8.
T
y
n
Aries.
Taurus1.
Gemini.
4. £3 Cancer.
5. ft Leo.
6. TTJI Virgo.
OCCULTATIONS
7.
8.
9.
OF REGUI
=£= Libra. 10. \3
TIL Scorpio. 11. AXV
t Sagittarius. 12. }£
-us' AND ALDEBARAN.
Capricornus.
Aquarius.
Pisces.
STAB.
WASHINGTON.
SAN FRANCISCO.
Date.
Immersion.
Emersion.
Date.
Immersion.
Emersion.
a Leonis (Re<rulus).
a Taiu-i (Aldebaran),
a Lf-onis (Romulus),
Jan. 29
Feb. 20*
March 25
H. M.
3 50 Mo.
1 34 Mo.
2 28 Mo.
H. M.
4 56 Mo.
2 24 Mo.
3 18 Mo.
Jan. 28
Feb. 19
March 24
H. M.
11 50 Ev.
10 39 Ev.
10 42 Ev.
H. M.
Ot 32 Mo.
11 14 Ev.
11 4(5 Ev.
*This occultation is not visible at Washington, as the star will set at 1 o'clock 21 m. morn
ing, but may be seen in the Western States. ^As the moon sets in the Eastern States, the star
may be seen very close to its eastern edge, t January 29th.
20 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
HIGH WATER AT BOSTON, IN BOSTON MEAN TIME.
*
fe
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
Sept'ber.
October.
Nov'-ber.
Deo'ber.
A
Evening.
-
H. M.
H. M.
II. M.
n. M.
H. M.
H. M.
II. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
1
1 55
3 14
2 2
3 13
3 39
4 47
4 49
5 46
7 16
7 58
9 34
10 2
3
2 46
4 4
2 49
4 5
4 33
5 39
5 41
6 43
8 20
9 3
10 27
10 55
8
3 37
5 0
3 38
5 3
5 28
6 28
6 30
7 43
9 24
9 59
11 17
11 44
4
4 30
6 0
4 33
6 4
6 23
7 20
7 24
8 46
10 22
10 53
Morn.
Morn.
5
5 29
7 0
5 32
7 2
7 17
8 9
8 20
9 45
11 15
11 40
4
33
6
6 27
8 0
6 32
7 57
8 7
8 58
9 13
10 42
Morn.
Morn.
52
1 22
7
7 30
8 58
7 35
8 49
8 54
9 46
10 6
11 32
2
27
1 41
2 10
8
8 2(5
9 49
8 31
9 34
9 38
10 32
10 59
Morn.
48
1 14
2 32
2 57
It
9 20
10 30
9 22
10 16
10 20
11 19
11 49
22
1 37
2 3
3 24
3 44
10
10 11
11 18
10 8
10 56
11 2
Morn.
Morn.
1 11
2 24
2 52
4 16
4 33
11
10 59
11 55
10 51
11 32
11 42
4
37
1 59
3 13
3 46
5 11
5 22
12
11 42
11 27
Morn.
Morn.
51
1 28
2 46
4 6
443
6 7
6 11
18
Morn.
°34
Morn.
8
22
1 40
2 18
3 35
5 6
5 44
7 1
7 2
14
22
1 11
3
46
1 7
2 32
3 6
4 29
6 9
6 44
7 51
7 52
15
1 2
1 47
38
1 27
1 55
3 24
3 57
5 29
7 15
7 41
8 39
8 41
it;
1 41
2 24
1 15
2 10
2 44
4 19
4 53
6 32
8 13
8 33
9 22
9 28
17
2 20
3 2
1 54
2 57
3 36
5 16
5 53
7 36
9 7
9 1
10 4
10 14
is
2 58
3 45
2 33
3 49
4 35
6 18
6 56
8 38
9 54
10 1
10 47
11 1
.19
3 39
4 34
3 17
4 47
5 38
7 20
7 56
9 32
10 36
10 42
11 25
11 45
80
4 23
5 30
4 6
5 53
6 42
8 20
8 57
10 21
11 15
11 34
Ev. 6
Ev. 32
81
5 12
6 33
5 5
7 2
7 45
9 16
9 51
11 6
11 50
11 55
48
1 20
82
6 6
7 40
6 10
8 9
8 45
10 9
10 42
11 45
Ev. 25
Ev. 31
1 34
2 9
88
7 5
847
7 20
9 8
9 39
11 0
11 27
Ev. 20
1 0
1 11
2 32
2 57
21
8 7
9 49
8 28
10 2
10 30
11 47
Ev. 9
58
1 37
1 52
3 12
3 48
86
9 9
10 48
9 30
10 54
11 20
Ev. 31
49
1 34
2 17
2 37
4 5
442
86
10 8
11 38
10 26
11 40
Ev. 5
1 16
1 29
2 10
2 58
3 27
5 4
5 41
27
11 6
Ev. 25
11 17
Ev. 24
51
1 59
2 8
2 49
3 46
4 23
6 6
6 42
ys
11 57
1 14
Ev. 2
1 11
1 38
2 41
2 46
3 28
4 40
5 24
7 8
7 44
89
Ev. 47
48
2 1
2 25
3 23
3 25
4 15
5 43
6 28
8 11
8 46
80
1 37
1 36
2 49
3 11
4 5
4 6
5 9
6 51
7 36
9 8
9 43
31
2 25
2 23
358
454
6 9
8 38
10 37
HIGH WATER AT NEW YORK, IN NEW YORK MEAN TIME.
•5
X
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
Jun,e.
July.
August.
Sept'bor.
October.
Nov'ber.
Dec'ber.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
1
10 37
11 59
10 44
11 58
Ev.25
1 33
1 38
2 32
4 1
1 42
6 20
6 48
8
11 29
Ev. 51
11 32
Ev. 52
1 20
2 25
2 27
3 29
5 5
5 48
7 12
7 39
3
Ev. 23
1 47
Ev. 24
1 50
2 14
3 14
3 16
4 28
6 10
6 45
7 59
8 27
4
1 18
2 46
1 20
2 50
3 9
4 5
4 9
5 31
7 8
7 37
8 49
9 20
5
2 15
346
2 18
3 47
4 2
4 54
5 4
6 31
7 57
8 22
9 38
10 8
n
3 13
4 46
3 20
4 42
4 51
5 44
5 59
7 26
8 47
9 12
10 24
10 52
7
4 14
5 43
4 20
5 34
5 40
6 32
6 52
8 16
9 35
10 0
11 15
11 41
H
5 11
6 35
5 16
6 20
6 24
7 17
7 42
9 8
10 21
10 45
9
6 6
7 21
6 8
7 2
7 6
8 0
8 32
9 57
11 7
11 36
9
30
10
6 57
8 1
6 54
7 40
745
8 49
9 23
10 41
11 58
Morn.
1 3
1 20
11
7 42
8 40
7 35
8 15
8 24
9 37
10 12
11 29
Morn.
32
1 57
2 7
12
8 24
9 20
8 10
8 53
9 8
10 24
11 0
Morn.
53
1 31
2 53
2 57
1:5
9 8
9 57
8 48
9 33
9 53
11 15
11 51
21
1 53
2 30
346
3 47
14
'9 48
10 31
9 24
10 21
10 36
Morn.
1 16
2 55
3 30
4 35
4 37
15
10 25
11 7
10 1
10 52
11 26
9
43
2 15
3 59
4 26
5 25
5 26
1C,
11 2
11 47
10 38
11 41
Morn.
1 6
1 40
3 18
4 57
5 18
6 8
6 13
17
11 43
Morn.
11 15
Morn.
22
2 2
2 38
4 21
5 52
6 5
6 50
7 0
18
Morn.
31
Morn.
35
1 22
3 4
3 40
5 22
6 40
6 47
7 31
7 44
19
25
1 21
2
1 36
2 24
4 5
4 41
6 18
7 21
7 26
8 8
8 29
20
1 10
2 16
53
2 39
3 28
5 4
5 42
7 7
7 57
8 0
8 51
9 19
-.21
1 58
3 19
1 52
3 47
4 29
6 2
6 37
7 47
8 33
8 38
9 84
10 6
22
2 52
4 25
2 57
4 52
5 30
6 55
7 26
8 26
9 11
9 18
10 19
10 50
2.1
3 50
5 32
4 5
5 54
6 25
7 43
8 10
9 6
9 46
9 57
11 4
11 41
84
4 52
6 35
5 13
6 48
7 15
8 30
8 54
9 43
10 22
10 36
11 57
Ev. 34
2r,
5 55
7 32
6 16
7 38
8 1
9 18
9 36
10 19
10 59
11 19
Ev. 52
1 29
2f,
6 54
8 20
7 12
8 22
8 50
10 2
10 15
10 52
11 43
Ev. 12
1 51
2 27
37
7 49
9 12
7 59
9 11
9 37
10 41
10 49
11 31
Ev. 32
1 9
2 52
3 28
88
8 40
10 0
847
9 58
10 23
11 23
11 29
Ev. 14
1 27
2 10
3 55
4 29
2'.)
9 32
9 34
10 43
11 8
Ev. 8
Ev.10
1 2
2 29
3 14
4 55
5 31
30
10 22
10 21
•11 32
11 56
52
53
1 55
3 37
4 21
5 53
6 29
31
11 8
11 6
Ev. 44
1 41
2 55
5 23
7 22
1869.] ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. 21
HIGH WATER AT PHILADELPHIA, IN PHILADELPHIA MEAN TIME.
5
8
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
Sepi'ber.
October.
Nov'ber.
Dec'ber.
p
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
II . M.
H. M.
II. M.
H. M.
II. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
1
3 52
5 12
3 59
5 12
5 36
6 36
6 40
7 28
9 0
9 44
11 26
11 56
2
4 45
5 58
4 47
5 59
6 23
7 22
7 23
8 27
10 6
10 51
Ev. 21
Ev. 50
3
5 34
6 48
5 35
6 50
7 13
8 10
8 12
9 28
11 15
11 53
1 10
1 38
4
6 2-2
7 42
6 23
7 46"
8 5
9 4
9 9
10 33
Ev. 17
Ev. 47
1 59
2 30
5
7 14
8 44
7 17
8 45
9 1
9 55
10 6
11 38
1 9
1 33
2 49
3 20
6*
8 9
9 47
8 16
9 43
9 52
10 47
11 3
Ev. 37
1 59
2 22
3 39
4 8
7
9 12
10 45
9 20
10 36
10 42
11 39
12 0
1 25
2 45
3 11
4 31
4 50
8
10 13
11 42
10 18
11 26
11 30
Ev. 27
Ev. 53
2 19
3 34
4 0
5 21
5 41
9
11 11
Ev. 31
11 13
Ev. 11
Ev. 15
1 12
1 43
3 8
4 23
4 51
6 9
6 22
JO
Ev. 5
1 12
Ev. 2
50
56
1 59
2 35
3 56
5 11
5 42
6 57
7 7
11
fifi
1 51
45
1 25
1 35
2 48
3 26
4 45
6 0
6 33
7 49
7 54
12
1 35
2 30
1 21
2 3
2 19
3 39
4 16
5 32
6 53
7 27
8 44
8 45
18
2 17
3 8
2 0
2 43
3 4
4 31
5 5
6 21
7 51
8 27
9 37
9 38
14
2 59
3 45
2 35
3 25
3 52
5 21
5 51
7 14
8 58
9 26
10 26
10 29
15
3 40
4 23
3 12
4 8
4 42
6 11
6 41
8 14
9 59
10 10
11 13
11 19
16
4 18
5 1
3 51
4 56
5 33
7 3
7 34
9 21
10 56
11 10
11 58
Morn.
17
4 58
5 42
4 32
5 45
6 25
8 0
8 38
10 24
11 47
11 55
Morn.
9
18
5 36
6 24
5 15
6 37
7 21
9 4
9 42
11 24
Morn.
Morn.
41
55
11!
6 15
7 15
6 0
7 36
8 25
10 6
10 44
Morn.
31
36
1 19
1 39
go
6 58
8 16
6 52
8 45
9 30
11 7
11 44
16
1 9
1 12
2 1
2 29
81
7 48
9 25
7 52
9 53
10 32
Morn.
Morn.
59
1 44
1 49
2 45
3 18
22
8 48
10 34
9 4
10 57
11 31
3
36
1 37
2 21
2 28
3 32
4 6
23
9 53
11 42
10 15
11 56
Morn.
54
1 21
2 16
2 57
3 8
4 20
4 56
'24
10 58
Morn.
11 22
Morn.
25
1 40
2 4
2 54
3 35
3 50
5 11
5 44
25
Morn.
42
Morn.
49
1 12
2 28
2 47
3 32
4 15
4 35
5 59
6 32
26
2
1 31
21
1 32
2 0
3 13
3 28
4 8
4 57
5 24
6 51
7 24
27
59
2 22
1 11
2 21
2 48
3 56
4 5
4 46
5 42
6 14
7 48
8 25
ys
1 50
3 11
1 57
3 9
3 36
4 39
4 45
5 26
6 30
7 9
8 52
9 30
yi)
2 44
2 46
3 58
4 24
5 20
5 22
6 8
7 26
8 10
9 57
10 33'
80
3 34
3 34
4 47
5 10
5 59
6 0
6 55
8 33
9 21
10 57
11 36
81
4 24
4 22
5 53
6 42
7 51
10 25
Ev. 32
HIGH WATER AT SAN FRANCISCO, IN SAN FRANCISCO MEAN TIME.
3
fe
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
Sept'ber.
October.
Nov'ber.
Dec'ber.
A
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
i
2 20
3 53
2 27
3 51
4 25
5 47
5 53
6 49
8 17
9 0
10 23
10 47
2
3 17
4 59
3 22
5 0
5 32
6 42
6 43
7 47
9 20
9 56
11 8
11 30
8
4 23
6 3
4 24
6 7
6 31
7 32
7 34
8 45
10 15
10 45
11 49
Morn.
4
5 29
7 3
5 32
7 7
7 27
8 22
8 26
9 41
11 4
11 29
Morn.
18
5
6 32
8 4
6 35
8 5
8 19
9 10
9 19
10 33
11 47
Morn.
36
1 4
6
7 31
9 2
7 37
8 58
9 8
9 52
10 5
11 18
Morn.
13
1 21
1 49
7
8 31
9 52
8 37
9 44
9 49
10 33
10 51
Morn.
34
56
2 8
2 36
8
9 23
10 36
9 28
10 23
10 27
11 12
11 33
5
1 18
1 41
3 1
3 32
9
10 12
11 15
10 14
10 58
11 2
11 50
Morn.
53
2 3
2 28
4 5
4 32
10
10 54
11 50
10 52
11 28
11 36
Morn.
23
1 39
2 52
3 26
5 13
5 32
11
11 33
Morn.
11 27
Morn.
Morn.
36
1 7
2 24
3 50
4 34
6 15
6 25
18
Morn.
28
12 0
5
15
1 20
1 54
3 17
5 1
5 44
7 10
7 15
1.1
15
1 4
Morn.
41
51
2 7
2 44
4 21
6 10
647
8 4
8 5
14
53
1 38
35
1 15
i a5
3 1
3 43
5 29
7 12
7 48
8 52
8 53
15
1 30
2 13
1 8
1 54
2 20
4 5
4 51
6 32
8 16
8 43
9 35
9 37
1(>
2 7
2 52
1 42
2 36
3 14
5 15
5 55
7 36
9 13
9 30
10 14
10 18
17
2 47
3 39
2 19
3 32
4 22
6 20
6 55
8 38
10 0
10 11
10 49
10 56
18
3 34
4 36
3 2
4 42
5 34
7 22
7 59
9 33
10 41
10 46
11 23
11 35
11)
4 25
5 33
3 57
5 48
6 40
8 22
8 57
10 21
11 15
11 19
11 58
Ev. 19
20
5 20
6 33
5 1
6 56
7 46
9 19
9 51
11 3
11 47
11 50
Ev. 38
1 3
21
6 16
7 37
6 9
8 5
8 46
10 8
10 38
11 39
Ev. 24
Ev.26
1 18
1 47
22
7 9
8 42
7 13
9 8
9 40
10 52
11 19
Ev. 17
55
1 2
2 0
2 34
28
8 8
9 42
8 22
10 1
10 27
11 34
12 0
54
1 29
1 38
2 49
3 32
24
9 7
10 36
9 25
10 47
11 10
Ev.20
Ev. 42
1 27
2 3
2 18
3 49
4 41
21
10 2
11 24
10 19
11 30
11 51
1 2
1 18
2 0
2 43
3 6
5 0
5 43
26
10 52
Ev. 11
11 7
Ev. 13
Ev. 37
1 43
1 55
2 36
3 34
4 9
6 8
644
27
11 39
57
11 48
55
1 20
2 24
2 34
3 19
4 38
5 19
7 9
7 46
28
Ev. 28
1 41
Ev. 34
1 40
2 4
3 10
3 17
4 12
5 40
6 27
8 12
8 46
•21)
1 17
1 18
2 26
2 53
4 4
4 6
5 12
6 46
7 32
9 11
9 41
80
2 3
2 1
3 20
3 48
5 0
5 1
6 13
7 54
8 38
10 1
10 31
81
2 53
2 51
4 52
5 56
7 12
9 M
11 16
THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER.
JANUARY, 1869.
MEAN TIME OP SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET ; FOR
SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
5|
Augusta.
Boston. New York.
'. •VTasl ington. ; Raleigh.
1 Charleston.
New Orleans. ! San
o i
Portland.
Al mny.
Philad
Iphia.
| Baltim
: Nasl
villc
' Savr-nnah.
| Mo
bile.
Fran
cisco.
w. Day of
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
; St. Louia.
! Mem
phis.
Vicksburg.
Te
»».
Richmond.
t Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
BUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
fi !
Rises. Sets.
Rises. Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises. ! £
Sets.
'Rises.
Se
ts.
Rises. Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
liFri.
7 36 4 32
7 804 38
7 24
4 44
7 194
4'.) 7 10
4 58
7454
6 57
5 11
7 16
4 53
SjSat.
7 36 4 33
7 30 i 4 39
|7 24,
4 45
7 194
50 i 7 10
4
>9
:7 45 5
6 57
5 12
7 16
4 54
3 Sun.
7 36 4 34
7 30 4 40
17 24'
4 46
7 194
51 i 7 10 5
0
:7 45 6
6 57
5 12
7 16
4 55
4 Mon.
7 36:4 35
7 30 4 41
7 24
4 47
1 7 19 4
52 : 7 10
5
]
:7 4 5 7
6 58
5 13
|7 16
4 56
5
Tu.
7 36 4 36
7 30
4 42
7 24
4 48
i 7 19 4
53
!7 10
5
2
'7 45 S
6 58
5 U
7 16
4 57
6
Wed.
7 36^4 37
7 30
4 43
| 7 24 4 49
7 19 4
54
|7 10
5
2
:7 45 8
6 58J5 14
7 16
4 58
7
Th.
7 354 38
7 30
1 -It
!724
1 50
7 19 4
55
:7 10
5
3
7 45 9
6 58
5 15
7 16
4 59
8
Fri.
7 35 4 39 !
7 30
4 45
:7 24
4 51
7 19 4
56
7 10
5
4
'• 1 4 5 10
6 58
5 16!
7 16
4 59
Sat.
7 35 4 40
7 30
4 46
7 24 4 52
7 194
57
i 7 10 5
5
17 45 11
6 58 5 17 !
7 15
5 0
10
Sun.
7 3514 41
7 29
4 47
7 24
4 53
|7 19 4
58
•7 10
5
6
17 45 12
6 58
5 18
7 15
5 1
11
Mon.
7 34'4 42
7 29
1 48
7 23
4 54
7 184
59
17 10
g
7
! 7 4 5 12
6 58
5 18:
7 15
5 2
is
Tu.
7 3414 43
7 29
4 49
7 23k 55
7 185
0
:7 9!5
8
i 7 4 5 13
6 58 5 19 ,
7 15
5 3
18
14
Wed.
Th.
7 34 '4 45
7 33 4 46
7 28
7 28
4 50
4 51
7 88 4 56
i 7 22 4 57
7 1815
7 175
1
2
!7 95 9^7 45 14
7 9 5 10 ! 7 4 5 15
6 58 5 20 !
6 58 5 21 I
7 155 4
7 145 5
15
Fri.
7 3
] 4 47
7 27
4 53
7 22
4 58
7 175
3
|7 8
5
1
: 7 3 5 16
6 57
•-, •»
7 14
5 6
Hi
Sat.
7 32 4 48
7 27 1 4 54
17 22
4 59
7 17 5
4
:7 8
5
•2
i 7 3 5 17
6 57
5 23
7 14
5 8
17
Sun.
7 814 50
7 2(5
4 55
7 21
3 0
7 165
5
i7 85 13
7 3 5 18
6 57
5 23 i
7 14
5 9
18
Mon.
7 31 ! 4 51
7 26
4 56
7 21
5 1
|7 16:5
(i
7 7
5
4
! 7 2 5 19 1 6 57
5 24!
7 13
5 10
19
Tu.
7 30 ! 4 52
7 25
4 58
7 20
3 3
7 15:5
7
7 7
5 '
5
17 2 5 20 i 1 6 57
5 25;
7 13
5 11
20 1 Wed.
7 29,4 53
7 24
4 59
17 195 4
J7 14!5
8 '7 7 '5 16
i7 25 21
6 56
5 261
7 12 5 12
21
Th.
7 2!) 4 55
7 23 5 0
1 7 is:
5 5
7 14 5
9 7 6
5 '
7
i 7 1 5 22
6 56
527
7 12
5 13
22
Fri.
7 28:4 56
7 22 5 1
7 18'
3 6
7135
10
17 6
5
8
715 23
6 56
5 28:
7 11
5 14
23! Sat.
7 2714 57
7 2215 3
7 17
3 8
7 125
12
17 5
5 ]
!)
'•1 05 24
6 55
5 29!
7 11
5 15
24 Sun.
7 26'4 59
7 21
5 4 I 7 16
3 9 : ! 7 12 5
L3
7 5
5 \
20
7 0 5 25
(i 55
5 30 1 1 7 10
5 16
25 i Mon.
7 25 15 0
7 205 5i!7 155 10
7 11'5
11
7 4 5 21
! 7 0 5 26 6 55
5 8l| 7 9|5 17
26 Tn.
7 24 5 1
7 2015 6:17 155 11
i7 105
15
'745 22
6 59 5 27 6 54
5 32H7 815 18
27- Wed.
7 23 5 3
7 195 7i!7 14
3 12'! 7 105
16 7 3
;-, -
>.:}
6 59J5 28M6 54
5 33 i 7 7
5 19
28 Th.
17 22,5 4
7 18:5 9 7 18'5 18| 7 9!5
17 ;7 25 24
6 58,5 29; 6 53;5 34!
7 75 20
29 Fri.
172115 6
7 17j5 10!i7 12
5 151 7 8'5
19 h 7 2
5 '
6 58|5 SOI 6 53
5 35
7 6
5 22
30 Sat.
7205 7
7 16!5 11 ! 7 12
3 16 |7 85
20
7 1
5 \
2ii
: 6 57 5 31
6 52
5 36 7 5
5 23
31 Sun.
|7 19,5 8
7 155 13 17 11 5 17 ii 7 75
21
7 0 5 27
6 5615 32
6 52;5 37 7 4'5 24
LENGTH AND INCREASE OF
DAYS.
a
Augusta.
Boston.
New York.
Washington.
Raleigh.
Charlestown. |j New Orleans.
Sa
B
§
Portland.
Albany.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Nashville
Savannah. Mobi
e.
Fran
isco.
f.
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
St. Louis.
Memphis
Vicksburg.
Texa
s.
Richa
ond.
1
L'th.
Incr.
L'th. I Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th. Incr.
L'th. Incr.
L'th. Inor.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
1
8 56 0 4
9 180 5
9 20 0 4
9 30 0 4
9 49 0
4
10 20 2
LO 14 0 1 9 37 0 4
3
8 580 6
9 20 0 6
9 22 0 5
9 31 0 5
9 500
5
1
J 30 3
0 15
1 2 i i 9 39
0 6
&
9 00 9
9210 8
9 23 0 7
9 33 |0 6
9 52 0
7
1
) 40 4
0 16
') 3 i 9 41
0 8
7
9 2 0 11
9 23 0 10 I
9 25;0 9
9 35iO 8
9 53 0
9
10 5!0 5
0 17 0 4 9 43 0 10
9
9 5 0 14
9 25 0 12
9 27,0 11
9 37iO 10
9 55 0
1
1
3 70 7
10 19
1 6 9 45
0 12
1!
9 8 0 17
9 28,0 15
9 30:0 14
9 40 1 0 13
9 57 0
8
1
) 90 9
10 21.
) 8!
9 47
0 14
18
1 9 11 0 20
9 31 0 17
9 33 0 16
! 9 42'0 15
10 00 15'
10 11 0 11
10 23 0 10
9 49 0 16
15
9 15 0 23
9 34 0 20
9 36 0 19
9 45 0 18
10 20
7
1
) 13 0 13
0 25
D 18 9 52
0 19
17
9 18 0 27
9 38 0 23
9 39 0 22
9 48!0 21
10 50
20
1
) 160 15 10 27
1 14 ! 9 55
0 22
9 22 0 31
9 42 0 27
9 43 0 26
9 52 0 25
'10 80 23 ,
10 180 17 |10 290 16 '1 9 580 25
21
9 26 0 .35
9 45 0 30
9 46 0 29
: 9 55 0 28
:10 11 0
26
1
1 21 0 20 10 31
) 18 HO 1
0 28
9 31 0 39 i 9 49 0 34
9 50 0 32
: 9 59 0 32
10 14 0
1
1 23 0 22 i 10 33
T 20 110 4
0 31
25
9 a5 0 44 ! 9 530 38
9 54 0 36
10 20 35'
10 17 0
i.)
1
1 26 0 24 10 35
1 22 i 10 8
0 35
27 , 9 40 0 48 | i 9 57 0 42
9 58 0 40
10 5 0 38
10 200 35
10 29 0 27
0 .38 0 25 10 12 0 39
29 ;9 440 53 !10 1
0 46
10 2:0 44
10 9jO 42
10 24 0
i')
1
") 32 0 30
10 41
} 28 10 16
0 43
31 ;9 49,0 59|jlO 5 0 50 1 10 6!0 48
1 10 13 0 46
10 27,0 42
SlO 36,0 34
LO 45 0 32 '110 20:0 47
1800.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
JANUARY, First Month.
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN, j
MEAN TIME OP MOON'S RISING AND SETTING.
•S c
g g
s £
» ®
'a o
Sid
treat
Sun at .
Moon in i AuEU8ta'
' Portland.
Boston. X. York. TV a
Albany. |Philad'a. B»
h'tn.i Raleigh. IChn'ston. N. Or'ls. „
im'e. . N'shville. ! Savan'h. Mobile.
«i a 0^.
K
x>n.
Noon Mark.
Meridian, ji Oregon.
Chicago, jlnd'polis. St. LouU.
Itemp'i.
Vicksb'g.
Tex
». Fr'
icisco.
III
i
Rises. R
ses.
Day.
Evening.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
1
1 IS.fi
5
11
12 4 4
2 40
8 36
8 38
8 40
8
43
8 48
8 52
8 56
8 51
2
2
; 19.6
5
10
12 4 3J2
3 37
9 47
9 48
9 50
9 52
9 55
9 57
10
0
9 59
3
3
20.6
5
6
12 5 Ol 4 31
10 57
10 57
10 &
J
10
59
11 0
11 1
11
2
11
5
4
4
121.6
5
2
12 5 27
5 22
Morn.
Morn.
Morn
K
>rn.
Morn.
Morn.
Moi
Morn.
5
5
22.6
4
58
12 5 54
6 13
6
6
(
6
5
5
4
11
6
23.6
4
51
12 6 20
7 2
1 13
1 12
1 11
1
9
1 7
1 5
1
3
1
14
7
7
1 24.6
4
50
12 6 4(i
7 52
2 20
2 18
2 16
2
14
2 10
2 7
2
3
2 18
8
8
•25.6
4
46
12 7 11
8-41
3 25
3 22
3 li
a
16 ,
3 11
3 6
3
1
?
20
9
26.6
4
42
12 7 36
9 32
4 28
4 25
4 21
4
17
4 11
4 5
3
59
4
21
if)
10
27.6
4
38
12 8 1
10 23
5 24
5 21
5 17
5
13
5 6
5 1
4
5 17
11
11
28.6
4
12 8 24
11 14
6 22
6 18
6 14
6
9
6 2
5 55
5
IS
6 13
12
12
29.6
4
30
12 8 48
Ev. 4
Sets.
Sets.
Sets
g
Hs.
Sets.
Sets.
Se
8.
s
ets.
IS
13
j 0.9
4
26
12 9 10
53
5 55
5 59
6 2
6
7
6 13
6 19
6 25
6 15
11
14
| 1.9
4
-,"2
12 9 32
1 40
0 53
6 55
6 5t
1
7
2
7 8
7 13
7
IS
r
10
15
15
I 2.9
4
1'.)
12 9 53
2 25
7 51
7 54
7 91
7
59
8 3
8 7
8
11
I
! 6
16
16
i 3.9| 4
15
12 10 14
3 8
8 48
8 50
8 52
8
53
8 56
8 59
9
9 0
17
17
I 4.9 4
11
12 10 33
3 51
9 47
9 48
9 4<
I
'.i
49
9 51
9 52
9
54
i
56
18
IS
: 5.9
4
7
12 10 52
4 33
10 44
10 44
10 44
10
44
10 45
10 45
10
15
10 51
111
19
: 6.9
4
3
12 11 11
5 15
11 42
11 41
11 4(
)
11
40
11 38
11 37
11
!6
11
45
20
i 7.9 3
59
12 11 23
5 59
Morn.
Morn.
Morn
11
am.
Morn.
Morn.
Mo
•n.
X
lorn.
21
21
! 8.9
3
55
12 11 45| 6 44
43
41
. 40
38
35
33
!0
43
•>•)
i 9.9l 3
51
12 12 1
7 33
1 43
1 41
1 3f
J
1
36
1 32
1 28
1
•2!
1
40
2*5
23 i il0.9 3
47
12 12 16
8 25
2 45
2 42
2 39
2
35
2 30
2 25
2
•20
i
5 39
21
24 111.9
3
43
12 12 3(1 9 21
3 49
3 46
3 4$
>
g
38
3 31
3 25
3
19
*
i 41
25
25 |12.9 3
39
12 12 44
10 20
4 54
4 50
4 45
4
41
4 34
4 27
4
•20
4 44
26
27
26 !l 13.9 3
271:14.9 3
31
12 12 56
12 13 8
11 21
Morn.
4^58
5 1
5 5
5
10
5 16
5 22
5
•2S
5 18
28
28 !' 15.9 3
27
12 13 19
22
6 12
6 15
0 1
3
6
21
6 26
6 31
6
';()
(
5 29
29
29 16.9 3
24
12 13 29 1 22
i 726
7 28
7 30
7
33
7 36
7 39
7
13
7 40
30 301 17.9] 3
20
12 13 39
2 19
! 8 41
8 41
8 4
J
8
44
8 46
8 47
8
19
e
5 50
31 311:18.9! 3
16
12 13 47 3 14 j 9 52
9 52
9 52
9 53
9 53
9 53
9
53
9 59
MOON'S
PHASES, &c.
AVASHINGTON.
SAN
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OP THE PLANETS.
Last Quarter..
D5 "i 15 Mo.
i 10 14 Ev.
Venus in Scorpio until the 17th, then in * .
New Moon.. . .
12 1 45 Ev. 1
2 10 44 Mo.
Mars
in Le
o all the month.
First Quarter..
Full Moon
'.'. 20 7 18 Ev. |20 4 17 Ev.
..27 8 22 Ev. 27 5 21 Ev.
Jupiter in Pisces all the month.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Moon in Apogee..
Moon in Perigee..
16 0.8 Ev. 16 9.8 Mo.
28 8.1 Ev. i 28 5.1 Ev.
Uranus in Gemini all the month.
Venus and Saturn nearest together on the 2cl.
MEAN TIME OP BEGINNING AND END OP TWILIGHT.
3
Auprusta.
Boston.
New York. Washington.
i Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
S:
n
§
Portland.
Albany.
Philadelphia. Baltimore.
! Nash
vi le.
Savannah.
Mob le.
Franc
ifco.
•s
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Mem
phis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
p
Begins. 'Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins. I
nds.
Begins.
Ends.
1
5 52 6 16
5 48 6 20
5 46 6 22 5 43 6 25
5 39
6 29
5 35 6 33
i 5 31 t
37
5 41
6 '27
6
5 52 6 21
5 48 6 24
5 46 6 2<i 5 44 6 28
5 40
6 32
: 5 37 6 .35
: 5 33 6 39
5 43
6 29
11 5 51 6 26
16 5 50 6 31
5 486 29
5 48 6 33
5 47 6 30 5 45 6 32
5 46 6 34 i I 5 44 6 36
i 5 41
5 41
6 36
6 40
: 5 37 6 39
1 5 38 6 43
5 34 !6 42
• 5 34 16 47
5 43 6 31
5 43i6 38
21
5 47 6 36
5 48 6 37
5 44 6 39 i 5 43 6 41
5 40
6 44
5 37 6 47
5 33 6 51
! 5 42
6 42
26
31
5 44 6 42
5 406 48
5 45 6 43
5 39 6 49
5 42 6 44 5 40 6 46 i 5 37 6 49
5 386 50 I 5 376 52 , 5 34 6 54
5 35 6 51
5 32 6 56
5 32.6 54
i 5 30|6 58 |
i 5 40 6 47
5 36l6 52
24
THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
FEBRUARY, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET ; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
.
Aug
ista.
Boston. i New fork. I ! 'Washington.
Raleigh.
Charleston. , New Orleans. San
J**
Port
and.
Alba
nv. 1 i 3
hia. IS
.iltimui
Kasl ville.
i gava
mah.
Mo
Dile. Fran
•isco.
|
Day of
the
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis, j St. Louis.
Memphis.
| Vi«ksburg.
Te
as. Rica
%
Week.
SUN
SU
•
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN SUN
A
Rises.
Seta.
Rises. 1
Sets. Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Se
ts. 1 Rises. 1 Sets.
Rises.
Sets. Rises.
Sets. Rises.
Sets.
1
Mon.
7 IS 5 10
7 i4 5 14 7
11)
5
IS
7
li
5 22
7 05 2<8
6 56
5 32 6 51
5 3*7 ! 1 7 35 25
•J
Tu.
7 17
5 11
7 13;
5 15
-
9
.1
1!)
7
5
5
W
6 59 5 29
6 55
5 33 : 1 6 50
5 38 ! 7 2
5 26 j
:;
Wed.
7 1(3
5 13
7 11
5 16
7
7
5
20
7
4
5
24
6 58
5 30
16 54
5 34
6 49
5 39 7 2
5 28 ;
4
Th.
7 14
5 14
7 10 5 18
7 6
5
22
7
8
5 25
6 57
5 32
6 53 5 35
6 49
5 40
7 Ii5 29
5
Fri.
7 13
5 16
7 9!
5 19
7
5
.1
23
7
2
5
>(>
6 56
5 33
6 52
5 3li
6 48
5 41
7 0
5 29
6
Sat.
7 12
5 17
7 8
3 20
7
4
5
21
7
1
5
27
6 55
5 34
.6 51
5 37
6 47
5 42
6 5!)
5 30
7
Sun.
7 11 '5 18
i 7 7 5 22
7 3
5
25
7
0
5 28
6 54
5 35
6 50 5 38
6 4(5
5 43 | 6 58
5 32
8
Mon.
7 9
5 19
7 6
) 23
7
2
5
2(5
6
.V.)
5
2'.l
6 53
5 30
6 49
5 39
6 45
5 43 1 6 57
5 33
9
Tu.
7 8
5 21
7 5
5 2r>
7
1
5
28
6
-)(s
5
11
6 52
5 37
6 48
5 40 6 44
5 44
6 55
5 34
10
Wed.
7 7 5 22 7 4 5 2(5
7 0
5
2'J
6 57
5 32
6 51
5 38
6 47 5 41 6 43
5 45
i6 54
5 35
11
Th.
7 5
5 24 ! 7 2;
5 27
6
69
5
30
6
56
5
;:;
|6 50
5 39
6 46
5 42 6 42
5 46
'6 53
5 36
12
Fri.
7 4
5 25
17 15291! 6 58
5
31
(i
->.-)
5 34
6 49
5 40
6 46j5 43 6 42
5 47
6 52 5 38
13
Sat.
7 2
5 27
7 0
3 30 If
67
5
32
(i
")4
5
:.-)
6 48
5 41
6 45
544
6 41
5 47
'6 51
5 3!)
11
Sun.
7 1
r, 2s
6 58
5 31
l
nr.
5
33
(i
->:j
5
i(i
|6 47
5 42
6 44
5 45
6 40
5 48 6 50
5 39
15
Mon.
7 0 5 29
i6 57 i5 33
(
51
5
34
6
v,>
5 38
6 46
5 43
6 43 5 46
6 39
5 49 6 49 5 40
16
Tu.
6 58
{L81
6 55 !
3 34
6
63
5
3(5
6
11)
5 «
!'.)
645
5 44
6 42
5 46
(i 38
5 49 i 6 48
5 42
17
Wed.
6 5(5
f82
6 54:5 35
6 51
5
37
(i
19
5 40
6 44
5 45
641
5 47
6 37
5 50 6 47^5 43
is
Th.
6 55
5 33
6 52
> 36
6
60
5
38
(i
IS
5 <•
11
6 43
5 46
6 40
5 48 (5 36
5 51 6 46
5 44
1!)
Fri.
6 53
5 35
6 51
5 38
(
•1!)
5
40
(i
47
5
12
6 42
5 47
6 39
5 49 (5 36
5 52 i 6 45
5 44
20
Sat.
6 52
5 >5<i 6 50
5 39
I
48
5
41 I
(i
Hi
5 <•
3
0 40
5 47
6 38
5 50 ! 6 35
5 52 6 44
5 45
21
Sun.
6 505 37 1648541
(
46
5
43 | 6
11
5 45
6 39
5 48
6 37
5 50 | 6 34
5 53 6 425 46
>•>
Mon.
6 49
5 :¥.}
6 47
j 42
(
45
5
44
6
13
5 <•
16
6 38
5 49
6 36
5 51 1 1 6 33
5 54 6 41
5 48
}•}
Tu.
6 47 5 40
6 45 5 43
(
43
5
45
6
11
5 47
6 37
5 50
6 35
5 52 i 6 32j5 55||6 395 49
24
Wed.
6 45
5 42
644
545
fi
42
5
47
6
10
5 i
S
6 36
5 51
16 34
5 53 ! (i 31
5 55 !! 6 37
5 49
r>
Th.
6 44
5 43
6 42
> 46
(
40
5
48!
6
;s
5 i
9
6 34
5 52
6 32
5 54 i ! 6 30
5 56
1 6 36
5 50
26
Fri.
6 42 5 44
i 6 40 5 47
(
:js
5
49[ 6
J7
5 50
6 33
5 53
6 31
5 54
6 29 5 56
j 6 35
5 52
2;
Sat.
6 40
5 46
! 6 38 .
> 43
(
37
5
50l!6
T,
5 I
.1
6 32
5 54
(5 30
5 55
6 28
5 57
! 6 31
5 53
28
Sun.
6 39 5 47
6 37.5 49
1,
85
5
51 ! 6
51
5 52
6 30
5 55
6 29 5 56
6 2715 58 ;6 325 54
LENGTH
AND INCREASE OF DAYS.
a
Augusta.
Boston.
j New York.
Washington.
i Raleigh.
Charles
New Orleans.
Sa
n
1
Portland.
Alba 17.
I Philade
Iphia.
Baltin
lore.
Nashville.
Savann
ah.
Mob
le.
Franc
isco.
,--,
•5
Oregon.
' Chicago.
i Indaui
poU..
St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Tex:
s.
Richmond.
I
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
j L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th. 1
ncr.
L'th. |lncr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
1
9 521 0
10 0 0 56
: 10 8 0 51
10 i6 0 50
10 29 0 44|
10 37 0 39
10 4610 34| 10 22
0 49
a
9 57 1 6
10 51 1
! 10 13 0 56
10 20 0 54
! 10 33 0 48;
10 41 0 43
10 50 10 38 10 26
0 53
5
10 2 1 12
10 10 1 6
! 10 17
1 0
10 24
0 58
1 10 36 0 52J
10 44
) 46
10 53
0 41 J10 29
0 56
7
10 8 1 1B:
10 16 1 11
• 10 22
1 5
10 28
1 2
10 40 0 55
10 48
) 50 ! 10 57
0 45 ilO 34
1 1
g
10 13 1*22
10 20 1 16
i 10 261 9
10 32
1 6
1 10 44 0 59
10 52 0 54 |ll 00 48 jl() 39
1 6
11
10 19 1 27
10 25 1 21
i 10 30
1 13
10 36
1 10
! 10 48 1 31
10 56
) 58: j 11 4
0 52 10 43
1 10
18
10 24 1 33
10 30 1 2(5
! 10 35
1 18
10 41
1 15
10 52 1 7
11 0
2 11 7
0 55 10 48
1 15
15
10 30 1 39
10 -35 1 31
; 10 40
23 i
10 45
1 19
ilO 56 1 12
11 3
5 111 10 0 58 10 51
1 18
17
10 38 1 44
10 40 1 36
10 45
28 f
10 50
1 24
111 11 16
11 7
9 11 13
1 1 10 56
1 23
19
10 41 1 50
10 46 1 42
1060 33 j
10 54
28
;11 51 20
11 10
12 1 11 16 1 4 10 59 1 26
21
10 47 1 5fi 1
10 52 1 48
10 55
38;
10 59
33
111 9 1 24
11 14
16 111 19
1 7 11 4
31
23
10 53 '2 2
10 57 1 53
ill 0
43
11 3
37
ill 14 1 29
11 18
20 ! 11 23
1 11 11 10
37!
x'5
10 59 2 8
11 31 30
ill 5
48
11 7
41
' 11 18 1 33;
11 22
24 11 26
1 14 11 14
41
27
11 5|2 14
11 82 4
; 11 10
53
11 12
46
11 22 1 381
11 25
27 j 11 29
1 17 11 19
46|
:*8
11 8i2 17
11 10,2 6
: 11 12
1 55
11 14
48
ill 24 1 39|
11 27
28 ;11 33 1 21 11 22
49 j
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
25
FEBRUARY, Second Month.*
g
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING.
1
i|
.Sul.'rc.il
Sun at
Moon in
Augusta.
Boston.
V. York.
Wash'tn. Raleizh. '• Cha'ston. N. Or'ls. c
«
0
Portland. All any.
Fhilad'a.
Bal
im'e. N'shville. Savan'h. Mot
lie,
s
£
N
oon. Noon Mark. Meridian.
Oregon, j Chicago.
Ind'poli,.
St. Louis.
Memp's.
Vicksb'g.
Tl 5
Fr'ncisco.
!
1
Days.
Evening.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
i
32
19.9
3
12
12 13 55
4 7
11 3
11 2
11 1
11
1
10 59
10 58
10 56
11 6
33 2
Kit
g
8
12
14 2
4 58
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
M
orn.
Morn.
12 0
It
57
I
31 34 2
L.9
3
4
12 14 8
5 49
12
10
8
6
3
Morn.
Mo
11
41 35 !2
2.9
•j
0
12
14 14
6 39
1 17
1 15
1 12
1
9
1 5
1 1
56
t 14
5| 36 "2
3.9 2 56
12 14 18
7 29
2 20
2 17
2 14
2
10
2 4
1 59
1
53
2 14
(i
37
2
4.9
2
52
IS
14 22
8 20
3 21
3 18
3 14
3
10
3 3
2 57
2
50
B 13
7
38
2
->:<»
2
IS
IX
14 25
9 10
4 1(5
4 13
4 8
4
4
3 57
3 50
3
43
1 7
8 39
26.9
2
44
12 14 27
10 0
5 7
5 3
4 59
4
54
447
4 40
4
33
4 58
9 40
2
7.!)
2
40
IS
14 2!
10 49
5 52
5 49
5 45
5
40
5 .33
5 27
5
20
5 44
10 1 41
28.9
2
36
12 14 30
11 36
6 32
6 29
6 25
li
21
6 15
6 9
6
3
6 25
11 42
I ]
2
32
IS
14 2!
EV. 22
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
s
ets.
Sets.
Sets.
Be
ts.
Sets.
12! 43
U
-i
28
IS
14 2!
1 6
6 41
643
6 45
6
47
6 51
6 54
6
57
3 54
13 44
25
12 14 27
1 49
7 39
7 40
7 42
7
43
7 45
7 47
7
49
7 50
14
45
Ti
2
21
12
14 25
2 31
8 37
8 37
8 38
8
38
8 39
8 39
8
40
345
15
46
i.i
2
17
K
14 22
3 13
9 35
9 34
9 34
9
33
9 32
9 32
9
31
) 39
16
47
51
2
13
12
14 18 3 55
10 32
10 31
10 30
10
28
10 20
10 24
10
22
1
3 34
17
48 i
6.1
2
9
12 14 13| 4 39
11 32
11 30
11 28
11
25
11 22
11 19
11
15
11 30
18
49
7.1
2
5
12
14 8 5 25
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Bd
>rn.
Morn.
Morn.
•si.
J
lorn.
in
50
* 1
2
1
IS
14 2 6 14
32
29
26
23
18
14
9
27
21)
51
0
1
57
12
13 55
7 7
1 33
1 30
1 26
1
23
1 16
1 11
1
5
t 26
52 10.1
1
58
12 13 48! 8 2
2 36
2 32
2 28
2
24
2 17
2 11
2
4
2 27
-j-j
53 ! 1 1
1.1
1
49
12
13 40 9 0
3 35
3 31
3 27
8
22
3 15
3 8
3
1
B 26
•W
54 12.1
1
45
12 13 31 10 0
4 32
4 28
4 23
4
19
4 12
4 5
3
58
4 22
.21
55 1
1
•11
12
13 22 11 1
5 24
5 21
5 17
5
13
5 6
5 0
4
54
5 16
25
56 i
U
I
37
IS
13 12 i 12 0
6 12
6 10
6 7
6
3
5 58
5 53
5
18
3 7
Jfi
57
j
->.l
1
38
12
13 2! Morn.
R13cs.
Rises.
Rises.
MI
363.
Rises.
Rises.
Bli
I
ises.
27
58 i 16.1
1
30
12 12 51 i 57
7 30
7 30
7 31
7
31
7 32
7 33
7
84
7 38
28
59] 17.1
1
26
12 12 39! 1 53
8 43
8 42 8 42
841
8 41
8 40
8
89
8 47
MOON'S
PHASES, &c.
WASHINGTON.
SAN
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
Last Quarter
Ve\v Moon
8
11
11 48 Mo.
8 46 Mo. 1
3 B8 4*7 Mo.
1 5 45 Mo.
Venus in Sagittarius until the 12th
Mars in Leo, by the Sickle.
then in \3.
First Quarter
Full Moon i
19
11 58 Mo. 1
6 56 Mo. 2
9 8 57 Mo.
5 3 55 Mo.
Jupiter in Pisces all the month.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
VIoon in Apogee.. 12
Moon in Perigee.. 26
11.2 Ev. 1
8.3 Mo. 2
2 8.2 Ev.
6 5.3 Mo.
Uranus in Gemini.
Venus nearest Mcrcnrv the 28th.
Mars brightest this month.
MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
4
A igusta. !
Bost
on.
New York. Wash niton.
Raleigh.
Charleston.
Nov.- Orleans.
San
i
Portl
md.
Alba
ny.
Philadelphia. Baltimore.
Nashville.
Savannah.
Mobile.
Franc
SCO.
,-,
Oreg
on.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memph s.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richn
ond.
A
Begins.
Ends. 1
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. En
ds. Begins
. Ends.
Begins, j Ends.
.Begins. Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins.
Ends, j
~j
5 3916 49!
5 38 6 50
5 37 6
51 5 3(
i (i 52
5 33 6 55
5 3116 57
5 29 (5 59
5 35
6 53
6
5 336 55:
5 33
6 55
5 as 6
56 5 31 i 6 58
5 3017 0
5 28 7 1
5 25 7 3
5 31
fi 58
]
5 27
p[
2
5 28
7 1
5 287 1 5 26J7 1
5 25J7 3
5 24 7 5 1 5 22,7 7
5 27
7 2
16
5 21
7
8
5 22
7 7 | 5 21)7 7 5 V
7 7
58D7 8:
5 20 7 8 1
5 187 10!
5 22
7 7
21
5 14
7 1
4
5 15
7 13 < \ 5 15 713 5 1(
) 7 12
5 157 12,
5 15 7 12 1
5 14 7 13 1
5 15
7 12
26
5 6
7 21 j
5 8
7 19 1 : 5 87
18 5 9 7 17
5 1017 16
5 10 7 16
5 10 7 17
5 8
7 17
2$ 5 3
7 21 ;
5 3
7 22 ; i 5 57
21 5 67 20 5 817 20
5 7 7 19
5 6 7 19
5 6
7 20
* Februan
had five Sundays in 1824. and in 1852; and the next time this will occur will be
in 1880. and
then again in 1920.
20
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
MARCH, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET J FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
i
Augu
Portl
sta.
ind.
Boston.
Albany.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Washington.
Bait more.
i Raleigh.
| Nashville.
i Charleston.
Savannah.
New Orleans.
Mobile. 1
Francisco
K
uayot
Oreg
on.
Chicago.
It
dianapo is.
Si. Louis. Mm
phis.
Vicks
burg.
Texas. | | Riclm ond.
«
,
i I
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN SUN
S1
0
Rises. | Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises. Sets.
Rises. Sets. ! Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
1 ]
Mon
(3 37 5 48
6 36 5 50
(i
34 5 52
6 33 5 53 6 30 5 56
6 28 5 58
6 26
6 0
6 31
5 54
2'
Fu.
6 3515 491
6 34 5 51
(i
32 5 53
6 31 5 54
6 29 5 56
6 27
5 58
6 25|6 0
6 30
5 55
81
Wed.
6 33
5 51
6 33 5 52
(i
31 '5 54
6 30 5 55
16 28
5 57
6 26
5 59
6 24 6 1
6 28
5 57
4 '
Th.
6 32:
5 52
6 31 5 54
(i
29 5 55
6 28 5 56
J6 26
5 58
! 6 25
6 0
6 23 6 2
6 27
5 58
16 30
"•> 53
6 29 5 55
(i
28 5 5(5
6 27 15 57
6 25
5 59
16 24
6 1
6 22 6 3
6 25
5 58
6
Sat.
6 28|5 55
6 28 5 56
(i
275 57
6 26; 5 58
6 24 6 0
6 23
6 1
6 21
6 3
6 24
5 59
7 'Sun.
8 Mon.
6 26 5 56
6 25 ;5 57
6 265
6 25 L
58
59
Ii
(i
25 5 59
24 6 0
6 24! 5 59
6 23 6 0
6 23 6 1
6 22 6 2
6 22
(i 21
6 2
6 3
I 6 20 6 4
j 6 19 6 5
6 22
6 20
6 1
6 2
9 Tit.
6 23:
T 59
6 23 (
0
(i
226 1
6 21 6 1
! 6 20 6 2
6 20
6 3
6 18
6 5
6 19
6 2
10 1 Wed.
6 21
(5 0
6 21 t
1
(i
206 2
6 19 6 2
6 19
6 3
6 19
6 4 6 16
6 6
6 18
6 3
6 19
6 1
6 19 f
2
18 6 3
6 18 6 3
(i l.s
6 4
i6 17
6 5 6 15
6 7
6 16
6 5
L2Fri.
(i 17:6 2
6 17 t
3
«;
16 6 4
6 16 6 4 6 16
6 5
6 1616 6
6 14
6 7
6 14
6 6
13iSat.
6 16
6 4
6 16 (,
4
(i
15 6 5
6 15 6 5
(i 15
6 6
6 14
6 6
16 13
6 8
6 13
6 6
L4 Sun.
6 14 6 5 |
6 146 6
13!6 6
6 13 6 6
6 13
6 7
16 136 7
|6 12
6 9
6 11
6 7
15 Mon.
L7;Wed.
i 6 12 6 6 j
!6JO:6 7i
:6 86 9
6 126 7
6 10 6 8
6 96 9
6
Ii
126 7
10 6 8
96 9
6 12 6 7
6 10 6 8
6 96 9
61268 6 11
6 10 6 9 i 1 6 10
6 96 9 1 6 9
6 8
6 9
6 9
16 10
6 9
6 8
6 9
6 10 S
6 10 1
6 10
6 9
6 7
6 8
6 9
6 10
18 Th.
6 6
6 10
6 7 6 10
Ii
76 10
6 7 6 10 i 6 8
6 10
;6 8
6 10
6 7
6 11
6 5
6 11
19 Fri.
6 5
6 11
6 5 (
11
(i
56 11
6 5 6 11 6 6
6 11
16 6
6 11
6 6
6 Hi
6 4
6 12
20 Sat.
J6 3!6 12
6 3t
12!
ii
3 6 12
6 3 6 12
6 4 6 11 65
6 11
6 5
6 12
6 2
6 12
21 Sun.
6 1
6 13
6 216 14
(i
2 6 13
626 13
6 3
6 12 6 3
6 12
6 3
6 12
6 1
6 13
SajMon.
5 59:6 15 i
6 06 15
(i
1 6 14
6 1 6 14116 2
6 13 ! ! 6 2
6 13
6 2
6 13
5 59
6 14
28 Tu.
5 57
6 16!
5 59 6 16
t;
06 15
606 15 6 1
6 14 ! 1 6 1
6 14
6 1
6 14
5 57
6 16
24: Wed.
5 55
6 17
5 57 6 17
5
58 6 16
5 58 6 16
5 59
6 15
5 59
6 14
5 59
6 14
5 55
6 17
25lTh. I 5 54
6 18
5 55 6 19
5 56 6 17
5 56 6 17
5 57
6 16
5 58 6 15
5 58
6 15
5 54
6 17
28 Fri.
5 52
6 20
5 53 6 20
5
5416 18
5 55 6 18
5 56
6 17
5 56
6 16
5 56
6 16
5 52
6 18
27 Sat.
>5 50
6 21
5 52 6 21
5
53 6 19
5 54 (5 19
5 55
6 17
5 55
6 16
5 55
6 16
5 51
6 19
28! Sun.
5 48 6 22
5 50 (
> 22
5
52 6 20
5 53 6 20
5 54|6 18
5 54
6 17
5 5416 17
5 50
6 20
29 i Mon.
5 46
(i 23
5 48 6 23
5
50 6 21
5 51 6 20
5 52
(i 19
5 53
6 18
5 53
6 17 :
5 48 6 21
30 Tu.
5 45^ 6 24
5 46 (i 24
5
486 22
5 49 6 21
15 5016 19
5 52 16 18
5 526 18'
5 47 (i 22
31 1 Wed.
5 43:6 26 1 5 441 6 25
5
46 6 23
5 47 6 22 5 49 i 6 20 5 50
6 19 5 50Ui 18 5 46 6 22
LENGTH AND INCREASE OF
DAYS.
a
Augusta.
i Boston.
; New York. ! Washington. Raleigh.
Charles
town. 1 New Orleans.; 1 San
-
Portland.
j Albany.
Philadc
Iphia. 1 Baltimore.
Nashvil
le.
Savan
nah.
Mobi c.
Francisco.
7.
'-
Oregon.
1 Chicago.
Indianapolis. | St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
I
L'th. Incr.
! L'th. Iner.
L'th.
Incr. L'th. Incr. L'th. Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th. Incr.
L'th. Incr.
1
11 11 2 20
ill 14,2 10
11 17
2 2 11 20 1 54 111 25:1
43
11 30 1 31
11 34 1 21
11 23 1 50
3
11 17 2 26
11 2012 16
11 23 2 8 11 25 1 59 1
1 29,1
47
11 33 1 34
11 37 24 11 29 1 56
5
11 24 2 32
11 26:2 22
11 28
2 13 11 30 2 4 ]
1 34 1
52
11 37
1 38
11 41! 28; 11 332 0
7
11 30 2 38
11 32 2 28
11 34
2 19 11 35 2 9 1
1 88 '1
56
11 40
1 41
11 44 31
11 39.2 6
9
11 36 2 44
11 37:2 33
11 39
2 24 11 40 2 14 11 42 £
0
11 44
1 45
11 47^ 34! ill 43 2 10
11
11 42 2 51
111 43 12 39
11 44
2 29 11 45 2 19 ]
1 47 2 5
11 48 1 49
11 511 38 ill 49 2 16
13
11 48 2 57
ill 48:2 44
11 49
2 34 11 50 2 24 ]
1 51 IS
9
11 52
1 53
11 55 42 11 53 2 20
15
11 54 3 3
11 54 ;2 50
11 55
2 40 11 55 2 29 i
1 56 £
14
11 56
1 57
11 59 46
11 58 2 25
17
12 03 9
12 0:2 56
12 0
2 45 12 0S2 34 ]
2 0 2 18
12 02 1
12 2! 49; 12 3 2 30
19
!12 63 15
12 63 2
12 6
2 51 12 52 39 |l2 5'S
23
12 5
2 6
12 5|1 52 12 8:2 a5
21
12 13 3 21
12 12 3 8
12 11
2 56 12 102 44 i 12 9 :
27
12 9
2 10
12 91 56 '12 122 39
23 i 12 19 3 27
12 18 3 14
12 163 1 12 152 49 i
12 14 2 32 ! ! 12 13 2 14
12 13 2 0 12 19 2 46
25 i 12 25 3 34
12 24 3 20
12 22
3 7 ! 12 202 54
2 18 ',
36
12 17
2 18
12 17 2 4 12 23 2 50
27
j 12 31 3 40
12 30 3 26
: 12 27
3 12 ! 12 25 2 59
2 23 ',
, 41 12 21
2 22
12 21 2 8 12 28 2 55
-J!)
i 12 37 3 46
12 35 3 31
12 32 3 17 i i 12 30 3 4 12 27 2 45 i ', 12 25
2 26 12 24 2 11 12 33 3 0
31
1 12 43 3 52
12 41 3 37 i 12 38
,3 23 i 12 35 3 9 12 32 2 50 12 29
2 30: 12 28 2 15 12 36 3 3
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
27
MARCH, Third Month.
*
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING.
§ § !
S >
S 1 2
z.
Sidereal £
un at
Moon in
Augusta.
Portland.
Boston.
Albany.
N. York.
Philad'a.
Wash'tn. Raleigh. Cha'ston. N. Or'ls.
Baltim'e. N'shvilleJ Savan'li. Mnhilo.
San
|||
1*
N
oon.
Neon Mark.
Meridian.
Oregon.
Chicago.
Ind'polis.
St. Louis.
Memp's.
Vicksb'g.j Texas. Fr'ncisc°-
Ba,
Ew
aing.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
1 60
118.1
1
22
12
12 27
2 47
9 55
9 53
9 52
9
50
9 48
9 46 9
13
9 55
2
61
19.1
1
18
12 12 15
3 40
11 5
11 3
11 1
10
58
10 55
10 50
10
Hi
11 2
3
62
20.1
1
14
12
12 2
4 32
Mern.
Morn.
Morn.
M
jrn.
11 56
11 51
11
!(i
j
orn.
1
63
21.1
1
10
12
11 49
5 24
11
9
5
2
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
6
5
64
22.1
1
G
12
11 35
6 16
1 15
1 12
1 8
1
4
57
51
If)
1
7
6
65
23.1
1
2
12
11 21
7 7
2 13
2 9
2 4
2
0
1 53
1 46
1
89
$
8
7
66
24.1
0
58
12
11 6
7 57
3 5
3 1
2 57
2
'52
2 45
2 38
31
2 56
8
67
25.1
0
54
12
10 51
8 46
3 51
3 47
3 43
3
39
3 31
3 25
3
IS
r
42
68
20.1
0
50
12
10 3(5
9 34
4 33
4 30
4 26
4
22
4 15
4 9
4
3
4
25
10
69
27.1
0
46
12
10 21
10 20
5 9
5 6
5 3
•1
59
4 54
4 49
4
18
5 3
11
70
28. 1
0
42
12
10 4
11 4
5 41
5 38
5 36
5
33
5 28
5 24
5
20
£
37
12
71
29.1
0
38
12
9 48
11 47
6 9
6 7
6 5
(i
3
6 0
5 57
5
54
6 8
13
72
0.3
0
34
12
9 31
Ev. 30
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
8
sts.
Sets.
Sets.
8e
ti.
6
ets.
14
73
1.3
0
31
12
9 14
1 12
7 29
7 28
7 28
7
28
7 28
7 27
7
27
r
34
is! 74
2.3
27
12
8 57
1 54
8 26
8 25
8 24
8
23
8 21
8 20
8
18 £
\ 28
16
75
3.3
0
23
12
8 40
2 38
9 26
9 24
9 22
'.)
20
9 17
9 14
9
11 1 J
25
17
76
4.3
0
I'.i
12
8 23
3 23
10 26
10 24
10 21
10
18
10 14
10 10
to
5 1 1(
) 22
18 77
5.3
0
15
12
8 5
4 10
11 27
11 24
11 20
n
17
11 11
11 6
11
0
11 21
19 j 78
6.3
0
11
12
7 47
5 0
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
M
jrn.
Morn.
Morn.
11
56
l
lorn.
20
79
7.3
0
7
12
7 29
5 53
27
24
20
15
8
3
Mo
m.
19
21
80
8.3
0
3
12
7 11
6 48
1 26
1 22
1 18
1
13
1 (i
59
52
1
17
81
9.3
M
orn.
12
6 52
7 45
2 23
2 19
2 14
2
10
2 2
1 55
1
IS
2 13
23
82
10.3
11
55
12
6 34
8 43
3 14
3 10
3 6
3
2
2 55
2 49
g
12
»
J 5
24
83 ' i 11.3 11
51
1-)
6 16
9 41
4 2
3 59
3 55
3
51
3 45
3 40
3
34
i
! 55
25
84 isialii
•17
12
5 57
10 38
4 45
4 43
4 40
4
37
4 33
4 29
4
21
4
( 41
85 13.311
48
12
i .>
5 38
Son
11 34
5 23
5 22
5 20
5
18
5 15
5 13
5
10
5 23
'27
86
87
it.O
15.3
1 1
11
35
1 2
12
rfl
5 1
29
7 40
7 39
7 38
7
37
7 35
7 34
7
32
r
r 42
29
88 j j 16.3 11
32
12
4 43
1 24
8 43
8 42
8 39
8
37
8 34
8 30
8
27
i
] 42
no
89 17.3 11
28
12
4 24
2 18
9 54
9 52
9 49
!l
46
9 41
9 36
9
81
1
) 50
31
90| 1 18.3 11
24
12
4 6
3 12
11 1
10 57
10 54
10
50 | 10 44
10 38
10
32
10 54
MOON'S
PHASES, &c.
SAN
WASHINGTON.
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
Last Quarter..
D.
5
0 35 Mo.
4 "9 34 Ev.
Venus in Capricornus until the 5th, then in
New Moon
;!! 13
3 38 Mo. 1
3 0 37
Mo.
z? to the
30th.
First Quarter..
...21
0 46 Mo. 20 9 45 Ev.
Mars by the Sickle all the month.
Full Moon
27
4 25 Ev. 27 1 24
Ev.
Jupiter in
Pisces all the month.
Moon in Apogee.. 'll
Moon in Perigee.. 26
11.6 Ev. 11 8.6 Ev.
7.7 Ev. 20 4.7 Ev.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Uranus in Gemini all the month.
MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
5
Augusta.
Boston.
New York. Washington.
Raleigh.
i Charleston.
New Orleans.
San
s
Portland.
Alba
ny.
Philadelphia. Bait n
aore.
Nashville.
Savannah.
Mobile.
Frant
SCO.
*
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memphis.
V cksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
1
Begins. Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. ! Ends. Begins.
Ends.
Begins. 'finds.
Begins. Ends.
Begins. £
Adi.
Begins.
Ends.
1
5 1J7 24
5 27 23
5 37 22 5 4
7 21
5 6 7 20
5 7 7 19
5 77
11)
5 5
7 21
6
4 52 7 31
4 54
7 29
4 5517 28 4 56
7 27
4 58 7 25
507 23
5 1 7
22
•1 57
7 26
11
4 41 7 39
4 46
7 35
4 47 7 34 4 48
7 32
4 51,7 29
! 4 53 7 27
4 54 J7 26
4 50
7 31
4 32 7 45
4 37
7 41
4 38 7 40 4 40
7 38
4 43 7 35
j 4 46 7 32
4 48 7 30
442
7 36
-2l'
4 247 51
4 29
7 47
4 31 7 45 4 337 42 1 1 4 377 39 i
4 40 7 36 4 42 i7 33
4 35
7 41
23
4 13 7 58
4 20
7 53
4 23 7 50 4 26
7 47 i ! 4 30 7 43
4 34 7 39 j 4 37|7 36
428
7 45
81
4484
4 10 7 59
4 15!7 54 4 187 51 1 1 4 23,7 46 j
4 2S7 42 |! 4 32i7 39
4 21 7 49
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
APRIL, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RIS
E AND SUN-SET ; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
f !
Augusta.
Boston.
New York. • WashnSton.
Raleijh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
San
Port
and.
Albany. j i
hiladelp
hia. 13
altiuiore.
Nashville.
Sav
mnah.
Mo
Mle.
Fran
, sco.
s I D»y of
Ore
gon. |
Chicago. 1 I
idianapt.
lis.
h
t. Louis.
Memphis.
Viol
sburg.
Te.
as.
Rich
nond.
s
the
!!
I
-
Week.
SUN SUN
SUN
BUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
o
Rises. | Sets.
Rises. Sets.
B
seS.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises
Sets.
Rises
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
1
Th.
5 41
(5 27
5 43 6 26
r>
45
(j
2.
5
Hi
(i 23
5 48 6 21
5 49 (i 20
5 49 6 19
5 44
6 23
2 Fri.
5 39 6 28 !
5 42 6 28
r>
II
li
21 i
5
1.-)
(i 24
5 47 6 22
5 48 6 21
5 48 (5 20
5 43
6 24
3i Sat,
5 37
6 29
5 40 6 29
5
42
(i
•27
5
lo
6 25
5 45 6 23
5 4t
)(i 21
5 4(5
6 20
5 41
6 25
4 'Sun.
5 3(5 6 30
5 38 6 30
5
40
6
•28
5 41
6 2(5
5 43 1 6 24
5 45 6 22
5 45
6 21
5 40
6 26
5 Mon.
5 34
(i 32
5 36 6 31
,-,
38
(i
2!)
5
1!)
6 27
5 4",
6 25
5 44
6 23
5 44
6 21
5 38
6 27
6
Tu.
5 32
6 33
5 34 6 32
5
36
(i
•'!()
5
!S
(5 28
5 41
6 26
54-
6 23
5 43
6 22
5 36
6 28
Wed.
5 30
6 34
5 32 6 33
5
34
(i
:M
5
16
6 29
5 3!
6 26
5 41
6 24
5 41
(i 22
5 35
(i 29
8
Th.
5 28! 6 36
5 31 6 34
5
83
(i
5 35
(5 30
5 3r
6 27
5 39 6 25
5 40 6 23
5 33 6 30
9
Fri.
5 26
6 37
5 29;6 35
g
31
6
M
5
;::
6 31
5 3(
6 28
5 3£
li 25
5 39
6 23
5 32
6 31
10
Sat.
5 24; 6 38
5 27 6 3(5
5
29
6 34
5 31
(i 32
5 34
6 29
5 37 6 26
5 as 6 24
5 31 6 32
11
Sun.
5 23
(i 39
5 2(5 6 37
5
•-2s
6
3."i
5
in
0 33
5 3;:
6 30
5 3£
(i 27
5 37
6 24
5 30
6 33
19
Mon.
5 21 6 40
5 24 6 38
5 26
6
'!6
5 28
(5 34
5 31
6 30
5 34 6 27
5 36 6 25
5 28
6 34
1:3
Tit.
5 19
(5 42
5 23
i 40
5
25
(i
57
5
2?
6 35
5 3(
6 31
5 32
ii 2N
5 35
6 25
5 27
6 35
14
Wed.
5 18
6 43
5 21
6 41
r,
24
0
'!S
5
.V;
6 36
5 2!
6 32
5 3x
6 29
5 34
(i 2(5
5 25
6 35
15 Th.
5 16 6 44
5 19
5 42
5
•2-2
ii
•59
5 24
6 37
5 2S
6 33
5 31
(i 30
5 33 6 27
5 23 6 36
161 Fri.
5 14
6 45
5 18 ! 6 43
r,
•2!
c.
40
5
23
(i 38
5 2r
6 34
5 3(
6 30
5 32
(i 27
5 22
6 37
17 Sat.
5 12
6 47|
5 16 6 44
5
19
6
11
5
.'-2
6 3!)
5 26
6 35
5 2!
6 31
5 31
li 2S
5 21
6 38
18 Sun.
5 11
6 48!
5 14 6 45
5
17
fi
12
5 20
6 40
5 24
6 36
5 28 6 32
5 30 6 29
5 19 6 39
19
Mon.
5 9
6 49!
5 1316 47
,-,
16
6
It
5
19
641
5 23
6 37
5 2'
6 32
5 29
6 29
5 18
6 40
20
Tu.
5 7
6 50
5 11 6 48 1
5
11
6
15
5
17 6 42
5 21
6 38
5 25
6 33
5 28
(5 30
5 16
6 41
21
Wed.
5 6
6 51
5 10 6 49
5
18
ii
16
5 X'ilf) 43
5 2(
6 39
5 24 6 34
5 27 6 30
5 15
6 42
J-2
Th.
5 4
6 53
5 8
3 50 j
5
11
(i
17
5
14 6 44
5 li
6 40
5 2?
6 35
5 2(5
6 31
5 14
6 43
2:;
Fri.
5 3
6 54
5 6
3 51 1 5
10
ii
18
5
1316 45
5 18
6 40
5 2'1
6 35
5 25
6 31
5 13
6 44
Sat.
5 1
6 55
5 5
5 52
5
9
ii
19
5 12 6 46
5 17
6 41
5 21
16 36
5 24 6 32
5 11
6 45
25
Sun.
4 59
(5 5(5
5 3
5 53
-,
if
6
50
5
1016 46
5 15 K5 42
5 2C
6 37
5 23
6 33
5 10
(i 46
26 Mon.
4 58 6 57
5 2
j 54
5
(i
6 51
5
fl
6 47
5 1416 42
5 19 6 37
5 22 6 33
5 96 47
27
Tu.
4 56
6 59
5 1
5 55
~,
5
6
-.2
5
S
6 48
5 13 6 43
5 18
6 38
5 21
6 34
5 8
6 48
28
Wed.
4 55
7 0
4 59
i 56
5
3
3
">•'!
5
(i
6 49
5 11
6 44
5 1C
6 39
5 20
6 35
5 7
6 49
2'.)
Th.
4 53 7 1 1
4 58
5 58
5
2
6 54
5
5
6 50
5 10
6 44
5 15 6 39
5 19 6 35
5 (5 6 49
30
Fri.
4 52,7 2 4 566 59; 5
06 55 5
3 6 51
5 9
(i 45
1 5 14 6 40
5 18 6 36 5 4
6 50
LENGTH
AND INCREASE OP DAYS.
|
Augusta.
Boston. New York.
Washington. Raleig . Charleston, i i New Orleans.
Sa
„
5
Portland.
Albany.
Philade
Iphia.
Baltin
lore. Nashville.
Savan
,ah. 1
Mob
le.
Franc
isco.
M
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
St. Louis. Memphis.
Vicksl
urg. _
Tex
3.
Richmond.
1
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr. || L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr. L'th. 1 Incr.
L'th.
Incr. [
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
j
12 45 3 54
12 43,3 39
12 40
3 25
1° 37
3 ii 12 34 2 52
12 31
2 32
12 29
2 16
12 351
3 6
g
12 52
4 0
12 49 3 45
12 45
3 30.
12 42 3 16 I 12 38
i 56
12 35
2 36
12 33
2 20 i!2 4413 11
5
12 58
4 7
12 5c
>3 51
12 51
3 36
12 47
3 21 12 43
3 1
12 39
2 40
12 37
224
12 49
3 16
7
13 5
4 13
13 1
3 57
12 57
3 42
12 53
3 27 12 48
3 6
2 43
2 441
12 41
2 28
12 54
3 21
9
13 11
4 19
13 (
>4 2
13 2
3 47
12 58 3 32 12 52
3 10: 12 47
2 48!
12 44
2 31
12 59
3 26
11
13 17
4 25 i
13 11
4 7
113 7
352
13 3
3 37 12 57
3 15 12 51
2 52:
12 47
2 34
13 3
3 .'JO
13 23
4 31
13 r
4 13
13 12
3 57
13 8 3 42 13 1
3 19 12 55
2 56
12 50
2 37
13 8
3 35
15
13 28
4 37
13 2:
! 4 19 13 18
4 3
13 13
3 47 13 6
3 24 12 59
3 0
12 54
2 41
13 13
3 40
17
13 34
443
13 2t
5 4 24 | 13 23
4 8
13 18
3 52 13 10
3 28!
3 3
3 4t
12 57
2 44
13 17
3 44
lit
13 40
1 I!)
13 3J
4 30 ! 13 28
4 13
13 22
3 56 13 14
3 32;
3 7
3 8
13 0
2 47
13 22
3 49
13 4(5
4 54
13 3f
4 ,35
13 33
4 18
13 27
4 1 i 13 18
3 36 13 10
3 11 '
13 3
2 50
13 27
3 54
2;;
13 51
5 Oi
13 4£
4 41
13 38
4 23
13 32
4 6i 13 22
3 40; 13 13
3 14
13 6
2 53
13 31
3 58
25
13 57
5 61
13 5(
)4 46
13 43
4 28
13 36
4 10 13 26
3 44 13 17
3 18'
13 10
2 57
13 36
4 3
27 1 1 14 2
5 11
13 5r
4 51
13 47
4 32
13 40
4 14 1 13 30
3 48
3 20
3 21
13 13
3 0 J13 40
4 7
29 14 8
5 17 !
14 (
) 4 56
13 52
4 37
13 45
4 191 13 34
3 52
3 24
3 25 13 16
3 311343
4 10
30 14 11
5 19
14 3 4 59 13 55
440
13 48
4 22 i 13 37
3 55i!l3 26l3 27 i 13 18J3 5| 13 4«|4 13
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
APRIL, Fourth Month.
AVASH1NGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING.
a
M
s
£ j •'
Sidereal Rim nt Mnnn in i
Augusta. Boston. N.York. Wash'tn. Raleigh. Cha'ston.
N. Or'ls. Snn
1
1
•3
II
Noon.
Noon Mark
Meridian.
Portland. ; Albany. Philad'a. Baltim'e.
Oregon. Chicago. Ind'polis.; St. Louis.
N'shville.
Memp's.
Savan'h.
Vicksb'g.
Mobile.
Texas.
Fr'ncisco.
\L
Days.
M
>rn -,;.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises. Rise
R
ses.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
i
91
19.3
n
20
12 3 4e
4 6
Morn.
12 0
11 56
11
51
11 44
11 38
11
:;i
11 55
2
92
2
n.:1,
11
16
12 3 3C
4 59
4
Morn.
Mori
M
orn.
Morn.
Morn.
Mo
Morn.
3
93
21.3
11
12
12 3 12 1 5 51
1 0
56
51
47
39
32
25
50
4
94
2
•2.:}
n
8 12 2 54 6 42
1 50
1 46
1 4
2
1
37
1 30
1 23
1
16
1 41
5
95
c
;;.:;
ll
4 12 2 3-
7 30
2 33
2 29
22
5
2
21
2 14
2 8
2
1
2 24
6
96
2
i.::
11
0 12 2 1£
8 17
3 10
3 7
3
3
2
59
2 53
2 48
2
42
3 3
7
97
25.3
10 56 |12 2 I
9 2
3 44
3 41
3 J
18
3
35
3 30
3 26
3 21
3 39
8
98
2
(i.:-;
10
52 12 1 4c
9 45
4 13
4 11
4
9
4
6
4 3
4 0
3
56
4 11
9
99
2
7.3
10
48 '12 1 2£
10 28
4 40
4 39
4 g
&
4
37
4 34
4 32
4
30
4 42
10
100
28.3
10
44 12 .1 12 11 10
5 7
5 7
5
C>
5
6
5 5
5 4
5
3
5 11
11
101
2
9.3
10
40 |12 0 56
11 53
5 33
5 33
5 £
4
5
34
5 35
5 35
5
36
5 40
12 103
0.6
in
37 12 0 40 EV. 36
Sets.
Sets.
Sets
8
ets.
Sets.
Sets.
8c
tB.
Sets.
13:103
1.6 10
33 12 0 25 1 21
8 20
8 18
8 16
8
13
8 9
8 5
8
1
8 17
14 104
2.6
10
29 12 0 1C
2 8
9 20
9 19
9 15
9
12
9 6
9 1
8 56
9 16
15 105
3.6
10
25
11 59 55
2 57
10 22
10 19
10 1
5
10
11
c
0 4
9 58
9
52
10 14
1(5 100
4.0
10
21
11 59 4C
3 49
11 22
11 18
11 1
3
11
10
Ll 2
10 55
10
48
11 12
17 107
5.6
10
17
11 59 2fc
4 43
Morn.
Morn.
Mon
Morn.
11 57
11 51
11
48
18108
6.6
1(1
13
11 59 13
5 38
18
14
1
0
5
Morn.
Morn.
M<
m.
8
1!) 109
7.6
10
9
11 58 5fl
6 34
1 11
1 7
1
s
58
51
44
87
1 1
20110
8.6
10
5
11 58 46
7 30
1 58
1 55
1 5
1
1
47
1 40
1 34
1
28
1 50
21 111
i.ii
10
1
11 58 34
8 26
2 41
2 39
2 3
8
2
32
2 27
2 22
2
17
2 36
22J112
1
Mi
!)
57
11 58 22
9 20
3 20
3 18
3 1
(i
8
14
3 10
3 7
3
3
3 18
23118 ! 11. 6
9
53
11 58 10
10 14
3 55
3 54
3 53
8
52
3 50
348
3
-it;
3 57
24114 ll
2.6
9
49 11 57 59
11 8
4 29
4 29
4 2
9
4
28
4 28
4 28
4
28
4 34
25 115 !l
i.ti
9
45 ill 57 48
Morn.
Rises.
Rises.
Rise
El
ses.
Rises.
Rises.
Ril
Rises.
26116 ! 14.6
9
41
11 57 38
2
7 22
7 27
7 25
7
22
7 18
7 14
7
10
7 27
27 117 I 15.6
9
38
11 57 28
56
8 40
8 37 8 34
8
30
8 25
8 20
8
14
8 34
281118 |l
(;.<;
9
34
11 57 19
1 51
9 48
9 44
9 4
0
9
36
9 29
9 23
9
16
9 29
29 119 17.0
9
30 11 57 10 2 46 i
10 49
10 45 10 40 10
36
10 28
10 21
10
11
10 39
30 120 |j 18.6
9
26 11 57 2i 3 40
11 44 11 40 11 35 11
30
11 22
11 16
11
8
11 33
MOON'S
PHASES, &c.
WASHINGTON.
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
Last Quarter
3 3 40 Ev. ?
0 39 Ev.
Venus in Pisces until the 24th, then in Aries.
^ew Moon
...11 8 39 Ev. 11
5 38 Ev.
Mars
by the Sickle all the month
.
First Quarter |19 9 58 Mo. If
Full Moon ;26 1 13 Mo. 2£
Moon in Aix><>-ee.. 8 8.1 Mo. £
6 57 Mo. !
10 12 Ev.
5.1 Mo.1!
Jupiter in Pisces all the month.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Uranus in Gemini all the month.
Moon in Perigee.. !24 2.3 Mo. 2?
11.3 Ev. ! Venus nearest Jupiter the 22d.
I
1
MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
•5 i Augx
Boston.
New York. Washington. '
Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans. !
San
1 i
Portl
and.
Albany.
Philadelpl i
i. Baltimore.
NMD
ville. |
Savat
nah.
Mobile. |
Francisco.
m
*
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapoli
i. St. Louis.
Memphis.
Ticks
)urg.
Telas.
Richmond.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins. End
s. Begins
Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Endg. | j Begins. 'Ends, j
Begins. I Ends.
6
4 0
3 49
8 7
8 16
4 88 1
3 57 8 8
4 12 7 ,'
428
»6 4 It
3 4 (
) 7 58 |
7 .V.)
4 20
4 12
7 48 i
7 53 i
4 25
4 18
7 43!
7 47
4 29 7 39
4 23 42 !
4 17 | 7 51
4 97 56
11
1C,
3 3!l 8 23
8 27l8 32
3 47 8 15
3 37 8 22
3 52 8 1
3 43 8 1
0 3 56 8 6
6 3 47 8 12 I
4 3 7 59 i
86516 41
4 11 7 51 14 16 46 i
4 37 56! 4 9 50
'4 08 2
3 51 8 8
81
3 17
8 4
1
3 27 8 30
3 34 8 5
& 3 3r
t 8 18
3 47
8 10
355
8 2! 4 2 55i
3 43 8 9
20
30
3 7
3 2
8 49
853
3 17 8 38
3 9 8 45
3 25 8 '.
3 18I8 C
0 3 31 8 24
6! 3241830
3 40,8 15|
3 34 |S 20
3 48
3 44
8 7
8 10
3 56 59
3538 l!
3 36!8 20'
3 29'8 25!
30
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
MAY, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET ; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
-j
Augusta.
Boston. j
New York.
Washington
Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
San
Port
and.
Albany. I
hilade
Iphia.
Balti
Nasl
ville.
Savannah.
Mobile.
Francisco.
)|
Bay of
Ore
'on.
Chicago.
X
udiana
polls.
St. I
,OU1«.
Mem
phis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
i
the
9
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
1
Rises.
Sets.
Rises. 1 Seta.
Rises. .
Sets.
Rises.
Seta
Rises.
Sets.
Rises. 1 Sets.
Rises.
Seta.
Rises.
Sets.
i
Sat.
4 50 7 4
4 557 0
4 59| 6 56
5 2 6 55
Jj!5 8
6 46 5 13 6 41
5 17 6 37
5 3 6 51
2 Sun.
4 49
7 5
4 537 1
4
57 (
) 57
5 1
r, 5.
J 5 7
6 47 5 12 6 42
5 16 6 38
5 2 6 52
8 Mon.
4 47
7 6
4 52 7 2
4 56 |6 58
5 0 6 54i 5 6!6 48! 5 11J6 43
5 15 i 6 39
5 Ij6 53
4Tu.
4 46
7 7
4 50 7 3
4
54 ;(
j 59
4 58
t; 5.
>! 5 4
6 49 i! 5 10|6 44
5 14 6 40
4 59
6 54
5
Wed.
4 45
7 8
4 49 7 4
4
53 r
t 0
4 57
<> ;,(
i 5 4
6 50
j 5 10 6 45
5 18
6 40
4 58
6 55
6
Th.
4 43
7 9
4 48
7 5
4 52 '
r i
4 56 16 5'
' | 6 3 6 51
5 9
6 45
5 13
6 41
4 57 6 56
7
Fri.
4 42
7 11
4 477 6
4
51 '
* 2
4 55
6 5i
* 5 2
6 52
5 8
6 46
5 12
6 42
4 56 6 57
8
Sat.
4 41
7 12
4 46
7 7
4
50 '
r 3
4 54
(i .7.
) 5 1
6 53
5 7
6 47
5 11
6 42
4 55
6 58
g
Sun.
4 39
7 13
4 45 7 8
4 49'
r 4
4 53|7 (
) 5 0
6 53
5 6
6 47
5 11
6 43
4 54
6 58
10
Mon.
4 38
7 14
4 44 7 9
4
48'
r 5
4 52
7 :
4 59
6 54
5 5
6 48
5 10
6 44
4 53
ti 59
11
Tu.
4 37
7 15
4 43
7 10
4
47 '
'' S
4 51
7 5
J| 4 58
6 55
5 5
6 49
5 9
6 44
4 52
7 0
12
Wed.
4 3(i
7 17
4 42
7 11
4
46 '
4 50
7 i
! 4 57
6 56
5 4
6 49
5 9
6 45
4 52
7 1
18
Th.
4 35
7 18
4 41
7 12
4
45 '
r s
4 49
7 4
I 4 56
6 57
5 :<
6 50
5 8
6 45
4 51
7 2
14
Fri.
4 34
7 19
4 40
7 13
4
44'
r 9
4 48
7 5 i 4 55
6 58
5 2
6 51
15 7
6 46
4 50
7 3
15
Sat.
4 32
7 20
4 39|7 14
4
43'
' 10
4 47
7 (
> 4 55
6 58
5 2
6 51
5 7
6 46
4 49
7 4
16
Sun.
4 31
7 21
4 38 7 15
4
42 '
r 11
4 46
7 r
' 4 54
6 59
5 1
6 52
5 6
6 47
4 48
7 5
n
Mon.
4 30
7 22
4 37
7 16
4
42 r
r 11
4 46
7 r
'! 4 54
7 0
5 1
6 53
5 6
(5 48
4 47
7 5
is
Tu.
4 29
7 23
4 36
7 17
4
41'
' 12
4 45
7 *
S 1 4 53
7 0
5 0
6 53
5 5
6 48
4 47
7 6
lit
Wed.
4 28
7 24
4 36
7 18
4
40r
' 13
4 44
7 f
I 4 52
7 1
5 0
6 54
5 5
6 49
446
7 7
•21 i
Th.
4 27
7 25
; 35
7 19
4
407 14
4 44
7 10 4 52
7 1
4 59
6 55
5 4
6 49
4 46
7 8
M
Fri.
4 26
7 26
4 34
7 20
4
39 r
' 15
443
7 11
»| 4 51
7 1 ! 4 58
6 55 i 5 4
6 50
4 45
7 9
•>-2
Sat.
4 25
7 27
4 33
7 21!
4
38 "
16
443
7 11
4 51
7 3 4 58
6 56
5 3
6 50
4 44
7 9
•2:,
Sun.
4 25
7 28
4 32
7 22
4
37 "
17
4 42
7 12 i 4 50
7 4 4 57
6 57
5 3
6 51
4 43 " 10
-2!
Mon.
4 24
7 29
4 32
7 x'3 4
37'
18
442
7 If
4 50
7 5 4 57
i 57
5 2
6 52
4 43 7 11
•J5
Tu.
4 23 7 30
4 31
7 24 4
86 r
19
4 41
7 14
4 49
7 6 4 56
J 58
5 2
(5 52
4 42i7 12
26
Wed.
4 22
7 31
4 30
7 25
4
35'
19
4 40
7 i:
i 4 48
7 6 | 4 56
i 58
5 1
(i 53
4 42 7 13
27
Th.
4 21
7 32
4 29
7 26
4
35 "
20
440
7 11
1 448
7 7 4 55
6 59
5 1
6 53
4 41
7 13
28
Fri.
4 21
7 33
4 29
7 27
4
34 '
21
4 39
7 11
i 4 47
7 8 4 55
7 0
5 1
6 54
4 41
7 14
29! Sat.
4 20
7 34
4 28
7 28i|4 34J7 22 i
4 39:7 17il 4 47
7 8 4 55
7 0
5 0
6 54
4 40
7 15
30 Sun.
4 20
7 35
4 27
7 28 ! I 4
33-
23
4 38
7 1*
'446
7 9! 4 54
7 1
5 06 55
4 40 7 1<;
31: Mon.
4 19 7 36
4 2(5 7 29 | 4
32 •"
23
4 37J7 18!! 4 46
7 9 4 54
715 Olf» 55'
4 4017 16
LENGTH AND INCREASE OF
DATS.
.d
, Augusta.
| Boston.
New York.
' Washington.
Raleigh.
Charlcstown.
New Orleans.
San
1
Portland.
i Albany.
Ph lade
Iphia.
Ualtimor
Nashvil
e.
Savannah.
Mobile.
Francisco.
a
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indian
ipolis.
St. Louis
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas. |
Richmond.
I
1 L'th. Incr.
! L'th. Incr.
L'th.
!ncr.
j I L'th. j In
L'th. i Incr.
L'th. Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
i
14 13 5 22
14 55 1
13 57
4 42
13 50 4
34
13 39 3
57
13 28 3 29
13 20 3 7 13 4™8;4 15
8
! 14 18 5 27
14 10|5 6
14 2 4 47
13 54 4
28
13 43 4
1 i
13 32 3 33
13 24 3 11! [13 524 191
5
14 24 5 32
.14 1515 11
14 7
4 52
13 59 4
13 47 4
5
13 35 3 36
13 27 3 14!
13 57 4 24
14 29 5 37
14 19 5 15
14 11
4 56
14 34
37
13 50 4
8
13 38 3 39
13 30 3 17!
14 1428
9
14 34 5 42
114 235 19 || 14 15
5 0 H14 7l4
11
13 54 4
12!
13 41
3 42
13 32 3 19
14 4 4 31
11
14 38 '5 47
14 2
- 5 23
; 14 19
5 4| 14 11|4
15
13 57,4
15
13 44
3 45
13 35 3 22
14 8!4 .35
18
14 43 i 5 52
143
5 27
14 23
5 8
! 14 15'4
1!)
14 14
19
13 47
3 48
13 37 3 24
14 111 4 38
15
14 47 5 56
'14 3
'•> 5 31
14 2"
5 12
14 18'4
-•>
14 4'4
22
13 49 3 50
13 39 3 26
14 15 4 42
17
14 52 6 1
11 39 5 35
14 30
5 15
14 21 4
55
14 7j4
25
13 52 3 53
13 42 3 29! 14 184 45
1!)
14 56 6 5
!14 42 5 38
14 34
5 191! 14 244
58
14 9'4
27
13 54 3 55
13 44:3 31 14 21! 4 48
15 069
114 46 5 42
14 37
5 22
14 2715
I
14 12 4
30 13 57 3 58
13 46 3 33 14 24 4 51
2;3
15 4'6 12
'14 505 46j 14 40
5 25
114 305
i
14 15 4
33 14 04 1
13 48 3 35 14 27 4 54
25 i 15 7 6 Hi
!14 53 5 4!)
14 43
5 2.1*
114 33 5
7
14 17 4
35
14 24 3
13 503 37: 14 304 57
27 1 1 15 11 6 20
14 57 5 53
14 46 5 31
ri4 36 5
10
14 20 4
38
14 44 5
13 523 39; 14 32! 4 59
29 ! 15 14 6 23
15 05 56 14 49:5 34! 14 39 5
13
14 22 4
40 14 54 6
13 543 41! 14 355 2
31 i 15 17 6 26
!15 35 59| 14 52i5 37
14 41 5
15
14 24 4 42 14 7!4 8 13 55:3 42,14 41.5 8
1869.]
ASTEONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
31
MAY, Fifth Month.
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING.
1
1
-W . i SiH
Moon
Augusta.
Boston, i N. York. Wash'tn. ' Raleigh. Cha'ston. ' N. Or' s.
San
1
•s
i
•s
IP
Noon.
Noon Mark.
Meridis
" Portland.
"• Oregon.
Albany.
Chicago.
Philad'a.
Ind'polis.
Baltm'e. N'shville. Savan'h.
St. Louis. Memp's. : Vicksb'g.
Mob le.
Texas.
Fr'ncisco.
i
1
Day.
Morn'g.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
1'121 10.15
9
22
U 5B 54
"4 M
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
M
ra.
Morn.
Morn.
11
56
Morn.
2 122 20.6
9
is
11 56 47
5 2-1
30
26
21
17
10
3
Mo
20
3 123 21.6
9
14
11 56 41
6 1-.
,
1 10
1 7
1 3
59
52
46
10
1
2
4124 22.6
9
10
11 56 35
6 ot
!
1 45
1 42
1 39
1
86
1 30'
1 25
1
20
1
40
5 125 ; 23.6
9
6
11 56 29
1 42
2 16
2 13
2 11
2
8
2 4
2 0
1
2 13
(j 126 i 24.6
9
2
11 50 25
8 2'
2 44
2 43
2 41
2
89
2 36
2 34
2
11
I
J 44
7 127 ! ; 25.6
8
58
11 56 20
9 "
3 11
3 10
3 9
8
8
3 7
3 5
3
4
!
5 14
8 128 j 26.6
8 54
Q .tn
11 56 17
9 4!)
3 36
4n
3 36
3 36
3
36
3 36
3 36
3
[6
3 42
9 129 1 1 27.6
10 130 28.6
8
uu
1C,
11 56 14
11 56 11
11 17
A
4 31
4 33
4 35
4
36
4 39
4 42
4
45
4 43
11 131 ] 0.0
8
42
11 56 9
Ev. 4
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
13
Sets.
Sets.
Be
s.
s
sets.
12132!! 1.0
8
39
11 56 8
53
8 15
8 12
8 8
8
4
7 58
7 52
7
16
8 8
13
1 33
2.0
8
35
11 56 7
1 4r
9 16
9 12
9 8
9
4
8 56
8 50
8
43
i
) 7
14 134
3.0
8
31
11 56 7
2 3!
10 15
10 11
10 7
10
•>
9 54
9 48
9
10
1(
) 5
15 135
4.0
8 27
11 56 8
3 34
11 10
11 6
11 2
10
57
10 49
10 42
10
35
11 0
16 136
5.0
8
23
11 56 9
4 3C
11 59
11 55 11 51
11
47
11 40
11 34
11
27
1]
50
17 137
6.0
8
19
11 56 10
5 21
Morn.
Morn. Morn.
M
>rn.
Morn.
Morn.
Mo
1
IS : 138
7.0
8
15
11 56 12
6 20
43
40
36
33
27
22
16
°37
19 139
8.0
8
11
11 56 15
7 14
1 21
1 19
1 16
1
1 1
1 9
1 5
1
1
1
18
20
140
9.0
8
7
11 56 18
8 (.
1 57
1 55
1 54
1
52
1 49
1 47
1
11
]
57
21
141 10.0
8
3
11 56 21
8 58
O Of)
2 29
2 28
2
28
2 27
2 2(>
2
25
2 33
22112 11.0
7
59
11 56 26
9 5(
3 ~2
3 2
3 3
3
3
3 ~4
3 5
3
6
i
5 10
•23143 12.0
7
r>r,
11 58 30
10 43
3 34
3 35
3 37
3 38
3 41
3 43
3 46
3 45
24 144 13.0
7
51
11 56 35
11 3"
4 10
4 12
4 14
4
17
4 21
4 25
4
29
i
I 24
25
145 i i 14.0
7
47
11 56 41
Morn
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Hi
868.
Rises.
Rises.
His
88.
X
ises.
21 i
146
15.0
44
11 56 47
32
8 33
8 29
8 24
8
20
8 13
8 7
7
59
j
J 23
27
147
16.0
40
11 56 54
1 2"
9 32
9 28
9 23
9
IS
9 10
9 4
8
56
1
) 21
28
148
17.0
'
36
11 57 1
2 *}
10 23
10 19
10 15
10
10
10 2
9 55
9
18
10 13
29
149
18.0
•
3-J
11 57 9
3 14
11 7
11 3
10 59
10
55
10 48
10 42
10
35
1(
) 59
30
150
19.0
28
11 57 17
4 4
11 45
11 42
11 38
11
34
11 28
11 23
i;
17
11 38
31 151 20.0
'
24 11 57 25
4 52
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
M
>rn.
Morn.
12 0
11
55 Morn.
MOON'S
PHASES. <l-c.
WASHINGTON.
SAN
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
Last Quarter..
3 8 33 Mo.
1
3 "5 32 Mo.
Venus in Aries until the 18th. then in Taurus.
New Moon.. . .
..111 10 59 Mo.
11 7 58 Mo. ! Mars by the Sickle all the month.
First Quarter..
. . . 18 4 21 Ev.
!l8 1 20 Ev. Jupiter in
Ai'ies all the month.
Full Moon
..25 10 15 Mo.
25 7 14 Mo. Saturn in £
k'orpio all the mo
nth.
Moon in Apogee.. 6 0.5 Mo.
5 9.5 Ev. Uranus in
Gemini all the month.
Moon in Perigee..] 21 4.5 Ev.
121 1.5 Ev.
MEAN TIME
OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
•=
Augusta.
Boston.
New York. TV ash ngton.
Raleigh.
Charleston.
1 New Orleans.
Si.
n
g
Portland.
Albany.
Philade
Iphia. Bait more.
Nashville.
Savannah.
Mot
lie.
Franc
ieco.
•8
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indiana
polis. St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Tex
as.
Richmond.
I
Begins.! Ends.
Begins. 1 Ends.
Begins.
Ends. Begins. Ends.
Begins. I Ends.
Begins. 1 Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
1
2 55 8 59
3 718 47
3 i« 8 38 3 22! 8 32 3 32 8 21
3 43 8 11
3 51 !8 3
3 27
S *J*
6
2 45 9 8
2 58 8 56
3 8
8 46 3 14 i8 40! 3 268 28
3 37 8 17
3 45
S '.1
3 20
8 34
11
2 34 9 18
2 51 9 4
3 0
8 54 3 6 8 47 3 19 8 34
3 31 8 22 3 40
S 11
3 12
8 40
16
. 2 25 9 28
2 42 9 12
2 52 9 2 2 598 54 3 138 41
1 3 268 28 i 3 36 8 19
3 6
8 47i
21
' 2 16 9 37
2 33 9 20
2 44
99 2 52 9 1 ! 3 7 8 47
; 3 21 8 32 1 3 32
S 23
2 59
8 54
2 7 9 46
2 24 9 28
2 37
9 16 2 46 9 7 3 2 8 51
3 17 8 36
3 28
8 26
2 54
8 59
•ii
2 0,9 55
2 15 9 35
2 3i;9 22 2 429 12| 2 588 56 i
3 14 8 40
3 25 8 29
2 509 4
32
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809.
JUNE, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND
SUN-SET ; FOB SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
Augusta.
Boston.
New York, i
Wi
shington.
Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
San
•fi
B
Portland.
Albany.
P
liladolp
ia.
B
i timore.
Nashville.
Savannah.
Mob le.
Francisco.
I
•
Day of
the
Oregon.
Chicago. |
Indianapolis.
St. Lou s.
Memphis.
Vieksburg.
Texas.
Riot mond.
1
%
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
1
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
11
ses. Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises, i Sets.
1
Tu.
4 IS 7 37
4 26(7 30
i
327
24
4 37
7 19
4 41
7 10
4 54 7 2
5 0|6 56
4 39:7 17
•J
Wed.
4 18 7 37
4 25
7 31
4
31 7
25
4 37
7 19
4 45
7 10
4 53 7 2
4 59,6 56
4 39 7 18
:5
Th.
4 17 7 38
4 25
7 32
4
31:7
26
4
',(',
7 20
4 45
7 11
4 53:7 3
4 59! 6 57
4 39:7 18
4
Fri.
4 17
7 39!
4 24
7 32
t
30 7
26
4
56
7 20
4 45
7 11
4 537 3
4 59 6 57
4 39 7 19
5
Sat.
4 17
7 40
4 24
7 33
4
30
7
37
4 36
7 21
4 45
7 12
4 537 4
4 59 6 58
4 38 7 19
6
Sun.
4 16
41
4 23
7 33
4
29
7
21
4
;:,
7 21
4 44
7 12
4 52 7 4
4 59
6 58
4 38 7 20
^
Mon.
4 16
41
4 23
7 34
1
2!)
7
2*
4
55
7 22
4 44
7 13
4 52 7 5
4 59
6 58
4 38 7 20
8
Tu.
4 16
42
4 23
7 35
1
29
7
>U
4 35
7 23
4 44
7 14
4 52
7 5
4 59
6 59
4 37
7 21
9
Wed.
4 16
42
4 22
7 35
4
28
7
29
4
34
7 23
4 43
7 14
4 52
7 6
4 59
6 59
4 37
7 21
to
Th.
4 15
43
4 22
7 36
1
2,s
7
SO
4
54
1 24
4 43
7 15
4 527 6
4 59
7 0
4 37
7 21
11
Fri.
4 15
43
4 22
7 36
1
28
7 30
4 34
7 24
4 43
7 15
4 52 7 7
4 59
7 0
4 37
7 22
1-2
Sat'.
4 15
7 44
4 22
7 37
4
28
7
31
4
5!
7 25
4 43
7 16
4 527 7
4 59
7 0
4 37
7 22
13
Sun.
4 15
7 44
4 oo
7 37 |
4
28 1 7
31
4
54
7 25
4 43
7 16
4 52 7 8
4 59
7 1
4 37
7 23
14
Moii.
4 15
7 45
4 22
7 38
4
28 7 32
4 34
7 26
4 43
7 16
4 52 7 8
4 59
7 1
4 37
7 23
15
Tu.
4 15
7 46
4 22
7 38
1
28
7
52
4
]!
7 2(5
4 43
7 16
4 527 8
4 59
7 1
4 37
7 23
16
Wed.
4 15
7 46
4 22
7 38
1
28
7
!2
4 ,
54
7 26
4 43
7 17
4 527 9
4 59
7 2
4 37
7 24
17 Th.
4 15
7 46
4 22
7 39l
4
28
7 33
4 34
7 27
4 43
7 18
4 52 7 9
4 59
7 2
437
7 24
18 Fri.
4 15 7 47
4 22
7 39
4
28
7
53
4 -
i!
7 27
4 43
7 18
4 52 7 9
4 59
7 2
4 38 7 24
19
Sat.
4 15 7 47 !
4 -2-2
7 39
•1
28
7
53
4 «
51
7 27
4 43
7 18
452
7 9
4 59
7 2
4 38J7 25
211
Sun.
4 15J7 47!|4 22
7 39
4
2S
7 33
4 34
7 27
4 43
7 18
4 52
7 10
4 59
7 3
4 3817 25
21
Mou.
4 15|7 48
4 23
7 39
4
29
7
H
4 ,
!.-,
7 28
4 44
7 19
4 53
7 10
4 59
7 3
4 38
7 25
•2-2
Tu.
4 16 7 48
4 23
7 39
4
29
7 34
4 35
7 28
4 44
7 19
4 53 7 10
4 59
7 3
4 38
7 25
•>:>>
Wed.
4 16 7 48
4 23
7 40!
4
29
7
11
4 «
55
7 28
4 44
7 19
4 53 7 10
4 59
7 3
4 39
7 26
•2\
Th.
4 167 48;
4 23
7 40 [
4
oi)
7
H
4 :
$5
7 28
4 44
7 19
4 53 7 10
5 0
7 4
4 39 7 26
25
Fri.
4 16 7 48 !
4 23
7 40!
1
29
7
51
4 ,
55
7 29
4 44
7 20
4 53 7 11
5 0
7 4
4 39 7 26
26
Sat.
4 17! 7 48
4 23
7 40 1
4
29
7 35
4 35
7 29
4 44
7 20
4 53
7 11
5 0
7 4
4 39
7 26
27
Sun.
4 17 7 48
4 24
7 40
4
:!()
7
i.-,
4 J
56
7 29
4 45
7 20
4 54
7 11
5 0
7 4
4 40
7 26
2S
Mon.
4 18 7 48
4 24
7 40 i
4
30
735|
4 ;
!<i
7 29
4 45
7 20
4 54
7 11
5 1
7 4
4 40 7 26
29
Tu.
4 18 7 48
4 24
7 40
4
30
7
r>
4 ;
if,
7 29
4 45
7 20
4 54
7 11
5 1
7 4
4 41 7 26
30
Wed.
4 19 7 48
4 25
7 40
4
31
735,!
4 37
7 29 | 4 46
7 20
4 55l7 11
5 1
7 4
4 41 17 26
LENGTH
AND INCREASE OF DATS.
•5 ! Augusta.
Boston.
New York.
Washir
gton.
Raleigh. Charleston.
New Orleans.
San
§
Portland.
Albany. PI iladc
Iphia.
Baltin
ore.
Nashville.
Savannah.
Mobi e.
Francisco.
^
•-
Oregon.
Chicago. Indiana
polls.
St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmord.
£
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
lucr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th. | Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
L'th.
Incr.
i
15 18
6 27
15
16 6 14 53
5 38
14 42
5 16 1
4 25
143J14 8
4 9 18 56
3 43
14 3S
5 5
3
15 21
6 2!)
15 76 3 14 55
5 40
14 44
5 18 1
4 27
i 45 j 14 10
4 11
13 58
3 45
14 3!)
5 6
5
15 23
(i 32
15
Mi 5
14 57
5 42
14 45
5 19 1
4 28
i 46:! 14 11
4 12!
13 59
3 46
14 41
5 8
7
15 25
6 34
15 1
1 6 7
14 59
5 44
14 47
5 21 1
4 30
i 48! ! 14 13
4 14!
13 59
3 46
14 42
5 9
9
15 27
6 35
15 13 6 9
15 1
5 46
14 49
5 23 1
4 31
i 49|il4 14
4 15!
14 0
3 47
14 44
5 11
11
15 28
6 37
15 14 6 10
15 2
5 47
14 50
5 24 1
4 32
I 50 14 15
4 16
14 1
3 48
14 45
5 12
13
15 29
6 38
15 15 6 11
15 3
5 48
14 51
5 25 1
4 33
t 51 j 14 16
4 17
14 2
3 49
14 46
5 13
15
15 31
6 39
15 16 6 12
15 4
5 49
14 52
5 26 1
4 34
t 52 ! 14 16
4 17
14 2
3 49
14 46
5 13
17
15 32
6 40
15 17 6 13
15 5
5 50
14 53
5 26 1
4 35
1 53 i 14 17
4 18
14 3
3 50
14 47
5 14
19
15 32
6 40
15 17 i 6 13
15 5
5 50
14 53
5 26 1
4 35
t 53 i 14 17
4 18
14 3
3 50 114 47
5 14
21
15 32
Dor.
15 1
7 Dcr.
15 5
Dcr.
14 53
Dcr. J
4 35
Dcr.
14 17
Dcr.
14 3
Dcr. 14 47
Dcr.
23
15 32
0 0
15 17 0 0
15 5
0 0
14 53
0 0 1
4 35
) o [
14 17
0 0! 14 3
0 0 14 47
G 01
25
15 31
0 1
15 17 0 0
15 5
0 0
14 53
0 0 1
4 35
J 0 14 17
0 0 14 3
0 0
14 47
0 0
27
15 31
0 1
15 16 0 1
15 4
0 1
14 53
0 0 1
4 35
3 0 !
14 17
0 0
14 3
0 0
14 46
0 ll
29
15 30
0 2
15 16 0 1
15 4
0 1
14 53
0 0 ]
4 35
1 0 14 17
0 0|14 8
0 0
14 45
0 2
;:o
15 29 0 3 15 15 0 2 15 3
0 2
14 52
0 1 ]
4 34
J 1 i 14 16
0 ill 14 3
0 0 14 45
0 2
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
JUNE, Sixth Month.
33
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN. | MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING.
.e Month.
i
a
L
§ i
Sid
ereal
Sun at
Moon in AuSusta-
Boston, j N.York. Wash'tn. Raleigh.
Cha'ston.
N. Or'ls.
Mob le.
San
•s
£
•S
'a
N
oon.
No
in Mun:
Meridian.
Oregon.
Chicago.
Ind'polis. ; St. Louis.
Fr'ncisoo.
p
ft
Days.
Morn'g.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
1
152
21.0
7
20 ill
57 34 5 37
17
15
12
9
4
Morn.
J orn.
13
2153
22.0
7
16
11
57 43 6 21
47
45
4
3
41
38
35
31
4(5
3154
23.0
7
12
11
57 53 7 3
1 13
1 12
1 10
1
9
1 7
1 5
1
3
-
I 14
4
155
24.0
7
8
11
58 3 7 45
1 39
1 39
1 3
8
1
38
1 37
1 37
1
36
( 43
5
156
25.0
7
4
1!
58 14 8 27
2 4
2 4
2
5
2
5
2 6
2 7
2
8
;
i 12
6
157
26.0
7
0
11
58 24
9 11
2 32
2 33
2 35
2
36
2 39
2 41
2
48
2 43
7
158
27.0
(5
56
11
58 a-
9 57
3 2
3 3
3
;
3
8
3 12
3 15
3
19
3 16
8
159
28.0
6
52
n
58 4"
10 45
3 35'
3 38
3 4
l
3
44
3 49
3 54
3
59
J 52
9
160
29.01 6
48
li
58 58 11 36
4 13
4 17
4 21
4
25
4 31
4 37
4
13
4 33
10
161
0.5
6
15
11
59 10 1 EV. si
Sets.
Sets.
Sets
a
2tS.'
Sets.
Sets.
Se
ts.
3et«.
11
162
1.5
6
11
n
59 23 1 27
9 3
9 0
8 5
5
8
40
8 42
8 36
8
28
3 53
12
163
2.5 6
37
11
59 35
2 24
9 56
9 53
9 48
9
44
9 37
9 30
9
28
9 47
13
1(54
3.5
6
33
11
59 4r
3 22
10 43
10 40
10 3
;
10
32
10 26
10 20
10
] 4
1
) 36
14
Ifi5
4.5 i 6
29
12
0 (
4 17
11 24
11 21
11 18
11
15
11 10
11 6
1 1
1
11 19
15
166
5.5
6
25
12
0 13 5 11
12 0
11 59
11 5
7
11
55
11 51
11 48
11
45
1
1 59
16
167
6.5
(i
2\
12
0 26: 6 3
Morn.
Morn.
Morn
if
}rn.
Morn.
Morn.
Mo
1
[orn.
17
168
(i
17
12
0 38! 6 54
83
32
31
30
29
27
26
36
18
109
8^5
6
13
12
0 51
7 45
1 5
1 5
1
>
1
5
1 6
1 6
1
6
t 12
19
170
9.5 6
9
12
1 4
8 36
1 37
1 38
1 39
1
41
1 42
1 44
1
46
1 47
20 171
10.5
6
5
12
1 17 9 28
2 8
2 10
2 1
2
2
15
2 18
2 21
g
25
2 22
21 172
11.5
6
1
12
1 30 10 21
2 44
2 47
2 5
0
2
53
2 58
3 3
3
8
3 1
22 173
12.5
5 57
12
1 43 11 15
3 23
3 27
3 31
3
35
3 41
3 47
3
53
343
23 174
13.5
5
53
12
1 56 Morn.
Rises.
Rises. '
Rises
Ri
see.
Rises.
Rises.
RU
es.
F
ises.
24175
14.5
5
49
12
2 8
10
8 13
8 10
8 5
8
0
7 52
7 46
7
38
3 3
25117(5
15.5
5
id
12
2 21
1 3
9 2
8 58
8 5
1
8
49
8 42
8 35
8
28
.
3 52
26il77
16.5
5
42
12
2 34
1 55
9 42
9 39
9 3
5
9
31
9 24
9 18
9
12
) 34
27178
17.5
5
38
12
2 46
2 44
10 18
10 15
10 12
10
8
10 3
9 58
9
53
1013
28
179
18.5
5
34
12
2 58 3 31
10 49
10 47
10 4
1
10
42
10 38
10 34
10
80
1
J 46
29
180
19.5
5
30
12
3 101 4 16
11 15
11 14
11 1
2
ii
11
11 8
11 6
11
3
1
1 16
30 181
20.5
5
26 12
3 22i 4 59
11 41
11 40 11 39
11
39 11 37
11 36
11
35
11 43
MOON'S
PHASES, &c.
WASHINGTON.
SAN
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
Last Quarter
2
2 13 Mo.
1 11 12 Ev.
Venus in
Taurus until the llth, then in
New Moon.
9
10 44 Ev
9 7 43 Ev.
Gei
nini.
First Quarter
16
9 7Ev. 1
6 6 6 Ev.
Mars
in Leo, east of the Sickle.
Full Moon.
2'!
8 31 Ev. 2
3 5 30 Ev.
Jupit
er in
Aries all the mouth.
Moon in Apogee..
2
6.8 Ev.
2 3.8 Ev.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Moon in Per
i'_-<
e..
16
4.7 Mo. 1
6 1.7 Mo.
Uran
is in
Gemini all the month.
Moon in Apogee..
50
1.2 Ev. 3
0 10.2 Mo.
Saturn brightest this month.
MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
I
Augusta.
Portland
Boston.
Albany.
Philade phia. Baltimore.
Raleigh.
Nashville.
Charleston.
Savannah.
New Orleans.
Mobile.
San
"
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
1
B'g
. Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. Ei
ds. Begins
Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins.; Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
1
1 59 9 5(5
2 17
9 37
2 329
23 2 41
9 13
2 57
8 57
3 13 8 41
3 24 8 31
2 49
9 5
6
11
1 68 10
1 49110
4
9
2 13
2 10
9 43
9 48
2 29 9
2 269
27 2 38 9 18
32 1 2 86 9 22
2 54
2 53
9 1
9 5
3 11 8 45
3 10 8 48
3 23 8 34
3 22 8 37
2 46
2 45
9 10
9 14
16
1 47J10 14
2 8
9 52 I 2 25 9
35 2 3f
> 9 25
2 52 9 71
3 10 8 50
3 22 8 39
2 43
9 16
21 11 47110 16
26 Hi 49^10 16
30 jl 52|lO 44
2 8
2 9
2 10
9 54
9 55
9 55
2 259
2 279
2 29 9
37 | 2 a-
38 i 2 3(
37 2 &
>9 27
> 9 28
J9 27
2 5219 9
2 5319 11
2 55|9 10
3 10 8 52 i i 3 22 8 41
3118 53 i ! 3 23 8 41 i
3 128 53 ii 3 24,8 42 |
2 43
2 44
246
9 18
9 20
9 19
34
THE AMERICAN YEAE-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809.
JULY, 1869.
MEAN TIME OP SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
i
Augusta.
Boston. New York.
Washington.
Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.'! San
I
Day of
Portland.
Oregon.
Albany.
Chicago.
jrmiaueipma.
Indianapolis.
Baltimore. 1
St. Louis.
Nashville.
Memphis.
Yicksburg.
Texas.
rranciseu.
Richmond.
i
the
V
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
I
Rises.! Sots.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
JeU.
Rises.
Be
n.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.! Sets.
1
Th.
4 19 7 48
4 25
7 40
4 3l'i7 34
4
377 29
4 46 7 20
4 55
7 11
5 1
7 4
4 41 7 26
2
Fri.
4 20 7 48
4 26
7 40
4 32 7
84
4
37
7
4 46
7 20
4 55
7 11
IS 1
7 4
4 42
7 26
8
Sat,
4 20 7 47
4 27
7 40
4 337
4
387 29
4 47
7 20
4 56
7 11
5 1
7 4
4 42
7 25
4
Sun.
4 21 7 47
4 27
7 39
4 33 i 7
83
4
38
7
IS
4 47
7 19
4 56
7 11
5 2
7 4
4 43
7 25
6
Mon.
4 22 7 47
4 28 7 39
4 347
88
4
89
7 {
M
448
7 19
457
7 11
5 2
7 4
4 43
7 24
(i
Tu.
4 22 1 7 46
4 29
7 39
4 357
88
4
40
7 •
>8
4 48
7 19
4 57
7 11
5 3
7 4
4 44
7 24
7
Wed.
4 23 1 7 46
4 29
7 39
4 35 7
88
4
40
7 -
Is
4 49
7 19
4 58
7 11
5 4
7 4
4 44
7 24
6
Th.
4 24
7 46
4 30
7 38
4 36 7
82
4
41
7 i
>7
4 50
7 18
4 58
" 10
5 4
7 4
4 45
7 23
9
Fri.
4 25
7 45
4 31
7 38
4 377
82
4
42
7 27 1
4 51
7 18 1 4 59
~ 10
5 5
7 4
4 46
7 23
10
Sat.
4 25
7 45
4 32
7 38
4 377
82
4
42
7 i
>7
4 52
7 18 1 : 5 0
7 10
IS 5
7 3
4 47
7 23
11 Sun.
4 26
7 44
4 33
7 37
4 38 7
4
48
726
4 52
7 18 6 0 7 10
5673
4 48
7 22
12 Mon.
4 27
7 44
4 33
7 37
4 89 7
81
4
•1!
7 '*
>6
4 53
7 17 5 1
795673
4 48
7 22
13
Tu.
4 28
7 43
4 34
7 36
4 40 7
30
4
15
7 ',
>5
4 53
7 17 5 1
7957
7 ai
4 49 7 ' 22
M
Wed.
4 29
7 42
4 35
7 36
4 407
80
4
15
7 25
4 54
7 17 j 5 27 9 5 8
7 2
4 50J7 21
15
Th.
4 30 7 42
4 36
7 35
4 41 7
29
4
46
7 5
J4 4 55
7 16 ! 5 3
7 8
5 8
7 2
4 51 7 21
16
Fri.
4 30 7 41
4 37
7 34
4 42 '"
29
4
17
7 '
*4 455
7 16 i 5 3
7 8
5 9
7 2
4 52
7 20
17 Sat.
4 31
7 40
437
734
4 43 "
28
4
48
7 '
>3
4 56
7 15 5 4
7 8
5 10
7 1
4 52 7 19
18 Sun.
4 32
7 39
4 387 33 4 44 i"
as
4
497 23
4 57 7 15 i. 5 4^7 7
5 10
7 1
453
7 19
19 1 Mon.
4 33
7 39
4 39 7 32 4 45:'"
27
4 50 j 7 22
458
7 14 5 5i7 7
5 11
7 0
4 54
7 18
20 Tu.
4 34
7 38
4 40
7 32: 4 45 7
26
4
51)
7 5
>1
4 58
7 13 |5 5
7 6
5 11
7 0
4 55
7 17
21 Wed.
4 35 7 '37
4 41
7 31 4 46:7
26
4
51
7 '
1
4 59
7 13 5 6
7 6
5 12
6 59
4 55
7 16,
22
Th.
4 36
7 36
4 42
7 30: 4 47^7
25
4
52
7 '
0
5 0
7 12 iS 7
7 5
5 12
6 59
4 56
7 16
23
Fri.
4 37
7 35
4 43
7 29
4 48 7
24
4
53 7 19
5 0
7 12 |S 7
7 5
5 13 6 58
4 57
7 15
24 Sat.
4 38
7 34
4 44
7 28
4 49^7
23
4
53
7
8
5 1
7 11 5 8
7 4
5 13 6 57
4 58
7 14
25 Sun.
4 39
7 33
4 45 7 27
4 50 7
22
!
54
7
7
5 1
7 10 15 8
7 3
5 14
6 57
4 59
7 13
26 Mon.
4 40
7 32
4 4li 7 26 4 51 7
21
4
55 7 1
5 2
7 10 5 9
7 3
5 14
6 56 i 4 59
7 13
27
Tu.
4 41
7 31
4 47
7 25 4 52 7
20
4
56
7 1
6
5 3
7 9 5 10
7 2
5 15 6 55 | 5 0
7 12
28
Wed.
4 43
7 30
4 48
7 24 4 52 7
19
4
56
7
5 ;!5 4
7 8 ilS 11
7 1
5 16 6 55 5 1
7 11
29 Th.
4 44
7 28
4 49 7 23 4 53 7
18
4
577 14! 5 4J7 7-J5 11
7 0
5 166 64 5 2
7 10
30 Fri.
4 45
7 27
4 50 7 22 4 54 7
18
4
58
7 1
455
7 7 15 12
7 0
5 17 6 54 ! 5 3 6 9
31 'Sat.
4 46 7 26 4 51 7 21 4 55 7
17 i
4
591713 5 6|7 6 ' 5 13 6 59 5 18 6 53 '! 5 3'6 8
LENGTH AND
DECREASE OF
DAYS.
|
Augusta.
Portland.
Boston.
Albany.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Washington.
Baltimore.
Raleigh.
Nashville.
Charlestown.
Savannah.
New Orleans.1! San
Mobile. i Francisco.
£
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
St. L
mid
Memph
s.
Vicksburg.
Texas. Richmond.
j?
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th. i Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th. Dcr.
L'th.
Der.
L'th.
Dcr. ; L'th.
Dcr.
~*
l
15 280 4 15 140 3
! 15 3'0 2
14 52 0
i
14 3*4 0
1 j
14 16 0 1
14 30 0 14 45 0 2
8
15 27 0 5 15 130 4 115 2|0 3
14 51
0
2
1 14 33 0
2 ;
14 15
[) 2
14 30 0 14 430 4
5
15 250 7 15 11 0 6 15 l!o 4
14 49'0
4
14 32 0
8
14 14 0 3
14 2!0 1 1441JO 6
7
15 230 9 :15 90 8 14 59:0 6
1447
0
6
114 300
5!
14 13
D 4
14 00 2 14 40 0 7
9
15 230121 15 7;010i1457|0 8
1 14 45
0
8
5 14 28 0
7
14 11 0 6
13 590 4 14 37 0 10
11
15 18 '0 14 IS 4018 1464011
1 14 43
0
10
14 26 0
9i
14 10
[) 7
13 57,0 6 14 34 0 13
13
15 150 17 15 20 15 14 61 0 14
14 40 '0
13
14 24 0
11
14 80 9
13 5( 0 7 14 320 15
15
15 12 0 20 14 59 0 18 14 48 0 17
1 14 38
(1
15
14 220
13 i 14 6
0 11 18 540 9 14 30iO 17
17
15 9 0 23 |14 56 0 21 j 14 45 0 20
14 35,0
is
14 200
15 i 14 4 0 13 13 51 0 12 14 27 0 20
19
15 5]0 27
14 530 24 M 14 42|0 23
14 32
0
l\
14 17 0
18
14 2
0 15 13 490 14 14 240 23
21
15 2 0 30 14 50 0 27 i , 14 39 0 26
14 29 0 24
14 15 0
20;
14 00 171113 470 16 14 21 0 26
28
14 58 0 34 1 14 46 0 81 14 36 0 29
14 26
0
27
14 12 0
23 13 58
0 19 18 45 0 18 14 18 0 29
25
1 14 54 0 38 14 42 0 .35 j 14 32 0 33
14 23
0
50
H4 90
26 13 55
0 22 J13 43 0 20 14 14 0 33
27
14 49 0 43 14 38 0 39 ' ! 14 29 '0 36
14 20
0
83
'14 60
29
13 52
0 25 13 40 0 23 14 12 0 35
29
14 45 0 47 14 34 0 43 ! i 14 25 !0 40
14 170
•56
J14 30
32 i 1 13 49 0 28 ;13 38 0 25 14 8 0 39
31 14 40 0 52 14 30 0 47 14 22 0 43
14 140
39
14 00
35 i 13 46 0 31 13 35 0 28 14 5 0 42
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
JULY, Seventh Month.
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND
SETTING.
4
.
1
J
I
-p ^ Si,lprp!Ll
Sun at
Moon i
Augusta.
Boston.
N. York.
Wash'tn. ! Raleigh. Cha'ston.
N. 0
r'li.
a.«
1
T
1
1"
Noon.
Noon Mark
Meridian.
Portland.
Oregon.
Albany.
Chicago.
Philad'a.
Ind' polls.
Baltim'c.
St. Louis.
N'shville. Savan'h.
Memp's. Vicksb'g.
Mobile.
Texas.
Fr'neiseo.
Q
1
Day.
Morn's-
Morninj.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rses.
Rises.
1
182
21.5
5
22
12 3 34
5 40
Mora.
Morn.
Morm.
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Ho
m.
]
lorn.
2
183
22.5
5
18
12 3 45
6 22
7
7
7
7
8
8
S
14
:>,
184
23.5
5
14
12 3 56
7 5
33
34
35
36
38
39
11
43
4
185
24.5
B
10
12 4 7
7 49
1 1
1 3
1 5
1 7
1 10
1 13
1
16
•
I 14
5
180i
25.5
5
(i
12 4 17
8 36
1 33
1 35
1 38
1 41
1 45
1 49
1
54
•
L 49
6
187
20.5
5
2
12 4 27
9 25
2 13
2 16
2 19
2 23
2 29
2 34
2
10
i 31
7 188 ! 27.5
4
58
12 4 37
10 18
2 49
2 53
2 57
3 1
3 8
3 14
8
21
J 10
8
189 i 28.5
4
r>4
12 4 47
11 14
3 39
3 43
3 47
3 52
4 0
4 6
4
11
t
1 1
91901 0.1
4
50
12 4 5(
EV. 13
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
10
191
1.1
4
4(1
12 5 4
1 11
8 37
8 34
8 30
8 25
8 18
8 IS
8
(i
B 29
11
192
2.1
4
48
12 5 13
2 9
9 22
9 20
9 16
9 13
9 7
9 2
8
57
) 17
12 193
3.1
4
39
12 5 20
3 5
10 1
9 59
9 57
9 54
9 50
9 47
9
13
9 59
13
194
4.1
4
35
12 5 27
3 59
10 36
10 35
10 34
10 32
10 30
10 2S
10
26
1
) 37
] I
195
5.1
4
31
12 5 34
4 51
11 8
11 7
11 7
11 7
11 7
11 6
11
6
1
1 13
15
19(1
6.1
4
27
12 5 40
5 42
11 40
11 40
11 41
11 42
11 44
11 45
11
16
11 49
it;
197
7.1
4
23
12 5 4(j
6 33
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Ho
m.
J
lorn.
17
198
8.1
4
1!)
12 5 51
7 24
12
13
15
17
20
23
26
24
IS
199
9.1
1
15
12 5 56
8 16
46
48
51
54
58
1 2
1
7
I 1
19
200
10.1
4
11
12 6 0
9 9
1 23
1 26
1 30
1 34
1 40
1 45
1
-.1
L 42
20201; 11.1
4
7
12 6 4
10 2
2 6
2 9
2 13
2 18
2 25
2 31
2
88
226
21
202 12.1
4
g
12 6 7
10 55
2 53
2 57
3 1
3 6
3 14
3 20
3
28
3 15
22 203 : 13.1
3
59
12 6 9
11 47
3 44
3 48
3 53
358
4 6
4 12
4
20
4 7
23
204 : 14.1
8
55
12 6 11
Morn.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Bi>
Mk
i
.1868.
24
205 15.1
3
52
12 6 12
37
8 16
8 13
8 10
8 6
8 0
7 55
7
19
3 10
25
206 1(5.1
3
48
12 6 13
1 25
8 49
8 47
8 44
8 41
8 37
8 33
8
2s
3 46
:><:
207^; 17.1
8
44
12 6 13
2 11
9 18
9 16
9 14
9 12
9 9
9 f
9
3
3 17
27 i
208 18.1
3
40
12 6 12
2 54
9 44
9 44
9 42
9 41
9 39
9 38
9
86
} 46
28
209, 19.1
3
86
12 6 11
3 37
10 9
10 8
10 8
10 8
10 8 10 7
ID
7
1
"> 14
2!) 210 20.1 3 32
12 6 9
4 18
10 35
10 36
10 36
10 37
10 38 10 39
10
10
10 43
30
211 21.1 3
28
12 6 7
5 0
11 2
11 4
11 5
11 7
11 9 | 11 11
11
14
1
I 14
31
212 22.1 1 3
24 12 6 4
5 43
11 31
11 33
11 35
11 38
11 42 ' 11 45 11
49 ! 11 45
MOON'S
PHASES, &c.
WASHINGTON.
SAN
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
Last Quarter. . .
Dl "7 88 EV.
"i D4 37 Ev.
Venus in Gemini until the 5th. then in
Ne
w Moon. . . .
9 8 30 Mo.
9 5 29 Mo.
Cancer.
Fir
st Quarter .
!!;!« 1 40 Mo.
15 10 39 Ev.
Mars in Leo until the 18th, t
hen i
n Vir
ro.
Full Moon
. . 23 8 46 Mo.
23 5 45 Mo.
Jupiter in Aries all the month.
Last Quarter 31 11 58 Mo.
Moon in Perigee.. 12 11.9 Mo.
31 8 57 Mo.
12 8.9 Mo.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Uranus in Gemini all the month.
Moon in Apogee..) 28 0.9 Mo.
28 3.9 Mo. !
MEAN TIME OP BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
4
Augusta.
Boston.
NcwY
>rk. Washington.
Raleigh. Charleston.
New Orleans.
Sa
a
I
1 Portlamd.
Albany.
Philadel
phia. Baltimore.
Nashville. Savannah.
Mol)
ile.
Franc
isco.
•s
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memphis. Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
*
j B'ga
. Ends.
Begins. ! Ends.
Begins.
Ends. Begins. | Ends.
Begins. | Ends. Begins. Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Endg.
1
1 5-
i id 13
2 12 9 54
2 28 9 37 2 39 9 27 2 56 9 1*6 3 13 8 53
3 25
8 41
2 48
9 lit
6
1 5
) 10 9
2 18 9 50
2 33
) 34 2 43 9 25 2 59 98 3 16 8 52
3 28
8 39
2 51
9 17
11
2
j 10 4
2 25 9 45
2 39 9 30 2 48 9 21
3496 3 20 8 50
3 31
8 37
256
9 14
11;
2 1
5 9 56
2 31:9 40
2 45
) 26 2 54 9 17
3992 3 24 8 47
3 35
8 35 j
3 2
9 10
21
2 2
i 9 48
2 38 9 34
2 51;
) 20 3 0 9 12 ' 3 14 8 58 3 28 8 44
3 39
8 33
3 7
9 5
26
2 3
3 9 40
2 45 9 27
2 57 9 15 3 69 6 : 3 19 8 53 3 32 8 40 3 42 8 29
3 12
9 0
31
2 4
2 9 30
2 53 9 19
3498 31290:3 25 8 52 3 38 8 34 3 4(5
8 25
3 18
8 56
36
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
AUGUST, 1869.
MEAN TIME
OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET ; FOR SUN1S UPPER LIMB.
Augusta.
Boston.
New Yor
k.
Washington.
Raleigh.
Charleston. .New Orleans. : San
S Tk -*
Port!
and.
Albai
y-
; P
lilailclp
Baltimore.
Na
hville.
Sava
uiiah.
Mol
ile. I Fran
isco.
S
i
the
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
St. Louis.
M*
mphis.
Vicksburg.
T«s
as.
Richc
aond.
B
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
1
Rises.
Sets.
Rists. Sets.
Rises. | Sets.
Rises.; Sets.
Rises
. Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
;Rise,
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
1 Sun.
4 47
7 25
4 52 7 20
4
5(5 7
16
5 0 7 12
5775
5 14
6 58
; 5 19 (5 53
|5 4
7 7
2 Mon.
4 48
7 24
4 53 r
19
4
577
15 1 5 1 7 11
5
37 4
5 14
6 57
5 19
0 52
5 5
7 7
8Tu.
4 4!) 7 22
4 54 7 18 4
587
14
5 1 7 10
5873
5 15 6 56
5 20 6 51
5 6
7 6
4 Wed.
4 50
7 21
4 55 "
16 I 4
597
12
5 27 9
5
)7 2
5 16
6 55
IS 21
6 50
5 7
7 5
5Th.
4 51
720
4 56 "
15
5
0 7
11 5378
5 107 1
5 16 6 54
5 21
6 49
5 7
7 3
6 Fri.
4 53
7 19!
4 57 "
14
5
17
10
5477
5 1
Li7 0
5 17
6 53
J5 22
6 48
5 8
7 2
7 Sat.
4 54
7 17
4 58 '
13
5
2l7
9
5576
5 1
I (5 59
5 18
6 52
5 22
6 48
5 9
7 0
8 Sun.
4 55
7 16
4 59,'
11
5
87
7
5674
5 12 6 57
5 18 6 51
5 23 6 47
5 10,6 59
9 Mon.
4 56
7 14
5 0 r
10
5
47
6
5 77 3
5 1
] (5 5(5
5 19
(J 50
5 23
6 4(5
5 11
6 59
10
Tu.
4 57
7 13
5 \'
9
r,
5l7
55872
5 1
16 55
5 20
6 49
5 24
6 45
5 12
6 58
ll' Wed.
4 58
7 12
5 2"
8 iS
67
4j 5 97 0
5 1
3 6 54
5 21
6 48
5 25
6 44
5 13
6 56
12 Th.
4 59 7 10 !
5 37 7i 5
7,7
3 j 5 10 6 59
5 16!6 53
5 21
6 47
5 25 6 43
5 1316 54
13 Fri.
5 1
7 9
5 47
5!
5
8 7
1
5 11 (i 58
5 1
- 6 52
5 22
6 4(5
5 2(5
6 42
5 14
6 53
14 Sat.
5 2
7 7
5 5.7 4 IS
9 7
0 5 12 6 57
5 18 6 51
5 23 6 45
5 26
6 41
5 15| 6 52
15 Sun.
16 Mon.
5375
5474
567 25
5 77 0 |5
10 6 58 j 5 13 6 55
11 6 56 5 146 53
5 18:6 49
5 19 6 48
5 23 6 44
5 24 6 43
5 27 (5 40
5 28 6 39
5 16 6 51
5 17J6 50
17 Tu.
5 5
7 2
5 8 6 59 ; 5
12 6 55 5 15 6 52
5 206 47 1! 5 25
6 42
5 28 6 38
5 1S!6 49
18 Wed.
5 6
7 1
5 96
57
5
136
53 i 5 16 6 50
5 2
J6 46 5 25
6 41
5 29
6 37
5 19
6 48
19 Th.
5 8
5 59
5 10 (
55 i 5
146
52 ; 5 17 6 4!)
5 2
16 45 1.5 26
6 40
5 29
(i 36
5 20
6 47
20 Fri.
5 9 6 57 ;
5 11 6 51 5
15 6 51 ' 5 186 48
5 22 6 43
5 27
6 39
5 30 6 35
5 21
6 45
21 Sat,
5 10
i 56
5 12 6
52 5
1(5 6
19
1 5 19 6 46
5 2
J (5 42
5 27
6 38
5 30
6 34
5 22
6 43
22 Sun.
5 11 6 54
5 14 6 51 i | 5
17 6 48
5 20 6 45
5 24|6 41
5 28 6 37
5 31
6 33
5 22 6 42
23 Mon.
5 12
i 53
5 15,6
50 5
186
47 6 21 6 44
5 2,
>!6 40 5 29
6 3(5
5 32
6 32
5 23
(i 40
24
ru.
5 13
(> 51
5 16 6
48 5
19 6
45 ! 5 21 6 42
5 £
>;6 88115 29
6 35
5 32
6 31
5 24
6 39
25
Wed.
5 14 6 49
5 17!fi
47 | 5 20 6 44
5 22 6 41
5 26 6 37 5 30 6 34
i 5 33 6 30
5 25,6 38
26
Th.
5 16
£5 48
5 18 (i
45 15
21 6
42 5 23 6 40
5 2
l"6 36 | 5 31
6 33
5 34
6 29
5 2(5
(5 3(5
Fri.
5 17
E; 46
5 196
44 5
22 6
41 5 24 6 38
5 2<
J 6 35 ! 5 31
(5 32
5 34
6 28
5 27
0 ,35
28
Sat.
5 18
[} 44
5 20 (j
42 15
23 6
39 5 25 6 37
5 2
)6 34 1 5 32
6 31
5 35
6 27
5 28
6 33
29 Sun.
5 19
i 42
5 21 6
40 5
246
38 5 26 li .T.
5 3(
) 6 32 5 33
6 29
5 35
6 2(5
5 29
• 5 32
30' Mon. 5 206 40
5 226 39 iS
25 6 3(5 5 27 6 34
5 30 6 31
5 33 6 28 5 36 6 25 5 29 6 31
31!Tu.
5 21 6 39
5 23 (
37 : i 5
26 6 35 5 28 6 33
5 31:6 29
5 34
6 2(5 ! 5 3(5 6 24
5 30 (5 29
LENGTH
AND DECREASE OF DAYS.
-~:
Augusta.
Boston.
New York.
Washington.
Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans. San
I
Portland.
Albany.
Pliilade
Iphia.
Baltimore.
Nash\
lie.
Savan
iah.
Mob
le.
Fr»nc
isco.
m
•s
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
St. Louia.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
1
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th. Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr. L'th.
Dcr. \ L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
1
: 14 38
0 54
14 28 0 49
1 I 21) 0 45
14 12 0 41 1
3 580 37 .13 44
i) .'}:]
13 34
0 29 14 3
O' 44
3 14 33
0 59 ;
14 24 0 53
14 16
0 49
14 9 0 44 1
3 55
0 40 13 41
0 36
13 31
0 32 14 0
0 47
5 14 29
1 4
14 19 0 58
14 12
0 53
14 5 0 48 1
3 51
0 44! 13 38
0 39
13 28
0 35 1 13 56
0 51
7 14 24
9
14 1
>1 2
14 8
057
14 1 0 52 1
3 47
0 48'
13 34
0 43
13 26
0 37 13 51
0 56
9
14 19
14
14 1
)1 7
14 3
1 2!
13 56 0 57 1
3 43
0 52 13 31
0 46
13 23
0 40 13 48
0 59
11
1413
19
14
31 11
13 58
1 T
13 51 1 2 1
3 39
0 56 13 27
0 50
13 19
0 44
13 43
1 4
13
14 8
24
14
I 1 16
13 54
11
13 47 1 6 1
3 35
1 013 24
0 53i
13 16
0 47
13 39
1 8
15
14 3
29
13 56 1 21
13 49
16
13 42 1 11 1
3 31
1 4 13 21
0 56
13 13
0 50
13 35
1 12
17
13 58
34
13 5
I 1 26
13 44
21
13 37 1 16 1
3 27
1 8 13 17
i o!
13 10
0 53
13 31 ll 16
19
13 52
40
13 45 1 32
13 39
26
13 32 1 21 1
3 23
1 12 i 13 14
1 3
13 7
0 5(5
13 27
1 2D
•21
13 46
46 i
13 40 1 37
13 34
31
13 27 1 26 1
3 19
1 16 18 11
1 6,
13 4
0 59
13 21
1 26
23
13 41
52
13 35 1 42
13 29
30
13 23 1 30 1
3 15
1 20 |13 7
1 10
13 1
1 2
13 17
1 30
25
13 35
57
13 30 1 47
13 24
41
13 19 1 34 1
3 11
1 24 13 4
1 13
12 57
1 6 13 13
1 34
-,'7
13 29|2 3
13 25 1 52
13 19
461
13 14 1 39 ]
3 7
1 28
13 1
1 16
12 54
1 9 13 8
1 39
29
13 23 2 9
13 19 1 58
13 14
51
13 10 1 43 1
3 3
1 32
12 57
1 20 12 51
1 12 13 3
1 44
31 13 17 '2 15
13 14 2 3
il3 9
56
13 5 1 48 ]
2 58
1 37 12 52
1 25 12 48
1 15! 12 59
1 48
1809.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
AUGUST, Eighth Month.
•s
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF
MOON'S
RISING AND SETTING.
1
I .; .
Sidcrpal
•Mm .it
i Moon in
Augusta. Boston. X. York.
Wash'tn.
Raleigh. Cha'ston. > N. Or'ls. c
1
1 || <
•on.
XoouMark. Meridian.
Portland.
Oregon.
Albany. Philad'a.
Chicago. Ind'polis.
Baltim'e.
St. Louis.
N'shville.
Hemp's.
Savan'h.
Vicksb'g.
Mobile.
Texas.
Fr'ncisco.
1
ft
Day.
M
>rn ;_••
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
1
213 123.1
3 20
12 0
L! 0 27
Morn.
Morn.
Morn
M
orn. j
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
2
214 i 24.1
3
16
12
5 5
r 7 is
4
0
1
ii
13 i
IS
23
28
21
3
215 ! 25.1
3
12
12 5 52 8 5
41
44
48
52
5!)
1 5
1
11
1 1
4
210 20.1
g
8
12
5 4
r 8 59
1 20
1 30
1 3-
i
1
39 !
1 46
1 53
2
0
1 38
5
217 J27.1
g
4
'12 5 41 9 5)5
2 20
2 23
2 28
2 33
2 41
2 47
2
56
2 42
0
218 ! 28.1
3
1
12
5 a
5 10 55
3 20
3 24
3 2
9
3
34
3 41
3 48
3
56
3 42
7i
21!) 29.1
•J
57
12
5 2
3 11 54
4 28
4 31
4 3
5
4
40
447
4 52
4
59
4 48
8.
220
0.8
2
53
'12 5 20 EV. 53
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
8<
ta.
Sets.
9
221
1.8
2
i'.*
12
5 1
2 1 49
8 33
8 32
8 3
)
8
28
8 25
8 23
8
20
8 33
10 !
222
2.8
•2
45
12
5
J 2 44
9 9
9 8
9
3
9
7
9 0
9 5
9
4
9 12
Hi
223
3.8
2
12
4 54 3 37
9 42
9 42
9 42
9
43
0 44
9 44
9
45
9 49
12
224
4.8
2
87
12
4 4
I 4 29
10 14
10 10
10 1
7
10
19
10 21
10 23
10
26
10 20
13 225
5,8
2
33
12
4 33 5 21
10 47
10 50
10 52
Id
55
10 59
11 3
11
7
11 2
14
>20
0.8
2
29
L2
4 2
2 0 13
11 24
11 27
11 3
3
11
34
11 40
11 44
11
50
11 42
15
227
7.8
2
25
1-2
4 1
L 7 6
Morn.
Morn.
Morn
is
am.
Morn.
Morn.
Me
rn.
10 228
8.8
2
•ll
12
3 59 7 58
4
8
12
16
23
29
36
25
17
>•)!)
9.8
2
17
1-2
3 4)
> 8 51
49
53
5
3
1
3
1 10
1 17
1
24
1 11
18
J30
10.8
2
L3
L2
3 3:
j; 9 43
1 41
1 44
1 4
)
1
54
2 2
2 8
2
16
2 3
1<> 231
11.8
2
9
12
3 19 10 33
2 a5
2 38
2 43
2
47
2 55 3 2
3
9
2 50
20232 12.8
2
5
12
3 5 11 21
3 32
3 35
3 39
3
43
3 50
3 56
4
3
352
21
233 13.8
•-1
1
12
2 51
Morn.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises
Ri
ses.
Rises.
Riocs.
Ri
CB.
Rises.
22
234 114.8
1
57
12
2 &
) 7
7 19
7 18
7 1
',
7
18
7 9
7 6
7
2
7 17
232:::. l.",,s
1
54
12
2 20 51
7 48
7 47
7 45
7
44
7 42
7 39
7
37
7 49
24
230i 10.8
1
50
12
2 i
I 1 34
8 13
8 13
8 1
>
8
12
8 11
8 10
8
9
8 17
25
237 i i 17.8
1
46
12
1 4t
J' 2 10
8 39
8 39
8 3
t
8
40
8 40
8 41
8
41
8 40
2(1 238 1 1 18.8
1
42
112
1 31 2 57
9 4
9 5
9 6
9
7
9 9
9 11
9
13 9 14
27
239 i ! 19.8
1
88
12
1 1-
I: 3 39
9 31
9 33
9 a
i
9
37
9 41 !) 44 9
47 9 44
28
240 i i 20.8
1
34
12
0 5(
>; 4 22
10 2
10 4
10
?
1(i
10
10 15
10 19 10
24 10 18
29 241 i 21. 8
1
30
112
0 3f
J 5 8
10 37
10 40
10 44
Id
48
10 54 10 59 11
5 10 56
30
242 : , 22.8
1
•>i;
12
0 2(
) 5 56
11 18
11 21
11 2,
»
1 1
30
11 37
11 43 11
50
11 38
31 243 : 23.8
1
22
12
0 2 0 47
Morn. Morn. Morn
u
Morn. Morn. 1 Morn.
MOON'S
SAN
PHASES, &c.
WASHINGTON.
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
New Moon
First Quarter
D.
7
11
5
7
M. 1
OEv.
33 Mo. 4
H. M.
7 1 59 Ev.
4 4 32 Mo.
Venus in Leo until the 24th. then in Virgo.
Mars in Virgo all the month.
Fu
1 Moon
21
11
15 Ev. 2
1 S 14 Mo
Jupit
>r
In
A i-ic
•i Jill tlip month
Last Quarter
Moon in Perigee..
30
9
2
8.2
50 Mo. 29 11 49 Ev.
Mo. 9 5.2 Mo.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Uranus in Gemini all the month.
Moon in Apogee..
24
9.9
Ev. 24 6.9 Ev.
MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
4
Augusta.
Boston.
New York. Washington.
Raleigh.
Cha
r cston.
New Orleans. ! I San
1
Portland
Alba
ny.
Philadelphia. Baltimore.
Nash
111
Sav
imuili.
Mobile.
Francisco.
m
•~
Oregon.
Chic
igo.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
1
Begins. Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. Er
ds. Begins
. Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begin
i. Ends.
Begins. • Ends.
Begins. -Ends.
i
6
i 2 44 9 28
2 54 9 17
2 55
3 5
9 17
9 7
3 09
3 148
6 3 1
57 32
48 58
)8 50
3 2(5
3 32
8 45;
8 38
3 3
3 4
9 8 33 3 48 8 24
4 8 20 3 53 8 17
3 20:8 51
3 20 8 44
11
339
7
8
1 1
8 57
3 21 8
48 32
r s 42
3 37
8
31
3 4
8 8 20
3 47.8 11
3 32 8 37
10
3 12 8 56
8
21
8 48
3 298
40 ! 33-
i 8 34
3 44|S 24
3 5
3 8 14 4 18 5
3 39 8 29
21
26
31
3 21 8 45
3 29 8 34
3 38 8 22
3 28 8 38 3 30 8
3 30l8 28 il 3 438
3 42 8 18 3 49 8
31 3 4
21 1 34
12 35
8 20
"8 17
28 9
3 498
3 54 8
4 0:8
16
1
3 5
4
4
88 7
280
7 7 53
4 5759
4 9 7 53
4 13 7 47 !
3 45 8 21
3 50 8 13
3 56 8 5
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
SEPTEMBER, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND
SUN-SET ; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
J3
Augusta.
Boston.
New
York.
Wa
shington.
Raleigh.
Charleston, i ,New Orleans. San
9
0
Portland.
Albany.
P
iu.
elp
iia.
Bi
Itimore.
Nashville.
Savannah.
Mobile. Frant
SCO.
I
Day of
the
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indian
apolis.
St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas. Richor
ond.
1
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN SUN
I
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Se
ts.
Rb
>s.; Sets.
Rises. Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises. Sets. | Rises, j
Sets.
1 Wed.
5' 23
0 37 5 24
6 35
5
27
6
;;>
5 29 6 31
5 32 G 28
5 35
(5 25
5 37,6 23 !
5 31 6 28
2 Th.
5 24
6 35 Is 26! 6 33
5
28
(i
H
5
W 6 29
5 33 6 27
5 35
(5 24
5 37 6 22
5 32
5 2(5
3 Fri.
4! Sat.
5 25
5 26
6 33
6 31
5 27 6 32
5 28 G 30
5
5
29 6
30 6
50
2S
5 31 6 28
5 32 6 26
5 346 25
5 35 6 23
5 30
5 37
0 22
6 21
5 38! 6 21 :!5 33 G 25
5 38 G 19 ! 5 33 G 24
5 Sun.
5 27
G 30
5 29
i -2S
5
31
6
20
5
33 0 '24
5 35 6 22
5 37
0 20
5 39 6 18 5 34
5 2:2
6 Mon.
5 28
0 28
5 30 6 2(5
5
326
34
5 34 6 23
5 36 6 21
5 38
6 19
5 39 6 17 5 35 6 20
7 Tu.
5 30
G 26
5 31
(5 25
5
33
(i
23
5
35 6 21
5 37
6 19
5 38
i; is
5 40 6 16 5 30.
6 19
8 Wed.
5 31
6 24
5 32
6 23
5
34
6
21
5
15 6 20
5 37
6 18
5 39
6 16
5 40 6 15 i| 5 37!
6 17
9Th.
10 'Fri.
5 32
5 33
6 22
6 20
5 33
5 35
6 21
(5 19
5
5
356
solo
1!)
17
5 36' 6 18
5 37 6 16
5 3b
5 39
G 16
6 15
5 40
5 40
6 15
6 14
5 41 6 13
5 42 6 12
5 37:
5 38!
6 15
6 14
11 Sat.
5 34
6 19
5 3(5
6 17
5
37
(i
10
5 38! 6 15
5 40
6 13
5 41
6 12
5 42 6 11
5 39 6 12
12 Sun.
5 35
6 17
5 37
6 15
5
3S
6
11
5
59 6 13
5 41
6 12
5 42
6 11
5 43 6 10
5 40!
6 11
13
VI Oil.
5 37
6 15
5 38
6 14
5
39
6
13
5
10! 6 12
5 41
6 10
5 42
0 9
5 43 6 8
5 41
6 9
11
In.
5 38
6 13
5 39
0 12
5
406
11
5 41 16 10
5 42
6 9
5 43
6 8
5 44!0 7
5 42
6 7
15
Wed.
5 39 6 11 ! 5 40
6 10
5
41
6
9
5
416 9
5 42
6 8
5 43
6 7
5 44 6 G
5 42
6 6
16
Ph.
5 40
6 9 |5 41
6 8
5
42!6
7
5 42 6 7
5 43
6 6
5 44 6 6
5 45 6 5
5 43!6 4
17
Fri.
5 41
6 7
5 42
G 6
5
43
6
5
5
136 5
5 44
6 5
5 45 6 5
5 45 6 4
5 44
6 3
18 Sat.
5 42
6 6 1 5 43
G 5
5
44
6
4
5 44 6 4
5 45 6 4
5 45 6 4
5 46 6 3
5 45 6 1
19 Sun.
5 11
6 4 5 44
6 3
5
44
(i
2
5
146 2
5 45 6 3
5466 3
5 4(5 6 2
5 40
G 0
20 Mon.
5 45
6 2 5 45
6 1
5
45
0
0
5
IS1!) 0
5 46 G 1
5 47 6 1
5 47 6 1
5 47!
5 58
21
Fa.
5 40
6 0 ! 5 4(5
6 0
5
40
5
511
5 46 5 59
5 47
6 0
5 47 6 0
5 47 6 0
5 47 5 57
•2-2
Wed.
5 47
5 58 ! ! 5 47
5 58
5
47
5
57
5
4715 57
5 48 5 58
5 48 5 59
5 48! 5 58
5 48
5 55
•>:}
Ph.
5 48
5 56 i 5 48
5 5(5
5
48
5
50
5
48 5 56
5 48 5 57
5 48 5 57
5 48 5 57
5 49
5 54
•21
Fri.
5 49
5 54
5 50
5 55
5
495
51
5 49J5 54
5 49
5 55
5 49
5 55
5 49
5 55
5 50 5 52
•25
Sat.
5 50
5 52
5 51
5 53
5
50
5
5:!
5
50:5 53
5 50
5 54
5 50
5 54
5 50
5 54
5 51
5 51
•20
Sun.
5 52
5 51
5 52
5 51
5
51
5
51
5
51 5 51
5 51
5 52
5 50
5 53
5 50
5 53
5 52
5 49
•27
Mon.
5 53
549
5 53
5 49
5
5-2
5
1!)
5 52! 5 49
5 51
5 50
5 51
5 51
5 51
5 51
5 53 5 48
28
Fu.
5 54
5 47
5 54
5 47
5
53
5
IS
5
53 5 48
5 52
5 48
5 52 5 50
5 51
5 50
5 54
5 46
•29
Wed.
5 55
5 45
5 55
5 46
5
545
10
5 54 i 5 4(5
5 53
5 47
5 52 5 48 ! 5 52
5 49
5 55
5 44
30
Fh. 5 57
5 43
5 5(5
5 44
5
55 5
45
5 5515 45
5 51
5 46
5 53 5 47 ! 5 52 5 48 5 50 5 43
LENGTH
AND DECREASE OP DAYS.
J
Augusta.
Boston.
New York.
Washington.
Raleigh. Charleston, i New Orleans.
Sa
„
1
Portland.
Albany.
Philadc
i.
BaUii
ioie.
Nashville.'
Savannah.
Mobile.
Franc
1300.
-3
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
1
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th
Dcr. L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dor.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dor.
L'th.
Dor.
L'th.
Dcr.
1
13 14
2 IS
13 11 2 6 13 6
1 59
13 2
1 51
12 50
1 39 12 50
1 27
12 46
1 17 12 57 !l 50
3
13 9 2 24
13 5212 ! 13 1
2
4
12 57
1 56
12 51
1 44 12 46
31
12 43
1 20
12 52 1 55
5
13 32 30
12 59 2 18 12 55
•2 1
;i
12 51
2 2
12 47
1 48!
12 43
34,
12 39
1 24
12 48
1 5!)
7
12 57 2 3(5 i 12 54 2 23 ! 12 50
•2
5
12 40
2 7
1243
1 52 12 40
37
12 36
1 27
12 43
2 4
9
12 51
2 42! 12 48 2 29 I 12 44
2 1
51
112 41
2 12
12 38
1 57
12 36
41
12 32
1 31
112 38
2 9
11
12 45 2 48! 1 12 422 35 1239
2 2(5
1 12 37
2 1(5
12 34
2 1
12 32
45
12 29
1 34
12 33
2 14
18
12 39 2 54
12 36 2 41
12 34
2 31
! 12 32
2 21
12 30
2 5
12 28
49
12 25
1 38
12 28
2 19
15
12 32 3 0
12 30 2 47
i!2 28
2 .
J7
12 27
2 2(5
12 26
2 9
12 24
53
12 22
1 41
12 24
2 23
17
12 26
3 G
12 24 '2 53
12 23
242
12 22
2 31
12 22
2 13
12 20
57
12 19
1 44
12 19
2 28
19
12 20 3 12
12 19 2 58
12 18
2 <
17
12 18
2 35 1
12 IT
2 18
12 10
2 1
12 16
1 47
12 14
2 33
•21
12 14 3 18
12 14 3 3
! 12 13
2 52
12 13
2 40
12 13
2 22! 12 12
2 5
12 13
1 50
12 10
237
•2:5
12 8 3 24
12 83 1)
12 8
2
37
12 8
2 45
12 8
2 27 12 8
2 9
12 9
1 54
12 6
2 41
•25
12 2 3 30
12 2 3 15
12 2
8
8
2 51
12 3
2 32 112 4
2 13
12 5
1 58 |12 0
2 47
•27
11 56 3 m
11 50 3 21
11 57 3
8
11 57
2 5(5
11 59
2 30. >12 0!2 17'
12 1
2 2 ill 55
2 5-2
29
11 503 42 11 51 3 2(
11 52
8
8
1 11 52
3 1
11 54
2 41 11 50 i 2 21 i
11 57
2 6 11 49
2 5S
80
11 473 45 11 483 29 11 49
3 16
11 50 3 3
11 52
2 43 11 54! 2 23!
11 50 2 7 11 47 3 0
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
SEPTEMBER, Ninth Month.
39
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING.
I
1
-°° • ' Si
.ereal
Mm at
Moon in i ! Au?usta-
Boston.
N. Yor
k. ', Wash'tn. Raleigh.
Cha'ston.
N- Or'ls. «..„
i
•8
s
g 8, •
a "*
No
an Mark.
Albany. Philad'a. Baltim'e.
Chicago. '' Ind'polis. St. Louis.
K'shville.
Memp's.
Savan'h.
Vicksb'g.
Mobile.
Texas.
Fr'ncisco.
$
A
Day. M
orn'g.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
1
244
24.8 1
18 111
59 43
• 7 41
6
9
14
lit
26
33
41
28
2J245
125.8 1
14 11
59 24
j 8 y
1 0
1 4
1
J
1
14
1 22
1 28
1
\(\
1
23
3
2 Hi
26.8 1
10 11
59 5
' 9 3(
i
2 4
2 8
2 1
2
2
17
2 24
2 30
2
37
s
25
4
247
27.8 ! 1
0
11
58 4b
1 10 3-
t
3 14
3 17
3 2
I
8
2 1
3 31
3 36
3
12
?
33
5
2 IS
28.8; 1
2
11
58 2(
11 32
4 28
4 30
4 33
4
86
440
4 44
4 49
4 43
(i
249
0.5; 0
59
11
58 6
•Ev. 2!
)
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
8
Sets.
Sets.
Sc
J.
s
ets.
7
250
1.5 0
55
n
57 4(
1 24
7 37
7 37
7 37
7
87
7 37
7 37
7 37
7 43
N
251
2.5; 0
51 11
57 25
2 1!
t
8 12
8 12
8 1
i
8
15
8 17
8 18
8
20
h
5 21
252
3.5 0
47
11
57 5
3 i:
5
846
8 48
8 5
)
8
53
8 56
8 59
9
8
f
0
10
4.5 0
43
11
56 44
4 6
9 22 9 25
9 2
3
«i
:;i
9 36
9 41
9 46
9 39
11
254
5.5 0
39 ill
56 23
5 (
)
10 2 10 5
10
}
10
1:5
10 20
10 26
10
52
K
) 22
12
255
6.5 0
35
11
56 3
5 5-
(
10 47
10 51
10 5
5
11
0
11 7
11 14
11
2\
11
8
13
25, i
7.5 0
31
11
55 42 6 47
11 35
11 39
11 44
11
49
11 56
Morn.
Moi
11 57
14
257
8.5; 0
27
n
55 20
j 7 4(
)
Morn.
Morn.
Morn
.M
TO.
Morn.
3
11
j
torn.
15
258
9.5 i 0
23
n
54 59
i 8 30
30
34
a
3
4:;
51
57
1
5
52
16
259
10.5 0
19
n
54 38
! 9 1!
1
1 27
1 30
1 3
1
1
89
1 46
1 52
1
V.)
1
47
17
260 1 11. 5 0
15
n
54 17
: 10 ,r
>
2 24
2 28
2 3
I
2
85
2 41
2 47
2
58
fc
> 43
18
261 112.5 0
11 111
53 56
10 49
3 26
3 28
3 31
3
34
3 38
3 42
3
17
;
* 42
19 262 |j 13.5 0
n
53 34
1 11 32
4 23
4 24
4 27
4
2!)
4 32
4 35
4 39
4 36
20 '263 ' 14.5: C
21 2li4| 15.5 E
ven.
1 1
n
53 13| -i«vrii.
52 52 14
6 42
6 42
6 42
t;
12
6 42
6 42
6 42
6 48
22 205 16.5 11
52
n
52 31
5(
7 7
7 8
7
J
7
«l
7 11
7 12
7
14
i
r 16
23 266:117.5 11
48
n
52 10
1 37
7 33
7 34
7 36
7
38
7 43
7 44
7 47
r
I 45
241 267 |; 18.5 11
44
n
51 50
2 2(
)
8 3
8 5
8
8
10
8 15
8 19
8
2'!
i
? 18
25 ; 268 ! 19.5 11
40
n
51 29
i 3 4
8 35
8 38
841
8
15
8 50
8 55
9
1
(
J 53
26269 20.5 11
36
n
51 9
3 51
[
9 12
9 16
9 2
)
0
24
9 31
9 37
9
14
j
) 33
27270 121.5 11
32
n
50 49
4 4(
)
9 56
10 0
10
10
g
10 17
10 23
10
il
1(
) 18
28 271
22.5 11
28
n
50 29
5 31
10 47
10 51
10 56
11
0
11 8
11 15
11 23
11 9
29 272
23.5 11
24
1 1
50 9
6 2t
)
11 46
11 50
11 5
1 j 11
59
Morn.
Morn.
Mo
•n.
a
lorn.
30 273
24.5 11
20
n
49 50) 7 21
Morn.
Morn.
Morn
1 Morn.
7
14
21
8
MOON'S
PHASES, &c
WASHINGTON.
SAN
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
New Moon...
ii.
i;
0 58 Mo.
i
5 °9 57 Ev.
Venus in Virgo until the 19th, then in Libra.
First Quarter.
'.'.'. 12
4 15 Ev.
12 1 14 Ev.
Mars in Virgo until the 6th, then =:=.
Full Moon...
Last Quarter.
'.'. 28
3 33 Ev.
4 2Ev.
20 0 32 Ev.
28 1 1 Ev.
Jupiter in Aries all the month.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Moon in Perigee..
0
3.3
Ev.
6 0.3 Ev.
LTranus in Gemini all the mouth.
Moon in Apogee.. 21
3.1
Mo. 21 0.1 Mo.
MEAN
TIME OP BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
4
Augusta.
Bost
on.
New York. Washington.
Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
Sa
B
j
Portland.
Alba
ny.
Philade
Iphia. Bait more.
Nash
•Ule.
Savannah.
Mobile.
Franc
SCO.
K-.
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richn
ond.
B
Begins. ! Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Ends. Begin
. Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
1
3 39 8 21
3 44
8 16
3 50
8 10 i 35
48 6
4 1
7 59
4 8 7 52 i
4 14 7 4*6
3 57
8 2
(i
3 47 8 9
3 50
8 6
3 56
81 35
1 7 57
4 (5
7 50
4 12 7 44 :
4 17:7 39
4 2
7 54
11
3 54 7 59
3 56
7 56
4 1
7 52 4 5 7 48
4 11
7 42
4 16 7 37 i
4 20 7 33
4 8
7 45
it;
4 1 7 48
4 2
7 46
4 7
7 43 : 41
1 7 39
4 16
7 34
4 20 7 29 i
4 24 7 27
4 14
7 37
21
4 8 7 38
4 9
7 36
4 13
7 34 ! 41
7 7 30
4 21
7 26
4 24 7 22
4 27 7 20
4 19
7 28
-21)
4 15 7 28
4 16
7 27 j
4 19
725; 42217211
4 25
7 18;
4 28 7 15
4 30 7 13
4 24
7 20
30
4 16 7 23
4 22
7 18 i
4 23
717i 4251714!
4 28 7 11
4 31 7 9 ! 4 33 7 7 i
4 27
7 13
40
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869,
OCTOBER, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND
SUN-SET ; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
•
Augusta.
Boston.
New York.
"Wash ngton.
E
ateigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
San
1
Portland.
Albany.
P
hiladelphia.
B
alti
Na
shville.
Savannah.
Mobile.
Franc sco.
S
the
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
S
t. Louis.
j M,
mphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
"S
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
ft
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises. Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
1 Rises. Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
1 Fri.
5 58
5 41
5 57
5 42 !
5
56 5 43
5
56
5 43
5 55 5 44
5 54|5 45
5 53 5 46
5 50
5' 41
2 Sat.
5 59
5 40
5 58
5 40
5
57 5 41
5
57
5 41
5 50 5 42
5 55 5 43
5 54
5 44
5 57
5 40
3 Sun.
8 05 38
5 59
5 39
5
58 5 40
5
58
5 40
5 5
0 5 41
5 5515 42
5 54
5 43
5 58
5 38
4 Mon.
6 Ii5 36
6 1
5 37 |
r
05 38
5
59
5 38
5 5
7
5 40
5 56 5 41
5 55
5 42
5 59
5 37
5 Tn.
6 35 3-4
6 2
5 30
6
1 5 37
6
0'5 37
I 5 58
5 39
5 57
5 40
5 50
5 41
0 0
5 35
6 Wed.
6 45 32
6 3
5 34
i;
25 35
(i
1
5 35
5 5
.)
5 37
5 57
5 39
5 56
5 40
6 1
5 34
w
rh.
6 515 30
6 4
5 32
6
3:5 33
6
fcj
5 34
6
0
5 30
5 58
5 37
5 57
5 39
6 2
5 32
8
Fri.
6 6 5 29
6 5
5 31
C
4 5 32
6
3
5 32
6
5 34
5 59
5 36
5 58
5 38
6 3
5 31
!)
5at.
6 7 5 27
6 0
5 29!
C
55 30
6
4)5 31
6
1
5 33
5 59
5 35
5 58
5 37
6 4
5 30
Id
Sun.
6 9'5 25
6 8
5 27
(
05 28
fi
5
5 *<)
lo
y
5 32
0 0
5 34
5 59
5 36
6 5
5 28
11
Mon.
6 10i5 23
6 9
I 20
(i
75 27
6
ii
5 28
6
";
5 31
6 1
5 33
6 0
5 35
6 5
5 27
12
ru.
6 11 5 22
6 10
5 24
(
85 25
6
7
5 20
6
i
5 29
6 1
5 31
6 0
5 33
6 6
5 25
13
Wed.
6 12 5 20
0 11
5 22
(
9 5 24
6
8
5 25
6
~>
5 28
6 2
5 30
6 1
5 32
6 7
5 24
14
rh.
6 14
5 18
0 12
5 21
C
10 5 22
(i
9 15 23
6
(j
5 20
6 3
5 29
6 2
5 31
6 8
5 23
15
Fri.
6 15i5 17
0 13
5 19
(
11 :5 21
(i
10
5 22
6
;
5 25
16 3
r, 28
6 2
5 30
6 9
5 21
16 Sat.
6 16!5 15
0 14
5 17
(i
12 5 19
6
li
5 20
6
7
5 23 645 20
6 3
5 28
0 10
5 20
17 Sun.
6 18J5 13
0 15
5 15 0
13 5 17
6
12
5 19
6
s
5 22 6 5
5 25
6 4
5 27
0 11
5 18
18 Mon.
19 Tu.
6 19 5 12
0 20 5 10
0 17
6 18
5141
5 12
!
(
15 5 10
10 5 14
6
6
13 5 18
14 5 10
6 9
6 10
5 21
5 20
6 6
6 7
5 24
5 23
6 4
6 5
5 20
5 25
0 12
0 14
5 17
5 10
20 Wed.
6 21 5 8
6 19
5 11
(
17 5 13
6
15
5 15
6 1
1
5 19
6 8
5 22
6 6
5 24
6 15
5 14
21
rh.
6 235 7
0 20
5 9l 6
18 5 12
6
16
5 14
I 6 12
5 18
6 8
5 21
6 6
r, 23
10 10
5 13
22
Fri.
6 24 5 5
6 21
5 8 0
19 5 11
6
17
5 13
6 1
3
5 17
6 9
5 20
6 7
5 22
0 17
5 11
23: Sat.
6 25 5 3
0 22
5 66
20|5 9
6
18
5 11
0 1
I
5 15
6 10
5 19
16 8
5 21
6 18
5 10
•24 Sun.
6 275 2
6 23
5 5
c
21 15 8
(i
19 5 10
0 15
5 14
6 11
5 18
16 8
5 20
J6 19
5 9
25
Mon.
6 28
5 0
(i 25
5 3
r
22 '5 0
6
20
5 9
6 1
i
5 13
6 12
5 17
6 9
5 19 |6 20
5 8
26
ru.
0 29:4 59
0 26
5 2
c
235 5
6
21
5 8
61
7
5 12
6 13
5 16
6 10
5 18
(i 21
5 6
27 i Wed.
0 31 i 4 57
6 27
5 0 |6
245 3
6
22
5 6
6 18
5 11
6 14
5 15
6 10
5 17
6 22
5 5
28 Th.
6 32 4 56
0 28
4 59 ' \ 6
255 2
6
23
5 5
6 1
i
5 10 6 15
5 14
6 11
5 16
(i 23
5 4
29 Fri.
0 33 4 54
(i 2<)
4 571 6
205 0 6
5 3
:6 20
5 8 16 16
5 13
6 12
5 15
6 24
5 4
30 Sat.
6 35 4 53
0 30
4 55: 6
27l 4 59
6
25
5 2
|6 2
)
5 7 ! 6 16
5 12
6 12 5 14 6 24
5 3
31 Sun.
6 30 4 51
0 32
4 54 ! ! 6
29 4 58 ! 0
26
5 1 1 ! 0 21
5 6 : 6 17 5 11
6 13 5 13 10 2515 2
LENGTH AND
DECREASE OF DAYS.
a
Augusta.
Boston.
New York. \Vashir
gto
Q.
Raleigh.
Charlestown.
New Orleans.
San
*
Portland.
Albany.
Philudc
Iphia. Baltir
note
Nasln
ille.
Savannah.
Mobile.
Francisco.
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
I
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr. L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
1
11 44 3 48 11 45 3 32
i 11 46 ; 3 19 1147
3
6
11 49
2 46
11 51 2 26
11 532 10 11 45
3 2
3
11 38 3 55
11 40 3 37
111 41
3 24 11 42
:j
11
11 45
2 50
11 47 2 30
11 49 2 141 11 40
3 7
5
11 32,4 1
11 34|3 43
11 36
3 29 11 37
Hi
11 40
2 55
11 43 2 34
11 45 2 18: 11 35
3 12
7
11 2014 7
jll 28|3 49
11 30
3 35 11 32 3
21
11 30 2 59
11 39 2 38
11 42 2 21: 11 30
3 17
9
11 20 ! 4 13
11 23 3 54
11 25
3 40 11 27
;;
26
11 32
3 3
11 36 2 41
11 39 2 24i
11 26
3 21
11
11 14!4 19 11 17:4 0
11 20
3 45 111 22
3
•51
11 27
3 8
11 32 2 45
11 35 2 28
11 22
3 2r.
13
11 84 25 11 11 4 6
11 14
3 51 ! 11 17
3
•SO
11 23 3 12
11 28 2 49
11 31 ! 2 32 11 17
3 30
15
11 24 31 11 6l4 11
11 9
3 50 11 12 3 41
11 18 3 17
11 24 2 53
11 28 2 35 11 12
3 35
17
10 50,4 30
ill 0 4 17
11 4
4 ll 11 7
3
16
11 14
3 21
11 20 ' 2 57
11 24'2 39 11 7
3 40
1!)
10 50 4 42
10 54 4 23
10 58
4 7 11 2
3
-, {
11 9
3 26
11 16i3 1
11 20 2 43 ,11 2|3 45
21
10 444 48110 494 28
10 54
4 11 10 58
3
~>0
11 5
3 30
11 13!3 4
11 17 2 40 10 57(3 50
23
10 38 4 54
10 44l4 33
10 49
4 10 10 53
4
0
111 1
3 34
11 9 3 8
11 13 2 50 10 5213 55
35
10 32 5 0
10 38 4 39
10 44
4 21 110 49:4
4
ilO 57!3 38
11 513 12
11 10 2 53 10 4813 59
27
10 27 5 5
10 33 4 44
10 39
4 26 i 10 44
4
9
1 10 53
3 42
11 Il3 16
11 7 2 56 10 43 4 4
29
10 21 5 11 10 28 4 49
10 34
4 31 10 39
4
14
10 48 3 47 !
10 573 20
11 33 0 ilO 40
4 7
31 i 10 16 5 17 ! 10 22 4 55 i 10 29 4 30 \ 10 35
[4
18 j 10 44
3 51 , : 10 54 3 23 11 0 3 3 10 37 4 10
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
OCTOBER, Tenth Month.
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND
SETTING.
i <
0 g
S >-
''
Sifloro.il
Sun at
Moon n
Augusta.
Boston.
N. York.
Wi
sh'tn. 1 Raleigh. Cha'stou. X. Or'ls.
J J
1
Portland.
Albany.
Philad'a.
Ba
t m'e. X'shvil e. Savan
h. ! Mo
jile.
oan
l\ i-
£
Noon.
Noon Mark.
Meridian.
Oregon.
Chicago.
Ind'polis.
8t.
Louis.
Memp's.
Vicksb'g.
Te
sas_ Fr'neiseo.
d
ft
Day.
Evening.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rscs.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
1 274
25.5
11
16
11 49 31
8 18
51
54
58
1
3
1 10
1 15
1
22
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a
c>.:>
11
12
11 49 12
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S
11
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2 2$
)
2
27
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3 1276
27.5
11
8
11 48 54
10 11
3 16
3 17
3 20
£
22
3 26
3 29
3
83
3 29
41277
28.5
11
5
11 48 36
11 7
4 32
4 33
434
4 35
4 37
4 39
4
41
4 42
5 278
| ) \
11
1
11 48 18
Ev. 2
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
£
ets.
Sets.
Sets
8<
t*.
Sets.
6 1279
i!i
10 57
11 48 1
57
6 39
6 41
6 42
6 44
6 47
6 49
6
52
6 51
7 280
2.1 10 53 11 47 44
1 53
7 14
7 16
7 19
'
22
7 27
7 3(
)
7
35
7 30
8281
3.1
M
49 11 47 27
2 48
7 54
7 57
8 1
£
5
8 11
8 1(
i
8
22
8 13
9 282
1.1
10
45
11 47 11
3 44
8 39
8 42
8 47
S
52
8 59
9 r
9
12
9 0
10 283
5.1
10 41
11 46 55
4 40
9 28
9 32
& 37
9 42
9 49
9 56
10
4
9 51
11
2S4
6.1
K
37
11 46 40
5 34
10 21
10 25
10 30
1C
35
10 42
10 4f
1
10
57
1
0 43
12 285
7.1
10
33
11 46 26
6 26
11 19
11 23
11 27
11
32
11 39
11 4(
1
11
53
1
1 40
13 286
8.1
10 29
11 46 11
7 16
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
.V.
Morn.
141287
9.1
10
25
11 45 58
8 3
18
21
25
29
36
4<;
5
48
37
15 j 288
llO.l
10 21
11 45 45
8 48
1 16
1 19
1 22
1
26
1 31
1 36
1
41
1 33
16289
1
1.1
10
17
11 45 32
9 31
2 16
2 18
2 °1
t
23
2 27
2 31
2
85
2 31
17 290
12.1
10 13
11 45 20
10 13
3 15
3 16
3 18
3 19
3 22
3 24
3
27
3 26
18
291 ! 13.1
10
f)
11 45 8
10 55
4 12
4 13
4 14
4 15
4 16
4 17
4
18
4 21
19 292 1
1.1
10
5 11 44 58
11 36 i
5 12
5 11
5 11
5
11
5 11
5 1C
6
10
5 17
20 293 i : 1
5.1
LO
2 11 44 47
Morn.
Rses.
Rises.
Ri^es.
R
ses.
Rises.
Rises
EU
e«.
i
Uses.
21 294 Ki.l
9
58
11 44 38
19
6 5
6 7
6 10
e
12
6 16
6 20
6
24
6 20
22 295 1
7.1
!
54
11 44 29
1 3
6 37
6 40
643
r
47
6 52
6 5"
f
7
2
i 54
23 29(5 ; 18.1
9
£0
11 44 21
1 49
7 12
7 15
7 19
7 23
7 30
7 36
42
7 32
24 297 i 1
1.1
9
46
11 44 13
237 i
7 52
7 56
8 1
8
6
8 13
8 2C
8
27
s 11
25 298 ; j 2
).l
9
42
11 44 7
3 27
8 42
8 46
8 50
8
55
9 3
9 1C
D
18
9 4
w» | OGO ! O
l.l
9
38
11 44 1
4 20
9 3(5
9 40
9 45
9 50
9 57
10 4
Ki
12
9 58
27 300
21
3.1
ii
34
11 43 56
5 14
10 37
10 40
10 45
10
49
10 57
11 f
t
11
10
1
0 58
28301 !2
5.1
9
30
11 43 51
6 9
11 43
11 46
11 50
11
54
12 0
Morn
Mo
rn.
]
Horn.
29 302 | i 24.1
d
26
11 43 47
7 3
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
M
Morn.
5
11
2
301303
a
"). i
9
22
11 43 44
7 58 54
56
59
1
2
1 6
1 If
1
15
1 9
31 304 i 26.1
9
18
11 43 42
8 52 28J29
2 11
13
2 16 2 18 2
21 2 20
.
MOON'S
PHASES. Ac.
WASHINGTON.
SAN
FRANCISCO.
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
New Moon.. .
. 5 9 11 Mo. 5
6 10 Mo.
Venus in Librauntil the 13th, then in Scorpio.
First Quarter .... 12 4 54 Mo. 12 1 53 Mo.
Full Moon i20 8 49 Mo. 120 5 48 Mo. !
Mars in Libra until the 18th, then
Jupiter in Aries all the month.
in TH
Last Quarter
Moon in Perigee..
28 3 26 Mo. i28 0 25 Mo.
5 2.2 Mo. ! 4 11.2 Ev.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Uranus in Gemini all the month.
Moon in Apogee..
18 4.5 Mo. 18
1.5 Mo.
Venus nearest Mars the 6th.
Saturn nearest Venus the 25th.
MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
3 Augu
sta.
Boston.
Xew York
Washington.
Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
Sa
a
I
Port!
ind.
Albany.
Philadelphir
Baltimore.
Nashville.
Savannah.
Mol
ile.
Franc
isco.
m
Oree
on.
Chicago.
Indianapoli
St. Louis.
Memphis.
Yicksburg.
Tex
as.
Richn
ond.
I
j Begins.
Ends.
Begins.! Ends.
Begins. ', End
a. i Begins. Ends.
Begins, j Ends.
Begins. : Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
1
4 21
7 18
4 23 7 17
4 25 7 1
6 4 27 7 13
4 30 7 10
4 32 7 8
4 34
7 6
4 29
7 12
6
4 26
7 10
4 29i7 7
4 8117
5 4 32 7 4
4 34!7 2
4 35 7 1
4 37
6 59
4 33
7 3
11
4 33
7 0
4 35 6 58
4 36 6 £
6 4 37 6 56
4 38 6 55
4 38 6 55
4 40
6 53
4 37
6 55
16
4 39
6 52
4 40 6 50
4 41 6 4
8 4 42 6 49
4 42 6 49
4 42 6 49
4 43
6 48
4 42
6 49
21
4 46! 6 44
4 46 6 43
4 46 6 4
1 4 47 6 43
4 46 6 44
4 46 6 44 4 46
6 43
4 47
(i 44
26
4 52
6 37
4 51 6 37
4 51 6 ?
6 4 52 6 37
4 51 16 38
i 4 50 6 39 4 49
6 39
4 52
6 38
31 4 57
6 30
4 57 6 31
4 56'6 2
2 4 57:6 3111 4 556 33
I 4 546 35| 4 52:6 36
4 56
6 32
42
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
NOVEMBER, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND
SUN-SET ; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
g
Augusta.
Port and.
Boston.
Albany.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Washington.
Baltimore.
Raleigh.
Nashville.
Charleston.
Savannah.
New Orleans. San
Mob le. Francisco.
i
•
Day of
the
Oregon.
Chicago.
In
dianapolis.
St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas. j : Riclu
iond.
€
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
SUN
I
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
R
968. Sets.
jRis
». ' Sets.
Rises. | Sets.
Rises. I Sets.
Rises. Sets. Rises.
Sets.
1
Mon.
6 37
4 50 1 ! 6 33 4 53
(;
304
57
6 275 0
G 22 5 5
6 18 5 10
6 14!5 13 16 27
5 0
2 Tn.
6 39
4 49
G 34 4 52
6
31 4
5(5
G '.
>8 4 59
6 23 5 4
6 19 5 9
6 155 12 !6 28
4 59
3 Wed.
G 40
4 47
|6 35
4 51
6
324
".5
(1 •
J9 4 58
6 24i5 3
6 20 5 8
6 16 5 11 ! j 6 28
4 59
4|Th.
6 41
4 46
6 36
4 50
(i
334
>4
6!
50 4 57
6 25 5 2
6 21 5 7
6 17 5 10 6 29
4 58
5!Fri.
6 43
445
6 38 4 49
6
344
6 31 4 56
6 26i5 2
0 22 5 7
1 6 17 5 10 16 31
4 57
6 Sat.
6 44
4 44
6 39 4 47
ti
354
"1
6 I
52 4 55
6 27l5 1
G 23 5 6 1 j 6 18 5 9
6 32
4 56
7 Sun.
6 45
4 42
i 6 40 4 46
364
50
6 :
53 4 54
6 2S!5 0
6 24
5 5 I 6 19 5 8
G 33
4 55
8 Mon.
6 47
4 41
6 42 4 45
(i
384
111
6 3o 4 53
6 30 4 59
0 25
5 4 I 6 20 5 8
G 34
4 54
9 Tn.
G 48
4 40
6 48 4 44
6
394
IS
6 :
56 4 52
6 31 i 4 58
G 26
5 3 ! 6 20 5 7
i 6 35
4 53
10 Wed.
6 49
4 39
6 44 4 43
404
47
G J
574 51
6 32 4 57
G 27J5 2 6 21 5 6
6 37
4 52
G 51
4 38
6 46
4 42
6
424
10
G 39 4 50
6 33 4 56
6 285 2i 6 225 6
6 38
4 51
12'Fri.
6 52
4 37
6 47
4 41
(5
434
15
6 -
10 4 49
6 34 4 55
G 29 5 116 23^5 5
(i 39
4 50
13 Sat.
6 53
4 36
6 48
4 40
(i
444
44
6 41 4 48
6 35 4 54
6 30 5 0 i 1 6 24
5 5
6 40
4 49
14 Sun.
6 55
4 35
6 50
4 39
<>
464
1:5
G '
12 4 47
6 36 4 54
6 31
5 0 1 i 6 25
5 4
6 41
4 49
15 'Mon,
G 56
4 34
16 51
4 38
(i
47;4
42
G <•
13 4 46
6 37 1 4 53
6 32
4 59
(i 2(5
5 4
6 41
4 48
16;Tu.
6 57
4 33
16 52
4 37
48,4
41
6 44!4 45
6 38!4 52
6 32
6 26
5 3
G 42:4 47
17 Wed.
6 59
4 32
6 53
4 36
i;
494
JO
G '
15 4 44
6 39 4 51
6 33
4 58
6 27
5 3
6 43
4 46
!8|Th.
7 0
4 31
6 54
6
504
)(>
6 <
16 4 44
6 40 4 51
6 34
4 57
6 28
5 2
6 45
4 46
19lFri.
17 1
4 30
|6 55
4 34
6 51 4
•39
6 47 4 43
6 41 ;4 50
6 35 4 56
6 29
5 2
6 46 '4 46
20 Sat,
7 3
4 2!)
|6 57
4 34
6
524
'iS
6 '-
18 4 42
6 42|4 49
6 36 4 56
6 2!)
5 2
6 47
4 45
21 Sun.
7 4
4 29
16 58
4 33
534
38
6 49 4 42
6 42!4 49
6 36 4 55
6 30
5 1
16 47J4 45
22 Mon.
7 5
4 28
6 59
4 32 i
6
544
57
6 i
>0 4 41
6 43:4 48
6 37
4 55
6 31
5 1
6 48
4 44
23 Tn.
7 6
4 27
7 0
4 81
6
554
36
6 f
)1 4 41
6 44k 48
6 38
4 55
6 32
5 1
6 49
4 43
24 Wed.
7 8
4 26
7 2
4 31
(i
574
•56
6 52 4 41
6 45 4 47
6 39
4 54
6 33
5 0
6 50
4 43
25JTh.
[7 9
4 26
7 3
i 30
(i
584
35
6 t
>34 40
6 46 4 47
G 40 4 54
6 34
5 0
6 51
4 42
2(vFri.
7 10
4 25
7 4
4 30
(i
5914
55
6 f
>44 40
6 47 4 47
G 40 4 54
6 34
5 0
6 52
4 42
27 Sat.
17 11
4 25
7 5
4 29
7
04
!5
6 55'4 40
6 48!4 47
G 41 4 54
6 35
5 0
6 53 !4 42
28 Sun.
!7 13
4 24
7 6
4 29
7
1 '4
!5
G i
>6 4 40
6 49l4 47
6 42 4 54 G 36
5 0
6 55
4 42
29 Mon. 7 14
4 24
7 8
4 29
7
34
55
(i f
>8'4 40
6 50 4 47
G 43
4 54 H 6 37
5 0 i j 6 56
4 42
30 Tn. 1 7 15
4 23
7 9
4 28 1
7
44
34
G 59 4 39
6 5114 47
6 44 4 54 ! ! 6 38
5 O'lO 574 41
LENGTH
AND DECREASE OF DAYS.
3
Augusta.
Boston. New York.
Washington.
Rale:Sh.
Charleston. New Ojieans.
Ss
^
Portland.
Albany. Philade
Iphia.
Ballin
ore.
Nashville.
Savun lah.
Mobile.
Fran
isco.
-3
Oregon.
Chicago. Indianapolii.
St. Louia.
Msmpuis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
1
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th
Dcr. I L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dor.
1
10 13
5 19 N 10 20 4 57 10 27
4 38
10 33
4 20
10 43
3 52
10 52
3 25 ;10 59 i 3 4 10 33
4 14
3
10 8
5 25 10 16 5 1 j i 10 23
4 42
10 29
4 24
LO 39
3 56
10 48
3 28 \ 10 55 3 8 10 31
4 16
5
10 2
5 30 i 10 11 5 6 10 18
4 47
10 25
4 28
LO 35
4 0
10 45
3 32;
10 53
3 10
10 26
4 21
7
9 57
5 35
10 6 5 11
(10 14
4 51
10 21
4 32
LO 31
4 4!
10 41
3 36'
10 49
3 14
10 22
4 25
9 52
5 40
10 1 5 16
J10 9
4 56
10 16
4 37
LO 27
4 8
10 37
3 40 :
1047
3 16
10 18
4 29
11
9 47
5 45
9 59 5 18
10 5
5 0
10 11
4 42
LO 23
4 12
10 34
3 43
10 44
3 19
10 13
4 34
18
9 42
5 50
9 5215 25
10 0
5 5
10 7
4 46
10 19
4 16
10 30
3 47|
10 41
3 22
10 9
4 38
15
9 37
5 55
9 47 5 30
9 55
5 10
10 3
4 50
10 15
4 20
10 27
3 50
10 38
3 25
10 7
4 40
17
9 33
5 59
9 43 5 34
I 9 51
5 14
9 59
4 54
10 12
4 23!
10 25
3 52
10 36
3 27
10 3 4 44
1'.)
9 29
6 4
9 39!5 38
I 9 48
5 17
9 5(5
4 57
10 9
4 2(5
10 21
3 56'
10 33
3 30
10 0
4 47
21
9 256 8
9 35 5 42
! 9 44
5 21
9 53
5 01
10 6
4 29
10 19
358'
10 31
3 32
9 58
4 49
9 21 16 12
9 31 5 46
9 41
5 24
9 50
5 3
10 4
4 31
10 17
4 0;
10 29
3 34
954
4 53
25
9 17 6 16
9 27 5 50
9 37
5 28
9 47
5 6|
10 1
4 34
10 14
4 3;
10 26
3 37
9 51
1 56
27
9 1316 19
9 24 5 53
9 35
5 30
9 45
5 8
9 59
4 36
10 13
4 4'
10 25
3 38
9 49
4 58
29
9 10 6 23
9 21 5 56
9 32
5 3:{
9 42
5 11
9 57
4 38
10 11
4 6
10 23
3 40
9 46
5 1
30
9 86 24
9 19 5 58
9 30! 5 35
9 40
5 13
9 55
4 40
10 10
4 7i
10 22
3 41
9 44|5 3
1869.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
NOVEMBER, Eleventh Month.
43
•5
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN, j
MEAN TIME OP MOON'S RISING AND SETTING.
J
i
.
81
lerei
Sun at
Moon n A
ugusta. j Boston. X. Yo
rk. 1 Wa
sh'tn.
Raleigh.
Cha'ston.
N. Or'ls.
«
1 &
p(
rtland. Albany. Philac
'a.' Bal
tim'e. Vshville.
Savan'h.
Mo
ill*.
3
•s
-8
sh
*
ran.
M
x>n Mark
Meridian.
Oregon.
Chicago.
Ind'polis.
St. Louis. Memp's.
Vicksb'g.
Tea
EM.
Fr'ncisco.
1
1
Day.
Ev
nlng
Morning. '
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
1
305
27.1 9
14
11 43 41
9 45
3 20
3 21
3 21
3 22
3 23
3 24
3 25
3 28
2306
28.11 9
10
11 43 41
10 3!)
4 36
4 35
4 35
4
34
4 34
4 33
4
32
4 40
3 307
29.1
9
7
1
1 43 41
11 34
5 52
5 50
5 4
9
5
47
5 44
5 42
5
39
5 52
4 '308
0.7
!)
3
1
I 43 42 EV. si !
Sets.
Bat*.
Sets
8
cts.
Sets.
Sets.
8<
is.
Sets.
5 '309
1.7
8
59 11 43 44 1 1 28
6 28
6 31
6 3
5
(
40
6 46
6 52
6
59
6 48
6 310
2.7
8
55 ill
L 43 47 2 25
7 15
7 1!)
7 2
3
1
28
7 36
7 42
7
50
7 37
7311
3.7
8
51 111
43 51
3 22
8 9
8 13
8 1
s
8
23
8 31
8 38
8
46
8 32
8312
4.7
8
47 ill
43 5T
4 17
9 4
9 7
9 1
a
9
17
9 25
9 81
9
89
9 26
9 313
5.7
8
43 |11 44 C
5 9
10 6
10 9
10 13
10 18
10 25
10 31
10
38
10 26
10 1314
6.7
8
39 111
44 -
5 58
1
1 6
11 9
11 1
8
11
16
11 22
11 27
n
88
11 24
11 ! 315
7.7
8
a5 :ii
44 14
6 45
Morn.
Morn.
Morr
M
orn.
Morn.
Morn.
lie
tn.
Morn.
1231(5
8.7
8
31 11 44 21
7 29
7
9
12
15
19
23
2s
22
13 317
9.7
8
27 11
44 31
8 11
1 6
1 8
1 1
0
1
12
1 15
1 18
1
21
1 19
14318
10.7
8
23 ill
44 3!
8 53
2 5
2 6
2
7
s
8
2 10
2 11
2
L3
2 15
15319
11.7
8
19
11 44 5C
9 34
3 3
3 3
3
8
3
3 4
3 4
3
4
3 10
16| 320
12.7
8
15 11
45 H 10 16
4 1
4 0
35
9
:
58
3 57
3 56
8
55
4 4
17 321
13.7
8
11
11 45 13
11 0
5 0
4 58
4 57
4
55
4 52
4 50
4
47
5 0
18
822
14.7
8
8
11
45 2(
11 45
5 59
5 57
5 5
5
5
52
5 48
5 44
5
40
5 56
Hi
323
15.7
8
4 11
45 3!
Morn.
]
i ses.
Rises.
Rise.
R
ses.
Rises.
Rises.
Rii
Rises.
20
324
16.7
8
0 11 45 54
33
5 52
5 55
6
0
6
4
6 11
6 18
6
25
6 13
21
325
17.7
7
56 11 46 i
1 24
6 28
6 32
6 3
6
(i
41
6 49
6 55
7
4
6 50
22
32(5
18.7
7
52 11
46 25
2 16
7 30
7 34
7 3
,)
. 7
44
7 52
7 59
8
7
7 53
23
327
19.7
7
48 11
46 42
3 10
8 30
8 30
8 3
4
8
40
8 46
8 57
9
5
8 49
21
328
20.7
7
44
11
46 59
4 5
9 34
9 37
9 4
1
9
45
9 51
9 57
10
4
9 53
25
329
21.7
7
40
11
47 IS
4 59
10 41
10 44
10 47
10 50
10 55
11 0
11
5
10 58
20
330
22.7
7
36 111
47 37
5 52
1
1 50
11 52
11 5
\
11
56
12 0
Morn.
Mi
rn.
Morn.
27
331
23.7
7
32
11
47 57
6 44
]
Horn.
Morn.
Morr
M
orm
Morn.
3
7
4
28 332
24.7
7
28
11
48 17
7 36
1 2
1 3
1
4
1
1 7
1 9
1
11
1 12
29 333
25.7
7
24
11
48 39
8 28
2 15
2 15
2 1
5
•)
15
2 15
2 15
2
15
2 22
30 a34 I
20.7
7
20 11
49 1
9 20
3 27
3 27
3 25
s
24
3 22
3 21
3
19
3 30
MOON'S
PHASES, &c.
WASHINGTON. FRA^SCO>
SITUATION OP THE PLANETS.
New Moon
D.
3
6 27 Ev. 3
H3 26 Ev.
Venus in Scorpio until the 8th, then in t .
First Quarter
Full Moon
10
1!)
9 47 Ev. 10 6 46 Ev.
2 10 Mo. 18 11 9 Ev.
Mars in Scorpio until the 28th.
.Tnnitpr in A IMPS Jill thf* month
Last Quarter
Moon in Perigee..
Moon in Apogee..
Moon in Perigee..
26
2
14
50
1 6 Ev. 26 10 5 Mo. Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
0.4 Ev. 2 9.4 Mo. Uranus in Gemini all the month.
3.7 Ev. 14 0.7 Ev. 1 Jupiter brightest this month.
4.1 Ev. 30 1.1 Ev. I Mars nearest Saturn the 9th.
MEAN TIME OP BEGINNING AND END OP TWILIGHT.
4
Augusta.
Bos
on.
New York.
Waal ingtom
Raleigh.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
San
^
Port and.
Alba
ny.
Philadelphia.
Bait more.
Nash
-ille.
Savannah.
Mobile.
Francisco.
•3
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis.
St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
|
Begins, j Enc
8.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins. ! Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begin
i. Ends.
Begins. '; Ends.
Begins. Ends.
1
4 59:6 28
4 58
6 30
4 57 i 6 31
4 5'
6 31
4 55
6 33
4 5
46 34
4 53 6 a5
4 56 6 31
6
556 23
5 4
6 24
5 3i6 25
5 2|6 26
5 0
6 28
4 5
8 6 30
4 57 6 32
5 11627
11
5 11 6 ]
8
5 9
6 20
5 86 20
5 t
6 22
5 4
6 24
5
2(5 27
5 0 6 29
5 5623
16
5 17 6 ]
3
5 14
6 16
5 13 6 16
5 If
6 19
5 8
6 21
5
6 6 24
5 4!6 27
5 96 20
21
5 22 6 10
5 19
6 13
5 186 14 i
5 1."
6 17
5 12
6 19
5 10 6 22
5 7!6 26
5 13 6 18
20
5 276
8
5 24
6 11
5 23 6 121
5 2C
> 6 15
5 17
6 18
5 1
46 21
5 10 6 25
5 18 6 16
80
5 31 6
7
5 28
6 10
5 26!6 11 !
5 24 6 14 j
5 20
6 17
5 1
7 6 21
5 12i6 25
5 22 6 15
44
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[18(50.
DECEMBER, 1869.
MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN
SET;
FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB.
9
Augusta.
Portland.
Boston.
Albany.
New York. ! Washington. | I Raleigh.
Philadelphia. Halt r.ore. II Nashville.
Charleston.
New Orleans. ! San
Mob le. i Francisco.
X
Day of
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indiuuapolis.
St. LouU
. j Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
-.
the
'
s
'T
Week.
SUN
SUN
SUN
SCN
SUN
SUN
SUN SUN
1
Rises.
Sets.
Rises. I Sets. Rises. -Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets.
Rises.
Sets. Rises.
Sets.
1
Wed.
7 10 4 23
7 10 4 28 i f
r 54 34
7
0 4 31)
6 52 4 46
1644
4 54
6 39
5 6 i 6 57
4 41
•2
Th.
7 17 4 22
7 11
428 r
' 64 34
7
1
1 .
59
6 f
,:!
4 46 ! i 6 45
4 54
6 40
5 06 58
4 41
3
Fri.
7 18,4 22
7 12
4 28
7 7|4 34
7
2 4 39
6 54
4 46
6 46
4 54
6 40
5 0 |7 0
4 41
4
Sat.
7 19 4 22
7 13
4 28
1
' 84 33
7
3
I :
19
6 i
,.-)
4 46
6 47
4 54
6 41
50171
4 41
5
Sun.
7 20 4 22
7 14
4 28
' 94 33
7
1
1 :
J8
6 .
,li
4 46
6 47
4 54
6 42
5 0!|7 1
4 41
o
Mon.
7 21
4 22
7 15
4 28
•
' 10 4 33
7
5
4 :
;s
6 i
n
4 46
6 48
4 54
6 43
5 07 2
4 41
7
Tu.
7 22
4 22
7 16
4 28
1
11 4 33
7
(5 4 38
i 6 58
4 46
6 49
4 54
6 44
5073
4 41
8
Wed.
7 23
4 22
7 17
4 28: '
12 4 33
7
7
4 :
58 i 6 i
i)
4 46
6 50
4 54
6 44
5 1
17 4
4 41
g
Th.
7 24
4 21
7 18
4 28. r
13 4 33
7
8
1 :
)8 :6£
>9
4 46
6 50
4 54
6 45
5 1
7 5
4 41
to
Fri.
7 25
4 21
7 19
4 28
7 14 4 33
7
9:4 38
?
04 46
6 51
4 54
6 46
5 1
7 6
4 42
11
Sat.
7 20
4 21
7 20
4 28
r
15 4 33 7
10
4 :
,s
7
1
4 46
6 5-2
4 55
6 46
5 1
|7 7
4 42
12
Sun.
7 27
4 22
7 21
1 28 "
164 33 7
11
1 :
s
7
•2
4 46 6 53
4 55
6 47
5 2
7 8
4 42
13
Mon.
7 28 4 22
7 22
1 -23 "
164 33 7
11 14 38
7
3
4 46 ! i 6 54 4 55
648
5 2
7 8
4 43
li
Tu.
7 28|4 22
7 23
4 28
'
174 33
7
12
1 :
58
7
i
4 46 6 55
455
6 485 2
7 9
4 43
15
Wed.
7 -29
4 22
7 24
4 29
'
18 4 34
7'
13
1 :
!)
7
5
4 47
6 56
4 56
6 49 5 3
7 9
4 44
Hi
Th.
7 30
4 22
7 24
4 29
7 18 4 34
7
13|4 39
7
54 47
6 56
4 56
6 49 5 3
7 10
4 44
17
l,s
Fri.
Sat.
7 30 4 23
7 31 ! 4 23
7 25
7 25
4 29
4 29
7 19 4 34
7 19 4 34
7
7
14 4 40 7
14 4 40 7
6 4 48 6 57
(i 4 48 6 57
4 56 i 6 50
4 56 i 6 50
5 3
5 3
17 11
;7 11
4 44
4 45
I'.i
Sun.
7 32 4 23
7 26
4 30
7
20 4 35
7
15
1 -
1
7
1
4 49 1 6 58
4 57
6515 4
7 12
4 45
20
2i
Mon.
Tu.
7 32
7 33
4 24
4 24
7 26
7 27
4 30
4 31
7 20 4 35
7 21 4 36
7
7
154 41
15 4 42
7
1
7
8
4 49 6 58
4 50 6 59
4 57
4 58
16515 4
6 52:5 5
7 12
7 13
4 45
4 46
2-2
Wed.
7 33
4 25
7 27
4 31
7 21 4 36
7
164 42
7
s
4 50 ! 6 59
4 58
6 52 5 5 ! 7 13
4 46
>:}
Th.
7 33
4 25
7 28
432
7
22 4 37
7
16
4 4
3
7
9
4 51
7 0
4 59
6 53
5 6 1 7 13
4 47
•>!
Fri.
7 34
4 26
7 23
4 32
7
22 4 37
7
II)
4 43
7
94 51
17 0 4 59
6 53
5 6
17 14
4 47
25
Sat.
7 34
4 27
7 28
4 33
7
22 4 38
7
4 4
!
7
9
4 52
7 0
5 0
6 53
5 7
7 14
4 48
26
Sun.
7 35
4 27
7 29
4 33
7
23 4 38
7
17
1
4
7
9
4 52
7 1
5 1
6 54
5 7
17 15
4 49
27
Mon.
7 35
4 28
7 29
4 34 i
7
23 4 39
7 17 |4 45
7
94 53
7 1
5 1
6 54
5 8
7 15
4 49
28
Tu.
7 35
4 29
7 29
4 34!
7
234 39 i
7
is
1 <
•5
7' 1
0
4 53
7 1
5 2
6 55
5 9
i 7 15
4 50
29 Wed.
7 .35
4 29
7 29
4 35
1
23 4 40
7
is
1
6
7 1
0
4 54 7 2
5 3
6 55
5 9
7 16
4 51
30 Th.
7 3»5 4 30
7 30
4 36 :
7
24 4 41
7
18
1
77]
0
4 55 7 2
5 4
6 55 5 10 ; 7 16
4 51
8l|Fri. 7 30 4 31 7 30
4 37 1 7 24 4 42
7
19 4 48 i 7 11
4 56 i i 7 35 5
,6 56 5 111 7 16 4 52
LENGTH AND DECREASE OP
DAYS.
f'
Augusta.
Boston.
New York. Washington.
Raleigh.
Charles
own.
New Orleans.
San
Portland.
Albany.
Philade
Iphia. Baltit
uV<
Nub
in
Savanr
ah.
Mobile.
Francisco.
8
•s
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Texas.
Richmond.
1
L'th. 1 Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr. L'th.
Dcr.
L'th.
Dcr.
L'th. |
Dor.
L'th. Dcr. ! L'th.
Dcr.
1
976 26
9 18 5 59
9 29
5311 9395
11
9 54
4
48
10 10 4 19
10 21 4 44
9 44 5 3
3
9 46 28
9 16 6 1
9 27
5 33 9 37
r»
16
9 52
4
50
10 8
4 21
10 20 4 45'
9 41 5 6
5
9 1 6 31
9 u;e 3
9 24
5 36 I 9 34
5
19
9 50
1
52
10 7
422J
10 18 4 47;
9 405 7
7
8 50 6 33
9 12i6 5
9 22
5 33 9 32
5
22
9 48
1
54
10 5
I 24
10 17 4 48;
9 38 5 9
9
8 57 0 35
9 10 6 7
920540 9305231
9 474
55
10 44 25
10 16 4 49
9 36 5 11
11
8 55 6 37
9 86 9
9 18
5 42 9 28
5
2.->
9 45
1
57
10 2
4 27
10 15 4 50
9 35 5 12
18
8 53 6 38
9 66 11
9 17
5 43 9 27
5 26
9 434
59
10 1 4 28
10 144 5l!
9 35
5 12
15
8 53 0 39
9 56 12
9 16
5 44 9 26
5
27
9 42
5
0
10 0
4 29
10 13 4 52;
9 35
5 12
17
8 5-26 40
9 4 6 13
9 15
5 45 9 26
5
27
9 42
5
0
9 59
1 30
10 13 4 52
9 33
5 14
19
851(5 41
9 4 6 13
9 15
5 45 9 26
5 27
9 42
5
0
9 5!) 4 30
10 13 4 52
9 33
5 14
21
8 51 I Incr.
9 4
[ Incr.
9 15
Incr. 9 26
In
9 42
i
icr.
9 59
Incr.
10 13 Incr.
9 33
Incr.
2:;
8510 0
9 4
0 0
9 15
00 9 26
0
*o
9 '42
o
0
9 59
) Oi
10 13|0 0
9 34
0 1
2.">
85-20 1
9501
9 16
0 1 il 27
0
0
9 42
0
0
9 59
3 0
10 13 0 0
9 34
0 1
8 53 0 2
9 50 1
9 16|0 1 9 2710
1
9 43 0
1
10 0[0 1
10 14|0 l!
9 34|0 1
J9
8 53 0 4
9 60 2
9 17
02 9 28
0
2
9 44
0
2
10 1
) 2
10 14:0 1
9 35 0 2
il
8 54 0 5
9703
9 18 0 3 9 29 0
3
9 45 0
3 |10 2iO 3
10 1510 2
9 36 0 3
1809.]
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT,
45
DECEMBER, Twelfth Month.
.
4
WASHINGTON MERIDIAN.
MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND
SETTING.
1 2
.-
Sidereal
Sun at
Moon
, Augusta.
Boston.
N. York. | Wa
sh'cn. Raleigh. Cha'ston. N. Or'ls.
1
1
•s
''| S,
S *
Xoon Mark
Meridian.
Portland.
Oregon.
Albany.
Chicago.
Philad'a.
Ind'polis.
Bi
St.
tim'e.
Louis.
N'shville. Savan'h.
Memp's. Vicksb'g.
Mobile.
Texas.
Fr'ncisco.
i
1
|Day.
Evening.
Morning.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
Rises.
J
335
27.7
7
16
11 49 24
10 14
4 42
4 40
4 38
4 36
4 32
4 2!
4
25
4 40
2
330
2
8.7
7
12
11 49 47
11 10
5 57
5 54
5 51
5
47
5 42
5 3r
5
:;-2
5 51
s
337
(.:•!
7
9
11 50 11
Ev. 7
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
Sets.
4
338
1.8
7
5
11 50 35
1 5
5 51
5 55
0 0
0
5
6 13
6 2f
6
28
j 14
5 339
2 '•>
7
1
11 51 1
2 2
6 48
6 52
6 57
1
2
7 10
7 r
7
£5
7 11
01340
\.'l
(
57
11 51 2G
2 57
7 49
7 52
7 57
s
2
8 9
8 1(
8
23 !
3 10
7341
4.3
6
53
11 51 52
3 49
8 51
8 54
8 58
9 2
9 9
9 15
9
21 9 11
8342
") '•>
t;
49
11 52 19
4 38
9 53
9 55
9 59
10
2
10 7
10 15.
10
17
1
3 10
9 343
1.3
ti
45
11 52 4(
5 24
10 54
10 50
10 58
n
1
11 5
11 8
11
• -i
1
I 8
10 344
7.3
t;
41
11 53 13
6 7
11 53
11 54
11 56
n
57
11 59
Morn.
11 345
^.3
(;
37
11 53 41
6 49
Morn.
Morn.
Morn.
M
orn.
Morn.
t
4
4
12346
i :>
t;
33
11 54 9
7 30
52
52
53
53
54
55
66
I 0
14
347 10.3
348 11.3
6
6
29
•2.-)
11 54 38
11 55 7
8 12
8 55
1 50
2 49
1 50
2 48
1 49
2 46
1 49
2 45
1 48
2 43
1 48
2 41
1
2
89
1 55
2 50
15
349! 1
ti
21
11 55 36
9 39
3 48
8 46
3 44
3
41
3 38
3 35
3
si
3 40
16
17
l.S
350 13.3
351 14.3
352 H5.3
O5O5O
11
14
1!)
11 56 5
11 50 34
11 57 4
10 26
11 16
Morn.
4 47
5 48
Rises.
4 45
5 45
Rises.
442
5 41
Rises.
4
5
B
39
37
scs.
4 34
5 31
Rises.
4 29
5 25
Rises.
4
6
Rii
•2\
19
4 43
5 41
Rises.
1!)
353
10.3
6
6
11 57 33
9
5 23
5 27
5 32
5
37
5 45
5 52
6
(i
5 46
•20
354 1
1
V.')
6
2
11 58 3
1 4
6 22
6 26
6 31
6
36
6 43
6 51
6
58
1 44
21
22
856 f 18.8
350 19.3
5
5
58
54
11 58 33
11 59 3
2 0
2 55
7 26
8 22
7 29
8 25
7 33
8 39
7 38
8 42
7 45
8 48
7 51
8 53
7
8
58
" ;)
7 46
8 50
•2:!
357
•2
6
50
11 59 33
3 49
9 43
9 45
9 47
9
50
9 54
9 5£
10
2
) 57
24
358
2
5
46
12 0 3
4 42
10 53
10 54
10 56
10
57
10 59
11 S
1 !
4
1
1 4
25
:»)
2-2.3
5 42
12 0 33
5 33
Morn.
JZorn.
Morn.
Morn.
M<
Morn.
•-ill
•-!(i()
2,
i.3
5
88
12 1 3
6 23
3
3
4
4
5
fi
(i
10
27
301
24.3
5
34
12 1 32
7 14
1 13
1 13
1 12
i
11
1 10
1 i
1
8
1 17
28
30:2
21
-,.:}
5
30
12 2 2
8 6
2 25
2 24
2 22
•2
20
2 18
2 U
2
13
2 25
29 363
2
i.3
5
26
12 2 31
8 59
3 37
8 35
3 82
3
29
3 25
3 21
3
16
? 34
30 364
31 1 365
27.3
28.3
5
5
22
19
12 3 0
12 3 2!)
9 54
10 50
4 49
0 7
4 45
0 3
4 42
5 59
\
6
38
54
4 32
5 47
4 26
5 40
4
6
20
33
4 42
5 57
MOO
PHASE
NnS
S, &o.
WASHINGTON.
BAK
FRANCISCO. 1
SITUATION OF THE PLANETS.
1
D. H. M.
V) . II . M .
tfew Moon
3 5 33 Mo.
3 2 32 Mo.
Venus in Sagittarius until the Oth.
thenin-v3.
First Qua
rter..
10 6 3 Ev.
10 3 2 Ev.
Mars in Sa
gittarius all the n
lOllth
Full Moo
n.. .
18 6 42 Ev.
IS 3 41 Ev.
Jupiter in
Aries all the mon
th.
Last Quarter
Moon in Apogee..
25 9 20 Ev.
12 10.1 Mo.
25 6 25 Ev.
12 7.1 Mo.
Saturn in Scorpio all the month.
Uranus in Gemini all the month.
Moon in Perigee..
27 1.7 Ev.
27 10.7 Mo.
MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT.
5
Augu
jta.
Boston.
New Ye
rk. Washington.
Raleigh.
Cha*leston.
New Orleans.
San
§
Portl
md.
Albany.
Philadel
jhia. Baltimore.
Nashville.
Savannah..
Mol
ile.
Franc
isco.
"3
Oregon.
Chicago.
Indianapolis. St. Louis.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.
Tei
as.
Richmond.
ft
Begins.
Ends.
Begins. Ends.
Begins, j Ends. Begins, j Ends.
Begins. ! Ends.
Begins. Ends.
1 Begins.] Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
i
5 32
6 7
5 29 0 9
5 27 0 11 5 25 0 13 ', 5 21 0 17
5 17 6 21
5 13 0 25
5 23
0 15
6
5 37
6 6
5 34 0 9
5 32 f
i 11 5 29 6 14
5 25:6 18
5 21 16 22
5 17
0 20
5 27
0 10
11
5 41
6 7
5 38 6 8
5 30 f
5 11 5 33 6 14
5 28 6 19
5 24 6 24
5 21
6 27
5 31
0 17
16
5 44
fi 8
5416 9
5 896 12 5 366 15
5 3116 21
5 27 6 27
5 24
0 28
5 34
6 18
••'!
5 47
6 10
5 44|6 12
5 42't
J 14 5 39 6 17 i
5 35 '6 23
5 30 6 29
5 27
0 29
5 37
0 20
26
.',1
5 49i6 13
5 62 16 15
5 4616 15
5 48|6 19
5 44 0 17 1 5 41 6 20 |
545621 543624!
5 37:6 25
5 39 6 29
5 32 6 31
5 34 6 33
5 2! Hi 3->
5 31 10 30
5 39
5 41
0 22
ti 26
40 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
PLANETARY CONJUNCTIONS AND OTHER PHENOMENA.
MONTH.
Aspect.
Washington
Mean Time.
Aspect.
•Washington
Mean Time.
Distance Apart.
P
Jan.
D near $
9 near *>
Jil 8 Sun
$ stationary
]) near ^
J) near ?
J) near if
J) near $
V gr. eloi^.E.
J) near ^
]) near 9
5 8 Sun
)) near if
5 near $
if 6 Neptune
9 near s
1) near ^
^ D Sun
>) near 9
J) near if
S gr. elon. W.
]) near £
^ stationary
$ stationary
J) near ^
1) near ?
f) near if
9 d Neptune
if c5 Sun
D near $
if near 9
if near $
$ near 5
D near *>
? sup. 6 Sun
5 near if
J) near ?
§ near $
$ D Sun
)) near ^
5 gr. elon. E.
*> 8 Sun
D near if
D near ?
J> near $
D. H. M.
2 6 30 Mo.
2 10 32 Ev.
5 9 8 Mo.
5 0 42 Ev.
9 8 27 Mo.
9 12 0 Ev.
18 8 9Ev.
29 9 55 Mo.
3 8 45 Ev.
5 6 44 Ev.
9 8 40 Mo.
13 11 35 Mo.
15 0 26 Ev.
25 5 38 Mo.
26 10 58 Ev.
28 1 32 Mo.
5 3 54 Mo.
7 3 48 Mo.
11 5 59 Ev.
15 6 19 Mo.
18 3 36 Mo.
24 7 6 Mo.
26 10 52 Mo.
27 6 4 Mo.
1 0 40 Ev.
11 2 10 Mo.
12 1 26 Mo.
13 6 OEv.
17 1 20 Mo.
20 8 2 Ev.
22 8 9Ev.
24 1 OEv.
26 2 33 Ev.
28 8 46 Ev.
9 3 16 Mo.
9 9 23 Ev.
11 9 47 Mo.
18 5 17 Ev.
19 3 8Ev.
26 3 21 Mo.
29 10 14 Mo.
4 7 29 Mo.
6 5 36 Ev.
10 3 27 Ev.
15 7 50 Ev.
o t
$ 2 ON.
9 0 15 S.
liUSO OE.
* 310S.
9 3 20 S.
if 3 7N.
S 3 13 N.
S 18 15 E.
* 3 68.
? 2 OS.
$ 180 OE.
if 3 29 N.
$ 4 7N.
if 0 32 N.
5 3 52 N.
*> 2 54 S.
* 90 OW.
? 0 29 N.
if 3 46 N.
S 27 43 W.
$ 332N.
* 244S.
? 3 UN.
if 359N.
? 0 17 N.
if 0 0
S 1 58 N.
? 0 7S.
$ 0 IN.
S 0 22N.
* 2 33 S.
? 0 0
if 4 9N.
9 4 33 N.
S 0 2N.
$ 90 OE.
% 217S.
S 23 16 E.
* 180 OE.
11 417N.
9 3 55 N.
S 1 57 S.
June.
]) near ^
9 A V
Sun apogee
D near if
J) near 9
I) near $
5 gr. elon. W.
D near ^
f) near if
Sun Eclipsed
£> near 9
I) near $
if D Sun
^ stationary
J) near ^
D near if
^ n Sun
1) near 9
J) near 5
if stationary
l> near ^
J> near if
5 gr. elon. E.
9 near $
}) near $
]) near ?
2 near *>
D near if
^ near ?
2 gr. elon. W.
D near $
I) near ^
J) near 9
if 8 Sun
36^
J) near if
J) near ^
J) near $
X» near $
^ 6 Sun
^ near v
9 gr. elon. E.
D near if
]) near ^
Sun perigee
D. H. M.
22 8 6 Mo.
25 7 52 Mo.
3 3 8Ev.
4 0 52 Ev.
10 3 50 Ev.
14 2 31 Mo.
16 4 57 Ev.
19 11 44 Mo.
1 5 29 Mo.
7 5 2Ev.
9 10 49 Mo.
11 1 11 Ev.
12 6 2 Mo.
14 6 58 Ev.
15 4 11 Ev.
28 5 29 Ev.
3 3 34 Mo.
8 4 13 Mo.
9 4 2 Mo.
9 3 54 Ev.
11 11 34 Ev.
24 11 31 Ev.
25 5 39 Ev.
6 5 24 Mo.
7 11 1 Ev.
8 0 33 Mo.
9 10 55 Mo.
22 0 26 Mo.
25 9 5Ev.
4 12 0 Ev.
5 9 40 Ev.
6 1 35 Mo.
7 0 57 Mo.
8 1 11 Mo.
9 9 41 Mo.
17 11 42 Ev.
3 5 35 Ev.
4 10 52 Ev.
7 0 4 Mo.
11 8 8 Mo.
12 7 5 Mo.
13 3 2Ev.
15 1 34 Mo.
31 8 35 Mo.
31 0 52 Ev.
0 /
* 2 37 S.
9 0 42 N.
if 4 19 N.
? 1 40 N.
S 3 45 S.
« 20 24 W
* 2 50 S.
if 4 14 N.
? 1 40 S.
$ 5 83.
if 90 OW.
* 2 57 S.
if 4 2N.
* 90 OE.
9 4 53 S.
$ 5 48 S.
* 2 54 S.
if 3 47 N.
S 26 4E.
9 0 38S.
$ 5 39 S.
9 6 20 S.
* 2 ,39 S.
if 3 41 N.
9 3 31 S.
S 18 55 W.
t 4 40 S.
*> 2 22 S.
9 5 20 S.
if ISO 0 E.
$ 2 11 S.
if 3 48 N.
*> 2 78.
$ 3 6 S.
$ 2 15 S.
*> 00
5 2 26 S.
9 47 19 E.
'if 4 5N.
* 156S.
July.
Feb.
Mar.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
April.
Nov.
May.
Dec.
June.
NOTE.— In the table above it is to be understood that the word "near" and the character 6
(conjunction) are synonymous and mean that the two bodies are nearest each other at the time
expressed, and that they are then on a line running from the North Pole through both bodies,
and have the same right ascension. GB. ELON. means, greatest elongation, or greatest appar
ent angular distance from the Sun. STATIONARY means that the planet is then without appar
ent motion east or west, with respect to the stars, and is about to move in a direction contrary
to that it last had. The character s indicates that the planet is opposite the sun, or 180°, or a
half circle east of it, and rises .when the Sun sets, and sets when he rises. When a planet is a
quarter of a circle, or 90° from the Sun, east or west, it is known by D . PLANETARY CHARAC
TERS : s Mercury, 9 Venus, $ Mars, if Jupiter, ^ Saturn, J£ Uranus, Jp Neptune, ]) Moon.
The above table enables us to find the planets throughout the year.
SATURN'S RINGS.
These Rings will be visible all this year, the visual line making an angle of little more than
26° with the plane of the Rings. Their northern surface is visible, the sun and earth being
elevated above that side. They appear elliptical, and this year rather more than twice as long
as wide.
1869.] ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. 47
DIAMETER, REVOLUTIONS, &c., OF SUN AND PRINCIPAL PLANETS.
NAMES.
Diameter in
Miles.
Distance from Sun
in Miles.
Pe
riodical Revol
ution.
Rotation on Axis.
Sun
Mercury
887,000
2,950
7,800
7,912
4,500
88,000
73.000
36,000
33,000
36,890,000
68,000,000
95,365,000
145,205.000
495,917,000
909,026.000
1,829,000,000
2,864.000,000
YKB.
0
0
1
1
11
29
84
164
D.
87
224
0
321
317
164
26
26
H.
23
16
6
23
14
5
17
17
M.
15
49
9
81
2
16
21
6
44
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
1
0
0
1
0
0
7
0
•2:5
23
0
9
10
48
5
21
58
87
56
16
i.
6
28
21
4
0
0
0
Earth
Jupiter
Saturn
Neptune
PRIMARY PLANETS AND ASTEROIDS.
NAMES.
Date of Discovery.
Discoverer.
NAMES.
Date of Discovery.
Discoverer.
Mercury
( Known to the
) Ancients.
( Known to the
| Ancients.
1847, Oct. 18....
1852, June 24. ..
1850, Sept. 13...
1853, Nov. 8....
1807, March 29..
1847, Aug. 13...
1848, April 25. . .
1854, July 22. . . .
1853, April 6....
1852, Sept. 19...
1847, July 1
1852, Nov. 15...
1852, Aug. 22...
1850, May 11....
1852, April 17...
1855, Oct. 5
1834, March 1...
1845, Dec. 8
1854, Oct. 26....
1850, Nov. 2....
1851, May 19....
1852, Dec. 15. ...
1851, July 29....
1853, May 5
1855, April 6....
1804, Sept. 1....
1856, Jan. 12....
1801, Jan. 1
1802, March 28..
1855. Oct. 5
1854, March 1...
1854, Oct. 28....
1855, April 19. . .
1852, Nov. 16 . .
1852, March 17. .
1853, April 5....
1849, April 12...
1854, Sept. 1....
1856, Feb. 8
1856, March 31..
1856, Mav 22. . . .
1856, May 23. . . .
1857. April 16...
1857, May 27. ...
1857, June 28...
1857. Aug. 16...
1857. Sept. 9. ...
Hind.
Hind.
Hind.
Hind.
Olbers.
Hind.
Graham.
Hind.
Chacornac.
De Gasparis.
Hencke.
Goldschmidt.
Hind.
De Gasparis.
Luther.
Luther.
Marth.
Hencke.
Goldschmidt.
De Gasparis.
Hind.
Hind.
De Gasparis.
Luther.
Chacornac.
Harding.
Chacornac.
Piazzi.
Olbers.
Goldschmidt.
Luther.
Chacornac.
Luther.
Hind.
De Gasparis.
De Gasparis.
De Gasparis.
Ferguson.
Chacornac.
Goldschmidt.
Goldschmidt.
Pogson.
Pogson.
Goldschmidt.
Goldschmidt.
Pogson.
Goldschmidt.
Aglaia
1857, Sept. 15. . .
1857, Sept. 19. . .
1857, Sept. 19...
1857, Oct. 4
1858, Jan. 22....
1858, Feb. 6 ....
1858, April 4....
1858, Sept. 10. . .
1858, Sept. 10. . .
1859, Sept. 22...
1860, March 24. .
1860, Sept. 12. . .
1860, Sept. 9....
1860, Sept. 14. . .
1860, Sept. 14. . .
1861, Feb. 11....
1861, March 6...
1861, March 10..
1861, April 10...
1861, April 18...
1861, April 29...
1861, April 29...
1861, May5
1861, May 29....
1861, Aug. 13...
1862, April 7....
1862, Auc. 29...
1862, Sept. 22...
1862. Oct. 21....
1862, Nov. 12...
1863, March 15..
1863, Sept. 15...
1864. May 2
1864, Sept. 30. . .
1864, Nov. 27...
1865, April 26. . .
1865, Aug. 25 ...
1865, Sept. 19...
1866, Jan. 4....
1866, May 16. ...
1866
1866, Aug. 6....
1866, Oct. 1
1866, Nov. 4
1867. July 26....
1867, Aug. 24...
1867, Sept. 6
j Known to the
) Ancients.
1781. March 18..
1846, Sept. 23...
Luther.
Goldschmidt.
Goldschmidt.
Ferguson.
Laurent.
Goldschmidt.
Luther.
Goldschmidt.
Searle.
Luther.
Luther.
Chacornac.
Goldschmidt.
Ferguson.
Dr. Forster.
De Gasparis.
Tempel.
Tempel.
Tuttle.
Pogson.
Luther.
Schiaparelli.
Goldschmidt.
Peters.
Luther.
Tuttle.
Tempel.
Dr. Peters.
D'Arrest.
Dr. Peters.
Luther.
Watson.
Pogson.
Luther.
Tempel.
De Gasparis.
Luther.
Peters.
Tietjen.
Pogson.
Peters.
Stephen.
Luther.
Stephen.
Dr. Peters.
Watson.
Watson.
Herschel.
Le Verrier.
Venus
Earth
Doris
Pales
Mars
Flora
Melpomene
Victoria
Euterpe
Vesta
Virginia
Nemausa
Europa
Calypso
Alexandra
Pandora
Iris
Metis
Mnemosyne ...
Concordia
Olympia
Urania
Phocea
Massilia
Hebe
Lutetia
Danae
Echo
Erato
Ausonia .
Fortuna
Angelina
Maximiliana. . .
Maia
Parthenope
Thetis
Fides . . .
Amphitrite
Astnea
Pomona
Asia
Leto
Hesperia
Panopea
E^eria
Feronia
Niobe
Clyde
Gcalatea
Eurydice
Freia
Frieda
Irene
Thalia
Eunomia
Proserpine
Circe
Juno
Leda
Diana
Eurynome
Sappho
Terpsichore
Alcmena
Beatrix
Clio
Ceres
Pallas
Atalanta
Bellona
Polyhymnia
Leucothea
Calliope
Psyche
lo
Themis
Hygeia
Euphrosyne
Ljetitia
Harmonia
Daphne
isis ;..;
Silvia
Thisbe
(89)
Antiope
(91)
Undina
(93)
(94)
Ariadne
Nysa
Eugenia
Hestia . . .
Melete
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune..
48 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
AND VALUABLE TIDE TABLE FOR ONE HUNDRED AND TEN PLACES.
PLACES.
Estab
lishment
of Port.
Hight of
Spring
Tide.
Neap
Tide.
PLACES.
Estab
lishment
of Port.
Hight of
Spring
Tide.
Neap
Tide.
NORTH -EAST COAST.
Hanniwell's Point
H. M.
11 15
FEET.
9.3
FEET.
7.0
Egg Island Light
H. M.
9 4
FEET.
7.0
FEET.
5.1
Portland
Portsmouth ..
11 25
11 23
9.9
99
7.0
7 l>
Mahon's River
Newcastle
9 52
11 53
6.9
0.9
5.0
6 0
Newburyport
11 22
9 1
0 6
Philadelphia
1 18
0.8
5 1
Rockport
Salem
10 57
11 13
10.2
10.0
7.1
7.0
CHESAPEAKE, &c.
Boston Light
Boston
Plymouth
11 12
11 27
11 19
10.9
11.3
11.4
8.1
8.5
9.0
Old Point Comfort
Point Lookout
Annapolis.
8 17
0 32
4 38
3.0
1.9
1.0
2.0
0.7
0 8
Wellfleet
Province town
Monomoy
11 5
11 22
11 58
13.2
10.8
5.3
9.2
7.7
2.6
Bodkin Light
Baltimore
Washington
5 42
(5 33
7 44
1.3
1.5
3.4
0.8
0.9
2.0
Nantucket
12 24
3.0
2.6
City Point
2 11
3.0
2.5
Hyannis
12 22
3.9
1.8
Richmond
4 32
3.4
2.3
Ediirartown
12 16
25
1 6
Tappahannock
0 42
1.9
1 3
HoTmes1 Hole
Tarpaulin Cove
11 48
8 4
1.8
2.8
1.3
1.8
SOUTHERN COAST.
Wood's Hole (N.)
7 59
4.7
3.1
Hatteras Inlet
7 4
2.2
1.8
Wood's Hole (S.)
Menemsha Liirht
8 34
7 45
2.0
3.9
1.2
1.8
Beaufort (N. C.)
Bald Head.
7 20
7 20
3.3
5.0
2.2
3.4
Quick's Hole (N )
7 31
4 3
29
Smithville
7 19
5.5
3 8
Quick's Hole (8.)
Cuttyhunk
7 3(5
7 40
3.8
4.2
2.3
2.9
Wilmington
Georgetown Entrance
9 6
7 5(5
3.1
4.7
2.2
2.7
Kettle Cove
7 48
5.0
3.7
Bull's Island Bay
7 16
5.7
3.7
Bird Island Light
New Bedford
7 59
7 57
5.3
4.0
3.5
28
Charleston
St Helena Sound
7 20
7 8
(5.0
7.4
4.1
4.4
Newport
7 45
4.6
3.1
Fort Pulaski
7 20
8.0
5.9
Point Judith
Block Island
7 32
7 3(5
3.7
3.5
2.6
20
Savannah
Doboy Lio-ht
8 13
7 33
7.6
7.8
5.5
5.4
Montauk Point
Sandv Hook.
8 20
7 29
2.4
5.0
1.8
4.0
St. Simon's
Fort Clinch
7 43
7 53
8.2
6.7
5.4
5.3
New York
8 13
5.4
3.4
St John's River
7 28
5.5
3 7
HUDSON RIVER.
St. Augustine
Cape Florida
8 21
8 34
4.9
1.8
3.0
1.2
Dobb's Ferry
9 19
4.4
2.7
8 23
2 2
1 3
Tarrvtown
9 57
4.0
2.7
'> Q
0 fi
Verplanck's Point
10 8
3.8
2.5
Key West.
9 30
1.5
0.9
West Point
11 2
3.2
2.0
Tortugas
9 50
1.5
0.6
Tivoli
1 24
4.6
3.2
Charlotte Harbor
Tampa Bay
13 9
11 21
1.3
1.8
0.8
1.0
Stuyvesant.
3 23
4.4
3.0
Ca^tleton
4 29
3.0
2.3
Greenbush
LONG ISLAND SOUND.
Watch Hill
5 22
9n
2.5
3 1
1.9
o 4
WESTERN COAST.
San Diego
9 33
5.0
2.3
Stonington
9 7
3.2
2.2
San Pedro
9 39
4.7
2.2
Little Gull Island
9 38
2.9
2.3
Cuyler's Harbor
9 25
5.1
2.8
9 28
3 1
2 1
San Luis Obispo
10 8
4.8
2.4
New Haven
11 10
62
5 2
Monterey
10 22
4.3
2.5
Bridgeport
Oyster Bay
Sand's Point
11 11
11 7
11 13
8.0
9.2
89
4.7
5.4
64
South Farrallone
San Francisco
Mare Island
10 37
12 0
13 40
4.4
4.3
5.2
2.8
2.8
4.1
o a
Benicia
14 10
5.1
3.7
Throgg's Neck
JERSEY COAST.
11 20
9.2
0.1
Ravenswood
Bodega
Humboldt Bay
12 30
11 17
12 2
7.3
4.7
5.5
4.9
2.7
3.5
Cold Spring Inlet
7 32
5.4
3.6
Port Orford
11 20
1 6.8
3.7
Cape May Landing
8 19
6.0
4.3
Astoria
12 42
74
4.6
Nee-ah Harbor
12 33
7.4
4.8
DELAWARE BAY, &c.
Port Townshend
3 49
| 5 5
4 0
Delaware Breakwater
Higbee's, Cape May
8 0
8 33
4.5
6.2
3.0
3.9
Steilacoom
Semi-ah-moo Bay
4 40
4 50
11.1
6.0
7.2
4.8
To find the time of high-water at any of the places named in the preceding table, add time
indicated in the first column of figures to the time of "Moon's South." or "Moon on Merid
ian,1' found in the calendar pages. If the result is more than 12 hours from noon, the time will
be the next day in the morning, and if more than 12 hours from midnight, the time will be in
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
49
the afternoon of the same day. The tide thus found is the first after the Moon's culmination.
The second tide occurs 12 hours and 26 minutes later than the first.
The "Establishment of the Port," in the above table is the mean interval between the time
of the Moon's meridian passage and the time of high-water succeeding that transit. The true
interval varies with the Moon's age, being least when the moon culminates about 4h. 30m. and
greatest when culminating about 10 o'clock, and at the mean, generally when the moon is two
days old. It sometimes happens that the tide comes in several hours later or earlier than the
most learned calculation would determine, in consequence of the strength and direction of the
wind, which the calculator cannot reekon upon.
A TABLE OF SIXTY-ONE BRIGHT STARS.
On Rises
NAMK OF STAR. Meridian. I and Sets.
On
Meridian.
Rises
and Sets.
a Andromedie (Alpheratz) . . .
y Pegasi (Algenib)
a Cassiopese (Schedir)
H. M.
0 1
0 6
0 33
0 37
1 2
1 11
IS
1 55
1 55
1 59
2 55
3 14
3 39
4 28
5 6
5 7
5 17
5 17
5 24
5 29
5 33
5 34
5 47
6 38
6 52
7 25
7 31
7 36
7 58
9 20
10 0
H. M.
7 51
6 50
4~5i
8 26 j
7' 16
9 18 !
6 6 i
7 23 !
6 11
7 '28
6 57
10 11
5 30
7 50
6 20
5 58
5 55
5 52
3 37
6 25
5 0
4 7
8 10
6 18
7 50
2 58
5 31
6 43
y Leonis (Al Gieba)
ft Ursae Majoris \ pm-ntpr(,
a Ursffi Majoris f lomters-
ft Leonis (Denebola)
H. M.
10 11
10 51
10 54
11 40
11 45
12 25
12 46
13 16
13 40
14 7
14 49
15 7
15 27
15 35
15 55
16 19
17 6
17 26
17 25
17 51
18 29
18 42
19 41
20 34
21 12
21 21
21 55
22 47
22 54
22 54
23 56
H. M.
7 15
6"53
4'35
5'22
i'ii
5 "27
7 43
6 23
4 49
4 19
6 50
5 15
8'54
8 16
6 29
9 34
5'37
5 56
4 0
7 44
6 50
5 59
ft Ceti
ft Andromedu1 (Merach)
a Ursie Minoris (POLARIS)
ft Arietis
y Andromeda; (Almaach)
Piscium
y Ursie Majoris (Phad)
ft Corvi ....
e Ursse Majoris (Alioth)
a Viroinis (Spica)
T] Ursie Majoris
a Bootis (Arcturus)
ft Ursae Minoris
ft Librae
Arietis
Ceti (Menkar)
Persei (Algenib)
Tauri (seven stars)
Tauri (Aldebaran)
a Coronne Borealis
a Serpentis
Auriga? (Capella)
ft Scorpii
a Scorpii (Antares)
a Herculis
ft Orionis (Rigel)
ft Tauri (el Nath)
y Orionis (Bellatrix)
6 Orionis (Mintaka)
a Ophiuchi
; ft Draconis
e Orionis (Anilam )
y Draconis
£ Orionis (Alnitak)
Columbae (Phaot)
a. Lyrte (Vega)
ft Lyrse
Orionis (Betelguese)
Canis Majoris ^Sirius)
Can is Majoris (Adhara)
Geminor (Castor)
Canis Minoris (Procyon) . . .
Geminor (Pollux)
Argus (Naos)
o Aquike (Altair)
a Cyfni (Dcneb)
a Cephei
ft Aquarii
a Aquarii
a Pis. Aus. (Fomalhaut)
ft Peo-asi (Scheat)
Hydne (Alphard)
Leonis (Regulus)
a Pegasi (Markab)
Vernal Equinox
To ascertain when any Star found in the preceding Table will be on the upper meridian, add
the numbers opposite in the left-hand column of figures to the time of "Sidereal Noon" found
in the calendar pages. For the RISING of a star, subtract the number opposite in the right-hand
column of figures from its meridian passage. For the setting of a star, add the same number
to its meridian passage. Those marked ( ) revolve in a circle of perpetual apparition, and
do not r se nor set north of the latitude of New York (40° 42' 40"), for which latitude the semi
diurnal arcs are calculated. The civil day begins at midnight, and consequently 24 hours after
midnight, or 12 hours from noon, is morning of the succeeding day; and more than 24 hours
from noon, is evening of the next day. From 12h. to 24h. from midnight, or from Oh. to 12h.
from noon, will be in the afternoon of the same day. This table is arranged in the order of
culmination.
SURVEYORS AND CIVIL ENGINEERS may obtain the declination of the magnetic needle by
observations on the Pole Star when upon the meridian, or when at its greatest elongation
east or west. POLARIS and other stars pass the lower meridian llh. 58m. after their upper
transit. To the time of upper transit of Polaris, add 5h. 54m. and it gives the time of greatest
western elongation. If the 5h. 54m. be subtracted from the time of upper transit, it will give
the time of greatest eastern elongation. Observations made at the time of greatest elongation
are less liable to error than those made at the time of transit. The mean distance of Polaris
from the pole this year is 1° 23' 20". To find its azimuth for any latitude, take from 18.384502 tho
logarithmic cosine of the latitude, and the remainder is the logarithmic sine of the azimuth.
4
50
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
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ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
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THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
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THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
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THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
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ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT.
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58
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
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PAET II.
THE UNITED STATES.
The United States of America, exclusive of Alaska, or the territory ac
quired from Russia in 1867, extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the
Pacific, and from British America to the Gulf of Mexico. It lies between
Lat. 24° 20' and 49° North, and Long. 10° 14' East, and 47° 30' West from
Washington. It has a coast line of 2,163 miles on the Atlantic, 1,764 miles
on the Gulf of Mexico, and 1,343 miles on the Pacific. Alaska, sometimes
known as North-western America, with its islands, extends from the South
end of Prince of Wales Island, Lat. 54° 40', to Point Barrow, 71° 30" North,
and from Lon. 53° to 116° West from Washington. The entire area of the
United States and Territories is 3,578,392 square miles, or about four-ninths
of North America, and more than one-fifteenth of the land surface of the
globe. This area has been acquired as follows :
Territory as ceded by England, 1783 815,615 square miles.
Louisiana as acquired from France, 1803 930.928
Florida as acquired from Spain, 1821 59,268
Texas as admitted to the Union, 1845. 237,504
Oregon as settled by treaty, 1846 280,425
California, etc., as conquered from Mexico, 1847 649,762
Arizona (New Mexico) as acquired from Mexico by treaty, 1854 27,500
Alaska as acquired from Russia by treaty, 1867 577,390
Total in 1868 3,578,392 " "
The first European settlement was made by Spaniards at St. Augustine in
Florida, in 1565, but this place was not included within the limits of the
United States until 1821. The first permanent English settlement was made at
Jamestown in Virginia, in 1607. Other settlements were made and colonies
organized which were subject to the English government until the Declara
tion of Independence, July 4th, 1776. Delegates from the following States :
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Georgia, in congress assembled, adopted articles of confed
eration in 1777. The Constitution which was framed in 1787, and ratified
by the thirteen original States, went into operation March 1st, 1789. It re
ceived ten amendments in 1791, an eleventh amendment in 1798, a twelfth
in 1804, a thirteenth in 1865, and a fourteenth in 1868.
The government of the United States is based on this constitution which,
with the laws made in accordance with its provisions, and treaties made
under its authority, is the supreme law of the land.
By the constitution, the government is entrusted to three separate authori
ties, the Legislative vested in congress, the Executive vested in the President,
and the Judicial vested in one Supreme court and such inferior courts as
congress may from time to time establish.
(59)
60
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE GOVERNMENT FROM THE FIRST CONTI
NENTAL CONGRESS TO THE PRESENT TIME.
PRESIDENTS.
I.— Prior to the Adoption of the Constitution,
NAME. State.
Date of Appoint-
Born.
Died.
NAME.
State.
ate »fe^P°iQt- ! Born. Died.
Peyton Randolph.
Henry Middle ton.
John Hancock.. .
Henry Laurens. . .
John Jay
Sam'l Iliintington
Thomas McKean.
Va.
S. C.
Mass.
S. C.
N. Y.
Conn.
Del.
Sept. 5, 1774
Oct. 22, 1774
May 24, 1775
Nov. 1, 1777
Dec. 10, 1778
Sept. 28, 1779
July 10, 1781
1723
1737
1723
1745
1732
17:34
1775
171)3
1792
1S29
17%
1817
John Hanson
Elias Boudinot. ..
Thomas Mifflin..
Rich'd Hem-y Lee
Nathan'l Gorham.
Arthur St. Clair..
Cyrus Griffin
Md.
N. J.
Penn.
Va.
Mass.
Penn.
Va.
Nov. 5, 178ll....!l783
Nov. 4, 1782117401824
Nov. 3, 1783il744;1800
Nov. 30, 1784 17321794
June 6, 1786|1738il796
Feb. 2, 1787 .... 11818
Jan. 22, 1788174811810
II.— Under the Constitution.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Bom.
Died.
NAME. State.
Terra of Ser-
Born.
Died.
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson . .
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson —
Martin Van Bnren. .
William II. Harrison
Va.
Mass.
Va.
Va.
Va.
Mass.
Tenn.
N. Y.
Ohio.
17S9— 1797
1797—1801
1801—1809
1809—1817
1817—1825
1825—1829
1829—1837
1837—1841
1841—1841
1732
17:^5
1743
1751
1759
17(17
1707
1782
1773
1799
1826
1826
1837
1831
1848
1845
18(52
1841 :
John Tyler
Va.
Tenn.
La.
N. Y.
N. H.
Penn.
111.
Tenn.
1841—1845
1845—1849
1849— 1&50
1830—1853
1R53— 1857
1857—1861
1861—1865
1865—....
1790
1795
1784
1800
1804
1791
1MI9
1808
1862
1849
1850
1868
1865
James K. Polk
Zachary Taylor
Millard Fillmore
Franklin Pierce
James Buchanan —
Abraham Lincoln. . .
Andrew Johnson. . .
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser-
Born.
Died.
NAME.
State.
Term of 8er-
vice. "or.
Died.
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson..
Aaron Burr
Mass.
Va.
N. Y.
N. Y.
Mass.
N. Y.
S. C.
N. Y.
Ky.
1789—1797
1797—1801
1801—1805
1805—1812
1813—1814
1817—1825
1825-ia32
1833— 1887
1837—1841
1735 1826
1743 1826
1756 1836
1739 1812
17441814
17741825
1782 '1850
1782 1862
1780 1850
John Tyler Va.
George M. Dallas. . . IPenn.
Millard Fillmore. .. IN. Y.
William R. King....! Ala.
J. C. Breckinridge..!Ky.
Hannibal Hamlin... Me.
Andrew Johnson... Tenn.
1841—1841
1845—1849
1849—1850
1853—1853
1857—1861
1861—1865
1865—1865
1790
1792
1800
17^1
1821
IN lit
1808
1862
1864
1853
George Clinton
Elbridge Gerry
Daniel'D. Tompkins
John C. Calhoun . . .
Martin Van Buren. .
Richard M. Johnson
SECRETARIES OP STATE.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser-
Born.
Died.
Thomas Jefferson . .
Va.
1789—1794
1743
18'2(i
Daniel Webster
Mass.
1841—1843
17821 1852
Edmund Randolph.
Va.
1794—1795
1813
Hugh S. Legare
S. C.
1843—1843
1797
1843
Timothy Pickering.
Mass.
1795—1800
1745
1.^29
Abel P. Upshur.....
Va.
1843—1844
1790
1844
John Marshall
Va.
1800—1801
1755 1836
John C. Calhoun. . .
S. C.
1844—1845
1782
1MO
James Madison. . . .
Va.
1801—1809
175111837!
James Buchanan...
Penn.
1845—1849
179111868
Robert Smith
Mass.
1809—1811
1757 i 1842
John M. Clayton...
Del.
1849—1850
1796
1N56
James Monroe
Va.
1811—1817
1759
1831 Daniel Webster....
Mass.
1850—1852
1782(1852
John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
Mass.
Ky.
1817—1825
1825—1829
1767
1777
1848 Edward Everett
1852 ; William L. Marcy..
Mass.
N. Y.
1852—1853
1853—1857
1 794 | 1865
178611860
Martin Van Buren..
NY,
1829—1881
1782
1862 Lewis Cass
Mich.
1857—1861
1782
1866
Edward Livingston
La.
1831— 1&33
1764
1836
Jeremiah S. Black..
Penn.
1861— 1861
1JS10
Louis McLane
Del.
1833-1835
1786
1857
William II. Seward.
N. Y.
1861— J1801
John Forsyth
Ga.
1855—1841
1780
1841
GOVERNMENT OFFICERS.
SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY.
tfl
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died. NAM..
State.
Term of Ser-
Bom.
Died.
Alexander Hamilton
N. Y.
1789—1795
1757
1804 Walter Forward. . .
Penn.
1841—1843
IT.sd
1852
Oliver Wolcott
Conn.
1795—1801
1759
1833 John C. Spencer....
N. Y.
1843—1844
17S7
1855
Samuel Dexter
Mass.
1801—180-2
1761
1816 George M. Bibb
Ky.
1844—1845
1772
1859
Albert Gallatin
Penn.
180-2—1814
1761
1849j Robert J. Walker. . .
Miss.
1845—1849
1801
George W. Campbell
Tenn.
1814—1814
1768
1848 Wm. M. Meredith..
Penn.
1849—1850
Alexander J. Dallas
Penu.
1814—1817
17(iO
1817 Thomas Corwin.. .
Ohio.
1850—1853
i794
i860
Wm. H. Crawford..
Ga.
1817—1825
177-211834
James Guthrie
Ky.
1853—1857
1793
Richard Rush
Penn.
1825—1829
1 780 i 1860 Howell Cobb
Ga.
1857—1860
1815
1868
Samuel D. Ingham..
Penn.
1829— 1831
177!)
I860' Philip Thomas
Md.
1860—1861
1810
Louis McLane
Del.
1831—1833
1786
1857
• John A. Dix
N. Y.
1861—1861
1798
William J. Duane..
Penn.
1833— 1833
1780
LS65
Salmon P. Chase
Ohio.
1861— 18(54
ISIjs
Roger B. Taney
Md.
1833— 1834
1777
1864
Wm. P. Fessenden.
Me.
1864—1865
1806
'.'. .'.'.
Levi Woodbury
N. H.
1834—1841
17SH
1857
Hugh McCulloch...
Ind.
1865—....
Thomas Ewing
Ohio.
1841—1841
1789
SECRETARIES OF WAR.
*.„.
s,.,,.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
Henry Knox •.
Timothy Pickering.
James McHenry
Samuel Dexter. ....
Roger Griswold
Henrv Dearborn
William Eustis
John Armstrong
James Monroe
Wm. H. Crawford..
George Graham
John C. Calhoun
James Barbour
Peter B. Porter
John H. Eaton
Lewis Cass
Mass.
Penn.
Md.
Mass.
Conn.
Mass.
Mass.
N. Y.
Va.
Ga.
Va.
S. C.
Va.
N. Y.
Tenn.
Mich.
1789—1795
1795—1795
1796—1800
1800—1800
1801—1801
1801—1809
1809-1813
1813—1814
1814—1815
1815—1816
1817—1817
1817—18-25
1825—1828
1828—1829
1809—1831
1831—1837
1750
1745
1755
1761
1762
1751
1754
1759
1759
1TT2
1T58
1782
1776
1773
1790
1782
1806
1829
18i6
1812|
1K-29
1S25
1843
iasi
1834
1826
isr,o
1842
1844
18T>6
1866)
Benjamin F. Butler.
Joel R. Poinsett
John Bell
N. Y.
S. C.
Tenn.
N. Y.
Penn.
Penn.
N. Y.
Ga.
La.
Miss.
Va.
Ky.
Penn.
Penn.
1837— 1837
1837—1841
1841— 1841
1841—1843
1S43— 1844
1844-1845
1845—1849
1849—1850
1,850-1853
1853—1857
m57— 1860
1860—1861
1861—1862
1862—1868
1868—....
1795
1779
1797
1787
1799
1786
1798
1807
1808
1805
1807
1799
1814
1&31
1858
1851
1855
1865
1860
1863
John C. Spencer
James M. Porter
William Wilkins...
William L. Marcy..
George W. Crawford
Charles M. Conrad..
Jefferson Davis :
John B. Floyd
Joseph Holt
Simon Cameron
Edwin M. Stanton. .
John M. Schofield..
|
SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
„„.
-
1823
-
State.
Term of Ser-
vice.
Born.
Died.
George Cabot
Benjamin Stoddert.
Robert Smith
Jac'b Crowninshield
Paul Hamilton
William Jones
B.W. Crowninshield
Smith Thompson. . .
John Rodgers
Samuel L. Southard
John Branch
Levi Woodbury
Mahlon Dickerson. .
James K. Paulding.
Mass .
Md.
Md.
Mass.
S. C.
Penn.
Mass .
N. Y.
Mass.
N. J.
N. C.
N. H.
N. J.
N. Y.
1798—1798
1798-1801
1801—1805
1805—1809
1809—1813
1813—1814
1814—1818
1818—1823
1823—1823
1823-1829
1829—1831
1831—1834
18:34-1838
1838— 1841
,75!
George E. Badger..
Abel P. Upshur
David Henshaw
Thomas W. Gilmer.
John Y. Mason
George Bancroft
John Y. Mason
William B. Preston.
William A. Graham
John P. Kennedy...
James C.. Dobbin...
Isaac Toucey
Gideon Welles
N. C.
Va.
Mass .
Va.
Va.
Mass.
Va.
Va.
N. C.
Md.
N. C.
Conn.
Conn.
1841—1841
1841—1843
1843—1844
1844—1844
1844—1845
1845—1846
184(5— 1849
184!)— 1850
1850—1852
1852—1853
1853—1857
1857—1861
1861—
1795
1790
1791
1795
1800
1795
i804
1795
1814
1798
1802
1866
1844
1852
1844
1859
1859
1862
1857
1757
1842
1774
1767
1765
1787
1782
1789
1769
1779
1816-
1831
1851'
1843
1838
1842
18(13
1N51
isr>3
I860
SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
NAME.
State.
Tera of Ser-
Bom.
Died.
Thomas Ewing
T. M.T.McKennan.
Alex.H.H. Stewart.
Robert McClelland .
Jacob Thompson. . .
Ohio.
Penn.
Va.
Mich.
Miss.
1849— 1850
1850-1850
1850—1853
1853—1857
1857—1861
1789
1852
Caleb B. Smith
! John P. Usher
James Harlan
Orville H. Browning
Ind.
Ind.
Iowa.
111.
1861—1862
1862—1865
1865—1866
1866 —
1808
1820
1864
1807
1810
02
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
POSTMASTERS-GENERAL.
NAHK.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
NAMH.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
Bamuel Osgood
Timothy Pickering.
Joseph Habersham.
Gideon Granger
Return J. Meigs, Jr.
John McLean
Mass..
Penn.
Ga.
Conn.
Ohio.
Ohio.
Ky.
Ky.
Conn.
N. Y.
Ky.
1781)— 1791
1701—1795
1795—1801
1801—1814
181 i— 1823
1823—1829
1829—1835
18135—1840
1840—1841
1841—1841
1841—1845
1748
1745
1750
17G7
17(50
ITS:,
1785
1789
1787
1787
1788
1813
IS'".)
1815
1S£>
is-r»
1861
1835
1850
1868
Cave Johnson
Jacob Collamer
Nathan K. Hall
Samuel D. Hubbard
James Campbell
Aaron V. Brown —
Joseph Holt
Tenn.
Vt.
N. Y.
Conn.
Penn.
Tenn.
Ky.
Me.
Md.
Ohio.
Wis.
1845—1849
1849—1850
1850—1852
1852—1853
1853—1857
1857—1859
1859—1801
1861— 18G1
1861—1864
1864—1866
1866—. . . .
1793
170:2
181 0
1799
1795
1807
1811
1813
1815
1819
1866
1865
1855
1859
William T.Barry...
Amos Kendall
Horatio King
Montgomery Blair. .
1 William Dennison . .
lAlex. W. Randall. . .
JohnM. Niles
Francis Granger
Chas. A. Wickliffe..
ATTORNEYS-GENERAL.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser-
vice.
Born.
i756
1757
1749
1757
i765
1780
1772
1781
1777
1795
1770
1801
Die,
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
Edmund Randolph .
William Bradford..
Charles Lee
Va.
Penn.
Va.
Mass.
Md.
Ky.
Del.
Md.
Penn.
Va.
Ga.
Md.
N. Y.
Tenn.
Penn.
1789—1794
1794_17!»3
1795—1801
1801—1805
1805—1805
1805—1806
1807—1811
1811—1814
1814—1817
1817—1829
1829— 1831
1831—1833
1833—1838
1838—1840
1840—1841
1813,
1795
1815
1820
1S42
180(5
182-1
18^
1860
ia34
185(i
1864
185S
1840
I860
John J. Crittenden.
Hugh S. Legare
John Nelson
John Y. Mason
Nathan Clifford
Isaac Toucey
Reverdy Johnson. . .
John J. Crittenden.
Caleb Cushing
JeremiahS. Black..
Edwin M. Stanton..
Edward Bales
James S. Speed
Henry Stanberry...
William M. Evarts. .
Ky.
s.c.
Md.
Va.
Me.
Conn.
Md.
Ky.
Mass.
Penn.
Penn.
Mo.
Ky.
Ohio.
N. Y.
1841—18-11
1841—1843
1843—1845
1845—1846
1846—1848
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1853
1853—1857
1857-1860
1860—1861
1861—1864
1864—1866
1866—1868
1868—....
1786
1797
1791
1795
iso:}
1798
1796
178(5
1MH)
1810
1814
1791
1812
1803
1863
1843
1860
1859
i863
Levi Lincoln
Robert Smith .
John Brecken ridge.
Caisar A. Rodney...
William Pinkney...
Richard Rush
William Wirt
John M. Berrien ....
Roger B. Taney
Benjamin F. Butler.
Felix Gruncly
Henry D.Gilpin....
CHIEF JUSTICES OP THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.
NAHK.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.1
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
John Jay
N. Y.
S.C.
Conn.
1789—1795
1795—1795
1796—1801
1745
1739
1752
1829
1800
1807
John Marshall
Roger B. Taney
Salmon P. Chase...
Va,
Md.
Ohio.
1801—1836
183(5— 1864
18(54—....
1 755
1777
1808
1836
18(54
John Rutledge
Oliver Ellsworth....
ASSOCIATE JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Bom.
Died.
John Rutledge
S.C.
1789—1791
1739
1800
John McLean
Ohio.
1829—1861
1785
1861
William Cushing...
Mass.
1789—1810
1733
1810
Henry Baldwin .
Penn.
1830—184(5
1779
184(5
James Wilson......
Penn.
1789—1798
1742
1798
James M. Wayne...
Ga.
1835—1867
178(5
1867
John Blair
Va.
1789—1796
1732
1800
Philip P. Barbonr..
Va.
1836—1841
1779
1841
R. H. Harrison
Md. 1789—1789
1745
1790
John Catron
Tenn.
1837—1865
1786
1S<55
James Iredell
N. C. 1790—1799
1750
1799
John McKinlev
Ala.
1837—1852
1S52
Thomas Johnson . . .
Md. ! 1791— 1793
1732
1819
Peter V. Daniel
Va.
1841—1860
178511860
William Patterson..
N. J.
1793—1806
1743
180(5
Samuel Nelson .
N. Y.
1845—....
1792 ....
Samuel Chase
Md.
1796—1811
1741
1811
Levi Woodbury
N. H.
1845—1851
178911851
Bush rod Wash'gton
Va.
1798—1829
1759
1829
Robert C. Grier. . . .
Penn.
1846—. . . .
1794
Alfred Moore
N. C.
1799—1804
1755
1810
Benj. R. Curtis
Mass.
1851—1857
1809
William Johnson . . .
S.C.
1804— ia34
1771
is:il
James A. Campbell.
Ala.
1853—1856
1802
....
Brock. Livingston. . .
N. Y.
1806—1823
1757
18-23
Nathan Clifford
Me.
1858—....
iso:i
Thomas Todd. .
Ky.
1807—1826
1765
1826
Noah H. Swavne
Ohio.
1862—....
1805
Joseph Story
Mass. 11811—1845
1779 1845
Samuel F. Miller... .
Iowa.
1862—. . . .
1816
....
Gabriel Duval
Md. 1811—18351751
1844
David Davis . . .
111.
1862—. . . .
1815
Smith Thompson . . .
Robert Trimble
N.Y.
Kv.
1823—1845 1767 1843 Stephen J. Field....
1826— 1829! 1776 1829 1
Cal.
1863—....
1817
1869.]
LIST OF CONGRESSES.
PRESIDENTS PRO-TEMPORE OF THE SENATE.
63
NAME.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died. || NAME.
State.
Term of Ser-
Bom.
Died.
John Langdon
N. H.
Va.
N. H.
S. C.
Va.
N. H.
Penn.
R.I.
S. C.
Mass.
N. Y.
Penn.
N. H.
Conn.
Md.
Conn.
Ga.
Vt.
Kv.
N:C.
Tenn.
Md.
Vt.
Ga.
Penn.
S. C.
1789—1789
1792-1792
1789—1789
1794—1794
1795—1795
1799—1799
1797—1797
1797—1797
1797—1797
1798—1798
1798—1798
1799—1799
1799—1799
1800-1800
1800—1800
1801—1801
1801—1802
1802—1803
1803-1804
1804—1804
1805—1805
1805—1808
1808—1809
1809—1809
1809—1809
1810-1810
1741
1732
1741
1738
i732
1752
1729
1819 John Pope...
t794!;Wm. H. Crawford..
1819 Joseph B. Varnum..
1804 John Gaillard
1799, James Barbour
1803 John Gaillard
Ky.
Ga.
Mass.
S. C.
Va.
S. C.
N. C.
Md.
Va.
Tenn.
Miss.
Va.
Ala.
N. J.
N. C.
Mo.
Ala.
Mo.
Ind.
Va.
Ala.
Va.
N. H.
Conn.
Ohio.
1811—1811
1812—1813
1813—1814
1814—1819
1819—1819
1820—1825
1826—1827
1828—1881
1832—1832
1832—1833
1834-1834
1835— 1835
1836—1841
1841-1842
1842—1845
1846—1849
1850—1852
1852—1854
1854—1857
1857—1857
1858—1859
1861—1863
1864—1865
1866—1867
1867—....
1770
1772
1759
1776
1757
1752
1774
1773
1790
1780
1787
1792
1807
1786
1807
1812
1798
1802
1802
180!)
ISOfi
1800
1842
1S34
1821
1826
18-12
1826
1837
1839
1860
1840
1853
1862
1852
1842
1861
1852
1866
Richard Henry Lee.
John Lan<>'don.
Ralph Izard
Henry Tazewell
Samuel Livermore. .
William Bingham..
William Bradford. . .
1804 Nathaniel Macon. . .
1808 Samuel Smith
JL. W. Tazewell
Theodore Scdgwick
John Lawrence
1746
1750
1761
1732
1755
1752
1754
1744
1754
1757
1758
1757
1752
1754
1755
1813 Hugh Lawson White
1810 George Poindexter.
1847 John Tyler
Samuel Livermore. .
Uriah Tracy
John E. Howard....
James Hillhouse...
Abram Baldwin
Stephen R. Bradley.
John Brown
Jesse Franklin
Joseph Anderson. . .
Samuel Smith
Stephen R. Bradlev.
John Milledge
Andrew Gregg
John Gaillara.
1803 William R. King...
1807 Samuel L. Southard
1827 M Willie P. Mangum..
1832 David R. Atchison..
1807 .William R. King....
1830 David R. Atchison..
1837J [Jesse D. Bright
1823 : James M. Mason....
1837 1 Benj. Fitzpatrick...
1839 Solomon Foote. ...
1830 Daniel Clark
1818: Lafayette S. Foster.
183.rv [Benjamin F. Wade.
1826|i
SPEAKERS OP THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
NAMS.
State.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
Died.
NAME.
State.
Tenn.
Tenn.
Va,
Ky.
Va.
Ind.
Mass.
Ga.
Ky.
Mass.
S. C.
N. J.
Penn.
Ind.
Term of Ser
vice.
Born.
1797
1795
180!)
1805
LSI Mi
1799
1809
1815
1800
1816
1822
1790
1828
1823
Died.
1849
i845
1848
1859
1868
1859
1862
F. A. Muhlenburgh.
Jonathan Trumbull.
F. A. Muhlenburgh.
Jonathan Davton . . .
Theodore Sedgwick
Nathaniel Macon...
Joseph B. Varnum..
Henrv Clay
Penn.
Conn.
Penn.
N. J.
Mass.
N. C.
Mass.
Ky.
S. C.
Kv.
N: Y.
Va.
Ky.
N. Y.
Va.
1789—1791
1791—1793
1793—1795
1795—1799
179!)— 1801
1801—1807
1807—1811
1811—1814
1814—1815
1815—1820
1820—1821
1821—1823
1823-1825
1825—1827
1827—1834
1750
1740
1750
1756
1746
1757
1750
1777
17715
1777
1784
1779
1777
1784
1784
1801
180!)
1801
1824
1813'
1837
1821
1852
1857i
1852
1854
183!)
18.->2
1854
1857
John Bell
James K. Polk
Robert M. T. Hunter
John White
John W. Jones
John W. Davis
Robert C. Winthrop
Howell Cobb
Linn Bovd
N. P. Banks
1834— 1835
1835—1830
1839—1841
1841—1843
1843—1845
1845—1847
1847—1849
1849—1851
1851—1855
1855—1857
1857—1859
1859—1861
1861—1863
1863—....
Langdon Cheeves. . .
Henry Clay
John W. favlor....
Philip P. Barbour..
Henrv Clav
James L. Orr
William Pennington
Galusha A. Grow. . .
Schuyler Colfax
John W. Taylor....
Andrew Stevenson.
LIST OF CONGRESSES.
No. of
Congress.
No. of
Session.
Time of Session.
No. of No. of
Congress. Session.
Time of Session.
-I
1st..
..March 4,
1789— Sept.
29, 1789.
j 1st.
...Oct.
17.
1803— Mar. 27, 1804.
1st. -
2d ..
..Jan.
4,
1790— Aug.
12,
1790.
1 3d..
...Nov.
5,
1804— Mar. 3, 1805.
1
3d..
..Dec.
6,
1790— Mar.
3,
1791.
Oth
j 1st.
...Dec.
8,
1805-April 21, 1806.
0(1 j
1st.
...Oct.
24,
1791— May
8,
1792.
yin.
1 2d..
..Dec.
I,
1806— Mar. 3. 1807.
M. -j
2d.,
..Nov.
5,
1792— Mar.
8,
1793.
j 1st.
...Oct.
86,
1807— April 25, 1808.
j
1st.
...Dec.
2,
1793_june
9,
1794.
10th.
1 2d..
...Nov.
7.
1808— Mar. 3. 1809.
' 1
2d ..
...Nov.
•'5,
1794— Mar.
3,
1795.
j 1st.
...May
5-2.
1809— .Tune 28, 1809.
4th J
1st.
...Dec.
7,
1795— June
1.
1796.
llth.
•1 2d .
...Nov.
27,
1809— May 1, 1810.
4th. -<
2d.
...Dec.
5.
1796— Mar.
3,
1797.
1 3d.
...Dec.
3, 1810— Mar. 3, 1811.
5th. -i
1st.
2d .
...May
...Nov.
15.
18,
1797— July
1797— July
10,1797.
16, 1798.
12th.
( 1st.
1 2d .
...Nov.
. . .Nov.
4,
1R11— July 6. 1812.
1812— Mai-. 3, 1813.
1
3d.
...Dec.
8,
1798— Mar.
3,
1799.
( 1st.
...May
84,
1813— A tie:. 2, 1813.
6th. -j
1st.
2d .
...Dec.
...Nov.
2,
17,
1799— May
1800— Mar.
11.
3,
1800.
1801.
13th.
4 2d .
\ 3d .
...Dec.
...Sept.
(i.
19,
1813— April 18, 1814.
1814— Mar. 3. 1815.
7th. |
1st.
2d .
...Dec.
...Dec.
7,
G.
1801— May
1802— Mar.
3. 1802.
8, 1803.
14th.
j 1st.,
1 2d..
...Dec.
...Dec.
4,
8,
1815— April 30, 1816.
1816-Mar. 3, 1817.
64
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
LIST OF CONGRESSES. — (Continued.)
[1869.
No. of No. of
Congress. Session.
Time of Session. ColgrcL. Se^ion.
Time of Session.
lrth -f *s^ Dec.
1, 1817— April 30, 1818. ^ ( 1st. . .
.Dec. 1, 1845— Aug. 10, 1846.
' ( 2d — Nov.
16, 1818— Mar. 3, 1819. <dtfUL | 2d . . .
.Dec. 7, 1846— Mar. 3, 1847.
Ifth -1 ^9' Dec.
6, 1819— May 15,1820. oA*h j 1st...
.Dec. 6, 1847— Aug. 14, 1848.
1 2d Nov.
13, 1820— Mar. 3, 1821. n' 1 2d . . .
.Dec. 4, 1848— Mar. 3, 1849.
*-, j 1st.... Dec.
an> | 2d ....Dec.
3, 1821— May 8,1822. o1cf (1st...
2, 1822— Mar. 3, 1823. "*• J 3d . . .
.Dec. 3, 1849— Sept. 30, 1850.
.Dec. 2, 1850— Mar. 3, 1851.
18fh ( 1st.... Dec.
L8tlM 2d....Dec.
1, 1823— May 27,1824. o0fi jlst...
6, 1824— Mar. 3, 1825. ****' j 2d . . .
.Dec. 1, 1851— Aug. 31, 1852.
.Dec. 6, 1852— Mar. 3, 1853.
1qth j 1st.... Dec.
•9th< 1 2d....Dec.
5, 1825— May 22,1826. oof1 j 1st...
4, 1826— Mar. 3, 1827. u | 2d . . .
.Dec. 5, 1853— Aug. 7, 1854.
.Dec. 4, 1854— Mar. 3, 1855.
9nfh j 1st.... Dec.
20tlM 2d....Dec.
3, 1827— May 26,1828. 1st...
1, 1828— Mar. 3, 1829. 34th. -j 2d . .
.Dec. 3, 1855— Aug. 18, 1856.
.Aug. 21, 1856— Aug. 30,1856.
01 af j 1st.... Dec.
7, 1829— May 31, 1830. ( 3d • • •
.Dec. 1, 1856— Mar. 3, 1857.
lsl< j 2d....Dec.
6, 1830— Mar. 3,1831. 35^ ( 1st...
.Dec. 7, 1857— June 1, 1858.
oo/i j 1st.... Dec.
5, 1831— July 16, 1832. ' 1 3d . . .
.Dec. 6, 1858— Mar. 3, 1859.
"•• 1 2d....Dec.
3, 1832— Mar. 3,1833. ofith 1 1st...
.Dec. 5, 1859— June 18, I860.
oofl j 1st.... Dec.
2, 1833-June 30, 1834. '1 2d...
.Dec. 3, 1860— Mar. 4, 1861.
• | 2d Dec.
1, 1834— Mar. 3,18:35. (1st...
.July 3, 1861— Aug. 6, 1861.
( 1st Dec
7, 1.S35— July 4, 1836. 37th- 1 2d • • •
.Dec. 2, 1861— July 17, 1862.
24th- ) 2d .".'.'Dec!
5, 1836— Mar. 3, 1837.
.Dec. 1, 1862— Mar. 4, 1863.
1st.... Sept.
25th J 2d....Dec.
4, 1837— Oct. 16,1837. 38th -! ***•••
4, 1837- July 9, 1S38. 1 2d . . .
.Dec. 7, 1863— July 2, 1864.
Dec. 5, 1S64— Mar. 4, 1865.
( 3d ....Dec.
3, 1838— Mar. 3,1839. o0fh j 1st...
.Dec. 4, 1865— July 28, 1866.
orith j 1st Dec.
2, 1839-July 21, 1840. 1 2d . . .
Dec. 3, 1866— Mar. 4, 1867.
26th'1 2d....Dec.
7, 1840— Mar. 3,1841. fist...
Mar. 4, 1867— Mar. 30, 1867.
( 1st May
31, 1841— Sept, 13, 1841. "...
July 3, 1867— July 20, 1867.
27th.-/ 2d ....Dec.
6, 1841— Aug. 31, 1842. 40th. ] "...
.Nov. 21, 1867— Dee. 2, 1867.
( 3d ....Dec.
5, 1842— Mar. 3, 1843. 2d . . .
Dec. 2, 1867— July 27, 1868.
oQfu ] 1st Dec.
4, 1843— June 17, 1844. L 3d ...
Dec. 7, 1868—
88Ul-l 2d....Dec.
2, 1844— Mar. 3, 1845.
LIST OF GOVERNORS.
ALABAMA.
William W. Bibb...
. 1819-1820. [Arthur P. Bagby 1837-1841.
Andrew B. Moore. . . .1857-1861.
Thomas Bibb
.1820-1821. Benj. Fitzpatrick 1841-1815.
John G. Shorter 18(51-1863.
Israel Pickins
.1821-1825. Joshua L. Martin 1845-1847.
Thomas H. Watts. . . .1803-1865.
John Murphy
Gabriel Moore
. 1825-1829. Reuben Chapman. . . .1847-1849.
.1829-1831. Henry W. Collier. .. .18 19-1853.
Lewis E. Parsons 1865-1805.
Robert M. Patton 18(35-1868.
John Gayle
.1831-1835. John A.Winston 1853-1857.
William H. Smith. . . .1868-
Clement C. Clay
. 1835-1837
ARKANSAS.
TERRITORY
STATE.
John S. Roane 1848-1852.
James Miller
.1819-1825. James S. Conway. .. .1836-1840.
Elias N. Conway 1852-1860.
George Izard. .. .
.1825-1829. Archibald Yell 18-10-18-14.
Henry M. Rector 1860-18(34.
John Pope
1829-1835. Sam1! Adams, (acting)1844-1844.
.1835-1836. Thomas S. Drew 1*14-1848.
Isaac Murphy .1864-1868.
Powell Clayton 1868-
William S. Fulton..
CALIFORNIA.
Peter H. Burnett. . .
.1849-1851. l John B. Weller 1858-1860.
Leland Stanford 1862-1863.
JohnMcDougall,(act.)1851-1852. Milton S. Latham .... 1860-1860.
John Bigler 1852-1856. 1 John G. Downv . . 1860-1862.
Frederick F. Low 1863-18(58.
Henry H. Haight 18(58-
J. Neely Johnson. . .
.1856-1858
CONNECTICUT.
Samuel Huntington .
.1785-1796. Henry W. Edwards. .1833-1834,
Thomas H. Sevmour. 1850-1853.
Oliver Wolcott.
.1796-1798. Samuel A. Foote 1834-1835.
C. H. Pond, (acting). .1853-1854.
Jonathan Trumbull. .
.1798-1809. Henry W. Edwards .. 1835-1R38.
Henry Dutton 1 854-1 S55.
John Treadwell
.1809-1811. Wm. W. Ellsworth 1838-1842.
William T. Minor. . . .1855-1857.
Roger Griswold
.1811-1813. C. F. Cleveland 1843-1844.
Alexander H. Hollev. 1857-1858.
John Cotton Smith. .
.1813-1818. Roger S. Baldwin 1844-1846.
Wm. A. Buckino-ham. 1858-1866.
Oliver Wolcott
Gideon Tomlinson. .
. 1818-1827. (Isaac Toucev .... 1846-1847.
.1827-1831. Clark Bissell 1847-1849.
Joseph R. Hawley. . . .186(3-1867.
James E. English 1867-
John S. Peters
. 1831-1833. ; Joseph Trumbull 1849-1850.
1869.]
Joshua Clayton 1789-1796.
Gunning Bedford .... 1796-1797.
Daniel Rogers 1797-1798.
Richard Bassett 1798-1801.
James Sykes, (acting) 1801-1802.
David Hall 1802-1805.
Nathaniel Mitchell. . .180.5-1808.
George Tructt 1808-1811.
Joseph Haslett 1811-1814.
Daniel Rodney 1814-1817.
LIST OF GOVERNORS.
65
DELAWARE.
| John Clarke 1817-1820.
'Jacob Stout, (acting). 1820-1 821.
John Collins 1821-1822. „ — ^ .. — ., v-^«us,.ilw-Ac«u.
j Caleb Rodney, (acting) 1822-1 823. j William Temple . . ... 1846-1846.
'Joseph Haslett 1823-1834. "
Samuel Paynter 1824-1827.
George Poindexter. . .1827-1830.
David Hazzard 1830-18-33.
Caleb P. Bennett 183:3-1837.
Cornelius P.Comegys.1837-1840.
. | William B. Cooper... 1840-1844.
Thomas Stockton 1844-1846.
j Joseph Maul, (acting). 1846-1846.
.1846-1851.
,.1851-1855.
.1855-1859.
.1859-1863.
1863-1865.
.j William Thorp..'.
. I William H.Ross..
Peter F. Causey. . .
William Burton...
William Cannon...
Gove Saulsbury 1865-
William P. Duvall
John H. Eaton . . .
Richard K. Call..
Robert R.Reid...
Richard K. Call..
RY.
...1822-1834.
FLORIDA.
John Branch 1844-1845.
STATE.
Madison S. Perry. .
John Milton
..1857-1861.
1861 1865
...1834-1836.
William D. Moseley. .1845-18-19.
Wm. Marvin*...
..1865-1866.
1836-1839.
Thomas Brown . 1849-1853
David S Walker
1866-1868
...1839-1841.
James E. Broonie 1853-1857.
Harrison Reed. . . .
. 1868-
...1841-1844.
GEORGIA.
George Walton 1789-1790. 1 Peter Early 1813-1815.
Edward Telfair 1790-1793. David B. Mitchell .... 1815-1817.
George Matthews.
Jared Irwin.
...1793-1796.
..1796-1798.
James Jackson 1798-1801.
William Rabun 1817-1819.
Matthew Talbot, (act.) 1819-1819.
John Clarke 1819-1823.
David Emannel, vact.).1801-1801. i George M. Troup 1823-1827.
Josiah Tatnall 1801-1802. John Forsyth 1827-1829.
John Milledge 1802-1806. George R. Gilmer. . . .1829-1831.
Jared Irwin 1806-1809. Wilson Lumpkin 1831-1835.
David B. Mitchell. . . .1809-1813. [William Schley 1835-1837.
George R. Gilmer...
Charles J. McDonald
George W. Crawford
George W. B. Towns
HowellCobb
Herschel V. Johnson
Joseph E. Brown
James Johnson*
Charles J. Jenkins..
R. B. Bullock
.1837-1839.
.1839-1843.
.1843-1847.
.1847-1851.
.1851-1853.
.1853-1857.
.1857-1865.
.1865-1865.
.1865-1868.
.1868-
ILLINOIS.
John Reynolds 1830-1834.
Joseph Ducan 1834-1838.
Thomas Carlin 1*38-1842.
Thomas Ford 1842-1846.
Augustus C. French. .1846-1853.
Ninian Edwards 1826-1830. | Joel A. Matteeon. . . . 1853-1857.
TERRITORY.
Ninian Edwards 1809-1818.
STATE.
Shadrach Bond 1818-1822.
Edward Coles.
William H. Bissell.. .1857-1861.
Richard Yates 1861-1865.
Richard J. Oglesby. . .1865-1869.
John M. Palmer 1869-
TERRITORY.
William II. Harrison. 1800-1811.
John Gibson, (act.)... 1811-1813.
Thomas Posey 1813-1816.
STATE.
Jonathan Jennings . . .1816-1822.
INDIANA.
William Hendricks... 1822-1825.
James B. Ray 1825-1831.
Noah Noble 1831-1837.
David Wallace 1837-1840.
Samuel Bigger 1840-1843.
Paris C. Dunning. ...1848-1849.
Joseph A. Wright. . . 1849-1857.
Ashbel P. Willard. . . .1857-1861.
O. P. Morton 1861-1867.
Conrad Baker 1867-
James Whltcomb.... 1843-1848.
IOWA.
TERRITORY. STATE. Ralph P. Lowe 1858-1860.
Robert Lucas 1838-1841., Ansel Briggs 1846-1850. Samuel J. Kirkwood. 1860-1864.
John Chambers 1841-184(5. Stephen Hemps tead. .1850-1854. William M. Stone 18(54-1868.
James Clark 1846-1-846. | Jamec W. Grimes .... 1854-1858. | Samuel Merrill 1868-
KANSAS.
TERRITORY. J. W. Denver 1858-1858. | S. J. Crawford 1865-1869.
A. H. Reeder 1854-1866. Frederic P. Stanton. .1858-1861. James M. Harvey 1869-
Wilson Shannon 1855-1856. \ STATE.
John W. Geary 1856-1 857. 'Charles Robinson 1861-1861
E. J. Walker 1857-1858. i Thomas Carney 1861-1865. .......
Isaac Shelby 1792-1796.
James Garrard 1796-1804.
Christopher Greenup .1804-1808.
Charles Scott 1808-1812.
Isaac Shelby 1812-1816.
George Madison 1816-1816.
G. Slaughter, (acting).1816-1820.
John Adair 1820-1824.
KENTUCKY.
Thomas Metcalfe 182.3-1832.
John Breathitt 1832-1834.
J. T. Morehead, (act.).1834-1836.
James Clark 1836-1837.
C. A. Wickliffe. (act.). 1839-1840.
Robert P. Letcher. . . .1840-1844.
William Owpley 1844-1R48.
John J. Critteriden . . .1848-1850.
Joseph Desha 1824-1828. John L. Helm, (act.). .1850-1851.
5
Lazarus W. Powell. . .1851-1855.
Charles S. Morehead. .1855-1859.
B. Magoffln 1859-1861.
J. F. Robinson 1861-1863.
T. E. Bramlette 1863-1867.
J. L.Helm 1867-1867.
J. W. Stevenson,(act,)1867-1868.
J. W. Stevenson 1868-
66
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
1869.]
TERRITORY OF ORLEANS.
Wm. C. C. Claiborne.1804-1812.
STATE.
Wm.C. C. Claiborae. 1812-1816.
James Villare 1816-18-20.
Thos. B. Robertson.. 1820-1822.
H.S.Thibodeaux,(act) 1822-1824.
Henry Johnson 1824—1828
LOUISIANA.
A. Bauvais, (act.) 1829-1830.
Jacques Dupre, (act.). 1830-18:30.
Andre B. Roman 1830-18:34.
Edward D. White. . . .1834-1838.
Andre B. Roman 18:38-1841.
Alexander Mouton . . . .1841-1845.
Isaac Johnson 1845-1850.
Joseph Walker 1850-1854
R. C. Wickliffe 1856-1860.
Thomas O. Moore. . . .1860-1862.
G. F. Shepley 1862-1864.
Michael Halm 1864-1865.
J. M. Wells 1865-1867.
Benj. F. Flanders. . . .1867-1868.
Joshua Baker 1868-1868.
H. C. Warmouth 1868-
Peter Derbiimey 182&-1829.
Paul O. Hebert 1854-1856.
William Kin? 1820-1822.
Albion K. Parris 1822-1827.
Enoch Lincoln 1827-1829.
Jonathan G. Hunton. 1829-1831.
Samuel E. Smith 1831-1834.
Robert P. Dunlap 18:34-1838.
MAINE.
Edward Kent 1840-1841.
John Fail-field 1841-1843.
E. Kavanagh, (act.) .. .1843-1844.
Hugh J. Anderson... 1844-1 847.
John W. Dana 1847-1850.
John Hubbard 1850-1853.
Samuel Wells 1856-1857.
Hannibal Hamlin. .. .1857-1857.
Joseph H. William? . .1857-1858.
Lot M. Morrill 1858-1860.
Israel Washburn, Jr. . 1860-1862.
Abner Coburn 1862-1863.
Edward Kent 1838-1839.
Wm. G. Crosby 1853-1855.
Samuel Cony 1863-1867.
John Fairlield 1839-1840.
Aneon P. Morrill 1855-1856.
J. L. Chamberlain .... 1867-
John E. Howard..
George Plater
Thomas S. Lee
John H. Stone
John Henry
MARYLAND.
. . .1788-1792. 1C. Ridgely 1815-1818.
. . .1792-1792. 1C. W. Goldsborough. 1818-1819.
1792-1794. i Samuel Sprigg 1819-1822.
. . .1794-1797. i Samuel Stevens 1822-1826.
. . . 1797-1798. Joseph Kent 1826-1829.
1798-1801 Daniel Martin 1829-1830
Thomas W. Veasay.. 1836-1838.
William Grayson 1838-1841.
Francis Thomas . 1841-1844.
Thomas G. Pratt 1844-1848.
Philip F. Thomas. . . .1848-1851.
Enoch L. Lowe . 1851-1854.
John F. Mercer. ..
Robert Bowie
Robert Wright
1801-1803 T. K. Carroll . . 1830-1831.
Thomas W. Ligon. ..1854-1858.
Thomas H. Hicks. . . .1858-1862.
A. W. Bradford 1862-1866.
Thomas Swann 1866-1868.
Oden Bowie . . . 1868-. . .
. . .1803-1805. Daniel Martin 1831-1831.
1805-1809. ! Geo. Howard, (act.). .1831-1832.
Edward Lloyd
. . . 1809-1811. George Howard 1832-1833.
Robert Bowie
Levin Winder...
. . .1811-1812. ! James Thomas 1833-1830.
...1812-1815. ..
John Hancock . . 1789-1794
MASSACHUSETTS.
John Brooks 1816-1823.
Marcus Morton 1843-1844.
Samuel Adams 1794-1797.
Increase Stunner 1797-1799.
Moses Gill, (act.) 1799-1SOO
William Eustis 1823-1825.
Marcus Morton,(act.). 1825-1825.
Levi Lincoln . 1825-1834.
George N. Briggs 1844-1851.
George S. Boutwell... 1851-1 858.
John H. Clifford 1853-1854.
Caleb Strong 1800-1807.
James Sullivan 1807-1808.
Levi Lincoln, (act.).. 1808-1 809.
Christopher Gore. 1809-1810
John Davis 1834-1836.
S. T.Armstrong,(act.)1836-1836.
Edward Everett 1836-1840.
Marcus Morton . 1840-1841.
Emory Washburn 1854-1855.
Henry J. Gardner 1855-1858.
Nathaniel P. Banks.. 1858-1 861.
John A. Andrew 1861-1866.
Elbridge Gerry 1810-1812.
John Davis 1841-1843.
Alex. H. Bullock 1866-1869.
Caleb Strong 1812-1816.
William Claflin 1869-. . . ,
TERRITORY.
William Hull 1805-1814.
Lewis Cass 1814-1831.
George B. Porter 1831-1834.
S. T. Mason, (acting). 1834-1 835.
J. S. Homer, (acting). 1835-1 836.
STATE.
Stevens T. Mason. . . .1836-1840.
TERRITORY.
Alexander Ramsey. . .1849-1853.
Willis A. Gorman. . . .1853-1857.
MICHIGAN.
Wm. Woodbridge 1840-1841.
J. W. Gordon, (act.).. 1841-1842.
John'S. Barry 1842-1846.
Alpheus Felch 1846-1847.
W. L. Greenley, (act.). 1847-1848.
E. Ransom 1848-1850.
John S. Barry 1850-1852.
Robert McClelland. . .1852-1853.
MINNESOTA.
Samuel Medary 1857-1858.
STATE.
Henry H. Sibley 1858-1860.
A. Parsons, (act.)
Kinsley S. Bingham. .
Moses wiener
Austin Blair
Henry II. Crapo.
Henry P. Baldwin
1853-1855.
1855-1859.
1859-1861.
1861-1865.
18(55-1859.
,1869-....
Alexander Ramsey. . .1880-1864.
Stephen Miller 1864-1866.
W. R. Marshall 1866-.. .
TERRITORY.
Winthrop Sargent. . . .1798-1802.
W. C. C. Claiborae.. 1802-1805.
Robert Williams 1805-1809.
David Holmes . 1809-1817.
MISSISSIPPI.
Gerard C. Brandon. . .1827-1831.
Abraham M. Scott.. . .1831-1833.
Hiram G.,Runnels .... 1833-1835.
Charles Lynch 1835-1837.
A. G. McNutt 1837-1841.
Jas Whitfield 1851-1852.
Henry S. Foote 1852-1854.
John J McRae 1854-1858
Wm. McWillie 1858-1860.
John J. Pettus 1860-1862.
Jacob Thomson 1862-1864.
Charles Clarke 1864-1865.
Wm. L. Sharkey*. . . .1865-1866.
Benj. G. Humphreys. 1866-
STATE.
David Holmes 1817-1819.
George Poimlexter. . .1819-1821.
Walter Leake 1821-1825.
David Holmes. . . , ... 1825-1827.
T. M. Tucker 1841-1843.
Albert G. Brown 1843-1848.
Joseph W. Mat thews. 1848-1 850.
John A. Quitman.... 1850-1851.
John J. Guion, (act.).. 1851-1851.
1869.]
LIST OF GOVERNORS.
MISSOURI.
67
Alexander McNair. . .1820-1824., John C. Edwards . . . .1844-1848. C. F. Jackson 1861-1861.
Frederick Bates 1824-1826. Austin A. King 1848-1858. 'H. R. Gamble.
. 1826-1832.
John Miller...
Daniel Dunklin 1832-1836.
L. W. Boggs 1836-1840.
Thomas Reynolds.. . .1840-1844.
Sterling Price
. 1853-1857.
Thomas C Fletcher
1865 1869
Trusten Polk
1857-1857.
Jos. W McClurg
1869
H. Jackson, (acting).
.1857-1&57.
R. M. Stewart
.1857-1861.
TERRITORY.
Francis Burt 1854-1854.
Mark W. Izard 1854-1858.
NEBRASKA.
Wm. A. Richardson.. 1858-1860.
Samuel W. Black 1860-1863.
Alvin Sauuders 1863-1866.
David Butler 1866-1867.
STATE.
David Butler 1867-1868.
NEVADA.
TERRITORY. STATE.
James W. Nye 1861-1864. iH. G. Blasdel 1864-.
Josiah Bartlett
John T. Gilman —
John Langdon
Jeremiah Smith
John Langdon
William Plumer —
John T. Gilman
William Plumer
Samuel Bell ,
Levi Woodbury
David L.Morri'U...
.1792-1794
.1794-1805
.1805-1809
.1809-1810
.1810-1812
.1812-1813
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
(Benjamin Pierce 1827-1829.
! John Bell 1829-1830.
I Matthew Harvey 1830-1831.
J. M. Harper, (act.).. .1831-1831,
i Samuel Dtnemoor 1831-1884.
i William Badger 1834-1836.
jJared W. Williams.
Samuel Dinsnioor. .
Noah Martin
N. B.Baker
Ralph Metcalf
illiamHaile...
.1813-1816.
.1816-1819.
.1819-1823.
.1823-1824.
.1824-1827.
Isaac Hill 1836-1839.
John Page 1839-1842.
Henry Hubbard 1842-1844.
John H. Steele 1844-1846,
Anthony Colby 1846-1847.
Ichabod Goodwin . ,
N-. S. Berry
Joseph A. Gilmore
Frederic Smyth
Walter Harriman..
..1847-1849.
..1849-1852.
..1852-1854.
..1854-1855.
..1855-1857.
..1857-1859.
..1859-1861.
..1861-1863.
..1863-1865.
. . 1865-1867.
..1867-....
NEW JERSEY.
William Livingston.. 1789-1 794.
William Patterson. . .1794-1794.
Richard Howell 1794-1801.
Joseph Bloomfield... .1801-1812.
Aaron Ogden 1812-1813.
Peter D. Vroom 1829-1852.
Samuel L. Southard.. 1832-1833.
Elias P. Seeley 1833-1833
Daniel Haines 1848-1851
George F. Fort 1851-1854.
Rodman M. Price 1854-1857.
Wm. A. Newell 1857-1860
Peter D. Vroom 1833-1836.
Philemon Dickerson. 1836-1837.
Wm. Pennington 1837-1843.
Daniel Haines 1843-1844.
Charles C. Stratton... 1844-1848.
Charles S. Olden 1860-1863.
Joel Parker 186:3-1866.
Marcus L. Ward 1866-1869.
Thos. F. Randolph. . .1869-
Wm. S. Penningt on.. 181 3-1815.
Mahlon Dickerson. . .1815-1817.
I. H. Williamson 1817-1829.
NEW YORK.
George Clinton 17S9-1795. | Nath'l Pitcher, (act.) . .1827-1829. 'Hamilton Fish 1849-1851.
John Jay 1795-1801 . ! Martin Van Burcn. . . .1829-1829. , Washington Hunt .... 1851-1853.
George Clinton 1801-1804. Enos T. Throop ...... 1829-1833. Horatio Seymour 1853-1855.
Morgan Lewis 180-1-1807. \ William L. Marcy .... 1833-1839. : Myron H. Clark 1855-1857.
Daniel D. Tompkins. .1807-181(5. William H. Seward. . .1839-1843. 'John A. King 1857-1859.
John Taylor, (act.). . .181 6-1817. i William C. Bouck 1843-1845. Edwin D. Morgan ia59-1863.
DeWitt Clinton 1817-1822. i Silas Wright 1845-1847. i Horatio Seymour 1863-1865.
Joseph C. Yates 1822-1824. John Young 1847-1849. Reuben E. Fenton. . .1865-1869.
DeWitt Clinton 1824-1827. [John T. Hoffman 1869-
Alexander Martin 1789-1792.
Richard D. Spaight,.. 1792-1 795.
Samuel Ashe 1795-1798
NORTH CAROLINA.
William Miller 1814-1817.
John Branch 1817-1820.
Jesse Franklin 1820-1821.
John M. Morehead. . .1841-1845.
William A. Graham... 1845-1849.
Charles Manly 1849-1*51.
David S. Reid 1851-1855.
Thomas Bragg 1855-1859.
John W. Ellis 1859-1861.
Z.B.Vance 1861-1865.
W. W. Holdcn* 1865-1865.
Jonathan Worth 1865-1868.
W. W.Holden 1868-
William R. Davie.... 1798-1799.
Benjamin Williams .. .1799-1802.
James Turner 1802-1805
Gabriel Holmes 1821-1824.
Hutchins G. Burton.. 1824-1 827.
James Iredell 1827-1828.
Nathaniel Alexander. 1805-1807.
Benjamin Williams. . .1807-1808.
David Stone 1808-1810.
Benjamin Smith 1810-1811.
William Hawkins . . . .1811-1814.
John Owen 1828-1830.
Montfort Stokes 1830-1832.
David L. Swain 1832-1 S35.
Richard D. Spaight, . .183.5-1837.
Edward B. Dudley. . .1837-1841.
TERRITORY.
Arthur St. Clair 1788-1803.
Edward Tiffin™™.'. . .1803-1807.
Thos.Kirker, (acting). 1807-1808.
OHIO.
Samuel Huntington.. 1808-1810.
Return J. Meiers' 1810-1814.
O. Looker, (acting) .. .1814-1814.
Allen Trimble, (act.). 1822-1 822.
Jeremiah Morrow. . . .1822-1826.
Allen Trimble 1826-1830.
Thos. Worthington'.'.. 1814-1818.! Duncan McArthur.. .. 1830-1 SfcJ.
Ethan A. Brown 1818-1822. j Robert Lucas 1832-1836.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER,
[1869.
Joseph Vance
Wilson Shannon.
Thomas Corwin . .
OHIO.— ( Continued.)
.ia36-l&38.!William.Bebb 1846-1 848.! David Todd 1862-1864.
. 1838-1840. ; Seabury Ford 1848-1850. John Brough 1864-1865.
...1840-184-2.
Wilson Shannon 1843-1844.
T. W. Bartley, (act.). .1844-1844.
Mordecai Bartley 1844-1846.
Reuben Wood 1850-1853. !Chas. Anderson, (act.) 1865-1866.
William Medill 1853-1856. ! Jacob D. Cox 1866-1868.
Salmon P. Chase 1856-1860. ] R. B. Hayes 1868-
William Dennison.... 1860-1862.
OREGON.
TERRITORY. I Joseph Lane 1853-1853. 1 STATE.
James Shields 1848-1848.! John W. Davis 1853-1854. John Whittaker. . . .
Joseph Lane 1848-1 850. j George L. Curry 1854-1859. 1 Addison C. Gibbs. .
John P. Gaines 1850-1853.1 | George L. Woods. .
.1859-1862.
.1862-1866.
.1866-...
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas Miflin 1790-1799. 1 George Wolf 1829-1835. 'William Bigler 1852-1855.
Thomas McKean 1799-1808. 1 Joseph Ritner 1835-1839. ! James Pollock 1855-1858.
Simon Snyder 1808-1817. [David R. Porter 1839-1845. j William F. Packer. . .1858-1861.
William Findlay 1817-1820. Francis R. Shunk. . . .1845-1848. [Andrew G. Curtin... .1861-1867.
Joseph Heister 1820-1823. William F. Johnston . 1848-1852. 1 John W. Geary 1867-
John A. Shulze 1823-1829
Arthur Fenner .1790-1805
RHODE ISLAND.
William Sprague 1838-1839.
Samuel W. King 1839-1843.
James Fenner : . .1843-1845.
Charles Jackson . 1845-1846.
Francis M. Dimond. .1853-1854.
William W. Hoppin. .1854-1857.
Elisha Dyer 1857-1859.
Thomas G. Turner. . .1859-1860.
William Sprague 1860-1861.
J. R. Bartlett, (act.) .. 1861-1862.
W. C. Cozzens. (act.) . 1862-1 8153.
James Y. Smith 1863-1866.
Ambrose E. Burnside.1866-
Henry Smith, (act.) . . .1805-1806.
Isaac Wilbur, (act.).. 1806-1807.
James Fenner . 1807-1811
William Jones 1811-1817.
NehemiahR. Knight. 1817-1821.
William C. Gibbs. ...1821-1824.
James Fenner 1824-1831.
Lemuel H. Arnold. . . .1831-1833.
John B. Francis 1833-1838.
Byron Diman 1846-1847.
Elisha Harris 1847-1849.
H. B. Anthony 1849-1851.
Philip Allen 1851-1832.
W. B. Lawrence,(act.) 1852-1852.
Philip Allen 1852-1853.
Charles Pinckney...
A. Vanderhorst
William Moultrie...
Charles Pinckney...
Edward Rutledge
John Drayton, (act.).
AfiB. Richardson
Paul Hamilton
Charles Pinckney . . .
John Drayton
Henry Middleton
Joseph Alston
David R.Williams..
Andrew Pickens....
1789-1792.
1792-1794.
1794-1796.
1796-1798.
,1798-1800.
1800-1802.
1802-1804.
1804-1806.
1806-1808.
1808-1810.
1810-1812.
1812-1814.
1814-1816.
1816-1818.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
John Geddes 1818-1820.
Thomas Bennet 1820-1822.
John L. Wilson 1822-1824.
R. I. Manning 1824-1826.
John Ta vlor 1 826-1828.
S. D. Miller 1828-1830.
James Hamilton 1830-1832.
Robert Y. Hayne 1832-1834.
George McDuffie 1834-1836.
Pierce M. Butler 1836-1838.
Patrick Noble 1838-1840.
B. K. Henne@an,(act.).1840-1840.
J. P. Richardson 1840-1842.
J. H. Hammond 1842-1844.
William Aiken...
David Johnson . . .
W. B. Seabrook..
John H. Means. ..
John L. Manning.
James H. Adams.
R. F. W. Alston..
William H. Gist.
F. W. Pickens...
M. L. Bonham
A. G. Magrath
B. F. Perry*
James L. Orr
[Robert K.Scott..
...1844-1846.
...1846-1848.
...1848-1850.
...1850-1852.
...1852-1854.
...1854-1856.
. . .1856-1858.
....1858-1860.
....1860-1862.
...1862-1864.
...1864-1865.
. . .1865-1865.
...1865-1868.
...1868
TENNESSEE.
John Sevier
...1796-1801.
William Carroll
1 829-1 a35
William Trousdale 1849-1851.
Archibald Roane..
John Sevier
...1801-1803.
...1803-1809
Newton Cannon . . .
James K Polk
..1835-1839.
1839 184-1
William B. Campbell. 1851 -1853.
Andrew Johnson 1853 1857
William Blount
Joseph McMin
William Carroll...
Samuel Houston...
...1809-1815.
...1815-1821.
...1821-1827.
...1827-1829.
James C. Jones
Aaron V. Brown. . .
Neil S. Brown
..1841-1845.
...1845-1847.
..1847-1849.
Isham G. Harris 1857-1862.
Andrew Johnson 1862-1865.
W. G. Brownlow 1865-
TEXAS.
J. P. Henderson 1840-1847. 1H. G. Runnels 1857-1859. jPendleton Murray. . . .1863-1865.
George T. Wood 1847-1 849. 1 Sam. Houston 1859-1861. jA. J. Hamilton* 18(55-1866.
P. H. Bell 1849-1853. | Edward Clark, (act.). . 1861-1861. ; J. W. Throckmorton. 1866-1867.
Edward M. Pease. . . .1853-1857. F. R. Lubbock 1861-1863. |E. M. Pease 1867-
1S69.]
LIST OF GOVERNORS.
69
Moses Robinson
.1789-1790.
VERMONT
Ezra Butler
S. C. Crafts
William A. Palmer. .
Silas A . Jenisbn
Charles Paine
John Mattocks
William Slade
.1826-1828.
.1828-1831.
.1831-1835.
.1835-1841.
.1841-1843.
.1843-1844.
1844-1846
Erasing Fairbanks..
J. S. Robinson
Stephen Royce
Rylaud Fletcher. . .
Hilaud Hall
.1852-1853.
.1853-1854.
.1854-1856.
.1856-1858.
1 S*y*_1 Af\f\
Thomas Chittenden.
Isaac Tichcnor
.1790-1797.
1797-1807.
Israel Smith
.1807-1808.
.1808-1809.
Isaac Tichenor
Jonas Galusha
Martin Chittenden..
Jonas Galusha
.1809-1813.
.181:3-1815.
.1815-1820.
Erastus Fairbanks. . .1860-1801.
Frederick Holbrook. .1861-1863.
John G. Smith iKK3-is«f;
Horace Eaton
.1846-1849.
Richard Skinner —
C. P. Van Ness...
.1820-1823.
.1823-1820.
Carlos Coolidge
Charles K. Williams.
.1849-1850.
.1850-1852.
Paul Dillingham
JohnB. Pa^e...
.1865-1867.
1867-
Beverly Randolph . .
Henry"Lee
Robert Brooke
James Wood
James Monroe
VIRGINIA.
.1788-1791. Wilson C. Nicholas .. .1814-1816.
.1791-1794. James P. Preston. . ..1816-1819.
. 1794-1796. i Thomas M. Randolph . 1819-1822.
.1796-1799. James Pleasant 1822-1825.
..1799-1802 1 John Tyler 1825-1827.
Thomas W. Gilmer. . .1840-1841.
John Rutherford 1841-1842.
John M. Gregory 1842-1843.
James McDowell 1843-1846.
William Smith 1846-1849.
John B Floyd 1849 1852
John Page
William fr.Cabell..
John Tyler
. 1802-1805. i William B. Giles .... 1827-1830.
. 1805-1808. ! John Floyd 1&30-1834.
1808-1811. L. W. Tazewell. 1834-l<s36.
Joseph Johnson 1852-1856.
Henry A. Wise . 1856-1860
James Monroe
George W. Smith..
James Barbour. . .
.1811-1811. W. Robertson, (act.). 1836-1 837.
.1811-1812. David Campbell 1837-1840.
.1812-1814. .,
John Letcher 1860-1864.
Francis H. Pierpont. .1864-1868.
Henry H.Weils... ..1S68-.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Arthur I. Boreman. . .1SG3-1869.| William E. Stevenson.1869-. . . .
TERRITORY.
Henry Dodt^e 1836-1841 .
James D. Doty 1 841 -1844.
N. P. Tallmaclge 1844-1845.
Henry Dodge 1845-1848.
WISCONSIN.
STATE. ! Alex. W. Randall . . . .1857-1861.
Nelson Dewey 1848-1 851. ! Ed ward Salomon 1861-1 803.
L. J. Farwell 1&51-1R53. James T. Lewis 1863-1866.
William A. Barstow. .1853-ia55. Lucius Fairchild 1806-
Coles Bashford 1855-1857.|
TERRITORIES.
ARIZONA.
John A. Gurley 1862-1863. IM. M. Crocker. (Mil.). 1864-1866. 1
John N. Goodwin. . . .1863-1804. 1 R. C. McCormick. . . .1866-1868.)
COLORADO.
John Evans 1861-1865. | Alexander Cummings 1865-1807.
William Jayne
William H.Wallace,
Caleb Lyon ,
DAKOTA.
.1861-1863. | Newton Edmunds.. . .1863-1866.
IDAHO.
.1863-1864. IDavid W. Ballard. . . .1866-1867.
.1864-1800.!..
(A. C. Hunt
lA.J.Faulk...
Isaac L. Gibbs
David W. Ballard...
1867-
1806-...,
1867-1808.
1808-. . .
MONTANA.
Sidney Edgerton 1864-1865. |F. Meagher, (act.) . . . .1865-1866. | Green Clay Smith. . . .1866-
NEW MEXICO.
James S.Calhoun.... 1851-1 852. iDavid Merriwether.. 1853-1 857.
William C. Lane 1852-1853. ! Abraham Rencher. . .1857-1861.
Solan Borland 1853-1853. [Henry Connelly 1861-1805.
! Robert B.Mitchell..
jW^.M.T.Arny, (act.)
1865-1867.
1867-. . . .
UTAH.
Brigham Yonng 1850-1 854.! Alfred Cummiugs 1 £57-1 861.! James D. Doty 1864-1865.
E. J. Steptoe 1854-1857.jS. S. Harding 1861-1864. Charles Durkee 1865-
WASHINGTON.
Isaac I. Stevens 1853-1R57.IR. D. Gholson 1861-1861.
J. P. Anderson 1857-1857. W. H. Wallace 1861-1861.
Fayette McM ullen .. . . 1857-1861. 1
William Pickering.
M.F.Moore...
.1861-1867.
.1867-...,
70 THE AMERICAN YEAK-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
CONGRESS.
The first section of the Constitution provides that all legislative powers
therein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which
shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Congress must meet
at least once in every year, on the first Monday in December, and also at the
commencement of each Congress on the 4th of March.
The Senate of the United States is composed of two Senators from each
State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years. At their first meeting
under the Constitution, the Senators were divided into three classes, so that
the terms of one-third of the Senators might expire every second year. By
this means one-third of the Senate is renewed biennially. No person can be
a Senator who is under thirty years of age, nor unless he has been nine years
a citizen of the United States, and, when elected, is an inhabitant of the State
for which he is chosen. By an act of Congress, approved July 25th, 1866, it
is provided that the Legislatures of the several States shall elect Senators of
the United States in the following manner : Each House shall by a viva voce
vote of each member present, name a person for Senator on the second Tuesday
after the meeting and organization thereof. On the day following, the Houses
shall meet in joint assembly, and if the same person shall have received a
majority of all the votes cast in each House, he shall be declared duly elected
Senator of the United States ; but if not, then the joint assembly shall proceed
to choose, by a viva voce vote, a person for the purpose aforesaid, and the per
son who shall receive a majority of all the votes of the joint assembly, a
majority of the members of each House being present, shall be declared duly
elected. If such Senator is not elected on the first day, the joint assembly
shall meet and take at least one vote per day until an election is secured.
When a vacancy shall happen during the session of a Legislature, the
same proceedings shall be held on the second Tuesday after notice of such
vacancy shall have been received.
Besides its ordinary capacity, the Senate is invested with certain judicial
functions, and its members constitute a High Court of Impeachment. The
judgment only extends to removal from office and disqualification.
The House of Representatives is composed of members chosen every second
year by the people of the several States. No person can be a Representative
who is under twenty-five years of age, nor unless he has been seven years a
citizen of the United States, and, when elected, is an inhabitant of the State
for which he is chosen. Representatives are apportioned among the several
States according to their respective numbers, which numbers are ascertained
by an actual enumeration or census of all the inhabitants, made within
every term of ten years. By the law of 23d of May, 1850, under which the
existing apportionment of Representatives was originally made, it was en
acted that the number of Representatives in Congress should be 233, that
the representative population determined by the census of that year and
thereafter should be divided by said number 233, and that the quotient so
found should be the ratio of representation for the several States.
1869.]
CONGKESS.
71
The ratio thus ascertained under the census of 1860 was 126,823 ; and
upon this basis the 233 Representatives were apportioned among the several
States, one Representative for every district containing that number of per
sons ; giving to each State at least one Representative. Subsequently, by
the act of March 4th, 1862, the ratio was changed, and the number of Rep
resentatives from and after March 3d, 1863, was increased from 233 to 241,
by allowing one additional Representative to each of the following States,
viz : Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont ; and this number has been increased by the admission of Nevada
and Nebraska with one representative each, to 243.
In addition to the Representatives from the States, the House admits a
delegate from each organized Territory, who has the right to debate on
subjects in which his Territory is interested, but is not entitled to vote. The
members of each House receive a salary of $5,000 per annum, and mileage
at the rate of 20 cents per mile. For each day's absence, except when caused
by sickness, $8 per diem is deducted from the salary. The President of the
Senate pro tern, receives the same compensation as the Vice President. The
Speaker of the House of Representatives receives double the salary of a
member.
APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES.
By Act of March 4, 1SG2, under the Census of 1860 and by additional Act of March 3, 1863.
Alabama... . 6 Maine... 5 Ohio... .. 19
Arkansas 3
California 3
Connecticut 4
Delaware 1
Florida 1
Georgia 7
Illinois 14
Indiana 11
Iowa 6
Kansas 1
Maryland 5
Massachusetts 10
Michigan 6
Minnesota 2
Mississippi 5
Missouri 9 •
Nebraska 1
Nevada 1 •
New Hampshire 3
New Jersey 5
Kentucky 9 New York .
Louisiana 5 North Carolina .
,31
Oregon 1
Pennsylvania 24
Rhode Island 2
South Carolina ... 4
Tennessee 8
Texas 4
Virginia 8
Vermont 3
West Virginia 3
Wisconsin 6
Total... ...243
FORTIETH CONGRESS — 2o SESSION.
The Fortieth Congres-s commenced its first regular session March 4th, 1867; adjourned March
29th to July 3d, and again July 20th to November 21st. Its second regular session began Decem
ber 2d, 1867 ; was adjourned July 27th to September 21st, and then to October 16th, and again
to November 10th, and then sine die. The third regular session began December 7th, 1868.
SENATORS.
President of the Senate pro tern BENJAMIN F. WADE.
Secretary of the Senate G. C. GORHAM.
ALABAMA.
Willard Warner 1871.
Geo. E. Spencer 1873.
ARKANSAS.
Alexander Macdonald 1871.
Benjamin F. Rice 1873.
CALIFORNIA.
John Conness Sacramento City . .1869.
Cornelius Cole Santa Cruz 1873.
CONNECTICUT.
Janies Dixon Hartford 1869.
Orris S. Ferry Norwalk 1873.
DELAWARE.
James A. Bayard Wilmington 1869.
Willard Saulsbury Georgetown 1871.
FLORIDA.
A.S.Welch 1869.
T. W. Osborne 1873-
72
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
GEORGIA.
H. V. Miller Atlanta 1871.
Joshua Hill Savannah 1873.
ILLINOIS.
Richard Yates Jacksonville 1871.
Lyman Trumbull Chicago 1873.
INDIANA.
Thomas A. Hendricks . Indianapolis 1869.
Oliver P. Morton Indianapolis 1873.
IOWA.
James W. Grimes Burlington 1871.
James Harlan Mt. Pleasant 1873.
KANSAS.
Edmund G. Ross Lawrence 1871.
Samuel C. Pomeroy Atchison 1873.
KENTUCKY.
Thomas C. Me Creery. . Louisville 1871.
Garret Davis Paris 1873.
LOUISIANA.
John S. Harris 1871.
W. P. Kellogg New Orleans 1873.
MAINE.
Lot M. Morrill Augusta 1809.
Wm. Pitt Fesseuden. . .Portland ...1871.
MARYLAND.
Wm. Pinckney Whyte. .Baltimore 18B9.
George Vickers 1873.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Charles Sumner Boston 1809.
Henry Wilson Natick 1871.
MICHIGAN.
Zachariah Chandler Detroit 18f>9.
Jacob M. Howard Detroit 1871.
MINNESOTA.
Alexander Ramsey St. Paul.
Daniel S. Norton Winona.
MISSISSIPPI.*
....1869.
...1871.
MISSOURI.
John B. Henderson Louisiana 1869.
Charles D. Drake St. Louis 1873.
NEBRASKA.
Thomas W. Tipton Omaha City 1809.
John M. Thayer Brownsville 1871.
NEVADA.
William M. Stewart. . . .Virginia City 1869.
James W. Nye Carson City 1873.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Aaron H. Cragin Lebanon 1871.
James W. Patterson . . . Hanover 1873.
NEW JERSEY.
F. T. Frelinghuysen.. .Newark. . .
Alex. G. Cattell Camden . . .
.1809.
.1871.
.1809.
.1873.
.1871.
.1873.
.1809.
.1873.
.1871.
.1873.
.1873.
.1871.
NEW YORK.
Edwin D. Morgan New York
Roscoe Conkliug Utica
NORTH CAROLINA.
Gen. J. C. Abbott New Hanover.
John Pool Pasquatauk . . .
OHIO.
Benjamin F. Wade Jefferson
John Sherman Mansfield
OREGON.
George II . Williams. . . Portland
Henry W. Corbett Portland
PENNSYLVANIA.
Charles R. Buckalew...Bloomsburg. .
Simon Cameron Harrisburg
RHODE ISLAND.
William Sprague Providence
Henry B. Anthony Providence . . .
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Thomas J. Robinson
F. A. Sawyer Charleston
TENNESSEE.
David T. Patterson Greenville
Joseph S. Fowler Nashville
TEXAS.*
VIRGINIA. *
VERMONT.
George T. Edmunds. . .Burlington 1869.
Justin S. Morrill Stafford 1873.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Peter G. Van Winkle . . Parkersburg 1869.
Waitman T. Willey. . ..Morgantown 1871.
WISCONSIN.
James R. Doolittle Racine 1869.
Timothy O. Howe Green Bay 1873.
.1871.
.1873.
..1869.
..1871.
STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE^
Foreign Relations. Messrs. Sumner (chairman), Fessenden, Cameron, Harlan, Morton, Pat
terson, (N. H.), and .
Finance. Messrs. Sherman (chairman), Morgan, Williams, Van Winkle, Cattell, Henderson,
and Morrill, (Vt.)
Appropriations. Messrs. Morrill, (Me.), (chairman,) Grimes, Howe, Wilson, Cole, Conkling,
and Guthrie.
Commerce. Messrs. Chandler (chairman), Morrill, (Me.), Morgan, Sprague, Corbett, Patter-
eon, (Tenn.), and Doolittle.
* Not represented in the Senate. tFor Committees of 3d Session, see page 261.
1869.] COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE. 73
Manufactures, Messrs. Sprague (chairman), Pomeroy, Yates, Cole, and Dixon.
Agriculture. Messrs. Cameron (chairman), Cattell, Morton, Tipton, and Guthrie.
Military Affairs and the Militia. Messrs. Wilson (chairman), Howard, Sprague, Cameron,
Morton, Thayer, and Doolittle.
Naval Affairs. Messrs. Grimes (chairman), Anthony, Cragin, Nye, Frelinghuysen, Drake,
and Hendricks.
Judiciary. Messrs. Trumbull (chairman), Stewart, Frelinghuysen, Edmunds, Conkling,
— , and Hendricks.
Post Offices and Post Roads. Messrs. Ramsey (chairman), Conness, Pomeroy, Van Winkle,
Harlan, Morrill, (Vt.), and Dixon.
Public Lands. Messrs. Pomeroy (chairman), Stewart, Edmunds, Cattell, Williams, Tipton,
and Hendricks.
P?i,vate Land Claims. Messrs. Williams (chairman), Howard, Ferry, Norton, and Bayard.
Indian Affairs. Messrs. Henderson (chairman), Morrill, (Me.), Ross, Corbett, Thayer, Buck-
alew, and Doolittle.
Pensions. Messrs. Van Winkle (chairman), Edmunds, Trumbull, Fowler, Tipton, Davis, and
Bayard.
Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Nye (chairman), Chandler, Howe, Patterson, (Tenn.), and
Conness.
Claims. Messrs. Howe (chairman), Willey, Frelinghuysen, Howard, Morrill, (Vt.), Cole, and
Davis.
District of Columbia. Messrs. Harlan (chairman), Sumner, Henderson, Willey, Patterson,
(N. H.), Corbett, and Patterson, (Tenn.)
Patents and the Patent Office. Messrs. Willey (chairman), Sherman, Thayer, Ferry, and
Norton.
Public Buildings and Grounds. Messrs. Fessenden (chairman), Trumbull, Grimes, Ferry,
and .
Territories. Messrs. Yates (chairman), Nye, Cragin, Fowler, Ramsey, Ferry, and Davis.
Pacific Railroad. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Sherman, Morgan, Conness, Ramsey, Stewart,
Wilson, Harlan, and Drake.
Audit and Control the. Contingent Expenses of the Senate. Messrs. Cragin (chairman), Drake,
and Buckalew.
Engrossed Sills. Messrs. Fowler (chairman), Sumner. and Norton.
Mines and Mining. Messrs. Conness (chairman), Stewart, Chandler, Anthony, Yates, Conk-
ling, and Saulsbury.
SELECT COMMITTEE OP THE SENATE.
Committee on Revising the Rules of the Senate. Messrs. Anthony (chairman), Pomeroy, and
Edmunds.
JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES ON THE PART OF THE SENATE.
Printing. Messrs. Anthony (chairman), Ross, and .
Unrolled Bills. Messrs. Ross (chairman), Patterson, (N. H.), and Dixon.
The Library. Messrs. Morgan (chairman), Howe, and Fesseuden.
JOINT SELECT COMMITTEES ON THE PART OF THE SENATE.
Retrenchment. Messrs. Edmunds (chairman), Williams, Patterson, (N. H.), and Buckalew.
Revise and Fix the Pay of the Officers of the Two Houses. Messrs. Fessenden (chairman),
Sherman, and Buckalew.
Examine the Accounts for Furnishing the Executive Mansion. Messrs. Harlan (chairman), and
Norton.
Ordnance. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Cameron, and Drake.
OFFICERS OF THE SENATE.
Chaplain Rev. Edgar H. Gray, D. D.
Messengers Charles N. Richards,
George S. Wagner.
Sergeant-at-Arms George T. Brown.
Postmaster J, M. Edmunds.
Superintendent of Document Room Moses Titcomb.
Superintendent of Folding Room -. L. D. Merchant.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
HOUSE OF
Speaker of the House
Clerk of tlie House
REPRESENTATIVES.
SCHUYLER COLFAX.
EDWARD McPiiEKSoN.
ALABAMA.
1. Francis W. Kellogg Mobile.
2. Charles W. Buckley. ...Hayuesvillc.
8. Benjamin W. Norris Montgomery,
4. Charles W. Pierce Demopolis.
5. John B. Callis Huntsville.
6. Thomas Haughey Decatur.
ARKANSAS.
1. Logan II. Roots
3. Thomas Boles
CALIFORNIA.
1. Samuel B. Axtell San Francisco.
2. William Higby Calaveras.
3. James A. Johnson Downieville.
CONNECTICUT.
1. Richard D. Hubbard Hartford.
2. Julius Hotchkiss Midclletown.
3. Henry II. Starkweather. Norwich.
4. Win. H. Barnuin Lakeville.
DELAWABE.
1. John A. Nicholson Dover.
FLORIDA.
1. Charles M.Hamilton...
GEORGIA.
1. J. W. Clift Savannah.
2. Nelson Tift
3. W. P. Edwards.
4. Samuel F. Goye Griswoldsville.
5. Charles H. Prince Augusta.
6. John H. Christy
7. P. M. B. Young
ILLINOIS.
1. Norman B. Judd Chicago.
2. John F. Farnsworth St. Charles.
3. Elihu B. Washburne. . . .Galena.
4. Abner C. Harding Monmouth.
5. Ebon C. Ingersoll Peoria.
6. Burton C. Cook Ottawa.
7. Henry P. H. Brom well.. Charleston.
8. Shelby M. Cullom Springfield.
9. Lewis W. Ross Lewiston.
10. Albert G. Burr Winchester.
11. Samuel S. Marshall McLeansboro.
12. Jehu Baker Belleville.
13. Green B. Raum Harrisburg.
14. John A. Logan Carbondale.
INDIANA.
1. William E. Niblack Vincennes.
2. Michael C. Kerr New Albany.
3. Morton C. Hunter Bloomington.
4. William S. Holman Aurora.
B. George W.Julian Centreville.
6. John Coburn Indianapolis.
7. Henry D. Washburn Clinton.
8. Godlove S. Orth Lafayette.
9. Schuyler Colfax South Bend.
10. William Williams Warsaw.
11. John P. C. Shanks Jay Court House.
IOWA.
1. James F. Wilson Fail-field.
2. Hiram Price Davenport.
8. William B. Allison Dubuque.
4. William Loughridge Oskalqosa.
5. Grenville M. Dodge Council Bluffs.
6. Asahel W. Hubbard Sioux City.
KANSAS.
1. Sidney Clark Lawrence.
KENTUCKY.
1. Lawrence S. Trimble. . .Paducah.
2.
3. John S. Golladay Allensville.
4. J. Proctor Kuott Lebanon.
5. Asa P. Grover Louisville.
6. Thomas L. Jones Newport.
7. James B. Beck Lexington.
8. George M. Adams Barbourville.
9. Samuel McKee
LOUISIANA.
1. J. H. Sypher New Orleans.
2.
3. Joseph P. Newsham WTest Feliciana.
4. Michael Vidall St. Landry.
5. Win. Jasper Blackburn. Homer.
MAINE.
1. John Lynch Portland.
2. Sidney Perham Paris.
3. James G. Blaine Augusta.
4. John A. Peters Bangor.
5. Frederick A. Pike Calais.
MARYLAND.
1. Hiram McCullough Elkton.
2. Stevenson Archer Belair.
3. Charles E. Phelps Baltimore.
4. Francis Thomas Frankville.
5. Frederick Stone Port Tobacco.
MASSACHUSETTS.
1. Thomas D. Eliot New Bedford.
2. Oakes Ames North Easton.
3. Ginery Twichell Brookline.
4. Samuel Hooper Boston.
5. Benjamin F. Butler Gloucester.
6. Nathaniel P. Banks Waltham.
7. George S. Boutwell Groton.
8. John D. Baldwin Worcester.
9. William B. Washburn.. Greenfield.
10. Henry L. Dawes Pittsneld.
MICHIGAN.
1. Fernando C. Beaman. . .Adrian.
2. Charles Upson Coldwater.
3. Austin Blair Jackson.
4. Thomas W. Ferry Grand Haven.
5. Rowland E. Trowbridge.Birmingham.
6. John F. Driggs East Saginaw,
MINNESOTA.
1. William Windom Winona.
2. Ignatius Donnelly Hastings.
MISSISSIPPI.*
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
MISSOURI.
William A. Pile St. Louis.
Carman A. Newcomb . . . Tunnel.
* Not represented in the House of Representatives.
1889.]
3. James R. McCormiCk. .
4. Joseph J. Gravely
5. John H. Stover
6. Robert T. Van Horn...
7. Benjamin F. Loan
8. John F. Benjamin
9. George W. Anderson..
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
.Stockton.
. Linn Creek.
. Kansas City.
.St. Joseph.
.Shelbyville.
.Louisiana.
NEBRASKA.
1. John Taffe Or. aha.
NEVADA.
1. Delos R, Ashley Virginia City.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
1. Jacob H. Ela Rochester.
2. Aaron F. Stevens Nashua.
3. Jacob Benton Lancaster.
NEW JERSEY.
1. William Moore May's Landing.
2. Charles Haight Freehold.
3. Charles Sitgreaves Philipsburg.
4. John Hill Boonton.
5. George A. Halsey Newark.
NEW YORK.
1. Stephen Taber Roslyn.
2. Demas Barnes Brooklyn.
3. William E. Robinson... Brooklyn.
4. John Fox New York.
5. John Morrisey New York.
6. Thomas E. Stewart New York.
7. John W. Chanler New York.
8. James Brooks New York.
9. Fernando Wood New York.
10. William H. Robertson. .Bedford.
11. Charles H. Van Wyck..Middletown.
12. John H. Ketchum Dover.
13. Thomas Cornell Rondout.
14. John V. L. Pruyn Albany.
15. John A. Griswold Troy.
16. Orange Ferriss Glenn's Falls.
17. Calvin T. Hulburd Brasher Falls.
18. James M. Marvin Saratoga Springs.
19. William C. Fields.. .,..Laurens.
20. Addison H. Laflin Herkimer.
21. Alexander H. Bailey — Rome.
22. John C. Churchill Oswego.
23. Dennis McCarthy Syracuse.
24. Theodore M.Pomeroy.. Auburn.
25. William H. Kelsey Geneseo.
26. William S. Lincoln Binghamton.
27. Hamilton Ward Belmont.
28. Lewis Selye Rochester.
29. Burt Van Horn Lockport.
30. James M. Humphrey. . .Buft'alo.
31. Henry Van Aernam Franklinville.
NORTH CAROLINA.
1. John R. French Chowan.
2. David Heaton Craven.
3. Oliver H. Dockery Richmond.
4. John T. Deweeee Raleigh.
5. Israel G. Lash Forsyth.
6. Nathaniel Boyden Salisbury.
7. Alex. H. Jones Buncombe.
OHIO.
1. Benjamin Eggleston Cincinnati.
2. Samuel F. Cary Cincinnati.
3. Robert C. Schenck Dayton.
4. William Lawrence Bellefontaine.
5. William Mungen Findlay.
6. Reader W. Clark Batavia.
7. Samuel Shellabarger Springfield.
8. JohnBeatty
Ralph P. Buckland
James M. Ashley
John T. Wilson
Philadelph Van Trump
Columbus Delano
Martin Wclker
Tobias A. Plants
John A. Bingham
EphraimR. Eckley....
Rufus P. SpaMing
James A. Garfield
.Fremont.
.Toledo.
. Tranquility.
.Lancaster.
. Mount Vernon.
.Wooster.
. Pomeroy.
.Cadiz.
.Carroll ton.
. Cleveland.
.Hiram.
OREGON.
1. Rufus Mallory Salem.
PENNSYLVANIA.
1. Samuel J. Randall Philadelphia.
2. Charles O'Neil Philadelphia.
3. Leonard Myers Philadelphia.
4. William D. Kelley Philadelphia.
5. Caleb N. Taylor Bristol.
6. Benjamin M. Boyer Norristown.
7. John M. Broomall Media.
8. J. Lawrence Getz Reading.
9. O. J.Dickey
10. Henry L. Cake Tamaqua.
11. Daniel M. Van Auken. .Milford.
12. George W. Woodward. . Wilkesbarre.
13. Ulysses Mercur Towanda.
14. George F. Miller Lcwisburg.
15. Adam J. Glossbrenner..York.
16. William H. Koontz Somerset.
17. Daniel J. Morrell Johnstown.
18. Stephen F. Wilson Wellsboro.
19. Glenni W. Scofield Warren.
20. S. Newton Pettis Meadville.
21. John Covode Lockport.
James K. Moorhead Pittsburgh.
23. Thomas Williams Pittsburgh.
>4. George V. Lawrence — Monongahela City.
RHODE ISLAND.
1. Thomas A. Jenckes Providence.
2. Nathan F. Dixon Westerly.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
1. Benj. F. Whittemore. ..Darlington.
2. C. C. Bowen Charleston.
3. Simeon Corley Leximrton.
4. James H. Goss Unionville.
TENNESSEE.
1. Roderick R. Butler Tayloryille.
2. Horace Maynard Knoxville.
3. William B. Stokes Liberty.
4. James Mullins Shelbyville.
5. John Trimble Nashville.
6. Samuel M. Arnell Columbia.
7. Isaac R. Hawkins Huntingdon.
8. David A. Nunn Brownsville.
TEXAS.*
VIEGINIA.*
* Not represented in the House of Representatives.
76
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
VERMONT.
1. Fred. E. Woodbridge...Vergennes.
2. Luke P. Poland * St. Johnsbury.
3. Worthingtou C. Smith.. St. Albans.
WEST VIRGINIA.
1. Chester D. Hubbard. . . .Wheeling. '
2. Bcthuel M. Kitchen Martinsburg.
3. Daniel Polsley Point Pleasant.
WISCONSIN.
1. Halbert E. Paine Milwaukie.
2. Benjamin F. Hopkins.. Madison.
3. Amasa Cobb Mineral Point.
4. Charles A. Eldridge Fond du Lac.
5. Philetus Sawyer Oshkosh.
6. C. C. Washburn La Crosse.
DELEGATES FROM TERRITORIES.
ARIZONA.
Coles Bashford Tucson.
COLORADO.
George M. Chilcott Excelsior.
DAKOTA.
Walter A. Burleigh Yancton.
IDAHO.
E. D. Holbrook Boise City.
MONTANA.
James M. Cavanaugh Helena.
NEW MEXICO.
Charles P. Clever
UTAH.
William H. Hooper Salt Lake City.
WASHINGTON.
Alvan Flanders Walla Walla.
STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE.*
Elections. Messrs. Dawes (chairman), Scofield, Upson, Shellabarger, McClurg, Cook, Poland,
Chanler, and Kerr.
Ways and Means. Messrs. Schenck (chairman), Hooper, Moorhead, Allison, Griswold, Logan,
Maynard, Brooks, and Niblack.
Appropriations. Messrs. Washburne, (111.), (chairman), Spalding, Elaine, Beaman, Butler,
(Mass.), Kelsey, Phelps, and Nicholson.
Banking and Currency. Messrs. Pomeroy (chairman), Hooper, Buckland, Lynch, Hubbard,
(W. Va.), Judd, Coburn, Randall, and Barnes.
Pacific Railroad. Messrs. Price (chairman), Higby, Donnelly, Clarke, (Kan.), Mallory, Ames,
Covode, Pruyn, and Van Trump.
Claims. Messrs. Bingham (chairman), Washburn, (Mass.), Ward, Holman, Harding, Cobb,
Mercur, Stokes, and Hubbard, (Conn.)
Commerce. Messrs. Washburne (111.), (chairman), Eliot, Dixon, O'Neill, Eggleston, Hum
phrey, Sawyer, Robertson, and Axtell.
Public Lands. Messrs. Julian (chairman), Driggs, Glossbrenner, Donnelly, Eckley, Anderson,
Ashley, (Nevada,) Hopkins, and Taber.
Post- Offices and Post Roads. Messrs. Farnsworth (chairman), Ferry, Lawrence, (Penn.), Clarke,
(Ohio,) Lincoln, Lynch, Hill, Fox, and Johnson.
District of Columbia. Messrs. Ingersoll (chairman), Welker, Baldwin, McCullough, Koontz,
Wood, Williams, (Ind.), Halsey, and Van Horn, (N. Y.)
Judiciary. Messrs. Wilson (Iowa,) (chairman), Boutwell, Thomas, Williams, (Penn.), Wood-
bridge, Lawrence, (Ohio,) Churchill, Marshall, and Eldridge.
Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Ward (chairman), Stevens, (N. H.), Nunn, Trowbridge, Law
rence, (Ohio,) Polsley, Robertson, Eldridge, and Van Auken.
Public Expenditures. Messrs. Hulburd (chairman), Broomall, Hubbard, (Iowa,) Plants, Brom-
well, Cobum, Peters, Taber, and Getz.
Private Land Claims. Messrs. Orth (chairman), Loughridge, Woodbridge, Woodward, Trim
ble, (Tenn.), Bailey, Benton, and Stone.
Manufactures. Messrs. Morrell (chairman), Ames, Sawyer, Smith, Selye, Moore, Laflin,
Barnum, and Van Trump.
Agriculture. Messrs. Trowbridge (chairman), Lawrence, (Penn.), Ross, Newcomb, Fields,
Wilson, (Ohio,) Loughridge, Kitchen, and Johnson.
Indian Affairs. Messrs. Windom (chairman), Hubbard, (Iowa,) Clarke, (Kan.), Ross, Van
Horn, (Mo.), Scofield, Shanks, Taffe, and Mungen.
Military Affairs. Messrs. Garfield (chairman), Pile., Ketcham, Washburn, (Ind.), Dodge,
Raum, Hawkins, Sitgreaves, and Boyer.
Militia,, Messrs. Paine (chairman), Harding, Buckland, Banks, Gravely, Blair, Shanks, Adams,
and Van Auken.
Naval Affairs. Messrs. Pike (chairman), Kelley, Twichell, Stewart, Starkweather, Ferry,
Stevens, (N. H.), Archer, and Haight.
or appointments to fill vacancies in Committees of 3d Session, see page 262.
1869.] COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE. 77
Foreign Affairs. Messrs. Banks (chairman), Orth, Cullom, Washburn, (Wis.), McCarthy,
Blair, Myers, Robinson, and Morgan.
Territories. Messrs. Ashley (Ohio,) (chairman), Cullom, Marvin, Hunter, Taylor, Mullins,
Taffe, Wood, and Hotchkiss.
Revolutionary Pensions and of the War of 1812. Messrs. Loan (chairman), Mullins, Price,
Washburn, (Mass.), Miller, Selye, Washburn, (Ind.), Burr, and Morrisey.
Invalid Pensions. Messrs. Perham (chairman), Van Aernam, Benjamin, Nunn, Miller, Polsley,
Burr, and Fox.
Eoads and Canals. Messrs. Cook (chairman), Cornell, Wilson, (Ohio,) Cake, Newcomb,
Dodge, McCarthy, Kerr, and Barnum.
Mines and Mining. Messrs. Higby (chairman), Ashley, (Nevada,) Driggs, Ashley, (Ohio,)
Ferriss, Hunter, Mallory, Woodward, and Knott.
Freedmen's Affairs. Messrs. Eliot (chairman), Trimble, (Tenn.), Loan, Paine, Ela, Morrell,
Baker, Adams, and Hotchkiss.
Education and Labor. Messrs. Baker (chairman), Cary, Julian, Boutwell, Wilson, (Penn.,)
Cornell, Gravely, Barnes, and Stone.
Coinage, Weights and Measures. Messrs. Kelly (chairman), Judd, Smith, Ferris, Hill, Cary,
and Axtell.
Patents. Messrs. Jenckes (chairman), Myers, Chanler, Bromwell, and Peters.
Public Grounds and Buildings. Messrs. Covode (chairman), Van Horn, (N. Y.), Cobb, Moore,
and Jones.
Revisal and Unfinished Business. Messrs. Poland (chairman), Wilson, (Iowa,) Pomeroy,
Windom, and Marshall.
Mileage. Messrs. Anderson (chairman), Plants, Van Aernam, Raum, and Getz.
Accounts. Messrs. Broomall (chairman), Eckley, Arnell, Fields, and McCullough.
Expenditures in the State Department. Messrs. Arnell (chairman), Pike, Finney, Clarke,
(Ohio,) and Humphrey.
Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Messrs. Marvin (chairman), Starkweather, Taylor,
Kitchen, and Robinson.
Expenditures in the- War Department. Messrs. Williams (Ind.), (chairman), Williams, (Pcnn.),
Garfield, Phelps, and Golladay.
Expenditures in the Navy Department. Messrs. Upson (chairman), Dawes, Van Wyck,
Thomas, and Glossbrenner.
Expenditures in the Post- Office Department. Messrs. Pile (chairman), Eggleston, O'Neill,
Ketcham, and Hubbard, (Conn.)
Expenditures in the Interior Department. Messrs. Hubbard (W. Va.), (chairman), Koontz,
Bailey, Twichell, and Morgan.
Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Messrs. Washburn (Wis.), (chairman), Dixon, Van
Horn, (Mo.,) Archer, and Grove r.
SELECT COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE.
Rules. The Speaker (chairman), Messrs. Washburne, (111.), Banks, Elaine, and Brooks.
Southern Eailroads. Messrs. McClurg (chairman), Mercnr, Washburn, (Ind.), Chauler, and
Sawyer.
Education in the District of Columbia. Messrs. Van Aernam, (chairman), Williams, (Ind.),
Loughridge, and Archer.
Soldiers'1 and Sailors' Bounties. Messrs. Washburn (Ind.), (chairman), Paine, and Getz.
Reconstruction. Messrs. Boutwell, (chairman), Bingham, Farnsworth, Hulburd, Beaman,
Paine, Brooks, and Beck.
Revision of Laws of the United States. Messrs. Poland (chairman), Spalding, Jenckes, Ferris,
and Woodward.
JOINT .STANDING COMMITTEES ON THE PAKT OF THE HOUSE. •
Planting. Messrs. Lafiin (chairman), Ela, and Cake.
Library. Messrs. Baldwin (chairman), Pruyn, and Spalding.
Enrolled Bitts. Messrs. Wilson (Penn.), (chairman), Hopkins, and Holman.
JOINT SELECT COMMITTEES ON THE PART OF THE HOUSE.
Retrenchment. Messrs. Van Wyck (chairman), Randall, Welker, Halsey, Jenckes, Benjamin,
and Ben ton.
78
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
fievise and Fix the Pay of (Tie Officers of the two Houses. Messrs. Woodbridge (chairman),
Eckley, and McCullough.
Examine the Accounts for Furnishing the Executive Mansion. Messrs. Spalding (chairman),
Beaman, and Glossbrenner.
Ordnance. Messrs. Logan (chairman), Bntler, (Mass.), and Schenck.
OFFICEKS OP THE HOUSE.
Chaplain Rev. Charles B. Boynton, D. D.
Chief Messenger Samuel D. Leib.
Librarian James Tisdale.
Sergeant-at-Arms N. G. Ordway.
Door-keeper of the House Charles E. Lippincott.
Superintendent Folding Room Edward Spicer.
Superintendent Document Room Cyril Hawkins.
Postmaster William S. King.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SENATORS.*
Wade, Benjamin F.
Doolittle, James R.
Howe, Timothy O.
Sherman, John
Anthony, Henry B.
Drake, Charles D.
Morgan, Edwin D.
Sprague, William
Bayard, J. A.
Edmunds, G. F.
Morrill, Justin S.
Stewart, William M.
Buckalew, Charles R.
Ferry, O. S.
Merrill, Lot M.
Sumner, Charles
Cameron, Simon
Fesscnden, William P.
Morton, O. P.
Thaycr, John M.
Cattell, A. G.
Fowler, J. S.
Norton, Daniel S.
Tipton, T. W.
Chandler, Zachariah
Frelinghuysen, F. T.
Nye, James W.
Trumbull, Lyman
Cole, Cornelius
Grimes, James W.
Patterson, D. T.
Van Winkle, P. G.
Conkling, Roscoe
Guthrie, James
Patterson, J. W.
Whyte, Win. Pinckney
Conness, John
Harlan, James
Pomeroy, Samuel C.
Willey, W. T.
Corbett, H. W.
Henderson, John B.
Ramsey, Alexander
Williams, George H.
Cragin, Aaron H.
Hendricks, Thomas A.
Ross, E. G.
Wilson, Henry
Davis, Garret
Howard, Jacob M.
Saulsbury, Willard
Yates, Richard
Dixon, James
ALPHABETICAL LIST
OF REPRESENTATIVES.*
Colfax, Schuyler
Buckland, Ralph P.
Ferry, Thomas W.
Jenckes, T. A.
Allison, William B.
Burr, A. G.
Fields, W. C.
Jones, T. L.
Adams, G. M.
Butler, B. F.
Finney, D. A.
Johnson, J. A.
Ames, Oakes
Butler, R. R.
Fox, J. A.
Judd, N. B.
Anderson, Geo. V.
Cake, H. L.
Garfleld, James A.
Julian, George W.
Archer, Stevenson
Cary, S. F.
Getz, J. Lawrence
Kelley, William D.
Arnell, S. M.
Chanler, John W.
Glossbrenner, Adam J.
Kelsey, W. H.
Ashley, Delos R.
Churchill, J. C.
Gollady, J. S.
Kerr, Michael C.
Ashley, James M.
Clarke, Reader W.
Gravely, Joseph J.
Ketcham, John H.
Axtell, S. B.
Clarke, Sidney
Grover, A. P.
Kitchen, B. M.
Bailey, Alexander H.
Cobb, Amasa
Griswold, John A.
Koontz, W. H.
Baker Jehu
Coburn, John
Haight, C.
Knott, J. P.
Baldwin; John D.
Cook, Burton C.
Halsey, G. A.
Laflin, Addison H.
Banks, Nathaniel P.
Cornell, T.
Harding, Abner C.
Lawrence, George V.
Barnes, Demas
Covode, John
Hawkins, I. R.
Lawrence, William
Barnum, W. II.
Cullom, S. M.
Higby, W.
Lincoln, W. S.
Beaman, Fernando C.
Dawes, Henry L.
Hill, John
Loan, Benjamin F.
Benton, Jacob
Dixon, N. F.
Holman, W. S.
Logan, J. A.
Beck, James B.
Dodge, G. M.
Hooper, Samuel
Loughridgc, William
Benjamin, Jno. F.
D'onnelly, Ignatius
Hopkins, B. F.
Lynch, John
Bingnam, John A.
Driggs, John F.
Hotchkiss, J.
Mallory, Rums
Blaine, James G.
Ela, J. H.
Hubbard, Asahel W.
Marshall, Samuel S.
Blair, A.
Eckley, Ephraim R.
Hubbard, Chester D.
Marvin, James M.
Boutwell, Geo. S.
Eggleston, Benjamin
Hubbard, Richard D.
Maynard, Horace
Boyer, Benjamin M.
Eldridge, Charles A.
Hulburd, Calvin T.
McCarthy, D.
Bromwell, Henry P. H.
Eliot, Thomas D.
Humphrey, James M.
McClurg, Joseph W.
Brooks, James
Farnsworth, John F.
Hunter, M. C.
McCormick, James R.
Broomall, John M.
Ferries, Orange
Ingersoll, Ebon C.
McCullough, Hiram
*For additional names of new members, 3d Session, see page 261.
EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT.
79
Mercur, Ulysses
Pike, Frederick A.
Smith, W. C.
Van Horn, Robert T.
Miller, George F.
Pile, William A.
Spalding, Rums P.
Van Trump, P.
Moore, William
Plants, Tobias A.
Starkweather, II. H.
Van Wyck, C. H.
Moorhead, James K.
Poland, Luke P.
Stevens, A. F.
Ward, Hamilton
Morgan, G. W.
Polsley, Daniel
Stewart, T. E.
Washburn, C. C.
Morrell, D. J.
Pomeroy, Theodore M.
Stokes, W. B. .
Washburn, H. D.
Morrisey, John
Price, Hiram
Stone, Frederick
Washburn, William B.
Mullins, J.
Pruyn, J. V. L.
Taber, Stephen
Washburne, Elihu B.
Mttngen, W.
Randall, Samuel J.
Taffe, John
Welker, Martin
Myers, Leonard
Raum, G. B.
Taylor, C. N.
Williams, Thomas
Newcomb, C. A.
Robertson, W. H.
Thomas, Francis
Williams, W.
Niblack, William E.
Robinson, William E.
Trimble, John
Wilson, James F.
Nicholson, John A.
Ross, Lewis W.
Trimble, L. S.
Wilson, John T.
Nunn, D. A.
Sawyer, Philetus
Trowbridge, R. E.
Wilson, Stephen F.
O'Neill, Charles
Schenck, Robert C.
Twichell, Ginery
Windom, William
Orth, Godlove S.
Scofield, Glenni W.
Upson, Charles
Wood, Fernando
Paine, Halbert E.
Selye, Lewis
Van Aernam, H.
WToodbridge, F. E.
Perham, Sidney E.
Shanks, J. P. C.
Van Auken, D. M.
Woodward, G. W.
Peters, John A.
Shellabarger, Samuel
Van Horn, Burt
Young, J. D.
Phelps, Charles E.
Sitgreaves, Charles
EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT.
The President is chosen by Electors, each State having as many as it has
Senators and Representatives in Congress. He holds office four years; is
Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States ; has power
to grant pardons and reprieves for offenses against the United States ; makes
treaties by and with the advice and consent of the Senate ; nominates, and
with the consent of the Senate, appoints all Cabinet, Diplomatic, Judicial,
and Executive officers ; has power to convene Congress, or the Senate only ;
communicates to Congress by message at every session, the condition of the
Union, and recommends such measures as he deems expedient ; receives all
Foreign Ministers ; takes care that the laws are faithfully executed, and the
public business transacted.
The Vice-President is chosen by the Electors at the same time and in the
same manner as the President; is President of the Senate, and has the casting
vote therein. In case of the death, resignation, disability, or removal of the
President, his powers and duties devolve upon the Vice-President for the
residue of his term. In case of the death of both the President and Vice-
President, or if those offices for any reason become vacant, the President pro
tempore of the Senate acts as President of the United States, or if there be
none, then the Speaker of the House of Representatives, until a new election
can be had, which must take place within thirty-four days preceding th<j first
Wednesday in December following, provided the space of two months inter
venes between the date of the notice of such special election and said first
"Wednesday in December ; if such period does not intervene, then the election
is to be held during the same period in the year ensuing, provided the term
of office does not expire prior thereto. The notice of election is to be issued
by the Secretary of State, and addressed to the respective Governors. In
80 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
cases of vacancy, where the Vice-President succeeds to the Presidential office,
the President of the Senate becomes ex officio Vice-President.
President of the United States, - ANDREW JOHNSON, Salary, $25,000
Private Secretary, - KOBERT JOHNSON, " 3,500
Vice-President (acting), - - BENJAMIN F. WADE, " 8,000
THE CABINET.
The following are the principal officers in the Executive Department of the
Government, who form the Cabinet :
Secretary of State WILLIAM H. SEWARD New York $8,000
Secretary of the Treasury HUGH MCCULLOCH Indiana 8,000
Secretary of War JOHN M. SCHOFIELD Illinois 8,000
Secretary of the Navy GIDEON WELLES Connecticut 8,000
Secretary of the Interior ORVILLE H. BROWTCING Illinois 8,000
Postmaster- General ALEX. W. RANDALL Wisconsin 8,000
Attorney- General WILLIAM M. EVARTS v .New York 8,000
DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
This Department, established July 27th, 1789, was originally styled the
Department of Foreign Aifairs, but its name was changed by an Act of Con
gress to the Department of State. The Secretary, who is the principal officer
of the Department, is charged with all duties relative to correspondences,
commissions, or instructions to or with our foreign ministers or consuls ; nego
tiations with public ministers from foreign states or princes ; and with such
other matters respecting foreign aifairs as the President shall assign to the
Department. He is also charged with the duty of receiving and preserving
the Enrolled Acts of Congress, and with the publication of printed copies
of them. He is made by law the custodian of the seal of the United States,
and it is his duty to affix the said seal to all civil commissions, and other
instruments and acts, whenever he has the special warrant of the President
therefor.
The Diplomatic, Branch has charge of all correspondence between the De
partment and other diplomatic agents of the United States abroad, and those
of foreign powers accredited to this government.
The Consular Branch has charge of the correspondence, etc., between the
department and the consuls and commercial agents of the United States.
The Disbursing Agent has charge of all matters connected with accounts
relating to any fund disbursed by the department.
The Translator furnishes such translations as the department may require,
and records the commissions of consuls and vice-consuls, when not in English,
upon which exequaturs are issued.
The Clerk of Appointments and Commissions makes out and records com
missions, letters of appointment, nominations to the Senate, exequaturs, and
records, when in English, the commissions on which they are issued ; and
has charge of the Library.
1869.]
INTERCOUESE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
81
The Cleric of Nolls and Archives takes charge of the enrolled acts and reso
lutions of Congress, as they are received from the President ; prepares authen
ticated copies thereof; superintends their publication, and that of treaties ;
attends to their distribution, and that of all documents and publications in
regard to which this duty is assigned to the department ; writing and answer
ing all letters connected therewith ; and has charge of all Indian treaties,
and business relating thereto.
The Clerk of Authentications has charge of the seals of the United States
and of the department, and prepares and attaches certificates to papers pre
sented for authentication; receives and accounts for the fees; and records all
letters from the department, other than the diplomatic and consular,
The Clerk of Pardons and Passports prepares and records pardons and re
missions, and registers and files the papers on which they are founded, and
makes out and records passports.
CHIEF OFFICERS IN STATE DEPARTMENT.
Secretary of State
Assistant Secretary of Slate.
.WILLIAM H. SEWARD $8,000
.FREDERICK W. SEWARD 3,500
.WILLIAM HUNTER 3,500
.E. PESHINE SMITH 3,000
.R, S. CHILTON 2,500
.ROBERT S. CHEW 2,200
.GEORGE E. BAKER 2,000
.F. JEFFERSON 1,800
.H. D. J. PRATT 1,800
t; CHARLES W. DAVIS 1,800
Consular Clerk JASPER SMITH 1,800
" A. H. CLEMENTS 1,200
Passport Clerk A. TUNSTALL WELCH 1,800
Appointment Ckrk GEORGE BARTLE 1,800
Examiner of Claims
Commissioner of Immigration
Chief Clerk
Disbursing Clerk
Keeper of the Rolls
Diplomatic Clerk ,
INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.*
Ministers and other Diplomatic Agents of the United States in Foreign
Countries are paid by salaries, and the outfit is abolished. Secretaries of
Legation are authorized in each country where there is a Minister Plenipoten
tiary or Minister Resident. Assistant Secretaries are authorized at London
and Paris.
ENVOYS EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTERS PLENIPOTENTIARY.
NAME.
Whence Appointed.
Foreign Country.
Capital.
Date of
Appointment.
Salary.
Rcvercly Johnson
Maryland ....
New York....
Kentucky
N. Hampshire
New York....
Pennsylvania
Vermont
California
Ohio .
England. . . .
France
Russia .
London
Paris
St. Petersburg
Madrid
Berlin
Vienna
Florence
Pekin
Mexico
Rio dc Janeiro
Santiago
Lima
1868
1866
1803
1865
1867
1868
1861
1868
1868
1861
1865
1865
$17,500*
17.500'
12rOOO>
12,000'
12,000
12rOOO>
12,QOO<
12,000
12,000-
12,000
10,000
10,000
John A. Dix
Cassius M. Clay. . .
John P. Hale.
Spain
Prussia . .
Austria..
Italy
China .
George Bancroft
Henry M. Watts
George P. Marsh
J. Ross Browne
Wm. S. Rosecrans
Mexico
Jas. Watson Webb
Judson Kilpatrick.
Alvin P. Hovey '.'.'.'.'.'.'.
New York.. . . Brazil
New Jersey.. Chili
Indiana Peru
* Corrected at State Department, October, 1868.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
SECRETARIES OF LEGATION.
NAME.
Whence Appointed.
Foreign Country.
Capital.
Date of
Appointment.
Salary.
Benjamin Moran
Pennsylvania
England
London .
1804
$2,625
Wickham Hoffman.
Louisiana . . .
France
Paris
1865
2,025
Jeremiah Curtin
Wisconsin
Russia
St.Petersburg
1864
1,800
H J Perry
N Hampshire
Spain
Madrid ..
1801
1,800
Alexander Bliss
New York..
Prussia
Berlin
1807
1,800
John Hay . . .
H P Hay
Illinois
Tennessee
Austria
Italy .
Vienna
Florence
1807
1868
1,800
1.800
S Wells Williams
Mass
China
Pckin
1855
5,000
Edward L Plumb
New York..
Mexico. ..
Mexico
1806
1,800
Brazil
RiodcJaneiro
1.800
Chili
Santiago
1,500
H. M. Brent
Peru
Lima
iSG7
1,500
ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF LEGATION.
NAME.
Whence Appointed.
Foreign Country,
Capital.
Date of
Appointment.
Salary.
Edward C Johnson
Maryland
England.. . .
London
1868
$1,500
JohnW.Dix
New York
France
Paris
1807
1,500
MINISTERS RESIDENT.
NAME.
Whence Appointed.
Foreign Country.
Capital.
Date of
Appointment.
Salary.
George H. Ycaman
Jos J Bartlett
Kentucky
New York....
Kansas
Connecticut. .
Pennsylvania
Dist. Col
Colorado
Connecticut. .
Pennsylvania
New York.. . .
New York
New York
West Virginia
Iowa
Kentucky. ..
Michigan.. ..
Kentucky. ..
Indiana
Denmark
Sw'n&Nor'y.
Netherlands..
Belgium
Portugal
Switzerland. .
Hawaiian Isl .
Hayti
Copenhagen..
Stockholm ..
The Hague . .
Brussels . .
Lisbon
Berne
Honolulu
Por tau Prince
Consta'nople
Athens
Yedo.
Nicaragua
S?n Jose
Guatemala . . .
Comayagua . .
San Salvador.
Bogota
Caracas
Quito
Buenos Ayres
La Paz
1805
1807
1800
1801
1801
1805
1800
1808
1801
1808
1806
1803
1808
1800
1800
1800
1807
1867
isr,7
1868
1868
1806
1808
$7.500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7.500
7.500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
4,000
Hu^h Ewing
Henry S. Sanford
James E Harvey.
George Harrington
Edward M. McCook
Gideon H. Hollister
Edward Joy Morris
Turkey
Greece
Chas. K. Tuckerman
R Van Valkeiibnr<rh
Japan
Nicaragua
Costa Rica...
Guatemala . . .
Honduras ....
Salvador
New Granada
Venezuela . . .
Ecuador
Arg. Confed..
Bolivia
Paraguay
Liberia
Uraguay
Andrew B. Dickinson
J. B. Blair
Fitz Henry Warren
Richard II. Rousseau
Alpheus S. Williams
Peter J. Sullivan
Thomas N. Stillwell
il G Worthington
Nebraska . . .
Ohio
California
Ohio
John W. Caldwell
M S McMahon
Asuncion
Monrovia
John Seys
H. G. Worthington
Nebraska
CONSULAR OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES WITH THE PLACES OF THEIR
OFFICIAL RESIDENCE ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED.
All not marked thus (*) are at liberty to transact business; C. G., Consul General; V. C. G.,
Vice Consul General ; C., Consul ; V. C., Vice Consul ; C. A., Consular Agent ; Com. A., Com-
mercia^l Agent; V. C. A., Vice Commercial Agent; A. C. A., Agent of Commercial Agent.
Aberdeen, Scotland.. . .Alex. Brand, C. A.
*Acapulco, Mexico J. A. Sutlerch, Com. A.
Adelaide, Austria J. W. Smith, C. A.
Aden, East Indies Wm. H. Nichols, C. A.
Adra, Spain Ramon Medina, C. A.
Adrianople, Turkey.. . .T. E. Blunt, C. A.
Aguadilla, P. R Ed. Kopisch, C. A.
Aguas Calientes, Mex..M. Metcalf, C.
Aintab, Syria S. de Picciotto, C. A.
*Aix la Chapelle, Prus.W. H. Vesey, C.
" ... Chas. E. Dahmen, V. C.
Akyab, Bengal James Dickie, C. A.
Albany, Australia Henry K. Toll, C. A.
Aleppo, Syria J. de Piccioto, C. A.
1869.]
INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
83
Alexandretta, Syria — M. Lcvi, C. A.
*Alcxandria, Egypt. . . .C. Hale, C. G.
*Algiers, Africa E. L. Kingsbury, C.
Alicante, Spain W. L. Giro, C.
Almeria, Spain F. P. Roman, C. A.
Altona, Prussia W. Marsh, C.
" " John A. Seviers, V. C.
Amherstburg, Canada..Jos. Templetou, C. A.
Amoor River, Asia P. McD. Collins, Com.A.
" ....H. W. Killer, V.C. A.
*Amoy, China C. W. LeGendre, C.
" W. P. Jones, V. C.
* Amsterdam, Neth Chas. Mueller, C.
" ....A. Vinke, V. C.
Ancona, Italy C. Ribighini, C.
Annapolis, Nova Sco..W. R. Ruggles, C. A.
Antigua, W. I H. A. Arrindell, Com.A.
* Antwerp, Belgium John Wilson, C.
Apia, Navigator's Isl, .J. M. Coe, Com. A.
Archangel, Russia E. Brandt, C.
Areccibo, P. R F. Fernandez, C. A.
Arica, Peru John T. Lansing, C.
Arichat, Cape Breton. .J. G. McKean, C. A.
*Aspinwall, U.S.of Col.F. W. Rice, C.
" " u Tracy Robinson, V. C.
Asuncion, Paraguay.. .R. C. Yates, C.
Athens, Greece C.
Augsburg, Bavaria W. Colvin Brown, C.
" " Max Obermayer, V. C.
Aux Caves, Hayti J. DeLong, C.
Aveiro, Portugal H. L. Feurheerd, C. A.
Bahia, Brazil R. A. Edes, C.
Bamberg, Bavaria Paul J. Weber, C. A.
*Ban<rkok, Siam J. M. Hood, C.
" N. A. Macdonald, V. C.
Baracoa, Cuba P. E. Alayo, C. A.
Barbadoes Jos. G. Morton, C.
" D. C. DaCosta, V. C. .
*Barcelona, Spain J. A. Little. C.
" " Manuel Casajemas,V.C.
Venezuela. .H. Baiz, V. C.
Barmen, Prussia J. H. Albers, C. A.
Barrington, N. S G. Robertson, C. A.
*Basle, Switzerland.... A. L. Wolf, C.
Bassein, India. J. Henderson, C. A.
Basse Terra, Guadrpe.A. Lacoar, C. A.
Batavia, Java S. HIgginson, Jr., C.
Bathurst,WestC.ofAf..Thos. Brown, C.
David W.E.Brown,V.C.
Bay of Islands, N. Z.. .W. G. Wright, Com. A.
Bayonne, France Gersam Leon. C. A.
Beaumaris, Wales Robert R. Jones, C. A.
Bedeque, Prince Ed. Is.J. C. Pope, C. A.
*Beirut, Syria J. A. Johnson, C. G.
" " H. E.Thompson,V.C.G.
Belem, Portugal T. M. Besoney, C. A.
^Belfast, Ireland Thos. K. King, C.
" Hugh Creighton, V. C.
*Belize, Honduras Com. A.
A. C. Prindle, V. C. A.
Belleville, Canada J. W. Carman, C. A.
Bergen, Norway H. J. Lockwood, C.
Berlin, Prussia H. Krcismann, C.
Bermuda, W. I C. M. Allen, C.
Bermuda, W. I C. F. Allen, V. C.
Bilbao, Spain Lorenzo Dahl, C.
" Ed. Aznar, V. C.
Birmingham, England. Elihu Burritt, C. A.
Bissao, Africa C.
Black River, Jamaica. . J. W. Leyden, C. A.
Bogota, U. S. of Col. . .G. C. Crane, C.
Bombay, Bengal G. A. Kittredge, C.
Bonaire, W. I W. E. Boye, C. A.
*Bordeaux, France W. E. Gleeson, C.
....Victor Olgioti, V. C.
Bornholm, Denmark. . .T. H. Ronne, C. A.
*Boulogne, France J. de le Montagnie, C.
" Jos. Fontaine, V. C.
Bradford, England Geo. M. Towle, Com. A.
" " J. L. Raymond, V.C.A.
Brake, Oldenburg B. Muller, C. A.
Brantford, Canada G. C. Baker, C. A.
Brava, Verde Isl J. J. Nunes, C. A.
*Bremen, Germany — George S. Dodge, C.
Bremerhaven, Ger F. W. Specht, C. A.
Brest, France J. M. Kerros, C. A.
*Brindisi, Italy F. B. Huchting, C.
" Theo. Titi, V. C.
Brunn, Austria G. Schoeller, C. A.
Bristol, England Z. Eastman, C.
" G. Whitewell, V C.
Brunai, Borneo C.
" J. W. Hoes, V. C.
Brunswick, Germany.. W. W. Murphy, C.
..E. Breuil,V.C.
Brussels, Belgium C.
" Aaron Goodrich, V. C.
Bucharest, Turkey L. J. Czapkay, C.
Buenaventura, U. S. of
Col J. M. Eder. C.
*Buenos Ayres, Ar. Rp.M. E. Hollister, C.
Brixham, England E. Vittery, C. A.
Cacilhas, Portugal D. Affonco, C. A.
*Cadiz, Spain R. F. Farrell, C.
Cagliari, Italy E. Pernis, C. A.
Caipha, Syria J. Nasrallah, C. A.
Cairo, Egypt G. C. Taylor, C.
" Felix Walmass, V. C.
Calais. France J. P. Vendroux, C. A.
Calamar, IT. S. of Col.. J. D. Sanchez, C. A.
"•Calcutta, Bengal N. P. Jacobs, C. G.
" Chas. H. Bailey, V.C.G.
Caldera, Chili A. Seiwertz, C. A.
*Callao, Peru J. H. McColley, C.
Caminha, Portugal A. M. Rua, C. A.
Campeachy, Mexico ... C.
*Canea,Is.ofCrete,Tur.W. J. Stillman, C.
" E. A. Alexis, V. C.
*Canton, China Edward M. King, C.
Cape Charles and Cha
teau Bay, Labrador. .J. W. Dodge, C. A.
Cape Haytien, Hayti . . A Folsom, C.
Cape Town, C. of G. H. . Geo. Gerard, C.
Caracas, Ven E. C. Pruyn, Com. A.
84
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[18G9.
Cardenas, Cuba N. Cross, C. A.
Cardiff, Wales C. E. Burch, C.
Carlisle, England Ed. G. Castle, Com. A.
Carlsruhe, Baden G. F. Kettell, C.
Carrara, Italy F. Torry, C.
" C. Pollina, V. C.
Carthagena, Spain C. Molina, C.
U. S. of Col. .A. S. Hanabergh, C.
Caseumpec, Pr. Ed. Is. C. A.
Catania, Sicily A. Peratoner, C. A.
Cayenne, Guiana C.
Ceara, Brazil J. S. de Vasconcelles,
C. A.
Cecimbra, Portugal F. J. Lopez, C. A.
Cette, France L. S. Nahmens, C. A.
Ceylon, India G. W. Prescott, Com. A.
Chatham and Newcas
tle, N. B Robert R. Call, C. A.
Che Foo, China. . E. T. Sandford, C.
*Chemnitz, Saxony Henry B. Ryder, C.
Cherbourg, France E. Liais, C. A.
Chicoutimi, Canada — C. A.
Chihuahua, Mexico.... C. Moye, C.
" . . . . V. C.
*Chin Kiang, China. . . . J. L. Kicrnan, C.
'" Chas. J. Sands, V. C.
Chittagong, India W. Farlie, C. A.
Christiansand, u O. C. Reinhardt, C. A.
Cienfuegos, Cuba Chas. Fox, C. A.
Ciudad Bolivar, Ven. ..John Dalton, C.
V. C.
Civita Vecchia, Italy... G. Marsanick, C. A.
*Clifton, Canada W. Martin Jones, C.
" V.C.
*Coaticook, Canada. . . . C. H. Powers, C.
" " Thos. B. Trihey, V. C.
Cobija, Bolivia C. Milne, C.
Coburg, Canada E. S. Winans, C. A.
Cognac, France A. Matuspi, C. A.
Cologne, Prussia G. Holscher, C. A.
Colombo, Ceylon R. Dawson, V. C. A.
Comayagua and Tegu
cigalpa, Hon W. C. Burchard, C.
Concelho da Boncas,
Por A. F. A. Guimaraes.C. A.
•"Constantinople, Tur..J. H. Goodenow, C. G.
" " ...Jos. Garguilo,V. C. G
Copenhagen, Denm'k. . C.
" ..L. A. Hecksher, V. C.
Coquimbo, Chili C. C. Greene, C.
Corfu, Ionian Isles T. Woodley, C. A.
*Cork, Ireland E. G. Eastman. C.
Corunna, Spain A. G. Fuertes, C. A.
Cow Bay, Nova Sco. . . . C. Archibald, C. A.
Cowes, England T. Harling, C. A.
Crefeld, Prussia Julius Magnus, C. A.
Cronstadt, Russia A. Wilkins, C. A.
Crookhaven, Ireland... C. A.
Cumana, Venezuela W.S. Cunningham, C. A.
Curacoa, W. I James Faxon, C.
Curacoa, W. I W. V. E. Horan, V. C.
Cyprus, Turkey L. P. di Cesnola, C.
Damascus, Syria M. Meshaka, C. A.
Dantzig, Prussia P. Collas, C. A.
Dardanelles, Turkey... C. Calvert, C. A.
Dartmouth, England. ..R. Kingston, C. A.
*Demerara, Brit. Gui..P. Figyelmesy, C.
...A. Duff, V. C*
Denia, Spain J. Morand, C.
Dieppe, France J. Le Vert, C. A.
Digby, Nova Scotia. . . . J. C. Wade, C. A.
Dresden. Saxony W. S. Campbell. C.
Drontheim, Norway J. F. Finne, C. A.
Dublin, Ireland W. B. West, C.
"• " John Rainsford, V. C.
Dundalk " C. A.
*Dundee, Scotland J. Smith, C.
Canada J. McMillen, C. A.
Dunedin, N. Z II. Driver, C. A.
Dunkirk, France Henri Lematre, C. A,
Dunmore Town, Baha
ma Wm. II. Sears. C. A.
Dunville, Canada C. A.
Dusseldorf, Prussia Henry Louis, C. A.
East Harbor, Turk's Is.E. Jones, C. A.
*Elsinore, Denmark... G. P. Hansen, C.
Espinho, Portugal J. J. D' Almeida, C. A.
Falmouth, England A. Fox, C.
Falmouth, Jamaica R. Nunes, C. A.
Fano, Denmark J. K. Bork, C. A.
Faro, Portugal F. L. Javarez, C. A.
Fayal, Azores C. W. Dabney, C.
Figueira, Portugal C. Laidley, C. A.
Fiume, Austria L. Francovitch, C. A.
Florence, Italy T. B. Lawrence, C. G.
" J. C. Matteini, V. C. G.
Flores, Azores F. J. M. Henriqucs,C.A.
Fogo, Cape Verde Isl..J. C. Bubosa, C. A.
*Foo Chow, China Alfred Allen, C.
" " " Thomas Dunn, V. C.
Fort de France, Mart. .A. Nollct, C. A.
*Fort Erie, Canada F. N. Blake, C.
*FrankfortontheMain W. W. Murphy, C. G.
" " Chas. Graebe, V. C. G.
Fredericton, N. B S. Barker, C. A.
Frederickshaven, Den. P. C. Kail, C. A.
Frederickstadt, S. C. W. F. Moore, C. A.
Freeman tie, Australia. T. Pope, C. A.
Freelighsburg, Canada.G. M. Blodgett, C. A.
*Funchal, Madeira Chas. A. Leas, C.
Gaboon, Africa Aug. Perrot, Com. A.
" I. M. Preston, V. C. A.
Galatza, Moldavia A. Hartman, C.
" Emil Hartman, V. C.
GalJipoli, Italy C. Clauson, C. A.
Galway, Ireland W. B. West, C.
Gananoque E. E. Abbot. C. A.
Gaspe Basin, Canada. .H. Le Bontillier, C.
" V.C.
Geestemunde, Prus — W. Colvin Brown, C.
Gefle, Sweden R. Rettig, C. A.
*Geneva, Switzerland.. C. H. Upton, C.
*Genoa, Italy O. M. Spencer. C.
" Joseph Valeric, V. C.
18(50.]
INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
85
Georgetown, Pr. Ed. Is. A. A. McDonald, C. A.
Ghent, Belgium C.
" " D. Levison, V. C.
Gibara, Cuba E. R. Codrington, C. A.
*Gibraltar, Spain II. J. Sprague, C.
Girgenti, Italy L. Granet, C. A. .
"Glasgow, Scotland. . . .Win. L. Duff, C.
" Wm. Cook, V. C.
Gloucester, England. . .E. L. Kendall, C. A.
Gluckstadt, Denmark.. J. S. Schcnck, C. A.
"Goderich, Canada Thos. Allcock, C.
Gonaivcs, Hayti A. Hilchenbach, C. A.
Gottenburg, Sweden.. .F. K. Bazier, C.
Graciosa, Azores B. A. da C. S. Betten-
courtt, C. A.
Grand Bassa, Liberia.. L. F. Richardson, C. A.
Grand Caymans, Ja W. Eden, C. A.
Green Turtle Bay, W.I.Uriah Saunders, C. A.
Gaudaloupe, W. I II. Thionville, C.
Guauatanamo, Cuba. . .F. Badell, C. A.
Guatemala, Gua E. Uhl, C.
Guayama, P. R E. M. Verges. C. A.
Guayamilla, P. R C. A.
Guayaquil, Ecuador E. Lee, C.
Guaymas, Mexico A. Willard, C.
" J. P. Winegar, V. C.
Guernsey, G. Britain.. A. Carey, C. A.
Guysborough, N. S....C. II. Franchvillc, C. A.
Hakodadi, Japan E. E. Rice, C.
" " N. Emery Rice, V. C.
"Halifax, N. S M. M. Jackson, C.
" " N. Gunnison, V. C.
"Hamburg, Germany.. S. T. Williams, C.
....Jas. R. Macdonald,V.C.
Hamilton, Bermuda... .J. T. Darrell, C. A.
" Canada Daniel R. Boice, C.
"Hankow, China G. II. C. Salter, C.
Hammcrfest, Norway. . C. A.
Harbor Grace, N. F Charles Wills, C. A.
Harburg J. D. Westedt, C. A.
"Havana, Cuba Alvin Hawkins, C. G.
" u II.R.deLaReintree,V.C.G.
"Havre, France D wight Morris, C.
" J. Hunt, V. C.
Helsingfors, Finland.. .R. Frenckell, V. C.
Hemmingford, Canada. G. W. Burdick, C. A.
Hesse Cassel, Prussia.. W. W. Murphy, C.
Hesse Darmstadt " " C.
Hesse Hombourg. Prus. " u C.
Hilo, Hawaiian Isl C.
" J. Worth, V. C.
HobartTown, Tasm.. .D. McPherson, Jr., C.
Honfleur, France C. Wagner, C. A.
*IIon<r Kong China Isaac J. Allen, C.
"Honolulu, Hawaiian
Islands Z. S. Spalding, C.
Huddersfield. Eng Geo. P. Kebler, C. A.
Huelva, Spain M. Zafra, C. A.
Hull, England H. J. Atkinson, C. A.
Huntingdon, Canada... C. A.
Iloilo, Philippine Isl...W. B. Loring, C. A.
Inagua, Bahamas D. Sargent, C. A.
Isle de Re, France E. L. Roullet, C. A.
Ivica, (Island) Wm. Wallis, C. A.
Jacmel, Hayti Chas. Moravia, A. C. A.
Jaffa, Turkey ...... T.F.H.Svarenthal, C.A.
Jalapa, Mexico C. L. Kennedy, C. A.
Jeremie, Hayti J. Yigoureux, A. C. A.
Jersey Island T. Renouf, C. A.
"Jerusalem, Syria V. Beauboucher, C.
" L. M. Johnson, V. C.
"Kanagawa, Japan Julius Stahel, C.
"Kingston, Jamaica Aaron Gregg, C.
" J. N. Camp, V. C.
* " Canada S. B. Hance, C.
Kingstown, Ireland C.A.
*Kiu Kiang, China S. S. Gilbert, C.
Konigsburg, Prussia... J. II. Brockman, C. A.
Kurrachee, Sinde B. F. Farnham, C. A.
Lachine, Canada Wm. H. Calvert, C. A.
Lacolle, Canada C. A.
Lagos, Portugal J. M. Mascarenhas,C.A.
"Laguayra, Venezuela. C. II. Loehr, C.
Laguna, Mexico M. R. Carballo, V. C.
"Lahaina, Hawaiian Isl. E. Perkins, C.
" " E. P. Adams, V. C.
Lambayeque, Peru S. C. Montjoy, C.
Lanthala, Feejee Isl. . . J. M. Brower, Com. A.
Lanzarotte, Canary Isl.J. T. Topham, C. A.
La Paz, San Jose, and
Cape St. Lucas, Mex.Francis B. Elmer, C.
Do C.A. Parsons, V. C.
Las Palmas, Canary Isl.F. W. Manly, C. A.
La Tremblade, France.M. Robineau, C. A.
*La Rochellc, France.. Thos. P. Smith, C.
Latakia, Syria S. Vitali, C. A.
La Union, San Salvador. J. F. Flint, C.
Leca, Portugal J. da'C. T. Guimaraes,
C. A.
*Leeds, England C.
Clark Smith, V. C.
"Leghorn, Italy J. Hutchinson, C.
Leith, Scotland John S. Fiske, C.
" Jas. Galloway, V. C.
*Leipsic, Saxony M. J. Cramer, C.
" Thomas McGee, V. C.
Licata, Italy. L. Saito, C. A.
Liege, Belgium Arthur Genaert, C.
" V. C,
Limerick, Ireland M. R. Ryan, C. A.
Limoges. France C. A.
Lingan. N. S F. E. Leaver, C. A.
"Lisbon, Portugal C. A. Munro, C.
C.F.J. Hutchcns,V. C.
"Liverpool. England... T. H. Dudley, C.
" ....II. Wilding, V.C.
Llanelly, Wales R. Dunkin, C. A.
"London, England F. H. Morse. C.
Londonderry, Ireland.. A. Henderson, C.
L'Orient. France C. A.
Lota and Coroncl, Chili Jas. Silvey, C. A.
"Lyons. France P. J. Osterhaus. C.
Lubcc, Germany W. W. Murphy. C.
" " . . .Wm. Coleman, V. C.
86
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
Ludwigehafen, Baden.. S. Sederle, C. A.
Macao, China C.
" Henerich Ebell, V. C.
Maceio, Brazil J. Borstelmann, C. A.
Madras, Brit. India C. A
Maio, Cape Verde Isl. . J. H. Evora, C. A.
* Malaga, Spain A. M. Hancock, C.
" J. R. Geary, V. C.
*Malta, (Island) W. Winthrop, C.
*Manchestcr, England.il. G. Wells, C.
Manila, Philippine Isl.. J. B. Pierson, C.
J. Russell, V. C.
Manheim, Baden L. Stoll, C. A.
Manzanillo, Cuba M. R. Ecay, C. A.
" Mexico . . . J. H. Noteware, C.
Maracaibo, Venezuela. .E. Sturmfels, C.
Maranham, Brazil W. H. Evans, C.
Marsala, Italy R. L. Hervey, C. A.
*Marseilles, France.... M. F. Conway, C.
« " Fred. W. Archille, V. C.
Matamoras, Mexico.. ..J. White, C.
" ....L. Avery, V. C.
*Matanzas, Cuba H. C. Hall, C.
Maulmain, India W. Brooke, C. A.
Mayaguez, P. R J. C. Coxe, C. A.
Mazatlan, Mexico I. Sisson, Com. A.
Medellin, U. S. of Col.. Com. A.
Media, Tunisia J. Lombroso, C. A.
*Melbourne, Australia. Geo. R. Latham, C.
Memel, Prussia H. Fowler, C. A.
Men tone, France N. Viale, C. A.
Merida and Sisal, Mex..R. J. y Patrullo, C.
*Messina, Italy F. W. Behn, C.
Mexico, (City) John Black, V. C.
Mier, Mexico W. G. Jones, C. A.
Milan, Italy W. Clark, C. A.
Milford Haven. Wales. A. B. Harries. C. A.
Minatitlan, Mexico R. C. M. Hoyt, C.
Morales, " Com. A.
Monganui, N. Z C. W. Drury. C. A.
Monrovia, Africa John Seys, C. G. &M.R.
Montego Bay, Jamaica. G. L. Phillips, C. A.
Montevideo, Uruguay.. J. D. Long, C.
Monterey, Mexico. . . . . J. Ulrich, C.
•Montreal, Canada Wm. W. Avcrill, C. G.
" " Thos.F. Wilson, V.C.G.
Morlaix, France M. Alexandre, C. A.
Morpeth, Canada C. A.
*Moscow, Russia Eugene Schuyler, C.
" S. P. Young, V. C.
MosselBay,CapeTown E. Eager, C. A.
Mozambique, Africa.. .Caleb Cooke, C.
Mulhouse, France August Strohl. C. A.
*Munich, Bavaria Henry Toomy, C.
*Nagasaki, Japan W. P. Mangum, C.
u D. L. Moore, V. C.
Naguabo, *P. R W. Haddock, C. A.
Napanee. Canada West Hugh Ralston. C. A.
*Nantes, France Benjamin Gerrish, C.
" J. Dedichen, V. C.
* Naples, Italy Robert L. Matthews, C.
" Robert Rogers, V. C.
ISapoleon Vendee, Fr..J. W. McClure, C.
Nassau, Europe W. W. Murphy.
* " W.I T. Kirkpatrick. C.
*Newcastle, England.. J. II. McChesney, C.
. ..T. P. Orwin, V. C.
Newcastle, N.S. Wales. G. Mitchell, C. A.
New Chwang, China. . .F. P. Knight, C.
Newport, England J. N. Knapp, C. A.
*Nice, France A. O. Aldis, C.
" " Charles Luigi, V. C.
Ningpo, China E. C. Lord, C.
Nottingham, England. .F. G. Rawson, C. A.
Nuremburg, Bavaria. ..Benj. LeFevre, C.
Nuevitas, Cuba R. Gibbs, C. A.
*Odessa, Russia T. C. Smith, C.
Oldenburg, Germany.. H. W. Carstens, C.
Old Harbor, Ja Moses Bravo, C. A.
Old Hartlcpool, Eng. . .C. Nielson, C. A.
Olten, Switzerland H. Salathe, C. A.
Onioa&Truxillo,Hon. .C. R. Follin, C.
*Oporto, Portugal II. W. Diman, C.
M. R. Jones, V. C.
Oran, Africa Antonin Sarrat, C. A.
*Osacca & Iliogo, Jap . . T. S. Stewart, C.
Ostend, Belgium A. Van IseghemDuclos,C.
Otranto, Italy Wm. M. Mayo, C.
Ottawa, C. W P. H. Mehar, C. A.
Ovar, Portugal J. A. D1 Almeida, C. A.
Paco d'Arcos, Port. . . .F. F. Godinho, C. A.
Padang, Sumatra C.
A. Van Gils, V. C.
*Palermo, Italy L. Monti, C.
Palma, Canary Isl F. P. Laremuth, C. A.
" Majorica J. Fiol, C. A.
*Panama, U. S. of Col.T. K. Smith, C.
..J. Hough, V. C.
Para, Brazil J. B. Bond, C.
Paraiba, Brazil C. A.
Paramaribo, Dut. Gui. .H. Sawyer, C.
*Paris, France John G. Nicolay, C.
" " Franklin Olcott. V. C.
Parnahiba, Brazil E. Burnett, Com. A.
Paso del Norte, Mex. . . C.
" ...Wm. F. Hellen, V. C.
Pau, France G. de M. Clay, C. A.
Patras, Greece F. Fachiri, C. A.
Payta, Peru R. M. Columbus, C.
" I. L. Havens, V. C.
Pelotas, Brazil B. R. Cordeiro, C. A.
Penang, East Indies... C. A.
*Peruambuco, Brazil.. T. Adamson, Jr., C.
11 .. . . W. H. McGrath, V. C.
Peso de Regra, Port C. A.
Pesth, Hungary Adolf Klein, C. A.
*Pictou, N. S B. H. Norton, C.
Picton, Canada Robert Clapp, C. A.
Piedras Negras, Mex..W. Schuchardt, C. A.
Piraeus, Greece Matthew Meigs, C.
"• Jonas King, V. C.
Plymouth, England T. W. Fox, C.
*Ponce, P. R Peter Minvielle, C. A.
Porsgrund, Norway Carl J. Craby, C.
INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
87
Portsmouth, England. .Gco. Baker, C. A.
Porto Alegre, Brazil. . .F. J. Monteiro, C. A.
Port Baltic, Prussia C. Kalk, C. A.
Port Bruce, Canada C. A.
Port Bui-well, u .... C. A.
Port Colburne, " C. A.
Port Dover, " . . . . C. A.
Port Elizabeth, Africa. J. L. Flanders, C. A.
Port Hope, Canada Thos. P. Jones, C. A.
Port Louis, Mauritius.. Nicholas Pike, C.
..F. O. Robinson, V. C.
*Port Mahon, Minorca.II. B. Robinson, C.
Port Natal, Africa G. C. Cato, C. A.
Port au Prince, Hayti..H. Conard, V. C. A.
Port Orotava,Tencriffe C. A.
Port Rowan, Canada. . .Geo. C. Baker, C. A.
*Port Sariiia, " .. .A. W. Dugsran, C.
" ...A. Hendricks, V. C.
Port Stanley, " . . .Charles Morrill, C. A.
" Falkland Isl.G. M. Dean, V. Com. A.
Port St. Mary, Spain.. .E. Crusoe, C. A.
Port of Sidney, Cape
Breton J. P. Ward, C. A.
Porto Plata, Hayti F. J. Waldmayer, C. A.
Prague, Bohemia J. Yon Geitler, C. A.
*Prescott, Canada James Weklon, C.
*Prince Edward Isl E. P. Scammon, C.
Puerto Cabello, Ven.. .A. Lacombe, C.
Puerto Plata, St. Dom.W. Lithgow, V. C. A.
Pugwash, N. S H. G. Pineo, C. A.
Pnnta Arenas, Costa R.W. Dent, C. A.
" Nicaragua. B. S. Cotrell, Com. A.
*Quebec, Canada Charles Robinson, C.
Geo. H. Holt, V. C.
Queensland, Australia. J. E. Brown, C. A.
Quibdo, U. S. of Col.. .G. P.Gamba, C.
Ragged Islands C. A.
Ramleh, Syria H. Nunkos, C. A.
Rangoon, Burmah G. Bullock, C. A.
Ravenna, Italy John Reichard, C.
Redonda, W. I Ed. H. Man, V. Com. A.
Regca, Portugal F. daC. Guilherme,C.A.
Retimo, Isle of Crete.. G. Lariacki, C. A.
*Revel, Russia H. B. Stacy, C.
« ». W. Mayer, V. C.
Reims, France A. G. Gill, C.
Rhenish Bavaria G. F. Kettell, C.
Riga, Russia A. Schwartz, C.
Ringkjobing, Denmark A. C. Hustedt, C. A.
*Riode Janeiro, Brazil. J. Monroe, C.
H. E. Milford, V. C.
Rio Grande, Brazil A. Young, Jr., C.
RioIIacha,U.S.of Col..N. Danies, C.
M. Meyer, V. C.
Rio Negro, Arg. Con. . . C.
Ritzebuttel and Cux-
haven, Ger G. vonderMeden,C. A.
Rochefort, France A. G. Brellonin, C. A.
*Rome, Italy E. C. Cushman, C.
" " H. B. Brown, V. C.
Ronne, Denmark T. H. Ronne, C. A.
Roseau, Dominicia . .Victor Blanchard,Com.A.
Rosario, Arg. Con W.Wheelwright,Com.A.
*Rotterdam, NetherPs.Albert Rhodes, C.
" " A. A. Wambersie, V. C.
Rouen, France Louis Guebert, C. A.
Sabanilla, U. S. of Col.. E. P. Pellet, Com. A.
Sable d'Olonnes, Fran. C. A.
Sagua la Grande, Cuba.J. H. Horner, C. A.
Sal, Cape Verde Isl. . . . J. J. Vera Cruz, C. A.
Salt Cay, Turk's Isl.. . . W. H. Harrott, C. A.
Saltillo, Mexico J. II. Porter, C. A.
San Andres, Car. Sea. . .P.B.Livingston, V.C.A.
San Bias, Mexico D. Ferguson, Com. A.
San Jose, C. R Com. A.
San Jose do Nortc C. M. V. Araujo, C. A.
San Jose, Mexico E. Jallespie, C. A.
San Jose, Peru W. V. Fry, C. A.
San Jose de Gautemala.G. F. Willamsen, V. C.
San Juan, Remedios. . .1. Stone, V. C.
*San Juan del Norte,Nic.B. S. Cotrell, Com. A.
*San Juan del Stir, Nic.R. Mead, C.
" A. L. Tompkins, V. C.
*San Juan, P. R A. Jourdan, C.
" C. A. Hoard, V. C.
San Luis Potosi, Mex. . C.
" ..J. A. Piernas, V. C.
San Salvador E. A. Wright, C.
Santa Cruz, Cuba Chas. Hugar, C. A.
W. I E.H.Perkins, C.
" Robt. A. Finley, V. C.
Santa Martha, U. S. of
Col. F. D. Garcia, Com. A.
Santa Rosa, Mexico. . .Chas. Schurchard, C. A.
Santandcr, Spain Louis Gallo, C.
Santiago, C. Verde Is..Benj. Tripp, Jr., C.
*Santiago de Cuba E. F. Wallace, C.
" J. Badell, V. C.
Santos, Brazil C. F. de Vivaldi, C.
" E. L. Meade, V. C.
Savanna la Mar, Jamai. James Dongal, C. A.
Scheidam, Netherlands P. Prius, C. A.
Schwerin, Germany — Orrin J. Rose, C.
Scilly, (Island) T. J. Bruxton, C. A.
Scio, Turkey N. Pelrocochino, C.
Sedan, France C. A.
Seville, Spain J. Cunningham, C.
Setubal, Portugal C. F. O'Neil, C. A.
*Seychelles, Ind. O Dorrance Atwater, C.
*Shanghai, China G. F. Seward, C. G.
" W. P. Mangum, V. C. G.
Sheffield, England Geo. J. Abbot, C.
" " Chas. A. Branson,V.C.
Shelburne, N. S C. A.
Sidon, Syria S. Abela, C. A.
Sierra Leone, Africa.. .II. Rider, Com. A.
Simonstown, " ... Patrick D. Martin, C. A.
Sines, Portugal J. P. de M. Falcao, C.A.
*Singapore, India I. Stone, C.
" Wm. B. Smith, V. C.
*Smyrna, Turkey E. J. Smithers, C.
" J. Griffit, V. C.
Sonneberg, Germany.. S. Hirshbach, C.
Sonsonate, Sal I. Mathe, C. A.
88
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Sourabaya, Java C. von Oven, C. A.
Souris, Prince Ed. Isl..J. Night, C. A.
*Southampton, Eng....J. Britton, C.
Spezia, Italy W. T. Rice, C.
St. Ann's Bay, Ja M. Solomons, C. A.
St. Andrew, N. B Ed. Dorimer, C. A.
St. Bartholome\v,W.I..R. B. Dinzey, Com. A.
St. Catharine's, Canada D. C. Haynes, C. A.
" (Is.), Brazil.B. Lindsey, C.
St. Christopher, W. I. .E. S. Delisle, Com. A.
*St. Domingo, (City)...J. S. Smith, Com. A.
St. Etienne, France Geo. Bechtel, C. A.
St. Gallen, Switz Win. Auer, C. A.
St. George, N. B Geo. Baker, C. A.
*St. Helena, (Island)... Thos. Fitnam, Com. A.
St. Helen's, England... J. Hammill, C. A.
*St. John's, C. E L. P. Blodgctt, C.
*" N. F T. N. Molfoy, C.
" Chas. Wills, V. C.
N. B D. B. Warner, C.
St. Joao da Foz, Port . . S. J. Vasconcellos, C. A.
St. Malo, France C. A.
St. Manra, Greece A. Slamatopulo, C. A.
St. Marc, Hayti F.W. Clapp, V. Com. A.
St. Martin, W. I C. Rey, C.
St. Michael, Azores.... T. Hickling, C. A.
St. Nazaire, France J. Van Duym, C. A.
St.PauldeLoando,Afr.A. A. Silva, Com. A.
" F. A. Silva, V. C. A.
*St.Pierre, Martinique. C.
" H. David, V. C.
" Miquelon. . . J. P. Frecker, Com. A.
" ...W. F. McLaughlin, V.
C. A.
*St.Petersburg,Russia.Gco. Pomutz, C.
" " .J. Curtin, V. C.
St. Stephen, N. B G. M. Porter, C. A.
*St. Thomas, W. I T. T. Robeson, C.
" E. B. Simmons, V. C.
Africa D. L. Marsins, C.
" Ontario. . .Chas. Morrill, C. A.
St. Valery, France C. A.
St. Vincent, CapeV.Isl.Wm. E. Huges, C. A.
Stanstead, Canada C. A.
Stavanger, Norway T. Falk, C. A.
Stettin, Prussia L. R. Roeder, C.
" " A. E. Wendt, V. C.
Stockholm, Sweden ... C.
Strasbourg, France E. Robinson, C.
*Stuttgard,Wurtemb'g E. Klauprecht, C.
Sunderland, England.. II. Brown, C. A.
Sverabaya, Java Carl von Oven, C. A.
Swansea, Wales II. Morice, C. A.
*Swatow, China J. C. A. Wingate, C.
" " C. W. Bradley, V. C.
Swineninnde, Prussia. .A. Radman, C. A.
Sydney, N. S. Wales.. .II. II. Hall, Com. A.
" Cape Breton. .T. D. Archibald, C. A.
Syra, Greece E. Sapouzaki, C. A.
Syracuse, Sicily N. Stcllc, C. A.
Tabasco, Mexico F. M. Ncmcgyei, C.
Taganrog, Russia A. Sedemonte, C. A.
Tahiti, Society Isl Francis A. Perkins, C.
Talcahuano, Chili W. W. Randall, C.
" I. Silvey, V. C.
*Tamatave, Madag'car.J.P.Finkelmeir,Com.A.
*Tampico, Mexico F. Chase, C. G.
*Taugicr, Morocco J. II. McMath, C.
Taranto, Italy C.
Tarragona, Spain A. Muller, C. A.
Tarsus, Asia Minor. . . A. Debbas, C. A.
Tehuantepec, Mexico. .C. C. Finkier, C.
Teneriffe, Canary Isl.. .W. II. Dabney, C.
" " ...B. Foretell, V. C.
Terceira, Azores T. de Castro, C. A.
Tetuan, Africa J. S. Levy. Com. A.
This ted, Denmark J. Nyeborg, C. A.
TienTsin, China C.
*Toronto, Canada D. Thurston, C.
Toulon, France P. Andiffret, C. A.
Trapani, Sicily O. Turbino, C. A.
Trebisond, Tur. in A. . C.
*Trieste, Austria A. W. Thaycr, C.
*Trinidad de Cuba F. F. Cavada, C.
" A. Von Uslar, V. C.
Trinidad, (Island) R. P. Harmon, C.
" .E. II. Fitt, V. C.
"Tripoli, Africa W. Porter, C.
" Syria A. Yanuni, C. A.
Tromso, Norway C. A.
Truxillo, Honduras E. Prudot, C. A.
Tumaco, U. S. of Col..W. II. Wicr, C.
Tumbez, Peru E. R. Springman, C.
*Tunis, Africa G. H. Heap, C.
Tunstall, England T. Lewellyn, C. A.
Turbo, U. S. of Col C.
*Turk's Islands Oliver Mungen, C.
Tutuila, Navigator's Is. I. Schwinke, V. C. A.
Tyre, Syria Y. Akaad, C. A.
Valencia, Spain L. II. Coit, C.
* Valparaiso, Chili A. W. Clark, C.
" J. Silvey, V. C.
Velez Malaga, Spain. . . J. R. Geary, C. A.
Venice, Italy Francis Col ton, C.
" " L. G. Mead, Jr., V. C.
*Vera Cruz, Mexico.... E. H. Saulnier, C.
" A. S. Calderon, V. C.
Verviers, Belgium C.
Vianna, Portugal J. C. daSilvaLima,C.A.
Victoria, V. I A. Francis, C.
Viegue, W. I Lane Garben, C. A.
*Vienna, Austria P. S. Post, C.
" D. F. Koshammer, V. C.
Vigo, Spain M. Barcena, C.
Villa do Conde, Port.. .J. A. de Sousa, C. A.
Villa Novo, Portugal . .M. de Guedes, C. A.
Villa Real de San An
tonio M. G. Roldan, C. A.
Waterford, Ireland R. P. Williams, C. A.
WestCaicos, Turk's Is.S. Winter, C. A.
West Hartlepool, Eng..C. Nielson, C. A.
Weymouth, England. ..W. Roberts, C. A.
Wexford, Ireland J. W. Walsh, C. A.
Whampoa, China H. N. Blanchard, C. A.
INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
89
Windsor, N. S P. S. Burnham, C. A. Zanzibar, (Island) C.
* u Canada A. J. Stevens, C. " " Francis R. Webb, V. C.
Worcester, England. . .T. Southall, C. A. Zacatecas, Mexico G. M. Prevost, C.
Wybourg. Finland J. Sparrow, C. A. Zante, Ionian Isles A. S. York, C.
Wyk-on-Fohr, Den L. Heyraan, C. A. Zaza, Cuba D. B. Iznaga, C. A.
Yarmouth, N. S L. S. Balkam, C. A. *Zurich, Switzerland. .Charles A. Page, C.
The salaries of consular officers at Liverpool, London and Port Ati Prince, are $7,500 ; at
Havana, Havre, and Rio dc Janeiro. $0,000 ; at Calcutta and Paris, $5,000, and at Honolulu, Mel
bourne, Monrovia, Montreal, Shanghai and St. Thomas, $4,000. At other places, from $500 to
$3,500, or fees.
DIPLOMATIC CORPS.
Foreign Legations in the United States.
GREAT BRITAIN.
Edward Thornton, C. B., Envoy Extraordi
nary audMinister Plenipotentiary, Washington.
Esquire, Secretary of Le
gation. (Absent.)
Mr. Peere Williams Freeman, Esquire, Second
Secretary.
Mr. W. Fane, Second Secretary.
Henry Howard, Esquire, Attache.
FRANCE.
M. J. Berthemy, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington.
Comte de Turrene, Second Secretary.
Viscomte d'Aulers, Attache.
Chevalier Roger de La Laude, Attache.
M. P. Dejardin, Chancellier.
RUSSIA.
Mr. Edward de Stoeckl, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary.
Mr. Waldemar de Bodisco, First Secretary,
Charge d' Affaires.
Mr. Boris Danzas, Second Secretary.
Mr. Constantin de Bodisco. Attache.
NETHERLANDS.
M. A. Mazel, Minister Resident, Washing
ton.
SPAIN.
Sefior Don Facundo Goni, Envoy Extraordi
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washing
ton.
Sefior Don Luis de Potestad, First Secretary.
Sefior Don Enrique Valles, Second Secretary.
Don P. Diez de Rivera, Attache.
AUSTRIA.
Le Baron de Franchenstein, Charge d' Affaires
ad interim, Washington.
PRUSSIA.
Baron von Gerolt. Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington.
Count Lottom, Secretary of Legation.
P. W. Biiddocke, Acting Chancellor.
ITALY.
Chev. M. Cerruti, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington.
Mr. R. Cantagalli, Secretary of Legation.
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
Baron de Wetterstedt, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington.
DENMARK.
F. E. Billc, Charge d1 Affaires, Washington.
PORTUGAL.
Mr. Miguel Martius d'Autas, Envoy Extraor
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washing
ton.
Mr. Manoel Garcia da Roza, Charge d1 Affaires
ad interim.
BELGIUM.
Mr. Maurice Delfosse, Minister Resident,
Washington.
Secretary of Legation.
GUATEMALA AND SALVADOR.
Minister
Plenipotentiary.
Secretary of Legation.
NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS.
Don Ignacio Gomez, Minister Resident and
Envoy Extraordinary.
COSTA RICA.
Don Ezequiel Gutierrez, Charge d'Affaires,
Washington.
BRAZIL.
The Councillor Domingos Jose Gonsalves de
Mugalhaens, E. E. and M. P., New York.
Senhor Luiz Anguste de Padua Fleury, Charge
d'Affaires, New York.
Don Benjamin Franklin Torreao de Barros,
Attache of the 1st Class.
MEXICO.
Sefior Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington.
Secretary of Legation
and Charge d'Affaires, ad interim.
Sefior Cayetano Romero, Attache*.
CHILI.
Sefior Mariano Sanchez Fontecilla, Charge
d'Affaires. Washington.
Sefior Juan Eduardo Mackenna, Secretary of
Legation.
Sefior Carlos Walker Martinez, Attached
VENEZUELA.
Sefior Bias Bnmial. Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, New York,
Sefior Florencio Ribas. Secretary of Legation
and Charge d'Affaires ad interim. New York.
Commander Jose J. Roldan, first Attache.
Sefior Abraham J. Dorale, second Attached
UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA.
Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary. (Absent J
90
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
PERU.
Senor Don Jose Antonio Garcia y Garcia,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten
tiary, New York.
Mr. A. Benjamin Medina, First Secretary of
Legation.
Mr. Geo. B. Robinson, Attache.
LIBERIA.
Henry M. Schieffelin, Esquire, Charge d' Af
faires, New York.
William Coppinger, Secretary of Legation.
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
Charles Harris. Esquire, Envoy Extraordi
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary, New York.
HAYTI.
George Racster, Charge d' Affaires, and Con
sul General, New York.
George Lawrence, Jr., in the employ of the
Legation.
ARGENTINE.
Don Bartolome Mitre y Vedia, Secretary of
Legation and Charge cVAifaires, ad interim.
Don Alberto A. Halbach, Attache of the 1st
class.
Don Domingo E. de Sarratea, Attache.
GREECE.
Mr. A. R. Rangabe, Envoy Extraordinary.
(Absent.)
Cleon Rizo Rangabe, Secretary of Legation,
Washington.
TURKEY.
Blacque Bey, Envoy Extraordinary and Min
ister Plenipotentiary, Washington.
Mr. Xenophon Baltazzi, Secretary of Lega
tion.
LIST OF FOREIGN CONSULS IN THE UNITED STATES.
C. G., Consul General : V. C. G., Vice Consul General; C., Consul; V. C., Vice Consul; C.
A., Consular Agent; V. C. A., Vice Consular Agent.
ANHALT DESSAU, DUCHY OP
Chicago H. Claussenius, C.
Milwaukee Adolph Rosenthal, C.
New York Frederick Kuhne, C.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
Baltimore C. M. Stewart, C.
Boston D. D. Stackpole, C.
Charleston M. A. Pringle, C.
New York E. F. Davison, C.
Philadelphia N. Frazier, C.
Portland Andres Spring, C.
Savannah Carlos Heinsius, C.
AUSTRIA.
Baltimore F. D. Kremelberg, V. C.
Boston I. H. Gossler, V/C.
Galveston Julius Kaufman, V. C.
Mobile J. E. Dumont, V. C.
Milwaukee Moritz Baumbach, V. C.
New Orleans Adolphus Bader, C.
New York Charles Loosey, C.
" " Charles F. Loosey, C. G.
Norfolk Edward T. Hardy, V. C.
Philadelphia S. M. Wain, V. C.
Richmond Edward W. de Voss, V. C.
Savannah A. Low, V. C.
St. Louis Robert Earth, V. C.
BADEN.
Baltimore Werner Dresel, C.
Cincinnati C. F. Adae, C.
Louisville John Smidt, C.
Milwaukee L. von Baumbach, C.
" M. von Baumbach, V. C.
New Orleans Adolf Bader, C.
New York Leopold Schmidt, C. G.
" Leopold Schmidt, V. C.
Philadelphia C. F. Hagedorn, C.
San Francisco H. Haussmann, C.
St. Louis Roberth Earth, C.
BAVARIA.
Baltimore Werner Dresel, C.
Boston John Schumacher, C.
Chicago Charles Vergoe, C.
Cincinnati Charles A. G. Adare, C.
Louisville J. Smidt, C.
Milwaukee L. von Baumbach, C.
Milwaukee M. Von Banmbach, V. C.
New Orleans Adolph Bader, C.
New York G. H. Sienion, C.
Philadelphia C. F. Hagedorn, C. G.
San Francisco C. F. Mebius, C.
St. Louis Robert Earth, C.
BELGIUM.
Apalachicola W. G. Porter, V. C.
Atlanta Laurent DeGive, C.
Baltimore G. O. Gorter, C.
Boston J. G. Bates, C.
Cincinnati P. Schuster, C.
Charleston Moris Seligman, C.
Chicago J. F. Henrotin, C.
Galveston A. Heydecker, C.
Green Bay, Wis John B. A. Masse. C.
Louisville Ch. T. van der Espt, V. C.
Mobile H. V. H. Voorhees, C.
New Orleans J. A. Q,uintero, C.
" u Anguste Noblom, V. C.
New York H. W. T. Mali, C. G.
" H. W.Mali, C.
" Charles Mali, C.
Norfolk Duncan Robertson, C.
Philadelphia G. E. Saurmann. C.
Gustave E. Matile, V. C
Portland T. A. Deblois, C.
Richmond Emile O. Nolting, C.
Savannah W. O'Driscoll, C.
San Francisco Emlie Grisar, C.
St. Louis P. Hurck, C.
BRAZIL.
L. H. F. de Aguiar, C. G.
Baltimore C. Oliver O'Donnell, V. C.
Boston Archibald Foster, C.
Charleston Eugene Huchet, V. C.
New London C. Griffin, V. C.
New Orleans Andrew F. Elliott, V. C.
New York C. J. Ludmann, V. C.
Norfolk M. Myers, V. C.
Philadelphia E. S. Sayres, V C
Pensacola Wm. H. Judah, V. C.
Providence G. S. Wardwell, V. C.
Richmond H. K. Baldwin, V. C.
San Francisco A. N. Byfield, V. C.
Savannah Jas. W. McDonald, V. C.
" Edwin E. Hertz, V. C. A.
1869.]
INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
91
Washington A. T. Kicchoefer, V. C»
Wilmington Oscar G. Parsley, V. 0.
BREMEN.
Baltimore A. Schumacher, C. G.
Boston Johannes Schumacher, C.
Charleston Chas. E. Wunderlich, C.
Galveston Julius Kauffman, C.
Indianola, Texas H. A. H. Kunge, C.
Key West R. W. Welch, V. C.
New Orleans F. Rodewald, C.
New York Guntav Schwab, C.
Philadelphia Johann II. Harjes, C.
Edward W. de Voss, C.
San Francisco C. A. C. Duisenburg, C.
Savannah lleinrich Muller, C.
St. Louis J. Wolf, C.
BliUNSWICK AND LUNEBURG.
Cincinnati Carl Schmidt, C.
Chicago. F. A. Hoffmann, C.
Cleveland Adolph Rettberg. C.
Milwaukee Adolph Rosenthal, C.
New Orleans Joseph Lang, C.
New York G. J. Bechtel, C. G.
Philadelphia C. F. Ilagedorn, C.
St. Louis Robert Barth, C.
Herman Beckurts, C.
BOLIVIA.
New York Jose M. Muiioz, C.
Cuin.
Baltimore R. B. Fitzgerald, C.
Boston II. V. Ward, C.
Philadelphia F. V. Clceman, C.
San Francisco Enrique Barroilhet, C.
COSTA RICA.
Boston A. C. Garsia, C.
Key West E. J. Gomez, C.
Louisville, Ky Allan A. Burton, C.
New Orleans Jose A. Qnintero, C.
New York Royal Phelps, C. G.
" " Gustavo Theisen C.
Philadelphia S. M. Wain, C.
DENMARK.
Alexandria James Dempsey, V. C.
Baltimore Martin Lewis, V. C.
Bath, Me John E. Brown, V. C.
Boston E. 0. Hammer, V. C.
Chicago . . Emil Drier, V. C.
Cincinnati George H. Garlichs, V. C.
J. F. Meline, V. C.
Charleston Chas. E. Wunderlich, V.C.
Milwaukee C. F. J. Moiller, V. C.
Mobile Robert V. Searing, V. C.
New Orleans H. Frellsen, C.
New York Henry Brae'm, V. C.
" " Harold Dollner, C.
Norfolk George C. Reid C
Pensacola N. H. Holmes, V. C.
Philadelphia E. S. Sayres, V. C.
San Francisco G. O'Hara Taaffe, C.
Savannah C. M. Hoist. V. C.
St. Louis John E. Schuetz, V. C.
St. Paul Theodore Borup, V. C.
Washington J. C. Kondrup, V. C.
Wilmington Silas N. Martin, V. C.
DOMINICA.
New York Jose F. Dasora. C.
ECUADOR.
Boston Seth Bryant. C.
New Orleans James Gardette, C.
New York Gregorio Dominguez, C.
New York N. R. Ansado, V. C.
Philadelphia E. F. Sweetser, C.
San Francisco Daniel Wolffe C
C. Ballen. V. C.
Washington J. H. Causten, C.
FRANCE.
Baltimore Amedee Sauvan, V. C.
Boscon J. E. Sanchard, C.
Charleston, S. C Alex. B. de Bughas, C.
Chicago Edmund Carrey, Y. C.
Cincinnati Armand Peugnet, V. C.
Ravin d'Elpenx, V. C. A.
Galveston Chas. Fauconnet, V. C.
H. P. deSt. Cyr, V. C. A.
Key West Fernando Moreno, V. C.
Louisville J. J. Perrin, C. A.
Mobile A. de la Forest, C.
" Jules Phillippe, V. C. A.
" J. A. H. Poitevin, C. A.
Monterey J. Lombard, C. A.
New Orleans E. N. M. Godeaux, C.
Newport and Provi
dence F. Gourand, Y. C.
Newport J. M. Perrier, C. A.
New York Gauldree Boillcau, C. G.
Norfolk P. Schisano, V. C.
" Leon Schisano, C. A.
Philadelphia F. C. A. L. de la Forest, C.
Portland E. P. Le Prohon, C. A.
Richmond Jean Baptiste Sauvaii, C.
San Francisco Chas. F. de Cazotte, C.
Savannah Frederic Chastanet, C. A.
St. Louis H. Levasseur, V. C. A.
Wilmington, N. C. . .Jacob Loeb, C. A.
GREAT BRITAIN.
Baltimore H. T. A. Rainals, C.
Boston > Francis Lousada, C.
Buffalo H. W. Hemans, C.
Charleston Henry P. Walker, C.
Chicago JohnE. Wilkins, C.
Galveston Arthur T. Lynn, C.
Mobile F. J. Cridland, C.
New Orleans Dennis Donohoe. C.
New York E. M. Archibald, C.
Philadelphia Chas. E. K. Kortright, C.
Portland Henry J. Murray, C.
Richmond George Moore, C.
San Francisco Wm. L. Booker, C.
Savannah Win. T. Smith, C.
GREECE.
Boston J. M. Rodocanachi, C.
New Orleans Nicholas Benachi, C.
New York D. N. Botassis, C.
St. Louis C. P. Ralli, V. C.
GUATEMALA.
Boston P. Grant, C.
New Orleans E. J. Gomez, C.
New York Bartolome Blanco, C. G.
" '* Teodoro Manara, C.
Philadelphia S. M. Wain, C.
San Francisco Guillermo Rabe, C.
HAMBURG.
Baltimore A. Schumacher, C. G.
F. Rodewald, C.
Boston J. H. Gossler, C.
" C. Knorre. V. C.
Charleston Charles Witte, C.
Cincinnati J. F. Meline. C.
Galveston J. W. Jockusch, C.
Indianola. Texas H. Rnn<re. C.
Key West R. W. Welch. V. C.
Mobile H. A. Schroeder, C.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[18G9.
New Orleans Charles Kock, C.
New York H. R. Kunhardt, C.
Philadelphia August Cohen, C.
Richmond H. Ludlam, C.
San Francisco Gustav Ziel, C.
Savannah F. Schuster, C.
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
Boston Henry A. Pcirce, C.
New York Samuel W. F. Odcll, C. G.
San Francisco II. W. Severance, C.
HAYTI.
Bangor, Me Albert Emerson, C.
Boston B. C. Clark, C.
New York Louis A. de P. Ferrandi,C.
u " Ellwood Cooper, C. A.
Washington George Raster, C. G.
HESSE
Baltimore
Chicago
Cincinnati
Galveston
Louisville
Milwaukee . . .
New Orleans
New York
Philadelphia
Pittsburg
San Francisco
St. Louis...
DARMSTADT.
.Werner Dresel, C.
.August Beck, C.
.C. F. Adae, C.
.J. W. lockusch, V. C.
.John Smidt, C.
. L. von Baumbach, C.
.M. von Baumbach, V. C.
August Reicharcl, C.
.F. W. Keutgeu, C.
.C. F. Hagedorn, C. G.
.Heinrich Moser, C.
.Gustav Ziel, C.
.Roberth Earth, C.
HONDURAS.
California ........... William V. Wells, C. G.
New York ........... Simon Camacho, C.
ITALY.
Baltimore ........... C. A. Williamson, V. C.
Boston
Nicholas Reggio, V. C.
Gustavo M. Finotti, C. A.
Charleston .......... E. L. Trenholm. V. C.
Chicago ............. Giovana Luigi Cella, C. A.
" ............. Augusto Freden, C. A.
Galveston ........... C,arlo F. Jenni, V. C.
Key West ........... William Pinkney, V. C.
Louisville ........... Nicola Nicholas, V. C.
Memphis ............ G. A. Signaigo, V. C.
Mobile .............. Georgio Aite, V. C.
New Orleans ........ F. Sanminiatelli, V. C.
New York ........... Ferdinando de Luca, C.G.
" " ........... G. L. Avezzana, V. C.
Norfolk ............. Duncan Robertson, C.
Philadelphia ........ Alonzo Viti. V. C.
Richmond ........... Daniel von Groning, V. C.
San Francisco ....... G. B. Cerruti, C.
St. Louis ............ L. A. J. B. Paris, V. C.
" " ............ David Tandy, C. A.
Vicksburg ........... Natale Piazza, V. C.
JAPAN.
San Francisco ....... Charles W. Brooks, C.
LIBERIA.
New York ........... John B. Pinney, C. G.
LIPPE, PRINCIPALITY OF.
New York ........... Friedrich Kuhne, C.
LUBECK.
Baltimore ........... H. von Kapff, C.
Boston .............. H. C. Lauterback, C.
Charleston .......... J. L. II. Thiermanu, C.
Cincinnati George II. Garlichs, C.
Galveston D. H. Klaener, C.
New Orleans F. Kirchoff, C.
E. F. Stockmeyer, V. C.
New York Gco. C. Yoss C
Philadelphia I. II. Harjcv, C.
San Francisco C. F. Meb'uis, C.
MECKLENBURG SCHWERIN.
Boston Goorrre Papendiek, C.
Chicago II. Ciaussenius, C.
Cincinnati C. F. Aduc, C.
Ualveston II. Schultz, C.
Milwaukee L. von Baumbach. C.
M. von Baumbach. V. C.
New York Friedrich Kuhne, C. G.
New Orleans August Richard, C.
Philadelphia F. II. Ilarjes, C.
San Francisco J. de Fremery, C.
St. .Louis Robert Earth, C.
MECKLENBURG STRELITZ.
Cincinnati Carl F. Adac. C.
New York Friedrich Kuhne, C.
MEXICAN REPUBLIC.
Baltimore J. A. Pizarro, Y. C.
Boston J. E. F. Fallen, V. C.
Brownsville, Texas . J. I. Castillo, C.
.C. M. Trevifio, V. C.
Charleston F. Montaner, V. C.
Franklin, Texas Ricarclo Ramires, V. C.
Galveston C. F. Gonzalez, V. C.
Mobile C. L. Le Baron, V. C.
New Orleans Francisco Riband, C. G.
•' Ramon S. Diaz, C.
New York Juan N. Navarro. C. G.
" R. deRaiael, C. '
" " B. A. y Cuevas, V. C.
Pensacola F. Moreno, V. C.
Philadelphia F. Merino, V. C.
Pittsburg J. Herbert, V. C.
San Francisco Jose A. Godoy, C.
W. E. Barren, V. C.
San Antonio de
Bexar Miguel Zaragoza. C.
Santa Fe M. Armendair, C.
St. Louis P. J. Marallano, V. C.
MONACA, PRINCIPALITY OF.
New York Louis Borg, C.
NETHERLANDS.
Baltimore Claas Yocke, C.
Boston G. Lootz, C.
Charleston Chas E. Wunderlich, C.
Cincinnati G. H. Garlichs, C.
Keokuk. Iowa Nicholaus Anslyn, V. C.
Key West O. O. Hara, V. C.
Mobile J. I. Van Wanroy, C.
New Orleans Amedee Conturie. C.
New York Rudolph C. Burlage. C. G.
" " J.E. Zimmerman, V. C.G.
Norfolk M. Myers, C.
Philadelphia L. Westergaard, C.
San Francisco J. de Fremery, C.
Savannah Carl Epping, V. C.
St. Louis B. B. Haasrsma. C.
Washington Alfred Schuckihg, V. C.
Wis., Mich., Minn. . . J. F. V. Dorselin, C.
NICARAGUA.
Baltimore O. O'Donnell. C.
New Orleans E. G. Gomez, C.
New York Juan J. Barril, C. G.
San Francisco Jose A. Godoy, C.
1869.]'
INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
93
OLDENBURG.
Baltimore Charles Bulling, C.
Boston H. O. S. Cuntz, C.
Charleston C. E. Wunderlich, C.
Cincinnati C. F. Adae, C.
Galveston J. Friedrich, C.
Key West R. W. Welch, V. C.
Louisville Theodore Schwartz, C.
Milwaukee L. von Baumbach, C.
Milwaukee M. von Baumbach, V. C.
New Orleans Ferdinand Motz, C.
New York J. W. Schmidt, C. G.
Philadelphia ....... .C. F. Hagedorn, C.
San Francisco II. Hanssmann, C.
Savannah '. Heinrich Muller, C.
St. Louis Robert Earth, C.
ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY.
Baltimore Prudencio Murguionda, C.
Boston Charles Soule, Jr., V. C.
Charleston G. L. Lowden, V. C.
Galveston F. A. Stokes, V. C.
Mobile C. J. Mansony, V. C.
New Orleans A. F. Vails, V. C.
New York Carlos E. Leland, C.
Philadelphia B. W. Frazicr, V. C.
San Francisco T. P. Hamilton, C.
Edwin C. B. Garsia, C. G.
PARAGUAY.
New York Richard Mullowney, C.
PERU.
Baltimore R. B. Fitzgerald, C.
Boston G. B. Newberry, C.
Charleston Adolphe A. Cay, C.
New York Jose Carlos Tracy, C.
" " Arnaldo Marquez, C. G.
Philadelphia F. de P. Suarez, C.
San Francisco Matero Ramirez, C.
"• " Enrique Barroilhet, V. C.
PORTUGAL.
Baltimore Robert Lehr, V. C.
Bangor, Me Thos. J. Stewart, V. C.
Boston Archibald Foster, V. C.
Charleston Pierre J. Esnard, V. C.
Mobile C. Le Baron, V. C.
New Bedford, Mass.. George Hussey, Jr., V. C.
New Orleans Antonio J. da Silva, V. C.
New York Ludwig E. Amsinck, V. C.
New London, Ct . . . . Wm. W. Harris, V. C.
Norfolk Nathaniel Burruss, V. C.
Pensacola Jule Pascay, V. C.
Philadelphia E. S. Sayres, V. C.
San Francisco John Searle, C.
Savannah Joaquin de Palma, V. C.
Springfield, 111 Jose M. Bernes, V. C.
St. Augustine Wm. H. Allen, V. C.
Wilmington Wm. L. de Rosset, V. C.
A. M. da C. S. Maior, C. G.
PRUSSIA.
Baltimore ,
Boston. . .
Charleston . . .
Chicago
Cincinnati. . . .
Galveston
Key West....
Louisville
Milwaukee. ..
New Orleans.
New Bedford.
Werner Dressel, C.
, I. H. Gossler, Jr.. C.
F. A. Hersch, V. C.
W. H. Trappmann, C.
H. Claussenius, C.
C. F. Adae, C.
...J. W. Jockusch, C.
R. W. Welch, V. C.
J. von Borries, C.
Adolph Rosenthal, C.
Jean Kruttschnitt, C.
Geo. Hussey, V. C.
New York Guido von Grabow, C. G.
" E. von der Hevdt, C.
Philadelphia Carl Vezin, C.
Richmond F. W. Hanewinckel, C.
San Francisco H. Hanssmann, C.
Savannah F. Chustcr, C.
St. Louis Robert Barth, C.
St. Paul, Minn Ferdinand Willius, C.
REUSS, ELDER LINE.
New York Friedrich Kuhne, C.
REUSS
Baltimore
Milwaukee
New York . .
, YOUNGER LINE.
. ..Guido Fuchs, C.
. . .Adolph Rosenthal. C.
. . .Friedrich Kuhue, C.
ROME OR
Baltimore
Boston
Charleston
Cincinnati
New Orleans
New York
Norfolk
Philadelphia ....
Savannah
PONTIFICAL STATES.
...J. P. Scott, Y. C.
...N. Reirgio, V. C.
. . .Edward Mottet, V. C.
...J. F. Melinc, V. C.
...Alexis Robert, C.
...H. Perrot, V.C.
...L. B. Binsse, C.G.
...W. D. Scnac, V.C.
...Geo. Allen, V.C.
...S.Wright, V.C.
RUSSIA.
Baltimore Augustus Kohler, V. C.
Boston R. B. Storer, V. C.
Charleston J. Leland, V. C.
Galveston Ferdinand Wolff, V. C.
Mobile A. I. Kleinbach, V. C.
New Archangel Capt. Kashull, C.
Sitka Prince Maksioutoff, C.
New Orleans Edward Johns, C.
;t " Johann F. Schroder, V. C.
New York Charles von der Osten
Sacken, C. G.
" " Robert Schultze, V. C.
Philadelphia Henry Preaut, V. C.
San Francisco M. Klinkowstroem, V. C.
Savannah J. R. Wilder, V. C.
SALVADOR.
Juan T. Schepeler, C. G.
New York Jose J. Ribon, C.
San Francisco R. W. Heath, C.
SAXE ALTENBURG.
Chicago H. Claussenius, C.
Cincinnati C. F. Adae, C.
Milwaukee M. von Baumbach, C.
New York Friedrich Kuhne, V. C.
" Carl E. L. Hiurichs, C.
St. Louis Robert Barth, C.
SAXE COBURG AND GOTHA.
Chicago F. A. Hoffmann, C.
Cincinnati Charles Schmidt, C.
La Crosse, Wis Adelbert Moeller, C.
New York C. E. L. Hinrichs, C.
" " Friedrich Kuhne, C.
Philadelphia C. F. Hagedorn, C.
San Francisco Herman Michels, C.
St. Louis Robert Barth, C.
SAXE MEININGEN.
Chicago ... . . . F. A. Hoffmann, C.
Cincinnati C. F. Adae, C.
Milwaukee M. von Baumbach, C.
New York Friedrich Kuhne, C.
San Francisco Herman Michels, C.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
SAXONY.
Baltimore Werner Dresel, C.
Boston Charles J. Cazinove, V. C.
Chicago 11. Claussenius, C.
Cincinnati C. F. Adae, C.
Galveston Julius Kauffman, C.
Louisville, Ky Theodor Schwartz, C.
Milwaukee M. von Baumbnch, C.
New Orleans Chas. II. Pandorf. C.
New York Johann W. Schmidt, C. G.
" " Leopold Schmidt, C.
Philadelphia H. T. Plate, C.
San Francisco Herman Michels, C.
St. Louis Robert Barth, C.
SAXE WEIMAR.
Chicago F. A. Hoffmann, C.
Cincinnati G. H. Garlichs, C.
Dist. of Columbia.. .C. F. Ilagcdorn, C.
Milwaukee M. yon Baumbach, C.
Mobile Julius Sampson, C.
New York Friedrich Kuhnc, C. G.
San Francisco Herman Michels, C.
St. Louis Robert Barth, C.
SCIIAUMBERG LlPPE.
Chicago Godfrey Snydacker, C.
Cincinnati C. F. Adae, C.
Philadelphia Carl Messing, C.
SCHWARZBURG RUDOLSTADT.
Chicago II. Claussenius, C.
Milwaukee Adolph Rosen thai, C.
New York Friedrich Kuhne, C.
SCHWARZBURG SONDERSHAUSEN.
Chicago H. Claussenius, C.
Milwaukee Adolph Roscnthal, C.
New York Friedrich Kuhne, C.
SPAIN.
Baltimore J. A. Pizarro, V. C.
Bangor E. T. Fox, C.
Boston A. G. Vega, C.
" Frederico Granados, V. C.
Charleston A. Vinyals, C.
Galveston Augustin Roderignez, C.
" Benj. Theron, V. C.
Key West Vinccnte Cubell, C.
Machias, Me Ignatius Sargent, V. C.
Mobile Ramon Orbeta, C.
New Orleans Iscdoro Millas, C.
" " Don J.dc A.Sanmartin,
V. C.
New York J. M. de. Satrustegui, C.
" " F. de Carpiy Cabrera, V. C.
Norfolk D. Robertson, V. C.
Pensacola C. L. le Barron, V. C.
Philadelphia Don Pablo Chacon, C. G.
Jose A. de Lavalle, C.
Portland, Me Antonio M. de Zea, C.
Portsmouth, N. II. . .R. O. Treadwell, V. C.
San Francisco Camilo Martin, V. C.
Savannah Luis Cassaval, V. C.
St. Louis Robert II. Belts, V. C.
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
Alexandria James Dempsey, V. C.
Austin. Texas S. Palm. V. C.
Baltimore Martin Lewis. V. C.
Boston Gjert Lootz, V. C.
Charleston C. O. Witte, V. C.
Chicago P. L. Hawkinson, V. C.
Cincinnati G. H. Garlichs, V. C.
Decorah, Iowa G. T. Lommen, V. C.
Key West J. F. Packer, V. C.
La Crosse, Wis.. . . . .C. O. Nilson, V. C.
Madison, Wis K. Y. Fleischer, V. C.
Mobile R. Westfeldt, V. C.
New Orleans S. M. Svenson V C
Win. M. Perkins, V. C.
New York C. E. Habieht, C.
" Chas. G. Youngberg. V. C.
Norfolk C. Schwarzkoph, V. C.
Pensacola C. F. Boysen, V. C.
Philadelphia E. S. Sayres, V. C.
San Francisco G. C. Johnson. C. G.
G. O'Hara Taaffe, V. C.
Savannah C. M. Hoist, V. C.
St. Louis John E. Schuctze, V. C.
St. Paul, Minn Theodore Borup, V. C.
Virginia D. Robertson, V. C.
SWITZERLAND.
Charleston Henri Meyer, C.
Chicago Henri Endcris, C.
Louis Boerlin, V. C.
Cincinnati Jacques Rictschy, C.
Galveston Henri Rosenberg, V. C.
Highland, 111 Constant Rilliet, C.
New Orleans A. Piaget, C.
New York L. P. de Luze, C.
" u Adrien Iselin. C.
Philadelphia R. Korradi, C.
P. J. Wildberger, V. C.
San Francisco Francois Bcrtbn, C.
" Alexis de Stouts, V. C.
St. Louis C. F. Muthey, C.
" David C. Jaccard, V. C.
Washington John Ilitz, C. G.
TURKEY.
Boston J. Jasigi, C.
New York J. Hosibrd Smith, C.
" C. Oscanyan, C. G.
Washington and
Baltimore George A. Porter, C.
UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA.
Baltimore
New Orleans . .
New York. . .
Philadelphia . .
Sari Francisco.
Baltimore
Boston
New Orleans. .
New York. . . .
Philadelphia . .
Ann Arbor
Baltimore
Cincinnati
Galveston
Louisville
Milwaukee....
New Orleans. .
New York
Philadelphia . .
San Francisco .
St. Louis
R. A. Fisher, C.
J. E. Beylle, C.
JuanB. Abello, C. G.
S. DeWitt Bloodgood, C.
J. G. Ribon, V. C.
J. M. R. de Porras, C.
Francisco Ilcrrera, C.
VENEZUELA.
J. H. Strohm, C.
S. G. Whitney, C.
G. B. Dieter, C.
Florencio Ribas, C.
Leon de la Cova, C.
W^URTEMBERG.
A. Widenmann, C.
Werner Dresel. C.
CarlF. Aclac, C.
F. A. Sauters, C.
John Smidt, C.
L. Von Baumbach. C.
Friederich Klumpp, C.
Leopold Bierwirth. C. G.
Wm. L. Kiderlin, C.
Isaac Warmser, C.
Robert Barth, C.
1869.] TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 95
TREASURY DEPARTMENT.
Secretary's Office. The Secretary of the Treasury is charged with the gen
eral supervision of the fiscal transactions of the government, and the execu
tion of the laws concerning commerce and navigation ; the survey of the
coast ; the light-house establishment ; the marine hospitals of the United
States, and the construction of certain public buildings for custom-house and
other purposes.
The First Comptroller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering ac
counts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well as the public lands, and
revises and certifies the balances arising thereon.
The Second Comptroller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the
accounts of the army, navy, and Indian departments of the public service,
and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon.
The Commissioner of the Customs prescribes the mode of keeping and ren
dering the account of the customs, revenue, and disbursement, and for the
building and repairing custom-houses, etc., and revises and certifies the bal
ances arising thereon.
The First Auditor receives and adjusts the accounts of the customs, revenue
and disbursements, appropriations, and expenditures on account of the civil
list, and under private acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Com
missioner of the Customs and the First Comptroller respectively for their
decision thereon.
The Second Auditor receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the pay,
clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as the armories, arsenals and
ordnance, and all accounts relating to the Indian department, and reports the
balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon.
The Third Auditor receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence of the
army, fortifications, military academy, military roads, and the quarter-master's
department, pensions, and claims arising from military services previous to
1816, and for horses, and other property lost in the military service, and reports
the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon.
The Fourth Auditor adjusts all accounts for the service of the Navy De
partment, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision
thereon.
The Fifth Auditor adjusts all accounts for diplomatic and similar services
performed under the direction of the State Department, and reports the bal
ances to the First Comptroller for his decision thereon.
The Sixth Auditor adjusts all accounts arising from the service of the Post
Office Department. His decisions are final, unless an appeal is taken within
twelve months to the First Comptroller. He superintends the collection of all
debts due the Post Office Department, and all penalties imposed on post
masters and mail contractors for failing to do their duty. He directs suits
and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and takes legal measures to enforce
the prompt payment of money due to the department ; instructing attorneys,
marshals, and clerks relative thereto ; and receives returns from each term
96 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
of the United States Courts of the condition and progress of such suits and
legal proceedings ; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the
United States in payment of debts due to the Post Office Department, and
has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United
States.
The Treasurer receives and keeps the moneys of the United States in his
own office, and that of the depositories, and pays out the same upon warrants
drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comp
troller, and upon warrants drawn by the Postmaster-General, and counter
signed by the Sixth Auditor, and recorded by the Register. He also holds
public moneys advanced by warrant to disbursing officers, and pays out the
same upon their checks.
The Register keeps the accounts of public receipts and expenditures ; re
ceives the returns, and makes out the official statement of commerce and
navigation of the United States ; and receives from the First Comptroller and
Commissioner of Customs all accounts and vouchers decided by them, and is
charged by law with their safe-keeping.
The Solicitor superintends all civil suits commenced by the United States,
(except those arising in the Post Office Department,} and instructs the United
States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating to them, and
their results. He receives returns from each term of the United States Courts,
showing the progress and condition of such suits ; has charge of all lands
and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts, (except
tJwse assigned in payment of debts due to the Post Office Department^) and has
power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States.
The Light-House Board. The Secretary of the Treasury is ex officio, presi
dent of this board. It directs the building and repairing of light-houses,
light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts for supplies of oil, etc.
United States Coast Survey. The coast survey officer is charged with the
superintendence of the survey of the coast of the United States, and its super
intendent is the superintendent of weights and measures.
The Comptroller of the Currency has charge of every thing connected with
the issuing of money.
The Commissioner of Internal Revenue has charge of all matters connected
with the Tax Laws.
The Supervising Architect has charge of the construction of public buildings.
The Special Commissioner of Revenue is required by law to investigate the
sources of national revenue, the best methods of collecting revenue, the ad
ministration of existing revenue laws, and the relation of foreign trade, to
domestic industry.
CHIEF OFFICERS IN TREASURY DEPARTMENT.*
Secretary of the Trecmiry HUGH MCCULLOCH $8,000
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury JOHN F. HARTLEY 3,500
Chief Clerk WILLIAM H. WEST 2,200
Special Commissioner of Revenue DAVID A. WELLS 4,000
* Corrected at Treasury Department, Oct. 1868.
COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS.
97
Supervising Architect A. B. MULLETT $3,000
Assistant Architect B. OERTLEY 2,000
Director of Bureau of Statistics ALEXANDER DELMAR (a) 3,500
Chief Clerk DEWILTON HAINES 2,000
First Comptroller II. W. TAYLOR 3,000
Chief Clerk W. H. JONES 2,000
First Auditor T. L. SMITH 3,000
Chief Clerk DAVID W. MAHON 2,000
Second Auditor E. B. FRENCH 3,000
Chief Clerk F. ANDREWS 2,000
Third Auditor JOHN WILSON 3,000
Chief Clerk A. M. GANGEWER 2,000
Fourth Auditor S. J. W. TABOR 3,000
Chief Clerk WILLIAM B. MOORE 2,000
Fifth Auditor C. M. WALKER 3,000
Chief Clerk T. M. SMITH 2,000
Sixth Auditor II. J. ANDERSON 3,000
Chief Clerk J. M. MCGREW 2,000
Treasurer of the United Slates FRANCIS E. SPINNER 5,000
Asst. Treasurer of the United States L. R. TUTTLE 2,500
Register of tJie Treasury •. N. L. JEFFRIES 3,000
Assistant Register of tJie Treasury J. A. GRAHAM. 2,000
Chief Clerk B. F. RITTENHOUSE 2,000
Comptroller of the Currency H. R. HULBURD 5,000
Deputy Comptroller. JOHN JAY KNOX 2,500
Chief First Division S. M. CLARK
Commissioner Internal Revenue EDWARD 'A. ROLLINS 4.000
Deputy Commissioner Internal Revenue . . . THOMAS HARLAND 2,500
" '• ...GEORGE PARNELL 2,506
" " ...J. E. RISLEY 2,500
Solicitor of the Treasury EDWARD JORDAN 3,500
Assistant Solicitor of the Treasury H. A. RISLEY 3,000
Chief Clerk B. F. PLEASANTS 2,000
Commissioner of Customs NATHAN SARGENT 3,000
Chief Clerk THOMAS FERAN 2,000
Appointment Clerk C. EATON CREECY 1,800
COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS AT THE DIFFERENT PORTS.
ALABAMA. Pensacola Beni. D. Wright
,, ,., AiKoH- "Fimnrp St. Augustine. .. Andrew J. GOBS
JIl?hlle F T Mnr "an* St. John's Paran Moody. . .
Selma A^A.K? St. Mark's Thos. A. Stayner
Sitka ™ram KetdlUm' Jr Brunswick M°B° HoHand. . .
CALIFORNIA. Savannah James Johnson
San Francisco. . . J. F. Miller $6,400 St. Mary's John J. Godfrey
CONNECTICUT. INDIANA.
Fairfield John Brooks 1.830 Evansville Isaac Cassclberry* $950
Middletown Origen Utley 1,515 Michigan City. . .Thomas Jerncgan*
New Haven Jas. F. Babcock 3,000 New Albany Jacob Anthony*
New London Edward Prentiss 3,057
Stonington George Hubbard 650 ILLINOIS.
Alton . . James Newman* 300
DELAWARE. Oairo Daniel Arter 800
Wilmington T. F. Crawford 3,500 Chicago Walter B. Scates 2,730
Galena Daniel Wann* 49S
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Peoria Robert L. Farr* 350
Georgetown J. A. Magruder 3,000 Quincy Elisha B. Hamilton* 558
FLORIDA. . IOWA.
Apalachicola A. W. Chapman Burlington J. C. Abercrombie* 500
Fernamlina Geo. S. Roux ! Dubuque Jesse M. Harrison* 378
Key West Charles Howe 1,528 i Keokuk John Stannus* 400
(a) Until January, 1S69. * Surveyors.
98
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
KENTUCKY.
Louisville Richard R. Boiling*.. . .$3,000
Paducah John P. Harris* 1,000
LOUISIANA.
New Orleans. . . .Wm. P. Kellogg 6,000
Teche R. W. Mullen
MAINE.
Bangor John H. Rice 3,000
Bath E. S. J. Neally 2,681
Belfast Truman Harmon 3,000
Frenchman' s Bay W. B. Peters 2,594
Kennebunk N. K. Sargent (500
Machias S. Longfellow 2,051
Passamaquoddy. Washington Long 3,400
Penobscot S. K. Devereaux 2,980
Portland I. Washburn, Jr 6,400
Saco William Hobson 250
Waldoboro Jas. A. Hall
Wiscasset Joseph E. Smith 958
York J. S. Putnam 278
MARYLAND.
Annapolis John G. Taylor
Baltimore Edwin H. Webster
MASSACHUSETTS.
Barnstable Chas. F. Swift
Boston and
Charlestown.. .Thomas Russell
Edgarton John Vinson
Fan River James Brady, Jr
Gloucester Wm. A. Pew
Marblehead William Standley
Nantucket Isaac H. Folger
New Bedford Lawrence Grinnell
Newburyport....E. G. Currier
Plymouth Thos. Loring
Salem and Bev
erly R. S. Rantoul
MICHIGAN.
Detroit Nelson G. Isbell
Grand Haven H. C. Ackerly
Port Huron J. P. Sanborn
Saut Ste Marie. .John R. Dillingham. . .
MISSISSIPPI.
Natchez F. J. Mead
Pearl River Robert Eager
Vicksburgh J. A. Klein
MISSOURI.
St. Louis S. M. Breckenridge*. . .
MINNESOTA.
Pembina Joseph Lemay
MONTANA AND IDAHO.
Helena John X. Beidler
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Portsmouth Joseph B. Upham
NEW JERSEY.
Bridgetown J. H. Elmer
Burlington Wm. L. Ashmore
Camden P. T. Gray
Gt. E<r«- Harbor. .1. S. Adams
L'tle Esg Harb. . Jarvie H. Bartlett
Newark Wm. Silvey
New Brunswick. James Ryno*
Perth Amboy. . . . J. L. Boggs
NEW YORK.
Albany Peter M. Carmichael*..
Buffalo J. K.Tyler
Cape Vincent. . . . D. B. Owen
Dunkirk Geo. M. Abell
Greenport E. E. D. Skinner
New York Henry A. Smyth
...310
.6,000
.3,000
.6.400
.1,157
.2,305
.'..475
...313
.2,807
.1.495
.1,095
.1,005
.2,500
.1,000
.3,000
..515
.1,200
.1,881
.1,442
.'..422
.3,306
.2,500!
.2,500
. 500
.2.500
.6.400
Oswego A. Van Dyck $2,500
Ogdeiisburg George Parker 2,500
Puittsburg J. Parmenter
Rochester Thomas Parsons
Sag Harbor W. S. Havens
Susp. Bridge . ...F. Spanieling 2,500
Troy Leo Kirchner
NORTH CAROLINA.
Beaufort John A. Hedrick 1,991
Edenton C. G. Manning
Newbern It. W. King
Wilmington Denard Rumley
OHIO.
Cincinnati George W. Neff* 1,800
Cleveland J. C. Granniss 2,500
Toledo Patrick S. Slevin 2,500
Sandusky John Youngs 2,500
OREGON.
Astoria Alanson Hinman 3,000
Chester Simon Litzenburg*
PENNSYLVANIA.
Erie Thomas Wilkins 2,500
Philadelphia Jos. W. Cake 6,000
Pittsburgh" G. C. McLean* 1,500
RHODE ISLAND.
Bristol & Warren W. R. Taylor 1,428
East Greenwich. Joseph Spencer*
Newport S. W. Macy 1,558
North Kingston.. Asa B. Waite*
Pawcatuck George D. Cross*
Pawtuxet W. W. Gorton
Providence Charles Anthony 2,195
Tiverton Cyrenus Bliss*
Warren Henry W. Gladding*
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Charleston A. G. Mackey
Georgetown Henry F. Heriot
Port Royal James L. Barmvell 1,500
TENNESSEE.
Nashville John M. Byers
Memphis D. C. Trader* 3,000
TEXAS.
Brownsville A. A. Crawford
Corpus Christi . . Thomas W. Ward
El Paso Wm. W. Mills
Galyeston Constant K. Hall
Indian ola James W. Hancock
La Vaca Wm. S. Chichester
Saluria Charles Taylor
Velasco Wm. C. Wagley *
VERMONT.
Burlington G. J. Stannard 1,000
VIRGINIA.
Accomack C. H . . Henry P. Parker*
Alexandria Andrew Jamieson 1,160
Eastville Lloyd Moore
Norfolk & Ports
mouth Lewis W. Webb
Parkersburg Thomas G. Gordon*.'
Petersburg Wm. E. Wells
Richmond J. M. Humphreys
Tappahannock . .James M. Matthews
Yorktown Edward C. Darlington . . .
WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
Puget Sound.... F. A.Wilson 1,000
. WEST VIRGINIA.
Wheeling Thomas O'Brien 350
WISCONSIN.
Milwaukee C. L. Sholes 1,285
* Surveyors.
1869.]
ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS OP INTERNAL REVENUE.
99
ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE.
DIST. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS.
1. William D. Mann Mobile.
2. Edward LaCroix Selma.
3. Richard S. Watkins Russellville.
Henry A. Bigelow Prescott.
ALABAMA.
COLLECTORS. ADDRESS.
Moses S. Foote Mobile.
George W. Colby Selrna.
Robert Johnston Huntsville.
ARIZONA.
Levi Bashford. . . ... Prescott.
ARKANSAS.
1. James S. Smith Elgin. Lucien W. Coy DuvalFs Bluff.
2. John M. Oliver Little Rock. William J. Patton Little Rock.
3. John Edwards Fort Smith. Samuel F. Cooper Van Buren.
CALIFORNIA.
Lewis C. Gunn San Francisco. Frank Soule San Francisco.
O. H. Burnham Oakland. Theodore T. Tidball Santa Cruz.
Silas H. Axtell Stockton. John Sedgwick Stockton.
Thos. J. Blakeney Sacramento. Alfred Briggs Sacramento.
W. C. S. Smith Napa City.
W. A. Eliason Santa Rosa.
Daniel Witter Denver.
COLORADO.
George W. Brown Denver.
CONNECTICUT.
1. Alphonso C. Crosby Rockville. Henry A. Grant Hartford.
2. John B. Wright Clinton. Samuel Babcock New Haven.
3. Jesse S. Ely Norwich. Henry Hammond Norwich.
4. Reuben Rockwell Bridgeport. D. F. Hollister Bridgeport.
DAKOTA.
David M. Miller Elk Point. William Shriner Vennillion.
DELAWARE.
George B. Dixon Dover. Charles H. B. Day Dover.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Peter M. Pearson Washington. Lewis Clephane Washington.
FLORIDA.
Lemuel Wilson Fernandina. Marcellus A. Williams . . . Femandina.
Lloyd D. Waddcll Savannah.
Joseph E. Webster Columbus,
John Bowles Augusta.
Wm. H. Watson Atlanta.
Austin Savage Boise City.
GEORGIA.
Alexander N. Wilson Savannah.
Jas. C. McBurney Macon.
William D. Bard Augusta.
James Atkins ... . . .Atlanta.
IDAHO.
J. Gary Geer Boise City.
ILLINOIS.
Martin R. M. Wallace . . . Chicago.
Duncan Ferguson Rockford.
Andrew J. Warner ProphetstoWn.
Moses M. Bane Quincy.
George I. Bergen Galesburg.
Quincy D. Whitman Ottawa.
R. H. Carnahan Danville.
Dudley Wickersham Springfield.
Henry L. Bryant Lewistown.
James Fishback Jacksonville.
Jonathan Biggs Olney.
William C. Kueffner Belleville.
Samuel H. Almon Tamaroa.
John M. Corse Chicago.
Wm. B. Allen Aurora.
Robert Little Freeport.
Jackson Grimshaw Quincy.
William Kellogg Peoria.
C. M. Hammond Joliet.
W. T. Cunningham Danville.
Edwin S. McCook Springfield.
Leonard F. Ross Avon.
Nathan M. Knapp Winchester.
Robert D. Noleman Centralia.
Willard C. Flagg Alton.
Daniel G. Hay Cairo.
100
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1SC9.
DI*
1.
2.
3.
4,
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
1.
9.
3.
4.
5.
G.
1.
2.
8.
4.
5.
8.
7.
8.
'J.
1.
2.
8.
1.
9.
8.
4.
6.
1.
9.
8.
4.
5.
1.
9.
8.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Hi
r. ASSESSORS.
Joseph G. Bowman
INDIANA.
ADDRESS. COLLECTORS.
Vincennes Horace B Sheuard
ADDRESS.
J. G. Harrison
New Albany B F Scribner
Hagermann Tripp
North Vernon. Smith Jones
Richard H. Swift
..Brookville. G.V.Stevenson
Aurora
Henry W. Shumau
David Braden
..Milton. William Grose
Newcastle
. .Indianapolis. Austin H. Brown . . .
Indianapolis.
Terre Haute.
Lafayette.
South Bend
James Farrington
Thomas W. Fry
David Turner
George D. Copeland. . .
Hervey Craven
James B Weaver
. . Terre Haul e. J.I. Alexander ,
. . Lafayette. John S. Williams . . .
Crown Point Norman Eddy
. .Goshen. Warren H. Withers .
. . Anderson. John F. Wildmau
IOWA.
Bloomfield. William W. Belknap
Fort Wayne.
Anderson.
Keokuk.
Davenport.
Dubuque.
Sigouruey.
, . . . .Dcs Moines.
George Meason
Lucius L. Huntley
John Connell
. .Muscatine. James Armstrong
. .Dubuque. D. B. Henderson
Toledo. Alonzo J. Pope
Cole Noel
Adel. L. P. Sherman
Thomas H. Benton, Jr.
Thomas J. Sternbergh.
William T. Owsley
Thomas S Pettit
Marshalltown. Albert Head
. . . . .New Jeft'erson.
KANSAS.
. .Lawrence. George T. Anthony.
KENTUCKY.
Paducah John D Kelly
Leavenworth.
Paducah
Owensboro James A Wallace
Hopkinsville
Thomas W. Campbell .
William M. Spencer. . .
Edgar Needham
J. C. Sayres
Benjamin Gratz
Thoma^ Z Morrow
. Bowling Green. Erasmus L. Mottley.,
Bowling Green.
. .Lebanon. John R. Becklcy
. . Louisville. Philip Speed
Shelbyville.
Louisville.
..Covington. William M. Murphy.
. .Lexington. Robert M. Kelly
Somerset. Wm. J. Landram
Covington.
Lexington.
Lancaster.
Samuel L. Elaine
Lewis Wolfley
James H. Veazie
A. W. Norcross
N G Marshall
Maysville. Fielder C. Barnes
Mount Sterling
LOUISIANA.
..New Orleans. James B. Steedman..
..Baton Rouge. Ernest M. Boligny..
..Monroe. Eugene Tisdale ,
MAINE.
Portland N J Miller
New Orleans.
Baton Rouge.
Monroe.
...Portland.
Hannibal Belcher
Selden Conner
George P. Sewall
Nathaniel A. Joy
Thomas K. Carroll
Farmin°'ton Jesse S Lyford..
Lewiston.
. .Kendall's Mills. P. F. Sanborn
Oldtown Jeremiah Fenno . ,
Augusta.
Bangor.
. . Ellsworth. David Howe
MARYLAND.
. . Church Creek. Wm. H. Smith
Lincolnville.
Easton.
Baltimore.
Cumberland.
Annapolis Juno.
Fall River.
John W. Webster
Wm E. W. Ross
. . Baltimore. James L. Ridgely . . . .
" Wm. A. Wieong
John Van Lear
Ha^erstown. George W. Harrison .
William Welling
Ellicott's Mills. Arthur P. Gorman . . .
Charles G. Davis
Nathaniel Wales
W R Lee
MASSACHUSETTS.
Plymouth James Buffin^ton
. .Stoughton. Benj. W. Harris
.Boston. Wm. H. McCartney . .
East Bridgewater.
Boston.
Oti« Clapp
" John Sargent
Eben F. Stone
Phineas J. Stone
C. C. Esty
. . Newburyport. Charles C. Dame
Charlestown Nathaniel S Howe
Newburyport.
Haverhill.
Framinfham John Nesmith
Lowell.
Worcester. A. B. R. Sprague
Worcester.
Amasa Norcross
Fitchburo-. D. W. Alvord
Greenfield.
...North Adams.
C. N. Emerson . ..
. . Pittsfield. E. R. Tinker . . .
ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE.
101
DIST
}
ASSESSORS.
MICHIGAN.
ADDRESS. COLLECTORS.
Detroit. David E Harbau»h
ADDRESS.
Detroit
2.
3
Alexander H. Morrison.
G T Gridley
.St. Joseph. F. W. Curtenius
Jackson C II Miller
..Kalamazoo.
Ann Arbor
4
We^tbrook Divine
Ionia Sluman S. Bailey. ...
. Grand Rapids.
5
Pontiac Benj. C. Gunn
..Utica.
6.
1.
2
Henry Raymond
William McMicken
Robert N McLaren
.Bay City. G. W. Fish
MINNESOTA.
. Mantorville. John J. Randall
St Paul A C. Morrill
..Flint.
. . Winona.
Minneapolis.
1
William J Britton
MISSISSIPPI.
Hazlehurst. Edwin G. Cook . . .
. Hazlehurst.
2
Thomas S White
Brandon. Martin Keary
. . . Vicksburg.
3,
1
Lewis D. Viser
Theophile Papin
. Oxford. William W. Willis
MISSOURI.
St Louis. Barton Able.
...Corinth.
St Louis
o
John H Fox
DeSoto. Bernard Zwart
Ironton
3.
-1
Joseph A. Hay
Joseph B Douglass
.LaGrange. Charles P. Hey wood..
Columbia. Alex. H. Martin.
. .Hannibal.
Troy
f>
Mack J. Leaminf.
Sedalia. William C. Chanaler
Pleasant Hill
C.
Elisha F. Rogers
Kansas City. James Craig.
St Joseph
Truman C. Evarts
MONTANA.
Virginia City. N P Lan"ford
Frederick Renner
Warren Wasson . .
NEBRASKA.
. Nebraska City. Joseph E. Lamaster . . .
NEVADA.
. Carson City. Stephen T. Gage
'..Nebraska City.
Virginia City.
1.
9
George M. Herring
Isaac W Smith
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
.Farmington. James M. Lovering . . .
Manchester. John Kimball
..Exeter.
Concord
8
Bolivar Lovell
Alstead. Chester Pike
1.
2,
Benjamin Acton
Anthony Reckless
NEW JERSEY.
. Salem. William P. Tatum
.Red Bank. Stephen B. Smith
. . .Camden.
...Trenton.
8
Robert Rushling . . . .
.Hackettstown. Elston Marsh
Plainfleld
4.
5.
Benj. F. Robinson
Robert B. Hathorn
.Ridgewood. John B. Headley
. Newark. Jacob Weart
...Morris town.
...Jersey City.
William Breeden
NEW MEXICO.
. Santa Fe. Charles Blumner
Santa Fe.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Wm. R. Cummings
John Williams
Thomas Welwood
Pierre C. Van Wyck. . .
David Miller
NEW YORK.
.Jamaica. George F. Carman
.Brooklyn. Reuben S. Torrey
" Edward T. Wood
. New York. Joshua F. Bailey
" Lewis J Kirk
...Long Island City.
...Brooklyn.
...Nev> York.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
John F. Cleveland
Merwin R. Brewer
Thomas B. Aston
Homer Franklin
Abram Hyatt
Maunsell B. Field
" Marshall B. Blake
" Alexander Spaulding..
" Thomas O'Callaghan. .
. Sing Sing. John M. Mason
. . . Yonkers.
11.
James C. Curtis
.Cochecton. John G Wilkin
Middletown.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Benj. P. Carpenter
J. Atwood Cooke
John G. Treadwell ....
Philip H. Neher
.Poughkeepsie. Peter E. Van Alstyn . .
. Catskill. E. W. Buddington
.Albany. Theodore Townsend. .
. Troy. James Forsyth
...Kinderhook.
. . . Kingston.
...Albany.
. . . Troy.
102
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809.
DIST. ASSESSOKS.
16. Lawrence Myers.
ADDRESS.
Plattsburgh.
COLLECTORS.
Samuel T. Richards
Erasmus D. Brooks ....
Allen C. Churchill
George W. Ernst
Lawrence L. Merry
Levi Blakeslee
ADDRESS.
. .Warreusburgh.
..Potsdam.
. . Gloversville.
. .Cooperstown.
. .Ilion.
. TJtica.
17. D. H. Stanton
18. Alex. H. Palmer
19. David L. Follett ....
.Malone.
.Schenectady.
Norwich.
20. Nelson J. Beach
21. Charles M. Dennison . . .
22. William H. Wheeler. . . .
23. William Candee
.Watson.
.Rome.
.Oswego.
Syracuse.
Ralph H. Avery
Canastota,
Silas F. Smith
Syracuse.
24. Joseph W. Gates
Lyons.
William A. Halsey
Farley Holmes
Simon C. Hitchcock
Oscar J. Averill
Samuel P. Allen
Hiram W. Hascall
..Port Byron.
. .Penn-Yan.
. .Binghamton.
..Elmira.
..Rochester.
..Batavia.
Buffalo.
25. Lewis Peck.
Phelps.
26. Henry R. Wells.
Owe^o.
27. Curtis C. Gardiner .
Elmira.
28. John W. Graves
Medina.
29. James P. Murphy
. Lockport.
.Buffalo.
.Jamestown.
.New York.
NORTH CAB<
.Elizabeth City.
.Wilson.
.Fayetteville.
Chapel Hill.
.Greensboro.
.Salisbury.
30. James C. Strong
31. Lewis Hall
32. E. D. Webster
1 . Robinson Piemont
2. Jennings Pigott
3. William H. Worth......
4. Solomon Pool
Adrian R. Root
Charles Kennedy.
Dunkirk.
Sheridan Shook.
. New York.
5LINA.
William E. Bond
..Eden ton.
Lewellyn G. Estes
Charles W Woollen
..Wilmington.
Fayetteville
John Reed
Warrenton
5. Jesse Wheeler
John Crane
Greensboro
6. Hardie H. Helper
Samuel H Wiley
Salisbury
7. Joseph Hamilton
1. Horace G. Storms
2. Conduce G. Megrew . . .
3. Obadiah C . Maxwell
4 David M. Fleming.
.Hendersonville.
OHIO.
. Cincinnati.
.Cincinnati.
.Dayton.
Pi qua
John B. Weaver
Leonard A. Harris..
..Ashville.
Cincinnati.
S. J. McGroarty
Cincinnati.
Ferdinand Van Derveer
William W Wilson
..Hamilton.
Urbana
5 James S. Robinson .
Kenton
Cloys B Wilson
..Findlay.
..Hillsborough.
..Columbus.
..Delaware.
Sandusky.
6. Carr B. White
.Georgetown.
William 0. Collins
B. F. Martin
7. John T. Hogne
.Xenia.
8. Milton W. Warden
9. James Lewis
10. M. W. Hubbell
.Mansfield.
.Bucyrus.
.Toledo.
.Ironton.
Lancaster.
Eugene Powell
George J. Anderson
Harry Chase
..Toledo.
..Portsmouth.
..Lancaster.
. .Zanesville.
. .Wooster.
11 Elias Nigh
Benj. F. Coates
12 John M Connell
John A. Hunter
Albert A. Guthrie
Lucas Flattery
13. George B. Arnold
.Mount Vernon.
14. Willard Slocum
15. George M. Woodbridge.
16. John Sargent
.Ashland.
.Marietta.
.New Philadelphia.
W. P. Richardson
Charles J. Albright
Kent Jarvis
..Marietta.
..Cambridge.
Masillon.
17. Anson G. McCook
18 Lovett S Morton
.Steubenville.
Cleveland.
Thomas Jones, Jr.
Cleveland.
19. Chas. A. Harrington
Thoma^ Frazer
.Warren.
OREGOK
Portland
Henry Fassett.
.Ashtabula.
r.
Mednram Crawfnrrl
Portland.
1 John W Frazier
PENNSYLVANIA.
Philadelphia. Charles Abel
Philadelphia.
2. Clifford S. Phillips
3. William B. Elliot
4. Revie J. Fongeray
5. Richardson L. Wright . .
6. Francis Z. Heebner
7. J. Lee Englebert
8. Solomon Close
9. John B. Warfel
10. Jeremiah Seitzin^er
.Frankford.
.Allentown.
.Westchester.
.Reading.
.Lancaster.
.Pottsville.
John H Diehl
Samuel M. Zuelick
Alex. Cummings
Joseph Barnsley
Doylestown
Abram B. Longaker
William M. Swayne
Diller Luther
. .Norristown.
..Westchester.
Reading.
William M. Wiley
Lancaster.
James A. Inness.. .
..Pottsville.
1869.] ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. 103
DI3T. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS. COLLECTORS. ADDRESS.
11. William Mutchler Easton. Josiah P. Hetrick Easton.
12. William M. Post Susquehanna Depot. Caleb E. Wright Wilkesbarre.
13. Robert'!1. Clarke Bloomsburg. H. Lawrence Scott Towanda.
14. Thomas J. Jordan Harrisburg. Charles H. Shriner Mifflinburg.
15. Henry Welsh York. William P. Lloyd Mechanicsburg.
16. William McSherry Littlestown. Charles W. Ashcom Hopewell.
17. J. Sewall Stewart Huntingdon. Wesley I. Rose Johnstown.
18. Robert H. Forster Bellefonte. Henry A. Gurnsey Williamsport.
19. Daniel Livingston Curwensville. John W. Douglass Erie.
20. John B. Hays Meadville. Peter McGough Franklin.
21. A. G. Booth, (acting) Brownsville. William H. Markle Greensburg.
22. Henry A. Weaver Pittsburg. Ferdinand E. Volz Pittsburg.
23. Daniel E. Nevin Allegheny City. John M. Sullivan Allegheny City.
24. James B. Ruple Washington. Archibald Robertson Beaver Falls.
RHODE ISLAND.
1. Thomas G. Turner Providence. L. B. Frieze Providence.
2. Wm. A. Pirce Johnston. Wm. D. Bray ton Warwick.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
1. C. W. Dudley Bennettsville. Samuel Mayrant Sumter.
2. Charles J. Hascall Charleston. Fred. A. Sawyer Charleston.
3. H. O. Herrick Anderson. Alex. S. Wallace Columbia.
TENNESSEE.
1. John P. Holtsinger Greenville. Elijah Simerly Greenville.
2. Dan. A. Carpenter Knoxville. J. T. Abernathy Knoxville.
3. Thos. J. Carlile Chattanooga. P.A.Wilkinson Chattanooga.
4. William T . Tune Shelbyville. Joseph Ramsey Shelby ville.
5. John McClelland Nashville. Henry L. Norvell Nashville.
6. T. J. Cypert Waynesboro. William C. Webb Linden.
7. Joseph H. Travis Paris. Franklin Travis Paris.
8. W. W. Thacher Memphis. Rolfe S. Saunders Memphis.
TEXAS.
1. James Johnson Galveston. Milton Stapp Galveston.
2. Jos. A. Henderson Indianola. Robert H. Lane Indianola.
3. John L. Haynes Austin. Richard N. Lane Austin.
4. Horace Bough ton Marshall. Lemuel D. Evans Marshall.
UTAH.
Augustus L. Chetlain. . . .Gt. Salt Lake City. Robert T. Burton Gt. Salt Lake City.
VERMONT.
1. Wm. C. Kittredge Fair Haven. Joseph Poland Montpelier.
2. Thos. E. Powers Woodstock. Charles S. Dana St. Johnsbury.
3. Henry C. Adams St. Albans. Anson J. Crane Burlington.
VIRGINIA.
1. John B. Ailworth Drummondtown. George C. Tyler Onancock.
2. John M. Donn Norfolk. William Selden Norfolk.
8. John H. Hudson Richmond. John E. Mulford Richmond.
4. C. W. Barr Manchester. Otis H. Russell Manchester.
5. Jacqueline M. Wood Lynchburg. E. B. Pendleton Lynchburg.
6. John H. Freeman Lexington. S. R. Sterling Harrisonburg.
7. William M. Fitzhugh .... Fairfax C. H. Thos. L. Sanborn Alexandria.
8. George S. Smith Marion. George W. Jackson Wytheville.
WASHINGTON.
Samuel D. Howe Olympia. Hazard Stevens Olympia.
WEST VIRGINIA.
1. Albert G. Leonard Parkersburg. Benj. F. Kelly Wheeling.
2. John R. Drabell Morgantown. George W. Brown Grafton.
3. Thomas Thornburg Cabell C. H. John H. Oley Kanawha C. H.
104 TUE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
WISCONSIN.
DIST. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS. COLLECTORS. ADDRESS.
1. George B. Bingham Milwaukee. George Q. Erskine Milwaukee.
2. Henry Ilarnden Madison. Henry M. Lewis Madison.
3. Smith S. Wilkinson Prairie du Sac. J. II. Warren Monroe.
4. S. M. Smead Fond du Lac. John J. Williams Beaver Dam.
5. Jacob S. Bugh Wautoma. A. K. Osborne .New London.
6. Lute A. Taylor Prescott. Charles Shuter Sparta.
UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY.
Superintendent BENJAMIN PIERCE $G,000
Hydrographic Inspector C. P. PATTERSON 2,825
Assistant in charge of Office J. E. HILGARD 2,300
General Disbursing Agent SAMUEL HEIN 2,500
The coast survey has for its object the production of accurate charts of the
coasts and harbors of the United States. With a shore line, including bays
and islands, and exclusive of Alaska, of more than 21,000 miles in length ;
and with a commerce extending to all parts of the world, and rapidly increas
ing, the importance to the country of this branch of the public service will
be readily appreciated.
The work was commenced on the Eastern or Atlantic coast in 1832, under
the superintendence of Professor F. R. Hasslcr, and after his death in 1843,
was continued under the superintendence of late Prof. Alexander D. Bache,
and extended to the Gulf of Mexico. On the acquisition of California, the
Pacific coast was included in the survey, and since the treaty with Russia,
by which Alaska was brought under the government of the United States,
the survey has been extended to that Territory. The* whole work is under
the administrative direction of the Treasury Department. Upon the Super
intendent devolves the duty of planning its operations, for the scientific
accuracy of which he is responsible. The Corps of Assistants is composed
of three classes, — civilians, and army and navy officers. The work is divided
into three branches, — the geodetic, topographic, and hydrographic surveys.
The geodetic survey accurately determines the relative positions on the sur
face of the earth of a great number of prominent points, by a system of tri-
angulation and observation of the true meridian lines, and of latitude and
longitude. The positions fixed by the triangulation form the ground-work
of the topographic survey which delineates the shore-line of the coasts, bays,
and rivers ; the shape and heights of hills ; the position of roads, houses,
woods, marshes, and fields, — in short all noteworthy features of the coun
try. The hydrographic survey based upon the points and shore-lines fur
nished by the triangulation and topography, delineates the hidden config
uration of the sea bottom, discovers channels, shoals, and rocks, assigns their
true positions, and shows the depth of water and character of the bottom
over the whole extent of the chart.
The observations made in the progress of the survey are arranged and pub
lished with illustrative plates, topographic maps and hydrographic charts.
1869.] LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICTS. 105
LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD.
President, ex-officio .' HUGH MCCULLOCH, Secretary of the Treasury.
Chairman Rear Admiral, W. B. SHUBRICK.
Naval Secretary ANDREW A. HARWOOD.
Engineer Secretary O. M. POE.
Chief Clerk BENJ. U. KEYSER.
LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICTS AND OFFICERS.
In conformity with the Act of Congress of August 31, 1852, 12 Light-House Districts have
been established.
In the First District, extending from the N. E. boundary of the United States to Hampton
Harbor, New Hampshire, there are 46 light-houses and light beacons, 39 beacons, 271 buoys,*
and one light-house tender. Inspector, JOHN POPE, Portland, Me. Engineer, W. A. GOODWIN,
Boston, Mass.
In the Second District, extending from Hampton Harbor, New Hampshire, to Gooseberry
Point, Massachusetts, there are 03 light-houses and light beacons, 50 beacons, 7 light vessels,
451 buoys, 1 steam tender and 1 sailing tender. Inspector, GEORGE S. BLAKE, Boston, Mass.
Engineer, W. A. GOODWIN, Boston, Mass.
In the Third District, extending from Gooseberry Point, Massachusetts, to Squam Inlet, New
Jersey, including the Hudson River and Lake Champlain, there are 92 light-houses and lighted
beacons, 44 beacons, 6 light vessels, 335 buoys, 1 steam tender, and 1 sailing tender. Inspector,
A. L. CASE, Tompkinsville, Staten Island, N. Y. Engineer, JOSEPH LEDERLE, Tompkinsville,
Staten Island, N. Y.
In the Fourth District, extending from Squam Inlet, N. J., to Metompkin Inlet, Ya., includ
ing Delaware Bay and its tributaries, there are 18 light-houses and lighted beacons, 2 beacons,
2 light vessels, 75 buoys and 1 light house tender. Inspector, W. H. GARDNER, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. Engineer, G. CASTOR SMITH, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In the Fifth District, extending from Metompkin Inlet, Ya., to New River Inlet, N. C., includ
ing Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, there are G2 light-houses
and lighted beacons, 85 beacons, 4 light vessels, 460 buoys, and 2 steam tenders. Inspector* S.
M. BERRIEN, Norfolk, Ya. Engineer, W. J. NEWMAN, Baltimore, Md.
In the Sixth District, extending from New River Inlet, N. C., to Cape Canaveral light-house,
Florida, inclusive, there are 49 light-houses and light beacons, 123 beacons, 5 light vessels, 146
buoys and 2 sailing tenders. Inspector, A. K. HUGHES, Charleston, S. C. Engineer, JERE P.
SMITH, Charleston, S. C.
In the Seventh District, extending from south of Cape Canaveral, to Egmpnt Key, Florida,
there are 10 light-houses and lighted beacons, 18 beacons, 57 buoys, and 1 sailing tender. In
spects, B. M. DOVE, Key West, Florida. Engineer, M. C. DUNNIER, Key West, Florida.
In the Eighth Dislrict, extending from St. Mark's, Florida, to the Rio Grande, there are 64
light-houses and lighted beacons, 41 beacons, 80 buoys, 1 steam tender and 3 sailing tenders.
Inspector, CHARLES GREEN, New Orleans, La. Engineer, M. D. Me ALESTER, New Orleans, La.
On July 1, 1867, by authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, the former eighth and ninth
districts were consolidated, the new district being styled the eighth. This had become neces
sary, owing to the provision in the Act of Congress organizing the present light-house estab
lishment, limiting the number of districts to twelve, and the extension of our coast upon the
Pacific, which created the necessity for an additional district there. Under the present arrange
ment, there is no ninth district, and the aggregate number of districts remains at twelve.
In the Tenth District, embracing Lakes Erie, and Ontario, and the rivers St. Lawrence, Niag
ara, and their tributaries, there are 44 light-houses and lighted beacons, 79 buoys, and 1 steam
tender. Injector, F. B. ELLISON, Buffalo, N. Y. Engineer, W. F. RAYNOLDS, Detroit, Mich.
In the E'.eventh District, embracing all that portion of the lake region (including affluents)
above Detroit, Michigan, there are 03 light-houses and lighted beacons, 80 buoys, and 1 steam
tender, which attends to this and the Tenth District. Inspector, T. H. STEVENS, Detroit, Mich.
Engineer, W. F. RAYNOLDS, Detroit, Mich.
In the Twelfth District, extending from the southern boundary of California, to the 41st parallel
of latitude, there are 9 light-houses and lighted beacons. Inspector, J. C. CARTER, San Fran
cisco, Cal. Engineer, R. S. WILLIAMSON, San Francisco, Cal.
In the Thirteenth District, embracing the Pacific coast north of the 41st parallel of latitude,
there are 9 light-houses and lighted beacons. Injector, J. M. WATSON, Astoria, Oregon. En
gineer, R. S. WILLIAMSON, San Francisco, Cal.
*In all the districts the buoys are exclusive of spare buoys to supply losses.
106 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
SUPERVISING INSPECTORS OP STEAMBOATS AND THEIR DISTRICTS.
Salaries $1,500 each, and traveling expenses.
President of Board, WILLIAM BURNETT.
First District — Embraces all waters and rivers of the United States west of the Rocky
Mountains. Supervisor, WILLIAJI BURNETT, San Francisco, Cal.
Second District — Embraces the waters of the Atlantic coast, rivers and tributaries between
the bay of Passamaquoddy and Cape Charles. Su-pervisor, WILLIAM BRADFORD, New York City.
Third District — Embraces the waters of the Atlantic coast, rivers and tributaries between
Cape Charles and Cape Sable. Supervisor, GEORGE W. MORRIS, Baltimore, Md.
Fourth District — Embraces the Mississippi river and tributaries, from, the mouth of the Ohio
river to Quincy, 111. Supervisor, DANIEL G. TAYLOR, St. Louis, Mo.
Fifth District — Embraces the upper Mississippi and its tributaries from and including Alton,
and the Red river of the North. Supemisor, CHARLES L. STEPHENSON, Galena, 111.
Sixth District — Embraces the Ohio river and tributaries below Madison, and the Mississippi
river and tributaries (below the Ohio) down to and including the Arkansas river. Supervisor,
JAMES V. GUTIIRIE, Louisville, Ky.
Seventh District — Embraces the Ohio river and tributaries above and including Madison.
Supervisor, JOHN S. DEVINNY, Pittsburgh, Penn.
Eighth District — Embraces all the waters of the lakes north and west of Lake Erie, with their
tributaries. Supervisor, ALFRED GUTHRIE, Chicago, 111.
Ninth District — Embraces all the waters of Lakes Erie, Ontario, Champlain, Memphremagog
and George, and the river St. Lawrence, with their tributaries. Supervisor, A. S. BEMIS,
Buffalo, N. Y.
Tenth District— Embraces the coast and tributary waters of the Gulf of Mexico between
Cape Sable and the mouth of the Rio Grande, and the Mississippi river and tributaries to the
mouth of the Arkansas river. Supervisor, WILLIAM ROGERS, New Orleans, La.
ARMY AND NAVY.
By the eighth section of the first article of the Constitution, Congress is
empowered in general to raise and support armies ; to provide and maintain
a navy, and to make rules for the government and regulation of the land
and naval forces. By the second section of the second article, the President
is appointed commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia
of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States.
On August 7, 1789, Congress established a Department of War to enable the
President to carry out the provisions of the Constitution for military affairs.
A number of " Original Rules and Articles of War," which were enacted by
the Congress of 1776, were continued in force under the Constitution, with
several modifications. These rules were the basis of the actual Articles of
War, enacted in 1806, which, with slight alterations, form the military code
which govern all troops when mustered into the service.
At the commencement of the year 1861, the army consisted of about 14,000
regular troops, stationed chiefly in the Southern states. A large number of
these joined the cause of the Southern confederacy, so that at the breaking
out of the rebellion the Federal army numbered only about 8,000 men. April
15, 1861, the President called out 75,000 volunteers for three months to de
fend the national capital ; and on May 3, he called out 75,000 volunteers to
serve for three years, or to the close of the war. By subsequent proclama
tions and acts of Congress the army was increased ; the whole number en
rolled to the end of the civil war amounted to 2,653,062. Since the close
of the war, the army has been reduced to about 50,000 men.*
* For organization of Armyand Navy, see pages 122 and 132.
1869.] WAR DEPARTMENT. 107
The executive duties growing out of the management of the naval forces
were by Congress committed to the War Department by act of August 7,
1789, but in 1798, a separate department was created, with a Cabinet officer
called the Secretary of the Navy.
At the breaking out of the civil war in 1861, the naval forces consisted
of 41 men of war on active service, most of which were sailing vessels. This
number was largely increased during the war by purchase and the construc
tion of new vessels. The naval force has been diminished since 1865.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
The Secretary of War has charge of all the duties connected with the
army of the United States, fortifications, etc., issues commissions, directs the
movement of troops, superintends their payment, stores, clothing, arms, and
equipments, and ordnance, and conducts works of military engineering.
The following bureaus are attached to this department :
Commanding General's Office. The Commanding General has charge of
the arrangement of the military forces, the superintendence of the recruiting
service, and the discipline of the army. He is to see that the laws and reg
ulations of the army are enforced. The office is at Washington and is called
the Head-quarters of the army.
Adjutant- General's Office. In this office are kept all the records which
refer to the personnel of the army, pay-roll, etc., and all military commis
sions are made out. All orders which emanate from Headquarters, or the
War Department proper, pass through this office, and the annual returns
from the army are received by it.
The Quartermaster- General's Office provides quarters, storage, and trans
portation for the army, and has charge of the barracks and the National
Cemeteries.
The Paymaster- General's Office has charge of the disbursements to the
regular army and the Military Academy.
The Commissary- General's Office provides subsistence stores for the troops
and military forts.
The Ordnance Bureau has charge of the Ordnance stores, and the various
arsenals and armories.
The Engineer's Office has charge of the military defenses of the country,
the improvement of rivers, the surveys relating thereto, and the care of the
Military Academy.
Surgeon- General's Office. All matters connected with medicine and surgery,
the management of the sick and wounded, and the hospitals are under the
control of this office. •
Topographical Bureau. This bureau has charge of all topographical
operations and surveys for military purposes, and for purposes of internal
improvement, and of all maps, drawings, and documents relating to those
duties.
108 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, the Bureau of
Military Justice, the Inspector General's Office, and the Signal Corps of the
Army are also connected with the War Department,
CHIEF OFFICERS IN WAR DEPARTMENT.
Secretary of War JOHN M. SCOFIELD.
Chief Clerk JOHN POTTS.
Adjutant General Bvt. Major General LORENZO THOMAS.
Assistant Adjutant Generals Bvt. Major General E. D. TOWNSEND ; Bvt. Brig
adier Generals J. C. KELTON, ROBERT WIL
LIAMS, THOS. M. VINCENT, SAMUEL BRECK,
and L. II. PELOUZE.
Inspector General Bvt. Major General EDMUND SCHRIVER.
Quartermaster General Bvt. Major General M. C. MEIGS.
Assistant Quartermaster General Bvt. Major General CHAS. THOMAS.
Chief Clerk. WM. A. GORDON.
Deputy Quartermaster Generals Bvt. Brigadier Generals J. C. MCFERRAN, JAS.
A. EKIN, and MORRIS S. MILLER.
Quartermasters Bvt. Brigadier Generals J. J. DANA, and A. J.
PERRY.
Commissary General of Subsistence Bvt. Major General A. B. EATON.
Assistant Commissary General of Subsistence . . .Bvt. Major General A. E. SHIRAS.
Chief Clerk R. M. HANSON.
Surgeon General ., Bvt. Major General JAS. K. BARNES.
Assistant Surgeon General Bvt, Brigadier General C. II. CRANE.
Chief Clerk RICHMOND JOHNSON.
Paymaster General Bvt. Major General B. W. BRICE.
Paymasters Bvt. Brig.-Gcn. J. II. EATON ; Bvt. Lieut, Col.
J. B. M. POTTER.
Chief of Engineers Bvt. Major General A. A. Humphreys.
Chief Clerk F. N. BARBARIN.
Chief of Ordnance Bvt. Major General A. B. DYER.
Inspector of Armories and Arsenals Bvt. Brigadier General WM. MAYNADIER.
Chief Clerk J. P. KELLER.
Judge Advocate General Bvt. Major General JOSEPH HOLT.
Chief Clerk « JAMES M. WRIGHT.
Chief Signal Officer Bvt. Brigadier General A. J. MYER.
Com. of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen Major General O. O. HOWARD.
Asst. Com. in charge of Dist. of Columbia Brigadier General C. II. HOWARD.
Acting Assistant. Adjutant General Brigadier General E. WHITTLESEY.
Commissary of Subsistence Brigadier General GEO. W. BALLOCH.
Chief Medical Officer Bvt. Colonel L. A. EDWARDS.
Commandant Mil. Department at Washington... ~B\t. Major General E. R. S. CANBY.
Assistant Adjutant General Bvt. Colonel J. H. TAYLOR.
U. S. MILITARY ACADEMY, WEST POINT, N. Y.
[Corrected at Military Academy, October 15, 1SGS.]
Inspector Bvt. Major-General EDMUND SCHRIVER, Inspector-General, War Department,
Washington, D. C.
Superintendent..^^. Brigadier-General THOMAS G. PITCHER, Colonel 44th Infantry.
MILITARY STAFF.
Adjutant Bvt. Major EDWARD C. BOYNTON, A. M.
Quartermaster Bvt. Major TULLY McCRE A, Captain 42d Infantry, V. R. C.
Treasurer Captain ROBERT CATLIN, 43d Infantry.
Surgeon U. S. A Bvt. Brig. General THOMAS A. MCPARLIN, M. D.
Assistant Surgeon U. S. A Bvt, Major ELIAS J. MARSH, M. D.
Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. A A. W. WIGGIN, M. D.
18G9.] MILITARY ACADEMY. 109
ACADEMIC STAFF.
Commandant of Cadets and Instructor of Artillery, Cavalry and Infan try Tactics.
HENRY M. BLACK, Bvt. Col. U. S. A., Major 7th Infantry.
Asst. Inst. of Artillery Tactics.... ALEXANDER PIPER, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. 3d Artillery.
Asst. List, of Infantry Tactics... JOHN McL. HILDT, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. 3d Infantry.
Asst. Inst. of Cavalry Tactics ABRAHAM K. ARNOLD, Bvt. Major U. S. A., Capt. 5th Cavalry.
Asst. Inst. of Infantry Tactics... JACOB F. KENT, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. 3d Infantry.
Asst. Inst. of Art. A Inf. Tactics. JOHN EGAN, Bvt. Major U. S. A., Capt. llth Infantry.
Asst. Inst. of Inf. d- Cav. Tactics. ALEXANDER S. CLARKE, Capt. 44th Infantry.
Professor of Military and Civil Engineering.
DENNIS H. MAHAN, LL. D.
Assistant Professor PETER S. MICHIE, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. Engineers.
Acting Assistant Pt^of essor WM. II. H. BENYAURD, Bvt. Major U. S. A., Capt. Engineers.
" " HENRY M. ADAMS, 1st Lieut. Engineers.
Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy,
WILLIAM H. C. BARTLETT, LL. D.
Assistant Professor JOSEPH C. CLARK, Jr., Bvt, Col., Major U. S. Army.
Acting Assistant Professor JAMES MERCUR, 1st Lieut. Engineers.
" MICAH R. BROWN, 1st Lieut. Engineers.
Pivfessor of Mathematics.
ALBERT E. CHURCH, LL. D.
Assistant Professor HERBERT A. HASCALL, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. 5th Artillery.
Acting Assistant Professor GEORGE A. KENSEL, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. 5th Artillery.
" JAMES C. POST, 1st Lieut. Engineers.
" " CHARLES E. L. B. DAVIS, 1st Lieut, Engineers.
HIERO B. HERR, 1st Lieut. 1st Artillery.
" " FRANK SOULE, 2d Lieut. Ordnance.
Professor of Drawing.
ROBERT W. WEIR, N. A.
Assistant Professor JAMES MCMILLAN, Bvt. Major U. S. A., Capt. 2d Infantry.
Acting Assistant Prof essor JOHN S. POLAND, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. 2d Infantry.
Professor of the French Language.
HYACINTH R. AGNEL.
Assistant Professor MALBONE F. WATSON, Bvt. Major U. S. A., Capt. 5th Artillery.
Acting Assistant Professor GEORGE G. GREENOUGH, 1st Lieut. 21st Infantry.
" JAMES O'llARA, 1st Li«ut. 3d Artillery.
" LUIGI LOMIA, 2d Lieut. 5th Artillery.
Chaplain, and Proj 'essor of Ethics and Law.
REV. JOHN W. FRENCH, D. D.
Assistant Professor CHARLES C. PARSONS, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. 4th Artillery.
Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology.
HENRY L. KENDRICK, A. M.
Assistant Professor LORENZO LORAIN, Bvt. Major U. S. A., Capt. 3d Artillery.
Acting Assistant Professor CHARLES SHALER, Jr., 2d Lieut. Ordnance.
Professor of the Spanish Language.
PATRICE DE JANON.
Assistant Professor JAMES O'HARA, 1st Lieut. 3d Artillery.
Acting Assistant Professor LUIGI LOMIA, 2d Lieut. 5th Artillery.
Instructor of Ordnance and Gunnery.
ALFRED MORDECAI, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. Ordnance.
Assistant Instructor. .. FRANK SOULE. Jr., 1st Lieut. Ordnance.
HO TIIE AMERICAN TEAK-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Instructor of Practical Military Engineering, Military Signals, and Telegraphing, and Command
ing Detachment of Engineers.
PETER S. MICHIE, Bvt. Lt, Col. U. S. A., Capt. Engineers.
Sword Master.
ANTONE LORENZ.
APPOINTMENT AND ADMISSION OP CADETS.
I.— Application may be made at any time (by letter to the Secretary of War) by the applicant
himself, his parent, guardian, or any of his friends, that his name may be placed on the register
in the office of the Inspector of the Military Academy at Washington, D. C. The precise age
and permanent abode of the applicant, as, also, the number of the Congressional District an
which he resides, must be stated, and no application will be considered wherein these instruc
tions are not complied with. No preference is given to applications on account of priority,
nor can any information be communicated as to the probable success, of an application before
the appointments are made.
By an act of Congress, the appointment of a person who has served in any capacity in the
military or naval service of the so-called Confederate States is prohibited, and, as a general
rule, no person will be appointed who has had a brother educated in the Academy.
By provision of law, each Congressional and Territorial District and the District of Colum
bia, is entitled to have one Cadet at the Military Academy, and no more. In addition to these,
the appointment annually of a number, not exceeding ten "at large," not confined to a selection
by Congressional Districts, is authorized. The District and Territorial appointments are made
upon the nomination of the member of Congress or Delegate representing the District or Ter
ritory at the date of appointment, and the law requires that the individual selected shall be an
actual resident of the District or Territory, or District of Columbia, from which the appoint
ment purports to be made. The selections "at large" and from the District of Columbia, are
made by the President.
Appointments arc required by law to be made one year in advance of the date of admission,
— that is to say, about the 1st of July in each year, except in instances where it may be imprac
ticable, from any cause, so to make them. Persons, therefore, receiving appointments have
ample time afforded them in which to prepare for a successful examination prior to their ad
mission.
II.— To prevent the disappointment, mortification, and useless expense that might attend the
hcceptance of a Cadet appointment by a person not possessing the necessary qualifications for
admission, and for the instruction and aid of others, the following information is commu
nicated :
Candidates must be over seventeen and under twenty-two years of age at the time of entrance
into the Military Academy ; no modification of the law in this respect can be made ; but any
person who has served honorably and faithfully not less than one year as an officer or enlisted
man in the army of the United States either as a volunteer or in the regular service, during
the war for the suppression of the rebellion, shall be eligible* for appointment up to the age
of twenty-four years. They must be at least five feet in height, and free from any deformity,
disease, or infirmity, which would render them unfit for the military service, and from any
disorder of an infectious or immoral character. They must be able to read and write well,
and perform with facility and accuracy the various operations of the four ground rules of
Arithmetic, of reduction, of simple and compound proportion, and of vulgar and decimal
fractions. The Arithmetic is to be studied understandingly, and not merely committed to
memory. They will also be required to have a knowledge of the elements of English Gram
mar, of Descriptive Geography, particularly of our own country, and of the History of the
United States.
III.— It must be understood that a full compliance with the above conditions will be insisted
on — that is to say : the candidate must write a fair and legible hand, and without any material
mistakes in spelling such sentences as shall be dictated by the examiners ; and he must answer
promptly and without errors, all their questions in the above-mentioned rules of Arithmetic
and in the other branches ; failing in any of these particulars, he will be rejected.
IV.— Every candidate will, soon after his arrival at West Point, be subject to a rigid exami
nation by an experienced Medical Board, and should there be found to exist in him cause of
disqualification to such a degree as will immediately, or in all probability may at no very distant
period, impair his efficiency, he will be rejected.
1SG9.]
ARMY LIST.
Ill
V. — During the months of July and August, the Cadets are engaged in military duties and
exercises, living in camp. The Academic exercises commence the beginning of September.
The semi-annual examination takes place in January. At this time the Cadets are rigidly ex
amined in the subjects they have studied, and the new Cadets, if found proficient therein, (their
conduct having been correct in all respects,) will receive the warrant of Cadet, and take such a
station in their class as their respective merits, as determined at the examination, may entitle
them to. If any have been unable to master the course, they will be pronounced deficient by
the Academic Board, and their connection with the Academy will cease.
"VI. — It is important that it be clearly understood, that this examination, like all subsequent
ones, is very thorough, does not permit any evasion or slighting of the course, and exacts a
very close and persevering attention to study. The examining officers have no option ; they
must reject the deficient.
YII. — In June there is held the "Annual Examination,1" which, in its character of searching
scrutiny, is like the Semi- Annual examination in January. Cadets who have failed to make
the requisite proficiency, and are not likely to succeed in future, are discharged.
YIII. — The pay of a cadet is $41.66 per month, with one ration per day, and is considered
sufficient, with proper economy, for his support.
ARMY LIST.
All officers named in this list are graduates of the Military Academy, except those to whose
names this [*] mark is prefixed.
The column "appointed from," in cases where officers have not served continuously, refers
to the State from which they were last appointed.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Bom in.
Appointed
from.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Bom in.
Appointed
from.
GENERAL OFFICERS.
General.
Fry, James B. 31 Dec. '62 .
111.
111.
Mich.
Penn.
Hartsutt', George L. 1 June, '64.
Kelton, John C. 23 Mar. '66
N. Y..
Penn..
Grant, Ulysses S. 25 July, '66...
Ohio..
111.
Majors.
Lieutenant General.
Williams, Robert 17 July, '62. .
Va...
Va.
Sherman, Wm. T. 25 July, '66..
Ohio..
Ohio.
Whipple, Wm. D. 17 July, '62. .
McKeever, Chauncey 17 July,'62
N. Y.. N. Y.
Md.... Md.
Major Generals.
iRuggles, George D. 17 July, '62. IN. Y. . JN. Y.
Halleck, Henry W. 19 Aug. '61 .
Meade, George G. 18 Aug. '64. .
Sheridan, Philip H. 8 Nov. '64. .
Thomas, George H. 15 Dec. '64.
Hancock,Winfield S. 26 July, '66.
N. Y..
Spain..
Mass . .
Ya . . . .
Penn ..
Cal.
D. C.
Ohio.
Va.
Penn.
Vincent, Thos. M. 17 July, '62.
Greene, Oliver D. 17 July, '62.
Breck, Samuel 17 July, '62
*Sherburne, Jno. P. 17 July,'62.
Chalfin, Samuel F. 17 June, '63.
Pelouze, Louis H. 24 Mar. '64. .
Ohio.. Ohio.
N. Y..IN. Y.
Mass. . Mass.
N. H.. N. H.
Ill Jill.
Penn.. Penn.
Brigadier Generals.
*Wood, Henry C. 24 June, '64. .
Me.... Me.
McDowell, Irvin 14 May, '61 —
Cooke, Philip St. G. 12 Nov. '61.
Ohio..
Va. ..
Ohio.
Va.
*Leet, George K. 23 Mar. '66. ..
Taylor, Joseph H. 30 Mar. '66. .
Penn. .
Ky....
111.
Md.
Pope, John 14 July, '62 i Ky . . . .
Hooker, Joseph 20 Sept. '62 IMass. .
Schofield, John M. 30 Nov. '64. . JN. Y. .
111.
Cal.
111.
INSPECTOR GENERALS.
C/OlOH6l$*
Howard, Oliver O. 21 Dec. '64. .
*Terry, Alfred H. 15 Jan. '65...
Ord. Edward O. C. 26 July, '66.
Canbv, Edward R. S. 28 July,'66.
*Itousseau, Lovell H. 28 Mar.'G7.
Me.... Me.
Conn.. Conn.
Md.... D. C.
Ky....|Ind.
Ky.... Ky.
Marcy, Randolph B. 9 Aug. '61.
Sacket, Delos B. 1 Oct. '61
Schriver, Edmund 13 Mar. '63. .
Hardie, James A. 24 Mar. '64.. .
Mass. .
N. Y..
Penn..
N. Y..
Mass.
N. Y.
N. Y.
N. Y.
Assistant Inspector Generals.
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S DEP'T.
Lieutenant Colonels.
Adjutant General.
Davis, Nelson H. 13 June, '67. .
Mass. .
Mass.
Brigadier General.
Thomas, Lorenzo 3 Aug. '61... .
Del ...
Del.
Totten, James 13 June, '67
Jones, Roger 13 June, '67
Penn..
D. C..
Va.
D.C.
Majors.
Assistant Adjutant Generals.
Baird, Absalom 12 Nov. '61
Penn..
Penn.
Colonels.
*Ludington, E. H. 20 Apr. '64..
Penn..
Va.
Townsend, Edw'd D. 3 Aug.'61.
Mass. .
Mass.
BUREATT OF MILITARY JUSTICE.
Nichols, William A. 1 June, '64.
Penn..
Penn.
Judge Advocate General.
Lieutenant Colonels.
Brigadier General.
*Drum, Richard C. 17 July, '62.
Penn.. 'Penn.
*Holt, Joseph 22 June, '64
Ky.... D.C.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
AKMY LIST. — Continued.
[1869.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Asst. Judge Advocate General.
Hodges, Henry C. 29 July, '66..
Chandler, John G. 18 Jan.'67..
Vt..
Mass. .
Vt.
Mass.
Colonel.
Sawtelle, Chas. G. 18 Jan.'67.
Me....
Me.
*Dunn, Wm. McK. 22 June, '64.
Ind....
Ind.
*Dana, James J. 18 Jan. '67.. .
Mass. .
N. Y.
*Potter, Joseph A. 18 Jan. '67
N. Y..
Mich.
Judge Advocates.
*Batchelder R N 18 Jan '67
N H
N. II.
Penn.
*Ludington, M. I. 18 Jan. '67..
Penn. .
Majors.
*Moore, James M. 13 June, '67
Penn. .
Penn.
*Lieber Guido N 13 Nov '62
S. C.
N Y
*Cliuton, De Witt 27 May, '64. .
N. Y..
N. Y.
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.
*Winthrop, William 19 Sept. '64.
*Burnham, II. B. 31 Oct. '64.. ..
*Dennis, Edgar W. 19 Jan. '65.
Conn..
N. Y..
N. Y..
N. Y.
Penn.
N Y
Commissary Gen. Subsistence.
Brigadier General.
*Barr, Thomas F. 26 Feb. '65. . . Mass. .
*Curtis, Herbert P. 21 June,'65.<Mass. .
Mass.
Mass.
Eaton, Amos B. 29 June,'64
N. Y..
N. Y.
*Goodfellow, Henry 28 Nov.'65.
Penn..
Penn.
Asst. Com. Gens, of Subsistence.
CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER OF THE
Shiras, Alexander E. 9 Feb. '63.
Penn..
N. J.
ARMY.
Kilburn, Charles L. 29 June,'64.
Penn. .
Penn.
Colonel.
Lieutenant Colonels.
*Myer, Albert J. 28 July, '66. ..
N. Y..
N. Y.
Simpson, M. D. L. 9 Feb.'63. . .
N. Y
N. Y.
Clarke, Henry F. 29 June,'64. . .
Penn. .
Penn.
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE GEN
ERAL OF THE ARMY.
Commissaries of Subsistence.
Brigadier General.
Majors.
*Rawlins, John A. 3 Mar. '65. .
Ill
111.
Burns, William W. 3 Aug.'61.. .
Beckwith, Amos 29 Sept. '61
Ohio..
Vt ....
Ohio.
Vt.
*Taylor, John McL. 9 Feb.'CS.
D. C..
Kv.
QUARTERMASTER'S DEP'T.
DuBarry, Beekman 9 Feb.'63..
N. J...
DlC.
Quartermaster General.
Macfeely, Robert 9 Feb. '63
Haines, Thomas J. 9 Feb. '63..
Penn..
N. H..
Penn.
N. H.
Brigadier General.
Bell, George 25 April,'65
Md. . . .
Md.
Meigs, Montg'y C. 15 May, '61..
Ga....
Penn.
Morgan, Michael R. 17 Nov.'65
N.S...
La.
Asst. Quartermaster Generals.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
Colonels.
Surgeon General.
Swords, Thomas 3 Aug. '61 ...
Allen, Robert 28 July, '66
N. Y..
Ohio
N. Y.
Ind
Brigadier General.
Donaldson, Jas. L. 28 July,'66. .
Md...
Md.
*Barnes, Joseph K. 22 Aug.'64.
Penn. .
Penn.
*Rucker, Daniel II. 28 July, '66.
N. J.
Mich.
Clary, Robert E. 29 Julv, '66. ..
Mass. .
Mass.
Assistant Surgeon General.
Ingalls, Rul'us 29 July, '66
Me....
Me.
Colonel.
Dep. Quartermaster Generals.
*Crane, Charles H. 28 July,'66. .
R.I....
Mass.
Lieutenant Colonels.
Chief Medical Purveyor.
Miller. Morris S. 29 July, '66
N Y
N Y
Easton. Langdon C. 29 July,'66.
Mo. . . .
Mo.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Van Vliet, Stewart 29 July, '66.
N. Y..
N. Y.
*Satterlee, Rch'd S. 28 July,'66.
N. Y..
Mich.
Kirkham, Ralph W. 29 July,'66.
Mass. .
Mass.
McFerran, John C. 29 July,'66..
Holabird, Samuel B. 29 July,'66.
Tyler, Robert O. 29 Julv, '66. ..
Ky....
Conn..
N. Y..
Ky.
Conn.
Conn.
Assistant Medical Purveyors.
Lieutenant Colonels.
*Tompkins, Chs. H. 29 July,'66.
*Ekin, James A. 29 July, '66. ..
Myers, Frederick 4 Mar. '67
Va . . . .
Penn.
Conn..
N. Y.
Penn.
Conn.
*McDougall, Chas. 28 July.'66..
*Murray, Robert 28 July,'66. . . .
*Sutherland, Chas. 28 July,'66..
Ohio..
Md. . . .
Penn. .
Ind.
Md.
Penn.
*Baxter, Jed'h H. 20 July,'67. . .
Vt . . . .
Vt.
Quartermasters.
Majors.
Surgeons.
Montgomery, Alex. 17 May, '61
Moore, Tredwell 28 Julv, '66..
Penn. .
Ohio..
Penn.
Ohio.
Majors.
*Wood. Robert C. 4 July,'36. .
R. I...
R.I.
Ransom, Hyatt C. 28 July, '66.
N. Y..
N. Y.
*Randall, Burton 7 July,'38. . .
Md. . . .
Md.
Eddy, Asher R. 29 July, '66. . .
R.I...
R.I.
*McLarcn, Adam N. 30 June,'39
Scot'd.
S. C.
Haxton, Rufus 29 July, '66
Mass. .
Mass.
*Wright, Jos. J. B. 26 Mar.'44.
Penn..
Penn.
Bingham, Judson D. 29 July,'66.
N. Y..
Tnd
*Cuyler, John M. 16 Feb.'47. . .
Ga . . . .
Ga.
Perry, Alex. J. 29 July, '66
Conn..
Conn.
*Miils, Madison 16 Feb.'47. . . .
N. Y..
N. Y.
1869.]
ARMY LIST.
ARMY LIST. — Continued.
113
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Bora in.
Appointed
from.
Xame, rank, and date of Commission.
Bora in.
Appointed
from.
*Abadic. Eugene II. 24July,'53. Fr'ce..
Penn.
*McCormiek, Chas. 7 Dec. '53... D. C..
D. C.
Paymasters.
*Laub, Charles II. 17 Oct.'54. . . D. C. .
D.C.
•Simpson, Josiah 12 Aug. '55. . . N. J. . .
Penn.
Majors.
•Sloan, William J. 20 Dec. '55. .
•King, William S. 29 Aug.'56.. .
•Simons, James 29 Aug.*56
•Ilolden, Levi II. 23 April,'60. .
*Keencv. Chas. C. 23 June,'60. .
•Head, John P. 6 Sept.'60
•Edwards, Lewis A. 19 Feb.'61.
•Hammond, John F. 25 Feb. '61.
•Bailv, Elisha J. 15 Mav,'(51 ....
•Cooper, Geo. E. 21 May,'61... .
•Swift, Ebenezer 21 May,'61...
*Perin, Glover 21 May, '61
Penn..
Penn. .
S. C...
R.I...
N. Y..
Mass..
D. C..
S. C...
Penn. .
Penn. .
Mass..
Ohio..
N. Y
Penn.
Penn.
S. C.
R.I.
Mich.
Mass.
D.C.
S. C.
Penn.
Penn.
Ohio.
Ohio.
N. Y.
Va.
Md.
Mich.
Md.
Va.
N. Y.
Penn.
Va.
Md.
N. Y.
Ind.
Conn.
£yY.
Md.
La.
N.Y.
Penn.
Ark.
N.Y.
Penn.
Penn.
Penn.
N.Y.
Penn.
Mass.
Mel.
Md.
Penn.
N Y
Leslie, Thomas J. 27 Nov.'IS. . .
Alvord, Benjamin 22 June,'54. .
Hunt, Franklin E. 2 Mar.'55
f-?8'a:
N. J
Penn.
Vt.
N J
'Prince, Henry 23 May '55
Me....
Ind....
N.Y...
Ill
Penn. .
Penn. .
Mass..
N.Y...
Mich..
Mass..
Penn. .
Vt . . . .
Mass. .
R. I...
Penn..
Mich..
Peun..
Ohio . .
N.Y...
Penn..
D.C...
S. C...
N. J...
N Y..
Me.
Ind.
N.Y.
Kan.
Del.
Penn.
Mass.
Minn.
Mo.
111.
Penn.
Ky.
111.
R.I.
Cal.
Mich.
Penn.
Ohio.
N.Y.
W. T.
D.C.
?-;eg-
N Y
Woods, Samuel 24 Dec. '56. . . .
Seward, Aug. II. 27 Mar.'61 ....
•Kinzie, Robert A. 2 May, '61. .
*Febiger, Geo. L. 3May,'61...
*Taggart, David 30 May,'61
Pratt, Henry C. 14 June,'61
•Smith, Simeon 29 Aug.'61
•Lamed, Chas. T. 30 Aug.'61...
•Wright, Edward 23 Feb.'64 . . .
•Brua, John P. 23 Feb. '04
•Smith, Rodney 23 Feb. '64
Eaton, Joseph H. 21 Apr.'64. .
*Potter, Jas. B. M. 15 July.'64..
•Ihrie, George P. 14 Apr.'66. . . .
•Backer, Win. A. 16 Apr.'66 . . .
•Walker, Robert C. 4 May,'66. .
•Johnston, Win. H. 28 July,'06.
•Pomeroy, George 28 July,'66. .
*Steinberger, Justus 8 Nov.'66.
•Moore, William G. 14 Nov.'66
*Gibson, William R. 17 Jan.'67.
*Halsey, Thomas II. 17 Jan. '07.
*Rochester, Wm. B. 17 Jan T.7
•Campbell, John 21 May,'61.
•Summers, John E. 21 May,'61. Va
•McParlin, Thos. A. 21 May,'61. Md.. ..
•Brown Joseph B. 4July.'61. N Y
•Haspon, Alex. B. 17 Aug.'Ol...
•Macrmder. David L. 16 Apr-'62.
•Milhau. John J. 16 Apr.'02
*V.Tirtz, Horace R. 10 Apr.'62...
•Paere, Charles 16 Anr.'02
•Xorri* Ba«il 16 Apr '62
Md. . . .
Md....
Fr'ce..
Penu..
Va . . . .
Md....
N. Y..
Ind....
Conn. .
Ind. T.
N. Y..
Md. . . .
Va . . . .
Irel'd .
Aust..
Ch. N.
D. C..
Penn. .
Penn..
Penn..
N. Y..
Penn. .
N. II..
Md....
Md. . . .
Penn..
N. Y
•Vollum, Edw. P. 12 May ,'62...
•Moore, John 11 June, '02
*Smith, Andrew K. 11 June,'62.
•Alexander. R. II. 11 June,'62..
•Smith. Joseph R. 11 June,'02..
•Ghiselin, Jas. T. 14 June,'62..
•Randolph, John F. 27 Aug.'62.
•Irwin, Bern'd J. D. 16 Sept. '62.
•Heger, Anthony 17 Sept. '62. . .
•Alexander, Chas. T. 9 Feb. '63.
•Clements, B. A. 27 Feb. '63.. . .
•Daily, Joseph C. 1 Dec. '64
•McKce, James C. 22 Dec. '64...
•Bill, Joseph II. 28 Julv,'66
•Peters, DeWittC. 28 July '66..
•Alden, Charles II. 28 Julv,'66..
•Webster. Warren 28 July,'66. .
•Bvrne. Charles C. 28 July,'66..
•Wanner, Clinton 28 Julv,'66. . .
•Wright, Joseph P. 28 July,'66.
•Gray, Chas. C. 28 July, "66. . . .
*Reese, Henry B. 17 Jan. '67. . . .
•Hodge, John L. 17 Jan. '67
•Sprague, Charles J. 17Jan.'67..
•Vedder. Nicholas 17 Jan. '67. . .
•Judd, Edwin D. 17 Jan. '67
•Hanna, Valentine C. 17 Jan.'67.
*Smith, William 17 Jan. '67
•Smith, John W. 17 Jan. '67 . .
•Terrell, Charles M. 17 Jan. '67..
*Stanton, Thad. II. 17 Jan. '67. .
•Glenn, George E. 17 Jan. '67..
•Burbank, Jacob E. 17 Jan. '67 .
•Mayer, Brantz 17 Jan. '67
•Nicholls, James W. 17 Jan. '67.
•Clarke, Robert D. 17 Jan. '67. .
•Nelson, James II. 17 Jan. '67.
•Walker, John S. 17 Jan,'67. . . .
•Wingard, Chas. W. 17 Jan. '67.
•Canby, James P. 17 Jan. '67. .
•Hall/Peter P. G. 17 Jan. '67. . .
•Candee, George W. 17 Jan/67.
•Brooke, Edmund II. 17 Jan. '67.
•Dewey, Israel O. 17 Jan. '67
Ohio..
Penn. .
Me...
N.Y...
Conn..
Ind....
Vt . . . .
Conn..
Ind....
Ind....
Ohio . .
Penn..
Md....
D.C...
Penn. .
Mich..
Me....
Penn. .
Del....
Penn..
N. J.
Md...
Vt ...
Ohio.
Penn.
Cal.
111.
Conn.
Ind.
Minn.
Mo.
Ky.
Iowa.
Ohio.
Ind.
Md.
Tenn.
Penn.
Mich.
Me.
Penn.
Del.
Penn.
111.
Md.
N.H.
•Spencer. Win. C. 28 July.'66..
•Town, Francis L. 20 Oct.'66...
•Mechcm, Abel F. 16 June,'67. .
•Bache, Dallas 5 Aug.'07
•Frver, Blencoe E. 30 Oct.'67.
•Frantz, John II. 19 Dec.'67. . . .
•Goddard, Chas. E. 6 Jan.'68...
N. Y..
N. II..
Md. . . .
D. C..
Eng'd.
Penn..
N. Y..
N.Y.
Penn.
Md.
Penn.
Penn.
Md.
N.Y.
PAY DEPARTMENT.
•Dana, Samuel 7 Mar.'67 .
•Pearce, Sam'l A., Jr. 9 Mar.'67.
Mass..
R.I...
Mass.
R.I.
Paymaster General.
•Mears, James R. 13 Mar.'67. . .
N.Y...
Wis.
Srif/adier General.
•Allison. Thomas S. 1 Apr.'67..
Penn..
N. J.
Brice, Benjamin W. 28 July,'66.
Va....
Ohio.
*Ettinar, Frank M. 13 Apr/67. . .
•Morrow. Robert 9 May,'07
Penn. .
Tenn..
Penn.
Tenn.
Assistant Paymaster Generals.
Colonels.
Carey, Asa B. 5 Oct.'67
•Stewart, Isaac S. 18 Oct.'07. . .
Conn. .
Ind....
Conn.
Ind.
•Brown, Nathan W. 28 Julv,'66.
N. Y. .
N.Y.
McClure, Daniel 28 July,'66. . . .
Ind....
Ind.
CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Deputy Paymaster Generals.
Lieutenant Colonels.
'
Chief of Engineers.
•Leonard. Hiram 6 Sept. '62
Vt . . .
N.Y.
Brigadier General.
Fry. Cary II. 2S Jnly,'6(j I Ky. . . .
Ky.
Humphreys, And. A. 8 Ang.'GR. .
Penn..
D.C.
114
TEE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
ARMY LIST. — Continued.
[18G9.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Name, rank, and date of Commission,
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Colonels.
,Crispin. Silas 7 Mar/67 Penn. .
Penn.
Cram, Thomas J. 23 Nov/65... .
Barnard, John G. 28 Dec/65
Cullum, George W. 7 Mar/67...
Benham, Henry W. 7 Mar/67.. .
Macomb, John N. 7 Mar/67
N. n..
Mass..
N. Y..
Conn..
N. Y..
N. H.
Mass.
Penn.
Conn.
N. Y.
:Todd, John W. 7 Mar/67 Ky . . . .
Treadwell, Thos. J. 7 Mar/67.. N. H..
Baylor, Thos. G. 7 Mar/67 Va . . .
Ky.
N. H.
Va,
Penn.
Mass.
'Poi'ter, Horace 7 Mar/67 Penn. .
Edson, Theodore 15 Dec/67 Mass. .
Simpson James II 7 Mar/67.
N J ..
N.J.
ENGINEER BATTALION.
Lieutenant Colonels.
Woodruff, Israel C. 15 Aug/64..
Tower, Zealous B. 11 Nov/65. .
N.J...
Mass..
N.J.
Mass.
Major.
Abbot, Henry L. 11 Nov/65. . . .
Mass . .
Mas.
Wright, Horatio G. 23 Nov/65. .
Newton, John 28 Dec/65
Conn. .
Va. . . .
Conn.
Va.
FIRST REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Thorn George 10 July, '66
N H
N H.
n 7 7
Kurtz! John&D. 8 Aug/66." '...'.
Alexander, Barton S. 7 Mar/67.
D.C...
Ky....
D.C.
Ky.
Colonel.
*Blake, Geo. A. II. 15 Feb/62. .
Penn..
Penn.
Raynolds, William F. 7 Mar/67.
Stewart, Charles S. 7 Mar/67.. .
Blunt, Charles E. 7 Mar/67
Ohio . .
At sea.
N. H..
Ohio.
N.J.
N. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
*Elliott, Wash. L. 31 Aug/66...
Penn. .
Penn.
Foster, John G. 7 Mar/67
Duane, James C. 7 Mar/67
N. H..
N. Y..
N. H.
N. Y.
Majors.
Otis, Elmer 9 May,'64
Mass..
Ohio.
Majors.
'Norris, Chas. E. 31 Aug/66 ilnd... .
Ind.
Williamson, Robt. S. 7 May,'63.
N. Y..
N.J.
*Green, John 9 June, '68 IGerm..
Army.
Gillmore, Quincy A. 1 June/63.
Prime, Frederick E. 1 June,'G3.
Ohio . .
Italy . .
Ohio.
N. Y.
SECOND REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Casey, Thomas L. 2 Oct/63
N. Y..
R. I.
Colonel
Michler, Nathaniel 22 Apr/64..
Parke, John G. 17 June/64
Penn..
Penn..
Penn.
Penn.
Palmer, Innis N. 9 June/68
N. Y..
N.Y.
Warren, Gouv'r K. 25 June,'64.
Mendell, George H. 15 Aug.Mty.
Abbot, Henry L. 11 Nov/65. . . .
N Y
N. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
j*Brackett, Albert G. 9 June,'68.
N. Y..
Ind.
Penn. .
Mass . .
Penn.
Mass.
Craighill, Wm. P. 23 Nov/65. . .
Comstock,- Cyrus B. 28 Dec/65..
Wheeler, Junius B. 10 July,'66.
Weitzel, Godfrey 8 Aug/66
Poe Orlando M" 7 Mar/67.
Va
Mass..
N. C...
Ohio . .
Ohio
Va.
Mass.
N. C.
Ohio.
Ohio
Majors.
Sweitzer, Nelson B. 28 July,'66.
Rowland, Geo. W. 1 Dec/66.. . .
*Brisbin, James S. 1 Jan/68. . .
Penn..
R.I...
Penii..
Penn.
R.I.
Penn.
Houston, David C. 7 Mar/67.. . .
McAlester, Miles D. 7 Mar/67. .
N. Y..
N. Y..
N. Y.
Mich.
THIRD REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Elliot, George H. 7 Mar/67
Robert, Henry M. 7 Mar/67
Merrill, Wm. E. 7 Mar/67
Mass..
S.C...
Wis...
Mass.
Ohio.
At 1'ge
Colonel.
Grier, William N. 31 Aug/66. . .
Penn. .
Penn.
Reese, Chauncey B. 7 Mar/67. .
McFarland, Walter 7 Mar/67. . .
Bowen, Nicolas 7 Mar/67
N. Y..
N.J...
N. Y..
N.Y.
N.Y.
N.Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Roberts, Benj. S. 28 July,'66. . .
Vt . . . .
Iowa.
Babcock, Orville E. 21 Mar/67..
Vt
Vt.
•
Wilson, John M. 3 June,'67 —
D.C...
W. T.
Majors.
! Whiting, Chas. J. 17 Julv,'62. . .
Mass..
Cal.
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.
*Lanc, William B. 9 Nov/66. . .
Ky....
Army.
Evans, Andrew W. 10May,'67..
Md....
Md.
Chief of Ordnance.
Brigadier General.
FOURTH REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Dyer, Alexander B. 12 Sept/64.
Va
Mo.
Colonel.
Colonels.
*Graham, Lawr'ceP. 9May,'64.
Va . . . .
Va.
Mavnadier, William 1 Jnnc,'63.
Md...
D.C.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Whitelev.Robt. H. K. 6 Apr/66.
Banner Peter V. 7 Mar/67
Md....|Del.
D. C. D C
*Carleton, Jas. II. 31 July,'66. . .
Majors.
Me....
Me.
Lieutenant Colonels.
Hatch, John P. 27 Oct/63 .
N. Y..
N. Y.
Callcnder, Frank. D. 6 Apr/66..
N. Y..
N. Y.
*Cram, Geo. C. 12 Oct/67 N. Y. .
N. Y.
Kin^sburv Chas P 22 Dec :66
N Y !TvT C
Gordon, Geo. A. 1 Nov/67
Va .... N. Y.
Rod7nan, 'Thos. J. 7 Mar/67. . . .
Ind....
Ind.
Laidley, Theo. T. S. 7 Mar/67. .
Va . . . .
Va.
FIFTH REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Majors.
Colonel.
Benton, James G. 15 Sept/63.. .
N. n..
N. II.
Emory, William H. 27 Oct/63. .
Md. . . .
Md.
McXutt, John 12 Sept/64
McAllister, Julian 6 Apr/66
Ohio..
N. Y..
Ohio.
Ga.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Benet, Stephen V. 22 Dec/66...
*Duncari, Thomas 28 July/66..
Ill
111.
1869.]
ARMY LIST.
LIST. — Continued.
115
Xame, rank, and date of Commission.
Born iu.
Appointed
from.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Majors.
FIRST REG'T OF ARTILLERY.
Carr, Eugene A. 17 Julv,'62. ... N. Y. . N. Y.
*RoyalI, William B. 7 Dec.'63. . ! Va .. . . jMo.
*Crittenden,Eug.W.2SJuly,'66.;Ky. ... Ky.
Colonel.
Vogdes, Israel 1 Aug.'63
Penn. .
Penn.
Lieutenant Colonel.
SIXTH REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Haskin, Joseph A. 26 July,'66
N. Y
N. Y.
Colonel.
Oakes Jame^ 31 July '66
Penn. .
Penn.
Majors.
Brannan John M 1 Aug '63
D C
TIN?.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Hamilton, John 13 Aug.'66
At sea. Ind.
Sturgis, Samuel D. 27 Oct.'63.. .
Penn. .
Penn.
Best, Clermont L. 5 Feb.'67
N. Y..
N. Y.
Majors.
SECOND REG'T OF ARTILLERY.
*Morrisl Robert M. 11 Mar.'63..
D.C...
D.C.
Colonel.
*Starr, Samuel H. 25 Apr. '63. . .
Lowe, Wm. W. 31 July,'66
N. Y..
Ind....
Army.
Iowa.
Barry William F 11 Dec '65
N. Y
N. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
SEVENTH REG'T OF CAVALRY.
French, William H. 8 Feb.'64. .
Md. . . .
D.C.
Colonel.
Majors.
Smith, Andrew J. 28 July,'66. . .
Penn. .
Penn.
Allen, Harvey A. 1 Aug.'63
N. C..
N. C.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Custer, George A. 28 July,'66. . .
Ohio..
Ohio.
Beckwith, Edw. G. 8 Feb. '64. . .
Tidball, John C. 5 Feb.'67
N. Y..
Va . . . .
N. Y.
Ohio.
Majors.
THIRD REG'T OF ARTILLERY.
Gibbs, Alfred 28 July,'66
*Elliott, Joel H. 7 Mar.'67
Tilford, Joseph G. 14Nov.'67...
N. Y.. N. Y.
Ind.... Ind.
Ky.... Ky.
Colonel.
Sherman, Thos. W. 1 June,'63..
R.I...
R. L
Lieutenant Colonel.
EIGHTH REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Hunt, Henry J. 1 Aug.'63
Ohio..
Ohio.
Colonel.
Majors.
*Gregg, John I. 28 July,'66
Lieutenant Colonel.
Penn. .
Penn.
Gibson, Aug. A. 25 July, '63
*DeIlussv, G. A. 26 Julv,'6(>
Gibson, Horatio G. 5Feb.'67. . .
Me....
N. Y..
Md. . . .
Me.
Va.
Penn.
*Deven, Thos. C. 28 July,'66. . .
N. Y..
N. Y.
Majors.
FOURTH REG'T OF ARTILLERY.
*Alcxander. And. J. 28 July,'66.iKy. . . .
Mo.
Colonel.
*Price, William R. 28 July,'66.. Ohio. Ohio.
Brooks Horace 1 Au"1 '63
Mass..
Mass.
*Cleridenin, David R. 22 Jan. '66.
Penn..: 111.
Lieutenant Colonel.
NINTH REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Roberts, Joseph 11 Aug.'63
Del....
Del.
Colonel.
*Hatch, Edward 28 July,'66. . . .
Me....
Iowa.
Majors.
Howe, Albion P. 11 Aug. '63. . . .
Stewart Joseph 11 Dec. 65
Me...
Ky....
Me.
Ky.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Morgan, Chas. H. 5 Feb.'67. . . .
N. Y..
N. Y.
Merritt, Weeley 28 July,'66
N. Y..
111.
FIFTH REG'T OF ARTILLERY.
Majors.
Colonel.
*Wade, James F. 28 July,'66. . .
*Forsyth, Geo. A. 28 July.'67...
*Morrow, Albert P. 6 Mar .'67. .
Ohio..
Penn. .
Ill
Ohio.
111.
Penn.
Burton, Henry S. 11 Aug.'63
Lieutenant Colonel.
N. Y..
Vt.
Hill, Bennett H. 1 Aug.'63
D. C..
D.C.
TENTH REG'T OF CAVALRY.
Majors. '
Colonel.
*Grierson, Benj. H. 28 July,'66.
Penn..
111.
Havs, William 1 Aug.'63
Andrews, Geo. P. 28 July,'66.. .
Seymour, Truman 13Aug.'66...
Va....
Conn..
Vt . . . .
Tenn.
N. C.
Vt.
Lieutenant Colonel.
FIRST REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Davidson, John W. 1 Dec. '66.. .
Va....
Va.
Colonel.
Majors.
Buchanan Rob't C. 8 Feb. '64. . .
Md....
D.C.
Forsyth, James W. 28 July,'66..
*Kidd. Meredith II. 6 Mar.'67. .
Ohio..
Ind....
Ohio.
Ind.
Lieutenant Colonel.
*Yard, John E. 7 Mar.'67
Peira..lCal.
Wood, William H. 3 Dec.'63. . . .
Mass..
Mass.
116
THE AMERICAN
ARMY
YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
LIST. — Continued.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Major.
EIGHTH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Gibson, George 12 Jan. '68.
Penn..
Penn.
SECOND REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Bomford, Jas. V. 18 May,'64. . . .
N. Y..
D.C.
Colonel.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Burbank, Sidney 16 Sept.'62. . . .
Mass..
Mass.
*Edie, John R. 13 Sept.'64
Penn. .
Penn.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Major.
*Crawford, Sam'lW. 17Feb.'64.
Penn..
Penn.
Cogswell, Milton 8 Oct.'l64
Ind....
Ind.
Major.
NINTH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Collins, Joseph B. 20 Jan.'65. .
D.C...
D.C.
Colonel.
THIRD REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*King, John H. 30 July,'65
Mich..
Mich.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Colonel.
Hoffman, William 25 Apr.'62. . .
N. Y..
N.Y.
*Woodruff, D. 26 Mar.'68
N. J...
N.J.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Sully, Alfred 28 July,'66
Penn..
Penn.
Major.
Mack, Oscar A. 19 June,'66
N.H..
N. H.
Major.
TENTH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Douglass, Henry 28 July,'66
N. Y..
N.Y.
Colonel.
Alexander, Edm'd B. 3 Mar.'55.
Ky....
Ky.
FOURTH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Flint, Franklin F. 8 July,'68.. . .
N.H..
Mass.
Sidell, William H. 6 May,'64. . . .
N. Y..
N. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Slemmer, Adam J. 8 Feb.'64. . .
Penn, .
Penn.
Majm\
*McKibbin, David B. 15 Sept.'67
Penn. .
Penn.
Major.
HTH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Dye, Wm. McE. 14 Jan.'66
Penn. .
Ohio.
Colonel.
FIFTH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Ketchum, William S. 6 May,'64.
Conn..
Conn.
Colonel.
Lieutenant Colonel.
*Butterfield, Daniel 1 July,'63. .
N. Y..
N.Y.
Granger, Robert S. 12 June,'65.
Ohio..
Ohio.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Major.
Sykes, George 16 Oct. '63
Md. . . .
Md. .
Huston, Daniel, Jr. 1 Aug.'63..
Me....
N. Y.
Major.
12TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
English, Thos. C. 27 Aug.'G3. . .
Penn. .
Penn.
Colonel.
SIXTH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Augur, Christop'r C. 15 Mar.'66.
N. Y..
Mich.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Colonel.
Floyd- Jones, DeL. 25 June, '67..
N. Y..
N.Y.
* Wallace, Geo. W. 15 Mar.'66..
Penn. .
Penn.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Clitz Henry B 4 Nov '63
N. Y..
Mich.
Major.
Maynadier, Henry E. 4 Nov.'63.
Va. . . .
D.C.
Majors.
13TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Rov James P 16 Fob '65
Enfr\l .
Va
Williams, Geo. A. 15 Mar.'f>6. . .
N.Y.
Colonel.
Reeve, Isaac V. D. 14 Oct.'64. . .
N. Y..
N. Y.
SEVENTH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Colonel.
*Andrews, Geo. L. 14 Oct. '64..
R. I...
Mo.
*Sprague, John T. 12 June,'65..
Mass..
Mass.
Major.
Lieutenant Colonel.
*Clinton, William 17 Feb. '64. . .
Penn. .
Penn.
Gilbert, Chas. C. 8 July,'68
Ohio..
Ohio.
14TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Majors.
Black, Henry M. 25 Julv,'63. . . .
Penn. .
Penn.
Colonel.
Blunt, Matthew M. 30 July, '65..
N. Y..
N. Y.
|*Lovell, Charles S. 16 Feb.'65. .
Mass..
Army.
ARMY LIST.
ARMY LIST. — Continued.
117
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Bom in.
Appointed
from.
.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Lieutenant Colonel.
21sT REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Wallen, Henry D. 30 July,'65...
Ga
Fla.
Colonel.
Major.
Stoneman, George 28 July,'66..
X Y
X. Y..
Freedley, Henry W. 31 Dec.'67.
Penn. .
Penn.
Lieutenant Colonel.
15TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Carroll, Samuel S. 22 Jan.'67. . .
D.C...
D.C.
Colonel.
Major.
Shepherd, Oliver L. 21 Jan.'63. .
X. Y..
X. Y.
*Anderson, T. M. 26 Mar.'68. . .
Ohio..
Ohio.
Lieutenant Colonel.
22D REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Hayden, Julius 28 July,'6G
X. Y..
Fla.
Colonel.
Major.
Stanley, David S. 28 July,'66. . .
Ohio..
Ohio.
Hudson, E. McK. 4 Xov.'65. . . .
Conn. .
Conn.
Lieutenant Colonel.
16TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Otis, Elwell S. 28 July, '66
Md....
X. Y.
Colonel.
Major.
Sibley, Caleb C. 20 Apr.'64
Mass..
Mass.
Chambers, Alex. 5 Mar.'67
X. Y..
X. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
23D REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Maloney, Maurice 21 June,'67.
Irel'd..
Army.
Colonel.
Major.
*Davis, Jefferson C. 28 July,'66.
Ind....
Ind.
*Sweeney, Thos. W. 20 Oct,'63.
Irel'd..
X. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
17TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Crook, Goorge 28 July,'66
Ohio..
Ohio.
Colonel.
Major.
Heintzelman, S. P. 14 May,'61. .
Penn..
Penn.
Marshall, Louis H. 16 Oct.'63...
Va....
Md.
Lieutenant Colonel.
24TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Hayman, Sam'IB. 15Sept.'67..
Penn. .
Penn.
Colonel.
Major.
Gillem, Alvan C. 28 July,'66.. . .
Tenn..
Tenn.
Gay, Ebenezer 16 Sept. '67
X. H..
X. H.
Lieutenant Colonel.
18TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Ames, Adelbert 28 July,'66
Me....
Me.
Colonel.
Major.
*Carrington, H. B. 14 May,'61..
Conn. .
Ohio.
*Dudley, X. A. M. 13 Sept.^..
Mass..
Mass.
Lieutenant Colonel.
25TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Wessells, Henry W. 16 Feb.'65.
Conn. .
Conn.
Colonel.
Major.
Granger, Gordon 28 July/GG.. . .
N. Y..
X. Y.
Van Voast, James 29 Dec.'63. . .
X. Y..
X. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
19TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Upton, Emory 28 July. '66
X. Y..
X. Y.
Colonel.
Major.
Daweon, Sam'l K. 28 July,'66. . .
Penn. .
Penn.
Swaine, Peter T. 29 Dec.'65
X. Y..
X. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Lugenbeel, Pinck'y 25 June,'67.
Md....
Ohio.
26TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Colonel.
Major.
Latimer, Alfred E. 25 June,'67..
S. C..
S. C.
Reynolds, Joseph J. 28 July,'66.
Ky....
Ind.
Lieutenant Colonel.
20TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
McCook, Alex. McD. 5Mar.'67..
Ohio..
Ohio.
Colonel.
Sykes, George 12 Jan '68
Md....
Md.
Major.
*Bootes, Levi C. 20 Sept.'63
D.C...
Army.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Hunt, Lewis C. 29 Mar.'68
Wis...
Mo.
27TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Major.
Colonel.
Xeill, Thomas II. 26 Aug.'63. . .
Penn..
Penn.
*Smith, John E. 28 July,'66. . . .
Penn..
111.
118
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
ARMY LIST. — Continued.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Lieutenant Colonel,
34TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Bradley, Luther P. 28 July,'66.
Conn..
in.
Colonel.
Major.
*Peunypacker, G. 28 July,'GG...
Penn..
Penn.
Townsend, Ed. F. 22 June,'68. .
N. Y..
Wis.
Lieutenant Colonel.
28TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Kautz, August V. 28 July,'GG.. .
Ger'y..
Ohio.
Colonel.
Major.
*Smith, Charles II. 28 July,'6G. .
Me....
Me.
Carlin, William P. 8 Feb. '64. . . .
111......
111.
Lieutenant Colonel.
35TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Ayres, Romeyii B. 28 July,'66. .
N. Y..
N. Y.
Colonel.
Major.
Doubleday, Ahner 15 Sept. '67..
N. Y..
N. Y.
*Ross, Samuel 8 July '68.
N. Y..
Iowa.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Wilson, James H. 28 Julv,'66
Ill
111.
29TH REG T OF INFANTRY.
Colonel.
Major.
Willcox, Orlando B. 28 July,'(56.
Mich..
Mich.
Mason, John S. 14 Oct.'64
Ohio..
Ohio.
Lieutenant Colonel.
36TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Buell, George P. 28 July,'G6. . .
Ind....
Ind.
Colonel.
Major.
Gibbon, John 28 July,'6G
Penn. .
N. C.
*Bissell, Lyman 4 Mar/64
Conn..
Conn.
Lieutenant Colonel.
30TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Morrow, Henry A. 28 July,'G8.
Va....
Mich.
Colonel.
Major.
*Stevenson, John D. 28 July,'C6.
Ya....
Mo.
Lewis, William H. 14 July,'G4. .
Ala....
N. Y.
Lieutenant Colonel.
37TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Po'tter, Joseph H. 28 July,'66.. .
N. H..
N. H.
Colonel.
Major.
Getty, George W. 28 July,'G6...
D.C...
D.C.
Dodge, Richard I. 21 June,'64
N C
N C
4
Lieutenant Colonel.
31sT REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Brocke, John R. 28 July,'66...
Penn..
Penn.
Colonel.
Major.
*DeTrobriand, P. R. 28 July,'6G.
Fra'ce.
N. Y.
Fleming, Hugh B. 28 July, '66. .
Penn..
Penn.
Lieutenant Colonel.
38TH REG'T OP INFANTRY.
Bowman, And. W. 6 June, '67. .
Penn..
Penn.
Colonel.
Major.
Hazcn, William B. 28 July,'66. .
Vt
Ohio.
Whistler, Jos. N. G. 31 Dec.'64.
Wis...
Fla.
Lieutenant Colonel.
32o REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Grover, Cuvier 28 July, '66
Me....
Me.
Colonel.
Major.
*Crittenden,Thos. L. 28 July,'66
Ky....
Ky.
*Merriam, Henry C. 28 July,'6G.
Me....
Me.
Licwtcfictnt OoloTicl.
Dent, Frederick T. 31 Dec.'67. .
Mo. . . .
Mo.
39TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Major.
Chapin, Gurden 18 May,'64
D.C...
Va.
Colonel.
*Mower, Joseph A. 28 July,'6G.
Vt
Conn.
Lieutenant Colonel.
33D REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Wheaton, Frank 28 July,'G6.. .
R.I...
R.I.
Colonel.
Major.
Ruger, Thomas II. 28 July,'66. .
N. Y..
Wis.
Bliss, Zenas R. 6 Aug.'G7
R.I...
R.L
Lieutenant Colonel.
Woods, Charles R. 28 July,'66..
Ohio.
Ohio.
40TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Major.
Colonel.
Wilkins, John D. 6 May,'64. . . .
N. Y..
Penn.
*Miles, Nelson A. 28 July,'66. . .
Mass..
Mass.
1869.]
ARMY LIST.
ARMY LIST. — Continued.
119
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Name, rank, and date of Commission.
Born in.
Appointed,
from.
Lieutenant Colonel.
43D REG'T OF INFANTRY.
*Hinks, Edward W. 28 July/66.
Me....
Mass.
Colonel.
*Robinson, John C. 28 July '66
N Y
N. Y.
Major.
*Compton, Chas. E. 28 July,'66.
N. J...
Iowa. .
Lieutenant Colonel.
*Kiddo, Joseph B. 28 July,'66. .
Penn..
Penn.
41sT REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Major.
Colonel.
Hardin, Martin D. 28 July,'66. .
HI
111.
Mackenzie, Ranald S. 6 Mar. '67.
N. Y..
Atl'ge.
44TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Colonel.
Lieutenant Colonel.
*Shaftcr, Win. R. 28 July,'(56. . .
Mich..
Mich.
Pitcher, Thos. G. 28 July,'66. . .
Lieutenant Colonel.
Ind....
Ind.
Major.
Webb, Alex. S. 28 July,'66
N. Y..
N. Y.
*Schofleld, Geo. W. 28 Jnly,'66.
N. Y..
Mo.
Major.
*Lewis, John R. 22 Jan. '67 Penn. .
Vt.
42D REG'T OF INFANTRY.
45TH REG'T OF INFANTRY.
Colonel.
*Sickles, Daniel E. 28 July,'66..
X. Y..
N. Y.
Colonel.
*Swayne, Wager 28 Jnlv.'OO. . . .
Ohio...
Ohio.
Lieutenant Colonel.
Lieutenant Cdond.
*Mdntosh, John B. 28 July,'66.
Fla. , . .
Atl'ge.
*Woodward, Geo. A. 28 July,"66. Penn. .
Penn.
Major.
Major.
*Rodenbough, T. P. 28 July,'6G.
Pcnn..
Penn.
*Rnnklc, Ben.]. P. 28 July,'06. . . -Ohio...
Ohio.
RETIRED FROM ACTIVE SERVICE.
Name, rank, Regiment or Corps, and date of
Commission.
Born in.
Appointed
from.
Name, rank, Regiment or Corps, and date of
Commission. B°rn m'
Appointed
from.
On their own application, after
Seawell, Washington 17 Oct.'60. \ Va Va.
forty or more consecutive years
of service, in conformity with
sedion 15 of the act of August
3, 1861.
6th Infantry.
*Simonson, Jno. S. 13 May, '61.
3d Cavalry.
*Morrison, Pitcairn 6 June, '61.
|
Penn. . Ind.
N. Y. 'N-. Y
Colonels.
8th Infantry.
Abercrombie, J. J. 25 Feb/61. .
7th Infantry.
Tenn. .
Tenn.
Cady, Albemarle 20 Oct.'63
8tn Infantry.
N. H..
N. H.
*Finlev, Clem'nt A. 15 May,'61.
Surgeon General.
Ohio..
Ohio.
Lieutenant Colonels.
*Gardner, John L. 23 July, '61. .
2d Artillery.
Casey, Silas 9 Oct.'61
4th Infantry.
Day, Hannibal 7 June,'62
Mass..
R. I...
Vt
Mass.
R.I.
Vt.
Morris, Thompson 3 Mar.'55. . .
4th Infantry.
Andrews, George 18 Oct. '55
6th Infantry.
*Morris, Gouv'r 31 May,'57
Ohio..
D.C...
N. Y..
Ohio.
D.C.
N. Y.
6th Infantry.
1st Infantry.
Major.
Ruff, Charles F. 10 June,'61. . . .
Penn..
Mo.
Porter, Giles 16 Feb.'47
4th Artillery.
N. Y..
N. Y.
3d Cavalry.
Alexander, T. L. 31 July,'61
Va....
Ky.
For incapacity, resulting from
long and faithful service— from
wound* or injury received—
from disease con tract ed. or from
exposure in the line of duty, in
conformity with sections 16 and
17 of the act of Aug. 3, 1861.
5th Infantry.
Eastman Seth 9 Sept '61
Me
Me.
Mo.
N. Y.
Md.
1st Infantry.
*Steen, Enoch 28 Sept. '61
2d Cavalry.
Whiting, Daniel P. 15 Feb.'62. .
6th Infantry.
Chapman, William 20Feb.'62..
Ky....
N. Y..
Md....
General Officer.
3d Infantry.
Anderson, Robert 15 May,'61...
Brigadier General.
Ky....
Ky.
Patten. George W. 7 June,'62. . JR. I. . .
2d Infantry.
Arnold, Lewis G. 1 Aug.'63. . . . N. J.. .
R.L
N. J.
Colonels.
< 2d Artillery.
Bonneville, B. L. E. 3 Feb. '55. .
Fra'ce.
N. Y.
Sitgreaves, Lorenzo 22 Apr.'64. Penn..
Penn.
3d Infantry.
Engineers.
120
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK A3TD REGISTER.
RETIRED FROM: ACTIVE SERVICE. — Continued.
[1869.
nk, Kegimcr.t or Corps, and date of
Corps, and date of
Commission.
Born in. "«~"
! from.
Commission. ' Born m. f^^
Majors.
*Thomas, Charles 1 Aug.'ou Penn. . iPenn.
*DeCamp, S. G. I. 1 Dec.'33. . . .
Medical Dep't.
*Porter, John B. 4 Oct. '46
Medical Dep't.
N. J...
Conn. .
N. J.
Conn.
Quartermaster's Dep't.
Brown, Harvey 14 May,'6i
5th Artillery.
Hunter, David 14 May,'61
N.,...
D.C...
N. J.
111.
Smith, Joseph R. 11 June.'51..
7th Infantry.
N. Y..
N. Y.
6th Cavalry.
Merchant, Chas. S. 28 Aug.'Gl. .
N. Y..
N. Y.
Macrae, Nath'l C. 31 May,'57. . .
3d Infantry.
Va . . . .
Va.
4th Artillery.
*IIowe, Marshall S. 28 Sept.'Gl.
Me....
Me.
*Edgar, William F. 21 May,'61.
Mcclicftl Dco't
Ky....
Mo.
3d Cavalry.
Dimick, Justin 26 Oct. '61
Conn. .
Vt.
Austine, William 23 Julv,'«l. . .
3d Artillery.
* Jones, Llewellyn 28 Scpt.'61 . .
1st Cavalry.
*Ne\vton, Wash. I. 1 Oct/61...
2d Cavalry.
Conn..
N. Y..
D.C...
Conn.
X. Y.
Va.
1st Artillery.
Crosman, Geo. H. 26 Feb. '63. . .
Quartermaster's Dep't.
Thayer, Sylvanus 3 Mar.'G3
Engineers.
Bache, Hartman 3 Mar.'G3
Mass. .
Mass..
Penn..
Mass.
Mass.
Penn.
•Lovell, Chris. S. 9 Oct,'61
3d Infantry.
S. C...
S. C.
Engineers.
Brewerton, Henry 22 Apr.'G4...
N. Y..
N. Y.
*Lee, Arthur T. 26 Oct. '61
2d Infuntry
Penn. .
Peun.
Engineers.
Vinton, David H. 29 July,'66. . .
R.I...
R.I.
Gardiner, J. W. T. 26 Oct.'61...
2d Cavalry.
*Chase Daniel 26 Oct.'61.
Me....
Conn..
Me.
Ohio.
Quartermaster's Dep't.
Babbitt, Edwin B. 29 July,'66. .
Quartermaster's Dep't.
Cross, Osborn 29 July. '66
Conn. .
Md. . . .
Ind.
Md.
13th Inluntrv
Judd, Henry B.' 1 Nov.'Bl
Conn. .
Conn.
Quartermaster's Dep't.
4th Artillery.
j . . t c1 7 J
Whittlesev, Jos. II. 12 Nov.'Gl.
5th Cavalry.
*Prince, Wm. E. 23 Nov.'Gl
N. Y..
Mass..
N. Y.
Mass.
*Burke, Martin 28 Aug.'6l
3d Artillery.
Md. . . .
D.C.
3d Infantry.
Caldwcll, James N. 27 Feb.'62.
Ohio...
Ohio.
Majors.
Lvnde Isaac 18 Oct '55
Vt
Vt.
IStli Infantry.
Jordan, Charles D. 27 Feb. '62. .
5th Infantry.
Mass..
Mass.
18th Infantry.
*Francis, Simeon 3 Aug. '61
Conn. .
Oreg.
*Hendrickson, T. 27 June,'62..
Penn..
Army.
Pay Dep't.
3d. Inftintrv
*Newby, E. W. B. 17 July,'62..
3d Cavalry.
Tracy, Albert 1 Junc,'G3
15th Infantry.
Va. . . .
N. Y..
111.
Me.
Officers retired upon the full rank
of the command held by them
when wounded, in conformity
with sections 16 and 17 of the
*Haetings, D.M. 23 Sept.'63.. . .
5th Cavalry.
Irel'cl..
Army.
act of Aug. 3, 1861, and section
32 of the act of July 28, 1866.
McArthur, Jos. H. 25 Sept.'63. .
3d Cavalry.
Mo....
Mo.
Upon full rankof Major General.
*Larned, Frank II. 3 Jan.'67. . .
Mich..
Mich.
Wood, Thos. J. 9 June,'68
Ky....
Ky.
1st Artillery.
Colonel 2d Cavalry.
Johnson, Richard W. 12Oct.'67.
Ky....
Ky.
By direction of fhe President, in
conformity ^^ith section 12 of
Major 4th Cavalry.
Ricketts, James B. 3 Jan.'67. . .
N. Y..
N. Y.
the act of July 17, 18G2.
Major 1st Artillery.
General Officers.
*Long, Eli 16 Aug.'67
Captain 4th Cavalry.
Ky....
Ky.
*Wool, John E. l(i May, '62
Major General.
N. Y..
N. Y.
Upon full rank of Brig. General.
*Harney, Wm. S. 14 June,'5S.. . La .... ^La.
Paul, Gabriel R. 28 July,'66. . . .
Mo....
Mo.
Brigadier General.
Colonel 14th Infantry.
Ripley, James W. 3 Aug.'Gl . . .
Conn.. Conn.
*Fessenden. F. 1 Nov?66
Me....
Me.
Brig. Gen'l, Chief of Orel.
Captain 28th Infantry.
Ramsey, Geo: D. 15 Sept. '63.. . .
Brig. Gen'l, Chief of Ord.
Va. ... D.C.
Upon full rank of Colonel.
Delafield, Richard 22 Apr.'C4.. .
N. Y.. N. Y.
Marshall, Elislia G. 11 Sept.'G7.
N. Y..
N. Y.
Brig. Gen'l, Chief Eng.
Major 5th Infantry.
*Yates, Theodore 1 Nov.'G?
Mo....
Mo.
Colonels.
Captain 31 st Infantry.
Gates, William 13 Oct.'45
Mass.. Mass.
Walker, Moses B. 28 July,'66..
Ohio . .
Ohio.
3d Artillery.
Loomis, Gustavug 9 Mar.'Sl....
5th Infantry.
Vt Vt.
Captain 12th Infantry.
Upon full rank of Major.
*Craig, Henry K. 10 July, '51. .. Penn.. Penn.
Ordnance Dep't. i
Clark, Joseph C., Jr., 28 July,'66.
Captain 4th Artillery.
N.J... N. J.
1869.]
PAY OF THE ARMY.
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122 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. . [1869.
EXPLANATIONS OF THE PRECEDING TABLE.
1. Double rations are allowed by law to the General-in-Chief Commanding the Army of the
United States ; to each general officer commanding in chief a separate army actually in the field ;
to each general officer commanding a geographical division embracing one or more geographical
departments ; and to each officer commanding a military geographical department. In the
above table the rations of the general and lieutenant general are doubled.
2. Every commissioned officer of the United States Army, including retired officers, is enti
tled to one additional ration per day for every five years' service.
3. The rations of surgeons and assistant surgeons are doubled after ten years' continuous
service in the same grade. This is in addition to the longevity rations to which they would
otherwise be entitled.
4. Subaltern officers, employed on the General Staff, and receiving increased pay therefor,
are not entitled to the additional or fourth ration provided by the Act of March 2, 1827, Sec. 2.
5. Officers retired from active service are entitled to tne pay proper of the highest staffer regi
mental rank held at time of retirement and four rations per day. Officers retired from active
service for disability from Avounds received in battle, upon the full rank of the command they
held at the time such wound was received, arc entitled to the retired pay of that rank or grade.
Retired officers assigned to appropriate duty by the President are entitled, while so assigned
and employed, to the full pay and emoluments of the grade upon which they may have
been retired.
6. Ten dollars additional pay per month is allowed to each " Company officer " in actual com
mand of a company. ,
7. If a fixed salary has been given by law to any military employe of the government, while
in active duty, and a defined military rank, either actual or assimilated, has also been conferred
upon him by law, his rank and not his salary will control his pay on retirement.. This decision
is applicable to all chaplains of the army, holding the military rank of cnptain of infantry, under
the provisions of section 7, act of March 2, 1867, when retired from active service.
8. The forage allowances to mounted officers for their horses are required by law to be drawn
in kind from the quartermaster's department ; but whenever commuted, because the quarter
master is unable to furnish in kind, the commutation value for each horse actually kept in use
and allowed by law is eight dollars per month.
ORGANIZATION OF THE REGULAR ARMY.
There were in the army January 1, 1868, one General, one Lieutenant General, and other
officers, as follows :
Major Generals 5 Second Lieutenants 660
Brigadier Generals 19 Chaplains 36
Colonels 88 Military Storekeepers 29
Lieutenant Colonels 103 Medical Storekeepers 5
Majors 291 Veterinary Surgeons 10
Aides-de-Camp 43 Sergeant Majors CO
Captains 738 Quartermaster Sergeants 60
Adjutants 60 Commissary Sergeants CO
Regimental Quartermasters 55 Principal Musicians 100
Regimental Quartermasters and Commis- Saddler Sergeants 10
sarics 5 Chief Trumpeters 10
Regimental Commissaries 10 Ordnance Sergeants 120
Battalion Adjutant 1 Hospital Stewards 453
Battalion Quartermaster 1 Regimental Hospital Stewards 60
First Lieutenants 882
Whole number of general officers 17 There were of cavalry regiments 10
Commissioned officers 2,984 Artillery regiments 5
Whole number enlisted 49,938 Infantry regiments 41
Aggregate 52,922 Veteran reserve corps, infantry regiments. . .4
There were 49 national cemeteries to each of which a superintendent was appointed by the
president.
There were 406 Indian scouts employed in the territories and Indian country.
18(59.]
ARTILLERY SCHOOL-ARMORIES AND ARSENALS.
123
During the session of Congress in June, 1868, Secretary Schofield transmitted to the Commit
tee on Military Affairs an estimate of the diminution of the Army by expiration of term of ser
vice death and desertion up to January 1, 1869, and July 1 of the same year, as follows :
Cavalry to Jan. 1 4,113 Artillery to July 1 3,208
Cavalry to July 1 6,347 Infantry to Jan. 1 12,096
Artillery to Jan. 1 .' 1,837 Infantry to July 1 21,002
The total strength of the Army September 30, 1868, was 48,081.
ARTILLERY SCHOOL.
The Artillery School was organized at the close of 1867, by order of the General of the Army,
and Brevet Major General Barry, Colonel Second Artillery, was assigned to its command. It
was established at Fortress Monroe, and one battery from each of the live regiments of artillery
was ordered to that post as -the instruction batteries for the first year. The course of instruc
tion adopted for the school is both theoretical and practical, embracing a variety of subjects,
and is pursued both by the officers and non-commissioned officers of the batteries. The prac
tical course for the first year, closed November, 1868.
ARMORIES AND ARSENALS.
Armories and Arsenals.
State.
Post Office.
Commanding officers.
Springfield Armory. . .
Allegheny Arsenal
Augusta Arsenal
Baton Rouge Arsenal.
Benicia Arsenal
Champlain Arsenal...
Charleston Arsenal. . .
Columbus Arsenal.
Massachusetts..
Springfield
Major and Bvt. Colonel James
G. Ben ton.
Col. and Bvt. Brigadier General
Robert H. K. Whiteley.
Capt. and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel
Daniel W. Flairler.
Major John W. Todd.
Major and Bvt. Colonel Julian
McAllister.
Military Storekeeper, Ephraim
D. Ellsworth, in charge.
Capt. and Bvt. Major Francis H.
Parker.
Capt. and Bvt. Major Thomas C.
Bradford.
Capt. and Bvt.Maj. J. R. Edie, Jr.
Major and Bvt. Colonel Thomas
G. Baylor.
Military Storekeeper, Wm. R.
Shoemaker, in charge.
Major and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel
Stephen V. Benet.
Capt. and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel
William H. Harris.
Capt. and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel
David H. Buel.
Major and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel
John McNutt.
Military Storekeeper, WTm. II.
Rexford, in charge.
Lieut. Colonel and Bvt. Colonel
Theodore T. S. Laidley.
Military Storekeeper, Michael J.
Greaiish, in charge.
Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen.
Thomas J. Rodman.
Military Storekeeper, James S.
Abeel, in charge.
Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen.
Franklin D. Callender.
Captain Isaac Arnold.
Capt. Lawrence S. Babbitt.
Brig, and Bvt. Major General
George D. Ramsay, U. S. A.
Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen.
Charles P. Kingsbury.
Colonel and Bvt. Brig. General
Peter V. Hagner.
Penns37lvania
Georgia
Louisiana
Pittsburg
Augusta
Baton Rouge
California
Benicia
Ven?ennes.. .
Vermont
South Carolina Charleston
Ohio . Columbus
Detroit Arsenal
Michigan.
Dearbonville
Old Point Comfort. .
Fort Union.
Fort Monroe Arsenal.
Fort Union Arsenal. .
Frankfort Arsenal
Indianapolis Arsenal .
Kennebec Arsenal
Virginia
New Mexico
Pennsylvania
Indiana
Philadelphia
Indianapolis
\u°pusta
Maine
Leaven worth Arsenal.
Mt. Vernon Arsenal. .
New York Arsenal . . .
Pikesville Arsenal
Rock Island Arsenal..
Rome Arsenal
St. Louis Arsenal
San Antonio Arsenal.
Vancouver Arsenal . . .
Washington Arsenal. .
Watertown Arsenal..
Watervliet Arsenal. . .
Kansas
Fort Leavenworth. .
Mount Vernon
Nr>w Vorlc
Alabama
New York
Maryland Pikosville
Illinois
New York
Missouri
Rock Island
: Rome . . .
St Louis
Texas
;San Antonio
Vancouver
Washington
Watertown
Washington Ter. . . .
Dist. of Columbia..
Massachusetts
New York
West Troy
124 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
MILITARY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS, DISTRICTS, AND DEPARTMENTS.
1. Division of the Missouri. The Departments of Dakota, of the Missouri,
and of the Platte ; headquarters at St. Louis, ^issouri.
2. Division • of the Pacific, The Departments of California and of the
Columbia ; headquarters at San Francisco, California.
3. Division of the Atlantic. The Departments of the East, of Washington,
and of the Lakes ; headquarters at Washington, D. C.
4. First Military District. The State of Virginia ; headquarters at Rich
mond, Virginia.
5. Fourth Military District. The State of Mississippi; headquarters at
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
6. Fifth Military District. The State of Texas ; headquarters at Austin,
Texas.
7. Department of the East. The New England States, the States of New
York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and the Post of Fort Delaware, Dela
ware ; headquarters at New York City.
8. Department of the Lakes. The States of Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wis
consin, and Indiana, except the Post of Jeffersonville, Indiana ; headquarters
at Detroit, Michigan.
9. Department of the Cumberland. The States of Kentucky, Tennessee,
and West Virginia, and the Post of Jeffersonville, Indiana; headquarters at
Louisville, Kentucky.
10. Department of the Missouri. The States of Missouri and Kansas, the
Indian Territory, and the Territories of Colorado and New Mexico, except
the Posts of Forts Morgan and Sedgwick, C. T., and the stage road from
Fort Sedgwick to Denver, C. T. ; headquarters at Fort Leaven worth, Kansas.
11. Department of the Platte. The States of Iowa and Nebraska, the
Territory of Utah, the Territory of Wyoming, so much of the Territory of
Montana as lies contiguous to the new road from Fort Laramie, D. T., to
Virginia City, M. T., the Posts of Forts Morgan and Sedgwick, C. T., and
the stage road from Fort Sedgwick to Denver, C. T. ; headquarters at Omaha.
Nebraska.
12. Department of Dakota. The State of Minnesota, the Territory of Da
kota, and the Territory of Montana, except so much as lies contiguous to
the new road from Fort Laramie, D. T., to Virginia City, M. T. ; headquar
ters at St. Paul, Minnesota.
13. Department of California. The States of California and Nevada, and
the Territory of Arizona ; headquarters at San Francisco, California.
14. Department of the Columbia. The State of Oregon, and the Territories
of Washington and Idaho ; headquarters at Portland, Oregon.
15. Department of Washington. The States of Maryland and Delaware,
except the Post of Fort Delaware, Delaware, and the District of Columbia ;
headquarters at Washington, D. C.
16. Department of the South. The States of North and South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, and Alabama ; headquarters at Atlanta, Georgia.
1869.] FREEDMEN' S BUREAU. 125
17. Department of Louisiana. The States of Louisiana and Arkansas;
headquarters at New Orleans, Louisiana.
18. Department of Alaska. Territory of Alaska; headquarters at Sitka,
Alaska Territory. (Belongs, to the Division of the Pacific).
FREEDMEN'S BUREAU.
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was estab
lished March 3, 1865, and attached to the War Department. By its terms
the law was limited to one year after the close of the rebellion. On the 16th
of July, A. D. 1866, the law wTas amended and continued in force for two
years, and again on the 25th of July, 1868, an act was passed continuing the
educational department of the Bureau, and the collections and payments of
money due soldiers and sailors or their heirs, until otherwise ordered by
Congress, but the other operations of the bureau were to be withdrawn from
the reconstructed states on the 1st of January, 1868.
Major General O. O. Howard, was appointed Commissioner of the Bureau
on the 12th of May, 1865, and entered upon his duties on the 15th. Ten
Assistant Commissioners were appointed in the different states embraced
under the Bureau ; with one exception, these were officers in the army who
were changed from time to time as changes were made in the different mili
tary departments.
The Bureau was organized with four departments embracing that of Lands,
Records, Financial Affairs, and the Medical Department. The Claim Division
was subsequently organized under the head of the land department.
The Bureau at first had supervision of farming property only, but the
orders issued under the act by the President on the 2d of July, 1865, and
by the Secretary of the Treasury soon after, placed the Bureau in charge of
all real property which had been abandoned, captured, or confiscated, includ
ing building lots in cities and towns as well as plantations and farms.
As soon as possible after its organization, the land division proceeded to
ascertain as accurately as possible the amount and character of the property
committed to its charge.
By act of Congress approved June 21, 1866, all the public lands in the
states of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Florida were opened
for entry by colored and white men without distinction, in half-quarter sec
tions, or 80 acre lots. The officers and agents of the Bureau have been
directed to instruct freedmen respecting the location and value of these
public lands, and the mode of procedure in order to obtain possession of
them. By order of assistant commissioners, surveys have been made and
some assistance given in transporting families to their new homes. In Feb
ruary of 1868, 450 entries had been made by freedmen. Nearly 3,000 families
have acquired homes in Florida, and great benefits have resulted from their
settlement on these public lands.
Though less progress has been made in other states many freedmen have
secured lands in Mississippi, Arkansas and Louisiana.
When the Bureau was established, no appropriation was made for its sup
port. There were however in the several states, funds to a limited amount
1-2Q THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
derived from various sources which properly come under the control of the
Bureau officers. The whole amount received from these sources from January
1, 1865, to January 1, 1868, or three years, was $1,605,694.19; the whole
amount expended was $1,544,092.80, leaving in hands of disbursing officers
January 1, 1868, $61,601.39.
Congress has made two appropriations for the support of this Bureau, as
follows :
From July 1, 1806 to July 1, 1867 $6,944,450.00
From July 1, 1867, to July 1, 1868 3,856,300.00
Total $10,780,750.00
The expenditures have been for
Salaries of assistant and sub-assistant commissioners $302,244.88
Salaries of clerks 509,833.80
Stationery and printing 78,306.14
Quarters and fuel 196,906.54
Clothing for distribution 143,735.99
Commissary stores 1,245,271.76
Medical department 470,834.37
Transportation of officers and agents 131,052.54
Transportation of freedmen and refugees 115.979.87
Transportation of stores 87,490.36
Forage 53,096.28
School Superintendents 28,247.61
Buildings for schools and asylums, (including construction, rental and repairs 558,914.91
Telegraphing and postage 35,546.98
Internal revenue (tax withheld on salaries) 4,981.55
Southern relief 385,410.81
Agricultural Bureau, (transferred) 50,000.00
Total expended $4,397,854.39
Amount in Treasury December 31, 1867 $5,736,984.28
Amount in hands of disbursing officers December 31, 1867 645.911.33
Amount on hand December 81, 1867 $6,382,895.61
The Bureau has received from the hands of Superintendents of negro affairs
and other officers a portion of the state bounties of certain colored soldiers
amounting to $112,396.44, of which $77,288.96 had been paid back Jan
uary 1, 1868.
The resolution of Congress of March 29, 1867, provided that certain checks
and treasury certificates issued in settlement of claims due colored soldiers
or sailors who had resided in slave states should be made payable to the Com
missioner of the Freedmen's Bureau. From April 17, 1867, to January 1,
1868, 7,362 certificates and checks had been received, amounting to $1,536,-
024.35, of which 5,892 amounting to $950,822.89 had been paid.
The bureau for some time after its organization afforded relief to the desti
tute of all classes in the southern states, but the number thus relieved has
gradually diminished. In September, 1865, it was 74,951; in September,
1866,29,819; and in September, 1867, 11,658. In addition to the regular
relief furnished, Congress in March, 1867, authorized a general issue of
provisions "to prevent starvation and extreme want in those southern and
southwestern states, where a failure of the crops and other causes have occa
sioned wide-spread destitution." Under this act, corn and meat were dis-
1869.] FREEDMEN' S BUREAU. 127
tributed to 58,343 persons daily for a period of four months, at a cost of $2
each per month.
A surprising thirst for knowledge on the part of the colored people was
discovered soon after the National forces entered the southern states, and
provision was made for their instruction as early as 1861. After the organ
ization of the Bureau, schools were taken in charge and, in some states, car
ried on entirely by aid of its funds and under its supervision. In September,
1865, J. W. Alvord, the present General Superintendent, was appointed
inspector of schools. He traveled through most of the Southern States,
examining the condition of the freedmen, and providing for the establish
ment and supervision of schools. Various benevolent societies co-operated
with the Commissioner and Superintendent in establishing schools and pro
viding teachers. The act of Congress of July 16, 1866, continuing the
bureau appropriated $521,000 for school purposes, the bill also provided for
the sale or lease of property formerly belonging to the so called confederate
states and the use of the avails for school purposes. After the passage of
this act, the schools assumed a more enlarged and permanent character.
During the progress of the war, medical aid was frequently required by
colored refugees, which was supplied by the medical department of the
army. Upon the organization of the Bureau, the care and management of
this class of the helpless sick devolved upon it, and stores, medicines, &c.,
were supplied by its medical division.
Land Department. Whole number of acres reported in possession of the Bureau from
its organization to December 31, 1807, 636,389. Whole number restored, 400,517. Number of
pieces of town property in possession, 4,238 ; number restored, 3,375. Number of acres in
possession Dec. 31, 1867, 235,872. Number of pieces of town property Dec. 31, 1867, 863.
Statistics of Schools for Freedmen. January 1, 1866, the whole number of colored
schools was 740 ; teachers of these schools, 1,314 ; pupils, 90,589. For the six months ending Jan
uary 1, 1868, there were reported 1,486 day or night schools with 1,744 teachers, and 81,878 pupils ;
772 sabbath schools with 2,105 teachers, and 57,177 pupils ; and 39 industrial schools with
1,603 pupils.
Of the above, 25 are high or normal schools. There are also within knowledge of the super
intendent, but not regularly reported, 389 clay or night schools with 458 teachers and 18,589
pupils ; and 389 sabbath schools, with 2,185 teachers and 30,270 pupils. Schools of all kinds,
3,084 ; teachers, 6,492 ; pupils, 189,517. Of the whole number of schools, 1000 are sustained
wholly or in part by the freedmen, and they own 364 of the buildings used for school purposes.
Number of day and night schools, for six months ending July 1, 1868, 1,831 ; teachers, 2,291 ; pupils,
104,327 ; average attendance, 78,402, or over 75 per cent. Tuition was paid by 32,67o pupils,
amounting to $95,860.84. Number of Sabbath schools, 1,009; teachers in same, 4,738; pupils,
89,466. Number of industrial schools, 46; pupils, 1,873.
The bureau expended for rents, repairs and construction of school buildings during the pre
vious six months, $361,205.48 ; and for other educational purposes during the same period,
$97,201.67; making a total of $458,407.15. The whole amount expended for the support of the
above schools by all parties during the last half year has been $571,446.11. As' showing the ad
vancement of pupils, 21,032 are studying geography, 31.539 arithmetic, 30.567 are in writing, awd
4,675 are in the higher branches. The whole amount expended for all school purposes from the
commencement of the bureau to January 1, 1867, was $1,066,394.28.
Medical Department. The whole number of freedmen and refugees treated from the
organization of the bureau, to December 31, 1867, was 388,516 freedmen, of whom 19,257 died;
19,722 refugees, of whom 677 died. Greatest number of hospitals existing at any one time, 48 ;
number in operation in 1868, 25; number discontinued during year ending December 31, 1867,
28; largest number of medical officers at a given time, (September, 1866), 118; number employed
in 1868, 84 ; greatest number of hospital attendants, stewards, &c., 430 ; number of attendants
employed in 1868, 317.
128 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
NAVY DEPARTMENT.
Secretary's Office. The Secretary of the Navy has charge of every thing
connected with the naval establishment, and the execution of all laws relat
ing thereto under the general direction of the President. All instructions
to commanders of squadrons, and commanders of vessels ; all orders to
officers ; commissions of officers, both in the navy and marine corps ; appoint
ments of commissioned and warrant officers, and orders for the enlistment
and discharge of seamen, emanate from the Secretary's office. All the du
ties of the different bureaus are performed under the authority of the Secre
tary, and their orders are considered as emanating from him. He has a
general superintendence of the marine corps, and all the orders of the com
mandant of that corps are approved by him.
The Bureau of Navy Yards and Docks has charge of all the navy yards,
docks and wharves, buildings and machinery in navy yards, and every thing
immediately connected with them. It is also charged with the management
of the Naval Asylum.
The Bureau of Navigation has charge of the Naval Observatory and Hydro-
graphical Office. It furnishes vessels with maps, charts, chronometers, &c,,
together with such books as are allowed to ships of war. The Naval Acad
emy, Naval Observatory, and Nautical Almanac are attached to this bureau.
The Bureau of Ordnance has charge of all ordnance and ordnance stores,
the manufacture or purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shells, &c., and
the equipment of vessels of war, with every thing connected therewith.
The Bureau of Construction and Repair has charge of the building and
repairs of all vessels of war, and purchase of material.
The Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting has charge of providing all ves
sels with their equipments, as sails, anchors, water tanks, &c. ; also, charge
of the recruiting service.
The Bureau of Steam Engineering has charge of the construction, repair,
&c., of the machinery of steam vessels of war. The Engincer-in-Chief super
intends the construction of all marine steam engines for the navy, and, with
the approval of the Secretary, decides upon plans for their construction.
The Bureau of Provisions and Clothing contracts for all provisions and
clothing for the use of the navy.
The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery manages every thing relating to med
icine and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, and management
of hospitals.
CHIEF OFFICERS IN NAVY DEPARTMENT.
Secretary of the Navy GIDEON WELLES
Assistant Secretary of the Navy WILLIAM FAXON 3,500
Solicitor of the Navy JOHN A. BOLLES 3,500
Chief Clerk EDGAR T. WELLES 2,200
Disbursing Clerk JOHN W. HOGG 2,000
Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks JOSEPH SMITH 3.500
CivU Engineer WM. P. S. SANGER 3,000
Chief Cleric AUGUSTUS E. MERRITT 1,800
Draughtsman E. S. FRIEDRICH 1,800
1869.] NAVAL ACADEMY. ^39
Chief of Bureau of Navigation THORNTON A. JENKINS $3,500
Chief Clerk BENJ. F. GREENE 1,800
Chief of Bureau of Ordnance JOHN A. DAHLGREN 3,500
Chief Clerk JOHN D. BRANDT 1,800
Draughtsman CHAS. R. STELLWAGEN 1,800
Chief of Bureau of Provisions and Clothing HORATIO BRIDGE 3,500
Chief Clerk THOMAS FILLEBROWN 1,800
Chief of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery PHINEAS J. HORWITZ 3,500
Chief of Bureau of Construction and Repair . . . JOHN LENTHALL 3,500
Chief Clerk HUGH A. GOLDSBOROUGH 1,800
Draughtsman RICHARD POWELL 1,800
Chief of Bureau of Equipment and Eecruiting. . MELANCTON SMITH 3,500
Chief Clerk S. HENRIQUES 1,800
Chief of Bureau of Steam Engineering BENJ. F. ISHERWOOD 3,500
Chief Clerk WILLIAM: H. ALLYN 1,800
U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY.
[Corrected at Naval Academy, October, 1868.]
Superintendent Vice-Admiral DAVID D. PORTER.
Assistant to Superintendent Commander JOHN G. WALKER.
Secretary to Vice-Admiral JAMES M. ALDEN.
ACADEMIC BOARD AND STAFF.
President Vice-Admiral DAVID D. PORTER.
Commandant of Midshipmen and
Head of Dept. Seamanship, &c. .Captain N. B. HARRISON.
Assistants Lieut. Commanders FREDERICK V. McNAiR, MERRILL MILLER,
PHILIP H. COOPER, EDMUND O. MATTHEWS, EDWARD
TERRY, GEO. C. REMEY, SIMEON P. GILLETT, CHAS. L.
FRANKLIN, SILAS CASEY, JOHN F. MCGLENSEY, JOHN R,
BARTLETT, GEO. DEWEY, A. S. CROWNIN SHIELD.
Head of Dept. of Mathematics Professor WM. H. WILLCOX.
Acting Assistant Professors Lieut. Commanders JOHN A. HOWELL, ALEX. H. McCoRMicK,
HENRY L. JOHNSON, W. W. MACLAY, P. F. HARRINGTON.
Assistant Professors JOHN M. RICE, WILLIAM W. JOHNSON, CHARLES F. JOHNSON.
Head of Dept. Steam Engineering . Chief Engineer THOMAS WILLIAMSON.
Assistant Instructors 1st Asst. Engineers CHARLES E. DEVALIN, Louis J. AIJ^EN ;
2d Asst. Engineer GEORGE R. HOLT.
Head of Dept. of Astronomy, Nav
igation, <kc Lieut. Commander ROBERT L. PHYTHIAN.
Acting Assistant Professors Lieut. Commanders JAMES O. KANE, GEORGE P. RYAN.
Assistant Professor CHARLES J. WHITE.
Head of Dept. of Natural and Ex
perimental Philosophy Professor HENRY H. LOCKWOOD.
Acting Assistant Professors Lieut. Commander WM. T. SAMPSON; 1st Asst. Engineer
RICHARD H. THURSTON.
Assistant Professor JOHN W. LANGLEY.
Head of Dept. of Ethics and Eng
lish Studies Lieut. Commander FRANCIS B. BLAKE.
Acting Assistant Professor Lieut. Commander BARTLETT J. CROMWELL.
Assistant Professors THOMAS KARNEY, HARRY S. MACKINTOSH, WILLIAM W. FAT,
JOSEPH E. DICKSON. ROBBINS LITTLE, JOHN J. ARCHER.
Head of Dept. of French Professor LEOPOLD V. DOVILLIERS.
Assistant Professors ALPIIONSE V. S. COURCELLE, LUCIEN F. PRUD'HOMME, EUQENE
DOVILLIERS, JULES LEROUX, BERNARD MAURICE.
Head of Dept. of Spanish Professor EDWARD A. ROGET.
Acting Assistant Professors Lieut. Commanders WINFIELD S. SCHLEY, CHAS. F. BLAKE.
Assistant Professor PEDRO MONTALDO.
9
130 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Head of Dept. of Drawing Lieut. Commander EDWARD P. LULL.
Assistant Professors HEN^IY HITCHINGS, MARSHAL OLIVER, A. W. WARREN.
Sword Master ANTOINE J. CORBEISIER.
Assistants THEODORE MAURICE, ADOLPHE AUBRT.
Boxing Master and Gymnast FRANK COMMLOSEY.
OFFICERS NOT ATTACHED TO THE ACADEMIC STAFF.
In charge Grounds, d&c.Com'rBusiiROD B.TAYLOR. Paymaster (Storekeeper) G. E. THORNTON.
Com' dg Marine Guard. Captain MCLANE TILTON. Chaplain D. MCLAREN.
Surgeon DAVID HARLAN. Commissary RICHARD SWANN.
Passed Asst. Surgeon. .LUTHER M. LYON. Asst. Librarian JOHN J. GRAFF.
" . .F. M. DEARBORNS. Secretary RICHARD M. CHASE.
Asst. Surgeon ALFRED GRIFFITH. First Clerk to Supt. . . .JAMES P. MARRON.
er JOHN S. GULICK. Gunner JAMES HUTCHINSOK-
REGULATIONS GOVERNING ADMISSION INTO THE NAVAL ACADEMY.
I. The number of midshipmen allowed at the Academy is one for every member and delegate
of the House of Representatives, one for the District of Columbia, ten appointed annually at
large, and ten selected each year from boys enlisted in the navy who have been at least one
year in the service on board a naval vessel.
II. The nomination of candidates for admission from the District of Columbia, from the
enlisted boys, and at large, is made by the President. The nomination of a candidate from
any Congressional district or Territory is made on the recommendation of the member or dele
gate, from actual residents of his district or Territory.
III. Each year, as soon after the fifth of March as possible, members and delegates will be
notified, in writing, of vacancies that may exist in their districts. If such members or dele
gates neglect to recommend candidates by the first of July in that year, the Secretary of the
Navy is required by law to fill the vacancies existing in districts actually represented in Congress.
IV. The nomination of candidates is made annually, between the fifth of March and the
first of July. Candidates who are nominated in time to enable them to reach the Academy
between the twentieth and thirtieth of June, will receive permission to present themselves at
that time to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy for examination as to their qualifications
for admission. Those who are nominated prior to July 1st, but not in time to attend the
June examination, will be examined between the twentieth and thirtieth of September follow
ing: and should any candidate fail to report, or be found physically or mentally disqualified for
admission in Julie, the member or delegate from whose district he was nominated will be no
tified to recommend another candidate, who shall be examined between the twentieth and
thirtieth of September following.
V. No candidate will be admitted into the naval academy unless he shall have passed a satis
factory examination before the Academic Board, and is found (in the opinion of a medical
board, to be composed of the Surgeon of the Naval Academy and two other medical officers
designated by the Secretary of the Navy) physically sound, well formed, and of robust consti
tution, and qualified to endure the arduous labors of an officer in the navy.
VL. Candidates for appointment as midshipmen must be between fourteen and eighteen
years of age when examined for admission. All candidates for admission will be required to
certify, on honor, to their precise age, to the Academic Board, previous to examination, and
none will be examined who are over or under the prescribed age. They must be of good moral
character, satisfactory testimonials of which, from persons of good repute in the neighborhood
of their respective residences, must be presented ; and testimonials from clergymen, instruc
tors in colleges and high schools, will have special weight. They must also pass a satisfactory
examination before the Academic Board in reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography,
and English grammar, viz : in Reading, they must read clearly and intelligibly from any English
narrative work — as, for example, Bancroft's History of the United States; in Writing and Spell
ing, they must write from dictation, in a legible hand, and spell with correctness both orally
and in writing; in Arithmetic, they will be examined in numeration and the addition, subtrac
tion, multiplication, and division of whole numbers and vulgar and decimal fractions, and in
proportion, or the rule of three ; in Geography, they will be examined as to the leading grand
divisions — the continents, oceans, and seas, the chief mountains and rivers, and the boundaries
and population of the chief nations, their government, capitals, and chief cities ; in English
Grammar, they will be examined as to the parts of speech and the elementary construction of
1869.] NAVAL ACADEMY. 131
sentences, and will be required to write an original paragraph of a few sentences. The Board
will judge whether the proficiency of the candidate in these branches is sufficient to qualify
him to enter upon the studies of the Academy.
*********
Attention will also be paid to the stature of the candidate ; and no one manifestly under
sized for his age will be received into the Academy. In case of doubt about the physical con
dition of the candidate, any marked deviation from the usual standard of height will add mate
rially to the consideration for rejection*.
The Board will exercise a proper discretion in the application of the above conditions to
each case ; rejecting no candidate who is likely to be efficient in the service, and admitting no
one who is likely to prove physically inefficient.
VII. If both of these examinations result favorably, the candidate will receive an appoint
ment as a midshipman, become an inmate of the Academy, and be allowed his actual and nec
essary traveling expenses from his residence to the Naval Academy, and be required to sign
articles by which he will bind himself to serve in the United States Navy eight years, (includ
ing his term of probation at the Naval Academy), unless sooner discharged. If, on the con
trary, he shall not pass both of these examinations, he will receive neither an appointment nor
his traveling expenses, nor can he by law have the privilege of another examination for admis
sion to the same class unless recommended by the board of examiners.
*********
VIII. Each midshipman must, on admission, deposit with the paymaster the sum of one
hundred dollars, for which he will be credited on the books of that officer, to be expended by
direction of the Superintendent for the purchase of text-books and other authorized articles.
IX. A midshipman found deficient at any examination cannot, by law, be continued at the
Academy or in the service, unless upon the recommendation of the Academic Board.
X. A midshipman who voluntarily resigns his appointment within a year of the time of his
admission to the Academy will be required to refund the amount paid him for traveling
expenses.
XI. A midshipman may be advanced to any class which he may be found qualified to join
either upon his admission or at any subsequent examination ; and he may be graduated at any
June examination at which he shall be found fully qualified to pass a graduating academic
examination.
REGULATIONS ron THE APPOINTMENT OP CADET ENGINEERS IN THE NAVY.
I. In pursuance of acts of Congress of July 4, 1864, and of March 2, 1867, applications will
be received by the Navy Department for the appointment of Cadet Engineers.
II. The application is to be addressed to the Secretary of the Navy, and can be made by
the candidate or by any person for him, and his name will be placed on the register. The
registry of a name, however, gives no assurance of an appointment, and no preference will be
given in the selection to priority of application.
III. The number of Cadet Engineers is limited by law to fifty. The candidate must be not
less than eighteen nor more than twenty^two years of age, and his application must be accom
panied by satisfactory evidence of moral character and health, with information regarding, date
of birth and educational advantages hitherto enjoyed. Candidates who receive permission will
present themselves to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy between the 20th and 30th of
September, for examination as to their qualifications for admission.
IV. The course of study will comprise two academic years. All Cadets who graduate will
be immediately warranted as 3d -Assistant Engineers in the Navy. The pay of a Cadet is the
same as that of Midshipmen.
V. The academic examination previous to appointment will be on the following subjects,
namely: Arithmetic; the candidate will be examined in numeration and the addition, subtrac
tion, multiplication, and division of whole numbers, and of vulgar and decimal fractions ; in
reduction ; in proportion, or rule of three, direct and inverse ; and in involution and the ex
traction of square and cube roots. Algebra. (Bourdon) : Geometry, (Davies' Legendre) ; Rudi
mentary Natural Philosophy : Elements of Inorganic Chemistry ; English Grammar and English
*The Medical Board of 1864 adopted the following standard for the height of candidates ; 14
years of age, 4 feet 10 inches ; 15 years, 5 feet ; 16 years, 5 feet 2 inches ; 17 years, 5 feet 3 inches :
18 years, (nearly), 5 feet 4 inches ; the candidates to be of proportionate size, especially with
regard to cerebral, osseous, and muscular development ; the youngest to weigh not less than
100 pounds, and the oldest not less than 120 pounds.
13'
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
Composition; History of the United States ; also, a brief outline of Andent and Modern History.
The candidate will also be required to exhibit a fair degree of proficiency in pencil-sketching
and right-line drawing, and he must be able to describe all the different parts of ordinary con
densing and non-condensing engines, explain their uses and operation ; also, the ordinary tools
used for construction purposes.
*** * * * * * *
VI. If these examinations result favorably, the candidate will receive an appointment as a
Cadet Engineer, become an inmate of the Academy, and be allowed his actual and necessary
traveling expenses from his residence to the Naval Academy, and be required to sign articles
by which he will bind himself to serve in the United States Navy six years, (including his
term of probation at the Naval Academy), unless sooner discharged. If, on the contrary, he
shall not pass both of these examinations, he will receive neither an appointment nor his trav
eling expenses, nor can he have the privilege of another examination for admission to the same
class unless recommended by the board of examiners.
***** #***
VII. Each Cadet Engineer must, on admission, deposit with the paymaster the sum of
Beventy-five dollars, for which he will be credited on the books of that officer, to be expended
by direction of the Superintendent for the purchase of text-books and other authorized articles.
VIII. While at the Academy the Cadets will be examined, from time to time, according to the
regulations prescribed by the Navy Department ; and if found deficient at any examination,
or dismissed for misconduct, they cannot, by law, be continued in the Academy or naval ser
vice, except upon rccommedation of the Academic Board.
IX. A Cadet Engineer who voluntarily resigns his appointment will be required to refund
the amount paid him for traveling expenses.
NAVY LIST.
[Corrected at Navy Department, October, 1868.]
The active lists of line officers of the United States Navy are divided into
nine grades, taking rank according to the date of their commission in each
grade, as follows :
1. Rear Admirals to rank with Major Generals.
2. Commodores to rank with Brigadier Gen'ls.
3. Captains to rank with Colonels.
4. Commanders to rank with Lieutenant Col's.
5. Lieut. Commanders to rank with Majors.
6. Lieutenants to rank with Captains.
7. Masters to rank with First Lieutenants.
8. Ensigns to rank with Second Lieutenants.
9. Midshipmen.
David G. Farragut. .
David D. Porter. . .
ADMIRAL.
.New York Commanding European Squadron.
VICE ADMIRAL.
.District Columbia Sup'erintendent Naval Academy at Annapolis.
L. M. Goldsborough.
Chas. H.Davis
John A. Dahlgren . . .
Sylvanus W. Godon. .
James F. Schenck...
John Rodgers
John A. Winslow....
Samuel P. Lee
Jas. P. McKinstry...
Oliver S. Glisson —
Melancton Smith —
Charles S.Boggs
Augustus H. Kilty..,
REAR ADMIRALS.
. D . C. William Radford N. J.
.Mass. Stephen C. Rowan Perm.
. D. C. Thomas T. Craven N. Y.
.Penn.
.Ohio.
.D. C.
.Mass.
.D. C.
.Mich.
.Ind.
.N. Y.
.N. J.
.Md.
Joseph Lanman. . . .
Thomas Turner —
Charles H. Poor. . .
...Conn.
.. .Penn.
...Penn.
COMMODORES.
Henry Walke N. J.
Simon B. Bissell D.C.
Thornton A. Jenkins. .D. C.
John B. Marchancl Penn.
Wm. Rogers Taylor. . .R. I.
Benj. F. Sands D. C.
Charles Steedman Penn.
James Alden D.C.
J. R. Goldsborough . . . .N. J.
Joseph F. Green Me.
Theodore P. Greene.. .Vt.
A. Ludlow Case N.Y.
Alex. M. Pennock N. Y.
John L. Worden N. Y.
George F. Emmons. . . . Vt.
1869.]
NAVAL LIST.
133
Edward Middleton. . . .N. Y.
Gustavus H. Scott Ind.
David McDougal Cal.
CAPTAINS.
Melancton B. Woolsey .N. Y.
Alexander Murray Penn.
Edward Donaldson Md.
John J Almy N. Y.
John C. Howell N. J.
James II. Strong N. Y.
James M. Frailey Penn.
Enoch G. Parrott N. H.
William Reynolds Penn.
Fabius Stanly Cal.
Daniel Ammen Penn.
Robert H. Wyman D. C.
George B. Balch D. C.
Foxhall A. Parker Md.
John Guest Penn.
Wm. II.Macomb N.J.
Wm E LeRoy N Y.
Donald Me N. Fairfax. N. J.
John M. B. Clitz Mich .
Ro<*er N Stembel Ohio.
Andrew Brysou N.Y.
J R M Mullany N Y
C R P Rodders. N. J.
J. W.A.Nicholson. ..N.Y.
Napoleon Collina Ind.
Thos. G. Corbin. . Penn.
Reed Werden . N. Y.
Louis C. Sartori ...Penn.
Stephen D. Trenckard..Penn.
Richard Renshaw N.J.
COMMANDERS.
James S. Thornton N. H.
J B CreMiton R I.
Wm. D. Whitinf Mass.
Aaron K. Hughes N. Y.
J. C. P. DeKrafft Del.
Edmund R. Colhoun. . .Mo.
Chas H.Baldwin N.Y.
Robt W Shufeldt Conn
Oscar C. Badger Penn.
Thos. C. Harris Peun.
StephenB Luce D.C.
Alex C Rhind N Y
John Lee Davis Ind.
George M. Ransom N.J.
William F. Spicer Mass.
Somerville Nicholson. .D. C.
Wm. E. Hopkins Va.
Paul Shirley Penn.
Alex. A. Semmes Penn.
Wm. T. Truxtun Penn.
Wm. K. Mayo Conn.
James E. Jouett Md.
T. S. Fillebrown D.C.
H. N. T. Arnold N.J.
Edward E. Stone Ga.
Thos. Pattison N.Y.
Walter W. Queen N.Y.
Wm N Jeffers Md
Ralph Chandler N.Y.
Edward Simpson N.Y.
Wm. G. Temple Vt.
Samuel P Carter Tenn
K. Randolph Breese. . .R. I.
Lewis A. Kimberly. . . .111.
George H. Morris D.C.
Thos. S.Phelps N.J.
Daniel L. Braiue N.Y.
John Madigan Me.
George E. Belkuap N.H.
Edward Barrett N Y
Edward P. Williams. . .Me.
Homer C. Blake N.Y.
Clarke II Wells Penn
David B. Harmony Penn.
James P Foster Ind.
S. P. Quackenbush . N. Y.
John Irwin Penn.
Earl English N.J.
Joseph M. Bradford .. Ala.
James A. Greer Ohio.
Elias K.Owen 111.
ReigartB. Lowry N.Y.
Wm. W. Low Mass.
Aaron W. Weaver D.C.
James H. Gillis . .. Penn.
John P. Upshur Va.
Francis A. Roe N. Y.
Wm. E. Fitzhugh Ohio.
Chas H Cushman. Me.
John G. Mitchell Mass.
LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS.
Joseph N Miller Ohio.
Richard W, Meade, Jr.. Cal.
Robert Bovd, Jr. Me.
John S. Barnes N. Y.
Alfred Hopkins. N.Y.
Chae. C. Carpenter Mass.
Wm. A. Kirkland N. C.
Wm. II . Dana Ohio
Montgomery Sicard. . .N. Y.
Edmund O. Matthews. Mo.
Edward P Lull Md
Edward E. Potter Mass.
Lester A. Beardsley.... N.Y.
Chas. A. Babcock Mich.
Thos. O. Selfridge Mass.
Alex. F. Crosman Penn.
Charles S.Norton N.Y.
Robert F. Bradford Mass.
Robert L. Phythian ....N.Y.
Joseph P. Sanford
Wm. Ronckendorff . . .
James C. Williamson.
Albert G. Clary
Henry A. Wise
George H. Preble
Thos. II. Stevens
Thos. H. Patterson
Edward T. Nichols
Egbert Thomson
George H. Cooper
C. H. B. Caldwell
Henry K. Davenport..
Napoleon B. Harrison
John C. Febiger
Pierce Crosby
.Mo.
.Penn.
.N.Y.
.Mass.
.D.C.
.Me.
.Penn.
.D.C.
.N.Y.
.D.C.
.N.Y.
Mass.
.D.C.
.Penn.
.Ohio.
.Penn.
Henry A. Adams, Jr. .
George Brown
James W. Shirk
John G. Walker
Francis M. Ramsay. . .
Richard L. Law
Samuel R. Franklin..
Edward Y. McCauley.
Samuel Magaw
Jonathan Young
Edward C. Grafton...
Milton Haxtun
John H. Russell
Robt. F.R.Lewis....
Andrew W. Johnson.
Philip C.Johnson....
John Waiters
S. Livingston Breese.
Bancroft Gherardi
Henry Wilson
A. E. K. Benham
Josephs. Skerrett....
Francis H. Baker
Austin Pendergrast. . .
Joseph P. Fyffe
Wm. P. McCann
Oscar F. Stanton
Bushrod B. Taylor.. . .
Henry Erben, jr
Edward P. McCrea...
.Penn.
.Ind.
.Penn.
.Iowa.
.D.C.
.Ind.
.Penn.
.Penn.
.Penn.
.111.
. Mass.
.N.Y.
.D.C.
.D.C.
.D.C.
.Me.
.Md.
.N.Y.
.Mass.
.N.Y.
.N.Y.
.Ohio.
.Va.
-Ky.
.Ohio.
.Ky.
.N.Y.
.Ind.
.N.Y.
.Wis.
Augustus P. Cooke. .
LeRoy Fitch
Thomas H. Eastman..
Rush R.Wallace
Chester Hatfield
Chaa. J. McDougal . . .
George H. Perkins...
Weld N.Allen
Nathaniel Green
Francis B. Blake
..N.Y.
..Ind.
..D.C.
..Tenn.
..N.Y.
..Cal.
.N.H.
.Me.
.Penn.
. Penn.
134
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER..
LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS. — Continued.
James M. Prichett
Edward Terry
.Ind.
.Conn.
John W Phillip
N.Y.
Mortimer L. Johnson.
Edwin M. Shepard . . .
Charles McGregor
Ira Harris, Jr.
.Mass.
.N.Y.
.Ohio.
N.Y.
Henry F. Picking
Frederick Rodgers
Francis O. Davenport.
Horace E. Mullan
John Weidman
John F. McGlensey. . .
Edgar C. Mcrriman. . .
Edwin T. Browcr
John 11. Rowland
Frederick R. Smith...
James P. Robertson. .
Chas. L. Huntington..
Rums K. Duer
Louis Kempff
.Penn.
.Md.
.Mich.
.Md.
.Penn.
.Penn.
.N.Y.
.Penn.
.Ky.
.Me.
.Penn.
.111.
.N.J.
.111.
Francis M. Bunce
Byron Wilson
.Conn.
Ohio.
Henry B. Seely
Fred. B. McNuir
Wm B Cushin"1
.N.Y.
. Penn.
N Y.
Douglas R. Cassel
RobFey D.Evans
Geo. W. Coffin
Henry Glass
Ernest J. Dichman . . .
Wm. W. Maclay
Philip II. Cooper
Henry C. Taylor
Allan D. Brown
Marston Niles
.Ohio.
.D.C.
.N.J.
.111.
.Wis.
.N.Y.
.N.Y.
.Ohio.
.Vt.
.N. J.
Arthur R Yates
N Y.
John A. Howell
Allen V Reed
.N.Y.
N.Y.
Vt.
Chas. L. Franklin
George B. White
Henry L. Howison —
Albert Kautz
. Ohio.
. Penn.
.Ind.
Ohio.
George H. Wadloigh..
A. S.Crowningshield.
Chas. II. Craven
Frank Wildes
Wm. W. Hendrickson
Augustus G. Kellogg.
Joseph B. Coghlan . . .
James H. Sands
Yates Stirling
Wm. C. Wise
Lewis Clark..
P. F. Harrington
Wm. B. Hoff
.N.H.
.N.Y.
.Me.
.Mass.
. Ohio.
.111.
.111.
.Md.
.Md.
.Ky.
.Conn.
.Del.
.Penn.
.N.Y.
N Y.
Alfred T Mahan
.N.Y.
Iowa.
Smith W.Nichols....
Arch'd N.Mitchell...
Francis J. Higginson.
John McFarland
. Mass.
.111.
.Mass.
.Pemi.
George C Reiney
Norman II. Farquhar.
Samuel D Green
.Penn.
R. I.
Theodore F. Kane N.Y.
Beatty P. Smith N. Y.
C. M. Schoonmaker N.Y.
U.S. McCook Ohio.
Gilbert C. Wiltse N. Y.
M. S. Stuyvesant Ohio.
Joseph D. Marvin Ohio.
James O'Kane Ind.
Simeon P. Gillett Ind.
Thos. L. Swann Md.
Sullivan D. Ames R. I.
J. Crittendcn Watson.. Ky.
Henry B. Robeson Conn.
Antoine R. McNair Mo.
Francis S Brawn N Y
Geo. W. Sumner
.Ky.
Benj.F. Day
Stephen A. McCarty..
Henry C. Tallman
James D. Graham
Wm. R. Bridgman....
Alex. II. McCormick. .
Henry L. Johnson
Albert S. Barker
Morton W. Sanders. . .
Chas. S. Cotton
Chas. F.Blake
John R. Bartlett
Oliver A. Batchellcr..
Silas W Terry
.Ohio.
.N.Y.
.N.Y.
.111.
. Iowa.
.D.C.
.Vt,
.Mass.
.Cal.
.Wis.
.Mass.
.R.I.
.N.Y.
Kv
Wm. K. Wheeler
Win. S. Dana.
Nicoll Ludlow.
N Y.
Francis A. Cook
Colby M. Chester
Arthur H.Wright....
Charles E Clark
. Mass.
. Conn.
.Ohio.
Vt
Henry D. II. Manlcy.
Wm. Whitehead
Edward A. Walker. . .
WinfieldS. Schley....
Silas Casey, Jr
.Penn.
.Penn.
.Mass.
.Md.
.N.Y.
Merrill Miller Ohio.
Frederick J. Nailc Penn.
Frederick Pearson Penn.
Edward N. Kellogg.... 111.
Richard S. Chew D. C.
John J. Read N. J.
Walter Abbot R.I.
Edwin T. Woodward. .Vt.
Henry B. Rumsey Ind.
George W. Wood Penn.
Chas. W. Tracy Penn.
Gouverneur K. Haswell.N. Y.
Edward E. Preble Me.
LIEUTENANTS.
Theodore F. Jewell . . .D. C.
Chas. F. Schmitz Ind.
Geo. W. Armentrout..Ind.
David C. Woodrow Ohio.
Henry C. White N.Y.
Edward M. Stedman...Mass.
John C. Kennett Mo.
William M. Folger . . . .Ohio.
Horace Elmer N. J
Charles J. Barclay
Charles V. Gridley. . . .
Francis Morris
Charles D. Sigsby....
Richard D. Leary
Wm. A. Van Vleck. . .
Chas. H. Pendleton...
Wm. H. Whitin^
.Penn.
.Mich.
.N.Y.
.N.Y.
.Md.
.N.Y.
.Va.
N Y
Wm. T. Sampson
Alfred T Snell
.N.Y.
Mass
Wm F Stewart
Penn
George P. Ryan
George M. Bache
Bartlett J. Cromwell.,
Geo. W. Hay ward
Chas E McKay
.Mass.
.Penn.
,.Neb.
.Wis.
N Y.
Geo. M. McClure
Dennis W. Mullan....
George T. Davis
Geo. D. B. Glidden...
Francis W. Dickins. . .
George F. F. Wilde. . .
Charles II. Davis. Jr. .
Charles J. Train
George N. Fbigg
Edwin White
Oscar F. Heyerman. . .
Herman C. Raebell...
George W. Pigman. . .
Samuel L. Wilson
Gustavus V. Menzies.
.Penn.
.Md.
.Mass.
.Me.
.Conn
.Mass.
.Mass.
.Mass.
.Vt.
.Ohio
.Mich
.Ohio.
.Ind.
.Ohio
.Ky.
N Mayo Dver
.Mass.
.N. H.
.R.I.
Francis M. Greene . . .
Edward Hooker
Henry H. Gorringe...
Alon/o W. Muldaur..
Charles O'Neil
Caspar F. Goodrich. . .
Albert G. Caldwell . . .
Chas. W. Kencdy
Bowman H. McCalla..
French E. Chadwick. .
Samuel H. Baker
.N.Y.
.N.Y.
.Mass.
.Penn.
.Ind.
.N.Y.
.N. J.
.Va.
.Md.
Benj. P. Lamberton ..
John Schouler
.Penn.
. Mass.
1869.]
RETIRED LIST.
135
Charles Stuart
Wm. B. Shubrick. . . .
Joseph Smith
Silas H. Stringham. ,
Samuel L. Breese —
Hiram Paulding
...N.J.
...D.C.
...D.C.
..N.Y.
, ..Penn.
..N.Y.
RETIRED Lis
REAR ADMIRAL;
Thos. Crabbe
J. B. Montgomery —
Cornelius K. Striblinj
Joshua R. Sands
Chas. H. Bell
COMMODORES.
James Glynn
Robert Ritchie
Chas. Lowndes
John Marston
T.
3.
.N.J.
.D.C.
;.Pcnn.
. .Conn.
.N. Y.
.Conn.
. Penn.
.Md.
.Pcnn.
.Mass.
Charles Wilkes
Theodoras Bailey . . .
James L. Lardner . .-.
Henry K. Thatcher..
Henry K. Hoff
..D.C.
..N.Y.
. . Penn.
..Me.
Penn
John Colhoun
. . Penn.
Lawrence Kcarny *. ,
Wm D Saltnr
...N. J.
N J
Wm. Smith
Jonathan W. Swift. .
James M. Watson. . .
John W. Livingston.
Junius J. Boyle
Peter Turner
Benj. J. Totten
R.B.Hitchcock
Timothy A. Hunt . . .
John M. Berrien
John C. Carter
..Mo.
..N.Y.
..Cal.
..N.Y.
..D.C.
..R.I.
..N.Y.
..Conn.
. .Conn.
..N. J.
N Y
Chas. S.McCauley...
JohnH.Aulick
William K. Latimer,
Charles Boarman —
Wm. Jamcsson
John II Graham
..D.C.
..D.C.
..Md.
. .Va.
...Va.
N Y
Henry Bruce
Henry A. Adams
John Pope
. Penn.
Mass.
Levin M. Powell
D C.
William In man ,
Stephen Champlin...
John J. Young
Frank Ellery
Joseph R Jarvis
, ..Penn.
..Conn.
..N.Y.
..R.I.
Til.
Thos. O. Selfridge....
Henry Ea^le
.Mass.
N Y.
Wm. M. Glendy
Geo. S. Blake
.Md.
Mass.
Oscar Bullus
Chas. H. Jackson
Andrew A. Harwood.
Hugh Y. Purviance...
Francis B. Ellison
T. D. Shaw.
.N.Y.
.Conn.
.Md.
.Md.
.N.Y.
Penn.
John P. Gillis
Del
Wm. C. Nicholson Md.
Edward W. Carpender.N. Y.
Joseph B. Hull Conn.
John J. Glasson
..N.Y.
Edward R. Thomson
Robert Handy
Charles Green
. .Penn.
..Mass.
Conn
John S Chauncey
N Y
Win II Gardner
Pcnn.
Cicero Price.
N Y
T. A. Doruin
. .Md.
Samuel Lockwood...
CAPTAINS.
Dominick Lynch
Chas. Thomas
Aug. S. Baldwin
Wm. B. Whiting
Chas. Hunter
.Mass.
.N.Y.
.Md.
.N. J.
.N.Y.
.R.I.
.N.Y.
.Mass.
.Md.
.N. J.
.N. II.
Vt.
G. M. Colvocoresses.
Francis S. Ilaggerty.
Thos. Brownell
Matthias C. Marin...
Geo. W. Doty
..Vt.
..Penn.
..N.Y.
..R.I.
N Y
Richard AV.Meade...
Alex. Gibson
John DeCanip
Chas. W. Pickering..
Overtoil Carr
Benj. M. Dove
Bernard J. Moeller. .
Roger Perry
Geo. M. White
Stephen Decatur
Edward C. Bowers..
Henry Rolando
..D.C.
..N.Y.
..N.J.
..N.H.
.. .Penn.
..D.C.
..N.Y.
..Md.
..Ga.
..N.H.
..N.Y.
Md.
Thos. M. Brasher
Samuel R. Knox
Edmund Lanier
Jas. F. Armstrong —
Wm. A. Parker
Francis Lowry . . .
Samuel Pearce
R I
A. Davis Harrell.
Tenn
Robert B. Riell
D C.
Matthew C. Perry...
Chas. S. McDonough
Wm. C. West
Francis G. Dallas....
Nathaniel T. West...
Wm. M. Gamble
Edmund W. Henry. .
Geo. F. Morrison
..N.Y.
. . Conn.
..N.Y.
. .Mass.
..Mass.
..N.Y.
..N.Y.
..Ohio.
COMMANDERS.
Geo. A. Stevens
Wm. P. Buckner
Wm. Mitchell
. Tenn.
.Md.
.D.C.
Nathaniel C. Bryant.
JohnF. Abbott
Bayse N. Westcott..
Andrew J.Drake
John C. Beaumont. . .
Trevett Abbott . .
..Me.
. .Penn.
..N. J.
..N. J.
..Penn.
..Mass.
Wm. Gibson
Greenleaf Cilley
.Penn.
.Me.
LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS.
Chas. E. Hawley N. Y.
J. N. Quackenbush. .
..Mass.
* Died, November 29, 1868.
136 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
MARINE CORPS.
Brig, General and Commandant.. JACOB ZEILIN, D. C.
GENERAL STAFF.
Quartermaster WM. B. SLACK, D. C.
Adjutant and Inspector AUG. S. NICHOLSON, D. C.
Paymaster JOHN C. CASH, D. C.
Asst. Quartermasters W. A. T. MADDOX, Mel. ; JAS. WILEY, Ind.
Colonel MATTHEW R. KINTZING, Pcnn.
Lieutenant Colonels JAMES II. JONES, Del. ; CHAS. G. MCCAULET, La.
Majors THOS. Y. FIELD, Penn. ; GEORGE R. GRAHAM, D. C.; JOHN
L. BROOME, N. Y. ; DAVID M. COHEN, Mel.
Captains JAMES LEWIS, Pcnn. ; CLEMENT D. HEBB, Cal. ; PHILIP R.
FENDALL, Jr., D. C. ; JOHN SCHERMERHORN, Incl. ; CHARLES EEYWOOD, D. C. ; LUCIEN
L. DAWSON, Texas ; GEORGE BUTLER, Ark.; GEO. W. COLLIER, Mel.; GEO. P. HOUS
TON, Penn. ; JAMES FORNEY, Penn. ; McLANE TILTON, Md. ; JOHN H.HIGBEE, N. Y. ;
FRANK MUNROE, D.C.; R. W. HUNTINGTON, Conn.; JOSEPH F. BAKER, 111.; WM. IL
PARKER, Wis.; JOHN H. GRIMES, Iowa; WM. J. SQUIRES, N. Y. ; HENRY A. BAKT-
LETT, R. I. ; CHAS. A. STILLMAN, Conn.
NAVAL CONSTRUCTORS.
John Lenthall D.C. Isaiah Hanscom Cal. Thos. Davidson, Jr Penn.
Benj. F.Delano N.H. Edward Hartt N. Y. Thos. E. Webb.... ....N.Y.
RESIGNATIONS, DEATHS AND DISMISSALS.
RESIGNATIONS.
Lieutenant Commander George A. Bigelow. Lieutenant Commander William H. Barton.
" " Thomas S. Spencer.
DEATHS.
Rear Admiral Cadwalader Ringgold. Captain John P. Bankhead.
" " George F. Pearson. Commander Samuel Swartwout.
" " JohnD. Sloat. " John J. Cornwell.
" " James S. Palmer. " Leonard Paulding.
" " Henry H. Bell. " George W. Young.
" " Frederick Engle. -Lieutenant Commander.. James G. Maxwell.
Commodore John Rueld. " A. S. Mackenzie.
Captain Samuel F. Hazard. Charles E. Fleming.
" Henry French.
Marine Corps.
Captain William H. Hale. Captain Jehu A. Burroughs.
DISMISSALS.
Lieut. Com'r Chas. H. Greene,(wholly retired.) Lieutenant Commander. .James Stillwell.
LIST OF VESSELS OP THE UNITED STATES NAVY.
Rates (old tonnage) established July 1, 1807. First Rates.— Vessels of 2.400 tons and up
wards. Second Nates.— Vessels of 1,200 to 2,400 tons. Third Bates.— Vessels of 600 to 1,200
tons. Fourth Rates. — Vessels under 600 tons : i.e., iron clad ; sc., screw ; p. w., paddle wheel;
Bh., ship ; eh. L, ship-of-line ; si., sloop ; fr., frigate ; y., yacht ; s. s., store ship ; t. b., torpedo
boat.
Name. Rate. Class. Guns. Tonnage. Name. Bate. Class. Guns. Tonnage.
Agamenticus 2 i. c 4 1,564. Antietam 1 sc 23 3,177.
Alaska 2....sc 10. ...1,740. Aroostook 4....sc 5.... 507.
Algoma 2....SC 10. ...1,740. Ascutney 3....p.w... 2.... 974.
Algonquin 3. ...p. W...10.... 974. Ashuelot 3. ...p. w... 10.... 1,030.
Alleghany 3....sh 6.... 989. Atlanta 3. ...i.e.... 4. ...1,006.
America 4 y 3 100. Augusta 2 p.w... 9 1,310.
Ammonoosuc 1 — sc 15 3,213. Blue Light 4 sc 0 103.
1869.]
LIST OF NAVY VESSELS.
137
Name. Rate. Clasa. Guns. Tonnage.
Brooklyn 2 . . .sc 20. . . .2,070.
Buckthorn 4....BC 0.... 128.
Camanche 3u...i. c 2 844.
Canandaigua 2 sc 7. . ., 1,395.
Canonicus 3.... i.e.... 2.... 1,034.
Casco 3.... i.e.... 1.... 773.
Catalpa 4....sc 3.... 191.
Catskill 3.... i.e.... 2.... 844.
Chattanooga 1 . . . .sc 15. . . .3,233.
Chenango 3. . . .p. w.. .10. . . . 974.
Chickasaw 3.... i.e.... 4.... 970.
Chimo 3.... i.e.... 1.... 773.
Clinton 4....EC 0.... 60.
Cohasset 4....6C 2.... 100.
Cohoes 3. ...i.e.... 2.... 773.
Colorado 1. . . .sc 44. . . .3,425.
Constellation 2. ... el 10. ... 1,425.
Constitution 2. . . .fr 17. . . .1,607.
Contoocook 2. . . .sc 13. . . .2,348.
Cyane 8....B.B....18.... 972.
Dacotah 3....sc 7.... 996.
Dale: 4.... si 8.... 566.
Dictator 1 .... i. c .... 2. ... 3,033.
Emerald 4....ec 0.... 50.
Btlah 3.... i.e.... 2.... 773.
Florida 2. . . .p. w. . . 5. . . .1,261.
Fortune 4....BC 2.... 350.
Franklin 1 . . . . ec 39 .... 3,684.
'Frolic 3 p.w... 5 880.
Galena 3 ec 8 738.
Gettysburg 3 p.w... 9 726.
Glance 4 sc 0 80.
Glasgow 4 p.w... 2 252.
Guard 3....8.S.... 3.... 1,046.
Guerriere 1 . . . . ec 31 ... .3,177.
Hartford 2. . . .sc 21 ... .1,900.
Hornet 3. ...p.w... 8.... 820.
Huron 4....sc 6.... 507.
Idaho 1 .... 8 . s .... 7 .... 2,638.
Illinois 1 . . . . sc 23. ... 3,177.
Independence 2 fr 22 2,257.
Iroquois 3. . . . sc 6. ... 1,016.
Jamestown 3 — s.s.... 1 — 985.
Java 1 . . . . ec 23. ... 3,177.
Jean Sandb 4 ec 0 139.
Juniata 2 sc 6 1,240.
Kalamazoo 1 i. c — 4 3,200.
Kansas 4 ec 8 593.
Kearsarge 3 sc 7 1,031.
Kenosha 2 sc 10 1,740.
Kewaydin 1 sc 23 3,177.
Kickapoo 3 i.e.... 8 970.
Klamath 3 i. c — 2 773.
Koka 3.... i.e.... 2.... 773.
Lackawanna 2 sc 7 1,533.
Lancaster 2. . . .sc 28. . . .2,362.
Lehigh 3. ...i.e.... 2.... 844.
Leyden 4....8C 2.... 350.
Macedonian 2. . . .si 16. . . .1,341.
Madawaska 1. . . .BC 15. . . .3,281.
Name. Rate. Class. Guns. Tonnage.
Mahaska 3 p. \v.. .10 832.
Mahopac 3 i. c.... 2 1,034.
Manayunk 3 i. c.... 2 1,034.
Manhattan 3 i. c.... 2 1,034.
Manitou 2 sc IS 2,348.
Maria 4....sc 2.... 170.
Marietta 4 i.e.... 2 479.
Marion 4 el 11 566.
Maumee 4 ec 8 593.
Mayflower 4 ec 2 350.
Memphis 3 sc 3 791.
Mercury 4 p.w... 2 187.
Metacomet 3 p.w... 10 S74.
Miantonomoh 2 i. c.... 4 1,564.
Michigan 4 p.w... 8 582.
Mignonnette 4 p.w... 0 50.
Minnesota 1 sc 43 3,307.
Minuetonka 1 S3 23 3,177
Modoc 3 i. c 1 773.
Mohican 3 sc 7 994.
Mohongo 3 p. w. . .10 1,030.
Monaduock 2 i.e.... 4 564.
Monocacy 3 p. w. . . 10 1,030.
Monongahela 2 sc 7 1,378.
Moiitauk 3. ...i.e.... 2.... 844.
Monterey 4 sc 1 87.
Mosholu 2. . . .sc 13. . . .2,348.
Muscoota 3 p. w.. .10 1,030.
Nahant 3. ...i.e.... 2.... 844.
Nantasket 3 sc 10 900.
Nantucket 3 i.e.... 2 844.
Napa 3.... i.e.... 1.... 773.
Narragansett 3 sc 3 809.
Naubuc 3. ...i.e.... 1.... 773.
Nausett.. 3 i.e.... 2 773.
Neosho 4 i.e.... 2 523.
Neshaminy 1....8C 15.... 3,213.
New Hampshire 1 sh. 1...15 2,633.
New Orleans 1. ...sh. 1...—. .. .2,805.
Niagara 1. . . .sc 13. . . .4,582.
Nina 4 sc 2 350.
Nipsic 4 sc 6 593.
Nyack 4....SC 6.... 593.
Ohio l....sh.l... 16.... 2,757.
Omaha 2. . . .sc 10. .. .1,740.
Oneida 3 ec 8 1,032.
Ontario 1 sc 23 3,177.
Onward 3 sh 3 874.
Ossipee 2 sc 6 1,240.
Palos 4 sc 0 .350.
Paseaconaway 1 i. c.... 4 3,200.
Passaic 3. ...i.e.... 2.... 844.
Pawnee 2. . . .sc 11. . . .1,289.
Penobscot 4 sc 9 507.
Pencacola 2 sc 20 2,158.
Periwinkle 4....sc 2.... 387.
Pequot 4. . . . sc 10. ... 593.
Phlox 4.... p.w... 2.... 317.
Pilgrim 4....SC 2.... 170.
Pinta... ...4....8C 2.... 350.
138
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
Name.
Bate.
Class.
Guns.
Tonnage.
Name.
Bate.
Class.
Guns.
Tonnage.
Piscataqua ,
1..
. . PC. . .
23
..3,177.
Speedwell
4..
. .SC.. .
9
... 350.
PompanooBuc
....!..
. .8C...
..19...
.3,713.
Squando
3
. .i. c..
2
... 773.
Port-fire
....4..
. . sc. . .
.. 0..,
. . 103.
Standish
....4..
. .sc.. .
9,
, . . 350.
Portsmouth
3..
..si...
.. 9..
..1,022.
St. Lawrence ,
2. .
..fr...
..10.
...1,726.
Potomac
2
..fr...
..23..
..1,726.
St. Louis
3..
..si...
17
... 700.
Powhatan
1..
..p.w.
. .17. . ,
..2,415.
St. Mary's
3..
. .8. S..
22
... 985.
Primrose
4..
..p.w.
.. 2..
.. 94.
Spuyten Duy vil . . .
....4..
..t. b..
.. 0.
... 110.
Puritan
1..
..i. c..
.. 2..
..3,205.
Suncook
3..
..i.e..
.. 2.
... 773.
Pushmataha
o
. .sc.. .
..13..
..2,348.
Supply
4..
. .s. s..
6
... 547.
Purveyor
3..
. .8. S..
.. 1...
.. 888.
Susquehanna
....!..
..p.w.
..14.
...2,450.
Quinnebaug
....3..
. .SC...
.. 6...
,. 831.
Suwanee
3..
..p.w.
..10.
...1,030.
Qninsigamond
....!..
..i.e..
.. 4...
,.3,299.
Swatara
3..
..sc...
..10.
... 831.
Relief
4..
..S.S..
.. 3..
.. 408.
Tallapoosa
....3..
..p.w.
..10.
... 974.
Resaca
....3..
. .sc...
.. 8...
,. 900.
Ticondcroga ,
2..
. .sc...
.. 9.
...1,533.
Rescue.
.. ..4..
. .sc...
3
. 111.
Tippecanoc
3..
..i.e..
.. 2.
...1,034.
Richmond
2..
. .sc...
..15...
.1,929.
Tonawandah
....2..
..i.e..
.. 4.
...1,564.
Roanoke
1..
..i.e..
6
,.3,435.
Triana
4..
. .sc...
.. 2.
... 350.
Rocket
4..
. .sc...
0
,. 127.
Tunxis
....3..
..i.e..
.. 1.
... 773.
Rose
4..
. .sc...
.. 0...
. 96.
Tuscarora
3..
. .sc...
..10.
. . . 997.
Sabine
....2..
..fr...
,.34...
.1,726.
Umpqua
....3..
. .i. c..
.. 2.
. . . 773.
Saco
4..
. .sc.. .
..10..,
.. 593.
Unadilla
....4..
. .sc...
.. 5.
... 507.
Saginaw
4..
..p.w.
.. 6...
,. 453.
Vandalia
3..
..si...
..13.
... 700.
Sandusky
....4..
. .i. c..
.. 2...
,. 479.
Vanderbilt
....!..
..p.w.
..14.
...3,300.
Sangamon
....3..
..i. c..
.. 2...
. 844.
Vermont
1..
8h 1
16
...2,033.
Santee
2..
..fr...
..50..,
,.1,726.
Virginia
....!..
..sh.l.
..80.
. . . 2,033.
Saranac
2..
..p.w.
..11..,
..1,446.
Wabash
,....!..
..sc...
..42.
...3,274.
Saratoga
3..
..si...
.. 9..
.. 882.
Wachusctt
....3..
. .sc.. .
.. 9.
...1,032.
Sassacus
....3..
. .p.w.
..10..
.. 974.
Wampauoag
1..
. .sc.. .
..15.
...3,281.
Saugus
....3..
..i.e..
.. 2..
..1,034.
Wasp
4..
..p.w.
.. 3.
... 521. <
Savannah
....2..
..si...
12
.1,726.
Wassuc
3..
..i. c..
.. 1.
... 773.
Seminole ,
3..
. .sc...
.. 8...
.. 801.
Waxsaw
3..
i r.
9
... 773.
Shakamaxon
.. ..!..
..i. c..
.. 4..
..3,200.
Winnebago
3..
..i.e..
.. 4.
... 970.
Shamokin
....8...
..p.w.
..10...
,.1,030.
Winnipcc
....3..
..p.w.
..7.
...1,030.
Shawmut
4..
. .SC
.. 8...
. 593.
Wvandank
....4...
,.S. 8..
9.
... 399.
Shawnee
....3..
..i.e..
.. 2..
.. 773.
Wyoming
3..
. . SC. . .
6
... 977.
Shenandoah
2..
. .sc.. .
7
,.1,378.
Yantic
4..
. .sc...
.. 5.
... 593.
Shiloh
....3..
..i.e..
.. 2...
.. 773.
Yazoo
3..
i r,
9,
... 773.
Snowdrop
....4..
. .sc
.. 2...
. 125.
Yuma
3...
i c
2
... 773.
Sorrel
....4..
. .sc
0
. 68.
SUMMARY.
Rates- No. Gung.
First Rate Ships of War 35 672
Second Rate Ships of War 37 491
Third Rate Ships of War 82 436
Fourth Rate Ships of War , . . . 57 183
Total ...211 1,782
NAVAL FORCE.*
During the year 1867 the aggregate naval force was reduced forty vessels and four hundred
and eighty-two guns. The following is a summary of the condition of the vessels of the navy
Dec. 1867 :
Ifo. Guns.
Vessels in squadron service 56 ;507
Apprentice ships 3 52
Receiving ships 8 129
Special and lake service 3. . . . . 54
See page 145.
1869.] SQUADRONS. 139
No. Guns.
Attached to Naval Academy 10 115
On service at yards and stations, including yard and powder tugs, and
vessels used as barracks and coal barges 23 41
Total number of vessels in use 103 898
Iron-clad vessels laid up 49 109
Iron-clad vessels not completed 6 22
Steam vessels not completed 21 332
Sailing vessels not completed, (old line-of-battle ships) 2
Other vessels laid up repairing, fitting for sea and for sale 57 508
Total number of vessels and guns 233 1,809
During the year 1867 there were 11,900 men employed in the naval and coast survey service,
but this number was reduced in 1868 to 8,500 men.
SQUADRONS.
• NORTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON.
Commanding Officer Rear Admiral HKNRY K. HOFP.
Flag-Ship Contoocook 13 guns Captain G. B. BALCH.
Other vessels Glasgow 2 " Yantic 5 guns.
Saco 10 " Penobscot 9 "
SOUTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON.
Commanding Officer Rear Admiral CHARLES H. DAVIS.
Flag-Ship Guerriere 21 guns Captain THOMAS G. COEBIN.
Other vessels Kansas 8 " Shamokin 10 guns.
Pawnee 11 " Wasp 3 "
Quinnebaug 6 "
NORTH PACIFIC SQUADRON.
Commanding Officer Rear Admiral T. T. CRAVEN.
Flag-Ship Pensacola 20 guns Captain E. MIDDLETON.
Other vessels Cyane (store-ship 18 " Ossipec 6 guns.
Jamestown u 0 " Resaca 8 "
Lackawanna 7 " Saginaw 6 "
Mohongo 10 " Saranac 11 "
SOUTH PACIFIC SQUADRON.
Commanding Officer Rear Admiral THOMAS TURNER.
Flag-Ship Powhatan 17 guns Captain DAVID MC-DOUGAL.
Other vessels Dacotah 7 " Tuscarora 10 guns.
Onward (store-ship). 0 " Kearsarge 10 "
Nyack 6 "
EUROPEAN SQUADRON.
Commanding Officer Admiral DAVID G. FARRAGUT.
Flag-Ship Franklin 39 guns Captain A. M. PENNOCK.
Other vessels Canandaigua 7 " Swatara 10 guns.
Frolic 5 " Ticonderoga 9 "
Guard (store-ship).. . 0 "
ASIATIC SQUADRON.
Commanding Officer Rear Admiral S. C. ROWAN.
Flag-Ship Piscataqua 21 guns Captain D. Ammen.
Other vessels Ashuelot 10 " Oneida 8 guns.
Aroostook 5 " Shenandoah 7 "
Iroquois 6 " Unadilla 5 "
Monocacy 10 " Maumee 8 "
140 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
NAVY YARDS AND SHORE STATIONS.
NAVY YARD AT PORTSMOUTH, N. II.
Commandant Rear Admiral JOSEPH LANMAN.
Captain JOHN GUEST.
Ordnance Duty Commander WILLIAM G. TEMPLE.
Navigation Duty Commander E. Y. MCCAULEY.
Receiving SJiip Vandalia Commander W. W. Low.
Marine Officer Major THOMAS Y. FIELD.
NAVY YARD AT BOSTON.
Commandant Commodore JOHN RODGERS.
Captain F. A. PARKER.
Ordnance Duty Captain D. McN. FAIRFAX.
Navigation Duty Commander \VILLIAM K. MAYO.
Receiving Ship Ohio Captain A. BI^YSON.
Marine Officer Lieut. Col. C. J. MCCAWLEY.
NAVY YARD AT NEW YORK.
Commandant Rear Admiral S. W. GODON.
Captain STEPHEN D. TRENCHARD.
Ordnance Duty Captain J. J. ALMY.
Receiving Skip Vermont Commander L. A. KIMBERLY.
Navigation Office Captain J. W. A. NICHOLSON.
Naval Rendezvous Commanders A. C. RHIND and MILTON HAXTUN.
NAVY YARD AT PHILADELPHIA, PENN.
Commandant Commodore J. B. MARCHAND.
Captain A . MURRAY.
Ordnance Duty Commodore J. R. Goldsborongh.
Navigation Duty Commander BANCROFT GHERARDI.
Receiving Ship Potomac Captain JOHN DE CAMP.
LEAGUE ISLAND.
Commandant Commodore OLIVER S. GLISSON.
Marine Officer Col. M. R. KINTZINOK
NAVY YARD AT WASHINGTON, D. C.
Commandant Rear Admiral WILLIAM RADFORD.
Captain T. II. PATTERSON.
Commander JOHN LEE DAVIS.
Ordnance Duty Commander K. R. BREESE.
Navigation Duty Captain HENRY K. DAVENPORT.
NAVY YARD AT NORFOLK, VA.
Commandant Commodore A. H. KILTY.
Captain C. R. P. RODGERS.
Commander T. PATTISON.
Ordnance Duty Captain GEORGE II. COOPER.
Navigation Duty Commander R. T. RENSHAW.
Receiving Ship New Hampshire Commander WILLIAM E. FITZHUGH.
Marine Officer Major DAVID M. COHEN.
NAVAL STATION, MOUND CITY, ILLINOIS.
Commandant Commodore HENRY WALKE.
Iron Clad Duty Commander JAMES P. FOSTER.
NAVY YARD AT PENSACOLA, FLORIDA.
Commandant Commodore T. P. GREENE.
Commander B. N. WESTCOTT.
Navigation Duty Commanders GEO. A. STEVENS and WM. Gisson.
1869.]
PAY OF THE NAVY.
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.
Iron Clad Duty ................................ Captain FRANCIS S. HAGGERTY.
NAVY YARD AT MARE ISLAND, CALIFORNIA.
Corfimandant .................................. Commodore JAMES ALDEN.
Captain ........................................ REED WERDEN.
Ordnance Duty ................................. Commander S. R. FRANKLIN.
Commander .................................... T. S. PIIELPS.
Commander .................................... J. n. RUSSELL.
PAY OP THE NAVY.
All officers, while at sea or attached to a sea-going vessel, shall be allowed
one ration.
The pay of all naval officers appointed by virtue of an act entitled "An
act to provide for the temporary increase of the navy," approved July 24,
1861, shall be the same as that of officers of a like grade in the regular navy.
The law provides that the rate of pay of officers of the navy on the retired
list, and not on duty, nor retired on furlough pay, in cases where such rate
of pay has not heretofore been fixed by law, shall be one half of the pay to
which such officers would be entitled if on duty at sea.
The pay of clerks of navy yards, of clerks to commandants of navy
yards, and of clerks to naval store-keepers was increased twenty-five per
cent, upon their salaries from the commencement of the fiscal year, July 1,
1867. And the retired pay of Surgeons, Paymasters, Engineers and other
staff officers in the navy was made the same as that of the retired officers of
the line with whom they have relative rank.
Officers on the retired and reserved lists of the navy are entitled to pro
motion as their several dates upon the active list are promoted ; but such
promotion does not entitle them to any pay beyond that to which they were
entitled when retired, unless upon active duty, when they shall receive the
full pay of their respective grades.
PAY TABLE.
Grades. Paj per Annum.
ADMIRAL ................................................................................ $10,000
VICE-ADMIRAL.— When at sea .............................................................. 7,000
When on shore duty ................................................................. 6,000
On leave or waiting orders .......................................................... 5,000
REAR-ADMIRALS, (Active List). — When at sea .................. ............................ 5,000
When on shore duty ................................................................. 4,000
On leave or waiting orders .......................................................... 3,000
On Retired List ..................................................................... 2,000
COMMODORES, (Active List).— When at sea ................................................. 4,000
When on shore duty ................................................................. 3.200
On leave or waiting orders .......................................................... 2,400
On Retired List ...................................................................... 1.800
CAPTAINS, (Active List).— When at sea ..................................................... 3,500
When on shore duty ................................................................. 2,800
On leave or waiting orders .......................................................... 2,100
On Retired Lint ...................................................................... 1,600
COMMANDERS. (Active List).— When at sea ................................................. 2,800
When on shore duty ................................................................. 2,240
On leave or waiting orders .......................................................... 1,680
On Retired List ................ ,
142 . THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Grades. Pay per Annum.
LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS, (Active Lisf).—Whcn at sea $2,343
When on shore duty 1,875
On leave or waiting orders 1.500
On Retired List 1,300
LIEUTENANTS, (Active List).—^\1\oii at sea 1.875
When on shore duty 1,500
On leave or waiting orders 1.200
On Retired List 1,000
MASTERS, (Active List).— When at sea 1.500
When on shore duty 1,200
On leave or waiting orders 900
On Retired List 800
ENSIGNS, (Active List).— When at sea 1.200
When on shore duty 960
On leave or waiting orders 708
On Retired List 500
MIDSHIPMEN — After graduating and while on sea-service 800
Prior to graduating and when on shore duty or leave 500
MATES— After one year's continuous service and on sea-service 720
On other duty or on leave *4SO
FLEET SURGEONS 3,300
SURGEONS— On duty at sea—
For first five years after date of commission as surgeon 2.200
For second five years after date of commission as surgeon 2,400
For third five years after date of commission as surgeon 2.GOO
For fourth five years after date of commission as surgeon 2.800
For twenty years and upwards after date of commission 3,000
On other duty—
For first five years after date of commission as surgeon 2.000
For second five years after date of commission as surgeon 2,200
For third five years after date of commission as surgeon 2,400
For fourth five years after date of commission as surgeon 2,000
For twenty years and upwards after date of commission 2,800
On leave or waiting orders —
For first five years after date of commission as surgeon 1,600
For second five years after date of commission as surgeon 1,800
For third five years after date of commission as surgeon 1,900
For fourth five years after date of commission as surgeon 2.100
For twenty years and upwards after date of commission 2,300
RETIRED SURGEONS — Surgeons ranking with captains 1.000
Surgeons ranking with commanders 1,400
Surgeons ranking with lieutenant commanders 1 .309
PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEONS— On duty at sea 1.500
On other duty 1. 100
On leave or waiting orders , . .1.100
RETIRED PASSED AND ASSISTANT SURGEONS —
Passed, ranking with lieutenants , 1,000
Assistants, ranking with masters 800
ASSISTANT SURGEONS— On duty at sea l.-;>50
On other duty 1,050
On leave or waiting orders 800
FLEET PAYMASTERS 3,300
PAYMASTERS — On duty at sea —
For first five years after date of commission 2.000
For second five years after date of commission 2,400
For third five years after date of commission 2,000
For fourth five years after date of commission 2,900
For twenty years and upwards after date of commission 3,100
* Mates whose pay is $40 per month, to receive 20 per cent, additional.
1869.] PAY OF THE NAVY. 143
Grades. pay per Annum.
PAYMASTERS— On other duty.
For first five years after date of commission $1,800
For second five years after date of commission 2,100
For third five years after date of commission 2,400
For fourth five years after date of commission 2.000
For twenty years and upwards after date of commission 2,800
On leave or waiting orders —
For first five years after date of commission 1,400
For second five years after date of commission l.GOO
For third five years after date of commission 1,800
For fourth five years after date of commission 2,000
For twenty years and upwards after date of commission 2,250
PAYMASTERS RETIRED— Ranking with captains 1,COO
Ranking with commanders 1,400
Ranking with lieutenant commanders 1,000
PASSED ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS— On duty at sea 1,500
On other duty MOO
On leave or waiting orders 1,200
ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS— On duty at sea-
First five years after date of commission 1,300
After five years from date of commission 1,500
On other duty —
First five years after date of commission 1,000
After five years from date of commission 1,200
On leave or waiting orders — First five years after date of commission 800
After five years from date of commission 1,000
RETIRED ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS 800
NAVAL CONSTRUCTORS— On duty— First five years in service • 2,400
Second five years in service 2,GOO
Third five years in service 2,800
Fourth five years in service 3,000
Over twenty years in service 3,200
On leave or waiting orders — First five years in service 1,000
Second five years in service 1,800
Third five years in service 2.000
Fourth five years in sendee 2,200
Over twenty years in service 2,400
On Retired List— Ranking with Captain 1,000
Ranking with commander 1,400
Ranking with lieutenant commander 1,300
Assistant Naval Constructors 2,000
CHAPLAINS— To be paid as lieutenants, except when retired, when their pay is the same
as retired officers of the line with whom they have relative rank.
PROFESSORS OF MATHEMATICS — On duty 1,800
On leave or waiting orders 9GO
BOATSWAINS, GUNNERS, CARPENTERS, AND SAII MAKERS— On duty at sea—
For first three years' sea-service from date of appointment 1,000
For second three years' sea-service from date of appointment 1.150
For third three years' sea-service from date of appointment 1,250
For fourth three years' sea-service from date of appointment 1,350
For twelve years' sea-service and upwards 1,450
On other duty — For first three years' sea-service after date of appointment 800
For second three years' sea-service after date of appointment 900
Fo.r third three years' sea-service after date of appointment 1.000
For fourth three years' sea-service after date of appointment 1,100
For twelve years' sea-service and upwards 1,200
On leave or waiting orders — For first three years' sea-service after date of appointment f>00
For second three years' sea-service after date of appointment ?00
For third three years' sea-service after date of appointment 8
For fourth three years' sea-service after date of appointment
For twelve years' sea-service and upwards 1.000
144 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Grades. Pay per annum.
FLEET ENGINEERS $3,300
ENGINEERS— Chief Engineer, (on duty)— For first five years after date of commission 2,200
For second five years after date of commission 2,500
For third five years after date of commission 2,800
After fifteen years from date of commission 3,000
On leave or waiting orders— For first five years after date of commission 1,500
For second five years after date of commission 1,000
For third five years after date of commission 1,700
After fifteen years from date of commission 1,800
Retired Chief Engineers— Chief engineers ranking with captains 1,GOO
Chief engineers ranking with commanders 1,400
Chief engineers ranking with lieutenant commanders 1,200
First Assistant Engineers— On duty 1,500
On leave or waiting orders 1,1CO
Retired First Assistant Engineers 800
Second Assistant Engineers — On duty 1,200
On leave or waiting orders 900
Retired Second Assistant Engineers 500
Third Assistant Engineers— -On duty 1,000
On Jeave or waiting orders 300
SECRETARY TO ADMIRAL AND VICE-ADMIRAL— Sea pay and allowance to each of a lieutenant.
SECRETARIES to commanders of squadrons 1,500
CLERKS, APOTHECARIES, &c.— To commanders of squadrons and commanders of vessels. . 5GO
First clerks to commandants of navy -yards, and clerks of navy-yards .1,200
Second clerks to commandants 9GO
Commandant's clerk, navy-yard, Mare island 1,500
Clerk of navy-yard 1,500
To paymasters at Boston, New York, Washington, and Philadelphia stations 1,200
At other stations 1,000
To inspectors in charge of provisions and clothing at Boston, New York and Phila. .1,200
At other inspections 1,000
To receiving ships at Boston and New York 1,200
In other receiving ships, and in vessels of the first rate, and at the Naval Academy. .1,000
To fleet paymasters and to paymasters of vessels of the second rate 800
To paymasters of vessels of the third rate, when allowed 700
Apothecaries, first class 750
Apothecaries at Mare Island, first class 1,000
Apothecaries, second class, per month 40
Apothecaries, third class, per month CO
Paymaster's writers, first class, (at navy-yards, receiving-ships, and Naval Academy) . . . 750
Paymaster's writers, second class, per month, (attached to first and second rates,
storeships, and to third and fourth rates, where no paymaster's clerk is allowed) . . 40
Paymaster's writers, third class, per month, (where paymaster's clerks are allowed) 33
PETTY OFFICERS, SEAMEN, &c.
PAY PER MONTH.
lit Rate. SdRate. 3d Kate. 4th Rate.
Chief Boatswain's Mates $30 $30
Boatswain's Mates in Charge 30 30 $30 $30
Boatswai-i's Mates 27 27 27 27
Chief Gunner's Mates 30 30
Gunner's Mates in Charge 30 30 30 30
GunnerV Mates 27 27 27 27
Chief Quartermasters 30 80 28 28
Quartermasters 25 25 25 25
Cockswains to Commandere-in-Chief 30 30 80 30
Cockswains 25 25 25 25
Captains of Forecastle 25 25 25 25
Captains of Tops 25 25 25 25
Quarter Gunners 25 25 25 25
Carpenter's Mates 30 30 30 30
1869.] PAY OF THE NAVY. 145
PAT PER MONTH.
1st Rate. 2dRate. 3d Rate. 4th Rate.
Carpenters, including Caulker? .' $20 $20 $20 $20
Sailmaker's Mates 25 25 25 25
Painters, let Class 25 25
Painters, 2d Class 22 22 22 22
Coopers 22 22 22.. 22
Armorers 35 30
Armorer's Mates 22 22 22 .22
Captains of Hold 25 25 25 25
Captains of Afterguard 25 25 25 25
Ship's Cooks 30 30 26 26
Bakers 25 25 22 22
Yeomen 45 40 35 30
Master-at-Arms 40 35 30 25
Machinists 40 40 40 40
Schoolmasters 35. . .' 30 25 20
Ship's Writers 30 25 20 18
Ship's Corporals 22 22 22 .22
Masters of the Bands .35 30
Musicians, 1st Class 20 20
Musicians, 2d Class 1G 16
Stewards to Commanders-in-Chief -. 40 40 40 40
Cooks to Commanders-in-Chief 35 35 35 35
Cabin Stewards 35 35 35 35
Cabin Cooks... 30 30 30 30
Wardroom Stewards 30 30 30 .30
Wardroom Cooks 25 25 25 25
Steerage Stewards 20 20 20 20
Steerage Cooks 18 18 18 18
"Warrant Officers' Stewards 18 18 18 18
Warrant Officers' Cooks 14 14 14 14
Seamen 20 20 20 20
Ordinary Seamen 16 16 16 16
Landsmen 14 14 14 14
Nurses 14 14 14 14
Boys, 1st Class 10 10 10 10
Boys, 2d Class 9 9 9 9
Boys, 3d Class 8 8 8 8
Firemen, 1st Class 30 30 30 30
Firemen, 2d Class 25 25 25 25
Coal-heavers 20 20 20! . '. . . .20
The List of Vessels in the Navy was corrected at the Navy Department, October, 1868. From
that time to December, several changes were made by which the naval force was still further
reduced. The changes in the squadrons are as follows:
The Gettysburg of 9 guns, and the Nipsic of 6 guns, have at different times been in Haytien
waters, connected with the North Atlantic Squadron. The Shamokin, from the South Atlantic
Squadron; the Canandaigua, from the European Squadron, and the Shenandoah, from the
Asiatic Squadron, have returned, or have been ordered home, and the Idaho, (store and hospital
ehip) of 7 guns, is attached to the Asiatic Squadron.
Exhibit of the Naval Force, December, 1868. The number of vessels in squadron service, as
cruisers, storeships and returning is 42, carrying 411 guns— a reduction during the year of 14
vessels, carrying 96 guns. The number of vessels of all descriptions in use as cruisers, store-
ships, receiving ships, tugs, &c., is 81, carrying 693 guns— a reduction from last year of 22 ves
sels, carrying 205 guns. The total number of vessels borne upon the navy list is 206, carrying
1,743 guns— a reduction during the year of 32 vessels, carrying 126 guns.
No. Guns.
Iron-clad vessels 52 129
Screw steamers 95 938
Paddle wheel steamers 28 199
Sailing vessels 31 477
Total 7206 1,743
IP
146 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE.*
The ordinary business of this office may be classified under the following
heads :
1. Official opinions on the current business of the government, as called
for by the President, by any -head of department, or by the Solicitor of the
Treasury.
2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arse
nals, custom-houses, light-houses, and all other public works of the United
States.
3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the courts of
the United States.
4. Application for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of
the government.
5. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the
United States in which the government is concerned.
6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the departments,
when referred by the head thereof to the Attorney General.
To these ordinary heads of the business of the office is added at the pres
ent time the direction of all appeals on land claims in California.
Attorney General WM. M. EVARTS $8,000
Assistant Attorney General J. HUBLEY ASHTON 4,000
" " " T. LYLE DICKEY ..4,000
Chief Clerk MATTHEW F. PLEASANTS 2,200
JUDICIARY.*
The Constitution provides that the judicial power of the United States
shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as congress
may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the
supreme and inferior courts, hold their offices during good behavior ; and at
stated times receive for their services a compensation, which is not to be
diminished during their continuance in office.
The judicial power extends to all cases in law and equity arising under
this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which
shall be made under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other
public ministers and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime juris
diction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to
controversies between two or more states ; between a state and citizens of
another state, between citizens of different states, between citizens of the
same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a
state, or the citizens thereof, and of foreign states, citizens or subjects.
In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and
those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court has original juris
diction. In all other cases before mentioned, the supreme court has appellate
* Corrected by Clerk of Supreme Court, October, 1868.
1869.] JUDICIARY. 147
jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such
obligations as congress shall make.
SUPREME COURT OP THE UNITED STATES.
Chief Justice, Salmon P. Chase, Ohio..
Associate Justices, Samuel Nelson, New York; Robert C. Grier, Pennsylvania; Nathan Clif
ford, Maine ; Noah H. Swayne, Ohio ; Samuel F. Miller, Iowa ; David Davis, Illinois ; Stephen
J. Field, California.
Clerk, D. \V. Middleton ; Marshal, R. C. Parsons ; Reporter, John Wm. Wallace.
Salary of Chief Justice, $6,500 ; of each Associate Justice, $6,000.
CIRCUIT COURTS.*
This country is divided into nine Judicial Circuits, in each of which a Circuit
Court is held twice every year, for each State within the Circuit, by a Justice
of the Supreme Court, assigned to the Circuit, and by the District Judge of
the State or district in which the Court sits.
The Circuit Courts have both original and appellate jurisdiction. They
have concurrent jurisdiction with the State Courts, where the matter in dis
pute exceeds the sum of $500, and the United States are plaintiffs ; or where
an alien is a party ; or where the suit is between citizens of different States.
They have exclusive jurisdiction in all cases of crimes against the laws of the
United States, except where the law especially confers the power on other
Courts.
The District Courts have exclusive original jurisdiction in all admiralty
and maritime causes.
\st Circuit — Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Rhode Island JUDGE CLIFFORD.
M Circuit— Connecticut, New York and Vermont JUDGE NELSON.
3d Circuit— New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware JUDGE GRIER.
4th Circuit— Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North and South
Carolina CHIEF JUSTICE CHASE.
5th Circuit— Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and
Texas
6th Circuit— Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee JUDGE SWAYNE.
1th Circuit— Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin JUDGE DAVIS.
8th Circuit — Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas and Nebraska JUDGE MILLER.
9th Circuit— California, Oregon and Nevada JUDGE FIELD.
COURT OF CLAIMS.
The Court of Claims was established in 1855 ; it hears and determines all
claims founded upon a law of Congress, or regulation of an executive depart
ment, or upon any contract with the government of the United States.
Chief Justice, Joseph Casey.
Judges, Edward J. Loring, Ebenezer Peck, Charles C. Nott, Samuel Milligan.
Chief Clerk, Samuel H. Huntington. Assistant Clerk, John Randolph. Bailiff, Stark B. Taylor.
SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Chief Justice, David K. Cartter.
Associate Justices, Abraham B. Olin, George P. Fisher, Andrew Wylie.
Attorney, Edward C. Carrington ; Marshal, David S. Gooding ; Clerk, Return J. Meige ; Reg
ister of Deeds, F. P. Cuppy.
Salary of Chief Justice, $4,500 ; of each Associate Justice, $4,000.
*For District Courts and Officers see the different states.
148 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
[Corrected at. Post Office Department, October, 1868.J
The management of the Post Office Department is assigned by the Con
stitution and laws to the Postmaster Generalt
The Appointment Office, at the head of which is the First Assistant Post
master General, attends to the establishment and discontinuance of post
offices, changes of sites and names, appointment and removal of postmasters
and route of local agents, and giving of instructions to postmasters. It
provides marking and rating stamps and letter balances for postmasters,
and blanks and stationery for the use of the department, and superintends
the several agencies established for supplying postmasters with blanks, wrap
ping paper and twine. It has the supervision of the ocean mail steamship
lines and of the foreign and international postal arrangements.
The Contract Office, at the head of which is the Second Assistant Post
master General, arranges the mail service, and places the same under contract,
corresponds and acts respecting the trips, conveyance, departures and
arrivals on all the routes, the course of the mail between the different sec
tions of the country, the points of distribution, and the regulations for the
government of the domestic mail service. It prepares the advertisements,
receives the bids, and takes charge of the annual and occasional mail let-
tings; the adjustment and execution of the contracts; application for the
establishment or alteration of mail arrangements, and the appointment of
mail messengers. All claims for transportation service not under contract
are to be recognized by the Contract Office as authority for the proper credits
at the Auditor's Office. Postmasters at the end of routes receive from it
the statement of mail arrangements prescribed for the respective routes.
It reports weekly to the Auditor all contracts executed, and all orders affect
ing accounts for mail transportation ; prepares the statistical exhibits of
the mail service, and the reports of the mail lettings, giving a statement of
each bid ; also, of the contracts made, the new service originated, the cur
tailments ordered, and the additional allowances granted within the year.
To the Inspection Division of this Office, is assigned the duty of receiving
and examining the registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certifi
cates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures ; of noting the
delinquencies of contractors, and preparing cases thereon for the action of the
Postmaster General ; furnishing blanks for mail registers, and reports of mail
failures ; providing and sending out mail-bags and mail locks and keys ; the
suppression of all cases of mail depredation, of violation of law by private
express, or by the forging or illegal use of postage stamps.
All communications respecting lost money, lost letters, mail depredations,
or ofher violations of laws should be directed to this division.
The Finance Office, the head of which is the Third Assistant Postmaster
General, supervises the financial business of the department not devolved
by law upon the Auditor, embracing accounts with the draft officers and
other depositaries of the department, the issuing of warrants and drafts in
payment of balances reported by the Auditor to be due to mail contractors
18ft).] POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 149
and other persons, the supervision of tho accounts of officers under order
to deposit their quarterly balances at designated points, and the superin
tendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of post
age. It has charge of the dead-letter office, of the issuing of postage stamps
and stamped envelopes for the % prepayment of postage, and of the accounts
connected therewith.
To the Third Assistant Postmaster General, all postmasters should direct
their quarterly returns of postage ; those at -draft offices, their letters report
ing quarterly the net proceeds of their offices ; and those at depositing
offices, their certificates of deposit. To him should also be directed the
weekly and monthly returns of the depositaries of the department, as well
as all applications and receipts for postage stamps and stamped envelopes,
and for dead letters.
CHIEF OFFICERS IN POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Postmaster General ALEX. W. RANDALL. $8,000
First Assistant Postmaster General .ST. JOHN B. L. SKINNER 3,500
Second Assistant Postmaster General GEORGE W. MCLELLAN 3,500
Third Assistant Postmaster General A LEX. N. ZEVELY 3,500
Superintendent of Money Order System C. F. MACDONALD 3,000
Superintendent of Foreign Mails J. H. BLACKFAN 3,000
Chief Clerk .:........ E. L. CHILDS ........:....... 2,200
Disbursing Clerk and Superintendent WILLIAM BELL 2,000
Chief Clerk of Appointment Office JAMES H. MARR 2,000
Chief Clerk of Contract Office REVERE W. GURLEY 2,000
Chief Clerk of Finance Office. . . WM. M. IRELAND :::.:....:.. 2,000
Topographer W. L. NICHOLSON 1,800
Money Order Office D. A. HAYNES 1,800
Blank Agent ROBERT P. CADY 1,800
REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES OF POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
The ordinary postal revenue for the year ending June 30, 1868, was $16,-
292,600.80 ; the expenditures for the same time, including service for which
special appropriations were made, $22,730,592.65 ; excess of expenditures, $6,-
437,991.85. The receipts were : From postages, $16,292,600; amounts drawn
from the treasury under acts making appropriations for " carrying free matter,"
$3,800,000; under acts making special appropriations for " overland mail and
marine service between New York and California," $1,125,000; "steamship
service between San Francisco, Japan and China," $125,000; between the
" United States and Brazil," $150,000 ; for " carrying the mail on routes estab
lished by acts passed during the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress,"
$486,525 ; " for preparing and publishing post route maps," $10,000, making
the receipts from all sources, $21,989,125. The expenditures of all kinds
were $22,730,592, as above stated; excess over receipts, $741,466.
The ordinary expenses of the department, not including mail transporta
tion provided for by special appropriations, were $21,555,592.65; and the
ordinary receipts, including the amount drawn under appropriation for
carrying free mail matter, were $20,092,600.80, showing an excess of expen
ditures of $1,462,991.85, for $741,466.85, of which, a special appropria
tion will be required. The receipts for postages, as compared with the
150 T1IE AMERICAN YEAI1-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
previous year, show an increase of 6 per cent., and the expenditures an
increase of 18.1 per cent.
POSTAL CONVENTIONS.
Postal Conventions with Great Britain and Countries on the Continent of
Europe. Liberal postal conventions, with general uniformity of principles
and details, have been concluded with the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the North German
Union, and Italy, securing important reductions of postage, and introducing
other valuable improvements in our postal intercourse with those countries.
The new postal convention concluded with the United Kingdom, which goes
into operation January 1, 1869, establishes the following rates of interna
tional postage, viz :
1. Letters — Twelve cents per single rate of 15 grammes (half ounce) in the
United States, and sixpence (12 cents) in the United Kingdom, prepayment
optional. A fine of Jive cents in the United States, and twopence (4 cents) in
the United Kingdom will, however, be levied and collected in addition to the
deficient postage on each unpaid or insufficiently prepaid letter received by
one country from the other.
2. Newspapers — Two cents each in the United States, and one penny each in
the United Kingdom, if not exceeding/owr ounces in weight.
3. Boole-packets (including printed papers of all kinds, &c.), and patterns
or samples of merchandise (including seeds and grain) : When not exceeding
one ounce in weight, two cents in the United States, and one penny in the United
Kingdom. When exceeding one ounce and not exceeding two ounces in weight
four cents in the United States, and twopence in the United Kingdom. When
exceeding two ounces and not exceeding four ounces in weight six cents in the
United States, and threepence in the United Kingdom. When exceeding four
ounces in weight, an additional rate of six cents in the United States, and
threepence in the United Kingdom will be charged for every additional four
ounces or fraction thereof. The postage chargeable as above, upon all articles
of printed matter, including patterns or samples of merchandise, must le
fully prepaid at the mailing office in either country, and is in full to desti
nation — the receiving country delivering the same without charge.
4. Each country to make its own arrangements for the dispatch of mails
to the other by well appointed ships, and to pay for the transportation of the
mails which it dispatches.
5. The free transfer of extra territorial mails in the seaports of the two
countries is provided for.
The conventions concluded with Belgium, the Netherlands, the North
German Union, Italy, and Switzerland, respectively, contain substantially
the same principles and provisions as the convention with the United King
dom, with such slight modifications as were necessary to meet the peculiari
ties of the postal system of each country.
The single rate for letters between the United States and Belgium, by
closed mails through England, is reduced from 27 to 15 cents; between the
1869.] POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 151
United States and Prussia embracing all the States now included within the
North German Union, the single letter rate is reduced from 30 to 15 cents ;
and the same rate of fifteen cents has been established to the Netherlands,
Italy, and to Switzerland, respectively, by closed mails through England,
thus securing a uniform rate of letter postage to each of these countries.
The conventions with Belgium and the North German Union also estab
lish a reduced international rate of ten cents for letters transmitted by
regular lines of mail steamships plying directly between any port of the
United States and any port of the north of Europe.
The principle of free transit for correspondence transmitted in closed
mails is adopted in the conventions witl^fthe Netherlands and Italy, and in
each of the other conventions very low fa ansit charges are established.
Postal Convention with Hong Kon^ China. A postal convention, with
simple provisions avoiding postage accounts, has also been concluded with
the colonial government of Hong Kong, China. The arrangements made
with the Hong Kong office embrace correspondence originating in the United
States and addressed to Hong Kong or to the dependent Chinese ports with
which Hong Kong maintains postal relations, including Canton, Amoy,
Swatow, and Foo Chow ; and, vice versa of correspondence originating in
Hong Kong or the dependent Chinese ports, and addressed to the United
States. Prepayment is compulsory.
Each office retains the postage which it collects at the established rates
on the correspondence which it forwards to the other, and the receiving
office delivers free of charge.
Mail Steamship service to Japan and China. The mail steamship service
between the United States and China authorized by the act of Congress,
approved February 17, 1865, was commenced on the 1st of January, 1867,
by the departure of the steamship Colorado from San Francisco with the
mails for Japan and China. The average duration of the first three voyages
of the Colorado was as follows, viz. : ,
Pars. Hours. Minutei.
From San Francisco to Yokohama . 22 17 41
From San Francisco to Hong Kong including detention at Yokohama. 30 11 10
From Yokohama to Hong Kong 6 2 48
From Hong Kong to Yokohama 7 12 46
From Yokohama to San Francisco 21 9 0
From Hong Kong to San Francisco including detention at Yokohama. 30 22 7
A supplemental contract was executed on the 20th of March, 1867, for
the conveyance of the United States mails without additional charge, in lieu
of the Honolulu service released, by a branch line of steamers between
Yokohama, or other port in Japan used by the main line, and the port of
Shanghai, in China, making continuous regular monthly trips between said
ports in connection with the main line, both on the outward and homeward
voyages.
POSTAL SERVICE.
Post Offices and Delivery of Letters. A large majority of offices discon
tinued are in the southern states, the service at which was suspended by
152 THE AMERICAN -YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
order of the Postmaster General, in May, 1861, and were not in operation
thereafter, but not regularly discontinued. These offices were reported by
the Auditor to the appointment office as having failed to make returns for
five years, and their discontinuance recommended as necessary to enable that
officer to close the accounts of the late postmasters on the books of his office,
and for that reason it was deemed advisable to formally discontinue them.
The free delivery of letters by carriers has been in operation during the
past year in forty-eight of the principal cities. The number of carriers em
ployed was 1,198, at an aggregate compensation of $995,934.34. This mode
of delivery continues to grow in public favor, and experience justifies the
belief that it will supersede the system of box delivery, increase correspond
ence, and not only pay its expenses, but yield a revenue to the department.
STATISTICS FOR FISCAL YEAH ENDING JUNE 30, 1867.
Appointments. The number of post offices established during the year was 1,885
Number discontinued 6,111
Decrease of offices 4,220
Number of post offices in operation on the 30th of June, 1866, including suspended offices
in the Southern States 29,389
Total number in operation on the 30th of Jnne, 18(57 25,163
Number of offices subject to appointment by the President 837
Number by the Postmaster-General 24,326
Appointments made to fill vacancies by resignation of postmasters 4,065
By removals 3,444
By change of name and sites 135
By death of postmasters 215
By establishment of new offices 1,885
Total number of appointments 9,744
Number of cases acted upon 15,960
Number of special agents 43 Aggregate compensation $113,590
Number of postal route clerks 170 Aggregate compensation . . 197,500
Number of route agents 493 Aggregate compensation 485,100
Number of local mail agents 60 Aggregate compensation 40,358
Number of regular baggage-masters 48 Aggregate compensation 8,320
Number of temporary baggage-masters 56 Aggregate compensation 3,402
Number of mail route messengers 29 Aggregate compensation 16,060
Total 899 $859,330
Postage Stamps and Stamped Envelopes. There were issued during the year,
371,599,605 postage stamps of the value of $11,578,607; 44,566,150 plain stamped envelopes, rep
resenting $1,290,588.50; 16,662,150 stamped envelopes bearing printed cards and requests, rep
resenting $494,712.50; and 1,857,750 newspaper wrappers, valued at $37,155. The aggregate
value was $13,401,063. The issue of postage stamps compared with the previous year shows
an increase of about 6.5 per cent., whilst the issue of stamped envelopes increased almost 61
per cent. The sales of postage stamps and stamped envelopes during the year amounted to
$12,988.134.32, leaving unsold in the hands of postmasters, $412,928.78.
Contracts and Mail Routes. There were in the service of the department on the 30th
June. 1867. 6,376 contractors for the transportation of mails. Of mail routes in operation there
were 7.743; aggregate length. 203,245 miles ; aggregate annual transportation, 78,982,789 miles ;
aggregate annual cost, $9.336,286 ; including the compensation of postal railway clerks, route
agents, local agents, mail messengers, mail route messengers, and baggage masters in charge
of mails, $1,020,871, the aggregate annual cost was $10,357,157. This service was divided as
follows, viz:
Rattrond Routes: Length, 34,015 miles; annual transportation, 32,437,900 miles ; annual cost,
$3,812,600; about 11.75 cents per mile.
1869.] POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 15 3
Steamboat Routes : Length, 15,094 miles; annual transportation, 3,210,740 miles; annual cost
$472,206 ; about 14.7 cents per mile.
Celerity, Certainty, and Security Routes: Length, 153,136 miles; annual transportation,
43,334,149 miles ; annual cost, $5,051,480; about 11.65 cents per mile.
The length of routes was increased over the preceding year 22,324 miles ; the annual trans
portation, 7,141,875; and cost, $1,705,812; to which add increased cost for railway postal clerks,
route, local, and other agents, $241,161, makes an aggregate of $1,946,973.
Fines and Deductions. The amount of fines imposed and deductions made from the
pay of contractors, for failures and other delinquencies during the year, was $188,839.46, and
the amount remitted for the same period was $42,931.79, leaving the net amount of fines and
deductions $145,907.97.
Mail Bags. The amount expended for mail bags was $80,440, an excess of $26,812.50 over
the expenditure of the previous year, but less by $11,275.86 than that of the year next preceding.
Railway Postal Service. There are now in operation in the United States eighteen
railway postal routes, extending in the aggregate over 4,435 miles, upon 879 miles of which
twice daily service is performed, making a total equal to 5,314 miles of railway postal service
daily each way. There are employed in this service 160 men, as head clerks, and clerks, at a
cost of $187,900 per annum.
Foreign Mail Service. The aggregate amount of postage upon the correspondence
exchanged with foreign countries was $2,441,242.52, an increase of $152,023.22 over the previous
year. Of this amount, $1,969,605.55 accrued on the correspondence exchanged in the mails with
Great Britain, France, Prussia, Bremen, Hamburg and Belgium,* $348,303.88 on correspond
ence exchanged with the British North American provinces, and $123,3-33.09 on mails transmitted
to and from the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America, the Sandwich Islands,
Japan and China. The United States portion of the postage on correspondence exchanged
with Great Britain and the continent of Europe, amounted to $871,223.45 ; with the British
North American provinces, $196,848.13 ; and with the West Indies, &c., $123,333.09, making the
total United.States postages on foreign mails, $1,191,404.67. The number of letters exchanged
with foreign countries (exclusive of the British North American provinces) was 10,298,234, of
which 5,312,401 were sen^ from, and 4,985,833 received in the United States. Of this number
9,442,111 were exchanged with European countries, an increase of 877,264 as compared with
the previous year. The estimated number exchanged with the British provinces was 2,806,000,
making a total of over 13,100,000 letters exchanged in the mails with foreign countries. The
number of newspapers sent to foreign countries, exclusive of the British North American
provinces, was 2,956,599, and the number received, 1,871,710, making a total of 4,828,482. Of
this number, 4,418,482 were exchanged with European countries.
The cost of the trans-Atlantic mail steamship service under the provisions of the law allow
ing sea and inland postages to American, and sea postages only to foreign steamships was
$551,338.01. The amount paid for the transportation of mails to and from the West Indies, was
$60.711.77. and the amount paid for sea and Isthmus conveyance of mails to and from Central
and South America via Panama, was $22,956.79 ; making a total expenditure for ocean trans-
portation of $635,006.57, exclusive of the payments made to the Brazil and China lines, receiv
ing subsidies for mail service under special acts of Congress.
Balance due Foreign Post Departments ; The excess of postage collections in the United States
On the correspondence exchanged with Great Britain and countries on the continent of Europe
was $564,757.13. and the balance against the United States on adjustment of the international
postage accounts with those countries amounted to $357,223.77.
Dead Letters. The number of letters consigned to the dead letter office during the past
fiscal year, was 3.619,062 dead domestic letters, partly estimated; 443,786 unmailable letters,
Chiefly held for non-payment of postage ; 179,4(56 dead letters mailed in foreign countries, and
64,194 letters mailed in the United States, and returned as "dead" from the foreign countries
to which they were originally addressed ; making a total from all sources of 4,306,508, a decrease
of 892,097 letters from the same total as estimated for the previous year. The whole number
of dead letters, of domestic and foreign origin, and returned from the local offices of the United
States, was 3,798,528; a decrease of 789,514 as compared with the returns of the previous year.
The whole number of unmailable letters was 443.786, a decrease since last report of 94,337.
Of the number received, 7.961 letters were directed to places having no mail service.
The number of money letters containing sums of one dollar and upwards was 21,365, enclos
ing $138,365, of which 668, containing $8,564.56, were registered. There were restored to owners
18,577 letters, containing $127,135.43.
The number of money letters containing sums of less than one dollar was 13,770, enclosing
$3,369.24 ; of these, 10,372 containing $3,485.09, were restored to owners.
154 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The amount of money taken from unclaimed letters filed prior to July 1, 1867, was $19,914.67,
which, together with $5,159,20 realized from the sale of waste paper, amounting to $25,073,87,
was deposited in the treasury.
The number of letters enclosing bills of exchange, checks, deeds, and other papers, classed
as "minor" letters, was 21,262 with a nominal value of $5,109,554.48. Of this class 19,991
letters were restored to owners.
The number of letters enclosing photographs, jewelry, and other articles, classed as " prop
erty " letters, was 49,386, of which 34,892 were restored to owners.
The number of foreign letters returned unopened to the countries where they originated was
186,189, and those received from foreign countries was 64,194.
The number of ordinary letters remailed to writers was 1,677,875 ; of these, 1,421,871, or 84 per
cent, were delivered. It thus appears that of 4,306,508 letters consigned to the dead letter office
during the year, there have been restored to owners 1,611,686 ; filed and held for future dispo
sition, 18,553 ; and returned to foreign countries 186,189, leaving a balance of 2,490,080 indicative
of the number that were properly or unavoidably destroyed. Of these, about 1,500,000 were
worthless, being mostly circulars and gift or lottery advertisements ; 256,004 were sent out but
not delivered, leaving about 1,000,000 without signatures, or so written as to be unintelligible.
In 1859, there were 381 dead letters to every one thousand dollars of postage revenue ; in 1861,
339 ; in 1862, 302 ; in 1863, 246 ; in 1864, 301 ; in 1865, 326 ; in 1866, 347 ; in 1867, 278.
Postal Money Order System, The whole number of money order post offices in ope-
eration at the close of the fiscal year, 1867, was 1,224.
The number of orders issued during the year was 474,496 of the aggre
gate value of $9,229,327.72
The number paid was 461,876 of the value of $8,977,874.71
To which is to be added the amount of orders repaid to purchasers 93,366.02
9,071,240.73
Excess of issues over payments $158,086.99
The money order business was more than doubled the last year.
The receipts for fees on money orders issued and for premium received
on exchange were 70,889.57
The expenditures for commissions to postmasters, clerk hire, remittances lost in
the mails, and incidental expenses were 44,628.96
Excess of receipts over expenditures $26,260.61
REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES FROM 1854 TO 1868 INCLUSIVE.
Tears. Expenditure!. Revenues. Deficiencies. Surplus.
1854 $8,557,424.12 $6,955,586.22 $l,621,a37.90
1855 9,968,342.29 7,352,136.13 2,626,206.16
1856 10,407,868.18 7,620,821.66 2,787,046.50
1857 11,507,670.16 8,053,951.76 3,453,718.40
1858 12,721,636.56 8,186,792.86 4,543,843.70
1859 14,964,493.33 7,968,484.07 6,996,009.26
1860 14,874,772.89 9,218,067.40 5,656,705.49
1861 13,606,759.11 9.049,296.40 4,557,462.71
1862 11,125,364.13 9,012,549.56 2,112,814.57
1863 11,314,206,84 *11,163,789.59 150,417.25
1864 12,644,786.20 *12,438,253.78 206,532.42
1865 13,694,728.28 *14,556,158.70 $861,430.42
1866 15,352.079.30 *14,386,986.21 965,093.09
1867 t!8,043,816.79 $16,137,026.87 1,906,789.92
1868 22,730,592.00 §16,292,600.00 6,437,991.00
*Not including the standing treasury credit of $700,000 for free matter.
tNot including $1,191,6(56.67 paid for service for which special appropriation was made.
i Including $900,000 drawn under acts making appropriation for carrying free mail matter.
§From postages only.
1869.] POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 155
ESTIMATES FOR 1869.
The ordinary expenditures for the year ending June 30, 1869, are estimated at $21,200,000
Add for overland mail and marine service between New York and California .$900,000
Steamship service between San Francisco, Japan, and China 500,000
Steamship service between the United States and Brazil 150,000
Steamship service between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands 75,000
To supply a deficiency in service between the United States and Brazil
in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1866 12,500
1,637,500
Making the total estimated expenditures $22,837,500
The ordinary receipts, including the standing appropriation of $700,000
for carrying free mail matter, are estimated at $16,700,000
Add amounts of special appropriation for California, China, and Brazil
mails, and for the deficiency above named 1,562,500
18,262,500
Showing an excess of expenditures of $4,575,000
Deducting the undrawn balances of appropriations for the department,
amounting to 2,000,000
Leaves the deficiency to be provided for from the general treasury $2,575,000
APPROPRIATIONS FOR SPECIAL SERVICE.
Overland mail transportation and marine service between New York and California. . .$900,000
Mail steamship service between San Francisco, Japan, and China 500,000
Mail steamship service between the United States and Brazil 150,000
Deficiency on account of service between the1 United States and Brazil during the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1866 12,500
Mail steamship service between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands 75,000
TABLE OF MAIL SERVICE AND OF POSTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1867, BY STATES.
States and Territories. Length of Routes. Total Annual Trans- Total Annual Cost. Receipts. Expenses.
Miles. portution.— Miles.
Alabama 4,034 1,137,318 $139,523 $125,968.95 $202,443.08
Arkansas 4,927 1,052,892 179,491 32.302.63 198,253.78
California 11,836 2,507,071 592,046 304,932.13 663,497.20
Connecticut 1,661 1,292,880 120,512 374.696.27 308,122.45
Delaware 507 278,683 22,809 44,417.23 40,260.13
Florida 2,685 501,620 51,366 26,974.29 72,163.92
Georgia 3,660 1,446,843 148,947 191.165.45 267,042.10
Illinois 9,522 5,254,812 496,434 1,195,305.85 879,188.94
Indiana 6,890 2,927,970 279,107 432,761.95 523,525.41
Iowa 7,586 2,709,504 172,139 a31,062.44 331,492.09
Kansas 5,155 2,219,824 536,091 83,069.76 557,075.16
Kentucky 6,228 2,145,733 181,026 256,529.62 304,688.03
Louisiana 4,484 1,207,808 242,462 257,187.38 . .318,834.17
Maine 4,408 1,948,102 117,778 290,662.91 268,741.65
Maryland 2,860 2,132,268 237,099 317,960.34 351,714.81
Massachusetts 2,538 2,209,425 213,804 1,234,299.29 647,093.58
Michigan 7,015 2,848,203 236,695 469,739.78 436,295.68
Minnesota 5,023 1,433,876 122,199 132.211.66 172,948.87
Mississippi 3,023 1,033,422 140,491 92,460,65 233,497.09
Missouri 8,521 2,539,357 260,427 458,445.96 555,871.03
Nebraska 1.284 603,148 77,757 30,770.39 63,872.39
Nevada 1,271 400,304 124,790 22,550.13 145,021.65
New Hampshire 1,920 928,460 64.818 180,827.06 160,044.28
New Jersey 2,187 1,483,408 152,428 304,685.00 269,368.33
New York 10,882 8,019,531 613,151 3,637,278.72 1,770,314.76
North Carolina 6,626 1,446,576 134,323 91,955.33 183,417.64
156
Statei and Territories.
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
TABLE OF MAIL SERVICE, &c. — Continued.
Length of Routes.
Ml'.es.
10,792...
l,'J-i3 ____
12,937. . .
Rhode Island 514...
2,977...
4,811...
...11,0 W...
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont 2,206. . .
Virginia 8,129....
West Virginia. 4,288. . . .
Wisconsin 7,439. . . .
Arizona 1,540....
Colorado 1,026....
Dakota..... 1,110....
Idaho 280....
New Mexico 1,308. . .
Utah 2,260....
Washington 1,378 —
District of Columbia
Total Annual Transf
tation — Miles.
5,841,218..
770,380..
5,870,614..
393,897..
916,022..,
1,449,078..
2,458,854..
1,228,422..
2,478,410..
909,057..
....2,857,168..
.... 252,200..
.... 170,1352..
.... 331,132..
.... 41,600..
.... 210,080..
.... 885,240..
.... 210,028..
Total Annual Cost.
Receipts.
.$632,289...
..360,273...
..472,440...
.. 24,957...
.. 91,705...
..135,778...
..3S9.9S7...
..101,115...
..237,458...
.. 67,458...
..232,898...
..137,045...
.. 29,320...
.. 87,386...
.. 12,200...
..121,266...
..461,116...
.. 83,882...
. .$1,068,878.73 .
28,656.21.
...1,532,301.39.
136,874.22.
96,083.15.
198,928.01.
145,483.46.
171,873.99.
235,964.30.
82,342.29.
387,360.52.
1,189.92.
32,580.24.
4,882.58.
6,783.47.
7,462.48.
15,068.62.
6,058.87.
[1869.
Expense!.
.$1,073,356.21
....341,727.52
..1,0613,459.19
.... 66,400.21
....123,940.31
....216,739.57
....467,897.12
.,..196,006.84
....342,284.05
....138,416.21
....427,940.52
... 128,446.43
.... 47,680.73
. . . . 7,387.58
.... 17,844.37
.... 88,205.26
....470,769.38
.... 73,076.50
.... 96,228.11
Statement showing operations and results of foreign mail service for the fiscal year, ended
June 30, 1867.
Postages on United States ^and European Nails.
Name of Country. Aggregate amount of Postage oft Amount of Postage on Mails Aggregate amoua*
MaiU sent to Europe. received from Europe. of Postage.
Great Britain $559,022.95 $541,246.63 $1,100,269.58
Prussia 130,301.70 171,912.56 302,214.26
France 151,982.26 148,140.19 300,122.45
Bremen ;.......... 101,244.24
Hamburg 61,548.14.
Belgium 7,676.02
53,103.78 154,348.02
34,243.30 95,791.44
9,1&3.78 16,859.80
Total $1,011,755.31 $957,830.24 $1,909,605.55
Being an increase over the amount reported for the previous year of 128,804.63
Postages collected in the United States 1,267,181.34
Postages collected in Europe 702,424.21
Excess of collections in the United States $564,757.13
Number of letters sent from the United States 4,902,750
Number of letters sent from Europe 4,539,361
Total 9,442,111
Being an increase of 877,264 over the number reported for the previous year.
Number of newspapers sent from the United States 2,652,317,
Number of newspapers received from Europe 1,766,165
Total 4,418,482
Being an increase of 590,347 over the number reported for the previous year.
The excess of postages on mails sent from the United States to different countries of Europe
over that accruing on mails received from the same countries was as follows : —
Great Britain, $17,776.32 ; France, $3,842.07 ; Bremen, $48.140.46; Hamburg, $27,304.84 ; total,
$97,063.69. The excess of postages accruing on mails received over those sent, was as follows :
Prussia, $41,610.86; Belgium, $1,507.76, total, $43,118.62.
The sea transportation of mails to and from Europe was performed by the following steam
ship lines:
Conveyed on ffirelgn account,:— Cunard line, $785,413.31 ; French line, $55.574.53; Bremen line,
$154,348.02; Hamburg line, $95,791.44; Belgian line, $62.25 ; total on foreign account, $1,091,189.55.
1869.] POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 157
Conveyed on United States account /—Canadian line, $131,952.75; Dale line, $385,227.08;
Bremen line, $106,088.82 ; Hamburg line, $88,266.03 ; Havre line ; $89,197.55 ; American Lloyd
line, $8,935.58; Baltimore line, $7,562.80; Continental Steamship Company line, $1,185.39; total
on American account, $878,416.00; total, $1,969,605.55.
RATES OF DOMESTIC POSTAGE.
The law requires postage on all letters (including those to foreign countries when prepaid)
excepting those written to the President or Vice-President, or members of Congress, or (on
official business) to the chiefs of the executive departments of the government, and the heads
of bureaus and chief clerks, and others invested with the franking privilege, to be prepaid by
stamps or stamped envelopes, prepayment in money being prohibited. Postmasters can send
official letters to other Postmasters free.
The Adjutants General of the several States and Territories, are authorized to transmit
through the mails, free of postage, any medals, certificates of thanks or other testimonials,
awarded, or which may be awarded by the Legislatures of said States and Territories, to the
soldiers thereof, under such regulations as the Postmaster General may direct.
All drop letters must be prepaid. The rate of postage on drop letters, at offices where free
delivery by carrier is established, is two cents per half ounce or fraction of a half ounce ; at
offices where such free delivery is not established the rate is one cent.
The single rate of postage on all domestic mail letters throughout the United States is three
cents per half ounce, with an additional rate of three cents for each additional half ounce or
fraction of a half ounce. The ten cent (Pacific) rate is abolished.
Letter postage is to be charged on all handbills, circulars, or other printed matter which shall
contain any manuscript writing whatever.
Daguerreotypes, when sent in the mail, are to be charged with letter postage by weight.
Photographs on cards, paper, and other flexible material (not in cases) can be sent at the
same rate as miscellaneous printed matter, viz., two cents for each four ounces or fraction
thereof.
POSTAGE ON TRANSIENT PRINTED MATTER.
[All printed matter (except single copies of newspapers, magazines, and periodicals sent to
regular subscribers from publishers) intended to go by mail westward from the western bound
ary of Kansas, or eastward from the eastern boundary of California, must be prepaid by stamps
at letter postage rates. Sec. 259, P. O. Laws, Edition of 1866].
Books, not over four ounces in weight, to one address, 4 cts. ; over four oz. and not over eight
oz., 8 cts. ; over eight oz. and not over twelve oz., 12 cts. ; over twelve oz. and not over sixteen
oz., 16 cts.
Circulars, not exceeding three in number, to one address, 2 cts. ; over three and not over six,
4 cts. ; over six and not over nine, 6 cts. ; over nine and not exceeding twelve, 8 cts.
On Miscellaneous Mailable Matter (embracing all pamphlets, occasional publications, tran
sient newspapers, handbills and posters, book manuscripts and proof-sheets, whether corrected
or not, maps, prints, engravings, sheet music, blanks, flexible patterns, samples and sample
cards, phonographic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes or wrappers, cards, paper, plain
or ornamental, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots
and scions) the postage to be prepaid by stamps, is, on one package to one address, not over
four oz. in weight, 2 cts. ; over four oz. and not over eight oz., 4 cts. ; over eight oz. and not
over twelve oz., 6 cts. ; over twelve oz. and not over sixteen oz., 8 cts.
The weight of packages of seeds, cuttings, roots and scions, to be franked, is limited to thirty-
two ounces.
All mail matter not sent at letter rates of postage, embracing books, book manuscripts, proof-
eheets, and other printed matter, and all other mail matter, except seeds, must be so wrapped
or enveloped with open sides or ends as to enable the postmaster to examine the package
without destroying the wrapper, otherwise such packages must be rated with letter postage.
No communication, whether in writing or in print, can be sent with any seeds, roots, cuttings
or scions, maps, engravings, or other matter not printed, except upon the separate payment of
postage upon each separate matter at the established rates.
Exchange newspapers and periodicals cannot be remailed without being chargeable with
postage.
Where packages of newspapers or periodicals are received at any post office directed to one ad
dress, and the names of the club of subscribers to which they belong, with the postage for a
quarter in advance, ehall be handed to the postmaster, he shall deliver the same to their respec-
153 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
live owners. But this does not apply to weekly newspapers which circulate free in the county
where printed and published.
Weekly newspapers and all other printed matter to the British North American Provinces,
although sent from countries bordering on the line, are chargeable with the same rates as when
eent to any point in the United States.
All transient matter must be prepaid by stamps. But if it conies to the office of delivery without
prepayment, or short-paid, the unpaid postage must be collected on delivery at the prepaid rate.
FOREIGN LETTERS, &c.
Letters to foreign countries, where prepayment of postage is compulsory, when insufficiently
paid, are sent to the Dead Letter Office, to be opened and returned to tile writers, and are there
by delayed one or two mails.
When the United States official postage entries on the letters received from Great Britain or the
Continent of Europe, are in red ink, the letter is to be considered as paid, when in black ink,
as unpaid.
Unpaid and insufficiently paid letters, to or from Great Britain and Ireland, or to or from the
North German Union (including Austria and its States), the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and
Switzerland, are chargeable with a fine on delivery, in addition to the postage, when sent or
arriving either by North German Union mail direct, or in closed mail via England. In the case
of such letters arriving in the United States, the fine isftvc cents on each letter. This is marked
on the letters at the various exchange offices, and collected at the offices of delivery.
Registering Foreign Letters. — Letters can be registered in the LTnited States for Great Britain
and Ireland, for the North German Union, (including all the German States and Austria), and
for all of the countries and places reached via the North German mails, except the following
places in Turkey; Alexandretta, Latakia, Mersina, Retimo and Tripoli; also for Belgium, the
Netherlands, Italy and Switzerland. Letters to Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and
Prince Edward's Island can be registered, but not to Newfoundland. Letters can be registered
(by British mail, via England) to Cape of Good Hope, Ceylon, Constantinople, East Indies,
Egypt (viz. : Alexandria, Cairo and Suez), Falkland Islands, Gambia, Gibraltar, Gold Coast,
Hong Kong, Java, Lagos, Labuan, Liberia, Malta, Mauritius, Natal, New South Wales, Queens
land, St. Helena, Sierra Leone, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia, on
payment of a registration fee (in stamps) of sixteen cents. This is in addition to the postage,
which must be fully prepaid by stamps.
The registry fee to be charged on registered letters and other postal packets to Germany, (aa
well as on letters to all countries and places reached via the North German mails, except the
places in Turkey mentioned in the preceding paragraph, and except also the Papal States and
Egypt,) to Austria and its States, or to Belgium and The Netherlands, via North German Union,
direct or by closed mail, via England, and to Italy and Switzerland by closed mail via England,
is eight cents, and on letters to Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward's Island,
it tefive cents — on letters and other postal packets to Great Britain and Ireland, eight cents.
No other postal packets than letters can be sent registered beyond North Germany. The regis
tration fee on letters to the Papal States via North German Union is twelve cents per half ounce —
to Egypt, twenty cents each. All registered letters and other postal packets must be prepaid
in full to destination.
RATES OF POSTAGE ON PRINTED MATTER FOR FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
1. To or from France, Algeria, &c.. In French Mall or ma England. — Newspapers, periodical
works, books stitched or bound, pamphlets, catalogues, papers of music, prospectuses, circu
lars, and all other kinds of printed matter addressed to France, Algeria, or cities of Turkey,
Syria and Egypt, in which France has post offices [viz. : Alexandria, Alexandretta, Beyrout,
Constantinople, Dardanelles, Galatz, Gallipoli, Ibraila, Ineboli, Jaffa, Kerassund, Latakia, Mes-
flina, in Asiatic Turkey, Mitylcne, Rhodes, Salonica, Samsoun, Smope, Smyrna, Sulino, Treb-
izond, Tripoli, in Syria, Tultcha, Varna and Volo], can be dispatched to France direct, or by
way of England, on prepayment of the following postage, viz. : newspapers, two cents each ;
books, periodical works, catalogues or pamphlets, four cents per four ounces or fraction thereof;
to be In all cases collected in the United States, whether sent or received. Franco in like man
ner collects its own postage on all kinds of printed matter, whether sent or received.
2. To or from the North German Union (Including all the German States and Austria), and to
or from Belgium and the Netherlands, by Closed Mall via England.— Newspapers 4 cents each,
if not exceeding four ouncos in weight, and an additional rate of four rents for each additional
weight of four ounces or fraction thereof; prepayment required. Book packets, prints of all
1869.] POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 159
kinds, and patterns or samples, 8 cents per four ounces or fraction thereof; prepayment required.
If, however, the postage on any article shall be insufficiently prepaid, it will be, nevertheless
forwarded to its destination, charged with the deficient postage, and also subject to a fine on
delivery.
3. To or from Italy and Switzerland, by Closed Mail, via England, Belgium and Germany.—
The rates and conditions on newspapers, book packets, prints of all kinds, and patterns or
eamples, are the same as the above, (paragraph 2).
4. To or from the North German Union (including all the German States and Austria), by direct
Mail via Bremen, or Hamburg.— Newspapers, if not over 4 ounces in weight, 3 cents each, and
if over 4 ounces an additional 3 cents for each additional weight of 4 ounces or fraction thereof;
prepayment required. Book packets, prints, patterns and samples, 6 cents per four ounces or
fraction thereof; prepayment required. But unpaid or part paid letters and other articles insuf
ficiently prepaid will be forwarded, charged with the deficient postage, and subject to a fine on
delivery. The registration fees on registered letters or other postal packets is 8 cents to all the
above mentioned countries ; prepayment of postage and fee compulsory.
The above rates (paragraphs 2, 3 and 4) are in full to destination ; and no charge is to be made
on the delivery of newspapers, book packets or samples arriving from Germany, Austria, Bel
gium, The Netherlands, Italy or Switzerland, by the above mails, except the deficient postage
or fine on such matter when insufficiently prepaid.
REGULATIONS WITH RESPECT TO NEWSPAPERS, BOOK PACKETS, PATTERNS,
SAMPLES, &c., TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
1. Newspapers and other Printed Matter.— Newspapers, circulars, pamphlets, periodicals,
books or other printed papers, (including maps, plans, prints, engravings, drawings, photo
graphs, lithographs, sheets of music, &c.), must be wrapped or enveloped in covers open at the
sides or ends, so as to admit of the inclosures being removed for examination.
No newspaper, pamphlet, periodical, or article of printed matter, may contain any word or
communication, whether by writing, printing, marks or signs, upon the cover or wrapper there
of, except the name and address of the person to whom it is sent, the printed title of the publi
cation, the printed name of the publisher or vendor who sends it ; or, in case of newspapers or
other regular publications, when sent to subscribers direct from the office of publication, the
printed date when subscription expires. It must not contain a letter or any communication in
writing, or other inclosure.
The law and regulation of this department which excludes all obscene books, pamphlets, pic.
tnres, prints, or other publications of a vulgar or indecent character from the mails of the
United States, are also to be enforced with respect to books, pamphlets, pictures, prints, or
other publications of like character, addressed to foreign countries.
2. Book-PacMs.—No book-packet may contain anything that is sealed or otherwise closed
against inspection, nor must there be any letter, nor any communication of the nature of a
letter, whether separate or otherwise, unless the whole of such letter or communication be
printed. But entries merely stating from whom or to whom the packet is sent shall not be re
garded as a letter.
No book-packet must exceed two feet in length, or one foot in width or depth.
Any book-packet which is not open at the sides or ends, or has any letter, or communication
in the nature of a letter, written in it, or upon its cover, cannot be received or forwarded in
the mail ; and it is the duty of postmasters, whenever they have ground for suspecting an in
fringement of any of the above conditions, to open and examine book-packets, patterns, sam
ples, or other postal packets, posted at or passing through their offices.
3. Pattern* or Sample* of Merchandise. — Patterns or samples of merchandise must not be of
intrinsic value ; which rule excludes from the mails all articles of a saleable nature, or what
ever may have a market value of its own apart from its mere use as a pattern or sample ; or
where the quantity of any material sent ostensibly as a pattern or sample is so great that it
could fairly be considered as having on this ground an intrinsic value.
No packet of patterns or samples must exceed 24 inches in length or 12 inches in breadth or
depth or 24 ounces in weight. Patterns or samples of merchandise exceeding the weight of
7 1-2 ounces cannot be sent by mail to the North German Union.
Patterns or samples must not bear any writing other than the addresses of the persons for
whom they are intended, except the address of the sender, a trade mark and numbers, and the
prices of the articles.
There must be no enclosures other than the patterns or samples themselves. The particulars
allowed to be furnished under the preceding paragraph must in all cases be given, not on loose
160 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
pieces of paper, but on small labels attached to the patterns or samples, or the bags containing
them. Patterns or samples must be sent in covers open at the ends, so as to be of easy exam
ination. Samples, however, of seeds, etc., which cannot be sent in open covers, may be en
closed in bags of linen or other material, fastened in such a manner that they may be readily
opened for examination. Patterns, samples or other packets containing liquids, poisons,
explosive chemicals, or other articles likely to injure the contents of the mail-bags, or the per
eon of any officer of the post office, are positively excluded from the mails.
UNITED STATES EXCHANGE OFFICES FOR FOREIGN MAILS.
New York is an office of Exchange for British, French, North German Union, Italian, Swiss,
Belgian and Netherlands Mails.
Boston is an office of Exchange for British, French, North German Union, Belgian and
Netherlands Mails.
Philadelphia and Baltimore are offices of Exchange for British and French Mails.
Chicago, Portland and Detroit are offices of Exchange for British, French and North German
Union Mail!?.
San Francisco is an office of Exchange for British Mails only.
TABLE OF POSTAGES TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The Asterisk (*) indicates that in cases where it is prefixed, unless the letter be registered,
prepayment is optional ; in all other cases, prepayment is required.
a. — When the letter a is prefixed, the foreign postage (which in each case is 12 cents) is in
creased by an additional rate for every 7| grammes (\ oz.) or fraction thereof. The United
States inland and Atlantic sea postage (which in each case is 10 cents the single rate) is increased
by an additional rate for every 15 grammes (\ oz.) or fraction thereof.
ft.— Where the letter b is prefixed, an additional rate is to be added to the foreign portion of
the postage for each 4 ounces or fraction thereof, if the newspaper exceeds 4 ounces in weight.
The foreign postage, in each case, is ascertained by deducting from the amount set down the
sum of 2 cents, which is the United States portion of the postage on a single newspaper, regard
less of weight. In all other cases, the postage is for each newspaper without regard to its
weight, when sent in British mail.
c.— The book and pattern post to Egypt via British mail extends only to Alexandria, Cairo
and Suez.
d.— Registration to Egypt by British mail extends to Alexandria, Cairo and Suez only.
e. — The rates of postage on Printed Matter to the Argentine Republic, Uruguay and Paraguay,
by the direct lines of American and French mail packets, via Rio de Janiero, (Brazil), are as
follows :
Newspapers, pamphlets and periodicals weighing 1 oz. or under 4c.
Weighing over 1 oz. and not over 2 oz 6c.
" " 2oz. " " 3oz 7c.
" " 3oz. " u 4oz 8c.
" " 4oz. " " 5oz lie.
" " 5oz. " " 6oz 13c.
and so on for greater weights, adding 1 4-10th cents for each additional ounce or fraction thereof,
and 2c. for each additional weight of 4 oz. or fraction thereof.
The above rates cover the United States and French charges only, to or from port of debark
ation or embarkation in countries of the La Plata.
p.— The charge on Newspapers to Belgium, The Netherlands, the North German Union, or
via the North German Union to countries beyond, and to Italy and Switzerland, increases a
Bingle rate for every four ounces of weight.
g.— Cannot be sent.
/L— LETTERS only can be registered.
i.— 12 cent? per 15 grammes (half ounce).
fc.— Transient pamphlets, magazines and periodicals, two cents per four ounces. Domestic
rates are chargeable to and from the line on all mail matter, except letters, to or from British
North American Provinces.
I.— Letters, if unpaid, or insufficiently paid, are subject to a fine on delivery, in addition to
the deficient postage. Other matter insufficiently paid is also forwarded (but not if wholly un
paid) subject to a similar fine, when addressed to Germany, Austria. Holland, Belgium, Swit
zerland, or Italy ; but no other matter than letters will be forwarded to Great Britain or Ireland,
tuilese/My prepaid.
1869.]
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
161
TABLE OP POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
PRINTS,
1
LST
EKS.
SAMPLES
11
COUNTRIES.
0
It
Not exceeding one-
half ounce.
£
Book Packets and
Prints of all
kinds per four oz.
Patterns or Sam-
pies per four oz.
Reg. Fee for Reg'd
other Postal P
Acapulco
CENTS.
CENTS.
10
CENTS.
2
CENTS.
4
CENTS.
CENT*.
Aden French mail .
30
00
" British mail via Marseilles
36
14
18
20
16
" " via Southampton
28
b 6
14
16
16
" " via San Francisco.
Africa — see Gambia, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia
and Cape of Good Hope and Natal.
Aix-la-Chapelle, or Aachen — see Prussia.
Alexandretta. French mail
*30
10
*GO
2
2
8
4
8
Alexandria, via North German Union, direct
" closed mail via England
by British Mail, via Southampton
" via Marseilles
" by French mail
*30
*15
*20
22
34
*00
8
9
4
b 6
2
11
13
C12
Cl4
4
11
13
c!4
Cl6
h 8
h 8
Algeria, French mail
*15
*30
2
4
Altona — see German States.
Amsterdam— see Holland.
Auam (Cochin China) via North German Union direct
closed mail
via England
Argentine Repub., Am. Pk't 23d each mo. from N. Y.
Aspimvall
'is'
27
32
25
10
12
13
e
2
15
17
4
g
g
17
17
Australia, British mail, via Southampton
22
6
14
10
16
" via Marseilles
30
8
18
20
16
" (Br. Colonies) via Panama
22
4
10
Austria, via North German Union, direct
closed mail via England
Azores Islands, French mail
*27
*15^
*54
SI
41
2
62
81
4
&
8
8
Baden, via North German Union, direct
6/
8
closed mail, via England
Bahamas, by direct steamer from New York
3
2
81
4
81
8
Bakeu via North German Union direct
*13
7
10
10
h 8
closed mail, via England
Basel, or Basle— see Switzerland.
Batavia, British mail, via Southampton
*18
34
8
b 6
12
14
12
16
h 8
u via Marseilles
42
b 8
18
20
" French mail
30
60
Bavaria, via North German Union, direct
' 31
01
61
8
closed mail, via England
Belgium
*15l
41
41
Bf
81-
g
8
8
Belgrade, via North German Union, direct
15
7
10
10
h 8
closed mail, via Eng.
bv French mail
*21
20
*42
8
12
12
h 8
Belize (Br. Honduras). Am. packet via New Orleans. .
Berlat, via North German Union, direct. . .
10
*13
2
7
4
10
'io'
ft" 8*
closed mail, via Eng.
Bermuda, British mail, via Halifax
*18
10
8
2
12
4
12
A 8
Beyrout — see Turkey.
Birma- -see Burmah.
Bogota (New Granada), British mail via Aspinwall. . .
Bonvia, British mail via Panama . . .
18
34
4
6
io
....
Borneo, French mail
30
60
Botutschany, via North German Union, direct. .
*13
7
10
io
h 8
14 closed mail, via Eng.
Boulogne— see France.
Bourbon, French mail
*30
*18
*60
8
12
12
A 8
Brazil, via England
34
4
a
g
" via France, in French mail from Bordeaux
*33
*06
" by Am. packet 23d each month from N. Y.. . .
Bremen, via North German Union, direct
10
2
4
"ti
"8
closed mail, via Eng.
Brunswick— see German States.
*1«
41
8t
81
8
11
1(32 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. — Continued.
POSTA
SI ON
BOOK P
ICKKTB, ]
'RINTB,
1
Is
OB
SAMPLE
li
COUNTRIES
Not exceeding one-
quarter ounce.
Not exceeding one-
half ounce.
e
!
l,{
1*1
m
ft
Patterns or Sam
ples per four oz.
Reg. Fee for Reg'd
other Postal I
Brussels, or Brvxelles—see Belgium.
Buenaventura (N. Gren.), British mail, via Aspinwall.
Buenos Ayres, Am. Pkt., 23d each month from N. Y. .
u " via England
"is"
CSNTS.
18
25
34
4
e
b 4
CENTS.
e
12
CENTS.
14
CENTS.
Bukarest via North German Union, direct
*13
7
10
10
h 8
" closed mail, via Eng.
Burgas direct
*18
*15
8
7
12
10
12
10
h 8
h 8
" closed mail, via Eng.
Burmah, via North German Union, direct
closed mail, via Eng.
Caiffa— see Turkey.
Calcutta— see East Indies.
Canada (letters if unpaid lOc per half oz )
::::
*20
27
32
*6
8
12
13
2
12
15
17
k 4
12
15
17
h 8
17
17
5
Canary Islands via England
a22
34
b 6
14
14
Canea— see Turkey.
Cape of Good Hope via England
34
4
12
14
16
Cavallo— see Turkey.
Cape de Verde Islands, French mail, via Bordeaux and
30
60
Cartha^ena N G British mail via Aspinwall
18
4
Central America Pac Slope via Panama
10
2
4
Ceylon British mail, via Southampton
28
6
14
16
16
" " via Marseilles
30
8
18
20
16 •
30
60
Chili British mail via Panama
34
6
10
China American packet via San Francisco
10
2
4
via North German Union, direct
closed mail, via Eng.
30
27
32
60
12
13
15
17
g
0
17
17
except Hong Kong, Br. mail, via Southampton .
" " via Marseilles
Cochin China — see Anam.
Cologne, or Coin — see Prussia.
Constantinople via North German Union, direct
34
42
*15
6
8
7
14
18
10
14
20
10
h 8
" " closed mail, via Eng.
" via England
a22
*20
34
8
b 6
12
14
12
16
h 8
16
41 French mail
*30
*60
2
4
Copenhagen — see Denmark.
Corsica French mail
*15
*30
Costa Rica
10
2
4
Cuba, direct
10
2
4
Curacoa, British mail, via St. Thomas
Cuxhaven — see German States.
Czernarroda via North German Union, direct
18
*15
4
7
10
10
h 8
" closed mail, via Eng.
Dardanelles — see Turkey.
Denmark, via No. German Union, di'ct (if prepaid, 13c.)
" closed mail, via Eng.
(if prepaid, 18c.)
Durazzo— see Turkey.
East Indies, British mail, via Southampton
*20
*16
*21
28
36
8
6
7
b 6
b 8
12
10
12
14
18
12
10
12
16
20
h 8
h 8
h 8
16
16
" via North German Union, direct
closed mail, via Eng.
[Patterns and samples cannot be sent via Germany
to places in East Indies not in British possessions] .
Ecuador British mail via Panama
27
32
34
12
13
6
15
17
10
15
17
17
17
Edinburgh — see Scotland.
E^ypt via North German Union direct
*20
9
2
2
h 8
u " closed mail, via Eng.
" British mail, via Southampton
" u via Marseilles
a22'
*5
22
34
10
4
b 6
4
Cl2
c!4
4
Cl4
Icl6
h 8
die
dlG
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. — Continued.
1
LST
o
& SIMPLE
If
COUNTRIES.
Not exceeding one-
quarter ounce.
i
§ .
II
P
£
j
£
Book Packets and
Prints of all
kinds per four oz.
Patterns or Sam
ples per four ox.
1
*12£
2
6
8
3
Falkland Inland" via England
22
4
12
14
16
24
4
12
12
Florence — see Tuscany.
Fokshan via North German Union, direct
*13
7
10
10
h 8
" " closed mail, via
England
*18
8
12
12
h 8
*15
*30
2
4
Frankfort, via North German Union, direct
" " " '• closed mail, via
England
" French mail
*ai
*1«
*1W
*42
31
41
61
SI
61
81
8
8
Galatz via North German Union direct
*13
7
10
10
h 8
li " u clos. mail, via Eng.
" French mail .*
*30
*18
*60
8
2
12
4
12
h 8
Gallipoli— see Turkey.
Gambia via England
22
4
12
14
16
Geneva — see Switzerland.
Genoa— see Sardinian States.
German States via North German Union, direct
*m
3/
61
62
8
" u closed mail, via Eng.
Ghent — see Belgium.
Gibraltar via England
*1K
22
41
4
&
12
82
14
8
16
u French mail
2J
42
Giurgeno, via North German Union, direct
" clos. mail, via Eng.
Gold Coast, via England
*13
*18
22
7
8
4
10
12
12
10
12
14
h 8
h 8
16
Great Britain
*12?
2
6
8
8
Greece, via North German Union, direct
*18
9
12
12
h 8
" " clos. mail, yia Eng.
" (small newspapers under 2 ounces, 7 cents
each, by direct mail, and 8 cents each by
closed mail via England) .
" French mail
*30
*23
*60
10
14
14
h 8
Grevtown
34
6
4
Guadaloupe, British mail via St. Thomas
18
4
4
Guatemala
10
2
10
Guiana (British)
" (French and Dutch)
10
18
2
4
Hamburg, via North German Union, direct
closed mail, via Eng.
Havana
*Wl
*15l
10
&
41
2
ftf
&
4
61
SI
8
8
Hinrtostan— see East Indies.
Holland
*15l
41
&
SI
8
Honduras, (British)
Hong Kong, British mail, via Southampton
10
34
2
6
4
14
16
16
" via Marseilles
42
8
18
20
16
Am. packet, via San Francisco
10
2
Honolulu— see Sandwich Islands.
Hungary — see Austria.
Ibraila, via North German Union, direct
*13
7
10
10
h 8
closed mail, via Eng.
India— see East Indies.
Indian Archipelago, French mail. . .
30
*18
60
8
6
12
12
h 8
Ionian Islands, French mail
*30
*60
Italy, direct closed mail, via England
via North German Union, direct .
*1«
*14
41
7
&
10
81
10
8
h 8
" closed mail, via Eng.
" Frenchman .
#21 '
*19
*42
8
12
12
h 8
(See also Roman or Papal States).
Ireland
*12/
2
6
8
8
Jamaica— see West Indies.
1(54 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
TABLE OP POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. — Continued.
[1869.
1
OB
SAMPLE
ERN8
If
COUNTRIES.
i
§8
II
I*
Not exceeding one-
half ounce.
B
Book Packets and
PrintB of all
kinds per four ot.
EN
kj
|s.
|1
Eeg. Fee for Reg'd
other Postal P
Japan British mail via Southampton
34
g
14
14
via Marseilles
42
8
18
18
" via North German Union, direct
" closed mail, via Eng.
" French mail, via Yokohama
'ao'
27
32
60
12
13
15
17
ff
ff
17
17
" (to Yokohama) by French mail
" American packet via San Francisco.
*30
*60
10
2
2
4
4
....
Java, British mail, via Southampton
34
6 6
14
16
16
" via Marseilles
43
b 8
18
20
16
" French mail
30
60
Jerusalem, via North German Union, direct. .
*15
7
10
10
h 8
" clos. mail, via Eng.
French mail
*30
*20
*60
8
12
12
h 8
Jassy, via North German Union, direct
*13
7
10
10
h 8
u u closed mail, via Eng.
Karikal, French mail
*30
*18
*60
8
12
12
h 8
Kerassund, French mail
*30
*60
2
4
Labuan, British mail, via Southampton
34
g
14
16
16
u via Marseilles
42
8
18
20
16
Lagos, via North German Union, direct
*15
7
10
10
h 8
" closed mail, via Eng.
" via England
*20
22
8
4
12
12
12
14
h 8
16
Lauenburg — see German States.
' Lausanne— see Switzerland.
Liberia, via England . .
22
4
12
14
16
Lombardy direct closed mail via England
*15J
41
&
SI
8
via North German Union, direct. .
*14
7
10
10
h 8
" clos. ml., via Eng.
French mail
*ki
*19
*42
8
12
12
h 8
London — see England.
Lubec, via North German Union, direct
*10£
3?
6i
6J
8
closed mail, via Eng.
Lucca direct closed mail, via England...
*ia
*15l
41
41
81
61
8Z
8^
8
8
" via North German Union, direct
*14
7
10
10
h 8
closed mail, via Eng.
" French mail
*21
*19
*42
8
12
12
h 8
Luxemburg, via North German Union, direct
" " " clos. mail, via
England
*W
*15l
&
41
Gl
K
Gl
SI
8
8
Lyons— see France.
Madeira, Island of, French mail
*27
*54
2
4
u via England ,
22
6
12
12
Mahe, French mail
*30
*60
Majorca French mail ".
21
42
Malta British mail via Southampton
22
4
12
14
16
" " u via Messina
22
44
8
14
16
16
" French mail
*30
*60
Manilla, or Manila — see Philippine Islands.
Martinique British mail via St Thomas.
18
4
Mauritius, British mail, via Marseilles
30
8
18
20
16
" French mail.
30
60
Mexico direct from New York
10
2
4
Mecklenburg, via North German Union direct
" " closed mail,
via England. . .
*1W
*151
3Z
41
62
SI
61
81
8
8
" (Strelit/ and Schwerin), French mail
Meesina direct closed mail, via England
*2i
*42
*151
41
si
"&
"s
" via North German Union direct.
*14
7
10
10
h 8
" " u clo. mail, via Eng.
" French mail
*21
*19
*42
8
12
12
h 8
21
42
Mitylene, via North German Union direct
*15
7
io
io
\h 8
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. — Continued.
165
COUNTRIES,
Beg. Fee for Reg'd Letters and
' other Postal Packets.
LETTKttS.
OB SAMPLES.
fi
i s
ll
1
ii
K —
K
g
K
Book Packets and
Prints of all
kinds per four 01.
1 *
s|
it
Mitylene, via North German Union direct, clos. mail,
CENTS.
*20
*60
*1«
*14
*19
*42
*13
*18
*60
34
42
60
34
25
22
*15l
*14
*19
*42
3
34
*15l
*6
10
18
' 22
30
22
*60
22
*60
10
*30
•18
*23
*6
10
25
*1«
*14
*19
*42
34
42
60
34
34
42
60
*15 '
*20
*13
C1MT8.
8
CENTS.
12
CENT8.
12
CENTS.
h 8
" French mail .
*30
Modena direct closed mail via En<r ..
ti
7
8
"7"
8
ft
10
12
'io'
12
81
10
12
"io"
12
8
h 8
h 8
h's
h 8
" ' via North German Union direct
" " " clos. ml., via Eng.
" French mail
*2i'
Moldavia via North German Union direct
" u " " clos. ml., via Eng.
" French mail
*30"
Moluccas British mail via Southampton
b 6
b 8
14
18
16
20
" via Marseilles
" French mail
'36'
Montevideo via England
b 4
e
4
41
7
12
i
12
tf
10
12
12
'12'
8f
10
12
"s
h 8
h 8
Morocco, Am. Packet 23d of each month from N. Y. . .
18
Naples direct closed mail, via Eng
" via North German Union direct
" " " clos. ml., riaEng..
" French mail . . .
*2i'
Nassau N Prov by direct steamer from N Y.
I
2
2
4
6
8
4
"4
4
12
81
k 4
k 4
'ii'
81
"ie"
8
5
Natal via England
Netherlands .
Neufchatel— see Switzerland.
New Brunswick (Letters, if unpaid, lOc. per half oz.).
Newfoundland (15c if over 3 000 miles)
New Granada (except Aspinwall and Panama) British
mail via Aspinwall ....
New South Wales, British mail, via Southampton. ..
" via Marseilles
" via Panama
14
18
10
'io'
16
20
16
16
" French mail
*30
New Zealand, British mail, via Panama
" French mail
*30
Nicaragua, Pacific Slope, via Panama
2
2
8
9
2
2
e
41
7
8
4
4
11
13
k 4
4
e
81
10
12
11
13
"81
10
12
h 8
h 8
5
8
"8
h 8
// 8
Nice French mail
*15
Norway, via North German Union, direct (letters, if
prepaid, IGc.)
" " " clos. mail, via Eng.
Getters, if prepaid, 21c.)
Small newspapers, under 2 ounces, 6 cents each,
by direct mail, and 7 cents by closed mail,
via England.
Nova Scotia (Letters, if unpaid, lOc. per half oz.) . .
Odessa— see Russia.
Ostend — see Belgium.
Panama
Paraguay, Am. packet, 23d each month, from N. Y. . .
Parma, direct closed mail, via Eng
18
via North German Union direct
i
u closed mail, via Eng.
French mail
*2i'
Penan" British mail via Southampton
b 6
b 8
14
18
16
20
" via Marseilles
French mail
30
Peru, British mail, via Panama
6
6
8
10
14
18
'ii'
18
Philippine Islands, British mail, via Southampton.
" via Marseilles .
" French mail
30
Philipopolis, via North German Union, direct
closed mail, via Eng.
Piatra, via North German Union, direct
7
8
7
10
12
10
10
12
10
h 8
h 8
h 8
166
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER,
[18G9.
TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. — Continued.
COUNTRIES.
1
£ 2
1
i
CENTS.
A 8
A 8
A 8
8
8
A 8
!A 8
7i20"
A 20
A'S"
h 8
OB SAMPLES.
i §
i1
I
£
l.i
m
*n
1*1
W **
ij
It
Piatra, via No. German Union, clos. mail, via Eng —
Plojeschti, via North German Union direct
CBNT8.
*30"
CENTS.
*18
*13
*18
*60
*10
*15
*18
*33
*60
18
*15
*20
22
022
*BO
*54
*15
*20
60
* 6
22
30
22
*15
*20
*60
14
19
*54
•18
*18
*18
*23
*10
*14
*19
*42
*30
*15J
15
20
*60
CENT!.
8
7
8
3
4
5
6
12
10
12
6
8
8
10
12
10
12
6
8
8
10
'io'
12
"ii"
10
12
" " clos. mail, via Eng.
Poland, French mail
" (Prussian or Austrian) via North German
Union direct
" (Prussian or Austrian) via North German
Union, closed mail, via England
" (Russian) via North German Union, direct
(if prepaid, 15c.)
" (Russian) via North German Union closed
mail, via England (if prepaid, 20c.)
Pondicherry, French mail
Porto Rico, British mail, via San Juan
*30'
4
7
8
4
b 6
2
2
b 8
7
8
"io"
12
"4"
4
14
10
12
4
Port Said, via North German Union, direct
" " " clos. mail, via Eng.
" via British mail, via Southampton. .
*30'
*27
" " via Marseilles
" French mail
Portugal French mail
" via England
Prevesa via North German Union, direct
" clos. mail, via Eng.
" French mail
*30'
Prince Edward's Island
2
81
41
6
8
4
7
8
2
7
8
2
7
8
5
6
2
41
8
k 4
81
14
18
10
10
12
4
10
12
4
10
12
8
10
4
81
10
12
16
20
10
12
10
12
10
12
8
10
"si
10
12
5
8
8
16
16
A 8
A 8
A12i
A12i
A 8
JA 8
A 8
A 8
"s
A 8
A 8
Prussia, via North German Union, direct
" clos. mail, via Eng.
Queensland, British mail, via Southampton
" via Marseilles
" " via Panama
Retimo— see Turkey.
Rhodes, via North German Union, direct
" clos. mail, yia Eng.
" French mail
*3t)'
Roman or Papal States, via North German Union
direct
" clos. mail, via Eng
" French mail.
*2T
*2i'
*15
Rotterdam— see Holland.
Roumania, via North German Union, direct
" clos. mail, via Eng.
Russia, " direct (if prepaid, 15c.)
" clos. mail, via Eng.
(if prepaid 20c.) . :
Sandwich Islands, by mail from San Francisco
Sardinian States, direct closed mail, via Eng
via North German Union, direct. . .
" clos. mail, via
England. . .
French mail
Savoy, French mail .
2
41
31
41
7
8
2
4
81
81
10
12
6
81
01
81
10
12
8
8
8
8
8
A 8
A 8
8
Saxe Altenburg — see German States
Saxe Coburg-Gotha, Meinengen and Weimar — see
German States
Saxony via North German Union, direct
clos. mail, via Eng.
Schleswig-Holstein, via North German Union, direct
" clos. ml., via Eng.
Scio via North German Union, direct
....
" clos. mail, via Eng..
" French mail
Scotland
*30'
1869.] POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. — Continued.
167
1
LKTI
11
COUNTRIES.
ij
11
* 3-
Zi
j Not exceeding one-
half ounce.
£
g
I
IBook Packets and
Prints of all
kinds per four ox.
ii
§ !
fi
Reg. Fee for Be(?'d
Other Postal P
Scutari via North German Union direct
15
7
10
CENTS.
10
CENTS.
h 8
" clos. mail, via Eng.
30
20
60
8
12
12
h 8
Servia, via North German Union, direct
" clos. mail, via Eng.
" (except Belgrade), French mail, via Austria . .
Shanghai — see China.
Siam British mail via Southampton
'si'
15
20
42
34
7
8
2
b 6
io
12
4
14
10
12
16
h 8
h 8
" via Marseilles
42
b 8
18
20
" via North German Union, direct
" clos. mail, via Eng
Sicilies (The Two) direct closed mail, via Eug
27
32
*15l
12
13
41
15
17
81
15
17
81
17
17
9
via North German Union, direct.
" clos. mail, via Erig.
" " French mail
*2l
*14
*19
*42
7
8
10
12
10
12
h 8
h 8
Sierra Leone, via England
Singapore British mail via Southampton
22
34
4
b 6
•12
14
14
16
16
via Marseilles
42
b 8
18
20
" French mail
30
60
" " San Francisco.
Smyrna, via North German Union, direct
" closed mail, via Eng. .
" French mail
*30'
8
*15
*20
*60
8
7
8
2
2
10
12
4 •
10
10
12
A 8
h 8
Sophia — see Turkey.
Spain French mail
21
42
u via England
44 open mail
a 22
34
10
b 6
2
14
14
....
St. Helena, via England
34
4
12
14
16
St. Johns — see New Brunswick.
St. Petersburg — see Russia.
St. Thomas, via Am. pkt. 23d each month from N. Y.
Stockholm — see Sweden.
Strasbourg— see France.
Sumatra, British mail, via Southampton
10
34
2
b 6
4
14
16
via Marseilles
42
b 8
18
20
" French mail
30
60
Sweden, via North German Union, direct (if prepaid,
16C )
*18
8
11
U
h 8
" via North German Union, closed mail, via
England, (if prepaid, 21c.)
*23
9
13
13
A 8
" (Small newspapers under 2 ounces, 6 cents
each by direct mail, and 7 centa each by
closed mail, via England).
Switzerland, direct closed mail, via England .
*15l
41
81
81
8
" French mail
*21
*42
Sydney— see New South Wales.
Syria, French mail
30
60
2
4
Tan<ners, French mail . .
*30
*60
Tasmania — see Van Dieman's Land.
Tultcha— see Turkev.
Tunis, French mail !
30
60
2
4
TURKEY (European and Asiatic), Letters for Adriano-
ple, Antivari, Beyrout, Burgas, Caiffa, Cavallo,
Candia. Canea, Constantinople, Czernarroda, Dar
danelles, Durazzo, Gallipoli, Jaffa, Janina, Jerusa
lem, Ineboli, Kustendji. Laixos, Larnica, Mitylene,
Philipopolis, Prevesa, Rhodes, Rustchuck, Salon-
tea, Samsoun, Seres. Sinope, Smyrna, Sophia, Su-
lina, Tenedos, Trebizond, Tchesme, Tultcha, Va-
lona, Varna and Volo, via North German Union,
direct
*15
7
10
10
h 8
u " u (closed mail, via Eng.)
*20
8
12
12
A 8
168 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
TABLE OP POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. — Continued.
[1869.
1
LETT
OB
II
COUNTRIES.
: Not exceeding one-
i quarter ounce.
L
•S g
1 §
P
6
to
Book Packets and
Prints of all
| kinds per four oz.
1 Patterns or Sam-
j pies per four oz.
Reg. Fee for Reg'd
other PoaUl ¥
All other points in Turkey (European or Asiatic) ex
cept Alexandretta, Latakia, Mersina, Retimo and
Tripoli, via North German Union, direct
" " " closed mail, via Eng.
Turkey in Europe, cities of, except as herein men
tioned bv French mail, via Austria
CENTS.
*21
15
20
*42
7
8
10
12
10
12
CENTS.
h 8
h 8
Turk's Island
10
2
4
Tuscany direct closed mail via England
*15Z
41
8J
&
8
" via North German Union, direct
" " closed mail, via Eng.
" French mail
*2l'
*14
*19
*42
7
8
10
12
10
12
h 8
h 8
Uruguay, by Am. pkt. 23d each month from N. Y —
Valona— see Turkey.
Valparaiso — see Chili.
Vancouver's Island . . . ....
18
25
10
2
e
k 4
Van Dieman's Land or Tasmania, British mail, via
Southampton
22
6
14
16
1H
" " British mail, via Marseilles
French mail
30
30
00
8
18
20
16
" " via Panama
22
6
10
Varna — see Turkey.
Venetian States, direct closed mail, via England
*15f
41
8^
&
8
via North German Union, direct
" " " cl. ml., via Eng.
" French mail
*'2l
*14
*19
*42
7
8
2
10
12
10
12
h 8
h 8
Venezuela, by American Venezuelan packet
10
3
8
Vera Cruz — sec Mexico
Victoria (Port Philip), British mail, via Southampton
" via Marseilles . . .
French mail
*30
22
30
*60
6
8
14
18
16
20
16
16
" " via Panama
22
Vienna, or Wien — see Austria.
Volo— see Turkey.
Wales
*12
2
6
8
8
West Indies (Brit, and Dan.), Am. pkt. 23d of each
month from N. Y
" (British) Brit, mail, via St. Thomas . . .
10
10
2
2
4
" (not British), " "
18
4
Wallachia, via North German Union, direct.
*13
7
10
io
h 8
" " closed mail, via Eng.
Wurtemberg, via North German Union, direct
" closed mail, via Eng
" French mail
*2i
*18
noi
*15l
*42
8
&
41
12
(Jl
81
12
w
&
>h 8
8
8
Yanaon, French mail
*30
*60
Zurich— see Switzerland.
The Poet Office Department, in a circular, dated Nov. 14, 1868, announced the following addi
tional regulations in regard to postage on correspondence for Egypt, forwarded via. North Ger
man Union and Trieste :
By Direct Mail to Hamburg or Bremen. Letters, per each 15 grammes (\ ounce), for Alexan
dria, 15 cents ; Lower and Middle Egypt (excluding Alexandria), 20 cents— prepayment optional ;
Upper Egypt, 20 cents— prepayment compulsory. On printed matter and samples of merchan
dise—for Alexandria: Newspapers, 8 cents, and book-packets and samples of merchandise, 11
cents per each 4 ounces— prepayment compulsory. Small newspapers, not exceeding 2 ounces
in weight, 6 cents ; Lower, Middle and Upper Egypt, newspapers, 9 cents, and book-packets
and samples of merchandise, 12 cents per each four ounces or under — prepayment compulsory.
Small newspapers, not exceeding 2 ounces, 7 cents.
By North German Union closed Mail through England. By this route, there is an addition to
the above rates of 5 cents for each letter per 15 grammes (J ounce) ; 1 cent additional on news
papers per each 4 ounces or under ; and 2 cents additional on book-packets and samples.
1869.] DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 1(39
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
This department was established by an act of Congress, approved March
3, 1849. To its supervision and management are committed the following
branches of the public service :
1st. The Public Lands. — Its head is the Commissioner of the General Land
Office. The Land Bureau is charged with the survey, management, and sale
of the public domain, the revision of Virginia military bounty-land claims,
and the issuing of scrip in lieu thereof.
2nd. Pensions. — The Commissioner of this bureau is charged with the ex
amination and adjudication of all claims arising under the various and
numerous laws passed by Congress, granting bounty land or pensions for
the military or naval service in the revolutionary and subsequent wars.
3d. The Indian Office has charge of all matters connected with the Indians.
4th. The Patent Office is charged with the performance of all " acts and
things touching and respecting the granting and issuing of patents for new
and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements."
The Department of the Interior has, besides, the supervision of the ac
counts of the United States marshals and attorneys, and of the clerks of the
United States Courts, and the management of the lead and other mines of
the United States ; the duty of taking and returning the censuses of the
United States, and the n.anagement of the affairs of public institutions in
the District of Columbia.
CHIEF OFFICERS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
[Corrected at the Department, October, 1868.]
Secretary of the Interior ORVILLE H. BROWNING $8,000
Assistant Secretary WM. T. OTTO 3,500
Chief Clerk JOHN C. Cox 2,200
Disbursing Clerk and Superintendent JOHN R. GOODWIN 2,000
Commissioner of General Land Office JOSEPH S. WILSON 3,000
Chief Clerk M. E. N. HOWELL 2,000
Recorder J. N. GRANGER 2,000
Surveyors of Public Lands:
Recorder of Land Titles, St. Louis FRED MOSBERGER 2,000
District of Minnesota LEVI NUTTING 2,000
District of California SHERMAN DAY 4,500
District of New Mexico BENJ. C. CUTLER 3,000
District of Dakota WM. TRIPP 2,000
District of Nevada ANSON P. K. SAFFORD 3,000
District of Idaho LAFAYETTE CARTEE 3,000
District of Colorado W. H. LESSIG 3,000
District of Oregon E. L. APPLEGATE 3,500
District of Kansas HIRAM S. SLEEPER 3.000
District of Washington Territory SELUCIUS GARFIELD 3,000
District of Nebraska and loiva P. W. HITCHCOCK 2,000
District of Montana SOLOMON MEREDITH 3,000
Surveyor General of Utah JOHN A. CLARKE
Commissioner of Patent Office ELISHA FOOTS 4,500
Chief Clerk JAMES S. GRINNELL 2,500
Disbursing Clerk HUGH MCCORMACK 1.800
Examiners in Chief SILAS H. HODGES 3,000
B. F. JAMES 3,000
3,000
1,800
3,000
Chief Clerk. .'. ~ CHARLES E. Mix 2,000
Superintendents of Indian Affairs;
Northern Superintendency H. B. DENMAN 2,000
Central THOMAS MURPHY 2,000
Southern " L. NEWTON ROBINSON 2,000
Utah " F. H. HEAD 2,000
New Mexico " . . .L. E. WEBB 2,000
SAMUEL C. FESSENDEN.
Librarian GEORGE C. SCHAEFFER.
Commissioner of Indian Office NATH. G. TAYLOR
California
Arizona,
Nevada
Commissioner of Pension Office
Chief Clerk
Chief Clerk Census Office
Superintendent of Hospital for Insane
Clerk
Congressional Printer
170 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Superintendents of Indian A fairs:
Oregon Superintendent I. W. P. HUNTINOTON $2,500
Wellington " THOMAS J. MCKENNY 2,500
BILLINGTOX C. WHITING 3,600
GEORGE W. DENT 2,000
II. G. PARKER 2,000
C. C. Cox 3.000
H. C. LAUCK 2,000
JAMES S. WILSON 2.000
C. II. NICHOLS, M. I) 2,500
GEORGE KELLOGG 1.200
JOHN D. DEFREES 3,000
Clerk WILLIAM TOWERS 1,000
1. PUBLIC LANDS.
The Land Bureau was first established in 1812 as an office in the Treasury
Department, but was transferred to the Department of the Interior in 1859.
The public Lands that have belonged, and now belong, to the General
Government are situated as follows : 1st. — Within the limits of the United
States, as defined by the treaty of 1783, and which are embraced by the
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, all
formed out of the Northwestern Territory as conveyed with certain re
servations to the United States by New York, in 1781, by Virginia, in 1784,
by Massachusetts, in 1785, and by Connecticut, in 1786 ; also the lands
within the boundaries of the States of Mississippi and Alabama north of
the 31° North Latitude, as conveyed to the United States by Georgia in 1802.
2d. — Within the Territories of Orleans and Louisiana, as acquired from
France, by the treaty of 1803, including the portion of the states of Alabama
and Mississippi south of 31° ; the whole of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri,
Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon, and the Territories of Colorado, Dakota,
Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Washington. 3d. — Within the state of
Florida, as obtained from Spain by the treaty of 1819. 4th. — In New Mex
ico, Utah, Nevada and California, as acquired from Mexico by the treaty
of 1848. 5th.— The " Gadsden Purchase" 23,161,000 acres south of the
Gila River from Mexico, in 1854. 6th. — The Russian purchase of North
western America or Alaska, in 1867.
The area of the public lands, exclusive of the Russian purchase is 1,465,-
468,800 acres. The extent of that purchase is estimated at 577,390 square
miles, or 369,529,600 acres, making a total of 1,834,998,400 acres.
The aggregate of public lands which have been surveyed is 485,311,778
acres, leaving a residue of 1,349,686,622 acres yet unsurveyed.
The public land or rectangular system of survey and transfer of landed prop
erty was adopted May 20, 1785 ; it has been modified and enlarged by subse
quent laws until it has reached proportions and completeness of scientific
structure which make it pre-eminently valuable and in some respects unrivaled.
Under that system base lines are first established, corresponding with
latitude. These are then intersected at right angles by principal meridians
in coincidence with longitude. From such bases, townships of six miles
square are run out and established with regular series of numbers counting
north and south from these bases, while the ranges are counted by like series
of numbers as running east and west of the meridians.
The six mile square townships are divided into sections of one mile square
1869,1 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 171
or 640 acres, again into half sections of 320, quarters of 160, half quarters
of 80, and quarter quarters or sixteenths of 40 acres.
Since the adoption of the system, covering a period of 82 years, twenty
principal bases, and twenty-three principal meridians have been established,
and it has been initiated, in all the land States and Territories of the
Union, in several of which it has completed the work of surveying. In
its progress the whole of the surveys everywhere from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, are referable for the identification of any division or subdivision,
great or small, to the initial points or intersections of the surveyed base lines
with the principal meridians.
The first principal meridian divides the states of Ohio and Indiana ; the
second is a controlling line in the surveys of Indiana, and in part in Illinois ;
the third also governing to a certain extent the latter state ; -the fourth trav
erses the western part of Illinois, extending through Wisconsin and Minne
sota to our northern international boundary ; the fifth passing through
Arkansas, Missouri and Iowa, with a common base line running due west
from the St. Francis river in Arkansas, governs the surveys in these states,
also in part of Minnesota west of the Mississippi, and in Dakota west of the
Missouri ; then there is the sixth principal meridian, the initial point of
intersection being coincident with the 40th parallel and 92° 13' west longi
tude froift Greenwich. Upon this line depend the surveys in Kansas, Ne
braska, Colorado, and that part of Dakota west of the Missouri.
In addition to these 6 principal meridians and bases, 17 subordinate merid
ians and corresponding bases have been established. These meridians and
bases with their auxiliary standard parallels and guide meridians have
required perambulations of surveyors in the field amounting to 1,476,673
lineal miles.
Upon this system thus established over the greater portion of the country
rests the whole work of dividing and subdividing the national territory,
and of making out the same into different sizes for farms and settlements.
The service has been steadily advancing from the foundation of the gov
ernment, and in its progress has completed the extension of the lines of
survey over the whole surface of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, (the
Upper and Lower Peninsula), Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Miss
issippi, Alabama, and nearly so in Louisiana and Florida.
Congress by proclamation in 1785, and by acts of 1804 and 1807, protected
the public domain from occupation or settlement unauthorized by law, and
by the general pre-emption laws of 1830, 1832, 1834, 1841, and 1843, secured
to actual settlers pre-emption rights to a certain portion of the public lands.
These laws concede the actual settler 160 acres, but require of him the erec
tion of a dwelling with actual inhabitation and cultivation. Congress by
subsequent enactments has legislated still further in aid of actual settlers, by
holding out encouragement to take possession of the national soil and con
firming occupants in their improvements on lands afterwards withdrawn by
grants to railroads and for educational purposes. It has also by acts of
1844, 1864, 1865, and 1867, encouraged the growth of towns and cities.
172 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
The law of pre-emption extends the privilege to three classes, each having
the qualification of citizenship or having filed a declaration to that end.
1. " Every person being the head of a family."
2. " A widow."
3. " A single man over the age of twenty-one years."
The Homestead act of May 20, 1862 and supplements hold out still further
inducements to settlements of public lands.
By this act any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at
the age of 21 years, or has performed service in the army or navy, and is a
citizen of the United States, or shall have filed his declaration of intention to
become such, and has never borne arms against the Government of the
United States or given aid and comfort to its enemies, shall from and after
the 1st of January, 1863, be entitled to enter a quarter section (160 acres) of
unappropriated public land upon which he or she may have already filed a
pre-emption claim or which is subject to pre-emption at $1.25 per acre ; or
80 acres of unappropriated land at $2.50 per acre. In order to make his or
her title good to such lands, however, such person must make affidavit that
Such application is made for his or her exclusive use and benefit, and that
said entry is made for the purpose of actual settlement and cultivation, and
not, either directly or indirectly for the use or benefit of any other person or
persons whomsoever ; and upon filing the affidavit, and paying the sum of
$10 to the register or receiver, such person shall be allowed to enter the
land specified ; but no certificate or patent is issued for the land until five
years from the date of such entry, and the land must during that time be
improved and not alienated (it cannot be taken for debt). At any time
within two years after the expiration of said five years, the person making
the entry, or, in case of his or her death, his widow or heirs, may on proof
by two witnesses that he or she has cultivated or improved said land, has
not alienated any part of it, and has borne true allegiance to the United
States, be entitled to a patent if at that time a citizen of the United States.
In case of the abandonment of the lands by the person making the entry
for a period of more than six months at one time, they revert to the United
States.
Bounty Land warrants have been issued to the soldiers of the war of the
revolution and to those who have served in subsequent wars under acts of
1847, 1850, 1852, and 1855, which from the commencement of operations
under these acts to June 30, 1867 have amounted as follows :
Warrants issued, 542,248; number of acres embraced thereby, 59,631,010; number of warrants
located, 488,336, embracing 54,028,390 acres. The whole quantity conceded for military and naval
services from 1776 to 1855, was 71,714,555 acres.
The Continental Congress, by the ordinance of May 20, 1785, respecting
the territory northwest of the Ohio, prepared the way for the advance of
settlements and education as contemporaneous interests. It determined that
in every six miles square there should be established the school system, to
be supported from a fund derived from the grant of section sixteen, of 640
acres, in every township ; and at a later period for indemnity where the section
1869.] DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. ^73
in place was not available; thus conceding one thirty-sixth part of the
public lands in the interests of public education.
It was afterwards determined in the new land states and territories, the
localities of which were distant from the political centre or centres of settle
ments, to increase the school concessions to two sections or 1,280 acres in
each township, so that the school house, high school, and seminary, could
be so advantageously placed in the township as to avoid inconvenience in
daily attendance.
Besides the school allotment, provision has been made on a liberal scale
for seminaries of learning and colleges, so that the land fund may be ade
quate to the support of institutions in which are taught all the higher
branches of a liberal education.
To each organized Territory the sections in place and townships for semi
naries have been reserved, and by the act of admission as a state into the
Union, the reservation has been carried into a grant and confirmed. If there
be added to the quantity already conceded to the public land states for
school purposes, the area that will pass according to the principles of exist
ing legislation to the organized territories when they shall become states, it
will be found that the aggregate will reach 70,559,112 acres. Besides there
have been granted for seminaries of learning 1,244,160 acres, making an
aggregate thus conceded in the cause of learning of 71,803,272 acres, much
of it of great value, and from which, if properly invested, ample funds may
be derived for the continual support of the great object contemplated by
the munificent grant.
For the support of colleges for education in agriculture, mechanics, and
in the mineral interests, the act of July 2, 1862, and its supplements, made
provisions not only for the states holding public domain, but for others
which have none, giving to the former the right to select within their limits,
and to the latter scrip redeemable in land ; the amount conceded being
30,000 acres for each senator and member of the House of Representatives,
which when made applicable to all the states, will include an area of
9,600,000 acres.
Most of the older states have received the allotment in scrip which has
been disposed of, and the avails appropriated to the object designed ; in
the newer or land states, selections have been made by the state authorities
for the same purpose.
By various acts of Congress from 1849 to 1860, large quantities of swamp
and overflowed lands have been granted to several states. The first swamp
land grant was made to Louisiana in 1849 to aid that state in constructing
levees and drains along the Mississippi and other rivers to prevent the over
flow of the bottom lands. In 1850 the grant was made general, so as to
apply to other states in which such swamp and overflowed lands were
situated.
At the close of the fiscal year June 30, 1867, state selections had been
made under the internal improvement grant of September 4, 1841, as
follows :
174 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1S69.
States. Number of acres to which each Number of acres
State was entitled. approved.
Alabama 97,469.17 *97,469.17
Arkansas 500,000.00 499,880.03
California 500,000.00 116,778.59
Florida 499,990.00 450,823.82
Illinois 209,085.50 *209,060.05
Iowa 500,000.00 500,000.00
Kansas 500,000.00 495,552.20
Louisiana 500,000.00 482,166.97
Michigan 500,000.00 498,638.54
Minnesota 500,000.00 252,028.60
Mississippi 500,000.00 500,000.00
Missouri 500,000.00 500,000.00
Nebraska 500,000.00
Nevada 500,000.00
Oregon 500,000.00 196,099.03
Wisconsin 500,000.00 . . .499,973.87
Total 7,305,554.67 5,298,470.87
Grants of public lands have been made by acts of Congress to states and
corporations, for railroad and military wagon road purposes from the year
1850 to June 30, 1867, as follows:
States. Number of acres certified Estimated number of
under the grants. acres granted.
Alabama «. 2,888,138.50 .3,729,130.00
Arkansas 1,793,167.10 4,804,271.63
California 3,720,000.00
Florida 1,760,468.39 2,360,114.00
Illinois 2,595,053.00 2,595,053.00
Iowa 2,770,702.26 6,751,207.98
Kansas 7,753,000.00
Louisiana 1,072,405.45 1,578,720.00
Michigan 2,718,413.49 5,327,930.99
Minnesota 1,644.602.64 7.783,403.09
Mississippi 908,680.29 2,062,240.00
Missouri 1,815,435.00 3,745,160.21
Wisconsin 1,379,545.35 5,378,360.50
21,346,611.47 57,588,581.40
Corporations: Pacific railroads 138,239.39 124,000,000.00
Wagon roads : Wisconsin 76,803.20
Oregon 3,225,413.27
21,561,654.06 184,813,994.67
Grants by acts of Congress for Canal purposes from the year 1827 to June 30, 1867. Illinois,
290,915; Indiana, 1,439,279; Michigan, 1,250,000; Ohio, 1,100,361; Wisconsin, 325,431. Total
quantity acres granted, 4,405,986.
Private Land Claims. In lands acquired by purchase or conquest from
other nations, the grants of the government to individuals constitutes a
class of private land claims. The principle adopted by the government has
been that a well authenticated and clearly defined title from a former govern
ment was to be respected, and upon the presentation of such title a patent
is always issued to the claimant ; but where the boundaries, as is often the
*The States of Illinois and Alabama received grants under prior acts, which, with the
quantities here given, make up the quantity of 500,000 acres.
1SG9.] DEPARTMENT OF TpE INTERIOR. ^75
case, are loosely defined and comprise a much larger territory than that
granted, or where the metes and bounds are of uncertain position, and espec
ially where there is ground for presumption of fraud, a severe scrutiny is
instituted.
Since the act of Congress of September 4, 1841, large quantities of land
ha\re been claimed on pre-emption, i. e. as having been settled and improved
by persons before they were surveyed or came into the market ; and, these
persons having thereby established a claim to purchase them at Government
price before all others, this claim has been allowed, with some restriction,
and the lands, thus pre-empted, withdrawn from public sale and reserved
for private entry.
SUMMARY.
Acres*
During the fiscal jrear ending June 30, 1867, the total cash sales embraced 756,619.61
The aggregate of military bounty-land warrant locations 476,760.00
The total quantity taken by homestead for actual settlement under acts of 1862. 1864
and 1866 .'.... 1,788,043.49
In the same period, there were approved swamps " in place " to several states as
grantees under acts ot 1849 and 1850 * 1,030,020.22
And selected as swamp indemnity 36,429.93
Making a total of swamp lands or their equivalents, confirmed to states, of 1,066,450.15
In same fiscal year titles under railroad, wagon road and ship canal grants have been
vested in certain states for the quantity of 533,168.52
The agricultural and mechanic college land scrip locations under act of 1862, and
supplemental of 1864 and 1866, with selections by certain states within their re
spective limits under said acts make an aggregate of 2,420.072.73
Making a total of public lands disposed of during the year ending June 30, 1867, of 7,041,114.50
Amount disposed of during the year ending June 30, 1868 6,655,742.50
The moneys received in the same period for ordinary cash sales, pre-emptions, in military
scrip received as money, for the ten dollar homestead payments, for homestead commissions,
for fees in the locating of agricultural college scrip, for same on military warrants, and on rail
road selections, for commissions on pre-emptions, donations, and for proceeds from furnishing
transcripts under the act of July 2, 1864, make a cash aggregate of $1,347,862.52 received during
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1867, a sum greater than that received the previous year by more
than half a million of dollars. Receipts for year ending June 30, 1868, $1,632,745.
2. PENSION OFFICE.
The Pension Office was established temporarily in 1833, and continued by
subsequent legislation until it was made permanent by act of 19th of Jan
uary, 1849. It constitutes a Bureau in the Department of the Interior, and
is under the charge of the Commissioner of Pensions. The persons entitled
to pensions have been designated by different acts of Congress.
The only surviving revolutionary soldiers receiving a pension died during
the year closing June 30, 1867. Two other veterans were granted pensions
by special acts of Congress passed that year. Of the widows of revolution
ary soldiers married before the close of the war, but one enrolled pensioner
was living in 1867.
There were, however, at the close of that fiscal year, 997 widows of revolu
tionary soldiers, of whom 119 were married previous to 1800.
Army Pensions. The number of original applications for invalid pensions, by reason of
casualties occurring in the army service, admitted during the year closing June 30, 1867, was
16,452, at an average annual rate of $71.73 each, and an aggregate annual rate of $1,180,194.72.
176 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
The number of applications for increased pensions of the same class admitted during this period
was 13,946, at an average annual rate of $78.09 each, and an aggregate annual rate of $1,089,003.62.
Of original applications of widows, orphans, and dependent relatives for pensions by reason
Of deaths incident to the army service, 19,660 were admitted during the year, at an average
individual rate of $100.66 per annum, and an aggregate yearly rate of $1,979,062.67. Of applica
tions for increased pensions of the same class, 19,309 were admitted, at an average additional
rate (chiefly on account of minor children under the age of sixteen years, as provided by the
act of July 25, 1866), of $59.59 each, and at a total annual rate of $1,150.646.
The total number of enrolled invalid pensioners on the 30th of June, 1867, was 70,802, the
total amount of whose pensions was $6,478,004.14 ; and the total number of widows, orphans,
and dependent relatives, enrolled as pensioners was, at the same date, 82,291, and the yearly
amount of their pensions $9,664,075.83; making an aggregate of 153,093 army pensioners of both
classes, at a total annual rate of $16,142,079.97.
The whole amount paid to invalid military pensioners during the last fiscal year was $6,428,-
632.58; and to widows, orphans, and dependent relatives, $11,873,182.71; making the grand
total of payments to army pensioners (including expenses of the disbursing agencies), for the
year, $18,301,715.26.
Navy Pensions. The original applications for invalid pensions, by reason of casualties
occurring in the navy service, admitted during the year ending June 30, 1867, numbered 137,
at a total yearly rate of $10,317 ; and the admitted applications for increased pensions Of the
same class 206, at an annual aggregate of $17,892. Of original applications of widows, orphans,
and dependent relatives for navy pensions 233 were admitted during the same period, at an
aggregate rate of $31,856 per,annum ; and 120 pensioners of this class were increased, at a
total yearly rate of $6,792. The total number of navy invalid pensioners whose names appeared
on the rolls, June 30, 1867, was 1,054, at an aggregate yearly rate of $89,652.25 ; and the total
number of widows, orphans, and dependent relatives whose names were on the navy pension
rolls at the same date was 1,327, requiring an aggregate annual amount of $305,742.25.
The whole amount paid to navy invalid pensioners during the last fiscal year was $77,241.28;
and the whole amount paid to widows, orphans, and dependent relatives of officers or seamen
of the navy was $240,999.92, making the total amount of navy pensions paid during the year
$318,241.20.
The balance of funds in the hands of the agents for paying navy pensions was, on June 30,
1867, $175,796.82.
Aggregate. The total number of pensioners of all classes whose names remained on the
rolls June 30, 1867, was 155,474. The number of new pensioners added to the rolls during the
year was 36,482, and the number of pensioners dropped from the rolls on account of deaths, re
marriages, or other causes, was 7,932. The number of pensions increased during the last fiscal
year, chiefly under the acts of June 6, and July 25, 1866, was 83,581. The total annual amount
of pensions was, at the close of the year, $16,447,822.22, and the amount paid during the year,
(including arrears and expenses of disbursement), $18,619,956.46.
The navy pension fund, invested under direction of Secretary of the Navy
as trustee, now amounts to $13,000,000. There is an uninvested balance of
$229,246.37. The income of this fund largely exceeds the annual amount
at present required for the payment of navy pensions. Provision was made
by the sixth section of an act of Congress approved March 2, 1867, for
awarding from the surplus income of this fund additional pensions to dis
abled officers, seamen, and marines, for meritorious service, under certain
specified conditions. Seven claims of this character, favorably reported by
the Secretary of the Navy, as provided by law, were certified for payment
by the Pension Office, in 1867.
Amount paid for army pensions at the agencies in the several States and Territories for the
year ending June 30, 1867.
State. Invalid. Widows, children, mother*, ' Total.
and sisters.
Arkansas $1,806.17 $21,648.64 $23,454.81
Connecticut 93,491.82 267,133.33 360,625.15
California 0,665.19 7,683.25 14,348.44
I860.] DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 177
State. Invalid. Widows, children, mothers Total.
and sisters.
District of Columbia $124,245.15 $127,675.02 $250,920.17
Delaware 16,5(58.14 31,056.42 47,624.56
Indiana 393,518.78 859,022.52 1,252,541.30
Illinois 612,838.13 943,137.71 1,555,475.83
Iowa 196,890.79 394,964.29 591,855.08
Kentucky 90,477.12 887,674.75 428,151.87
Kansas 35,695.20 53,475.22 89,440.42
Louisiana 7,198.38 16,658.39 23,856.77
Maine 361,842.09 523,280.77 885,122.86
Massachusetts 431.208.43 673,255.03 1,104,463.46
Maryland 70,189.42 110,075.20 180,264.62
Missouri 135,139.12 .324,589.51 459,728.63
Michigan '. .303,337.80 534,984.19 838,321.99
Minnesota 47,501.71 93,544.78 141,049.49
New Hampshire 158,821.91 246,580.70 405,402.61
New York 1,125,700.60 2,047,777.22 3,173,477.82
New Jersey 138,968.25 280,422.72 419,390.97
North Carolina 3,543.83 "... 26.759.97 30,303.80
Nebraska 1,756.99 3,610.57 5,367.56
Ohio 640.013.50 1,214,011.55 1,854,025.05
Oregon 1,208.60 339.87 1,548.47
Pennsylvania 876,644.17 1,525,438.12 2,402,082.29
Rhode Island 33,748.73 83,313.86 117,062.59
Tennessee 62,891.73 211,927.31 274,819.04
Vermont 158,815.27 245,085.43 403,900.70
Virginia 7,959.52 23,932.47 31,891.99
West Virginia 86,056.65 188,707.53 274,764.18
Wisconsin '203,265.84 455,401.36 658,667.20
Washington Territory 750.53 15.01 765.54
Total $6,428,532.55 $11,873,182.71 $18,301,715.26
•
Statement of the number and yearly amount of army pensioners on the rolls of the several
States and Territories on June 30, 1867.
State. Invalid. Widows, children, mother* Total No. Yearly amount.
and sisters.
Arkansas 29 159 188 $20.320.00
Connecticut 1,133 1,810 2,943 303,669.45
California 77 37 114 11.510.04
District of Columbia 995 608 1,603 192,962.70
Delaware 191 194 385 41,953.88
Indiana 4,280 5,628 9,908 1,079,439.12
Illinois 8,472 6,904 15,376 1,673,968.67
Iowa 2,118 3,099 5.217 552,095.70
Kentucky 1,107 2,064 3,171 435,547.08
Kansas 379 267 946 71,937.96
Louisiana 129 149 278 29,899.00
Maine 3,955 3,616 7,571 756.503.02
Massachusetts 4,931 5,309 10,240 991,501.10
Maryland 702 741 1,443 148,544.47
Missouri 1,339 1,895 3.234.. 322,817.00
Michigan 3.343 3,813 7.156 714,399.97
Minnesota 519 551 1.070 117,972.96
New Hampshire 1,857 1,950 3,807 371,452.96
New York 11,543 13,972 25.515 2,772,791.33
New Jersey 1,472 2,125 3,597 387,264.00
North Carolina 21 113 134 11,937.08
Nebraska 19 33 52 6,039.84
New Mexico 2 10 12 1,266.00
Ohio 7,012 8,310 15,322 1,636,433.40
12
178 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
State. Invalid. Widows, children, mothers Total No. Y early amount.
and slaters.
Oregon 17 6 23 $2,575.92
Pennsylvania 9,422 10,045 19.467 2,028,064.29
Rhode Island 404 610 1,014 108,397.89
Tennessee 393 1,079 1,472 163,945.80
Vermont 1,832 1,670 , 3,502 351,513.23
Virginia 54 123 177 13,468.00
West Virginia 895 1,334 2,229 245,058.45
Wisconsin 2,151 4,065 6,216 575,649.66
Washington Territory. . 9 2 11 1,180.00
Total 70,802 82,291 153,093 $16,142,079.97
Amount paid for navy pensions at the agencies in the several States and Territories for the
year ending June 30, 1867.
State. Invalids. Widows, children, motheri Total.
and sisters.
Connecticut $254.73 $4,552.80 $4,807.53
California 170.04 240.00 410.04
District of Columbia 3,557.90 37,678.40 41,136.30
Illinois 2,190.23 3,370.01 4,560.24
Kentucky 1,308.35 1,205.60 2,513.95
Louisiana 435.66 1,900.50. 2,336.16
Maine 4,999.34 7,659.31 12,658.65
Massachusetts 16,425.34 41,314.97 57,740.31
Maryland 2,555.33 9,579.94 12,135.27
Michigan 647.96 2,559.94 3,207.90
Missouri 748.88 2,906.39 3,655.27
Minnesota 72.72 72.72
New Hampshire 2,805.91 3.282.66 6,088.57
New York 24,058,29 59.649.72 83,708.01
New Jersey 795.33 3,169.60 3^964.93
Ohio . . " 2,637.26 8,798.33 11,435.59
Pennsylvania 12,138.33 38,258.93 50,397.26
Rhode Island 796.30 3,297.00 4,093.30
Virginia 423.08 11,350.22 11,773.30
Wisconsin 220.30 1,225.60 1,445.90
Total $77,241.28 $240,999.92 $318,241.20
Statement, of the number and yearly amount of navy pensioners on the rolls of each State and
Territory June 30, 1867.
State. Invalids. Widows, children, mothers Total No. Yearly amounl.
and sisters.
Connecticut 7 24 31 $5,748.00
California 3 2 5 594.00
District of Columbia 40 117 157 31,672,50
Illinois 35 14 49 5,304.00
Kentucky 10 6 16 1,931.00
Louisiana 5 4 9 1,428.00
Maine 50 53 103 12,017.50
Massachusetts 227 269 496 57,927.25
Maryland 42 52 94 13,811.50
Michigan 10 17 27 2,868.00
Missouri 10 13 23 2,704.00
Minnesota 1 1 2 432.00
New Hampshire 42 22 64 7,014.00
New York 331 354 685 81 ,852.00
New Jersey 7 21 28 4,424.00
Ohio 32 55 87 11,345.00
Pennsylvania 171 248 424 52,099.50
1869.] . DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 179
Bute. Inralids. Widows, children, mothers, Total No. Yearly amount.
Mid sisters.
Rhode Island 8 17 25.' 3,610.00
South Carolina 1 1 24.00
Virginia 5 27. 32 6,452.00
Wisconsin 3 11 14 1,908.00
Naval Asylum 9 9 576.00
Total 1^054 1^327 2,381 $305,742.25
Summary of transactions of Pension Bureau for three fiscal years ending June 30, 1867.
1865. 1800. 1867.
Whole number of admissions 40,568 51,471 70,063
Whole number of pensioners 85,986 126,722 155,474
Yearly rate $8,023,445.43 $11,674,474.31 $16,447,822.22
Amount paid 8,525,153.11 13,459,996.43 18,619,956.46
The number of pensioners of the several classes whose names were on the rolls at the close
of each fiscal year, was during the last five years, as follows :
1803. 1864. 1865. I860. 1867.
Revolutionary soldiers 18 12 3 1
Widows of soldiers 1,573 1,418 1,114 931 997
Army invalids 7,248 22,7(57 35,041 54,620 70,802
Widows, Ac., (army) 4,820 25,433 47,972 68,957 81,294
Navy invalids 544 712 839 1,032 1,054
Widows, &c., (navy) 577 793 1,017 1,181 1,327
Total 14,780 51,135 85,986 126,722 155,474
Bounty Land. During the year ending September 30, 1867, the number of applications
for bounty land admitted was as follows :
Under the act of February 11, 1847, 4 warrants for 160 acres each, total, 640 acres ; under the
act of September 28, 1850, 3 warrants for 40 acres each, total, 120 acres ; under the act of March
3, 1855, 887 warrants for 160 acres each, total, 141,920 acres ; 39 warrants for 120 acres each, total,
4,680 acres ; 19 warrants for 80 acres each, total, 1,520 acres ; 2 warrants for 40 acres each, total,
80 acres. Whole number of warrants, 954. Whole number of acres, 148,960.
There were 39 duplicates issued during the same period, in lieu of lost warrants, and 32 war-
rants were canceled. Original applications to the number of 908 were received, and 3,114 sus
pended applications were re-examined.
3. BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Congress, by act of July 9, 1832, authorized the President to appoint a
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, to have the direction and management of all
matters arising out of Indian relations, subject to the revision of the Secre
tary of War, (now Secretary of the Interior).
The duties of the Bureau are administered by the Commissioner, Chief
Clerk, and assistants at Washington, and by a number of superintendents,
agents, farmers, school teachers, and other appointees in the Indian country.
The estimated number of Indians is about three hundred thousand, spread
ing from Lake Superior to the Pacific Ocean. Those east of the Mississippi,
with few exceptions, are on reservations ; so also are the tribes in Kansas
north of the Arkansas, and those located between the western border of Ar
kansas and the country known as the " leased lands."
During the last few years the attention of the government has been drawn,
in an unusual degree, to its relations with the Indians, on account of depre
dations which have been committed by them upon the white settlers, and the
180 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
obstructions to travel, and insecurity which their continued enmity has
caused. New military posts have been established, forts garrisoned, and
troops sent in pursuit of the hostile Indians.
Early in the spring of 1867, General Hancock, of the Department of the
Missouri, started on an expedition among the hostile tribes of the south. He
met several of the chiefs, but did not succeed in arranging terms of peace ;
an important Indian village on the Pawnee Fork was burned, and skirmishes
took place between the troops and the Indians in which several of both parties
were killed. The Indians were exasperated ; depredations were continued ;
the work on the railroads was retarded ; laborers and employees were mur
dered ; and property and life were insecure in a large part of the territory
occupied by the Indians.
On the 20th of July, 1867, an act was passed "to establish peace with cer
tain hostile Indian tribes," which provided for the appointment of commis
sioners, with a view to the following objects :
1. To remove, if possible, the causes of wrar.
2. To secure, as far as practicable, our frontier settlements, and the safe
building of the railroads looking to the Pacific.
3. To suggest, or inaugurate some plan for the civilization of those Indians.
The commissioners selected were as follows : N. G. Taylor, president ; J.
B. Henderson ; W. T. Sherman, lieutenant-general ; "W. S. Harney, brevet
major-general; John B. Sanderson; Alfred H. Terry, brevet major-general;
S. F. Tappan ; C. C. Augur, brevet major-general.
These commissioners organized at St. Louis on the 6th of August, and set
about obtaining interviews with the chiefs of the hostile tribes. Runners
were employed to signify the pacific purposes of these commissioners to the
Indians, and to endeavor to arrange a general council. In the mean time they
visited various posts of the Military Division of the Missouri, taking evidence
of the officers with regard to the conduct of the Indians and the causes of
the war ; they also issued orders through the military departments to the
various superintendents and agents of Indian affairs, that appointments be
made for a great council of the northern hostile tribes at Fort Laramie, on
the 13th of September, and of the southern tribes at Fort Larned on the 13th
of October.
The commissioners held conferences with several bands of Indians, both of
the northern and southern tribes. Treaties of peace were signed with the
Kiowas, Camanches, Apaches, and the southern Cheyennes and Arrapahoes.
The commissioners presented a report in July, 1868, in which the treatment
of the Indians is reviewed, the causes of the war pointed out, and important
suggestions made regarding the future course of the government. They re
commend the selection of two districts or territories, and the location of the
Indians in them, as follows :
First.— The territory bounded north by Kansas, east by Arkansas and Missouri, south by
Texas, and west by the 100th or 101st meridian. In this territory, the Cherokees, Creeks, Choc-
taws, and other of the civilized tribes already reside. In process of time, others might grad
ually be brought in, and, in the course of a few years, we might safely calculate on concentrat
ing there the following tribes, to wit :
1869.] DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 181
Present Population. Pr««ent Population.
Cherokees 14.000 Kiowas and Camanches 14,800
Creeks 14,396 Cheycnnes, Arrapahoes and Apaches . . . 4,000
Choctaws 12,500 Pottowatomies 1,992
Chickasaws 4,500 Kansas Indians, (various tribes) 4,039
Seminoles 2,000 Navajoes of New Mexico 7,700
Osages 3,000
Wachitas, (various tribes) 3,508 Total 86,435
Second.— The Second District might be located as follows, viz : The territory bounded north
by the 46th parallel, east by the Missouri River, south by Nebraska, and west by the 104th
meridian. If the hostile Sioux cannot be induced to remove from the Powder River, a hunting
privilege may be extended to them for a time, while the nucleus of settlement may be forming
on the^Missouri, the White Earth or Cheyenne River. To prevent war, if insisted on by the
Sioux, the western boundary might be extended to the 106th or even the 107th meridian for
the present. The following tribes might, in a reasonable time, be concentrated on this reser
vation, viz:
Present Population. Pre.ent Population.
Yancton Sioux 2,530 Upper Pend d'Oreilles 918
Pauoos 980 Kootenoys 287
Lower Brules 1,200 Blackfeet 2,450
Lower Yanctonars 2,100 Picgau 1,870
Two Kettles 1,200 Bloods 2,150
Blackfeet 1,320 Gros Ventres 1,500
Minneconyous 2,220 Crows 3,900
Umpquas 1,800 Winnebagoes 1,750
Ogallalas 2,100 Omahas 998
Upper Yanctonars 2,400 Brule and Ogallalla Sioux 7,865
Sans Arcs 1,680 Northern Cheyenues 1,800
Arickarees 1,500 Northern Arrapahoes 750
Gros Ventres 400 Santee Sioux 1,350
Mandans 400
Assinaboines 2,640 Total 54,126
Flatheads 558
It may be advisable to let the Winnebagoes, Omahas, Ottoes, Sante Sioux, and perhaps
others remain where they are, and finally become incorporated with the citizens of Nebraska,
as suggested in regard to the Kansas tribes.
4. PATENT OFFICE.
The Constitution, Art. 1, Sec. 8, confers upon Congress the power to pro
mote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to their writings and discoveries.
The rights of the latter class are secured by letters patent issued from the
Patent Office in accordance with acts of Congress. The office as now organ
ized was established by act of July 4, 1836.
The building erected under the authority of that act is one of the most
imposing in the city of Washington. It extends over two entire blocks, and
is used for storing and preserving models as well as for offices for the Com
missioner, clerks, and examiners.
During the year ending September 30, 1868, there were 20,112 applications for patents ; 14,153
patents (including re-issues and designs) were issued; 1,692 applications were allowed, but
patents were not issued thereon, by reason of the non-payment of the final fees ; 3,789 caveats
were filed ; 180 applications for extension were received, and 133 extensions of patents were
granted.
During the same period, the receipts were $696,786.00, and the expenditures, $696,957.00. An
appropriation of $360,000 will be required for the balance of the fiscal year.
182 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
TABLE SHOWING THE BUSINESS OF THE OFFICE FOB THIRTY YEARS END
ING DECEMBER 31, 1867.
Tears.
1887
Applications Filed.
435
.$29 289 08
Cash Expended.
$33 506 98
1838.
420
42,123.54
37 402 10
1839.
4-25
37,260 00
34 543 51
1840
705
228
473
38,056 51
39 020 67
1841
847
31-2
495
40,413 01
52 666 87
1842....
761 ...
.. 291...
. 517...
...36,505.68...
...31.241.48
1843 819 315 531 35,315.81 30,766.96
1844 1,045 380 50*2 42,509.26 36,344.73
1845 1,246 452 502 51,076.14 39,395.65
1846 1,272 448 619 50.264.16 46,158.71
1847 1,531 553 572 63,111.19 41,878.35
1848 1,628 607 660 67,576.69 58,905.84
1849 1,955 595 1,070. . . . , 80,752.78 77,716.44
1850 2,193 602 995 86,927.05 80,100.95
1851 2,258 760 869 95,738.61 86,916.93
1852 2,639 996 1,020 112,056.34 95,916.91
1853 2,673 901 958 121,527.45 132,869.83
1854 3,324 868 1,902 163,789.84 167,146.32
1855 4,435 906 2,024 216,459.a5 179,540.33
1856 4,960 1,024 1,502 192,588.02 199.931.02
1857 4,771 1,010 2,910 196,132.01 211,582.09
1858 5,364 943 3,710 203,716.16 193,193.74
1859 6,225 1,097 4,538 245,942.15 210,278.41
1860 7,653 1,084 4,819 256,352.59 252,820.80
1861 4,643 700 3,340 137,354.44 221,491.91
1862 5,038 824 3.521 215,754.99 182,810.39
1863 6,014 787 4,170 195,593.29 189,414.14
1864 6,972 1,063 5,020 240,919.98 229,868.00
1865 10,664 1,063 6,616 348,791.84 274,199.34
1866 15,269 2.723 9,450 495,665.38 361,724.28
1867 16,547 3,486 11,655 611,910.61 553,599.98
1868* 20,112 3,789 14,153 696,786.00 696,957.00
The foregoing table shows a rapid increase in the number of applications
for patents, and in the number of patents issued. The number of applica
tions in 1867, was 55 per cent, greater than in 1865 ; and 116 per cent, greater
than in 1860.
The Commissioner in his report for 1867, says that great inconvenience has
been experienced by the examiners for the want of sufficient room. Addi
tional accommodations are also needed for the proper arrangement and pre
servation of the drawings of inventions.
The library of the Patent Office has vastly grown in importance within the
last few years. It is not only needed and used as an absolute necessity by
the examiners in the performance of their duties, but it is now much con
sulted by inventors and those engaged in their interest. It is not an uncom
mon thing for persons to come from distant parts of the United States to
consult books which can only be found in the Patent Office. The collection
is now one of the best technical libraries in the world.
*For year ending September 30, 1868.
1869.] DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 183
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
[Corrected at Department of Agriculture, October, 1868.]
Commissioner HORACE CAPRON $3,000
Acting Chief Clerk R. T. McLAix 2,000
Disbursing Clerk B. F. FULLER 2,000
Statistician J. R. DODGE 2,000
Superintendent Botanical Gardens. . . . WILLIAM SAUNDERS 2,000
Entomologist TOWNEND GLOVER 2,000
Chemist *THOMAS ANTISELI, 2,000
Superintendent of Seed Room SIDNEY DEAN 1,800
Librarian A. B. GROSH 1,800
The Department of Agriculture was established by an act of Congress,
approved May 15, 1862. The act provides that the department shall be
located at the seat of government of the United States, and that its designs
and duties shall be to acquire and to diffuse among the people of the United
States useful information on subjects connected with agriculture in the most
general and comprehensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate,
and distribute among the people new and valuable seeds and plants.
The chief Executive officer is the " Commissioner of Agriculture," who
holds his office by a tenure similar to that of other civil officers appointed
by the President. The Commissioner is to acquire and preserve in his de
partment all information concerning agriculture which he can obtain by
means of books and correspondence, and by practical and scientific experi
ments, (accurate records of which experiments shall be kept in his office), by
the collection of statistics, and by any other appropriate means within his
power ; to collect as he may be able new seeds and plants ; to test, by culti
vation, the value of such of them as may require such tests ; to propagate
such as may be worthy of propagation, and to distribute them among agri
culturists. He annually makes a general report in writing of his acts to the
President and to Congress, and he also makes special reports on particular
subjects whenever required to do so by the President or either house of
Congress, or whenever he thinks the subject in his charge requires it. He
directs and superintends the expenditure of all money appropriated by Con
gress to the department, and renders accounts thereof.
The chief clerk in the necessary absence of the Commissioner, or whenever
the office becomes vacant, performs the duties of the office. The Commis
sioner under the provisions of Congress, appoints and employs chemists,
botanists, entomologists, and other persons skilled in the natural sciences
pertaining to agriculture.
The new building of the Department which was contracted for in August
1867, was so far completed that the offices of the Commissioner and his as
sistants were removed to it in the summer of 1868. This building, situated
just west of the grounds of the Smithsonian Institution, is 171 feet in length,
and 62 feet in width, with a projection at each end extending 6 feet beyond
the central portion, and one on the south front for hall and staircase. In
the basement, are the operating rooms of the chemical laboratory, folding
184 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
and packing rooms, and rooms for boiler and steam apparatus. On the first
floor are the principal offices and library. The Commissioner's rooms on this
floor are decorated with the new wood wall paper, not only for the purposes
of ornament but to illustrate the effect of different kinds of this material
when properly applied. The principal room of the second story is 103 feet
long, 51 feet wide, and 26 feet high, and is designed for a grand agricultural
museum. The seed rooms are in the third story ; and the attic, when com
pleted, will furnish rooms for a variety of work connected with the operations
of the department now performed in other places.
The propagating garden has been successfully conducted. During the
first 13 weeks of 1867, the number of plants distributed from it was 42,173,
principally through members of Congress. The distribution of seeds for 1867,
amounted to 1,426,637 papers. Of this number 352,000 were distributed
through Senators and members of the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses ;
88,482 through agricultural and horticultural organizations ; 164,953 to corps
of statistical correspondents in acknowledgment of valuable gratuitous ser
vices ; 299,975 to individuals upon letters of members of Congress, or upon
personal application, or in answer to letters from individuals; and 521,227 to
the southern states, under the special appropriation for that purpose.
The present Commissioner has made arrangements for exchanges of cereals,
rare seeds, and medicinal and other plants, with various institutions, agricul
tural departments, and societies, and several governments of different divis
ions of the globe. The arrangements include the governments of Austria,
Prussia, China, Japan, Guatemala, and British Honduras ; the botanical gar
dens of Melbourne, in Australia, and of Kew, in England ; the India museum,
in London ; the Cape of Good Hope Agricultural Society ; and the commis
sioner of patents of the Argentine Republic. The hearty co-operation of
scientific men representing these governments and institutions has been se
cured. By these exchanges which are to extend to all parts of the world
where practicable, there will be collected at the Department of Agriculture,
Washington, the best variety of trees, shrubs, plants and seeds adapted to the
climate and soil of any part of this country.
At the experimental farm, tests of seeds, cereals and vegetables, both foreign
and domestic, have been successfully continued, though the area cultivated
has been too limited for the best results. Since the erection of the new build
ing, the farm has, from necessity, been appropriated to other purposes.
In the chemical laboratory of the department, analyses and tests have
been made to ascertain the value and utility of various products, fertilizers,
minerals and fibers, the benefits of which the country are reaping.
The museum already contains a large collection of seeds, models of fruits,
substances used for clothing, as silk, cotton, flax, &c., in different stages of
growth or manufacture; preserved specimens of insects, birds and other
animals injurious or beneficial to vegetation, all carefully classified and
placed so as to be of the most service. The arrangements adopted, em
brace : 1st. A general classification by subjects, including all the varieties and
illustrations necessary under each head. 2d. A classification by states, exhib-
1869.] DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 185
iting the products or noxious animals of each. 3d. An economic classifica
tion exhibiting the substances and products adapted to economic purposes.
Selections from the information obtained from correspondents and other
wise are published by the Department in monthly and annual reports.
The following statistics have been compiled principally from the monthly
reports for 1868, or have been furnished directly by the Department.
TABLE I. gives the Mean Temperature and Rain Fall for each month, from
July, 1867, to June, 1868, inclusive, compiled from reports made by the ob
servers for the Smithsonian Institution.
TABLE II. gives the average yield per acre and the average prices of the
principal crops for 1867.
TABLE III. gives the average prices of farm stock in January, 1868.
TABLE IV. gives the condition of crops September 1, 1868, as compared
with an average crop, where the crop had been harvested, or an average
prospect of crop, where it had not.
The highest temperature noted, was 103°, at Raleigh, North Carolina, July 25, 1867 ; at San
Francisco, California, July 30, 1867 ; at AUentown, Missouri, August 18, 1867 ; and at Baxter
Springs, Kansas, June 28, 1868. The lowest temperature noted, was-40°, at Minneapolis, Min
nesota, January 12, 1868.
During the "heated term" in July, 1868, the maximum temperature reported, was July 20,
at Honton, Kansas, where the thermometer stood at 113° in the shade for an hour; on 20 days,
it was 100" and above. At Leavenworth, Kansas, the thermometer was 100° and upwards, on
16 days. The maximum temperature at other places on July 20, was, at Atchison, Kansas, 107;
Glendale, Nebraska, 106 ; Omaha, 105 ; and Warrensburg, Missouri, 104.
Wheat. The wheat crop in the following states is represented below the average, 10 repre
senting an average crop: Maine, 9.5; New Hampshire, 9.5; New Jersey, 9.3 ; Delaware, 7; Vir
ginia, 8; North Carolina, 7.5 ; South Carolina, 8.3; Georgia, 7.3; Alabama, 8; Mississippi, 8.8;
Texas, 4.8; Arkansas, 9.1 ; Tennessee, 9.1 ; Kentucky, 8.6; Illinois, 9.2; Wisconsin, 9.8; Iowa,
9.5 ; Nebraska, 9.8 ; and the following up to or above the average : Vermont, 10.5 ; Massachu
setts, 10; New York, 10.3 ; Pennsylvania, 10.4; Maryland, 10.1 ; West Virginia, 10.1 ; Missouri,
10.6; Indiana, 10.6; Ohio, 10; Michigan, 10.5; Minnesota, 11.4; Kansas, 10.8.
Corn. The most remarkable fact in connection with the corn crop of 1868, is the great in
crease of its acreage in the south, the difference in number of acres between the present and
preceding year being more than two millions and a half. A slight decrease is apparent in the
eastern seaboard states, resulting from the unpropitious character of the cold, wet, and back
ward spring, which sadly interfered with planting. A careful estimate of the acreage shows a
decrease of 49,609 acres in eight states, and an increase of 3,108,215 acres in the remaining
states, as follows :
DECREASE.
Acres. Acres. Acres.
Maine 3.300 Rhode Island 1.719 . New Jersey 8,818
New Hampshire 3,184 Connecticut 9.511 Maryland 8,204
Massachusetts 1,985 New York
INCREASE.
Acres. Acres. Acres.
Vermont 1,679 Mississippi 313,109 Kansas 63,411
Pennsylvania 57,106 Louisiana 397.291 Iowa 236.682
Delaware 6,697 Texas 132,229 Minnesota 25,500
Virginia 70,775 Arkansas 376.762 Wisconsin 32,361
North Carolina 216,927 Tennessee 127,215 Michigan... .. 48,146
South Carolina 89,764 West Virginia 13,131 Ohio 178,397
Georgia 255.987 Kentucky 207.307 Indiana 100.626
Florida 48,728 Missouri 407.942 Illinois 366,692
Alabama 43,827 Nebraska 16,145
These figures show an increase of over 3,000,000 of acres in corn, making about 36,000,000 in
the United States, an advance of 9 per cent. The per centage of Louisiana reaches 65 ; Arkan
sas, 47; Kansas, 30; Mississippi, 25 ; Nebraska, 25; Missouri, 22 ; Texas, 18 ; Minnesota, 17 ;
Iowa, 15 ; Illinois and Ohio, 8 ; Indiana, 4.
186
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
187
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1869.]
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
189
IV. CONDITION OF CHOPS, SEPTEMBER, 1868.
I
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STATES.
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190 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.
As this Department has been only recently established, and will hereafter
be looked to by school officers, teachers, and students of educational prog
ress, at home and abroad, for the most recent and most reliable information
respecting the whole subject of Education and Schools in this country, we
give the following account of its organization and its modes of operation
and practical results for the first year, drawn from the following documents :
(1). Official circulars of the department of Education, Numbers I to XIII.
(2). Report of the Commissioner of Education, dated March 15, 1868.
(3). Special Report on the condition and improvement of Public Schools
in the District of Columbia, with an account of the System, Digest of the
Regulations and the Subjects and Courses of Instruction of Public Schools,
in the principal cities of the United States, dated July, 1868.
(4). The American Journal of Education — National Series, Vol. 1, 1867-68.
This quarterly publication has no official character, and although under the
editorial supervision of the Commissioner, is published without any expense
to the Department.
The Act creating a National Department of Education approved March
2, 1867, is as follows :
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, That there shall be established, at the city of Washington, a Department
of Education for the purpose of collecting such statistics and facts as shall show the condition
and progress of education in the several States and Territories, and of diffusing such informa
tion respecting the organization and management of schools and school systems, and methods
of teaching, as shall aid the people of the United States in the establishment and maintenance
of efficient school systems, and otherwise promote the cause of education throughout the
country.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, a Commissioner of Education, who shall be intrusted with
the management of the department herein established, and who shall receive a salary of four
thousand dollars per annum, and who shall have authority to appoint one chief clerk of his de
partment, who shall receive a salary of two thousand dollars per annum, one clerk who shall re
ceive a salary of eighteen hundred dollars per annum, and one clerk who shall receive a salary
of sixteen hundred dollars per annum, which said clerks shall be subject to the appointing and
removing power of the Commissioner of Education.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Educa
tion to present annually to Congress a report embodying the results of his investigations and
labors, together with a statement of such facts and recommendations as will, in his judgment,
subserve the purpose for which this department is established. In the first report made by the
Commissioner of Education under this act there shall be presented a statement of the several
grants of land made by Congress to promote education, and the manner in which these several
trusts have been managed, the amount of funds arising therefrom, and the annual proceeds of
the same, as far as the same can be determined.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the Commissioner of Public Buildings is hereby au
thorized and directed to furnish proper offices for the use of the department herein established.
On the llth of March, HENRY BARNARD* was nominated by President John
son, and on the 16th was confirmed by the Senate, Commissioner of Education.
Rooms were provided by the Commissioner of Public Buildings for the
*Dr. Barnard, at the time was President of St. John's College, at Annapolis. Maryland, but
since 1837 has been connected with the administration of public schools in the States of Con
necticut and Rhode Island, and in varied efforts to advance the work of educational reform
and improvement in different parts of the country.
1869.] DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 191
Department ; the three clerks provided for were appointed, and the following
plan of operations was adopted by the Commissioner.
The first step taken was to make known the provisions of the Act, estab
lishing the department, and at the same time to map out the field of inquiry
into which the Commissioner was about to enter.
SCHEDULE OF INFORMATION SOUGHT.
I. GENERAL. VIEW OF SYSTEMS, INSTITUTIONS, AND AGENCIES OF EDUCATION.
A. GENERAL CONDITION (of District, Village, City. County, State).
(Territorial Extent, Municipal Organization, Population, Valuation, Receipts, and Expendit
ures for all public purposes).
B. SYSTEM OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
C. INCORPORATED INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER SCHOOLS AND AGENCIES OF EDUCATION.
II. DETAILS OF SYSTEM AND INSTRUCTION.
ELEMENTARY OR PRIMARY EDUCATION.
(Public, Private, and Denominational ; and for boys or girls).
2. ACADEMIC OR SECONDARY EDUCATION.
(Institutions mainly devoted to studies not taught in the Elementary Schools, and to prep
aration for College or Special Schools).
3. COLLEGIATE OR SUPERIOR EDUCATION.
(Institutions entitled by law to grant the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science).
4. PROFESSIONAL, SPECIAL, OR CLASS EDUCATION.
(Institutions having special studies and training, such as— 1, Theology. 2, Law. 3, Medi
cine. 4, Teaching. 5, Agriculture. 6, Architecture, (Design and Construction). 7, Technology
— Polytechnic. 8, Engineering, (Civil or Mechanical). 9, War, (on land or sea). 10, Business
or Trade. 11, Navigation. 12, Mining and Metallurgy. 13, Drawing and Painting. 14, Music.
15, Deaf Mutes. 16, Blind. 17, Idiotic. 18, Juvenile Offenders. 19, Orphans. 20, Girls. 21,
Colored Freedmen. 22, Manual or Industrial. 23, 'Not specified above— such as Chemistry and
its applications— Modern Languages— Natural History and Geology— Steam and its applications
— Pharmacy — Veterinary Surgery, &c).
5. SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATION.
1, Sunday and Mission Schools. 2, Apprentice Schools. 3, Evening Schools. 4, Courses
of Lectures. 5, Lyceums for Debates. 6, Reading Rooms— Periodicals. 7, Libraries of Refer
ence or Circulation. 8, Gymnasiums, Boat and Ball Clubs, and other Athletic Exercises. 9,
Public Gardens, Parks and Concerts. 10, Not specified above.
6. SOCIETIES, INSTITUTES, MUSEUMS, CABINETS, AND GALLERIES FOB THE ADVANCEMENT
OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS.
7. EDUCATIONAL AND OTHER PERIODICALS.
8. SCHOOL FUNDS AND EDUCATIONAL BENEFACTIONS.
9. LEGISLATION (STATE OR MUNICIPAL) RESPECTING EDUCATION.
10. SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE.
11. PENAL AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
12. CHURCHES AND OTHER AGENCIES OF RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION.
13. REPORTS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS ON SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION.
14. MEMOIRS OF TEACHERS, AND PROMOTERS OF EDUCATION.
15. EXAMINATIONS -(COMPETITIVE, OR OTHERWISE) FOR ADMISSION TO NATIONAL OR STATE
SCHOOLS, OR TO PUBLIC SERVICE OF ANY KIND.
MODES OF OBTAINING INFORMATION.
The sources of information respecting Educational Institutions relied on, are :
(1). The annual reports and special replies of officers charged with their
administration in the several states, or personal visitation of institutions by
the Commissioner, or inspectors qualified to judge and report upon subjects
in regard to which information is sought.
(2). The annual meetings and published proceedings of national societies
192 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
devoted to general or special educational objects, and similar meetings of
state, county, and town Teachers' Associations.
(3). Correspondence with the active school men of the day, both at home
and abroad, respecting systems of public instruction, and institutions of learn
ing of every kind.
(4). A library and cabinet of education, based on a collection commenced
thirty years ago, of text-books and school documents, giving the results of
the experience of states, institutions and individuals, in the work.
(5). The daily and weekly press for current information of all important
educational movements and discussions.
MODES OF DISSEMINATING INFORMATION.
The several agencies employed for collecting information, viz : The annual
meetings of educational associations, national, state and municipal ; corres
pondence with officers, teachers and friends of educational improvement, the
press, as well as personal interviews, have been resorted to, to disseminate
information as to the objects and needs of the department. In addition to
these, the following plan of publication has been adopted.
PLAN OF PUBLICATION.
" As at present advised, the following plan of publication will be pursued :
1. Monthly Circular. To be issued monthly — each number to be devoted to such special
subject as the correspondence or investigations of the Department may require ; and if the
requisite clerical labor can be devoted to its preparation, to a monthly summary of Education
Intelligence and Statistics in different States and Countries.
These Circulars will not be printed for general distribution, and as a general rule will be
mailed, in answer or inquiry, to correspondents, or to persons known to be, or who may write,
that they are specially interested in the subject.
The matter contained in them, in addition to the official, will not always be new, but euch
articles will be introduced from former publications of the Commissioner, or of others, as he
may think illustrative of the special subject to which the Circular is devoted.
2. A Quarterly Publication. It is proposed to begin a National Series of the American
Journal of Education, with a view of completing the encyclopecliac view of Education— its His
tory, System, Institutions, Principles, Methods, and Statistics ; begun several years since, and
prosecuted thus far with a special reference to the condition and wants of our own schools, and
with a studious avoidance of all matters foreign to the main object. The range and exhaustive
treatment of subjects can be seen by the Classified Index, which will be forwarded if desired.
Although the Journal will remain for the present under the editorial supervision of the Com
missioner, who will receive no compensation for this service, it will be entirely the private
enterprise of its publisher, who will soon announce his plan and terms.
The Department will be in no way responsible for the matter or the expense, but will avail
itself of this mode of printing documents prepared by, or at the request of the Commissioner,
which it may be desirable to issue in advance or aside of any other form of publication.
The numbers will be sent only to subscribers, or to special orders addressed to the Publisher,
Hartford, Conn.
3. Educational Documents and Tracts. The Commissioner, with euch cooperation
as he can enlist, will at once begin the preparation or rather the revision and completion of a
series of Educational Documents (A) begun several years ago, after consultation with several
of the most eminent educators of the country ; each of which will be devoted to an exhaustive
treatment of a particular subject, and at the same time be so prepared as to give a brief sum
mary of the general principles and statistics connected with the same for circulation by itself.
The plan of publication (B) will be set forth in his first Annual Report.
4. An Annual Report. As is provided for in the Act establishing this Department, a
Report will be submitted to Congress annually, in which, after the preliminary arrangements
have been completed for obtaining full and reliable information, the progress and condition of
Education in different States and countries during the year will be presented.
1869.] DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 193
The following is the series of Educational Documents referred to above (A):
1. A Catalogue of the best publications on the organization, instruction and discipline of
schools, of every grade, and on the principles of education, in different languages, which can
be consulted in the Library of the Department of Education at Washington.
2. A History of Education, ancient and modern, with reference to the original authorities,
where the systems and institutions of each country can be more fully investigated.
3. An Account of Elementary Instruction in Europe.
4. National Education in the United States ; or contributions to the history and improve
ment of common or public schools, and other institutions, means and agencies of popular edu
cation in the several States.
5. School Architecture ; or the principles of construction, ventilation, wanning, acoustics,
seating, &c. ; applied to school rooms, lecture halls, and class rooms, with illustrations.
6. Normal Schools, Training Schools, Teachers' Institutes, and other institutions, means,
and agencies, for the professional training and improvement of teachers.
7. System of Public Education for large cities and villages, with an account of the schools
and other means of popular education and recreation in the principal cities of Europe and in
this country.
8. System of Popular Education for sparsely populated districts, with an account of schools
in the agricultural portions of different countries.
9. Schools of Agriculture, and other means of advancing the special instruction of persons
engaged in agriculture.
10. Schools of Science applied to the mechanic arts, civil engineering, &c.
11. Schools of Trade, Navigation, Commerce, &c.
12. Female Education, with an account of different systems and seminaries in this country
and in Europe.
13. Institutions for Orphans.
14. Schools of Industry, or institutions for truant, idle or neglected children, before they
have been convicted of crime.
15. Reform Schools, or institutions for young criminals.
16. Houses of Refuge, for adult criminals.
17. Secondary Education, including a, institutions preparatory to college, and J, institutions
preparatory to special schools of agriculture, engineering, trade, navigation, &c.
18. Colleges and Universities.
19. Schools of Theology, Law, and Medicine.
20. Military and Naval Schools.
21. Supplementary Education, including adult schools, evening schools, courses of popular
lectures, debating classes, mechanic institutes, &c.
22. Libraries, with hints for the purchase, arrangement, catalogueing, drawing, and preser
vation of books, especially in libraries designed for popular use.
23. Institutions for the Deaf and Dumb, Blind, and Idiots.
24. Societies for the Encouragement of Science, the Arts, and Education.
25. Schools and Academies of Art, Public Museums and Galleries.
26. Public Gardens, and other arrangements for popular recreation.
27. Educational Tracts, or a series of short essays on topics of immediate practical impor-
tance to teachers and school officers.
28. Educational Biography, or the lives of distinguished educators and teachers.
This series will embrace the most important institutions and agencies by
wliich the education of the country is secured."
WORK DONE OR IN PROGRESS.
1. National Land Grants for Educational Purposes. In pursuance of the
requirement of the Act, establishing the department, an investigation into
the history " of the several grants of land made by Congress to promote educa
tion, and the manner in which these several trusts have been managed,1' was
the first step taken after organizing the Department. A preliminary report
giving the legislation of Congress, and the action of the several states, in
regard to " the public lands devoted to the several states to provide colleges
13
194 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [I860.
for the benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," was at once prepared
and printed in official circular, No. VI, and the supplement, and submitted
to Congress in the first general report of the department. To the report on
Colleges of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, will be added in a subsequent
communication a notice of similar institutions in the different states, not
aided by the national grants, together with a comprehensive survey of the
whole field of realistic and special scientific education in the principal states
of Europe — much of the material of which has been already collected with
out any expense to the department.
2. Condition of Public Schools in the District of Columbia; In pursuance
of a Joint Resolution of Congress, approved March 29, 1867, the Commis
sioner instituted an exhaustive inquiry " as to the number of children of the
ordinary school age ; the number of the same in any school, public or private,
and such other facts as were necessary to form an intelligent opinion as to
the relative efficiency of the school system in operation in the District, and
what additional legislation was necessary to secure the advantages of the
best system to all the children." The results of that inquiry are embodied
in a Special Eeport to Congress, which includes besides the history and con
dition of public schools and other means of education in the District of
Columbia, an account of the organization and operation of public schools of
all the principal cities of the United States — a digest of the regulations
adopted by school authorities of these cities, and the subjects and courses of
instruction in detail of the cities of Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Louisville,
New Bedford, New Haven, New York, Philadelphia, and St. Louis. To this
account of the system of public schools in our principal cities is appended a
full account of the public schools of Berlin, the Capital of Prussia, with the
programme of instruction in several- schools of each grade, with a full ac
count of Froebel's Infant Gardens, of the Real Schools, and the Gymnasium of
that city. To this account of the school system of Berlin, the Commissioner
proposes to add in a supplementary report, an account of the educational
system of Paris, London, Edinburgh, Dresden, Vienna, Brussels, and the other
capitals of Europe.
3. Constitutional Provisions respecting schools. In answer to inquiries in
numerous letters from those who were engaged in revising and framing con
stitutions in thirteen states, during the last year (1867-8), a document was
prepared intended to embrace every provision found in the successive con
stitutions of each state respecting Education, Literature, and Science. This
was printed as Circular Nos. IV and V, and supplement.
4. Legislation respecting Systems of Elementary Instruction. A collection
of the school codes of the several states has been prepared, embracing the
earliest law of each state, and a brief notice of all subsequent modifications,
and the last revisions. The historical portion of this document was mainly
prepared before the establishment of the Department, but will be placed at
its disposal in case the publication of this valuable document is authorized
by Congress. [No provision for its publication was made by Congress].
5. European Systems of Instruction. In addition to a series of articles
I860.] DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 195
on the relations of the state to education, an account of the school sys
tem of the Canton Zurich, together with a literal translation of the school
code, was published in official circular, No. VII, to illustrate the manner in
which the question of the authority and duty of the state in popular educa
tion, has been practically solved by a republic of the old world. This will
be followed by an account of the school system of the other Cantons of
Switzerland, and a full account of the school system and statistics of all the
principal European States.
6. Female Education. To the discussion of the problems yet unsolved
in many states and cities, as to the limitation and modification of courses of
instruction required by the peculiarities of constitution and occupation of
women, the Commissioner proposes to bring the experience of systems, in
stitutions and individuals in different states and countries. Sources of infor
mation on the subject, and the experience of one leading institution, Oberlin
College, Ohio, are given in official circular, No. VIII.
7. Academic or Secondary Education. On the important subject of insti
tutions for Secondary Education — including Public High Schools and Acad
emies for either or both sexes — although the means for exhibiting their pres
ent condition in every State are not sufficiently collected, yet to aid in the
further collection of materials and in the discussion of the subject, the Com
missioner has already published a general view of the system as it exists in
New England (circular IX,) as well as a full account of the system of several
of the principal countries of Europe, one of which (Prussia) is printed in
official circular, No. X. This subject is still further discussed in the Sjjecial
Report on the Public Schools of the District of Columbia.
8. School Houses. To numerous inquiries respecting school houses, the
Commissioner, as an expeditious and economical mode of returning answers,
has commenced the preparation of a document containing plans of build
ings recently erected for schools of different kinds and grades. A selection
from these relating to graded schools in cities, including 133 illustrations,
will be found in official circular, No. XL
9. Professional Training and Improvement of Teachers. To help teachers
in their work, and to contribute to the highest improvement of special in
stitutions for this object, a document has been prepared, showing what has
been clone, or is now doing in the different states for the special training of
teachers for their work, — portions of which will be found in official circular,
No. XII. This includes descriptions of twenty-three State Normal Schools,
and ten city Training Schools. The main facts in the history and condition
of these state institutions will be found in Table X.
We are indebted to the Department for the use of valuable material in the preparation of sev
eral of the following tables, particularly for those relating to the United States Land Grants to
the several States for Educational uses, and the cost of education in cities.
Table I. embraces the Colleges and Collegiate Institutions, both male and female, from which
we have been able to obtain information by letter or otherwise. It was the intention to classify
these, separating the colleges authorized to confer degrees from the others, but it was imprac
ticable to make an accurate classification in time for this year. Table II. embraces the principal
Theological Seminaries ; Tables III. and IV. the Medical and Law Schools ; Table V. the State
and City Normal Schools; and Table VI. the Agricultural and Scientific Schools.
196 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
I. COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS — MALE AND FEMALE.
fo. Name.
Location.
•sf
1J
O
Denomination.
1 Spring Hill College
St Joseph, near Mobile.Ala. . .
Tuskaloosa "
Marion "
Oakland Cal...
Oakland .' "
Santa Clara "
1835
1831
1841
1855
1864
1851
1858
1851
1861
1701
1823
1831
1847
1833
1822
1867
1848
1792
1837
1801
1835
1838
1854
1833
1855
1852
1830
i832
1855
1838
Catholic
2 University of Alabama
State
3 Howard College*
4 University of California
5 Female College of the Pacific
6 ; Santa Clara Collcfe
Baptist
State.
Catholic
Catholic
7 jSt. Ignatius College
8 University of thePacific*
9 Pacific Methodist*
10 -Yale College..
San Francisco
: «
Santa Clara
Methodist
Methodist
Congregational
Episcopal
Vacaville
New Haven
. Conn .
11 Trinity College
Hartford
Middletown
12 Wesleyan University
13 St. Mary's College*
14 Delaware Ag. College*
15 1 Columbian College
Methodist
Catholic
Wilmington
Newark
.Del...
Washington
D C
Baptist
National
Catholic
Catholic
Methodist Epis.. .
State Institution...
Presbyterian
Methodist
Baptist
Baptist
16 Howard University
17 Gonza<>-a College
Washington
Washington
Georgetown
Oxford
Athens
!Ga...
18 Georgetown College
19 (Emory College..
20 University of Georgia
21 Oglethorpe University
22 Wesleyan Female College
23 Marshall College*
Milledgeville
Macon
Griffin
: \
24 Mercer University*
25 Cherokee Collefe*
Penfleld
t
Cassville
Baptist
20 Illinois Wesleyan University
27 Illinois College
28 ' Abin^don College*
Bloomington
.Ills...
Methodist Epis....
Jacksonville
Abingdon
29 Shurtleff College
30 Northwestern Female College.. . .
31 Illinois Soldiers College*
Upper Alton
tt
Baptist
Evanston
Fulton
. "
Methodist
32 Knox College
33 Ewing University*
Galesburg
Knoxville
u
34 McKendree College
Lebanon
u
1828
1850
1847
1855
1856
Methodist Epis
Methodist Epis
Methodist
35 Wheaton College*
36 Northwestern University
Wht-aton
u
Evanston
u
37 '111. Conf. Female College*
38 Jubilee College
39 Southern 111 Female College*
Jacksonville
u
Robin's Nest
Salem
•
Episcopal
Methodist
40 Monmouth College
41 Southern 111 . College*
42 'Eureka College
Monmouth
Carbondale
Eureka
: ;
U'ted Presbyterian.
1852
Campbellite
43 Lincoln University*
44 Illinois Female College..
Lincoln
Jacksonville
: \
1847
Methodist
45 iAlmira Female College*
Greenville
46 Chicago University
47 1 Illinois Industrial University
48 Quincy College*
Chicago
Urbana
: \
1859
1868
1855
Baptist
State
Quincy
49 Lombard University*
50 -Franklin College
51 'Notre Dame
Galesburg
Franklin. Johnson Co.
St Joseph Co
jnd. . .
1843
1844
1850
1834
1861
1859
Baptist
Catholic
U'ted Bre. in Christ.
Presbyterian
Methodist Epis
Christian
52 Hart^ville University
Hartsville
Crawfordsville..
•u
53 W abash College
54 'Stockwell Collegiate Institute
55 Union Christian College
56 {Valparaiso Male and Female Col..
57 Indiana Asbury University
58 Indiana University
Stockwell
Merom
Valparaiso
Greencastle. Putnam Co. '
Bloomington '
Centreville, Wayne Co.. '
Hanover '
1837
1828
1865
1833
1,855
1849
1856
1861
1856
1857
1860
Methodist Epis
State Institution...
Old Sch. Presby'an.
Presbvterian
Christian
Methodist
59 Centerville Collegiate Institute.. .
(50 Hanover College
61 Northwestern Chris. University*.
62 Brookville College
63 .Moore's Hill Male and Female Col
legiate Institute
04 Norwegian Lutheran College
65 Central University of Iowa
66 Cornell College
67: Iowa State University...
Indianapolis
Brookville . . .
.Iowa.
Moore's Hill
Decorah
Pella, Marion Co
Mount Vernon
Methodist
Evan'ical Lutheran.
Baptist
Methodist
State. . .
Iowa City. ..
"
* These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent.
COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS.
COLLEGES, ETC.
197
„..
President.
Number
of Instructors.
Number
of Students.
ll
"»
i!
!C 0
•s
Number of
Volumes
in Libraries.
An'al expense
to each Stu
dent for Tui
tion.
Time of Commencement.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
J!
15
16
17
18
lit
30
21
22
23
24
y.->
m
27
28
29
80
31
82
83
:!1
85
•M\
37
38
89
40
41
1-.'
43
41
45
46
47
48
-l'i
Rev. L. Curioz... .1 21 212
l. i
3
8,000
a$225g'ld
Oct. 22d.
J L M Currv LL D
::::"::i:.:
Bev.S.H. Willey
Rev. E. B. Walsworth
Rev A Varsi
6
17
23
14
6
30
150
191
400
19
8
...?
2
""3
2.000
25,000
10.000
5.000
600
85
a 500
a 350
50-80
1st Wed. in June.
Last Thurs. in May.
Last Thurs. in June.
Last week in June.
Rev. N. Condato
Edward Bannister, D.D
Theo. D. Woolsey, D.D., LL.D.
Abner Jackson, D.D
Joseph Cummin^s D D
19
10
8
505
75
139
80,200
12.0UO
17,000
102
50
33
3d Thurs. in July.
2d Thurs. in July.
3d Thurs. in July.
600
880
225
356
Geo W Samson D D
26
432
356
121
5,000
55
'"60"
a 325
a 250
60
60
48
90
Last Wed. in June.
Byron Sunderland, D.D
Rev B F Wi"-et
21
7
5
14
3
9
"5"
5
300
you
175
76
150
36
144
175
56
3,000
30.000
7,000
7,500
1st Friday in July.
Wed. aft. 3d Mo. Jul.
2d Wed. in July.
1st Wed. in Aug.
Last Thurs. in June.
3d Wed. in July.
Rev B A Ma°riire
Luther M. Smith, D.D
Henry H Tucker, D D
380
259
900
365
478
65
37
'ilS
A. A. Lipscomb, D.D
R.C. Smith
J M Bonnell
• 3,000
1,000
'"40
213
ii
63
i',50()
6,000
Olivers. Munseli, D.D
Rev. J. M. Sturtevant
25-32
40
3d Thurs. in June.
1st Thurs. in June.
Rev D Read LL D
11
12
217
150
75
45
65
4,500
500
36
48
2d Thurs. in June.
Last Thur. in June .
Rev. Lucius H. Bugbee, A.M. .
5 51
144
32
6,500
30
Last Thur. in June.
:::::
Robert Allyn, D.D
6 267
179
28
6,500
24
2d Thurs. in June.
Henry S. Noyes, A.M
10
9
3
6
41
150
42
50
3,000
45
L'stTh.b'tlinJun.
Charles Adams, D.D
Rt. Rev. H. J. Whitehouse...
J. S. Moore, A M..
32
3,000
30
'"24^6"
Last Wed. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
David A. Wallace, D.D
12
"s
384
'266
181
""38
39
'is
1,500
i',5o6
2,666
H. W. Everest, A.M
24-30
Last week in June .
W. II. DeMotte, A.M
10
200
225
36
3d week in June.
J. C. Burroughs, D.D
John M. Gregory, LL.D
"9"
"77
15-20
"s
45
5
I
J
'266
500
240
195
165
109
i.
51
52
58
54
55
56
57
:>
.7.1
60
61
<\->
63
64
65
66
(17
Rev. Wm. Hill, A.M.
1,000
7,000
10,666
'366
32
a 300
12
30
25
18-30
1st week in June.
Last Wed. in June .
2d Tues. in June.
4th Wed. in June.
3d Thurs. in June.
3d week in June.
3d week in June.
Last Thur. in June.
Thur. before July 4.
3d Fri. in June.
3d week in June.
Rev. W Corby.
112
5
182
'"4
50
1
62
""2
J. W. Scribner, A.B..
Joseph F. Tuttle, D.D
J. H. Clarke
Thomas Holmes . . .
Rev. Thos. B. Wood
Thos. Bowman, D.D
Cyrus Nutt, D.D
9
10
7
368
296
100
346
309
57
60
7,500
2,500
(iOO
4,000
30
free.
16-40
30
Rev. S. S. Potter . .
G. D. Archibald, D.D
5
6
6
8
5
6
9
14
75
322
163
Rev! J.' H! Martin', A'.M!
203
350
73
100
425
450
45
32
4
3
3,000
1,000
a 180
28-36
4th Tues. in June.
3d week in June.
Rev. Thos. Harrison, A.M
E II Scarff
15
46
101
4
6
1,000
3,000
2.500
18^30
86
15
4th Wed. in June.
3d Thurs. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
Rev. Wm. F. King, A.M
James Black, D.D
193 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS — MALE AND FEMALE.
No. Name.
Location.
it
Denomination.
C8 Iowa Weslcyan University
69 Burlington University
Mount Pleasant
Burlington
Iowa .
Kan..
Ky...
La
1855
1854
1867
1859
1867
i858
1860 i
1860
1858
1865
1856
185-1
1838
1858
1846
1859
1819
1826
1823
1858
1845
1856
1858
iS52
1853
1865
Methodist Epis
Baptist
Methodist Epis
Protestant Epis
Friends
Congregational
Methodist
Lutheran
State Institution...
Methodist Epis
Congregational
State
70 Simpson Centenary College
71 Griswold College
[ndianola
Davenport
72 Whittier College
Salem
73 Iowa College
Grinnell
Fayette
75 Iowa Lutheran College*
Albion
76 ; Kansas State Agricultural College
77 Baker University.
78 Lincoln College
Manhattan
Baldwin City.
Topeka
79 State University*
80 St. Benedict's College*
81 The Daughters' College
Lawrence
Atchison City
Catholic
Baptist
Greenville Springs
Russellville..
82 ' Bethel College
83 Georgetown College
Georgetown
Baptist
84 Berea College*
Berea
85 Kentucky Military Institute
Near Frankfort
Protestant Epis
State
Catholic..
86 Kentucky University
Ashland, in Lexington
Bardstown
87 ; St Joseph's College*
88 1 St. Mary's College*
89 Centre College*
Marion Co
Catholic
Danville
Presbyterian
Disciples
90 : Kentucky College*
Harrodsburg
Jackson
Methodist
92 i St. Joseph's Day School
93 Franklinton Collegiate Institute..
941 Col. of the Im'culate Conception*
95 St Charles College*
Natchitoches
Washington Parish
New Orleans
Me...
Catholic
Catholic
Grand Coteau
Mt. Lebanon
Orono
Catholic
Baptist
96 Mt Lebanon University*
97 State Agricultural College
98 ' Bowdoin College
State
Brunswick
Md.
1802
1820
1864
1823
1848
1783
1793
1849
1852
1856
1830
1860
1793
1821
1638
1&55
1843
1863
1859
1843
1855
1841
i859
1859
1857
Baptist
99 Colby University
Waterville
100 Bates College
101 1 Maine Wesleyan Seminary
10° ' St Charles' College
Lewiston
Kents Hill, Readfield. .
Howard Co
Free Baptist
Methodist
Roman Catholic.. . .
State
103 Washington College
Near Chestertown
a.
104 St John' s College
Annapolis
105 [Baltimore Female College
Baltimore
Methodist
106 i Loyola College
Baltimore
Catholic
State
107 Maryland Agricultural College
108 Mount St Mary's College*
Hyattsville
Mear Emmetsburg
Pikesville.
.Mags.
Catholic
10!) Borromeo College*
110 Williams College
Catholic
Congregational
Congregational
Unitarian
Universalist
Roman Catholic . . .
Roman Catholic...
Williamstown
Amherst
111 I Amherst College
112 Harvard College
Cambridge . .
113 • Tufts College
Medford
ti
114 College of Hie Holy Cross
Worcester
Boston
Lansing
Mich
115 Boston College
116 Michigan Female College
117 Albion College
Albioii
11
Methodist Epis
Baptist
State . . ..
118 Kalamazoo College
119 'University of Michigan
Kalamazoo
Ann Arbor
1°0 HilNdale College
Hillsdale
: «
121 Adrian College
Adrian
Methodist
Cong, and Pres
1 Methodist Epis....
122 Olivet College*
Olivet
123 Hamline University
124 Northfield College*.
Red Wing
Minn
lk)"i Mississippi College
Clinton, Hinds Co
Miss
1851
1848
1850
1866
1848
1858
1&53
1857
1832
1867
1867
Baptist
State Institution. . .
State Institution...
126 University of Mississippi
127 Madison College ... .
Oxford, La Fayette Co.
Sharon
Lexington
'.Mo...
128 'Military and Collegiate Inst
129 William Jewell College
130 Lindemvood Female College
Liberty, Clay Co
Near St. Charles
Baptist
Old Sch. Presbv'an.
Old Sch. Presby'an.
Roman Catholic . . .
Episcopal
Fulton
132 Washington University
St. Louis
: «
133 1 St. Louis University
134 Jefferson City College
St. Louis
Jefferson City
Glasgow
135; Lewis College
Methodist
* These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent.
COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS.
199
COLLEGES, ETC.
No.
~68
fi!)
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
7;
78
7!)
80
si
82
88
84
85
si;
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
<»4
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
101
lo.->
loo
ll)7
10s
ion
110
111
112
11.",
Ill
li.-,
llfi
117
Us
11'.)
120
121
122
12:5
121
12.1
121
127
128
12!
l.'ii
131
\?>l
•(:>;.
131
13."
President.
t
A
•s
8
6
12
7
5
10
7
ll
%
li
Number
^ 1 of Clergymen.
Number of
Volumes
in Libraries.
An'al expense
to each Stu
dent for Tui
tion.
Time of Commencement.
C A Holmes D D
292
113
200
87
100
2
500
2,000
$39
30
15-30
24-40
22
22
3d Wed. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
3d Wed. in July.
James Henderson
Rev. Alexander Bums, M.A..
Horatio N. Powers, D.D
John II. Pickering
Rev. G. F. Magoun, A.M
William Brush A M
3
2
5,000
400
3,500
500
293
47
'iso
154
92
105
Joseph Denuison D D
7
6
7
5
5
1
"*i
3,000
3,000
2,000
Free.
30
18
4th Wed. in June.
4th Wed. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
Rev. Elial J. Rice, A.M
Rev Au°n^tine Worth
Last week in June.
2d Thurs. in June.
2d Thurs. in June.
John Aulr. Williams, A.M
Noah K. Davis, A.M
8
6
200
180
125
301
- ioo
26
220
"*i
3,000
2,000
9,000
a 250
60
45
Nathaniel M. Crawford, D.D..
Rev John G Fee
R T P Allen
11
25
177
650
150
3,000
12,000
a450-500
20
J. B. Bowman
Last Fri. in June.
Rev A Yiala !
W. II. Watkins, D.D
Rev. F. Lee Vezouet
Prof. W. H. Dixon
4
2
3
49
30
65
180
'"iso
12
2,000
75
20-40
a 200
2d Thurs. in July.
Last Thurs. in July.
1st Mon. in July.
Rev. A. Jourdan
Rev Fel Bensusse
9,
Free.
39
30
36
25
a 180
30-40
40
60
84
75
2dWed.'in Juiy.' ' "
2d Wed. in July.
Last Wed. in June.
2d week in June.
1st Wed. in July.
2d Wed. in July.
Last Wed. in July.
3d Thurs. in June.
1st week in July.
Last Thur. in June.
Samuel Harris, D.D
J. T. Champlin
Orrin B Cheney
16
6
5
11
12
2
10
12
13
8
201
61
54
300
128
35
110
149
192
11
2,538
500
13
14,000
743
'"433
175
301
120
4
450
105
12
36,138
6,000
Henry P Torsey LL D
2,000
3,000
Rev. Oliver L. Jenkins
R C Berkeley
James C. Welling
N. C. Brooks, LL.D
Rev John Early
4,000
3,250
10,000
1,600
Franklin Buchanan
Rev Oliver L. Jenkins
ReV EOS Waldron
Mark Hopkins, D.D
11
17
25
10
16
8
T
6
11
33
182
244
479
56
125
95
70
268
218
1225
2,050 610
l,730i 697
7,838 1600
108J i8
180 79
12,000
34,000
119,000
10,000
14,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
22,000
45
45
104
35
a 250
60
44
0175-300
24
Free.
Last Wed. in July.
2d Thurs. in July.
3d Tues. in June.
2d Wed. in July.
1st Thurs. in July.
1st Wed. in July.
Last Wed. in Sept.
3d Thurs. in June.
3d Mon. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
Wm. A. Stearns, D.D
Thomas Hill, D.D., LL.D
Alonzo A. Miner. D.D
Robert W. Brady
Rev John Bapst
A. C. Rogers . ,
43
127
51
1,227
:::8
Geo B. Jocelyn, D.D
Rev. Daniel Putnam, A.M
Erastus O. Haven, D.D., LL.D.
Asa Mah'an D D
10
11
6
242
£59
235
62
32
21
7
'"4
3,566
1,575
31
15-21
27-30
Last week in June.
3d week in June.
4th Wed. in June.
Nathan J Morrison D D
Jabez Brooks, A.M., D.D
Walter Hiilmans, A. M. . .
2
9
5
3
29
231
50
50
34
365
50
'"24
g
2
2,000
5,000
1,000
100
1,000
52
50
50
15-50
'"40"
44
100
60-80
250
20-40
Last Wed. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
3d Thurs. in July.
2d Mon. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
J. N. Waddel, D.D
W. L. C. Hinnicutt
G K Smith
Thomas Rambant, D.D
French Strother
M M. Fisher
5
'5
44
15
4
4
50
100
618
320
135
153
60
29
200
20
30
5,000
6,000
25,000
4th Thurs. in June.
3d Thurs. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
W Chauvenet, LL.D..
Rev. Thomas O'Neil
W. H. D. Hatton
! J. S. Barwick, A.M
2,000
Last Thur. in June.
200 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS — MALE AND FEMALE.
No. Name.
^
it
o
Denomination.
130 St. Vincent's College*
Cape Girardeau
Columbia
Mount, Pleasant
...Mo...
1843
1843
1855
1769
1770
1746
1851
1855
1846
1850
1849
1853
1754
1795
1812
1825
1866
1846
1846
1861
1855
1853
1856
1836
1857
1860
1847
1863
1865
184-7
1838
1861
1857
1859
1839
1831
1795
1834
1840
1804
1824
1851
1857
1845
1853
1852
1854
1835
1809
1854
1853
1854
1831
1843
1803
1833
1804
1850
1845
1855
1858
1846
1867
1850
i&37
1835
Catholic
State Institution. . .
Baptist
Congregational
Reformed
Presbyterian
Methodist
Presbyterian
Episcopal
Baptist
137 University of the Slate of Mo
138 Mt. Pleasant College*
139J Dartmouth College . .. Hanovr.r
N II
140 Rutgers College
New Brunswick
Princeton
...NVJ..
141 College of New Jersey
I!-)1 Bordentown Female College.
Bordentown
u
143 Glenwood Collegiate Institute
144 Burlington College*
145 University of Rochester.
Matawan
Burlington
... "
Rochester
...N. Y.
140 Brooklyn Coll. and Polyt'nic Inst..
147 Genesee College . . . %
148 Female Collegiate Institute
Brooklyn
Lima
Methodist Epis....
Fort Plain
• • • t
149! Columbia College
New York City
Episcopal
Presbyterian
Presbyterian
150 Union College
Schenectady
t
151 Hamilton Collcfe
Clinton
Brooklyn
152 Packer Collegiate Institute
153 Hobart College
Geneva
t
Episcopal
154 College of the City of New York.
155 Madison University
150 'St. John's College
New York City
Hamilton
Fordham
••' !
city.. ...v.v.v.::::
Baptist
Catholic
157 St. Joseph's College
Buffalo
Elmira
Catholic
Presbyterian
Lutheran
158 Elmira Female College.
159 'Martin Luther College*
Buffalo
Canton .
• • • t
100 St. Lawrence University .
Universalist
Baptist
161 'Alfred University
Alfred
t
102 Ingham Uni'sity for Young Ladies
103 St. Stephen's College
Le Roy
t
Presbyterian
Episcopal
Catholic
Annandale
i
104 College of St. Francis Xavier
105 Manhattan College
New York City
New York City.
• • • t
Catholic
1 00 Cornell University
107 University of the City of N. Y... .
108 Rut<rers Female College
Ithaca
t
State
New York City
New York City
Poughkeepsie
Suspension Bridge. .
Mount Pleasant
••• I
Baptist' .' .' .' .' '.'.'.'. '. '. '. '.
Episcopal
109 Vassar College
1 70 '• De Veaux College
171 1 North Carolina College
Lutheran
Baptist
Presbyterian
State institution...
Congregational
Catholic
1721 Wake Forest College
Raleigh, Wake Co....
t
173:Davidson College
(P. O.) Davidson Col
Chapel Hill
*
174; University of North Carolina
175 Oberlin College
Oberlin
Ohio
170 St. Xavier College
Cincinnati
Athens
177 Ohio University
State Institution...
Episcopal
Catholic
178iKenyon College
179 Mount St. Mary's of the West....
180 Otterbein University
Gambier, Knox Co. .
Near Cincinnati
• • • u
Westerville
u
U'tedBre. in Christ.
Evan'ical Lutheran.
Methodist Epis
Swedenborgian
Unitarian
Congre. and Presby.
State
Old School Presby..
New School Presby.
181 i Wittenberg College
182 Ohio Wesleyan Female College. . .
183 Urbana University.
Springfield
Delaware
u
Urbana
tt
184 Antioch College
Yellow Springs
It
185 Marietta College
Marietta
(1
180 Miami University
Oxford
u
187 Oxford Female College
188 Western Female Seminary
189 Glendale Female College*
Oxford
Oxford, Butler Co...
Glendale
Granville . . .
..." '
190 Denison University
Baptist
191 Ohio Wesleyan University
192 Wilberforce University. ..
Delaware
Methodist Epis
Methodist
Near Xenia
Granville
Berea
::: *
193 Granville Female College
Presbyterian
Methodist
194 German Wallace College
195 Xenia College
190 Springfield Female College
197 Hillsborough Female College
198 Mount Union College
199 Farmers' College . .
Xenia
t
Methodist
Springfield
Hillsborough.
• • • t
Methodist
Methodist.
Mount Union.
t
Methodist
College Hill
. . . *
200 Harlem Springs College
Harlem Springs. ..
Tiffin.... ...... .
201 Heidelberg College
202 Muskin^um College
New Concord
Richmond
••• '
203 iRichmoud College
* These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent.
COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS.
COLLEGES, ETC.
201
No. President.
.. *
fc 5
•s
; 1 Number
2: of Students.
||
*J
ll
*E
Number of
Volumes
in Libraries.
An'al expense
to each Stu
dent for Tui
tion.
Time of Commencement.
136 Rev. J. Alizeri
137 Daniel Head LL D . .
"8
200
4,000
$40
Last Wed. in June.
1381
139 A. D. Smith. D.D., LL.D
140 Wm. H. Campbell, D.D., LL.D.
141 James McCosh D D
21
12
19
10
10
294
131
264
120
185
3,527
946
4,2(50
83
42
875
327
870
37,967
5.000
24,000
1,000
600
60
60
70
'"36"
L'stTh. buti in Jul.
N'xttol'tWed. Jun.
Last Wed. in June.
3d Wed. in July.
1st Wed. in July.
142 Rev. J. II. Brakely, A.M
143 A B Dayton M D
144
145 M. B. Anderson. LL.D
146 David H. Cochrane, Ph.D
147 John W. Lindsay. D.D
148 Rev. B. I. Diefendorf, A.M. . . .
149!F. A. P.Barnard, D.D., LL.D.
150 L. P.Hickok.D.D.,LL.D
151 Samuel G. Brown, D.D
152J A. Crittenden, Ph.D
158 W.D.Wilson, D.D.. ^act.)....
154 Horace Webster. LL.D
155J George W. Eaton
9
25
5
6
14
12
12
32
6
29
10
20
12
10
"5"
12
15
6
30
86
28
24
19
35
4
3
5
6
9
20
16
6
12
21
5
5
11
11
7
6
10
14
10
8
10
4
10
4
9
18
7
13
4
4
5
3
2
106
550
82
iii
125
181
751
68
770
157
240
180
108
371
"lS2
7.645
3,000
3,700
150
15.600
16,000
18,000
2d Mon. in June.
2d"Thurs."in July."
125
25-50.
24
100
75
60
40-100
45
100
30
a 325
a 200
a 300
3.405
6,005
1,178
238
'328
Last WTed. in June.
WTed. before July 4.
3d Thurs. in June.
3d week in July.
2dThur. after July 4.
1st Thurs. in July.
1st Wed. in Aug.
July 1st.
Last Thur. in June.
376
484
555
234
"iao
72
30
500
61
'"6
13,000
15,000
8,000
12,500
2,000
2,000
156 Rev. Joseph Shea
157 Bro. Francis
158 A. W. Cowles, D.D
159
160 Rev. J. S. Lee, A.M
25
200
200
50
475
597
'425
210
339
37
50
85
•53
105
1136
300
130
159
85
175
190
310
121
200
56
147
164
190
120
190
440
77
120
85
175
111
100
459
45
'l78
158
59
10
200
400
19
100
'"6
7
30
6,666 ai75-225
5,000 i 30
2,000 :a240-340
2,000; Free.
15,000! 60
0,000 a 300
20,000 alS4-313
Wed. before July 4.
1st Wed. in July.
3d Wed. in June.
2d Thurs. in July.
1st week in July.
1st Wed. in July.
161 Rev J Allen
162 IS. D. Burchard. D.D
163' R B Fairbairn D D
164 Rev. J. Loyzance
165 Bro. Patrick
166 Andrew D. White, LL.D
167 Isaac Ferris, D.D., LL.D
168 Henry M. Pierce, LL.D
169 J. H . Raymond, LL.D
432
29
32
'"o
9
4,666
5,720
1,206
1.000
200
100
a 300
1st Thurs. in June.
We. Ft full w'k Jun.
Th.nea'sttoMayl2.
170 M. Van Renselaer, D.D
171 Rev. C. F. Bansenier
172 W M WiiK'ate D D.
116
36
8,000
3,000
20,000
11,000
12.000
5,000
16,116
10,000
60-70
45
100
9
60
a250-300
42
2d Thurs. in June.
3d Thurs. in July.
1st Thurs. in June.
Aug. 4th and 5th.
Last week in June.
June 25th.
4th Thurs. in June.
4th Wed. in June.
1st Wed. in June.
Last Mon. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
3d Fri. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
1st Wed. in July.
173G.W.McPhail,D.D
174 Hon David L. Swain, LL.D
175 J. H. Fail-child, D.D
1,754
1,188
"240
375
20
63
125
172
22
"294
821
106
120
91
130
308
0
300
10
111
175
81
113
122
100
180
"80
105
176 Rev. W. H. Hill
177! S.Howard, D.D. , LL.D
178!Rev. Jas. Kent Stone, A.M....
179 Francis J.Pabisch, D.D. , LL.D.
ISOlRev. L.Davis
181 S Sprecher D D
8
4.000
7,000
24
30
75
'"so"
30
182 Park S. Donelson, D.D
183 Rev. Chauucey Giles
3
'il2
::::
70
83
0
""7
"39
4.500
4,700
22,012
8,000
2,000
1.050
2,000
10.500
8,515
4,000
3,000
400
425
2,500
300
2,500
184 Geo. W. Hosmer, D.D
1851 Israel W. Andrews, D.D
186 R. L. Stanton, D.D
187 Rev. Robert D. Morris
a 250
a 160
46
25-34
30
18
30
12.50-27
86
24-30
25-4(1
30
15
40
21
34"
3d Wed. in June.
3d Thurs. in June.
188 Helen Peabody
189 L. D. Potter, A.M.
190 S. Talbot, D.D
191 Rev. Frederick Merrick
192 D. A. Payne. D.D
Last Thur. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
3d Tues. in Aug.
3d week in June.
3d Thurs. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
4th week in June.
193 W. P. Kerr, A M
194 William Nast, D.D
195 'William Smith, A.M
19(>iRev. James H. Herron. A.M. .
1971 Rev. David Copeland. A.M...
198 O. N. Hartshorn, LL.D
199 Charles D. Curtiss..
200 R. H. Howey, B.S
Last Mon. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
Last Fri. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
201 G. W. Willard, D.D
202 David Paul, A.M
50
63
300
203 L. W. Ong, A.B
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS — MALE AND FEMALE.
204
205
KM
207
2n,s
2d! i
210
211
212
2l:J
211
215
210
217
2l«
21!*
2-20
221
2-2-2
2-,':!
2-24
225
2-JO
227
2--2S
2-'!»
X':;o
y.'il
2-'>2
2:>!
2:U
2-T)
2:50
2:!7
2.".s
3 ;;>
210
241
242
21:)
241
2-15
210
217
2!s
y-H)
250
251
252
25:;
25 1
25 ->
250
257
25r>
25! »
20(1
26!
2112
20:;
201
205
201
207
20s
20!)
27!
87]
Name.
Location.
'1
Denomination.
Cleveland Female College
mpYplanrl Ohio
1854
1849
1846
1826
1853
1858
1850
1858
1846
1847
1783
1853
1832
1815
1819
1833
1802
1859
1848
1866
1852
1861
1854
1856
1867
1852
1855
1850
1860
1854
1866
1755
1764
1859
1787
1801
1851
1842
1807
1844
1833
1819
1806
1844
1858
1848
1865
1868
1867
1857
1845
1861
is25
1797
iS63
1832
1844
1853
1838
1776
1782
1839
1825
1693
Ohio Female College ° College Hill "
Methodist
Presbyterian
Methodist
Baldwin Uiiiversitv . iBerea "
Western Reserve College
Hudson "
Willamette University
Sublimity College
Salem Ore..
Jnited Brethren....
Baptist
Oregon College*
Oregon City " '
Selinsgrove, Snyder Co.Penn.
Westmoreland Co "
Missionary Institute
Svan'ical Lutheran.
Catholic
Baptist . . .
St. Vincent's College
University at Lewisburg
Lewisburg, Union Co. . . "
Carlisle . "
Dickinson College
Franklin and Marshall College —
Pennsylvania College
Methodist Epis
German Reformed.,
jutheran
Methodist.
Lancaster . "
Gettysburg "
Meadville . "
W'estern University of Penn
Haverford College
Pittsburgh "
West Haverford "
Canonsb'gandWash'ton "
Selinsgrove "
Society of Friends.,
r'resbyterian
Am. Evan'can Luth.
Episcopal
Catholic
Presbyterian.
Washington and Jefferson Col
Susquehanna Female College
Girard College for Orphans.
Philadelphia "
South Bethlehem "
Philadelphia "
Lehigh University
St. Josephs College
Pennsylvania Military Academy. .
Lincoln University
Irving Female College
Muhlenburg College
Chester "
Oxford "
Irvington Mechanicsb'g "
Allen town, Lehigh Co . . "
New Wilmington "
Methodist
Lutheran
IT'ted Presbyterian.
Methodist
Westminster College
Pittsburgh Female College
Pittsburgh . "
Waynesbur"- College
Waynesburg "
Cumb. Presby'rian.
Episcopal . .
\ndalusia College
Andalusia . .. "
Agricultural College of Penn*
Lebanon Valley College*
Centre Co "
Armville "
[Jnited Brethren...
Presbyterian . .
Lafayette College*
Easton . "
University of Pennsylvania*
Brown University
Philadelphia "
Providence R. I..
Newberry . S. C. .
Baptist
Lutheran
College of Charleston
University of South Carolina
Charleston . "
Columbia "
Greenville . . "
State Institution...
Baptist
Cumberland University
East Tennessee University
Lebanon, Wilson Co. . . Tenn.
Knoxville "
Near Nashville ... "
Presbyterian ....
Franklin College
Christian
Columbia "
Maryville College.
Maryville "
Presbyterian (N.S.)
Presbyterian
Presbyterian
Nashville "
Greenville . "
Union University
Murfreesboro' "
Jonesboro' . "
Baptist ,
Alethodist
Jonesboro' Female College
Sewanee College .
Winchester "
Episcopal
Methodist
East Tenn. Wesleyan University.
Colorado College
Athens "
Columbus . . Tex.
Lutheran
Baptist
Independence "
Waco "
Baptist
St Mary's College
Galveston "
Fairfax . Vt..
Catholic
New Hampton Institution
Baptist
Middlebury College
State Univ. and Agricult'l College
Ripley Female College
Randolph Macon College
Middlebury "
Congregational. . .
State
Burlington "
Poultney "
Boydton . Va
Methodist Epis
Baptist
Richmond "
JRoanoke College
Salem, Roanoke Co "
Washington Co "
Prince Edward Co "
Lexington "
Lexington "
Lutheran
Methodist Epis
Presbyterian
i Emory and Henry College
! Hampden Sidney College
i Washington College
Virginia Military Institute
University of Virginia
State institution. . .
Episcopal
Near Charlottesville. ... "
Williamsburg ... "
College of William and Mary
State College
1 These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent.
I860.]
COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS.
COLLEGES, ETC.
203
No.
Presidents.
I »
II
-8
ll
"s
Number
of Alumni.
Number
of Clergymen.
U!
Au'al expens*
to each Stu
dent for Tui
tion.
Time of Commencement.
204
205
2oi>
207
2ite
20!)
210
211
2U
213
214
215
21(
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
2-21,
221
228
y«i
23'J
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
24(5
247
248
249
25U
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
2(51
262
;>:;:!
26-1
265
266
261
20S
269
270
271
S. N. Sanforcl, A.M
16
17
6
8
6
2
151
141
121
132
278
75
43
160
50
"'su
500
2,000
1,000
10,000
1,000
$48
50
21
30
45
16-32
John Wheeler D 1)
1st Fri. in June.
1st WTed. in July.
4thThurs. in July..
I H L Hitchcock D D
L. T. Woodward, A.M
George C Chandler D D
Rev. P. Born
Rev. Alphonse Heimler, O.S.B.
Rev. J. li. Loomis, LL.D
5
15
6
6
7
8
7
11
4
12
5
17
10
5
10
9
6
10
10
22
10
10
130
155
60
130
102
198
134
245
47
155
100
497
60
110
100
114
60
161
254
347
200
80
45
20
145
1,045
414
421
400
219
157
3,026
11
54*
i',647
40
75
257
184
220
'"i
i
"56
2,000
12,000
3,500
25,500
10,000
17,000
10,000
2.200
6,330
17,000
500
5,000
6,666
1,000
1,300
1,000
1,800
1,500
600
1,000
250
30
a 185
36
40
39
39
a 350
1st Wed. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
Last Thur. in July.
Last Thur. in June.
2d Thurs. in July.
2d Thurs. in Aug.
Last Thur. in June.
Last week in June.
2d Wed. in July.
1st Thurs. in Aug.
June.
J. W. Nevin. D.D
Milton Valentine, D.D
George Loomis
George Woods, LL.D
Samuel J. Gammcre, A.M
Jonathan Edwards, D.D
S.. Domer, A.M
a 375
24
18-30
Free.
90
40-60
100
30
50
20-40
25
50
10
a 300
Wm. H. Allen LL D.
Henry Coppee, LL.D. . .
P. A. Jordan. .
Last Thur. in June.
Last week in June.
Last Tues. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
2d Thurs. in Sept.
June.
Col. Theodore Hyatt. . .
Rev. J. N. Randall
Rev. T. P. E"-e, A.M
"i69
4
254
110
200
23
10
"si
'"4
F. A. Muhlenburg D D
Robt. A. Browne, D.D
I. C. Pershing, D.D.
A. B. Miller...
Rev. H. T. Wells, LL.D
Rev. T. R. Vickroy, A.M
2
141
300
49
3d week in June.
Daniel R. Goodwin, D.D...
13
12
3
6
12
110
200
54
46
115
105
50
a 200
40
75
Last Thur. in June.
1st Wed. in Sept.
Oct. 1st.
Alexis Caswel D D
2,332
595
38,000
Rev. J. P. Smcltzer
N. R. Middleton.
R. W. Barnwell, LL.D
1,744
25,000
Last Mon. in June.
James C Funnan D D
B. W. McDonnold
14
5
1
300
121
25
300
ias
1,250
45
15
5,000
900
30-35
30
a 250
Last Thur. in June.
4th Wed. in June.
1st Thurs. in June.
Rev. Thomas W. Humes
A. J. Fanning
Rev. T. J. Lamar
3
62
130
500
100-160
24-34
36
Last Thur. in June.
Rev. W. S. Doak, A.M
4
"s
3
2
4
3
12
9
95
"i^o
60
120
86
60
245
4,200
2d Thurs. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
2d Thurs. in June.
2d week in June,
'd week in June.
1st Mon. in Sept.
2cl Wed. in June.
3d week in June.
Rev. Dr. C Collins
"ieo
'"6
"52
'"6
Rev. D. II. Selph, A.M
Henderson Presnell, A.M
Rev. H. H. Sneed
1,000
50
i',666
i',5oo
650
3,666
11,000
15,000
3,000
10,000
4,500
7,000
4,000
9,000
6,000
2,000
35,000
4,500
50
'"66"
25-50
20-50
25-27
50
Nelson E. Cobleigh, D.D
Rev. J. J. Schever
'"76
15
"is
6
Wm. Carey Crane, D.D
Rums C. Burleson, D.D
Rev. S. M. Whiting, A.M. . .
H. D. Kitchel
lames B. Angell, A.M
J. Newman, D D
4
7
16
11
5
5
8
6
5
20
23
15
7
80
65
114
120
65
120
182
178
70
410
280
475
63
184
30
27
45 & b'rd.
a 275
75
60-80
52
60
50
60-80
100
75
45
2d Thurs. in July.
2d Thurs. in Aug.
1st Thurs. in Aug.
3d Wed. in July.
Last Thur. in June.
Last Tues. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
1st Tues. in June.
3d Thurs. in June.
3d Thurs. in June.
July 4th.
1st Thurs. in July.
July 4th.
3d week in June.
1,200
774
"266
75
42
90
750
249
'so
35
20
Thos. C. Johnson, A.M
T. G. Jones...
Rev. D. F. Bittle.
E. E. Wiley, D.D
J. M.P.Atkinson, D.D... .
Gen. R. E. Lee
' '533
188
'l7
Francis II. Smith, A.M
S. Manpin, A.M
Benj. S. Ewell
Martin
204 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS — MALE AND FEMALE.
No. Name.
Location.
i!
0
Denomination.
272 Allegheny College*
Blue Sulphur Springs.
Bethany, Brooke Co". . .
Appleton
Milton Rock Co
Va. ..
TV . V.
Wis..
1854
1841
1847
1844
1863
1847
1849
1848
1839
1856
1852
1846
1854
1861
Baptist
273 Bethany College
274 Lawrence University
Disciples of Christ.
Methodist
Seventh Day Bap. .
Cong'al and Presby.
275 Milton College
276 Wisconsin Female College Fox Lake
277 Beloit College i Beloit
278 Milwaukee Female College
279 University of Wisconsin
Milwaukee
Madison
State Institution...
Methodist
Catholic
280 Galesville University
Galesville
St Francis
281iSalcsianum Seminary
282 Racine College
283! Carroll College
Racine
Episcopal
Presbyterian, (O.S.)
Baptist
Waukesha
284 Wayland University*
285 Ripon College*
Beaver Dam
Ripon
II. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES.
No. Name.
Location.
»J
*1
Denomination.
1 Theol. Department Howard Col.*
2 Theol Inst of Conn
Marion
Hartford
Ala...
Conn.
Ga...
1841
1834
1857
1823
1833
1867
1858
1856
18-16
1857
1859
1839
1832
1861
1857
1861
1859
1820
1853
1840
1857
1865
1820
1791
i847
1826
1814
1867
1808
1867
1834
1844
1840
1842
1847
1785
1812
1867
Baptist
Congregational
Episcopal
3 'Berkeley Divinity School
4 Theol. Dep't of Yale College
5 i Theol. Dep't Mercer University*.
6 The Baptist Theol. Seminary
7 i Chicago Theological Seminary....
8 Garrett Biblical Institute
Middletown
New Haven
Congregational. . .
Baptist
Penfield
Chicago
Ill
Baptist
Congregational.. .
Methodist Epis. .
Roman Catholic. .
Presbyterian (N. S.)
Presbyterian (O. S.)
United Presby'an..
Baptist
Roman Catholic
Evang'cal Luth'ran.
Evang'cal Luth'ran.
Protestant Epis
Roman Catholic
Presbyterian (O. S.)
Baptist
Chicago
Evans ton
Iowa .
Ivy...
La....
9!St. Mary's of the Lake
Chicago
Carlinville
10 'Blackburn Theol Seminary
11 Theol Sem of the Northwest
Chicago
IS United Presbyterian Theol. Semi
nary of the Northwest
Monmouth
13 Theol. Dep't of Shurtleff Col
14i St. Joseph's Ecclesiastical Col. . .
15 Wartbur0' Seminary
Upper Alton
Tcntopolis,Effing'm Co
Clavton Co
16 Norwegian Lutheran College
17 Theol. Dep't of Griswold Col
18 Preparatory Ecclesiastical Sern.. .
19 Danville Theol. Seminary
Decorah
Davenport
Near Bardstown
Danville
Georgetown
20] Western Baptist Theol. Inst.*....
21 Diocesan Theological Seminary* .
22 Theol. Dep't Mt. Lebanon Univ.*
23, Thomson Biblical Institute*
24 Theological Seminary
Shelbyville
Episcopal. ..
Baptist
Methodist
Mt. Lebanon ... .
New Orleans
Me
Bano-nr
Congregational
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic
Methodist Epis....
Baptist
25! Theol. Sem. of St. Sulpice* Baltimore ....
.Mel..
26 Mt. St. Mary's Theol. Sem.*
27: St. Mary's Seminary
28 Boston Theol Seminary
Near Emmetsburg
Annapolis
Mass .
Mich.
Mo...
N.H.
N. J..
Boston
29 Newton Theol. Institution
30 Divinity Col., Harvard Univ
31 Prot. Epis. Theol. School of Mass.
32 Andover Theol Seminary
Newton Centre
Cambridge
Cambridge
Andover
Unitarian
Protestant Epis
Congregational
Unitarian
33 Boston School for the Ministry.. .
34 Theol. Dep't of Kalamazoo Col.. .
35 St. Vincent's College
36 Concordia Seminary
Boston
Kalamazoo
Baptist
Roman Catholic
Ger. Evan'cal Luth.
Free Baptist
Methodist
Reform'd Dutch Ch.
Presbyterian
Cape Girardeau
St. Louis
37 New Hampton Theol. School
38 Methodist General Biblical Inst.*
39 Theol. Seminary of Reformed Ch.
40 Theological Seminary
New Hampton
Concord..
New Brunswick
Princeton
Madison
41 Drew Theological Seminary
Methodist
' These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent.
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES.
COLLEGES, ETC.
205
272
•J7.-5
274
•>i:>
276
277
27*
279
-,>>()
2*1
282
283
•>S4
rfs-,
Presidents.
1 Number
1 of Instructors.
ii
fc <"
•s
II
l!
•s , i
ill
m
An'al expense
to each Stu
dent for Tui
tion.
Time of Commencement.
W. K. Pendlcton
Geo M Steele D D
9
8
q
94
270
355
85
72
109
9
5
2.000
6,000
1?
21-27
a 150
30
40-00
18
18-30
a 150
a 400
40
3d Thurs. in June.
3d Wed. in June.
1st Wed. in July.
William C Whittord
Aaron L Chapman
6
12
15
4
12
20
8
•y
90
64
150
375
105
154
190
148
"66
11
125
50
92
9
'"si
36
""3
124
19
6,000
600
3,000
4.500
5,800
2.000
1,000
2d Wed. in July.
Last Thur. in June.
Last Wed. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
Miss Mary Mortimer
P. A. Chadbourne
Harrison Gilliland
Jos. Salzmann, D.D
James DeKoven, D.D
Walter L Rankin A M
Last Fri. in June.
A. S. Hutcheiirf
Rev. Wm. E. Meniman, A.M.
25
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES.
No. President or Senior Professor.
C
II
K *<
•s
Number
of Students.
1 '
!_
i
1 *
•< |
•3
Number of
iu Library.
Estimated An'al
expense of
each Student.
Time of Commencement.
1 J L M Curry, LL D.
2 William Thomson, D.D
3 John Williams, D.D
4 Theo D Woolsev D D LL D.
.i
8
"3
3
4
5
3
4
4
10
6
3
5
3
3
4
25
24
32
"20
46
105
40
"23
14
233
99
25
73
9
50
13
290
122 $40,000
1 .
7,000
$80
Last Thur. in June.
1st week in June.
3d Thurs. in May.
5'H. H. Tucker, D.D
6 G. W. Northrup, D.D
20
' '430
'"47
178
1,600
428
42
212
6
"isi
60,000
' sob',666
16,666
6,000
75,000
1,000
4,000
3,000
10,000
700
8,000
2,000
5,000
700
1,045
1,000
5.000
2.500
8,000
150
'iso
250
200
150
250
180
'"ioo
250
200
Last Thur. in April.
Last Thurs. in Oct.
1st Tues. in Sept.
2d Thurs. in June.
1st Thurs. in April.
4th Thur. in March.
2d Thurs. in June.
8 D. P. Kidder, D.D
9 L. J McGovern, D.D
10 Rev. John W. Bailcv
11 Willis Lord, D.D., (Sen. Prof.)
12 Alexander Young, D.D
13 Rev. D Read, LL.D
14 Rev. P. Mauritius Klosterman.
15 Sigmund Fritschel
16 Lawrence Larsen
17 II. W. Loe. D.D., LL.D
3,400
30,666
' 218,666
1st of Sept.
3d week in June.
Last Tues. in June.
31st of Oct.
2d Thurs. in Juiie.
18 Rev. Francis Chambige
19 R J Breckinridfe
20
21'
22 i
"4"
4
"13
60
23 : John P. Newman, D.D
24 Enoch Pond, D.D..
' '590
' ibb',666
ii',500
" ' '170
Last Thurs. in July.
25 J P Dubronl D D
26 Rev. John McCaffrey
27 Rev. T. Anwander
.33
32
51
23
"115
23
140
150
...
28 Wm. F. Warren, D.D., (act.). .
29 H.B. Hackett, D.D
30 George R. Noves, D.D
31 John S. Stone, D.D.. (Dean)..
32 Rev. Edwards A. Parks
33 Rev. Gco. H. Hepworth
\
4
4
5
12
6
10
580
579
381
2,49i
4
8,666
225,666
135.000
198,000
200,000
' ibb',666
4.000
1,200
16,000
30.666
500
3.000
7.000
5.000
2,000
8,500
10 (KM)
140
200
400-600
a50
156
400
200
400
'"266
2d Wed. in June.
Last \Vcd. in June..
Mo.b'rel'tWed.Jun.
Last Wed. in June.
1st Thurs. in Aug.
34 Silas Bailev, D.D
2d Wed. in June.
1st Mo. in Sept.
1st of Sept.
2d week in July.
35 Rev. J. Alizeri
36 Rev. C. P. W. Walther
37 'John Pullonton, D.D
88'Osman C. Baker, D.D
39 S. M. Woodbridge, D.D..
40'Cha». Hod-re, D.D.. LL.D
41 : John McCiintock. D.D., LL.D.
3
3
3
4
5
5
120
15
55
27
115
50
' '240
50.666
20.000
130000
2,778
50
20.100! 175 Last Wed. in April.
10.0001
500,666
* None except for board.
206
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES.
[1869.
No.
Name.
Location.
Date of
Organization.
Denomination.
42
43
44
45
46
4?
48
49
60
51
52
68
54
66
5(1
57
68
5!)
66
fil
62
68
64
65
66
or
68
69
70
71
iza
73
74
7.")
78
77
7>s
TO
80
SI
82
Sem. of Our Lady of Angels
Provincial Seminary
St. Lawrence Theol. School
Suspension Bridge.
Troy
....N. Y..
1857
1804
1858
1830
1817
1820
1810
1801
1850
1845
1805
1826
1851
1800
1829
1844
1794
1846
1827
1858
1855
1825
1862
1835
1855
1825
1844
1838
1865
1831
1859
1859
1866
isoi
1825
1860
1823
1824
1847
185(5
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic
Universalist
Canton
ii
Union Theol Seminary
New York City
n
General Theol. Seminary „
Hamilton Theol. Seminary
New York City
u
Episcopal . . ,
Baptist
Lutheran
Hamilton
u
Hartwick Theol. Seminary
Hartwick
u
DeLancy Divinity School
Rochester Theol Seminary*
Geneva •
Rochester
• ••• u
Episcopal
Baptist
Evan'cal Lutheran.
Congregational
Protestant Epis
Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic
Presbyterian
Methodist
Wittenberg College
Oberlin College
Theol. Sem. oi the Diocese of Ohio.
Mt. St. Mary's of the West
St. Carolus Barromeo
Springfield
Oberlin
....Ohio..
Gambler
i
Near Cincinnati . . .
i
Carthafena
i
Lane Theol. Seminary
Walnut Hills.......
Delaware.
. . . . ^
Ohio Wesleyan University*
Theological Seminary*
Xenia
u
United Presby'an . .
Roman Catholic
Presbyterian (O.S.)
Evan'cal Lutheran.
Roman Catholic
Evan'cal Lutheran.
Protestant Epis
Reformed Church. .
Baptist
Presbyterian
Unitarian
St Vincent's College
Westmoreland Co..
Allegheny City
Selihsgrove
Near Pittsburgh
Gettysburg
. . .Penn.
it
Western Theol. Seminary
Missionary Institute
St. Michael's Theol. Seminary.. . .
Theol. Sem. of Ev. Luth. Ch
Divinity School of Epis. Church..
Mercersburg Theol. Seminary
Theol. Dep't of Univ. atLewisb'g.
Theological Seminary
Philadelphia
Merccrsburg
Lewisburg
Allegheny City
Meadville .
:: : «
Meadville Theol. School
Seminary of St.Chas. Borromeo. . .
Theol. Dep't of Lincoln Univ
Theol. Sem. at Columbia
Philadelphia . . ,
i
Roman Catholic. . . .
Presbyterian
Oxford
t
Columbia
s c
Presbyterian
Seminary of Ev. Lutheran Gen.
Syn. in N. A
Southern Baptist Theol. Sem
Baker Theol. Institute
Newberry
Evan'cal Lutheran.
Baptist
Methodist.
Greenville
Charleston.
• • • • it
Diocesan Theol. Seminary*. .. .
Theol. Dep't of Baylor Univ... .
New Hampton Theol. Seminary .
Vermont Episcopal Institute. . .
Theol. Sem. of Prot. Epis. Ch. .
Union Theol. Seminary
Spartanburgh
Independence
Fairfax
...Tex..
Vt
Episcopal
Baptist
Baptist
Burlington . . .
Fairfax Co.
'.Va
Episcopal
Protestant Epis
Presbyterian
Protestant Epis
Roman Catholic —
Hampden Sidney "
Nashotah Lake Summit. Wis. .
Noiosbin<r "
Nashotah House.
Ecclesiastical Seminary *
III. MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS.
,
-
1
No.
Name.
Location.
ij
J*
raduation
O
1
2
4
Toland Medical College
San Francisco . Cal
1864
1813
1850
1825
$5
5
6
5
$40
25
30
30
Medical Department of Yale College. . .
Medical Dep't of Georgetown Col
National Medical College ....
New Haven Conn.
Washington D. C..
Washington. "
5
Atlanta Medical College
Atlanta Ga
1855
5
25
(i
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta . ., . "
5
30
7
8
9
1(1
Chicago Medical College . .
Chicago 111.
1859
1842
1849
1837
5
"*5
5
20
'"36"
25
Rush Medical College
Medical Department Iowa University. . .
Medical Dep't of Univ. of Louisville... .
Chicago "
Keokuk Iowa
Louisville Ky. . .
11
Medical School of Maine
Brunswick Me
1820
5
20
12
Medical Dep't of Wa^hin^ton Univ
Baltimore Md
1807
5
20
18
Baltimore Col. of Dental Surgery
Baltimore "
1839
5
30
11
Univ of Maryland Medical School
Baltimore.. "
1807
5
20
15
Medical School of Harvard University. . Boston Mass .
1783
5
30
' These Seminaries did not respond to the circular sent.
MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS.
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES.
207
No. President or Senior Professor.
Number
of Professors.
Number
of Students.
Whole number
Educated.
^
1 ^
^ w
"3
jir
m
1||
in
fl
Time of Commencement.
42 Rev. Robert W. Rice. . . .
15
\
5
5
4
210
130
31
139
75
15
500
4,000
250
Last Wed. in June.
43 Rev. Lewis J. Vandenhende . .
44 E. Fisher, D.D
45^Thos. H. Skinner, D.D
52
777
668
829
$60.666
300,000
200,000
180,000
6,000
27.000
13.900
9,000
$200
250
450
129
150
1st Thurs. in July.
Mo.bTe2Th.in May.
Last Fri. in June.
1st Wed. in Aug.
46: Samuel Seabury D D
47 Rev. G. W. Eaton, LL.D
48 Dr. WTm. N. Scholl
49' James Rankine, D.D
50 E. G. Robinson, D.D
51 S. Sprccher, D.D.. ..
"4"
5
3
18
2
'io'
'is'
5
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
8
6
5
5
2
4
4
3
9
11
9
85
20
30
189
'l55
70
"eo
26
36
17
8
36
29
67
14
23
3
31
26
89
240
140
150
150-225
400
225
Free.
150
Last Thur. in June.
1st Wed. in Aug.
Last Thur. in June.
Last Thur. in June.
52! J. H. Fairchild, D.D
160,000
75,000
10,000
7,000
10,000
1,400
15.000
7,850
53: Bishop Mcllvaine, D.D
54 ; Francis J.Pabisch, D.D.,LL.D.
55 Henry Drees .
"566
' 150,666
200,000
66 !
57 Frederick Merrick, D.D
2d Thurs. in May.
58
59 Rev. Alphonse Heimler
60 David Elliott, D.D
12,000
' 2,666
185
200
1st Mon. in Sept.
Wed.b'e4Tu.inAp.
1st Wed. in June.
935
40
"466
54
184,800
61 H. Zeigler, D.D
62 Rev. S. Wall
' ibb',666
4,000
12.000
6,000
8,000
250
150
400-500
130
*42
65
250
300
63 J A Brown D D
4th Thurs. in June.
3d Wed. June.
May.
Last Thur. in July.
1st Tues. in Sept.
3d Thurs. in June.
1st Mon. in Sept.
3d Wed. in June.
2d week in May.
64 R. Bethel Claxton, D.D
65 E. E. Hi^bee
60,000
6(5 Rev. Justin R. Loomis, LL.D.
67 John T. Pressly, D.D
426
150
2,000
9,000
10,000
68 Rev. A. A Livermore
130,000
69 James O'Conner. D.D
70 Rev. I. N. Rendall . .
71 George Howe, D.D
363
111,000
29,000
10,000
18,000
4,000
5,000
300
150
150
100
125
72 Rev. J. P. Smeltzer
73 James P. Boyce, D.D. . .
74 Rev. T. W. Lewis, A.M
Last Mon. in April.
3d Wed. in June.
75 Rev. J. S. Mankel
76 W. Carey Crane, D.D
1
2
5
3
4
4
10
6
10
56
50
25
44
70
200
3.000
1,800
9,000
5,600
4,000
ioo
150-250
550
200
250-300
2d Thurs. in June.
2d Thurs. in July.
2cl Mon. in Aug.
Last Thur. in June.
2d Tues. in May.
June 29th.
77 Rev. S. M. Whiting, A.M
78 Wm. II. A. Bissell, D.D
79 W. Sparrow, D.D
"231
426
350
106
8,000
80 Samuel B. Wilson, D D
160,000
81 A. D. Cole, D.D
82 Rev. M. Heiss
MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS.
No.
1
§
8
4
6
6
7
8
g
10
11
12
18
11
President or Dean.
Number
of Professors.
Number of
Students 18G7-C8
i!
i«
%
Cost of Lecture
Tickets.
ii!
Commencement of Lecture
Course.
H. H. Toland, M.D...
Charles A. Lindsley. M.D., (Dean)..
Johnson Eliot, M.D., (Dean)
John C. Riley, M.D., (Dean)
8
10
11
9
8
8
10
19
24
110
35
58
97
113
6
'"4(V
8
18
25
50
$130
102.50
135
135
120
105
50
"'566
4,000
1,000
July.
2d Thurs. in Sept.
Oct. 1st.
Oct. 1st.
1st Mon. in May.
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Oct.
J. G. Westmoreland. M.D., (Dean).
L. A. Dugas, M.D., (Dean). . .
N. S. Davis, M.D
J. C. Hughes, M.D., (Dean)
Prof. J. M. Bodine, (Dean)
7
8
7
9
9
8
13
120
143
100
147
69
170
386
30
46
"'55'
27
as
81
40
120
70
120
165
120
121
.. Nov. 1st.
4,000 2d Mon. in Oct.
3,550 N'xt to TstTh.m Feb.
llstTues. in Oct.
j Oct. 15th.
; 1st week in Oct.
3,000 Nov. 4th.
C. F. Brackett, M.D., (Dean)
Edward Warren, M.D., (Dean)
F. J. S. Gorgas, M.D., (Dean)
Geo. W. Miltcnberger, M.D., (Dean)
Geo. C. Shattuck, M.D., (Dean)
* Tuition and Room.
208
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809
MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS.
No. Name.
Location.
IM .2
If
o
I
IS
'C ^
H
Graduation Fee.
16 Berkshire Medical College
17 Harvard Dental School*
Pittsfield Mass .
Boston "
1823
1868
1848
1850
1842
1858
1796
$5
5
3
10-25
5
5
5
$20
30
20
3
20
30
20
18 New England Female Medical Col
Boston "
19 Medical Dep't Univ. of Michigan
Ann Arbor Mich..
St Louis . Mo
20 St. Louis Medical College. .
21 Homoeopathic Medical Col. of Missouri.
22 Medical Dep't of Dartmouth College... .
23 Long Island College Hospital
24 Medical Dep't of University of Buffalo.
25 College of Physicians and Surgeons a..
26 'Albany Medical College
St. Louis "
Hanover N. H..
Brooklvn N Y
Buffalo u
New York City. "
1846
1807
1838
1841
1861
1865
1S66
i863
185!)
1843
1849
1851
1819
1847
1850
1850
1848
1765
1826
1818
1824
1S50
1868
5
5
5
5
5
0
5
3
""B
25
5
5
5
"'B'
5
5
5
5
""5
5
"-5
5
25
21)
30
25
30
30
0
30
20
10
30
25
30
25
25
'"m
30
30
30
SO
""so"
25
'"25"
25
13
Albany "
27: Medical Dep't University of New York.
28 Bellevue Hospital Medical College
29 New York College of Dentistry
New York City "
New York City. "
New York City "
New York City "•
Geneva "
30 Eclectic Medical College
31 (Geneva Medical College b
32 New York Medical College for Women .
33 New York Homoeopathic Medical Col. .
34 Cleveland Medical College
New York City "
New York City. ... "
Cleveland Ohio
35 .Cleveland Homoeopathic College
36 Cincinnati Col. of Medicine and Surg'y.
37 Medical College of Ohio
Cleveland "
Cincinnati . ... "
Cincinnati "
38 Starling Medical College*
39; The Women's Medical College of Penn.
40 ' Penn College of Dental Surgery
Columbus "
Philadelphia . . Penn.
Philadelphia "
41iPhila. Univ. of Medicine and Surgery..
42 Medical Dep't University of Penn
43 Jefferson Medical Col of Phila
Philadelphia "
Philadelphia "
['hiladelphia "
44! Eclectic Medical College*
45 Medical College of South Carolina
46 Medical Dep't of Univ. of Nashville....
47 Medical Dep't of East Tenn. Univ.*. . . .
48;Texas Medical College
Philadelphia "
Charleston S. C..
Nashville . Tenn
Knoxville "
Galveston Tex
49 Medical Dep't University of Vermont. .
50 Medical Dep't of Univ. of Virginia
51. Medical Dep't of State University*
Burlington Vt
Near Charlottesville Va. . .
Madison Wis..
1823
IV. LAW SCHOOLS.
y0. Name.
Location.
1]
1820
1826
1 Law Department of Yale College
New Haven
Washington
Conn.
D C
3 Law Department University of Georgia
Athens
Chicago
...Ga...
...111...
4 Law School of University of Chicago
5 Law Department of McKendree College
6 Law School of University of Indiana
7 Law Department of University of Kentucky
8 Law School Harvard University
9 Law Department of Michigan University
Lebanon "
1860
1843
isi?
1859
1867
1831)
ia5i
1853
1831
1845
1856
1850
1847
Bloomington
Lexington
Cambridge
Ind...
Ky...
Mass
Ann Arbor
St. Louis
Mich.
. Mo.
10 Law Department of Washington University
11 Law School of Columbia College
12 Law School of University of Albany
13 Law Department of Hamilton Colle°pe
New York City
N Y
Albany
Clinton
14'Law School of University of the City of N. Y. ..
15 Law Department of University of North Carolina.
16; Ohio State and Union Law College
New York City
u
Chapel Hill
Cleveland
Philadelphia
N.C..
Ohio..
. . . Penn .
17 Law Department of University of Pennsylvania. .
18 Law School of University of South Carolina
19 Law Department of Cumberland University
20 Law Department of Baylor University.
Columbia
S. C..
Tenn .
Lebanon .
Independence
Tex
1845
1825
186Gt
21 Law School of University of Virginia
Charlottesville
Lexington
Va...
22 Lexington Law School
* Did not respond to the circular sent. t Reorgani/ed.
a Medical Dep't of Columbia College. b Medical Dep't of Hobart College.
1869.]
LAW SCHOOLS.
MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS.
209
No. President or Dean.
11
£ £
•3
Number of
Students 18C7-68
ll
£-3
"3
Cost of Lecture
Tickets.
ii!
Commencement of Lecture
Course.
16 Frank K Paddock, M.D
6
7
i
7
10
36
16
$T5
110
55
0
105
90
70
1,000
'"466
3,000
'"966
Middle of June.
1st Wed. in Nov.
1st Wed. in Nov.
Oct. 1st.
Oct. 15 and Mar. 15.
Nov. 1st.
1st Thurs. in Aug.
17 N. C. Keep, M.D., D.D.S., (Dean)...
15
422
120
56
40
72
422
46
21
19 Silas H Douglass, M D
20' John T. Hoelgan
21 J T Temple M D (Dean)
22 Rev.' Asa Dodge Smith, D.D., LL.D.
23'
24 George Hacllev, (Dean)
25 Edward Dclafield, M.D
26 Alden March, M.D
8
10
10
7
16
8
6
7
8
10
10
11
10
9
ioo
319
88
250
377
43
60
22
33
89
107
60
56
186
40
95
34
82
697
9
20
'"&
42
40
29
20
54
70
140
100
140
140
150
100
62
115
105
25
90
20
60
500
' 4,475
iet Wed. in Nov.
Oct. 1st.
1st Tucs. in Sept.
Oct. 12th.
2d Wed. in March.
Oct. 15th.
Oct. 19th.
1st Wed. in Oct.
1st Mon. in Nov.
2d Tues. in Oct.
1st Wed. in Oct.
Oct. 21st.
1st week in Oct.
1st week in Oct.
27 'John W. Draoer, M.D., LL.D
28 Isaac E. Taylor, M.D
29 Eleazar Parmly, M.D
30 Robert S. Newton. M.D
31 'Prof. J. Towler, M.D., (Dean)
82 Mrs. C. S. Lozier, M.D., (Dean)
33 J Beakley MD (Dean) . ..
' " "566
'"26
1.000
5,000
5,000
' i",566
34 J. Lang Cassels, M.D., (Dean)
35 Prof. A. O. Blair, M. D
86 B. S. Lawson. M.D., (Dean)
37 Prof. M. B. Wright, M.D., (Dean)...
38! ................
39 A Preston M D
7
9
"l2"
7
43
79
348
408
853
10
31
64
153
159
ios
100
140
20
140
1,500
Oct. 14th.
1st Mon. in Nov.
Oct. 1st.
2d Mon. in Oct.
2d Mon. in Oct.
40 T. L. Buckingham. D.D.S., (Dean). .
41 W. Paine, M.D., (Dean)
42 Robert E. Rogers, M.D., (Dean)
43 S. H. Dicksoii, M.D., (Dean)
44
800
45 F M Robertson MD
15
9
105
135
Nov. 2d.
1st Mon. in Oct.
46 Wm. K. Bowling, M.D
47
209
1,186
2,000
48 T. J. Heard, M.D
7
6
15
'"65
475
"'26'
105
70
100
35,666
1st Mon. in Dec.
1st Thurs. in March.
1st of Oct.
49 Samuel W. Thayer, M.D., (Dean). . .
50 S Maunin M D
51)
LAW SCHOOLS.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
s
9
HI
11
12
18
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2-2
President or Senior Professor.
Number
of Professors.
Number
of Students.
Number
of Alumni.
•S « £,
III
|ga
X " .9
Henry Dutton, LL. D. . .
2
4
4
16
210
14
Samuel Tyler, LL.D . . .
95
William L. Mitchell, A.M
Henry H. Horncr. A.M. . .
1
5
3
4
4
6
9
3
1
3
2
4
3
1
9
17
26
125
387
11
182
110
'"165"
George A. Bicknell, LL.D
Madison C. Johnson, LL.D
Joel Parker, LL.D
13,000
3,000
James V. Campbell, LL.D
310
Samuel Treat, A.M...
Theodore W. Dwight, LL.D.
379
Ira Harris LL D
Ellicott Evans, LL.D
Thomas W. Clcrke, LL.D. . .
25
18
""67"
4
William H. Battle. LL.D
John Crowell, LL.D
320
George Sharswood, LL D
:::::::;
A. C. Haskell...
N. Green, L.B
R. T. Smyth
3
2
1
14
109
John B. Minor. LL.D
John W. Brockenbrough, LL.D
14
210
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
V. STATE AND CITY NORMAL SCHOOLS.
No.
Nam*.
Location.
i!
p|
Principal.
1
2
3
4
5
0
7
8
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
11!
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
241
27
88
29
30
31
32
33
34
25
86
37
138
3D
40
41
42
43
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
State Normal School
San Francisco
Cal
1862
1849
1867
1867
1867
1856
1864
1858
1867
1863
1865
1839
1839
1854
1840
1849
1864
1867
1867
1865
1856
1844
1861
1866
1866
1867
1866
1867
1867
1859
1861
1862
1866
1852
1867
1867
1868
1868
1867
1866
1862
1867
1867
W. T. Lucky, A.M.
State Normal School *
,...Conn
State Normal University
State Normal University
State Normal School
Dover
Del
Normal
Terre Haute
Iowa City
...111...
Ind...
Iowa
R.Edwards, LL.D.
Normal Dep't of Univ. of Iowa.. .
S.N. Fellows, A.M.
L. B. Kellogg
Mrs. K Shaw
Kan
New Orleans Normal School
New Orleans
. . La .
Eastern State Normal School
Castine
Me
G T Fletcher
Western State Normal School
Maryland State Normal School
Farmington
George M. Gage
M. A. Newell....
J.W.Dick'son,A.M.
Annie E.Johnson..
Daniel B. Hagar
A. G. Boyden, A.M.
D.P.May hew
Wm. F. Phelps
Erastus L. Ripley..
J. M. McKenzie....
John S. Hart, LL.D.
J. Fletcher Street..
Joseph Alden
Edward A. Sheldon,
Baltimore
.... Md
Westfleld
Mass
State Normal School
Framingham
State Normal School
tt
State Normal School
BridTwater
' u
State Normal School.
Ypsilanti
Mich.
Minn.
Mo
State Normal School
Winona
Columbia
College of Normal Instruction . . .
Nebraska State Normal School. . .
New Jersey State Normal School.
Farnum Preparatory Nor. School.
State Normal School
Peru
Trenton
Neb..
N. J.
Beverly
Albany
Oswe<ro
N. Y.
State Normal School
State Normal School
Brockport
tt
State Normal School.
Cortland
it
Joseph A. Allen
State Normal School
Fredonia
u
State Normal School
Potsdam
u
State Normal School. . .
Buffalo
u
State Normal School
Geneseo
u
State Normal School
Millersville
.... Penn .
Edward Brooks
Joseph A. Cooper..
F.A.Allen
State Normal School..
Edinboro
State Normal School
S tate Normal School
Mansfield
41 '
Kutztown
U
J. S. Ermentraut. . .
State Normal School, t
Bristol
R I
State Normal School
Johnson
Randolph
Vt....
S. H. Pearl, A.M....
Edw:dConant,A.M.
State Normal School.. .
State Normal School
Castleton
Guyandotte
w v
S. R.Thomson
Chas.'H.' Allen.'.!!!!
State Normal School
West Liberty
State Normal School
Platteville
Wis
State Normal School
Madison
Whitewater
State Normal School.
State Normal School
Oshkosh
u
CITY NORMAL AND TRAINING
SCHOOLS.
City Normal School
Chicago
ni
City Training School
City Training School
City Training School
Fort Wayne
Ind...
1867
18(37
1863
1852
1857
1848
Mary II. Swan
Amanda F.Fumiell .
Mrs.M.A.M'Goneg1!
Indianapolis.
Davenport
Iowa
Girls' High and Normal School. .
City Normal School
Boston
Mass
St. Louis.
Mo
AnnaC. Brackett. . .
George W. Fetter..
Girls' Normal School
Philadelphia
Penn .
NOTE.— There are some other institutions which would have been included in the foregoing
tables, had the catalogues or lists of officers and students been received in time.
* Suspended in 1867. i Suspended in 1865.
1869.]
STATE AND CITY NORMAL SCHOOLS.
STATE AND CITY NORMAL SCHOOLS.
211
Wo.
Number
of Instructors.
No. of Male Stu
dents in 1867-68.
No. of Female
Students
in 1867-68.
Whole No. of Stu-
dents from
Organization.
Whole No.
of Graduates.
if!
Annual appropriation from
State or City.
An'al expense to
each Student.
Time of Anniversary.
1
2
8
4
5
(i
7
8
g
10
11
12
18
14
16
K;
11
18
Hi
20
21
21
25
26
27
28
3()
81
32
38
84
81
87
8s
89
40
41
42
43
1
2
8
4
6
6
7
4
20
140
675
2,349
120
249
1,500
$8,000
May.
12
169
244
1,611
99
3,000
12,500
$100-200
3d Thurs. in June.
2
16
3
5
6
7
8
9
6
10
8
7
3
21
6
15
18
36
50
0
26
51
16
25
0
0
29
64
70
195
45
132
116
226
159
196
81
744
225
350
71
'"239
1,900
1,573
1,135
1,618
4,800
140
23
25
102
6
50
0
'"79
412
1,148
482
1,016
230
41
'"6
' i",666
Sup'd by Uni. Fund.
6,000
150-200
Last Thurs. in June.
Last week in June.
3d Sat. in June.
3d Thurs. in May.
300
'"566
1,300
900
8,000
5,000
' 3.666
3,000
50
3,000
1,000
1,200
241
750
2,000
4,400
8,000
8,500
8,500
8,500
8,500
10,000
5,000
180
'"i60
163
175
200
Last week in May.
3d Thurs. in July.
Last Tu. of each term.
Lastof Jan., 1 of July.
2d week in July.
13
23
"'ii'
150
75
45
50
74
160
140-200
150
150
160
180
160
4th week in June.
Last Thurs. in July.
Last week in June.
L'st Th. Jan. and Jun.
June and Dec.
202
150
300
268
90
10,000 from State.
2,400 and F.es'te.
16.000 from State.
16,000
12,000
' ' "582
' i',679
242
July 8, Feb. 4.
12
..'.'.'.. .....'.
604
0
12,000
18
10
10
13
534
211
174
266
278
214
170
77
5,500
1,444
1,636
405
722
177
479
130
30
67
3,900
1,662
630
2,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
200
170
184
178
3d Thurs. in July.
3d Thurs. in June.
4
2
69
167
108
171
29
35
500
500
650 from State.
150
160
3d Wed. in Feb.
5
2,500 from State.
200
6
64
79
0
600
8,000 to 10,000
50
Last week in June.
2
1
2
14
6
11
000000
1
10
12
13
332
104
370
10
9
1,000
2,500
0
2d week in June.
Last week in June.
76
42
91
530
2,667
190
1,019
120| 3,531.95
500 11,925.24
75.14
2.75
3d week in June.
Feb. and July.
New York and several other cities have Saturday Normal and Training Schools, designed
principally for the teachers of the public schools. In several of the Western States there are
county and private Normal Schools, and in the Southern States more than 30 Normal Schools
have been established for freedmen, which are not included in the above tables.
212 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
AGRICULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS.
The following table shows the number of acres to which each State is en
titled under the Act donating land to the States and Territories for Agricul
tural Colleges, (provided Congress removes the disability of States that have
not complied with the provisions of the bill), and other general facts relative
to the acceptance of the grant by the State legislatures and. the location of
Colleges, so far as they have been established :
STATIB.
i s.
3*
•si
8
5
5
6
3
3
9
16
13
8
3
11
Acres in
scrip.
Date of acceptance.
Date of establish-
Designation and location.
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Connecticut
Delaware
240,000
150,000
150,000
180,000
90,000
90,000
270,000 !
480,000
390,000
240,000
90,000
330,000
210 000
March 3i,' 1866
June 24, 1863
Feb. 17, 1867
March3i,'is66
June 24,1863
March 14, 1867
Agricultural, Mining, and Me
chanic Arts College.
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale
College, New Haven.
Delaware State College, Newark.
Illinois Industrial University, Ur-
bana, Champaign county.
Indiana Agricultural College.
State Agricult'l College and Farm,
Ames, Story county.
State Agricult'l Coll., Manhattan.
Agricultural and Mechanical Col
lege, (Kentucky Univ'sity,) Lex
ington.
State College of Agricultural and
Mechanic Arts. Orono.
State Agric1! College. Hvattsville.
Mass.Inst. of Technology, Host-
Massachusetts Agricultural Col
lege, Amherst.
State Agriculfl College. Lansing.
Agricult'l College of Minnesota,
with State University, St. Paul.
N. Hampshire Coll. of Agriculture,
(Dartmouth College.) Hanover.
Rutgers1 Scientific Self I and Rut
gers' College, New Brunswick.
Cornell University, Ithaca.
Agricultural College of Pennsyl
vania, Centre county.
Scientific School of Brown Uni
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Jan. 25, 1867
March 6, 1865
Sept. 11, 1862
Feb. 8, 1863
Jan. 27, 1863
Feb. 28,1867
Indiana
Iowa
March 29, 1866
Feb. 16, 1863
Feb. 22, 1865
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
7
7
12
8
4
r
1]
f
3-'
2:
2(
1
1
210,000
210,000
360,000
2-10,000
120,000
210,000
330,000
90,000
90,000
150,000
210,000
990,000
270,000
630,000
90,000
780,000
120,000
180.000
300,000
180,000
150,000
300.00C
150,OOC
240,OOC
March 25, 1863
Jan. 24, 1864
, 1863
Feb. 25, 1863
March 2,1865
Feb. 25, 1865
Massachusetts..
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
j Apr. 10, 18(51
1 Apr. 29, 1863
March 18, 1863
January, 1868
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina.
Ohio
March 9, 1865
July 9, 1863
March 21, 1863
May 14, 1863
July 9, 1866
April 4, 1864
April 27,1865
April 13,1865
Oct. 9, 1802
May 1, 1863
Jan. 23, 1863
April"i3",'is54
Oregon
Pennsylvania...
Rhode Island. . .
South Carolina.
Tennessee
versity, Providence.
University of Vermont and State
Agricult'l College, Burlington.
Agricultural College of West Vir
ginia. Morgantown.
University ot Wisconsin, (College
of Arts,) Madison.
Nov. 11, 1803
Nov. 22, 1864
Feb.""7Vi86:
April 12, 186f
West Virginia. .
Wisconsin
Total
Oct. 3, 186?
April 2, 186S
31-
9,510,000
1809.]
PUBLIC SCHOOL EXPENSES.
213
S I
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«d tpwnppiii jo ,9oo 92««Ay =£» ««*-•*•*«« fc^ » * •« CO « MS W <
oims pas sqooq 'sjaqoua}
jo saursiBS urjqj «mo sasuadij
m {idnd jod ]
1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3.1 1 i
C< O t- T-l 5* r-l
•ivaf »m
3aunp BOtrepuani /iwp aatsaaA
>TH t-
I $
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214 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.
Librarian of Congress AINSWORTH R. SPOFFORD.
Assistant Librarians FREDERIC VINTON, C. H. W. MEEHAN. THEO
DORE GILL, GEORGE A. MORRIS, JAMES C.
STROUT, W. H. RHOBERTS, Louis SOLYONE.
An act passed during the first session of the 6th Federal Congress and ap
proved April 24, 1800, was the first provision for establishing the National
Library of Congress. Subsequent acts from 1802 to 1811 provided for the ap
pointment of librarian, authorized regulations and restrictions, and appro
priated $1,000 annually for the increase of the library. About 3,000 volumes
had been collected, when after the battle of Bladensburg, August 24, 1814,
the library was burned by the British under General Ross and Admiral
Cockburn.
Congress, by an act approved January 30, 1815, authorized the purchase
of the library of Mr. Jefferson, consisting of 6,700 volumes, for $23,950.
This library, which contained many rare and valuable books, was first placed
in a room of the building temporarily occupied by Congress, but was re
moved to the north wing of the capitol in 1818 or 1819. An act approved
December 3, 1818, directed that suitable apartments be fitted up and fur
nished for it, and $2,000 was appropriated for the purchase of books. Ad
ditional appropriations wrere made which from 1820 to 1828 amounted to
$26,000, for the purchase of books, and $5,490 for furniture, stoves, &c.
Additions of books, maps, charts, and works of art were made from time to
time until, in 1851, the number of volumes in the library was over 55,000,
and the Library room was the favorite resort of visitors to the metropolis.
On the 24th of December, the library took fire and 35,000 volumes of books,
and many valuable paintings and works of art were destroyed. An appro
priation of $10,000 was immediately made to commence the restoration of
the library. Another appropriation of $72,500 was made March 19, 1852,
for repairs of the library room. August 31, 1852, $75,000 was appropriated
for the purchase of books.
The Law Department of the Library, which is in a separate room, contains
the largest and best selection of law books in America, and up to 1867, had
cost about $63,000.
The Library of the Smithsonian Institution was transferred to the library
of Congress under an act approved April 5, 1866. There were about 40,000
volumes in this collection, comprising many scientific books, journals, and
transactions of learned societies. The whole number of volumes in the
Library, December 1, 1867, was 165,467, exclusive of unbound pamphlets,
periodicals, manuscripts and maps ; 23,915 volumes belong to the Law De
partment.
The library of Peter Force of Washington, comprising with other works,
a large collection of early books, newspapers, pamphlets, manuscripts, and
maps, relating to America, was purchased in 1867 for $100,000 and added
to the library of Congress.
1869.] LIBRARY OP CONGRESS. 215
The classification of the library has been much improved by Mr. Spofford,
the present librarian. A complete catalogue of the books arranged alpha
betically under the head of authors, has been prepared and printed under
his direction, and a full catalogue by subjects is now (November, 1868),
passing through the press.
The Library embraces the whole of the western projection of the center
of the original Capitol, and consists of a hall occupying the center of the
western front flanked by two other halls, one on the north, and the other on
the south side of the projection. The west hall, which formerly embraced
the whole Library, was 91 feet 6 inches in length, 34 feet wide, and 38 feet
high ; the other two halls, of the same height, are 29 feet 6 inches wide, and
95 feet long.
The halls are lighted by windows and skylights. The ceiling is iron and
glass, and rests on foliated iron brackets, each weighing a ton. The pilas
ters and panels are of iron painted a delicate buff color and burnished with
gold leaf. The floor is laid in tessellated black and white marble.
There are successive stories of iron cases for books ; the upper stories
are traversed by galleries, protected by railings and floored with cast-iron
plates. Light wire screens prevent the books from being disturbed or
stolen. The north and south halls have four galleries, while the west hall
has but three.
The total length of iron shelving is 21,360 feet, affording space for about
172,000 volumes. If to this be added the shelf accommodation of the Law
Library Room (formerly occupied by the United States Supreme Court) and
the long attic room communicating with the upper gallery of the main
library, the entire length of shelving is 26,148 feet, or nearly five miles, afford
ing space for about 210,000 volumes.
There are (November 1868), more than 175,000 volumes in the library.
The privilege of taking books from the Library extends to the President
and Vice President of the United States, the Cabinet officers, the Judges
of the Supreme Court, members of the Senate and House of Representa
tives, the Secretary of the Senate, the Clerk of the House, the agent of joint
committee on the Library, and the Diplomatic Corps. The use of books
within the Library is free to all.
The Senate and House have also separate libraries of documents kept in
other apartments, which, including duplicates, number many thousands of
volumes.
The President of the United States appoints the Librarian of Congress,
and he in turn, the assistants he may require. A Joint Committee of the two
Houses of Congress have charge of the affairs of the Library.
The Library is kept open every week day throughout the year, from 9
o'clock A. M. until 4 P. M., except during one month at mid-summer, when
it is closed for renovation.
216 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
MEMBERS ex-Offido.
ANDREW JOHNSON, President United States. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of Navy.
Wai. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. ALEX. W. RANDALL, Postmaster General.
HUGH McCuLLOcii, Secretary of Treasury. WM. M. EVARTS, Attorney General.
JOHN M. SCHOPIELD, Secretary of War. SALMON P. CHASE, Chief Justice of U. S.
BOARD OF EEGENTS.
BENJAMIN F. WADE, Vice President U. S. LUKE P. POLAND, U. S. Representative.
SALMON P. CHASE, Chief Justice of U. S. WM. B. ASTOR, citizen of New York.
LYMAN TRUMBULL, U. S. Senator. THEO. D. WOOLSEY, citizen of Connecticut.
GARRET DAVIS, U. S. Senator. JOHN McLEAN, citizen of New Jersey.
WM. P. FESSENDEN, U. S. Senator. Louis AGASSIZ, citizen of Massachusetts.
JAMES A. GARFIELD, U. S. Representative. RICHARD DELAFIELD, citizen of Washington.
JOHN V. L. PRUYN, U. S. Representative. PETER PARKER, citizen of Washington.
OFFICERS.
Presiding Officer of the Institution ANDREW JOHNSON, ex-Qffitio.
Chancellor SALMON P. CHASE.
Secretary JOSEPH HENRY.
Assistant Secretary SPENCER F. BAIRD.
Chief Clerk WILLIAM J. RHEES.
Executive Committee RICHARD DELAFIELD.
James Smithson of London, bequeathed his property to the United States
for the purpose of founding in Washington an establishment to be known as
the Smithsonian Institution for the purpose of increasing and diffusing knowl
edge among men.
Congress accepted the bequest, and Aug. 10, 1846, passed an act incorpo
rating the institution. The original amount of money received from the be
quest was $515,169, to which should be added the principal of an annuity
received in 1865, amounting to $26,210.63, making in all from the bequest of
Smithson, $541,379.63. At the time of passing the act establishing the In
stitution, in 1846, the sum of $242,000 had accrued in interest, and this the
Regents were authorized to expend on a building. But, instead of appro
priating this sum immediately to this purpose, they put it at interest, and
deferred the completion of the building for several years, until over $100,000
should be accumulated, the income of which might defray the expenses of
keeping the building, and the greater portion of the income of the original
bequest be devoted to the objects for which it was designed.
The permanent fund of the Institution, January, 1868, was $650,000, be
sides $72,500 in Virginia state bonds, the market value of which was about
$30,000.
The act of 1846, provides "That the President and Vice President of the
United States, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Sec
retary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Postmaster General, the At
torney General, the Chief Justice, and the Commissioner of the Patent Office
of the United States, and the Mayor of the City of Washington, during the
time for which they shall hold their respective offices, and such other persons
as they may elect as honorary members, be and they are hereby constituted
1869.] SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 217
an ' establishment ' by the name of the ' Smithsonian Institution ' for the
increase and diffusion of knowledge among men."
The law also provides for a " Board of Regents " to be composed of the
Vice President of the United States, the Mayor of the City of Washington,
three Senators, three Representatives, together with six other persons, other
than Members of Congress, two of whom shall be members of the National
Institute, in the City of Washington, and residents in the said city, and
the other four shall be inhabitants of other States, and no two of them from
the same State.
The Establishment exercises general supervision over the affairs of the
Institution. The Board of Regents conducts the business of the Institution,
and makes annual reports to Congress. The Secretary of the Institution is
elected by the Board. His duty is to take charge of the building and prop
erty, discharge the duty of librarian, keeper of the museum, etc., and has
power, by consent of the Regents, to employ assistants.
The Institution has received and taken charge of such government col
lections in mineralogy, geology, and natural history, as have been made since
its organization. The Institution has also received, from other sources, col
lections of greater or less extent, from various portions of North America,
tending to complete the government series. The collections thus made, taken
as a whole, constitute the largest and best series of the minerals, fossils, rocks,
animals, and plants of the entire continent of North America, in the world.
Valuable collections from other countries have also been received.
Three classes of publications are issued by the Institution : 1. A quarto
series, entitled "' Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge." 2. An octavo
series, entitled " Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections." 3. Another octavo
series, consisting of the Annual Reports of the Institution to Congress, called
" Smithsonian Reports."
The Institution has devoted special attention to meteorology, and organ
ized a voluntary system of observations, extending as widely as possible over
the wThole of the North American continent. It has also contributed to other
departments of Natural Science, and by its system of international ex
changes, has been of great service to institutions and governments. Com
pilations from the reports of observers are published in volumes, and also by
the Department of Agriculture, in its monthly reports.
Total number of contributions— in 1865, 102; in 1866, 168; in 1867, 163. Total number of
packages received— in 1865, 257 ; in 1866, 318 ; in 1867, 320.
Number of Smithsonian observers in 1867, 385 in forty-two . states and territories, and four
foreign countries. Meteorological registers were received from forty-three colleges and other
institutions.
Number of societies sending their publications in exchange to the Smithsonian Institution —
from Germany, .334; Great Britain and Ireland, 194; France, 113; United States, 100; Italy, 70;
Holland, 48; Russia, 46; Switzerland, 35 ; Canada, 20; Belgium, 19; Australia, 15 ; Denmark,
13; Sweden, 12; Hindostan, 11 ; Norway, 9; Spain, 7; Cuba, 6; East Indies, 4 ; Chili, 4; Por
tugal, 3 ; Turkey, 3 ; Mauritius, 2 ; Africa, 2 ; China, 2 ; Brazil, 2 ; Greece, 1 ; Egypt, 1 ; Bogota,
1; Buenos Ayres, 1 ; Jamaica,!; Mexico,!; Trinidad,!; making in all, 1,081. Number of
books, maps and charts received by exchange, in 1867— Octavo, 1,088 ; Quarto, 383 ; Folio, 86 ;
total, 1,557. Number of parts of volumes and pamphlets— Octavo, 2,689 ; Quarto, 1,057 ; Folio,
200 ; total, 3,946 ; maps and charts, 328 ; making in all, 5,831.
218 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
UNITED STATES MINT.
The Constitution (Article 1, section 8), gives Congress the sole power to coin
money, and regulate the value thereof. The act of April 2, 1792, provided that
a mint for the purpose of National Coinage should be established and carried
on at the seat of government of the United States, which was then at Phila
delphia. Subsequent acts continued the mint at the same place temporarily,
until by act of May 19, 1828, its location was permanently fixed in that city.
The officers of the mint are — a Director, a Treasurer, an Assayer, a Meltcr
and Refiner, a Chief Coiner, and an Engraver. These officers are appointed
by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate.
The Director has the control and management of the mint, the superin
tendence of the officers and persons employed, and the general regulation
and supervision of the several branches.
The Treasurer receives all moneys for the use or support of the mint, and
all bullion brought to the mint for coinage ; he has the custody of the same
except while legally in the hands of other officers ; and on the warrant of the
Director, he pays all moneys due by the mint, and delivers all coins struck
at the mint to the persons to whom they are legally payable.
The Assayer assays all metals used in coinage, and all coins, whenever re
quired by the operations of the mint, or instructed by the Director.
The Melter and Refiner conducts the operations necessary to form ingots
of standard silver and gold suitable for the Chief Coiner.
The Chief Coiner conducts the operations necessary to form coins from the
ingots, &c., delivered to him for the purpose.
The Engraver prepares and engraves with the legal device and inscription
all the dies used in the coinage of the mint and its branches.
Besides the mint at Philadelphia, Congress has from time to time estab
lished branches and an Assay Office at the following places :
At New Orleans, for the coinage of gold and silver March 3, 1835.
At Charlotte, North Carolina, for the coinage of gold only March 3, 1835.
At Dahlonega, Georgia, for gold only March 3, 1&35.
At San Francisco, California, for gold and silver July 3, 1852.
At Denver, Colorado Territory, for gold and silver April 21, 1862.
At Carson City, Nevada, for gold and silver March 3, 1863
At New York City, an Assay Office for the receipt, melting, refining, parting,
and assaying of gold and silver bullion and foreign coin, and for casting the
same into bars, ingots, or disks March 3, 1853.
At Dallas City, Oregon, for gold and silver July 4, 1864.
OFFICERS OF THE MINT AT PHILADELPHIA.
Director HENRY R. LINDERMAN $4,500
Treasurer, and Ex- Officio Asst. Treas. of U.S... CHAMBERS MCKIBBIN* 3,500
Assayer JACOB R. ECKFELDT 3,000
Melter and Refiner JAMES C. BOOTH 3,000
Chief Coiner A. LOUDON SNOWDEN 3,000
Engraver JAMES B. LONGACRE 3,000
Assistant Assayer WILLIAM E. DUBOIS 2,000
OFFICER or BRANCH MINT, NEW ORLEANS, LA.
Treasurer JOHN S. WALTON $4,000
OFFICER OF BRANCH MINT, CHARLOTTE, N. C.
Assayer ISAAC W. JONES $1,500
*The Treasurer also receives $1,500 for additional compensation as Assistant Treasurer of the
United States.
1809.] UNITED STATES MINT. 219
OFFICERS OF BRANCH MINT, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Superintendent ROBERT B. SWAIN $4,500
Treasurer CHAS. N. FELTON . 4,500
Assayer BENJ. T. MARTIN 3,000
Coiner WILLIAM ESHMOLZ 3,000
Melter andEejiner JOHN M. ECKFELDT 3,000
OFFICERS AT NEW YORK ASSAY OFFICE.
Superintendent GEORGE F. DUNNING $
Treasurer H. H. VAN DYCK 8,000
Assayer JOHN TORRY
Melter and Eeflner ANDREW MASON
Assistant Assayer CARL SHULTZ
OFFICERS OF BRANCH MINT AT DENVER, COL.
Superintendent GEORGE W. LANE $2,000
Assayer OSCAR D. MUNSON 1,800
GEORGE W. MCCLURE 1,800
Deposits of bullion are received at the mint and its branches to be sepa
rated and refined, or cast into bars or ingots, the charges for refining, casting,
or forming bars or ingots being the actual cost of the operation, including
labor, wastage, use of machinery, materials, &c., to be regulated from time
to time by the Secretary of the Treasury.
In 1867, the rate of charges on deposits of gold and silver bullion at the
mint in Philadelphia and at the Assay Office in New York, were as follows :
For toughening or refining, in proportion to fineness of metal. On gold, from 1 cent to 3$
cents per ounce, gross weight. On silver, from £ cent to 3 cents per ounce.
For refining coppery gold, already ductile, in order to return stamped bars, 5 cents per
ounce.
For separating gold from silver when the mixture is free from copper, according to propor
tion of gold, from H cents to 5 cents per ounce. When the alloy is partly copper, if over fifty
thousandths copper, from 1 cent to 3| cents additional.
For melting gold, nearly fine, and returning the same in stamped bars, 6 cents per hundred
dollars.
For making standard bars, of gold or silver, 50 cents per hundred dollars.
For melting silver after parting, in order to return fine stamped bars, £ cent per ounce, fine.
On partable gold or silver intended for fine bars, there are two charges ; for parting, and for
making bars.
Deposits. The deposits of bullion at the Mint and branches during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1668, were as follows: Gold, $25,472,894.82; silver, $1,693,423.88; total deposits, $27,-
166,318.70 ; deducting re-deposits, the amount will be $24,591,325.84.
Coinage. The coinage for the same period was as follows: Gold coin, pieces, 976,539;
value, $18,114,425; unparted and fine gold bars, $6,026,810.06; silver coin, pieces, 3,321,067;
value, $1,136,750 ; silver bars, $458,236.48 ; nickel, copper and bronze coinage, pieces, 45,438,-
000; value, $1,713,385. Total number of pieces struck, 49,735,840. Total value of coinage,
$27,447,606.54.
Bullion. The distribution of the bullion received at the mint and branches, was as follows :
At Philadelphia, gold deposited, $4,043,048.63; gold coined, $3,864,425; fine gold bars, $98,848.03;
silver deposits and purchases, $342,635.72; silver coined, $314,750 ; silver bars, $6,729.94 ; nickel,
copper and bronze coinage, value, $1,713,385. Total deposits of gold and silver, $4,385,684.35.
Total coinage, $5,892,560.
At the Branch Mint, San Francisco, the gold deposits were, $14,979,558.52 ; gold coined, $14,-
250,000 ; silver deposits and purchases, $713,867.66 ; silver coined, $822,000. Total deposits and
purchases, $15,693,426.18. Total coinage, $15,073,000.
The Assay Office in New York received during the year in gold bullion, $6,092,352.56; silver
bullion, including purchases, $631,837.83; number of fine gold bars stamped, 4,084; value,
$5,567,082.77 ; silver bars, 3,992 ; value, $449,506.54. Total, $6,016,589.31.
At the Branch Mint, Denver, Colorado, the deposits for unparted bars were : Gold, $357,-
935.11 ; silver, $5,082.67. Total, $363,017.78. TUp deposits at this institution during the pre
ceding fiscal year amounted to $139,559.70.
220
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809.
Statement of coinage at the Mint of the United States, and the Branch Mint, California, for
fiscal year ending June 30, 1868 :
DENOMINATION.
MINT U. S., PHILADELPHIA.
BRANCH MINT, SAN FRANCISCO.
GOLD.
Pieces.
Value.
Pieces.
Value.
Double Eagles
Eagles .
188,540
3,050
5,750
4,900
3,650
10,550
151
$3,770,800.00
30,500.00
28,750.00
14,700.00
9,12o.OO
10.550.00
98,848.03
696,750
12.500
25,000
26,000
$13,935.000.00
125,000.00
125,000.00
65,000.00
Half Eagles
Three Dollars
Quarter Eagles
Dollars
Fine Bars
Total Gold
216,591
$3,963,273.03
760,250
$14,250.000.00
DENOMINATION.
MINT U. S., PHILADELPHIA.
BRANCH MINT, SAN FRANCISCO.
SILVER.
Pieces.
Value.
Pieces.
Value.
Dollars . . . . ...
54.800
411.500
29,900
423,150
85,800
4,000
83
$54,800.00
205,750.00
7,475.00
42,315.00
4,290.00
120.00
6,729.94
1,482,000
120,000
310,000
400,000
$741.000.00
30,000.00
31,000.00
20,000.00
Half Dollars
Quarter Dollars
Dimes
Half Dimes
Three Cent Pieces
Bars
Total Silver
1,009,233
$321,479.94
2,312,000
$822,000.00
COPPER. Pieces. Value.
Five Cent Pieces. . . 28.902,000 $1,445,100.00
Three Cent Pieces 3,613,000 108.390.00
Two Cent Pieces 3,066,500 61,330.00
One Cent Pieces 9,856,500 98,565.00
Total Copper 45,438,000 $1 ,713,385.00
There was also stamped at the Assay Office, New York: Gold in fine bars, $5,567,082.77;
Silver in bars, $449,506.54 ; and at Branch Mint, Denver, $360,879.26.
Pieces. Value.
Total Coinage 49,735,840 $27,447,606.54
Statement of Gold and Silver of domestic production deposited at the Mint and its branches
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1867:
GOLD.
Alabama .
Arizona . .
California
Colorado .
Georgia . .
Idaho.
$ 437.30
23,896.15
13,350,722.00
980,857.83
28,758.20
2,392,595.77
Montana 6,595,419.95
Nevada 48,677.09
New Mexico 15,357.08
North Carolina
Oregon
South Carolina
Utah
Virginia
Mint Bars
Parted from Silver
Refined Gold or Fine Bars
.$ (56,305.02
, 1,020,469.76
1,200.54
4,327.11
10,205.90
111,168.80
450,089.54
. 5,715.260.40
Total Gold $30,805,748.54
SILVER.
Arizona $ 3.212.26
California 310.25
Colorado 543.78
Idaho 160.269.24
Lake Superior 18,555.35
Montana $ 19,095.48
Nevada 579,931.76
Oregon 183.68
Bars 10,709.00
Parted from Gold 263,869.59
Total Silver $1,056,680.39
Total Gold and Silver of Domestic Production $31,862,428.93
1869.]
UNITED STATES MINT.
221
The entire deposits of domestic gold at the United States Mint and branches, to June 80,
1868, were from —
Alabama, $202,325.26 ; Arizona. $183,699.31 ; California, $604,680,605.09 ; Colorado, $14,463,272.-
19; Dakota, $7,958.88; Georgia, $7.053,004.63; Idaho, $14,162.970.07; Montana, $17,208,753.18;
Nebraska, $5,876.08; Nevada, $210,539.93; New Mexico, $122,759.98; North Carolina, $9,434,-
839.31; Oregon, $9,552,102.69 ; South Carolina, $1,356,471.44; Tennessee, $81,680.39 ; Utah, $87,-
669.55; Vermont, $1,512.66 ; Virginia, $1,591,594.11 ; Washington, $61,260.49; Parted from Silver,
$3,808,844.51 ; other sources, $20,369,175.40. Total, $704,646,915.15.
FOREIGN GOLD AND SILVER COINS.
Prepared T)y the Director of the Mint at Philadelphia.
In the third column the weight is given in fractions of a Troy ounce, carried to thousandths,
and in a few cases to ten thousandths of an ounce. The fifth column expresses the value of the
coins as compared with our gold coin. At the mint there is a uniform deduction of one half of
one per cent, on the gold coin. The value of silver depends on the condition of demand and sup
ply ; the values given are calculated at 122i cents per ounce for standard silver, the price in 1868.
GOLD COINS.
COUNTRY.
DENOMINATIONS.
Weight.
Fineness.
Value.
Pound of 1852
Oz. Deo.
0281
Thous.
916 5
$5 32 4
Sovereign of 1855-60
02565
916
4'85'7
Austria
Ducat.. . .
0 112
986
228 3
So'iverei<Tn
0 363
900
6 75 4
u
New Union Crown, (assumed)..
0357
900
6 (542
Belgium
25 Francs
0254
899
4 72 0
Doubloon
0 867
870
15 59 3
Brazil
Twenty Milreis
0575
9175
10 90 6
Central America
Two Escudos
0209
853 5
3 68 8
Four Reals
0027
875
0488
Chili . . .
Old Doubloon ....
0867
870
15 59 3
Ten Pesos
0492
900
9 15 4
Denmark
Ten Thaler
0427
895
7900
Ecuador
Four Escudos
0 433
844
7 55 5
England
Pound or Sovereign, new
0256.7
9165
4.863
kk " average ...
02562
916
485 1
France
Twenty Francs, new
0 207 5
899
3 85 8
"• u average
0.207
899
3 847
Germany, North
Ten Thaler
0427
895
7900
•* " Prussian
0.427
903
7.97.1
41 14
Krone, (Crown)
0357
900
6642
" South
Ducat . . .
0112
986
228 2
Greece
Twenty Drachms
0 185
900
3" 44 2
Hindostan
Mohur . .
0374
916
7.082
Italy
Twenty Lire
0207
898
3 84 3
Japan
Old Coban"-
0 3(52
568
4 44 0
0289
572
3576
Mexico
Doubloon, average
0 867 5
866
15530
" new . ..
0.867 5
8705
15.61.1
Naples
Twenty Pesos, (Maximilian)
Six Ducati new
1.086
0 245
875
996
19.64.3
5044
Netherlands
Ten Guilders
0 215
899
3 99 1
New Granada
Old Doubloon, Bogota
0868
870
15 61 1
ii u
" " Popayan
Ten Pe^os
0.867
0 525
858
891 5
15.37.8
9 67 5
Peru
Old Doubloon
0 867
868
15557
Twenty Soles
1 055
898
19 21 3
Portugal
Gold Crown
0 308
912
5 80 7
Prussia
New Union Crown, (assumed)
0357
900
6.64.2
Rome
2J Scudi new
0 140
900
2.60.5
Russia
Five Roubles
0 210
916
3 97 6
Spain
100 Reals ..
0 268
896
4.96.4
80 '" . .
0 215
8695
3.86.4
Sweden
Ducat .
0 111
875
2.23.7
Tunis ...
25 Piastres
0 161
900
299.5
Turkey
100 "
0 231
915
4.36.9
Tuscany
Seguin
0.112
999
2.31.3
222
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
SILVER COINS.
[1869.
COUNTRY.
DENOMINATIONS.
Weight.
Fineness.
Value.
Austria
Old Rix Dollar
Oi. Dec.
0.902
Thous.
833
$1.02.3
Old Scudo
0.836
902
1 026
Florin before 1858
0451
833
51 1
New Florin
0.397
900
48.6
New Union Dollar
0.596
900
731
Maria Theresa Dollar, 1780
0.895
838
1.02.1
Belgium
Five Francs
0.803
897
98.0
Bolivia
New Dollar
Half Dollar
0.643
0.432
903.5
667
79.1
39.2
Brazil . .
Double Milreis
0.820
918.5
1.02.5
Canada
0 150
925
189
Central America
Dollar
0.866
850
1.00.2
Chili .
Old Dollar
0.864
908
1.06.8
New Dollar
0.801
900.5
98.2
Denmark
Two Rigsdaler
0.927
877
1.10.7
England
Shilling, new
0.182.5
924.5
23.0
Shilling average
0.178
925
22.4
Prance
Five Franc average
0.800
900
98.0
Germany, North
Thaler before 1857
New Thaler
0.712
0.595
750
900
72.7
72.9
" South
Florin before 1857
0340
900
41.7
New Florin, (assumed)
0.340
900
41.7
Greece
Five Drachms
0.719
900
83.1
Hindostan
0374
916
466
Japan
Itzebu . .
0.279
991
37.6
Mexico
New Itzebu
Dollar, new
Dollar average
0.279
0.867.5
0.866
890
903
901
33.8
1.06.6
1.06.2
it
Peso of Maximilian
0861
902.5
1.05.5
Naples
Scudo . .
0.844
830
95.3
Netherlands
2$ Guilders
0804
944
1.03.3
Norway
Specie Daler
0.927
877
1.10.7
New Grenada
Dollar of 1857
0.803
896
98.0
Peru
Old Dollar
0866
901
1.06.2
Dollar of 1858 .
0.766
909
94.8
n
Half Dollar 1835 and 1838 '
0433
650
38.3
u
Sol
0.802
900
98.2
Prussia .
Thaler before 1857
0.712
750
72.7
New Thaler
0.595
900
72.9
Rome
Scudo
0.864
900
1.05.8
Russia
Rouble
0.667
875
79.4
Sardinia
Five Lire
0.800
900
98.0
Spain
New Pistareen
0.166
899
20.3
Sweden
Rix Dollar
1 092
750
1.11.5
Switzerland
Two Francs . .
0.323
899
39.5
Tunis
Five Piastres
0.511
898.5
62.5
Turkey
Twenty u
0 770
830
87.0
Tuscany
Florin
0.220
925
27.6
COINS OF THE UNITED STATES.
GOLD.
Name. Weight. Value.
Double Eagle 516 gr $20
Eagle 258 gr 10
Half Eagle 129 gr 5
64£ gr 2.50
25 4-5 gr 1
Quarter Eagle —
Dollar . . .
SILVER.
Name. Weight.
Dollar 412| gr....
Half Dollar 206* gr....
Quarter Dollar 103J- gr . . . .
Dime 4H gr
Half Dime 20f gr....
Three Cent Piece 12f gr. . . .
COPPER AND NICKEL.
Weight. Value. Name. Weight.
.77.16 gr $ .05 Two Cent Piece 96 gr $ .02
.30. gr 03 Cent 48 gr 01
The standard of both gold and silver coins is, nine hundred parts of pure metal and one hun
dred parts of alloy by weight, the alloy of the silver coins to be copper, and of the gold, copper
and silver, the silver not exceeding one half the whole alloy. The five and three cent pieces
are composed of copper and nickel, the nickel not exceeding 25 per cent. The two cent piece
and cent are composed of 95 per cent, copper and 5 per cent, tin and zinc.
Name.
Five Cent Piece
Three Cent Piece
Value.
Value.
1869.] NATIONAL SOCIETIES. 223
NATIONAL, SOCIETIES.
American Baptist Missionary Union, 12 Bedford St. Boston ; Secretary, Jos. G. WARREN, D.D.
American Baptist Home Missionary Society, 39 Park Row, New York ; Secretary, J. S.
BACKUS, D. D.
American Bible Society, Bible House, Astor Place, New York ; Secretary, JOSEPH HOLDICH,
D.D. Next meeting 2d Thursday in May, 1869.
American Bible Union, 350 Broome St., New York; Secretary, WILLIAM H. WYCHOFP, LL.D.
American and Foreign Bible Society, 116 Nassau St., New York; Secretary, EUFUS BAB-
COCK, D. D.
American Board for Foreign Missions, Mission House, 33 Pemberton St., Boston ; Secretary,
SELAH B. TREAT, D. D. Next meeting 1st Tuesday in Oct., 1869.
American Colonization Society, Washington ; Secretary, Rev. R. R. GURLEY. Next meeting
3d Tuesday in January, 1869.
American Congregational Union, 49 Bible House, New York ; President, LEONARD BACON,
D. D. ; Cor. Secretaries, RAY PALMER, D. D., N. Y. ; Rev. CHRISTOPHER GUSHING, Boston.
American Dental Association; President, JONATHAN TAFT; Secretary, JAMES MCMANUS.
Next meeting, 1st Tuesday in August, 1869, at Saratoga Springs.
American Education Society, 15 Cornhill, Boston ; President, Rev. SETH SWEETSER, D. D. ;
Secretary, Rev. INCREASE N. TARBOX. Next annual meeting, Monday, May 24, 1869.
American Female Guardian Society, 29 East 29th St., New York.
American and Foreign Christian Union, 27 Bible House, New York; Secretary, Rev. JOSEPH
SCUDDER. Next meeting Tuesday preceding 2d Thursday in May, 1869.
American Free Trade League ; Chairman, DAVID DUDLEY FIELD, Esq. Meetings monthly
in New York.
American Geographical and Statistical Society, Cooper Institute, New York ; Chairman of
the Council, Hon. F. A. CONKLING ; Secretary, E. R. STRAZNICKY.
American Home Missionary Society, Bible House, Astor Place, New York ; President, THEO
DORE D. WOOLSEY, D. D. ; Secretary, MILTON BADGER, D. D. Next meeting Wednesday pre
ceding 2d Thursday in May, 1869, in N. Y.
American Institute, New York ; founded in 1829, for the advancement of American Industry
and Useful Arts, by Annual Exhibitions, Lectures, &c., &c. ; holds weekly meetings of its
Polytechnic and Farmers' Clubs. President, HORACE GREELEY ; Corresponding Secretary,
SAMUEL D. TILLMAN. Annual meeting, 1st Thursday in February ; annual election, 2d Thurs
day in February. Location, (temporary), in Cooper Institute building.
American Institute of Instruction ; President, JOHN KNEELAND, Boston ; Secretary, D. W.
JONES, Boston. Last annual meeting at Pittsfield, Mass., Aug. 1868.
American Medical Convention ; President, Dr. WILLIAM O. BALDWIN, of Alabama. Next
meeting in New Orleans, May, 1869.
American Missionary Association, 53 John St., New York : President, E. W. KIRK, D. D. ;
Secretary, Rev. GEORGE WHIPPLE. Last meeting at Springfield, Oct. 28, 1868.
American Sunday School Union, 1122 Chestnut St., Philadelphia; Secretary, AUSTIN ALLI-
BONE, Esq.
American Seamen's Friend Society, 80 Wall St., New York; President, WILLIAM A. BOOTH;
Secretary, II. LOOMIS, D. D. Next meeting Monday preceding 2d Thursday in May.
American Social Science Association ; President, SAMUEL ELLIOTT, Boston ; Secretary, Mrs.
SAJIUEL PARKMAN. Last meeting at Boston, Oct. 14, 1868.
American Society for Meliorating the condition of the Jews, 23 Bible House, New York ;
Secretary, A. MERWIN.
American Tract Society, 150 Nassau St., New York ; Secretary, WILLIAM A. HALLECK, D. D.
Next meeting Wednesday preceding 2d Thursday in May, 1869.
American Tract Society at Boston, 28 Cornhill ; Secretary, W. C. CHILDS, D. D. Next meet
ing last Wednesday in May, at Boston.
African M. E. General Conference ; Last meeting in May, at Washington.
Association of National Board of Trade; President, E. W. Fox of St. Louis; Secretary, H.
A. HILL, Boston. Next meeting at St. Louis, Feb. 19, 1869.
Board of Foreign Missions of Presbyterian Church, 23 Centre St., New York; Secretary, Rev.
JOHN C. LOWRIE.
Domestic Mission German Reform Church, 493 North 4th St., Philadelphia ; President, J. H.
A. BOMBERGER, D. D. ; Secretary, Rev. S. H. GIESY.
Diocesan Synod of the Roman Catholic Church; last session in New York, Sept. 29, 1868,
Archbishop MCCLOSKEY presiding.
224 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Foreign Mission Reform Presbyterian Church, 636 North 17th St., Philadelphia; Rev. S. O.
WYLIE, Chairman.
General Convention Protestant Episcopal Church. Next meeting 1st Wednesday in Oct., 1869.
General Assembly Presbyterian Church. Next meeting 3d Thursday in May, 1869.
General Conference Methodist Episcopal Church, quadrennially in May. Last meeting in
Chicago, May, 1868.
General Synod Reformed Dutch Church. Next meeting 1st Wednesday in June.
General Synod Evangelical Lutheran Church. Next meeting at Cincinnati, 2d Thursday in
May, 1869. General Lutheran Societies at the same time and place.
Hicksite Division of the Society of Friends ; last annual meeting at New York, May 1868.
Intel-national Labor Congress ; President, WILLIAM H. SYLVIS, Philadelphia ; Secretary,
JOHN VINCENT, New York. Annual meeting 1st Monday in Oct.
Intel-national Commercial Convention. Last meeting at Portland, Maine, Aug. 5, 1868.
Liberal Christian Union ; President, Rev. A. P. PUTNAM ; Corresponding Secretary, WILLIAM
MELLEX ; last meeting, May 6, 1868, at New York.
Missionary Board of the M. E. Church South ; last meeting at Louisville, Ivy., Bishop PIERCE
presiding, May 7, 1868 ; next meeting in St. Louis.
Manufacturers1 National Convention.
Missionary Society of the M. E. Church, 35 Union Place, New York ; President, Rev. Bishop
MOKRIS; Corresponding Secretary, Rev. JOKX P. DITRBIN.
National Temperance Society, 172 William St., New York, incorporated Jan. 1, 1866; Presi
dent, WILLIAM E. DODGE ; Secretary, Rev. J. B. DUNN ; next annual meeting, first Wednesday
in May, 1869.
National Division of Sona of Temperance ; M. W. P., ROBERT M. FOUST ; M. W. Scribe, SAM'L
W. HODGES ; next meeting at Washington, D. C., June 9, 1869.
National Christian Convention; President, Bishop DAVID EDWARDS, of Ohio; Secretary, Rev.
A. A. PHELPS, A. M. ; next annual meeting at Oberlin, Ohio.
National Christian Convention ; President, Rev. Dr. HOWARD CROSBY; Secretary, J. B. TYLER
of New York ; last meeting at New York, Nov. 11, 1868.
National Association of Cotton Manufacturers and Planters ; President, A. A. LAAVRENCE
of Boston ; last meeting in Boston, June 10, 1868.
National Institute of Letters, Arts and Sciences; President, WM. CULLEN BRYANT, New
York; Secretary, CHAS. A. JOY, New York ; last meeting at New York, June 11, 1868.
National Board of Fire Underwriters; President, JAS. M. MCLEAN; Secretary, W. CONNOR;
next meeting, third Wednesday in April, 1869.
North American Saengerbund ; last festival at Chicago, June 17, 1868.
Protestant Episcopal Convention; last meeting at Newark, N. J., May 28, 1808.
Presbyterian General Assembly South ; next meeting at Mobile, Alabama, third Thursday
in May, 1869.
Presbyterian Assembly, Old School ; last meeting at Albany, May, 1868.
Presbyterian Assembly, New School ; last meeting at Harrisburg, Pa., May, 1S68.
Right Worthy Grand Lodge of Good Templars; Templar, Mr. ORME of Massachusetts; Sec
retary, Mr. SPENCER of Ohio ; last meeting at Richmond, Ind., May 26, 1868.
Seamen's Protective Union; Mr. ALLEN, Chairman; last meeting held in New York, March
19, 1868.
Turners1 National Convention ; President, FRANZ LACKNER of Chicago ; Secretary, HENRY
HUIIN of Washington ; last meeting, May 3, 1868, at Boston.
The Schutzenfest ; last meeting at New York, June 29— July 7, 1868.
Western Social Science Association ; Chairman, Hon. SHARON TYNDALE ; last meeting at
Chicago, Nov. 10, 1868.
Working Women's Association ; organized Sept. 17, 1865 ; President, Mrs. ANNA TOBITT ;
Secretary, ELIZABETH C. BROWNE.
Working Woman's Protective Union, 44 Franklin St., New York; President, CHARLES P.
P. DALY ; Secretary, WM. B. CROSBY.
Woolen Manufacturer's Association of the North- West; President, GEORGE S. BOWEN; Sec
retary, JESSE MCALLISTER; next meeting, first Wednesday in February, 1869.
Working Women's National Association, New York ; President, Miss SUSAN B. ANTHONY,
Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. CELIA BURLEIGII.
Young Men's Christian Association International Convention ; President, H. THANE MILLER,
Cincinnati ; Secretary, F. H. SMITH, Washington ; Thirteenth annual meeting at Detroit, June
24, 1868.
1869.] PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS. 225
PROCEEDINGS OP CONGRESS.
The first session of the fortieth Congress was much occupied with ques
tions growing out of the relations of the government to the Southern states,
and these or similar questions again came up for consideration and action at
the session which commenced December 2, 1867. The bill conferring addi
tional civil rights on the negro in the District of Columbia which passed both
Houses in July, 1867, but failed to receive the approval of the President, was
passed in the Senate on the 5th and in the House on the 9th of December,
by large majorities in each branch.
A bill abolishing the internal revenue tax on cotton, and another suspend
ing the further contraction of the currency, passed the House, the first on
the 4th and the last on the 7th of December; both afterwards passed the
Senate,
Various subjects of general or local interest were introduced, but the
questions which awakened the deepest interest in the country and received
the greatest attention during the session, were those relating to the Impeach
ment of the President, Reconstruction of the Southern States, and the
Finances.
IMPEACHMENT TRIAL.
The subject of the impeachment of the President had been agitated at
different times during 1867. On the 7th of January, Mr. Ashley of Ohio, in
the House of Representatives, introduced the following proposition :
"I do impeach Andrew Johnson, Vice-President and acting President of the United States,
of high crimes and misdemeanors.
'I charge him with a usurpation of power and violation of law:
' In that he has corruptly used the appointing power ;
' In that he has corruptly used the pardoning power ;
' In that he has corruptly used the veto power ;
'In that he has corruptly disposed of public property of the United States ;
'In that he has corruptly interfered in elections, and committed acts which, in contemplation
of the Constitution, are high crimes and misdemeanors : Therefore,
"Be it resolved, That the Committee on the Judiciary he, and they are hereby, authorized to
inquire huo the official conduct of Andrew Johnson, Vice-President of the United States, dis
charging the powers and duties of the office of President of the United States, and to report to
this House whether, in their opinion, the said Andrew Johnson, while in said office, has been
guilty of acts which are designed or calculated to overthrow, subvert or corrupt the Govern
ment of the United States, or any department or office thereof; and whether the said Andrew
Johnson has been guilty of any act, or has conspired with others to do acts, which, in contem
plation of the Constitution, are high crimes and misdemeanors, requiring the interposition of
the constitutional power of this House ; and that said committee have power to send for per
sons and papers, and to administer the customary oath to witnesses."
This resolution was adopted, by a vote of 107 to 38.
The Judiciary Committee reported to the House on the 2d of March, that
it had not concluded the investigation, but that in the opinion of the ma
jority (eight to one) " sufficient testimony had been brought to the notice
of the committee to justify and demand a further prosecution of the inves
tigation." This report was signed by Messrs. James F. Wilson, Francis
Thomas, D. Morris, F. E. Woodbridge, Geo. S. Boutwell, Thomas Williams,
Burton C. Cook, and William Lawrence. Mr. A. J. Rogers presented a
minority report, in which he stated that there was no " evidence to sustain
15
226 TnE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
any of the charges which the House charged the committee to investigate,"
and that he could see " no good in a continuation of the investigation."
The reports were laid on the table, and ordered to "be printed. The thirty-
ninth Congress closed its session on the 4th of March, and the fortieth Con
gress commenced the same day.
On the 7th of March, the Judiciary Committee were instructed to continue
the investigation, which it did, and on the 25th of November, again re
ported ; the majority, Messrs. Boutwell, Thomas, Williams, Lawrence, and
Churchill in favor of impeachment, the other members in two separate mi
nority reports, opposed thereto. Debate on these reports began in the House
on the 5th of December, and was continued until the 7th, when the impeach
ment resolution was lost by a vote of 57 to 108.
On the 10th of February, 1868, on motion of Mr. Thaddeus Stevens, the
evidence taken on impeachment by the committee on the Judiciary, was re
ferred to the Committee on Reconstruction, and the committee had leave to
report at any time. Feb. 21, the subject was again introduced, when Mr.
Covode of Pennsylvania offered the following resolution :
Resolved, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high
crimes and misdemeanors.
This resolution was referred to the Committee on Reconstruction, together
with the following coHnnunications, which had been laid before the House
by the speaker :
WAR DEPARTMENT, \
WASHINGTON CITY, Feb. -21, 1868. )
SIR,— Gen. Thomas has just delivered to me a copy of the inclosed order, which you will
please communicate to the House of Representatives. Your obedient servant,
EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.
To the Hon. Schuyler Colfax, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, i
WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. 21, 1868. f
SIR, — By virtue of the power and authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, you are hereby removed from office as Secretary of War, and your
functions as such will terminate upon receipt of this communication.
You will transfer to Brevet Major-Gen. Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General of the Army, who
has this day been authorized to act as Secretary of War ad interim, all records, books, papers,
and other public property now in your custody and charge. Respectfully yours,
ANDREW JOHNSON, President.
To the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Washington, D. C.
The same day a resolution from the Senate relating to the removal of Mr.
Stanton. was delivered to the President. It read as follows :
IN EXECUTIVE SESSION, )
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, Feb. 21, 1868. f
WHEREAS, The Senate have read and considered the communication of the President, stating
that he had removed Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War. and had designated the Adjutant-
General of the Army to act as Secretary of War ad interim ; therefore,
Resolved, By the Senate of the United States, that under the Constitution and laws of the
United States the President has no power to remove the Secretary of War and designate any
other officer to perform the duties of that officer ad interim.
Feb. 22, the Committee on Reconstruction, through their chairman, Mr.
Stevens, made a report, in which, after alluding to the matters referred to
the committee, they say :
1869.] IMPEACHMENT TRIAL. 227
Upon the evidence collected by the committee, which is hereafter presented, and in virtue of
the powers with which they have been invested by the House, they are of the opinion that
Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misde
meanors. They, therefore, recommend to the House the adoption of the accompanying reso
lution :
THADDEUS STEVENS, GEORGE S. BOUTWELL, JOHN A. BINGHAM,
F. C. BBAMAN, C. T. HULBURD, JOHN F. FARNSWORTH,
H. E. PAINE.
Resolved, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high
crimes and misdemeanors.
The report was discussed in the House, February 22, until 11 P. M., and
resumed on Monday, the 24th, when, at the close of the discussion, the reso
lution was adopted — yeas, 128, nays, 47.
Messrs. Thaddeus Stevens and John A. Bingham were appointed to notify
the Senate, and another committee, consisting of Messrs. Boutwell, Thad
deus Stevens, Bingham, James F. Wilson, Logan, Julian, and Ward, was
also appointed to prepare and report Articles of Impeachment. On the fol
lowing day, February 25, Messrs. Stevens and Bingham appeared at the bar
of the Senate and delivered the following message :
"Mr. PRESIDENT,— By order of tlie House of Representative, we appear at the bar of the Senate,
and in the na?m of the House of Representatives and of all the people of the United States, we do
impeach Andrew .Johnson, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors in
office ; and we further inform the Senate that the House of Representatives will in due time exhibit
particular articles of impeachment against him, and make good the same ; and in their name we
demand that the Senate take due order for the appearance of the said Andrew Johnson, to answer
to the said Impeachment"
The message was referred by the Senate to a select committee, and the
chair appointed Messrs. Howard, Trumbull, Conkling, Edmunds, Morton,
Pomeroy and Johnson. This committee reported rules to govern the Senate
in the impeachment trial, which were adopted March 2. The House of
Representatives, on the same day, adopted Articles of Impeachment.
Articles exhibited by the House of Representatives of the United States, in the name
and all the people of the United States, against Andrew Johnson, President of the United States,
in maintenance and support of tlieir impeachment against him for high crimes and misdemean
ors in office.
ARTICLE I. That the said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 21st day
of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, unmind
ful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office, antj of the requirements of the Consti
tution that he should take care that the laws be faithfully executed, did unlawfully, and in vio
lation of the Constitution and laws of the United States, issue an order in writing for the re
moval of Edwin M. Stanton from the office of Secretary for the Department of War, said Edwin
M. Stanton having been theretofore duly appointed and commissioned, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate of the United States, as such Secretary, and said Andrew Johnson,
President of the United States, on the 12th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1867, and
during the recess of said Senate, having suspended by his order Edwin M. Stanton from said
office, and within twenty days after the first day of the next meeting of said Senate, that is to
say, on the 12th day of December, in the year last aforesaid, having reported to said Senate such
suspension with the evidence and reasons for his action in the case and the name of the person
designated to perform the duties of such office temporarily until the next meeting of the Senate,
and said Senate thereafterwards on the 13th day of January in the year of our Lord 1868, having
duly considered the evidence and reasons reported by said Andrew Johnson for said suspen
sion, and having refused to concur in said suspension, whereby and by force of the provisions
of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867,
said Edwin M. Stanton did forthwith resume the functions of his office, whereof the said An
drew Johnson had then and there due notice, and said Edwin M. Stanton, by reason of the
223 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
premises, on said 21st day of February, "being lawfully entitled to hold said office of Secretary
for the Department of War, which said order for the removal of said Edwin M. Stanton is in
substance as follows that is to say :
EXECUTIVE MANSION, |
WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. 21, 1808. j
SIR,— By virtue of the power and authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, you are hereby removed from office as Secretary for the Department
of War, and your functions as such will terminate upon ueceipt of this communication.
You will transfer to Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant General of the Army,
who has this day been authorized and empowered to act as Secretary of War ad interim, all
records, books, papers, and other public property now in your custody and charge.
Respectfully yours,
ANDREW JOHNSON.
To the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Washington, D. C.
Which order was unlawfully issued with intent then and there to violate the act entitled "An
act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices,1' passed March 2, 1867, and with the further in
tent, contrary to the provisions of said act, in violation thereof, and contrary to the provisions
of the Constitution of the United States, and without the advice and consent of the Senate of
the United States, the said Senate then and there being in session, to remove said Edwin M.
Stanton from the office of Secretary for the Department of War, the said Edwin M. Stanton
being then and there Secretary for the Department of War, and being then and there in the due
and lawful execution and discharge of the duties of said office, whereby said Andrew Johnson,
President of the United States, did then and there commit, and was guilty of a high misde
meanor in office.
ARTICLE II. That on the said 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, said Andrew John
son, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of
office, and in violation of the Constitution of the United States, and contrary to the provisions
of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2,
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, without the advice and consent of the Senate of the United
States, said Senate then and there being in session, and without authority of law, did, with in
tent to violate the Constitution of the United States, and the act aforesaid, issue and deliver to
one Lorenzo Thomas a letter of authority in substance as follows, that is to say :
EXECUTIVE MANSION, |
WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. 21, 1868. j
SIR,— The Hon. Edwin M. Stanton having been this day removed from office as Secretary for
the Department of War, you are hereby authorized and empowered to act as Secretary of War
ad interim, and will immediately enter upon the discharge of the duties pertaining to that office.
Mr. Stanton has been instructed to transfer to you all the records, books, papers, and other
public property now in his custody and charge.
Respectfully yours,
ANDREW JOHNSON.
To Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.
Then and there being no vacancy In said office of Secretary for the Department of War, where
by said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit and was
guilty of a high misdemeanor in office.
ARTICLE III. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 21st day of
February, in the year of our Lord fi368, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did commit
and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office, in this, that, without authority of law, while
the Senate of the United States was then and there in session, he did appoint one Lorenzo
Thomas to be Secretary for the Department of War ad interim, without the advice and consent
of the Senate, and with intent to violate the Constitution of the United States, no vacancy hav
ing happened in said office of Secretary for the Department, of War during the recess of the
Senate, and no vacancy existing in said office at the time, and which said appointment so made
by said Andrew Johnson, of said Lorenzo Thomas, is m substance as follows, that is to say :
(Same as above).
ARTICLE IV. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the
high duties of his office and of his oath of office, in violation of the Constitution and laws of
the United States, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, m
the District of Columbia, did unlawfully conspire with one Lorenzo Thomas, and with other
persons to the House of Representatives unknown, with intent, by intimidation and threats,
unlawfully to hinder and prevent Edwin M. Stanton, then and there the Secretary for the De
partment of War, duly appointed under the laws of the United States, from holding said office
of Secretary for the Department of War, contrary to and in violation of the Constitution of the
1369.] IMPEACHMENT TRIAL. 309
United States, and of the provisions of an act entitled "An act to define and punish certain
conspiracies," approved July 31, 1861, whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high crime in office.
ARTICLE V. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the
high duties of his office and of his oath of office, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our
Lord 1868, and on divers other days and times in said year, before the 2d day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did unlawfully conspire with
one Lorenzo Thomas, and with other persons to the House of Representatives unknown, to
prevent and hinder the execution of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain
civil offices,11 passed March 2, 1867, and in pursuance of said conspiracy did unlawfully attempt
to prevent Edwin M. Stanton, then and there being Secretary for the Department of War, duly
appointed and commissioned under the laws of the United States, from holding said office,
whereby the said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit
and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office.
ARTICLE VI. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the
high duties of his office and of his oath of office, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our
Lord 18G8, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did unlawfully conspire with one Lo
renzo Thomas, by force to seize, take and possess the property of the United States in the De
partment of War, and then and there in the custody and charge of Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary
for said Department, contrary to the provisions of an act entitled "An act to define and punish
certain conspiracies,'1 approved July 31, 1861, and with intent to violate and disregard an act
entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices,11 passed March 2, 1867, whereby
said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit a high crime
in office.
ARTICLE VII. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the
high duties of his office and of his oath of office, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our
Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did unlawfully conspire with one Lo
renzo Thomas, with intent unlawfully to seize, take and possess the property of the United
States in the Department of War, in the custody and charge of Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary
for said Department, with intent to violate and disregard the act entitled "An act regulating
the tenure of certain civil offices,11 passed March 2, 1867, whereby said Andrew Johnson, Presi
dent of the United States, did then and there commit a high misdemeanor in office.
ARTICLE VIII. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the
high duties of his office and of his oath of office, with intent unlawfully to control the disburse
ments of the moneys appropriated for the military service and for the Department of War, on
the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Colum
bia, did unlawfully and contrary to the provisions of an act entitled "An act regulating the
tenure of certain civil offices,11 passed March 2, 1867, and in violation of the Constitution of the
United States, and without the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, and
while the Senate was then and there in session, there being no vacancy in the office of Secretary
for the Department of War, and with intent to violate and disregard the act aforesaid, then and
there issue and deliver to one Lorenzo Thomas a letter of authority in writing, in substance as
follows, that is to say : (Same as foregoing). Whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the
United States, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office.
ARTICLE IX. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 22d day of
February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, in disre
gard of the Constitution and the laws of the United States duly enacted, as commander-in-chief
of the army of the L'nited States, did bring before himself then and there William H. Emory,
a major general by brevet in the army of the United States, actually in command of the depart
ment of Washington and the military forces thereof, and did then and there, as such comman
der-in-chief, declare to and instruct said Emory that part of a law of the United States, passed
March 2, 1867, entitled "An act making appropriations for the support of the army for the year
ending June 30, 1868, and for other purposes," especially the second section thereof, which pro
vided, among other things, that, "all orders and instructions relating to military operations
issued by the President or Secretary of War, shall be issued through the General of the army,
and in case of his inability through the next in rank," was unconstitutional, and in contraven
tion of the commission of said Emory, and which said provision of law had been theretofore
duly and legally promulgated by General Order for the government and direction of the army
of the United States, as the said Andrew Johnson then and there well knew, with intent there
by to induce said Emory in his official capacity as commander of the department of Washington,
to violate the provisions of said act, and to take and receive, act upon, and obey such orders as
230 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
he, the said Andrew Johnson, might make and give, and which should not he issued through
the General of the army of the United States, according to the provisions of said act, and with
the further intent thereby to enable him, the said Andrew Johnson, to prevent the execution
of the act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867,
and to unlawfully prevent Edwin M. Stanton, then being Secretary for the Department of War,
from holding said office and discharging the duties thereof, whereby said Andrew Johnson,
President of the United States, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high misdemeanor
in office.
And the House of Representatives, by protestation, saving to themselves the liberty of ex
hibiting at any time hereafter any further articles or other accusation, or impeachment against
the said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, and also of replying to his answers
which he shall make unto the articles herein preferred against him, and of offering proof to the
same, and every part thereof, and to all and every other article, accusation, or impeachment
which shall be exhibited by them, as the case shall require, DO DEMAND that the said Andrew
Johnson may be put to answer the high crimes and misdemeanors in office herein charged
against him, and that such proceedings, examinations, trials, and judgments may be thereupon
had and given as may be agreeable to law and justice.
• March 3, the following additional articles of impeachment were agreed
to, viz. :
ARTICLE X. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the
high duties of his office and the dignity and proprieties thereof, and of the harmony and cour
tesies which ought to exist and be maintained between the executive and legislative branches
of the government of the United States, designing and intending to set aside the rightful au
thority and powers of Congress, did attempt to bring into disgrace, ridicule, hatred, contempt
and reproach the Congress of the United States, and the several branches thereof, to impair and
destroy the regard and respect of all the good people of the United States for the Congress and
legislative power thereof, (which all officers of the Government ought inviolably to preserve
and maintain), and to excite the odium and resentment of all the good people of the United
States against Congress and the laws by it duly and constitutionally enacted ; and in pursuance
of his said design and intent, openly and publicly, and before divers assemblages of the citizens
of the United States convened in divers parts thereof to meet and receive said Andrew Johnson
as the Chief Magistrate of the United States, did, on the 18th day of August, in the year of our
Lord 1806, and on divers other days and times, as well before as afterward, make and deliver
with a loud voice certain intemperate, inflammatory, and scandalous harangues, and did therein
utter loud threats and bitter menaces as well against Congress as the laws of the United States
duly enacted thereby, amid the cries, jeers and laughter of the multitudes then assembled and
in hearing, which are set forth in the several specifications hereinafter written, in substance
and effect, that is to say :
SPECIFICATION FIRST. In this, that at Washington, in the District of Columbia, in the Ex
ecutive Mansion, to a committee of citizens who called upon the President of the United States,
speaking of and concerning the Congress of the United States, said Andrew Johnson, President
of the United States, heretofore, to wit, on the 18th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1866,
did, in a loud voice, declare in substance and effect, among other things, that is to say :
" So far as the executive department of the government is concerned, the effort has been made
to restore the Union, to heal the breach, to pour oil into the wounds which were consequent
upon the struggle, and (to speak in common phrase) to prepare as the learned and wise physician
would, a plaster healing in character and coextensive with the wound. We thought, and we
think, that we had partially succeeded ; but as the work progresses, as reconstruction seemed
to be taking place, and the country was becoming reunited, we found a disturbing and marring
element opposing us. In alluding to that element. I shall go no further than your convention
and the distinguished gentleman who has delivered to me the report of its proceedings. I shall
make no reference to it that I do not believe the time and the occasion justify.
"We have witnessed in one department of the Government every endeavor to prevent the
restoration of peace, harmony, and Union. We have seen hanging upon the rerge of the
Government, as it were, a body called, or which assumes to be, the Congress of the United
States, while in fact it is a Congress of only a part of the States. We have^seen this Congress
pretend to be for the Union, when its every step and act tended to perpetuate disunion and
make a disruption of the States inevitable. * * * \ye nave geen Congress gradually en
croach step by stej) upon constitutional rights, and violate, day after day and month after month,
fundamental principles of the government. We have seen a Congress that seemed to forget
that there was a limit to the sphere and scope of legislation. We have seen a Congress in a
minority assume to exercise power which, allowed to be consummated, would result in despot
ism or monarchy itself."
1869.] IMPEACHMENT TRIAL. 231
SPECIFICATION' SECOND. In this, that at Cleveland, in the State of Ohio, heretofore, to wit,
on the 3d day of September, in the year of our Lord 1SGG, before a public assemblage of citizens
and others, said Andrew Johnson, President of the Ignited States, speaking of and concerning
the Congress of the United States, did, in a loud voice, declare in substance and effect, among
other things, that is to say :
"I will tell you what I did do. I called upon your Congress, that is trying to break up the
government. ****************
"In conclusion, beside that. Congress had taken much pains to poison their constituents
against him. But what had Congress done ? Have they done anything to restore the union of
these States ? No ; on the contrary, they had done everything to prevent it ; and because he
stood now where he did when the rebellion commenced, he had been denounced as a traitor.
Who had run greater risks or made greater sacrifices than himself? But Congress, factious and
domineering, had undertaken to poison the minds of the American people."
SPECIFICATION THIRD. In this, that at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, heretofore, to wit,
on the 8th day of September, in the year of our Lord 18GG, before a public assemblage of citi
zens and others, said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, speaking of and con
cerning the Congress of the United States, did, in a loud voice, declare, in substance and effect,
among other things, that is to say :
" Go on. Perhaps if you had a word or two on the subject of New Orleans you might under
stand more about it than you do. And if you will g^o back — if you will go back and ascertain
the cause of the riot at New Orleans perhaps you will not be so prompt in calling out ' New Or
leans.1 If you will take up the riot at New Orleans, and trace it back to its source or its imme
diate cause, you will find out who was responsible for the blood that was shed there. If you
will take up the riot at New Orleans and trace it back to the radical Congress, you will find that
the riot at New Orleans was substantially planned. If you will take up the proceedings in their
caucuses you will understand that they there knew that a convention was to be called which
was extinct by its power having expired ; that it was said that the intention was that a new
government was to be organized, and on the organization of that government the intention was
to enfranchise one portion of the population, called the colored population, who had just been
emancipated, and at the same time disfranchise white men. When you design to talk about
New Orleans, you ought to understand what you are talking about. "W hen you read the speeches
that were made, and take up the facts on the Friday and Saturday before that convention sat,
you will there find that speeches were made incendiary in their character, exciting that portion
of the population, the black population, to arm themselves and prepare for the shedding of
blood. You will also find that that convention did assemble in violation of law, and the inten
tion of that convention was to supersede the reorganized authorities in the State government
of Louisiana, which had been recognized by the Government of the United States ; and every
man engaged in that rebellion in that convention, with the intention of superseding and up
turning the civil government which had been recognized by the Government of the United
States, I say that he was a traitor to the Constitution of the United States, and hence you find
that another rebellion was commenced, having Us origin in the radical Conqrew. * * *
" So much for the New Orleans riot. And there was the cause and the origin of the blood
that was shed : and every drop of blood that was shed is upon their skirts, and they are respon
sible for it. I could test this thing a little closer,'but will not do it here to-night. But when
you talk about the causes and consequences that resulted from proceedings of that kind, per
haps, as I have been introduced here, and you have provoked questions of this kind, though it
does not provoke me, I will tell you a few wholesome things that have been done by this radi
cal Congress in connection with New Orleans and the extension of the elective franchise.
" I know that I have been traduced and abused. I know it has come in advance of me here
as elsewhere — that I have attempted to exercise an arbitrary power in resisting laws that were
intended to be forced upon the Government; that I had exercised that power; that I had
abandoned the party that elected me, and that I was a traitor, because I exercised the veto
power in attempting, and did arrest for a time, a bill that was called a 'Freedmen's Bureau'
bill ; yes, that I was a traitor. And I have been traduced, I have been slandered, I have been
maligned, I have been called Judas Iscariot, and all that. Now, my countrymen, here to-night,
it is very easy to indulge in epithets ; it is easy to call a man Judas and cry out traitor, but
when he is called upon to give arguments and facts, he is very often found wanting. Judas Is
cariot — Judas. There was a Judas, and he was one of the twelve Apostles. Oh ! yes, the
twelve Apostles had a Christ. The twelve Apostles had a Christ, and he never could have had
a Judas unless he had had twelve Apostles. If I have played the Judas, who has, been my
Christ that I have played the Judas with ? Was it Thacl. Stevens ? Was it Wendell Phillips ?
Was it Charles Sumrie'r ? These are the men that stop and compare themselves with the Sav
iour ; and everybody that differs with them in opinion, and to try to stay and arrest their dia
bolical and nefarious policy, is to be denounced as a Judas. *******
" Well, let me say to you, if you will stand by me in this action, if you will stand by me in
trying to give the people a fair chance — soldiers and citizens — to participate in these offices,
God being willing, I will kick them out. I will kick them out just as fast as I can.
u Let me say to you, in concluding, that what I have said I intended to say. I was not pro
voked into this, and I care not for their menaces, the taunts, and the jeers. I care not for
threats. I do not intend to be bullied by my enemies nor overawed by my friends. But, God
willing, with your help, I will veto their measures whenever any of them come to me."
Which said utterances, declarations, threats, and harangues, highly censurable in any, are
peculiarly indecent and unbecoming in the Chief Magistrate of the United States, by means
232 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
whereof said Andrew Johnson has brought the high office of the President of the United States
into contempt, ridicule, and disgrace, to the great scandal of all good citizens, whereby said
Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did commit, and was then and there guilty
of a high misdemeanor in office.
ARTICLE XI. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the
high duties of his office, and of his oath of office, and in disregard of the Constitution and laws
of the United States, did, heretofore, to wit, on the 18th day of August, A. D. 1806, at the city
of Washington, and the District of Columbia, by public speech, declare and affirm, in substance,
that the Thirty-Ninth Congress of the United States was not a Congress of the United States
authorized by the Constitution to exercise legislative power under the same, but, on the con
trary, was a Congress of only part of the States, thereby denying, and intending to deny, that
the legislation of said Congress was valid or obligatory upon him, the said Andrew Johnson,
except in so far as he saw fit to approve the same, and also thereby denying, and intending to
deny, the power of the said Thirty-Ninth Congress to propose amendments to the Constitution
of the United States ; and, in pursuance of said declaration, the said Andrew Johnson, Presi
dent of the United States, afterwards, to wit, on the 21st day of February, A. D. 1868, at the
city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, did, unlawfully, and in disregard of the re
quirement of the Constitution, that he should take care that the laws be faithfully executed,
attempt to prevent the execution of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain
civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, by unlawfully devising and contriving, and attempting to
devise and contrive means by which he should prevent Edwin M. Stanton from forthwith re
suming the functions of the office of Secretary for the Department of War, notwithstanding
the refusal of the Senate to concur in the suspension theretofore made by said Andrew Johnson
of said Edwin M. Stanton from said office of Secretary for the Department of War; and, also,
by further unlawfully devising and contriving, and attempting to devise and contrive, means,
then and there, to prevent the execution of an act entitled "An act making appropriations
for the support of the army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, and for other purposes,"
approved March 2, 1S67; and, also, to prevent the execution of an act entitled "An act to
provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, whereby
the said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then, to wit, on the 21st day
of February, A. D. 1868, at the city of Washington, commit, and was guilty of, a high misde
meanor in office.
The vote on these articles was as follows : On the first, sixth, seventh and
eighth, yeas 127, nays 42; on the second and third, yeas 124, nays, 41 ; on the
fourth, yeas 117, nays 40 ; on the ninth, yeas 108, nays 41 ; on the tenth, yeas
88, nays 44 ; on the eleventh, yeas 109, nays 32.
Messrs. John A. Bingham, George S. Boutwell, James F. Wilson, Benjamin
F. Butler, Thomas Williams, John A. Logan and Thaddeus Stevens were
elected managers to conduct the impeachment, and they presented the fore
going Articles to the Senate, March 4. On the 5th, the Senate was organized
as a Court of Impeachment, Chief Justice Chase presiding, and on the 7th,
the summons requiring the President to appear and answer the articles, was
served upon him. He employed as counsel, Messrs. Henry Stanberry, B. R.
Curtis, Thomas A. R. Nelson, William M. Evarts and W. S. Groesbeck. His
counsel entered his appearance the 13th, and on the 23d, returned answer to
the articles. The replication of the managers was presented on the 24th,
and on Monday, March 30, the trial began, Mr. Butler making the opening
argument on the part of the managers. The testimony on the part of the
prosecution was then introduced, occupying the time until April 4, when at
the request of the President's counsel, the case was adjourned until April 9.
Mr. Curtis then made the opening argument for the defense, concluding on
the 10th, and the testimony introduced on the part of the President occu
pied the time until April 18. Further testimony was introduced by both
sides, and the argument began April 22, when Mr. Boutwell on the part of
1869.] RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. 233
the managers commenced to sum up the case. The arguments of both sides
were concluded May 6. The next two days were spent by the Senate in
deliberation, determining rules, form of questions, &c. The final vote was
to have been taken May 12, but in consequence of the illness of a Senator,
it was deferred until the 16th. It was then ordered that a vote be taken on
the eleventh article first. The vote was "guilty," 35, "not guilty," 19, as
follows :
For Convictioij. Messrs. Anthony, Cameron, Cattell, Chandler, Cole, Conkling, Conness,
Corbett, Cragin, Drake, Edmunds, Ferry, Frelinghuysen, Harlan, Howard, Howe, Morgan,
Morrill (Me.), Morrill (Vt.), Morton, Nye, Patterson (N. H.), Pomeroy, Ramsey, Sherman,
Sprague, Stewart, Sumner, Thayer, Tipton, Wade, Willey, Williams, Wilson, Yates.
For Acquittal. Messrs. Bayard, Buckalew, Davis, Dixon, Doolittle, Fessenden, Fowler,
Grimes, Henderson, Hendricks, Johnson, McCreery, Norton, Patterson (Term.), Ross, Saulsbury,
Trumbull, Van Winkle, Vickers.
May 26, the second and third articles were voted upon with the same re
sult as on the eleventh, when a motion was made and carried that the Court
adjourn sine die. Judgment of acquittal was then entered by the Chief Jus
tice on the three articles voted upon, and the Senate sitting as a Court of
Impeachment was declared adjourned without day.
RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN STATES.
The Thirty -ninth Congress by act of March 2, 1867, provided a government
for the insurrectionary States by dividing them into military districts, and
making them subject to the military authority of the United States. For
this purpose, Virginia constituted the 1st District, North Carolina and South
Carolina the 2d, Georgia, Alabama and Florida the 3d, Mississippi and Ark
ansas the 4th, and Louisiana and Texas the 5th. To each of these Districts
a General of the Army was assigned, with a sufficient military force to pro
tect all persons in their rights of person and property, to suppress insurrection,
disorder and violence, and to punish all disturbers of the public peace. The
act had also the following provisions :
When the people of any one of said Rebel States shall have formed a constitution and gov
ernment in conformity with the Constitution of the United States in all respects, framed by a
convention of delegates elected by the male citizens of said State 21 years old and upward, of
whatever race, color or previous condition, who have been resident in said State for one year
previous to the day of such election, except such as may be disfranchised for participation in
the Rebellion or for felony at common law, and when such constitution shall provide that the
elective franchise shall be enjoyed by all such persons as have the qualifications heroin stated
for electors of delegates, and when such constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the per
sons voting on the question of ratification who are qualified as electors for delegates, and. when
such constitution shall have been submitted to Congress for examination and approval, and
Congress shall have approved the same, and when said State by vote of its Legislature elected
under said constitution shall have adopted the Amendment to the Constitution of the United
States proposed by the XXXIXth Congress, and known as Article 14, and when said article shall
have become part of the Constitution of the United States, said State shall be declared entitled
to representation in Congress, and Senators and Representatives shall be admitted therefrom on
their taking the oath prescribed by law, and then and thereafter the preceding sections of this
act shall be inoperative in said State. Provided, That no person excluded from the privilege of
holding office by said proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States shall be
eligible to election as a member of the convention to frame a constitution for any of said Rebel
States, nor shall any such person vote for members of such convention.
SEC. 6. Until the people of the said Rebel States shall by law be admitted to representation
to the Congress of the United States, all civil governments that may exist therein shall be
234
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
deemed provisional only, and shall be in all respects subject to the paramount authority of the
United States, at any time to abolish, modify, control, and supersede the same, and in all elec
tions to any office under such provisional governments all persons shall be entitled to vote under
the provisions of the fifth section of this act. And no person shall be eligible to any office under
such provisional governments who would be disqualified from holding office under the provis
ions of the third article of said Constitutional Amendment.
Under this act, the President appointed as commanders of the Military
Districts: For the 1st, Major General John M. Schoficld ; for the 2d, Major
General Daniel E. Sickles; for the 3d, Major General John Pope ; for the 4th,
Major General E. O. C. Orel ; and for the 5th, Major General Philip H. Sher
idan. By order of the President, before the close of the year, most of these
commanders were removed and others appointed in their places.
A supplemental act of March 23, directed the commanding General in
each District to cause a registration to be made of the male citizens qualified
to vote by the provisions of the act. After the completion of the registra
tion, an election was held to choose delegates to a convention for the purpose
of establishing a constitution and civil government in each State, and also
to vote for or against a convention. Under these acts and a second supple
mentary reconstruction act of July 19, 18G7, and the amendatory act of March
11, 1868, Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina,
and South Carolina framed and adopted constitutions of State government,
and they were admitted to representation in Congress as States of the Union,
by the acts of June 22 and June 25, 1868. (For the Specific Acts admitting
these States, see "Public Acts," _pa<7<?246.) Soon after the passage of the above
acts, the commanders of the Military Districts in which these States were
situated, withdrew the military authority, and civil rule was again estab
lished. In most cases, to facilitate the inauguration of the executive officers
elected in the diiferent States, they were appointed by the military command
ers to the positions they were to occupy, before the meeting of the legisla
tures. The number registered in each State, and the election returns under
the reconstruction acts were as follows :
REGISTRATION OF VOTERS.
Whites. Colored. Total.
Alabama 01,293. . . .104,518. . . .165,813
Arkansas G0,831
Florida 11,914.... 16,089.... 28,003
Georgia 96,333. . . . 95.168. . . .191,501
Whites. Colored.
Mississippi
North Carolina . . . 106,721 .... 72,932 .
South Carolina... 46,882.... 80,550.
Texas 59,633.... 49,497.
Louisiana 45,218. . . . 84,436. . . .129,654 Virginia.
.120,101.... 105,832.
Total.
..139,690
..179,653
.127,432
..109,180
..225,933
VOTES ON CALLING CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS.
FOR CONVENTION.
AGAINST CONVENTION.
Alabama . . .
Whitej.
..18,553...
Colored.
...71,730..
Total.
. . . 90,283
Whites. Colored.
5,583
Total.
. 5.583. .
Total Vote.
... 96,806
Arkansas
27,576
. 13,558 .
... 41,134
Florida
Georgia
.. 1,220...
...32,000...
...13,080..
...70,283..
.... 14,300
....102,283
203
4,000 127...
... 203...
... 4,127...
... 14,503
...106,410
Louisiana
75,083
4,006.. .
... 79,174
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
..31,284...
2,350...
...61,722..
...60,418..
.... 69,739
.... 93,006
.... 68,768
32,961
2,278
... 6.277...
...32,961...
9 0~8
... 76,016
...125,967
... 71,046
Texas
7 757
36 932
44 689
10 622 818
11,440 .
. . 56,129
Virginia
..14,835...
...92,507..
....107,242
61,249 638...
...61,887...
...169,229
1809.] FINANCES. 335
VOTES ON RATIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONS RECOMMENDED' BY CONVENTIONS.
Adoption. Rejection. Total Vote. Date of Election.
Alabama 70.812 1,005 71,817 February 4, 18G8.
Arkansas 27,913 20,597 54,510 March 15, 18G8.
Florida 14,520 9,491 24,011 May 4, 18G8.
Georgia 89,007 71,309 100,316 April 20, 1868.
Louisiana 66,152 48,739 114,891 April 17, 1868.
North Carolina 93,084 74,015 167,099 April 21, 1868.
South Carolina 70,758 27,288 98,046 April 14, 1868.
Mississippi, Texas and Virginia having failed to comply with the require
ments of the reconstruction acts, have not been admitted to representation
in Congress. In Texas and in portions of other Southern States, the lawless
ness of some districts has required the presence of the military force of the
General Government to preserve peace and order. A special committee of
the Texas Constitutional Convention reported, July 21, 18G8, 1,035 homicides
committed in Texas in three years, of which 319 were committed in 18G8.
FINANCES.
During the year 1867, the aspect of the finances was much improved by
the consolidation of the public debt, and a reduction of its amount. From
December 1, 1866, to December 1, 1867, the Legal Tender notes had been re
duced upwards of $107,000,000 by a gradual contraction of the currency.
This measure had been urged by the Secretaiy of the Treasury in his report
as necessary for the maintenance of the credit of the government, and as
advantageous to the industrial and social interests of the country ; but a wide
difference of opinion existed both in the public mind and among members
of Congress, in regard to this policy. Some persons advocated, continued
contraction, while others opposed it ; the latter urging that there wTas no
excess of money in the country, all being needed for the movement of crops,
and the uses of healthful trade. One party favored the suppression of " Green
backs," or Government notes, while another advocated an increase of these
and a withdrawal of National Bank notes. Congress repealed the law giving
the Secretary power to reduce the currency, January 1, 1868.
A difference of opinion also existed in reference to the mode of payment of
the National loans, especially the bonds known as "Five-twTenties." There
were some who recommended the payment of the principal as it became due
in legal tender notes, while others urged that the faith of the nation was
pledged to the full payment of principal and interest in coin. Various meas
ures were brought before Congress, and the question entered very largely into
the discussion of political questions in the Presidential campaign of 1868,
but no decisive measures were passed by Congress.
The whole subject of Currency and Finance will be discussed in another
place, in a paper prepared expressly for this volume, and we simply add here
the following statistical tables. They serve to present the condition of the
finances of the country, and exhibit the changes in duties levied on leading
articles, the receipts and expenditures of the government, the public debt at
different dates, the kinds of United States bonds, the number and condition
of the National Banks, and the debts of the several States.
23G
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
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1869.] FINANCES. 337
II. RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OP THE TREASURY OF THE UNITED STATES
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR WHICH ENDED JUNE 30, 1868.
RECEIPTS.
Balance in the Treasury, July 1, 1867 $170,808,814.40
From Customs, (gold) $164,464,599.56
" Internal Revenue *191, 087,589.41
" Public Lands 1,348,715,41
" Direct Tax 1,788,145.85
" Miscellaneous sources, Premium on Gold, &c., (including
$7,078,203.42 for premium on 5-20 and 10-40 Bonds) 46,949,033.09
Total ordinary Receipts 405,r>38,083.32
" Loans 625,111,433.20
Total Receipts $1,201,618.330.92
EXPENDITURES.
For Civil Sen-ice $53,009,867.67
" Pensions and Indians 27,883,069.10
*• War, including Bounties , 123,246,648.62
" Navy 25,775,502.72
$229,915,08.811
" Interest on Public Debt 140,424,045.71
14 Premium ou Treasury Notes per Acts of June 30, 1864, and
March 3, 1865 7,001,151.04
" Redemption of Public Debt, exclusive of Interest 692,549,685.88
Total Expenditures $1,069,889,970.74
Amount transferred to Register $893,922.22
Balance in Treasury, June 30, 1868, agreeably to warrants 130,&34,437.96
131,728,360.18
$1,201,618,330.92
* The receipts from Internal Revenue were derived as follows :
From Taxes on Raw Cotton $22,500,947.77
'• " Distilled Liquors, (including $871,638 from apples,
peaches, and grapes) 14,280,730.98
" " Fermented Liquors 5,685,663.70
u " Tobacco, Cigars and Snuff 18,644,091.03
" " 'Manufactures of Iron 2,674,364.93
" Other Manufactures 36,488,709.81
$100,274,508.22
Sales $4,837,900.33
Sale? of Stamps 14,852,252.02
Taxes on Watches, Carriages, Silver Plate, Billiard Tables, 1,140,370.35
Special Taxes, (Licenses) 16,364,547.28
" Taxes on Incomes of Individuals, (including salaries, $1,-
043,561.40) 33,071,172.18
Incomes of Banks, Railroads and Insurance Co's.. 8,384,426.18
Gross receipts of Railroads, Telegraph and Express
Companies, &c 6,280,069.34
Bank circulation and deposits 1,866,745.55
Legacies and successions 2,823,411.24
Passports 28,280.00
Fines, Penalties, &c. . . 1,256,881.59
90,906,056.06
Total receipts during the fiscal year 1868 $101,180,664.98
[A discrepancy will be noticed between the amount received by the office of Internal Revenue
($101,180,564.28), and by the United States Treasury ($191,087,589). The difference is due to the
fact that the same receipts are not entered upon the books of the two offices on the same day].
238 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18(59.
IIL TABLE SHOWING THE ORDINARY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES of the
United States Treasury for the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1868, as
compared with those of the fiscal year 1867. [Prepared expressly for this
work, by EDWARD YOUNG].
RECEIPTS.
In the fiscal year 1867.
In the fiical year 1868.
Increase.
Decrease.
From Customs ("'old)
$176,417,810.88
$164 464,599.56
$11.953,211.32
" Internal Revenue
265 920 474 05
191 087 589 41
74,832,885 24
" Public Lands
1 163 575 76
1 3-18 715 41
$185 139 65
" Direct Tax
4,200,233.70
1 788 145 85
2,412,087.85
" Miscellaneous Sources
42,824,852.50
46,949,033.09
4,124,180.59
Net decrease, 17.3 per cent
$405,638,083.32
84 888 864 17
$4,309,320.24
84,888,864.17
$490,526,947.49
$490,520,947.49
$89,198,184.41
$89.198,184.41
EXPENDITURES.
In the fiscal year 1867.
In the fiscal year 1868.
Increase.
Decrease.
For Civil Service
$51,110,027.27
$53,009,867.67
$1,899,840.40
" Pensions and Indians
25 579 083 48
27 883 069.10
2 303 985 62
" War, including Bounties. . .
" Navy
" Interest on Public Debt
95,224,415.63
31,034,011.04
143 781 591 91
123,246,648.62
25,775,502.72
140,424,045.71
28,022,232.99
$5,258',5b8.33
3 357 546 20
" Premium on Treasury Notes
7,001,151.04
7,001,151.04
Net increase 8 8 per cent
30 611 155 53
30 611 155 53
$377.340.284.86
$377,340,284.86
$39,227,210.05
$39,227,210.05
IV. TABLE SHOWING THE ESTIMATED SALES OF MERCHANDISE, (exclusive
of sales by wholesale and retail liquor dealers, apothecaries, cattle-brokers,
&c.), in the following States, computed from the receipts of Internal Rev
enue in the fiscal year 1868.
STATES.
By Auctioneers.
By C'mercial Brokers.
By Wholesale Dealers.
By Retail Dealers.
New York
$60 868 240
$353 029 300
$2 318 451 070
$428 991 660
Massachusetts
15 295 530
55 991 180
822 675 740
186 846 408
Pennsylvania
23,417,390
49 303 920
5271405'()30
352 250 556
Illinois.
7,241,180
4882540
427 639 500
" 189 810 °92
Ohio
10,981,010
9,928,500
279,361,590
197 424 312
Maryland
3 105 280
26 071 200
16° 160 710
74 '()()"> 'ids
Missouri
13,853,290
5 767 120
159 585 610
81 297 156
California
10,529,980
6 838 300
188 4S3 290
47 367 264
Louisiana
6 706 560
7 27° 400
135 770 050
37 450 932
1 105 030
191 740
96 643 820
73 338 816
Indiana
2,367,180
322 080
50 595 020
104 43°'616
New Jersey . . .
2,286,720
639 500
60 062 470
87 969 900
10 698 700
2 159 540
69 179 470
74 074 s48
Michigan
1,249,700
281 100
67 3°0 340
73 658 004
Iowa
1,183,670
219 180
41 844 480
70 5S6 784
628 470
309 920
45 953 270
53 000 976
1 558 840
4,561 020
36 872 640
4^ qs>i 97«j
Hhod£ Island
1,275,650
18,924,140
52 907 560
19 045 572
657,140
7 817 360
44 .jgo 950
27 130 944
506100
282 560
41 440 840
39 *>48 340
Virginia
Alabama
4,009,650
895,930
1,888,380
134 020
33,480,210
35 585 290
39,744,732
19 470 900
South Carolina
910.370
318 060
23' 763' 340
26 048 832
1,130 190
215 940
13 911 °30
27 216 156
Texas
819,720
10,068,180
11 927 690
20 704 512
Minnesota
235,840
88,760
13,202.880
22.259.232
1869.]
FINANCES.
239
V. TABLE SHOWING THE AGGREGATE SALES OF MERCHANDISE (including
liquors), in the United States during the fiscal year which ended June 30,
1868, deduced from the receipts of Internal Revenue. [Prepared expressly
for this work, by EDWARD YOUNG].
Branches of Business.
Internal Rev.
Receipts.
Special Tax or License.
Estimated Sales of
Merchandise in the
fiscal year 1868.
Apothecaries
Btitchers
$58,377.46
170.138.41
189,922.04
9,832.11
1,854,387.80
2,163,632.00
592,045.12
3,242,915.31
1,489.79
186,727.50
110.858.96
286,438.46
5,796.71
67.76
4 002 655 99
LICENSES.
$10 when annual sales not over $25,000
averaged at $10,000.. . .
10 $25,000, " 15,000....
10 10,000 tax=l-10 of 1 per cent.
10 25.000 averaged at $10,000. . . .
50 50,000 tax=l-10 of 1 per cent.
10 25,000 averaged at $12,000.. . .
100 50,000 tax=l-5 of 1 per cent.
25 25,000 averaged at $12,500....
SALES.
One-tenth of one Der cent
$58,377,460
255,207,615
189,922,040
9,852,110
1,854,387,800
2,596,358,400
296,022,560
+1,621,457,655
1,489,790
186,727,500
110,858,960
v 572.876,920
5,796,710
67,760
4.002,655,990
241,991,290
1,642,540
Cattle brokers
Confectioner?
Dealers, wholesale
Dealers, retail
Dealers, wholesale liquor.
Dealers, retail liquor
Apothecaries
Auctioneers
Brokers, Cattle
ti
u
Brokers, Commercial
Butchers
Confectioners
One-twentieth of one per cen
One-tenth of one per cent. . .
t
Dealers
;: ;;
t«
Dealers in liquors
Plumbers
241,991.29
1,642.54
112,005,693,100
Branches of Business.
Estimated Sales in
the fiscal year
1867.
Estimated Sales in
the fiscal year
1868.
Increase.
Decrease.
Apothecaries
$55,650,980
240.248,630
326,898,150
830.339,940
236,330,100
9,065,807
6,249,745.830
2,457,432,892
609,278.050
1,483,341,865
12,856,070
$59,867,250
186,727,500
300,781,000
572,876.920
261,00-1.325
9,919,870
5,857.043.790
2,596,358,400
538,013.850
1,621,457,655
1,642,540
$4,216,270
$53,521,130
26,117,150
257,463,020
392,702,040
71,264,200
11,213,530
Auctioneers
Brokers Cattle
Brokers. Commercial
"24,674,225
854,063
' 138,925,56s
Butchers .
Confectioners
Dealers, wholesale
Dealers, retail
Dealers, wholesale liquor
Dealers, retail liquor
138,115,790
Plumbens, &c :
ct
Net decrease of business in '68. 4.04 per
$12,005,693,100
505,495,214
$12,511,188,314
$12,511,188,314
$306,785,793
$812,281,070
VI. PUBLIC DEBT.
On the following page, in the statement of the Public Debt of the United
States, the amount from 1791 to 1842, is given for January 1 ; from 1843 to
1847, and for 1853, 1854, and from 1857 to 1860, for July 1 ; for 1849 and
1850, December 1 ; 1851, November 20 ; 1852, December 30 ; and from 1861
to 1869 at different dates as given in the table compiled from the Treasury
statement.
* This amount includes all kinds of merchandise, including liquors sold by retail liquor dealers,
cigars, tobacco, groceries, &c. No official return of the retail sales of liquors alone, is made ;
but the following estimate is nearly accurate. The receipts from licenses indicate that there
were at least 129,716 retail liquor dealers in the United States, whose annual sales of liquors may
be estimated at about $5,OUO each, making the aggregate sales of liquor $648,580,000 in the year
ending June 30, 1868.
240
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809.
PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1791 TO 1860.
1791 $75,463,476.52
1792 77,227,924.66
1793 80,352,634.04
1794 78,427,404.77
1795 80,747,587.38
1796 83,762,172.07
1797 82,064,479.33
1798 79,228,529.12
1799 78,408,669.77
1800 82,976,294.35
1801 83,038,059.80
1802 80.712,632.25
1803 77,054,686.30
1804 86,427,120.88
1805 82,312,150.50
1806 75,723,270.66
1807 69,218,398.64
1808 65,196,317.97
1809 57,023,192.09
1810 53,173,217.52
1811 48,005,587.76
1812 45,209,737.90
1813 55,962.827.57
1814 81,487,846.24
1815 99,833,660.15
1816 127,334,933.74
1817 123,491,965.16
1818 103,466,633.83
1819 95,529,648.28
1820 91,015,566.15
1821 89,987,427.66
1822 93,546,676.98
1823 90,875,877.28
1824 90,269,777.77
1825 83,788,432.71
1826 81,054,059.99
1827 73,987,357.20
1823 67,475,043.87
1829 58,421,413.67
1830 48,565,406.50
1831 39,123,191.68
1832 24,322.235.18
1S33 7,001,032.88
1834 4,760,081.08
1835 351,289.05
1836 291,089.05
1837 1,878,223.55
1838..- 4,857,660.46
1839 11,983,737.53
1840 5,125,077.63
1841 6,737,398.00
1842 15,028,486.37
1843 27,203,450.69
1844 24,748,188.23
1845 17,093,794.80
1846 16,750.926.33
1847 38,956.623.38
1848 48,526,379.37
1819 64,704,693.71
1850 64,228.238.37
1851 62,560,395.26
1852 65,131,692.13
1853 67,340,628.78
1854 47,242,206.05
1855 39,969,731 .05
1856 30,983,909.64
1857 29,060,386.90
1858 44,910,777.66
1859 58,754,699.33
1860 64,769,703.08
PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1861 TO 1869.
Since the commencement of the war, the amount of the Debt at different dates, and the
amount deducting cash in the Treasury, has been as follows :
Total Debt. Debt, deducting Cash in Treasury.
July 1, 1861 $90,867,828 $88,498,670
July 1, 1862 514,211,371 . .
.502,921,404
July 1, 1863 1,098,793,181 1,093,464,090
July 1, 1864 1,740,690,489 1,721,847,934
July 1, 1865 2,682,593,026 2,757,253,265
January 1, 1866.
August 1, " .
November 1, " .
January 1, 1867.
February 1, " .
March
April
May
June
August
Septemberl,
October 1,
November 1,
December 1,
January 1,
February 1,
March
April
May
June
August
Septemberl,
October 1,
November 1,
December 1,
January 1,
2,810,310,357 2,716,851,536
2,770,416,608 2,633,099,276
2,681,636,966 2,551,310,005
2,675,062,505 2,543,325,172
2,685,773,539 2,543,349,748
2,690,587,289 2,530,763,889
2,663,713,734 2,523,468,070
2,668,875,098 2,520,786,096
.2,515,615,937
.2,511,306,420
.2,492,783,365
.2,495,277,446
.2.491,504,450
.2,501,205,751
.2,508,125,650
.2,527,315,373
.2,519,829,622
.2,519,209,687
' 2,687,040,519
" 2,666,685,696
" 2,653,792,189,
" 2,630,389,456
" 2,625,502,848 ,
" 2,639,382,572
18(58 2,642,326,253
u 2,651,384,686
" 2,648,207,099
" . ... 2,641, 719,332...
. 2,639,612,622 2,500,528,827
2,643, 7
2,633,588,756.
2,643,256,285.
2,644,901,561.
2,641,002,572.
1869.
2,510,245,886
2,523,534,480
2,535,614,318
2,534,643,719
2.527,129,553
. . . .2,645,711,164 2,539,031,844
. . . .2,652,583,662 2,540,707,201
1869.] FINANCES. 241
UNITED STATES BONDS.
The Bonds of the United States are of different kinds, and have been issued at different times
as follows :
Sixes Of 1881. Dated 1861, and redeemable in Twenty Years from January 1st and July
1st of that year. Interest six per cent, in gold, payable semi-annually, January 1st and July 1st.
These Bonds were issued in three series: Under Act February 8, 1861, $18,415,000; dated
variously in 1861. Under Act July 17 and August 5, 1861, $50.000,000 ; dated November 16, 1861.
Under Act July 17, and August 5, 1861, in exchange for 7-30s, $139,317.150; dated November
16, 1861. Under Act March 3, 1863, and principal made especially payable in gold coin, $75,000,-
000 ; dated June 15, 1864. Total issue, $282, 732,150.
Five-Twenties of 1862. Commonly termed OI/D Five-Twenties, dated May 1, 1862. Re
deemable after Five Years, and payable in Twenty Years from date. Interest six per cent, in
gold, payable the 1st of May and November. Issued under Act of February 25, 1862, $514,771,600.
Five-Twenties of 1864. Dated November 1, 1864. Redeemable after Five, and payable
in Twenty Years. Interest six per cent, in gold, payable 1st of May and November. Issued
under Act March 3. 1864, (principal specified as payable in gold), $3,882,500. Issued under Act
of June 30, 1864. $125,561,300. Total issue. $129,443,800.
Five-Twenties of 1865. Dated November 1, 1865. Redeemable after Five, and payable
in Twenty Years. Interest six per cent, in gold, payable 1st of May and November. Issued
under Act of March 3, 1865, $197,777,250.
Five-Twenties of 1865. Dated July 1, 1865. Interest six percent, in gold, payable January
and July. They are redeemable in Fivs Years, and payable in Twenty Years. Issued under Act
of March 3, 1865, in exchange for 7-30 notes converted, and amount August 1, 1868, to $332,928.950.
Five-Twenties of 1867. Dated July 1, 1867. Redeemable in Five, and payable in
Twenty Years. Interest, six per cent, in gold, payable 1st of January and July. Issued under
Act March 3, 1865, in exchange for 7-30 notes, and amount August 1, 1868, to $371,346,350.
Five-Twenties of 1868. Dated July 1, 1868. Redeemable in Five Years, and payable in
Twenty Years. Interest six per cent, in gold, payable January apd July 1st. Issued under Act
of March 3, 1865, in exchange for 7-30 notes, and amount August 1, 1868, to $39,000,000.
Ten-Forties. Dated March 1, 1864. Redeemable in Ten, and payable in Forty Years. In
terest five per cent, in gold, payable 1st of March and September, on all Registered Bonds, and
on all Coupon Bonds of the denomination of $500 and $1,000. On the $50 and $100 Bonds, in
terest is paid annually, March 1st. Issued under act of March 3, 1863, and supplement March
3, 1864, principal payable in gold, $194.291,500.
U. S. Pacific Railroad Currency Sixes. Dated January 16, 1S65, and variously there
after. These Bonds are issued by the Government, under Acts of July 1, 1862, and July 2, 1864,
to Companies receiving their charter from Congress, which gives them the right to construct
Railroads to and from the Pacific Coast, and on the completion of each twenty miles of track,
to receive at the rate of $16,000, $22,000 or $48,000 per mile, according to the difficulty of con
structing the same. They are payable thirty years from date of issue, and are registered in
Bonds of $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000. Amount issued up to January 1, 1869, $50,097,000. All of
the Government Bonds are issued "Coupon" or "Registered." Coupon Bonds can be changed
into Registered Bonds, but Registered Bonds cannot be changed into Coupons. Coupon Bonds
are in denominations of $50, $100, $500, and $1,000 ; the Registered Bonds tho same, with ad
dition of $5,000 and $10,000.
LEGAL TENDER NOTES.
Amount of Legal Tender Notes outstanding at different dates since the beginning of June, 1865 :
June 1, 1865 $659.160,569 December 1, 1866 $532,823,929
September 1, " 684,138,959 January 1, 1867 525,398,682
October 1, u 678,126,948 April 1, " , ..514,445,879
December 1, " 620,290,438 May 1, " 509,022,127
January 1, 1866 614,780,430 June 1, " 503,239,997
February 1, " 612,451,264 August 1, " 477,494,274
March 1, " 605,984,414 September 1, " ... 456,877,174
April 1, " 603,298,293 October 1, " 447,487,524
May 1, " 568,213,359 November 1, " 429,039,884
June 1, " 564,140,458 December 1, " 425,527,523-
August 1, " 566,873,868 June 1, 1868 385,761,462
September 1, " 555,115,732 September 1, " 371,649,973
October 1, " 554,677,432 June 1,1868, 3 per cent, certificates.. 50,000,000
November 1, " 538,707,925 Sept. 1, " 3 per cent, certificates.. 62,205,000 ;
16
242
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
VII. NATIONAL BANKS.
TABLE EXHIBITING THE NUMBER OP BANKS, with the amount of capital, bonds deposited, and
circulation in each State and Territory, September 30, 1868.
States and Territories.
ORG
Organ-
ized.
ANIZAl
Closed
closing.
ION.
In opera-
Capital paid in.
Bonds on deposit.
Circulation
issued.
In actual circu
lation.
Maine
61
40
40
209
62
83
314
55
205
32
11
6
20
15
137
71
83
43
37
48
16
5
20
15
13
3
2
4
3
9
6
3
3
1
1
4
2
1
1
1
"'2'
""2
15
1
8
61
40
40
207
62
81
299
54
197
32
11
4
18
15
las
(58
83
42
34
44
15
5
18
15
12
2
$9,085,000.00
4,785,000.00
6,560,012.50
80,032,000.00
20,364,800.00
24,684,220.00
116,544,941.00
11,583,350.00
50.247,390.00
12,790,202.50
1,428,185.00
1,550,000.00
2,500,000.00
2,216,400.00
22,404,700.00
12,867,000.00
12,070,000.00
5,210,010.00
2,960,000.00
' 4,057,000.00
1,710,000.00
400,000.00
7,810,300.00
2,885.000.00
2,025,300.00
1,800,000.00
150,000.00
350,000.00
350,000.00
1,600,000.00
653,300.00
685,000.00
500,000.00
155,000.00
100,000.00
525,000.00
200,000.00
150,000.00
100,000.00
100,000.00
$8,407,250
4,839,000
6,517,000
64,718,400
14,185,600
19,768,000
79,442,500
10,678,050
44,303,350
10,065,750
1,348,300
1,398,000
2,429,800
2,243,250
20,763,800
12,532,500
11,047,950
4,357,700
2,768,050
3,763,750
1,712,200
382,000
4,724,050
2,665,900
1,492,700
1,308,000
75,000
235,000
297,000
1,383,500
399.500
204,000
370,500
155,000
100,000
472,100
200,000
150,000
40,000
75,000
$7.569,166
4,328.195
5,802,960
58.5(11 ,030
12,67(1,630
17,800,625
73,828.505
9,520,485
39,940.700
9,150,800
1,217,225
1,278,000
2,157,930
2,020,350
18,667.750
11.1(19.055
9,777.650
3,872,955
2,583,950
3,349,805
1,501,900
354,600
4,305,550
2,367,270
1,270.220
1,245,000
66,000
170,000
254,500
1,235,400
317,600
153,000
353,025
131,700
88,500
417,635
179,500
135,500
36.000
63,500
$7,510,066
4,281,695
5,737,560
57,084, 040
12,491,480
17,443,793
68,853,726
9,397,985
38,772,102
8,904,800
1,198,825
1,137,700
2,146,670
1,988,550
18,410,425
11,018,735
9,648,150
3,826,455
2,541,410
3,252,228
1,476,800
341,000
4,129,310
2,338.620
1,204,755
1,131,415
64,035
170,000
254,000
1,234.000
316,000
135,000
304,900
131,700
88,500
407,535
179.500
135,000
36,000
63,500
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Delaware
District of Columbia.
Virginia
"'2'
2
...„
3
i
3
4
1
'"2
"'i'
1
2
West Virginia
Ohio
Illinois
Michigan . . .
Iowa
Minnesota
Kansas
Missouri
Kentucky
Tennessee
Louisiana ....
Mississippi
Nebraska
Colorado
4
3
8
6
3
2
1
1
4
2
1
1
1
"'i'
.....
Georgia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Alabama
Nevada
Oregon
Texas
Arkansas
Utah
Montana
Idaho
Total
1,685
56
1,629
$426,189,111.00
$342,019,950
$309,915,166! $299,806,565
NATIONAL BANK NOTES.
The amount of National Bank Notes in circulation at various periods since
June 1865, was as follows :
June 10, 1865 $137,772,705 June 10,
July 10, " 149,093,665 September 1,
Septembers, " 177,487,220 October 1,
October 6, " 194,182,630 November 1,
Novembers, " 207,212,930 December 1,
December 3, " 225,482,825 April
January 7, 1866 240,094,565 August
February 4, " 251,360,050 November 1,
March 4, " 258,432,790 December 7,
April 1, " 264,247,170 October 1,
1866 $278,905,675
" 289,915,929
" 293,032,000
" 295,354,854
" 293,613,519
1, 1867 298,856,734
31, " ...299,043,841
299,235,790
299,723,146
299,806,565
1869.]
FINANCES.
243
STATEMENT, showing the amount and rate of Taxation (United States and State), of the Na
tional Banking Associations, for the year ending December 31, 1867.
States and Territories.
Capital.
Amount of taxes
paid to U. S.
Rate per ct. of United
States taxation.
Amount of taxes
paid to and as
sessed by State
authorities.
Rate per ct. of State
taxation.
Total am't of Taxes
paid to the United
States and State
authorities
Rate per ct. of United
States and State tax
ation on capital.
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
$9,085,000.00
4,735,000.00
6,510,012.50
79,932,000.00
20,364,800.00
24,584.220.00
116,464,941.00
11,888,850.00
50,277,795.00
12,590,202.50
1,428,185.00
1,350,000.00
2.500,000.00
2,216,400.00
22,404,700.00
12,867,000.00
11,620.000.00
5,070,010.00
2,935,000.00
3,992,000.00
1,660,000.00
400.000.00
7,559.300.00
2,885.000.00
2,100,000.00
1,300,000.00
250,000.00
350.000.00
1,700,000.00
583,300.00
500,000.00
100,000.00
576,450.00
200.000.00
150,000.00
100,000.00
100,000.00
$180,119.00 .02
88,772.90 .019
122,213.57 .019
1,616,824.50 .0202
$141,225.64
93,178.83
144,163.50
1,562,128.10
.015
.019
.022
.02
$321,344.64
181,951.73
266,377.07
3,178.!»52.60
520,199.57
821.586.61
7,081.368.27
496,4<>:>. 59
1,520,305.44
426,315.36
33,881.29
18,615.39
62,270.47
98,423.72
1,0,35.632.66
479,169.89
553,323.24
179,850.97
138,594.76
194,630.61
68,654.63
18,030.31
322,389.46
77.282.78
80,434.62
55.9:35.86
17,749.06
11,316.72
46,895.21
14,198.02
12,592.01
1,623.86
9.014.70
7.093.37
2,984.42
1,397.31
1.884.01
$18.338,734.23
.035
.038
.041
.0402
.025
.033
.0609
.042
.0302
.0337
.0236
.0161
.0248
.044
.0461
.0371
.0476
.0:354
.0471
.0487
.033
.045
.034
.027
.041
.043
.0709
.0324
.0293
.024
.027
.024
.0156
.0355
.0198
.0139
.0187
324,844.25
434,440.,35
3,022,662.16
253,359.31
1,242.037.40
260,261.25
22,620.68
15,329.45
48,344.81
46,966.34
514,661.46
278,797.60
321,406.24
111,789.50
76,583.25
106,349.34
39,132.43
10,229.23
133.141.77
59,816.01
52,459.82
35,894.28
10,734.67
9,701.72
40,&44.75
9,048.71
8,762.52
1,623.86
6,865.36
5,745.38
1,887.42
837.31
478.65
.015
.017
.0261
.022
.0247
.0209
.0228
.oi&3
.0193
.021
.0229
.0216
.0276
.022
.026
.0266
.02
.025
.014
.021
.027
.0276
.0429
.0277
.025
.0154
.0175
.024
.0119
.0287
.0125
.0083
.0047
195,355.32
387.146.26
4,058.706.11
223,106.28
278,268.04
166,054.11
1,260.61
3,285.94
13,925.66
51,457.38
520,951.20
200,373.29
231.917.00
68,061.41
62,011.51
88,281.27
29,522.20
7.801.08
189,247.69
17.466.77
27,974.80
20,041.58
7,014.39
1,615.00
6,050.46
5,144.81
3,829.49
.01
.016
.0348
.02
.005
.0131
.0008
.0028
.0055
.023
.0232
.0155
.02
.0134
.021
.0221
.013
.02
.02
.006
.014
.0154
.028
.0046
.004
.0088
.0095
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia...
Virginia
West Virginia
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
Iowa
Minnesota
Kansas
Missouri
Kentucky
Tennessee
Louisiana
Nebraska
Colorado
Georgia
North Carolina
Alabama
Oregon
Texas
2,149.34
1.350.99
1,097.00
560.00
1,405.36
.0037
.0068
.0073
.0056
.014
Arkansas
Utah
Montana
Idaho
Total
$422.804,666.00 $9,525,607.31
2i
$8.813.126.92
2.082
4.332
LEGAL TENDER NOTES ISSUED,
The following statement exhibits the number
deemed, and outstanding October 5, 1868 :
Notes.
Ones— Issued 8.896.576
Redeemed 254,754
Outstanding ^641,822
Twos— Issued 2,978,160
Redeemed 73,176
Outstanding 279047984
Fives— Issued 23,106.728
Redeemed 482,132
Outstanding 722,624,596
Tens— Issued 7,915,914
Redeemed 142,359
Outstanding 77773,555
Twenties— Issued 2,219,322
Redeemed 36,355
Outstanding 2,182,967
Fifties— Issued 355,181
Redeemed 17,256
Outstanding 337,925
$5,809,968
$115,533,640
_
$113,122,980
$79,159,140
1,423,590
$77,7357550
$44,386,440
727,100
$43,659,1340
$17,759,050
REDEEMED AND OUTSTANDING.
and amount of Legal Tender Notes issued, re-
Notes. Amount.
One Hundreds— Issued . . .267.350 $26,735,000
Redeemed 15,583 1,558,300
Outstanding .251,767 $25,176,700
Five Hundreds— Issued. . . .13,486 $6,743,000
Redeemed _Vr59 879,500
Outstanding 11,727 $5,863,500
One Thousands— Issued . . 4.746 $4,746,000
Redeemed -Jti&IS 1,846,000
Outstanding 727900 $2,900,000
Total of all denominations out
standing on the first Monday
of October, 1868 $299,806,110
Add for fragments of notes out
standing lost or destroyed,
portions of which have been
redeemed 455
Total $299,806,565
$16,896,250
244
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
TABLE of the state of the Lawful Money Reserve in the National Banks, in the States and Ter
ritories, for quarter ending on the first Monday in October, 1868.
States and Territories.
|
•8 »
f!
Liabilities to be protect
ed by a reserve of
fifteen per cent, of the
amount.
Amount required &3 re
serve.
Amount of available re
serve.
Percentage of
available reserve
to liabilities.
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
61
40
40
$13,150,366
6.650,149
8,414,888
$1,972,555
997,522
1,262,151
$2,986,134
1,703,947
1,776,830
22 7-10
22 6-10
21 1-10
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
161
62
55,073,216
19,240,527
8,260,381
2,886,079
12,771,975
4,018,490
23 2-10
20 9-10
Connecticut
81
30,295,938
4,641,391
6 493 552
21 4-10
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
240
55
152
78,352,552
24,164,877
46,019,990
11,752,883
3,624,732
6,902,9.88
17,617,509
5,915,133
10,885 927
22 5-10
24 5-10
22 8-10
Delaware
Maryland
11
19
2,778,110
4,332,889
416,717
649,926
656,289
1,046,005
23 0-10
24 2-10
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
1
19
15
139,770
5,955.449
4,676,224
20,958
893,322
701,434
29,029
1,145,450
928,607
20 8-10
19 3-10
19 9-10
North Carolina
6
1,433,229
214,989
334.029
23 3-10
South Carolina
Georgia
3
8
1,352,111
3,624,662
202,820
542.701
427,156
1,382,114
31 G-10
38 1-10
Alabama
2
588,776
88,310
204,181
34 7-10
Mississippi.
1
40,500
6,075
18,109
44 7-10
Texas
4
1,262,915
189,422
502 121
39 8-10
Arkansas
Kentucky
2
11
751,968
2,812,531
112,750
421,890
126,246
651,818
10 8-10
23 2-10
Tennessee
Ohio .
12
123
4,559,839
30,331,143
683,977
4,549,671
975,945
,411,381
21 4-10
21 1-10
Indiana
70
19.496,571
2,924,486
4,042,055
20 7-10
Illinois
70
•15,468,811
2,320,322
3,802,781
24 6-10
Michigan
38
7,164,969
1,079,245
1,794,005
24 9-10
Wisconsin
31
4,934,557
740,184
1,140,247
22 1-10
Iowa
44
9,987,718
1,498,158
2,186,996
21 9-10
Minnesota . .
15
3,816,459
572,469
897,639
23 5-10
Missouri
10
2,724,280
408,652
691 212
25 4-10
Kansas
3
502,856
84,428
160,301
28 5-10
Nebraska ... .
4
2,514,649
377,197
1,269,833
50 5-10
Nevada
1
253,637
38,005
80,921
31 9-10
Oregon
1
261,812
32,271
78,777
30 1-10
Colorado
3
1,127,886
169,183
382,093
as 9-io
Montana
1
136,894
20,534
56,311
41 1-10
Utah...
Idaho
1
1
212,019
82,031
31,803
12,305
35,4:33
25,235
16 7-10
30 8-10
Total
1,422
$414,776.428
$62.216,475
$95,252.448
22 9-10
STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES, JAN. 1, 1869.
DEBT BEARING COIN INTEREST.
Five per cent, bonds $221,589,300.00
Six per cent, bonds of 1881 . . . 283,677,400.00
Six per cent. 5-20 bonds 1,602,568,650.00
Total $2,107,835,350.00
DEBT BEARING CURRENCY INTEREST.
Certificates at three per cent.. $55,865,000.00
Navy pension fund at 3 per ct. 14,000.000.00
Total $69,805,000.00
MATURED DEBT NOT PRESENTED FOR PAYJl'T.
Three years 7-30 notes due
Aug. 15, 1867, and June and
Compound interest notes
Bonds, Texas indemnity
Treasury notes, act of July 17
1861, and prior thereto
Bonds April 15, 1842, Jan. 28
1847, and March 31, 18-18. . .
8,878,290.00
256,000.00
148,561.64
349,950.00
Treasury notes, March 3, 1863. 445,492.00
Temporary loan 197,310.00
Certificate's of indebtedness.. 13,000.00
Total $7,463,403.64
DEBT BEARING NO INTEREST.
United States notes $356,021,073.00
Fractional currency 34.215,715.64
Gold certificates of deposit. . . 27,036,020.00
Six p. ct. lawful money, bonds
issued to Pacific R. R. Co. . . 50,097,000.00
Total $4"67,8(iO,'808Jf;3
Total debt $2,652^583~662".28
AMOUNT IN THE TREASURY.
Coin $98,763,368.91
Currency 13.063,092.12
Total $111,826,461.03
Amount of debt less cash in
Treasury $2,540,707.201.25
FINANCES.
245
VIII. DEBTS OP THE SEVERAL STATES.
TABLE showing the Debts of the several States before the war (1860-61), at
its close (1865-66), and in the respective years 1867 and 1868. [Obtained
chiefly from official sources, and prepared for this work by EDWARD
YOUNG].
STATES.
In 1860-61.
In 1865-66.
In 1867.
In 1868.
Maine
New Hampshire
$699.500
31 669
$5,164,500
4 002 070
$5,090,500
3 747 777
$5,053,500
3 487 412
Vermont
(a). Massachusetts
Ehode Island
Connecticut
(6) New York
none.
7,132,027
none,
none.
34 182 976
1,650,000
23,047,873
4,000,000
10,400.000
49 688 540
1,395,000
27,638,918
3,538,500
8,422,400
48 367 682
l^OOO
27,553,935
3,141,500
8.1:35,500
44 ()(J8 780
New Jersey
104,000
3,018,800
2,253,547
2.219 697
Pennsylvania
Delaware
37,964,602
none.
37,471,663
34,766,431
1 242000
32,799,786
(c). Maryland
10,891,802
Ohio
14 250 173
13 060 582
11 031 945
10 529 675
Indiana ,
7,770,233
8,687,960
4,023,821
3 101 587
Michigan
2,388,843
3,979,921
3,901,243
3 651 078
Illinois
10 277 161
11 178 564
7 581 316
5 909 603
Wisconsin
100,000
2,692,467
2,279,057
2252000
Minnesota
250,000
350000
450 000
395 000
Iowa
200,000
500,000
386,000
300000
(d) Missouri . ,
24,734,000
37,000,000
26,000,000
20 557 000
Kansas
150,000
452,975
819,975
974,882
(e). Kentucky
California
4,729,234
5,254.346
5,290640
4,611.199
5 126 500
3,619,191
4 695 500
Oregon
55,372
218,574
230 045
* Virginia
33,248,141
45,119,741
North Carolina
9,129,505
11,433,000
South Carolina
(f) Georgia
3,691,574
2,670,750
5,205,227
5,706 500
8,378,255
6 000 000
* Florida
383 000
638863
* Alabama
5,048,000
6,304,972
Mississippi .
none
200 000
Louisiana
* Texas.
10,023,903
13,357,999
2,320,360
12,391,7:36
Arkansas
3 092 622
3 252 401
4 205 9(55
4 577 081
Tennessee
16,643,666
25,277,347
36.000,000
NOTE.— West Virginia and Nebraska have no debt ; Kentucky, Iowa, and Minnesota vir
tually none.
(a). Deducting the present market value of the resources of this State ($13,685,263), the debt
is reduced to $13,868,672.
(5). Deducting the balance in sinking funds, the debt is reduced to $38,864,449.
(c). This State holds productive property and a sinking fund, aggregating over $9,500,000—
nearly sufficient to cover the amount of the State debt.
(d). Deducting the amount of bonds loaned to Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Co. ($3,000,-
000), the aggregate debt is reduced to $17,557,000.
(<?). The resources of this State are more than sufficient to meet her obligations, and practi
cally she has no debt.
(/). The treasurer reported the debt, July 1, 1867, at about $6,000,000, and the State assets
over all liabilities, $5,751,965.
* The debts of these States, as here given, were obtained from unofficial sources.
NOTE.— A discrepancy sometimes occurs between the amount of debt as given elsewhere
under each state, and the amount in the above table. The difference is due to the fact that
these amounts were taken at different dates.
24G THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES.
PASSED AT THE SECOND SESSION OF THE FORTIETH CONGKES9.
No. 1.— An Act granting a certain right of way to the Hudson River West Shore Railroad
Company. December 14, 1867.
No. 2. — To provide for changing the names of persons in the District of Columbia. Decem
ber 20, 1867.
No. 3. — To prevent frauds in the collection of the tax on distilled spirits. Provides, that from
and after the passage of this act no distilled spirits shall be withdrawn or removed from any
warehouse for the purpose of transportation, redistillation, rectification, change of package,
exportation, or for any other purpose whatever, until the full tax on such spirits shall have
been duly paid to the collector of the proper district. January 11, 1868.
No. 4.— Provides, that all cotton grown in the United States after the year 1867, shall be ex
empt from internal tax ; and cotton imported from foreign countries on and after Nov. 1, 1868,
shall be exempt from duty. February 3, 1868.
No. 5.— To suspend further reduction of the currency. Provides, that from and after the
passage of this act, the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to make any reduction
of the currency, by retiring or canceling United States notes, shall be, and is hereby, suspended.
(Not having been returned by the President to the house of Congress in which it originated,
within the time prescribed by the Constitution of the United States, became a law without
his approval.)
No. 6.— In relation to taxing shares in National Banks. February 10, 1868.
No. 7. — Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the execution
of the reconstruction laws, and for the service of the quartermasters department of the gov
ernment, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, and for other purposes ; appropriates for re
construction, $657,000 ; quartermaster, $12,000,000; small items, $10,000; legislative deficien
cies (restricts each Senator and Representative to $125 per session for newspapers, except Con
gressional Globe), $167,648.44 ; judiciary, $4,355.77 ; education, $192; whole amount in this act,
$12.837,196.21, and prohibits the transfer of appropriations. (Not having been returned by the
President within the time prescribed, it became a law without his approval).
No. 8.— To facilitate the collection of the direct tax in the State of Delaware. Feb. 21, 1868.
No. 9. — Authorizing the Southern Minnesota Railroad Company to construct and maintain a
bridge across the Mississippi river, and establish a post route. February 21, 1868.
No. 10. — In relation to additional bounty. Provides, that bounties be paid to heirs named,
and to none other. February 21, 1868.
No. 11. — For the protection in certain cases of persons making disclosures as parties, or tes
tifying as witnesses. February 25, 1868.
No. 12. — Establishing and declaring the railroad and bridge of the New Orleans, Mobile, and
Chattanooga Company, as hereafter constructed, a post road, and for other purposes. March
2, 1868.
No. 13. — Extending the time for the completion of the Dubuque and Sioux City railroad to
January 1, 1872. March 2, 1868.
No. 14.— In relation to islands in the Great Miami river. March 2, 1868.
No. 15.— Authorizing the sale of an unoccupied military site at Waterford, Pennsylvania.
March 4, 1868.
No. 16.— Restores to market lands along the Pacific railroads and branches, provided that such
sections shall be rated at two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and subject only to entry under
those laws ; and the Secretary of the Interior be, and is hereby, authorized and directed to re
store to homestead settlement, pre-emption, or entry, according to existing laws, all the even-
numbered sections of land belonging to the government, and now withdrawn from market, on
both sides of the Pacific railroad and branches wherever said road and branches have been defi
nitely located. March 6, 1868.
No. 17.— For the relief of settlers on the late Sioux Indian reservation in the State of Minne
sota. March 6, 1868.
No. 18. — In relation to the promulgation of the laws of the United States. March 9, 1868.
No. 19. — For the temporary relief of destitute people in the District of Columbia, appropri
ates $15,000. March 10, 1868.
No. 20.— To amend the reconstruction act passed March 23, 1867, and provides that hereafter
any election authorized by said act shall be decided by a majority of the votes actually cast.
(Not having been returned by the President, within the time prescribed, it became a law with
out his approval).
1869.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PUBLIC LAWS. 247
No. 21.— To revive an act to constitute Hannibal, Missouri ; and Peoria, Illinois, ports of
delivery.
No. 22.— Providing for holding a circuit court at Erie, Pa. March 12, 1868.
No. 23.— To facilitate the settlement of paymasters' accounts. March 16, 1868.
No. 24. — Military Academy appropriations ; total, $277,512. Hereafter there will be only seven
official visitors. No part of the money shall be applied to the pay or subsistence of any cadet
from any State declared to be in rebellion against the government of the United States, ap
pointed after the first day of January, 1868, until such State shall have been returned to its
original relations to the Union. (Not having been returned by the President within the time
prescribed, it became a law without his approval.)
No. 25. — Provides fifty more clerks, and other facilities for determining and paying off sol
diers' bounties under act of 1866. March 19, 1868.
No. 26. — Amending an act entitled "An Act to amend the judiciary act, passed Sept. 24,1789."
Allows any revenue officer to appeal from Circuit Court judgments to United States Supreme
Court, without regard to amount involved. (Vetoed by the President, and passed by Congress
over the veto).
No. 27. — To establish certain post roads. March 30, 1868.
No. 28.— Amending an act entitled " An Act to provide for the prompt settlement of public
accounts," approved March 3, 1817. March 30, 1868.
No. 29.— Making appropriations for the service of the Post Office Department during the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1869. Principal items : inland mail transportation, $10,526,000 ; for
eign transportation. $420,000 ; pay of postmasters, $4,250,000; clerks, $2,000,000 ; letter carriers,
$750,000 ; stamps and envelopes, $450,000 ; special agents, $100,000 ; bags, locks, and stamps,
$145,000 ; balances to foreign countries, $350,000 ; rent, light, fuel, &c., $375,000 ; China steam
ers, $500,000 ; Brazil steamers, $150,000 ; Sandwich Islands, $75,000 ; the whole appropriation
is $19,969,000. March 30, 186-8.
No. 30. — Making appropriations for the consular and diplomatic expenses of the government
for the year ending June 30, 1869, and for other purposes. Total, $1,159,850, besides $55,584 in
gold for Scheldt dues, and as much more as necessary to carry out the treaty. If an army or
navy officer accepts a diplomatic or consular office, he thereby resigns his place in the army or
navy. The act of July 4, 1864, to encourage immigration, is repealed. March 30, 1868.
No. 31.— Exempting certain manufactures from internal tax, and for other purposes. Repeals
sections 94 and 95 of "An Act to provide internal revenue to support the government, to pay
interest on the public debt, and for other purposes," approved June 30, 1864, and all acts and
parts of acts amendatory of said sections, except only so much of the said sections and amend
ments thereto as relates to the taxes imposed thereby on gas made of coal wholly or in part, or
of any other material ; on illuminating, lubricating, or other mineral oils or articles the pro
ducts of the distillation, redistillation, or refining of crude petroleum, or of a single distillation
of coal, shale, peat, asphaltum, or other bituminous substances, on wines therein described,
and on snuff and all the other manufactures of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars and
cheroots : Provided, That the products of petroleum and bituminous substances hereinbefore
mentioned, except illuminating gas, shall, from and a/ter the passage of this act, be taxed at
one-half the rates fixed by the said section 94, and provides that after June 1, 1868. no drawback
of internal taxes paid on manufactures shall be allowed on the exportation of any article of
domestic manufacture, on which there is no internal tax at the time of exportation ; nor shall
such drawback be allowed in any case unless it shall be proved by sworn evidence in writing,
to the satisfaction of the Commissioners of Internal Revenue, that the tax had been paid, and
that such articles of manufacture were, prior to April 1, 1868, actually purchased or actually
manufactured and contracted for, to be delivered for such exportation, and that every person,
firm, or corporation, who shall manufacture by hand or machinery, any goods, wares, or mer
chandise, breadstuff1!? and unmanufactured lumber excepted, not otherwise specifically taxed as
such, or who shall be engaged in the manufacture or preparation for sale of any articles or com
pounds, not otherwise specifically taxed, or shall put up for sale in packages with his own name
or trade mark thereon, any articles or compound not otherwise specifically taxed, and whose
annual sales exceed five thousand dollars, shall pay for every additional thousand dollars in ex
cess of $5,000, two dollars, and the amount of sales in excess of the rate of $5,000 per annum
shall be returned quarter-yearly to the assistant assessor, and the tax on the excess of $5,000
shall be assessed by the assessor and paid quarter-yearly in the months of January, April, July,
and October of each year ; and, that every person engaged in carrying on the business of a dis
tiller who shall defraud or attempt to defraud the United States of the tax on the spirits dis
tilled by him, or any part thereof, shall forfeit the distillery and distilling apparatus used by
248 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
him, and all distilled spirits, and all raw materials for the production of distilled spirits found
in the distillery and on the distillery premises, and shall on conviction, he fined not less than
$500 nor more than $5,000. and he imprisoned not less than six months, nor more than five years ;
and that if any officer or agent appointed and acting under the authority of any revenue law of
the United States shall he guilty of gross neglect in the discharge of any of the duties of his
office, or shall conspire or collude with any other person to defraud the United States, &c., he
Bhall, on conviction, be fined $1,000-5,000, and be imprisoned not less than six months, nor
more than three years. March 31, 1868.
No. 32. — Making appropriations for the expenses of the trial of the impeachment of Andrew
Johnson, $10,000, and other contingent expenses of the Senate for the year ending June 30,
1868, $72,000. Total, $82,000. May 19, 1868.
No. 33. — Granting the right of way to the Whitehall and Plattsburgh Railroad Company.
May 20, 1868.
No. 34.— To extend the charter of Washington City, also to regulate the election of officers,
and for other purposes. (Not having been returned by the President within the time prescribed,
it became a law without his approval).
No. 35. — Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the execution
of the reconstruction laws in the third military district, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868.
(Not having been returned by the President within the time specified, it became a law without
his approval) .
No. 36. — Declaring St. George, Boothbay, Bucksport, Vinalhaven, and North Haven, in the
State of Maine, and San Antonio in the State of Texas, ports .of delivery. June 5, 1868.
No. 37. — To partially supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the service of the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1868. Expenses of House of Representatives, $47,960 ; collecting, $1,800,900 ;
to facilitate bounty payments, $60,000 ; sundry items, $48,000 ; total, $1,955,960. June 8, 1868.
No. 38. — Making appropriations for the support of the army for the year ending June 30, 1869,
and for other purposes. Pay of army, $15,000,000; transporting recruits, $100,000; commuta
tion of officers' subsistence, $2,133,413; in lieu of clothing, $250,000; medical department,
$200,000 ; quartermaster's, $5,000,000 ; general expenses, $2,000,000 ; transportation and quar
ters, $7,000,000, &c. Whole amount, $33,057,093. June 8, 1868.
No. 39. — Amending an act entitled "An Act for the relief of the inhabitants of cities and
towns upon the public lands." Approved March 2, 1867.
No. 40. — Extending the time for completing the military road authorized by an act entitled
"An Act granting lands to the States of Michigan and Wisconsin to aid in the construction of a
military road from Fort Wilkins, Copper Harbor, Keweriaw county, in the State of Michigan,
to Fort Howard, Green Bay, in the State of Wisconsin." June 8, 1868.
No. 41.— To further provide for giving effect to the various grants of public lands to the State
of Nevada. June 8, 1868.
No. 42.— Making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending June 30, 1869. Pay
of officers and men, $8,000,000; material and vessels, $3,000,000 ; yards, docks, &c., $1,272,000 ;
equipment and recruiting, $1,268,000 ; marine corps. $48,000. The entire appropriations are
$13,752,600. Hereafter the whole numbe» of enlisted men, including seamen, ordinary seamen,
landsmen, mechanics, apprentices, and boys, is fixed at $8,000 and no more. June 17, 1868.
No. 43. — To admit the State of Arkansas to representation in Congress. Whereas the peop.'e
of Arkansas, in pursuance of the provisions of an act entitled u An Act for the more efficient
government of the rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, and the acts supplementary thereto,
have framed and adopted a constitution of State government, which is republican, and the leg
islature of said State has duly ratified the amendment to the constitution of the United States
proposed by the thirty-ninth Congress, and known as article fourteen : Therefore, He it enacted,
That the State of Arkansas is entitled and admitted to representation in Congress as one of the
States of the Union upon the following fundamental condition : That the constitution of Ar
kansas shall never be so amended or changed as to deprive any citizen or class of citizens of the
United States of the right to vote, who are entitled to vote by the constitution herein recognized,
except as a punishment for such crimes as are now felonies at common law, whereof they shall
have been duly convicted, under laws equally applicable to all the inhabitants of said State :
Provided, That any alteration of said constitution prospective in its efiect may be made in re
gard to the time and place of residence of voters. (Passed over the President's veto).
No. 44.— Admitting the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Ala
bama, and Florida, to representation in Congress, provides that each of these States shall be
entitled and admitted to representation in Congress as a State of the Union, when the legisla
ture of such State shall have duly ratified the amendment to the Constitution of the United
1869.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PUBLIC LAWS. 349
States proposed by the 39th Congress, and known as Art. 14, upon the following fundamental
conditions : That the constitution of neither of said States shall ever be so amended or changed
as to deprive any citizen or class of citizens of the United States of the right to vote in said
State, who are entitled to vote by the constitution thereof herein recognized, except as a pun
ishment for such crimes as are now felonies at common law, whereof they shall have been duly
convicted under laws equally applicable to all the inhabitants of said State : Provided, That
any alteration of said constitution may be made with regard to the time and place of residence
of voters ; and the State of Georgia shall only be entitled and admitted to representation upon
this further fundamental condition : that the first and third subdivisions of section 17 of the
fifth article of the constitution of said State, except the proviso to the first subdivision shall be
null and void, and that the general assembly of said State by solemn public act shall declare the
assent of the State to the foregoing fundamental condition. That the first section of this act
shall take effect as to each State, except Georgia, when such State shall, by its legislature, duly
ratify Art. 14 of the amendments to the Constitution of the United States, proposed by the 39th
Congress, and as to the State of Georgia when it shall in addition give the assent of said State
to the fundamental condition hereinbefore imposed upon the same. (Passed over the Presi
dent's veto).
No. 45.— Providing for appeals from the Court of Claims, and for other purposes. June
25, 1SG8.
No. 46. — Provides that eight hours shall constitute a days work for all laborers, workmen, and
mechanics now employed, or who may be hereafter employed, by or on behalf of the govern
ment of the United States. June 25, 1868.
No. 47. — For the relief of certain exporters of rum. June 25, 1868.
No. 48.— To re-establish the boundaries of the collection districts of Michigan and Michili-
mackinac, and to change the names of the collection districts of Michilimackinac and Port
Huron. June 25, 1868.
No. 49.— To extend the boundaries of the collection district of Philadelphia. June 25, 1868.
No. 50.— Amending an act entitled "An Act to provide for carrying the mails from the United
States to foreign ports." June 25, 1868.
No. 51. — Relative to filing reports of Railroad companies. June 25, 1868.
No. 52. — Appropriating money to sustain the Indian commission and carry out treaties made
thereby. June 25, 1868.
No. 53.— Changing the times of holding the District and Circuit Courts of the United States
in Tennessee. June 25, 1868.
No. 54.— Amending an act entitled "An act granting lands to aid in the construction of a
railroad and telegraph line from the Central Pacific Railroad, in California, to Portland, in
Oregon." The Oregon branch to complete at least 20 miles in each two years, and finish the
road by July 1, 1880. June 25, 1868.
No. 55.— Relating to the Supreme Court of the United States. June 25, 1868.
No. 56.— Authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to change the names of certain vessels.
June 25, 1868.
No. 57.— Relating to contested elections in the city of Washington. (Not having been re
turned by the President within the time prescribed, it became a law without his approval).
No. 58.— For holding terms of the District Court of the United States for the southern district
of Illinois at the city of Cairo, in said state. July 3, 1868.
No. 59»— Confirming the title to a tract of land in Burlington, Iowa. July 4, 1868.
No. 60.— Authorizing the construction of a bridge over the Black river, in Lorain county,
Ohio. July 6, 1868.
No. 61.— To incorporate the congregation of the First Presbyterian Church of Washington.
July 7, 1868.
No. 62.— To amend an act entitled "An act concerning the registering and recording of ships
or vessels." July 7, 1868.
No. 63.— To continue the Bureau for the relief of Freedmen and Refugees. (Not having been
returned by the President within the prescribed time, it became a law without his approval).
No. 64. — Prescribing an oath of office to be taken by persons from whom legal disabilities
shall have been removed. July 11, 1868.
No. 65.— To incorporate the Connecticut Avenue and Park Railway Company, in the District
of Columbia. July 13, 1868.
No. 66.— To incorporate the National Hotel Company of Washington City. July 13, 1868.
No. 67. — Amending the act providing for the construction of certain wagon roads in Dakota
Territory. July 13, 1868.
250 THE AMEEICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
No. 68. — Creating the office of Surveyor General in the Territory of Utah, and establishing a
Land Office in said Territory. July 16, 1868.
No. 69. — Making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the
government for the year ending June 30, 1869. Expenses of senate, $600,170.80; of house, $1,-
624,238.60; public printing, $1,214,656.79 ; library, $51,570 ; court of claims, $139,800; executive,
$44,622.22; public grounds and buildings, $49,140; state department, $151,200; treasury, $9.-
110,866 ; interior, $1,816,720 ; war, $750,420 ; navy, $25,301 •, post office, $396,680 ; agriculture,
$127.895; education, $20,000; mints and assay offices, $450,307.68; independent treasury, $388,-
135; territorial governments, $225,500; judiciary, $294,300. Whole amount, $17.111,723.09
July 20, 1868.
No. 70.— Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the government for the year
ending June 30, 1869. The items are: Miscellaneous, $181,440; coast survey, $250,000; lakes,
$75,000; light-houses, $1,919,042; revenue cutters, $1,337,290; buildings for customs, &c., $1,-
093,008; interior department, $16,300; capitol extension, $138,200; Smithsonian institution,
$4,000; metropolitan police, $211,050; collection of revenue from public lands, $260,300; sur
veying lands, $405,425 ; public buildings and grounds, $269,503. The whole sum in the bill is
$5,055^258. July 20, 1868.
No. 71. — To facilitate the settlement of certain prize cases in the southern district of Florida.
July 20, 1868.
No. 72.— Authorizing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri river at Fort Leaven-
worth, Kansas. July 20, 1868.
No. 73.— For the registration or enrolment of certain foreign vessels. July 20, 1868.
No. 74.— -Concerning the tax commissioners for the state of Arkansas. July 20, 18G8.
No. 75. — Amendatory of an act entitled "An act to authorize the construction of certain
bridges." July 20, 1868.
No. 76. — Providing for the sale of a portion of the Fort Gratiot military reservation. July
20, 1868.
No. 77.—TO aid the improvement of the Des Moines and Rock Island rapids. July 20, 1868.
No. 78. — Declaratory of the law in regard to officers cashiered or dismissed from the army by
the sentence of a general court-martial. No officer of the army of the United States who has
been or shall hereafter be cashiered or dismissed from the service by the sentence of a general
court-martial, formally approved by the proper reviewing authority, shall ever be restored to
the military service except by a re-appoinlmeiit, confirmed by the Senate of the United States.
July 20, 1868.
No. 79. — Imposing taxes on distilled spirits and tobacco, and for other purposes: Provides,
That there shall be levied and collected on all distilled spirits on which the tax prescribed by
law has not been paid, a tax of fifty cents on each and every proof gallon, to be paid before
removal from distillery warehouse; the tax on such spirits shall be collected on the whole num
ber of gauge or wine gallons when below proof, and shall be increased in proportion for any
greater strength than the strength of proof spirit as defined in this act ; and any fractional part
of a gallon in excess of the number of gallons in a cask or package shall be taxed as a gallon.
The tax on brandy made from grapes shall be the same and no higher than that upon other dis
tilled spirits ; the Commissioner of Internal Revenue is authorized, with the approval of the
Secretary of the Treasury, to exempt distillers of brandy from apples, peaches or grapes exclu
sively, from such other of the provisions of this act relating to the manufacture of spirits as in
his judgment may seem expedient.
Every distillery, whether intended for use or otherwise, must be registered with the Assessor
of its district. Its owner must file with that officer notice of its location, description and
boundaries, its mashing, fermenting and distilling capacity, and its fermenting period, together
with the number, kinds and contents of the stills, boilers, tubs and cisterns employed. An
accurate plan of the distillery and its apparatus, showing the relative location of every still,
boiler, doubler, worm-tub, cistern, pipe-valve, and other parts of the machinery, must be dis
played upon the premises, and a copy filed with the Assessor. With the aid of a person, skill
ful and competent for such purpose, the Assessor is required to make a survey of every dis
tillery, and to estimate and determine its true producing capacity, for the purpose of assessment
in case of deficient returns. Copies of all the papers above referred to are sent to the revenue
office, where a full and complete record is kept of every distillery.
A warehouse must be established for every distillery, and, under the direction and control
of the Collector of the district, placed in charge of a storekeeper appointed by the Secretary
of the Treasury. A bond in the penal sum of double the tax upon the possible production of
the distillery for fifteen days must be given by the distiller, with at least two sureties approved
1869.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PUBLIC LAWS. 251
by the Assessors, conditioned, among other things, to a faithful compliance with all the pro
visions of the law.
All this must be done before a distillery is allowed to commence operations. Afterwards
daily reports are made by its storekeeper of all spirits entered and withdrawn from warehouse,
and monthly reports of materials used, beer made, and spirits produced at the distillery.
Reports of like character are made each month by the assessors, based upon the tri-monthly
reports to them from distillers, and including also their assessments of deficiencies, and of the
per diem and per barrel taxes imposed by law. These various reports when received, com
pared with and checked by each other, are duly recorded and filed. July 20, 1868.
No. 80.— To construct a wagon road from West Point to Cornwall Landing, all in the county
of Orange, state of New York. July 23, 1868.
No. 81. — To authorize the temporary supplying of vacancies in the Executive Department.
July 23, 1868.
No. 82. — Making a grant of land to the state of Minnesota to aid in the improvement of the
navigation of the Mississippi river; grants to the state of Minnesota for the purpose of aiding
said state in constructing and completing a lock and dam at Meeker's island, in the Mississippi
river, in said state ; two hundred thousand acres of public lands, to be selected in alternate
odd-numbered sections, from the public lands lying within the limits of the state of Minnesota.
July 23, 1868.
No. 83. — Making appropriations for the payment of invalid and other pensions of the United
States for the year ending June 30, 1869. Appropriates $30,350,000 in all. July 23, 1868.
No. 84.— To incorporate the " Washington Target-Shooting Association," in the District
of Columbia. July 23, 1868.
No. 85. — Making appropriations and to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the ser
vice of the government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1S68, and for other purposes. The
main items are: Legislative, $16,977.04 ; interior, $29,548.09 ; treasury, $61,882.40; construction,
$365,000; war, $1,612,530; bounties, $9,300; aqueduct, $52,500 ; Rock Island arsenal, $100,000 ;
post office, $912,500 ; reconstruction, $510,078.24 ; public buildings and grounds, $25,593 ; Indians,
$172,820.11 ; Washington city, $296,943.88 ; miscellaneous, $176,277.57. The whole sum is $4,-
341,970.33. July 25, 1868.
No. 86.— For the relief of the loyal Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians. July 25, 1868.
No. 87. — Providing a temporary government for the territory of Wyoming. July 25, 1868.
No. 88.— In addition to an act passed March 26, 1804, entitled "An act in addition to an act
entitled 'An act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States.1 " July
25, 1868.
No. 89.— To provide for a further issue of temporary loan certificates, for the purpose of re
deeming and retiring the remainder of the outstanding compound interest notes, authorizes the
Secretary of the Treasury to issue an additional amount of temporary loan certificates, not ex
ceeding twenty-five millions of dollars ; said certificates to bear interest at the rate of three per
centum per annum, principal and interest payable in lawful money on demand. July 25, 186S.
No. 90.— To create an additional land district in the State of Minnesota. July 25, 1868.
No. 91.— To incorporate the National Life Insurance Company of the United States of Ameri
ca. July 25, 1868.
No. 92.— To confirm the title to certain lands in the State of Nebraska. July 25, 1868.
No. 93.— Authorizing the trustees of Union Chapel of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the
city of Washington, to mortgage their property for church purposes. July 25, 1868.
No. 94.— To extend the time for the construction of the Southern Pacific railroad in the state
of California. July 25, 1868.
No. 95.— Providing for the sale of the arsenal grounds at St. Louis and Liberty, Missouri, and
for other purposes. July 25, 1868.
No. 96.— To establish certain post-roads. July 25, 1868.
No. 97.— Relating to the Freedmen's Bureau, and providing for its discontinuance : Provides,
that the duties and powers of Commissioner of the Bureau for the relief of Freedmen and Refu
gees, shall continue to be discharged by the present Commissioner of the Bureau ; and in case
of vacancy in said office occurring by reason of his death or resignation, the same shall be filled
by appointment of the President on the nomination of the Secretary of War, and with the ad
vice and consent of the Senate ; and no officer of the army shall be detailed for service as Com
missioner or shall enter upon the duties of Commissioner unless appointed by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate ; and all assistant commissioners, agents, clerks, and assist
ants, shall be appointed by the Secretary of War on the nomination of the Commissioner of the
Bureau ; and that the Commissioner of the Bureau, shall on the first day of January next, cause
252 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
the said Bureau to be withdrawn from the several States within which said Bureau has acted,
and its operations shall be discontinued. But the educational department of said bureau, and
the collection and payment of moneys due the soldiers, sailors and marines, or their heirs, shall
be continued as now provided by law, until otherwise ordered by act of Congress. (Passed over
the President's veto).
No. 98. — To further amend the postal laws. Provides, that when any writer of a letter, on
which the postage is prepaid, shall endorse in writing or in print upon the outside thereof his
name and address, the same, after remaining uncalled for at the post office to which it is direct
ed 30 days, or the time the writer may direct, shall be returned to the said writer without ad
ditional postage, whether a specific request for such return be endorsed on the letter or not ;
and fixes charges for money orders as follows, viz. : For one dollar or any sum not exceeding
$20, a fee of ten cents ; for all orders exceeding $20 and not exceeding $30, fifteen cents ; for all
orders exceeding $30 and not exceeding $40, twenty cents ; for all orders exceeding $40 and not
exceeding $50, twenty-five cents. July 27, 1868.
No. 99. — Making an appropriation of money to carry into effect the treaty with Russia of
March 30, 1867. July 27, 1868.
No. 100. — Making appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the Indian de
partment, and for fulfilling treaty stipulations with various Indian tribes for the jrcar ending
June 30, 18(J9, and for other purposes. For superintendents, agents, clerks, interpreters, and
contingencies, fulfilling treaties, and all other matters, about $3,250,000. July 27, 1SG8.
No. 101.— Concerning the rights of American citizens in foreign States. July 27, 1868.
No. 102.— To establish a new land district in the State of Nebraska. July 27, 1868.
No. 103.— Regulating the sale of hay in the District of Columbia. July 27, 1868.
No. 104. — To incorporate the Evening Star Newspaper Company, of Washington. July
27, 1868.
No. 105.— Authorizing the city of Washington to issue bonds for the purpose of paying the
floating debt of the city. July 27, 1868.
No. 106. — To amend section one of "An Act to prevent and punish frauds upon the revenue,
and for other purposes," approved March 3, 1863: requires, that in case of goods, wares, and
merchandise, imported from a foreign country adjacent to the United States, the declaration in
this section hereinbefore required may be made to, and the certificate indorsed by, the consul,
vice-consul, or commercial agent, at or nearest to the port or place of clearance for the United
States. July 27, 1868.
No. 107.— Supplementary to an act entitled "An Act to allow the United States to prosecute
appeals and writs of error, without giving security," and for other purposes. July 27, 1868.
No. 108.— To protect the rights of actual settlers upon the public lands of the United States.
July 27, 1868.
No. 109. — Changing the ports of entry from Plymouth to Edenton, in North Carolina, and
Port Royal to Beaufort, in South Carolina. July 27, 1868.
No. 110. — In amendment of an act entitled " An act to establish a uniform system of bank
ruptcy throughout the United States ; " Provides, that " In all proceedings in bankruptcy com
menced after the first day of January, 1869, no discharge shall be granted to a debtor whose as
sets shall not be equal to fifty per centum of the claims proved against his estate upon which
he shall be liable as the principal debtor, unless the assent in writing of a majority in number
and value of his creditors to whom he shall have become liable as principal debtor, and who
Khali have proved their claims, be filed in the case at or before the time of the hearing of the
application for discharge. July 27, 1868.
No. 111. — To transfer to the Department of the Interior certain powers and duties now exer
cised by the Secretary of the Treasury in connection with Indian affairs. July 27, 1868.
No. 112. — To provide for an American line of mail and emigrant passenger steamships be
tween New York and one or more European ports. The postmaster general may contract with
the Commercial Navigation Company for conveyance of mails weekly or semi-weekly between
New York and Bremen, touching at Southampton or Liverpool and Queenstown, the steamers
to be first-class constructed and owned in the United States, contract not to exceed fifteen years
in duration. The company must within one year have ready seven first-class steamships, the
postmaster general to have inspection of them if he desires, average rate of speed to be equal
to other lines. That the compensation for carrying the mails, as shall be in conformity with
the act of Congress, approved June 14, 1858, and shall in no event exceed the sum therein pro
vided, being all postage on letters, newspapers, and all other matter transported by or in the
mails carried by said navigation company, shall belong to said company, and shall be paid to
gaid company quarterly, or applied to their use. Provided, That when the receipts from sea
1809.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PUBLIC LAWS. 353
pontages shall equal or exceed the sum of four hundred thousand dollars per annnm, then the
right of said company to receive the inland postages shall cease, and said company shall only,
receive the sea postages : Provided, That such postages shall not exceed six hundred thou
sand dollars per annum, after the discontinuance of said inland postage. That to insure the
construction of the above-mentioned vessels within the time and in the manner provided, the
said Commercial Navigation Company may issue bonds to such an amount that the entire an
nual interest thereon shall not exceed the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, such
bonds to be made payable at the expiration of fifteen years. For the protection of the holders
of said bonds they are to be registered at the post ofiice department, and the postage earned by
the steamships is to be applied for the payment of the interest and to provide a sinking fund
for the redemption of the principal of the bonds. July 27, 1868.
No. 113.—" Relating to the Alexandria Canal." July 27, 1868.
No. 114.— "Making Appropriations for the service of the Columbia Institution for the Instruc
tion of the Deaf and Dumb, and establishing additional regulations for the Government of the
institution, and for other purposes," appropriates for Columbia Institution, $65,000 ; Govern
ment Hospital for Insane, $97,500; Columbia Hospital for Women, and Lying-in Asylum, $15.-
000; Providence Hospital, $30,000; National Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, $1,000; care
of transient paupers, &c., $12,000; in all, $241,500. 2. One Senator and two Representatives
added to directors of Columbian Institution. 3. Real and personal property to be devoted to
no other purpose than education ; real estate not to be alienated but under special act. 4. Re
peals payment for pupils admitted by order of Secretary of Interior. 5. Number of students
from the several States, under act of March 2, 1867, increased from ten to twenty-five. 6. Su
perintendents of the institutions to make annual reports of expenditures. July 27, 1868.
No. 115. — "Making Appropriations for certain executive expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1869," appropriates for State Department, $41,000 ; arched roadway over
Tiber creek. $5,000, provided city of Washington apppropriates sufficient additional to complete
work ; Henry B. Ste. Marie, the spy in the Surratt case, $10,000; in all, $56,000. July 27, 1868.
No. 116. — "Relating to pensions," arranges precedence to relatives. 1. Mothers. 2. Fathers.
3. Orphan brothers or sisters, under sixteen ; pensions for wounds or disease, only when re
ceived in line of duty ; with minor details. July 27, 1868.
No. 117.—" To pay for indexing the tax-bill." July 27, 1868.
No. 118. — "To correct an error in the enrollment of the 'Act imposing taxes on distilled spir
its and tobacco, and for other purposes,'" supplying the word "not" before "more than one
pint" in last clause of section 48. July 27, 1868.
No. 119.— "Amendatory of an act entitled 'An act granting public lands to the State of Wis
consin, to aid in the construction of railroads in said State,' approved June 3, 1856," permits
the change of benefit in lands granted for La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad to Wisconsin
Railroad Farm Mortgage Company. July 27, 1868.
No. 120.— " Granting the right of way to certain railway companies over the Military Reser
vation at Fort Leavenworth." July 27, 1868.
No. 121. — " Donating a portion of the Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation for the exclu
sive use of a public road." July 27, 1868.
No. 122.— " Regulating the times and places of holding the District and Circuit Courts of the
United States for the northern district of Florida." July 27, 1868.
No. 123.— "To disapprove an Act of the Legislative Assembly of Washington Territory, re-
districting the Territory, and re-assigning the judges thereto." July 27, 1868.
No. 124.— To amend an act entitled "An act proposing to the State of Texas the establish
ment of her northern and western boundaries, the relinquishment of said State of all territory
claimed by her, exterior to said boundaries, and of all her claims upon the United States, and
to establish a territorial government for New Mexico." 1. Gives the Governor of New Mexico
the "veto" power. 2. Constitutes the Secretary of the Territory ex-officio superintendent of
public grounds and buildings. July 27, 1868.
No. 125. — "To extend the laws of the United States relating to customs, commerce and navi
gation over the territory ceded to the United States by Russia, to establish a collection district
therein, and for other purposes," the "other purposes" being a prohibition of the killing of
fur-bearing animals, except under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury ; giv
ing jurisdiction of offences to the district courts in California, Oregon and Washington ; au
thorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to remit penalties, and appropriates $50,000 to carry the
act into effect, and to collect internal revenue. July 27, 1868.
No. 126.— "Authorizing the Manufacturers' National Bank of New York to change its loca
tion"— to the city of Brooklyn. July 27, 1868.
254 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869
No. 127.— "Relating to the district courts of Utah Territory," giving the Governor power to
assign terms of district court. July 27, 1863.
No. 128.— " Regulating judicial proceedings in certain cases, for the protection of officers and
agents of the Government, and for the better protection of the treasury against unlawful
claims." 1. Extends the provisions of section 8, of the act of July 28, 1866, "to protect the
revenue, and for other purposes," and of section 12 of the act. of March 3, 1863, to all suits and
proceedings, except those in behalf of the United States, against any officer, or for acts done
during the rebellion by virtue or color of his office, or employment. 2. That no action shall be
maintained by any alien or in his behalf or interest, against any person for acts or omissions as
an officer or agent, under act of March 12, 1863, the act of July 2, 1864, or any other act of Con-'
gress relative to the insurrectionary states, and such facts may be pleaded in bar ; but this shall
not deprive citizens of a government allowing citizens of the United States to prosecute claims
against it in its courts, the privilege of bringing suit in the Court of Claims. 3. Declaring the
intent and meaning of the act of March 12, 1863, to be the precluding of the owner of any pro
perty taken under that act from redress in any other court than the Court of Claims, and the
defendant in all suits may plead the act in bar, provided that where claims are sustained under
this act, no money shall be paid except after appropriation. July 27, 1868. ^
PUBLIC RESOLUTIONS.
The following are the Public Resolutions of general interest :
No. 1. — Resolution excluding from the electoral college votes of certain States lately in Rebel
lion. That none of the States wrhose inhabitants were lately in rebellion shall be entitled to
representation in the electoral college for the choice of President and Vice President of the
United States, nor shall any electoral votes be received or counted from any of such States,
unless at the time prescribed by law for the choice of electors the people of such States, pursu
ant to the acts of Congress in that behalf, shall have, since the fourth day of March, eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven, adopted a constitution of State government under which a State gov
ernment shall have been organized and shall be in operation, nor unless such election of elect
ors shall have been held under the authority of such constitution and government, and such State
shall have also become entitled to representation in Congress, pursuant to the acts of Congress
in that behalf: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to apply to any State
which was represented in Congress on the fourth day of March, eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven. (Vetoed and repassed).
No. 4. — That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he is hereby, authorized to dispose of such
iron-clad vessels, except those of the " Dictator," " Kalamazoo," " Monadnock," and " Passaic"
classes, as in his judgment are not required by the interests of the service, at a price to be de
termined by appraisal, to be made by a board of not less than five naval officers, two of whom
shall be engineers.
No. 5.— That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby authorized and directed to take imme
diate measures for the reduction of the expenses of the army and of the war department at and
in the vicinity of New York city, at as early a day as practicable, by concentrating the business
of the quartermaster, commissary, clothing, ordnance, and medical bureaus, and recruiting
service in said city.
No. 6. — "For the -relief of destitute persons at the South," allows the issue of dessicated
potatoes, &c., to "destitutes" in the South, under the direction of the Commissioner of the
Freedmen'e Bureau.
No. 8. — "To provide for a commission to examine and report on metres for distilled spirits,"
to report before March 1, 1869.
No. 9. — That all moneys which have been received by any officer or employe [e] of the govern
ment, or any department thereof, from sales of captured and abandoned property in the late
insurrectionary districts, under or under color of the several acts of Congress providing for the
collection and sale of such property, and which have not already been actually covered into the
treasury, shall immediately be paid into the treasury of the United States, together with any
interest which has been received or accrued thereon. That a sum of the proceeds of such sales
not exceeding seventy-five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for the payment of the
necessary expenses incurred by or under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, for in
cidental expenses in acting under the laws respecting the collection and disposition of captured
and abandoned property, and for the necessary expenses of defending, in the discretion of the
Secretary of the Treasury, such suits as have been brought against him or his agents in the
premises, and for prosecuting suits in the United States for the recovery of such property, and
1869-1 PROCLAMATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT. 255
for providing for the defence of the United States against suits for or in respect to such property
in the court of claims.
No. 11 — "To authorize the Secretary of War to employ counsel in certain cases," to provide
counsel for Generals Meade and Ruger, and any other persons intrusted with the re-enforcement
of the reconstruction acts. [Passed through lapse of time, without President's approval.]
No. 14. — That section eight of an act entitled " An act granting lands to aid in the construc
tion of a railroad and telegraph line from Lake Superior to Puget Sound, on the Pacific coast,"'
is hereby so amended as to read as follows : That each and every grant, right, and privilege
herein, are so made and given to and accepted by said Northern Pacific Railroad Company upon
and subject to the following conditions, namely: That the said company shall commence the
work on said road within two years from and after the second day of July, eighteen hundred and
sixty-eight, and shall complete not less than one hundred miles per year after the second year
thereafter, and shall construct, equip, furnish, and complete the whole road by the fourth day
of July, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-seven.
No. 15. — "Authorizing the Lighthouse Board to place warnings over obstructions at the en
trance of harbors, or in the fairway of bays and sounds, and for other purposes," the "ether
purposes " being the appointment of a commissioner to examine the wreck of steamer Scot
land, in the harbor of New York.
No. 17. — That the time fixed and limited by an act entitled "An act granting lands to aid in
the construction of certain railroads in the State of Wisconsin," approved May fifth, eighteen
hundred and sixty-four, for the completion of the railroad from Tomah, in the county of Mon
roe, to Saint Croix river or lake, between townships twenty-five and thirty-one, be, and the
same is hereby, further extended for a period of three years to the West Wisconsin Railroad
Company, a corporation established by the lawa of the State of Wisconsin, and which by the
laws of said State, is entitled to the land grant made in the .second section of said act : Provided,
That if said railway company shall not have completed said railroad from Tomah to Black River
Falls, on or before the expiration of one year from the passage of this resolution, this act shall
be null and void.
No. 19. — That all who served as officers, non-commissioned officers, privates or other enlisted
men in the regular army, volunteer or militia forces of the United States, during the war of the
rebellion, and have been honorably discharged from the service or remain still in the same,
shall be entitled to wear, on occasions of ceremony, the distinctive army badge ordered for and
adopted by the army corps and division, respectively, in which they served. «
No. 23. — That the people of the United States renew the expression of their sympathy with
the suffering people of Crete, to whom they are bound by the ties of" a common religion and of
the gratitude due to the Greek race, of which the Cretans are a part ; that they rejoice to believe
that the suffering of this interesting people may be happily terminated by a policy of forbear
ance on the part of the Turkish Government.
PROCLAMATIONS OP THE PRESIDENT.
FIRST AMNESTY PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, In the month of July, A. D. 1861, in accepting the condition of civil war, which was
brought about by insurrection and rebellion in several of the States which constitute the United
States, the two houses of Congress did solemnly declare that the war was not waged on the part
of the government in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjugation,
nor for any purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions
of the States, but only to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution of the United
States, and to preserve the Union with all the dignity, equality and rights of the several States
unimpaired; and that so soon as these objects should be accomplished, the war on the part of
the government should cease :
And whereas, The President of the United States has heretofore, in the spirit of that decla
ration, and with the view of securing for it ultimate and complete effect, set forth several proc
lamations, offering amnesty and pardon to persons who had been or were concerned in the
aforesaid rebellion, which proclamations, however, were attended with prudential reservations
and exceptions, then deemed necessary and proper, and which proclamations were respectively
issued on the 8th day of December, 1803, on the 26th day of March, 1864, on the 29th day of May,
1865, and on the 7th day of September, 1867 :
And whereas, The said lamentable civil war has long since altogether ceased, with an ac
knowledged guarantee to all the States of the supremacy of the Federal Constitution and the
government thereunder; and there no longer exists any reasonable ground to apprehend a re-
256 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
newal of the said civil war, or any foreign interference, or any unlawful resistance by any
portion of the people of any of the States to the Constitution and laws of the United States :
And whereas, It is desirable to reduce the standing army, and to bring to a speedy termination
military occupation, martial law, military tribunals, abridgment of freedom of speech and of
the press, and suspension of the privilege of habeas cmynis, and the right of trial by jury — such
encroachment upon our free institutions in times of peace being dangerous to public liberty,
incompatible with the individual rights of the citizen, contrary to the genius and spirit of our
republican form of government, and exhaustive of the national resources:
And whereas, It is believed that amnesty and pardon will tend to secure a complete and uni
versal establishment and prevalence of municipal law and order, in conformity with the Consti
tution of the United States, and to remove all appearances or presumptions of a retaliatory or
vindictive policy on the part of the government attended by unnecessary disqualifications, pains,
penalties, confiscations, and disfranchisements ; and on the contrary, to promote and procure
complete fraternal reconciliation among the whole people, with due submission to the Constitu
tion and laws :
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do, by
virtue of the Constitution and in the name of the people of the United States, hereby proclaim
and declare, unconditionally and without reservation, to all and to every person who directly or
indirectly participated in the late insurrection or rebellion, excepting such person or persons as
may be under presentment or indictment in any court of the United States having competent
jurisdiction upon a charge of treason or other felony, a full pardon and amnesty for the offence
of treason against the United States, or of adhering to their enemies during the late civil war,
with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, and except also as to any property
of which any person may have been legally divested under the laws of the United States.
In testimony whereof, I have signed these presents with my hand, and have caused the seal
of the United States to be hereunto affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, the fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of the independence of the United States of America the
ninety-third. ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President : WILLIAM II. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
PROCLAMATION OF GENERAL AMNESTY INCLUDING ALL POLITICAL OFFENDERS.
By the President of the United /States of America, a Proclamation.
Whereas, The President of the United States has heretofore set forth several proclamations,
offered amnesty and pardon to persons who had been or were concerned in the late rebellion
against the lawful authority of the Government of the United States, which proclamations were
severally issued on the 8th day of December, 1863, on the 26th day of March, 1864, on the 29th
day of May, 1865, on the 7th day of September, 1867, and on the 4th day of July, in the present
year : and
Whereas, The authority of the Federal Government having been re-established in all the
States and Territories within the jurisdiction of the United States, it is believed that such pru
dential reservations and exceptions as, at the dates of said several proclamations were deemed
necessary and proper, may now be wisely and justly relinquished, and that an universal am
nesty and pardon for participation in said rebellion, extended to all who have borne any part
therein, will tend to secure permanent peace, order, and prosperity throughout the land, and
to renew and fully restore confidence and fraternal feeling among the whole people, and their
respect for, and attachment to the National government, designed by its patriotic founders for
the general good :
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, by vir
tue of the power and authority in me vested by the Constitution, and in the name of the sover
eign people of the United States, do hereby proclaim and declare, unconditionally and without
reservation, to all and to every person who directly or indirectly participated in the late insur
rection or rebellion, a full pardon and amnesty for the offence of treason against the United
States or of adhering to their enemies during the late civil war, with restoration of all rights,
privileges and immunities, under the Constitution and the laws which have been made in
pursuance thereof.
In testimony whereof I have signed these presents with my hand and have caused the seal
of the United States to be hereunto affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, the twenty-fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of the independence of the United States
of America the ninety-third. ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the President : F. W. SEWARD, Acting Secretary of State.
1869.] FOURTEENTH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 257
August 13, 1868. — Proclamation of treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation between
United States and Nicaragua.
August 22, 1868. — Proclamation declaring Sitka a port of entry.
October 9, 1868. — Proclamation of treaty with Great Britain in regard to the rights of natural
ized citizens, and similar to the treaty with the North German Confederation.
October 31, 1868. — Proclamation of a treaty with the Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi, by
which they cede to the United States all their lands, in return for which ample compensation ia
made, and a tract of land set aside in the Indian country south of Kansas for their future home.
November 5, 1868. — Proclamation of an extradition treaty with Italy.
November 9, 1868. — Proclamation of the ratification of a treaty between the United States and
the Senecas, Shawnees, Quapaws, Peorias, Kaskaskias, Weas, Piankeshaws, Miainies, Ottawas,
and certain Wyandottes.
THE FOURTEENTH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT.
The following is the text of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, as passed at the
first bession of the XXXIXth Congress, June 16, 1866 :
ARTICLE XIV.
SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdic
tion thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State
shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the
United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due
process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
SEC. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their re
spective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not
taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and
Vice-President of the United States, representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial
ofiicers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male in
habitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in
any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representa
tion therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall
bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
SEC. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President
or Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any
State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the
United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of
any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection
or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; but Congress
may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including
debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing the insurrec
tion or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall
assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the
United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts, obli
gations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
SEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions
of this article.
On the 20th of July, 1868, Secretary Seward issued a circular reciting the action which had
been had by the respective States, and on the 21st, Congress adopted a resolution declaring the
foregoing article to be a part of the Constitution.
OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF ITS RATIFICATION.
To ALL WHOM THESE PRESENTS MAY COME, GREETING: Whereas, By an act of Congress
passed on the 20th of April, 1818, entitled "An act to provide for the publication of the laws of
the United States, and for other purposes," it is declared that "whenever official notice shall
have been received at the Department of State that any amendment which heretofore has been
and hereafter may be proposed to the Constitution of the United States has been adopted ac
cording to the provisions of the Constitution, it shall be the duty of the said Secretary of State
forthwith to cause the said amendment to be published in the newspapers authorized to pro
mulgate the laws, with his certificate, specifying the statute by which the same may have been
adopted, and that the same has become valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Consti
tution of the United States.'1
17
258 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1SG9.
And Whereas, The Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, on the 21 st
day of July, 18G8, adopted and transmitted to the Department of State a concurrent resolution,
which concurrent resolution is in the words and figures following, to wit :
Whereas, The Legislatures of the States of Connecticut, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon,
Vermont, West Virginia, Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois. Minnesota, New York, Wis
consin, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Michigan, Nevada, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Ne
braska, Maine, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Alabama, South Carolina, and Louisiana,
being three-fourths and more of the several States of the Union, have ratified the 14th article of
amendment to the Constitution of the United States, duly proposed by two-thirds of each
House of the XXXIXth Congress ; therefore
Resolved, By the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), that said Fourteenth
Article is hereby declared to be a part of the Constitution of the United States, and it shall be
duly promulgated as such by the Secretary of State.
And whereas, Official notice has been received at the Department of State, that the Legisla
tures of the several States next hereinafter named have, at the time respectively herein men
tioned, taken the proceedings, hereinafter recited, upon or in relation to the ratification of the
said proposed amendment, called Article 14, namely : The Legislature of Connecticut ratified
the amendment, June 80, 1866. The Legislature of New Hampshire ratified it July 7, 1866. The
Legislature of Tennessee ratified it July 19, 1866. The Legislature of New Jersey ratified it
September 11, 1866, and the Legislature of the same State passed a resolution in April, 1866, to
withdraw its consent to it. The Legislature of Oregon ratified it Sept. 19, 1866. The Legisla
ture of Texas rejected it Nov. 1, 1866. The Legislature of Vermont ratified it on or previous to
Nov. 9, 1866. The Legislature of Georgia rejected it Nov. 13, 1866, and the Legislature of the
same State ratified it July 21, 1868. The Legislature of North Carolina rejected it Dec. 4, 1866,
and the Legislature of the same State ratified it July 4, 1868. The Legislature of South Carolina
rejected it Dec. 20, 1866, and the Legislature of the same State ratified it July 9, 1868. The Leg
islature of Virginia rejected it Jan. 9, 1867. The Legislature of Kentucky rejected it Jan. 10,
1867. The Legislature of New York ratified it Jan. 10, 1867. The Legislature of Ohio ratified
it Jan. 11, 1867, and the Legislature of the same State passed a resolution in January, 1868, to
withdraw its consent to it. The Legislature of Illinois ratified it Jan. 15, 1867. The Legislature
of West Virginia ratified it Jan. 16, 1867. The Legislature of Kansas ratified it Jan. 18, 1867.
The Legislature of Maine ratified it Jan. 19, 1867. The Legislature of Nevada ratified it Jan.
22, 1867. The Legislature of Missouri ratified it on or previous to Jan. 26, 1867. The Legisla
ture of Indiana ratified it Jan. 29, 1867. The Legislature of Minnesota ratified it Feb. 1, 1867.
The Legislature of Rhode Island ratified it Feb. 7, 1867. The Legislature of Delaware rejected
it Feb. 7, 18G7. The Legislature of Wisconsin ratified it Feb. 12, 1867. The Legislature of
Pennsylvania ratified it Feb. 13, 1867. The Legislature of Michigan ratified it Feb. 15, 1867.
The Legislature of Massachusetts ratified it March 20, 1867. The Legislature of Maryland re
jected it March 23, 1867. The Legislature of Nebraska ratified it June 11, 1867. The Legisla
ture of Iowa ratified it April 3, 1868. The Legislature of Arkansas ratified it April 6, 1868. The
Legislature of Florida ratified it June 9, 1868. The Legislature of Louisiana ratified it July 9,
1868, and the Legislature of Alabama ratified it July 13, 1868.
And now, therefore, be it known that I, William II. Seward, Secretary of State of the United
States, in execution of the aforesaid act, and of the aforesaid concurrent resolution of the 21.st
of July, 1868, and in conformance thereto, do hereby direct the said proposed amendment to
the Constitution of the United States to be published in the newspapers authorized to promul
gate the laws of the United States, and I do hereby certify that the said proposed amendment
has been adopted in the manner herein before-mentioned by the States specified in the said con
current resolution, namely: the States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, Tennessee, New Jer
sey, Oregon, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Mis
souri, Indiana, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Massachusetts,
Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Louisiana, South Carolina, Alabama, and
also by the Legislature of the State of Georgia. The States thus specified being more than
three-fourths of the States of the United States, I do further certify that the said amendment
has become valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution of the United States.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of
State to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington, this 28th day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of the independence of the United States of America the
ninety-third.
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
1869.] SCHEDULE OF STAMP DUTIES. 359
SCHEDULE OF STAMP DUTIES.
AGREEMENT OR CONTRACT, other than those specified in this schedule, any Appraisement of
damage, or for any other purpose ; for every sheet or piece of paper on which written $0.05
If more than one agreement be written on the sheet of paper, for each 05
ASSIGNMENT of Mortgage, or Insurance Policy, same stamp as original document.
BANK CHECK, or Order, for any amount 02
BILL OF EXCHANGE, (inland), Draft or Order, otherwise than at sight, or on demand, or any
memorandum, check, receipt, promissory note, or other written or printed evidence
of money to be paid on demand or a time designated, for a sum not exceeding $100. .05
For every additional $100, or fractional part thereof. 05
BILL OF EXCHANGE, (foreign,) drawn in but payable out of the United States, if drawn
singly or otherwise than in a set of three or more 05
BILL OF EXCHANGE, if drawn in sets of three or more for every bill of each set, for $100
or less, or its equivalent in the foreign currency expressed in it 02
For every additional $100 or fractional part thereof 02
BILL OF LADING, or Receipt (other than Charter-Party) for goods to be exported to for
eign port. Duplicate same stamp as original 10
BILL OF SALE of any ship or vessel, or any part thereof, where the consideration is $500
or less 50
Exceeding $500 and less than $1,000 1.00
Exceeding $1,000, for every additional $500 50
Of personal property 05
BONDS OF INDEMNITY, Penalty $1,000 or less 50
Penalty exceeding $1,000, for every additional $1,000 or fractional part thereof 50
For due execution or performance of duties of office 1 .00
BOND of any description, other than such as are required in legal proceedings, or are used
in connection with mortgages, and not otherwise charged 25
BOND AND MORTGAGE. See Mortgage.
CERTIFICATE OF STOCK in any incorporated company 25
OF PROFITS, in an incorporated company, for $10 or under, to $50 10
For over $50 and not over $1,000 25
For over $1,000, for every $1,000 25
Of Damage 25
Of Deposit, for a sum not exceeding $100 02
Exceeding $100 05
Of any other description 05
CHARTER-PARTY, if tonnage does not exceed 150 tons 1.00
Exceeding 150 tons and less than 300 tons 3.00
Exceeding 300 tons and less than 600 tons 5.00
Exceeding 600 tons 10.00
CONTRACT, issued by brokers, &c 10
CONVEYANCE, deed, instrument, or writing, whereby any lands, tenements, or other realty
sold shall be granted, assigned, transferred, or otherwise conveyed to or vested in
the purchaser, when the consideration or value does not exceed $500 50
Value exceeding $500 and not exceeding $1,000 1.00
Exceeding $1,000, for every $500 or less additional 50
ENTRY, Custom House, for consumption or warehousing not exceeding $100 25
Exceeding $100, and not exceeding $500 50
Exceeding $500 1.00
ENTRY, WITHDRAWAL 50
INSURANCE (Life) Policy, for $1,000 or less 25
Exceeding $1,000, and not over $5,000 50
Exceeding $5,000 1.00
(Marine, Inland and Fire.) each Policy, consideration paid for which not exceeding $10. .10
Exceeding $10, and not exceeding $50 25
Exceeding $50 50
LEASE, where rent is $300 or less 50
Exceeding $300, for every additional $200 50
MANIFEST, tonnage not exceeding 300 tons 1.00
Exceeding 300 tons, and not exceeding 600 tons 3.00
Exceeding 600 tons 5.00
200 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
MORTGAGE on any personal bond given as security for the payment of any definite sum of
money, exceeding $100, and not exceeding $500 $0.50
Exceeding $500, for every additional $500 or fractional part thereof 50
PASSAGE TICKETS to Foreign ports, not exceeding $35 50
Exceeding $35, and not exceeding $50 1 .00
Exceeding $50, for every additional $50 or fractional part thereof 50
POWER OP ATTORNEY, for sale of stock, &c 25
Or Proxy to vote 10
To collect rents 2£
To sell land 1.00
POWER OP ATTORNEY for other purposes 50
PROBATE OP WILL or Letters of Administration, estate not exceeding in value $2,000 1.00
For every additional $1,000 in excess of $2,000 50
PROTEST 25
RECEIPTS, for the payment of money or a debt due, exceeding $20, not being for mortgage,
judgment, or decree ; and receipt for delivery of property, except express receipts. .02
Warehouse, for goods not exceeding $500 in value 10
Exceeding $500 and not exceeding $1,000 20
Exceeding $1,000, for every additional $1,000 or fractional part 10
For goods not otherwise provided for 25
WRIT, or other original process by which any suit is commenced in any Court of Record. . .50
In any court not of record, amount claimed being $100 or over 50
Appeals from Justice's Court 50
WARRANT OP DISTRESS, amount of rent not over $100 25
Exceeding $100 50
Penalties. Penalty for making, signing, or issuing any instrument, document, or paper of
any kind whatsoever, without the Bame being duly stamped, $200, and the instrument shall be
deemed invalid and of no effect ; or for counterfeiting stamps or dies, $1,000, and imprisonment
to hard labor not exceeding five years.
Penalty for making, signing, issuing, accepting or paying any Bill of Exchange, Draft, Order,
or Promissory Note without stamp, $200.
Penalty for accepting or paying a foreign Bill of Exchange without first affixing a stamp, $100.
Penalty recoverable from any Telegraph for receiving or transmitting any message without
the proper adhesive stamp being affixed to a written copy thereof, $10.
General Remarks. In all cases, the person affixing the stamp should write upon it the
initials of his name and the date when used.
The law does not designate which of the parties to an instrument shall furnish the necessary
stamp, nor does the Commissioner of Internal Revenue assume to determine that it shall be
supplied by one party rather than by another; but if an instrument subject to stamp duty
is issued without having the necessary stamps affixed thereto, it cannot be recorded, or ad
mitted, or used aa evidence, in any court, until a legal stamp or stamps, denoting the amount
of tax, shall have been affixed as prescribed by law, and the person who thus issues it is
liable to a penalty, if he omits the stamps with an intent to evade the provisions of the inter
nal revenue act.
No stamp i« necessary upon an instrument executed prior to October 1, 1862, to make it ad
missible in evidence, or to entitle it to record.
Certificates of loan in which there shall appear any written or printed evidence of an amount
of money to be paid on demand, or at a time designated, are subject to stamp duty as " prom
issory notes."
When two or more persons join in the execution of an instrument, the stamp to which the
instrument is liable under the law may be affixed and cancelled by either of them ; and " when
more than one signature is affixed to the same paper, one or more stamps may be affixed there
to, representing the whole amount of the stamp required for such signatures."
No stamp is required on any warrant of attorney accompanying a bond or note, when such
bond or note has affixed thereto the stamp or stamps denoting the duty required ; and, when
ever any bond or note is secured by mortgage, but one stamp duty is required on such papers —
such stamp duty being the highest rate required for such instruments, or cither of them. In
such case a note or memorandum of the value or denomination of the stamp affixed should be
made upon the margin or in the acknowledgment of the instrument which is not stamped.
I860.] FORTIETH CONGRESS. 261
FORTIETH CONGRESS. — Concluded.
ALPHABETICAL LIST op SENATORS, — Concluded from page 78.
Abbott, Joseph C. McDonald, Alexander Robertson, Thos. J. Warner, Willard
Harris, John S. Osborn, Thos. W. Sawyer, Frederic A. Welch, Adonijah S.
Kellogg, Wm. Pitt Pool, John Spencer, Geo. E.
McCreery, Thos. C. Rice, Benjamin F. Vickers, Geo.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES,— Concluded from page 78.
Beatty, John Delano, Columbus Haughey, Thos. Pierce, Chas. W.
Blackburn, W. Jasper Deweese, John T. Heaton, David Prince, Chas. H.
Boles, Thos.
Bowen, C. C.
Boyden, Nathaniel
Buckley, Chas. W.
Callis, John B.
Clift, J. W.
Dickey, Oliver J.
Dockery, Oliver II.
Edwards, Wm. P.
French, John R.
Goss, James H.
Gove, SanVl F.
Jones, Alexander H.
Kellogg, Francis W.
Lash, Israel T.
McKee, Sam1!
Newsham, Joseph P.
Norris, Benj.W.
Roots, Logan H.
Stover, John II.
Sypher, J. Hale
Tift, Nelson
Vidal, Michael
Whittemore, Benj. P.
Corley, Simeon Hamilton, Chas. M. Pettis, S. Newton Young, P. M. B.
STANDING COMMITTEES ON THE PART OP THE SENATE.
Foreign Relations. Messrs. Sumner (chairman), Fessenden, Cameron, Harlan, Morton, Pat
terson of New Hampshire, and Bayard.
Finances. Messrs. Sherman (chairman), Morgan, Warner, Williams, Corbett, Henderson,
Morrill of Vermont.
Appropriations. Messrs. Morrill of Maine, (chairman), Grimes, Howe, Wilson, Cole, Conk-
ling, Buckalew.
Commerce. Messrs. Chandler (chairman), Morrill of Vermont, Vickers, Spencer, Kellogg,
and Corbett.
Manufactures. Messrs. Sprague (chairman), Yates, Abbott, Dixon, and Robertson.
Agriculture. Messrs. Cameron (chairman), Cattell, Tipton, Welch, and McCreery.
Military Affairs and the Militia. Messrs. Wilson (chairman), Sprague, Cameron, Morton,
Abbott, Thayer, and Doolittle.
Naval Affairs. Messrs. Grimes (chairman), Anthony, Cragin, Frelinghuysen, Drake, Hen-
dricks.
Judiciary. Messrs. Trumbull (chairman). Stewart, Frelinghuysen, Edmunds, Conkling, Rice,
Hendricke.
Post-Offices and Post Roads. Messrs. Ramsey (chairman), Conness, Pomeroy, Van Winkle,
McDonald, Welch, and Dixon.
Public Lands. Messrs. Pomeroy (chairman), Stewart, Osborne, Williams, Tipton, Hendricks,
and Warner.
Private Land Claims. Messrs. Williams (chairman), Sumner, Kellogg, Ferry, Bayard.
Indian Affairs. Messrs. Henderson (chairman), Morrill of Maine, Ross, Corbett, Thayer,
Buckalew, Doolittle.
Pensions. Messrs. Van Winkle (chairman), Edmunds, Fowler, Tipton, Davis, Spencer, and
Sawyer.
Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Nye (chairman), Chandler, Pool, Patterson 'of Tenn., and
Saulsbury.
Claims. Messrs. Howe (chairman), Willey, Frelinghuysen, Howard, Robertson, Cole, and
Davis.
District of Columbia. Messrs. Harlan (chairman), Sumner, Rice, Patterson (N. H.), Harris,
Patterson (Tenn.), and Vickers.
Patents and the Patent Office. Messrs. Willey, Osborne, Thayer, Ferry, and Norton.
Public Buildings and Grounds. Messrs. Fessenden (chairman), Trumbull, Ferry, Davis, and
Whyte.
Territories. Messrs. Yates (chairman), Nye, Cragin, Fowler, McDonald, Ferry, McCreery,
Davis, and Norton.
Pacific Railroad. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Sherman, Morgan, Conness, Ramsey, Stewart,
Wilson, Harlan, and Drake,
To Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. Messrs. Cragin (chairman),
Morrill (Vt.), and Buckalew.
Engrossed Bills. Messrs. Fowler (chairman), Sumner, and Norton.
262
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[I860.
Mines and Mining. Messrs. Conucss (chairman), Chandler, Anthony, Yates, Ross, Saulsbury,
and Whyte.
Revision of the Laws of the United States. Messrs. Conkling (chairman), Suinner, Bales, Bay
ard, and Pool.
Special Committee on Raihvays. Messrs. Sherman (chairman), Suraner, Buckalew, Chandler,
Stewart, Ramsey, and Vickers.
Committee to inquire whether any improper means have been used, or attempted to be used, for
influencing (he rote of Senators upon the Impeachment. Messrs. Buckalew, Morrill (Me.), Chand
ler, Stewart, and Thayer.
JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES ON THE PART OF THE SENATE.
Printing. Messrs. Anthony, Whyte, and Harris.
Enrolled Bills. Messrs. Ross, Patterson (N. II.). and Dixon.
Library. Messrs. Morgan, Howe, and Fcssenden.
Retrenchment. Messrs. Edmunds, Williams, Patterson (N. II.), and Bnckalew.
To Revise and Fix the Pay of the Officers of the Two Houses. Messrs. Fessendcn, Sherman,
and Buckalew.
To Examine Claims and Accounts for Repairs, and Furnishing the Executive Mansion. Messrs.
Harland (chairman), and Norton.
Ordnance. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Cameron, and Drake.
Revising Rules of the Senate. Messrs. Anthony (chairman), Pomeroy, and Edmunds.
HOUSE APPOINTMENTS TO FILL VACANCIES.
Revision of Laivs. Messrs. McKee (Ky.), Dickey (Perm.), Boyden (N. C.), and Butler (Tcnu.)
Elections. Messrs. Pettus (Penn.), and Stover (Mo.)
Commerce. Mr. Kellogg (Ala.)
Appropriations. Mr. Scofield (Penn.)
Pacific Railroad. Mr. Trimble (Ky.)
Reconstruction. Mr. Norris (Ala.)
Military. Messrs. Deweese (N. C.), and Sypher (La.)
Freedmen's Affairs. Mr. Bowen (S. C.)
Education and Labor. Mr. Whittemore (S. C.)
Revolutionary Pensions. Messrs. Jones (N. C.), Clift (Ga.), and Blackburn (La.)
Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Dockery (N. C.), Goss (S. C.), and Edwards (Ga.)
Mileage. Mr. Young of Georgia.
Enrolled Bills. Mr. Callis of Alabama.
Expenditures in the State Department. Messrs. Vidal (La.), Corley (Ga.), and Boles <Ark.)
Expenditures in the Treasiiry Department. Messrs. Lash (N. C.), and Tift (Ga.)
Expenditures in the War Department. Mr. French of North Carolina.
Expenditures in the Navy Dejmrtment. Messrs. Buckalew (Ala.), and Gove (Ga.)
Expenditures in the Post- Office Department. Mr. Newsham of Louisiana.
Expenditures in the Interioi* Department. Messrs. Pierce (Ala.), and Prince (Ga.)
Expenditures on Public Buildings. Mr. Haughey of Alabama.
FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS — AS FAR AS CHOSEN.
ALABAMA.
Willard Warner
.1871
THE SENATE.
DELAWARE.
Willard Saulsbury.
Term
expires.
1871
INDIANA.
Oliver P Morton
Term
1873
George E. Spencer.
1873
Thos Bayard
1875
D D Pratt
187*1
ARKANSAS.
Alexander McDonald
.1871
FLORIDA.
Abijah Gilbert..
..1875
IOWA.
James W. Grimes
.. 1871
Thomas W. Osborn.
1873
Jamea Harlan
1873
CALIFORNIA.
Cornelius Cole
.1873
GEORGIA.
H. V. M. Miller
1871
KANSAS.
1871
Eugene Casserly
1875
Joshua Hill
1873
1873
CONNECTICUT.
Orris S. Ferry
William A. Buckingham.
.1873
.1875
ILLINOIS.
Richard Yates
Lyrnan Trumbull
..1871
..1873
KENTUCKY.
Thos. C. McCreery
Garret Davis...
...1871
...1873
I860.]
FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS.
LOUISIANA.
NEBRASKA.
RHODE ISLAND.
Win. Pitt Kellogg 1871
John M. Thaver 1871
Thomas W Tipton 1875
Henry B. Anthony 1871
MAINE.
NEVADA.
James W. N>'6 1873
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Wra. Pitt Fessenden 1871
William M Stewart. . . . 1875
Thomas J. Robertson 1871
Hannibal Hamlin 1875
Frederick A. Sawyer 1873
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
MARYLAND.
Aaron H. Cragin 1871
TENNESSEE.
George Vickers 1873
James W. Patterson 1873
Joseph S. Fowler 1871
Win. T. Hamilton 1875
William G. Brownlow. . '. '. '. 1875
NEW JERSEY.
Alexander G Cattell 1871
MASSACHUSETTS.
John P Stockton 1875
TEXAS.
Henry Wilson 1871
(Not represented in the
Charles Sunnier 1875
NEW YORK.
Senate) .
Roscoe Conkling 1873
MICHIGAN.
Reuben E. Fenton 1875
VERMONT.
Jacob M. Howard 1871
Justin S. Morrill 1873
Zachariah Chandler 1875
NORTH CAROLINA.
Joseph C. Abbott 1871
George F. Edmunds 1875
.
John Pool 1873
MINNESOTA.
VIRGINIA.
DanielS Norton 1871
OHIO.
(Not represented in the
Alexander Ramsey 1875
John Sherman 1873
Senate) . •
Allen G. Thurman! ...... 1875
MISSISSIPPI.
WEST VIRGINIA.
(Not represented in the
OREGON.
George H. Williams 1871
Waitman T. Willey 1871
MISSOUBI.
Henry W. Corbett 1873
PENNSYLVANIA.
WISCONSIN.
Charles D. Drake 1873
Simon Cameron 1873
Timothy O. Howe 1873
Carl Schurz . . . . . 1875
John Scott 1875
Matt. H. Carpenter. '. . . . . 1875
HOUSE or REPRESENTATIVES.
ALABAMA.
10. Albert G. Burr.
LOUISIANA.
(No members of Congress
chosen in 1868).
11. Samuel S. Marshall.
12. John B. Hay.
13. John M. Krebs.
1. Louis St. Martin.
2. Lewis A. Sheldon.
3. Adolphe Bailey.
ARKANSAS.
• .
4. Michael Ryan.
1. Logan H. Roots.
2. A. A. C. Rogers.
3. L. B. Nash.
INDIANA.
1. William E. Niblack.
2. Michael C. Kerr.
5. George W. McCranie.
MAINE.
3. William S. Holman.
CALIFORNIA.
4. George W. Julian.
2! Samuel Merrill.
1. Samuel B. Axtell.
2. Aaron A. Sargent.
3. James A. Johnson.
5. John Coburn.
6. Daniel W. Voorhees.
7. Godlove S. Orth.
8. Daniel D. Pratt.
3. James G. Elaine.
4. John A. Peters.
5. Eugene Hale.
CONNECTICUT.
9. John P. C. Shanks.
10. William Williams.
MARYLAND.
(Elects four members in April).
11. Jasper Packard.
1. Samuel Hambleton.
2. Stevenson Archer.
DELAWARE.
IOWA.
3. Thomas Swann.
1. Benjamin T. Briggs.
1. George W. McCrary.
4. Patrick Hamill.
5. Frederick Stone.
2. William Smyth.
FLORIDA.
1. Charles M. Hamilton.
3. William B. Allison.
4. William Loughridge.
5. Francis W. Palmer.
MASSACHUSETTS.
1. James Bufflnton.
GEORGIA.
(No election for this Congress).
6. Charles Pomeroy.
KANSAS.
2. Oakes Ames.
3. Ginery Twitchell.
4. Samuel Hooper.
ILLINOIS.
1. Sidney Clarke.
5. Benjamin F. Butler.
6. Nathaniel P. Banks.
John A. Logan. At Large.
KENTUCKY.
7. George S. Boutwell.
1. Norman B. Judd.
2. J. F. Farnsworth.
1. L. S. Trimble.
2. Wm. M. Sweeney.
8. George F. Hoar.
9. Wm. B. Washburn.
3. E. B. Washburne.
3. Jacob S. Golladay.
10. Henry L. Dawes.
4. John B. Hawley.
4. J. Proctor Knott.
5. Ebon C. Ingersoll
6. Burton C. Cook.
5. Boyd Winchester.
6. Thomas L. Jones.
MICHIGAN.
1. Fernando C. Beaman.
7. Jesse A. Moore.
8. Shelby M. Cullom.
9. Tho'n W. McNeeley.
7. James B. Beck.
8. George M. Adams.
9. John M. Rice.
2. Wm. L. Stoughton.
3. Austin Blair.
4. Thomas W. Ferry.
264
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
5. OmarD. Conger.
21. Alexander H. Bailey.
16. John Cessna.
6. Randolph Strickland.
22. John C. Churchill.
17. Daniel J. Morrill.
23. Dennis McCarthy.
18. William H. Armstrong.
MINNESOTA.
2-1. George W. Cowles.
19. Glenni W. Scofield.
1. Morton S. Wilkinson.
2. Eugene M. Wilson.
25. William H. Kelsey.
26. Giles W. Hotchkiss.
27. Hamilton Ward.
20. Calvin W. Gilfillan.
21. Henry D. Foster.
(Contested by John Co-
AT
28. Noah Davis, Jr.
vode).
(Nore.gularelect.ion. The State
is still unreconstructed).
29. John Fisher.
30. David S. Bennett.
31. Porter Sheldon.
22. James S. Negley.
23. Darwin Phelps.
24. James B. Donley.
MISSOURI.
NORTH CAROLINA.
RHODE ISLAND.
1. Erastus Wells.
2. G. A. Finkclburg.
3. J. R. McCormick.
4. Sempro. H. Boyd.
5. Samuel S. Burdett.
1. C. L. Cobb.
2. David Heaton.
3. Oliver H. Dockery.
4. John T. Dcwcese.
5. Israel G. Lash.
1. Thomas A. Jenckes.
2. Nathan F. Dixon.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
6. James Shields.
6. Francis E. Shober.
1. B. F. Whittemore.
7. John F. Asper.
7. Plato Durham.
2. C. C. Bowen.
8. John F. Benjamin.
3. J. P. Reed.
9. William T. Switzer.
OHIO.
4. W. D. Simpson.
NEBRASKA.
1. Philip W. Strader.
TENNESSEE.
1. John Taffe.
NEVADA.
1. Thomas Fitch.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
(Will elect three members in
March).
2. Job E. Stevenson.
3. Robert C. Schenck.
4. William Lawrence.
5. William Mungen.
6. John A. Smith.
7. James J. Winans.
8. John Beatty.
9. Edward F. Dickinson.
10. Truman H. Hoag.
1. Robert R. Butler.
2. Horace Maynard.
3. William B. Stokes.
4. Lewis Tillman.
5. William F. Prosser.
6. Samuel M. Arnell.
7. Isaac R. Hawkins.
8. John W. Leftwich.
NEW JERSEY.
11. John T. Wilson.
12. Philad. V. Trump.
TEXAS.
1. William Moore.
13. George W. Morgan.
(No election held in this State
2. Charles Haight.
14. Martin Welker.
except for a Constitutional
3. John T. Bird.
15. Eliakim H. Moore.
Convention).
4. John Hill.
IB. John A. Bingham.
5. Orestes Cleveland.
17. Jacob A. Ambler.
VERMONT.
NEW YORK.
18. William H. Upson.
19. James A. Garfield.
1. Charles W. Willard.
2. Luke P. Poland.
1. Henry A. Reeves.
2. John G. Schumaker.
OREGON.
3. Worthington C. Smith.
3. Henry W. Slocum.
1. J. S. Smith.
VIRGINIA.
4. John Fox.
5. John Morrissey.
6. Samuel S. Cox.
PENNSYLVANIA.
1. Samuel J. Randall.
(No election held since the
vote for a Convention in
18(37)
7. Harvey C. Calkins
2. Charles O'Neill.
8. James Brooks.
3. John Moftatt.
"Wf V
9. Fernando Wood.
10. Clarkson N. Potter.
11. George W. Greene.
12. John H. Ketcham.
13. John A. Griswold.
4. William D. Kelley.
5. John R. Reading.
6. John D. Stiles.
7. Washington Townsend.
8. J. Lawrence Getz.
1. Isaac II. Duval.
2. James C. McGrew.
3. John S. Witcher.
14. Stephen L. Mayham.
9. Oliver J. Dickey.
WISCONSIN.
15. Adolphus H. Tanner.
10. Henry L. Cake.
1. Halbert E. Paine.
16. Orange Ferriss.
17. William A. Wheeler.
11. Daniel M. Van Auken.
12. George W. Woodward.
2. Benjamin F. Hopkins.
3. Amasa Cobb.
18. Stephen Sanford.
19. Charles S. Knapp.
13. Ulysses Mercur.
14. John B. Packer.
4. Charles A. Eldridge.
5. Philetus Sawyer.
20. Addison H. Laliin.
15. Richard J. Haldeman.
6. Cad. C. Washburne.
POLITICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CONGRESS.
Were the States all reconstructed and represented in Congress, the number of Senators
would be 74, and the number of members of the House of Representatives 243. But as Missis
sippi, Texas, and Virginia are not represented, the present number is, in the Senate 66, and in
the House of Representatives, 225.
In the Fortieth Congress, the members are politically classified as follows : In the Senate-
Republicans, 54 ; Democrats, 12; Republican majority, 42. In the House — Republicans, 174;
Democrats, 48—3 vacancies ; Republican majority, 126.
In the Forty-first Congress, the members elect are: In the Senate — Republicans, 56; Demo
crats, 11 — 7 vacancies; Republican majority, 45. In the House — Republicans, 132 ; Democrats,
74; Republican majority, 58,— 37 vacancies, or not yet elected.
1869.] NATIONAL PLATFORMS. 265
NATIONAL, PLATFORMS OP 1868.
REPUBLICAN, AT CHICAGO, MAY.
The National Republican party of the United States, assembled in National Convention in
the city of Chicago, on the 21st of May, 1806, make the following declaration of principles :
1. We congratulate the country on the assured success of the reconstruction policy of Con
gress, as evinced by the adoption, in a majority of the States lately in rebellion, of constitutions
securing equal civil and political rights to all ; and it is the duty of the Government to sustain
those institutions and to prevent the people of such States from being remitted to a state
of anarchy.
2. The guaranty by Congress of equal suffrage to all loyal men at the South was demanded by
every consideration of public safety, of gratitude, and of justice, and must be maintained :
while the question of suffrage in all the loyal States properly belongs to the people of those
States.
3. We denounce all forms of repudiation as a national crime ; and the national honor requires
the payment of the public indebtedness in the uttermost good faith to all creditors at home and
abroad, not only according to the letter, but the spirit of the laws under which it was contracted.
4. It is due to the labor of the nation that taxation should be equalized, and reduced as rap
idly as the national faith will permit.
5. The national debt, contracted as it has been for the preservation of the Union for all time
to come, should be extended over a fair period for redemption ; and it is the duty of Congress to
reduce the rate of interest thereon, whenever it can be honestly done.
6. That the best policy to diminish our burden of debt is to so improve our credit that capi
talists will seek to loan us money at lower rates of interest than we now pay, and must continue
to pay so long as repudiation, partial or total, open or covert, is threatened or suspected.
7. The Government of the United States should be administered with the strictest economy ;
and the corruptions which have been so shamefully nursed and fostered by Andrew Johnson
call loudly for radical reform.
8. We profoundly deplore the untimely and tragic death of Abraham Lincoln, and regret the
accession to the Presidency of Andrew Johnson, who has acted treacherously to the people who
elected him and the cause he was pledged to support ; who has usurped high legislative and ju
dicial functions; who has refused to execute the laws; who has used his high office to induce
other officers to ignore and violate the laws ; who has employed his executive powers to render
insecure the property, the peace, liberty and life, of the citizen ; who has abused the pardoning
power ; who has denounced the national legislature as unconstitutional • who has persistently
and corruptly resisted, by every means in his power, every proper attempt at the reconstruction
of the States lately in rebellion ; who has perverted the public patronage into an engine of
wholesale corruption ; and who has been justly impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors,
and properly pronounced guilty thereof by the vote of thirty-five Senators.
9. The doctrine of Great Britain and other European powers, that because a man \s once a
subject he is always so, must be resisted at every hazard by the United States, as a relic of feu
dal times, not authorized by the laws of nations, and at war with our national honor and inde
pendence. Naturalized citizens are entitled to protection in all their rights of citizenship, as
though they were native-born ; and no citizen of the United States, native or naturalized, intiHt
be liable to arrest and imprisonment by any foreign power for acts done or words spoken in this
country ; and, if so arrested and imprisoned, it is the duty of the Government to interfere in
his behalf.
10. Of all who were faithful in the trials of the late war, there were none entitled to more
especial honor than the brave soldiers and seamen who endured the hardships of campaign and
cruise, and imperilled their lives in the service of the country ; the bounties and pensions pro
vided by the laws for these brave defenders of the nation are obligations never to be forgotten ;
the widows and orphans of the gallant dead are the wards of the people — a sacred legacy be
queathed to the nation's protecting care.
11. Foreign immigration, which in the past has added so much to the wealth, development,
and resources, and increase of power to this republic, the asylum of the oppressed of all nations,
should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy.
12. This convention declares itself in sympathy with all oppressed peoples struggling for
their rights.
13. That we highly commend the spirit of magnanimity and forbearance with which men who
have served in the rebellion, but who now frankly and honestly co-operate with us in restoring
the peace of the country and reconstructing the southern State governments upon the basis
26G THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
of impartial justice and equal rights, are received back into the communion of the loyal people ;
and we favor the removal of the disqualifications and restrictions imposed upon the late rebels
in the same measure as the spirit of disloyalty will die out, and as may be consistent with the
safety of the loyal people.
14. That we recognize the great principles laid down in the immortal Declaration of Inde
pendence, as the true foundation of democratic government ; and we hail with gladness every
effort toward making these principles a living reality on every inch of American soil.
SOLDIERS' -AND SAILORS' NATIONAL CONVENTION AT CHICAGO, MAT.
1. Resolved, That the soldiers and sailors, steadfast now as ever to the Union and the flag, and
fully recognizing the claims of General Ulysses S. Grant to the confidence of the American peo
ple, and believing that its victories under his guidance in war will be illustrated by him in peace
by such measures as shall secure the fruits of our exertions and the restoration of the Union
upon a loyal basis, we declare it as our deliberate conviction that he is the choice of the soldiers
and sailors of the Union for the office of President of the United States.
2. That in the maintenance of those principles which underlie our Government, and for which
we fought during four years, we pledge our earnest and active support to the Republican party
as the only political organization which, in our judgment, is true to the principles of loyalty
and equality before the law.
3. That speaking for ourselves and the soldiers and sailors who imperilled their lives to pre
serve the Union, we believe that the impeachment of Andrew Johnson by the House of Repre
sentatives, for high crimes and misdemeanors in office, and his trial by the United States Sen
ate, have presented unmistakable proofs of his guilt, and that whatever may be the judgment
of the tribunal before which he is arraigned, the verdict of guilty has been rendered by the
people, and we regard any Senator who has voted for acquittal as falling short of the proper
discharge of his duty in this hour of the nation's trial, and as unworthy of the confidence of a
brave and loyal people.
4. That the soldiers and sailors recognize no difference between native and adopted citizens,
and they demand that the Government shall protect naturalized citizens abroad as well as those
of native birth.
GENERAL GRANT'S LETTER, OF ACCEPTANCE.
WASHINGTON, D. C. May 29, 1868.
General JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President National Union Republican Convention:
In formally accepting the nomination of the National Union Republican Convention of the
21et of May instant, it seems proper that some statement of views beyond the mere acceptance
of the nomination should be expressed.
The proceedings of the convention were marked by wisdom, moderation, and patriotism, and
I believe express the feelings of the great mass of those who sustained the country through its
recent trials. I endorse their resolutions. If elected to the office of President of the United
States, it will be my endeavor to administer all the laws in good faith, with economy, and with
the view of giving peace, quiet and protection everywhere. In times like the present it is im
possible, or at least eminently improper, to lay down a policy to be adhered to, right or wrong,
through an administration of four years. New political issues, not foreseen, are constantly
arising ; the views of the public on old ones are constantly changing, and a purely administrative
officer should always be left free to execute the will of the people. I always have respected
that will and always shall.
Peace and universal prosperity, its sequence, with economy of administration, will lighten the
burden of taxation, while it constantly reduces the national debt. Let us have peace.
With great respect, your obedient servant,
U. S. GRANT.
MR. COLFAX'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE.
WASHINGTON, May 30, 1868.
Hon. J. R. HAWLEY, President National Union Republican Convention :
DEAR SIB ; The platform adopted by the patriotic convention over which you presided, and
the resolutions which so happily supplement it, so entirely agree with my views as to a just
national policy, that my thanks are -due to the delegates, as much for this clear and auspicious
declaration of principles as for the nomination with which I have been honored, and which I
gratefully accept.
1869.] NATIONAL PLATFORMS. 267
When a great rebellion, which imperilled the national existence, was at last overthrown, the
duty of all others devolving on those intrusted with the responsibilities of legislation evidently
was to require that the revolted States should be readmitted to participation in the Government
against which they had warred only on such a basis as to increase and fortify, not to weaken or
endanger, the strength of the nation.
Certainly no one ought to have claimed that they should be readmitted under such rules that
their organization as States could ever again be used, as at the opening of the war, to defy the
national authority, or to destroy the national unity. This principle has been the pole star of
those who have inflexibly insisted on the congressional policy your convention so cordially
endorsed. Baffled by executive opposition, and by persistent refusals to accept any plan of re
construction proffered by Congi-ess, justice and public safety at last combined to teach us that
only by an enlargement of suffrage in those States could the desired end be attained, and that
it was even more safe to give the ballot to those who loved the Union than to those who had
sought ineffectually to destroy it. The assured success of this legislation is being written on
the adamant of history, and will be our triumphant vindication. More clearly, too, than ever
before does the nation now recognize that the greatest glory of a republic is, that it throws the
shield of its protection over the humblest and weakest of its people, and vindicates the rights
of the poor and powerless as faithfully as those of the rich and powerful.
I rejoice, too, in this convention, to find in your platform the frank and fearless avowal that
the naturalized citizens must be protected abroad, uat every hazard, as though they were native-
born.'" Our whole people are foreigners or descendants of foreigners. Our fathers established
by arms their right to be called a nation. It remains for us to establish the right to welcome to
our shores all who are willing by oaths of allegiance to become American citizens. Perpetual
allegiance, as claimed abroad, is only another name for perpetual bondage, and would make all
slaves to the soil where first they saw the light. Our national cemeteries prove how faithfully
these oaths of fidelity to their adopted land have been sealed in the life blood of thousands
upon thousands. Should we not then be faithless to the dead if we did not protect their living
brethren in the enjoyment of that nationality, for which, side by side with the native-born, our
soldiers of foreign birth laid down their lives.
It was fitting, too. that the representatives of a party which had proved so true to national
duty In time of war should speak so clearly In time of peace for the maintenance untarnished
of national honor, national credit, and good faith as regards its debt, the cost of our national
existence.
I do not need to extend this reply by further comment on a platform which has elicited euch
hearty approval throughout the laud. The debt of gratitude it acknowledges to the brave men
who saved the Union from destruction — the frank approval of amnesty based on repentance
and loyalty — the demand for the most thorough economy and honesty in the Government — the
sympathy of the party of liberty with all throughout the world who long for the liberty we here
enjoy — and the recognition of the sublime principles of the Declaration of Independence, are
worthy of the organization on whose banners they are to be written in the coming contest.
Its past record cannot be blotted out or forgotten. If there had been no Republican party,
slavery would to-day cast its baleful shadow over the republic. If there had been no Republican
party, a free press and free speech would be as unknown from the Potomac to the Rio Grande
as ten years ago. If the Republican party could have been stricken from existence when the
banner of rebellion was unfurled, and when the response of "no coercion" was heard at the
North, we would have had no nation to-day. But for the Republican party daring to risk the
odium of tax and draft laws, our flag could not have been kept flying on the field till the long-
looked-for victory came. Without a Republican party, the civil rights bill, the guarantee of
equality under the law to the humble and defenceless as well as to the strong, would not be
to-day upon our national statute-book.
With such inspirations from the past, and following the example of the founders of the re
public, who called the victorious general of the Revolution to preside over the land his triumphs
had saved from its enemies, I cannot doubt that our labors will be crowned with success. And
it will be a success that will bring restored hope, confidence, prosperity and progress, South as
well as North. West as well as East, and above all, the blessings under Providence of national
concord and peace. Very truly, yours,
SCIIUYLER COLFAX.
The nomination of General Grant was made on the first ballot. That of Mr. Colfax occurred
on the fifth ballot. The vote for Mr. Colfax on each ballot was as follows :— 1st, 115; 2d, 145;
3d, 165 ; 4th, 186 ; 5th, 541. The total vote was 648.
268 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
DEMOCRATIC, AT NEW YORK, JULY.
The Democratic party, in National Convention assembled, reposing its trust in the intelli
gence, patriotism, and discriminating justice of the people, standing upon the Constitution as
the foundation and limitation of the powers of the Government, and the guarantee of the liber
ties of the citizen, and recognizing the questions of slavery and secession as having been settled,
for all time to come, by the war or the voluntary action of the Southern States in constitutional
conventions assembled, and never to be renewed or reagitated, do with the return of peace,
demand :
First — Immediate restoration of all the States to their rights in the Union under the Constitu
tion, and of civil government to the American people.
Second — Amnesty for all past political offences, and the regulation of the elective franchise in
the States by their citizens.
Third — Payment of the public debt of the United States as rapidly as practicable ; all moneys
drawn from the people by taxation, except so much as is requisite for the necessities of the
Government, economically administered, being honestly applied to such payment, and where
the obligations of the Government do not expressly state upon their face, or the law under
which they were issued does not provide that they shall be paid in coin, they ought, in right
and in justice, to be paid in the lawful money of the United States.
Fourth — Equal taxation of every species of property according to its real value, including
Government bonds and other public securities.
Fifth — One currency for the Government and the people, the laborer and the office-holder,
the pensioner and the soldier, the producer and the bondholder.
Sixth — Economy in the administration of the Government ; the reduction of the standing
army and navy; the abolition of the Freedmcn's Bureau and all political instrumentalities
designed to secure negro supremacy ; simplification of the system, and discontinuance of in
quisitorial modes of assessing and collecting Internal Revenue, so that the burden of taxation
may be equalized and lessened ; the credit of the Government and the currency made good ;
the repeal of all enactments for enrolling the State militia into national forces in time of peace;
and a tariff for revenue upon foreign imports, and such equal taxation under the Internal Rev
enue laws as will afford incidental protection to domestic manufactures, and as will, without
impairing the revenue, impose the least burden upon and best promote and encourage the great
industrial interests of the country.
Seventh — Reform of abuses in the administration, the expulsion of corrupt men from office,
the abrogation of useless offices, the restoration of rightful authority to, and the independence
of, the executive and judicial departments of the Government, the subordination of the military
to the civil power, to the end that the usurpations of Congress and the despotism of the sword
may cease.
Eighth— Equal rights and protection for naturalized and native-born citizens at home and
abroad, the assertion of American nationality which shall command the respect of foreign
powers, and furnish an example and encouragement to people struggling for national integrity,
constitutional liberty, and individual rights and the maintenance of the rights of naturalized
citizens against the absolute doctrine of immutable allegiance, and the claims of foreign powers
to punish them for alleged crime committed beyond their jurisdiction.
In demanding these measures and reforms, we arraign the Radical party for its disregard oi
right, and the unparalleled oppression and tyranny which have marked its career.
After the most solemn and unanimous pledge of both Houses of Congress to prosecute the
war exclusively for the maintenance of the Government and the preservation of the Union under
the Constitution, it has repeatedly violated that most sacred pledge under which alone was ral
lied that noble volunteer army which carried our flag to victory. Instead of restoring the Union
it has, so far as in its power, dissolved it, and subjected ten States, in time of profound peace,
to military despotism and negro supremacy. It has nullified there the right of trial by jury ; it
has abolished the habeas corpus, that most sacred writ of liberty ; it has overthrown the freedom
of speech and the press ; it has substituted arbitrary seizures and arrests, and military trials
and secret star-chamber inquisitions for the constitutional tribunals ; it has disregarded in time
of peace the right of the people to be free from searches and seizures ; it has entered the post
and telegraph offices, and even the private rooms of individuals, and seized their private papers
and letters without any specific charge or notice of affidavit, as required by the organic law: it
has converted the American Capitol into a Bastile ; it has established a system of spies and
official espionage to which no constitutional monarchy of Europe would now dare to resort;
it has abolished the right of appeal on important constitutional questions to the supreme judicial
NATIONAL PLATFORMS. 269
tribunals, and threatens to curtail or destroy its original jurisdiction, which is irrevocably vested
by the Constitution, while the learned Chief Justice has been subjected to the most atrocious
calumnies, merely because he would not prostitute his high office to the support of the false and
partizan charges preferred against the President. Its corruption and extravagance have ex
ceeded anything known in history, and, by its frauds and monopolies, it has nearly doubled the
burden of the debt created by the war. It has stripped the President of his constitutional
power of appointment, even of his own cabinet. Under its repeated assaults, the pillars of the
Government are rocking on their base, and should it succeed in November next and inaugurate
its President, we will meet as a subjected and conquered people, amid the ruins of liberty and
the scattered fragments of the Constitution.
And we do declare and resolve that ever since the people of the United States threw off all
subjection to the British Crown, the privilege and trust of suffrage have belonged to the
several States, and have been granted, regulated and controlled exclusively by the political power
of each State respectively, and that any attempt by Congress, on any pretext whatever, to de
prive any State of this right, or interfere with its exercise, is a flagrant usurpation of power
which can find no warrant in the Constitution, and, if sanctioned by the people, will subvert our
form of government, and can only end in a single centralized and consolidated government, in
which the separate existence of the States will be entirely absorbed, and an unqualified despot
ism be established in place of a Federal union of co-equal States.
And that we regard the reconstruction acts (so called) of Congress, as such, as usurpations
and unconstitutional, revolutionary, and void. That our soldiers and sailors, who carried the flag
1 of our country to victory against a most gallant and determined foe, must ever be gratefully re
membered, and all the guarantees given in their favor must be faithfully carried into execution.
That the public lands should be distributed as widely as possible among the people, and
should be disposed of either under the pre-emption of homestead lands, or sold in reasonable
quantities, and to none but actual occupants, at the minimum price established by the Govern
ment. When grants of the public lands may be allowed, necessary for the encouragement of
important public improvements, the proceeds of the sale of such lands, and not the lands them
selves, should be so applied.
That the President of the United States, Andrew Johnson, in exercising the power of his high
office in resisting the aggressions of Congress upon the constitutional rights of the States and
the people, is entitled to the gratitude of the whole American people, and in behalf of the Dem
ocratic party we tender him our thanks for his patriotic efforts in that regard.
Upon this platform the Democratic party appeal to every patriot, including all the Conserva
tive element and all who desire to support the Constitution and restore the Union, forgetting all
past differences of opinion, to unite with us in the present great struggle for the liberties of the
people ; and that to all such, to whatever party they may have heretofore belonged, we extend
the right hand of fellowship, and hail ail such co-operating with us as friends and brethren.
Resolved, That this convention sympathise cordially with the workingmen of the United States
in their efforts to protect the rights and interest? of the laboring classes of the country.
[Offered by Mr. Vallandigham, and adopted the last day of the convention] .
Resolved, That the thanks of this convention are tendered to Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase,
for the justice, dignity, and impartiality with which he presided over the court of impeachment
on the trial of President Andrew Johnson.
[This last was offered by Mr. Kernan, of New York, after the nominations and immediately
before the final adjournment, and was carried by acclamation.]
SOLDIERS AND SAILORS, AT NEW YORK, JULY.
Whereas a mutual interchange of views between members of this convention and delegates
to the Democratic National Convention, has fully confirmed us in our previously entertained
opinion of the purity and patriotism of that body, and fully justifies the belief that in the selec
tion of candidates and in the construction of a platform, the Convention will be governed by
the spirit of the address adopted by this body on the 6th instant ; therefore, relying upon this
belief,
Resolved, That we will support its nominees for President and Vice President of the United
States, and that on our return home we will induce our late comrades in arms to unite with us
in yielding to them a united support.
[Reported from the Committee on Resolutions, and adopted— yeas 287, nays 7].
Revolved, That the declaration of principles adopted by the Democratic National Convention
be and the same is hereby ratified and approved, and that the secretary communicate to that
Convention a copy of this resolution forthwith.
270 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Resolved, That the President of the Convention appoint a committee of five to wait upon
General George B. McClellan, and assure him that although we are called upon by duty to sup
port the nominee for the Presidency of the National Democratic party now in Convention, our
confidence in him is unimpaired, and that our love for him is as ardent as ever, and that the
highest honor that this Convention could confer upon him would but poorly express our esteem
for him. Also that the said committee be requested to ask him to come and assist us with all
his ability during the coming campaign.
Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention, and of all patriotic and right-minded citizens,
are due to the President of the United States for removing Edwin M. Stanton from the War De
partment of the Government, a position which the said Stanton has disgraced and dishonored
ever since his appointment to that office, by his many acts of cruelty— both to the Union and
Confederate soldiers— and by his official acts of t yranny ; and that the soldiers and sailors should
on all occasions, meet him with the same feelings of outraged dignity and patriotism that he
was received with, on an ever-memorable occasion, in the city of Washington, from that great
and glorious soldier— General William Tecumsch Sherman.
[The last three resolutions were offered in the Convention, and adopted unanimously, under a
suspension of the rule requiring the reference of all resolutions to the committee on resolutions] .
GOVERNOR SEYMOUR'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE.
UTICA, August 4, 1SG8.
GENTLEMEN : When, in the city of New York, on the llth of July, in the presence of a vast •
multitude, on behalf of the National Democratic Convention, you tendered to me its unanimous
nomination as their candidate for the office of President of the United States, I stated I had
*' no words adequate to express my gratitude for the good will and kindness which that body
had shown to me. Its nomination was unsought and unexpected. It was my ambition to take
an active part, from which I am now excluded, in the great struggle going on for the res
toration of good government, of peace and prosperity to our country. But I have been caught
up by the whelming tide which is bearing us on to a great political change, and I find myself un
able to resist its pressure.
"You have also given to me a copy of the resolutions put forth by the Convention, showing
its position upon all the great questions which now agitate the country. As the presiding officer
of that Convention, I am familiar with their scope and import ; as one of its members, I am a
party to their terms. They are in accord with my views, and I stand upon them in the contest
upon which we are now entering, and I shall strive to carry them out in future, wherever I may
be placed, in public or private life."
I then stated that I would send you these words of acceptance in a letter, as is the customary
form. I see no reason, upon reflection, to change or qualify the terms of my approval of the
resolutions of the Convention.
I have delayed the more formal act of communicating to you in writing what I thus publicly
said, for the purpose of seeing what light the action of Congress would throw upon the inter
ests of the country. Its acts since the adjournment of the Convention show an alarm lest a
change of political power will give to the people what they ought to have, a clear statement of
what has been done with the money drawn from them during the past eight years. Thoughtful
men feel that there have been wrongs in the financial management which have been kept from
the public knowledge.
The congressional party has not only allied itself with military power, which is to be brought
to bear directly upon the elections in many States, but it also holds itself in perpetual session,
with the avowed purpose of making such laws as it shall see fit, in view of the elections which
will take place within a few weeks. It did not, therefore, adjourn, but took a recess, to meet
again if its partizan interests shall demand its reassembling.
Never before in the history of our country has Congress thus taken a menacing attitude
toward its electors. Under its influence some of the States organized by its agents are propos
ing to deprive the people of the right to vote for Presidential electors, and the first bold steps
are taken to destroy the rights of suffrage. It is not strange, therefore, that thoughtful men see
in such action the proof that there is, with those who shape the policy of the Republican party,
motives stronger and deeper than the mere wish to hold political power ; that there is a dread
of some exposure which drives them on to acts so desperate and so impolitic.
Many of the ablest leaders and journals of the Republican party have openly deplored the
violence of congressional action, and its tendency to keep up discord in our country. The great
interests of our Union demand peace, order, and a return to those industrial pursuits without
which we cannot maintain the faith or honor of our Government. The minds of business men
1869.] NATIONAL PLATFORMS. 271
are perplexed by uncertainties. The hours of toil of our laborers are lengthened by the costs
of living made by the direct and indirect exactions of Government. Our people are harassed
by the heavy and frequent demands of the tax gatherer.
Without distinction of party, there is a strong feeling in favor of that line of action which
shall restore order and confidence, and shall lift off the burdens which now hinder and vex the
industry of the country. Yet at this moment those in power have thrown into the senate
chamber and congressional hall new elements of discord and violence. Men have been admitted
as representatives of some of the Southern States, with the declaration upon their lips that
they cannot live in the States they claim to represent without military protection.
These men are to make laws for the North as well as the South. These men, who, a few days
since were seeking as suppliants that Congress would give them power within their respective
States, are to-day the masters and controllers of the actions of those bodies. Entering them
with minds filled with passions, their first demands have been that Congress shall look upon the
States from which they come as in conditions of civil war ; that the majority of the populations,
embracing their intelligence, shall be treated as public eneinies ; that military forces shall be
kept up at the cost of the people of the Noith, and that there shall be no peace and order at the
South save that which is made by arbitrary power.
Every intelligent man knows that these men owe their seats in Congress to the disorder
in the South; every man knows that, they not only owe their present positions to disorder,
but that every motive springing from the love of power, of gain, of a desire for vengeance,
prompts them to keep the South in anarchy. While that, exists, they are independent of the
wills or wishes of their fellow-citizens. While confusion reigns, they are the dispensers of
the profits and the honors which grow ont of a government of mere force. These men are now
placed in positions where they can not only urge their views of policy, but where they can
enforce them.
When others shall be admitted in this manner from the remaining Southern States, although
they will have in truth no constituents, they will have more power in the Senate than a majority
of the people of this Union living in nine of the great States. In vain the wisest members of the
Republican party protested against the policy that led to this result.
While the chiefs of the late rebellion have submitted to the results of the war, and are now
quietly engaged in useful pursuits for the support of themselves and their families, and are
trying by the force of their example to lead back the people of the South to the order and in
dustry not only essential to their well-being, but to the greatness and prosperity of our common
country, we see that those who, without ability or influence have been thrown by the agitations
of civil convulsion into positions of honor and profit, are striving to keep alive the passions to
which they owe their elevation. And they clamorously insist that they are the only friends of
our Union — a Union that can only have a sure foundation in fraternal regard, and a common
desire to promote the peace, the order, and the happiness of all sections of our land.
Events in Congress since the adjournment of the Convention have vastly increased the im
portance of a political victory by those who are seeking to bring back economy, simplicity, and
justice in the administration of our National affairs. Many Republicans have heretofore clung
to their party who have regretted the extremes of violence to which it has run. They have
cherished a faith that, while the action of their political friends has been mistaken, their mo
tives have been good. They must now see that the Republican party is in that condition that
it cannot carry out a wise and peaceful policy, whatever its motives may be.
It is a misfortune, not only to a country, but to a governing party itself, when its action is
unchecked by any form of opposition. It has been the misfortune of the Republican party that
the events of the past few years have given it eo much power that it has been able to shackle
the Executive, to trammel the judiciary, and to carry out the views of the most unwise and
violent of its members.
When this state of things exists in any party, it has ever been found that the sober judgments
of its ablest leaders do not control. There is hardly an able man who helped to build up the
Republican organization who has not within the past three years warned it against its excesses,
who has not been borne down and forced to give up his convictions of what the interests of the
country called for; or, if too patriotic to do this, who has not been driven from its ranks. If
this has been the case heretofore, what will be its action now, with this new infusion of men
who, without a decent respect for the views of those who had just given them their positions,
begin their legislative career with calls for arms, with demands that their States shall be regard
ed as in a condition of civil war, and with a declaration that they are ready and anxious to
degrade the President of the United States whenever they can persuade or force Congress to
bring forward new articles of impeachment ?
272 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The Republican party, a? well as wo, arc interested in putting some check upon this violence.
It must be clear to every thinking man that a division of political power tends to check the vio
lence of party action, and to assure the peace and good order of society. The election of a
Democratic executive and a majority of Democratic members to the House of Representatives
would not give to that party organization the power to make sudden or violent changes, but it
would serve to check those extreme measures which have been deplored by the best men of both
political organizations. The result would most certainly lead to that peaceful restoration of the
Union and re-establiehment of fraternal relationship which the country desires. I am sure that
the best men of the Republican party deplore as deeply as I do the spirit of violence shown by
those recently admitted to seats in Congress from the South. The condition of civil war which
they contemplate, must be abhorrent to every right-thinking man.
I have no mere personal wishes which mislead my judgment in regard to the pending elec
tion. No man who has weighed and measured the duties of the office of President of the Uni
ted States can fail to be impressed with the cares and toils of him who is to meet its demands.
It is not merely to float with popular currents without a policy or a purpose. On the contrary,
while our Constitution gives just weight to the public will, its distinguishing feature is that it
seeks to protect the rights of minorities. Its greatest glory is that it puts restraints upon
power. It gives force and form to those maxims and principles of civil liberty for which the
martyrs of freedom have struggled through ages. It declares the right of the people to be secure
in their persons, houses and papers, against unreasonable searches and seizures. That Congress
shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or the free exercise thereof, or
abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people to petition for redress
of grievances. It secures the right of a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.
No man can rightfully enter upon the duties of the presidential office unless he is not only
willing to carry out the wishes of the people expressed in a constitutional way, but is also pre
pared to stand up for the rights of minorities. He must be ready to uphold the free exercise
of religion. He must denounce measures which would wrong personal or home rights, or the
religious conscience of the humblest citizen of the land. He must maintain, without distinction
of creed or nationality, all the privileges of American citizenship.
The experience of every, public man who has been faithful to his trust, teaches him that no
one can do the duties of the office of President, unless he is ready, not only to undergo the
falsehoods and abuse of the bad, but to suffer from the censure of the good \Vho are misled by
prejudices and misrepresentations.
There are no attractions in such positions which deceive my judgment, when I say that a
great change is going on in the public mind. The mass of the Republican party are more
thoughtful, temperate, and just, than they were during the excitement which attended the
progress and close of the civil war.
AP the energy of the democratic party springs from their devotion to their cause and not to
their candidates, I may with propriety speak of the fact, that never in the political history of
our country has the action of any like body been hailed with such universal and wide-spread
enthusiasm, as that which has been shown in relation to the position of the National Democratic
Convention. With this the candidates had nothing to do. Had any others of those named
been selected, this spirit would have been perhaps more marked. Tho zeal and energy of the
conservative masses spring from a desire to make a change of political policy, and from the
confidence that they can carry out their purpose.
In this faith they are strengthened by the co-operation of the great body of those who served
in the Union army and navy during the war. Having given nearly sixteen thousand commis
sions to the officers of that army, I know their views and wishes. They demand the Union for
which they fought, The largest meeting of these gallant soldiers that ever assembled was held
in New York and indorsed the action of the National Convention. In words instinct with
meaning, they call upon the Government to stop in its policy of hate, discord, and disunion, and
in terms of fervid eloquence they demand the restoration of the rights and liberties of the
American people.
"When there is such accord between those who proved themselves brave and self-sacrificing in
war, and those who are thoughtful and patriotic in council, I cannot doubt we shall gain a polit
ical triumph which will restore our Union, bring back peace and prosperity to our land, and
will give us once more the blessings of a wise, economical and honest Government.
I am, gentlemen, truly yours, &c.,
HORATIO SEYMOUR.
To Gen. G. W. MORGAN, and others, Committee, &c., &c.
Governor Seymour was unanimously nominated on the 22d ballot.
1869.] NATIONAL PLATFORMS. 273
GENERAL BLAIR'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE.
OMAHA, NEBRASKA, July 13, 1868.
General GEORGE W. MORGAN, Chairman Committee National Democratic Convention.
GENERAL : I take the earliest opportunity of replying to your letter, notifying me of my
nomination for Vice President of the United States by the National Democratic Convention,
recently held in the city of New York.
I accept without hesitation the nomination tendered in a manner so gratifying, and give you
and the committee my thanks for the very kind and complimentary language in which you have
conveyed to me the decision of the convention.
I have carefully read the resolutions adopted by the convention, and most cordially concur in
every principle and sentiment they announce.
My opinion upon all of the questions which discriminate the great contending parties have
been freely expressed on all suitable occasions, and I do not deem it necessary at this time to
reiterate them.
The issues upon which the contest turns are clear, and cannot be obscured or distorted by the
sophistries of our adversaries. They all resolve themselves into the old and ever-renewing
struggle of a few men to absorb the political power of the nation. This effort, under every
conceivable name and disguise, has always characterized the opponents of the democratic party,
but at no time has the attempt assumed a shape so open and daring as in this contest. The ad
versaries of free and constitutional government, in defiance of the express language of the Con
stitution, have erected a military despotism in ten of the States of the Union, have taken from
the President the powers vested in him by the supreme law, and have deprived the Supreme
Court of its jurisdiction. The right of trial by jury, and the great writ of right, the habeas
corpus— shields of safety for every citizen, and which have descended to us from the earliest
traditions of our ancestors, and which our revolutionary fathers sought to secure to their pos
terity forever in the fundamental charter of our liberties — have been ruthlessly trampled under
foot by the fragment of a Congress. Whole States and communities of people of our own race
have been attainted, convicted, condemned, and deprived of their rights as citizens, without
presentment, or trial, or witnesses, but by congressional enactment of ex post facto laws, and
in defiance of the constitutional prohibition denying even to a full and legal Congress the au
thority to pass any bill of attainder or ex post facto law. The same usurping authority has
substituted as electors in the place of the men of our own race, thus illegally attainted and dis
franchised, a host of ignorant negroes, who are supported in idleness with the public money, and
combined together to strip the white race of their birthright, through the management of freed-
men's bureaus and the emissaries of conspirators in other States : and, to complete the oppres
sion, the military power of the nation has been placed at their disposal, in order to make this
barbarism supreme.
The military leader under whose prestige this usurping Congress has taken refuge since the
condemnation of their schemes by the free people of the North in the elections of the last year,
and whom they have selected as their candidate to shield themselves from the result of their
own wickedness and crime, has announced his acceptance of the nomination, and his willing
ness to maintain their usurpations over eight millions of white people at the South, fixed to the
earth with his bayonets. He exclaims, "Let us have peace." "Peace reigns in Warsaw" was
the announcement which heralded the doom of the liberties of a nation. "The empire is peace,"
exclaimed Bonaparte, when freedom and its defenders expired under the sharp edge of his
sword. The peace to which Grant invites us is the peace of despotism and death.
Those who seek to restore the Constitution by executing the will of the people condemning
the reconstruction acts, already pronounced in the elections of last year, and which will, I am
convinced, be still more emphatically expressed by the election of the Democratic candidate as
the President of the United States, are denounced as revolutionists by the partizans of this
vindictive Congress. Negro suffrage, which the popular vote of New York. New Jersey, Penn
sylvania, Ohio. Michigan, Connecticut, and other States have condemned as expressly against
the letter of the Constitution, must stand, because their Senators and Representatives have
willed it. If the people shall again condemn these atrocious measures by the election of the
Democratic candidate for President, they must not be disturbed, although decided to be uncon
stitutional by the Supreme Court, and althongh the President is sworn to maintain and support
the Constitution. The will of a fraction of Congress, reinforced with its partizan emissaries
sent to the South and supported there by soldiery, must stand against the will of the people
and the decision of the Supreme Court, and the solemn oath of the President to maintain and
support the Constitution
18
274
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
It is revolutionary to execute the will of the people ! It is revolutionary to execute the judg
ment of the Supreme Court ! It is revolutionary in the President to keep inviolate his oath to
eustain the Constitution ! This false construction of the vital principle of our Government is
the last resort of those who would have their arbitrary reconstruction sway and supersede our
time-honored institutions. The nation will say the Constitution must be restored, and the will
of the people again prevail. The appeal to the peaceful ballot to attain this end is not war, is
not revolution. They make war and revolution who attempt to arrest this quiet mode of put
ting aside military despotism and the usurpations of a fragment of a Congress, asserting abso
lute power over that benign system of regulated liberty left us by our fathers. This must be
allowed to take its course. This is the only road to peace. It will come with the election of the
Democratic candidate, and not with the election of that mailed warrior, whose bayonets are
now at the throats of eight millions of people in the South, to compel them to support him as
a candidate for the Presidency, and to submit to the domination of an alien race of semi-bar
barous men. No perversion of truth or audacity of misrepresentation can exceed that which
hails this candidate in arms as an angel of peace.
I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
FRANK P. BLAIR.
STATE GOVERNMENTS.
The following table gives the name of the Governor of each State, his
term of office and salary, the time each Legislature meets, and the date of
the State Elections.
STATES.
Governors.
Term
Expires.
Salary.
Legislature
Meets.
State Election.
Alabama
Win. H. Smith
Powell Clayton
Jan. "1873,
Dec. 1871,
May, 18(59,
Jan. 1871,
Jan. 1873,
Jan. 1872,
Jan. 1871,
Jan. 1873,
Jan. 1870,
$4,000*
5,000
7,000
2,000
2,000
5,000
4,000
1,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
5,000
8,000
2,500
4.500
5,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
1st Mon. in Jan.
1st Mon. in Dec.
1st Wed. in May,
1st Tues. in Jan.
1st Tues. in Jan.t
2d Wed. in Jan.
1st Mon. in Jan.
1st Wed. in Jan.
2d Mon. in Jan.
2d Tues. in Jan.
1st Mon. in Dec.
1st Mon. in Jan.
1st Wed. in Jan.
1st Wed. in Jan.
1st Wed. in Jan.
1st Wed. in Jan.
1st Tues. in Jan.t
1st Tu. in Nov.t
1st Mon. in Jsov.
1st Wed. in Sept.
1st Mon. in Apr.
1st Tues. in Nov.
1st Tu. in Nov.t
1st Tues. in Aug.
1st Tu. in Nov.t
2d Tues. in Oct.
2d Tues. in Oct.
1st Tu. in Nov.t
1st Mon. in Aug.
1st Mon. in Nov.
2d Mon. in Sept.
1st Tu. in Nov.t
1st Tu. in Nov.t
1st Tu. in Nov.t
1st Tu. in Nov.t
Arkansas
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Henry H. Haight ......
James E. English
Gove Saulsbury
Harrison Reed
R. B. Bullock
John M. Palmer
Conrad Baker
Samuel Merrill.
Florida
Georgia .
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa.
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
James M. Harvey
John W. Stevenson
Henry C. Warmouth. . .
Joshua L. Chamberlain.
Odcn Bowie
William Claflin . . .
Jan. 1871,
Sept. 1871,
Jan. 1872,
Jan. 1870,
Jan. 1871,
Jan. 1870,
Jan. 1871,
Jan. 1870,
Maryland
Massachusetts . .
Michigan
Henry P. Baldwin . . .
Wm. R. Marshall
B. B. Eggleston
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
Joseph W. McClurg . . .
David Butler
Henry G. Blasdel . ...
Walter Harriman
T. F. Randolph
John T. Hoffman
William W. Holden ....
Rutherford B. Hayes. . .
George L. Woods
John W. Geary
A. E. Burnside
Robert K. Scott
Jan. 1872,
Jan. 1871,
Jan. 1871,
June,1869,
Jan. 1872,
Jan. 1871,
Jan. 1873,
Jan. 1870,
Sept. 1870,
Jan. 1870,
May, 1809,
Nov. 1870,
2,500
1,000
6.000
1,000
3.000
4,000
'4;666'
1,500
5,000
1,000
3,500
Last Mon. in Dec.
1st Th. in Jan.t
1st Mon. in Jan.
1st Wed. in June,
2d Tues. in Jan.
1st Tues. in Jan.
3d Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Jan.
2d Mon. in Sept.
1st Tues. in Jan.
May and Jan.
4th Tues. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Oct.
1st Mon. in Nov.
2d Thurs. in Oct.
1st Mon. in Dec.
3d Tues. in Jan.
2d Wed. in Jan.
1st Tu. in Nov.t
2d Tues. in Oct.
1st Tu. in Nov.t
2d- Tues. in Mch.
1st Tu. in Nov.t
1st Tu. in Nov.t
1st Th. in Aug.J
2d Tues. in Oct.
1st Mon. in June.
2d Tues. in Oct.
1st Wed. in Apr.
3d Wed. in Oct.
1st Th. in Aug.
1st Mon. in Aug.
1st Tues. in Sept.
4th Th. in May.
4th Th. in Oct.
1st Tu. in Nov.t
New Hampshire.
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina..
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania . . .
Rhode Island . . .
South Carolina. .
Tennessee
Texas
Wm. G. Brownlow
E. M. Pease
Oct. 1869,
Nov. 1870,
Oct. 1870,
3,000
4,000
1,000
5.000
2,000
1,250
Vermont
Virginia
John B. Page
Henry II . Wells . .
West Virginia . .
Wisconsin
Wm. E. Stevenson
Lucius Fairchild
Mch. 1871,
Jan. 1871,
* In several States, a furnished house is also provided. t After 1st Monday.
$ Time fixed by Constitution ; the Legislature may change it.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
1. ALABAMA.
Capital, Montgomery. Area, 50,722 square miles. Population, (1866), 946,244.
This state was settled by the French at Mobile in 1713. It was a part of
Georgia until 1802, and then included in Mississippi until March 3, 1817. It
was admitted into the Union as a state, by act of Congress, December 19, 1819.
An ordinance of secession was passed at a state convention, January 11, 1861,
and declared null and void by another state convention, September 25, 1865.
A provisional Governor was appointed by the President June 21, 1865 and
withdrawn in favor of the state government, December 18, of the same year.
This state was included in the 3d military district by act of Congress, March
2, 1867, and by an order of the President issued, March 15, was placed under
the command of Maj. Gen. John Pope. He issued orders, August 31} for the
election of delegates to a state convention for the purpose of establishing a
constitution and civil government for the state. Delegates were appointed
who assembled in convention, November 5, 1867, and prepared a constitution
which was submitted to the people, February 4, 1868. This constitution re
ceived a majority of the votes cast, but not a majority of all the registered
votes. The state was admitted to representation in Congress, by an act passed
in both houses over the President's veto, June 25, 1868.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor W. H. SMITH Randolph Co $4,000
Lieutenant Governor A. J. APPLEGATE Huntsville 1,500
Secretary of State CHARLES A. MILLER Montgomery 2,400
Treasurer and Receiver General ARTHUR BINGHAM Talladega 2,800
Auditor R. M. REYNOLDS Wilcox Co 2,400
Attorney General JOSHUA MORSE Choctaw Co 2,800
Superintendent of Public Instruction.^. B. CLOUD Montgomery 3,600
Com. of Industrial Resources J. C. REFFER Montgomery 2,500
Major General C. W. DUSTON Demopolis
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer,
and Attorney General, are chosen by the electors of the state on the Tuesday
after the first Monday in November. All hold office for two years except
the Auditor, who is elected for four years. The House of Representatives
must not exceed 100 members apportioned according to population, but each
county is to have one member. The Senators must be not less than one-
fourth nor more than one-third of the number of representatives, to be elected
from Senatorial Districts which are arranged according to population, and
275
276 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
each district has one senator. Electors are eligible as representatives, but
senators must in addition be 27 years of age. Term of office of representa
tives 2 years, and of senators 4 years.
In all elections by the people, the vote is by ballot. All male citizens
21 years of age, who have resided in the state six months next preceding an
election and have taken the oath to support the constitution and laws of the
United States and Alabama, are entitled to vote.
The constitution provides that all persons resident in the state, born in
the United States or naturalized, who shall have legally declared their in
tention to become citizens of the United States, shall be citizens of the
State of Alabama. Temporary absence from the state does not cause a for
feiture of residence.
Militia. All able-bodied male citizens between the ages of 18 and 45
years are liable to military duty. The Governor is commander-in-chief.
One Major General and three Brigadier Generals are appointed by the gov
ernor by and with the consent of the senate. The Adjutant-General and
other staff officers are appointed by the Governor. The militia is divided
into two classes, volunteer force and reserve force. Officers and men receive
no pay or emoluments when not in active service.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, Chancery
Courts, Courts of Probate, and such inferior courts as the General Assembly
may establish from time to time. The Supreme Court which has appellate
jurisdiction only, must be held at the seat of government twice every year.
The constitution requires that the state be divided into circuits, each of
which shall include not less than three or more than eight counties. A
judge must be chosen for each circuit, who shall after his election reside in
the circuit for which he shall have been chosen. Circuit Courts are held in
each county twice every year.
Judges of the Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and Court of Chancery can
hold no office (except judicial office) of profit or trust under the State or
United States, during the term of office which is six years. The Circuit
Court has original jurisdiction in all matters civil and criminal within the
state, not otherwise excepted by the constitution, but in civil cases only
when the matter or sum in controversy exceeds fifty dollars. Judges of the
several courts, justices and constables, are elected by the people in each
county. The Clerk of the Supreme Court is appointed by the judges. Clerks
of Circuit and inferior courts are appointed by the people for six years. The
attorney general must reside at the seat of government. A solicitor must be
appointed for each county.
UNITED STATES COTTOTS.
Circuit Judge, District Judge, Richard Busteed. District Attorney,
Northern and Middle Districts, F. Bugbee. Southern District, L. V. B. Martin. Marshal, North
ern District, Edward E. Douglass. Middle and Southern Districts, R. W. Healey.
1869.] ALABAMA. 277
SUPREME COURT.
Judges, E. W. Peck, Tuskaloosa ; T. M. Peters, Lawrence Co. ; B. F. Soffold, Selma. Salary,
$4,000 each.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
Judges.— 1st District, B. L. Whelan, Hale Co. ; 2d District, J. Q. Smith, Montgomery ; M Dis
trict, W. S. Mudd, Jefferson Co. ; 4th District, J. S. Clarke, Lawrence Co. ; 5th District, W. J.
Haralson, DeKalb Co. ; 6th District, John Elliott, Mobile ; 1th District, L. R. Smith, Choctaw
Co. ; 8th District, J. M. Caleb, Wiley, Pike Co. ; 9th District, L. B. Strange, Macon Co. ; IQth
District, Charles Pclham, Talladega Co. ; 11th District, P. O. Harper, Butler Co. ; 12th District,
W. L. Whitlock, Cherokee Co. Salaries, $3,000.
COURTS OF CHANCERY.
Chancellors.— Northern Division, Wm. Skinner, Franklin Co. ; Eastern Division, B. B. McCraw,
Chambers Co. ; Soutliern Division, Adams C. Felden, Montgomery ; Western Division, A. W.
Dillard, Sumter Co. ; Middle Division, W. B. Woods, Autauga Co. Salaries, $3,000.
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury, September 30, 1866, $31,950.55
Received from former Treasurer, - 1,651.84
Receipts to September 30, 1867, - - - 937,007.47
$970,609.86
Disbursements for year 1867, 830,033.94
Balance in Treasury, September 30, 1867, - $140,575.92
Receipts for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1868, - $1,577,144.08
Disbursements for " " " " ' " - 1,461,429.34
Balance in Treasury, Sept. 30, 1868, $115,714.74
Total Balance in Treasury, " - $256,290.66
CHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE IN 1866.
Taxes on Licenses, Liquors, &c $58,245.77 Southern Express Company $1,184.55
Temporary Loans 601,494.39 Sales of Alabama State Bonds 5,000.00
State Revenue Stamps 2,599.50 Miscellaneous 937.98
Total Receipts $669,462.19
STATE DEBT.
The bonded debt of the state January, 1867, was - $4,066,100
Of this there was payable in New York, - 2,582,800
Payable in London, - - 1,483,300
Total bonded debt, July 11, 1868, - 4,725,100
Aggregate value of property, 1860, - 495,237,078
EDUCATION.
By the act of February 23, 1866, it was provided that the sum of $70,000
be loaned to the University of Alabama, for the purpose of erecting a
building for that institution, to replace the one destroyed by fire in 1865.
The plan adopted for the University building, embraced four sides of a
square, with rooms for public halls, recitations, libraries, laboratories, cabi
nets, dormitories, hospitals, and a well organized boarding department.
278 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AISD REGISTER.
Each side of the square will be 330 feet long, and the interior court will
measure 250 feet on every side. The building is of the Tudor Gothic style,
mostly three stories high ; the middle portion of the front and rear sides are
four stories. The doors of all the rooms are glazed, and open out on wide
galleries, which surround each floor of the building on the interior and
court side. The galleries, supported below by pressed brick arcades, and
above by cast iron colonnades, extend more than 1,000 feet on each floor,
and in total length, more than one mile.
A part of the building was completed ready for occupation in 1868. This
included ten spacious recitation rooms with class libraries adjoining ; forty-
seven dormitories, accommodating four students each ; one large mess hall,
capable of seating five hundred persons, and necessary rooms for the board
ing department.
The President of the University has been zealously and actively engaged
in efforts to collect a library and scientific apparatus.
According to the census report of 1860, there were then in Alabama 17
colleges with 2120 students, and 206 academies and private schools. Most
of these were suspended during the war.
The constitution provides that Common Schools and other educational
institutions shall be under the management of a Board of Education con
sisting of a Superintendent of Public Instruction, and two members from
oach congressional district. The Governor is ex-officio a member of the
Board. Members of the Board hold office for four years, one-half elected
biennially. The Board of Education exercises full legislative powers in ref
erence to educational institutions, and its acts when approved by the Gover
nor have the force of law. The Board must establish in each township or
other school district, one or more schools which all the children of the state
between the ages of 5 and 21 years may attend free of charge.
The Board is also a Board of Regents of the State University. It meets
annually at the seat of government at the same time as the General As
sembly, but must not continue in session more than twenty days. Proceeds
of public lands, of estates of persons deceased without will or heir, and all
money paid as exemption from military duty, constitute the school fund, the
interest and income to be inviolably appropriated to educational purposes.
In addition to the above, one-fifth of the aggregate annual revenue of the
state must be devoted to public schools. A specific annual tax is to be laid
on railroads, navigation, bank and insurance corporations, which is also to be
devoted to maintaining public schools.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The act establishing the Insane Hospital was passed in February, 1852,
and the building opened for the reception of patients in July, 1861. The
building with the grounds cost $250,000. The hospital is under the charge
of an efficient officer and is in a prosperous condition.
Every effort is made in the treatment of patients, to improve their intel
lectual condition ; and, if possible, restore them to full mental health. This
1869.] ALABAMA. 379
hospital is open to all classes of patients. Those that are able to pay are
charged at a moderate rate. For those who are unable to pay, an allowance
of $4 per week is made by the state.
The establishment, as now conducted, will afford accommodations for at
least 350 persons, or about one-half of those in the state who are afflicted
with mental imbecility.
The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Talladega, is also in successful
operation. Under the judicious management of the superintendent, good
opportunities are afforded deaf mutes for acquiring an education.
There is an Asylum for the Blind at Mobile. The State Penitentiary at
"Wetumpka has had an increase of prisoners since the war, a large propor
tion being colored persons. These have come principally from the cities and
large towns where those without homes and means of support naturally con
gregate. In November, 1866, there were 200 convicts in the penitentiary,
more than three-fourths of whom were colored.
The Penitentiary is leased, and the convicts are worked outside the prison
walls on railroads, or in iron mines and coal fields. It is self-sustaining.
Insane Hospital, Tuscaloosa. PETER BBTCE, M. D., Superintendent. Number in hos
pital Oct. 1, 1806,— males, 44; females, 30; total, 74. Number received during the year,— males,
46 ; females, 31 ; total, 77. Whole number under treatment during the year,— males, 90 ; females,
61 ; total, 151. Discharged as cured,— males, 7 ; females, 6 ; total, 13. As improved,— males, 1 ;
females, 2 ; total, 3. Died during the year,— males, 11 ; females, 4 ; total, 15.
Whole number admitted from the opening of the hospital July 6, 1861, to October 1, 1867,—
males, 182; females, 102; total, 284. Whole number discharged, cured,— males, 49; females, 28;
total, 77 ; improved,— males, 16 ; females, 6 ; total, 22. Eloped,— males, 12 ; females, 1 ; total,
13. Died, males, 38 ; females, 17 ; total. 55. Of the 284 patients admitted, there were single,—
males, 104; females, 45; total, 149. Married,— males, 63; females, 36; total, 99. Widowed,—
males, 15 ; females, 21 ; total, 36. Supposed cause of insanity of those admitted,— hereditary,
75; injuries, 25; intemperance, 7 ; typhoid fever, 9 ; uterine disease, 8 ; opium eating, 4 ; disap
pointment, 3 ; congenital, 6 ; miscellaneous and unknown, 145 ; total, 284. Occupation of those
admitted,— farmers, 98, mechanics, 10; laborers, 38; merchants, 24; lawyers, 4; physicians, 7;
ministers, 8; school teachers, 8; miscellaneous, 10; none and unknown, 79; total, 284. Age of
those admitted,— less than 15 years of age, 4 ; 15 to 20, 13 ; 20 to 30, 75 ; 30 to 40, 92 ; 40 to 50, 54 ;
50 to 60, 31 ; 60 to 70, 15. The class of those admitted is as follows— private or paying, 89 ; coun
ty or indigent, 184 ; criminal, 11 ; total, 284.
Number in hospital September 1, 1868,— males, 94; females, 68; total, 162. Of these, 11 are
privatJ patients, and 151 indigent. The state allows $4 per week for board, clothing, and ex
penses of each indigent patient, and the private patients pay $20 per month for board.
Institution for Deaf, Dumb and Blind, Talladega. JOSEPH H. JOHNSON, M. D., Su
perintendent. Number of students, 40 ; annual appropriation from state Treasury, $8,000.
POPULATION.
This state suffered much in the late war both in its material interests and
in the decrease of its population.
There had been a steady increase in the latter for 40 years until 1860, but
from that time to 1866, there was a decrease of 3,632 whites, and 14,325
colored persons, or a total decrease of 17,957.
The following table gives the population at different periods :
Census. Whites. Free Colored, Slaves. Total. Inor. per cant.
1820 85,451 571 41,879 127,901
1830 190,406 1,572 117,549 309,527 142.01
1840 335,185 2,039 253,532 590,756 90.86
280 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Census. Whites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Inor. per cent.
1850 426,514 2,265 342,844 771,623 30.62
1860 526,431 2,690 435,080 964,201 24.96
1866 522,799 423,445 946,244
The whole number of adult males in 1866 was,— whites, 108,410 ; negroes, 90,603 ; total, 199,013.
WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
Alabama is the greatest cotton growing state in the Union. The princi
pal portion of her cotton is raised in the central, south-east and south-west
portions of the state. In the counties washed by the Chattahoochee in the
eastern portion of the state, sugar and rice are grown to some extent. The
extreme southern counties are characterized by immense forests of pine, val
uable for lumber and naval stores. They are convenient to Mobile and
Pensacola. A very large portion of the land in this region belongs to the
General Government, and may be entered free of charge under the home
stead law.
This state is rich in mineral treasures, particularly in coal, iron ore, lime
stone and marble. The coal has been subjected to both a scientific and prac
tical test, and proved to be of excellent quality. Taking the coal fields all
together, they are comprised within the area of nearly six thousand miles,
in the counties of Marion, Winston, Walker, Tuscaloosa, Fayette, Jefferson,
Blount, Bibb, Shelby, St. Glair, Morgan, Marshall and DeKalb. In close
proximity to the coal fields, there are extensive beds of the best quality of
iron ore. The manufacture of iron was formerly carried on to a considerable
extent ; during the recent war manufacturing was generally suspended, but
it has partially revived. Several furnaces are already in operation, some of
them through the instrumentality of capital and superintendence from the
northern states.
Limestone is another important and valuable material, which abounds in
localities convenient for transportation. There is gold in Randolph, Talla-
dega, Corsa, Autauga, and Tallapoosa counties. Copper is found in the
counties of Talladega and Clay.
The commercial advantages are good. The rivers are navigable more
than 1500 miles ; there are 660 miles of railroads in the state ; and the city
of Mobile is next to New Orleans the greatest cotton market in the United
States. There were received at this place in 1860, 846,784 bales of cotton,
and 9,367,597 feet of lumber were exported.
The state possesses the natural facilities requisite for successfully prosecut
ing almost every branch of industry.
A Bureau of Industrial Resources is established under the management
of a commissioner elected for a term of four years, who is to collect informa
tion, and disseminate among the people such knowledge as he may deem
important concerning improvement in machinery, and for the promotion of
agricultural, manufacturing and mining interests.
In 1866, the principal products were : Corn, 21,597,083 bushels, value, $32,611,595; Oats, 497,-
900 bushels, value, $522,890; Potatoes, 422,815 bushels, value, $1334,024 ; Tobacco, 349,371 pounds,
value, $108,305; Hay, 80,854 tons, value, $1,506,310.
1869.] ARKANSAS, ggl
2. ARKANSAS.
Capital, Little Rock. Area, 52,198 square miles. Papidation, (1860), 823,138.
Arkansas is a portion of the Louisiana purchase ceded to the United
States by France in 1803. It was settled by the French at Arkansas Post in
1685, was formed into a territory from a part of Missouri, March 2, 1819, and
admitted into the Union as a state, June 15, 1886. A state convention
assembled at Little Rock and passed an ordinance of secession, March 4,
1861. A convention to revise the state constitution assembled January 8,
1864, amended the constitution and provided for its being submitted to the
people March 18, when the popular vote was taken with 12,177 in its favor,
and 226 against it. Slavery was abolished by the constitution. The state
government was reorganized in 1864, but it was not recognized by Congress
as a legal government. Arkansas with Mississippi was constituted the 4th
military district by the act of Congress for reconstruction, passed in 1867,
and Major General E. O. C. Ord was appointed to the command. He directed
an election for a convention in November, 1867. The election resulted in a
majority of 14,000 for the convention which assembled January 8, 1868, and
February 11, adopted a constitution which was ratified by the people, March
13. The state was again admitted into the Union by vote of Congress, June
22, 1868. The bill as it passed both houses was returned by the President
without his signature, but was passed over the veto in the House of Repre
sentatives June 20, and in the Senate June 22.
The constitution provides among other things, that the paramount alle
giance of every citizen is due to the Federal Government, in the exercise of
all its constitutional powers, as the same may be defined by the Supreme Court
of the United States ; and no power exists in the people of this or any other
state of the Federal Union to dissolve their connection therewith, or per
form any act tending to impair,, subvert, or resist the supreme authority of
the United States. The equality of all persons before the law shall be recog
nized, and ever remain inviolate; nor shall any citizen ever be deprived of
any right, privilege or immunity, nor exempted from any burden or duty, on
account of race, color or previous condition.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. SALARY.
Governor POWELL CLAYTON $5,000
Lieutenant Governor A. M. JOHNSON
Secretary of State R. S. J. WHITE 3,000
Auditor JAMES R. BERRY 3,000
Treasurer HENRY PAGE 3,000
Attorney General J. R. MONTGOMERY 3.500
Superintendent of Public Schools THOMAS SMITH 3,500
The Governor and other state officers are chosen by* the qualified electors
at the same time as the members of the General Assembly. The term of office
is four years. The House of Representatives consists of 82 members chosen
for two years, and the Senate of 24 members chosen for four years. The
Legislature meets every two years, on the first Monday of January.
282 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Every male person born in the United States, and every male person who
has been naturalized, or has legally declared his intention to become a citi
zen of the United States, who is twenty-one years old or upwards, and who
shall have resided in the state six months next preceding the election, and
who at the time is an actual resident of the county in which he offers to
vote, shall be deemed an elector. Criminals, idiots, insane persons, soldiers
and sailors in service of the United States, and certain classes who partici
pated in the rebellion are excluded.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and four Associate Jus
tices. It has appellate jurisdiction, and general supervision and control
over all inferior courts of law and equity. It holds two terms annually. The
Supreme Court Judges are appointed by the Governor for eight years.
The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction over all criminal cases not
expressly provided for otherwise by law ; there are two terms annually in
each circuit. The Judges and District Attorneys are appointed by the Gov
ernor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of four
years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. District Judge, Henry C. Caldwell. District Attorney,
Wheeler. Marshals, Isaac Mills, Luther C. White. Clerks District Courts, Charles D. Red-
mand, James O. Churchill.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, W. W. Wilehire, Little Rock. Associate Justices, Lafayette Gregg, Little Rock ;
T. M. Bowen, Little Rock; Jno. McClure, Little Rock; Win. H. Harrison, Monticello. Clerk
and Reporter, L. E. Barber, Little Rock.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
1st Circuit Jno. E. Bennett, Helena ; 2rf Circuit, Wm. Storey, ; 3d Circuit, Elisha Baxter,
Batesville ; <tth Circuit, M. L. Stephenson, Huntsville ; 5th Circuit, E. D. Ham, Fayetteville ;
6th Circuit, Wm. M. May, Dardannelle ; 1th Circuit, Jno. Whytock, Little Rock ; 8th Circuit,
E. J. Searle, Little Rock ; Wh Circuit, G. N. McCowen, Magnolia ; Wth Circuit, Henry B. Morse,
Pine Bluff.
FINANCES.
The last reports of the Treasurer and Auditor which wre have been able
to obtain, present statements of the receipts and payments of money from
the reorganization of the State Government in April, 1864, to September
30,1866, or for 2 years, 5 months, and 12 days.
RECEIPTS.
Balance from late Treasurer in gold $5,004.00
Proceeds of gold due the State from the late agent 5,500.00
Received from sheriffs 210,980.71
From Auditor's sale, and redemption of land forfeited for non-payment of taxes 1,379.87
$222,864.58
PAYMENTS.
Auditor's warrants paid in specie $5,004.00
Auditor's warrants paid in currency 65,096.78
$70,700.78
Balance in treasury of General Revenue 152,163.80
Balance due certain funds 764.90
Balance due counties for county tax 575.17
Balance due County clerks for fees 36.50
Aggregate in Treasury, September 30, 1866 $153,540.37
1869.] ARKANSAS. 333
STATE DEBT.
The State Debt was created on account of the banks, and consisted of
State Bonds, issued by the state, amounting in principal and interest, Decem
ber 31, 1866, to $3,575,1?,!.
There had also been transferred from certain funds, and used for state
purposes, the following amounts :
From Swamp Land Fund, specie, $91,938.96. From Internal Improvement Fund, specie,
$16,120.28; confederate money, $3,379.00; treasury warrants, $15,297.47; war bonds, $2,549.74.
From Seminary Fund, specie, $4,677.95; war bonds, $504.32; treasury warrants, $79.82; con
federate money, $1,998.72. From Saline Fund, specie, $545.51; treasury warrants, $4,080.71.
Aggregate value of property in 1860, as given by census, $219,256,473; as assessed in 1867,
$52,510,771. The amount of the State Debt in 1868, was $4,577,081.
EDUCATION.
According to the census of 1860, there were in Arkansas 4 colleges, with
225 students, and an income of $5,585; 727 public schools, with 19,242
pupils, and $120,613 income, of which $200 was endowments, and $13,356
from public funds ; 109 academies and other schools, with 4,415 pupils, and
$68,146 income, of which $6,300 was endowments and $8,645 from public
funds.
At the close of the war, the interests of education were in a confused and
depressed condition. Literary institutions had been closed, some of the
buildings had been wantonly destroyed, or rendered unfit for educational
purposes by military occupation; funds had been scattered, educational
grants wasted, and no system of public instruction existed to meet the wants
of the community.
Governor Murphy, in his message to the General Assembly in 1866, says,
" No state in the Union is, at present, behind Arkansas in educational pro
vision, and never, in the history of the state, have the people indicated a
stronger desire for the establishment of a thorough system of common school
education at the public expense. The people are beginning to feel that
ignorance is a crime, deeply injurious to the peace and happiness of society,
for which not only parents, but the government also, are responsible."
The constitution makes it the duty of the General Assembly to establish
and maintain free schools, and provide by law for the improvement of such
lands as are or hereafter may be granted by the United States to this State
for the use of schools, and to apply any funds which may be raised from
such lands, or from any other sources. It provides for a State University, with
an agricultural department; makes it obligatory on parents to send each
child to school at least three years between the age of five and eighteen,
or to give them instruction, at home or elsewhere equivalent. The Superin
tendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of public schools.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Arkansas Institution for the Blind was incorporated by an act of the
General Assembly, February 4, 1859, and opened for the reception of pupils
the same month. The act of incorporation provided no funds, but in 1861,
there was an appropriation from the Seminary and Saline Funds, for the
284 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
board, tuition and incidental expenses of indigent pupils not exceeding 20,
of $200 to each, and an appropriation of $900 towards the salary of the
Principal. With this aid amounting in all to $3,807, and contributions and
receipts from other sources to the amount of $1,131.75, the institution was
organized, houses and furniture procured, and 13 blind children supported
and educated for two years. The institution was kept in successful opera
tion until 1863, when, owing to the condition of the country, it was closed
and the property sold.
The Penitentiary was under the control of the Commander of the Depart
ment, while Arkansas was occupied by the United States Military forces,
and used partly as a Military Prison. The buildings were, at the time of the
meeting of the General Assembly, in much need of repair.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
This state has rapidly increased in population, and its position gives it
many advantages for the employment of labor and capital. The following
table exhibits the population at each decade since it was organized as a
territory :
Census. White. Tree Colored. Slaves. Total. Incr. per cent.
1820 12,579 77 1,617 14,273
1830 25,671 141 4,576 30,388 112.91
1840 77,174 4G5 19,935 97,574 221.09
1850 162,189 G08 47,100 209,897 115.12
1860 324,191 144 111,115 435,450 107.46
The agricultural statistics of 1860 showed a rapid enlargement of culti
vated land, and a six-fold improvement in the value of farms and farm im
plements over the preceding decade. The live stock averaged from fifty to
three hundred per cent, increase upon the returns of 1850. The cereal crops
showed still greater improvement. The soil, especially in the eastern part
of the state and on the rivers, is very rich, but needs drainage to be made
available for agricultural purposes. It is rich in minerals. It exceeds all
the other states in the abundance of gypsum and manganese, and iron, coal,
lead, and zinc are abundant.
It is not a manufacturing state, but in 1860, it had 518 establishments,
giving an annual product of $2,880,578. Its rivers afford excellent facilities
for commerce, and the introduction of labor and capital with these facilities
will develop its resources and add greatly to its wealth. The following is
the assessed value of property from all except 10 counties not reported.
Value of taxable property in 1865. Number of acres of land, 10,699,956; value of
land and improvements, $213,733,832. Number of town lots, 14,959 ; value of city and town lots
and improvements, $2,962,318. Number of paw mills, 104; value of saw mills, $410,860. Num
ber of tan-yards, 117 ; value of tan-yards, $39,489. Number of distilleries, 64 ; value of distill
eries, $8,893. Household furniture over $200 in value, $60,634. Number of pleasure carriages,
1,321 ; value of 'pleasure carriages, $110,000. Total, $27.320,026.
Banks. There were, in 1868, two National Banks, with $200,000 capital, and a circulation
of $179,500.
1869.] CALIFORNIA. 285
3. CALIFORNIA.
Capital, Sacramento. Area*, 188,981 square miles. Population, (1866), 470,597.
California was settled by the Spaniards in 1769, ceded to the United States
by Mexico in 1848, and admitted to the Union as a state in 1850.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. SALARY.
Governor H. H. HAIGHT f 7,000
Lieutenant Governor WILLIAM HOLDEN 12 pr. day.
Secretary HENRY L. NICHOLS 4,000
Treasurer ANTONIO F. CORONEL 4,000
Comptroller ROBERT WATT ,. 4,000
Attorney General JOSEPH HAMILTON 4,000
Surveyor General JOHN W. BOST 3,000
Superintendent of Public Instruction O. P. FITZGERALD 3,000
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller,
Treasurer, Attorney General, Surveyor General and Superintendent of Public
Instruction, are chosen for four years commencing with the first Monday in
December after the election. The last election for state officers was in Sep
tember, 1867.
The Legislature meets biennially on the first Monday in December of the
odd years, 1869, 1871, &c. ; the session is limited to 120 days. The Senators,
40 in number, are elected for four years, one-half being elected every second
year ; the Representatives, 80 in number, are elected for two years.
Every white male citizen of the United States, and every white male citizen
of Mexico, who shall have elected to become a citizen of the United States
under the treaty of peace exchanged and ratified at Queretaro on the 30th
of May, 1848, of the age of 21 years, who shall have been a resident of the
State six months next preceding the election, and of the county or district
in which he claims his vote, thirty days, shall be entitled to vote at all
elections, which are now, or hereafter may be authorized by law.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice, and four Associate Jus
tices. It has appellate jurisdiction in all cases in equity, in all cases at law
involving the title or possession of real estate, or the legality of any tax, toll,
fine, etc., or in which the matter in controversy amounts to $300 ; also in all
cases arising in the Probate Courts ; and in all criminal cases amounting to
felony on questions of law alone. It has power to issue writs of mandamus,
certiorari, prohibition, and habeas corpus, and all writs necessary and proper
to the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.
The State is divided into fourteen judicial districts, in each of which
there is a District Court. This Court has original jurisdiction in all the
cases in equity and law already mentioned in which the Supreme Court has
appellate jurisdiction. It has Criminal jurisdiction in criminal cases not
otherwise provided for. Each organized county lias a County Court with
286 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
original jurisdiction of actions of forcible entry and detainer, insolvency,
nuisance, and of all such special cases as are not otherwise provided for.
A Justice of the Supreme Court may issue writs of habeas corpus to any
part of the State in behalf of any person held in custody, a District Judge a
similar writ in his district, and a Judge of a County Court in his county.
The Justices of the Supreme Court are elected by the qualified voters of the
State at special elections at which no other than judicial officers shall be
elected except the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The District
Judges are chosen at the same time by the qualified electors of their respec
tive districts, and the Judges of the County Courts by the qualified electors
of their respective counties.
The term of office for the Justices of the Supreme Court is ten years ; for
the Judges of the District Court six years ; and for the Judges of the County
Courts four years, all commencing on the first of January next succeeding
the time of election.
UNITED STATES COUKTS.
Circuit Judge, Stephen J. Field. District Judge, Ogden Hoffman. District Attorney, Delos
Lake. Marshal, Charles W. Rand. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, George E. Whitney,
all of San Francisco.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, Royal T. Spragne.
Associate Justices, Lorenzo Sawyer, A. L. Rhodes, O. L. Shafter, S. W. Sanderson.
Attorney General, J. G. McCullough. Clerk, Wm. Wood. Reporter, C. A. Tuttle.
Salary of Chief Justice, $6,000 ; of each Associate Justice, $6,000.
DISTRICT COURTS.
Judges. First District, Pablo de la Guerra, Santa Barbara ; Second District, W. T. Sexton,
Oroville ; Third District, S. B. McKee, Oakland ; Fourth District, E. D. Sawyer, San Francisco ;
Fifth District, J. M. Cavis, Sonora ; Sixth District, J. H. McKune, Sacramento ; Seventh District,
J. B. Southard, Petaluma; Eighth District, William S. Brock, Eureka; Ninth District, E. Gar
ter, Shasta; Tenth District, J. S. Belcher, Marysville ; Eleventh District, S. W. Brockway, Moke-
lumne Hill ; Twelfth District, O. C. Pratt, San Francisco ; Thirteenth District, J. M. Bondurant,
Mariposa ; Fourteenth District, T. B. McFarland, Nevada.
Salaries in Fourth and Twelfth Districts, $6,000 ; in all the rest, $5,000.
KEGISTERS IN BANKRUPTCY.
First Congressional District, Ashcr B. Bates, San Francisco ; Second Congressional District,
Samuel J. CJark, San Francisco ; Third Congressional District, Rowland L. Woodworth, Petaluma.
TIMES AND PLACES FOR HOLDING COURTS.
United States District Court— District of California. Regular terms in San Francisco, first
Monday of April, second Monday of August, and first Monday of December. Special terms at,
the discretion of the court.
United States Circuit Court— District of California. Regular terms held in San Francisco,
first Monday of February, second Monday of June, and first Monday of October. Special terms
at discretion of court.
Supreme Court of California. Regular terms at San Francisco, first Monday of January,
April, July, and October.
DISTRICT AND COUNTY COURTS IN SAN FRANCISCO.
District Court. Regular terms Fourth District, first Monday of February, May, August
and November ; Twelfth District, first Monday of January, April, July, and October.
County Court. Regular terms first Monday of January, and of each alternate month thereafter.
1869.] CALIFORNIA. 287
FINANCES.
EECEIPTS FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1867.
Counties for taxes $1,910,293.05
Counties for licenses 112,259.23
Swamp and Overflowed lands 28,172.78
State School lands, principal and interest 48,399.60
Seminary lands, principal and interest 3,130.69
Building and side lands 294.40
Court Fees 13,545.35
Sundry persons for stamps 175,188.91
Commissioner of Immigration 13,617.10
State Harbor Commissioners 207,464,19
Sales of Soldier's Bounty Bonds 1,028,720.00
Miscellaneous ... ... 54,146.76
Total Receipts $3,595,232.06
EXPENDITURES FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1867.
Executive Department , $76,181.38
Legislative Department 10,514.57
Judicial Department 114,564.24
State Library 13,130.70
Support of Insane 171,437.35
Support of Deaf, Dumb and Blind 40,000.00
Military 702, 698 .06
State Printing ., . 42,314.65
State Prison 50.000.00
Support of Indigent Sick 14,061.45
Charitable Institutions 34,500.00
Interest on State Debt 505,543.26
Redemption of State Debt 417,411.44
Purchase of State Bonds 17,725.75
Support of Common Schools 233,254.51
Miscellaneous purposes 440,186.56
Reclamation of Swamp and Overflowed lands 70,709.87
Total Expenditures $2,954,233.79
PUBLIC DEBT.
Bonds of 1867 outstanding July 1, 1867 $3,314,000.00
Bonds of 1860 outstanding July 1, 1867 177,000.00
Soldiers' Relief Bonds outstanding July 1, 1867 507,500.00
Soldiers' Bounty Bonds outstanding July 1, 1867 1,113,000.00
Total amount of funded debt July 1, 1867 $5,111,500.00
On the 15th day of July, 1867, there was further issue of Soldiers' Bounty Bonds 15,000.00
Making the total funded debt on the first day of November, 1867 $5,126,500.00
Estimated Receipts for 1869 $2,394,440.00
Estimated Expenditures for 1869 2,246,630.00
Total assessed value of property in the state for 1866, $197,789,107, as follows : real estate,
$93,379,737; improvements, $15,306,817 ; personal property, $88,239,582.
EDUCATION.
The State has made great advances in the cause of public education since
its admission to the Union, and has now a school system which in some re
spects is unsurpassed in any of the Eastern States. The year 1867 marks
the change from " rate bill " schools to the free school system.
288 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
There is a State Board of Education which consists of the Governor, the
Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Principal of the State Normal
School, the Superintendents of Schools in San Francisco, and in Sacramen
to, Santa Clara and San Joaquin counties, and two professional teachers
holding state diplomas. The Board has power to adopt courses of study,
rules and regulations for all public schools in the state, but such rules
must not be in conflict with the special rules adopted by the Board of Ed
ucation of any city or county.
The Superintendent of Public Instruction who is elected by the people for
four years, has the general supervision of Public Schools and he is ex-officio
one of the Trustees of the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, and
of the State Reform School. A County Superintendent of Common Schools
is elected in each county for two years, who is required to visit each school
in his county at least once a year, to distribute forms, reports and circulars,
and make an annual report to the State Superintendent. Each county, city
or incorporated town constitutes a school district unless districts are other
wise established by the Board of Supervisors. Each district elects a board
of Trustees which has power to employ and dismiss teachers and make gen
eral arrangements and regulations for the public schools of their respective
districts.
The State Board of Examination consisting of the Superintendent of Pub
lic Instruction, and four professional teachers, has power to grant Teachers
Life Diplomas valid for life ; State Diplomas valid for six years, and State
Certificates — first grade, for four years, second grade for two years, and third
grade for one year. All regularly issued State Normal School Diplomas of
any State Normal School in the United States, and all Life Diplomas granted
by the State Board of Examination in any of the United States are recog
nized as prima facie evidence of fitness for the profession of teaching.
There is a County Board of Examiners in each county, composed of the
County Superintendent and a number of teachers not exceeding three, who
can grant three grades of certificates valid in the county for one, two and
three years respectively. Every city having a City Board of Education, gov
erned by special laws, must have a Board of Examiners, consisting of the
City Superintendent and three public school teachers. This Board has
power to grant certificates of the same grade as the State Board, but valid
only in the city in which they are granted.
The requirements for State Diplomas, and first and second grade certifi
cates are a knowledge of algebra, arithmetic, English grammar, composition,
geography, history of the United States, physiology, natural philosophy, or
thography, defining, penmanship, constitution and government of the United
States, reading, elocution, and theory and practice of teaching, and good
moral character. The requirements for the second grade are the foregoing
studies, except natural philosophy and algebra. Life Diplomas may be
granted by the State Board of Education to such persons only as shall have
taught one year successfully, or have held for the same time the office of
State, City or County Superintendent.
I860.] CALIFORNIA. 289
The State Normal School is under the charge of a Board of Trustees, com
posed of the members of the Board of Education. More than nine-tenths
of the pupils since its organization in 1862, have been young ladies. The
course of study is limited to the elementary branches. A successful Train
ing Department in which the Normal pupils pass a part of their time in ob
servation and practice, is connected with the Normal School.
The city of San Francisco has maintained a system of free public schools
since the organization of the city government. These schools have been lib
erally supported and efficiently organized. The growth of the schools has
kept pace with the growth of the city. In 1850, there were twro teachers
and 150 pupils in attendance, and in 1867, 253 teachers and 13,385 pupils.
STATISTICS OP SCHOOLS FOR 1867.
Number of children between 5 and 15 years of age— whites, 92,409; negroes, 709; Indian chil
dren under guardianship of white persons, 1,231. Whole number of census children between
5 and 15 years of age, 94,349; increase in one year, 9,197; number between 5 and 15 years of age
who have attended public schools during the school year, 54,726 ; number of same age who have
attended private schools, 14,026 ; number who have not attended any school during the school
year, 21,411. Number of Mongolian children under 15 years of age, 412; number attending
school, 218.
Number of pupils enrolled— boys, 31,943 ; girls, 29,284. Total, 61,227. Average number belong
ing to public schools, 45,673; average daily attendance, 43,271. Average length of schools, 7.2
months. Number of male teachers employed, 616 ; female teachers, 773 ; total, 1,389. Number
of certificates issued by County Board to male teachers, 362 ; to female teachers, 491 ; total,
853. Number of certificates renewed, 296; number of State Diplomas issued, 148.
iNumber of School Districts, 864; school houses built of brick, 58; of wood, 821 ; number of
new school houses erected, 106. Number of schools— 1st Grade, 168; 2d Grade, 426; 3d Grade,
471 ; High Schools, 6.
Amount of School Fund received— from State, $268,910.84 ; from county taxes, $302,945.36 ;
from city tax, $292,773 ; from district tax, $58,954.74; from rate bills and subscriptions, $81,-
99<5.31 ; miscellaneous sources, $210,857.81 ; cash on hand at beginning of year, $71,279.92; total
receipts, $1,287,687.98. Expenditures— for teachers salaries, $696,110.28 ; for sites, buildings, and
repairs, $238,010.64 ; for rent, fuel, and contingent expenses, $213,610.96 ; for school libraries,
$10,125.10; for apparatus, $5,431.83; miscellaneous, $5,294; total expenditures, $1,168,583.41 ;
increase over 1866, $310,096. Average monthly wages paid male teachers, $77 ; female teachers,
$64. Average annual salary of male teachers exclusive of board, $554 ; of female teachers,
$460. The number of teachers in 1867 holding State Life Diplomas, was 46 ; holding State Ed
ucational diplomas, 94 ; first grade certificates, 157 ; second grade certificates, 102 ; third grade
certificates, 33.
Average cost of tuition for each child enrolled on public school registers, $11.20; total expen
diture for each child enrolled, $18.85. Total valuation of school property, $1,346,335.72; of school
libraries, $21,366.56; of school apparatus, $21,718. The average daily attendance in 1857, was
9.717 ; in 1867. 43.271 ; an increase in ten years of 33,554 or 345 per cent.
San Francisco. There were in the city in 1867, 20,253 children between 5 and 15 years of age,
of whom 1,761 were between 5 and 6 years of age and not allowed to attend the public schools.
13,000 of those between 6 and 15 were enrolled, the average number belonging to the schools
being 10,856. There were 4,165 in private schools, and 1,277 not attending any school. The city
has 3 High Schools, 8 Grammar schools, and 24 Primary schools. There are 10 High School
classes averaging 25 pupils each, 58 Grammar School classes, averaging 55 pupils each, and
152 Primary school classes, averaging 60 pupils each. The average cost of each scholar per year
in the High School, is $82.49, in the Grammar and Primary Schools, $17.17. Fifty of the teach
ers are graduates of the California State Normal School, several others are from Normal Schools
in the Eastern States. The amount paid for tuition during the year was $209.736.92, an increase
of $26,201.84 over 1866. Some of the school-houses are among the finest in the country.
Sacramento. The first public school in this city was opened in February, 1854 ; in July
of the same year, there were 261 pupils in the public schools, and 250 in private schools ; the
number of children in the city between the ages of 4 and 18 was 1,218. In 1867, there were of
19
290 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
children under 15 years of age— white, 3,782 ; colored, 102 : Indian, 14 ; Chinese, 45 ; total, 3,943.
The average number of pupils attending the public schools in 18(57, was 1,700; average attend
ance about 1,300. There are 15 schools in the city, viz : 1 High School, under the charge of a
Principal and assistant ; 1 Grammar School, under a Principal and four assistants ; 4 Interme
diate Schools, under a Principal and assistant each ; 7 Primaries having a Principal and assistant
each ; 1 Colored School, with a Principal and assistant : and an Ungraded School, with a Prin
cipal only. The Colored School is not graded. The Board of Education now employs 32
teachers and assistants. The cost per pupil in 1866 (a fair average) was $10.95 per annum in
the Primary Schools, $16.40 in the Intermediate, $29.60 in the Grammar, $36.83 in the Ungraded,
$27.52 in the Colored, and $61.10 in the High Schools.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The Insane Asylum was opened for the reception of patients in 1851, when
13 were admitted. In 1852, by an act of the Legislature all of the insane
of the state were removed to this institution. Out of the 124 admitted that
year, only 3 were natives of California. Since that time, the number of insane
has steadily and rapidly increased far beyond the usual proportion to the
population.
Important changes and great improvements have been made in the institu-
1 tion under Dr. Shurtleff, the present superintendent, but it is much crowded
and the Medical Visitors recommend the removal of all " foreign patients,
as well as epileptics, idiots and imbeciles," that the legitimate indigent in
sane persons, -residents of the state may be properly treated.
The Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind,
has been reorganized under the act of the Legislature, approved March 31,
1866.
A new and convenient building, 194 by 148 feet, has been erected, upon
a tract of 130 acres, near Oakland, in Alameda County. It provides for a
separation of the deaf and dumb, from the blind, and also for the complete
separation of the two sexes. No charge is made to pupils from California,
those from other states pay $300 per annum.
The State Reform School at Marysville was reported in successful opera
tion at the close of the year 1867.
The Legislature at a previous session, passed a bill abolishing the school,
and providing for the transfer of its inmates to the Industrial School of San
Francisco but it was not approved by the governor.
Insane Asylum of California, Stockton. G. A. SHURTLEFF, M. D., Superintendent.
Number of patients in asylum October 1, 1866 — males, 506; females, 187; total, 693. Admitted
during the year — males, 226; females, 87; total, 313. Whole number under treatment during the
year — males, 732; females, 274; total, 1,006. Number of patients discharged during the year —
males, 107 ; females, 32 ; total, 139 ; recovered, 125 ; improved, 14. Number died during the
year— males, 66; females, 23; total, 89. Eloped, 9. Remaining October 1, 1867, 769. Supposed
cause of insanity of those admitted during the year — intemperance, 19 ; injury to the head, 9 ;
menstrual derangement, 6 ; sickness, 11 ; domestic trouble, 12; masturbation, 34; religion, 12;
child-birth, 5 ; pecuniary losses, 18 ; hereditary, 8 ; love, 6 ; epilepsy, 8 ; spiritualism, 4 ; mis
cellaneous and unknown, 167 ; total, 313. There were — unmarried, 172 ; married, 114 ; widowed,
10; unknown, 17; total, 313. Occupation of those admitted — miners, 39; laborers, 54; farmers,
15; housewives, 56 ; servants, 11; clerks, 4; merchants, 5; carpenters, 8; soldiers, 6; sailors
13; shoe makers, 6; barbers, 3; bar-keepers, 3; stewards, 4; tailors, 5; cooks, 3; unknown,
miscellaneous or of no' occupation, 78 ; total, 313. Age of those admitted — less than 15 years
of age, 1 ; 15 to 20, 8 ; 20 to 30, 91 ; 30 to 40, 105 ; 40 to 50, 44 ; 50 to 60, 9 ; 60 to 70, 3 ; unknown,
52; total, 313.
1809.] CALIFORNIA. 291
California Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and the Blind, San Francisco. WARREN
WILKINSON, M. A., Principal. Number of deaf and dumb in the institution, October 1, 1866,
36 ; admitted during the year, 20 ; total number under instruction, 56 ; number who have left
during the year, 8; remaining October 1, 1867, 48. Number of blind in the institution October
1, 1866, 19 ; admitted during the year, 12 ; whole number under instruction during the year, 31 ;
number who have left during the year, 9. Remaining October 1, 1867, 22. Total number in
both departments, 70.
PRISONS.
We have been unable to obtain reliable statistics from the county jails.
The State Prison was opened in 1851, when the number of commitments was
35. This number was increased wdth varying regularity until 1855, when
it amounted to 266. There was then a decrease in the number received for
four successive years, when in 1859, it amounted to 220. In 1860, it rose to
295, but on the breaking out of the war it was again diminished, until in
1863 there were but 163 admitted; from that time the number has increased
in each successive year, and in 1867 was 287. Though the capacity of the
State Prison has been increased by the erection of two additional prison
buildings containing 392 cells, the increase of prisoners has kept pace with
the increase of cells.
The Directors urge strongly that some provision be made for the separa
tion of young convicts from those hardened in crime. The demand for pris
on labor has much increased during the last two -years, but the shop room
and facilities for the employment of the prisoners are inadequate. Notwith
standing the large increase in numbers, the health of the prisoners has been
exceedingly good ; the average amount of sickness, and percentage of deaths
being less than in the prisons in the Eastern States and in Europe.
State Prison, San Quentin. CON MURPHY, Turnkey. Whole number of prisoners, Nov.
1, 1866, 694; number received during the year, 287; number discharged, 289. Whole, number
Nov., 1867, 692 ; of whom 66 were less than 20 years of age ; 155 from 20 to 25 ; 156 from 25 to
30 ; 149 from 30 to 35 ; 76 from 35 to 40 ; 71 from 40 to 50 ; and 19, 50 years and upwards.
Fift y-one were sentenced 1 year ; 100, 2 years ; 132, 3 years ; 56. 4 years ; 93, 5 years ; 55, from
5 to 7 years ; 109, from 7 to 10 years ; 54, from 10 to 15 years ; 2, from 15 to 20 years ; 18, 20 years
and upwards ; and 22 for life.
The crimes for which the prisoners were sentenced were— murder, 12 : murder, second degree.
77; manslaughter, 50 ; assault to murder, 16; assault with deadly weapon, 13; rape. 9; assault
to rape, 12; robbery, 65: assault to rob, 7; burglary, 114; arson, 5: arson, second degree. 5;
forgery, 9; perjury, 3; breaking jail, 3; felony, 14; grand larceny, 252; housebreaking, 13;
incest. 3; miscellaneous, 10. Total, 692.
Five hundred and sixty-four were serving their 1st term ; 89, their second term ; 24 their third
term ; 13, their fourth term ; 1 the fifth term ; and 1 the sixth term.
Number that could read, 483; read and write, 436; that could do neither, 209. Number of
native Californians, 74 ; natives of other parts of the United States, 243 ; foreign birth, 375.
Per cent, who could not read,— native Californians, 75 ; natives of the United States, 12 ; for
eign born, 33.
Total expenditures of prison for two years, $227,686.12 ; earnings, $79,628.79 ; deficiency,
$168,057.33. Of the expenditures, $84.638.64 was for redemption of scrip ; $124,124.50 for com
missary supplies, $5,673, for salaries ; the remainder, miscellaneous.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population rapidly increased after the opening of the gold mines in
1848. Since the discovery of mineral treasure in the states and territories
292 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
east of California, emigration to these states has taken place, to a consider
able extent, but the immigration from the Eastern States, from Europe, Asia,
and the Hawaiian Islands has continued to add largely to the population
which at different periods was as follows :
1850 92,597 1860 397,994 1866 470,597
California has an area of 188,986 square miles, or 120,947,840 acres, of
which not less than 89,000,000 including swamp lands capable of reclama
tion, are suited to some kind of profitable husbandry. It is supposed that
at least 40,000,000 acres are fit for the plough, and the remainder is adapted
to stock raising, fruit growing and other branches of agriculture.
The soil and climate of California are eminently adapted to the growth
of cereals, fruits and vegetables. The hardier fruits succeed well in all parts
of the state, and along the southern coast, oranges, lemons, figs, pineapples,
and other tropical fruits are raised. Cotton, sugar-cane, and indigo, are also
produced in this portion. The yield of wheat in 1860 was over 5,000,000
of bushels; in 1866, it was 14,080,752 bushels, of which about 4,000,000 were
used for home consumption, leaving 8,000,000 for export. Fruit trees grow
rapidly, bear early, regularly, abundantly, and produce fruit of large size
and superior quality. The soil and climate appear to be well adapted to
grape culture, and the manufacture of wine. Three hundred varieties of
grapes have already been cultivated, among which are the choicest wine
producing grapes of Europe. It is estimated that thirty millions of vines
are already set and will be in full bearing in three years. The vineyards
seldom yield less than 1,000 Ibs. of grapes per acre, and in some places the
product is 20,000 Ibs. per acre. The climate of California is favorable to
stock raising, and in many parts this is the leading branch of husbandry.
Horses, mules, oxen, beef cattle, cows, and sheep are extensively raised.
Sheep husbandry is rapidly becoming an important interest. The slopes of
the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada afford abundance of excellent pas
ture throughout the year. Another branch of industry progressing with
satisfactory results is the cultivation of the mulberry and silk worm. The
general absence of rain from May to November, and of explosive electricity,
is said to be a climatic condition highly favorable to the raising of the silk
worm. Cocoons raised in this State and sent to France for examination
have been pronounced of superior excellence, and, on measurement, found
to exceed the European by from 50 to 100 yards of silk. As both the mul
berry and the silk worm are so thrifty, there is no reason to doubt that silk
culture will succeed, and that it will become an* important interest in the
state. Four millions of cocoons were brought into market in 1866. Two
large silk factories have been established in the State, and silk of very excel-
ent quality is being manufactured. California has an abundance of timber
of the finest varieties. The northern part of the coast is well covered with
spruce, pine, and redwood, and the valleys with oak. The most remarkable
tree in California, and the largest in the world is the Sequoia gigantea, or
mammoth tree, growing with a clear straight stem, sometimes to the height
of 400 feet, with a diameter from 30 to 40 feet in the largest specimens. It
1869.] CALIFORNIA. 293
is found only on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, in Southern Cali
fornia. Fifteen or twenty groves are now known. By an act of Congress
the land containing the " Big Tree Grove," in Mariposa county, embracing
an area of 2,589 acres, has been ceded to the State, to be held for all time
as a place of public resort and recreation. The same act also granted to the
State, the Yosemite valley, embracing 36,111 acres, celebrated as one of the
curiosities of the globe.
The manufacturing industry of the State has rapidly increased. The num
ber of establishments in 1860 was 8,468, with a capital of $22,051,096, using
raw material valued at $27,051,674, the cost of labor being $28,402,287, and
the product of the year's operations was valued at $68,253,228, leaving a
profit of $12,799,267, or fifty-eight per cent, on the capital invested. The
returns received from County Assessors, by the Surveyor General, and pub
lished in his report for 1867, show that the advance in this branch of indus
try has been no less remarkable than the agricultural development.
The great and distinguishing feature of California, is, however, its mineral
wealth. The first discoveries of gold were made in 1848, when the amount
taken from the mines was $10,000,000, increasing to $40,000,000 in 1849,
and upwards of $65,000,000 in 1853, which was the largest product of
any year.
The value of the products of a few of the leading staples of the state in I860, was as follows :
14.080,752 bushels wheat, $14,080,752 5,229,826 pounds wool, $836,772
11,605,922 bushels barley, 4,722,615 1,791,633 gallons wine, 716,653
1,864,379 bushels oats 932,189 1,983,068 bushels potatoes, 1,195,841
358,584 tons hay, 2,868,672 181,850 bushels peanuts, 545,550
4,449,835 pounds butter, 1,334,950 242,213 bushels beans, 363,319
2,110,058 pounds cheese, 316,508
Total value $27,913,821
The amount of land enclosed, was 4,207,131 acres ; cultivated, 1,774,327 acres.
The number of horses was 109,907; mules, 21,310; cattle, 436,363; sheep, 1,346,749; Cashmere
and Angora goats, 2,753; hogs, 332,049; hives of bees, 27,204.
Trade and Commerce of San Francisco, for the first six months of 1868:
Imports from foreign countries, $8,000,000 gold ; from the Atlantic states, $22,457,000, cur
rency ; an increase of $8,000,000 over the same period last year. The exports were— merchan
dise, $11,000,000 ; coin, $20,000,000; total, $31,000,000 gold. The duties on imports amounted
to $4,028,522, and the receipts of internal revenue , $3,000,000.
During these six months 1,550 vessels arrived, bringing 500,000 tons of freight. The arrivals
of passengers by sea, were 32,186; departures, 11,367; net gain, 20.819.
Of the $5,448,000 of merchandise shipped the first quarter of 1868, $4,316,000 was for some 50
articles of California produce, the principal items of which were as follows: wheat, $2.452,000;
flour, $836,000; barley, $37,000; beans, $13,000; potatoes, $9.000; borax, $10,000; quicksilver,
$387,000; ores, $78,000; hides and skins, $116,000; wool, $186,000; leather, $41.000; wine,
$42,000; brandy, $9,000; and bread, $12,000. The gold deposits at the San Francisco Branch
Mint during the first three months of 1868, amounted to 60,000 ounces and the coinage to
$1,312,000.
The total exports of treasure for the first quarter of the past three years have been as follows :
1866, $9,532,544. 1867, $9,825,304. 1868. $10,C40,415.
The exports of merchandise for 1867 were $22,465,903; and of treasure, $41,676.722.16.
About $6,000,000 was shipped east by the United States sub-treasurer, making the total,
$47,676,292, and the aggregate of treasure and merchandise, $70,142,195. The total amount of
treasure exported from 1849 to 1868, was $826,873,738.21.
294 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
4. CONNECTICUT.
Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Area, 4,674 square miles. Population, (1860), 460,147.
THIS State includes the original colonies of Connecticut and New Haven.
The Connecticut colony was settled in 1633, at Windsor, and in 1635, at
Hartford and Wethersfield, by persons from Massachusetts ; and the New
Haven colony in 1638, by a company from England. Separate governments
were maintained until the colonies were united by the charter of Charles II,
in 1662. The two capitals have been continued, the legislature meeting
alternately in each ; it meets in Hartford in 1869.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor JAMES E. ENGLISH New Haven $2,000
Meutenant Governor EPHKAIM H. HYDE Stafford 500
Secretary of State LEVERETT E. PEASE Somers 1,000
Treasurer EDWARD S. MOSELY Hampton 1,500
Comptroller JESSE OLNEY Stratford 1,000
Commissioner of School Fund GEORGE A. PAYNE Woodstock 2,000 and ex.
Secretary of Board of Education BIUDSE Y G. NORTHROP New Haven 3,000 ' '
State Librarian CHARLES J. HOADLY Hartford 1,600
Executive Secretary R. W. WRIGHT New Haven 1.600
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and
Comptroller, are chosen by the legal voters of the State on the first Monday in
April, annually, and hold office from the first Wednesday in May. By the
Constitution, the Senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24
members, to be chosen by districts ; the present number of districts is 21.
The House of Representatives consists of 237 members, 2 for each town in
corporated prior to the adoption of the State Constitution of 1818, and one
for each town incorporated since. The Senators and Representatives are
elected, annually, at the same time as the Governor. The Commissioner of
the School Fund, and the State Librarian are appointed by the legislature.
The Secretary of the Board of Education is chosen by that Board.
Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have attained the
age of twenty-one years, who shall have resided in the State for the term
of one year, and in the town where he offers to vote, six months, and who
is able to read any article of the Constitution, is entitled to the privileges
of an elector, upon taking the oath prescribed by law.
CONNECTICUT NATIONAL GUARDS.
Commander-in- Chief. JAMES E. ENGLISH New Haven.
Major General WILLIAM H. RUSSELL New Haven.
Adjutant General COLIN M. INGERSOLL New Haven.
Quartermaster General WILLIAM M. CHARTER Hartford.
Surgeon General JAMES H. HOYT Stamford.
Commissary General WILLIAM G. COE Winsted.
Paymaster General WILLIAM S. CHARNLEY New Haven.
Brigadier General. 1st Brigade CHARLES H. PRENTICE Hartford.
Brigadier General, %nd Brigade — STEPHEN W. KELLOGG Waterbury.
The military consists of 4 companies of Governor's Guards, and of the 1st division of state
militia in which are 2 brigades with 4 regiments each, a part of which are unorganized, and 5
batteries of light artillery.
CONNECTICUT. 295
JUDICIARY.
By act of 1867, the Supreme Court of Errors is to consist of one Chief
Judge and three Associate Judges, who shall also be judges of the Superior
Court.
Reversal of any judgment or new trial must be with the concurrence of a
majority of the judges, but in reserved cases where no verdict has been ren
dered, if the judges are equally divided, the same may be determined by
the casting vote of the chief justice. Parties in all cases, have a right to
be heard in full court, and if one of the judges is absent, the Chief Justice, or,
in his absence, the senior Judge present, shall summon one or more of the
judges of the Superior Court to constitute a full court. The Supreme
Court of Errors has final and conclusive jurisdiction of all matters brought
by way of error or complaint from the judgment or decrees of any Superior
Court in matters of law or equity, wherein the rules of law or the principles
of equity appear, from the file, records or exhibits of said court, to have
been mistakenly or erroneously adjudged or determined.
The Superior Court consists of six judges, exclusive of those who are
judges of the Supreme Court; it has cognizance of all causes, civil and crim
inal, which are brought before it by suit, appeal, writ of error, scire facias,
complaint, petition, or otherwise, according to law, and may try the same
by jury or otherwise, as the law may require, and proceed therein to judg
ment and execution, but in all criminal trials, punishable by death, the court
must consist of at least two judges, one of whom must be a judge of the
Supreme Court.
The judges of the Supreme Court of Errors and of the Superior Court
are appointed by concurrent vote of the Senate and House of Representa
tives, arid hold office for the term of eight years, but are disqualified by the
constitution when seventy years of age.
The Superior Court appoints its clerks, who -are also clerks of the Supreme
Court.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Samuel Nelson. Distinct Judge, William D. Shipman. District Attorney, Hi
ram Wiley. Marshal, John Gould. Deputy Marshals, P. F. Barnum, F. M. Lovejoy, W. Rus
sell, N. B. Payne. Clerk of Circuit Court, Alfred Blackman. Cleric of District Court, Loren
P. Waldo.
SUPREME COURT OF ERRORS.
Chief Justice, Joel Hinman, New Haven.
Associate Justices, Thomas B. Butler, Norwalk ; John D. Park, Norwich ; Charles J. McCurdy,
Lyme ; Elisha Carpenter, Wethersfield. Clerks of Courts, Chauncey Howard, Hartford ; Arthur
D. Osborne, New Haven; Wm. L. Brewer, Norwich; Elisha S. Abernethy, Bridgeport; Uriel
Fuller, Brooklyn ; Wm. L. Ransom, Litchfleld ; Chas. G. A. Vinal, Middletown ; Joseph Bishop,
Tolland. Reporter, John Hooker, Hartford.
SUPERIOR COURT.
Judges, Dwight W. Pardee, Hartford ; James S. Phelps, Essex ; Dwight Loonfis, Rockville ;
Edward I. Sanford, New Haven ; William T. Minor, Stamford ; Miles T. Granger, North Canaan.
STATE'S ATTORNEYS.
Hartford County, William Hamersley, Hartford; New Haven County, Eleazer K. Foster,
New Haven ; New London County, Daniel Chadwick, Lyme ; Fairfield County, Nelson L. White,
290 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Danbury ; Windham County, Edward L. Cundall, West Killingly ; Litchfield County, Charles F.
Sedgwick, Sharon ; Middlesex County, William T.Elmer, Middletown; Tottand County, D wight
Marcy, Tolland.
TERMS OP SUPREME COURT.
The State is divided into four Judicial Districts corresponding to the Congressional Districts,
and two terms are held in each district, annually, as follows :
1st District, consisting of Hartford and Tolland Counties, 4th Tuesday in February, 1st Tues
day in September ; Zd District, consisting of New Haven and Middlesex Counties, 2d Tuesday
in February, 4th Tuesday in September ; M District, consisting of New London and Windham
Counties, 2d Tuesday in March, 4th Tuesday in October ; and in the 4th District, consisting
of Fairfield and Litchfield Counties, one term is held annually at Litchfield, in the county of
Litchfield, on the 2d Tuesday of August, and two terms at Bridgeport, in Fairfield County, on
1st Tuesday in February, and 2d Tuesday in October.
TERMS OF SUPERIOR COURT.
Hartford County, Hartford, 2d Tuesday of March, 3d Tuesday of July, 4th Tuesday of Sep
tember, 3d Tuesday of December. New Haven County, New Haven, 1st Tuesday of March, 2d
Tuesday of May, 1st Tuesday of September, 2d Tuesday of October, 3d Tuesday of December.
New London County, New London, 3d Tuesday of January, last Tuesday of March, 2d Tuesday
of September ; Norwich, 3d Tuesday of November. Fairfteld County, Bridgeport, 1st Tuesday
of March, 3d Tuesday of December ; Danbury, 2d Tuesday of August, 3d Tuesday of October.
Windham County, Brooklyn, 1st Tuesday of January, 3d Tuesday of April, 4th Tuesday of Aug
ust, 1st Tuesday of November. Litchfield County, Litchfield, 4th Tuesday of January, 2d Tues
day of April, 2d Tuesday of September, 1st Tuesday of November. Middlesex County, Middle-
town, 1st Tuesday of February, 1st Tuesday of December ; Haddam, 2d Tuesday of April, 1st
Tuesday of September. Tottand County, Tolland, 3d Tuesday of April, 2d Tuesday of Septem
ber, 1st Tuesday of December.
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury to the credit of all accounts, April 1, 1867, $499,115.09
Receipts from all sources during the year, - 2,711,236.17
Total, - ... $3,210,351.26
Deduct payments for all purposes, .... 2,496,895.32
Balance April 1, 1868, .... $713,455.94
RECEIPTS FOR CIVIL LIST ACCOUNT FOR TEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1868.
By Balance in Treasury March 31, 1807 $400,483.10
From Forfeited Bonds 9,950.26
Avails of Courts 1 .525.33
Tax on Auction Sales 1,171.92
Tax from agents of Foreign Insurance Companies 10,147.46
" " Savings Banks 208,304.68
" " Railroad Corporations £07,938.36
" " Mutual Insurance Companies 04,466.22
" Express Companies 4,000.00
" ." Non-Resident Stockholders 39,478.15
" on Capital Stocks ; 402.00
" from Towns • 953,866.91
Cash for Licenses to Insurance agents 2,400.00
From Cash from miscellaneous sources $37,734.40
By License to salesmen 14,000.00
By cash of Wm. A. Buckingham in settlement of accounts 3,000.00
$1,958,868.79
EXPENDITURES.
The current expenses for the year ending March 31, 1868, were as follows:
Debenture and Contingent Expenses of the General Assembly $86,275.85
Account of Salaries 39,907.05
1869.] CONNECTICUT. 297
Contingent Expenses, including grants 103,285.59
Judicial expenses, including grants 144,396.07
Expense of supporting state paupers 300.00
Expense of Board of Education 7,916.57
Salary of Directors of Connecticut State Prison 300.00
Account of Public Buildings and Institutions 203,104.54
Printing, Stationery, &c., for General Assembly 16,791.57
Expense of soldiers1 children 77,197.33
Advances made to the Quartermaster General 15,000.00
Advances made to the Paymaster General 75,000.00
Advances made to the Adjutant General 9,995.90
Cash paid for Interest on State Bonds 517,963.00
Amount of State Bonds burned by order of the General Assembly in 1867 123,000.00
Miscellaneous 1,767.16
Balance in Treasury April 1, 1868 536,668.16
$1,958,868.79
STATE DEBT.
At the commencement of the fiscal year, the funded debt of the
state amounted to, $9,705,400.00
Less this amount to credit of Sinking Fund Bonds burned by
order of the General Assembly, - ... 1,284,307.35
Balance, - - $8,421,092.65
Deduct bank stock at market value, - - $383,500.00
Cash on hand April 1, 1868, - - - 713,455.94—1,096,955.94
Leaving the liabilities of the state over and above assets, $7,324,136.71
EDUCATION.
There are three colleges in the state. Yale College at New Haven, (Con
gregational) ; Trinity College at Hartford, (Episcopal) ; and Wesleyan Uni
versity at Middletown, (Methodist).
Yale College has connected with it a Theological Seminary, a Law school,
a Medical school, and the Sheffield Scientific school. The latter institution
has received from Joseph E. Sheffield, Esq., donations amounting in all to
more than $160,000, and is amply provided with all the requisites for giving
thorough instruction in the various departments of mathematical, physical
and natural science. By an act of the Legislature it has been constituted
the Connecticut college for the promotion of agriculture and the mechanic
arts, and has received the benefit of the land appropriation bestowed by
Congress for this purpose.
The Yale School of Fine Arts was established by the liberality of the late
Augustus R Street, Esq., of New Haven. An art building has been erected
for the exhibition of works of art and instruction of classes in the various
arts of design.
The other professional schools are, The Theological Institute of Connec
ticut, also Congregational, which has been removed from East "Windsor to
Hartford, and the Berkeley Divinity School, (Episcopal) at Middletown. (See
table of professional schools). The Episcopal Academy at Cheshire, and the
Connecticut Literary Institute, Suffield, are prosperous institutions, supported
in part by denominational aid.
298 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
There are about 25 incorporated academies in successful operation. Seven
of the cities and many of the larger villages support public High Schools.
The Governor and Lieutenant Governor, ez-ojficio, and one person appoint
ed by the legislature for four years from each of the four Congressional dis
tricts, constitute the State Board of Education, which has the general over
sight and control of the educational interests of the State. This Board ap
points its own Secretary, who, under its direction, exercises a general super
vision over the common schools ; collects information from school visitors,
and submits an annual report to the General Assembly.
There are in the State 8 cities and 163 towns, which are divided for school
purposes into 1,620 districts. The districts elect by ballot their own com
mittees, clerk, treasurer, and collector.
Every common school, to be entitled to the distribution from school funds,
must be kept at least six months in each year by a certificated teacher. The
Common Schools were made free by act of the General Assembly, 1868.
The State Normal School at New Britain, was established by the General
Assembly in 1849, and opened in May, 1830. It was under the charge of a
Board of eight Trustees, one from each county, until July, 1865, when it was
transferred to the supervision of the State Board of Education. During the
fifteen years it was under the care of a Board of Trustees, there were 2,248 re
ceived, nearly all of whom have taught in common schools since leaving the
Normal School. In the summer of 1865, there were 86 in the Normal depart
ment, and more than 300 in the Model department. It was continued under
the charge of the Board of Education until 1867, when, on account of the
withdrawal of the appropriation by the legislature, it was suspended.
Teachers' Institutes are held in the different counties, under the direction
of the Secretary of the Board of Education, and a sum not exceeding $3,000
per annum may be drawn from the State Treasury to defray expenses.
School Statistics. The whole number of children in the state January 1, 1868, between
the ages of 4 and 16, was 123,650; average number in each district, 78; number of common
schools, 1,645; number of departments in public schools, 2,066; average length of winter schools
in weeks, 16.9 ; average length of summer schools in weeks, 16 ; number of scholars registered
in winter, 80,148 ; in summer, 73,865 ; per centage of those enumerated registered in winter,
66; average attendance in winter, 57,117; in summer, 52,299; per centage of attendance in win
ter as compared with number registered in winter, 71.3; compared with number enumerated,
47.2 ; number of scholars over 16 years of age in public schools, 2,181 ; number of male teachers
in winter, 617; in summer, 139; number of female teachers in winter, 1,560 : in summer, 2,023;
number of teachers of the same school two or more successive terms, 1,218; number who have
never taught before, 637 ; number reported as graduates of a Normal School, 123 ; average wages
per month of male teachers including board, $52.05 ; increase over previous year, $6.84 ; average
wages per month of female teachers including board, $24.91 ; increase over previous year, $1.77 ;
number of new school houses erected in the year, 43 ; number of school houses reported "good,"
978; number reported "fair," 368; number reported "bad, "291.
Amount of State School Fund, $2,044,035.47; Town Deposit Fund, $763,661.83; Revenue
of State School Fund, distributed February 28, 1868, $136,015.00; Revenue of Town Deposit
Fund, $44,979.34; Town Tax for Common Schools, $149,681.00; District Tax, $466,931.90; Tui
tion, $89,260.00; Raised from other sources, $99,981.66; Aggregate amount from all sources,
$983,806.32; Amount expended— Teachers' wages, $557,193.22 ; Fuel and incidentals, $64,606.19;
New buildings, $196,453.28; Repairs, $49,471.84; Libraries and school apparatus, $2,802.93;
Other objects, $92,200.75; Total amount expended for schools, $962,723.21.
1869.] CONNECTICUT. 299
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, is the oldest
institution of the kind in the country. It was incorporated in 1816, and
opened on the 15th of April, 1817, with 7 pupils. This number was in
creased during the year to 41, representing ten different states. The institu
tion in 1819, received an endowment from the National Congress of 23,000
acres of land. Liberal terms were made for receiving pupils from other
states, and the Legislatures of several states made appropriations to support
their indigent deaf mutes at this asylum.
In the earlier periods of instruction much use was made of the system of
methodical signs so carefully elaborated by Dr. 1'Epee and Sicard, in which
each word had a definite and fixed sign, and could be given in the proper
order in the sentence. These signs were greatly simplified and improved
by Mr. Gallaudet and his early associates. His successors continued to in
troduce such modifications and improvements as the experience of intelli
gent teachers suggested. The methods now pursued have the same general
end in view as at first, that is to enable the pupils to hold communication
with society by means of written language, but they secure this result earlier
and more satisfactorily by leading the pupil sooner to use forms of connected
language. Special attention has been given from the first to the religious
and moral culture of the pupils.
The Retreat for the Insane was incorporated in 1822 when it received a
grant of $5,000 from the state, and about $18,000 from donations of private
individuals. Additional grants, amounting in all to $19,000, have been made
by the state towards the erection of buildings, and in 1842, $2,000 per annum
was also appropriated to pay for the board of indigent patients. The Leg
islature in 1866, incorporated the General Hospital for the Insane, which
is pleasantly located at Middletown on the banks of the Connecticut river.
It is under the supervision of a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Gov
ernor ex-officio, and one person from each county in the state. An appropri
ation of $35,000 in 1866, $150,000 in 1867, and $200,000 in 1868, was made
for land and buildings, and a site was donated by Middletown. The build
ings which were commenced in 1866, are of Portland free stone, and to be
768 feet in length, with accommodations for at least 450 patients.
The committee of inquiry appointed in 1865, by the Legislature, reported
in 1866, 706 insane persons in the state, of whom 202 were in the retreat at
Hartford. A portion of these have been received into the General Hospital.
The State Reform School at West Meriden was opened in 1854. It re
ceives boys from 10 to 16 years of age who have been convicted of offenses
known to the laws of the State, and punishable by imprisonment other than
such as may'be punishable by imprisonment for life. Parents and guardians
may indenture boys to the school by paying their expenses while there at
the rate of $3 per week. The boys are instructed in the schoolroom four
hours daily, and many of them have made very creditable proficiency in
study. They are also employed in the work shops and on the farm ; the
available resources from their labor were greater in 1867-68 than ever before.
300 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The School for Imbeciles is pleasantly located at Lakeville, in the town of
Salisbury. It has convenient buildings and receives both state and private
pupils. The state has made an annual appropriation of $3,000 for the indi
gent pupils from Connecticut.
There are three Soldiers' Orphan Homes for the education of children of
deceased soldiers located at Darien, Cromwell, and Mansfield under the
charge of voluntary societies, but aided by appropriations from the state.
A grant of $3,000 annually, is made for the education of the indigent
blind at the Perkins Institution for the Blind, Boston.
Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, Hartford. COLLINS STONE, Superintendent. The whole
number in attendance during the past year was 266, of which 155 were males, and 111 females.
There were supported by friends, 21 ; by the state of Connecticut, 50 ; of Maine, 43 ; of Massa
chusetts, 112 ; of New Hampshire, 14 ; of New Jersey, 3 ; of Rhode Island, 10 ; of Vermont,
13; whole number of pupils received into the institution since its organization, 1,741.
The expenditures for the year were, for cash paid orders in favor of Steward, $28,500 ; for
salaries, $20,036.42; for insurance, $363: for library, $100; for sundry expenses, $1,889.37; re
investments, fund account, $53,000 : balance to new account, $678.00 ; total expenditure, $104,-
566.86. The receipts for the year have been, by balance on hand, $80.27; by income from fund,
$17,742.17; by rent of dwellings, $475.00; by paying pupils, $3,236.84; by receipts from the
six New England States for support of beneficiaries, $36,187.50 ; by receipts from fund account,
$46,500; advanced to A. Blodgett estate, repaid. $345.08: total receipts, $104,566.86.
Retreat for the Insane, Hartford. JOHN S. BUTLER, M. D., Superintendent. The whole
number of patients at the beginning of the year was, 117 males, 123 females, total, 240; admit
ted during the year, 72 males, and 101 females, making in all, 413. Of this number there were
discharged as recovered, 72 ; much improved, 36 ; improved, 28 ; not improved, 14 ; died, 17 ;
total discharged through the year, 167; remaining in the Retreat April 1, 1868, 123 males,
123 females ; total, 246 ; whole number admitted from 1824 to 1868, 4,898 ; whole number dis
charged during that time, 4,652. The present superintendent and physician, John S. Butler,
M. D., has had charge of the institution since 1843, and there have been admitted under
his administration, 3,651. The average cost of maintaining each patient for the last year was
$5.16 per week.
Supposed cause of insanity of the patients admitted since the opening of the Retreat,— ill
health of various kinds, 936 ; intense mental and bodily exertion, 376 ; intemperance, 309 ; grief,
loss of friends, &c., 241 ; religious excitement, 237 ; masturbation, 188 ; domestic unhappiness,
182; puerperal state, 166; perplexities in business, 121 ; disappointed affection, 114; epilepsy,
82 ; paramenia, 48 ; injuries of the head, 45 ; turn of life, 41 ; exposure of various kinds, 34 ;
paralysis, 36 ; fever, 31 ; fright, 23 ; spiritual manifestations, 23 ; use of tobacco, 22 ; repelled
cutaneous disease, 20 ; disease of brain, 18 ; millerism, 16 ; disappointed ambition, 17 ; bodily
injuries. 15; war excitement, 14; use of opium, 17; erroneous education, 13 ; miscellaneous or
unknown, 1,513.
Occupations of males, — farmers, 475 ; day laborers, 140 ; merchants, 133 ; clerks, 73 ; students,
46; mechanics, 41 ; carpenters, 38; school boys, 38; shoemakers, 36 ; lawyers, 33; physicians,
31 ; teachers, 28 ; seamen, 26 ; bookkeepers, 22 ; painters, 20 ; blacksmiths, 18 ; machinists, 18 ;
clergymen, 15 ; cabinet-makers, 12 ; speculators, 12 ; tailors, 12 ; weavers, 11 ; soldiers, 11 ; iron
founders, 10 : miscellaneous or unknown, 358. Occupation of females, — domestic pursuits, 1,419 ;
domestics, 131 ; teachers. 94 ; seamstresses, 68 ; factory girls, 48 ; school girls, 40 ; tailoresses,
22; milliners, 18; miscellaneous or unknown, 238.
The age at time of admission from March 31, 1844, to March 31, 1867,— under 15 years of age,
20 ; from 15 to 20, 218 ; from 20 to 25, 477 ; 25 to 30, 443 ; 30 to 35, 431 ; 35 to 40, 406 ; 40 to 45, 364 ;
45 to 50, 273; 50 to 60.412; 60 to 70, 231 ; 70 to 80, a3; over 80, 13; unknown, 27; total, 3,398.
Civil condition of those admitted for same time,— single, 1,720 ; married, 1,583; widowed, 337;
total, 3,648.
State Reform School, West Meriden. E. W. HATCH, M. D., Superintendent and Physician.
This institution had received up to April 1, 1868, 1,270 pupils. The number in the institution at
the commencement of last year were, 264 ; number received during the year, 145 ; number
discharged, 143 ; remaining in the school, April 1, 1868, 266. Of these, 145 can read in books
generally ; 100 can read easy lessons ; 21 can scarcely read at all ; 110 study geography and writ
ten arithmetic ; 190 mental arithmetic ; 12 history ; 117 can write letters. The whole expendi-
1869.] CONNECTICUT. 301
tures of the institution last year were,— for salaries, $9,945.25 ; for repairs and improvements,
$3,845.18; for land, $4,000.00; other expenditures, $43,507.03; total expenditures, $65,297.46.
Receipts,— from State Treasury, $31,317.28; from farm, $1,268.96; from chair shop, $31,102.61;
from boarders, $546.00; from stable, $300; from incidentals, $784.38.
Hartford Hospital, President, JAMES B. HOSMER ; Secretary, F. A. BROWN. The receipts
the past year were, from the state appropriation, $2,063.09 ; from the state, for soldiers, $2,465.65 ;
board of patients, $2,423.56; articles sold, $55: donations, $806.25: from funds, $4,009.62 ; total
receipts, $11,823.17. The expenditures were $12,894.68; the average cost of each patient was
$6.12 per week. There were 45 patients in the hospital at the beginning of the year ; 221 admit
ted during the year, and 211 discharged, leaving 55 in the hospital March 1, 1867. Of those dis
charged, there were recovered, 176 ; improved, 6 ; removed, 5 ; and 24 died during the year.
Connecticut School for Imbeciles, Lakeville. H. M. KNIGHT, M. D., Superintendent.
Number of pupils September 1, 1868, 40. Source of income, mostly from pay of private pupils ;
appropriation from state, $3,000. Annual expense to each pupil, $250 to $300.
STATE PRISON AND JAILS.
In the State Prison the effect of the act of the legislature allowing the
warden to deduct a certain percentage of time from the sentence of convicts
for good behavior has been salutary. The concerts given during the year
under the charge of C. W. Huntington, of Hartford, and the kindness of
H. C. Dorsey, of Pawtucket, in donating $1,666 to furnish an annual dinner
are mentioned by the 'directors as having an important influence on the pris
oners in promoting reformation. The management of the prison is consid
ered quite successful.
State Prison, Wethersfield. WILLIAM WILLARD, Warden. The whole number of pris
oners in confinement March 31, 1867, was 207; number received during the year, 81 ; number
discharged or removed, 97; number remaining March 31, 1868, 191. Of these, the number com
mitted for the first offence was, 174 ; for the second, 13 ; for the third, 2 ; for the fourth, 2.
There were — males, 182 ; females, 9. As to nativities — 131 were Americans ; 60, foreigners. There
were under 20 years of age, 11 : from 20 to 30,111 ; from 30 to 40, 39 ; from 40 Jo 50, 17 ; over 50,
13. There were sentenced for one year and under, 4 ; from 1 to 5 years, 119 ; from 5 to 10 years.
39; 10 to 20 years, 10 ; for 24 years,!; for life, 17. The expenditures for the prison were, for
expense account, $8,916.29; provisions, $11,220.13; clothing and bedding, $1,645.62; hospital,
$772.45; female department, $324 60 ; transportation of convicts, $208.09; repairs and improve
ments, $372.81 ; total expenditures, $23.460.05. Income,— from shoe shops, $10,295.30 ; from bur
nishing shops, $6,824.15; from rule shop, $5,789.46; from profit and loss, $650.25; from board
of United States convicts. $1,495.07; interest, $112.15; total receipts, $25,166.38.
County Jails. The number of prisoners in the county jails in the state is as follows:
New Haven, 69; Hartford, 63; New London, 33; Fairfield, 26; Winclham, 12; Litchfield, 12;
Middlesex, 5; Tolland, 8; total, 228. The total number of white men who have been in jail is
1,249; of white women, 266; of black men, 148; of black women, 40; total, 1,703. Of minors,
339; of natives of this state, 546; of natives of other states, 352; of foreigners, 795. Of those
committed during the year, 560 were from New Haven county ; 474 from Hartford ; 241 from
New London ; 108 from Fairfield ; 34 from Windham ; 53 from Litchfield ; 51 from Middlesex ;
and 27 from Tolland ; total, 1,548.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
Population according to each census since 1790.
1790 238,141 1810 262,042 1830 297.675 1850 370,792
1800 251,002 1820 275,202 1840 309,978 1860 460,147
The increase in population from 1790 to 1840 was quite gradual, the aver
age for each decade being less than 5% per cent. With the exception of
a limited commerce, the occupation of the people was principally agricul
tural. The first railroad went into operation in 1838, and in five years, cars
were running on five roads wholly or partially within the state. Manufac-
302 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
tures increased, and the increase in population the next decade was more
than 19^ per cent., and in the decade from 1850 to 1860, more than 24 per
cent., or greater than in any other New England state.
The proportionate increase in the value of property was still greater, the
amount in 1850 being $155,701,980, and in 1860, $444,274,114— an increase
of 185 per cent, in 10 years, being greater than in either of the other original
thirteen states, or in any other state east of Michigan.
Though this state is the smallest in area except Delaware and Rhode
Island, and was the twenty-fourth in population in 1860, it then ranked as
the first in the production of india rubber goods and sewing machines, the
fifth in the product of cotton goods and woolen goods and in the value of
book printing ; and the fourth in the whole value of the annual products of
industry, which amounted to $83,000,000. Since 1860, there has been a large
increase of capital invested and of products sent to market.
Mines of copper and silver were once profitably worked, but mining is now
confined principally to the production of iron from the mines of Salisbury.
The value of this product in 1860 was $379,500, but the enhanced price
and greater demand has since increased the production. Free stone and
granite in Middlesex County, and marble in Litchfield County, are quarried
for building purposes and export.
Banks. At the close of the fiscal year, March 31, 1868, there were in Connecticut:
6 State Banks with a capital of (and a circulation of $43,851.00) '. . .$1,610,000.00
5 Banks organized as National Banks with a capital of 2,860,000.00
35 National Banks, changed from State Banks under law of 1863, with a capital of. . 11,172,950.00
32 National Banks changed from State Banks under act of 1864, with a capital of. . . 10,463,650.00
Aggregate Banking Capital in the state, of 88 banks 25,994,220.00
Savings Banfc s. There were at the same time 54 Saving Banks, having de
posits amounting to 36,283,460.81
An increase over last year of 5,103,070 67
Market Value of Assets 38,648,891.16
Excess over deposits 2,360,430.35
Insurance. There are in the state, fourteen Stock Fire Insurance Companies with a cap
ital of $7,900,000 ; and a surplus of $431,310; two of these companies have a department, of
Marine Insurance, and tvo of Inland Transportation. There are fifteen Mutual Fire Insurance
Companies, eleven of which report a cash capital of $4,262,745.97.
Six Life Insurance companies have $21,322,367 of Assets, with $196,125,944 insured ; three
Accident companies have an aggregate capital of $1,200,000, and two Live Stock companies have
a capital of $500,000 each, or an aggregate of $1,000,000.
There were in 1866, forty-eight Fire and Marine Insurance Companies from other states doing
business in Connecticut. With a capital of $23,000,000, their receipts including interest on
invested capital were $20,000,000 and the payments for losses $15,000,000.
There were twenty-one Life Insurance companies from other states doing business in this
state, which had insured to the amount of $479,815,315, and have assets of $55,522,346.
Railroads. There are 14 Railroads in the state having a capital of. $24,807,348.00
Of which there has been paid in 19,881,971.71
The whole length of the roads is 872 1-6 miles.
Of which there are within the state 618 miles.
Cost of Roads and Equipments 28,484,324.85
Cost of working the roads 5,420,976.24
Total income of the Railroads 8,026,939.05
Net Earnings 2,162,775.30
Passenger and other train:- have run in all 3,029,666^ miles.
Carrying 5,600,765 passengers.
1869.] DELAWARE. 303
5. DELAWARE.
Capital, Dover. Area, 2,120 square miles. Pojnilation, (1860), 112,216.
This state was settled by the Swedes and Finns at Wilmington, in 1627 ;
was subjected by the Dutch of New York in 1655, but fell into the hands
of the English in 1664. It was included in the grant to William Penn in
1662, remained a part of Pennsylvania until 1703, and was afterwards under
the same government until the adoption of a state constitution, September
20, 1776. It was one of the original thirteen states, and ratified the United
States constitution, December 7, 1787.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor GOVE SAULSBURY Dover $2,000
Secretary of State CUSTIS W. WRIGHT Georgetown . . 500 and fees.
State Treasurer WILLIAM J. CLARKE Dover COO
Auditor EGBERT LAJIBDEN Laurel COO
Attorney General, JACOB MOORE Georgetown... 500 and fees.
Adjutant General EDWARD D. PORTER Newark Honorary.
The governor is elected by the people for a term of four years. The Sec
retary of State is appointed by the governor, and serves an equal term with
him. The State Treasurer and Auditor are elected by the legislature for
two years. The Attorney General is appointed by the governor, and holds
office five years. The Senate consists of 9, and the House of 21 members,
elected for two years.
The legislature meets biennially. The pay of members is $3 a day and
mileage. The speaker of each house receives $4 a day and mileage.
The elective franchise is given to every free white male citizen of the
age of twenty-two years, who has resided one year in the state and the last
month thereof in the county, and who has within two years paid a county
tax assessed at least six months before the election ; every free wrhite male
citizen over twenty-one and under twenty- two may vote without paying any
tax. Idiots, insane persons, paupers, and felons are excluded from voting,
and the legislature may impose forfeiture of the right of suffrage as pun
ishment for crime.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court of Errors and Ap
peals, Superior Court, Court of Chancery, Orphans' Court, Court of Oyer and
Terminer, Court of General Sessions of the Peace and Jail Delivery, Regis
ter's Court, and Justices of the Peace.
The courts above named are composed of five judges, namely : a Chan
cellor of the State, who is President of the Orphans' Courts of the respec
tive counties, and four Judges — a Chief Justice and three Associate Judges —
who compose the Superior Court, Court of Oyer and Terminer, and the
Court of General Sessions of the Peace and Jail Delivery. The Register of
Wills is the presiding officer of the Register's Court for his county. The
Chancellor holds the Court of Chancery in each county of the state.
304 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The Chancellor and the Associate Judge residing in* the county hold the
Orphans' Court in each county. The Chief Justice and all the Associate
Judges, except the Associate residing in the county where the court is
in session, hold the Superior Court and Court of General Sessions of the
Peace. All the Judges, except the Chancellor, sit in the Court of Oyer and
Terminer.
The Court of Errors and Appeals consists of the Chancellor who presides,
and at least two of the other Judges of the state. The principal officers are
Prothonotaries, Clerks of the Peace, Clerks of Orphans' Courts, Registers
in Chancery, Registers of Wills, Recorders of Deeds, Sheriffs, Attorney Gen
eral, and Clerk of the Court of Errors and Appeals.
The Chancellor and Judges are appointed by the Governor, and hold their
offices during good behavior. The Sheriff is elected by the people every
twro years. His official residence is at the county seat.
The Clerk of the Court of Errors and Appeals is clerk of that court,
which is the highest in the state, and where cases at law or in equity are re-
examined by a writ of error or appeal.
The Attorney General is a state officer, whose duty it is to prosecute all
persons committing offenses against the criminal laws of the state. The
Clerks and Registers are appointed by the Governor for the term of five
years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Robert C. Grier. District Judge, Willard nail. Marshal, Joseph Seal. Clerk
of Circuit and District Courts, L. E. Wales.
JUDGES OF STATE COURTS.
Chancellor, Daniel M. Bates, Dover.
Chief Justice, Edward W. Gilpin, Wilmington.
Associate Justices, Leonard E. Wales, Wilmington ; John W. Houston, Milford ; Edward
Wootten, Georgetown. Salary of Chancellor and Chief Justice, $2,000 ; of Associate Justices
$1,700.
TERMS OP COURTS.
The Court of Chancery and Orphans' Court are held in Newcastle Co., at Newcastle, on the
3d Monday in February, and 1st Monday in September ; Kent Co., at Dover, on the 1st Tuesday
after the 4th Monday in March, and on the 4th Monday in September; Sussex Co., at George
town, on the 1st Tuesday after the 2d Monday in March, and on the 1st Tuesday after the 3d
Monday in September.
The Superior Court and Court of General Sessions of the Peace and Jail Delivery are held
in Sussex Co., on the 2d Monday in April and October; Kent Co., on the 4th Monday in April
and October; Newcastle Co., on the 2d Monday after the commencement of April term in
Kent, and on the 3d Monday in November. The Court of Errors and Appeals is held at Dover,
on the 1st Tuesday in June.
FINANCES.— STATE DEBT.
Delaware had no debt in 1860; in 1867, the debt was $1,242,000; this
was reduced during the year $636,200, leaving the whole debt, December,
1868, $605,800.
The state receives an income from railroads and other sources, and from
capital invested, sufficient to meet the ordinary expenses of government.
18G9.] DELAWARE. 305
EDUCATION.
This state has two colleges. Delaware college at Newark, has been adopt
ed as an agricultural school, and the proceeds of the public lands donated
to the state by«the United States for the benefit of agriculture and the me
chanic arts, are to be invested for the benefit of the scientific department of
the college. St. Mary's college, at Wilmington, has about 40 students.
The Delaware State Normal University was organized in I860, and incorpo
rated in 18G7. It was commenced without any direct aid from the state,
with a subscription of twenty scholarships. It provides instruction and
training for teachers of common schools, and also for such as desire to pre
pare to take charge of academies and high schools.
No uniform school system, reaching all parts of the state has as yet been
adopted, but measures have been inaugurated in various places to secure the
benefits of well organized public schools. An annual allowance is made
from the state treasury of fifty cents for each scholar in Kent and Sussex
counties, and twenty cents for each scholar in Newcastle county.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of the state as given by the United States census at differ
ent periods was as follows :
White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Increase per cent.
1790 46,310 3,899 8,887 5<J,0«6
1800 49,852 8,268 6,153 64,273 8.76
1810 55,361 13,136 4,177 72.674 13.07
1820 55,282 12,958 4,509 72,749 0.10
1830 57,601 15,855 3,292 76,748 5.05
1840 58,561 16,919 2,605 78,085 1.74
1850 71,169 18,073 2,290 91,532 17.22
1860 90,589 19,829 1,798 112,216 22.60
The construction of railroads and other internal improvements have with
in five years contributed materially to the increase of population and wealth.
The opening of the Delaware railroad has* furnished means for the develop
ment of the resources of the central and southern portions of the state.
Agriculture is the prominent interest ; the soil and climate, and the prox
imity of good markets affording favorable facilities for fruit growing, which
has been rapidly increasing during the last ten years.
Wilmington is the principal manufacturing town. The annual products
of its mills and shops, which amounted to nearly ten million dollars in 1860,
are constantly increasing.
The foreign trade of the state is carried on principally through Philadel
phia and Baltimore. The principal exports are flour, grain, fruit and lum
ber. There are 11 National Banks with a capital of $1,428,185; 4 of the
banks with a capital of $913,185, are located in Wilmington.
Products in 1866. Indian corn, 4,281,570*bushel8, value, $3,724,966; wheat, 685,720 bush
els, value, $2,057,160; oats, 2,317,857 bushels, value, $1,274,821; potatoes, 270,220 bushels,
value, $189,154.
20
306 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
6. FLORIDA.
Capital, Tallahassee. Area, 59,268 square miles. Population, (1860), 350,000.
This state was formed from part of the territory ceded by Spain to the
United States, by treaty of February 22, 1819. It was settled in 1565, by
the Spaniards, at St. Augustine, was organized as a territory, March 3, 1823,
and admitted into the Union as a state, March 3, 1845. An ordinance of
secession wras passed January 10, 1861, which was repealed, October 28,
1865, by a convention which met October 25. This convention repudiated
the rebel debt, and adopted a new constitution. This state was a part of the
third military district, and under the command of Gen. Pope from March
15, 1867, to the close of the year.
A convention was held January 20, 1868, and a new constitution adopted
February 25, which was ratified by the people May 6, 1868.
This constitution provides that slavery shall not exist in the state, that
there shall be no civil or political distinction on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude ; and that the state shall ever remain a mem
ber of the American Union, the people thereof a part of the American na
tion, and any attempt, from whatever sourte or upon whatever pretence to
dissolve said Union, or to sever said nation, shall be resisted with the whole
power of the state. The 14th amendment was ratified by the legislature,
June 9, and the state admitted to representation in congress by an act
passed over the President's veto, June 25, 1868.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor HARRISON REED Tallahassee* $5,000
Lieutenant Governor WILLIAM II. GLEASON Miami 2,500
Secretary of State GEORGE J. ALDEN Pensacola 3,000
Treasurer SIMON A. CONNOVER Lake City 3,000
Comptroller R. H. GAMBLE Tallahassee 3,000
Attorney General JAMES D. WESTCOTT, JR Tallahassee 3,000
Superintendent of Pub. Instruction. .C. THURSTON CHASE Jacksonville 3,000
Commissioner of Immigration OSCAR E. AUSTIN Palatka 3,000
Adjutant General GEORGE B. CARSE Tallahassee 3,000
Surveyor General FRANK W. WEBSTER Tallahassee 3,000
The Governor and Lieutenant Governor are chosen by the qualified electors
of the state at the time and places of voting for members of the legislature,
and hold office for four years. The Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller,
Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of Im
migration, and Adjutant General, are appointed by the Governor and con
firmed by the Senate, and hold their offices the same time as the Governor,
or until their successors shall be qualified.
The members of the Assembly, 53 in number, are chosen biennially on the
first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The next election for this
purpose will be in 1870. The Senators, 24 in number, are chosen for a term
of four years, at the same time and place as members of the Assembly. The
senators elected in 1868 from districts denoted by even numbers, vacate their
seats at the expiration of two years, and thereafter one-half the whole num-
•*The official Post Office address of all the above, except the Lieut. Gov., is Tallahassee, Florida.
I
1869.] FLORIDA. 307
ber will be elected annually. The Seminole Indians are entitled to one
member in each branch of the legislature. He must be a member of the
tribe, and be elected by the qualified Indian electors.
The sessions of the legislature are annual, and are held on the first Tues
day after the first Monday in January. Regular sessions may extend to 60
days, but any special session convened by the Governor cannot exceed 20 days.
The pay of members of the Senate and House of Representatives is $500
per annum, each, and ten cents for each mile traveled in going from their
residences to the capital and returning.
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, of what
ever race, color, nationality, or previous condition, who shall, at the time
of offering to vote, be a citizen of the United States, or who shall have de
clared his intention to become such in conformity to the laws of the United
States, and who shall have resided in Florida for one year, and in the county
for six months, next preceding the election at which he shall offer to vote,
shall in such county be deemed a qualified elector at all elections under this
Constitution.
The legislature must enact laws requiring educational qualifications for
electors after the year 1880, but no such law shall be made applicable to
any elector who may have registered or voted at any election previous thereto.
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power of the state is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit
Courts, County Courts, and Justices of the Peace.
The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices,
who hold their offices for life or during good behavior. They are appointed
by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The majority of the Justices
constitutes a quorum for the transaction of all business. The Supreme Court
holds three terms each year at the seat of government ; such terms commence
on the second Tuesday of October, January, and April, respectively. This
Court has appellate jurisdiction in all cases in equity, also in cases of law in
which is involved the title to, or right of possession of real estate; in certain
other civil cases specified ; and in all criminal cases, in which the offences
charged amount to felony. It has power to issue writs of mandamus, cer-
tiorari, prohibition, quo icarranto, habeas corpus, and also all writs necessary
or proper to the complete exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. It appoints
a Clerk who is also Librarian of the Supreme Court Library.
There are seven Circuit Judges appointed by the governor, and confirmed
by the senate, who hold their office for eight years. The state is divided into
seven judicial districts, the limits of which are defined in the Constitution,
and one judge is assigned to each circuit. Such judge holds two terms of
his court in each county within his circuit, each year, at such time and places
as shall be prescribed by law. The judge must reside in the circuit to which
he is assigned.
The Circuit Courts in the several judicial circuits have original jurisdic
tion in all cases in which the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction.
308 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
They have final appellate jurisdiction in all civil cases arising in the County
Court in which the amount in controversy is one hundred dollars and up
wards, and in all cases of misdemeanor. The Circuit Courts, and the Judges
thereof, have power to issue writs of mandamus, injunctions, quo warranto,
certiorari, and all other writs proper and necessary to the complete exercise
of their jurisdiction, and also to issue writs of habeas cwpus on petition by,
or on behalf of, any person held in actual custody in their respective circuits.
There is a County Court in each county. The Governor appoints the
County Judges, who are confirmed by the Senate, and each Judge holds his
office for four years from the date of liis commission, or until his successor
is appointed and qualified. The County Court is a Court of Oyer and Ter-
miner, and has jurisdiction of all misdemeanors and all civil cases, where
the amount in controversy does not exceed three hundred dollars, except
when the title or boundaries of real estate is in controversy, and its jurisdic
tion is final in all civil cases where the amount in controversy does not exceed
one hundred dollars.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, District Judge— Northern District, Philip Fraser : South
ern District, Thomas J. Boynton. District Attorney— Northern District, A. Usher; Southern
District, Homer G. Plantz. Marshal— Northern District, Alexander Magruder ; Southern Dis
trict, George D. West. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts— Northern District, William P. Dock-
ray; Southern District, George D. Allen.
SUPREME COURT.
' Chief Justice, Edwin M. Randall, Jacksonville. Associate Justices, James D. Wescott, Talla
hassee; O. B. Hart, Jacksonville. Salary of Chief Justice, $4.500; of each Associate Justice
$4,000.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
Judges— First Circuit, Homer G. Plantz, Pensacola ; Second Circuit, William Archer Cocke,
Monticello ; Third Circuit, Thomas T. Long, Lake City ; Fourth Circuit, Alva A. Knight, Jackson
ville; Fifth Circuit, Jesse H. Goss, Ocala; Sixth Circuit, James T. Magbee, Tampa; Seventh
Circuit, John W. Price, Enterprise. Salary of each Judge, $3,500.
FINANCES.
Receipts for fiscal year ending November 1, 1867, - $101,806.21
Warrants issued, 187^667.63
Excess over receipts, - 25,861.42
Due from revenue not collected, 28 477.60
Balance in treasury if revenue was all paid in and warrants paid, 2,616.18
The salaries of executive, legislative and judicial officers amount annually
to $105,000. The other general expenditures for 1867, were as follows :
Criminal prosecutions $35,733.05 Pension Mrs. Reed $300.00
Jurors and witnesses 22.075.54 Compensation to Attorney General 33 00
Governor's residence 1,000.00 Expenses of boundary line 50.00
School fund 1,171.79 Executors of Gov. Perry. 5 507 09
Seminary fund 891.21 School fund interest 914.91
Contingent expenses circuit court.. 2,050.04 Artificial limbs 125.00
West Florida Seminary 7,581.00 State debt ..,'.'. " 2,600.00
East Florida Seminary 3,700.00 Freedmen's school fund. ..... S^'ss
Contingent expenses state 5,702.26 Expenses of convention ..... . . . WoO
Maintenance of lunatics 1,019.65 Repairs of capital 1,144^44
Indian hostilities, 1849 2,510.86 Moneys refunded ' 5o!oO
1869.] FLORIDA. 309
Contingent expenses Supreme Court $1,345.76 Census of 1867 $7,040.78
Printing and publishing 17,204.49 Supreme Court reports 250.00
Post mortem examinations 765.87
Total $125,143.62
STATE DEBT.
The entire debt of the state at the close of the fiscal year, 1807, was $523,856.95
Increase from previous year 153,239.95
Of this debt there is due to school and seminary funds 195,239.63
Internal improvement fund 45,000.00
Balance outstanding Nov. 1, 1867 283,617.32
EDUCATION.
The constitution asserts the duty of the state to make ample provision for
the education of all the children residing within its borders, without distinc
tion or preference.
The legislature is required to provide a uniform system of public schools
and a University, and to provide for the liberal maintenance of the same, so
that instruction shall be free. The Superintendent of Public Instruction,
Secretary of State and Attorney General, constitute the Board of Education.
The Superintendent has the general supervision of all the educational
interests of the state. Provision is made for a common school fund, the in
terest of which shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance
of common schools, and purchase of libraries and apparatus therefor. This
fund is to be derived from the following sources, viz :
The proceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted to
the State by the United States for educational purposes ; donations by indi
viduals ; appropriations by the state ; the proceeds of lands or other property
which may accrue to the state by escheat or forfeiture ; the proceeds of all
property granted to the state, when the purpose of such grant is not speci
fied ; all moneys which may be paid as an exemption from military duty ;
all fines collected under the penal law of the state ; such portion of the per
capita tax as may be prescribed by law for educational purposes ; twenty-
five per centum of the sales of Public Lands which are now, or which here
after may be owned by the state. A special tax of not less than one mill on
the dollar of all taxable property in the state, in addition to the other means
provided, is to be levied and apportioned annually for the support and
maintenance of common schools.
Each county is required to raise annually by tax, for the support of com
mon schools therein, a sum not less than one-half of the amount appointed to
each county for that year from the income of the common school fund. Any
school district neglecting to establish or maintain for at least three months
in each year, such school or schools as may be provided for by law, will for
feit its portion of the common school fund during such neglect.
There are two state seminaries, the East Florida Seminary and the West
Florida Seminary which receive appropriations from the state.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Governor and Cabinet constitute a Board of Commissioners of State
Institutions, and this board has supervision of all matters connected with
310 THE AMERICAN YEAE-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
such institutions. Governor Reed in his message to the legislature in 1868,
strongly urges immediate provision for Asylums for the Insane, Blind, Deaf
and Dumb, and for a State Penitentiary. lie says that,
" Under the present system, the State has really been unable to punish its
criminals. To place them in jail, has simply resulted in daily expense without
the most remote probability of a payment of lines imposed ; the consequence
has been that the Governor has found it necessary to exercise the pardoning
power to save the State from bankruptcy, and while this course has resulted,
no doubt, in saving perhaps considerable sums, yet it has at the same time
resulted in releasing the criminal without really adequate punishment for the
offence. Crime must be punished or society cannot be maintained."
The expenses of the state for 18G7, for criminal prosecutions, was $35,-
733.05, and for jurors and witnesses, $22,675.54. It is supposed that at least
an average of 100 persons per day throughout the year, were supported by the
state in idleness under the prison system at a cost of about $19,500 per year.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The first United States Census taken in Florida was in 1830, the population at that time,
and at the close of each decade since was as follows :
Whites. Free Colored. , Slaves. Total. Inc. per cent.
1830 18,385 844 15.501 34,730
1840 27,943 817 25,717 54,477 56.86
1850 47,203 932 39.310 87,445 60.52
1860 77,748 932 61,745 140,425 60.59
The ratio of increase has varied but little ; for the first decade it was 56.86 per cent., and for
each of the last two decades, a little more than 60.5 per cent. The present population is esti
mated at 160,000 to 175,000. Of the free population in 18CO, 35,602 were born in the state ;
39,768 in other states ; 3,309 in foreign countries ; of whom 320 were born in England ; 827 in
Ireland ; 189 in Scotland ; 6 in Wales ; 77 in British America ; 478 in Germany ; 141 in France,
and 1,271 in other foreign countries. The Indians may be taxed, in which case they become
citizens of the state, and have all the rights and privileges of other citizens.
Since the close of the war, emigration from the northern states, and from
Europe, has been directed to this state. The mildness of the climate, the
productiveness of the soil, and the cheapness of land have induced many to
invest capital in agriculture or lumbering, which at present are the leading
pursuits of the people, and the chief sources of wealth. Cotton, corn, sugar
cane, rice and potatoes, are the principal crops. The raising of vegetables
and fruits for the northern markets has proved profitable, and will in a few
years add materially to the trade and wealth of the state.
Oranges, lemons, and citrons grow well in nearly every part of Florida,
and in some localities the fruit is equal to that raised in any part of the
world. In the southern part of the state, pine apples, bananas, figs, and
dates, grow in luxuriance. Peaches, grapes, and many other fruits of the
northern states, can be produced in abundance, and of excellent quality some
weeks before they ripen in the latitude of New York and Philadelphia.
About 17,500,000 acres of public lands are yet to be disposed of.
In 1860, there were 185 manufacturing establishments, having a capital of $1,874,125, and
yielding an annual product valued at $2,447,469. The commerce of the state has not been
extensive, but there is a profitable coasting trade. The General Assembly in July and August,
1868, incorporated the Southern Inland Navigation Company, and two Steamboat and Canal
companies, all of which have for their object the improvement of inland navigation, also two
railroad companies, the aggregate capital of the whole being $1,060,000.
GEORGIA. 311
7. GEORGIA.
Capital, Atlanta. Area. 58,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 1,507,206.
Georgia was settled at Savannah in 1733, by the English, under General
Oglethorpe. It received its charter, June 9, 1732, from George II, from whom
it was named. It was the last settled of the original thirteen states, formed
its constitution in 1777, and ratified the constitution of the United States,
January 2, 1788. It was a member of the late Southern Confederacy, adopt
ed an ordinance of secession, January 19, 1861, which was repealed, October
30, 1865, by a convention which assembled on the 25th of the same month.
The same convention repudiated the debt incurred by the rebellion, and adopt
ed a new constitution. This state was included in the 3d military district ;
Major General Pope and General Meade commanding. The new constitution
was adopted in convention, March 11, 1868, and ratified by the people, April
20, 1868. This constitution declares that all persons born or naturalized in
the United States, and resident in the state, shall be citizens of the state, and
no laws shall be made or enforced which shall abridge the privileges or im
munities of citizens of the United States, or of this state, or deny to any per
son within its jurisdiction, the equal protection of its laws.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor R. B. BULLOCK Atlanta $4,000
Secretary of State DAVID G. COTLING Atlanta 2,000
Treasurer N. L. ANGIER Atlanta 2,000
Comptroller General MADISON BELL Atlanta 2,000
Attorney General H. P. FARROW Atlanta 300 and fees.
The Governor is chosen quadrennially for a term of four years, by the
electors of the state. The Secretary of State, Comptroller General, Treas
urer, and Surveyor General, are elected by the General Assembly for the same
period as the Governor.
The Senate consists of 44 members, elected for four years, except that those
first elected from the districts having odd numbers, hold their office for two
years only ; thereafter one-half will be elected biennially.
The House of Representatives consists of 175 members, elected biennially
for two years. The election of Governor, members of Congress, and mem
bers of the General Assembly takes place on the Tuesday after the first Mon
day in November. The General Assembly meets annually on the second
Wednesday of January, an'd no session can continue longer than 40 days,
unless prolonged by a vote of two-thirds of each branch thereof.
Every male person, born in the United States, and every male person who
has been naturalized, or who has legally declared his intention to become a
citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, or upward, who has resided
in the State six months, next preceding the election, and has resided thirty
days in the county in which he offers to vote, and has paid all taxes which
may be required of him for the year next preceding the election, and every
male citizen of the United States of the age aforesaid, who was a resident
of the State at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, is deemed an
312 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
elector. Soldiers and sailors in the service of the United States, persons
convicted of heinous crimes, idiots, and insane persons are excepted.
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial Powers of this State are vested in a Supreme Court, Superior
Courts, Courts of Ordinary, Justices of the Peace, Commissioned Notaries
Public, and such other Courts as have been or may be established by law.
The Supreme Court consists of three Judges, two of whom constitute a
quorum. The constitution of 1868 provided that at the first appointment
of Judges of the Supreme Court, one should be appointed for four years, one
for eight years, and one for twelve years, but all subsequent appointments,
except to fill unexpired terms, will be for the term of twelve years ; and that
for Judges of the Superior Court, one-half the number should be appointed
for four years, and the other half for eight years ; but all subsequent appoint
ments, except to fill unexpired terms, will be for the term of eight years.
The Supreme Court has no original jurisdiction, but is a Court alone for
the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts, and from the
City Courts of Savannah and Augusta, and such other like Courts as may
be established in other cities.
There is a Judge of the Superior Courts for each Judicial Circuit. He
may act in other Circuits when authorized by law. The Superior Courts
have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce; in criminal cases where the
offender is subjected to the loss of life or confinement in the Penitentiary;
in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases, except as hereinafter pro
vided ; but the General Assembly has power to merge the Common Law and
Equity Jurisdiction of said Courts. Said Courts have jurisdiction in all
other civil cases, except as hereinafter provided. They have appellate juris
diction in all such cases as are provided by law. They have power to cor
rect errors in inferior Judicatories, by writ of certiorari, which only issues on
the sanction of the Judge ; and to issue write of mandamus, prohibition,
scire facias, and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their
powers fully into effect.
Until the General Assembly shall otherwise direct, there must be a Dis
trict Judge, and a District Attorney for each Senatorial District in this State.
The District Judge has jurisdiction to hear and determine all offences not
punishable with death or imprisonment in the Penitentiary ; and it is the
duty of the District Attorney to represent the State in all cases before the
District Judge.
No court has jurisdiction to try or determine any suit or enforce any judg
ment or execution against any resident of the State upon any contract or
agreement made or implied, or upon any contract made in renewal of any
debt existing prior to the first day of June, 1865, except in certain cases
specifically mentioned in the constitution.
The District Judge and Attorneys hold their offices for a period of four
years. The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts, the Attorney Gen
eral, Solicitors General and the District Judges, and Attorneys are appointed
1869.] GEORGIA. 313
by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, and are remov
able by the Governor, on the address of two-thirds of each branch of the
General Assembly, or by impeachment and conviction thereon. Justices of
the Peace are elected by the legal voters in their respective Districts, and
are commissioned by the Governor. They are removable on conviction for
malpractice in office.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Vacancy. District Judge, John Erskine. District Attorney, Henry S. Fitch.
Marshal, William G. Dickson.
TERMS OF COURTS.
The Supreme Court holds its sessions at the seat of government, at such times as are pre
scribed by law. A Superior Court must sit in each county not less than twice in each year.
The District Judge must sit at stated times not less than once in each month, in each county
in his district.
SUPREME COURT.
Judges of Supreme Court. Joseph E. Brown, Atlanta ; Henry Kent McCay, Americus ; Hiram
Warner, Greenville. Salaries $2,500 in specie.
CIRCUIT COURT.
Judges of Circuit Court. 1st District, Garnet Andrews, Washington ; 2d District, Josiah R.
Parrot, Cartcrsville ; 3d District, John R. Alexander, Thomasville ; tth District, Chasee G.
Davis, Monroe; 5th District, Carleton B. Cole, Macon; 6th District. James M. Clarke, Americus,
1th District, James W. Green, Americus ; 3th District, David B. Hassell, Thomaston ; Wi Dis
trict, Wm. Gibson, Augusta ; 10th District, John D. Pope, Atlanta ; llth District, Philip B. Rob
inson, Greenboro; IWi District, Noel B. Knight, Manilla; 13th District, Wm. Schleg, Savannah;
Uth District, John S. Bigby, Newman ; 15th District, W. M. Sessions, Blackshear ; IMh District,
E. H. Worrell, Talbotton. Salaries $1,800 in specie.
FINANCES.
At the close of the fiscal year, 1866, there was in the treasury a
cash balance of $71,752
Assets of the* state consisting of shares of banks and railroads, $1,126,900
Bonded debt, 5,706,500
The Western and Atlantic railroad valued in 1862 at $7,869,224, for several
years paid into the state treasury an interest of over 6 per ct. on $7,000,000.
EDUCATION.
According to the census of 1860, there were in Georgia 33 colleges, with
3,302 students, and $167,931 income, yet not more than five or six of these
institutions would have ranked as colleges in the northern states. There
were then 242 academies and private schools, with 11,075 pupils, and
$237,373 income.
Many of these institutions were closed during the war, but are now in
successful operation. The State University at Athens, founded in 1801, and
re-organized so as to include Franklin College, confers five degrees, viz. :
Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Laws, Bachelor of Science, Civil Engineer,
and Master of Arts. It has a good building, a library of more than 13,000
volumes, besides 4,000 volumes in the libraries of the societies; a valuable
and complete philosophical and chemical apparatus ; and an extensive Mine-
314 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
ralogical and Geological Cabinet. It has been re-opened under very favora
ble prospects.
Oglethorpe University, at Milledgeville, Mercer University, at Renfield,
and Emory College, at Oxford, are respectively under the charge of the
Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist denominations. They were all organ
ized from 1835 to 1838, and have together graduated more than 1,000 stu
dents. The Wesleyan Female College at Macon, is in successful operation,
with nearly as many students (144) as there were before the war.
The Constitution of 1868 provides for the organization of a thorough
system of General Education, to be forever free to all children of the State,
and creates the Office of State School Commissioner. This officer is appoint
ed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate, and holds his office for
the same time as the Governor. The poll tax allowed by the Constitution,
and Educational fund now belonging to the State, except the endowment of,
and debt due to the State University, or that may hereafter be obtained in
any way, a special tax on shows and exhibitions, and on the sale of spirit
uous and malt liquors, which the General Assembly is authorized to assess —
and the proceeds*from the commutation for military service, are set apart
and devoted to the support of Common Schools. The General Assembly
lias power to levy such general tax upon the property of the State, as may
be necessary for the support of said School System. There must be estab
lished as soon as practicable one or more Common Schools, in each School
District in the state.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The State Lunatic Asylum, at Medway, near Milledgeville went into ope
ration in 1842. The buildings were subsequently enlarged, but are now in
sufficient to accommodate all patients. Blacks are entitled to admission as
well as whites. This institution and the Academy for the Blind at Macon,
have been in successful operation, but the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb
was suspended during the war, and had not been opened at our last date.
The State Penitentiary at Milledgeville was commenced in 1811, and sub
stantially built of granite. It was repaired and improved in 1859-60, but
destroyed during the war. It has since been partially restored and improved.
Before the war the convicts were employed in manufacturing leather, wagons,
shoes, pails, and other articles.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of Georgia at each census was as follows :
White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Inc. per cent.
1790 52,886 339 29,264 82,548
1800 101,678 1,019 59,404 162,101 96.37
1810 145,414 1,801 105,218 252,433 55.73
1820 189,566 1,763 149,654 340,983 35.08
1830 296,806 2,486 217,531 516,823 51.57
1840 407,695 2,753 280,944 691,392 33.78
1850 521,572 2,931 381,682 906,185 31.07
1860 591,588 3,500 462,198 1,057,286 16.67
1869.] GEORGIA. 315
In 1860, cotton, corn, wheat, and potatoes were the principal products,
this state ranking first in the amount of sweet potatoes, and fourth in the
amount of cotton produced. At that time, about one-fourth of the land in
the state was wild or unimproved. As in most of the other southern states,
farms and cultivated lands have depreciated in value since 18GO. During ten
years preceding the war, manufactures rapidly increased, and at the time
the last National census was taken, there were 1,890 establishments annually
producing goods to the value of nearly $17,000,000. The state has valuable
gold mines ; iron ore, marble and other minerals are abundant.
Gold was first discovered in Habersham County, in 1831. It is found prin
cipally in this county and in Carroll, Cobb, Cherokee and Lumpkin coun
ties. A mint was established at Dahlonega, in this county, in 1837, which
has received $600,000 in a single year, with an aggregate coinage to Feb
ruary 28, 1861, $6,121,919. Of this amount, $5,825,747 was received during
the period from 1833 to 1857. Placer mining has been prosecuted in north
ern Georgia in a manner, and with a success not unlike the experience of
California. Besides the true veins, which traverse the strata in which they
lie in various angles of dip and direction, there are many depositories of
gold in all directions around Dahlonega, which are auriferous beds of slates,
often decomposed, and sometimes containing pyrites, and the gossan result
ing from its decomposition. In Lumpkin and Habersham counties especially,
these metalliferous beds have been worked like opened quarries, and the
gold in some instances, has been collected with the rocher or the pan, with
out recourse to crushing. In those parts of the gold region where nature
has subjected the auriferous rocks to much dislocation and atmospheric ex
posure, not only the beds of the veins, but the adjacent detritus of their
valleys will unquestionably give large returns to the new and powerful
methods for washing ponderous masses of earth. Companies have been or
ganized to introduce these hydraulic appliances upon the Chestatee and other
tributaries of the Chattahooche river.
The value of property as returned in 1866 was as follows.
Land $103,112,524.00
City and town property 39,396,181.00
Money and solvent debts 34,521,678.00
Merchandise. 10,933,173.00
Shipping and tonnage 215,667.00
Stocks, manufactures, etc 4,120,489.00
Household and kitchen furniture ' 1,132,408.00
Property not enumerated 28,751,667.00
Total value of property returned $222,183,787.00
The total number of acres of land in. the state 37,120,000
Number of acres returned in 18(50 &3,345,289
Number of -acres returned in 1866 30,116,929
Decrease 3,228,860
Average value per acre in 1860, $4.85; in 1866, $3.42 ; decrease per acre, $1.43. In 1860, the
total value of property exclusive of slaves, was $369,627,922.
316 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
8. ILLINOIS.
Capital, Springfield. Area, 55,410 square miles. Foliation, (1865), 2,141,510.
Illinois was settled at Kaskaskia, by the French in 1683, and was claimed
by France until the treaty of Paris, in 1763, when it fell into the hands of
the English. Soon after, settlers from Virginia located themselves in the ter
ritory which came under the government of the United States by the war
of the revolution. It formed a part of the North-western territory ceded by
Virginia to the United States in 1783, was a part of Indiana as organized in
1800, from which it was separated, and made into a distinct territory in 1809.
Its constitution was framed in 1818, and it was admitted into the Union,
December 23, of that year.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor JOHN W. PALMER Springfield $1,500
Lieutenant Governor JOHN DOUGHERTY Jonesboro * 80
Secretary of State EDWARD RUMMEL Peoria 800
Treasurer E. N. BATES Centralia 800
Auditw CHAS. E. LIPPINCOTT Chandlerville 1,000
Superintendent of Public Instruction. NEWTON B ATEM AN Springfield 2,500
Acting Asst. Adjutant General E. P. NILES Springfield 1,800
Attorney General WASH. BUSHNELL Ottawa 3,500
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer,
and Superintendent of Public Instruction, are elected by the people for four
years. The general election is held on the first Tuesday in November. Sen
ators, 25 in number, are chosen for four years ; and Representatives, 90 in
number, for two years. One-half the Senators, and all the Representatives
being elected biennially. The pay of each member of the Legislature, is
$2.00 a day for the first forty days, and $1.00 a day afterwards. The Legis
lature is required to- assemble in regular session biennially, on the first
Monday in January, in the odd years, 1869, 1871, &c.
Every white male inhabitant who was a resident of the state at the adop
tion of the constitution, and every white male citizen 21 years of age, resid
ing one year in the state is entitled to vote.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Court which has appellate jurisdiction only, consists of three
divisions, corresponding to three divisions of the state.
There are twenty-eight Circuit Courts presided over by as many judges.
These courts have original jurisdiction in civil cases of all sums over $100,
and concurrent jurisdiction with the justices courts of all sums under $100
and exceeding $20.
The Superior Court of Chicago has concurrent jurisdiction in the county
and city respectively with the Circuit Court in all civil cases, and in all
criminal cases except murder and treason. The Recorder's Court has juris
diction in criminal cases, and in civil cases to the amount of $100. Each
county has a County Court, with jurisdiction to the same amount as justices
of the peace, but the business of these courts is chiefly probate matters.
* Several of these officers have fees in addition to their salaries.
1869.] ILLINOIS. 317
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, David Davis. .District Judge, Northern District, Thomas Drummond ; Southern
District, Samuel H. Treat, Jr. District Attorney, Northern District, Jesse O. Norton ; Southern
District, J. E. Rosette. Marshal, Northern District, J. R.Jones; Southern District, John Logan.
Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, Northern District, W. H. Bradley ; Southern District, Pas
chal T. Enos. «
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT.
1st Division, Judge, Sidney Brcese, Carlyle ; Clerk. Noah Johnson, Jefferson Co. 2d Division,
Chief Justice, P. H. Walker, Rushville ; Clerk, William A. Turney, Springfield. 3d Division,
Judge, Charles B. Lawrence, Warren Co. ; Clerk, Lorenzo Lelaiid, Ottawa ; Reporter, N. L.
Freeman, Springfield. Salaries of Judges, $1,200 each.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
1st Circuit, Charles D. Hodges; 2cl Circuit, Silas L. Bryan; M Circuit, Monroe C. Crawford ;
4th Circuit, Hiram B. Decius ; 5th Circuit, C. L. Higbee ; Mh Circuit, George W. Pleasants ; 1th
Circuit, Erastus S. Williams; 8th Circuit, John M. Scott; 9th Circuit, E. S. Leland ; 10th
Circuit, Arthur A. Smith; llth Circuit, J. McRoberts; 12th Circuit, James M. Pollock; 13th
Circuit, T. D. Murphy ; Uth Circuit, B. R. Sheldon; 15th -Circuit, Joseph Sibley; IWi Circuit,
S.D. Puterbaugh; llth Circuit, A. J. Gallagher; mh Circuit, Edward Y.Rice; IWh Circuit,
John Olney; mh Circuit, Charity H. Wood; -21st Circuit, Charles Turner; 22tf Circuit. W.
W. Heaton ; 2M Circuit, S. L. Richmond ; 24M, Circuit, Joseph Gillespie ; "25th Circuit, Richard
S. Canby ; 26M Circuit, A. D. Duff; 27tfi Circuit, James Steele; '2Sth Circuit, Sylvanus Wilcox.
Salary, $1,000 each.
SUPERIOR COURT OP CHICAGO.
Chief Justice, John M. Wilson.
Associate Justices, Joseph E. Gary, John S. Jamison ; Chief Clerk, Thomas B. Carter ; Dep
uty Clerks, U. R. Hawley, John H. Batten. Teims— First Monday in each month.
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT.
1st Division, at Cairo, on 1st Tuesday in November ; M Division, at Springfield, the Tuesday
after 1st Monday in January ; 3d Division, at Ottawa, 1st Tuesday in April.
FINANCES.
The Treasurer's account is presented biennially. The following is a sum
mary of the receipts and payments for two years as found in the report
to be presented to the legislature in 1869.
Balance in Treasury, December, 1866, - - - $1,414,171.00
Receipts from all sources, - 6,335,596.00
$7,749,767.00
Payments, - - 6,002,726.00
Balance, December, 1868, - 1,747,041.00
The condition of the several funds was as follows. The ordinary and
extraordinary expenses are included under Revenue fund. Fractions of a
dollar omitted.
Am't paid out from Dec.
1, 1800 to Dec. 1, 1868.
Revenue Fund $6(^423 .$2.276.7(>3 $2,126,434
State Debt Fund 731.588 1,669,168
Interest Fund 538.548 1,128,373
School Fund 41,732 301,168 ,
Illinois Central R. R. Fund 33,&S2 860,184 ,
Unknown and Minor heirs 1,149 4,338
Deserter's Fund 30,400
Hancock Co. Interest Fund 515 20,586
Miscellaneous 331 44,612
1,489,837
1,129.882
271,424
892,043
30,400
20,194
42,509
Total $1,414,168 $6,335,592. $6,002,723
318 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
STATE DEBT.
On the 1st of December, 1860, the entire bonded debt of the state amount
ed to $10,277,161.36. This was increased by the war loan of July, 1861, to
$12,327,161.36. On the 1st of December, 1866, the entire debt amounted to
only $8,638,252.21, and there was in the treasury to be applied to the reduc
tion of this debt, $765,470.65. The debt, at that time, was made up of the
following items :
Bank and Internal Improvement Stock $31,000.00
Internal Improvement Stock 42,000.00
New Internal Improvement Stock 1,705,520.43
New Internal Improvement Interest Stock 1,077,88(5.47
Interest Stock 680,469.23
Liquidation Bonds 198,372.00
Refunded Stock 1,201,000.00
War Bonds 945.200.00
Normal University Bonds 64,000.00
Thornton Loan Bonds 143,000.00
Canal Bonds payable in New York, registered 514,000.00
Canal Bonds payable in New York, unregistered 389,000.00
Canal Bonds payable in London, registered 715,606.67
Canal Bonds payable in London, unregistered 768,222.22
Internal Improvement Scrip 18.795.80
Interest certificates, canal stock 16,869.20
Canal Scrip, signed by Governor 2 616.97
Balance of Canal Claim 3,624.58
Two certificates for arrears of interest 1,002.58
Total indebtedness $8,638,252.21
The receipts of the seven per cent, gross earnings of the Illinois Railroad for two years, were
$923,565.59, or nearly enough to defray the ordinary expenses of the state government. This
revenue is however pledged to the payment of interest-paying state indebtedness until the ex
tinction thereof.
The amount of the debt outstanding, December 1, 1868, was $5,988,453.
The interest will cease upon bonds amounting to $151,311, after January 1,
1869. These, with liquidation and re-funded stock bonds, amounting in the
aggregate to $557,311, the state can redeem at pleasure. The remainder of
the debt matures after 1870.
EDUCATION.
There are more than thirty institutions in this state, bearing the name of
university or college, a part of which arc well endowed, furnishing a full
collegiate course, and conferring degrees, while a part are of no higher grade
than many academics or seminaries in the eastern states.
The State Industrial University, founded by an act of the legislature, ap
proved, February 28, 1867, and located between the cities of Champaign
and Urbana, Champaign county, was opened in 1868, with a faculty nearly
complete, and a good number of students. Its course of instruction includes
the following departments : Science, Literature and Arts ; Agriculture ; Me
chanical Science, and Art ; Military Tactics, and Engineering ; Mining and
Metallurgy ; Civil Engineering : Analytical, and applied Chemistry ; Natural
History, Practical Geology, &c. ; Commercial Science, and Art. Students
1869.] ILLINOIS. 3^9
regularly admitted are allowed to take such studies as they choose, provided
they are prepared to pursue the same with the regular classes.
Various collections have already been secured for cabinets in Natural
Science, and the apparatus for illustration in the Department of Agriculture
is very complete. The University has over 1,000 acres of improved farming
lands, 40 acres of which have been set apart for gardens, nurseries, and spec
imen orchards ; the remainder is to be used for experimental and stock farms,
orchards, and collections of trees and plants. The manual labor system has
been successfully introduced, the students being compensated for the work
performed in proportion to their ability and fidelity.
The state superintendent of public instruction has the supervision of all
the public schools in the state. He is authorized to make such rules and
regulations as he may think necessary and expedient, and to explain and
determine to other school officers the meaning of the school law.
There is in each county, a county superintendent who is required to visit
every school in the county at least once each year, to note the methods of
instruction, the branches taught, ancl the general condition of schools ; to
give such directions as may be necessary in the science, art, and methods of
teaching, to encourage the formation of teachers' institutes, and to report
biennially to the state superintendent.
Trustees are elected annually in each township, who are authorized to
form and alter school districts, apportion school money, and purchase and
hold real estate for school purposes. The trustees report biennially to the
county superintendent.
In each district, there are three school directors, (one chosen each year to
hold office three years,) who have the supervision and control of school prop
erty, and the authority to levy taxes for defraying all the expenses of sup
porting free schools, repairing school houses, and procuring furniture, fuel,
libraries and apparatus.
No teacher is authorized to teach a public school without a certificate of
qualification issued by the state or county superintendent. The certificates
issued by the state superintendent are of perpetual validity in every county
and school district in the state. County certificates are valid in the county
for one and two years.
The State Normal University was first opened for the reception of students
in October, 1857. It is pleasantly located in Normal, near the city of Bloom-
ington, has ample accommodations and extensive grounds. It is now in a
very prosperous condition, the number of students being greater than ever
before. In addition to its regular terms, its president and other officers have
for several years held a State Institute for two weeks in August, which has
been attended by hundreds of teachers, many of whom could not enjoy the
full course of the University. County Teachers' Institutes are held in about
half of the counties of the state.
The superintendent's report is made biennially. The following statistics
are taken from the last report presented to the Legislature in 1807.
320 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Public Schools. Number of districts, 9,938 ; number of schools, 9,945 ; number of dis
tricts having school six months or more, 9,003 ; number of districts having no school, 502 ;
average number of months schools have been kept, 6.57; number of persons between the ages
of 6 and 21,— white, 759,987 ; colored, 44,931 ; number of pupils— male, 320,977 ; female, 293,682;
total, (514,059 ; number of teachers— male, 6,825 ; female, 10,454 ; total, 17,279 ; number of schools
—graded, 628 ; private, 640 ; number of scholars in private schools, 20,907 ; number of school
houses, 9,753; erected during the year, 612.
Highest monthly wages paid to teachers — male, $240; female. $110; lowest monthly wages
paid to teachers — male, $13; female. $6; average monthly wages paid to teachers — male, $39.10;
female, $26.19 ; amount of outstanding district debts, $832,772 ; surplus in treasury belonging
to districts, $464,872 ; principal of funds— county, $176,496 ; township, $3,987,405.
Receipts. Interest on school fund, $54,5(55 ; State two-mill tax fund, $750,000 ; interest fund-
county, $17,059 ; township, $361,397 ; proceeds of school lands sold, $66,802 ; district taxes,
$2,789,335 ; fines and forfeitures, $33,127 ; miscellaneous, $372,845 ; total, 4,445,130.
Expenditures. Teachers' wages, $2,531,036; school house sites and grounds, $65,987;
building new school houses, $830,889 ; purchase of school houses, $13,779; rent of school houses,
$18,752; repairs and improvements, $216,366; school furniture, $62,982; school apparatus,
$10,969; books for school libraries, $4,199; fuel and other incidental expenses, $312,828; com
pensation to township, $85,332 ; miscellaneous, $206,119.
State Normal University, Normal. RICHARD EDWARDS, LL. D., President. Number
of students, 1867 — senior class — ladies, 7; gentlemen, 6; total, 13; middle class — ladies, 32;
gentlemen, 26; total, 58; junior class — ladies, 167; gentlemen, 89; total, 256; aggregate, 327
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The State Charitable Institutions are mostly located in Jacksonville. They
have been liberally supported by an enlightened public spirit, and have ac
complished much in relieving the wants and necessities of the unfortunate.
Each institution is under the charge of a separate Board of Trustees or Di
rectors, which has the appointment of the local officers of the institution,
and which reports biennially to the General Assembly.
The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb receives pupils between 10 and 21
years of age ; those from Illinois are admitted free of charge ; those from
other states on the payment of $100 per annum.
The State Hospital for the Insane was opened in 1857. In 1865 and 1866,
it was enlarged by an addition which comprised a lateral and a transverse
wing, each 100 feet long, by 43, erected at a cost of $75,000. The institu
tion can now accommodate 500 patients, and is reported in a highly pros
perous condition. It has a large and productive farm.
The Institution for the Blind was originally organized by the citizens of
Jacksonville, and supported for a year by their liberal donations. The Leg
islature in 1849, passed an act authorizing a special tax of two-tenths of a
mill on the hundred dollars for the purchase of ground, erection of build
ings, and support of the school. The amount of this tax was more than
was necessary, and this law was repealed, and an annual appropriation of
$12,000 substituted. The buildings for the use of the Institution are con
venient, and amply furnished with every article conducive to the welfare of
the inmates. Applicants from Illinois are admitted free. Pupils are em
ployed in the workshop one hour a clay, the remaining portion of the time
is devoted to literature and music, in which all are permitted to join. The
male pupils are taught to make brushes and brooms, and to weave carpets.
The female pupils sew, knit stockings, and do other work.
18C9.] ILLINOIS. 321
The Institution for Idiots and Imbeciles, was established by an act of the
General Assembly passed in 1865. The trustees hired the residence of the
late Gov. Duncan, which was found commodious, and three pupils were
admitted on the 25th of May, 1865. The number was increased during the
summer to nine, and in the autumn others were received. There were nearly
100 applications during the first six months.
The Soldiers' Orphans' Home was created by the General Assembly in 1865
and nine trustees appointed to complete the organization.
The Illinois State Penitentiary was located by authority of an act of the
Legislature, February 19, 1857, at Joliet, and on the 22d of May, 1858, fifty-
three prisoners were received from the old Penitentiary at Alton. July 24,
1860, the last were removed, but the building was not completed until 1868.
The whole area of land pertaining to the Penitentiary is 72.19 acres;
whole area within main wall, sixteen acres ; the main wall is twenty-five feet
high and six feet thick ; there are one hundred cells for separate system,
seven by fifteen feet, and fifteen feet high, nine hundred cells for congregate
system, and one hundred cells for females four by seven feet, and seven feet
high. Each cell has a distinct ventilating tube extending to roof, with two
registers in each. All partitions, floors, and ceiling of cells are formed each
of one stone, eight inches thick. The buildings and walls stand on rock
foundation. All the buildings and grounds are supplied with pure water
from a spring at the bluff; the buildings are warmed by steam; the kitchen
and wash rooms are furnished with steam and other cooking and washing
fixtures of the most modern and approved kinds.
The engines of one hundred and fifty horse power each, furnish the motive
power for the machinery, running nearly 1,500 feet of heavy line shafting.
Altogether it is one of the most complete prisons in the United States, as
well as the most extensive and best arranged manufacturing establishment
in the West.
Until July, 1867, the labor of convicts had been farmed out to contractors,
who were bound to meet all the expenses of the prison. At that date the
state assumed entire control. A Board of Commissioners was appointed by
the Governor, and this Board selected a Warden, who has the general man
agement of the prison, under the direction of the Commissioners.
All minors under the age of eighteen, except for the crime of robbery,
burglary, or arson, convicted of any criminal offence, are exempted from pun
ishment in the Penitentiary. They may be fined and sent to county jail, or
either, for misdemeanors, but for higher crimes are always sent to the county
jail. The number of these young offenders is steadily increasing in the State.
The Governor in his last biennial message, recommended the establish
ment of a State Reform School for this class, where they would not be ex
posed to association with older and more hardened criminals.
Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Jacksonville.
PHILIP G. GILLETT, A. M., Superintendent. Number of pupils September 1, 18(54. 224; number
admitted in two years ending November 30, 1806, 5(5 ; whole number, 301 ; number in actual at
tendance, 200; number honorably discharged in the two years, 87; graduated, 1(5; died, 3; aver
age attendance, 187 ; number in attendance September 1, 18G8, 250.
21
322 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
Illinois State Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville. ANDREW MCFARLAND, M. D.,
Superintendent. Number of patients in hospital, December 1, 1864, 301. Number admitted
during the two years ending December 1, 1866, males, 232; females, 214 ; total, 446. Discharged
within two years,— recovered, 146; unrecovered, 167; improved, 53; eloped, 15; died, 48;
total, 429. Remaining December 1, 1866, 318. Supposed cause of insanity in cases admitted
—domestic trouble, 33 ; religious excitement, 32 ; business anxieties, 16 ; death of friends, 13 ;
puerperal, 22 ; disappointed love, 15; over exertion, 13; vicious indulgences, 25 ; epilepsy, 12 ;
hereditary, 19 ; miscellaneous and unknown, 248 ; total, 446. Occupations— domestic duties,
191; farmers, 135; laborers, 40; students, 32; carpenters, 8; teachers, 7 ; miscellaneous, 33;
total, 446. Civil condition— single, 198; married, 211; widowed, 37; total, 446. Nativity—
American, 312 ; foreign, 134; total, 446.
Illinois Institution for Education of the Blind, Jacksonville. JOSHUA RHODES,
M. D., Superintendent. Number of pupils December 1, 1866— males, 40; females, 40; total, 80.
Illinois Institution for Idiots and Imbeciles, Jacksonville. C. T. WILBUR, M. D.,
Superintendent. Number of pupils admitted since organization of institution, 34. Discharged,
8. Remaining December 1, 1866, 26.
Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet. B. DORNBLASER, Warden. Whole number of con
victs December 1. 1864, 586; number received during the year, 1,226 ; number discharged— by
expiration of sentence, 516 : by pardons, 168 ; by order Supreme Court, 1 ; delivered to Sheriff
on indictment for murder, 1 ; died, 29 ; escaped, 24 ; total, 739. Number of convicts December
1, 1866, 1,073 ; of these 762 were born in the United States, and 311 in foreign countries. There
were committed— for larceny, 703 ; robbery, 76 ; burglary, 69 ; assault to kill, 37 ; murder, 31 ;
manslaughter, 29 : rape, 28 ; passing counterfeit money, 19 ; burglary and larceny, 13 ; forgery,
12; receiving stolen property, 7 ; arson, 9; miscellaneous, 40; total, 1,073. Whole number
December 1, 1867, 1,043.
POPULATION.
In this state, a census is taken every ten years by commissioners appointed
by the County Courts. The last census was taken June 30, 1865, when the
population amounted to 2,141,510, a gain of 429,056 since 1860. The popu
lation at different periods since its organization as a territory, was as follows :
White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Inc. per cent.
1810 11,501 613 168 12,282
1820 53,788 457 917 55,162 349.53
1830 155,061 1,637 747 157,445 185.17
1840 472,254 3,598 331 476,183 .202.44
1850 846,034 5,436 851,470 78.81
I860 1,704,323 7,628 1,711,951 101.06
1865 2,124,170 17,340 2,141,510 25.09
The population of 1865 was classified as follows— white males, 1,093,111: white females,
1,033,059; colored males, 9,112; colored females, 8,228. The increase of population has been
more than 100 per cent, for every decade, except from 1840 to 1850.
This state extends through more than five degrees of latitude, presenting
a variety in climate and adaptation to different products. Its soil and situ
ation are peculiarly favorable to agriculture which has been the principal
branch of industry pursued. In 1860, it surpassed all other states in wheat
and corn products, yielding nearly one-seventh of the entire crop.
It is also rich in minerals, the coal fields being estimated at 44,000 square
miles, and the lead mines are among the most valuable in the world.
The Illinois coal field stretches from the Mississippi near Rock Island,
eastward toward Fox river, thence southeast through Indiana, and south
ward into Kentucky, occupying the greater part of Illinois, the southwestern
portion of Indiana, and the northwestern part of Kentucky, measuring 375
miles in length from northwest to southeast, and 200 in width from St.
Louis eastward, estimated to contain 1,277,500,000,000 tons of coal, sufficient
1869.] ILLINOIS. 323
to furnish an annual supply of 13,000,000 tons for nearly a hundred thou
sand years. The present annual product of the state is 1,500,000 tons, the
amount increasing every year.
The great lead district of the Mississippi river occupies a portion of
northwestern Illinois, southwestern Wisconsin, and northeastern Iowa, cov
ering an area of 1,000.000 acres, one-sixth of which lies in Illinois. Iron
ore has been mined in Hardin County, on the Ohio. Copper has been found
in several counties ; also marble, crystallized gypsum, quartz crystal, and
silex for glass manufacture ; salt also exists in the southern counties, while
small quantities of gold and silver have been obtained in the lead district.
The value of real estate and personal property for 1850 is reported in the
United States census at $156,265,006, and for 1860 at $871,860,282, being
an increase in the ten years of $715,595,276 or 450 per cent. In 1866, the
governor estimated the whole wealth of the state at not less than
$1,200,000,000.
The railroad system is on an extensive scale. At the close of 1867, 3,160
miles were completed and in operation, and 812 miles more were in course of
construction, making in the aggregate 3,979 miles, or one mile of railroad
to 14 square miles of territory.
In addition to the facilities thus afforded to commerce, a canal has been
constructed from Lake Michigan at Chicago, to La Salle on the Illinois river,
100 miles in length, affording communication by water between the lakes
and the Mississippi.
According to the State census, the value of manufactured products for 18G5 was $63,356,013.
The leading city in the state is Chicago, which had in 1837, a population of 4,170; in 1850,
29,963 ; in 1860, 110,973 ; in 1865, 178,539, and in 1867, over 200,000. Twenty-four lines of railroad
connecting various points in the state, center here, and 200 trains of cars daily arrive and de
part. It is now the most extensive grain and lumber market in the world. The number of
buildings erected in the city in 1867 was 7,500 at a cost of $7,500,000. The receipts and ship*
ments of Chicago for the same time, were as follows :
Articles. Received. Shipped. Articles. Received. Shipped.
Flour, bis 1,814,286 l,S59,p95 Cut Meats, Ibs 11,607,264 80,780,862
Wheat, bu......... 13.090,868 10,360,458 Pork, bis 71,331 168,783
Cora, bu 23,018.827 20,213,790 Lard, Ibs 9,837,362 34,514,305
Oats, bu 10.988,617 9,632,146 Hides, Ibs 22,983,017 20,721,953
Rye, bu 1,306,204 1,095,523 Lumber, ft 861,912,900 532,118,000
Barley, bu 2,246,446 1,680,950 Shingles, No 432,261,000 401,815,000
Seeds, Ibs 25.416,123 11,263,227 Lath, No 143,847,000 102,609,000
Products in 1866. Indian corn, 155,844,350 bush. ; value, $67,013.070. Wheat, 28,551,421
bush. ; value, $55,104,243. Oats, 30,054,370 bush. ; value, $9.917,942. Barley, 1,037,753 bush. ;
value, $705,672. Potatoes. 5,102,035 bush.; value, $3,265,302. Tobacco, 17,546,981 pounds;
value, $1,631,470. Hay, 2,340,063 tons ; value. $21,692,384.
Assessment. The assessment of 1866 gave as the value of miscellaneous property— goods
and merchandise, $21,237,683; bankers property, $330,337; manufactured articles, $2.211,981;
moneys and credits, $21,912,979; bonds, stocks, etc., $3,369,756; miscellaneous property, $488,-
727 ; unenumerated property, $18,827,432. The number of horses was 828,628, valued at $32,-
090.687 ; cattle, 1,464,866, valued at $16,961,592 : sheep, 2,550,850, valued at $3,457,686 ; hogs, 2,581,-
481, valued at $5,178,830.
Banks. There are eighty-three National Banks, with an aggregate capital of $12,070,000.
324 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
9. INDIANA.
Capital, Indianapolis. Area, 33,809 square miles. Population, (1860), 1,350,428.
This State was settled at Vincennes, by French emigrants from Canada,
about 1730. It was organized into a territory, May 7, 1800, from which
Michigan was set off in 1805, and Illinois in 1809. Its constitution was
adopted, June 29, 1816, and the State was admitted into the Union, Decem
ber 11, of the same year.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor CONRAD BAKER Evansville $3,000
Lieutenant Governor WILL CUMBACK Indianapolis *
Secretary of State M. F. A. HOFFMAN Indianapolis 2,000
Auditor of State JOHN D. EVANS Indianapolis 2,500
Treasurer of State NATHAN KIMBALL Indianapolis 3,000
Attorney General D. E. WILLIAMSON Indianapolis 1,000
Superintendent of Public Instruction . BARNABAS C. COBB Indianapolis 1,300
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor,
Attorney General and Superintendent of Public Instruction, are chosen by
the people at the general election, held on the second Tuesday in October.
The Governor and Lieutenant Governor hold office four years, and the others
two years.
The Senators, 50 in number, and Representatives, 98 in number, are chosen
at the general election in October. The regular sessions of the Legislature
occur biennially in January 1869 — 1871 — &c.
The right of suffrage is extended to every white male citizen, 21 years of
age, who has resided in the State six months, and to every white male of
foreign birth who has resided in the United States one year, and in the State
six months, and has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United
States.
JUDICIARY.
The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and a Court
of Common Pleas. The Supreme Court consists of four Judges, chosen by
the people at a general election, for a term of seven years. Its jurisdiction
is distinctively appellate, but its judges may award and determine writs of
habeas corpus.
The judges of the Circuit Court are elected for six years, and the judges
of the Court of Common Pleas for four years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, David Davis. District Judge, David McDonald. District Attorney, A. Kilgore.
Marshal, Benjamin J. Spooner. Clerk of Circuit and District Court, J. D. Howland.
SUPREME COURT.
Judges, John T. Elliott, New Castle ; James S. Frazer, Warsaw ; Robert C. Gregory, Lafay
ette ; Charles A. Ray, Indianapolis.
Clerk, Laz. Noble, Indianapolis. Reporter, Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis.
* $3.00 per day during session of Legislature.
I8G9.] INDIANA. 325
CIRCUIT COURTS.
Judge— 1st Circuit, John G. Berkshire: Id Circuit, George A. Bicknell; M Circuit, John
Baker ; 4tfi Circuit, J. M. Wilson ; 5th Circuit, John Coburn ; 6th Circuit, Delana R. Eckles ;
^th Circuit, Joseph S. Buckle? ; Sth Circuit, John M. Cowan; 9th Circuit, Andrew L. Osborn;
Wth Circuit, Robert Lowry ; llth Circuit, H. P. Biddle; mh Circuit, Charles H. Test; 13th
Circuit, Silas Colgrove ; 14th Circuit, William F. Parrett.
TERMS OP COURTS.
The Supreme Court holds sessions in Indianapolis, semi-annually, on the 4th Monday of May
and November, each year.
Two terms of the Circuit Court, and three of the Court of Common Pleas are held annually
in each county.
FINANCES.
Balance on hand November 1, 1806, $381,521.89
Receipts during the year ending October 31, 1867, - - 4,210,336.44
Total, --------- $4,591,858.33
Warrants drawn during the year, ------ 4,446,505.54
Balance in the Treasury October 31, 1867, - - - - $145,352.79
There was due to the following Funds : Saline Fund, $35,492.19 ; Bank Tax Fund, $24,715.37 ;
Surplus Revenue Fund, $854.93; Three per cent. Fund, $32.12; Funds from Estates without
heirs, $16,744.88; Common School Fund, $47,665.50; State Debt Sinking Fund, $44,392.89;
Swamp Land Fund, $59,804.17. Total, $229,702.05. Showing a deficit of $84,349.26.
STATE DEBT.
The following statement exhibits the condition of the debt of the State,
October 31, 1867 :
Five per cent. Certificates of Stock, - $3,754,236.33
Six per cent. War Loan Bonds, 237,000.00
$3,991,236.33
Of the Vincennes University Bonds, which do not properly come under
the head of the public debt, there were - $65,585.00
Of the School Fund Bonds 3,367,082.15
In accordance with an act approved December 21, 1865, notice was given that the State Debt
Sinking Fund Commissioners would redeem on July 1, 1867, at the office of the Agent of the
State, in the city of New York, so much of the outstanding two and one-half per cent. Certifi
cates of Stock, as the fund at the disposal of the Board would permit.
At a meeting of Commissioners, it was found that certificates of stock amounting to $877,-
377.60 had been presented, and that there were certificates outstanding and subject to redemp
tion, which would make the aggregate amount $1,183,187.55, while there was of the fund in the
hands of the Agent of the State, but $917,381.57. The balance, $265,805.98, was drawn from the
general fund of the Treasury.
The Commissioners also redeemed, in 1867, of the war loan $39,000 ; and of five per cent, cer
tificates $40,450, making an aggregate of $1,295.637.55, or nearly one fourth of the entire in
debtedness of the State redeemed during the year.
EDUCATION.
Seven different religious denominations have colleges or universities under
their care and patronage, a portion of which are endowed and supplied
with convenient buildings, and suitable apparatus and libraries.
The State University at Bloornington has an endowment of $90,000, and
326 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1SG9.
buildings and other property valued at $50,000. A law department is con
nected with this institution.
The public schools are under the supervision of a Superintendent of Pub
lic Instruction, elected by the people, who reports biennially to the legis
lature.
In each county an Examiner is appointed to examine teachers and visit
schools, under the direction of County Commissioners who determine the
amount of time to be occupied by the examiner in his official duties. The
commissioners also report annually to the State Superintendent.
The law provides for the appointment in each city and township of three
school Trustees who have the local supervision of schools, and of a Board
of Directors who have the care and management of school property.
Much has been done for the improvement of schools within a few years.
The standard of qualifications of teachers has been elevated, school funds
have been increased, and the income wisely distributed, and the supervision
of schools has been more thorough and effective. A State Normal School
was established by an act of the Legislature, approved December 26, 1865,
and located in the city of Terre Haute, which contributed $50,000 in money,
and a lot of land worth $25,000 for its use. The building, the corner stone
of which was laid in August, 1867, will, when completed, be one of the
finest Normal School buildings in the country. The plan of the institution
provides for a Normal School proper, a Model High School, and a Model
Primary Training School, all in the same building.
City training schools have been established at Indianapolis, Fort "Wayne,
Evansville, and other places.
A Teachers' Institute is required to be held in each county, by the county
examiners, as often as once a year. The Institutes are well attended and
are producing good results.
The School Fund of the State, amounting in 1866 to $7,613,490.35, is one
of the largest in the Union, and it is believed it will soon be increased to
$10,000,000, affording important aid to the Public Schools of the State.
Public Schools. Number of townships, 982 ; incorporated towns, 93; cities, 32; num
ber of school districts in the State. 8,309 ; number of districts in which schools were taught
within the year, 8.166 ; whole number of children between 6 and 21 years of age, 559,778. Pupils
attending— Primary Schools, 390,714; High Schools, 12,098. Average daily attendance— in
Primary Schools, 247,181 ; in High Schools, 7,358. Average length of schools— in days, 68 ; in
months of 20 days each. 3.4. Number of teachers employed — males, 5,330; females, 4,163.
Number of teachers licensed — males, 4,079 ; females, 3,373. Average compensation of teachers
in Primary Schools, per month of 20 days— males, $36.60 ; females, $26.20 ; in High Schools-
males, $62.00 : females. $33.32. Average cost of tuition, per month, in both grades of schools,
$1.16. Expended for tuition, $1,020,440. Number of school-houses built within the year, 346.
Total value of school property, $4,515,734. Number of school-houses — stone, 78; brick, 566;
frame. 6.145: log, 1,096; material not given, 346; total number reported, 8,231. Amount of
Special School Revenue expended within the year, $666.672. Volumes in Township Library,
265,388 : volumes taken out for use during the year, 84,957. Amount charged by Trustees for
managing educational matters. $32,289.86. Number of private schools taught within the year,
2,026.' Number of pupils attending private schools within the year, 49,322. «
1 School Revenues. Taxes, $910,585.37 ; interest on Common Fund, $111,425.32 ; liquor
license, $84,225 ; unclaimed fees, $584.59; State's indebtedness, $50,000; interest on Congres
sional Funds, $150,043.57 ; amount of delinquencies, $24,000 ; total, $1,330,863.79.
1869.] INDIANA. 337
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
Provision lias been made for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, and
for the treatment of the Blind and Insane, in institutions established at the
capital, placed under efficient superintendents, and conducted on liberal but
economical principles.
The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was established in 1844, its buildings
and grounds costing $132,000.
For the purposes of instruction, the pupils are divided into 8 classes, each
consisting of from 18 to 24 pupils, classified according to attainment. Scien
tific instruction, illustrated with suitable apparatus, has been introduced
into the highest class. TJie boys are taught trades, principally shoe making
and cabinet making, and the girls are taught the use of the needle.
The Institution for the Blind was opened in 1847, in buildings which cost
about $100,000. In 1867 important repairs and improvements were made
to the buildings, to the Astronomical and Philosophical apparatus, and to
the Cabinet. Object teaching has been introduced and successfully prose
cuted with the usual studies. In the Industrial Department, the boys are
occupied in making brooms and brushes, and the girls in a variety of em
ployments, the principal being the making of bead work.
In both these institutions the board and tuition of pupils residing in the
State are free ; the annual charge to those from other States is $150.
The Asylum for the Insane was opened in 1848, with a part of its build
ings only completed. In 1865 an act was passed authorizing the enlarge
ment of the Asylum, and the construction of the buildings was commenced,
but further appropriations were needed for their completion.
A temporary Soldiers' and Seamen's Home was opened in the city hospital
building at Indianapolis, August 27, 1865. In 1866, the Board of Directors
purchased the property known as the " Knightstown Springs," in Rush
county, at a cost of $8,500, to which place the Home was removed on the
26th day of April. The farm consists of fifty-four acres of excellent land,
thirty-five of which are under cultivation — the balance a grove of forest
timber. The buildings are commodious, affording ample room for about 100
patients.
There are two State Prisons, one styled the State Prison North, at Michi
gan City, and the other the State Prison South, at Jefferson ville. In the
latter, the labor of the convicts is let out to contractors, who employ them
in the manufacture of agricultural implements, stoves, buggies, harnesses,
and shoes. All the convicts are employed. The price received for the labor
is from 40 to 50 cents per day for each. Under this arrangement, the insti
tution brings no profit to the State, but is about self-sustaining. The ex
penses for maintaining and guarding convicts, with other necessary expenses,
are about fifty thousand dollars per annum.
The Governor in his message in 1867, says : "The reports from the Boards
of Trustees, and the Wardens of the Northern and Southern Prisons, and
other information I have received, show that the Prisons have been well and
economically conducted."
328 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The House of Refuge for Juvenile Offenders, was established by an act of
the General Assembly, approved March 8, 1867, and placed under the charge
of a Board of Control, consisting of three Commissioners appointed by the
Governor. The institution was Igcated near Plainfield, in Hendricks County,
and is to be conducted on the family system, the plan contemplating one
main building and ten family buildings, with necessary shops and other
buildings to accommodate 500 boys. A portion of the buildings was com
pleted, and a few boys were received in 18G8. Boys under 18 years of age
may be committed for incorrigible or vicious conduct, vagrancy, want of a
suitable home, or for the commission of any crime or misdemeanor. The
expense of each State pupil is borne, one-half by the State and one-half by
the county. Private pupils may be received on certain conditions, by the
payment of expenses by parent or guardian.
Indiana Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Indianapolis. THOMAS MC!NTIRE,
Superintendent. Number of pupils at commencement of year, 102 ; number received during the
year, 30; number discharged, 22; died, 1. Whole number instructed during the year, 192; num
ber remaining in the institution, October 31, 1867, 169. Expenditures for the year were— on ac
count of current expenses, $34,212.41 ; furnishing goods, and repairs, $2,803.23 ; clothing for in
digent pupils, $1,886.16. Paid over to the State, on account of shops, $3,477.12. Receipts from
the State Treasury, $39,102.04.
Indiana Institute for the Education of the Blind, Indianapolis. W. II. CHURCH
MAN, Superintendent. Whole number of pupils during the year — males, 55 ; female.s, 68 ;
total, 123. Number in attendance Nov. 1, 1867, — males, 42; females, 54 ; total, 96. Number of
teachers — in literary department, 5 ; in music department, 3 ; instructors in handicraft, 2.
Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis. WILSON LOCKHAUT, Superintendent.
Number of inmates September 1, 1868, 313. Income, $60,000 per annum from Legislature, and
use of 160 acres of land.
Soldiers' and Seamens' Home, Rush County. Number received to Nov. 30, 1S66, 224.
Discharged, 134; died, 14; remaining, 76. Expense, $17,000.84.
Indiana State Prison— South, Jeffersonville. J. B. MERRIWETHER, Warden. Number
of convicts, September, 1868— males, 368 ; females, 14 ; total, 382.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The following is the population as given by each census from 1800 to 1860, with ratio of in
crease for each decade :
Population. Inc. per cent. Population. Inc. per cent.
1800 4,875 1840 685,806 99.94
1810 45,365 402.97 1850 988,416 44.11
1820 147,178 500.24 1860 1,350,428 33.63
1830 343,031 133.07
By the enumeration of 1866, the State had a population of 840,240 white
males over the age of twenty-one, which number multiplied by the ratio
usually adopted, would give a population of over 1,700,000. There were in
1860, 1,339,000 whites, and 11,428 blacks. 693,348 were males, 645,362 were
females. Of this population, 1,232,244 were native born, and 118,184 for
eign born.
The following table shows the nativity and number of the principal por
tions of the foreign-born population :
Germany 66,705 England 9,304 Switzerland 3,813
Ireland 24,495 France 6,176 Scotland 2,093
A very large proportion of the surface of Indiana, or nearly 20,000,000
acres is capable of cultivation, most of it very fertile. In 1860 there were
1809.] INDIANA. 329
158,714 farmers in the State, and but 40,827 farm laborers, a large propor
tion of the tillers of the soil owning the land they cultivate. Corn and
wheat are the staple products, the former yielding on the bottom lands, with
good culture, from 100 to 125 bushels per acre.
This State by the last census was the first in the Union in the number of
swine raised, the third in the number of sheep, and the fourth in the num
ber of horses. The whole value of live stock then returned was $50,116,964.
The southern part of the State is adapted to the growth of the vine. The
first successful wine manufactured in the United States was at Vevay, on
the Ohio.
In 1860, the leading articles of manufacture were flour, meal, and lumber;
$300,000 were invested in forges and furnaces for working iron; about $105,-
000 worth of bar and other rolled iron ; upwards of $400,000 worth of steam-
engines and machinery, and about $200,000 worth of iron castings were made.
The whole number of manufacturing establishments in the State in 1860,
was 5,120, employing 21,300 hands, and consuming raw material, inclusive
of fuel, valued at $27,360,000, with a capital invested of $18,875,000, and
producing an annual product of $43,250,000.
The great coal field of Illinois extends into Indiana, covering in the
western part an estimated area equal to 7,700 square miles, or more than
one-fifth part of the whole surface. On White river the seams are upwards
of six feet thick. In other localities seams of eight feet in thickness are
found. Some of the coal measures, it is estimated, are capable of yielding
50,000,000 bushels to the square mile. At Cannelton, on the Ohio, a bed of
cannel coal is found from three to five feet in thickness, at an elevation of
seventy feet above the river.
Gold, copper, lead, and coal-oil have been found, but not enough is yet
known of them to judge of their paying qualities. Tlie finest varieties of
timber, such as oak, walnut, poplar, and cherry, abound in all parts of the
state, and the annual shipments are very large. In Lawrence county, build
ing stone, known as the "White River or Bedford stone," is found in large
quantities, and shipped to St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville, &c.
There are over 2,500 miles of railroads, costing more than $90,000,000, and
affording excellent facilities for a profitable traffic which is annually in
creasing.
Value of Property and Products. In 1867, the value of lands and improvements was
$256,689,312 ; value of town lots and improvements, $47,41)6,510 ; value of personal property,
$155,095,015 ; total valuation, $459,348,322 ; valuation of property from which no reports had
been received for 1867, as taken in 1866, $118,520,757, making the total valuation of real and per
sonal property in the State in 1867, $577,869,079.
The chief products in 1866, were— corn, 127,676,247 bushels, value $56,177,548 ; wheat, 9,114,562
bushels, value $21,966,094; rye, 345,144 bushels, value $355,498; oats, 10,158,562 bushels, value
$3,555,497; barley, 339,474 bushels, value $363,237; buckwheat, -443,094 bushels, value $451,956;
potatoes, 3,774,226 bushels, value $2,151,309; tobacco, 8,205,973 pounds, value $689,302; hay,
1,088,932 tons, value $10,279,518.
Banks. There were, Sept. 30, 1868, 68 National Banks in operation, with a capital of $12,-
867,000. Three National Banks have been closed.
330 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
10. IOWA.
Capital, Des Moineg. Area, 50,914 square miles. Population, (1867), 902,040.
Iowa originally formed a part of the territory purchased from France in
1803 ; and was successively connected with Missouri and Wisconsin territories.
A settlement was made at Dubuque in 1778, by a colony from Prairie Du
Chien, which remained over tAventy years. Permanent settlements were
commenced about 1830, at Burlington and Dubuque, by emigrants from
Michigan and Illinois. It was organized as a territory by act of Congress
in June, 1838, and admitted into the Union as a state, December 25, 1846.
GOVERNMENT
OFFICE. NAME RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor SAMUEL MERRILL Des Moines. ..$2,500 and $800
[for house rent.
Lieutenant Governor JOHN SCOTT Nevada G.OO per day.
Secretary of State ED. WEIGHT DCS Moines 1,300 and fees.
Auditor of State JOHN A. ELLIOTT Des Moines 1,300 and fees.
Treasurer of State SAMUEL E. RANKIN Des Moines 2,000
Register State Land Office CYRUS C. CARPENTER Des Moines 1,800
Superintendent Public Instruction. . . D . FRANKLIN WELLS Des Moiucs 2,000
Attorney General HENRY O'CONNOR Muscatine 1,500 a*nd fees.
STATE MILITIA.
Commander-in- Chief. SAMUEL MERRILL.
Adjutant and Inspector General NATHANIEL B. BAKER.
Aides-de- Camp Lieut. Cols. WM. F. SAPP, S. L. GLASGOW, AND GEO. COWIE.
Special Aides-de- Camp Lieut. Colonels FRANK SUTTON, AND G. J. NORTH.
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Superintendent of Public Instruc
tion are chosen each odd year by the people, to serve two years, and until
their successors are qualified. The Register of the State Land Office, Secre
tary of State, Auditor, and Treasurer are elected each even year, for the same
period. They enter upon their duties in January after their election. The
sessions of the Legislature are biennial.
The Senators, 49 in number, are chosen for four years, one-half being elect
ed every two years. The Representatives, 100 in number, are elected for two
years. The number of senators cannot be less than one-third nor more than
one-half the number of representatives.
Every white* male citizen who has been a resident of the state six months,
and of the county 60 days is entitled to vote. Persons in the military,
naval, or marine service of the United States, idiots, the insane, and those
who have been convicted of infamous crimes are excluded.
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, and such
other courts as the General Assembly may establish. The Supreme Court,
with appellate jurisdiction only in chancery, consists of four Judges, elected
by the people for six years, the one having the shortest time to serve is
Chief Justice. None of these Judges are eligible to any other state office
until the time for which they were elected has expired. This court sits for
the correction of errors in all cases at law, and in equity, in all cases tried by
* An amendment to the constitution striking out the word white was ratified in 1868.
1869.] IOWA. 331
the second method, embracing by statute, default cases, divorces, foreclosure
of mortgages and tax titles, and other cases in equity by agreement of parties.
It also exercises supervisory control over inferior judicial tribunals.
The District Courts, 12 in number, exercise general original jurisdiction,
civil and criminal, in chancery and at common law, where not otherwise
provided by statute, and have supervision over inferior courts to prevent
otherwise irremediable abuses. The General Assembly at its last session,
(1868), established twenty-four circuits, in each of which a Circuit Judge
was elected in November, for four years. These Judges enter upon their
duties January 4, 1869. The District Judge, with the two Circuit Judges
in the District, are to hold general term courts from two to four times a year.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge. Samuel H. Miller. District Judge. James M. Love. District Attoimey, M. D.
Browning. Marshal, George W. Clarke. Clerk of Circuit Court, W. G. Woodward. Clerk
of District Court, J. C. Burns.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, John F. Dillon, Davenport, Scott Co.
Associate Justices, Chester C. Cole, Des Moines ; George G. Wright, Des Moines ; Joseph M.
Beck, Fort Madison, Lee Co. Clerk, Charles Linderman, Page Co. Reporter, Edward II. Stiles,
Wapello Co. Attorney General, Henry O'Connor, Muscatine Co. Salary of Judges, $2,300 each.
DISTRICT COURTS.
1st District. Judge, Francis Springer, Louisa Co. ; Attorney, Joshua Tracy, Des Moines Co.
'M District, Judge, Harvey Tannehill, Appanoose Co. ; Attorney, James B. Weaver, Davis Co.
M District, Judge, James G. Day, Fremont Co.; Attorney, Charles E. Millard, Mills Co. 4th
District, Judge, Henry Ford, Harrison Co. ; Attorney, Orson Rice, Dickinson Co. 5th District,
Judge, Hugh W. Maxwell, Warren Co. ; Attorney. Samuel D. Nichols, GuthrieCo. Wh District,
Judge, Ezekiel S. Sampson. Keokuk Co. ; Attorney, Moses M. McCoid, Jefferson Co. 1th Dis
trict, Judge, J. Scott Richman, Muscatine Co. : Attorney, Lyman A. Ellis, Clinton Co. Sth Dis
trict, Judge, James H. Rothrock, Cedar Co. ; Attorney, C. R. Scott, Jones Co. Wi District, Judge,
James Burt, Dubuque Co.; Attorney, Matthew M. Trumbull, Black Hawk Co. IWi District,
Judge, Mile McGlathery, Fayette Co.; Attorney, L. O. Hatch, Allamakee Co. llth District,
Judge, Daniel D. Chase, Hamilton Co. ; Attorney, John H. Bradley, Marshall Co. IWi District,
Judge, William B. Fairfield, Floyd Co. ; Attorney. John E. Burke, Bremen Co. Salaries of Dis
trict Judges, $1,500 each ; of District Attorneys, $800 each and fees.
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT.
Besides the regular General Terms of the Supreme Court, at Des Moines. beginning respect
ively on the first Mondays of June and December, for the convenience of the eastern counties,
two Argument Terms are held at Davenport on the first Mondays respectively, of April and
October.
FINANCES.
The reports of the Treasurer and Auditor are made biennially. The fol
lowing account of the finances of the state is for the two years included in
the last reports to the Governor and General Assembly, January, 1868.
Balance in Treasury, November 5, 1865, exclusive of United States Treas
ury Notes belonging to Permanent School Fund, - - $358,243.50
Receipts from Nov. 5, 1865, to Nov. 2, 1867, - 1,355,565.50
Total Receipts and Balance, .... $1,713,809.00
Expenditures, - 1,616,068.55
Balance in Treasury, November 2, 1867, - - $97,740.45
332 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
CONDITION OP THE PRINCIPAL FUNDS.
Balance Nov. 5, 1305. Receipts. Disbursements. Balance Nov. 2, 1807.
General Revenue $330,093.47 $1,067,819.18 $1,821,71)8.17 $82,114.48
War and Defense Fund 7,890.52 7,890.52
Permanent School Fund. . . 11,132.18 3,005.24 8,12G.94
Temporary School Fund.. . 30,849.08 29,179.71 1,000.37
Swamp Land Fund 21,293.55 88,053.25 104,991.20 4,355.00
Dictionary Fund 32.00 293.98 305.98 20.00
Coupon Fund 824.48 70,259.21 69,629.03 1,454.00
Railroad Tax Fund 79,208.10 79,268.10...
$358,243.50 $1,355,505.50 $1,616,008.55 $97,740.45
The estimated expenditures exclusive of extraordinary appropriations for the two years
ending November, 1809, were $941,039.31.
RESOURCES OF THE STATE.
Balance of Revenue in State Treasury $82,114.48
Balance of State Revenue due from counties 357,876.07
Balance of Insane Hospital dues due from counties * 78,290.38
Balance of Federal Tax due from counties 2,112.20
Balance of Blind Asylum clothing account due from counties 209.52
Amount due from Banks 13,798.09
Tax of 1867, based on valuation 041,292.88
Tax of 1868, estimated at 2$ mills 050,000.00
Railroad Tax estimated for 1808 and 1869 50,000.00
Estimated balance due from United States Government 300,000.00
Total Resources $2,175,754.22
Aggregate assessed value of property, 1807 250,517,184.00
STATE INDEBTEDNESS.
Bonds issued to the Permanent School Fund of the state, dated Nov. 12, 18G4,
interest payable on the 1st days of January and July in each year, at 8
per cent., $122,295.75
Iowa 7 per cent. Bonds payable in New York, January 1, 1868,
issued under Chap. 7, Acts 1858, 200,000.00
War and Defense Fund 7 per cent. Bonds issued under Chap.
16, Acts of extra Session, 1861, - 300,000.00
Total, - $622,295.75
The bonds due January 1, 1868, have been provided for and paid as far
as presented. At the close of the fiscal year, 1867, there was not a single
outstanding warrant drawing interest, and an extra tax of 1 1-4 mills on the
dollar on the valuation of the state would pay the entire state indebtedness.
EDUCATION.
The State University at Iowa City is permanently established by the Con
stitution, and placed under the control of the General Assembly. It has an
endowment in land, mortgage notes and other property of $195,582.36 from
which an income of $18,317 was derived in 1867. Nearly all the lands be
longing to the University have been sold and its productive capital will not
be largely increased except by additional appropriations. It has a Normal
Department which has been of important service in preparing teachers for
the public schools.
1869.] IOWA. 333
There are eight other Colleges and Universities, and more than fifty acad
emies and seminaries in successful operation, nearly all of which have been
founded within the last fifteen years. Many of these are rapidly increasing
in strength and influence. The Agricultural College has one of the most
imposing and substantial buildings in the state, and has connected with it
an experimental farm of 648 acres.
This institution was founded in 1858, but for various causes, the buildings
were not completed for the reception of students until 1868. The college
building will accommodate about 200 students ; and will be provided with
apparatus, laboratory, library, and cabinets.
A portion of the farm is already under cultivation, and comprises plough-
land, meadow, orchard, and garden. At the beginning of the year 1868,
the stock on the farm was valued at $8,260, and the agricultural implements
at $1,460. Students are to pass a portion of the time in experimental farm
ing and gardening.
The public school system which has been in operation about ten years has
already developed an active interest in education. Superior school build
ings have been provided, graded schools established, and a commendable
spirit is manifested in efforts to secure teachers of higher qualifications.
The Superintendent of Public instruction has the general supervision of
the public schools of the state, and devotes his entire time to their improve
ment.
The s}Tstem of supervision by county superintendents has been quite suc
cessful, the exceptions being caused mainly by the want of adequate com
pensation in some counties to secure competent officers.
Each civil township constitutes a school district and has a local Board of
Directors ; the tax for the payment of teachers and incidental expenses of
sub-districts being levied upon the whole township. The Board of Directors
may appoint one person to have the general supervision of the schools of the
district, and may establish township graded schools whenever they may be
necessary.
The Normal Department of the University which was opened in 1855, has
given Normal instruction to more than 1,000 teachers.
There is an excellent training school at Davenport ; this and other similar
institutions more recently organized have secured the introduction of better
methods of instruction and training, and elevated the character of primary
schools. Efforts have been made for the establishment of Normal Schools
for the state.
During the ten years from 1858 to 1867 inclusive, 431 Institutes were held
with an estimated attendance of 28,000 teachers, and at a total cost to the
state of about $21,600. The annual expenditures for school purposes
during this time increased from $393,720.08 to $2,069,597.82.
Public Schools. Number of township districts (including independent districts) in f867,
1,321 ; increase since 1866, 126. Number of sub-districts in 1867, 6,168; increase, 242. Number
of districts in 1857, 3,265 ; increase in ten years, 2,903 ; number of persons between the ages
of five and twenty-one years, in 1867— males, 192,607; females, 180,362; total, 372,969; increase
in one year, 24,471. Number of persons between five and twenty-one years of age, in 1657,
334 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1860.
195,285 ; increase in ten years, 177,684. Number of schools in 1867, 6,229 ; increase since 18G6,
329 ; number of schools in 1857, 2,703 ; increase in ten years, 3,521 ; number of pupils attending
school in 1867, 257,281; increase since 1866, 15,454; increase in ten years, 177,011. Average
school attendance in 1867, 148,620; increase since 1866, 12,446. Number of teachers employed
in 1867— males, 3,676 ; females, 6,667 ; total, 10,343 ; increase since 1866, 1,000 ; increase in ten years,
7,347. Average compensation of male teachers per week in 1867, $8.97 ; increase since I860,
$0.57 ; increase in ten years, $2.88. Average compensation of female teachers per week, in
1867, $6,16; increase since 1866, $0.22; increase in ten years, $2,92. Number of day schools
taught in 1867— summer, 315,948 ; winter, 332,732 ; total, 648,680 ; increase since 1866, 18.7G5 ;
increase in ten years, 480,404. Average cost of tuition per week for each pupil in 1867— summer,
$0.34 ; winter, $0.35 ; total, $0.34£ ; decrease since 1866, $0.3$. Aggregate amount paid teachers
in 1867, $1,161,653.13; increase since 1866, $155,030.13; increase in ten years, $963,510.73.
Amount of teachers' fund in the hands of district treasurers in 1867, $100,525.87 ; increase
since 1866, $15,852.16. Number of school houses in 1867— brick, 436 ; stone, 200 ; frame, 4.200 ;
log, 612; total, 5,454; increase since 1866, 445; increase in ten years, 3,708. Value of school
houses in 1867, $3,450.978.93 ; increase since 18(56. $014,221.87; increase in ten years, $2,879,915.02.
Amount of district tax for building and repairing school houses in 18G7, $057,911.11 ; increase
since 1800, $119,815.45; increase in ten years, $511,207.37. Amount of district tax for library
and apparatus in 1807, $34,123.38. Amount of district tax for the rent of school buildings in
1867, $13,006.39 ; decrease since 1860,$1,070.40. Amount of district tax for fuel in 1807, $133,-
198.58 ; increase since 1866, $22,277.19. Amount of district tax for compensation of secretary
and treasurer in 1867, $39,705.23; increase since I860, $5,970.20. Amount of district tax for
teachers1 fund in 1807, $020,341.12; increase since I860, $117,180.98. Amount raised by "rate
bill " or voluntary subscription for teachers' fund in 1807, $71,784.58. Amount of apportion
ment received from county treasurers in 1807, $478,525.98 ; increase in one year, $22.025.47. Num
ber of volumes in district libraries in 1867, 9,303; decrease since 1806, 1,331; increase in ten
years, 8,680. Value of apparatus in 1807, $81,712.03.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The charitable institutions of Iowa were projected on a liberal scale, but
the rapid growth of the state, and the increase of the unfortunate classes for
whom these institutions were established are annually demanding additional
facilities and increased accommodations.
The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, located at Iowa City, has been
highly prosperous, but its accommodations being inadequate, the General
Assembly in 18G6, passed an act to locate the institution permanently at
Council Bluffs, and appointed three commissioners who purchased a site,
embracing 80 acres near the city, and contracted for the erection of a build
ing to cost $300,000, and to be completed by the first day of October, 1870.
The number of deaf mutes in the state is now (18G8), estimated at from
400 to 500, or more than five times the number in attendance at the institution.
The Institution for the Education of the Blind, was first established in
1853, at Iowa City. In 18G2, it was removed to Vinton, Benton County,
and 40 acres of ground secured on which commodious stone and brick build
ings have been erected. The institution is free to all the blind of Iowa who
are susceptible of education, and desirous of availing themselves of its priv
ileges. There were in 1866, 295 blind persons in Iowa, about 16 per cent.
of whom receive the benefits of the institution. The blind of other states
are admitted upon the payment, annually, of $170 per pupil, provided they
possess the other necessary qualifications.
The course of study consists of reading in raised print, writing, spelling ;
history, ancient and modern; grammar; geography; rhetoric, logic, and
belles letters ; natural, moral and mental philosophy ; arithmetic, mental
1869.] IOWA. 335
and written ; algebra, and geometry. The male pupils arc taught to make
brooms and brushes, and the females bead work, sewing and knitting.
The Hospital for the Insane at Mount Pleasant, has been much improved,
and is in a prosperous condition, but has not accommodations sufficient for
all the applicants for admission. The superintendent in his report gives a
full account of the improvements made, and the requisites for judicious
treatment of the Insane of the state. The Board of Trustees concur with
him in recommending additions to the buildings and farm.
The Trustees of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home, have under their charge
three institutions located respectively at Davenport, Cedar Falls, and Glen-
wood, in each of which the Orphans of soldiers are received for care and
instruction. The state has appropriated $8.33 per month for the support of
each inmate. This sum has been found insufficient to pay the expenses of
the homes, and contributions have been made for that purpose.
Deaf and. Dumb Asylum, Iowa City, BENJAMIN TALBOT, Principal. Whole number of
pupils, 98, of whom 75 were present during the year 1807.
Total receipts for year ending November 1, 18f>7 $28,075.19
Total expenditures for year ending November, 1, 1867 21,587.30
Cash on hand, November 4, 1867 $3,487.89
Institution for the Blind, Vinton, JAMES L. GEDDES, Superintendent. Whole number
of pupils since the opening of the institution, 150 ; number of deaths, 12 ; number removed
from institution, 88 ; number present, December, 1867, 50 ; of these 28 were males, and 22
females. Receipts for years 1866 and 1867, $23,900.79. Expenditures, $24,192.04. Deficit,
$291.25.
Iowa Hospital for Insane, Mount Pleasant. MARK RANNEY, M. D., Superintendent.
Number of patients in hospital, October 31, 1865— males, 146 ; females, 138 ; total, 284. Admit
ted during the two succeeding years — males, 178 ; females, 165 ; total, 343. There have been
discharged — males, 155 ; females, 128 ; total, 283. Remaining in hospital, October 31, 1867 —
males, 169; females, 175; total, 34-4. Of those discharged there were — recovered, 138; im
proved, 29 ; unimproved, 32 ; died, 85. Total number admitted since opening of the hospital,
1,025; total number discharged, 681. Supposed cause of insanity — general ill health, 109 ; puer
peral, 42 ; disappointment, 21 ; epilepsy, 99 ; domestic troubles, 58 ; religious excitement, 45 ;
masturbation, 35 ; business anxieties, 27 ; .hereditary, 32 ; injuries to the head, 15; over exer
tion, 21 ; spiritualism, 8; war excitement. 8; disordered menstruation, 13; intemperance, 24;
loss of health in military service, 13 ; ill treatment, 9; excessive study, 8; miscellaneous and
unknown, 441 ; total, 1,025. Occupation of those admitted— domestic duties, 436 ; farmers, 294 ;
merchants, 11; laborers, 59; teachers, 15; carpenters, 9; black-smiths, 6; seamstresses, 4;
tailors, 4; colliers, 3; preachers, 3; mill-wrights, 4; masons, 3; soldiers, 6; physicians, 3;
shoemakers, 6 ; clerks, 9; lawyers, 3; agents, 3; miners, 3; miscellaneous and no employment,
84; unknown, 57; total, 1.025. Civil condition— single, 421; married, 510; widowed, 68; di
vorced, 3; unknown, 23; total, 1,025. Age— less than 15 years of age, 17; 15 to 20,86; 20 to 30,
324 ; 30 to 40, 263 ; 40 to 50, 176 ; 50 to 60, 85 ; 60 to 70, 39 ; 70 to 80, 9 ; 8Q to 90, 1 ; unknown, 25 ;
total, 1,025. Nativity— American, 691 ; German, 71; English, 22; Prussian, 16; Irish, 100; mis
cellaneous and unknown, 125 ; total, 1,025.
PENITENTIARY.
The statistics of the Penitentiary at Fort Madison, exhibit in a marked
degree the fact which has been observed in other states, that during the
years of the late war there was a remarkable decrease in crime, and in the
number of criminals. While in 1860, the number in the penitentiary was
123, it decreased each year until 1863, when it was but 70, but after the close
of the war there was again a rapid increase ; the number of prisoners in
336 THE AMERICAN YEAE-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
18G5 was 87; in 1866, 117; and in 1867, 160. The capacity of the prison
is fully employed and increased accommodations are needed.
The penitentiary is successfully conducted. The system of " diminution "
of time, the religious exercises, and the library have all been important
means in the discipline and moral culture of the prisoners. The labor is
under contract and consists of coopering, and manufacturing agricultural
implements. The value of the labor at the close of 1867, was $1,875 per
month.
Iowa Penitentiary, Fort Madison, MARTIN HEISET, Warden. Number of convicts, Oc
tober 1, 1865, 87 ; received during the year, 101 ; total, 278. Of those discharged, 87 were by ex
piration of sentence, 30 by pardon, and 1 by conditional leave of absence, leaving in confine
ment October 1, 18G7, 160. Of those received there were — males, 189; females, 2; total, 191.
Civil condition — single, 121; married, 65 ; widowed, 5 ; total, 191. Crimes — larceny, 121; bur
glary, 13 ; robbery, 6 ; bigamy, 5 ; rape, 5 ; manslaughter, 4 ; murder, 2d degree, 4 ; adultery, 4 ;
counterfeiting, 4; assault with intent to kill, 3; murder, 2; conspiracy, 2; forgery, 2; miscel
laneous and unknown, 16; total, 191. Term of sentence— 1 year and less, 74; 1 to 2 years, 53;
2 to 5 years, 45 ; 5 to 10 years, 13 ; 20 years, 1 ; life, 5 ; total, 191. Age— between 12 and 15 years,
6 ; 15 to 20, 53 ; 20 to 25, 55 ; 25 to 30, 33 ; 30 to 35, 12 ; 35 to 40, 12 ; 40 to 65, 20 ; total, 191. Na
tivity — United States, 152 ; Ireland, 13 ; Germany, 12; Canada, 10; other foreign countries, 4;
total, 191.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
In Iowa the transition from a wilderness to cultivated farms and populous
towns and cities has been rapid. There are no very large cities, but a large
number of commercial centers and thriving towns. The increase in popula
tion from 1840 to 1850 was 345 per cent,, and from 1850 to I860, 251 per
cent. The changes in population since the organization of the territory 30
years ago, may be seen by the following table :
1838 22,859 1850 191,982 1S63 701,732 1867 902,040
1840 43,114 I860 674,913 1S65 754,699
The population in 1867 may be classified as follows : white males, 463,537 ; white females,
433,316 ; total white population, 897,325 ; colored males, 2,508 ; colored females, 2,203 ; total col
ored population, 4,715 ; number entitled to vote, 181,749; foreigners not naturalized, 13,503;
number between the ages of 5 and 21 years, 339,618; number of blind, 412 ; deaf and dumb, 363 ;
insane, 644.
In the per cent, of increase of real estate and personal property from 1850
to 1860, this state surpassed all other states in the Union, the increase being
943 per cent. The great distinguishing feature of Iowa is her vast and
diversified prairies, a large portion of which is covered with grass and des
titute of timber.
Com, wheat, oats, and hay are the great staples of Iowa, being grown to a
greater or less extent in every county in the state, with the addition of rye,
barley, buckwheat, tobacco, <fcc., in limited quantities. Hop raising is attract
ing considerable attention in some counties, and in Jackson and Jones is
successful and profitable.
The principal branch of industry is agriculture, but the favorable situa
tion of the state between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and the numer
ous railroads which have been built and projected, have stimulated the
growth of a domestic trade that is rapidly increasing. In the northeastern
part of the state, there are rich lead mines, and in the central and southern
1869.]
IOWA.
337
portions, extensive coal fields, while iron and zinc are found in some parts
of the state. The value of the annual mineral product is already more than
a million of dollars, and is rapidly increasing.
Manufacturing is in its infancy but is attracting a large amount of capi
tal and skilled industry ; and the presence of minerals, fuel, and in some
instances of water-power, present favorable circumstances for an enlargement
of this business ; the value of manufactures increased more than a hundred
per cent, from 1865 to 1867.
Table giving amount of land cultivated and principal products in 1865
and 1867.
NO. OF ACKES.
1805. 1867.
Enclosed 5,327,053 8,2(53,174
Increase in 1867 2,936,121
Sorghum 21,452 25,706..
Hungarian Grass 37,894 39,406. .
Tame Grasses 302,899 497,460.
Spring Wheat 827,487 980,905.
Winter Wheat 116,965 73,425
Oats 577,540 504,361
Corn 1,727,777 1,992,826
Rye 48,992 35,604
Barley.... 51,804 48,013
Irish Potatoes 40,193 42,493
Sweet Potatoes
Onions
Flax 12,111 11,906
Number of gallons of Linseed Oil
1865.
1867.
..tons hay,
..bushels,
..gals, syrup, 1,443,605 2,094,557
63,698 58,889
225,349 537,812
7,175,784 13,912,368
1,108,731 723,152
15,928,777 15,861,494
48,471,133 56,928,938
662,388 492,841
950,696 1,197,729
2,730,811 2,666,678
26,222 50,390
207,638 213,285
seed, 75,721 61,917
890 80,052
There were also in 1867,—
Of fruit trees in bearing 1,075,177
Fruit trees not in bearing 3,629,789
Hogs of all ages 1,620,089
Cattle of all ages. . '. 956,169
Pounds of butter made 19,192,727
Pounds of cheese made 1,403,864
Pounds grapes raised 549,179
Gallons wine made 29,495
Pounds hops raised 48,653
Pounds tobacco raised 385,002
Acres planted for timber 48,774
Tons coal raised 97,820
Value of minerals, not including
coal...
Sheep 1,708,958
Horses of all ages 425,055
Mules and asses of all ages 22,037
Hives of bees 85,727
Pounds of honey taken 896,745
Pounds of beeswax 36,266
Value of manufactures $15,957,599
Value of agricultural implements, ma
chinery and wagons $11,362,402
Number of acres land assessed 28,773,400
Assessed value of lands and town
lots, $189,550,825
Assessed value of person'lproperty,66,966,359
Total assessed valuation 256,511,487
In a majority of the counties, farm lands have increased in value 75 per cent, since the census
of 1860. Wild or unimproved lands range in price from $1.25 to $25 per acre.
Land Grants. The state has received and controls for various purposes the following land
grants : For aiding the common schools of the state, 1,548,487.97 acres ; for agricultural college,
208,430.30 acres ; towards a State University Fund, 92,030.37 acres ; and to aid in the construc
tion of railroads, 3,270,702 acres. The great value of these grants can only be indefinitely esti
mated in their present undeveloped state.
Banks and Railroads. There were in the state, October 1, 1868, 44 National Banks, with
a capital of $4,057,000; and 1,152 miles of railroad finished and in operation.
The number of newspapers or periodicals published in the state is,— daily, 16 ; tri-weekly, 2 ;
semi-weekly, 3; weekly, 141 ; semi-monthly, 1 ; monthly, 3; quarterly, 1 ; total, 167.
There are 29 Home, and 91 Foreign Insurance Companies doing business in the state.
22
338 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
11. KANSAS.
Capital, Topeka. Area, 81,318 square miles. Population, (1860), 107,206.
Kansas formed part of the great Louisiana purchase acquired from France
in 1803, and was subsequently included in the Missouri, Arkansas and In
dian Territories, from which last it was, in May 1854, erected into a separate
territory, and admitted into the Union as a State, January 29, 18G1. For
several years a fierce contest raged in the territory on the subject of slavery,
but the strife was finally adjusted by its being admitted as a free State.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor JAS. M. HARVEY Fort Riley $2,000
Lieutenant Governor C. V. ESKRIDGE Emporia *
Secretary of State THOS. MOONLIGHT Leavenworth 1,500
Auditor of State A. THOMAN Lawrence 1,500
Treasurer of State GEORGE GRAHAM Seneca 1,200
Superintendent of Public Instruction. P. McVicAR Topeka 1,200
Attorney General A. DANFORD Fort Scott 1,000
The above officers are chosen by the people for a term of two years. The
general election is held on the first Wednesday in November. Senators, 25
in number, elected for two years, and Representatives, 75 in number, elected
for one year, constitute the Legislature, which meets annually on the second
Tuesday in January.
White male citizens of the United States, or persons of foreign birth who
shall have declared their intention to become citizens, conformably to the
laws of the United States on the subject of naturalization, who have resided
in the State six months, and in the township thirty days, are entitled to vote.
No person under guardianship, non compos mentis, or insane, or any person
convicted of treason or felony, unless restored to civil rights, nor any soldier,
seaman or marine shall be allowed to vote.
At the election in November, 1867, three amendments to the constitution
respecting voters were submitted to the people, with the following results :
On striking out "white," the yeas were 10,483, nays, 19,421. Majority
against, 8,938. On striking out " male," the yeas were 9,070, nays, 19,857.
Majority against, 10,787. On disfranchising rebels, the yeas were 15,672, nays,
12,990. Majority for, 2,682.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Court of Kansas consists of a Chief Justice and two Asso
ciate Justices. The Judges are elected by the qualified voters of the State ;
those of the Supreme Court for six years, and those of the District Courts
for four years. Two sessions of the Supreme Court are held annually at To
peka, in January and July.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. District Judge, Mark W. Delahay. District Attorney, S. A.
Riggs. Marshal, C. C. Whiting. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, A. L. Thomas.
* $6.00 per day during session of Legislature.
1869.] KANSAS. 339
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice-, S. A. Kingman, Atchison.
Associate Justices, D. M. Valentine, Ottawa ; J. Safford, Topeka. Salary of each, $2,000.
DISTRICT COURTS.
Judges. 1st District, H. W. Ide, Leavenworth ; 2d District, Nathan Price, Troy ; 3d District,
John T. Morton, Topeka: 4th District, O. A. Bassett, Lawrence ; 5th District, John H. Watson,
Emporia ; Q(fi District, D. P. Lowe, Mound City ; 1th District, J. R. Goodin, Humboldt ; 8th
District, James Humphrey. Manhattan ; $th District, W. H. Brown, Cottonwood Falls. Salary
of first five, $2,000 each ; of the others, $1,500 each.
FINANCES.
The receipts for the fiscal year ending Nov. 30, 1867, were - $552,217.03
Expenditures for the same time, ------ 516,605.02
Balance in the Treasury Nov. 30, 1867. ----- $35,612.01
The receipts and disbursements were on account of the following funds :
Receipts. Disbursements.
General Revenue and Sinking Fund $192,798.29 $179,144.17
Annual School Fund 56,341.70 47,012.19
Permanent School Fund 59,846.03 59,766.59
Penitentiary Building Fund 115,540.55 115,540.55
Capital Building Fund 91,263.96 91,158.61
Military Fund 23,263.45 22,387.78
Railroad Fund 13,163.05 1,595.13
Whole amount received and disbursed $552,217.03 $516,605.02
STATE DEBT.
The outstanding liabilities, Nov. 30, 1867, were $1,002,069.82, from which
are to be deducted the sums expended for war purposes, amounting in all to
$328,594.82, which leaves to the State a bonded indebtedness of $673,475.00.
November 30, 1868, the bonded debt was $1,095,175; outstanding warrants,
$290,254; total, $1,385,429. Taxes due for 1867 and 1868, and being paid,
$390,952.
EDUCATION.
The State University at Lawrence has been in part re-organized, its course
of study has been extended, and additions have been made to its corps of In
structors. It now embraces a collegiate and a preparatory course. The act
incorporating the University endowed it with 46,080 acres of land, and
$10,000 cash, besides a site of 40 acres adjoining the city.
In 1867, a military department was added to the State Agricultural College,
and the agricultural course extended.
A number of denominational and private institutions have been established,
some of which are doing excellent service in the cause of education.
The school system has been modeled after the systems of the older States,
and with the exceptions incident to a new country, has been efficiently
administered, and the schools have rapidly improved.
The public schools are under the general supervision of a Superintendent
of Public Instruction. County Superintendents have the oversight of the
schools in their respective courities, receiving the reports from district officers,
and reporting annually to the State Superintendent.
The Legislature in 1863 appropriated 30,380 acres of salt lands to endow
a Normal School, which was located at Emporia, and opened in February,
340 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER, [1869.
1865, with 18 students. The attendance during the second year was 130.
The year commenced in January, 1868, with a larger number of students
than ever before. The school has a good building, costing $18,000. A suc
cessful model department is connected with it. Each representative district
can send one pupil to the Normal School. The male pupils must be 17, and
the females 16 years of age, and pledge themselves to teach in the State as
long as they attend the Normal School.
Public Schools. Number of school districts, in 1866-7, 1,172; increase for the year, 186;
number of white persons between the ages of 5 and 21— males, 30,028; females, 28,275; total,
58,303 ; number of colored persons of same age— males, 2,247 ; females, 2,283 ; total, 4,535 ;
whole number of persons of school age, 62,838 ; increase, 8,110 ; number of children enrolled
in public schools— white— males, 19,460 ; females, 17,484 ; total, 36,944; colored— males, 1,236;
females, 1,269 ; total, 2,505 ; whole number, 39,449 ; increase, 8,191 ; number attending select
schools, academies and colleges, 4,243 ; number attending public schools and other institutions
of learning, 43,692 ; increase, 7,903 ; average daily attendance of children— white, 19,591 ; col
ored, 982 ; total, 20,573 ; average time of school taught for children— white, 4.4 months ; colored,
4.8 months; number of teachers employed— males, 541 ; females, 664; total, 1,205; increase,
119 ; number of teachers employed in select schools, academies and colleges, 107 ; in public
and other schools, 1,312; increase, 64; average wages paid per month to teachers— male, $39.-
44 ; female, $26.41 ; amount paid for teachers' wages in public schools, $170,436.39 ; increase,
$54,522.28; amount expended in repairs and incidentals, $42.824.42; increase, $10,361.21;
amount disbursed to counties from annual fund, $47,961.36; increase, $16.907.12; amount
raised by district tax for public schools, $273,057.18 ; increase, $80.437.01 ; amount from various
sources for support of public schools, $342,271.92; increase, $88,657.36; number of school
houses— log, 241 ; frame, 339 ; brick, 15 ; stone, 108 ; total, 703 ; total value of school houses,
$573,690.03; increase, $254,792.77; amount added to the interest-bearing permanent school
fund, $66,725 ; increase, $36,653.44 ; amount of permanent school fund now invested and bear
ing interest, $96,796.56.
State Normal School, Emporia. L. B. KELLOGG, Principal. Number of pupils in Nor
mal Department — ladies, 70; gentlemen, 55 ; total, 125 ; in Model School — girls, 15; boys, 12;
total, 27 ; whole number in school, 152.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The charitable institutions already established are in successful operation.
An Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb has been organized at Olathe, at which
25 pupils were in attendance in 1867.
The Asylum for the Insane at Osawatomie, was opened November 1,
1866 ; it has accommodations for only 22 patients. More than this number
applied in 1867, who were rejected for want of room. The treatment of those
received was successful, more than half having recovered.
An institution for the Blind has been located at Wyandotte, and a building
erected at a cost of about $18,000, on a site, including nearly 10 acres, donated
by the city. The institution was opened in 1868. As a rule, applicants who
are under nine or over twenty-one years of age, are not admitted ; but excep
tions are sometimes made in peculiar cases, at the discretion of the Board of
Trustees. No person of imbecile or unsound mind, or of confirmed immoral
character, will be received. All are required to come with an adequate supply
of good, comfortable clothing, embracing suitable articles for both summer
and winter wear. No charge is made for the instruction of pupils.
Kansas Asylum for the Blind, Wyandotte City. H. H. SAWYER, Superintendent. Num
ber of inmates, Oct. 1, 1868, 15.
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, Olathe. Loins H. JENKINS, Superintendent. Number
of inmates, September 1, 1868, 27; annual appropriation by legislature, $8,000 or $10,000.
1869.] KANSAS. 341
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population in 1860 was 107,206. At the time of the previous decen
nial census, the whole State was a wilderness, with a few scattering white
settlements. Soon after its organization as a territory and the repeal of the
Missouri Compromise act, emigrants from the Northern and Southern States
poured in rapidly, the one section determined to exclude, and the other to
introduce slavery. A bitter struggle ensued, which at la§t culminated in
actual war. Lawrence was sacked and burned, and for a time life and pro
perty were insecure. Since the final settlement of the slavery question, im
migration has increased, and the eastern part of the State has rapidly filled
up. The present population is estimated at 300,000 or more.
The soil of the greater part of the State is excellent, there being two
classes of land, the first embracing the alluvions of the river, and the strips
of timber. Of this class, there are at least 10,000,000 acres in the State, or
fully five times the amount of improved land. For the production of the
heavier kinds of cereals, this land is surpassed in richness by none of the
neighboring States. For wrheat and other small grains, the second-class
lands, embracing the upland or rolling prairies, are preferred.
The scarcity of building timber is amply compensated by the general distri
bution of stone suitable for the construction of buildings and fences. Un
failing springs of pure cold water are very abundant, and wells, furnishing
a copious supply, need not be sunk over twenty to forty feet.
The climate is temperate and healthful. The locality of the State, half-way
up the slope of the eastern Cordilleras, gives it the advantage of the higher
strata of the atmosphere, with more general circulation. The equability of
temperature is especially favorable to stock-raising.
From a report of the surveyor-general, it is seen that horses have increased
in number in seven years, since the last decennial census, from 18,882 to
150,000; mules from 1,430 to 10,000; cattle of all kinds from 87,000 to
1,000,000 ; and sheep from 15,000 to 100,000. The total value of live stock
has advanced from $3,205,522 to $40,300,000.
The mineral deposits of Kansas are as yet imperfectly known ; but suffi
cient has been developed incidentally to warrant the belief that the State
has a liberal endowment of the useful minerals. The coal measures of the
cistern portion are supposed to cover an extensive region. In Leavenworth,
Osage, and Bourbon counties, in which alone the veins have been worked to
any considerable extent, the supply seems abundant and the quality superior.
Sand rock and lime rock crop out all over the State. Fine rnagnesian lime
stone of beautiful color has been quarried on the Kansas river near Fort
Riley, and is now used in erecting public buildings. There are a number
of salt springs.
At the close of the fiscal year 1867, surveys had been extended over 20,-
510,443 acres of the public lands. Under the appropriation of $15,000 by act
of Congress, March 2, 1867, contracts were made embracing the lands on the
Smoky Hill, Saline and Solomon Forks of Kansas river, which were required
342 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTEB. [1869.
to be surveyed in order to enable the Pacific Railroad Company to make
selections under the grant of Congress.
The manufactures of 1860 were represented by 344 establishments, with a
capital of $1,084,935, working up raw materials to the value of $1,444,975,
and paying for labor $880,346. The year's product was $4,357,408, leaving
a profit of $2,032,087, or 107 per cent, on the capital. The trade of the
State is advancing with other great interests.
Great progress has been made in the last four years in the construction of
railroads. One branch of the Pacific railroad passes through the entire
length of the State. This with its branches and connections will afford im
portant commercial facilities with the Eastern and Western States, while the
completion of the railroad southward from Leavenworth will connect Chi
cago with Galveston, and afford convenient intercourse with those cities.
Products in 1866. Corn, 6,527,358 bushels, value $4,112,235; wheat, 260,465 bushels,
value $497,488 ; oats, 200,316 bushels, value $94,148 ; potatoes, 243,514 bushels, value $387,187;
hay, 123,082 tons, value $883,729.
Banks. There were, October 1, 1868, 5 National Banks, with a capital of $400.000.
12. KENTUCKY.
Capital, Frankfort. Area, 37,680 square miles. Population, (1860), 1,155,684.
This state was formerly included in the territory of Virginia, was settled
in 1774 at Harrodsburg, and was formed into a territory by the Virginia
Legislature in 1789. It was admitted into the Union as a state in 1792.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor JOHN W. STEVENSON Frankfort $5,000
Lieutenant Governor WM. JOHNSON , Bardstown lOaday*.
Secretary of State SAM'L B. CHURCHILL Frankfort 1,500
Auditor D. HOWARD SMITH Frankfort 2,500
Treasurer JAMES W. TATE Frankfort 2,500
Attorney General JOHN RODMAN Frankfort 500 and fees.
Adjutant General FRANK WOLFORD Liberty 2,400
Supt. of Public Instruction Z. F. SMITH Eminence 1,300
Secretary Board of Agriculture J. J. MILLER Lexington
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Auditor, Attorney General, and Super
intendent of Public Instruction, are elected by the people for the term of
four years. The Governor is ineligible for the four years succeeding the ex
piration of his term. If a vacancy in the office of Governor occur during
the first two years of the term, it is filled by a new election ; if during the
last two years, the Lieutenant Governor, and after him, the Speaker of the
Senate, acts as Governor. The Treasurer is elected by the people every two
years. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate.
Senators, 38 in number, are elected from single districts for four years, one-
half every two years. Representatives, 100 in number, are elected from sin
gle districts for two years. Sessions of the Assembly are biennial, and cannot
continue longer than 60 days without a two-thirds vote of all the members
*During session of Assembly.
KENTUCKY. 343
elected to each branch. The members are paid $4 a day, and 15 cents a
mile for travel.
Every white male citizen who has resided two years in the state, one year
in the county, and 60 days in the precinct in which his vote is offered, is
entitled to vote.
JUDICIARY.
The Court of Appeals is the Supreme Court of the State, and has appellate
jurisdiction over the final orders and judgments of all other courts of the
State in civil cases, except where the amount in controversy is less than $50,
or in cases of judgment granting divorce, or on a judgment of an inferior
court from which an appeal is given to the Quarterly or Circuit Court. It
has appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases, where the fine is $50 or over.
The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in civil cases where the
amount in controversy is $50 and upwards, except where exclusive jurisdic
tion is given to other courts ; appellate jurisdiction in certain cases specified,
and criminal jurisdiction for the trial of all offenses which may be prosecuted
by indictment, and all prosecutions and final actions, except where exclu
sive jurisdiction is given to other courts*
There are also County Courts and Justices' Courts. All Judges are Jus
tices of the Peace. Judges of the Court of Appeals are elected by districts
for a term of eight years, one every second year, and the Judge having the
shortest term to serve is Chief Justice. The Circuit Court Judges are elect
ed by districts for six years, and Justices of the Peace for four years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge, Bland Ballard. District Attorney, B. H. Bris-
ton. Marshal, W. A. Merriwether. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, A. J. Ballard.
COURT OP APPEALS.
Judges. R. K. Williams, Mayfield ; George Robertson, Lexington ; M. K. Hardin, Louis
ville; B. J. Peters, Mt. Sterling. Salaries, $4,000.
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury October 10, 1866, $160,714.21
Received into the Treasury from Oct. 11, 1866, to Oct. 10, 1867, 2,175,996.47
Total, - $2,336,710.68
Amount of warrants drawn by the Auditor and paid by the
Treasurer, Oct. 11, 1866, to Oct. 10, 1867, inclusive, * 2,310,852.77
Leaving balance in Treasury to the credit Revenue Department, $25,857.91
STATE DEBT.
The following was the condition of the State Debt, October 10, 1868 :
Amount of six per cent, debt due and outstanding $84,394.00
Amount of five per cent, debt due and outstanding 16,000.00
Amount of six per cent, bonds unredeemed not due 1,72(5,500.00
Amount of five per cent, bonds unredeemed not due 160,000.00
Bonds held by the Board of Education 1,632,297.46
Total State Debt, October 10, 1868 $3,619,191.46
Between October 10, 1867, and October 10, 1868, the outstanding bonds of the state were re
deemed to the amount of $992,008.00, which expresses the reduction of the permanent debt of
the state for the year.
344 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. < [1869.
EDUCATION.
One of the most important educational institutions of this state, is the Ken
tucky University which now embraces the University established in 1858,
Transylvania University, and the Agricultural College. The union of these
institutions was effected in 1865, and the University was permanently located
at Lexington. The site includes " Ashland " the homestead of Henry Clay,
and the adjoining estate of " Woodlands," in all 433 acres.
The actual cash endowment of the university, amounted in 1868 to over
$400,000 and the real estate to $250,000. The first session of 1868, 220 stu
dents matriculated in the Agricultural College alone. In this college all
students are required to wrork unless excused in consequence of actual phys
ical debility. They are arranged into two divisions, one compensated, and
the other uncompensated. The former work four hours a day on the farm,
or in the work-shops, for which each member receives ten cents per hour.
The latter work two hours per day, in the ornamental grounds and garden
without compensation.
The public school system is attracting the attention of the state govern
ment, and measures have been taken for its improvement. A State Superin
tendent of Public Instruction has been appointed, who is giving more effic
iency to the system.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Institution for the Education of Deaf Mutes at Danville, established
in 1823, is the oldest of the state charities. For more than forty years, it
has been under the charge of the same principal. Pupils receive intellectual
and moral instruction, and are taught to work at useful and profitable em
ployments. The greatest number present at the close of any session before
the war was 93. During the war, the number was reduced to 52, but, in 1867,
it had increased to 96. No charge is made to pupils from Kentucky ; those
from other states pay $150 a year for board, lights and washing ; tuition is
free to all.
There are two Insane Asylums in the State, the Eastern Lunatic Asylum
at Lexington, founded in 1824, and the Western Lunatic Asylum at Hopkins-
ville. An appropriation for additional buildings for the Eastern Asylum
was made by the Legislature, February 28, 1867, and the work was immedi
ately commenced. The buildings were so far completed in 1868, that the
number of inmates was largely increased. The Eastern Asylum will now
accommodate 525 patients, and the Western Asylum, 325, making abundant
provision for all the lunatics in the state.
The Kentucky Institution for the Blind at Louisville, was founded in 1842.
In 1861, it had buildings valued at $70,000, 4 teachers and 54 pupils.
The Institution for the Education and Training of Feeble Minded Chil
dren wras established in 1860, but the buildings as originally designed were
but partially completed in 1867. The accommodations were sufficient for
the number of inmates at that time (52)..
The report of the State Penitentiary at Frankfort, indicates a large increase
1869.] KENTUCKY. 345
of prisoners since January 1, 1866, when there were but 290 confined in the
prison yard. January 1, 1867, there were 450, and January 1, 1868, 540.
Of 902 in confinement in 1866 and 1867, 237 or more than one-fourth
were between the ages of 15 and 20 years, and 413 were between 20 and 30.
The keeper well says " there is an absolute necessity of devising some system
of punishment for the young offender, which, while vindicating the law, will
prevent the youth from becoming hardened in crime by association with old
criminals."
Kentucky Institution for the Education of Deaf Mutes, Danville. J. A. JACOBS,
A. M., Principal. Number of deaf mutes attending from November 15, 1866, to November 15,
1867— males, 50 ; females, 46 ; total, 96 ; of these there were— totally deaf, 36 ; hear more or less,
54; not ascertained, 6; total, 96. Cause— congenital, 37 ; not known, 9; known disease, 50 as
follows:— scarlet fever, 18; rising in the ears, 6; cold, 6; fever, 3; miscellaneous, 17.
Kentucky Institution for the Education and Training of Feeble Minded
Children, Frankfort. DB. BLACK, Superintendent. Number of pupils December 1, 1867 —
males, 24 ; females, 28 ; total, 52. Since December 1, 1865, 23 pupils have been admitted and
7 discharged.
Kentucky Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington. W. S. CHIPLEY, M. D., Superin
tendent. Number in institution October 1, 1866— males, 148 ; females, 103 ; total, 251. Admitted
during the year— males, 29 ; females, 21 ; total, 50. Whole number under treatment during the
year — males, 177; females, 124; total, 301. Number discharged, recovered — males, 14; females,
9 ; total, 23. Number died — males, 11 ; females, 3 ; total, 14. Number removed, 6. Remain
ing October 1, 1867— males, 149 ; females, 109 ; total, 258. Daily average patients— paying, 30.33 ;
state, 222.68. Civil condition of those admitted during the year — single, 20; married, 23; wid
owed, 7; total, 50. Admitted and discharged since 1824, admitted— males, 1,805; females, 957,
total, 2,762; discharged— males, 743; females, 307; total, 1,050 ; died— males, 631; females, 412;
total, 1,043; eloped— males, 120; females, 16; total, 136; removed— males, 162; females, 113;
total, 275.
Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville. JAMES RODMAN, Superintendent. Number
of inmates September, 1868, 283.
Kentucky Penitentiary, Frankfort. H. I. TODD, Keeper and Lessee. Number of con
victs January 1, 1866, 236. Received during years 1866 and 1867, 666. Served time out, 160.
Pardoned, 160. Died, 37. Escaped, 10. Delivered to Sheriffs, 2. Number in prison January 1,
1868, whites— males, 332; females, 1 ; blacks— males, 173; females, 34; total, 540. Age of pris
oners during last two years— from 15 to 20, 237 ; 20 to 30, 413 : 30 to 40, 100 ; 40 to 50, 39 ; 50 to
60, 17; 60 to 70, 3; not stated, 93; total, 902. Term of sentence— for 1 year, 280; from 1 to 3
years, 167 ; 3 years, 95 ; from 3 to 5 years, 168 ; 5 years, 69 ; from 5 to 10 years, 73 ; 10 years, 37 ;
10 to 20 years, 10 ; life, 3 ; total, 902. Crimes sentenced for— grand larceny, 444 ; horse stealing,
159 ; felony, 87 ; robbery, 54 ; murder, 22 ; hog stealing, 20 ; burglary, 18 ; manslaughter, 15 ;
shooting with intent to kill, 16; passing counterfeit money, 11; arson, 9 ; rape, 8; forgery,
8 ; miscellaneous, 31 ; total, 902. Education— good, 46 ; common, 313 ; none, 441 ; not stated,
102; total, 902.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population and rate of increase for each decade are as follows :
White. Free Colored. SUvei. Total. Inc. per cent.
1790 61,133 114 11.830 73,077
1800 179,871 741 40,343 220,955 202.36
1810 324,237 1,713 80,561 406,511 83.98
1820 434,644 2,759 126,732 564,135 88.82
1830 517,787 4,917 165,213 687,917 21.09
1840 590,253 7,317 182,258 779,828 13.36
1850 761,413 10,011 210,981 -.982,485 25.98
I860 919,517 10,684 225,483 1,155,684 17.64
According to the census of 1860, there were in Kentucky 7,644,208 acres
of improved land, and 11,519,053 unimproved. There has been an average
increase of about 10 per cent, in the value of farm lands, since that time ; in
346 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
some counties the increase was much more, the greatest increase being near
the principal cities.
The soil supplies the chief source of wealth, rendering Kentucky pecul
iarly an agricultural and grazing country. A mixed husbandry generally
prevails, embracing the production of wheat, corn, oats, rye, potatoes,
tobacco, and the raising of stock. Wheat, corn, and tobacco are the chief
crops, the latter being the principal one for export, the corn grown being
largely used upon the farms — converted into stock. Blue grass is the almost
universal grass of Kentucky, and the " blue grass region " is well known as
a grazing country. Under favorable circumstances, stock may be sustained
nearly the whole year upon pastures alone.
This state is rich in minerals. Coal is found in abundance in Greenup,
Rockcastle, Laurel, Pulaski, Whitley, Clinton, Edmonson, Hardin, Ohio, "But
ler, Christian and Webster counties, and iron in greater or less quantity in
nearly all of them. Lead is found in Trimble, Owen, Bourbon, Scott, Frank
lin, Anderson, and Livingston counties, and in others contiguous. Salt wells
exist in several counties, but are not worked to any great extent.
An active trade is conducted with New Orleans, St. Louis, and other places
on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
The principal products in 1866, were— corn, 65,564,630 "bushels, value, $32,126,669; wheat,
2,063,256 bushels, value, $4,745,489; rye, 419,287 bushels, value, $409,601 ; oats, 5,644,573 bushels,
value, $2,709,395; potatoes, 1,786,200 bushels, value, $1,196,754; tobacco, 61,683,856 pounds, val
ue, $5,859,966 ; hay, 115,844 tons, value, $1,482,803.
The chief products for 1867, were— tobacco, 101,261,879 Ibs. ; hemp, 4,646,735 Ibs. ; hay 105,964
tons ; corn, 50,262,463 bushels ; wheat, 2,223,447 bushels ; barley, 94,963 bushels ; mineral prod
ucts—pig metal, 9,737 tons ; bloom, 5,159 tons ; bar iron, 1,860 tons.
Assessment, 1867. Acres of land, 20,449,880, value, $210,534,221 ; town lots, 52,867, value,
$82,037,164; horses, 350,586, value, $21,553,061; mules, 80,074, value, $5,618,203; cattle, 605,870,
value, $7,725,136 ; stores, 10,536, value, $18,965,588 ; value under the equalization law, $42,794,-
653; value of pleasure carriages and other vehicles, $1,663,577; value of watches and clocks,
$1,241,168; value of gold and silver plate, $448,312; value of pianos, $873,858; total value,
$393,618,655.
13. LOUISIANA.
Capital, New Orleans. Area, 41,346 square miles. Population, (1860), 708,002.
The territory from which Louisiana was formed, was first settled by the
French at Iberville, in 1699. In 1762, it was ceded by France to Spain, and
in 1800, was ceded back by Spain to France.
In 1803, the whole territory including Arkansas, Missouri, and a large tract
west of the Mississippi, was ceded by France to the United States. Louisiana
was organized as a distinct territory in 1804, and admitted into the Union as
a state in 1812.
The ordinance of secession which was adopted by a state convention, January 26, 1861, was
repealed by another convention, which met April 6, 1864. A new constitution was adopted by
this convention, which was ratified by the people, September 5, 1864, and the State Legislature
and Representatives to Congress were chosen. The state was under the supervision of the
General commanding the Department of the Gulf of Mexico, until the passage of the military
reconstruction act, March 2, 1867, when it was joined with Texas to form the 5th Military dis
trict. A constitutional convention assembled at New Orleans, November 23, 1867 ; and a now
constitution was formed which was ratified by the people, April 23, 1868. The state was admit
ted to representation in Congress by act of June 25, 1868.
1869.] LOUISIANA. 347
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor HENRY C. WARMOUTH New Orleans $8,000
Lieutenant Governor OSCAR J. DUNN New Orleans 3,000
Secretary of State G, EORGE E. BOVEE Saint James 3,000
Auditor G. M. WICKLIFFE New Orleans 5,000
Treasurer ANTOINE DUBUCLET . . Iberville 5,000
Superintendent of Education THOMAS W. CONWAY New Orleans 5,000
Attorney General S. BELDEN New Orleans 5,000
All the above state officers are chosen by the legal voters of the state for a
term of four years each, except that at the first election under the new con
stitution, the treasurer was to be elected for two years.
The legislative power is vested in the General Assembly, consisting of a
Senate and House of Representatives. The Senators, 36 in number, are
elected for four years, one-half biennially, and the representatives, 101 in
number, for two years. General election first Monday in November. The
members of the General Assembly receive $8 for each day of attendance, and
going to and returning from the sessions which are limited to 60 days each.
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years or upwards, born or
naturalized in the United States, and a resident of this state one year next
preceding an election, and the last ten days within the parish in which he
offers to vote, shall be deemed an elector. Criminals and certain persons
who participated in the rebellion are excluded. All persons without regard
to race, color, or previous condition, born or naturalized in the United States,
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, and residents of this state for one
year, are citizens of this state.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Parish
Courts, and in Justices of the Peace.
The Supreme Court, except incases provided, has appellate jurisdiction
only. It is composed of one Chief Justice, and four Associate Justices, a
majority of whom constitutes a quorum. The Chief Justice and the Associate
Justices are appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the
Senate, for the term of eight years. They must be citizens of the United
States, and have practiced law for five years, the last three thereof next pre
ceding their appointment, in this state. The Court appoints its own clerks.
The Supreme Court holds its sessions in the city of New Orleans from the
first Monday in the month of November to the end of the month of May.
The state is divided into districts, in each of which a judge is chosen for
four years by the qualified electors. The number of districts must not be
less than 12 nor more than 20, and must remain unchanged for four years.
The present number is 18. There is one District Court in each district except
the parish of Orleans which has seven.
The District Courts have original jurisdiction in all civil cases when the
amount in dispute exceeds five hundred dollars exclusive of interest. In
criminal cases their jurisdiction is unlimited. They have appellate jurisdic
tion in civil ordinary suits when the amount in dispute exceeds $100.
348 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
For each Parish Court one judge is chosen by the qualified electors of the
parish. He holds his office for the term of two years. In 1868 there were
18 district judges, and 48 parish judges. The Justices of the Peace are chosen
by the electors of each parish, and hold office for the term of two years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, . District Judge1, Edward H. Durell. District Attorney,
S. H. Torrey. Marshal, F. J. Herron. Clerk of Circuit Court, Dominick Urban. Clerk of
District Court, Charles C. Clairbornc.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, John T. Ludeling, Monroe.
Associate Justices, Wm. G. Wiley, Floyd ; J. K. Howell, New Orleans ; J. G. Talliafero, Har-
risonburg; W. W. Howe, New Orleans. Clerks, J. M. Wells, Jr. ; C. M. Ileley, Jr.
Salary of Chief Justice, $7,500 ; of each Associate Justice, $7,000.
FINANCES.
The Receipts from all sources for 18G8, as reported by the State Treasurer, November 19,
were as follows:
Various taxes and arrears $1,377,750
Licenses on Trades, Professions and Occupations 425.000
Duty on Sales at Auction 50,000
Sales of Swamp Lands 10,000
Miscellaneous 20,000
Total receipts for the year 1868 $1,882,750
The Expenditures during the same period, according to the General Appropriation Bill, were
as follows :
Salaries of Officers and Contingent Expenses of their Departments $150,180
Salaries of Judges, District Attorneys, and Reporters of Supreme Court 206,300
Compensation to State Assessors and Tax Collectors, and deductions of uncollected taxes. .210,000
Compensation and Contingent Expenses of the Legislature 300,000
Interest on State Bonds for the year 1868 496,908
Printing and Advertising 125,000
State Seminary of Learning and Public Schools 236,000
For Insane, Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Asylums, and Penitentiary 100,000
Support of Charitable Institutions 82,000
Miscellaneous 39,400
Total expenditures for 1868 $1,945,788
Deficit 63,038
STATE DEBT.
The total outstanding bonded debt of the state, November 19, 1868, consisted of 9,473 bonds,
amounting to $7,962,800. From this should be deducted bonds of the State, which were the
property of the state, and were held by the State Treasurer:
For the Free School Fund $856,500
For the Seminary Fund 137,000
For Redemption of State Debt 198,000
$1,191,500
Leaving the total outstanding Bonded Debt, exclusive of the bonds owned by the State, $6,-
771,300; the state also owned consolidated city bonds and Railroad bonds, amounting to $371,-
000; which, if sold or exchanged, would reduce the bonded debt of the state to $6,400,371.
The floating debt of the state, consisting of state notes, warrants and overdue coupons,
amounted to $1,929,500, which, with the deficit for the year, it was expected would be entirely
liquidated by the special tax of 1 per cent.
LOUISIANA. 349
EDUCATION".
The constitution provides that the General Assembly shall establish at
least one free public school in every parish throughout the state, and shall
provide for its support by taxation or otherwise. All children of this state
between the ages of six and twenty-one are admitted to the public schools
or other institutions of learning sustained or established by the state in com
mon, without distinction of race, color, or previous condition. No separate
schools or institutions of learning can be established exclusively for any race
by this state.
A University is to be established and maintained in the city of New Orleans.
It is to be composed of a law, a medical, and a collegiate department, each
with appropriate faculties. The General Assembly must provide for its or
ganization and maintenance ; and all departments are to be opened in com
mon to all students capable of matriculating.
Since the close of the war, the Centenary College at Jackson, under the
care of the Methodist Church, and several private schools and academies have
been revived and are now prosperous.
The public schools are under the general supervision and control of the
State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The proceeds of all lands grant
ed by the United States for the use and support of public schools, and of
certain other land grants ; and the proceeds of all estates of deceased per
sons to which the state may be entitled by law, are held by the state as a
loan, and are to remain a perpetual fund on which the state shall pay an
annual interest of six per cent., which interest, with the interest of the trust
fund deposited with this state by the United States, and the rent of the un
sold lands must be appropriated to the support of public schools ; this appro
priation is to remain inviolable. No appropriation can be made by the Gen
eral Assembly for the support of any private school, or any private institu
tion of learning whatever. One-half of the funds derived from the poll tax,
are appropriated exclusively to the support of the free public schools through
out the state, and the University of New Orleans.
The Normal school in the city of New Orleans was suspended in 1862, but
it has been re-established and continued by the benevolence of teachers of
the city who have given their services to it gratuitously.
School Statistics of New Orleans. Number of schools— for white children— High
Schools, 3; District Schools, 36; for colored children, 16 ; total, 55; number of teachers— for
white children, 262 ; for colored children, 52 ; total, 314 ; number of pupils enrolled — white chil
dren, 17,163; colored children, 4,477; total, 21,640. Salaries paid teachers, $231,055.11 ; rents of
school houses, $19,383.85 ; salaries of officers of Board, $12,043.45 ; books and stationery, $21,-
526.96; repairs, $60,037.78; furniture, $16,177.76; miscellaneous, $102,759.27 ; total, $381,417.44;
appropriations for white children, $360,060; for colored children, $70,000; received fromW. S.
Mount, $5,000 ; total $435,000.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The constitution provides that institutions for the support of the insane,
and the education and support of the blind and the deaf and dumb, shall
always be' fostered by the state, and be subject to such regulations as may
be prescribed by the General Assembly.
350 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
The principal charitable institutions of the state are in New Orleans and
Jefferson. The influence of the climate on strangers, and the frequency of
epidemics, causes a large number of sick and orphans needing aid. The fol
lowing institutions including some not public, were in operation in 1868.
Insane Asylum, Jackson. Mr. KING, Superintendent. Number in Asylum Dec. 31, 1866
—males, 80 ; females, 92 ; total, 172 ; number admitted since— males, 11 ; females, 1 ; total, 12 ;
making in all, 184 ; discharged, recovered— males, 6 ; females, 1 ; total, 7 ; removed, improved—
1; eloped, 2; died— males, 6 ; females, 5; total, 11 ; remaining Dec. 31, 1867— males, 78; females,
85 ; total, 163 ; whole number of admissions since the opening of the Asylum, 1,171 ; salaries of
officers, and wages of servants, $7,900 ; other expenses, $13,700; total, $21,600.
Charity Hospital. Founded in 1786, mainly to care and provide for the indigent sick, yet
has a few pay patients, chiefly sailors. It is sustained by a tax of $2.50 each, on passengers
arriving by sea, licenses on balls, theatres, and lotteries, donations by the state, and pay
patients as above referred to.
The amount received from pay patients the last year reached $67,000 ; the expenses are about
$9,000 per month. Number of patients January 1, 1867, 723; admitted during the year, 8,612;
total, 9,335. Discharged during the year, 7,260 ; died, 1,438; remaining in hospital January 1,
1868, 637. This institution and the following are in New Orleans.
Poydras Asylum for Girls, Protestant. Founded by Julian Poydras, in 1817 ; is for
girls only, and is managed by a board of twelve ladies. It has 120 inmates ; can accommodate
500 ; takes all that apply ; is supported chiefly by rent from property donated by its founder.
St. Mary's Male Orphan Asylum, Catholic. Established in 1835 ; is directed by a
board of fourteen gentlemen ; has 380 inmates. Applicants for admission are subject to no
condition, other than being orphans. It is supported by the state and donations.
St. Vincent's Home for Boys, Catholic. Established in 1866 for half orphans, and is
managed by a board of six gentlemen ; has 63 inmates, who are educated and taught useful
trades. Its resources are from the state, donations, work, and contributions by the Society.
St. Elizabeth Female Orphan Asylum, Catholic. Established in 1856. Girls between
the ages of twelve and fourteen years only are admitted, and retained until eighteen or twenty.
Besides a book education, they are taught trades, house keeping, and all duties pertaining to
the position for which they are destined hereafter— 169 inmates. The resources are from the
state, city, proceeds of their work, fairs, and contributions.
Orphan's Home, Protestant. Established in 1853. Orphans of both sexes are admitted—
contains 49 boys and 71 girls, 120 in all. A board of managers, composed of twelve ladies, have
charge of the house. Its resources are from the state, city, contribution, fairs, and membership.
St. Vincent's Infant Asylum— Catholic. Established in 1862; in charge of nine Sisters
of Charity. There are 150 inmates, 10 boys, and 140 girls ; none over seven years old are admit
ted ; it is supported by the state, city, and donations.
St. Joseph's German Orphan Boys and Girls Asylum— Catholic. Established
in 1853, and managed by twelve Sisters of Charity. There are now 104 boys, and 108 girls ; in
all 212. Its resources are from the city, state and receipts from St. Joseph's Cemetery.
German Orphan Asylum— Protestant. Established in 1868 by a German Protestant So
ciety, which sustains it. Both sexes are admitted. They number 16 ; 7 girls and 9 boys.
St. Anna's Asylum. Established in 1850 for the relief of destitute females of all religious
denominations, and their helpless children. During the last year it has had under its care
sixty-four women and thirty-two children. Its resources are dues from subscribers, contribu
tions, and work.
Southern Hospital Association. Incorporated in 1866, and commenced active opera
tions in January, 1867. Its resources are entirely derived from individual exertion and contri
butions, its receipts up to this date reaching $80,000. There are now 47 inmates.
Children's Home— Protestant. Established by the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1855.
Its board of managers is composed of 10 ladies. Orphans, half-orphans, and destitute children
of both sexes are admitted ; it has 32 girls and 40 boys. Its support is derived from the state,
city, donations, and contributions.
Louisiana Retreat— Catholic. Established in 1864, to give a home to the Insane. Its
resources are derived from the state, and its inmates, about one-half of whom are paying recip
ients. It has at this time 45 inmates, cared for by seven Sister Superiors. Old and young, male
and female are alike admitted.
Ladies' Benevolent Association of Louisiana. Organized in 1866 ; its objects are
to provide artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers, mark and protect the graves of their dead,
1869.] LOUISIANA. 351
and aid and assist their destitute widows and orphans. Its management is confided to a board
of ladies. The resources are from donations, subscriptions, and memberships.
Widow's Home— Catholic. Established in 1851, and is managed by a community known
as Ladies of Providence. It contains 47 women, 24 children, and 25 aged or infirm men — 96 in
all ; and is supported by the state, city, proceeds of work done by the inmates, and charity.
Society for the Relief of Destitute Orphan Boys— Protestant. Established in 1824 ;
it is under the direction of a board of eight gentlemen. It has 73 inmates, and room for many
more ; no conditions imposed on admission. Its resources are derived from rents.
St. Croix Asylum — Catholic. Established in 1855 ; it is under the management of the
Sisters of Charity. There is an Academy attached, where a complete English education can be
had, which has now 40 pupils. The Asylum has 77 inmates. No conditions attached to admis
sion, other than that they are to remain until eighteen years of age. Its resources are derived
from the state, city, academy, donations, and contributions.
Home for the Aged and Infirm. Established in 1862, by Mrs. A. W. Eichardson,
mainly sustained, and conducted solely by her, until recently, when it passed into the hands of
the city ; it has 50 female inmates.
Marine Hospital. Is supported by the United States Government, for the benefit of sick,
aged, and infirm freedmen only. It contains 322 patients and 36 aged and infirm persons.
New Orleans Orphan Asylum. Established in 1836, for girls between the ages of 7
and 14. It has now 220 orphans.
Orphan's Home Society— Protestant. Established in 1865, for orphans of both sexes.
It is managed by a board composed of both sexes, numbering thirteen, and has 103 inmates.
Jewish "Widow's and Orphan's Association. Organized in 1856, by the Jews ; it
has 89 inmates, 44 boys, 43 girls, and 2 widows. It is supported by an annual payment of dues
by the members, donations and contributions ; receipts from all sources the past year, as per
report of March, 1868, $25,365.26, disbursements, $19,963.87.
Howard Association. This association was organized in 1836, chartered in 1842, and
re-chartered in 1867. Its active members are limited to 30, but do not reach that number. Its
duties are to take care of the indigent sick in times of epidemic only. When the Board of
Health shall declare the existence of an epidemic, whatever its kind, they organize for action,
though they have not, on all occasions, waited for such announcement by the Board. Each
member is assigned a district respectively, where he receives and responds to all applications
in that district. The members in the performance of their duties, do not restrict themselves to
this city, but when it is possible to spare them, delegations accompanied by nurses arc sent to
distant towns and cities where epidemics prevail. Their resources are derived entirely from
contributions. Their receipts during the epidemic of last year were $108,866.49, to which 19
cities and towns outside of New Orleans contributed. Their entire expenditures were $78,-
320.66. In addition to the sick taken care of as above, they extended relief to sick and extreme
ly destitute persons in families numbering 6,200.
House of Refuge for Girls. Established in 1852, as a School or House of Reform for
Female Juvenile Delinquents not exceeding 15 years of age. Its general management is placed
with a Board of Commissioners, composed of 13 citizens, elected annually by the Council, and
the Mayor of the City, who is a member ex-offido. It has 32 inmates, most of whom were com
mitted for vagrancy, but few for criminal offences and those of a minor character, and some as
a protection from bad influences, and cruelty of heartless parents.
House of Refuge for Boys. Established by the city authorities in 1848, to supply a
home corrective and reformatory in its character, to which courts could commit juvenile
vagrants, and minor criminal offenders against the law only. It is under the management of a
board of thirteen commissioners, elected by the Council annually, and the Mayor of the city,
who is a member ex-offido. It has 106 inmates. All children found pilfering, begging within
the limits of the city, engaged in any occupation dangerous to their morals, or of a tendency to
produce idleness or vice, idle and attending no school, abandoned to themselves, or not provided
for by their parents are called "juvenile vagrants."
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTKY.
The population of Louisiana at each decade since the organization of the State, was :
Whites. Free Colored, Slaves. Total. Ine. per cent.
1810 34,311 7,585 34,660 75,556
1820 73,383 10,476. . . . . 69,064. . . . . .152,923 100.39
1830 89,441 16.710... ...109,588 . ...215,739 40.63
1840 158,457 25,502 168,452 352,411 63.35
1850 255.491 17,462 244,809 517,762 46.92
1860 357,629 18,647 331,726 708,002 36.74
352 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Louisiana has great resources as an agricultural state. The surface, not
more than 200 feet above the level of the Gulf, is in many places so low that
extensive districts, especially in the south, are submerged during the stages
of high water in the river. "West of the Mississippi basin, the land rises in
hills towards the northwestern part of the state, broken, however by the
marshes along the several arms of the Red river. The delta of the Missis
sippi, amounting to one-fourth of the area of the State, is nowhere more
than ten feet above the sea, and is subject through its entire extent to annual
inundation. The bottom lands seem of inexhaustible fertility. Cotton,
sugar, corn, and potatoes are the principal crops ; before the war the cultiva
tion of the first two was very profitable ; but the disturbance in labor, and
the unsettled condition of the state, have caused many plantations to be
left without cultivation.
In the southern tier of parishes, sugar, rice, and tobacco are made special
ties, and fruits are extensively grown. Vast herds of cattle, and flocks of
sheep may be pastured upon the extensive natural meadows of the " Opelou-
sas prairies," extending seventy-five miles southwest and northeast, with a
width of twenty-five miles. One man is said to own 12,000 head of cattle,
and it is estimated that from 75,000 to 100,000 head graze upon these prairies.
Timber is abundant in all parts of the State, embracing many varieties of
oak, ash, cotton-wood, cypress, gum, and some of the pine forests are capa
ble of producing quantities of turpentine. In St. Mary's parish alone it is
estimated there is timber enough to make 10,000,000 cords of sugar wood.
On one of the islands within the limits of this parish, there exists an im
mense bed of salt. By boring, persons have gone thirty-eight feet into the
solid salt, without finding any signs of the bottom of the stratum.
Land has much depreciated in value since 1860. There are yet to be dis
posed of in this state over six million five hundred and eighty thousand
acres of public land. In 1860, the capital employed in manufactures was
$7,151,172, invested in 1,744 establishments. The annual product was valued
at $15,587,473, of which after deducting $10,692,987 for cost of raw materials
and labor, there remains a profit of $4,894,486, or nearly sixty-eight per cent,
on the capital invested.
The commerce of the state, both domestic and foreign, has been very ex
tensive. The direct navigation of the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Ohio
and their tributaries, amounts in round numbers to 17,000 miles, pouring the
products of fourteen states into the magazines of New Orleans for foreign
exportation. New Orleans is the greatest cotton market in the world.
The products for 1866 were— corn, 6,910,035 bushels, value, $8,499,343 ; potatoes, 206.258 bush
els, value, $249,572; tobacco, 59,910 pounds, value, $23,964; hay, 36,900 tons, value, $1,107,000.
In 1866-7 there were 347 sugar plantations under partial cultivation, the product being estimated
at about 40,000 hogsheads of sugar, and 65,000 barrels of molasses. In 1860 the amount of cot
ton raised was 722,218 bales.
Banks. The number of National Banks, September 30, 1868, was— organized, 3 ; closed or
Closing, 1 ; in operation, 2; with a capital of $1,800,000.
1869.] MAINE. 353
14. MAINE:
Capital, Augusta. Area, 35,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 628,279.
Maine was settled at York in 1623 by the English; it was a part of Massa
chusetts until 1820 when it became an independent State and was admitted
into the Union.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor J. L. CHAMBERLAIN $2,500
Secretary of State FRANKLIN M . DREW Brunswick 1,500
Treasurer and Receiver General NATHAN G. NICHBORN 1,600
Attorney General WILLIAM P. FRYE Lewistown 1,000
Superintendent of Public Instruction. WARREN JOHNSON 1,800
Secretary of Board of Agriculture...^. L. GOODALE 1,200
Adjutant, General JOHN C. CALDWELL Ellsworth 1,600
Land Agent PARKER P. BURLEIGH Linneus
The Governor is chosen by the legal voters of the State, on the second
Monday in September, annually, and holds office one year from the January
following. He is aided by a council of seven persons, who with the remain
ing state officers, are chosen by the Senators and Representatives in joint
convention. The Senate composed of 31, and the House of Representatives
of 151 members, are elected, annually, by the people. The Legislature meets
in regular session on the first Wednesday in January. Each member of the
Senate and House is entitled to $150 for attendance at a regular session, and
$2 for every ten miles of travel. For attendance at an extra session the com
pensation is $2 per day.
All male citizens of the United States of the age of 21 years and upwards,
excepting paupers, criminals, persons under guardianship, and Indians not
taxed, who have resided in the State three months previous to an election,
are entitled to vote. Persons in the military, naval, or marine service, and
students, are not deemed to have acquired a residence.
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Judicial Court, composed of
one Chief Justice and six Associate Justices, and such inferior courts as the
Legislature may establish. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed
by the Governor, with the advice of the Council, and hold their offices for
seven years. The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Judicial Court, em
braces all suits where the title to real estate is involved, or where the damages
demanded exceed twenty dollars. It has jurisdiction of all criminal offences
except those cognizable by a justice of the peace, or a police or municipal
Judge.
Its appellate jurisdiction extends to all cases, civil or criminal, which may
have been originally brought before inferior magistrates, and to appeals from
the decrees of the Judge of Probate.
For the purpose of hearing questions of law and cases in equity, the State is divided into the
Eastern, the Middle, and the Western Districts.
The Eastern District includes Aroostook, Washington, Hancock, Piscataquis, Waldo, and
Penobscot counties. The Middle District includes Somerset, Knox, Sagadahoc, Lincoln, and
Kennebec counties. The Western District includes Franklin, Oxford, Androscoggin, York,
and Cumberland counties.
23
354
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[18G9.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Nathan Clifford. District Judge, Edward Fox. District Attorney, G. F. Talbot,
Marshal, Charles Clark. Clerk Circuit Court, George F. Emery. Clerk District Court, William
P. Preble.
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT.
Chief Justice, John Appleton. Associate Justices, Jonas Cutting, Edward Kent, J. L. Dicker-
son, Charles W. Walton, William G. Barrows?, Rufus P. Topley. Salaries, $2,500 each.
TERMS OF SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT.
For Androscoggin County, at Auburn, 3d Tuesday in January, April, and September; Aroostook
Co., at Houlton, last Tuesday in February, and 3d Tuesday in September; Cumberland Co., at
Portland, civil actions, 2d Tuesday in January, April, and October ; criminal actions, last Tues
day in July and November; Franklin Co., at Farmington, last Tuesday in March and 4th Tues
day in September; Hancock Co., at Ellsworth, 4th Tuesday in April and October; Itennebec Co.,
at Augusta, 1st Tuesday in March and August, and 3d Tuesday in October ; Knox Co., at Rock-
land, 2d Tuesday in March, and 4th Tuesday in September; Lincoln C'o.,atWiscasset, 1st Tues
day in April, and 4th Tuesday in October; Oxford Co., at Paris, 2d Tuesday in March and 3d
Tuesday in September ; Penobscot Co., at Bangor, civil actions, 1st Tuesday in January and
April, and 3d Tuesday in October; criminal actions, 1st Tuesday in February, and 2d Tuesday
in August ; Piscataquis Co., at Dover, last Tuesday in February, and 3d Tuesday in September ;
Sagadahoc Co., at Bath, 1st Tuesday in April, and 3d Tuesday in August and December, (De
cember term for civil actions only) ; Somerset Co., at Norridgcwock, 3d Tuesday in March arid
September ; Waldo Co., at Belfast. 3d Tuesday in April and October; Washington Co., at Ma-
chias, 4th Tuesday in April, and 3d Tuesday in October ; York Co., at Saco, 1st Tuesday in Jan
uary ; at Alfred, 4th Tuesday in April, and 3d Tuesday in September.
FINANCES.
Balance in the Treasury, January 1, 1867,
Amount received during the year 1867,
Total in the Treasury, -
Amount paid out, -
Cash on hand December 31, 1867, -
$232,192.49
1,604,673.84
>1,836,866.33
51,628,024.32
208,842.01
CHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE.
Payments by the United States. . .. $209,144.35 Bank tax $4,287.50
State and County taxes 1,340,566.67 School Fund andEduca'nal Purposes. 31,148.92
Interest and Licenses 5,232.95 Miscellaneous 5,293.45
Public Debt
Public Debt Interest
Sinking Fund
Soldiers'1 Pensions
Other payments for soldiers
Insane Paupers
Reform School
State Prison . . .
EXPENDITURES.
....$37,000.00 Salaries $46,000.00
.... 308,000.00 Legislative expenses 39,000.00
.... 47,000.00 State Constabulary 10,000.00
. . . . 40,000.00 Printing. 15,000.00
.... 27,000.00 School Fund 51,500.00
.... 20,000.00 Miscellaneous 135,000.54
18.000.00 Interest uncalled for 21,645.00
.... 10,000.00 Warrants unpaid 28,275.98
RESOURCES OF THE STATE.
Cash in the Treasury January 1,1868 , $208,842.01
Balance due on State taxes to 1866, inclusive 841,723.76
Securities in the Land Office— Bills receivable $2-8,438.76
" " " School Fund... ...40,394.25
$68,833.01
$1,119,398.78
1869.] MAINE. 355
LIABILITIES OF THE STATE.
Public Debt $5,090,500.00 Interest due and uncalled for $21,645.00
Trust Funds held by the State .... 1,239,680.73 Warrants drawn and unpaid 28,275.98
Balance due on sundry accounts. . . 42,074.15 Amount due on county taxes 4,582.40
Total * $6,426,764.26
STATE DEBT.
The Public Debt of Maine at the commencement of the war, wag $699,500. The balance of
this?, January 1, 1868, was about $458,000, from $30,000 to $60,000 of which falls due and is paid
each year.
The war debt on the first of January, 1868, amounted to $4,632,500, of which $800,000 matures
in 1871. To provide for this, the State has a sinking fund of $123,775 a year, which in 1868
amounted to $330,855. It has also $209,144 collected from the general Government for the same
purpose, and other funds already provided, amounting in the aggregate, January 1868, to $627,-
550, leaving as the actual indebtedness of the State on the war account, at that time, $4,000,000.
The war indebtedness matures as follows :
In 1871 $800,000 1880 $475,000 1883 $525,000 1889 $2,832,500
EDUCATION.
There are in Maine two colleges, Bowdoin and Waterville ; one Theologi
cal Seminary, and nearly seventy Academies and private Seminaries, besides
the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, which has been recently es
tablished and has only a portion of its buildings completed.
The Superintendent of Common Schools has the general supervision of
Public Schools, and reports annually to the Governor of the State. The
local supervision is in the hands of town school committees, who visit the
schools and report annually their general progress and particular condition.
There are two Normal Schools in the State ; the first or Western State
Normal School was opened at Farmington, August 24, 1864. The Legisla
ture, in 1867, provided for the purchase of the buildings of the Farmington
Academy, in which the school had been conducted from its organization, and
has thus secured for it a permanent and desirable home. The Eastern Nor
mal School was opened in 1867 at Castine. Both have received the com
mendation of the Governor and the Superintendent of Common Schools.
Public Schools. Number of towns, 405 ; school districts, 3,843 ; parts of districts, .339 ;
number of persons between 4 and 21 years of age, 212,309; number registered in summer schools,
110,936; average attendance. 85,965 ; registered in winter schools, 129,848; average attendance,
99.690 ; average attendance for summer and winter, 92,827 ; number in winter who did not at
tend in summer, 20.708; ratio of attendance to whole number of scholars, .44; average length
of schools in weeks and days, summer 9.1; winter 9.0; sum of average, 18.1. Number of
school houses in the State, 3,782 ; number reported in good condition, 2,065 ; number built with
in the year, 79 ; cost of the same, $323,581.13.
Number of teachers in winter— males, 1,857; females, 2,042; in summer— males, 71 ; females,
3.781. Wages of male teachers per month, besides board, $28.78 ; of female teachers per week,
besides board, $2.71.
School money raised by taxation, $518,292.97; excess above requirement of law, $91,a35,97.
Average amount raised per scholar, $2.26. Amount of permanent school fund December 31,
$244.121.53 ; income of same apportioned to schools, $13,244.14 ; bank tax apportioned to schools,
$4.475.00; amount derived from local funds, $14,179.25; contributed to prolong public schools,
$15,316.93. Amount paid to private schools, academies, &c., within the State, $40.614.33;
amount paid for same out of the State, $6,428 ; paid for repairs, fuel, &c., $71,511.06. Aggregate
expenditure for school purposes, $936,131.75.
356 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The Hospital for the Insane, at Augusta, was first opened in October 1840.
It is visited monthly by committees of trustees, who at their visits see every
patient, and examine into the condition of the halls and dormitories, and the
general management of the Hospital.
The State Reform School, at Cape Elizabeth, has been in operation since
November 14, 1853. In addition to the ordinary employment of the boys
in shops and on the farm, a considerable number work at brick and tile
making, which has been found a convenient and profitable occupation for
them. The Legislature, in 1867, provided for a report on the subject of an
Industrial School for girls. Hon. George B. Barrows, the commissioner under
the resolution, after careful investigation of the wants of this class in the
State, and inquiries as to the success and operations of Industrial Schools in
other States and countries, in 1868 made a full report to the Governor, recom
mending the establishment of such a school in Maine.
Insane Hospital, Augusta. HENRY M. HARLOW, Superintendent. Number of patients
in the hospital, December 1,1866 — males, 133; females, 143; total, 276. Admitted during the
year — males, 89 ; females, 61 ; total, 150. Whole number under treatment during the year —
males, 222 ; females, 204 ; total, 426. Number of patients discharged during the year — males,
78; females, 45; total, 120* — recovered, 54; improved, 27; unimproved, 11'. Number died
during the year — males, 19 ; females, 12 ; total, 31. Civil condition of those admitted — married,
70; unmarried, 64 ; widowed, 16. Causes of insanity — ill health, 39; intemperance, 21 ; do
mestic affliction, 10 ; over exertion, 8 ; epilepsy, 8 ; unknown, 27 ; miscellaneous, 37. Whole
number admitted since the opening of the institution, 3,194; discharged, 2,891; recovered,
1,310; improved, 566 ; unimproved, 506 ; died, 509.
State Reform School, Cape Elizabeth. E. W. WOODBURY, Superintendent. Number of
boys in the school December 1, 1866, 169 ; committed during the year, 65 ; apprentices returned,
16; total received during the year, 81 ; whole number in school during the year, 442. Of these,
were discharged or apprenticed, 53 ; allowed to leave on trial, 4 ; violated trust, 3 ; escaped, 10 ;
remanded, 1 ; died, 2; total, 73. Remaining, November 30, 1867, 169. Whole number of boys
received since the opening of the school, 1,0-17, of whom were committed by the Supreme Judi
cial Court, 104 ; by municipal courts, 360; by police, 178 ; by trial justices, 305. Discharged on
expiration of sentence, 201 ; by Trustees, 284 ; indentured, 248; allowed to leave on trial, 26 ;
allowed to enlist, 19 ; illegally committed, 3; remanded, 10: pardoned, 6; escaped, 30; violated
trust, 8 ; died, 12; delivered to court, 3 ; returned to masters, 3.
STATE PRISON.
The State Prison was enlarged in 1867, to make room for the increasing
number of convicts. The old wing was removed and a new wing built 110
feet long and 47 feet wide. Three houses and lots were also bought for resi
dences for the officers. The reports of the Warden and Inspectors for the
year 1867, give the following statistics :
State Prison, Thomaston. W. W. RICE, Warden. Whole number of convicts, November
30, 1866, 135; number received during the year, 56; number discharged,— by expiration of sen
tence, 22; pardoned, 16; died, 2; escaped, 1 ; removed to jails, 22; total discharged, 63. Re
maining November 30, 1867, 128. Of these, there were committed— for larceny, 56 ; burglary,
18; murder, 14; assault to kill, 5; robbery, 6; miscellaneous, 29; total, 128. Whole number
received since opening of the institution, 1,724. There have been discharged— on expiration
of sentence, 1,100; on writ of error, 1 ; pardoned, 390; died, 54; removed to Insane Hospital,
7; removed to Alfred and Wiscasset jails, sentences commuted, 4 ; removed to jails by Warden,
22; escaped and not retaken, 18; total, 1,596.
Estimated expenses for the year 1868 : Expense account, $1,200 ; clothing, $2,000 ; fuel and
lights, $2,000; subsistence, $7,000; convicts discharged, $500; transporting convicts, $350;
officers1 salaries, $11,550; total, $24,600. Probable income, $24,600.
1869.] MAINE. 357
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
There is no stated time for a census in Maine, and we have no means of as
certaining the present number of inhabitants, but it was estimated by the
Governor in his last annual address in 1868, at 650,000. The population has
been largely of English or New England origin, but emigration from Europe
and the British North American provinces, has of late been directed more
to this State. The aggregate population at each decade from 1790 to 1860,
was as follows:
Inc. per cent. Inc. per cent.
1790.. .96,540 1830 399,455 33.89
1800 151,719 57.16 1840 501,793 25.62
1810 223,705 50.74 1850 5&3,169 16.22
1820 298,335 30.45 1860 628,279 7.74
Of the population, in 1860, 560,030 were born in the State ; 29,796 in other States ; 37,453 in for
eign countries, of whom 2,677 were born in England ; 15,290 in Ireland; 759 in Scotland; 88 in
Wales ; 17,540 in British America; 384 in Germany ; 120 in France, and 36,858 in other foreign
countries. In the leading pursuits, 64,843 were farmers, 18,734 laborers, 15,865 farm laborers,
13,371 servants, 11,375 mariners, 7,087 factory hands, 5,209 teachers, 4,952 carpenters, 4,607 fish
ermen, 4,584 shoemakers, 3,032 merchants, 2,777 blacksmiths, &c.
The peculiar situation of this State, its extensive forests, and great length
of coast indented by bays and inlets, with a larger number of good harbors
than any other State in the Union, ha's furnished special facilities for the
pursuit of the lumber business and ship building. It is estimated that 200,-
000,000 feet of lumber had been surveyed prior to the establishment of the
office of Surveyor General in 1832. More than 3,000,000,000 of feet of long
lumber have been surveyed since, the amount in 1866 being 237,147,006 feet,
besides staves, laths, clapboards, pickets, &c. In 1860, 737 saw mills em
ployed over $4,049,608 and 4,400 hands, producing lumber valued at $6,598,865.
Various causes, some of them national rather than local, have depressed
the interests of ship building. The State for many years furnished one-third
of the tonnage of the United States. The number of vessels built in 1860
was 172, a greater number than in any other State except New York, and
the tonnage, 57,867, was even greater than that.
The statistics gathered by the Hydrographic survey, though not yet com
plete, give 1,900 water powers from 20 to 20,000 horse power each, making
an aggregate of about 400,000 horse power. Though not so extensively en
gaged in manufactures as some of the other New England States, there were
in 1860, 3,810 manufacturing establishments, each producing $5,000 and up
wards annually, of which 19 were cotton factories, employing $6,018,325
capital and 6,764 hands, and producing goods valued at $6,235,623.
In some parts of the State agriculture is successfully conducted, with re
turns satisfactory to the agriculturist. The railroad interests have already
contributed to the increase of commerce in the principal seaports, and sev
eral new railroads now building or contemplated, will when completed fur
nish increased facilities and add to the wealth of the State.
Products, 1866. Bushels of corn, 1,624,239; wheat, 193,150; rye, 156,649; oats, 2,653,626;
barley, 742,619 ; potatoes, 6,146,725 ; hay, 957,772 tons.
Banks. September 30, 1868, there were Cl National Banks, with $9,085,000 capital.
Railroads. There are six hundred and thirty-two miles of railroads which cost $22,466,124.
358 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
15. MARYLAND.
Capital, Annapolis. Area, 11,124 square miles. Population, 687,049.
This state was settled at St. Mary, in 1G34, by Roman Catholics under
Cecil and Leonard Calvert. It was one of the original thirteen states, formed
a constitution, August 14, 1776, and ratified the constitution of the United
States, April 28, 1788.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAMES. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor ODEN BOWIE Prince George's Co $4,500
Secretary of State RICHARD C. HOLLYDAT Talbot Co 2,000
Treasurer ROBERT FOWLER Baltimore Co 2,500
Comptroller WM. J. LEONARD Wicomoco Co 2,500
Commissioner of Land Office GEO. L. L. DAVIS Baltimore City 1,500
Adjutant General JOHN S. BERRY Baltimore Co 2,000
Attorney General ISAAC D. JONES Baltimore City 3,000
State Librarian HENRY A. SILVER Baltimore City 1,500
Supt. of Labor and Agriculture WM. S. MCPHERSON Frederick Co 2,500
The executive power of the state is vested in a Governor chosen by the
legal voters of the state, for four years and until a successor shall be
qualified. The last election for governor was held in November, 1867. In
case of the death, resignation, removal or disqualification of the governor,
the General Assembly must elect some other qualified person. In case of any
vacancy during the recess of the Legislature, the President of the Senate is
to discharge the duties of the office until a governor is elected.
The Secretary of State, Commissioner of the Land Office, Adjutant
General, and State Librarian are appointed by the Governor, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, and continue in office during the offic
ial term of the governor, unless removed by him. The Treasury Department
consists of a Comptroller chosen by the qualified electors of the state and a
Treasurer appointed by the legislature, both to hold office for two years.
The Attorney General and the Superintendent of Labor and Agriculture
are chosen in the same manner and at the same time as the governor, and the
term of office is the same. The official residence of the above named officers
is at Annapolis.
Each of the 21 counties in the state and each of the three Legislative Dis
tricts of Baltimore City is entitled to one Senator, 24 in all. The House of
Delegates is composed of 86 members, 18 from the city of Baltimore, and 68
from the different counties, apportioned by the constitution partly according
to population, but limiting the city of Baltimore and larger counties. Sena
tors are elected for four years, and Delegates for two years, but the present
senate is divided into two classes, the term of office of the first class will
terminate in 1869, and half the Senate will be elected biennially with the
House of Delegates in the years intervening between those in which elec
tions for representatives in Congress are held. Persons holding any office
under the United States, and ministers of the Gospel are not eligible to
either house.
The General Assembly meets once in two years on the first Wednesday in
January, 1870, &c., and may continue for a period not longer than ninety
1869.] MARYLAND. 359
days. The pay of Senators and Delegates is $5 per day for each day's atten
dance, and mileage, at the rate of 20 cents per mile. The presiding officer
of each house receives an additional compensation of $3 per day.
Every white male citizen of the United States of the age of 21 years or
upwards, who has resided in the state one year, and in the Legislative Dis
trict or County in which he offers to vote, for six months, is entitled to vote.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court of Appeals, Circuit
Courts of the Counties, the various Courts of Baltimore City, Orphans' Courts,
and Justices of the Peace. The Judges must be citizens of the State of
Maryland, and have resided therein not less than five years, and not less than
six months next preceding their election or appointment in the Judicial Cir
cuit for which they may be elected or appointed ; they must be not less than
thirty years of age at the time of their election, and be selected from those
who have been admitted to practice law in this state, and who are most dis
tinguished for integrity, wisdom, and sound legal knowledge.
The Court of Appeals is composed of the Chief Judges of the first seven
of the several Judicial Circuits of the state, and a Judge from the City of
Baltimore specially elected thereto. The Governor by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate designates the Chief Justice.
The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction only, which is co-exten
sive with the limits of the state. Four of the Judges constitute a quorum ;
no cause can be decided without the concurrence of at least three ; but the
Judge who heard the cause below must not participate in the decision.
The state is divided into eight Judicial Circuits, namely: The counties of Worcester, Somer
set, Wicomico, and Dorchester, constitute the First Circuit ; Caroline, Talbot, Queen Ann's,
Kent, and Cecil, the second; Baltimore and Harford the third; Allegany and Washington, the
fourth; Carrol, Iloward, and Anne Arundel, the fifth; Montgomery and Frederick, the sixth;
Prince George's, Charles Calvert, and Saint Mary's, the seventh ; and Baltimore City, the eighth.
In each of said circuits (excepting the eighth) there must be a Chief Judge and two Associate
Judges, styled Judges of the Circuit Court. In the Eighth Circuit there are six courts, styled the
Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, the Superior Court of Baltimore City, the Court of Common
Pleas of Baltimore City, the Baltimore City Court, the Circuit Court of Baltimore City, and the
Criminal Court of Baltimore City.
The Judges of the Judicial Circuits are elected by the qualified voters of their respective
circuits. The term of office is fifteen years or until the Judge shall have attained the age of
seventy years. The Clerks are elected by the people and hold their office for six years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. District Judge, William P. Giles. District Attorney, A. S.
Ridgely. Marshal, Wm. Bonifant. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, James W. Chew.
COURT OF APPEALS.
CMef Judge, James L. Bartol, Baltimore. $3,500. The other Judges are the Chief Judges of
the first seven Judicial Circuits following. Clerk, James S. Franklin, Anne Arundel Co.,
$3,000. Reporter, J. Shorff Stockett, Annapolis, $500 and copyright of reports.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
\st Circuit— Chief Judge, James A. Stewart, Cambridge. Associate Judges, Worcester Co.,
John R. Franklin, Snow Hill; Somerset Co., Levin T. H. Irving, Princess Anne.
2d Circuit— Chief Judge, John M. Robinson, Centerville. Associate Judges, Kent Co., Joseph
A. Wickes, Chestertown ; Caroline Co., Frederick Stump, Elkton.
360 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
3<Z Circuit— Chief Judge, Richard Grason, Towsontown. Associate Judges, Baltimore Co.,
George Yellott, Towsontown , Ilarford Co., Alfred W. Bateman, Belair.
4th Circuit— Chief Judge, Richard H. Alvey, Hagerstown. Associate Judges, Washington Co.,
William Motter, Hagerstown ; Allegany Co., Thomas Perry, Cumberland.
5th Circuit — Chief Judge, Oliver Miller, Annapolis. Associate Judges, Howard Co., Edward
Hammond, Ellicott City ; Carroll Co., William N. Hayden, Westminster.
6th Circuit — Chief Judge, Madison Nelson, Frederick City. Associate Judges, Frederick Co.,
John A. Lynch, Frederick City, Montgomery Co., William Viero Bouie, Frederick City.
1th Circuit — Chief Judge, George Brent, Port Tobacco. Associate Judges, CalvertCo., Daniel
R. Magruder, Prince Frederick ; St. Mary's Co., Robert Ford, Leonardtown.
BALTIMORE CITY COURT.
Supreme Bench — Chief Judge, T. Parkin Scott, assigned to the Baltimore City Court. Asso
ciate Judges, George W. Dobbin, assigned to the Superior Court. Campbell W. Pinkney, as
signed to the Circuit Court (Equity). Henry F. Garey, assigned to the Court of Common
Pleas. Robert Gilmore, Jr., assigned to the Criminal Court.
Clerks— Superiw Court, George Robinson; Circuit Court, James R. Brewer; Court of Com
mon Pleas, I. Freeman Rasin ; Criminal Court, William F. McKewen.
TERMS OF COURTS.
The Court of Appeals holds its sessions in the city of Annapolis on the first Monday in April
and October.
The Circuit Courts are held as follows :
Allegany County, at Cumberland, 1st Monday in January, 2d Monday in April, and 1st Mon
day in October. Anne Arundel County, at Annapolis, 3d Monday of April, and 4th Monday of
October. Baltimore County, at Towsontown, 1st Monday in March, 3d Monday in May, 4th
Monday in August, and 1st Monday in December. Calvert County, at Prince Frederick. 2d
Monday in May, and 2d Monday in October. Carolina County, at Denton, 2d Monday in March,
and 1st Monday in October. Carroll County, at Westminster, 2d Monday in May, and 2d Mon
day in November. Cecil County, at Elkton, 2d Monday in January, 1st Monday in April, and 3d
Monday in September. Charles County, at Port Tobacco, 1st Monday in May, and 1st Mon
day in December. Dorchester County, at Cambridge, 4th Monday in January, April and July,
and 2d Monday in November. Frederick County, at Frederick City, 2d Monday in February,
and 3d Monday in October. Ilarford County, at Bel Air. 2d Monday in May, and 2d Monday in
November. Howard County, at Ellicott City, 3d Monday in March, and 1st Monday in Septem
ber. Kent County, at Chestertown, 3d Monday in April, and 3d Monday in October. Montgom
ery County, at Rockville, 1st Monday in February, and 2d Monday in August. Prince George's
County, at Upper Marlboro, 1st Monday in April, and 1st Monday in November. Queen Anne's
County, at Centerville, 1st Monday in May and November. St. Mary's County, at Leonardtown,
3d Monday in March and November. Somerset County, at Princess Anne, 2d Monday in January
and July, and 1st Monday in April and October. Talbot County, at Easton, 3d Monday in May
and November. Washington County, at Hagerstown, 1st Monday in March, 4th Monday in July,
and 2d Monday in November. Wicomico County, courts to be held at Salisbury, but terms not
yet established by the General Assembly. Worcester County, at Snow Hill, 3d Monday in Jan
uary, May, July and October.
FINANCES.
Balance on hand, September 30, 18G6, - $367,816.36
Receipts on sundry accounts, - - 2,362,876.88
Total, - - - $2,730,693.24
Disbursements on sundry accounts, - 2,573,855.24
Balance on hand September 30, 1867, - $156,838.00
CHIEF SOURCES OP REVENUE.
Auction duties $11,986.28 Northern Central R. R. Co $00,000.00
Bank Stocks, Dividends and bales . . 50,866.54 State Scales 8,099.31
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co 490,121.28 State Tobacco Inspections 55,050.41
1869.] MARYLAND. 361
Bounty to volunteers— repayments. . .79,050.00 Southern Relief Fund Invested in pro-
Government House— proceeds of sale.25,000.00 ceeds of Ag. College Scrip 100,000.00
Fines and Forfeitures 5,119.51 Susquehanna and Tide Water Canal
Grain Inspections 5,996.93 Company 60,000,00
Interest on Personal Accounts 2,958.35 Taxes 714,950.70
Land Office 2,155.12 Miscellaneous 20,533.17
Land Scrip for Agricultural College .112,504.00 Balance September 30, 1866 367,816.36
Licenses 428,486.28
Loans— temporary 100,000.00 $2,730,093.24
DISBURSEMENTS.
Annapolis and Elk Ridge R. R $2,940.45 House of Refuge 15,000.00
Asylum for the Blind 15,000.00 Interest on the Public Debt 732,129.27
Antietam National Cemetery 3,000.00 Judiciary 60,631.22
Ag. College Scrip 100,000.00 Legislature 158,755.43
Bounty to volunteers, &c 335,397.56 Maryland Penitentiary 23,000.00
Contingent Funds of State Officers ... 33,868.52 Public School Tax 406,832.55
Colleges 28,650.00 Southern Relief Fund 100,000.00
Convention— expenses of 109,535.33 State Ag. College 21,000.00
Civil Officers— salaries of 24,170.83 Miscellaneous 312,191.23
Deaf and Dumb 6,450.00 Balance in Treasury September 30,
Defence Loan 27.905.52 1867 156,838.00
Disabled Soldiers Home 5,003.00
Eastern Shore R. R. and Corporation.52,397.33 $2,730,693.24
STATE DEBT.
The total debt of the state, October, 1868, was $11,712,190.45; amount
of stocks held for sinking fund, $1,591,509.71 ; other dividend paying stocks,
$5,547,470 ; total, $7,137,979.71 ; unproductive stocks and balances due from
accounting officers, $20,601,926.86.
EDUCATION.
The colleges which receive State donations, are St. John's, Annapolis;
Washington, Kent County; the Agricultural, Prince George County;* Balti
more Female College, in Baltimore city. Most of them were suspended dur
ing the late civil war, but they have been re-organized and are now extend
ing their means of influence. St. John's College was re-opened, September
18, 1866, with about sixty students. It has a well defined and comprehen
sive course of study, and offers peculiar advantages to students from the
State. The number is gradually increasing.
The general supervision of Public Schools is committed to the Principal
of the State Normal School, who is elected by a Board of the Normal School
Trustees, appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate.
There is a Board of County School Commissioners, composed o'f one Com
missioner for each election district, chosen by the people. The commission
ers have power to divide the counties into school districts, to levy and collect
taxes for school purposes, and establish schools of different grades. Two
trustees are elected annually in each school district, who, with the school
commissioners of the election district in which the school house is situated,
constitute a School District Board which has the care and control of all
houses and lands connected therewith, intended for school purposes, within
the limits of their respective districts. The County School Commissioners
362 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
appoint County Examiners, who examine teachers and give certificates of two
grades to continue in force not longer than three years.
The State Normal School was opened January 15, 1866, with 11 students;
the first term closed with 48, the second with 71, the third with 93, and 110
were in attendance the fifth term. In September, 1866, a Model School was
established in connection with it.
A Teachers' Institute, to continue five days may be held during vacation
in each county once a year, and the County Examiner must be present, and
give normal instruction to the teachers each day.
Common Schools. Whole number of schools, 1,279; increase, 30; whole number of
pupils in attendance— boys. 40,168 ; girls, 30,892 ; total, 71,000; increase. 6,267 ; average attend
ance— boys, 28,379 ; girls, 21,409; increase, 6,138; different teachers— males, 892; females, 666;
total, 1,558; increase. 25; average number of teachers — males, 740; females, 542; total, 1,282;
increase, 132. Average number of schools, 1,205; increase, 114; number of mouths schools
were open, 9.
Amount paid for teachers' salaries, $405,257.62; increase, $48,577.12; amount paid for inciden
tal expenses, $28,080.85; decrease, $1,656.24; amount paid for rent of school houses, $2,866.42;
increase, $277.10. Total cost of schools, $436,204.89 ; increase, $47,197.98 ; cost of each differ
ent pupil. $6.14; cost of each average pupil, 9 months, $8.74. Whole number of school houses
reported, 1,264; increase, 45; whole number of school houses built, 45; increase, 28; school
houses in good condition, 390; in ordinary condition, 448; in bad condition, 354; condition not
reported, 72; well furnished, 251 ; badly furnished, 911 ; not reported, 102; provided with maps
and globes, 139.
Receipts from State 15 cent, tax for 1866 and arrearages of 1866, $296,550.68 ; state free school
fund, $62,675.98; state donations to public schools, $15,300.00; interest on permanent funds,
$16,049.58 ; local tax in counties, $92,032.94; other sources, $14,652.59; balance in the treasuries
July 31, 1866, $33,198.89 ; total, $530,460.66. Number of pupils studying each branch as reported
—spelling, 46,255 ; reading, 40,005 ; writing, 82,588 ; arithmetic, 29,119 ; geography, 18,881 ; English
grammar, 10,591 ; history, 5,960 ; book-keeping, 486 ; algebra, 500 ; natural philosophy, 1,099 ;
botany, 68 ; rhetoric and composition, 168 ; vocal music, 1,000 ; geometry, 14 ; Latin, 83 ; Greek. 7.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Maryland Hospital for the Insane at Baltimore is under the supervision
of a Board of Visitors, composed of one member for each county.
The Penitentiary has within the last two years secured increased accommo
dations by the erection of additional buildings, but is still cramped in its
means of usefulness for the want of greater facilities.
Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Baltimore. JOHN FONERDEN, M. D., Medical Su
perintendent. Number of patients in hospital Jan. 1, 1867— males, 61; females, 40; total, 101.
Admitted during the year— males, 87 ; females, 28 ; total, 115. Discharged— recovered, GO ; im
proved, 21 ; unimproved, 6 ; died, 16 ; total, 103. Remaining January 1, 1868— males, 64 ; females,
49; total, 113. Of these 52 are paying, and 61 public patients.
Maryland Penitentiary, Baltimore. JOHN W. HORN, Warden. Number of prisoners,
November 30, 1866, 636. Received during the year, 367. Discharged— by expiration of sentence,
199; by pardon, 108: died, 15; escaped, 2; total, 324. Remaining November 30, 1867, 679. Of
those received during the year— white males, 141 ; white females, 3 ; colored males, 175 ; colored
females, 48; total, 367. Occupation — farm hands, 192; laborers, 181; waiters, 29; sailors. 23;
houseservants, 67; shoemakers, 13; clerks, 12; barbers, 9; soldiers, 8; miscellaneous, 145;
total, 679. Cause of commitment — larceny, 285; stealing, 119; assaults with various intents,
54; burglary, 29; horse stealing, 26; arson, 16; felony, 14; murder, 13; robbery, 11; murder in
1st degree, 6 ; murder in 2d degree, 25 ; miscellaneous, 81 ; total, 679. Term of sentence — 1 year
and less, 68 ; between 1 and 3 years, 191 ; 3 and 5 years, 143 ; 5 and 7 years, 110 ; 7 and 10 years,
69; 10 and 15 years, 54 ; 15 and 20 years, 27; 20 and 38 years, 13; life, 9; total, 679. Age— be
tween 12 and 20, 178 ; 20 and 25, 223 ; 25 and 30, 120 ; 30 and 40, 101 ; 40 and 50, 42 ; 50 and 70, 15 ;
total, 679. Habits— strictly temperate, 161 ; moderate drinkers, 34 ; occasionally intemperate,
1869.] MARYLAND. 353
481 ; habitually intemperate, 3 ; total, 679. Grade of education— can read and write, 224 ; can
only read, 74 ; cannot read or write, 381 ; total, 679.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The early settlers of Maryland were principally from England and Ireland,
and a few from Scotland. The freedom of worship, and the peaceable rela
tions existing between the emigrants and the Indians, contributed to the
prosperity of the colony. The population at different periods was as
follows :
Whites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Increase per cent.
1790 208,649 8,043 103,036 319,728
1800 216,326 19,587 105,635 341,548 6.82
1810 235,117 33,927 111,502 380,546 11.42
1820 260,223 39,730 107,397 407,350 7.04
1830 291,108 52,9:38 102.994 447,040 9.74
1840 318,204 62,078 89,737 470,019 5.14
1850 417,943 74,723 90,368 583,034 24.04
1860 315,918 83,942 87,189 687,049 17.84
The United States Census of 1860 shows that 137,258 natives of Maryland
were then residing in other states, and 40,694 natives of other states were
residents of Maryland. The native population was 88.72 per cent, and the
foreign 11.28, of which 6.39 per cent, was German, but in the city of Balti
more the proportion of foreign population was nearly 25 per cent. The es
tablishment of a line of steamers between Baltimore and Bremen it is believed
will facilitate the immigration of Germans. The introduction of slaves from
abroad was prohibited in 1783 ; and in 1860 there were 87,189 slaves in the
state, and 83,942 free colored persons. The number of the latter class has
since been increased by immigration from Virginia and the District of
Columbia.
The soil and climate of Maryland are favorable for the production of wheat,
Indian corn and other grains, fruits and tobacco ; in 1860 it was the fourth
state in the amount of the latter product, and in the amount in proportion
to the number of acres of cultivated land no state surpassed it except Ken
tucky. Baltimore has long been celebrated for the excellence of its flour
and the manufacture of this article is an important branch of industry.
Fruit is raised in large quantities and forwarded to the Northern markets.
The Iron and coal mines are worked with profit, and in some portions of the
state other minerals contribute to wealth.
The commerce of Baltimore is annually increasing. The exports of grain,
flour, tobacco, and other products employ a large number of vessels. About
5,000,000 bushels of oysters are annually taken to this city and put up for
exportation. More than 16,000,000 cans of fruit, oysters, and vegetables, are
prepared for market every year. The value of this trade is upwards of f 5,-
250,000.
Products for 1866. Indian Corn, 15,024,176 bushels, value, $13,972,483; wheat, 4,383,708
bushels, value, $12,882,101; rye, 476,770 bushels, value. $553,053; potatoes. 1,401,832 bushels,
value, $1.121,4155; tobacco, 29,963,672 pounds, value, $3,086,258; hay, 181,341 tons, value, $3,675,-
782; oats, 7,056,145 bushels, value, $3,880,880.
Banks. There are 32 National Banks with capital amounting, September 30, 1868, to
$12,790,202.50.
364 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
16. MASSACHUSETTS.
Capital, Boston. Area, 7,800 square miles. Population, (1865), 1,267,031.
This State includes the original colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay ;
the former was settled at Plymouth, in 1620, and the latter at Salem, in 1628.
The colonies remained under separate governments until united by the char
ter of 1688. Massachusetts was one of the original thirteen States, adopted a
constitution in 1780, and ratified the constitution of the United States in 1788.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor WILLIAM CLAFLIN Newton $5,000
Lieutenant Governor JOSEPH TUCKER Lenox *
Secretary OLIVER WARNER Northampton 2,500
Treasurer and Receiver General JACOB LOUD Plymouth 3,000
Auditor HENRY S. BRIGGS Pittsfield 2,500
Attorney General CHARLES ALLEN Boston 3,500
Sec. Hoard Education JOSEPH WHITE Williamstown 3,000
Sec. Board Agriculture CHARLES L. FLINT Boston 2,500
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
DISTRICT. NAME. RESIDENCE. DISTRICT. NAME. RESIDENCE.
First M. S. UNDERWOOD... Dennis. Fifth — ROLAND G. USHER — Lynn.
Second . . .CHARLES ENDICOTT. .Canton. Sixth THOMAS TALBOT Billerica.
Third THOMAS RICB, JR Newton. Seventh ..CHARLES ADAMS, Jr. .N. Brookfield.
Fourth... OTIS NORCROSS Boston. Eighth.. .HORATIO G. KNIGHT.. Easthampton.
MASSACHUSETTS STATE MILITIA.
Gov. and Command^r-in- Chief WILLIAM CLAFLIN Newton.
Major General BENJAMIN F. BUTLER Gloucester.
Adjutant and Inspector General JAMES A. CUNNINGHAM Boston.
Assistant Adjutant General NEHEMIAH BROWN Boston.
Quartermaster General JOHN H. REED Boston.
Deputy (Quartermaster General SAMUEL E. CHAMBERLAIN Cambridge.
Surgeon General WILLIAM J. DALE Andovcr.
Assistant Surgeon General ANSON P. HOOKER Cambridge.
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, and
Attorney General are chosen by the legal voters of the State on the Tuesday after
the first Monday in November, annually, and hold office one year from the
first Wednesday in January. Eight councilors, one from each council district,
the senators, 40 in number, and representatives, 240 in number, are chosen at
the same time as the Governor, and hold office for one year. The Senate and
House of Representatives constitute the Legislature, styled the " General
Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts."
The pay of Councilors is $5 for each day's attendance, and $2 for every ten
miles of travel. The pay of Senators and Representatives, $5 for each day's
attendance at the session, and $1 for every five miles of travel from place of
abode. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House receive $10
for each day's attendance.
Every male citizen, 21 years of age, able to read the constitution in the
English language, and write his name, who has resided in the State one year,
* For attendance at sessions of Executive Councils, $10 a day, an'd $1 for every live miles
travel from place of abode.
1869.] MASSACHUSETTS. 355
and in his election district six months, and has paid a tax within two years,
is entitled to vote. Paupers and persons under guardianship are excluded.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Judicial Court consists of one Chief Justice and five Asso
ciate Justices. It has exclusive cognizance of all capital crimes, and exclusive
chancery jurisdiction so far as chancery powers are conferred by statute, and
concurrent original jurisdiction of all civil cases where the amount in dispute
exceeds $4,000 in Suffolk county, and $1,000 in the other counties.
The Superior Court consists of a Chief Justice and nine Associate Justices.
It has civil jurisdiction in all cases where the amount in controversy exceeds
$20, and criminal jurisdiction in all, except capital cases. The judges of both
courts arc appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of
the Council, and hold their offices during good behavior.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Nathan Clifford. District Judge, John Lowell. District Attorney, George S.
Hillard. Asst. District Attorneys, W. A. Field. II. D. Hyde. Marshal, George L. Andrews.
Deputy Marshals, J. B. Keyes, W. S. Cobb, S. W. Richardson. Clerk Circuit Court, John G.
Stetson. Clerk District Court, Seth E. Sprague.
SUPREME JUDICIAL COUR.T.
Chief Justice, Reuben A. Chapman, Springfield.
Associate Justices, Ebenezer R. Hoar, Concord ; Horace Gray, Jr., Boston ; Dwight Foster,
Boston ; John Wells, Chicopee ; James D. Colt, Pittsfield.
Reporter, Albert G. Browne, Jr., Boston. Clerk, George C. Wilde, Boston. Assistant Clerk,
George W. Nichols, Boston. Salary of Chief Justice, $5,500; of Associate Justices, $5,000.
SUPERIOR COURT.
Chief Justice, Seth Ames, Boston.
Associate Justices, Julius Rockwell, Pittsfield ; Otis P. Lord, Salem ; Marcus Morton, Andover ;
Ezra Wilkinson, Declham ; Henry Vose, Springfield ; John P. Putnam, Boston ; Lincoln F.
Brigham, New Bedford ; Chester J. Reed, Taunton ; Charles Devens, Jr., Worcester. Salary
of Chief Justice, $4,500; of each Associate Justice, $4,200.
DISTRICT ATTORNEYS.
Northern District, Isaac S. Morse, Lowell. Eastern District, Edgar J. Sherman, Law-
reuce. Southern District, George Marston, Barnstable. South Eastern District, Edward L.
Pierce, Milton. Middle District, William W. Rice, Worcester. Western District, Edward B.
Gillett, Westfield. North Western District, Samuel T. Spaulding, Northampton. Suffolk County,
J. Wilder May, Boston ; Assistant, Patrick R. Guiney.
Salary of Attorney for Suffolk County, $3,500 ; of Assistant, $2,100 ; of each of the others,
except in the North Western District, $1,500; in N. W. District, $1,000.
TERMS OF SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT.
For Barnstable and Dukes Counties, at Barnstable, 1st Tuesday of May; Berkshire Co., at
Lenox, 2cl Tuesday of May ; Bristol Co., at, New Bedford, 2d Tuesday of November, and at
Tannton, 3d Tuesday of April; Essex Co., at Salem, 3d Tuesday of April, and 1st Tuesday of
November; Franklin Co., at Greenfield, 2d Tuesday of April; Hampden Co., at Springfield,
4th Tuesday of April; Hampshire Co., at Northampton, 3d Tuesday of April; Middlesex Co.,
at Lowell, 3d Tuesday of April, and at Cambridge, 3d Tuesday of October ; Nantucket Co., at
Nantucket, Int Tuesday of July ; Norfolk Co., at Dedham, 3d Tuesday of February; Plymouth
Co., at Plymouth, 2d Tuesday of May ; Suffolk Co., at Boston, 1st Tuesday of October and April ;
Worcester Co., at Worcester, 2d Tuesday of April.
As the Supreme Judicial Court for the Commonwealth, it holds a law term in Boston on the
first Wednesday of January, in each year, which term may be adjourned from time to time, to
366 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
such places and times as may be most conducive to the dispatch of business, and the interests
of the public ; and all questions of law, whether arising upon appeal, exception, or otherwise,
and from whatever court, are therein entered and determined, if the same arise in either
of the following counties : Suffolk, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Bristol, Barnstable, Dukes,
or Nantucket.
Law terms of this court are also held, annually, for Berkshire Co., at Lenox, 2d Tuesday of
September; Hampden Co., at Springfield, 3d Monday after l««t Tuesday of September; Hamp
shire and Franklin Go's, at Northampton, Monday next after 2d Tuesday of September; Wor
cester Co., at Worcester, 4th Tuesday after 1st Monday of September; Plymouth Co., at Plym
outh, 3d Tuesday of October; Bristol Co., at Taunton. 4th Tuesday of October. On May 1,
1SG8, a law term was established at Salem, for 1st Tuesday of November, annually.
FINANCES.
Balance on hand, January 1st, 1868, - $2,363,895.67
Receipts on account of Ordinary Revenue, - 5,109,936.23
Receipts on account of Sundry Funds, - 10,921,320.69
$18,395,152.59
Payment on account of Ordinary Expenses, - - $5,908,678.48
Payment on account of Sundry Funds and Loans, 11,324,541.31
Cash on hand January 1st, 1869, - 1,161,932.80
$18,395,152,59
STATE DEBT.
The total debt of the Commonwealth on the first day of January, 1869,
was $27,735,870.05.
The debt may conveniently be classified as follows : The railroad debt,
the ante-war debt, the war debt, and the temporary debt. The amount of
these several classes of debt, January 1, 1869, was as follows :
The Railroad Debt $9,142.176.00
Ante- War Debt 1,092,000.00
War Debt 16,573.244.00
Temporary Debt 928,450.05
$27,735,870.05
The Railroad Debt is composed of the following :
The Western Railroad Debt $3,578,696.00
Eastern Railroad Debt 200,000.00
Norwich and Worcester Railroad Debt 400,000.00
Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad Debt 290,400.00
Troy and Greenfield R. R. and Hoosac Tunnel Debt 4,673,080.00
$9,143,176.00
By the Act of 1862, the principal and interest of all scrip or bonds of the
Commonwealth are required to be paid in gold or silver coin. This applies
to the whole funded debt, except the Massachusetts war loan of $3,505,000,
issued in 1866-7, which is a 6 per cent, currency 5-20 scrip.
CHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE.
ESTIMATE FOR
1866. 1867. 1868.
State Tax $3,000,000.00 $5,000,000.00
Savings Bank Tax 311,848.33 361,889.35 $370.000.00
Corporation Tax, net receipts 1,210,694.56 1,498,937.49 346,000.00
1869.] MASSACHUSETTS. 337
ESTIMATE FOB
1866. 1867. 1868.
Coal and Mining Companies' Tax $31,51)8.79 $31,292.61 $31,000.00
Semi- Annual Insurance Tax 113,103.28 121,188.31 121,000.00
Annual Tax on Insurance by Foreign Co's 64,566.92 80,355.82 80,000.00
Life Insurance Companies' Tax 5,631.96. 8,757.22 8,700.00
Courts of Insolvency Fees 8,047.96 8,019.00 8,000.00
Gas Light Companies' Tax 2,989.18 5,638.25 5,600.00
Alien Passengers 24,038.58 22,479.50 22,500.00
From Cities and Towns for Support of Paupers 6,214.59 .6,452.82 6,400.00
Alien Estates 3,907.24 657.01 1,000.00
Income from State Prison 90,260.32 118,011.10 25,000.00
Income from Reform Schools 18,735.36 23,517.02 23,500.00
Income from State Alms-houses 1,823.42 4,066.12 5,000.00
Secretary's Fees and Commissions 8,154.95 5.227.32 5,000.00
Income from Funds 161,828.26 208,677.92
Pedlers' Licenses 3,000.00 15,580.00 15,000.00
Interest on Deposits 29,203.08 42,633.74 40,000.00
Miscellaneous... ...203,936.39 42,261.87 15,000.00
$5,299,683.17 $7,605,642.47 $1,128,700.00
ORDINARY EXPENSES.
ESTIMATE FOB
1866. 1867. 1868.
Legislature $247,123.57 $284,860.65 $238,000.00
Executive Department 19,878.40 25,623.74 25,000.00
Secretary's Department 24,939.46 24,120.90 24,000.00
Treasurer's Department • 15,627.08 12,856.38 13,000.00
Tax Commissioner's Bureau 14,002.31 14,728.61 14,500.00
Auditor's Department 10,660.88 11,883.64 12,000.00
State House Expenses 20,433.95 12,041.01 30,500.00
State Printing 46,267.94 54,736.82 55,000.00
Judiciary 203,326.a5 194,849.14 213,600.00
Insurance Commissioner 2,579.71 14,160.63 23,500.00
Scientific 33,347.60 21,361.92 27,000.00
Charitable 391,482.26 424,752.63 440,000.00
Military 203,075.75 213,015.32 200,000.00
Reformatory and Correctional 330,075.22 371,207.69 250,000.00
Corporation Tax* 960,650.42 1,122,815.82
Miscellaneous 14,270.22 13,380.00 5.000.00
$2,537,741.62 $2,816.394.90 $1,571,100.00
Extraordinary and Exceptional Expenses 4,192,971.67 4,195,909.64
Total $6,730,713.29 $7,012,304.54
TRUST FUNDS OP THE COMMONWEALTH.
There are 17 different and distinct funds held by the Treasurer of the Com
monwealth. Of these, 9 are sinking funds established to secure the redemp
tion at maturity of certain classes of State scrip, to provide means for the
erection of buildings for charitable and correctional institutions ; the enlarge
ment of the State House ; the improvement of the Back Bay lands, (Boston),
and in aid of certain railroad enterprises. Five of the remaining funds are
for educational purposes, and two for the maintenance and support of bridges.
The amount of these funds, on the 1st of January, 1868, was |>10,948,192.44;
December 31, 1868, it was more than $12,000,000.
* Returned to cities and towns.
368 THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
EDUCATION.
This State has either by legislative action or private contributions and
efforts, established educational institutions of all grades and for all classes,
which are maintained with commendable liberality.
Harvard University, at Cambridge, the oldest college in the country, has,
besides its under-graduate course, faculties of divinity, law, medicine, philos
ophy, and science. The Lawrence Scientific School, founded through the
munificence of the late Hon. Abbott Lawrence, and connected with the Uni
versity, is amply endowed, and has the finest Museum of Scientific Zoology
in the country. There are five other incorporated colleges, and fifty-five
incorporated academies, many of which have a well-merited reputation for
excellence. The Law and Medical Schools of Harvard University, and the
Theological Seminaries at Andover, Cambridge, and Newton, have given a
professional education to many students from other States as well as from
Massachusetts.
The Board of Education, which consists of the Governor, Lieutenant
Governor, and eight members appointed by the Governor and Council, has
the general oversight of the Normal Schools, Public Schools, and of Edu
cational Statistics. The trustees, officers, or persons in charge of every insti
tution of learning, whether literary, scientific or professional, public or private,
and of all reform schools or alms houses, are by law required to report to the
Board on or before the first day of June in each year, giving such statistics
as the Board shall prescribe. The Board appoints a Secretary who is its
chief executive officer, and who gives his whole time to the supervision and
improvement of Common Schools. E*ch town elects a School Committee of
three persons, or a number which is a multiple of three, who examine teachers,
visit schools, and have a general oversight of the schools of the town. In
the cities and some of the larger towns, the school committee appoints a
superintendent who has the immediate charge of the schools. The number
of school districts is annually diminishing, there being 323 less in 1S67 than
in 1866, and 672 less than in 1861. Where the districts are abolished, the
schools are managed entirely by the towns. Each town having 500 or more
families is by law required to maintain a public high school.
Provision for the special education of teachers is made in four State Normal
Schools, two of which are for both sexes, and two for female teachers only.
A Girls' High and Normal School, and an efficient Training School, are also
maintained by the city of Boston, for preparing teachers for primary schools.
Teachers' Institutes are held annually under the direction of the Secretaiy
of the Board, of Education.
SCHOOL STATISTICS FOE, 1867.
Public Schools. Number of cities and towns, 335; number of school districts, 1,935;
number public schools, 4,838 ; number of persons between 5 and 15 years of age, 2(51, 498;
number of scholars of all ages in public school*,— in summer, 235,241; in winter, 537,304;
average attendance,— in summer, 189,149; in winter, 190,954; ratio of mean average attend
ance for the year, 73; number attending public schools under 5 years of age, 3,899; over 15
years, 21,976.
Number of teachers in summer— males, 439; females, 5,287; total, 5,726; number of teachers
in winter— males, 936 ; females, 4,871 ; total, 5,807 ; number of different teachers during the
MASSACHUSETTS. 369
year: males, 1,020; females, 6,739; total, 7,759. Average wages of male teachers per month,
$60.92 ; female teachers, $26.44 ; average length of public schools, 8 months and 2 days.
Amount raised by taxes for support of public schools, $2,355,505.96 ; amount received from
surplus revenue and similar funds, $4,443.64 ; voluntary contributions, $32,370.20 ; income of
local school funds for schools and academies, $69,208.06 ; income of state school funds received
by towns and cities, $62,641.15; aggregate amount expended for public schools, exclusive of
building and repairing school houses, $2,531,740.62; amount for each child in the state be
tween 5 and 15, $9.72; number of high schools, 148; number of cities and towns maintaining
high schools, 110.
Academies and. Private Schools. Number of incorporated academies, 55 ; average
number of scholars, 3,696 ; amount paid for tuition, $143,522.79 ; number of private schools
and academics, 553 ; estimated average attendance, 14,417 ; tuition in same, $416,194.13.
Normal School, Bridgewater. A. G. BOYDEN, Principal. Number of pupils admitted in
1867,— ladies, 35 ; gentlemen, 11 ; total, 46. Average age of ladies, 18.5 years ; of gentlemen,
19.8 years. Number who had previously taught,— ladies, 16 ; gentlemen, 3 ; total, 19. Whole
number in attendance in 1867, — ladies, 73; gentlemen, 28; total, 101. Graduates, — ladies, 21;
gentlemen, 5 ; total, 26. Whole number of pupils since the commencement of the school, 1,586 ;
whole number of graduates, 1,001.
Normal School, Framingham. Miss ANNIE E. JOHNSON, Principal. Number of pupils
admitted in 1867, 58; number graduated, 44; number left without graduation, 97; whole num
ber for the year, 159. Average age of advanced class, 21.25 years ; of senior class, 20.2 years ;
of other classes, 18 years.
Normal School, Salem. D. B. HAOAR, Principal. Number of pupils admitted in 1867,
82; average age, 18.12; number who had previously taught, 18; whole number of pupils in
1867, 195 ; number of graduates, 41 ; whole number of pupils since the opening of the school in
1854, 1,087 ; whole number of graduates, 463.
Normal School, Westfield. J. W. DICKINSON, Principal. Number of pupils admitted in
1867, — ladies, 70; gentlemen, 14; total, 84. Average age of ladies, 18.9 years ; of gentlemen, 18.6
years. Whole number of pupils in 1867,— ladies, 146 ; gentlemen, 18 ; total, 164. Graduates, 30.
Whole number of pupils since the opening of the school, 1,862; of graduates, 412.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The Charitable Institutions are under the charge of a Board of State Char
ities which has under its care 10 institutions owned by the state, viz: 3
Lunatic hospitals ; 4 Pauper establishments ; and 3 Juvenile Reformatories.
There are also 11 institutions aided by the state, either by the support of
indigent persons connected with them, or by specific appropriations. The
Lunatic Hospitals, located at Northampton, Taunton, and Worcester, all re
ceive state, town, and private patients, but the state patients at Northamp
ton are chiefly persons transferred as incurable from the other hospitals. The
institutions are in good condition, and seem to have been wisely managed, but
the Board recommends some changes in their organization and material ar
rangement, which are indicated in certain cardinal principles which it proposes ,
to observe in its action. These are :
1. That it is better to separate and diffuse the dependent classes than to congregate them.
2. That we ought to avail ourselves as much as possible of those remedial agencies which,
exist in society: the family, social influences, industrial occupations, and the like.
3. That we should enlist, not only the greatest amount of popular sympathy, but the greatest
number of individuals and of families in the care and treatment of the dependent.
4. That we should avail ourselves of responsible societies and organizations which aim to
reform, support or help any class of dependents ; thus lessening the direct agency of the state
and enlarging that of the people themselves.
5. That we should build public institutions only in the last resort, and that these should be
kept as small as is consistent with a wise economy.
The harmless insane, the idiotic, the aged and helpless paupers are placed
at the alms house at Tewksbury ; children of proper school age are sent to Mon,-
24
370 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
son where the state has a primary school, and persons sentenced to a work
house are confined at Bridgewater.
The State Reform School for boys, at Westborough, and the Massachusetts
Nautical School, established on board two ships at Boston and New Bedford,
are the principal juvenile reformatories for boys; at the former, the pupils,
when not in school, are employed in seating chairs, making boxes, farm labor
and domestic work. During the appropriate season, more than 100 boys were
employed upon the farm and gardens. Boys are selected from the higher
grades of behavior, and placed in three family houses connected with the
institution. The Farm House and the Garden House, each receiving 30 ; and
the Peters' Home, for younger boys, 24 at a time. For the year 1867, the
value of produce raised by the Garden House family was $4,240.23, and $361.49
was received for seating chairs ; total, $4,607.72. By the Farm House family,
produce raised, $3,455.04 ; received for seating chairs, $263.77 ; total, $3,718.81.
At the Peters' House, the value of produce was $920.49, and of paper baskets
and husk mats made, $315.34 ; total, $1,235.93.
The State Industrial School for Girls was inaugurated in 1856. The family
system has been adopted, there being five families, with accommodations for
30 girls in each, where Christian influences are thrown around the inmates.
The School for Idiotic and Feeble Minded Youth, at South Boston, and the
Perkins' Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, are for most
purposes, regarded as state institutions, receiving indigent pupils, and mainly
supported by state appropriations.
The Massachusetts General Hospital, the Eye and Ear Infirmary, the Wash-
ingtonian Home, the Discharged Soldiers' Home, the Temporary Asylum for
Discharged Female Prisoners, the Home for the Friendless, the New England
Moral Reform Society, and the Agency for Discharged Convicts, also receive
aid from the State, and an annual appropriation is made for educating state
pupils at the " Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb," in Hartford, Conn., and at
the Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes, Northampton.
State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester. MERRICK BEMIS, M. D., Superintendent. Number
of patients in the hospital, Oct. 1st, 1866,— males, 190 ; females, 191 ; total, 381. Admitted
during the year,— males, 154; females, 134; total, 288. Whole number under treatment during
the year, — males, 344 ; females, 325 ; total, 669. Number of patients discharged during the
year, — males, 167; females, 147; total, 314; — recovered, 158; improved, 101; unimproved, 12.
Number died during the year,— males, 26 ; females, 17 ; total, 43. Remaining Sept. 30th, 1867,—
males, 177 ; females, 178 ; total, 355. Of the 288 admitted during the year, 126 were State pa
tients; at the beginning of the year 129 of this class were in the hospital; at the close, 101.
Of those discharged as recovered, 63 had been under treatment not more than 3 months ; 47
from 3 to 6 months ; 28 from 6 months to a year ; and 20 for a longer period. Supposed cause
of insanity of those admitted during the year,— epilepsy, 16; ill health, 85; paralysis, 16; old
age, 5; turn of life, 13; puerperal, 8; loss of friends, 5; domestic trouble, 4; intemperance,
20; masturbation, 29; miscellaneous and unknown, 87; total, 288. There were, unmarried,
133; married, 120; widowed, 33; unknown, 2. Occupation of those admitted, of males,—
blacksmiths and iron-workers, 4 ; clerks, 9 ; farmers, 17 ; laborers, 40 ; merchants, 6 ; machin
ists, 6 ; mill operatives, 12 ; physicians, 4 ; restaurators, 4 ; boot and shoe makers, 15 ; miscel
laneous, or with no occupation, 10. Age of those admitted,— less than 15 years of age, 3 ; 15
to 20, 18; 20 to 30, 63; 30 to 40, 71 ; 40 to 50, 62; 50 to 60, 35; 60 to 70, 23; 70 to 80, 9; 80 to 90, 4.
Whole number admitted since Jan. 18th, 1833, 7,902; whole number discharged, 7,547; as
recovered, 3,715 ; improved, 1,520; not improved, 1,351 ; died, 961 ; eloped, 3; males admitted,
3,937; discharged, 3,787; recovered, 1,791; died, 491; females admitted, 3,965; discharged,
3,787.; jecovered, 1,924 ; died, 470.
I860.] MASSACHUSETTS. 37}
State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton. GEORGE C. S. CHOATE, Superintendent. Number
in institution Sept. 30th, 1866,— males, 163 ; females, 178 ; total, 341. Number admitted during
the year,— males, 129 ; females, 136 ; total, 265 ; committed by court, 207 ; from State alms houses,
5 ; boarders, 53. Whole number under treatment,— males, 292 ; females, 314 ; total, 606. Num
ber admitted in the autumn, 69 ; winter, 51 ; spring, 71 ; summer. 74. Number discharged, —
males, 85; females, 99; total, 184; recovered, 90; improved, 32; unimproved, 62. Number
remaining Sept. 30th, 1867,— males, 179 ; females, 197 ; total, 376. Age of those admitted,—
under 20, 18; 20 to 30, 73; 30 to 40, 70; 40 to 50, 44; 50 to 60, 28; 60 to 70, 21 ; 70 to 80, 7; over
80,4. Civil condition,— married, 108; unmarried, 129; widowed, 28. Nativity,— Americans,
129; Americans, Irish parents, 5; Irish, 117; German, 10; miscellaneous, 4. Causes of insan
ity,— ill health, 49 ; intemperance, 41 ; masturbation, 7 ; religious excitement, 9 ; domestic
trouble, 9; child-birth, 5 ; epilepsy, 8; injury, 6; loss of friends, 7; old age, 6; sunstroke, 8;
miscellaneous or unknown, 110. Whole number admitted since the opening of the institution,
3,117; discharged, 2,145; recovered, 1,182; improved, 329; unimproved, 634.
State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton. PLINY EARLE, Superintendent. Number in
hospital Sept. 30th, 1866,— males, 182 ; females, 223 ; total, 405. Admitted during the year,—
males, 61 ; females, 77 ; total, 138. Whole number,— males, 243 ; females, 300 ; total, 543. Dis
charged, — males, 45 ; females, 38 ; total, 83 ; recovered, 41 ; improved, 33 ; unimproved, 9.
Died,— males, 23 ; females, 24 ; total, 47. Remaining Sept. 30th, 1867,— males, 175 ; females, 238 ;
total, 413. Supposed causes of insanity, — ill health, 11 ; epilepsy, 14; intemperance, 14; over
work, 6 ; anxiety, 13 ; hereditary, 11 ; miscellaneous or unknown, 69. Occupation of males, —
farmers, 10 ; laborers, 8 ; merchants, 8 ; clerks, 4 ; mechanics, 11 ; miscellaneous, or with no
occupation, 20. Civil condition,— married, 52; unmarried, 67; widowed, 14; unknown, 5.
Ages of those admitted^— from 10 to 20, 4 ; 20 to 30, 35 ; 30 to 40, 39 ; 40 to 50, 28 ; 50 to 60, 18 ;
60 to 70, 10; 70 to 80, 4. Nativity,— Americans, 81 ; Irish, 46; miscellaneous or unknown, 11.
State Alms House, Tewksbury. THOMAS J. MARSH, Superintendent. Number in the
institution Oct. 1st, 1866, 707 ; admitted during the year, 2,689 ; discharged during the year,
2,710; supported. 3,396; deaths, 260; births, 76; remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 686. In the Asylum
for Harmless Insane, there were, Oct. 1st, 1866,— males, 74 ; females, 71 ; total, 145 ; admitted
during the year, — males, 86 ; females, 131 ; total,- 217 ; making the whole number admitted, —
males, 160; females, 202; total, 362. Absconded during the year,— males, 21 ; females, 1 ; total,
22. Discharged by Board,— males, 13 ; females, 24 ; total, 37. Died,— males, 29 ; females, 26 ;
total, 55. WTiole number discharged,— males, 63; females, 51 ; total, 114. Remaining Oct. 1st,
1867,— males, 97 ; females, 151 ; total, 248.
State Alms House, Monson. JOHN M. BREWSTER, Superintendent. Number in alms
house Oct. 1st, 1866, 176; number admitted since, including 30 births, 1,068, total, 1,244. Die-
charged or deserted, 827 ; transferred to State Primary School, 124 ; died, 154. Remaining
Oct. 1st, 1867,— males, 109; females, 130; total, 239. Whole number admitted since the open
ing of the institution, 16,016 ; number of deaths, 888 ; number of children indentured, adopted
or placed in families, 977. Number in State Primary School, Oct. 1st, 1866, 385 ; admitted dur
ing the year, 334 ; total, 719. Discharged, 82 ; removed, 213 ; died, 6 ; total, 301. Remaining
in the school Oct. 1st, 1867,— boys, 308 ; girls, 110 ; total, 418. Number of teachers,— males, 1 ;
females, 6 ; total, 7.
State Alms House, Bridgewater. L. L. GOODSPEED, Superintendent. Number in the
house Oct. 1st, 1866, 311 ; number admitted, including 40 births, 341 ; number in the house
during the year, 652 ; died, 58 ; discharged, 469. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867,— males, 70 ; females,
55 ; total, 125. Work-house department, number of convicts received during the year,— males,
77; females, 175; total, 252. Died during the year, 3. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867,— males, 55 ;
females, 161; total, 216. Whole number in both departments, 341. Number admitted to the
hospital, 363 ; died, 58 ; discharged, 248 ; remaining, 120.
State Reform School, Westborough. ORVILLE R. HUTCHINSON, Superintendent. Num
ber in the school Sept. 30th, 1866, 332 ; committed during the year,— by the Superior Court, 17 ;
by Probate Court, 99 ; total, 116; received from Nautical School, 2; apprentices returned by
masters, 19 ; apprentices returned voluntarily, 17 ; having left places, 8 ; total received during
the year, 162; whole number in the school during the year, 494. Of these were,— apprenticed,
98; released on probation, 72; transferred to Nautical School, 1 , eloped, 2; died, 2; total, 175.
Remaining Sept. 30th 1867, 319.
State Industrial School for Girls, Lancaster. MARCUS AMES, Superintendent. Num
ber in the institution Oct. 1st 1866, 137 ; received during the year, 77 ; returned from inden
tures, 18 ; returned from hospital, 4 ; upon recommitment, 3 ; having no other home, 8 ; total.
247. Indentured during the year, 61 ; returned to friends, or placed at service, time having
expired, 5; discharged as unsuitable, from ill health, &c., 5; discharged to parents, or good
372 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
homes, 10 ; over 18 years of age, supplied with places, 6 ; sent to hospital, 3 ; total, 90. Re
maining Oct. 1st, 1867, 157. Since the school was opened there have been received, 600 ;
returned from indentures, 84 ; returned from hospital, 13 ; recommitted, 6 ; returned, having
no other home, 13; total, 716; excess by returns and recommitments, 116; number of individ
uals, 600. Now under indenture, 81 ; delivered to friends, or who have completed indenture,
343; discharged as unsuitable, 53; dismissed to friends, 49; sent to hospitals and alms houses,
28; died, 3; escaped, 2; now in school, 157; total, 716; excess by returns, 116; number of
individuals, 600.
Massachusetts Nautical School. RICHARD MATTHEWS, Superintendent. Number in
School Ship, Oct. 1st, 1866, 258 ; received from State Reform School, 1 ; returned from proba
tion, 8 ; returned voluntarily, 2; returned from desertion, 5; committed during the year, 254;
whole number, 528. Number transferred to the Reform School, 2; enlisted in U. S. Navy, 2;
enlisted in U. S. School Ship Sabine, 1 ; shipped in merchant service and whaling, 108 ; dis
charged on probation and to learn trades, 117 ; died, 2 ; sent to State Work House, 2 ; deserted,
7; total, 241. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 287.
School for Idiotic and Feeble Minded Youth, Boston. S. G. HOWE, M. D., Super
intendent. This school is open to the beneficiaries of Massachusetts, and to all others of this
and every state and country who will pay the cost. Since the school was opened under the
corporation in 1851, applications have been made for the admission of pupils, — from Massachu
setts, 345 ; other states, 61 ; other countries, 23 ; total, 429 ; of whom 363 have been admitted.
There were in the school Oct. 1st, 1866, 70 ; received during the year, 14 ; total, 84. Discharged,
16 ; remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 68. Average attendance since 1860, 64.
CRIMINAL STATISTICS.
In addition to the Workhouse at Bridgewater, which is sometimes classified
as a state prison, there are thirty-eight institutions for the confinement of
criminals, viz : One State Prison, 20 Jails, 16 Houses of Correction, and 1
House of Industry.
State Prison, Charlestown. GIDEON HATNES, Warden. The whole number of convicts,
October 1st, 1866, was 518; number received during the year, 128; number discharged,— by
expiration of sentence. 91; by remission of sentence, 13; by death, 7; to insane hospital, 1;
total discharged, 112. Number of prisoners September 30th, 1867, 534 ; of whom 45 were between
15 and 20 years of age ; 174 from 20 to 25 ; 108 from 25 to 30 ; 115 from 30 to 40 ; 61 from 40 to 50 ;
22 from 50 to 60 : and 9 from 60 to 70 ;— 58 were sentenced 2 years, or less ; 117 from 2 to 3 ; 145
from 3 to 5 ; 112 from 5 to 10; 51 from 10 to 25 ; and 51 for life. The warden is required by law
to keep a record of each convict, and for every month that the convict observes the rules of the
prison, and is not subjected to punishment, there shall be a deduction from the term of hia
sentence, as follows : From a term of less than three years, one clay ; from a term of three, and
less than seven years, two days ; from a term of seven, and less than ten years, four days ; from
a term of ten years, or more, five days. 202 convicts were from Massachusetts ; 149 from other
states, and 183 were from foreign countries. Whole number, 646; average number, 537; total
expense, $97,039.28; receipts. $118,011.10; profits, $20,971.82.
County and City Prisons. Total number of persons remaining in confinement in county
and city prisons, Sept. 30th, 1866,— males, 1,825 ; females, 634 ; total, 2,459. Number committed
in 1867,— males, 8,013; females, 2,871 ; total, 10,884. Number of persons discharged during the
year,— males, 7,906 ; females. 2,757 ; total, 10,663. Number remaining in confinement Sept. 30th,
1867.— males, 1,932 ; females. 748 ; total, 2,680. In the state prison none but males are received ;
number of commitments, 128; of whom 108 were adults, and 20 minors. Of the whole number
of prisoners, there were natives of Massachusetts, 3,125; of other states, 1,602; of other coun
tries, 6,158. Parents both American, 2,251 ; parents both temperate, 7,811 ; parents both or
either convicts, 150. Number that have had no education, 3,313 ; could read and write, 2,162 ;
have had a common school education. 5.389 ; have had a superior education, 21 ; married, 4,890;
were intemperate, 8,809; had property to the value of $1,000, 444; had been in army or navy,
3,139; had been in Reform school, 168. Number who had been in prison before, 4,448; com
mitted for crimes against the person, — males. 1,118; females, 158; total, 1,276; for crimes against
property, — males, 2,686 ; females, 505 ; total, 3,191 ; for crimes against public order and decency,
—males, 4,973; females, 2,599; total, 7,572; miscellaneous causes of commitment,— males, 219;
females, 22 ; total. 241. Expense of county prisons, $292,640.73 ; receipts for labor of prisoners,
$73,427.34; deficit, $219,213.39. House of Industry, expenses, $59,149.87; receipts, $2,617.87;
deficit, $56,532.
MASSACHUSETTS.
373
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374 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The first regular census of Massachusetts was the colonial census of 17C5,
when the entire population was 238,425. In 1790, the United States census
showed an increase in 25 years of 58.79 per cent., the greatest increase being
in the western or newer portions of the state. The next census, for 1800,
gave an increase of 11.63 per cent., but in Suifolk county, it was 33 per cent.,
and in the other eastern counties, the rate was greater than in other parts of the
state. In 1865, there were 166 towns in the state, each having less popula
tion than in 1855.
The geographical center of the state is in the city of Worcester, but more
than 75 per cent, of the inhabitants are east of this place, the center of pop
ulation being within two miles of the state house in the city of Boston.
The aggregate increase for 100 years, from 1765 to 1865, was 431.14 per
cent., the population at different periods being as follows :
17G5 238,423 1800 422,845 1830 610,408 1855 1,132,364
1776 293,296 1810 472,040 1840 737,700 18(30 1,231,066
1790 378,787 1820 523,287 1850 994,514 1865 1,267,031
During the ten years from 1855 to 1865, the whole number of births was 337,057, of which
51.20 per cent, were males; 48.35 per cent, females, and 1.194 per cent, not stated; of deaths,
231,165 ; excess of births, 105,892. In 1865, the number of males in the state was 597,222 ; of
females, 659,642 ; excess of females. 62,420.
Of the 1,267,031 inhabitants on the first day of June, 1865, 999,976 were born in the United
States, of which number 828,156 were natives of Massachusetts, and 171,720 were born in other
states and territories ; 265,486 were foreign born, and the place of nativity of 1,569 persons was
not stated.
In 1850, there were 199,582 natives of Massachusetts resident in other states, and 134,830 natives
of other states in Massachusetts, showing the excess of native emigration to have been 64,752.
In 1860, the natives of Massachusetts in other states were 244,503 ; natives of other states in
Massachusetts, 160,637; an excess of emigration of 83,866. In 1865, the natives of other states
in Massachusetts numbered 171,720.
Of the 265,486 foreign born returned by the census of 1865, the large number of 183,177, con
stituting 68.99 per cent., or more than two-thirds of the whole number of foreigners, were
natives of Ireland ; 32,390, or 12.18 per cent., were born in British America ; 25,229, or 9.50 per
cent., in England; 11,125, or 4.19 per cent., in Germany; 6,967, or 2.62 per cent., in Scotland;
and 1,110, or .42 of one per cent., in France.
There were 10,167 colored persons in the state, of whom 2,348 were in Boston, and 1,517 in
New Bedford. In 58 towns, there was no colored person. The per centage of colored persona
to the whole population was .8 of one per cent.
Of persons over 20 years of age, unable to read and write. 50,110 were returned, of whom
19,134 were males, and 30,976 females. Of these, 1,012 males and 961 females were American
born, and 18,122 males and 30,015 females were of foreign birth. The number of illiterate
among the American born is 1.97 to 1,000 ; among the foreign, 181.32 to 1,000.
The number of deaf and dumb was 561, of whom 500 were American born, and 61 foreign.
The number of blind was 762 ; 567 of American and 195 of foreign parentage. The whole number
of idiotic and insane was 3,254, of whom 2,560 were American born, and 694 of foreign birth.
Of 362,432 males employed in different occupations, there were,— of agriculturists, 59,116 ; fac
tory operatives, 13,577; laborers, 52,747; mariners, 18,978; manufacturers, 3,903; mechanics,
148,604; merchants and clerks, 42,496; professional men, 9,914; miscellaneous, 13,277. The
principal occupations in which females were engaged were, — domestics. 27,393; operatives,
20,152 ; teachers, 6,050 ; seamstresses, 4,381 ; shoe-workers, 4,110 ; tailoresses, 3,855 ; dress-makers,
3,487 ; straw and palm leaf workers, 2,804 ; and milliners, 2,388.
Number of dwellings in the state in 18d5, 208,698 ; number of families, 269,968.
The first report of the industrial statistics authorized and published by
this state in 1838, exhibited an annual amount of industrial products of
$86,000,000 ; the second, in 1845, gave $124,000,000, or an increase in 7 years
of 44 per cent. ; the third, in 1855, gave the amount as 295,000,000, or an
MASSACHUSETTS.
375
Hands.
.23,678
.18,433
.3,554
..3,194
1865-Value. Capital.
$26,140,538. . .$31,961,000.
5,213,000 1,980,000.
12,105,514 7,305,500.
4,141,847 2,564,500.
6,512,816 2,342,825.
1,351,318 749,550.
9,061,896...
10,934,416. .
37,489,923...
7,666,996...
2,829,640...
Hands.
.34,787
..1,157
.10,090
..2,630
. .3,025
..1,134
.2,770,600 1,758
.4,152,426 3,143
....74,326
14,546,548.... 11, 364
.3,696,436.... 10,551
increase in 10 years of 138 per cent. ; and the last, in 1865, reached the sum
of $517,240,613, an increase for the last decade of 74 per cent. The aggre
gate capital invested in 1865 was $174,499,950, giving employment to 271,421
persons engaged in manufacturing, and 68,636 in agricultural pursuits. The
greatest product of cotton goods was in Bristol county, $11,836,681; of
woollen goods in Worcester county, $12,917,388; of boots and shoes in
Essex county, $18,011,107. In 1860, Massachusetts ranked as the first state
in the manufacture of cottons, woolen goods, and boots and shoes, the value
of the product of cotton being more than twice that of any other state, or
more than that of all the states out of New England ; in woollen goods more
than twice that of any other state except Pennsylvania, and in boots and
shoes more than all the other states together.
Products. 1865— Value. Capital.
Cotton $54,436,881 . . .$33,293,986. .
Calico and Delaine 25,258,703 4,222,000. .
Woolen 48,430,671 . . . .14,735,830. .
Paper 9,008,521 3,785,300. .
Rolled Iron and Nails 8,836,502 2,827,300. .
Printing & Newspapers. . .5,358,148 1,919,400. .
Clothing 17.743,894 4,634,440. . . .24,722
Tanning and Currying. . .15,821,712. . . .4,994,933 3,847
Boots and Shoes 52,915,243. . . .10,067,474. . . .55,160
Whale Fishery 6,618,670 5,879,862 3,496
Mackerel & Cod Fishery. .4,832,218 3,757,761. . . .11,518
The value of horses, oxen and cows in 1865, was $19,154,790 ; of hay, $13,195,274 ; of beef,
$118,228,859 ; of pork, 4,775,892 ; and of butter, cheese and honey, $2,265,296. Number of horses
in the state, 97,244 ; number of cows, 144,561 ; number of sheep, 137,352.
Corporations. From the enactment, in 1851, of the law authorizing the corporate associa
tion of three or more persons, to January 1, 1867, or 16 years, 700 companies were organized
with a capital of $115,236,983, which was increased in 1867, to $11«,905,908. In that year, 87
companies were organized, with a capital of $9,721,000, and 10 companies reduced their capital
$1,921,880, leaving the voted capital of 787 companies, January 1, 1868, $124,705,108, of which
there remained of the capital paid in, $112,373,895.
An act relating to the formation of co-operative associations was passed in 1866, under which
13 such associations were organized, with a capital of $64,335, divided into 8,577 shares, of
which 6,690 are held by 2,152 stockholders. Nov. 1, 1867, assets, $69,603 ; liabilities, $41,857.
Periodicals. The whole number of newspapers and periodicals in the state, in 1867, was
18 daily ; 2 tri- weekly ; 10 semi-weekly ; 125 weekly ; 1 tri-monthly ; 7 bi-monthly ; 42 monthly ;
9 quarterly; and 5 annual ; total, 219; of which 125 were in Boston.
Assessments. The number of taxable polls, May 1, 1867, was 315,742; amount of tax on
same, $6(>4,120. Assessed value of real estate, $708,165,117 ; personal estate, $457,728,296 ; total,
$1,165,893.413. Total tax for state, town and county purposes, $19,104,074. Number of acres
of land taxed. 4,429,954. Total valuation in 1868, $l,220,305,a39.
Banks. There were, Oct. 1, 1868, 207 National Banks, with a paid up capital of $80,032,000.
Savings Banks. Number doing business in 1867,108; number of depositors, 48,593 ; in
crease over the previous year, 31,740; amount of deposits, $80,431,583; increase, $12,699,319;
number of accounts opened during the year, 81,102; number closed, 46,084; amount of public
funds held, $29,960,219; bank stock. $10,921,364; deposits in banks bearing interest, $1,524,328;
loans on mortgage of real estate, $21,259,349; loans to counties and towns, $6,577,803; loans
on personal security, $9,636,996. Number of Savings Banks in 1868, 115; amount of deposits,
$94,a38,336.54.
Insurance Companies. Number incorporated by the state, (not including life and acci
dent companies), 93; number doing business in Massachusetts, but chartered in other states,
84 ; number of English companies doing business in the state, 4 ; ratio of loss in 1867,— in joint
stock companies, fire loss, $4.06 on each $1,000 at risk; marine loss on same amount, $48.46;
the ratio of marine losses to amount of premiums received in 1867, was 105.2 per cent. In the
mutual companies, the ratio of fire loss was $1.28 on each $1,000 risk; marine loss ou same
amount, $46.16.
376 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
17. MICHIGAN.
Capital, Lansing. Area, 56,451 square miles. Population (1864), 803,745.
This State was settled in 1670, by the French, at Detroit. At the peace of
1763, it came under the dominion of Great Britain. It was a part of the
territory ceded to the United States by Virginia ; wras set off from Indiana,
and erected into a separate territory in 1805, and admitted into the Union as
a State, January 26, 1837.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Govei nor. ...» HENRY P. BALDWIN Detroit $1,000
Lieutenant Governor MORGAN BATES Grand Traverse *
Secretary of State OLIVER L. SPAULDING St. Johns 800
Treasurer EBEN O. GUOSVENOR Jones ville 1.000
Auditor General WILLIAM HUMPHREY Adrian 1,000
Com. Land Office BENJ. D. PRITCHARD Allcgan 800
Attorney General D WIGHT MAY Kalamazoo 800
Superintendent of Public Instruction. OR AMEL HOSFORD Olivet 800
Secretary Hoard of Agriculture SANFORD HOWARD Lansing 1,500
Adjutant General JOHN ROBERTSON Detroit
The above officers are chosen by the legal voters every two years, on the
Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in November. Senators, 32 in number,
and Representatives, not exceeding 100 in number, constitute the Legislature
of Michigan. They are chosen every second year at the general election in
November. The Legislature assembles in regular session, on the first Wednes
day in January biennially, in the odd years 1869, 1871, &c. To qualify a
resident to vote, he must be above the age of twenty-one, must have resided
in the State three mdnths, and in his election district ten days. Subject to
these qualifications, eveiy white male citizen, and every white male inhabi
tant residing in the State on the 24th of June, 1835, or on the 1st of January,
1850, who shall have legally declared his intention to become a citizen six
months before an election, or who shall have resided in the State two years
and six months, having declared his intentions, and every civilized male In
dian not a member of any tribe, is entitled to vote.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power is vested in one Supreme Court, in Circuit Courts, Pro
bate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court has a general
superintending control over all inferior courts. It has power to issue writs of
error, habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, procedendo, and other original
and remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same. In all other cases
it has appellate jurisdiction only. The court consists of four judges, chosen
at an election held for the purpose on the first Monday in April. The Cir
cuit Courts have original jurisdiction in all matters, civil and criminal, not
prohibited by law, and appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and
tribunals. They have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, in
junction, quo warranto, certiorari, and other writs necessary to carry into
* $4 per day during session of Legislature.
MICHIGAN. 377
effect their judgments, &c., and to give them general control over inferior
tribunals within their jurisdiction.
The Judges of the Supreme Court hold their offices for eight years, one
judge retiring every second year unless re-elected. The clerk of the county
holding the court is clerk of the Supreme Court. Judges of the Circuit
Court are chosen by the people of their respective districts, at the elections
held in April, to hold office for six years. Prosecuting officers are elected by
the people of each county, to hold office for two years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge— Eastern District, Ross Wilkins ; Western
District, Solomon L. Withey. District Attorney— Eastern District, Alfred Russell ; Western, Dis
trict, Augustus D. Griswold. Marshals— Eastern District, N. S. Andrews ; Western District,
James Henry. Clerk of Circuit Court— Eastern District, William D. Wilkins ; Western District,
Isaac H. Parish. Clerk of District Court— Eastern District, John Winder ; Western District,
Isaac H. Parish.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, Thomas M. Cooley, Ann Arbor, elected in 1867.
Associate Justices. James V. Campbell, Detroit ; Benjamin Graves, Niles ; Isaac P. Chris-
tiancy, Monroe. Salaries, $2,500 each.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
Judges. 1st Circuit, Franklin Johnson, Monroe ; 2c? Circuit, Nathaniel Bacon, Niles ; 3d Cir-
cuit, Jared Patchen, Detroit; 4th Circuit, Edwin Lawrence, Ann Arbor; 5th Circuit, George
Woodruff, Marshall ; Gth Circuit, James S. Dewey ; 1th Circuit, Josiah Turner, Owosso ; 8th
Circuit. Louis S. Lovell, Ionia; 9th Circuit, Flavius J. Littlejohn, Allcgan ; lQ(h Circuit, Jabez
G. Sutherland, Saginaw ; 11/A Circuit, D. Goodwin, Detroit ; IWi Circuit, Clarence E. Eddie ;
19th Circuit, J. G. Ramsdell; Uth Circuit, M. B. Hopkins. Salaries, $1,800 each.
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT.
At Lansing on the Tuesdays succeeding the first Monday in January and July ; and at Detroit
on the Tuesdays succeeding the first Monday in April and October.
FINANCES.
Balance of cash in the treasury, Nov. 30, 1866, - - - $579,007.32
Amount received during the fiscal year, 1,697,390.32
$2,276,397.64
Amount disbursed during the fiscal year, - 1,694,283.68
Showing balance in the treasury, Nov. 30, 1867, - - - $582,113.96
The receipts and expenditures on account of the principal funds, were as follows :
EXPENDITURES. RECEIPTS.
Normal School Interest Fund $9,528.00 $2,062.77
Two Million Loan Sinking Fund 58,000.00
Primary School Fund IOQ.OQ 112,055.44
Primary School Interest Fund 144.733.81 52,506.36
War Fund 108.967.50 17.50
Asylum Fund 137,375.17 3,148.16
General Fund 791,308.10 1,078,116.70
Swamp Land Fund 362,791.64 376,377.14
Normal School Fund 1,824.92
Internal Improvement Fund 8,678.55 12,127.33
378 THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
EXPENDITUKES. RECEIPTS.
University Interest Fund $39,004.83 $12,692.45
St. Mary's Falls Ship Canal Fund 7,315.00 18,905.61
Soldiers' Home Fund 7,000.00
War Loan Sinking Fund 12,000.00
University Fund 120.00 19,402.37
Military Fund 7,013.00
Swamp Land Interest Fund 319.71 6,559.36
State Building Fund 8.37 694.21
The net proceeds from tax collections, tax sales, &c., amounted to $607,-
863.70, and the receipts from specific taxes were, from Railroad and Railway
Companies, $163,915.97 ; National Banks, $34,212.30 ; Insurance Companies,
$52,210.22; miscellaneous, $986.93; total, $251,325.42.
The following sum was applicable to and set apart for the several sinking
funds during the year: $270,628.22. The amount charged and chargeable to
the funds was, $363,879.11 ; showing the sinking funds overdrawn, $93,-
250.89.
STATE DEBT, SEPT. 12, 1868.
The bonded interest-bearing debt of the State was as follows :
Sault Canal Bonds, 6's, due July 1, 1879 , $100,000.00
Renewal Loan Bonds, 6's, due July 1, 1878 210,000.00
Two Million Loan Bonds, 6's, due Jan. 1, 1873 500,000.00
6's, " 1, 1878 500,000.00
6's, " 1,1883 750,000.00
War Loan Bonds, 7's, due Jan. 1, 1886 1,081,500.00
War Bounty Loan Bonds, 7's, due May 1, 1890 463,000.00
Total interest-bearing debt $3,610,500.00
The non-interest-bearing debt of the State was as follows :
Adjusted Bonds, past due ..$3,000.00
Full-paid Five Million Loan Bonds, past due 3,000.00
Two Million Loan Bonds 4,000.00
War Loan Bonds, drawn for sinking fund 600.00
$60,000 unrecognized Five Million Loan Bonds, adjustable at 34,714.20
45,314.20
Total bonded debt of the State $3,655,814.20
EDUCATION.
The University of Michigan enjoys a high degree of prosperity. The
course of instruction is broad, embracing such a wide range of elective
studies, that the requirements of all'may be met. The University has three de
partments, viz. : Literature, Medicine, and Law, and the Literary Department
has six parallel courses of study. The number of students in 1867 was
greater than ever before, and greater than in any other American College.
The Superintendent of Public Instruction in his report for 1867, gives an
account of five other colleges, all prosperous.
The Agricultural College has been obliged to refuse many applicants, for
want of room.
The State Normal School at Ypsilanti, opened in 1854. The course of
study embraces a Normal Training course, and a Higher Normal course.
The Model or Experimental School, has four distinct departments, in which
the pupils of the Normal School practice in actual teaching, during their
I860.] MICHIGAN. 379
studies in the Normal School. The Superintendent of Public Instruction
has the general supervision of public education in the State. The system of
Township school inspection was abolished in 1867, and County Superintend
ents substituted. The new system of supervision has operated favorably.
A series of Teachers1 Institutes is held in the spring and autumn, under
the direction of the State Superintendent. County Superintendents also hold
Institutes in a few of the counties. The State has three distinct school
funds, which at the close of the year 1867 amounted as follows:
Primary School Fund, 7 per cent $2,149,350.15
" " " 5 " . 151,824.15
$2,301,174.30
University Fund, 7 per cent 557,883.00
Normal School Fund, 6 per cent 66,636.69
Total $2,925,643.99
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. ERASTUS C. HAVEN, D.D. LL.D., President. Num
ber of Instructors, 31 : Number of students— Science, Literature and the Arts— Seniors, 37 ;
Juniors, 46 ; Sophomores, 72 ; Freshmen, 99 ; in Mining and Engineering, 5 ; in selected studies,
41; in Higher Chemistry, 35; total, 335; Medicine and Surgery, 525. Law— Seniors, 153 ; Jun
iors, 242 ; total in all departments, 1,255.
Graduates in 1867 : Mining Engineering, 2 ; Civil Engineering, 6; Bachelor of Science, 10;
Bachelor of Arts, 27; Master of Science, 6 ; Master of Arts, 6; Doctor of Medicine, 82; Bachelor
of Law, 146 ; LL.D. Honorary, 1 ; total, 286. Total of receipts, $66,909.14 ; total of expenses,
$58,847.99; balance in the treasury, $8,061.15.
State Normal School, Ypsilanti. D. P. MAYHEW, Principal. Winter term of 1866-7:
Number of pupils— in Classes A and B, 70; in Class C, 50; in Class D, 48; in Class E, 24; total,
192. Summer Term of 1867 : Number of pupils— in Classes A and B, 50 ; in Class C, 48 ; in
Class D, 26: in Class E, 18; total, 142. Fall Term of 1867: Number of pupils— in Classes A
and B. 86 ; in Class C, 82 ; in Class D, 52 ; in Class E, 20 ; total, 240.
Public Schools. Number of counties, 58; number of townships, 774; number of districts,
4,744 ; number of new districts organized, 182 ; number of children, 338,244 ; number attending
school, 243,161 ; number attending school under five or over twenty years of age. 6,422 ; average
length of schools in months. 6.2; number of districts having rate-bills, 2,480; number of districts
in debt, 1,423; number of township libraries, 181 ; number of district libraries, 1,472; number
of volumes in all, 140,469 ; number of volumes added during the year, 8,353 ; number of stone
school houses, 73 ; number of brick school houses, 375; number of wood school houses. 3,509;
number of log school houses, 665; number of graded school districts, 179; number of children
in same, 100.701 ; average length of said schools, in months, 8.85 ; number of visits — by county
superintendents — summer term, 2,484 ; by directors — in the year, 7,432 ; number of male teachers,
2,007 ; number of female teachers, 7,377 ; number of months taught — by male teachers, 7,681 ; by
female teachers, 29,729; average wages per month — males, $44.03; females, $19.48 ; amount paid
for library books. $12,158.90 ; receipts from fines, $10,976.21 ; value of school houses in the
State, $3,361,567.
Receipts for 1867— on hand at commencement of year, $192,602.02; two-mill tax, $287,967.63;
Primary School Fund, $142,913.25; rate-bills, $107,170.91 ; tuition of non-resident scholars, $21,-
557.22; district taxes to pay teachers, $332,842.13; other district taxes, $541,462.06; tax on dogs,
$25,812.92; from all other sources, $331,082.65; total, $2,011,236.01.
Expenditures for 1867: paid teachers— males. $336,054.98; females, $572,234.52; total, $908,289.-
50; paid for building purposes. $545,437.30; paid for all other purposes, $287,701.66; amount on
hand at close of year, $303,156.00; expense of board as above estimated, $299,280.00; total, $2,-
310,305.83.
Private Schools. Number of private schools, 257 ; number of pupils in private schools,
10,703.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, which was organized
in 1854, has a larger number of pupils than ever before.
380 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The Asylum for the Insane was opened in 1859. The grounds comprise
167 acres ; the buildings first erected were crowded with patients in 1866,
but additional accommodations have been provided.
The number of convicts in the Penitentiary, which was 630 in January
1861, decreased until May 1865, when there were only 262, but in Nov. 1867,
there were 582, an increase of 302 in two and a half years. The convicts
are employed principally in the manufacture of cabinet-work, agricultural
tools, cigars and in finishing leather. The earnings of the prisoners in 1867,
amounted to $57,866.58, under the old contract prices. The present prices
will increase the amount.
The State Reform School was founded in 1853, and opened in 1856.
The Detroit House of Correction, though not strictly a State Institution,
receives persons from any part of the State convicted of offences punishable
by imprisonment in county jails, and employs them in making chairs, under
the direction of the prison officers.
Michigan Asylum for the Education of the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, Flint.
EGBERT L. BANGS, Principal. Whole number of pupils?, 1867— deaf and dumb, 106 ; blind, 20 ;
total, 126.
Michigan Asylum for Insane, Kalamazoo. E. H. VAN DEUSEN, M. D., Superintendent.
Number of patients in Asylum, Dec. 1, 1806 — males, 78; females, 94; total, 172. Received dur
ing the year — males, 36; females, 34; total, 70. Whole number treated — males, 114; females,
128; total, 242. Number of patients discharged during year — males, 36 ; females, 37; total, 73.
Recovered, 28 ; improved, 11 ; unimproved, 24 ; died, 10. Remaining Dec. 1, 1867 — males, 78 ;
females, 91 ; total, 169. Supposed cause of insanity— hereditary, 25 ; ill health, 139 ; puerperal,
32; domestic trouble, 29; grief and anxiety, 27; epilepsy, 19; over exertion, 33; popular errors,
10; vicious habits, 39; domestic affliction, 14; intemperance, 13; business perplexities, 9;
fright, 8 ; injury to the head, 6 ; miscellaneous and unknown, 274 ; total, 677. Civil condition-
single, 291 ; married, 337 ; widowed, 47 ; unascertained, 2 ; total, 677. Age of those admitted—
from 10 to 20, 52 ; 20 to 30, 225 ; 30 to 40, 168 ; 40 to 50, 117 ; 50 to 60, 70 ; 60 to 70, 34 ; seventy
and upwards, 4 ; unascertained, 12 ; total, 677.
Michigan State Prison, Jackson. II. II. BINGHAM. Agent. Number in prison Nov. 30,
1866, 502. Number received during the year, 254. Number discharged — by expiration of sen
tence, 161 ; pardoned, 2; died, 2; escaped, 9; total, 174. Remaining Dec. 1, 1867, 582. Terms
for which those received during the year were sentenced — one year and less, 72 ; 1 to 2 years,
62 ; 2 to 3 years, 47 ; 3 to 4 years, 16 ; 4 to 6 years, 303 ; 7 to 10 yoars, 12 ; 13 to 20 years, 7 ; 21
years, 1 ; 30 years, 1 ; life solitary, 6 ; total, 254. Age of those sentenced— 16 to 20 years, 61 ;
20 to 30 years, 127 ; 30 to 40 years, 34 ; 40 to 50 years, 18 ; 50 to 60 years, 8 ; 60 to 73 years, 6 ;
total, 254. Cause of commitment— larceny, 135 ; burglary, 20 ; burglary and larceny, 19 ; pass
ing counterfeit money, 12; rape, 5 ; robbery, 5 ; arson, 4; assault to murder, 4 ; a^ault to rape,
4; forgery, 5; manslaughter, 4; murder, 6; miscellaneous, 27; total, 254. Nativity— Michigan,
39; other states, 145; foreign countries, 70; total, 254. Whole number since establishment of
prison— received, 3,184 ; discharged, 1,877; pardoned, 486 ; escaped, 91; died, 135; reversal of
sentence, 13.
Michigan State Reform School, Lansing. REV. CHARLES JOHNSON, Superintendent.
Number of inmates Nov. 16, 1866— white boys, 260; colored boys, 18 ; total, 278. Admitted dur
ing the year — white boys, 105 ; colored boys, 5; indian, 1; total, 111. Released — white boys,
129; colored boys, 5; total, 134. Remaining Nov. 16, 1867— white boys, 238; colored boys, 18;
indian,!; total, 257. Cause of commitment during the year — petit larceny, 63; burglary and
larceny, 5; assault and battery, 7 ; grand larceny, 9; miscellaneous, 7; total, 111. Nativity-
United States, 79 ; foreign countries, 27 ; unknown, 8. Age— 8 years old, 1 ; 10 years, 5 ; 11 years,
10 ; 12 years, 13 ; 13 years, 12 ; 14 years, 22 ; 15 years, 36 ; 16 years, 11 ; total, 111. Average age,
13 years and 8 months. Domestic condition of boys previous to commitment — lost their father,
26 ; lost mother, 23 ; lost both parents, 19 ; whose relatives have been arrested for crime, 11 ;
who have used intoxicating drinks, 39; been in jail one or more times, 37 ; t-lept in boxes, old
bheds, on steps, &c., 46. Of those who have been released— discharged as reformed, 87 ; to eo
1869.] MICHIGAN. 381
out of State to reside with parents, 4 ; granted leave of absence for one year, 41 ; died, 1 ; escaped,
1 ; total, 134. Average time of detention, 2 years, 8 months, and 8 days.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population as given by each census since 1810, was as follows:
Population. Rate of increase. Population. Rate of increase.
1810 4,762 1850 397,634 87.34
1820 8,765 .86.81 1860 749,113 88.38
1830 31,639 255.65 1864 803,745 71.59
1840 212,267 570.09
The ratio of increase from 1820 to 1840 was greater than in any other State, and during the
last of these two decades, more than twice as great.
The State is divided by Lake Michigan into two peninsulas ; the northern
is 316 miles long- and from 36 to 120 miles broad, and the southern 416 miles
long, and from 50 to 300 miles broad. The northern peninsula is undulating,
broken, and much of it densely timbered ; the southern is nearly level, and
better adapted to agriculture.
The climate is less severe than that of other portions of the country be
tween the same parallels of latitude, being softened by the immense fresh
water surface on the borders of the State.
The State is productive in most of the grains, potatoes, beans, hay, and
in fruits. The yield of maple sugar, sorghum molasses, and honey, is abun
dant and increasing. Tobacco is cultivated to some extent, and large quanti
ties are imported for m^ftiufacture. Wool raising is an important branch of
husbandry. The lumber trade is of great value and extent, and salt exists
in considerable quantities. The United States have over five millions of
acres of land in this State, yet to be disposed of.
The mineral resources are chiefly in the northern peninsula. The great
copper deposits are principally located in the Keweenaw peninsula, but the
beds extend along the lake from Ontanagon to Schoolcraft, in greater or less
quantities. The yield of copper has risen to an annual average of 8,000
tons, with promise of steady increase. The opening of the St. Mary's
Canal, and the clearing of the entrance into Portage lake, have given fresh
impetus to this branch of mining industry. Silver has been found in con
nection with the copper, in the proportion of from twenty-five to fifty per
cent.
The rich deposits of iron ore are found chiefly in Marquette County, but
iron is also found in Delta,' and to some extent in Berrien and Branch coun
ties. In the production of this mineral in 1863, Michigan was second only
to Pennsylvania, having produced 273,000 tons of ore. Bituminous coal is
found in some parts of the State.
The State has a Lake shore line of 1,400 miles,"and its position is advan
tageous for commerce, of which it has a considerable share, having lines of
trade with Liverpool.
Products. The products for 1866 were— corn, 16,118,680 bushels, value $13,217,318; wheat,
14,740,639 bushels, value $37,588,630 ; rye, 413,150 bushels, value $437,939 ; oats, 8,293,877 bushels,
value $3,898,122 ; barley, 418,971 bushels, value $427,350 ; buckwheat, 1,306,819 bushels, value
$1,280,683; potatoes, 5,037,298 bushels, value $2,820,877 ; hay, 1,218,959 tons, value $16,760,686;
wool clip, 9,750,000 pounds ; lumber, 1,125,000,000 feet. In 1865 the yield of fish from the lakes
was 35,200 barrels, valued at $563,200.
382 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18(59.
Railroads. Upwards of 800 miles of railroads have been completed, at a cost of about
$35,000,000, and 000 miles more are in course of construction or have been projected.
Manufactures. In I860, there were 3,348 manufacturing establishments, with a capital of
$23,808,226 ; cost of labor and raw material, $24,370,658 ; total value of products, $32,058,356 ;
surplus over cost of labor and material, $8,287,698, or nearly 35 per cent, on the working capi
tal invested.
Banks. There were in 1868, 42 National Banks, with a paid up capital of $5,210,010, owning
real estate to the amount of $224,874 ; value of real and personal estate as equalized by the
State Board of Equalization for 1866, $307,965,842.
18. MINNESOTA.
Capital, St. Paul. Area, 83,531 square miles. Population, (1867), 400,000.
This State was visited by traders, trappers, and Jesuit Missionaries from
Montreal, about 1654. The Upper Mississippi was explored by Louis Hen-
nepin. in 1680. In 1689, a fort was erected by Perrot, Le Sueur, and others,
on Lake Pepin, and in 1695, a second fort was established in Minnesota by
Le Sueur. In 1766, the territory was explored by Jonathan Carver of Con
necticut, who went to England and wrote an account of his explorations.
This State formed a part of the original Louisiana territory as purchased
from France in 1803. In 1812, a settlement was formed in the Red River
country, principally by Scotchmen. Fort Snclling was settled by emigrants
from the northern and western States about 1845. Minnesota was organized
as a territory, March 31, 1849, and admitted into* the Union as a State,
February 26, 1857
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor WILLIAM R. MARSHALL St. Paul $3,000
Lieutenant Governor THOMAS H. ARMSTRONG High Forrest *
Secretary of State H. C. ROGERS St. Paul 1,800
Auditor of State CHARLES MC!LRATII 1,500
State Treasurer EMIL MUNCH St. Paul 1,200
Attorney General F. R. E. CORNELL Minneapolis tl,000
Superintendent of Public Instruc. . . . MARK II. DUNNELL St. Paul 2,500
Land Commissioner CHARLES MC!LRATH 1,000
Adjutant General H. P. VAN CLEVE St. Paul 1,500
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and
Attorney General are chosen by a plurality vote for two years. The Auditor
is elected in the same way, but for three years. The number of Senators is
22, of Representatives 47. Senators are chosen for two years, one-half each
year ; Representatives are elected annually. The election for State officers
and members of the Legislature, is on the Tuesday after the first Monday in
November. The Legislature meets on the Tuesday after the first Monday
of January. The sessions are annual.
Every male person, twenty-one years of age, of either of the following
classes, viz. : White citizens of the United States ; white persons of foreign
birth, who have duly declared their intention to become citizens ; persons
of mixed white and Indian blood, and persons of Indian blood residing in
the State, who have adopted the language, customs, and habits of civiliza
tion, when pronounced capable by any District Court in the State, may vote,
* $10 per day during session of Legislature, t Also $10 per day during attendance upon Court.
1869.] MINNESOTA. 333
if they have resided in the United States one year, in the State four months,
and in the election district ten days next preceding the election.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Courts
of Probate, Justices of the Peace, and such other courts inferior to the Su
preme Court as the Legislature may by a two-thirds vote establish. The
Supreme Court with original jurisdiction in such remedial cases as are pre
scribed by law, and appellate jurisdiction in all cases both in law and equity,
consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, elected by the peo
ple, to hold office for seven years and until their successors are qualified.
There are no trials by jury in this court. A clerk is chosen for three years.
There are six judges of the District Courts elected in single Districts
for seven years. A clerk is chosen in each county. The District Courts
have original jurisdiction in all cases in law and equity where over $100
is in controversy, and in criminal cases where the punishment may be im
prisonment for over three months or a fine of over $100.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. District Judge, Rensselaer R. Nelson. District Attorney,
H. L. Moss. Marshal, Charles Eaton. Clerk of Circuit Court, H. E. Mann.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, Thomas Wilson, Winona.
Associate Justices, S. J. R. McMillan, St. Paul ; John M. Beny, Fairbower, Rice Co. Salaries,
$3,000 each. Clerk, Sherwood Hough. Reporter, W. A. Spencer.
DISTRICT COURTS.
Judges.— First District, Charles McClure ; Second District, W. Wilkin ; Third District, L.
Barber; Fourth District, C. E. Vanderburg; Fifth District, N. M. Donaldson; Sixth District,
Horace Austin ; Seventh District, J. M. McKeloy. Court of Common Pleas, W. S. Hall.
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT.
The Supreme Court holds two sessions annually, at St. Paul, on the first days of July and
December.
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury, December 1, 1866, $68,189.93
Receipts to November 30, 1867, 687,729.98
$755,919.91
Disbursements from the Treasury in 1867, - 704,683.52
Balance in Treasury, Dec. 1, 1867, 51/236.39
$755,919.91
SOURCES OP REVENUE.
From 7 per cent, loan of July 1867, for State institution buildings $100.250.00
From sales and stumpage of school lands 110 227 13
From sales of United States 10-40 bonds ] 7o'oOO.OO
From interest on invested school fund "
Revenue from railroads
Miscellaneous sources
Balance in treasury " il!;^/.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.".".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.!!.' C8,'l69.93
Totel ...$755,919.91
384 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
DISBURSEMENTS.
For general expenses of State Government $199,717.08
For buildings for State institutions 134,790.84
For payment of interest on loans 25,620.40
Land office fees and expenses locating internal improvement lands 4,076.12
Investment for permanent school fund 187,000.00
Investment for sinking fund 57,125.56
General school fund apportioned 91,629.42
Premium on bonds 812.10
Bounties for destruction of wolves 3,912.00
Total disbursements for the year $704,683.52
Balance in treasury, Nov. 30, 1867 51,236.39
$755,919.91
Unredeemed warrants at the beginning of the year $1,849.14
Outstanding treasury warrants, November 30, 1867 1,727.59
FUNDED DEBT.
Of the bonds issued for State purposes there remained outstanding, at the close of the fiscal
year, the following :
Balance of the eight per cent, loan of July, 1858 $125,000.00
Sioux war seven per cent, loan of November, 1862 100,000.00
State building seven per cent, loan of July, 1867 100,000.00
Total $325,000.00
The constitutional limit of State loans is $350,000.
EDUCATION.
The act of Congress establishing a territorial government for Minnesota,
approved March 2, 1849, provided that sections numbered sixteen and thirty-
six in each township, should be reserved for the use of schools. On the
adoption of the State constitution, provision was made for the management
of the lands, and the fund arising from their sale.
The lands are sold at public auction, and none are sold less than the ap
praisal, nor less than $5 an acre. This State was entitled to 120,000 acres
under the act of 1862, making grants to Agricultural Colleges. The lands
have been selected, and it is believed that they can be disposed of so as to
make a fund of $500,000.
An appropriation of $15,000, made by the legislature to the State Univer
sity in 1867, enabled the Board of Regents to open the preparatory depart
ment. The Board have also succeeded in relieving the institution of over
$100,000 of debt, and saving 30,000 acres of land that was supposed to be
lost. The Hamline University at Red Wing has good buildings and is
flourishing.
The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of
the public schools, and reports annually to the legislature. The office had
been attached to that of Secretary of State until 1867, when an independent
office was created, and a Superintendent was appointed, who entered upon the
duties of his office on the 2d day of April, 1867. The results of his labors are
already seen in the improved organization and administration of the school
system. The law of 1864, provided for the appointment of County Superin
tendents, but in 1867 only 26 counties had made appointments. The trustees
1869.] MINNESOTA. 335
of school districts have the immediate charge of the local administration
of the school system.
The State Normal School at Winona is prosperous. Since its reorganiza
tion in 1864, the numbers in attendance have been constantly increasing.
The new building, erected at an expense of about $100,000, has accommoda
tions for 250 in the Normal department, 200 in the Model classes, and 200 in
the Practice classes. Nearly one-third of the time of the Normal pupils
through the entire course is given to professional training and practice. Two
other Normal Schools will be established in the State as soon as the neces
sary steps have been taken for complying with the provisions of the law.
Twenty-three Teachers" Institutes were held in 1867, in 18 different coun
ties, with an attendance of 772 teachers.
Public Schools. Whole number of organized counties in the State, in 1S67, 51 ; number
making school returns, 50. Number of school districts, 2,207 ; increase for the year, 209.
Number of districts reported, 2,035 ; increase for the year, 254. Whole number of children be
tween 5 and 21 years of age— males, 59,157 ; females, 55,264 ; total, 114,421 ; increase for the year,
12,303. Whole number attending school— males, 35,041 ; females, 30,766 ; total, 65,807. Whole
number attending winter schools, 44,408 ; average number, 29,292. Whole number attending
summer schools, 47,067 ; average number, 29,549. Whole number of winter schools, 1,261 ;
whole number of summer schools, 1,324. Whole number of male teachers employed, 749 ; in
crease for the year, 217. Whole number of female teachers employed, 1,836 ; increase for the
year, 211. Average wages of male teachers per month, $34.61 ; of female teachers, $22.28.
Whole amount paid teachers, $254,986.76 ; increase for the year, $85,840.30. Whole number of
school houses in State, 1,406 ; increase for the year, 109. Value of all the school houses in the
State, $746,291 ; increase for the year, $273,946.71. Whole number of school houses built, 337 ;
cost of the same, $331,219.60. Whole amount received from State school funds, $167,863.50 ;
whole amount received from taxes voted by districts, $225,672.19 ; increase for the year, $186,-
651.87. Whole amount expended for school purposes, $736,532.67; increase for the year,
$299,221.60.
Private Schools. Whole number of private schools in the State, 50; number of scholars
—males, 2,228 ; females, 2,088 ; total, 4,316.
Normal School, Winona. WILLIAM F. PHELPS, Principal. Cost of buildings, $100,000.
Number of students— males, 13; females, 74; total, 87. In Model Classes— boys, 84; girls, 87;
total, 171.
School Lands and School Fund. The number of acres of school land sold from 1862
to Nov. 30, 1867, was 246,129 ; average price, $6.23 per acre ; and aggregate, $1,534,053.94. A
considerable amount has been received from other land items than sales.
The securities held by the fund at the close of the fiscal year 1867, were as follows :
State loans of Minnesota $309,187.50
United States Bonds 224,825.00
Balance due upon lands bearing 7 per cent, interest 1,053,035.89
Balance in Treasury 162.39
Total amount of fund, November 30, 1867 $1 ,587,210.78
If the lands remaining are sold at the same rate, the fund if managed with the same care and
prudence as in the past, will eventually amount to over $15,000,000.
The income from the permanent fund constitutes the general fund which is annually distribu
ted to the different townships throughout the State, in proportion to the number of scholars in
each between 5 and 21 years of age. The amount distributed in 1867 was $91,906.20, or .90 per
capita. The estimated amount for 1868 was $143,026, or $1.25 per capita. The legislature also
levies a tax of two mills on the dollar, amounting in 1867 to $116,000, which is collected and dis
bursed by local officers.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The State Charitable Institutions are yet in their infancy, arrangements
having been made by the authorities for some years to provide for the un-
386 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
fortunate classes in the institutions of other States. The Minnesota Institution
for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind, located at Fari
bault, has been removed into a new and commodious building just completed
for its use. This building, 80 by 45 feet in extent and four stories in height,
was erected of stone, at a cost of $51,600. The grounds comprise 52 acres
presented to the State by the citizens of Faribault. The institution is open
to all the deaf and dumb and the blind in the State, between the ages of 10
and 25. The department for the blind has only been in operation since 1866,
and has as yet but few pupils.
The Hospital for the Insane was established by an act of the Legislature,
passed March 2, 1866, and located at St. Peter, in- Nicollet County. The
grounds comprise 210 acres purchased by citizens of St. Peter, and conveyed
to the State for the use of the Hospital. The trustees purchased a building
and fitted it up for the accommodation of 50 patients, and afterwards en
larged it, increasing the accommodations so as to provide for 100. Plans for
a new building were accepted in 1867, and the work upon it commenced.
If completed in accordance with the plan adopted, it will provide ample
accommodations for the insane for many years.
The State Prison is reported in excellent condition. A new shop was
erected in 1867, at a cost of $9,383.75, new cells were constructed and fur
nished, and the prison yard was extended. A State Reform School has been
established at St. Paul, which is in successful operation.
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind, Faribault. J. L. NOTES, Su
perintendent. Number in department of Deaf and Dumb in 1867— males, 15 ; females, 12 ; total,
27. In department for the blind— males, 2 ; females, 2 ; total, 4.
Hospital for Insane, St. Peter. SAMUEL S. SHANTZ, Superintendent. Whole number of
patients admitted from opening of hospital December 1866, to December 1867, 97 ; number dis
charged, 13; recovered, 10; died, 2; eloped, 1 ; remaining in hospital, December 1867, 84. Sup
posed cause of insanity— epilepsy, 6 ; over work, 6 ; sunstroke, 3 ; masturbation, 4 ; miscella
neous, 8 ; no assigned cause, 69 ; total, 97. Civil condition — married, 42 ; single, 47 ; Avidowed,
8. Occupation of those admitted — farmers, 20 ; house-keepers, 36 ; laborers, 24 ; domestic ser
vants, 7 ; no occupation, 3; miscellaneous, 7. Age of tbose admitted — from 10 to 20, 7; from
20 to 30, 21 ; from 30 to 40, 31 ; from 40 to 50, 19 ; from 50 to GO, 15 ; from 60 to 90, 4.
State Prison, Stilhvater. JOHN S. PROCTOB, Warden. Number of convicts, November 30,
1866, 35 ; received during the year, 36; total number confined, 71. There have been discharged
— on expiration of sentence, 5 ; pardoned, 20 ; died, 1 ; remaining Nov. 30, 1867, 45. Term of
sentence of those received during the year — from 1 to 2 years, 16 ; 2 to 3 years, 10 ; 3 to 4 years,
5 ; 4 to 10 years, 4 ; pleasure of Legislature, 1 ; total, 36. Age — under 20, 6 ; between 20 and 30,
19 ; 30 and 40, 4 ; 40 and 50, 7. Nativity— United States, 24 ; foreign countries, 12. Crimes-
larceny, 17 ; desertion from army, 4 ; theft, 3 ; burglary, 2; forgery, 2 ; miscellaneous, 8. Whole
number of convicts confined since the organization of the State — white males, 130 ; colored
males, 3 ; total, 133.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of this State was in 1850, 6,077; in 1860, 172,413, an in
crease in 10 years of more than 2,760 per cent. ; in 1865, the population was
250,000. The immigration in 1867 was 50,000, and the whole population
was then estimated at 400,000. The Legislature, in 1867, appropriated $20,-
000 to promote immigration, and created a Board of Immigration Commis
sioners, consisting of the Governor, Secretary of State, and one member ap
pointed.
1869.] MISSISSIPPI. 387
The situation of this State near the center of the continent, and upon the
summit of the plateau which embraces the head waters of the three great
river systems of North America, gives it special advantages. The total area
of the State is 51,479,242 acres, of which 32,000,000 acres are arable land.
Agriculture is the prominent interest and wheat the staple production, but
the hardier grains, potatoes, hay, honey, and maple sugar, are becoming im
portant. The lumber business is constantly increasing. Copper, lead, iron,
gold and silver have been discovered in some parts of the State, but the
mines have not been sufficiently developed to give any proper estimate of
their value.
In the northern part of the State is an immense forest region, esti
mated to cover upwards of 21,000 square miles, constituting one of the great
sources of wealth and industry of the State. West of the Mississippi, lying
between it and the Minnesota, and extending south of that stream, is the
"Big Woods,'' about 100 miles in length and 40 miles wide. This district is
full of lakes, and broken by small openings. The prevailing woods are oak,
maple, elm, ash, basswood, butternut, black walnut, and hickory.
Products. In 1854, the number of plowed acres in the State was only 15,000 ; in 1860, there
were 433,276 ; in 1866, 1,000,000, and in 1867, over 1,200,000; in 1865, upwards of 8,000,000 bush
els of wheat were exported, in 1866 over 10,000,000 bushels, and in 1867 the aggregate yield was
as great.
In 1861, the exports of lumber from this State were about 30,000,000 feet. This trade is con
stantly increasing; in 1865 upwards of 83,000,000 feet were manufactured at St. Anthony and St.
Croix Falls, besides 15,500,000 shingles, and 16,500,000 laths. The products of 111,000,000 logs,
of an aggregate value of $1,662,810 were exported. In 1866, the amount of logs and lumber
cut and manufactured was about 175,000,000 feet ; in 1867, about 276,000,000 feet.
The steamboat business of Minnesota is as yet confined to the Mississippi, the Minnesota
and the St. Croix rivers. On the Mississippi, the business is principally done by the "North
Western Union Packet Company,1' which in 1868 owned 11 first class packets, 19 stern wheel
steamers, together with 131 barges, and employed over 2,000 men. The capital stock of this
company is $1,500,000. Their boats ply between Dubuque and St. Paul, and La Crosse and St.
Paul. The Northern Line boats ply between St. Louis and St. Paul, and consist of 9 first class
side-wheel packets, 8 stern-wheel steamers, and 60 barges— a boat leaving St. Louis and St.
Paul daily. The aggregate tonnage at St. Paul, for 1867, was 13,308.22 tons.
Minnesota possesses ample and effective water power. The falls and rapids of St. Anthony
alone, with a total descent of 64 feet, afford an available hydraulic capacity, according to an ex
perienced and competent engineer, of 120,000 horse power. There are now at the Falls of St.
Anthony, 13 grist mills, 14 saw mills, 2 woolen mills, 2 paper mills, 1 oil mill. These with
minor establishments there, produced in 1867, $4,669,358 worth of manufactured articles. There
were in the State 511 manufacturing establishments in 1860, with an aggregate capital of $2,500,-
000, producing annually $4.500,000 worth of manufactures. The number of establishments in
186S, is estimated at 2,000, with a capital of $10,000,000.
19. MISSISSIPPI.
Capital, Jackson. Area, 47,156 square miles. Population, (1860), 791,305.
Mississippi was settled by the Spaniards about the year 1540, and at
Natchez by the French in 1716. It was organized as a territory, April 7,
1789, and admitted into the Union as a State, December 10, 1817. An ordi
nance of secession was adopted by a State convention, January 9, 1861, and
declared null and void by another convention, on the 22d of August, 1865.
By the act of Congress of March 2, 1867, this State with Arkansas, was
388 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
placed in the 4th Military District, under the command of Major General
Ord, by whom an election was ordered on the first Monday of November. At
this election, a majority voted for a convention, which assembled at Jackson,
January 7, 1868, and adopted a new constitution, May 15, which was sub
mitted to the people June 22, but rejected by a majority of 7,629. The State
has not been admitted to representation in Congress.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. SALARY.
Governor B. B. EGGLESTON $3,000
Lieutenant Governor A. J. JAMIESON
Secretary of State R. J. ALCON
Treasurer D. McA. WILLIAMS
Auditor WILLIAM A. MORGAN
Attorney General J. S. MORRIS
School Superintendent CHARLES W. CLARKE
Under the former constitution the Senate was composed of 32 members
elected for four years, and the House of Representatives of 92 members
elected for two years ; the sessions of the Legislature were biennial.
The constitution adopted by the convention May 15, 1868, provides that
all male inhabitants of this State, except idiots, and insane persons, and In
dians not taxed, citizens of the United States or naturalized, twenty-one
years old and upwards, who have resided in the State six months, and in the
county one month next preceding the day of election at which said inhabit
ant offers to vote, and who are duly registered, and who are not disqualified
by reason of any crime, are qualified electors.
JUDICIARY.
The High Court of Errors and Appeals consists of a Chief Justice and
two Associate Justices. It has appellate jurisdiction only.
The Circuit Courts have original iurisdiction in actions and suits when
the principal involved exceeds $250.
Chancery Courts are held in each judicial district of the State, by the
Judges of the Circuit Court for such district, at the same time and place
appointed for holding the Circuit Court of each county. And at least one
week of every term is given to the chancery side of the docket. This court
has jurisdiction in all matters of equity, provided the matter or thing in
controversy shall exceed $250.
By an act of November 24, 1865, the county court was established, with
inferior criminal and civil jurisdiction to the Circuit Courts.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge— Northern and Soutfarn Districts, Robert
A. Hill. District Attorney— Northern District, James E. Stewart ; Southern District, R. Leach-
man. Marshals— Northern District, John Blevins ; Southern District, R. H. Winter.
HIGH COURT OF ERRORS AND APPEALS.
Chief Justice, A. H. Handy, Canton.
Associate Justices, H. T. Ellet, Port Gibson ; W. L. Harris, Columbus. Clerk, S. Livingston.
Reporter, R. O. Reynolds.
1869.] MISSISSIPPI. 389
CIRCUIT COURTS.
1st District, Judge, James M. Smiley ; Attorney, M. V. B. Huff. 2tf District, Judge, John E.
McNair ; Attorney, R. P. Willing. 3d District, Judge, J. S. Yerger ; Attorney, H. V. Booth. 4th
District, Judge, John Watts ; Attorney, A. Y. Harper. 5th District, Judge, J. A. P. Campbell ;
Attorney, S. S. Calhoun. Gtk District, Judge, H. W. Foote ; Attorney, T. H. Woods. 1th Dis
trict, Judge, A. M. Clayton ; Attorney, G. E. Harris. Sf/i District, Judge, William M. Hancock ;
Attorney, C. A. Smith. 9th District, Judge, W. D. Bradford; Attorney, J.A.Blair. Wth District,
Judge, Win. Cothran ; Attorney, W. R. Barksdale.
TERMS OF COURTS.
An act of the Legislature passed at the called session, February 1867, provides for the holding
of the High Court of Errors in four districts, the head-quarters of the 1st District being at Jack
son, the 2d at Oxford, the 3d at Macon, the 4th at Mississippi City. The Circuit Courts are held
semi-aunually in each county.
FINANCES.
We have been able to obtain no reliable statement for 1867 or 1868.
Receipts for 1866, .... $569,045
Disbursements for the same time, 507,086
Balance in Treasury Jan. 1, 1867, $61,932
EDUCATION.
According to the census of 1860, there were in Mississippi 13 colleges,
having 856 students; 1,116 public schools, having 30,970 pupils, $385,679
income, $107,947 of which was from public funds, $29,689 from taxation,
and $21,205 from endowments; 169 academies and other schools, having
7,974 pupils, $313,522 income, $44,211 of which was public funds, and $37,-
875 was endowments.
Most of these institutions were closed during the war, and a portion of
the buildings and other property was destroyed. A few have been reorga
nized, but the unsettled condition of the State and the lack of educational
funds have prevented the adoption of an efficient school system. The Uni
versity of Mississippi has had about 200 students in attendance.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
Previous to the war, an Asylum for the Blind, one for the Deaf and Dumb
and an Insane Hospital, were in operation at Jackson.
The Mississippi State Penitentiary was turned over to the United States
Government, January 17, 1868, by special command of the executive of the
State, and was placed in charge of First Lieutenant John R. Hynes of the
24th U. S. Infantry, as Superintendent. The number of prisoners, Septem
ber 25, 1868, was 356, the annual expense $20,500. The income from labor,
exclusive of that employed on the prison, or by the government, is not more
than $1,000. The prison was in a dilapidated condition when turned over
to the United States Government. It had been leased out, but for some
causes it became necessary to apply to the U. S. Government for relief.
Mississippi State Institution for the Education of the Blind, Jackson. WILLIAM
MERRILL, A. M., Superintendent. Number of pupils during 1865-6, 24; average number, 20;
current expenses, $8,000.
390 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of the State at different periods was as follows :
Whites. Free Colored. glares. Total. Inc. per cent.
1800 5,179 182 3,489 8,850
1810 23,024 240 17,088 40,352 355.95
1820 42,176 458 32,814 75,448 86.97
1S30 70,443 519 65,659 136,621 81.08
1840 179,074 1,366 195,211 375,651 174.96
1850 295,718 930 309,878 606,526 61.46
1860 353,901 773 436,631 791,305 30.47
Only about one third of the area of the State was under cultivation in
1860. The great staple was cotton, in the production of which Mississippi
ranks third. Since the close of the war its culture has been increased, but
a larger proportion of the cultivated land than formerly, is employed in the
production of wheat and com.
Products. The principal products in 1866 were— corn, 11,913,650 bushels, value $18,704,430 ;
wheat, 258,687 bushels, value $654,478 ; rye, 23,684 bushels, value $48,078 ; oats, 101,768 bushels,
value $110,927 ; potatoes, 385,318 bushels, value $246,604 ; tobacco, 165,507 Ibs., value $49,652 ;
hay, 29,611 tons, value $814,302.
20. MISSOURI.
Capital, Jefferson City. Area, 65,350 square miles. Population, (1860), 1,182,012.
Missouri was settled at St. Genevieve in 1763 by the French. It was part
of the territory ceded by France, by the treaty of April 30, 1803, was organ
ized into a separate territory, June 4, 1812, and admitted into the union as
a State, Dec. 14, 1821. A new Constitution was adopted by the Constitu
tional Convention, April 8, 1865, and ratified by the vote of the people on
the 6th of June ; it went into effect July 4, 1865.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. SALARY
Governor Jos. W. MCCLURG $5,000
Lieutenant Governor '. EDWIN O. STANNARD
Secretary of State JOHN RODMAN 2,500
^Treasurer W. Q. DOLLMEYER 3,000
Auditor DANIEL DRAPER 3,000
Register of Lands Jos. H. McGEE 3,000
Attorney General HORACE B. JOHNSON 3,000
Supt. of Public Schools T. A. PARKER 3,000
The above officers are chosen at the general election on the first Tuesday
after the first Monday in November, every two years, 1868, 1870, &c., and hold
office for two years.
The Senators, 34 in number, are chosen from as many districts, for four
years, one-half biennially ; the Representatives, 200 in number, are chosen
for two years, all at the same time as State officers. The compensation of
Senators and Representatives is $5 per day, and $5 for every 25 miles of travel.
The Lieutenant Governor, the President pro tern, of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House receive each $7 per day. The General Assembly meets
once in two years, on the last Monday in December.
1869.] MISSOURI. 391
White male citizens of the United States, and white male persons of for
eign birth, who may have declared their intention to become citizens of the
United States, according to law, not less than one year nor more than five
years before they offer to vote, who have resided one year in the State, and
sixty days in the county, city or town, are entitled to vote. After 1876, new
voters must be able to read and write unless disabled therefrom by physical
disability.
JUDICIARY.
The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and District
Courts. The Supreme Court consists of three Judges, the Circuit Courts of
one Judge for each of the 20 circuits. There are six Districts, in each of
which is a District Court, held by the Judges of the Circuit Courts embraced
in the District.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. Clerk, Benjamin F. Hickman.
District Judges, Samuel Treat ; A Krekel. District Attorney, C. G. Mauro. Clerks, Benjamin
F. Hickman ; Adams Peabody. Marshal, J. B. Eogers.
SUPREME COURT.
Judges. David Wagner, Lewis C. Philemon Bliss and Warren Currier, St. Louis.
Clerks. O F. Fishback, St. Louis; Wm. M. Albin, St. Joseph; N. C. Burch, Jefferson City.
Marshal, Wm. S. Voois, St. Louis. Salaries of Judges, $3,000 each.
TERMS OF COURTS.
United States Circuit Court. First Monday in April and October, at St. Louis.
United States District Court. Third Mondays in February, May and November ; for Eastern
District at St. Louis, Western District at Jefferson City.
Supreme Court. At Jefferson City, second Monday in January and first Monday in July ; at
St. Louis, third Monday in March and October ; at St. Joseph, third Monday in February and
August.
District Courts. 1st District at Jefferson City, 1st Monday in June, and December. 2d Dis
trict at Cape Girardeau, 2d Monday in February and July. 3d District at Springfield, 3d Monday in
June and December. 4th District at Macon City, 3d Monday in January and July. 5th District
at St. Joseph, 4th Monday in June and December. 6th District at St. Charles, 2d Monday in
January and July. The terms of the Circuit Courts were altered by the Legislature in 1868.
FINANCES.
Balance in treasury, Oct. 1, 1867, $3,148,497.01
Receipts from all sources to December 31, 1868, 15 months, - 9,443,001.51
Total $12,591,498.52
Disbursements, 11,852,951.00
Balance, December 31, 1868, $738,547.52
The total annual interest for which the State must provide is $1,095,050,
payable semi-annually.
The expenditures for the two fiscal years of 1866 and 1867, were as follows :
Amount. • Average per year.
For the executive and administrative departments $07,888.04 $48,944.02
For the legislative department 531,276.27 265,6:38.13
For the judiciary department 5^3.422.80 251,711.40
For public charities 157,997.65 78,998.82
For other purposes 426,899.48 213,449.74
The whole expenses of the Legislative, Judicial and Executive Departments, can be met by
the levy of a two mill tax.
392 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
STATE DEBT.
The total bonded debt of the State, December 31, 1868, was
The State debt proper, - - $453,000
Internal improvement debt, - - - - - - - 21,153,000
War debt, - 48,000
Total, - $21,654,000
EDUCATION.
Provision is made by the Constitution and laws of this State for the main
tenance of a State University, and a Free Public School system
The University, chartered in 1838-9, went into full operation on the 4th
of July, 1843. The annual income of the proceeds of the " Seminary lands,"
was set aside for its support, and the legislature, in 1867, made further pro
vision by appropriating a portion of the public school fund.
The only department of the University in operation previous to 1867, was
the College of Science and Letters. Two additional Colleges were estab
lished that year, one of Normal instruction, the other of Law. The College
of Normal Instruction was opened Sept, 16, 1867. By the State Constitu
tion, the Legislature is required to establish and maintain an Agricultural
Department in the University.
The Normal College, under Prof. E. L. Ripley, has opened favorably, and
promises to be a great benefit to the teachers of Central Missouri.
The corner stone of the Missouri Normal University at Marionville, Law
rence Co., was laid on July 4, 1868 ; the building belongs to the Lawrence
County Teacher's Institute. A private Normal School is in operation at
Kirksville.
The State Superintendent exercises a general supervision over the public
schools, and the educational funds.
Each and every Congressional township composes but one school district,
and is confided to the management and control of a Board of Education ;
smaller divisions are to be regarded as sub-districts, and to be confided to the
management and control of local directors. A school director is appointed
in each sub-district. The several school directors of the sub-districts of a
Township constitute the Board of Education, which has power to change
and alter sub-districts, establish central or high schools, hire or dismiss
teachers and classify the children of the township.
A County Superintendent is elected in each county every two years. The
General Assembly in 1 867 nearly doubled the capital of the Public School Fund.
The city of St. Louis has an excellent system of Public Schools, including a
Normal School, a High School, 31 District Schools and 3 colored schools.
Public Schools. Number of children in State between five and twenty-one years of age,
476,192; number in public schools, 169,270; number of public schools, 4,840; whole number of
teachers— males, 2,982; females, 3,280 ; total, 6,262; number of schools— primary and interme
diate, 4,534 ; high, 99 ; total, 4,633 ; average number months taught, 4£; average attendance per
month, 42 1-5 ; whole number of school houses — brick, 176; stone, 74; frame, 1,557; log, 2.173;
total, 3,980; total value of school houses in the State, $1,480,729; amount of township fund,
$978,073; State school fund, $1,687,074; levied for school purposes, $870,650; amount paid for
1869.] MISSOURI. 393
teachers' wages, $641,974 • amount received from the State, $17,287 ; amount received from
township, $119,610 ; from fines and penalties, $37,758; amount raised for building and repairing
school houses, $157,017; total, $331,672. Whole amount paid for teachers' wages, $641,974 ;
for fuel and contingencies, $72,694 ; for purchasing grounds, $18,598 ; for building and repairing
school houses, $310,737 ; for rent of rooms, $8,804 ; for furniture and apparatus. $21,334 ; total,
$1,074.141. Number volumes in school libraries, 15,644; value school furniture, $5,644; value
school apparatus, $4,791 : amount of money unexpended, $49,044 ; of indebtedness, $123,712.
St. Louis. Census for Nov. 1866, 204,000 ; number between 5 and 21 years of age (drawing
State money), 66,880 ; estimated number between 6 and 16 years of age, 40,800 ; number of
school houses — owned by the Board, all brick, 27 ; rented, 8; total, 35; heated with stoves, 24;
with furnaces, 11 ; number of school-rooms, 266; estimated value of school sites, $264,183.28;
of buildings and furniture, $419,941.64 ; total value of property used for school purposes, $684,-
124.92. Average number of teachers, (including music teachers) — males, 21 ; females, 208 ; total,
229; principals, 34; assistants, 195; music teachers, 2; drawing teacher, 1. Number in the
Normal School, 3 ; in the High School, 9 ; in the District Schools, 208; in colored schools, 7.
Number of pupils enrolled— boys, 7,846 ; girls, 7,445 ; total, 15,291. Normal School— girls, 65 ;
High School— boys, 116 ; girls, 165 ; total, 281. District Schools— boys, 7,061 ; girls. 7,193 ; total,
14,851. Colored Schools— boys, 185; girls, 252; total, 437. Average number belonging, 10,754;
average daily attendance, 10,029 ; per cent, of attendance, 94 ; amount of teachers' salaries,
$159,668.80 ; rate per scholar on average number belonging, $14.85 ; incidental expenses, includ
ing Janitor's salaries, books, stationery, etc., $21,408.51 ; cost of incidentals per scholar, $1.99 ;
total cost of teachers' salaries and incidentals, $181,077.31 ; total cost per scholar on average
number belonging, $16.84.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Institution for the education of the Blind at St. Louis, was establish
ed in 1851. It has been supported partly by the State, and partly by private
contributions.
The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Fulton, was not completed until
1834, though the buildings were opened in 1851. The Asylum for the In
sane at Fulton, Avas suspended in 1861, in consequence of the rebellion; it
was re-opened in 1803. The legislature has fixed an annual appropriation
for its support, and the number of patients has largely increased.
In the State Penitentiary a change has been made in the system of hiring
out the labor of convicts, by which contracts are made with different indi
viduals in different branches, and the receipts will be largely increased. The
general condition of the prison is reported good.
Missouri Institution for the Education of the Blind, St. Louis. H. R. FOSTER,
Superintendent. Number of pupils under instruction from Nov. 1, 1866, to Nov. 1, 1867, 76 ; of
former pupils, 55 ; of admissions, 21 ; discharged, 25 ; present, Nov. 1, 1867, 51. Of the 26 dis
charged, 6 were retained in the institution as teachers, 11 follow the trade of broom making, 2
removed from the State, and 6 withdrawn for various reasons. 8 were employed exclusively in
the mechanical department ; 2 received musical instruction only, and 66 instruction in two Or
three departments. 190 doz. brooms manufactured. Amount of sales, $524.65. No death or
protracted illness during the year. Number of inmates Sept. 21, 1868, 70. State appropriation,
$10,000. Expenses for year ending Nov. 1867, $14,600.
Asylum for the Insane, Fulton. C. H. HUGHES, Superintendent. Number remaining
at last report, 265 ; admitted since— males, 96 ; females. 68; total admitted, 164 ; total number
of patients, 429. Recovered, 41 ; improved, 10 ; stationary, 14 ; died, 31 ; total discharged, 96 ;
remaining, Nov. 26, 1867, 333. Supposed cause of insanity of those admitted since last report,
hereditary, 19 ; epilepsy, 7 ; injuries to the head, 5 ; intemperance, 5 ; ill health, 12 ; masturba
tion, 13 ; puerperal, 5 ; pecuniary embarassment, 7 ; miscellaneous and unknown. 85. Occupa
tion of males, farmers, 46 ; laborers, 13 ; physicians; 3 ; carpenters, 2 ; tailors, 2 ; miscellaneous,
21 ; females, housewives, 38 ; domestics, 13 ; domestic pursuits, 12 ; miscellaneous, 8. Civil
condition, married, 62 ; single, 59 ; widows, 7 ; widowers, 4 ; unascertained, 26. Ages of those
admitted, under 20 years, 15 ; from 20 to 30, 48 ; from 30 to 40, 49 ; from 40 to 50, 26 ; from 50 to
394 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AXD REGISTER. [1869.
60,12; from 60 to 70, 6 ; from 70 to 80, 2. Nativity, Americans, 90; Irish, 20; Germans, 25;
unknown, 13. Number of patients Oct. 1SG8, 359. Income from State, $10,000 ; counties, $34,-
712.70; individuals, $12,001.93 ; articles sold, $381.10; total, $55,720.75.
State Penitentiary, Jefferson City. HORACE A. SWIFT, Warden. Number of convicts
Dec. 5, 1SG4, 384; received from Dec. 5, 1864, to Dec. 2, 1806, 1,005 ; total, 1,389; discharged by
expiration of sentence, 112 ; pardoned, 031 ; released— on requisitions, 4; on writs of habeas
corpus, 3 ; to Insane asylum, 4 ; escaped, 21 ; died, 8 ; remaining in prison Dec. 2, 1866, 597, of
whom there were from 15 to 20 years, 119 ; from 20 to 25, 193 ; from 25 to 30, 137 ; from 30 to 40,
90 ; from 40 to 50, 40 : from 50 to 60, 11 ; from GO to 70, 2 ; unknown, 5 ; 7 were sentenced 1 year,
2(58 for 2 years, 116 for three years, 97 from 3 to 5 years, 76 from 5 to 10 years, 15 from 10 to 15
years, 7 from 15 to 30 years, 2 for 99 years, for life, 9. The crimes of convicts in prison Dec. 2,
1S66, were— assault to kill, 18 ; burglary, 10 ; burglary and larceny, 33 ; counterfeiting treasury
Kotes, 26; grand larceny, 383 ; murder, 21 ; military offences, 32; robbery, 23; miscellaneous,
51. Nativity of the convicts, Canadians, 9 ; English, 16 ; French, 6; Germans, 41; Irish, 88;
Scotch, 6 ; Americans, 408 ; miscellaneous and unknown, 20. 89 were illiterate, 73 could only
read, 426 could read and write, 9 were versed in foreign languages ; 447 were unmarried, 123 were
married, 27 unknown. The early training was— good, 226 ; bad, 128 ; indifferent, 145 ; slave,
71 ; unknown, 27 ; had parents— living, 209 ; dead, 363 ; unknown, 25.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of Missouri, at different periods, as given by the United
States census was as follows:
White. Free Colored. Slave. Total. Inc. per cent.
1810 17,227 607 3,011 20,845
1820 55,988 347 10,222 66,557 219.43
1830 '... 114,795 569 25,091 140,455 110.94
1840 323,888 1,574 58,240 383,702 173.18
1S50 592,004 2,618 87,422... 682,044 77.75
I860 1,003,509 3,572 114,931 1,182,012 73.30
The population in 1867 was estimated at 1,500,000.
The soil of Missouri is remarkable for its variety and excellence. Its agri
cultural capacities are attracting increased attention. In 1860, returns ex
hibited an advance of from fifty to five hundred per cent, over the aggregate
of 1850, in the production of live stock, cereals, tobacco, rice, hay, peas,
beans, potatoes, fruits, wines, butter, cheese, molasses of all kinds, honey
and wax, wool, slaughtered animals, and of the orchard and garden pro
ducts. The great staple is Indian corn, to the production of which, the rich
prairies and hot summers of Missouri are particularly adapted. More hemp
is produced in this State than in any other except Kentucky. Cotton is pro
duced in the Southern portion of the State. Fruits reach a rare size and
delicacy of flavor. Trees and vines grow rapidly and bear largely.
Portions of the State are peculiarly adapted to the growth of the vine.
The net profits of 2% acres planted in 1861, amounted in 1865 to $19,678.80,
or $5,935.76 per acre profit in five years.
Missouri is rich in mineral wealth. The iron region around Iron Mountain
and Pilot Knob is unsurpassed in the world for the abundance and purity
of deposits. Copper is found extensively deposited, being most abundant
near the La Motto mines. It is also found with nickel, manganese, iron,
cobalt, and lead, in combinations yielding from thirty to forty per cent. All
of these metals, except nickel, exist in considerable quantities; also silver,
in combination with lead ore and tin. Limestone, marble and other build
ing materials are abundant, especially north of the Missouri. Coal under-
1869.] NEBRASKA. 395
lies a large portion of Missouri, having already been discovered in 30 counties.
The whole State is supposed to contain more than 100,000,000,000 tons.
The position of Missouri, at the central point of the Mississippi river sys
tem, is admirable for the control of the commerce of the vast interior basin
of the continent. To superior water communication there has been added
an expansive system of railroad improvement.
The manufacturing establishments, in 1860, were 3,157, with a capital of .$20,034,220, employ
ing a large laboring force. The expense of production, including raw material and labor, was
$30,519,657, the value of the products being $41,781,651, giving a profit of $11,261,994, or fifty-five
per cent, on the capital. The receipts of grain, including flour, at St. Louis were 18,680,500
bushels. The mills of the city manufactured 820,000 barrels of flour.
In the district of St. Louis, on the 1st of January, 1867, the amount of tonnage, exclusive of
a large number of barges and canal boats which made occasional trips, was 106,600 tons, with a
carrying capacity of 186,000 tons, and a value of $10,376,000. There are in St. Louis in addition
to 20 private banks, 38 Insurance Companies, 31 incorporated banking institutions, with an
actual capital of $15,000,000.
In 1867, there were produced in the State, 20,244,028 bushels of corn, and 2,085,301 bushels
of wheat.
21. NEBRASKA.
Capital, Omaha. Area, 75,995 square miles. Population, (1860), 28,842.
Nebraska came into the possession of the United States in 1803 as part of
the Louisiana purchase. It was settled by emigrants from the Northern and
Western States, and was organized as a Territory in May, 1854. An enabling
act was passed by Congress, March 21, 1804. A constitution was formed by
the State Convention, which was ratified by the people, June 8, 1866. In
January, 1867, an act of admission as a State, conditioned that there should
be no denial of the elective franchise, or of any other right to any person by
reason of race or color, excepting Indians not taxed, passed both houses of
Congress, but was vetoed by the President. The act was passed over the
veto on the 8th and 9th of February.
The Legislature assembled, according to the conditions, and on the 1st of
March, Nebraska was declared a state of the Union, by proclamation of the
President. At a session of the Legislature, in 1867, provision was made for
locating the seat of government, and for the erection of public buildings.
The place selected for this purpose by the Commissioners is to be called
Lincoln.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor DAVID BUTLER Lincoln $2,500
Secretly of State THOMAS P. KENNARD Lincoln 2,000
Treasurer JAMES SWEET Nebraska City
Auditor JOHN GILLESPIE Omaha
Attorney Gemral C. S. CHASE Omaha
Adjutant General C. H. GERE Lincoln
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State and Treasurer, are
elected by the legal voters for two years, and the Auditor for four years ; the
election, which is biennial, is on the second Tuesday in October. The Sena
tors, 13 in number, and the Representatives, 39 in number, are chosen at the
396 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
same time, for two years. Members of both houses of the General Assembly
receive $3.00 per day for the session not exceeding forty days, and ten cents
per mile travel.
Male citizens of the United States, and persons of foreign birth who have
declared their intention to become citizens, 21 years of age or upwards, who
have resided in the state the time required by law, are entitled to vote.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of Nebraska is vested in a Supreme Court, District
Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court
consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, elected by the people,
who hold their offices during the period of six years. One term of the Su
preme Court must be held annually at Omaha, the seat of government. For
District Court purposes, the state is divided into three judicial districts, in
each of which one of the Justices of the Supreme Court holds the sessions.
The Supreme and District Courts respectively possess chancery as well as
common law jurisdiction.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. District Attorney. S. A. Strickland. Marshal, Casper E. Yost.
SUPREME COURT.
Judges, O. P. Mason, George B. Lake, L. Crounse.
Attorneys, elected Oct. 13, 1868. 1st Attorney, O. B. Herrett ; 2d Attorney, J. C. Corwin ; M. At-
/, E. F. Gray.
FINANCES.
On hand December 1, 1866, . - - $9,113.64
Receipts to April 30, 1867, 1,632.82
Total, - $10,746.18
Warrants, &c., paid, 10,833.78
Overdrawn, $87.60
SINKING FUND.
On hand December 1, 1800 $14,210.72
Receipts to April 30, 18(57 856.38
Discount on bonds cancelled 117.00
Total $15,184.10
Coupons and interest 2.638.37
Bonds Redeemed 7,650.00
Total $10,238.37
On hand $4,845.73
The miscellaneous Receipts were $27,500.00
Total $32,020.73
Less overpaid in General Fund 87.60
Total in Treasury $31,933.18
1869.] NEBRASKA. 397
EDUCATION.
There is in the State, a Board of Education, which consists of the Super
intendent of Public Instruction, the State Treasurer, and five other persons
appointed by the Governor. This Board has the charge of the Normal
School, appoints its teachers and makes general regulations for it. The Su
perintendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of the schools
of the State. In 1867, the trustees of the Seminary at Peru, Nemaha County
offered the seminary building to the State for Normal School purposes. The
liberal offer was accepted by the State, and the Legislature, by an act passed,
June, 1867, established the Normal School, and located it at Peru. The site
includes sixty acres of land on high rolling ground, in view of the Missouri
river for sixteen miles. The building is of brick, eighty feet long and forty
feet wide, and three stories high. The estimated value of the site and the
building complete is $25,000. The Legislature at its last session appropriated
three thousand dollars to aid in fitting up the new building, and also twenty
sections of land for an endowment. Prof. J. M. McKenzie was elected Prin
cipal. Two assistants were also appointed, and the school wras opened Oct.
24, 1867. •
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of Nebraska in 1860 was 28.841 ; the inviting features of
the country stimulated immigration to such an extent, that in 1867 the State
was admitted into the Union, having attained the requisite number of
inhabitants.
The soil of the eastern portion is exceedingly fertile ; the prairies are covered
with a heavy sod, the matted growth of ages of vegetation, several teams of
oxen being required to break it ; the subsequent tillage is comparatively easy,
the ground being rendered light and mellow. Along the rivers are groves
of oak, walnut, cottonwood, hickory and willow. In 1860, the farms of
Nebraska embraced 118,789 acres of improved land and 512,425 of unim
proved. The peculiar character of soil and climate indicate that stock-raising
will become a very important and remunerative branch of its agricultural
enterprise. The public lands remaining undisposed of, are equal to about
forty-two and a third million of acres.
Thin coal-beds, fifteen to eighteen inches thick, have been found in various
localities, and worked with considerable profit ; an out-crop at Nebraska
City having been advantageously worked by drifting in a distance of three
hundred yards.
The counties of Otoe, Nemaha and Richardson contain more timber than
any other portions of the State. Considerable attention has been given to
the cultivation of fruit and forest trees.
Products in 1866. Indian corn, 2,095,030 bushels, value, $1,424,620 ; wheat.. 257,839 bush
els, value, $317,142; Oats, 450,138 bushels, value, $207,063; potatoes, 120,319 bushels, value,
$210,558.
Banks. There were, in 1868, four National Banks, with $350,000 capital.
398 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1B69.
22. NEVADA.
Capital,, Carson City. Area, 112,090 square miles. Population, (I860), 6,857.
The region from which this state was formed was a portion of the terri
tory acquired by the United States from Mexico under the treaty of Guada-
lupe Hidalgo, belonging previous to its transfer to the department of Alta
California. The first settlements were made in 1848. Nevada was organized
as a territory, March 2, 1861, and admitted into the Union as a state, Octo
ber 31, 18G4. It extends from the 37th to the 43d meridian of Longitude
west from Washington, and from the 42d degree of Latitude to where the
Colorado river first meets the boundary of California, about latitude 35°.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. gALART.
Governor HENRY G. BLASDEL. $0,000
Lieutenant Governor JAMES S. SLINGERLAND 3.000
Attorney General ROBERT M. CLARKE 2,500
Sewetary of State CHAUNCEY N. NOTEWARE 3,600
State Treasurer ECEN RIIOADES 3,600
State Comptroller W>i. K. PARKINSON 2.000
Superintendent Public Instruction A. N. FISHER 3,600
Surveyor General S. H. MARLETTE 3,600
The members of the executive government are chosen by the qualified
voters of the state, and hold office for four years. The term of office of the
present government will expire on the first Monday in January, 1871. The
Legislature is composed of 57 members, 19 Senators and 38 Assemblymen,
chosen by the qualified voters of the counties. Every white male citizen of
the United States 21 years of age, who has resided six months in the state,
and thirty days in the county, is entitled to vote. Persons convicted of
treason or felony and not restored to civil rights, idiots and insane persons
are excluded.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the state is vested in a Supreme Court, District
Courts, Probate Courts, and in justices of the peace. The Supreme Court
consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, who hold their offices
during a period of four years. For District Court purposes the state is di
vided into nine districts, in each of which one of the Justices of the Su
preme Court holds the sessions. The Supreme and District Courts have
Chancery as well as common-law jurisdiction. The Judges and county offi
cers are elected by the people.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Stephen J. Field. District Judge, Alexander W. Baldwin. District Attorney,
Win. Campbell. Marshal, Edward Irwin.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, H. O. Beatty. Associate Justices, J. Neely Johnson— term expires 1869 ; James
P. Lewis— term expires 1873. Salary of each, $7,000.
TERMS OF COURTS.
Supreme Court, 1st Monday in January, April, July, and October. First Judicial Distnct, 1st
Monday in January, March, June, and October. Second Judicial District, Ormsby Co., 1st Mon-
1809.]
day in March, June, September, and December. Second Judicial District, Douglas Co., 1st
Monday in February, May, August, and November. Third Judicial District, 1st Monday in
February, May, August, and November. Fourth Judicial District, 1st Monday in March, June,
September, and December. Fifth Judicial District, 1st Monday in April, August, and Decem
ber. Sixth Judicial District, 1st Monday in March, June, September, and December. Seventh
Judicial District, Nye Co., 1st Monday in January, April, and August. Seventh Judicial Dis
trict, Churchill Co., 1st Monday in March, July, and November. Eighth Judicial District, 1st
Monday in February, May, August, and November. Ninth Judicial District, 1st Monday in
March, August, and December.
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury, Jan. 1, 1866, - $51,000
Receipts from all sources, - 425,000
Total, $476,000
Disbursements, - - 320,000
Balance in Treasury, Jan. 1, 1867, - - - $156,000
STATE DEBT.
January, 1867, (coin), $278,000.
The Governor in his message to the last Legislature, recommended the
negotiation of a loan of $300,000, which with accruing revenues, would pro
vide for the indebtedness of the state and the current expenses until the
next meeting of the Legislature in 1869.
EDUCATION.
While Nevada existed as a territory, important steps were taken towards
the organization of a system of public education, and since its admission
into the Union as a state, this system has been farther perfected. The school
laws of 1865, as amended in 1867, provide for a State Board of Education,
which consists of the Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and
the Surveyor General of the State. This Board has a special supervision of
the State School Fund, and holds semi-annual sessions for the purpose of de
vising plans for its improvement and for the management and the better or
ganization of public schools. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has
a general supervision of Public Schools.
There is in each county, a county superintendent elected for two years,
who apportions the school money in the county treasury to school districts,
and exercises a general supervision over all the public schools of his county,
visiting each at least once in each year. He appoints the school trustees,
where districts fail to elect, presides over and conducts county teachers' in
stitutes, and reports annually to the State Superintendent.
There are in each school district three trustees, one of whom is appointed
annually by the qualified voters of the district for a term of three years.
The Board of Trustees is a body corporate, with power to purchase, hold
or convey school property, and it has the care of all in its district. The
trustees employ teachers, provide school-rooms with maps, furniture and other
necessary appendages, grade the schools, apportion the school fund, suspend
or expel insubordinate pupils, and report annually to the county superintend-
400 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
ent. A Board of Examiners consisting of three competent persons, is ap
pointed for each county by the State Superintendent. This Board examines
all applicants and grants certificates of qualification to teachers of public
schools.
This state has received from the United States 3,661,680 acres of govern
ment lands, which arc appropriated to educational purposes.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
Governor Blasdel in two messages to the Legislature has recommended
that provision be made for the care of the insane, by creating a fund for this
purpose to be drawn upon until the state is provided with an Asylum, and
permanent arrangements have been made for the treatment of this unfor
tunate class.
Before being admitted into the Union as a state, Nevada was provided
with a territorial prison, and the prison buildings have thus far been found
sufficient for the state.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
For ten years after the first settlement, the population increased slowly,
there being less than 1,000 inhabitants within the limits of the state in 1859.
The discovery of silver that year attracted immigration to such an extent
that in 1861, there were nearly 17,000 inhabitants. The estimated popula
tion in 1866 was 40,000.
The principal aboriginal tribes occupying this state are the Washoes and
Pah Utahs in the western part of the state, and the Sashones in the eastern
part. These tribes or nations are divided into many small communities or
families, sparsely scattered over the country, who are generally peaceful and
inoffensive. Some of the Indians are employed by the whites, and are found
useful in many kinds of unskilled labor.
Nevada is mostly an elevated plateau, having a general altitude of more
than 4,000 feet above tide water. It has numerous chains of mountains
from 1,000 to 5,000 feet above the common level of the state. These are
mostly covered with forests of pine, spruce, and fir, from which superior
lumber is obtained. Between the ranges of mountains are valleys from 5 to
20 miles in width, some of which are very productive, yielding from 30 to
60 bushels of wheat, and from 40 to 80 bushels of barley to the acre. The
leading industrial pursuit is mining, the silver mines constituting the great
source of wealth to the state. Gold was first discovered in 1849, near the
Carson river, and the mines were worked with profit for several years, but
have generally been abandoned for the richer silver mines. Silver was dis
covered in 1859, near what is known as the Comstock ledge in Storey county.
This is still the most valuable silver-bearing lode found in Nevada. It has
been developed to the depth of more than 700 feet, and the Sutro tunnel
projected and partly completed will, when finished, enable the lode to be
worked to the depth of three thousand feet or more with prospective profit.
This tunnel will be 19,000 feet long, and its estimated cost is from four to
1869.] NEW HAMPSHIRE. 401
five millions of dollars. The great body of valuable ores contained in the
Comstock ledge consists in the black and gray sulphurets of silver. Native
silver is found diffused through the vein, but no large masses have been ob
tained.
A small amount of gold has been extracted, though the proportion now
is less than at first. The unexampled richness of the ores of the White Pine
District attracted the attention of miners during the autumn of 1868, and
caused a large accession to the population.
Copper and iron mines exist in some parts of the state, and lead and coal
have been discovered. Salt is abundant. The salt bed at Sands Springs in
Churchill county extends over several hundred acres, much of which is a
stratum of pure, coarse salt nearly a foot thick, which only requires to be
gathered in heaps or thrown on a platform in order to drain off the water,
when it is ready for sacking. About 50 miles west of this, is another and
still more extensive salt bed, its superficial area being nearly 20 square miles,
while in Nye or Esmeralda county, there is a bed covering more than 50
square miles, over nearly all of which the salt, clean, dry and white, lies to a
depth varying from 6 inches to 2 feet. This mineral so extensively used in
the reduction of silver ores, is an important source of wealth to the state.
In 1866, there were in the state 170 mills completed for the crushing and reduction of ores,
and a number more in the process of construction. These mills carry 2,564 stamps, weighing
from 400 to 800 pounds each, the average being about 600 pounds, and have an aggregate capacity
equal to 6,322 horses : average cost, about $60,000 ; aggregate. $10,000,000. The Gould and
Curry, carrying 80 stamps and supplied with two large engines, has cost, with grounds, altera
tions and surroundings, over $1,000,000; several others have cost from $150,000 to $250,000, the
Ophir, in Washoe valley, having cost much more. Of this number, 35 are driven by water, and
the balance by steam, a few of each class using both water and steam. Of these mills. 36 are
in Storey county. 34 in Lyon, 10 in Washoe, 8 in Ormsby, and 1 in Douglas, a total of 89, all of
which are running on Comstock ore; Esmeralda county contains 21 mills, Nye 8, Lander 22,
Humboldt 5, and Churchill 4. The annual product of the Comstock lode is about $16,500,000.
23. NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Capital, Concord. Area, 0,280 square miles. Population (1860), 326,073.
New Hampshire was settled at Dover and Portsmouth in 1623, by the
English. The settlements were annexed to Massachusetts in 1641, and con
tinued until 1679, when New Hampshire received a separate charter. It was
again connected with Massachusetts in 1689, but in 1741 it became a separate
province. It was one of the original thirteen states, framed a constitution
in 1776, and ratified the United States Constitution, June 21, 1788.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. SALARY.
Governor WALTER HARRIMAN $1,000
Secretary of State JOHN D. LVMAN 800
Deputy Secretary of State ,.. NATHAN W. GOVE 600andfe«a.
Treasurer PETER SANBORN 1,000
Adjutant General NATT HEAD 1,000
Superintendent of Public Instruction AMOS HADLEY ; . . . .1,000
Treasurer Board of Agriculture FREDERICK SMYTH. . .
26
402 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The Governor, Councilors, five in number, and members of the Legislature
are elected annually by the legal voters, on the second Tuesday of March.
The Secretary of State and Treasurer are chosen each year by the Legislature
in joint convention. The Attorney General is appointed by the Governor.
The Senate and House of Representatives are together styled the " General
Court of New Hampshire," which assembles annually in regular session, on
the first Wednesday in June. The Senators are 12 in number, elected by
districts ; the Representatives are one for every town, parish or place having
150 ratable male polls, and one additional Representative for every additional
300 ratable male polls in excess of the first 150. Towns, parishes or places
having less than 150 polls are classed together and elect Representatives by
turns. Every male inhabitant of a town or parish with town privileges, or
place unincorporated, in this State, of twenty-one years of age (excepting
paupers, or persons excused from paying taxes at their own request), has a
right to vote in the town, &c. wherein he dwells.
JUDICIARY.
The only court of general jurisdiction is the Supreme Judicial Court,
which has full power as a court of equity — exercised at the law terms. The
Judges are appointed by the Governor and Council, and hold their offices
during good behavior ; but no person can hold the office of Judge after he
has attained the age of seventy years.
The State is divided into four Judicial Districts, as follows : No. 1, Rockingham, Stratford
and Carroll counties ; No. 2, Belknap, Merrimac and Hillsborough counties ; No. 3, Cheshire
and Sullivan counties ; No. 4, Grafton and Coos counties.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Nathan Clifford. Distinct Judge, Daniel Clarke ; District Attorney, Charles W.
Rand ; Marshal, J. N. Patterson ; Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, A. R. Hatch.
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT.
Chief Justice, Ira Perley, Concord. Associate Justices, Jonathan E. Sargent, Wen tworth ; Hen
ry A. Bellows, Concord ; Charles Doe, Rollinsford ; George W. Nesmith, Franklin ; Jeremiah
Smith, Dover. Attorney General, William C. Clarke, Manchester. Reporter, Amos Hadley,
Concord. Salary of Chief Justice, $2,400, of Associate Justices, $2,200 each.
TERMS OP SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT.
Selknap county — Law Terms. At Manchester, 1st Tuesday of June, andat Concord, IstTuesday
of December. Trial Terms. At Guilford, 4th Tuesday of March und 4th Tuesday of September.
Carroll county—Law Tei*ms. At Exeter, 3d Tuesday of June, and at Dover, 3d Tuesday of
December. Trial Terms. At Ossipee, 3d Tuesday of April and October.
Cheshire county — Law Terms. At Keene, 4th Tuesday of December, and at Newport, 1st
Tuesday of July. Trial Terms. At Keene, 1st Tuesday of April and October.
Coos county — Law Terms. At Lancaster, 3d Tuesday of July and at Haverhill, the Tuesday
next after 4th Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Lancaster, 4th Tuesday of April and
1st Tuesday of November.
Grafton county — Law Terms. At Lancaster, 3d Tuesday of July, and at Haverhill, the Tues
day next after 4th Tuesday of December. Trial Ternu. At Haverhill, 4th Tuesday of March
and September for the Western Judicial District, and at Plymouth, 3d Tuesday of May and
November for the Eastern Judicial District.
Hillsborough County— Law Terms. At Manchester, 1st Tuesday of June, and at Concord, 1st
Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Amherst, 1st Tuesday of May, at Manchester, 1st
Tuesday of January, and at Nashua, 1st Tuesday of September.
1869.]
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
403
Merrimac county— Law Terms. At Manchester, 1st Tuesday of Jnue, and at Concord, 1st
Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Concord, 1st Tuesday of October and April.
Eockingham county — Law Terms. At Exeter, 3d Tuesday of June, and at Dover, 3d Tuesday
of December. Trial Temis. At Portsmouth, 3d Tuesday of October, and at Exeter, 3d Tues
day of January and 2d Tuesday of April.
Straff ord county— Law Terms. At Exeter, 3d Tuesday of June, and at Dover, 3d Tuesday of
December. Trial Terms. At Dover, 2d Tuesday of February and 1st Tuesday of September.
Suttivan county— Law Terms. At Keene, 4th Tuesday of December, and at Newport, 1st Tues
day of July. Trial Terms. At Newport, 4th Tuesday of January and 1st Tuesday of September.
FINANCES.
RECEIPTS.
Cash in Treasury June 1, 1867 $ 55,424.48
From State Taxes 624,816.81
Railroad Taxes 203,284.64
Savings Bank Taxes 77,227.65
Sale of Public Lands 25,000.00
Interest 2,485.80
Loans 527,404.00
Miscellaneous 1,102.00
$1,516,745.38
DISBURSEMENTS.
Ordinary Expenses $135,461.21
Extraordinary Expenses 97,707.04
Dividends to Towns 156,945.28
Literary Fund 37,019.24
Interest 242,388.19
Principal of Debt 828,539.50
$1,498,060.66
Cash in Treasury June 1, 1868. . . . 18,684.72
$1,516,745.36
Large sums are annually received into, and paid from the Treasury, whose receipt is no in
come to the State, and whose disbursement is not an expenditure. The following exhibits the
revenue separated from the receipts. It was derived from :
Sales of Public Property $ 30.00 Civil Commissions $ 572.00
Foreign Insurance Companies 100.00 Railroad Taxes 111,547.76
Copyright of Reports 100.00 State Tax 624,272.81
$736,622.57
The Ordinaiy Expenses were for:
Salaries $31,176.84
Legislature '44,978.10
Council 797.80
Support of indigent Insane 6,000.00
Support of convict Insane 603.29
Accounts of sundry Offices 995.70
The Extraordinary Expenses were for :
Legislative Resolves $17,000.15
Charitable and Penal Institutions 39,597.15
Commissioners for revision of Statutes 6,600.00
Digest of New Hampshire Reports. . 2,800.90
Compiling Provincial Records.
Publishing Laws
State Printing
Volunteer Militia
Miscellaneous...
State House Grounds
Military Expense
Miscellaneous . . .
..$ 1,051.18
. . . 417.60
...24,919.56
...24,003.15
. 527.99
$135,461.21
...$8,323.51
... 4,259.59
...18,099.04
$96,680.04
STATE DEBT.
Total Liabilities, June 1, 1867, -
Total Assets June 1, 18G7,
Net Indebtedness, -
Total Liabilities, June 1, 1868,
Total Assets, June 1, 1868, -
Net Indebtedness, - ...
. Showing a reduction during the year of
$3,810,796.56
63,019.61
- $3,508,027.96
20,615.99
$3,747,776.95
$3,487,411.97
$260,364.98
By the cancellation of certain worthless taxes and accounts, the assets were diminished
$5,847.05, and the liabilities $1,918.98 ; so that the actual reduction of the debt during the year
404 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
has been $264,293.05. The present liabilities of the State are, on account of Trust Funds, $17,-
823.96; Floating Debt, $33,404.00 ; Funded Debt, $3,456,800.00; Total, $3,508,027.96.
The Floating Debt is represented entirely by State notes, and was reduced during1 the year
from $109,637.50 to $&3,404.00. The Funded Debt consists of bonds issued by the State, and was
reduced during the year, from $3,681,700 to $3,456,800. The Assets consist of income of State
Prison, $867.22; Cash in the Treasury, $18,684.72; and uncollected taxes, June 1, 1868, $1,004.05.
About $100,000 of the State Debt becomes due in 1869, and about $350,000 annually thereafter,
until 1874, when the amount clue anaually is much lessened. During the year, the net reduction
of the debts of the towns of the State was $220,324.93.
LITERARY FUND.
The receipts on account of this fund for the fiscal year ending June 1, 1868, were from non
resident Savings Bank Taxes, $12,019.24; Sale of public lands, $25,000; total, $37,019.24 ; and
the payments were, for dividend to towns of fifteen cents per scholar, $11,811.00; balance to
the credit of the Fund, $25,208.24.
EDUCATION.
This State has one college and about fifty academies in successful opera
tion. Dartmouth College, founded in 1769, has, beside its Academical course,
a Medical, a Scientific and Agricultural Department, and a School of Archi
tecture and Civil Engineering. The scrip donated by Congress for an Agri
cultural College was sold for $80,000, and the avails appropriated to establish
the " New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, ' in
connection with Dartmouth College.
The Legislature in 1867, established the office of State Superintendent of
Public Instruction. This officer has the supervision of the Public Schools
of the State. School committees have supervision in the towns, and a pru
dential committee in each district, hires teachers, and is the general financial
agent. County educational associations have been established, and numerous
conventions of teachers and other friends of education have been held,
whereby a new and increasing interest has been awakened in the public
mind, and a fresh impetus given to educational progress.
Public Schools in 1868. Number of towns and cities, 230; number making returns,
220 ; number of school districts, 2,287 ; decrease for the year, 22 ; number of schools, 2,487 ;
number of scholars attending, 77,138 ; decrease for the year, 709 ; average attendance, 52,476 ;
decrease for the year, 590; ratio of average attendance to the whole number of scholars, .68;
number of children between 4 and 14 years not attending, 3,228; increase for the year, 414;
number of teachers— male, 477; female, 2,465; total, 2,942; average wages of teachers per
month— male, $34.64; increase for the year, $1.55; female, $19.78; increase for the year,
$1.34; number of teachers who have attended teachers' institutes, 1,018; average length of the
schools in weeks, 16.83; estimated value of school-houses and lots, $1,130,698; increase for the
year, $133,865 ; estimated value of school apparatus, $13,327.17 ; number of unfit houses, 427 ;
decrease for the year, 55 ; expenditure in building and repairing school-houses, $86,191.73 ; in
crease for the year, $10,225.55 ; number of volumes in libraries reported, 55,079 ; amount raised
by tax for support of schools, $282,606.58 ; increase for the year, $39,890.62 ; amount raised by tax
beyond what the law requires, $66,528.01 ; increase for the year, $8,010.19 ; amount contributed
in board, &c. to prolong the schools, $24,599.41 ; increase for the year, $4,596.92; amount of in
come from the surplus revenue money reported as used for schools, $1,840.68; of the literary
fund as reported, $10,824.07 ; of railroad tax reported as used for schools, $7,735.30 ; income from
local funds, $5,869.58; total expended for schools, $333,465.62 ; increase for the year, $43,158.31 ;
average amount to each scholar, $3.69; number of visits of school committees, 11,804; of pru
dential committees, 2,518 ; of others, 68,849 ; number of academies and other permanent schools
reported for the year, 51.
1869.] NEW HAMPSHIRE. 405
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Asylum for the Insane, incorporated in 1838, has a farm of 155 acres.
Its accommodations were increased in 1867-68 by the erection of a new
building, 79 feet long and 38 feet wide, for excited female patients. The
success of the institution has increased its numbers beyond the original plan,
and makes it necessary to secure further additions.
The Reform School, founded in 1856, has a farm of 100 acres, near Man
chester. The institution has grown in public estimation, and has extended
its influence and means of good to the State. It has provision for both sexes.
The State Prison has been much improved the last year, by effecting a
thorough ventilation of the halls and cells, by better drainage, by securing
a supply of good water, and by additions to the shops. The operation of the
commutation law passed by the Legislature in 1867, has been very favorable
on the discipline of the prison. An evening school has been established for
the benefit of those unable to read and write, and a course of lectures was
provided during the winter. The effect of both has been good.
Asylum for the Insane, Concord, J. P. BANCROFT, M. D., Superintendent. Number in the
institution May 1, 1867— males, 122, females, 124 ; total, 246. Admitted during the year— males,
55, females, 63 ; total, 118. Whole number under care during year — males, 177, females, 187 ; to
tal, 364. Largest number of patients at any one time — males, 121, females, 132; total 253; small
est number at any time — males, 114, females, 115 ; total, 229. The daily average for the year —
for men, 118.5, women, 121.2-7 ; total, 239.77. Number of patients discharged during the year —
males, 52, females, 56 ; total, 108 : died— males, 12, females, 9 ; total, 21 ; leaving, May 1, 1868—
males, 112, females, 123 ; total, 235. Of those discharged there were recovered — males, 21, fe
males, 30; total, 51; improved — males, 19, females, 20; total, 39; not improved— males, 12,
females, 6 ; total, 18. Age of those admitted during the year— under 15, 1 ; 15 to 20, 4 ; 20 to 30,
25 ; 30 to 40, 28 ; 40 to 50, 25 ; 50 to 60, 19 ; 60 to 70, 13 ; over 70, 3. Stage of disease at admission
— attack recent, 59, disease confirmed, 59; first time, 71, subsequent admission, 47. Civil state,
married — men, 26, women, 35; total, 61; single — men, 28, women, 21; total, 49; widowers,!,
widows, 7. Occupation — farmers, 24 ; household employment, 51 ; teachers, 4 ; carpenters, 4 ;
traders, 5; clergymen, 2; laborers, 2; miscellaneous and no fixed occupation, 26. Committed
by friends or guardians, 82 ; by cities or towns, 31 ; by order of courts, 5. Form of disease-
acute mania, 55 ; chronic mania, 19 ; melancholia, 15 ; dementia, 17; epilepsy, 5 ; miscellaneous,
7. Whole number ever admitted, 2,579.
Reform School, Manchester, ISAAC H. JONKS, Superintendent. In the House, April 30, 1867,
—males, 59, females, 20 ; total, 79. Committed since— males, 49, females, 4 ; total, 53. Escaped
inmates returned, 3: total, 135. Discharged— before expiration of sentence, 8; at expiration
of sentence, 16; to care of friends, 6; sent to alternate, 2; escaped, 7. Kemaining, April 30,
18(58— males, 82, females, 14 ; total, 96. Term of commitment— 1 year and less, 6 ; 2 years, 7 ;
3 years, 12; 4 years, 2; 5 to 10 years, 8; during minority, 18. Crimes— stealing, 27; stubborn
ness, 13 ; house and shop breaking, 5 ; attempt to set fire, 2 ; malicious mischief, 4 ; stealing let
ters from Post Office, 2 ; assault, 1 ; truancy, 1 ; total, 53. Age— 10 years and under, 7 ; 10 to 15,
38 ; 16 years, 7; unknown, 1 ; total, 53. Nativity— New Hampshire, 34 ; other states, 12 ; foreign
countries, 6 ; unknown, 1 ; total, 53.
New Hampshire State Prison, Concord, JOSEPH MAYO, Warden. Whole number of
prisoners, May 1, 1867, 118. Received during the year, 46. Discharged— by expiration of sen
tence, 13; pardoned, 13; died, 3; total, 29. Remaining, April 30, 1868— males, 130, females, 5;
total, 135. Whole number committed since establishment of the institution, 1,406.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of New Hampshire at each census, was :
Rate of Increase. Rate of Increase.
1790 141,899 1830 269,328 10.31
1800 183,762 29.50 1840... ...284,574 5.66
1810 214,360 16.65 1850... .. 317,976 11.74
1820 244,022 13.90 1860 326,073 2.55
4QG THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Of the population in 1860, 256,982 were born in the State, 48,153 in other
States, and 20,938 in foreign countries.
Agriculture is the predominant interest of this State. More capital is in
vested in it than in all other interests combined, and the great majority of
the people are engaged in its pursuit.
New Hampshire is largely engaged in manufactures, abundant water-power
being furnished by the Merrimac, Cocheco, and other rivers, on wliose banks
are many flourishing manufacturing towns. There are extensive forests, and
the production of lumber is an important branch of industry.
Farms. Improved land, 2,000,000 acres ; number of farms, 30,000, averaging 123 acrea each.
Principal Products in 1866. Com, 1,321,281 bushels, value, $1,810,155; wheat, 305,653
bushels, value, $788,585; rye, 161,559 bushels, value, $224,567; oats, 1,481,018 bushels, value,
$1,007,092 ; barley, 105,038 bushels, value, $124,995; potatoes, 3,692,860 bushels, value, $1,809,501 ;
hay, 6(55,395 tons, value, $11,897,263.
Manufactures. ~By the census of I860, there were 3,211 establishments engaged in mining,
manufacturing and the mechanic arts, each producing $500 and upwards annually, employing
$23,274,094 capital, and 18,379 male and 13,961 female hands, consuming raw material worth
$20,539,857, and yielding products valued at $37.586,453.
Banks. The State Banks are closing up their affairs. Their aggregate capital, May 13, 1868,
was $237.300. There are 40 National Banks with a capital of $4,785,000 ; 31 Savings institutions,
with resources amounting to $14,251,970.31; amount due depositors, $13,541.534.96; increase
over last year, $3,078,116.46.
24. NEW JERSEY.
Capital, Trenton. Area, 7,576 square miles. Population, (1860), 672,035.
New Jersey was settled at Bergen by the Dutch and Danes in 1624, but it
fell into the hands of the English in 1664. In 1674, it was divided into East
and West Jersey, and soon after became the exclusive property of the Qua
kers of Pennsylvania. The two provinces were united in 1702, and the
colony was dependent on New York until 1738, when it was erected into a
separate royal province. It was one of the original thirteen states, adopted
a state constitution July 2, 1776, and ratified the United States Constitution
December 18, 1787.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor T. F. RANDOLPH Newark $3,000
Secretary of State HORACE N. CONGAR Trenton *
Treasurer ... . . WM. P. MCMICHAEL Bordentown 2,500
Comptroller WM. K. MCDONALD Newark 2,500
Attorney General GEO. M. ROBESON Camden 1,500
Superintendent Public Schools . . ELLIS A. APGAR Trenton 2,000
Adjutant General WM. S. STRTKER Trenton 100
Quartermaster General LEWIS PERRINE Trenton 100
The Governor is chosen by a plurality vote for three years. General elec
tion on the first Tuesday in November. The Secretary of State is appointed
by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. His term of
office is five years. The Treasurer is elected by the Legislature on joint bal
lot for one year, and until his successor is qualified ; and the State Librarian
* $300 and fees.
1869.] NEW JERSEY. 407
is appointed for three years. The Superintendent of Schools is appointed
by the Trustees of the School Fund for two years. The Adjutant and Quar
termaster General are appointed by the Governor. Senators, 21 in number,
are elected for three years, one-third every year ; and Representatives, 60 in
number, are elected each year. The pay of a member of either branch is
$3.00 a day for the first forty days, $1.50 a day afterwards. The presiding
officers are paid $4.00 a day for the first forty days, and $2.00 a day after
wards. The Legislature meets annually at Trenton, on the second Tuesday
of January.
White male citizens of the United States, 21 years of age, who have re
sided one year in the state, and five months in the county, are entitled to
vote. Paupers, idiots, and insane persons are excluded.
The active military force of this state consists of 39 companies of rifle
men, 1 company of cavalry, 3 of artillery, 7 of veterans, and 5 of the Hud
son Brigade, organized as militiamen, and numbering about 3,000.
JUDICIARY.
The Court of Chancery is held by the Chancellor. The Supreme Court
consists of the Chief Justice, and six Associate Justices, who, with the Chan
cellor, are appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, and
hold office for seven years.
The Court of Errors and Appeals is composed of the Chancellor, the Jus
tices of the Supreme Court, and six other Judges appointed by the Governor,
with the consent of the Senate, for six years, one judge going out of office
each year. One Justice of the Supreme Court is assigned to each of the
seven districts into which the state is divided. The Justices for the Dis
tricts hold Circuit Courts, and courts of Oyer and Terminer, three times a
year in each county ; they are also ex-officio Judges of the Courts of Common
Pleas, Orphans' Courts, and courts of Quarter Sessions of the several counties.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Robert C. Grier. District Judge, Richard S. Field. District Attorney, Anthony
Q. Kcasby. Marshal, Benajah Deacon. Clerk of Circuit Court, A. Ducher. Clerk of District
Court, R. H. Shreve.
STATE COURTS.
Chancellor, A. O. Zabriekie, Jersey City. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Mercer Beas-
ley. Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, L. Q. C. Elmer, Bridgeton ; Peter Yredenberg,
Freehold ; Joseph D. Bedle, Jersey City ; David A. Depue, Newark ; Van Cleve Dalrimple, Mor-
ristown ; George A. Woodhull, Camden. Lay Judges of the Court of Errors, George Vail, Mor-
ristown ; John Clemens, Haddenfield ; E. L. B. Wales, Tuckahoe ; R. S. Kennedy, Stewarts-
ville; James L. Ogden, Jersey City; Chas. S. Olden, Princeton. Clerk in Chancery, Barker
Gummere. Clerk of Supreme Court, Charles P. Smith. Salaries, Chancellor, $4,000 ; Chief
Justice, $3,600 ; Associate Justices, $3,500 ; Lay Judges, $8.00 per day during attendance at
Court and mileage.
TERMS OF COURTS.
The Court of Chancery holds three terms annually at Trenton, on the first Tuesday in Febru
ary, third Tuesday in May, and third Tuesday in October. The Supreme Court of New Jersey
holds three terms annually at Trenton, on the fourth Tuesday in February, and the first Tues
day in June and November; and the Judges of this court also hold Circuit Courts and Courts
of Oyer and Terminer three times a year.
The Court of Errors and Appeals holds three terms annually at Trenton, on the second Tues
day in March, and the third Tuesday in June and November.
408 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869,
FINANCES. '
The following consolidated statement shows the aggregate of moneys re
ceived and disbursed by the Treasury, during the fiscal year ending Novem
ber 30, 1867. The last column includes former balances :
Receipts. Disbursements.
State Fund $507,743.66 $599,050.64
War Fund 380,000.00 384,914.88
School Fund 102,870.79 110,010.25 2,860.00
Agricultural College Fund 6,924.00 6,924.00 545.95
State Library Fund 1,050.00 749.73 300.27
Bank Note Redemption Fund . . 4,729.04 6,631.89 17,762.68
Balance in Bank Dec. 1, 1866.. . . 129,127.13
$1,132,444.62 $1,108,287.39 $24,157.23
The sources of revenue to the State Fund were :
Transit duties from railroads and canals $268,259.96
State tax of 1866 70,000.00
Dividends, premiums on scrip, stock and interest 121,213.05
Assessments on private acts, licenses and fees 13,023.25
Tax on capital stock of railroads 99,971.15
Fines and forfeited recognizances 4,980.00
Miscellaneous and balance December 1, 1866 56,469.55
STATE DEBT.
The state debt which grew out of the exigencies of the civil war,
amounted, January 15, 1868, to $3,196,100
There falls due, January 1, 1869, of principal, - - 99,900
And of interest accrued at that date, - 95,883
Interest due on balance July 1, 1869, - - 92,886
The state had no debt at the commencement of 1861, and state taxes had been pretermitted
for a series of years. The law, authorizing the war loans, provided for a tax to pay them.
The value of taxable property in 1867, was $475,525,012, an increase of $27,050,333 in one year.
EDUCATION.
The College of New Jersey at Princeton, organized in 1746, is the oldest
collegiate institution in the state. The State Agricultural College has
been connected with Rutgers' College at New Brunswick. It is in success
ful operation, combining with theory and study, the practical results of the
farmer, and experiments of the laboratory. The Professor of Chemistry
and Agriculture has delivered 'lectures on these subjects in each county in
the state.
The Public School system was materially changed by the act of March 21,
1867. There is a State Board of Education, consisting of 17 persons, and a
State Superintendent, who has the general supervision of schools. The office
of town superintendent has been abolished ; a County Superintendent is ap
pointed in each county, whose duty it is to visit every school in his jurisdic
tion twice each year. The County Superintendent, with such persons as he
may appoint, constitutes a Board of Examiners for each county, with power to
issue three grades of Teachers' certificates. The State Board of Examiners,
consisting of the State Superintendent and Principal of the State Normal
1869.] NEW JERSEY. 499
School, also grants three grades of certificates, all higher than those granted
by county examiners.
The Normal School at Trenton, and the Normal Preparatory School at
Beverly, are in a flourishing condition, having a larger number of students
than ever before.
Public Schools. In 1867 the number of children in the state between five and eighteen
years of age, was 230,555. The receipts for school purposes were : Appropriated by the state,
$100,000.00; received from surplus revenue, $26,531.54; from township and city tax, $720,264.09;
from district tax, $32,534.79; appropriated for Normal School, $10,000.00; appropriated for
Farnum School. $1,200.00; total, $896,530.42.
Normal School. Trenton. JOHN S. HART, LL. D., Principal. Number of pupils in Nor
mal School during 1867. was— males. 16 ; females, 200 ; total, 216 ; number in the Model School
— males, 215 ; females. 310 ; total. 525 ; number in the Farnum Preparatory School, Beverly —
males, 139; females, 142; total. 281 ; total number of pupils that have been under instruction,
has been — males, 370; females, 652; total, 1,022; an increase of 230 as compared with 1866.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The state has provided liberally for the maintenance and support of her
Deaf and Dumb, Blind and Idiotic, in humane institutions at New York,
Philadelphia and Hartford.
The State Lunatic Asylum is in successful operation with a largely in
creased number of patients. The Home for Disabled Soldiers and the Sol
diers' Children's Home have been established and maintained by the munifi
cence of the state. A State Reform School provides a home and education
for juvenile delinquents.
At the close of 1867, the State Prison had nearly 550 prisoners, with ac
commodations for only 350. The Governor and officers strongly urge the
importance of increased room and other changes for the prison. At the com
mencement of the year, the labor of the prisoners was divided among several
contractors. Under this plan the limited shop room could not be advanta
geously disposed of, and other inconveniencies existed. Some of the con
tractors having failed to fulfill their obligations to the State and stopped
work, the Inspector cooperated with the Keeper in securing a contract with
a single responsible party for the labor of all the prisoners now employed in
shoe- making, excepting those making shoes for prison use. Another party
contracts for the labor of a portion of the prisoners in chain-making. The
remainder of those able to work are employed in cane-seating, or in work for
the prison. The amount appropriated by the last Legislature for books for
the Prison Library was expended, and the books are in use, and with mani
fest good effect. The Inspectors assert that the indiscriminate mingling of
convicts is subversive of discipline and the proper training of the prisoners.
State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton. H. A. BUTTOLPH, M. D., Superintendent. Number of
patients in asylum November 30, 1866— males, 205 ; females, 204; total, 40',). Received during
the year — males, 85: females. 127; total, 212. Discharged — recovered, 72 ; improved, 54 ; unim
proved. 8; died. 37; total, 171. Remaining November 30, 1867— males, 200; females, 250; total,
450. Of this number there are— private, 91 ; county, 359 ; total, 450. Whole number of cases
received and treated from opening of the Asylum, 1848— males, 1,415; females, 1,571 ; total,
2,986. Discharged— recovered, 1,173; improved. 818; unimproved, 96 ; escaped, 9; not insane,
4; died, 436; total, 2,536.
New Jersey Home for Disabled Soldiers, Newark. WM. WAKENSHAW, Superin
tendent. Total number of beneficiaries received during the year, 502. Discharged, 245 ; ex-
410 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
pelled, 23 ; died, 18 ; absented, 39 ; suspended, 4 ; sent to National Asylum, 16 ; total, 345. Num
ber qf beneficiaries December 1, 1SG7, 157.
Soldiers' Children's Home, Trenton. MRS. W. L. DAYTON, President. Number of in
mates December 1, 1867— males, 82; females, 57; total, 1.39. Of these, 12 are entire orphans;
12 have both parents ; 107 only mothers living ; 8 only fathers, who are disabled.
State Reform School, Jamesburg. LUTHEU H. SHELDON, Superintendent. Number of
boys committed from July, 1867, to December, 1867, 26. Age— 9 years, 2; 10 years, 4; 11 years,
5; 12 years, 4; 13 years, 3; 14 years, 4 ; 16 years, 2 ; 18 years, 1 ; total, 26. Cause of commit
ment—larceny, 12; insubordination and vagrancy, 11 ; arson, 3; total, 26.
State Prison, Trenton. PETER P. ROBINSON, Keeper. Number in confinement November
30, 1S66, 543. Received during the year, 342. Discharged— expiration of sentence, 132; par
doned, 195 ; died, 8 ; total, 338. Remaining in confinement November 30, 1867, 550. Of these,
there are — white males, 449 ; white females, 26 ; colored males, 67 ; colored females, 8. Term
of sentence— 1 year and less, 107; from 1 to 3 years, 136; 3 to 5 years, 130; 5 to 10 years, 118;
10 to 30 years, 56 ; for life, 3 ; total, 550. Nativity— Americans, 357 ; foreigners, 193 ; total, 550.
Age— 20 and under, 106 ; 20 to 25, 150 ; 25 to 30, 127 ; 30 to 40, 79 ; 40 to 50, 53 ; 50 to 60, 17 ; 60 to
80, 9 ; total, 550.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of New Jersey at each decennial period was as follows :
1790.
White.
169,954
Free Colored.
2,762
Slave..
11,423
Total.
....184,139
Inc. per sen:.
1800.
195,125
4,402
12,422
....211,949
15.10
1810
1820
1830
226,861
257,409
300 266
7,843
12,460
18303
10,851
7,557
2,254
245,555
....277,426
320,823..
15.85
13.04
. 15.58
1840
351,588 ... .
21,044
674
....373,306
16.36
1850
465 509
23 810
236
489,555..
.31.14
1860
646,699
25,318
18
....672,035
37.27
1865. . .
...773,700....
...15.11
The situation of this state, the characteristics of its soil, and its proximity
to New York and Philadelphia, have contributed to increase the value of its
improved lands for agricultural purposes. In garden products, and in smaller
fruits, it ranks as one of the first states in the Union. Great improvements
have been made of late in the system of agriculture, and considerable atten
tion has been given to draining and reclaiming the extensive marshes in the
state. In minerals, the products of iron or zinc ore and marls have become
an important source of wealth. The zinc mines yield more than half the
product of the United States, and more than all the mines of Great Britain.
In 1860, it ranked as the third state in the production of bar and rolled iron,
and the value of iron founding. Its manufactures are rapidly increasing.
Products. We take the principal products for 1867 from the Lecture of Prof. Cook of the
Agricultural College, as follows: Bushels of wheat, 1,763,218; rye, 1,439,497; corn, 9,723,336 ;
oats, 4,539,132 ; buckwheat, 877,386 ; potatoes, 4,171,690; sweet potatoes, 1,034,832; pounds of
butter, 10,714,447 ; tons of hay, 508,726 ; value of orchard products, $429,402 ; market garden
products, $1,541,995; of slaughtered amimals, $4,120,276. Acres in farms — improved, 1,944,441 ;
unimproved, 1,039,084; cash value of farms, $180,250,338 ; value per acre, $6.04 ; of live stock,
$16,134,693. Mining products— tons of iron ore, 275,064; zinc ore, 24,456; marl, 126,740. In
1860, the products of manufacture in New Jersey were valued at $81,000,000.
Banks. There are 54 National Banks, with capital paid in of $11,583,450.
Railroads. There were in 1864, 26 companies and 864 miles of railroad, costing $38,892,000.
In 1867, there were transported on the Camden and Amboy Railroad and Transportation Com
pany, 539,688 tons freight, besides 40,667 tons coal ; and on the Delaware and Raritan Canals,
1,888,968 tons coal ; 2,636,738 cubic feet of timber, 20,348,288 feet of lumber ; 2,605,012 bushela
grain and feed ; 55,630 tons iron ; and 365,751 tons merchandise.
1869.] NEW YORK. 4U
25. NEW YORK.
Capital, Albany. Area, 47,000 square miles. Population, (1863), 3,880,735.
New York was settled at New York and Albany in 1613 and 1614 by the
Dutch, was ceded to the English in 1664, retaken by the Dutch in 1673, and
restored to the English at the treaty of Westminster in 1674. It was one of
the original thirteen states, framed a constitution in 1777, and ratified the
United States Constitution, July 26, 1788. The state constitution has been
amended several times. In 1868, a constitutional convention was held, and
a new constitution adopted, but this has not been submitted to the people
for ratification. *
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor JOHN T. HOFFMAN New York $4,000
Lieutenant Governor ALLEN C. BEACH Watertown $G.OO per day.
Secretary of State HOMER A. NELSON Poughkcepsie $2,500
Comptroller WILLIAM F. ALLEN New York 2,500
Treasurer WHEELER H. BRISTOL Owego 2,500
Attorney General M. B. CHAMPLAIN Cuba 2,500
State Engineer and Surveyor VAN RENSSELAER RICHMOND. . .Lyons 2,500
Supt. Public Instruction ALVAN B. WEAVER Utica 2,500
Supl. Banking Department GEORGE W. SCHUTLER Ithaca 5,000
Supt. Insurance Department WM. BARNES Albany 5,000
Canal Auditor JAMES A. BELL 2,500
Canal Commissioners STEPHEN T. HAYT (1 year) Corning 2,000
JOHN D. FAY (2 years) Rochester 2,000
OLIVER BASCOM (3 years) Whitehall 2,000
Inspectors of State Prisons JOHN HAMMOND (1 year) Crown Point 1,000
SOLOMON SCHEU (2 years) Buffalo 1,600
DAVID B. McNEiL (3 years) Auburn 2,000
Canal Appraisers BEMAN BROCKWAY Watertown 2,COD
ELIJAH P. BROOKS Ehnira 2,000
WILLIAM WASSON Auburn 2,000
GOVERNOR'S STAFF.
Adjutant General, Franklin Townsend ; Inspector General, James McQuade ; General of Ord
nance, Wm. H. Morris ; Engineer in Chief, Wm. M. Tweed, Jr. ; Judge-Advocate General, Jas. B.
Craig ; Surgeon General, Jacob S. Mosher ; Quartermaster General, C. Fitch Bissell ; Paymaster
General, George J. Magee ; Commissary General, William Seebach ; Aides > Colonels Robert
Lenox Banks, Walter P. Warreii, J. Townsend Connolly, Wm. F. Moller, William Kidd.
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treas
urer, Attorney General, State Engineer and Surveyor, are elected by the peo
ple, by a plurality vote, for two years ; the Governor and Lieutenant Governor
on one year, and the other officers on alternate years. The Canal Commis
sioners and Inspectors of State Prisons are elected for three years, one each
year. The Canal Appraisers are appointed by the Governor and Senate for
three years, and hold office until their successors are- qualified. The Super
intendent of Public Instruction is elected by the Legislature for three years.
The Superintendent of the Banking Department and the Auditor of the
Canal Department are appointed by the Governor with the advice and con
sent of the Senate, for three years. The Adjutant General and other officers
of his military staff, are appointed by the Governor.
The legislative power is vested in the Senate and Assembly. The Senate
consists of thirty-two members, who are elected for two years, one from each
412 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER [18C9.
senatorial district. The Assembly consists of one hundred and twenty-eight
members, elected annually, one from each Assembly district. The pay of
Senators and Members of Assembly is $3.00 per day for not over 100 days,
and $1.00 for every ten miles travel.
JUDICIARY.
The Court for the Trial of Impeachments is composed of the President of
the Senate (who is president of the court, and when absent the chief judge
of the Court of Appeals presides), the Senators, or the major part of them,
and the judges of the Court of Appeals, or the greater part of them. It is
a court of record, and, when summoned, meets at Albany, and has for its
clerk and officers the clerk and officers of the Senate.
The Court of Appeals has full power to correct and reverse all proceedings
and decisions of the Supreme Court. It is composed of eight judges, of
whom four are elected (one every second year) by the people at large, for
eight years, and four selected each year from the Justices of the Supreme
Court having the shortest time to serve. These selections are made alter
nately from the First, Third, Fifth, and Seventh, and from the Second, Fourth,
Sixth, and Eighth Judicial Districts. The Judge (of the four chosen at
large) whose term first expires, presides as Chief Judge. Six Judges consti
tute a quorum. Every cause must be decided within the year in which it is
argued, and, unless reargued, before the close of the term after the argument.
The Supreme Court has general jurisdiction in law and equity, and power
to review judgments of the County Courts, and of the old Courts of Com
mon Pleas. For the election of the Justices, the state is divided into eight
judicial districts, the first of which elects five, and all the others four, to
serve eight years. In each district one Justice goes out of office every two
years. The Justice in each district whose term first expires, and who is not
a Judge of the Court of Appeals, is a Presiding Justice of the court, and the
clerks of the several counties serve as clerks.
The County Courts are always open for the transaction of any business for
which no notice is required to be given to an opposing party. At least two
terms in each county for the trial of issues of law or fact, and as many more
as the County Judge shall appoint, shall be held in each year.
County Judges are elected for four years ; they are vested with the powers
of Justices of the Supreme Court at Chambers, are members of Courts of
Oyer and Terminer, and, with two Justices of the Peace, constitute Courts
of Sessions.
The Criminal Courts are the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and the Courts
of Sessions. The Courts of Oyer and Terminer in each county, except in the
city and county of NewT York, are composed of a Justice of the Supreme
Court, who presides, the County Judge, and the two Justices of the Peace
chosen members of the Court of Sessions. The Presiding Justice and any
two of the others form a quorum. In the city and county of New York they
are held by a Justice of the Supreme Court alone. These courts are all held
at the same time and place at which the Circuit Courts are held. Courts of
1869.] NEW YORK. 413
Sessions, except in the city of New York, are composed of the County Judge
and the two Justices of the Peace designated as members of the Court of
Sessions, arid are held at the same time and place as the County Courts.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Samuel Nelson ; District Judge — Northern District, Nathan K. Hall ; Southern
District, Samuel Blatchford ; Eastern District, Charles L. Benedict ; District Attorney — NortJiern
District. William Dorshcimer ; Southern District, Samuel G. Courtney ; Eastern District, B. F.
Tracy ; Marshal — Northern District, Edward Dodd ; Southern District, Robert Murray ; Eastern
Disti-ict, F. L. Ballon ; Clerk Circuit Court— Northern District, P. A. Boycc ; Southern District,
Kenneth G. White ; Eastern District, Charles W. Newton ; Clerk District Court— Northern Dis
trict, George Gorham ; Southern District, George F. Betts ; Eastern District, Samuel T. Jones.
THE COURT OF APPEALS.
Judges. Charles Mason, Hamilton; Lewis B. Woodruff, New York; Ward Hunt, TItica;
Martin Grover, Angelica ; John A. Lott, Brooklyn ; Amaziah B. James, Ogdensburgh ; William
Murray, Jr., Delhi; Charles Daniels, Buffalo.
SUPREME AND CIRCUIT COURTS.
First District, Geo. G. Barnard, Thomas W. Clerke, Josiah Sutherland, Daniel P. Ingraham,
Albert Cardozo, all of New York ; Second District, John A. Lott, Brooklyn ; Joseph F. Barnard,
Poughkeepsie ; Jasper W. Gilbert, Brooklyn ; Abraham B. Tappan, Fordham. Third District,
Theodore Miller, Hudson ; Charles R. Ingalls, Troy ; Henry Hogeboom, Hudson ; Rufus W.
Peckham, Albany. Fourth District, Amaziah B. James, Ogdensburgh ; Enoch II. Rosecrans,
Glen's Falls ; Platt Potter, Schenectady ; Augustus Bockes, Saratoga Springs. Fifth District,
William J. Bacon, Utica; Henry A. Foster, Oswego ; Joseph Mullin, Watertown ; Leroy Mor
gan, Syracuse. Sixth District. William Murray, Jr., Delhi; Ransom Balcom, Binghamton ;
Douglas Boardman, Ithaca; John M. Parker, Owego. Seventh District, Charles C. Dwight,
Auburn; E. Darwin Smith, Rochester; Thomas A. Johnson, Corning; James C. Smith, Canan-
daigua. Eighth District, Charles Daniels, Buffalo ; Richard P. Marvin, Jamestown ; George
D. Lamont, Lockport ; George Barker, Fredonia. Salaries, $3,500 each.
TERMS OF COURT OF APPEALS.
Four terms must be held each year, and every two years there must be one term in each ju
dicial district. The court holds four argument terms each year, at the capitol, in the city of
Albany, namely, on the 1st Tuesday of January, 4th Tuesday of March, 3d Tuesday of June, and
last Tuesday of September.
TERMS OF SUPREME AND CIRCUIT COURTS.
At least four general terms of the Supreme Court are held in each district every year. Every
county has each year at least one special term and two Circuit Courts. Any three or more of
the Justices (including one Presiding Justice) hold the general terms ; and any one or more hold
the special terms, at which are heard all equity cases, and Circuit Courts, which are held exclu
sively for the trial of issues of fact.
FINANCES.
Deficiency in the revenue, Sept, 30, 1867, - $2,860,586.38
Payments of the year on account of General Fund, - - 10,208,198.46
Total, $13,068,784.84
Receipts on account of General Fund, 10,112,331.30
Deficiency of the revenue, Sept. 30, 1868, - $2,956,453.54
There was due at the close of the fiscal year from the City of New York,
$4,530,014.17, of which $4,000,000 has since been paid, making up the above
deficiency, and leaving a large surplus.
414 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
GENERAL AND OTHER FUNDS.
Receipts of the year on account of all the funds except the
Canal and Free School Fund, $16,003,178.53
Balance due the Treasury, Sept. 30, 1867, - $350,009.58
Payments of year, - $14,904,647.54 15,254,657.12
Balance in the Treasury, Sept. 30, 1868, - $748,521.41
The State Tax levied in 1868, for various purposes, amounted to $10,-
243,317.01.
STATE DEBT.
On the 30th of September, 1868, the total funded debt was $44,968,786.40,
classified as follows :
General Fund Debt $4,707,820.40
Contingent (38,000.00
Canal 14,249,000.00
Bounty 25,943,000.00
Total $44,908,786.40
The following statement shows the amount of the State Debt, Sept. 30,
1 868, after deducting the unapplied Balance of the Sinking Fund at that
date:
Debt on Balance of the Balance of debt after
Sept. 30, 1808. Sinking Funds. applying Sinking Funds.
General Fund $4,707,826.40 *$153,178.54 $4,554,647.86
Contingent 68,000.00 15,517.82 52,482.18
Canal 14,249,960.00 4,017,232.43 10,232,727.57
Bounty 25,943.000.00 +1,918,408.87 24,024,591.13
Total $44,968,786.40 $6,104,337.66 $38,864,448.74
CANAL FUND.
Balance in the Treasury, and invested, Oct. 1, 1867 $3,840,935.66
Received during the year, ending Sept. 30, 1868 5,681,226.11
Total $9,522,161.77
Paid during the year 4,823,239.33
Leaving a balance, Sept. 30, 1868 $4,698,922.44
CANAL DEBT PAYING INTEREST, SEPT. 30, 1868.
Principal. Annual Interest of.
Under Art. 7, Sec. 1, of the Constitution $2,230,700.00 $111,535.00
Under Art. 7, Sec. 3, of the Constitution 10,324,100.00 619,196.00
Under Art. 7, Sec. 12, of the Constitution 1,685,000.00 101,100.00
Total $14,239,800.00 $831,831.00
EDUCATION.
The institutions of higher education in this state are mostly under the
general supervision of a board styled " The Regents of the University of the
State of New York." The Board consists of the Governor, the Lieutenant
Governor, the Secretary of State, and the Superintendent of Public Instruc
tion, as ex-officio members, and of nineteen other persons chosen by the Leg
islature in the same manner as Senators in Congress, The officers of the
* Includes $350,000 due Oct. 1, 1868, and since paid.
t Deducting interest accrued to Oct. 1, 1868, payable Jan. 1, 1869.
1SG9.] NEW YORK. 4^5
Regents are a Chancellor, a Vice-Chancellor, a Treasurer, a Secretary and an
Assistant Secretary, who are appointed by the Board, and who hold their
offices at its pleasure. The leading duties with which the Regents are
charged, are the incorporation of colleges, academies and other institutions
of learning, under such general rules and regulations as they may from time
to time establish, and the visitation and general supervision of all colleges
and academies.
The Regents are the Trustees of the State Library, the Trustees of the
State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collec
tion connected therewith. They annually apportion among the academies
the sum of $40,000 from the income of the Literature Fund ; also the sum
of $18,000, or thereabouts, to academies appointed to instruct classes in the
science of common school teaching ; and $3,000 to academies which shall
have raised an equal amount, for the purchase of books and philosophical
and chemical apparatus.
An organization consisting of the officers of colleges and academies, sub
ject to the visitation of the Board, and called " The University Convocation
of the State of New York," holds an annual session at Albany, commencing
on the first Tuesday in August.
There are in the state 23 colleges, the oldest, Columbia College, having
been incorporated by the colonial government in 1754. This college has, in
addition to its academical department, a Law Department, and a School of
Mines. The University of the City of New York has schools of Art ; of Civil
Engineering and Architecture ; of Analytical and Practical Chemistry, and
of Law.
Cornell University, at Ithaca, incorporated in 1865, and opened to students
in 1868, has been liberally endowed by Mr. Ezra Cornell. It has also re
ceived the donation of land scrip made to this state by the general Govern
ment to found an agricultural college. In its plan and object, it combines
the advantages of a university with the practical benefits of a school of
science and art.
Rutger's Female College, in New York City, provides a thorough collegiate
course of instruction, surpassing even many colleges for young men.
Vassar College, at Poughkeepsie ; The Packer Collegiate Institute, Brook
lyn ; and other institutions for young ladies, offer every facility desired for
complete education.
The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of
Public Schools in the state. School Commissioners in the different counties,
city and town superintendents in the principal cities and towns, and trustees
in the school districts, exercise a local supervision over the schools in their
respective localities. Great improvements have been made in the public
schools of the state. The schools were made free in 1867. There are four
State Normal Schools in successful operation, and four others have been au
thorized by law. The State Normal and Training School at Oswego has
been distinguished for its influence in introducing special methods of pri
mary instruction, known as Object Teaching. During the year 1867-68,
416 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
eighty-one academies instructed teachers' classes in the science of common
school teaching and government, under the supervision of the Regents of the
University. Teachers' Institutes are held in nearly all the counties, princi
pally under the direction of the County Commissioners.
Public Schools. Number of children reported, between the ages of 5 and 21 yeara, in 1867
—in cities, 531,379, rural districts, 845,603, total, 1,376,982; number of children reported as at
tending school during some portion of the year, 949,203 ; whole number of days' attendance at
school, of all children— in cities, 34,432,493, in rural districts, 42,167,400, total, 76,599,992; aver
age daily attendance— in cities, 164,565, in rural districts, 255,392, total, 419,957; average time
schools were in session was— in rural districts, 30 weeks and 3 days, in cities, 41 weeks and 4
days; whole number of teachers employed was — male, 5,271, female, 21,218, total, 26,489: num
ber reported as "employed at the same time for 28 weeks or more" — in cities, 3,568, in rural
districts, 12.040, total, 15.608; amount expended for teachers' wages— in cities, $2,217,028.94, in
rural districts, $2,609,442.70, total, $4,826,471.64; average annual salaries of teachers— in cities,
$621.36, in rural districts, $216.73; average weekly wages of teachers— in cities, $14.76, in rural
districts, $7.57; amount raised for school purposes by local taxation during the year — in cities,
$3,719,142.46, in rural districts, $1,382,612.07, total, $5,101,754.53— if to this be added for the
rural districts the amount raised by rate bill, and the estimated value of board of teachers who
boarded round, the amount for those districts will be $2,618,265.52. Balance in treasury, Sept.
30, 1866, $89,144.98; from the fund proper, $121,012.78; from the U. S. Deposit Fund, $165,000;
interest on money in treasury, $62,809.06, total, $437,966.82; paid during year, $343,806.80; bal
ance in treasury, Sept. 30, 1867, $94,160.02. Amount of school money for school year of 1867-8—
from Common School Fund, $155,000 ; from U. S. Deposit Fund, $165,000 ; from State School tax,
$2,080,134.65; total, $2,400,134.65. The money is apportioned as follows— for salaries of School
Commissioners, $89,600 ; for libraries, $55,000 ; for Indian schools, $2,951 ; for district quotas,
$743,994.80 ; for pupil and average attendance quotas, $1,488,088.85 ; for and on account of super
vision in cities, $18,500 ; for separate neighborhoods, from Contingent Fund, $71 ; total, $2,-
398,205.65; balance of, Contingent Fund, $1,929; total, $2,400,134.65 ; whole expense of main
taining the schools during the year— in cities, $3,992,893.20 ; in rural districts, $3,690,308.02 ;
total, $7,6a3,201.22; increase for the year, $1,050,265.28.
Private Schools. Number private schools reported, 1,433; number attending, 72,201;
number attending academies, 34,661 ; average aggregate attendance for each term, during the
year, 20,724 ; number academic students, 11,430; number in preparatory departments, 23,231 ;
number pupils in colleges, 2,100; common schools, 949,203; total number of students, 1,058,165.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
A liberal and humane policy in relieving the subjects of misfortune and
affliction has prevailed in this state from an early period of its history.
Through legislative action and the various channels of private benevolence,
the means and facilities have constantly been multiplying for providing for
the wants of the hapless and destitute in all the departments of public char
ity. The institutions already in operation for the treatment of the blind, the
deaf and dumb, and the idiotic, and those of a reformatory character, are
fulfilling the just expectations of the state, and producing the beneficial re
sults contemplated, and others have been established and will soon be pre
pared to furnish additional accommodations for the. unfortunate.
A Board of Commissioners of Public State Charities, with powers of visi
tation and supervision, is appointed by the Governor. The N. Y. Institution
for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, founded in 1818, is one of the
largest of its character in the world. It has maintained a high position as
a school for deaf mutes, and its pupils have increased nearly 40 per cent, in
the last five years. Its former principal, H. P. Peet, LL. D., who had con
ducted the affairs of the institution for nearly 37 years, resigned his position
in 1867, and his son, Isaac L. Peet, A. M., was appointed his successor.
1869.] NEW YOKK. 417
The Institution for the Blind, at New York, founded in 1831, is one of the
largest of its class. Its school is thoroughly graded with a regular course
of instruction, embracing the common and higher branches of an English
education. An institution for the blind has been established at Batavia, and
tasteful buildings erected for its use.
The Asylum for Idiots was removed from Albany, in 1855, to Syracuse.
It has extensive grounds, complete apparatus, and facilities for its work,
which have been very successfully employed to the great benefit of its pupils.
The State Lunatic Asylum, at Utica, which was opened in 1843, has been
overcrowded for several years, and two other asylums have been established,
the Willard Asylum at Ovid, and the Hudson River Asylum at Poughkeep-
sie. The Bloomingdale Asylum is a department of the New York Hospital
in New York City. The city and county of New York support a large in
sane hospital on Blackwell's Island, the Commissioners of Emigration one on
Ward's Island, and there are also several county asylums. There are private
insane hospitals at Flushing, Hyde Park and elsewhere. There is also an
Asylum for insane convicts at Auburn. The Inebriate Asylum at Binghamp-
ton has been conveyed to the state, in accordance with an act of the Legis
lature. It has been quite successful in reclaiming the unfortunate class com
mitted to its care.
The Western House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents, at Rochester, has
a farm of 42 acres of excellent land and convenient buildings, but no provis
ion for the classification of the inmates, which the managers deem desirable.
There are a number of charitable and correctional institutions in and around
New York, supported chiefly by the city.
New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, New York.
ISAAC LEWIS PEET, A. M., Principal. Number of pupils, Dec. 31, 1866 — males, 263; females,
171 ; total, 434. Admitted during 'the year— males, 33; females, 38; total, 71. Left during the
year, including 1 death, and 6 who remained but a short time — males, 40 ; females, 26 ; total, 66.
Number of pupils, Dec. 31, 1867— males, 256; females, 183; total, 439.
New York Asylum for Idiots. H. B. WILBUR, M. D., Superintendent. Number of pu
pils, 140 ; annual state appropriation, $25,000 ; income from pay pupils, $4,000 ; from counties
for clothing state pupils, $2,400 ; annual expenses, $31,500 ; cost of building, grounds and fur
niture, $100,000.
New York State Lunatic Asylum, ITtica. JOHN P. GRAY, Superintendent. Number
Of patients, Nov. 30, 1866— males, 320; females, 321 ; total, 641. Admitted during the year—
males, 221; females, 180; total, 401. Discharged— recovered, 159 ; improved, 58; unimproved,
164; not insane, 7; died, 51 ; total, 439. Remaining, Nov. 30, 1867— males, 310; females, 293;
total, 603. Age of those admitted— from 10 to 20, 33 ; 20 to 30, 116 ; 30 to 40, 78 ; 40 to 50, 75 ; 50
to 60, 55 ; 60 to 70, 34 ; 70 to 80, 4 ; total, 401. Civil condition— single, 160 ; married, 215; wid
owed, 26. Supposed cause of insanity — ill health, 161 ; vicious habits, 48 ; puerperal, 14 ; mens
trual irregularities, 11 ; phthisis pulmonalis, 17 ; intemperance, 25 ; injury to head, 12 ; epi
lepsy, 7 ; change of life, 6 ; imbeciles, 6; not insane, 6; miscellaneous and unascertained, 88;
total. 401. Occupation — farmers, 84; laborers, 33; housekeepers, 105; housework, 43; mer
chants, 8 ; teachers, 9 ; carpenters, 8 ; servants, 6 ; painters, 5 ; lawyers, 4 ; shoemakers, 4 ;
seamstresses, 4 ; clerks, 5; miscellaneous and no occupation, 84 ; total, 401. Nativity — New
York, 245 ; other states, 41 ; foreign countries, 115. Total number of admissions since opening
of asylum, in 1843, 8,380. Discharged— recovered, 3,259 ; improved, 1,237; unimproved, 2,178;
died, 1,010; not insane, 87; total, 7,777.
Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush. EDWARD R. CHAPIN, M. D., Resident Phy
sician. Patients in Asylum, Aug. 1, 1866— males, 197 ; females, 273 ; total, 470. Admitted dur
ing the year — males, 115; females, 116; total, 231. Discharged — recovered, 84 ; improved. 40;
unimproved, 9 ; died, 52 ; total, 185. Remaining, Aug. 1, 1867— males, 211 ; females, 305 ; total,
418 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
516. Supposed cause of insanity— intemperance, 20 ; ill health, 29 ; puerperal, 12 ; epilepsy, 18 ;
paralysis, 53; loss of friends, 9; business perplexities, 5 ; exposure, 5; religious excitement, 6 ;
vicious habits, 12; imbecile. 15; periodical, 2(5; miscellaneous and unknown, 63; total, 231.
Nativity — American, 79 ; foreigners, 152. Civil condition of those admitted since 1858 — single,
806; married, 1,062; unknown, 45; total, 1,913.
New York State Inebriate Asylum, Binghampton. ALBERT DAY, M. D., Superin
tendent. There were admitted during the year 1867,80 patients— from New York, 42 ; other
states, 38. Average age, 31. Civil condition— married, 35 ; single, 45. Discharged, 40. Re
maining, Dec. 31, 1867, 40.
Western House of Refuge, Rochester. SAMUEL S. WORD, Superintendent. Number in
institution, Jan. 1, 1867, 510. Number received, 226. There were discharged — to parents, 212;
to situations for work, 58; died, 7; escaped, 12. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1868, 448. Age— 10 years
and less, 23; 11 years, 19; 12 years, 44; 13 years, 29; 14 years, 25; 15 years, 37; 16 years, 19;
between 17 and 20,8. Parentage— American, 70; foreign, 134. Crimes— petit larceny, 151 ;
grand larceny, 19 ; burglary, 12 ; vagrancy, 11 ; assault, 4 ; miscellaneous, 7. Whole number re
ceived since opening of institution in 1849, 2,827.
STATE PRISONS.
The State Prisons at Sing Sing, Auburn and Clinton seem to have been
managed so as to give general satisfaction. The expenditures for 1867 were
about $170,000 more than the receipts. The new constitution materially
changed the system of control of State Prisons, abolished the office of In
spector, and provided for a board of five persons to be appointed by the
Governor and Senate, and to hold office 10 years.
State Prison, Sing Sing. S. H. JOHNSON, Agent and Warden. Number of convicts, Sept.
30. 1866— males, 1,202; females, 164; total, 1,366; number received during the year— males, 597;
females, 63; total, 660; number discharged— males. 537; females, 81; total, 618; number died—
males. 23; females, 4; total, 27; number remaining; Sept. 30, 1867— males, 1,263; females, 146;
total. 1,409. of whom there were— natives— males, 670; females. 67; natives of other countries
—males, 593; females, 79; the crimes for which they were convicted were— against persons-
males. 150; females, 18; against property— males, 1,029; females. 127; against property and
persons— males. 84 ; females, 1. In their habits of life, there were— temperate— males, 279;
females. 75: intemperate— males, 517; females, 53; moderate— males, 467; females, 18. Their
ages when convicted were— 14 years, 4; 15 years, 4; 16 years and less than 20— males, 193; fe
males. 25; 20 years and less than 30— males, 770; females, 70; 30 years and less than 40— males,
187 ; females, 37 ; 40 years and less than 50— males. 72 ; females, 11 ; 50 years and less than 60—
males, 24: females, 2; 60 years and less than 70— males, 6 ; females, 1; 70 years and over, 3.
The terms of their sentences were — for less than 2 years — males, 70; females, 16; 2 years and
less than 3 years — males. 404 ; females, 52; 3 years and less than 4 years — males, 192; females,
21 ; 4 years and less than 5 years — males, 130 ; females, 12 ; 5 years and less than 10 years — males,
308 ; females. 30 ; 10 years and less than 20 years — males, 125 ; females. 5 ; 20 years and less than
life — males. 12 ; females, 1 ; life — males, 19 ; females, 9 ; sentence of death — males, 3.
State Prison, Auburn. MORGAN AUGSBURY, Agent and Warden. Number of convicts in
prison. Sept. 30, 1866, 753; number received during the year, 496; number discharged, 322;
number remaining in prison, Sept. 30, 1867, 927; of whom there were— natives, 628; natives of
other countries, 299 ; the crimes for which they were committed — against person, 134 ; against
property. 674 ; against person and property, 82 ; against United States Government, 37 ; in their
habits of life, there were— temperate, 199 ; intemperate, 499 ; moderate, 229 ; in their social re
lations, ihere were— married, 261 ; single, 666 ; their ages when convicted were— 15 years, 2 ; 16
years and less than 20, 133 ; 20 years and less than 25, 308 ; 25 years and less than 30, 173 ; 30
years and less than 40, 175 ; 40 years and less than 50, 96 ; 50 years and less than 60, 27 ; 60 years
and less than 70, 9 ; 70 years and over, 4 ; the terms of their sentences were— 1 year and less
than 2, 92 ; 2 years and less than 3, 244 ; 3 years and less than 4, 148 ; 4 years and less than 5, 105 ;
5 years and less than 10, 203 ; 10 years and less than 20, 108 ; 20 years and less than 30, 5 ; 30 years
and less than 31, 1 ; life, 21.
State Prison, Clinton. JOHN PARKHURST, Agent and Warden. Number of convicts in
prison, Sept. 30, 1866, 440; number received during the year, 245 ; number discharged, 178 ; num
ber remaining in prison, Sept. 30, 1867, 507 ; of whom there were — natives, 339 ; natives of other
countries, 168 ; the crimes for which they were committed were — against person, 92; against
1869.] NEW YORK. 419
property. 410 ; against the Government, 5 ; in their habits of life there were— temperate, 140 ;
intemperate, 172 ; moderate. 195; in their social relations there were— married, 225; single, 282;
number that could read and write, 361 ; read only, 92; neither read nor write, 54; their ages
when convicted were— 14 years and less than 20, 83 ; 20 years and less than 30, 277 ; 30 years and
less than 40. 87 ; 40 years and less than 50, 40 ; 50 years and less than 60, 15 ; 60 years and les*
than 70, 3 ; 70 years and over, 2 ; the terms of their sentences were— 1 year and less than 2, 54 ;
2 years 'and less than 3, 144 ; 3 years and less than 4, 89 ; 4 years and less than 5, 44; 5 years and
less than 10, 88 ; 10 years and less than 15, 40 ; 15 years and less than 21, 27 ; life, 21.
Amount expended for all purposes at the several prisons during the year
ending Sept. 30, 1867.
For what expended. Sing Sing. Auburn. Clinton.
Salaries of officers $76,414.92 $56,683.36 $44,578.89
Rations 108,477.87 65,300.40 44,008.93
Stationery 1,095.49 1,024.07 408.12
Discharged convicts 1,539.02 1,928.04 1,586.75
Furniture 675.10 153.25 559.55
Hospital 2,303.46 1,568.87 307.09
Clothing and bedding 31,845.09 20,613.63 17,496.34
Building and repairs 11,187.01 4,806.24 150.49
Oil, fuel, gas, etc 10,319.48 7,686.24 2,352.98
Hayand grain 224.03 1,390.14 19.20
Stock and materials 4,387.18 904.35
Miscellaneous 11,118.75 4,262.34 6,259.87
Manufacturing purposes 189,606.61
$255,200.22 $169,803.76 $308,239.17
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of the state at different periods was as follows :
White. Free Colored. Blares. Total. Inc. percent.
1790 314,142 4,654 21.324 340,120
1800 556,039 10,374 20,343 586,756 72.51
1810 918,699 25,333 15,017 959,049 63.45
1820 1,332,744 29,279 10,088 1,372,111 43.14
1830 1,873,663 44,870 75 1,918,608 J
1840 2,378,890 50,027 4 2,428,921
1850 3,048.325 49,069 3,097,394 27.53
1860 3,831,730 49,005 3,880,735 25.29
1865 3,831,777 *1.26
The rank in population which this state has held among the states, was
the fifth in 1790, the third in 1800, the second in 1810, and the first in 1820,
and ever since. The yearly arrivals of emigrants at the port of New York
for the last 20 years, were :
1849 220,791 1854 319,223 1859 79,322 1864 225,216
1850 212,603 1855 136,823 1860 105,162 1865 196,347
1851 289,601 1856 142,342 1861 65,529 1866 233,398
1852 300,992 1857 183.773 1862 76,306 1867 242,371
1853 284,945 1858 78,589 1863 156,844 1868 213,686
The larger numbers were from England, Germany and Ireland. The arrival
from these countries, the last three years, were :
1866. 1867. 1868.
Germany 106,716 117,591 101,989
Ireland 68,047 65,137 47,571
England 36,186 33,711 29,692
* Decrease,
420 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
This state also ranks first in wealth. Its variety of soil and diversity of
climate are favorable to a variety of agricultural productions. The value
of its annual crop of oats, barley, potatoes and hay is greater than that of
any other state, and the value of the latter product is more than twice as
great. Large quantities of wheat, Indian corn, buckwheat, rye and various
fruits and vegetables are also produced. Its manufactures are very extensive,
and it surpasses every other state in the amount and extent of its commerce.
During the year 1867, the receipts for customs collected at the port of New
York were $114,035,984. Seven-eighths of the entire tariff revenue of the
country are collected at the New York custom house.
In internal improvements, this state took the lead, and its canals and rail
roads have not only contributed largely to its own wealth, but also to the
wealth and industry of other states. The value of articles passing over the
canals in 1866, was $270,963,676, and 68,375 tons of merchandise went to
other states, by wray of Buffalo. The principal mineral products are iron,
salt and marble.
(For an account of the Population, Wealth and Industry of New York City,
see under that head}.
Agricultural Products in 1 866. Corn, 22,809,893 bushels, value, $26,459,475 ; wheat, 12.-
556,406 bushels, value, $33,525,604; rye, 5,309,874 bushels, value, $6,424,947; oats, 54,029,350
bushels, value, $32,957,903; barley, 4,459,288 bushels, value, $4,726,845; buckwheat, 6,476.597
bushels, value, $5,958,469; potatoes, 31,156,676 bushels, value, $21,498,106; tobacco, 9,824,384
pounds, value, $1,326,291 ; hay, 4,759,516 tons, value, $77,008,969.
Receipts of Lumber by canal at tide water, for last eix years :
Boards and Scantling— Feet. Shingles— Thous. Timber— cubic feet. Stares— Pounds
1863 466,304,600 96,100 5,560,600 282,478,000
1864 495,287,400 30,832 4,121,110 286,250,000
1865 492,535,200 34,096 3,722,500 223,274,000
1866 641,555,400 54,528 4,084,800 290,060,000
1867 675,055,455 44,392 3,369,800 273,889,571
1868 736,653,998 51,657 2,417,663
Receipts of lumber by canals at Albany, for last six years :
Boards and Scantling— Feet. Shingles— Thous. Timber — cubic feet. Stares— Founds.
1863 243,611,500 .21,223 307,700 146,746,300
1864 255,418,200 24,000 314,950 86,790,000
- 1865 258,998,400 24,048 136,150 25,046,000
1866 333,508,100 39,594 260,619 27,908,700
1867 382,883,955 26,880 62,705 31,460,271
1868 437,097,000 37,069 66,900
Banks. The whole number of National Banks organized in the state is 314, of which 15 are
closed or closing, leaving 299 in operation, with a paid up capital of $116,544,941.
Insurance Companies. There are 114 Fire Insurance Companies, with a capital of $29,-
111,332; total assets, Jan. 1,1868, $46,543,631.83; net cash premiums received in 1867, $24,066,-
468.95; total income, $27,169,686.75 ; total loss in 1867, as reported, $14,313,431.07 ; net amount
of risks written in 1867, $2,508,426,421.33.
Imports, for year ending June 30, 1868, were valued at $243,713,045, and the exports for the
same time were valued at $250,868,305.
1869.] NORTH CAROLINA. 421
26. NORTH CAROLINA.
Capital, Raleigh. Area, 50,704 square miles. Population, (1860), 992,622.
Worth Carolina was settled at Albemarle by the English, (emigrants from
Virginia), in 1650, and was chartered, March 20, 1663. It was one of the
original thirteen States, adopted a State constitution, Dec. 18, 1776, and ratified
the United States constitution, Nov. 21, 1789. An ordinance of secession
was adopted, May 20, 1861, and declared null and void, Oct. 7, 1865. A pro
visional governor was appointed by the President, March 29, 1865.
By act of Congress, March 2, 1867, this State became part of the 2d mili
tary district under the command of Major General Daniel E. Sickles, until
the 26th of August, when he was removed by the President, and Major Gen
eral E. R. S. Canby appointed in his place.
A State convention was held in 1868, and a new constitution framed,
which was submitted to the people and ratified by a majority, April 21-23.
The State was re-admitted into the Union by act of Congress, June 25, 1868.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor WM. W, HOLDEN Raleigh *Not fixed.
Lieutenant Governor TOD R. CALDWELL Morgantou u
Secretary of State HENRY J. MENNINGER Newbern "
Treasurer DAVID A. JENKINS Gaston "
Auditor HENDERSON H. ADAMS Davidson
Attorney General WM. COLEMAN Concord
Supt.of Public Instruction S. S. ASHLEY Wilmington
Supt. of Public Works C. L. HARRIS Rutherforton
Adjutant General A. W. FISHER Bladen Co
State Librarian H. D. COLERY
All the above officers, except the Adjutant General, are elected by the
qualified voters of the State on the first Thursday in August every fourth
year, and hold office four years from the 1st day of January next after their
election. The present State officers were elected, April, 1868, and hold their
offices four years from and after the first day of January, 18(f9.
The Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public
Works, and Superintendent of Public Instruction ex-officio constitute the
Council of State, who advise the Governor in the execution of his office, and
three of whom constitute a quorum ; their advice and proceedings in this
capacity are entered in a Journal, to be kept for this purpose exclusively, and
such Journal is placed before the General Assembly when called for by either
House.
The constitution provides that there shall be established in the office of
the Secretary of State, a Bureau of Statistics, Agriculture and Immigra
tion, under such regulations as the General Assembly may provide. The
Senate is composed of 50 members ; and the House of Representatives of 120
members.
The State is divided into 43 senatorial districts, each of which elects one
Senator only, except the 1st, 10th, 13th, 16th, 19th, 21st and 26th, which elect
two each. Representatives are apportioned to the different counties, accord-
* The salaries had not been fixed, November, 1868.
422 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1863.
ing to population, but each county has at least one Representative. Senators
and Representatives are elected biennially, by ballot, on the first Thursday in
August, for two years.
Every male citizen, twenty-one years of age or upward, who has resided in
the State 12 months, and in the county 30 days preceding an election, is en
titled to vote. No person can vote without being registered. The following
persons are disqualified by the constitution : All persons who shall deny the
being of Almighty God, and all persons who shall have been convicted of
treason, perjury or of any other infamous crime since becoming citizens of the
United States, or of corruption or mal-practice in office, unless such person
shall have been legally restored to the rights of citizenship.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court for the trial of Im
peachments, a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, Courts of Justices of the
Peace, and Special Courts. The Senate is the Court for the trial of Impeach
ments. A majority of the members is necessary to a quorum, and the judg
ment must not extend beyond removal from, and disqualification to hold
office in this State ; but the party shall be liable to indictment and punish
ment according to law.
The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices.
This Court has jurisdiction to review, upon appeal, any decision of the courts
below, upon any matter of law or legal inference : but no issue of fact may
be tried before this court. The court has power to issue any remedial writs
necessary to give it a general supervision and control of the inferior courts,
and it has original jurisdiction to hear claims against the State, but its
decisions are recommendatory.
The State is divided into twelve judicial districts, for each of which a
judge is chosen who is to hold a Superior Court in each county in said dis
trict, at least twice in each year, to continue for two weeks unless the business
shall be sooner disposed of. Every Judge of the Superior Court must reside
in 'his district while holding office. The Judges may exchange districts with
each other with the consent of the Governor. The Superior Courts have ex
clusive original jurisdiction of all civil actions, whereof exclusive original ju
risdiction is not given to some other courts ; and of all criminal actions, in
which the punishment may exceed a fine of fifty dollars or imprisonment for
one month ; and appellate jurisdiction of all issues of law or fact, determined
by a Probate Judge or a Justice of the Peace, where the matter in controversy
exceeds twenty-five dollars, and of matters of law in all cases. Clerks for the
Superior Courts hold their offices for four years.
The Justices of the Supreme Court and the Judges of the Superior Court
are elected by the qualified voters of the State, for eight years; but the Judges
of the Superior Courts chosen at the first election under the new constitution
were divided by lot into two equal classes, one of which holds office for four
years, the other for eight years. A Solicitor is elected for each judicial dis
trict by the qualified voters thereof, as is prescribed for members of the Gen-
1809.] NORTH CAROLINA. 403
era! Assembly, who holds office for the term of four years, and is to prosecute
on behalf of the State, in all criminal actions in the Superior Courts, and
advise the officers of justice in his district. In each county, a Sheriff and
Coroner are elected and hold their offices for two years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase ; District Judye, George W. Brooks ; District Attorney, D.
II. Starbuck ; Marshal, Daniel R. Goodloe ; Clerks District Court, Samuel T. Bond, Charles
Uibbard, William Larkins.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, R. M. Pearson, Yadkin Co. Associate Justices, Edwin G. Reade, Person Co. ;
Wm. B. Rodman, Beaufort ; R. P. Dick, Guilford ; Thos. Settle, Rockingham ; Wm. M. Coleman,
and Samuel F. Phillips, Wake Co. Clerk, C. B. Root ; Marshal, James Litchford, both of Wake
Co. Salaries of Judges, $2,500 each.
SUPERIOR COURT.
Judges— 1st District, Charles C. Pool ; 2eZ District, Edmund W. Jones ; M District, Charles R.
Thomas ; 4th District, Daniel L. Russell, Jr. ; 5th District, Ralph P. Buxton ; Gth District, Sam
uel W. Watts ; 1th District, Albion W. Tourgee ; 8th District, John M. Cloud ; Wi District, Geo.
W. Logan ; IW.h District, Anderson Mitchell ; llth District, James L. Henry ; 12th District,
Riley H. Cannon. Salaries, $2,500 each.
TERMS OP COURTS.
Supreme Court. There are two terms held at Raleigh, in each year, commencing on the first
Monday in January, and the first Monday in June, and continuing as long as the public interests
may require.
Superior Court. At least two Courts must be held in each county twice in each year, to con
tinue for two weeks. In the 4th Judicial District, the terms are as follows : Robeson Co., 4th
Monday in August and February. Bladen Co., 2d Monday ; Columbus Co., 4th Monday ; Bruns
wick Co., Gth Monday; New Hanover Co., 8th Monday; Sampson Co., 10th Monday; and Duplin
Co., 12th Monday after the 4th Monday in August and February.
FINANCES.
Balance in hands of Public treasurer, Oct. 1, 1867, - $258,681.64
Receipts for Literary Fund, for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1868, 21,564.64
Receipts of Public Fund for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1868, 1,925,564.98
$2^205,811.26
Disbursements of Literary Fund for year ending
Sept. 30, 1868, $35,866.01
Disbursements of Public Fund for same time, 2,019,909.41
. $2,055,775.42
Leaving in hands of Public Treasurer, Oct. 1, 1868, $150,035.84
There has been a large deficiency of taxes due on or before Oct. 1, 1867, for several reasons:
1st. The bad crops of 18G7 caused the people to be, in many cases, unable to pay their taxes. 2d.
In many cases, the out-going Sheriffs made little exertion to collect the taxes, and the in-coming
Sheriffs qualified so late as to be unable fully to meet their obligations at the Treasury. 3d. In
some instances, the out-going officers collected "County Orders," which the in-coming Sheriffs
did not feel authorized to accept. This dispute delayed settlement of the State taxes.
STATE DEBT.
According to the report of the State Treasurer, the debt of the State, Oct.
1, 1868, was as follows:
Bonds dated before May 20, 1861, - . $8,511,000
Those dated sinee May 20, 1865, 10,698,945
Total issued to Oct. 1, 1868, including $2,000,000 accrued interest, $19,209,945
424 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Of the above amount, $3,200,000 had been delivered to the Chatham Railroad Company, in ex
change for their bonds, and it was expected that the company would meet the interest due
thereon. If this should be so, the debt on which the State must pay interest, outstanding on
October 1, 1868, would be $16,009,945. The interest to be raised by the State, the present fiscal
year will be, Oct. 1, 1868, $112,101 : Jan. 1, 1869, $308,197 ; April 1, 1869, $304,101 ; July 1, 1869,
$308,197 ; total for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1869, $1,032,596. The expenses of the State gov
ernment as estimated from appropriations already made, and supposing a session of the General
Assembly of ninety days, will not probably be less than $375,000. This added to the interest
above, makes the whole amount for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1869, $1,407,596.
EDUCATION.
The University of North Carolina with its lands, emoluments and fran
chises, is under the control of the State, and is to be held to an inseparable
connection with the Free Public School System of the State. The benefits
of the University as far as practicable are to be extended to the youth of the
State, free of expense for tuition. Previous to the late war, this institution
was in a very flourishing condition, but its resources have been crippled by
the failure of the State Bank, in which $200,000 of its endowment was in
vested. The Board of Education elect for the University one Trustee for
each county in the State, whose term of office is eight years. One-fourth of
the Trustees are chosen every second year. The Board of education and the
President of the University are ex-officio members of the Board of Trustees,
and with three other Trustees to be appointed by the Board, constitute the Ex
ecutive Committee of the Trustees of the University of North Carolina. The
Governor is ex-offido President of the Board of Trustees, and Chairman of
the Executive Committee of the University.
Before the war, public schools were maintained in the State, by means
of the income derived from the Literary Fund, which amounted to $2,500,000
in 1860. About half of this fund was swept away by the war ; and the sys
tem of district schools which had brought a rudimentary education within
the reach of all, free of cost, was prostrated, but measures have been taken
to revive it.
The constitution provides for a general and uniform system of Free Public
Schools. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer,
Auditor, Superintendent of Public Works, Superintendent of Public Instruc
tion and Attorney General, constitute a State Board of Education, which suc
ceeds to all the powers and trusts of the President and Directors of the Literary
Fund of North Carolina, and has full power to legislate and make all needful
rules and regulations in relation to Free Public Schools, and the Educational
Fund. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the chief oversight of
the schools. Each county is divided into school districts, in each of which
one or more public schools must be maintained at least four months in the
year. The schools of each county are under the supervision and control
of county commissioners elected biennially.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The constitution requires the General Assembly to appoint and define the
duties of a Board of Public Charities, to whom shall be intrusted the super
vision of all charitable and penal State institutions. Provision is to be
1869.] NORTH CAROLINA. 425
made for the education and care of deaf mutes, of the blind, insane, and of
idiots and inebriates at the charge of the State. One or more Orphan Houses
are to be established.
The Asylum for the Insane was opened for the reception of patients, Feb.
22, 1856. During the first ten years of its existence, it had 693 inmates. It
suffered severely during the late war, both from the removal and destruction of
fences, and from the difficulty of procuring supplies. Since the close of the
war, the fences have been replaced, the buildings repaired, and the capabili
ties of the institution increased.
The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, after being closed
for a short time, was re-opened January 1, 1866. This also suffered by the
war, but the buildings have been repaired, new furniture purchased, and the
institution put in a condition for its work. Pupils are employed from two to
three hours a day in book-binding, and in making shoes and brooms.
The State has had no State Prison, but the constitution of 1868 requires
the General Assembly to make provision for the erection and conduct of a
State Prison or Penitentiary at some central point. The General Assembly
may also provide for the erection of a House of Correction, and may establish
Houses of Refuge.
Insane Asylum, Raleigh. E. C. FISHER, M. D., Superintendent. Number of patients in
Asylum Nov. 1, 1864— males, 96, females, 84 ; total, 180. Admitted during the two years— males,
61, females, 46; total, 107. Whole number under treatment during the two years— males, 157,
females, 130 ; total, 287. Number of patients discharged during the two years— males, 43, fe
males, 19; total, 62; recovered, 22 ; improved, 9; unimproved, 20. Number died— males, 32,
females, 27 ; total, 59. Eloped, 11. Remaining Nov. 1,1866— males, 82, females, 83; total, 165.
Supposed cause of insanity of those in the Asylum during the two years— ill health, 27 ; intem
perance, 10 ; epilepsy, 17 ; domestic troubles, 12 ; the war, 18 ; hereditary, 7 ; miscellaneous and
unknown, 202; total, 287. There were unmarried, 165 ; married, 94 ; widowed, 28. Age when in
sanity is supposed to have commenced — less than 5 years of age, 3 ; 5 to 10, 4 ; 10 to 15, 6 ; 15 to
20, 33 ; 20 to 25, &5 ; 25 to 30, 37 ; 30 to 35, 27 ; 35 to 40, 26 ; 40 to 50, 27 ; 50 to 60, 18 ; 60 to 70, 6 ;
unknown, 65; total, 287. Receipts : Balance in hand Sept. 30, 1865, $0.89 ; received from Public
Treasurer, $41,258.90; from pay patients for board, $6,860.92; miscellaneous, $112; total, $48,-
242.71. For year's support, $39,493.67 ; for improvements and for articles used prior to Sept. 30,
1865, $7,492.19: balance on hand Oct. 1, 1866, $1,256.85; total, $48,242.71.
North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind, Raleigh. W. J.
PALMER, Principal. Number of pupils during the year ending Sept. 1, 1867 — males, 56, females,
37 ; total, 93. Of these, 67 are deaf mutes, and 26 are blind. Receipts : To cash in hand Sept. 1,
1867, $77.44 ; received from public treasurer, $29,650 ; from mechanical department, $2,797.49 ;
from board and tuition, $755.70; miscellaneous, $270; total, $33,550.63. Expenditures, $30,-
313.56; balance in hand July 1, 1868, $3,237.07 ; total, $33,550.63.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
No census has been taken by the State, but the following summary from
the United States census, exhibits the population of the State at different
periods. The highest per cent, of increase was from 1790 to 1800, when it
was 21.42 per cent.
Census. Whites.
1700 288,204..
Free Colored.
4,975
100,579
Total . Increase per ot.
393 751
1800 337,764..
1810 37(5,410..
1820 419,200..
1&30 472,843..
1840 ..484,870..
7,043...
10,266
14,612
19,543...
22 732
..133,296.,
..168,824
..205,217...
..245,661
245 817
478,103 21.42
555,500 16.19
...638,829 15.00
737,987 15.52
753 419 2 09
1850 .553,028
27 463
288 548
860 039 15 35
1860 631,000..
30,463
..331,059
992,622 14.20
426 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
The State is naturally divided into three sections — a low plain on the east,
nearly level, extending about 150 miles from the coast, mostly covered with
pines ; the middle or hilly section, and the western or mountainous plateau.
The productions are chiefly agricultural. Fisheries abound in the sounds
and rivers of the eastern counties. The species of fish mostly taken are the
herring, shad, blue-fish, mullet and rock. The number of barrels annually
packed for market, is about 100,000 on the waters of Albemarle Sound.
Considerable quantities are packed at other points.
The most important minerals are coal, iron, gold, copper, silver, lead, and
plumbago. The coal is bituminous, and exists in two beds, situated one
hundred and two hundred miles from the coast, on Cape Fear River and on
Dan River. It is accessible, abundant and of good quality. Iron ore of ex
cellent quality abounds in all parts of the State ; the principal seat of its
manufacture being on the Cape Fear, Catawba and Yadkin rivers. Gold is
found in almost all parts of the State, especially in the middle region ; the
annual product for many years has been about $250,000. Copper mines
abound in the middle, northern and Avestern counties. Plumbago is found in
great abundance near the capital, and again in the western region.
According to the census of 1860, there wTere 6,500,000 acres of improved
land, or about one-fifth of the area of the State.
Products in 1866. Corn, 21,656,506 bushels, value $24,255,354; wheat, 2,846,223 bushels,
value, $7,741,727; rye, 371,327 bushels, value $fi31,256; oats, 2,948,771 bushels, value, $2,092,627;
potatoes, 830,565 bushels, value, $588,701 ; tobacco, 39,423,900 pounds, value, $8,081,399 ; hay,
163,229 tons, value, $2,121,977.
Manufactures. The amount invested in the manufacture of cotton was $2.250,000 ; lum
ber, $1,000,000; turpentine, $2,000,000; iron, $500,000; and wool, $350,000.
Banks. There were in North Carolina, September 30, 1868, 6 National Banks, with a capital
of $653,300.
27. OHIO.
Capital, Columbus. Area, 39,964 square miles. Population, (1860), 2,339,511.
This state was formed from the North-Western territory, ceded to the
United States by Virginia, in 1783. It was settled at Marietta in 1788, by
emigrants from New England, and admitted into the Union as a state, April
30, 1802.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor R. B. HAYES Cincinnati $4,000
Lieutenant Governor JOHN C. LEE , Tiffin 800
Secretary of State ISAAC R. SHERWOOD 2,000
Auditor JAMES H. GOBMAN Marion 3,000
Treasurer SIDNEY S. WARNER Huntington 3.000
Comptroller of Treasury M. R. BRAILEY Swanton .' 1,700
Attorney General W. H. WEST Bcllefontaine 1,500
Commissioner of Schools JOHN A. NORRIS Cadiz 2,000
Secretary Board of Agriculture. JOHN 'II. KLIPPART Columbus *2,500
Board of Public Works JOHN M. BARRERE New Market 800
PH. V. HERZING St. Mary's 800
JAMES MOORE Mohawk Village 800
* This Salary is not paid by the state, and out of it the assistants must be paid.
1809.] OHIO. 427
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Treasurer are elected by the peo
ple for two years, and the Secretary of State and Attorney General for the
same period ; but their election takes place on alternate years. The Comp
troller of the Treasury, and State School Commissioner are elected for three
years, and the Auditor of State for four years. The members of the Board
of Public Works are elected for three years, one going out of office each
year.
The Senators and Representatives are elected for two years. The number
of each differs with different years, according to a schedule in the act of ap
portionment. There are in the present Senate, 37 senators, and in the House,
105 representatives. The regular sessions of the Legislature are biennial,
commencing on the first Monday of January of the even years. The general
election is the second Tuesday in October.
White male citizens of the United States twenty-one years of age, who
have resided one year in the state, are entitled to vote. Soldiers, marines,
idiots, and insane persons are excluded.
STATE MILITIA.
Commander-in- Chief ....E. B. HATES Columbus.
Staff. COL. L. MARKBREIT, A. D. C Cincinnati.
COL. H. J. COVELL, A. D. C Ashtabula.
Adjutant General EDWARD F. SCHNEIDER : Columbus.
Asst. Adjutant General WILLIAM A. KNAPP Columbus.
Quartermaster General D. W. H. DAY Columbus.
Surgeon General SAMUEL D. TURKEY Circleville.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Court consists of five Judges, chosen by the people for a
term of five years, one judge retiring from office each year unless re-elected.
The Judge having the shortest time to serve is Chief Justice. This Court
has original jurisdiction in quo warranto, mandamus, habeas corpus, and pro-
cedendo, and appellate jurisdiction in all other matters. It holds at least one
term each year at Columbus, and such other terms as may be provided by
law.
The state is divided into ten Common Pleas districts, each of which, except
that for Hamilton County, is subdivided into three or more parts, from each
of which parts, one judge, to reside while in office in his district, is chosen
by the electors of each subdivision for five years. In several districts, some
of the subdivisions elect two or more judges each. Courts of Common Pleas
are held by one or more of the judges in every county, and more than one
court may be held at the same time, in each district. District Courts, com
posed of the judges of the Courts of Common Pleas of the respective districts,
and of one of the judges of the Supreme Court, any three of whom form a
quorum, are held in 'each county at least once in each year. The District
Courts have the same original jurisdiction with the Supreme Court.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge— Northern District, Charles T. Sherman.
Southern District, H. H. Leavitt. District Attorney— Northern District, F. J. Dickman. South-
428 THE AMEKICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
ern District, Durbin Ward. Marshal— Northern District, Russell Hastings. Southern District,
H. Hickcnlooper. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts— Northern District, F. W. Green. South
ern District, John McLean.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, Luther Day, Ravenna. Judges, William White, Springfield; John Welch,
Athene ; Jacob Brinkerhoff, Mansfield : Josiah Scott, Hamilton. Salaries, $3,000 each. Clerk,
Rodney Foos, Wilmington. Reporter, L. J. Critchfield, Columbus.
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury, November 15, 1867, - ... $667,990.79
Receipts during the year, _-__._. 4,347,484.82
$5,025,475.61
Disbursements, 4,455,354.86
Balance in Treasury, November 15, 1868, $570,120.75
The disbursements were from the following funds :
General Revenue Fund $1,518,210.35
Canal Fund 14,939.39
National Road Fund 18,829.36
Sinking Fund 1,472,226.33
Common School Fund 1,426,868.80
Bank Redemption Fund 16.95
Soldiers1 Claims Fund 3,781.68
Soldiers1 Allotment Fund 482.00
STATE DEBT.
Amount of the Public Funded Debt, Nov. 15, 1867, $11,031,941.56
During the year the redemptions on the Loan of
1860, were, - • $14,650.67
Of Foreign Union Loan of 1868, 191,166.00
Of Domestic Loan of 1868, - - - 136,088.13
Of Loan of 1870, 157,361.33 499,266.13
Debt outstanding, Nov. 15, 1868, $10,532,675.43
EDUCATION.
According to the report of the Commissioner of Common Schools, there
were in this state in 1867, 26 Colleges, 43 Ladies Seminaries, 65 Academies
and Normal Schools, and 647 Private Schools. The statistics of these insti
tutions, which returned an answer to our inquiries, are given under Colleges
and Collegiate Institutions. (See page 200).
The general supervision of the public schools of the state is placed in the
hands of a State Commissioner, elected by the people. The very able report
made by this officer in 1868, after giving a full account of the public schools
of the state, recommends the adoption of the following measures : 1st. A
system of county supervision of schools ; 2d. A system of professional in
struction for teachers ; 3d. The abolition of the sub-district system, and the
adoption of the township or district system ; 4th. The distribution of the
1869.] OHIO. 429
State's gratuity on the base of aggregate school attendance, instead of as
now, on the basis of enumeration.
A State Board of Examiners, organized in 1864, is authorized to issue
state certificates to such teachers as are found qualified, said certificates
being valid during the life-time of the holder, unless revoked by the State
Board. In cities, towns, and incorporated villages, a local board of educa
tion has supervision of Public Schools, with power to lay taxes within cer
tain limits for school purposes. Separate school districts containing not
less than 275 inhabitants, may be organized, and in such districts a board
of education, consisting of the persons chosen by the legal voters, has similar
authority.
Public Schools. Number of unmarried youth between the ages of five and twenty-one,
enumerated, white— male, 494,458 ; female, 477,247 ; total, 971, 705; colored— male, 12,026 ; female,
11,519; total, 23,545; whole number, 995,250.
Number of townships not organized as separate school districts, 1867, 1,348 ; number of sub-
school districts — single, 9,892 ; joint, 871 ; total, 10,703 ; number of separate school districts,
351 ; number of districts — organized under School Law for cities, towns, etc., 71 ; organized
under Akron Law, 62 ; organized under special laws, 7.
Number of school houses— frame, 8, '441 ; brick, 2,031 ; stone, 96; log, 785; total, 11,353 ; num
ber of school houses in sub-school districts — having suitable out-buildings, 1867, 3,345 ; with
grounds properly fenced, 2,489 ; whole number erected, 1867— frame, 412 ; brick, 137 ; total, 549 ;
total cost of school houses, $965,792 ; total value of school houses and grounds, $9,072,443.
Number of volumes in libraries (reported), 1867, 310,328; number of consolidated libraries-
required by law, 1,348; reported, 1867, 624; number of townships having school libraries, 699;
total value of school apparatus, $151,717.
Number of different teachers employed, 1867— male, 8,348; female, 13,220; total, 21,568; num
ber in common schools, 12,909; in high schools, 153; in German and English schools, 37; in
colored schools, 121 ; whole number of teachers necessary to supply schools, 13,588 ; whole
number of certificates granted to teachers, 1867— to males, 8,123 ; to females, 10,807 ; total, 18,-
930. Average monthly wages of teachers — male, in common schools, $38.52 ; in high schools,
$87.10 ; in German and English schools, $52.65 ; in colored schools, $37.44 ; female— in common
schools, $23.80 ; in high schools, $43.97 ; in German and English schools, $35.86 ; in colored
schools, $28.17.
Number of sub-districts in which teachers "boarded around," 1867, 11,739. Number of
schools— common, 11,373; high, 151; German and English, 33 ; colored, 182; total, 11,739. Aver
age number of weeks schools were in session, 1867 — common schools, 27.33 ; high schools, 35.45 ;
German and English schools, 35.90; colored schools, 21.56.
Number of scholars enrolled in the schools, 704,767 ; number in common schools, 1867 — male,
356,482; female, 322,744 ; total, 679,226 ; in high schools— male, 5,102 ; female, 6,253 ; total, 11.-
355 ; in German and English schools— male, 2,123 ; female, 1,977 ; total, 4,100 ; in colored schools
—male, 5,134 ; female, 4,952 ; total, 10,086 ; total average of daily attendance, 1867, 397,486.
Per centum— of enrollment on number enumerated, 1867, 70 ; of average daily attendance on
number enumerated, 40 ; of average daily attendance, 56.4.
Principal of Irreducible School Fund, Nov. 15, 1866, $3,334,500.52; rate of state tax, 1807,
(mills), 1.30 ; average rate of local tax (township), 1866-7, (mills), 2.66 ; average rate of local tax
(separate districts), 1806-7, (mills), 4.83.
Receipts— balance on hand, Sept. 1, 1866, $1,320,466.56; from Irreducible School Fund, $221,-
800.10; state tax, $1,409,403.50; local tax, $3,019,055.72 ; fines, licenses, etc., $208,660.92; total,
$6,179,386.80.
Expenditures— payment of teachers, $3,195,227.54; sites, buildings and repairs, $1,026,208.99;
fuel and other contingent expenses, $542,027.42 ; total, $4,763,463.95.
Private Schools. Whole number reported, 1867, 647; number of teachers in private
schools, 857 ; pupils enrolled, 1867, 26,450.
Whole number of Normal Schools and Academies reported, 1867, 40 ; number of regular teach
ers—male, 112 ; female, 66; total, 178; number of students in attendance, 1867— male, 4,019 ;
female, 2,148 ; total, 6,167; average number students belonging— male, 1,700; female, 765; total,
2,465; number of students preparing— to teach— male, 1,013; female, 782; total, 1,795; to enter
college or seminary— male, 320 ; female, 126 ; total, 446.
430 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Whole number of Ladies Seminaries reported, 33; number of instructors — gentlemen, 63;
ladies, 242; total, 305; number of students in attendance, 1867, 4,217; average number of stu
dents belonging, 2,408 ; number of graduates, 199 ; number of boarders, 1,954; total value of
buildings and grounds, $1,197,000.
Colleges. Whole number reported, 1867, 21 ; number of regular instructors, 1867— professors
127; tutors, 56; total, 183; whole number of students— male, 3,683 ; female, 1,055 ; total, 4,738;
number of graduates, 212 ; value of buildings and grounds, $1,722,105; amount of endowment
funds, $1,840,523; endowments received, $370,691; income from invested funds, rents, etc.,
$144,510 ; income from tuition, $43,565 ; total of salaries paid instructors, 1867, $97,871 ; number
of students — in preparatory course, 2,403 ; in scientific course, 856; in classical course, 1,113;
number of Freshmen, 1867, 519; Sophomores, 344; Juniors, 164; Seniors, 159; number of vol
umes in libraries, 121,011.
CHARITABLE .AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Board of State Charities, after having been organized four months,
made its first report at the close of 1867.
The general management of the state institutions is commended, but the
Board found many of the county Infirmaries and Jails in a deplorable con
dition, requiring thorough reform and improvement. Lack of sufficient
room, badly constructed buildings, want of drainage and pure water, were
some of the evils noticed.
There were three State Asylums for Lunatics. The Central Asylum at
Columbus was first opened for patients in 1838. It had been enlarged and
improved until it was one of the most extensive institutions in the country,
accommodating 350 patients ; but it was burned on the night of November
17, 18G8, and six of the inmates perished.
The Northern Asylum was opened for patients March 5, 1855, and the
Southern Asylum Sept. 1, 1855. Both of these institutions have been en
larged and much improved, and their capacity for usefulness increased dur
ing 1867 and 1868. A new Insane Asylum has been located at Athens; the
corner-stone was laid November 5, 1868.
The Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, which was
chartered in 1827, has been provided with a new and commodious building,
and the number of pupils has increased. The Legislature in 1867 enacted
that printing and book binding should be introduced into the industrial de
partment, and arrangements be made for the instruction and employment of
the pupils in these trades. No charge for board or tuition is made to pupils
from Ohio. The course of instruction is seven years,
The Institution for the Blind was founded in 1836. The Legislature in
1867 made an appropriation for the erection of a new building for this in
stitution, and the trustees secured a plan which was approved by the Gov
ernor. The estimated cost is $350,000.
The Asylum for Idiots was founded in 1857. A new building, with airy
and well arranged apartments, has just been provided for it.
The Ohio Reform School is located upon a farm of 1170 acres, six miles
south of Lancaster, Fairfield county. About 400 acres of land are cleared.
The orchards, including the vineyards and small fruits, cover about 150
acres — the remainder of the cleared portion is devoted to gardening, the
raising of farm products, and pasturage. An additional tract of land has
1869.] OHIO. 431
been provided. The buildings are located near the southern line of the
farm, and including yards, lawns and play grounds, occupy ten acres of
ground. The buildings include — one main building, eight family buildings,
and the necessary other buildings. The system has been quite successful and
has been much commended by committees from other states.
A reformatory school for girls has been strongly urged by the Governor
and the Board of Commissioners.
The Penitentiary appears to have been managed with great efficiency.
The discipline has been good. Though from 150 to 200 convicts have been
idle for want of employment, the receipts for the labor of the prisoners have
exceeded all the expenses of the prison by $12,714. A school is attached to
the prison, and special efforts are made for the intellectual and moral im
provement of the prisoners.
Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus. WM. L. PECK, M. D., Superintendent.
Number in asylum, Nov. 1, 1866— males, 137 ; females, 163; total, 300. Admitted during the
year— males, 92; females, 109 ; total, 201. Discharged— recovered, 125; improved, 20; unim
proved, 11 ; died, 15 ; total, 171. Remaining, Nov. 1, 1867, 330. Civil condition— single, 81 ;
married, 99 ; widowed, 21 ; total, 201. Age— under 20, 13; between 20 and 30, 67; 30 and 40, 47;
40 and 50, 33 ; 50 and 60, 29 ; 60 and 70. 10 ; 70 and 80, 2 ; total, 201. Whole number admitted in
29 years— males, 2,4a5 ; females, 2,466 ; total, 4,901. Discharged— males, 2,285 ; females, 2,286;
total, 4,571. Of those discharged, there were— recovered, 2,594; improved, 526 ; unimproved,
874 ; died, 577.
Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburgh. BYRON STANTON, Tfi..!)., Superintendent.
Number in institution, Oct. 31, 1866— males, 73; females, 71; total, 144. Admitted during the
year— males, 71 ; females. 84; total, 155. Discharged— recovered, 81 ; improved, 21 ; unimprov
ed, 31 ; died, 16; not insane, 1 ; total, 150. Remaining, Oct. 31, 1867— males, 72; females, 77;
total, 149. Supposed cause of insanity— ill health, 39 ; domestic trouble, 8 ; child birth, 8 ; mas
turbation, 11 ; intemperance, 6; miscellaneous and unknown, 83; total, 155. Civil condition-
single, 65; married, 90. Occupation— farmers. 33; farmers' wives and daughters, 39 ; laborers,
16 ; mechanics, 26 ; servant girls, 8 ; housekeepers, 8 ; school teachers, 5 ; miscellaneous and un
known, 20; total, 155. Nativity— Ohio, 68 ; other states, 43 ; foreign, 44; total, 155. Age— 10
years, 1 ; between 10 and 20, 13 ; 20 and 30, 48 ; 30 and 40, 38 ; 40 and 50, 23 ; 50 and 60, 25 ; 60
and 70, 8 ; total, 155.
Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton. RICHARD GUNDRY, M. D., Superintendent.
Number in Asylum, Nov. 1, 1866— males, 81 ; females, 96; total, 177. Admitted during the year
—males, 56 ; females, 49 ; total, 105. Discharged— recovered, 66 ; improved, 15 ; unimproved,
12; died, 11; total, 104. Remaining, Nov. 1, 1867— males, 83; females, 95; total, 178. Whole
number admitted since opening of institution in 1855— males, 678 ; females, 704; total, 1,382.
Discharged— recovered, 745 ; improved, 98; unimproved, 221; died, 140; total, 1,204. Nativity
—American, 952; foreign, 430; total, 1,382. Civil condition— single, 531; married, 742; widow
ed, 109; total, 1,382. Age— less than 20, 122; between 20 and 30, 463; 30 and 40, 355; 40 and 50,
252 ; 50 and 60, 129 ; 60 and 70, 51 ; 70 and 80, 7 ; 80 and 90, 2 ; unknown, 1 ; total, 1,382. Causes
of insanity— physical, 608 ; moral, 420 ; unknown, 354 ; total, 1,382.
Ohio Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Columbus. GIL
BERT O. FAY, Superintendent. Number in institution, Nov. 1, 1866, 150. Number admitted
since its opening, 941.
Ohio Institution for Education of the Blind, Columbus. ASA D. LORD, M. A., Su
perintendent. Number of pupils enrolled during the year— males, 80 ; females, 65; total, 145.
Whole number in attendance during the year ending Nov. 15, 1867, 185.
Ohio Reform School, Lancaster. G. E. HOWE, Acting Commissioner. Number in insti
tution, Nov. 1. 1866, 238. Received during the year, 111. Number that have gone from institu
tion—to care of friends, 88 ; indentured, 3 ; escaped, 7 ; died, 2 ; total, 100. Remaining in in
stitution, Nov. 1, 1867, 255. Of those admitted, there were born in— Ohio, 74; in other states,
31 ; in foreign countries, 7 ; total, 112. Parentage— American, 36 ; foreign, 76. Age— 12 and un
der, 35 ; 13 years, 12 ; 14 years, 23 ; 15 years, 29 ; 16 to 18, 12 ; total, 112. Cause of commitment
—larceny, 56; incorrigible, 44 ; burglary, 5; assault and battery, 2 ; vagrancy, 2; miscellaneous,
3 ; total, 112.
432 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [I860.
Ohio Penitentiary, Columbus. CHARLES C. WALCUTT, Warden. Number of convicts in
prison, Oct. 31, 1806,860. Received during the year, 431. Total number in prison, 1,291. Num
ber discharged— by expiration of sentence, 193 ; pardoned, 60 ; by military authority, 7 ; order
of Supreme Court, 1 ; taken out for new trial, 5 ; transferred to reform farm, 2 ; died, 18 ; es
caped, 4; total, 290. Remaining, Oct. 31, 1867— males, 976; females, 25; total, 1,001. Cause of
commitment— burglary, 69 ; burglary and larceny, 42; grand larceny, 130; horse stealing, 30;
forgery, 14 ; passing counterfeit money, 15 ; larceny, 11 ; manslaughter, 12 ; murder in 2d degree,
7; assaults, 16; robbery, 11; rape, 6; stealing, 18; miscellaneous 50: total, 431. There were
in prison, Oct. 31, 1867, 64 convicts under sentence for life.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of the state in 1867 was estimated at 3,000,000. The fol
lowing table gives the population by each census since 1800 :
Inc. p«r cent. Inc. per cent.
1800 45,365 1840 1,519,467 62.01
1810 230,760 408.67 1850 1,980,329 30.33
1820 581,295 151.96 1860 2,339,511 18.14
1830 937,903 61.31
Ohio was settled chiefly by emigrants from New England, and the increase
in population was more rapid in its early history than for the last thirty
years. It has sent a large number of emigrants to the states west of it dur
ing this latter period.
Nearly all the land in the state may be described as of good quality, yet
the valleys of the rivers, and particularly of the two Miamis, the Scioto, the
Maumee, and their tributaries, contain the most valuable and fertile lands.
About 14,000,000 acres are improved, either as pasture, grass, cultivated in
grain, or planted in orchards, gardens, or lawns, leaving eleven and one-
half million acres unimproved, either in the condition of forests or com
mons. In 1865, Ohio stood third among the states of the Union in the
production of wheat and corn, and fourth in the yield of oats, and surpassed
all other states in the number and value of horses, sheep, and the amount
of the wool crop.
The banks of the Ohio above and below Cincinnati are covered with ex
tensive vineyards, from which large quantities of wine are annually manu
factured.
Though not possessing a great variety of mineral products, the state has
inexhaustible supplies of coal and iron. The coal fields in the eastern and
south-eastern portions cover an area of 12,000 square miles, extending through
20 counties, and embrace nearly one-third of the area of the whole state.
Iron ore of very superior quality for the finer castings is found in several
counties.
Abundance of limestone, sandstone, freestone, and other varieties of build
ing stone are found in the state. Large quantities of salt are manufactured
for market.
No state in the Union has a more extensive system of railroads, according
to the area covered and the amount of population. Two canals connect the
Ohio river with Lake Erie, a third connects Cincinnati with Cambridge City
in Indiana. It has great facilities for commerce, having a shore line on Lake
1869.] OREGON. 433
Erie, with harbors capable of accommodating the heaviest and most exten
sive shipping, and, by way of the lakes and the St. Lawrence, direct com
munication with the ocean.
Products for 1866. Corn, 99,766,822 bushels ; value, $53,874,084; wheat, 10,208,854 bush
els ; value, $25,726,312; rye, 591,121 bushels ; value, $644,322 ; oats, 22,187,420 bushels ; value,
$8,874,968; barley, 1,294,139 bushels; value, $1,475,318; buckwheat, 1,705,785 bushels; value,
$1,876,363; potatoes, 4,516,640 bushels; value, $3,477,813; tobacco, 25,593,815 pounds; value,
$1,714,785; hay, 1,963,799 tons; value, $21,601,789.
Banks. Number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868 — organized, 137 ; closed or closing, 4 ; in
operation, 133; capital paid in, $22,404,700.
Railroads. In 1841, Ohio had 36 miles of railroad ; in 1864, 3,311 miles, being the property
of 30 companies, and constructed at a cost of $117,583,000.
28. OREGON.
Capital, Salem. Area, 95,274 Square miles. Population, (I860,) 52,465.
Oregon was first visited by Europeans about 1775. Capt. Robert Gray
took possession of it in 1792, naming its principal river after his vessel, the
Columbia, of Boston. It was soon after visited by traders from the Ameri
can Fur Company, and from the British Hudson's Bay Company.
The northern boundary line remained unsettled until the treaty with Great
Britain in 1846, when the 49th parallel was adopted.
It was organized as a territory, August 4, 1848, was divided March 2, 1852,
the northern portion being called Washington, and the southern Oregon. A
State constitution was adopted, Nov. 9, 1857, and it was admitted into the
Union, February 14, 1859.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor GEORGE L. WOODS.. Salem $1,500
Secretary of State SAMUEL E. MAY
State Treasurer EDWIN N. COOKE
Adjutant General CYRUS A. REED
Auditor SAMUEL E. MAY, ex-officio. . .
Superintendent of Public Instruction. GEORGE L. WOOD
.1,500
. 800
. 800
The Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and State Printer are elected
by the people for four years. The general election for State and County offi
cers is held 011 the first Monday in June, biennially. The Legislative Assem
bly is composed of a Senate and House of Representatives, and convenes
biennially at Salem on the second Monday in September. The Senate is
composed of 16 members, elected for four years. The House of Representa
tives is composed of 34 members, elected for two years. The compensation
of the members of the Legislative Assembly is $3 per day for the first forty
days of a regular session, or the first twenty days of an extra session, and mile
age at the rate of $3 for every twenty miles of travel to and from the capital.
Every white male citizen of full age, six months a resident in the State,
and every white male alien of full age, resident in the United States one year,
who has declared his intention, may vote. Sailors, soldiers, idiots, insane,
Chinamen, and negroes, are excluded.
28
434 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18f9.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the State is vested in a Supreme Court, and five
Circuit Courts. The Supreme Court consists of five justices, (chosen in dis
tricts by the electors thereof,) who are also judges of the Circuit Courts in
their respective districts. Their term of office is six years. The Supreme
Court holds one term annually at the seat of government, (Salem,) on the
first Monday in September.
There is one prosecuting attorney in each judicial district, elected by the
people for two years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Stephen J. Field. District Judge, Matthew P. Deady. District Attorney, John
C. Cartwright. Marshal, Albert Zeiber.
SUPREME COURT.
Justices, P. P. Prim, Jacksonville ; John Kelsey, Corvallis ; R. P. Boise, Salem ; W. W.
Upton, Portland ; Jos. G. Wilson, Dalles. Salaries, $2,000 each.
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury September 5, 1866, ----- $43,811.36
Receipts during the fiscal years 1867 and 1868, - - 353,689.09
Total, - $397,500.45
Disbursements during the fiscal years 1867 and 1868, - 357,116.59
Balance in Treasury Sept. 5, 1868, - $40,383.86
The receipts were from the following sources :
Counties for taxes $307,537.55 University Fund $3,394.61
Clerk of the Supreme Court 375.00 Escheats 1,059.15
School Land Commissioners 32,638.07 Penitentiary. 8,684.71
The Disbursements for the two years ending September 5, 1868, were from
the following funds :
General Fund $24,500.26 Convict $9,000.00
Penitentiary Fund 40,000.07 Common School, (coin) 2,810.22
Penitentiary Building Fund 7,136.19 " " (currency) 26,363.45
Executive 10,609.16 University, (coin) 1,385.00
Judicial 25,040.86 " (currency) 1,600.00
Insane and Idiotic 86,000.00 Soldiers1 Bounty 60,769.20
Legislative 16,030.07 Soldiers' Relief 23,070.99
Printing 10,000.00 Other Funds 12,801.12
The estimated expenses for the fiscal years commencing Sept. 1, 1868, and ending Aug. 31,
1870, exclusive of Extraordinary Appropriations for Special Purposes, and including outstand
ing warrants awaiting appropriation, are $221,586.82.
STATE DEBT.
The funded debt outstanding Sept. 5, 1868, consisted of
Bounty Bonds, $94,015.00
Relief Bonds, 82,141.50
Total, - $176,156.50
Each class of Bonds bears interest at the rate of seven per cent, per annum,
the first payable in 1884, the second in 1874, and there was in the Treasury,
Sept. 5, 1868, to be applied to the interest and redemption of the foregoing,
$18,300.11.
1869.] OREGON. 435
EDUCATION.
The principal collegiate institution is the Willamette University at Salem.
It is under the charge of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was founded
in 1853. It has an endowment of $30,000, and 600 volumes in its library.
There are several other colleges and academies.
The system of common schools differs but little from that in the Eastern
States, but owing to the sparseness of the population, its advantages are
mainly prospective. There is a Superintendent of Public Instruction, who
has the general supervision of the schools of the State. County school
superintendents exercise supervision over the schools in the several counties,
and report their condition to the State Superintendent. The Governor,
Secretary of State, and Treasurer, are a Board of Commissioners for the sale
of school lands.
Congress by various acts has donated to the State public lands for educa
tional and other purposes, as follows :
1. School lands proper— i. <?., the 16th and 36th sections or their equivalent where portions of
such sections were held by donation claimants prior to the public surveys, and known in the
General Land Office as "indemnity selections.1'
2. University lands, consisting of seventy-two sections, for the use and support of a State
University.
3. Five hundred thousand acres of land granted under the provisions of act of Congress of
Sept. 4, 1841, for purposes of internal improvement ; and which, for convenience, and to avoid
confusion, have been designated by the Board as " State lands."
4. Ninety thousand acres of land granted for the support of an Agricultural College.
In addition to the above, grants have been made to the State of all " swamp
and overflowed lands," reported as such by the Commissioner of the General
Land Office ; ten sections for public buildings, and seventy-two sections of
saline lands.
The University lands have been selected, and a portion of them sold. If
the State school lands are all sold, and the fund carefully managed, in a few
years the School Fund will fully support a free school system. The interest
on hand, September, 1868, amounted to more than $24,000 per annum — or
two thousand dollars per month.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
On the first of October, 1864, the Legislature authorized and directed the
Governor to contract with private parties for the keeping, care and medical
treatment of insane and idiotic persons. That contract expired on the first
of December, 1868.
The constitution requires that among other public buildings, an asylum
for the insane shall be erected at the capital. A site has been purchased for
that purpose, and as soon as the financial strength of the State will permit,
suitable buildings will be erected, and the management thereof be left to the
exclusive control of the Legislative Assembly, as contemplated by the con
stitution.
The Penitentiary has been managed in such a manner as to give general
satisfaction to the people. A suitable temporary building has been erected,
436 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1S09.
the best of police regulations have been established, insuring the safe-keep
ing of convicts ; and labor has been so directed, aside from extensive perma
nent improvements made for the State, as to pay fifty per cent, of the entire
expenditures of the penitentiary. During the last two years the convicts
have been successfully employed in the erection of public buildings.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of Oregon in 1860 was 52,465. In 1868, it was estimated
at over 100,000, and was steadily increasing. The State contains 60,975,860
acres, of which 52,700,000 were public lands undisposed of in 1868.
In reference to climate and agricultural capacities, Oregon may be divided
into two distinct parts, the eastern and western, lying respectively on the
east and west sides of the Cascade Mountains. Western Oregon, the portion
first settled, containing the great preponderance of its present population, is
275 miles in length, with an average width of 110 miles, being nearly one-
third of the entire State, nearly all of which is valuable for agriculture, graz
ing, or for timber growing, excepting the crests of some of the highest
mountains. The valleys of the Willamette, the Umpqua, and Rogue rivers
are embraced in this section. The soil of these valleys is rich and deep, rest
ing .upon a foundation of clay retentive of the elements of fertility. Larger
portions of the valleys are open prairie, just rolling enough for the purposes
of agriculture.
Eastern Oregon, extending from the Cascade Mountains to Snake River, is
an elevated, rough, broken country of hills and mountains, table-lands, deep
gorges, and almost impenetrable canons, with numerous fertile and arable
valleys. The greater portion is incapable of tillage, but furnishes an exten
sive scope for grazing.
The forests of Oregon, like those of California, contain many of the most
valuable timber trees in the world. The Cascade and Coast ranges, are
covered with immense quantities of the sugar pine, the white and yellow
pinCjthe nut pine, the red fir or Douglass spruce, the black fir, yellow fir,
western balsam fir, the noble fir, the Oregon cedar, and the fragrant white
cedar.
The salmon fisheries form an importent item. Vast quantities of fish are
annually caught, and the business of putting them up for commerce is prose
cuted with great success.
The Columbia is the chief river of Oregon, and the largest on the Pacific
coast. For thirty or forty miles from its mouth it expands into a bay from
three to seven miles wide. It is navigable to the Cascade mountains, one
hundred and forty miles from its mouth, and on the east side of the Cascades,
it is again navigable for forty-five miles to the Dalles. Eighteen or twenty
first class steamboats run on the river, and there are warehouses at all the
principal towrns.
PENNSYLVANIA. 437
29. PENNSYLVANIA.
Capital, Harrisburg. Area, 46,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 2,906,115.
The territory embraced within the present limits of Pennsylvania was
granted to William Penn in payment of a debt due his father, Admiral Penn,
by the government of Great Britain. In addition to this grant from Charles
II., Penn became, by purchase and grant from the Duke of York, the propri
etor of the territory now constituting the state of Delaware, and for many
years all was united under one government.
This state was settled at Philadelphia in 1681, by English Quakers under
William Penn. It adopted a state constitution, September 28, 1776, and
ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 12, 1787.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor JOHN W. GEARY Harrisburg $5,000
Private Secretary to the Gov JOHN H. GIHON Harrisburg 2,000
Secretary of State FRANCIS JORDAN Harrisburg 3,500
Deputy Secretary of State ISAAC B. GARD — Erie City 2,250
Auditor General JOHN F. HARTRANFT Norristown 2,500
Surveyor General JACOB M. CAMPBELL Johnstown 2,000
Treasurer WILLIAM W. IRWIN* Beaver 1,700
Attorney General BENJAMIN H. BREWSTER Philadelphia 3,500
Supt, of Public Instruction J. P. WICKERSHAM Harrisburg 2,500
Dept. Supt.of do , C. R. COBURN Harrisburg .1,600
Adjutant General D. B. MCCRKARY Erie City '. . .3,000
State Librarian WIEN FORNEY Dauphin County 1,000
Supt. Soldiers' Orphan^ Schods.G. F. MCFARLAND Juniata County 1,800
State Historian SAMUEL P. BATES Crawford County 2,000
The Governor, Auditor General, and Surveyor General are chosen by the
people for a term of three years each. The general election is held annually
on the second Tuesday of October. The Secretary of State, Attorney Gen
eral, Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Superintendent of Common
Schools, and State Librarian, are appointed by the Governor^ The State
Treasurer is elected annually by the Legislature.
There are 33 Senators elected for three years, one-third retiring each year.
The Representatives, 100 in number, are elected annually. The members of
either house are paid $700 each per annum, with an allowance of 15 cents
per mile for necessary travel to and from the capital to attend the meeting
of the Legislature. The Legislature meets annually on the first Tuesday of
January.
Every white male freeman of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the
State one year and in his election district ten days prior to the election, and
who has within two years paid a state or county tax, is entitled to the rights
of an elector. White freemen, citizene of the United States between 21 and
22 years of age, are not obliged to pay taxes before voting.
JUDICIARY.
The Courts of this state are the Supreme Court, the District Courts, and
the Courts of Common Pleas. The Supreme Court is the High Court of
* R. W. Mackey has been appointed and succeeds to the office 1st Monday in May, 1869.
438 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Errors and Appeals. There are two District Courts, one for the city and
county of Philadelphia, and one for the county of Allegheny. They have
jurisdiction of all civil suits where the amount claimed exceeds $100,
, and for certain purposes prescribed by law, have the powers of Courts
of Equity ; they are the principal Commercial Courts for the cities where
they are held.
There is also a District Court in Lancaster, which has concurrent jurisdic
tion with the Court of Common Pleas in civil cases over $100.
Courts of Common Pleas are the principal Equity Courts, and have juris
diction where the demand exceeds $100. They also have charge of road
cases, estates of minors, and one branch is the Criminal Court. The Quarter
Sessions Courts have the criminal and road jurisdiction; and the Orphan's
Court, estates of decedents and minors ; but the Common Pleas Judges sit
in all the courts, except in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Lancaster, where
there are District Courts.
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is composed of a Chief Justice and
four Associate Justices, elected by the people to serve for a term of fifteen
years. The justice having the shortest term to serve is Chief Justice.
The President Judges of the several Courts of Common Pleas and other
courts of record, and all other Judges required to be learned in the law, are
chosen by the electors of the district over which they are to preside, for a
term of ten years.
Salaries of Judges of Supreme Court, $6,000 ; of Judges of District Courts, $5,000 ; of Judges
of Courts of Common Pleas— in 1st and 5th Districts, $5,000 ; in 12th District, $3,800 ; in all
others, $3,500 each.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Robert Grier. District Judge— Eastern District, John Cadwalader. Western
District, Wilson McCaudless. District Attorney— Eastern District, Charles Gilpin. Western.
District, Robert B. Carnahan. Marshal— Eastern District, P. C. Ellmaker. Western District,
Thomas A. Rowley. Clerk of Circuit Court— Eastern District, Benjamin Patton. Western
District, H. Sprowl. Clerk of District Court— Eastern District, G. R. Fox. Western District,
S. C. McCandless,
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, James Thompson, Philadelphia. Associate Justices, John M. Read, Philadel
phia ; Daniel Agnew, Beaver County ; George Sharswood, Philadelphia ; Henry W. Williams,
Pittsburgh.
DISTRICT COURTS.
Philadelphia County— President Judge, J. J. Clarke Hare. Associates, George M. Stroud,
M. Russell Thayer. Allegheny County— President Judge, Moses Hampton. Associate, H. W.
Williams.
TERMS OF SUPREME AND DISTRICT COURTS.
Five terms of the Supreme Court are held annually, as follows : Eastern District — at Phila
delphia M Monday in March and December. Middle District — at Harrisburg 2d Monday in May.
Northern District — at Sunbury 2d Monday in July. Western District — at Pittsburgh 1st Monday
in September.
The District Court for the city and county of Philadelphia has four terms, commencing on the
1st Monday of March, June, September, and December of each year. The months of January,
February, April, May, October, and November are devoted to jury trials.
The District Court for the county of Allegheny has four regular terms in the year, commenc
ing on the 4th Monday in January, April, July, and November.
1869.] PENNSYLVANIA. 439
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury, Nov. 30, 1867, $4,661,836.46
Ordinary receipts, for year ending Nov. 30, 1868, - - - 5,216,049.55
Depreciated funds (unavailable), - 41,032.00
Total, $9,918,918.01
Ordinary expenses for the year, - $2,454,506.09
Loans redeemed, 4,417,463.64
Interest on loans, 1,979,690.91
Other payments, - 12,800.00
Depreciated funds (unavailable), - - - 41,032.00
8,905,492.64
Balance in Treasury, Dec. 1, 1868, $1,013,415.37
STATE DEBT.
The amount of State debt, November 30, 1867, was - - $37,704,409.76
There was paid during the year, 4,417,463.63
Leaving the debt, November 30, 1868, - - $33,286,946.13
The funded debt consisted of— 6 per cent, loans $25,311,180.00
5 " " 7,749,771.56
4i " " 112,000.00
— 33,172,951.56
The unfunded debt consisted of— Relief notes 96,415.00
Interest certificates, outstanding. 13,086.52
unclaimed.. 4,448.38
Domestic creditors' orders 44.67
113,994.57
$33,286,946.13
EDUCATION.
Collegiate or university privileges have been granted to thirty-seven dif
ferent institutions in this state, of which fourteen, including about all the
living institutions, reported their condition to the State Department last
year. The Agricultural College has been much improved. Three experi
mental farms were purchased for it in 1868, at a cost of $43,889.
The frame work of government written in England in 1682, and introduced
by Wm. Penn, provided that the Governor and Provincial Council should
erect and order all public schools. In 1752, certain officers were appointed
trustees and managers of such schools. The provisional constitution, framed
in 1776, provided for the establishment of a school in each county, and, in
1786, the proceeds of sixty thousand acres of public lands were appropriated
in aid of public schools. In 1836, the common school fund was authorized
and provision made for the distribution of its income. The school law of
1834, which is the foundation of the present school system, provides for free
education for all between six and twenty-one years of age. The office of
county superintendent was created in 1854, and that of state superintendent
in 1856.
The sixty-six counties of the state are sub-divided, for school purposes, in
to 1,889 school districts, each township, borough or city usually constituting
440 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
a school district. Each district has six school directors, two of which are
elected annually, holding office three years. The directors are required to
procure school buildings and grounds, establish schools, appoint teachers,
visit every school in the district by one, at least, of their number once a
month, direct what branches shall be taught and what books used, and re
port annually to the county superintendent. This officer, who must be an
experienced teacher, is elected for three years by the school directors of the
county ; he is to visit all the public schools of the county, examine teachers,
and report annually to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, who
is at the head of the department, and is appointed by the Governor by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate for the term of three years.
The first Normal School in the state, with the exception of the City Nor
mal School in Philadelphia, was opened in Lancaster County, at Millersville,
in 1855. It was continued in private hands under the name of the Lancas
ter County Normal School until 1859, when it became a State Institution.
The Normal School law, passed in 1857, divides the state into twelve dis
tricts, in each of which a State Normal School may be established whenever
private contributions make it practicable. Each school must have suitable
buildings and at least ten acres of land connected with it. The buildings
of each must contain a hall of sufficient size to comfortably seat 1,000 adults,
with class rooms, lodging rooms and refectories for at least 300 students.
Each school must have a library, cabinet and apparatus, at least six pro
fessors, and one or more model and practice schools attached to it, with not
less than 100 pupils, so arranged that the Normal pupils may therein acquire
a practical knowledge of the art of teaching.
Public School Statistics. With the exception of the city of Philadelphia, the whole
number of schools in 18G7 was 13,061, an increase of 288 from 1866 ; whole number of pupils in
attendance, 660,163, an increase of 10,644 ; average attendance, 414,537, or 62 per cent. ; average
length of school term, 5 months 16f days ; average cost of tuition — for each pupil, per month,
85 cents ; whole number of male teachers, 6,619, an increase of 485 from I860; whole number of
female teachers, 8,590, a decrease of 117; average salaries of male teachers, per month, $35.87 ;
average salaries of female teachers, per month, $27.51 ; total cost of tuition, $2,482,512.93, an in
crease, from 1866, of $270,991.23; total cost of fuel and contingencies, $601,087.21, an increase
of $42,769.60 ; total cost of purchasing, building, renting, and repairing school houses, $985,-
152.55, an increase of $389,482.86; total expenditures of the system for tuition, building pur
poses and contingencies, $4,068,752.69, an increase, from 1866, of $802,243.69 ; total state appro
priation, $355,000.00 ; total amount paid for salaries of county superintendents, $56,221.23; aver
age number of mills on dollar school tax, 7.25 ; average number of mills on dollar building tax,
5.04; whole amount of tax levied and state appropriation, $3,971,285.23, an increase of $602,897,-
90 ; amount of tax levied, $3,616,285.23, an increase, from the previous year, of $602,327.90.
Including the city of Philadelphia, which has a separate system, the whole number of schools
in the state was 13,435; teachers. 16,523; whole number of pupils, 789,389; average attendance,
480,870; total of expenditures for all school purposes, $5,160,750.17.
School Statistics of Philadelphia for 1867. Whole number of schools, 374; High
schools, 2; Grammar, 60; Secondary, 69; Primary, 187; Unclassified, 56; male teachers, 79; fe
male teachers, 1,235 ; whole number of pupils registered, 129,226 ; average attendance, 66,333;
percentage of attendance, 51 ; percentage of attendance upon number belonging to the schools
at the end of the year, 86.
Normal School, 2d District, Millersville. EDWARD BROOKS, Principal. Recognized as a
State Normal School in 1859 ; buildings and other property valued at $106,000. Teachers— male,
10; female, 7; whole number of students since recognition, 3,754 ; of graduates, 96; number
of students in 1867, in Normal School— males, 428 ; females, 224; total, 652; graduates, 20 ; in
Model School— males, 106; females, 54; total, 160; volumes in library, 3,900.
1869.] PENNSYLVANIA. 441
Normal School, 12th District, Edinboro. JOSEPH A. COOPER, Principal. Chartered as an
academy in 1856, recognized as a state institution in 1861 ; buildings and other property valued
at |86,750. Teachers— male, 5 ; female, 7. Whole number of students since recognition, 1,444;
of graduates, 30 ; number of students in 1867, in Normal School— males, 211 : females, 214 ; total,
425; graduates, 5 ; in Model School— males, 75 ; females, 63; total, 138; volumes in library, 1,456.
Normal School, 5th District, Mansfield, Tioga Co. F. A. ALLEN, Principal. First organ
ized in 1854 as a classical academy, recognized as a Normal School in December, 1862. Build
ings and other property valued at $49,000. Teachers — males, 4 ; females. 5. Whole number of
students since recognition, 1,290; graduates, 37 ; number of students in 1867 — in Normal School,
males, 130; females, 152; total, 282; graduates, 21 ; in Model School— males, 60 ; females, 63;
total, 123 ; volumes in library, 630.
Keystone Normal School, 3d District, Kutztown. J. S. ERMENTRATJT, Princiital. Re
cognized as a state institution in 1866. Buildings and other property are valued at $55,000.
Te'achers — males, 11 ; females, 2. Whole number of students in 1867, in Normal School — males,
266 ; females, 77 ; total, 343 ; in Model School— males, 35 ; females, 25 ; total, 60 ; volumes in
library, 1,000.
Colleges. Fourteen colleges reported in 1867 — 112 professors and tutors ; 2,120 students, of
whom 910 were in preparatory departments, 106 in partial courses, and 136 preparing to teach.
The whole number of graduates was 6,262, of whom 214 graduated last year. There were 94,236
volumes in the college libraries, and they had apparatus valued at $61,700. The income was
$39,195 from tuition, and $86,201 from invested funds ; the endowment funds and other property
were increased $262,422.
Academies and Seminaries. Thirty-two reported— 190 instructors ; 4,444 students ; 2,-
242 males and 2,202 females ; of whom 2,287 were day scholars, and 1,694 boarders, 463 not being
specified. These institutions had 21,959 volumes in their libraries, and apparatus to the amount
of $5,470. The value of their property was $522,342; income, $147,931, and expenditures,
$131,973.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The Charitable institutions of this state are on a plan commensurate with
its wealth and extent, and are liberally provided for by the government.
There are six incorporated asylums for the Insane, besides several private
institutions for the same class. The Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane,
founded more than one hundred years ago, has been modified and improved,
and is now furnished with all the appliances necessary for the comfort of its
inmates. The State Lunatic Hospital at Harrisburg, and the Western Penn
sylvania Hospital near Pittsburg, have been crowded with patients. New
buildings have been erected for the latter institution.
The Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, established in 1820,
and the Institution for the Blind, founded in 1833, receive state pupils from
Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. Pay pupils are also admitted.
Both have ample provision for giving intellectual and moral instruction, and
the pupils are successfully employed a part of the time in the workshops.
The Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-minded Children, at Media,
was first established in 1852, as a private institution, at Germantown, but
was removed to Media in 1859, where a farm of 60 acres and a convenient
building were provided for it, the state paying a part of the expenses.
The Philadelphia House of Refuge, founded in 1828, has two distinct de
partments, one for white and one for colored children, with grounds and
buildings for each.
The House of Refuge for Western Pennsylvania, chartered in 1850, and
opened in 1854, is for children of both sexes, though more than two-thirds
of the inmates are boys. The schools are thoroughly classified, and during
442 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
the hours for work, both boys and girls, are systematically employed in the
shops or the necessary work of the institution.
There are 39 schools and homes supported by the state for the care and
instruction of soldiers' orphans. During the year ending Nov. 30, 1867,
these institutions had under their charge 2,931 pupils, maintained at an
average cost of $148.43 per year for each pupil. The number of pupils May,
1868, was 2,431. There are several other city and private humane institu
tions.
Pennsylvania Hospital for Insane, Philadelphia. THOMAS S. KIRKBRIDGE, M. D.,
Superintendent. Number of patients in hospital, Jan. 1, 1867, 296. Admitted during the year,
280. Discharged — recovered, 127 ; improved, 43 ; unimproved, 45 ; died, 25 ; total, 240. Re
maining, Jan. 1, 1868, 344. Whole number admitted since opening of hospital— males, 2,960;
females, 2,374 : total, 5,064. Discharged— males, 2,518 ; females, 2,202 ; total, 4,720. Age of pa
tients at time of admission— under 10 years, 5; between 10 and 20, 317; 20 and 30, 1,526; 30 and
40, 1,309 ; 40 and 50, 994 ; 50 and 60, 535 ; 60 and 70, 270 ; 70 and 80, 100 ; 80 and 95, 8 ; total, 5,064.
Occupation— farmers, 353 ; merchants, 262 ; clerks, 215 ; laborers, 199 ; physicians, 52 ; lawyers,
54; clergymen, 29; seamstresses, 232; domestics, 247 ; teachers, 96; miscellaneous, 1,194 ; no oc
cupation, 2,131 ; total, 5,064. Civil condition— single, 2,353; married, 2,284 ; widowed, 427 ; to
tal, 5,064. Supposed causes of insanity— ill health, 883 ; intemperance, 369; loss of property,
167; disappointed affections, 71 ; intense study, 45; domestic difficulties, 102; grief, 258; relig
ious excitement, 159 ; puerperal, 189 ; mental anxiety, 318 ; masturbation, 70 ; injuries to the
head, 67 ; miscellaneous and unascertained, 2,366 ; total, 5,064.
State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg. JOHN CURWEN, M. D., Superintendent. Number
of patients under treatment during the year ending Dec. 31, 1867, was 497. Number admitted
during the year— males, 99; females, 71; total, 170. Discharged— recovered, 51 ; improved, 39 ;
unimproved, 33 ; died, 34 ; total, 157. Remaining, Dec. 31, 1867— males, 185 ; females, 155 ; total,
340. Whole number admitted since opening of institution, 2,358. Discharged— recovered, 490 ;
improved, 545 ; unimproved, 610 ; died, 364 ; total, 2,018. Supposed cause of insanity— ill health,
278 ; domestic trouble, 217 ; over-exertion, 32 ; epilepsy, 84 ; fright, 19 ; intemperance, 68 ; puer
peral, 66; trouble, 254; disordered menstruation, 48; injury to the head, 17; masturbation, 58;
excesses, 23 ; public excitement, 29 ; disease of the brain, 10 ; opium eating, 8 ; religious ex
citement, 8; miscellaneous and unassigned, 1,139; total, 2,358. Social condition— single, 1,097;
married, 1,079 ; widowed, 182; total, 2,358. Occupation— farmers, 436; laborers, 376 ; house
wives. 491 ; daughters of farmers, 48 ; domestics, 82 ; blacksmiths, 23 ; carpenters, 32 ; clerks,
42 ; miners, 27 ; merchants, 42 ; shoemakers, 29 ; tailors, 20 ; teachers, 34 ; millers, 10 ; students,
11; seamstresses, 14 ; physicians, 14 ; lawyers, 14; no occupation, 434; miscellaneous, 179 ; to
tal, 2,358.
Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Philadelphia. A. B. BUTTON,
A. M., Principal. Number of pupils, Jan. 1, 1867— males, 99; females, 89; total, 188. Received
during the year— males, 15 ; females, 13 ; total, 28. Left— males, 13 ; females, 12 ; total, 25. Re
maining, Jan. 1, 1868— males, 101; females, 90; total, 191. These are supported— by Pennsyl
vania, 152 ; New Jersey, 11 ; Delaware, 5 ; scholarships, 3 ; institution or friends, 20. Of tho.se
admitted in 1867— born deaf, 11 ; lost hearing by typhoid fever, 1 ; scarlet fever, 5; convulsions,
1 ; brain fever, 3 ; otorrhcea, 1 ; measles, 2 ; sickness, 2 ; a burn and fever, 1 ; spasms, 1.
Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, Philadelphia. WIM.
CHAPIN, A. M., Principal. Number of persons in the institution, Dec. 1, 1866, 181. Received
during the year, 32. Discharged or left during the year, 27. Died, 3. Remaining, Dec. 1, 1867,
183. Of this number there are— from Pennsylvania, 157 ; New Jersey, 21 ; Delaware, 2 ; other
places, 3; total, 183.
Pennsylvania Training1 School for Feeble-Minded Children, Media. ISAAC N.
KERLEN, M. D., Superintendent. The number of inmates, Dec. 31, 1867, was 165, classified as fol
lows — in school. 84; in training classes, 21 ; at farm and out door labor, 13; at housework, 10 ; in
asylum. 37. Those capable of labor are engaged in the following occupations — house work, 41 ;
sewing, 21 ; knitting, 11 ; farm and garden, 8 ; grading, etc., 8 to 19 ; stone picking, etc., 8 to 19 ;
shoe and mattress shop, 4.
House of Refuge for Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh. Rev. R. N. AVERT, Su
perintendent. Number of inmates, September, 1868— males, 155 ; females, 45 ; total, 200.
Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. Number of patients in hospital, April 27, 1867,
171. Admitted during the year, 1,787. Discharged, 1,802. Remaining, April 25, 1868, 156.
1869.] PENNSYLVANIA. 443
Average number of patients maintained, 168. Average time each patient remained in the
House, 31,229 days. Of those admitted during the year, there were— pay patients, 421 ; free, 1,-
3ft(j ; total, 1,737 ; males, 1,351 ; females, 436 ; total, 1,787. There were under 18 years of age,
219; single, 833; married, 517; widowed, 218; total, 1,787. Nativity — American, 740; Irish,
720; other foreigners, 327; total, 1,787. Since the establishment of the Hospital, in 1752, there
have been admitted into it 80,968 patients, of whom 50.698 have been poor persons, supported at
the expense of the institution. There have been cured, 52,454; relieved, 10,243 ; discharged
without material improvement, 6,107; discharged for misconduct and eloped, 1,712 ; pregnant
women safely delivered, 1,334; infants born in hospital, 1,254; died, 7,708.
Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh. Number of patients in hospital, Jan.
1, 186(5, 34. Admitted during the year, 203. Discharged, 169. Died, 19. Remaining, Jan. 1,
1S67, 49. Of the discharged there were— cured, 137 ; relieved, 26 ; unrelieved, 6 ; total, 169. Na
tivity of those admitted— United States, 98 ; Ireland, 47 ; Germany, 29 ; England, 11 ; other for
eign countries.18.
Western Pennsylvania Hospital— Insane Department, Dixmont. JOSEPH A.
HEED, M. D., Superintendent. Number in hospital, Jan. 1, 1866, 204. Received during the year,
135. Discharged, 133. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1867, 206. Of the discharged, there were— males,
69; female?, 64; recovered, 50 ; improved, 26 ; unimproved, 18 ; died, 39. Total number of insane
patients under treatment from 1856, 1,005.
PENITENTIARIES.
There are two Penitentiaries, the Eastern at Philadelphia, and the Western
at Allegheny City. The separate or individual system of discipline is adopt
ed in both, and its success has been satisfactory to the inspectors.
Improvements which have been introduced within the past fifteen years,
have been productive of very beneficial results. The number of prisoners
has been largely increased since 1864, and in the Western Penitentiary has
more than doubled.
The reports of these institutions are replete with important facts, not only
in relation to crimes and criminals, but as indicating in some degree the
crime-cause, characteristics of offenders, and the influence of social relations.
In the Eastern, Penitentiary, about five-eighths of the whole number (626),
had attended public schools, a little over two-eighths private schools, and
nearly one-eighth never went to school. Of the whole number of commit
ments to this prison (5,975), 2,069, or 34.63 per cent, had no parents living ;
1,571, or 26.30 per cent, had a mother living; 688, or 11.51 per cent, a father
living ; and only 1,647, or 27.56 per cent, had both parents living. More
than one-half of those convicted of crimes against property, and about two-
thirds of those convicted of crimes against persons, were whole orphans or
had only a mother living.
State Penitentiary for Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. JOHN S.
HALLOWAY, Warden. Number of convicts, Dec. 31, 1866, 569. Admitted during the year-
males, 287; females, 4; total, 291. Discharged— by expiration of sentence, 199; pardoned, 19;
change of sentence, 1 ; by order of Court, 1 ; escaped, 1 ; died, 13 ; total, 234. Age of those ad
mitted—under 18, 7 ; 18 to 25, 145 ; 25 to 30, 58 ; 30 to 40, 58 ; 40 to 50, 11 ; 50 to 70, 12. Habits-
abstainers, 52; moderate drinkers, 137; sometimes intoxicated, 81 ; often intoxicated, 21 ; total,
291. There were from— Pennsylvania, 149 ; other states, 82; foreign countries, 60; total, 291.
Term of sentence— for 1 year or less, 46 ; from 1 to 2 year?, 104 ; 2 to 3 years, 63 ; 3 to 4 years,
30; 4 to 5 years, 24: 5 to 7 years, 14; 7 to 15 years, 10: total, 291. Average sentence, 2 years, 8
months and 16£ days. Total number of prisoners received since 1829, 5,975. Committed for
crimes against property, 5,009; against persons, 966.
Western Penitentiary of Pennsylvania, Allegheny. G. A. SHALLENBERGEB, Warden.
In confinement, Jan. 1, 1867, 418. Received during the year, 222. Discharged— by expiration
of sentence, 113; pardon, 34; escape, 5; death, 2; total, 154. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1868, 486.
Term of sentence— from 1 to 2 years, 108 ; 2 to 3 years, 114 ; 3 to 4 years, 74 ; 4 to 5 years, 47 ; 5
444 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
to 6 years, 54 ; 6 to 10 years, 56 ; 10 to 16 years, 28 ; 17 to 30 years, 5 ; total, 486. Cause of com
mitment — larceny, 215 ; burglary, 28 ; horse stealing, 28 ; murder, 23 ; passing counterfeit money,
24; rape, 17; arson, 10; assault, with various intents, 36; forgery, 7; felonious assault and bat
tery, 9; highway robbery, 8 ; robbery, 7; miscellaneous, 74 ; total, 486. Nativity — Pennsylvania,
215; other states, 127; foreign countries, 144 ; total, 486. Former habits of life— temperate,
225 ; moderate, 82 ; intemperate, 179 ; total, 486. Age— from 10 to 20, 64 ; 20 to 30, 257 ; 30 to 40,
79 ; 40 to 50, 56 ; 50 to 60, 18 ; 60 to 70, 12 ; total, 486. Whole number received since 1826— males,
3,322; females, 131; total, 3,453. Discharged— by expiration of sentence, 2,236; pardon, 5GO:
death, 136 ; suicide, 2 ; escape, 22 ; writ of error, 3 ; habeas corpus, 3 ; removal, 5 ; total, 2,967.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
No state census is authorized in Pennsylvania ; the population, as returned
by the national census, was as follows :
Inc. per cent. Inc. per cent.
1790 434,373 1830 1,348,233 28.47
1800 602,301 38.07 1S40 1,724,033 27.87
1810 810,091 31.49 1850 2,311,786 34.09
1820 1,047,507 29.55 1S(>0 2,906,115 25.71
Of the population in 1860, 2,280,004 were bora in the state ; 195,706 in other states of the Un
ion; 430,505 in foreign countries; of whom 46,546 were born in England; 201,939 in Ireland;
10,137 in Scotland; 13,101 in Wales ; 3,484 in British America; 138,244 in Germany; 8,302 in
France ; and 8,752 in other foreign countries.
This state was originally settled by English and Welsh Friends, or Qua
kers, but the population afterwards received large additions of Germans and
Irish, and some other foreigners. In some of the middle and eastern coun
ties, the Germans still have papers printed, and schools taught in their own
tongue.
Pennsylvania is eminently an agricultural and mining state. Though
much of the surface is broken, there are large tracts of excellent land. Farm
ing has been conducted with skill, especially in the older portions of the
state, and the yield of cereals and roots has been abundant. In 1866, it was
the first state in the Union in the amount of rye, oats, and buckwheat har
vested. The most important minerals are iron and coal. In 1860, it pro
duced 62)^ per cent, of the quantity, and 58 per cent, of the value of pig
iron in the whole country, also 46.4 per cent, of the quantity and 37.8 per
cent, of the value of bituminous coal, and nearly all of the anthracite of the
country, or nearly 80 per cent, of the whole value of coal. Petroleum is an
important product in the western part of the state ; the petroleum trade of
Pittsburgh amounts to nearly $13,000,000 annually. The export from Phil
adelphia, in 1868, was 40,505,620 gallons.
The railroads furnish good facilities for internal traffic, and the foreign
commerce is steadily increasing. The state is also largely engaged in manu
factures.
Products in 1866. Corn, 35,831,877 bushels ; value, $32,607,008 ; wheat, 10,519,660 bushels ;
value, $28,087,492; rye, 6,569,090 bushels; value, $7,686,537; oats, 54,954,560 bushels; value,
$27,477,280 ; barley, 621,574 bushels ; value, $677,515 ; buckwheat, 9,718,728 bushels ; value, $9,-
329,979; potatoes, 15,636,859 bushels ; value, $11,884,013; tobacco, 4,960,886 pounds ; value, $843,-
350; hay, 1,970,836 tons ; value, $31,809,293.
Banks. There were, Sept. 30, 1868, 205 National Banks, of which 8 were closed or closing,
and 197 in operation, with a capital of $50,247,390.
1SC9.] RHODE ISLAND. 445
30. BHODE ISLAND.
Capitals, Providence, Newport. Area, 1,306 square miles. Population, (1865,) 184,965.
This State was settled at Providence in 1636, by the English from Massa
chusetts under Roger Williams. It was under the jurisdiction ot Massachu
setts until 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued to be
the basis of the government until the formation of the State constitution in
September, 1743. It was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the
United States Constitution, May 29, 1790.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE Providence $1,000
Lieutenant Governor PARDON W. STEVENS Newport 500
Secretary of State JOHN R. BARTLETT Providence 1.800
General Treasurer SAMUEL A. PARKER Newport 1,500
Auditor JOEL M. SPENCER Warwick 1,200
Attorney General WILLARD SAYLES Providence 1,800
Sup't of Public Instruction J. B. CUAPIN Barrington '. 1,200
Adjutant General EDWARD C. MAURAN Providence 500
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and
Attorney General are elected annually on the first Wednesday of April for
the year commencing the last Tuesday of May. The Auditor is elected by
the Assembly. The Commissioner of Schools is appointed by the Governor,
subject to confirmation by the Senate. The Senate consists of the Governor,
who presides, the Lieutenant Governor, and one Senator from each of the thirty-
four towns in the State. The House of Representatives consists of seventy-
two members. The Legislature holds its regular session at Newport, on the
last Tuesday of May, and a session, by adjournment, at Providence, in January
following. The pardoning power, except in cases of impeachment, is vested
exclusively in the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Every male citizen of full age, one year in the State, six months in the
town, owning real estate worth $134 or renting $7 per annum, and every
native male citizen of full age, two years in the State, six months in the town,
who is duly registered, who has paid $1 tax, or done militia service within
the year is entitled to vote.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice, and three Associate Jus
tices, and is a court of equity as well as of law. It is the court of last resort
in all matters of probate, and has original, revisory, and supervisory juris
diction. It has original jurisdiction, concurrent with the«Court of Common
Pleas in each county, in all civil suits, where the debt or damages claimed
amount to the sum of $100 or upward, or where an easement in, or the title
to real estate is in question. The Supreme Court has exclusive power to try
all indictments for crimes which may be punished by imprisonment for life.
The Court of Common Pleas is holden by some one of the Justices of the
Supreme Court, who is assigned to that duty by his associates. This court
has original jurisdiction of all civil actions at law, wherein the debt or dam-
446 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
ages claimed amount to $50 or upward, or where the title to real estate is in
question. This court has concurrent criminal jurisdiction with the Supreme
Court, except as to indictments for crimes which may be punished by im
prisonment for life, and has exclusive jurisdiction of all appeals, civil or
criminal, from Justices of the Peace or Courts of the Magistrates.
The Judges of the Supreme Court are chosen by the General Assembly,
and hold office until they are removed by a resolution passed by both houses
of that body, and voted for by a majority of the members elected to each
house.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Nathan Clifford. District Judge, J. R. Bullock. District Attorney, Wingate
Hayes. Marshal, Robert Sherman. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, Henry Pitman.
SUPREME COURT.
Cliief Justice, George A. Brayton, Warwick. Associate Justices, Elisha R. Potter, South
Kingston ; Walter S. Burges,'Cranston ; Thomas Durfee, Providence. Clerks of the Supreme
Court — Neivport County, Thomas W. Wood ; Providence County, Charles Blake ; Bristol County,
Charles A. Waldron ; Kent County, Samuel L. Tillinghast ; Washington County, John G. Clarke.
The same are Clerks of the Court of Common Pleas except in Providence county, Daniel R.
Ballon, and in Washington county, John Henry Wells, are Clerks of the latter court.
Salary of Chief Justice $3,000, of each Associate Justice $2,500.
TERMS OP SUPREME COURT.
Bristol County, 1st Monday in March, 2d Monday in September ; Kent County, 2d Monday in
March, 4th Monday in August ; Neivport County, 3d Monday in March and September; Provi
dence County, 4th Monday in March, and 1st Monday in October ; Washington County, 3d Mon
day in February and August.
TERMS OF COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.
Bristol County, 1st Monday in May, and last Monday in October ; Kent County, 2d Monday in
October and April ; Newport County, 3d Monday in May and November ; Providence County, 1st
Monday in June and December for civil business, and in March and September for criminal
business ; WasJdngton County, 2d Monday in May, 1st Monday in November.
FINANCES.
Balance in the Treasury, May 1, 1867, - .... $135,837.37
Receipt from State tax, - 82,668.40
Dividends on School Fund, - - 23,788.75
Miscellaneous receipts, 155,942.09
Total, $397,736.61
Payments for salaries, - $25,471.36
Pay of members and expenses of General Assembly, - - 15,154.01
Public Schools, ----- 49,997.36
Accounts allowed by the General Assembly, .... 102,862.51
Miscellaneous, 64,331.81
Balance in the Treasury, 139,919.56
Total, $397,736.61
There was no State debt in 1860. The debt created on account of the war
amounted to $4,000,000 in 1865, but in 1868 it had been reduced to $3,-
141,500.
1869.] RHODE ISLAND. 447
EDUCATION.
Brown University, founded in 1764, is the only college in this State. It
has been successfully conducted and has a prosperous scientific school which
received the avails of the agricultural land scrip granted to Rhode Island.
There are a few nourishing academies in the State.
The Public Schools are under the general supervision of a State School
Commissioner. The report of this officer in 1868, represents education as
advancing in the State. School committees, and, in some cases, superin
tendents in towns and cities, exercise a local supervision over the schools
within their jurisdiction, and report annually to the State Commissioner.
A State Normal School was in operation until 1865, when it was suspend
ed. The Commissioner strongly recommends its re-establishment. One
thousand dollars was paid in 1867 to two Academies, for imparting instruc
tion to pupils in " Normal Departments " of these institutions.
Common Schools. Number of towns, 34 ; number of children under 15 years of age,
50,934 ; number of school districts, 400 ; number of scholars — in summer schools, 24,593 ; aver
age attendance, 19,972 ; in winter schools, 30,780 ; average attendance, 23,720 ; amount of Per
manent School Fund, $412,685 ; amount appropriated— annually by the State, $50,000 ; last year
by towns, $165,361 ; amount from registry taxes and other sources, $10,867.42 ; amount from
rate-bills, $9,639.66 ; balance, $10,058.97 ; from all sources. $324,830.89 • amount expended on
school houses, $89,098.08.
CHAKITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The beneficiaries of Rhode Island, are to a considerable extent, maintained
at institutions in other States. In 1868, the State had 7 pupils in the Ameri
can Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, and 9 in the Perkins' Insti
tution for the Blind, at South Boston.
The largest number of the indigent insane are at the Butler Asylum, in
Providence ; but the accommodations here being limited, a considerable
number are supported elsewhere. In 1868, the State had 24 beneficiaries at
the Vermont Asylum for the Insane at Brattleboro, and 4 at the State Luna
tic Asylum of Mass. In the Butler Asylum there are two classes of patients
supported in part by the State. The larger class consists of insane poor, sent
by the Overseers of the Poor of the towns to which they belong ; for these
the State pays $120 each per year. The other class are beneficiaries supported
in part by their friends, and in part by the State, the amount depending on
the number.
The Hospital has been managed with economy and success ; the charge
for board has been kept at very low rates.
The Providence Reform School, though not a State institution, received the
last year $18,000 from the State for board of inmates. This school admits
both sexes, and provides for their education and for their employment in in
dustrial pursuits.
The State Prison is reported as well conducted. Considerable change was
made in the interior administration of the prison in 1867, by a change in
officers and, to some extent, in the discipline. Gratifying improvements are
noted by the Inspectors. The chapel services and the Library have been
448 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
found very beneficial in their moral and general influence for good. The
labor of the convicts has been let by contract ; nearly all have been con
stantly employed.
Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence. JOHN W. SAWYER, M. D., Superinten
dent. Number of patients Jan. 1, 18G7,— males, 59 ; females, 60 ; total, 119. Admitted during
the year— males, 41 ; females, 36 ; total, 77. Discharged— recovered, 29 ; improved, 17 ; unim
proved, 5 ; died, 14; total, 65. Remaining Jan. 1, 1868 — males, 67; females, 64; total, 101 .
Reform School, Providence. JAMES M. TALCOTT, Superintendent. Number in school
Nov. 30, 1866 — males, 144 ; females, 63; total, 207. Commitments during the year— males, 137 ;
females, 18 ; total, 157. Discharged — males, 132; females, 33; total, 165. Remaining Nov. 30,
1867 — males, 151 ; females, 48 ; total, 199. Average time in the institution of those; discharged
— males, 15 months ; females, 28£ months. Causes of commitment during the year — theft, 58;
vagrancy, 11 ; stubbornness and truancy, 16 ; to await trial, 38 ; malicious mischief, 9 ; returned
from places for cause, 11 ; miscellaneous, 44 ; total, 157. Age— 10 years and under, 25 ; 11 years,
16 ; 12 years, 15 ; 13 years, 20 ; 14 years, 13 ; 15 years, 24 ; 16 years, 26 ; 17 and upwards, 18 ; total,
157. Parentage — American, 60; Irish, 85 ; other foreign, 12; total, 157. Whole number re
ceived since Nov. 1850— males, 1,236 ; females, 366 ; total, 1,602.
State Prison, Providence. NELSON YIALL, Warden. Number of prisoners Jan. 1, 1867, 72.
There have been committed since, 25. Discharged, 27. Pardoned, 9. Died, 2. Remaining
Jan. 1, 1868— males, 56 ; females, 3 ; total, 59. Of these 52 are white, and 7 colored. Nativity
—United States, 44 ; foreigners, 15 ; total, 59. Number of prisoners since 1838— males, 529 ;
females, 14 ; total, 543. Nativity— Rhode Island, 215 ; other States, 164 ; foreign countries, 164 ;
total, 543. Cause of commitment — larceny, 250 ; murder, 22 ; passing counterfeit money, 31 ;
burglary, 37 ; assaults with various intents, 64; robbery, 30; arson, 20; house breaking, 11;
miscellaneous, 78 ; total, 543. Number under 20 years of age, 100 ; from 20 to 30, 272 ; from 30
to 40, 101 ; from 40 to 50, 50 ; from 50 to 60, 12 ; from 60 to 70, 7 ; over 70, 1.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population as given by the United States Census, was as follows :
Population. Increase per ct. Population. Increase per ct.
1790 69,110 1830 97,199 17.02
1800 69,122 02 1840 108,830 11.97
1810 77,031 11.44 1850 147,545 35.57
1820 88,015 : . . 7.83 1860 174,620 18.35
The population as given by the State registration in 1865, was 184,965.
Rhode Island is principally a manufacturing State. It is the least in ex
tent in the Union, but in proportion to population it ranks first in the pro
duct of cotton, and second in that of woolen manufactures. Its abundant
water power and facilities for transportation have given it advantages which
have been well improved. The State has considerable coasting trade and
some foreign commerce.
The cultivated land is moderately fertile, but is employed more in grazing
and for dairy purposes, than for tillage except in the vicinity of the cities
and larger towns. Very little wheat culture is attempted. Other crops are
more remunerative as well as more abundant and certain.
The Products in 1866 were— corn, 408,293 bushels ; value, $579,776 ; rye, 32,658 bushels ;
value, $47,028 ; oats, 154,222 bushels ; value, $112,582 ; barley, 35,031 bushels ; value, $40,250 ;
potatoes, 499,440 bushels ; value, $399,552 ; hay, 53,379 tons ; value, $1.689,979.
Banks. Number of National Banks, 62; capital, $20,364,800. Number of Savings Banks,
25 ; total amount of deposits, $21,413,647.14.
Railroads. Number of miles of track in Rhode Island, 170,^ ; capital stock, $37.597,548;
cost of roads, $39,398,373.14; cost of equipments, $1,975,664.31; number of passengers carried dur
ing the year, 12,101,194 ; number of tons of merchandise carried during the year, 1,320,623; re
ceipts for the year, $5,133,047.14 ; current expenses of the year, $3,989,257.61 ; net earnings of the
year, $1,473,588.56; indebtedness by mortgage, $11,790,850; indebtedness by preferred stock,
$548,800 ; all other indebtedness, $4,922,022.75.
1869.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 449
31. SOUTH CAROLINA.
,Capital, Columbia. Area, 34,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 703,708.
South Carolina was settled by the English at Port Royal in 1670, a grant
of the territory having been made in 1662, by Charles II. to Lord Clarendon
and others. The proprietary government at first complex, was more confused
by the introduction of John Locke's Constitution, soon after the settlement
of the State. Locke's scheme of government was soon abandoned, and in
1619, the two Carolinas were separated, and a royal government was estab
lished in South Carolina.
This is one of the original thirteen States ; it established a State Constitution
March 26, 1776, and ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 23,
1798. Its State constitution has been frequently amended. An ordinance
of secession was adopted, Dec. 20, 1860. After the close of the war, or June
30, 1865, Benjamin F. Terry was appointed Provisional Governor. At a
State Convention which assembled September 13, 1865, the ordinance of se
cession was repealed, political privileges were extended to the people, and a
new State constitution was formed and adopted. State officers were appoint
ed, the Provisional Governor was relieved, December 25, and the authority
passed into the hands of the government elected by the people. The act of
Congress, March, 1867, placed this State in the Second Military district, under
the command of Gen. Daniel E. Sickles until August 26, when he was re
lieved, and Major General R. S. Canby appointed in his place.
A State Convention assembled in Charleston, January 14, 1868, and adopted
a constitution which was ratified by the people. The State was re-admitted
into the Union by vote of Congress, June 25, 1868.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor ROBERT K. SCOTT Columbia *$3,500
Lieutenant Governor LEMUEL BOOZER Lexington
Secretary of State F. L. CARDOZO Columbia t 3,000
Treasurer and Receiver General NILES G. PARKER Columbia 2,500
Auditor REUBEN TOMLINSON Columbia 2,500
Attorney General D. II. CHAMBERLAIN Charleston 3,000
Supt. of Public Instruction J. K. JILLSON Camden 2,500
Commissioner of Agriculture II. SPARWICK Charleston 1,500
Adjutant General F. J. MOSES, JR Sumter 3,000
The Governor and Lieutenant Governor must each have attained the age of
thirty years, and have been two years a resident of the State. They are
elected biennially by the qualified voters, and hold office two years or until
their successors are chosen and qualified. The next election will be on the 3d
Wednesday of October, 1870. The Comptroller General, Treasurer, and Sec
retary of State are also chosen by the qualified voters for the term of four years.
The Senate is composed of one member from each county, except the
county of Charleston, which has two Senators ; the House of Representatives,
of 124 members apportioned among the several counties according to the
population of each.
* And a furnished house. t Including Clerk's pay.
29
450 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The Senators must be at least 25, and the Representatives 21 years of age.
Senators hold office for four years, one-half being chosen every second year.
Representatives hold office for two years, and are chosen at the same time as
Senators, at the general election, 3d Wednesday in October.
Every male citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, without distinc
tion of race, color or former condition, who lias resided in the State one year,
and in the county in which he offers his vote, sixty days next preceding any
election is entitled to vote. Paupers, convicts, persons of unsound mind,
and all persons disqualified by the Constitution of the United States, are
excluded.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of this State is vested in a Supreme Court, and in two
Circuit Courts, viz : A Court of Common Pleas, having civil jurisdiction,
and a Court of General Sessions, with criminal jurisdiction only; in Probate
Courts, and in Justices of the Peace.
The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices,
two of whom constitute a quorum. They are elected by a joint vote of the
General Assembly, for the term of six years, and continue in office until their
successors are elected and qualified. They are so classified that one of the
Justices goes out of office every two years.
The Chief Justice elected under the Constitution continues in office six years,
one of the Associate Justices serves for the term of two years, and one for
the term of four years. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only
in cases of chancery, and constitutes a court for the correction of errors at
law. It has power to issue writs of injunction, mandamus, quo warranto,
habeas corpus, and such other original and remedial writs as may be necessary
to give it a general surpervisory control over all other courts in the State.
The Courts of Common Pleas have exclusive jurisdiction in all cases of
divorce, and exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil cases and actions ex
delicto, which are not cognizable before Justices of the Peace, and appellate
jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law. They have power
to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, scire facias, and all other writs
which may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect.
The Court of General Sessions has exclusive jurisdiction over all criminal
cases which are not otherwise provided for by law. It shall sit in each
county in the State at least three times in each year, at such stated times and
places as the General Assembly may direct.
The Judges of the Supreme Court and of the Circuit Courts are elected by
joint vote of the General Assembly, the former for a term of six years and the
latter for a term of four years. Judges of Probate Courts are elected by qual
ified voters of the counties for two years. Clerks of the Court of Common
Pleas are appointed in the same way for four years. The Clerk and Reporter of
the Supreme Court are appointed by the Judges, and hold office two years.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
.Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. District Judge, George S. Bryan. District Attorney, D. T.
Corbin. Marshal, J. r. M. Epping.
1869.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 451
JUDGES OF SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, F. J. Moses, Sumter. Associate Justices, A. J. Willard, Charleston ; S. L. Hoge,
Columbia. Salaries— of Chief Justice, $4,000; of others, $3,500 each.
JUDGES OF CIRCUIT COURT.
R. B. Carpenter, Charleston; Zeph. Platt, Aiken ; John T. Green, Sumter; J. P. Rutland,
Winnsboro ; Lemuel Boozer, Lexington ; T. O. P. Vernon, Spartanburg ; W. M. Thomas, Green
ville ; James L. Orr, Anderson. Salaries, $3,500 each.
FINANCES.
The Treasury accounts from Oct. 1, 1867, to April 30, 1868,
were kept byWm. Hood, late Treasurer, who reported as
the receipts to latter date, - $494,427.42
Receipts from April 30, to October 31, 1868, 339,827.57
Total, $834,254.99
Payments to April 30, reported by Win. Hood, late Treasurer, $398,881.16
Payments from April 30, to October 31, 409,088.76
Balance in Treasury, October 31, 1868, - 26,285.07
Total, $834,254.99
STATE DEBT.
The entire bonded debt of the State, October 1, 1868, was $5,407,306.27,
of which $484,444.51, issued in 1838 for the rebuilding of Charleston, was
due in July, 1868. Bonds and stocks of the State had also been issued for
Military Defence, from Dec. 1860, amounting, Oct. 1, 1866, to $2,141,840,
with interest due at date, $324,004.42. The assets of the State, consisting
of shares in railroad and turnpike companies, which were a source of rev
enue before the war, amounted, Oct. 1, 1868 to $2,754,660.
EDUCATION.
The supervision of public instruction is vested in a State Superintendent
of Education, chosen by the people at the same time as other State officers.
There is elected biennially in each county, one School Commissioner, and the
Commissioners constitute a State Board of Education, of which the State
Superintendent is by virtue of his office, chairman.
The new constitution requires the General Assembly to provide for a uni
form system of free public schools ; for the division of the State into school
districts ; for the compulsory attendance at either public or private schools,
of all children between the ages of 6 and 16 years not physically or mentally
disabled ; for levying a tax on property and polls for the support of schools ;
for the establishment and support of a State Normal School ; of educational
institutions for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind ; of a State Reform School, and for
the State University and Agricultural College. All the public schools, colleges,
and universities of this State, supported in whole or in part by the public
funds, are free and open to all the children and youth of the State without
regard to race or color.
The proceeds of all lands that have been or hereafter may be given by the
United States to this State for educational purposes, and not otherwise appro-
452 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
priated by this State or the United States, and of all lands or other property
given by individuals or appropriated by the State for like purpose, and of all
estates of deceased persons who have died without leaving a will or heir, are
to be securely invested and sacredly preserved as a State School Fund, and
the annual interest and income of said fund, together with such other means
as the General Assembly may provide, are to be faithfully appropriated for
the purpose of establishing and maintaining free public schools, and for no
other purposes or uses whatever.
CHAKITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The constitution directs that institutions for the benefit of the insane,
blind, deaf and dumb, and the poor, shall always be fostered and supported
by this State, and shall be subject to such regulations as the General Assem
bly may enact. The Directors of the Penitentiary are to be elected or ap
pointed as the General Assembly may direct. The Directors of benevolent
and other State institutions, created after the ratification of the constitution,
are to be appointed by the Governor, by and with the consent of the Senate ;
and upon all nominations made by the Governor, the question shall be taken
by yeas and nays, and entered upon the journals.
The respective counties of this State are required to make such provision
as may be determined by law, for all those inhabitants who by reason of age
and infirmities or misfortunes, may have a claim upon the sympathy and aid
of society.
The Physician of the Lunatic Asylum, who is Superintendent of the same,
is appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate.
All other necessary officers and employees are appointed by the Governor.
Lunatic Asylum, Columbia. J. W. PARKER, M. D., Superintendent. Number in Asylum,
Nov. 1, 1866, 142; received during the year, 85, making a total of 227. Discharged— cured, 25;
eloped, 2; removed, 3 ; died, 11 ; total, 41. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1867— males, 88; females, 99 ;
total, 187. Of these, there are— paying class, 61 ; paupers, 126 ; total, 187.
Expenditures for Charitable Institutions. Expenditures in building South Carolina
Penitentiary— from Nov. 14, 1866 to Oct. 31, 1867, $66,942.86 ; from Nov. 1, 1867 to Oct. 31, 1868,
$80,112.42 ; total, $147,055.28. Expenditures of the Lunatic Asylum— for 1866, $47,344.91 ; for
1867, $39,503.95 ; for 1868, $58,024.15 ; total, $144,873.01.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of this State at each decade since 1790 was as follows:
Census. White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Inc. per cent.
1790 140,178 1,801 107,094. 249,073
1800 196,255 3,185 146,151 345,591 38,75
1810 214,196 4,554 196,365 415,105 20.12
1820 237,440 6,822 258,475 502,741 21.11
1830 257,863 7,921 315,401 581,185 15.06
1840 259,084 8,276 327,0:58 594,398 2.27
1850 274,563 8,900 384,984 668,507 12.47
1860 291,388 9,914 402,406 703,708 5.27
The large increase of the colored population of this State, both free and
slaves, from 1790 to 1860 is particularly noticeable. While the increase in
the white population was but 107 per cent, in 70 years, the increase of col
ored persons was more than 275 per cent., and though less than 44 per
1869.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 453
cent, in 1790, it was greater than the white population in 1820, and in 1860,
constituted more than 58 per cent, of the whole population.
This State has been largely engaged in agriculture, the amount of its chief
products in 1860, being — wheat, 1,285,637 bushels; Indian corn, 15,065,606
bushels; oats, 936,974 bushels; rice, 119,100,528 Ibs. ; and cotton, 141,265,200
Ibs. It was the seventh State in the product of cotton, and its product of
rice exceeded that of all the other States together by more than 50,000,000
Ibs. The value of live stock in 1860, was $23,934,465. At that time there
were in the State, 12,165,049 acres of improved, and 11,623,860 acres of un
improved lands.
The effects of the late war were to depreciate the value of real estate, and
especially agricultural property, and to change the system of labor and cul
tivation. The partial failure of the cotton crop, and the entire failure of the
grain crops in some parts of the State in 1866, following so soon after the
destruction of property caused by the war, left much of the State in an im
poverished condition. A joint resolution of Congress authorized the distri
bution by the officers of the Freedmen's Bureau of large supplies of food,
which relieved the immediate wants of the people, but the general indebted
ness, the scarcity of money, the want of reliable laborers, and the unsettled
condition of the country, have prevented a general and successful development
of the resources of the State ; and if to these facts there be added the great
depreciation in the price of cotton, some of the difficulties which have
attended industrial occupations may be comprehended. The natural re
sources of the State are, however, good, and the determination to accept the
changed condition of things and develop these resources, with the induce
ments offered to immigrants will, it is believed, attract capital and enterprise
which will be successfully employed. Governor Scott in his message to the
Legislature urges prompt provision for the extinguishment of the State debt,
rigid economy and equitable taxation, to insure the regular payment of ac
crued and coming due interest.
The valuation and assessment of lands and improvements is to be made
prior to the meeting of the General Assembly in 1870, and every fifth year
thereafter. The real and personal property of a woman, held at the time of
her marriage, or acquired afterwards, is not subject to levy and sale for her
husband's debts, but is held as her separate property.
Gold has been found in several places, and the mines have been worked
successfully in the Abbeville and Edgefield districts. These mines were neg
lected for a time, but work was resumed on them in 1866, with satisfactory
results. The first mint deposits from South Carolina were $3,500 in 1827 ;
the aggregate of such deposits to June 30, 1866, was $1,353,663.98.
The manufacturing interest of the State is increasing in importance. Sev
eral cotton and paper mills have been supplied with new and improved
machinery and put in successful operation.
Products for 1866. Corn, 6,026,242 bushels, value, $9,521,462; wheat, 642,815 bushels,
value, $2,050,580 ; rye. 53,454 bushels, value, $105,839 ; oats, 655,881 bushels, value, $728,028 ;
potatoes, 158,714 bushels, value, $163,475 ; hay, 70,069 tons, value, $1,541,518.
Banks. The number of National Banks, September 30, 1868, was 3, with a capital of $685,000.
454 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
32. TENNESSEE.
Capital, Nashville. Area, 45,600 square miles. Population, (1800,) 1,109,801.
Tennessee was first settled at Fort Donelson, in 1756, by emigrants from
Virginia and North Carolina ; it originally formed a part of the latter State,
but was ceded to the United States in 1784. A constitution was adopted
February 6, 1796, and the State admitted into the Union June 1, of the same
year.
At the time the other southern States were seceding from the Union, or on
the 9th of February, 1861, the question of a convention for the State was
submitted to the people, when a majority of 64,114 voted against a conven
tion. An extra session of the Legislature called by the Governor, convened
on the 25th of April, 1861, and on the 9th of May passed an ordinance of
secession, which was repealed in February, 1865. The State was restored to
her former relations to the Union, and admitted to representation in Con
gress, by a resolution which was approved by the President, July 24, 1866.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALAKT.
Governor WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW Knoxville $3,000
Secretary of /State A. J. FLETCHER Cleveland 2,300
Treasurer JOHN R. HENRY Knoxville 2,800
Attorney General T. H. COLDWELL'. Shelbyville 1,500
Auditor G. W. BLACKBURN Nashville 2,850
Sup't of Public Instruction JOHN EATON, Jr Memphis 2,400
Adjutant General D. T. BOYNTON Knoxville 1,800
State Librarian A. GATTINGER Nashville 1,000
The Governor is elected by the people, by a plurality vote, for two years.
The Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller, and Attorney General, are
chosen by the Legislature on joint ballot, the Secretary of State for four years,
the others for two years. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial. The
members of both houses are elected for two years.
The constitution adopted in 1834, gave the elective franchise to every free
white man of the age of 21 years, being a citizen of the United States, and
for six months a resident of the county ; provided, that all persons of color
wTho are competent witnesses in a court of justice against a white man, may
also vote.
By the amendment of 1866, the qualifications of voters and the limitation
of the elective franchise was to be determined by the General Assembly which
first assembled under the amended constitution. The General Assembly ex
tended the right of suffrage to the blacks, and excluded certain classes of
those engaged in the rebellion.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court, and such inferior courts
as the Legislature may from time to time establish. The Supreme Court con
sists of three Judges, who reside in the three divisions of the State. The
inferior courts, so called, are Courts of Chancery, Circuit Courts, County
Courts, and Justices' Courts.
1869.] TENNESSEE. 455
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge, C. F. Trigg. District Attorney— Eastern Dis
trict, Crawford W. Hall ; Middle District, II. H. Harrison ; Western District, S. L. Warren.
Marshal— Eastern District, Blackstone McDaniel ; Middle District, Edwin R. Glasscock ; West
ern District, J. M. Tomcny. Cleric of District Court— Middle District, R. McP. Smith. Clerk of
Circuit and District Courts— Western District, A. S. Mitchell.
SUPREME COURT.
Judges. Messrs. Milligan, Hawkins, Shackleford. Cleric, Jesse G. Frazier.
CHANCERY COURT.
Chancellor, David Campbell, Franklin. Cleric, Morton B. Howell.
FINANCES.
The Receipts of the Treasury for the fiscal year ending
September 30, 1867, were, - - $2,336,444.94
Disbursements, - - $ 1,776,517.33
Expenditures not included in report, 483,004.84
Balance in Treasury, - $76,922.77
STATE DEBT.
The entire State liabilities amounted to $32,562,323.58, of which $23,601,-
000 was represented by bonds loaned to railroads.
EDUCATION.
The first public institution for higher education west of the Alleghanies,
was organized in East Tennessee in 1780 or 1781, at Salem in Washington
county. Washington College, Greenville College, Blount College at Knox-
ville, now East Tennessee University, were all incorporated at about the same
time, (1794 or 1795,) and have exerted an important influence in the cause
of education in this State. The State University at Nashville and several
Academies and Schools of a higher order in different parts of the State, af
ford facilities for higher education.
The cause of Public Education has received a new impulse by the system
of Free Schools which has been established since the war. The State Super
intendent has the general supervision of public schools. County Superin
tendents have been appointed in the different districts, and by their efforts
and co-operation with the State Superintendent have done much towards
organizing a successful school system. The State Library has about 17,000
volumes, of which 7,000 are duplicates.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The principal charitable institutions are the Institution for the Deaf and
Dumb at Knoxville, the Institution for the Blind, and the Hospital for the
Insane, at Nashville.
These institutions were much injured during the war by the destruction of
fences and furniture, and damage to the buildings. The Hospital for the
Insane has been much improved, and several additions and outbuildings
456 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
have been completed, but increased accommodations are much needed. Pro
vision was made by the Legislature in 1865 and 1866 for the erection of a
hospital for the colored insane.
The School for the Deaf and Dumb, first established in 1845, was in a pros
perous condition in 1861, when it was closed, and the pupils separated to
their homes ; the building was used for hospital purposes by both armies in
turn. At the close of the war, it was again placed in the hands of the Trust
ees, repairs were made, and it was re-opened Dec. 7, 1866. The number of
pupils is steadily increasing.
The State Penitentiary at Nashville, went into operation in 1831. It is
conducted on the silent system.
Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, Nashville. W. P. JONES, M. D., Superintendent.
Number in hospital April 1, 1865— males, 94; females, 76; total, 170. Admitted from April 1,
1865 to Oct.l, 1867— males, 163; females, 100; total, 263. Discharged— recovered, 92; improved,
44; unimproved, 5 ; eloped, 9; died, 36; total, 186. Remaining Oct. 1, 1867— males, 138; fe
males, 109 ; total, 247. Of these there are— pay patients, 50 ; indigent, 197 ; total, 247. Age of
those admitted— 20 and under, 20 ; from 20 to 30, 77 ; 30 to 40, 69 ; 40 to 50, 51 : 50 to 60, 16 ; 60 to
70, 11 ; 70 to 90, 4 ; unknown, 15. Occupation — farmers, 87 ; house-keepers, 86 ; soldiers, 11 ;
merchants, 13 ; students, 12 ; miscellaneous and no occupation, 56. Supposed cause of insanity
— intemperance, 26 ; hereditary, 47 ; religious excitement, 11 ; epilepsy, 9 ; war excitement,
27; disappointed affection, 12 ; over work, 10 ; injury to head, 7 ; onanism, 7 ; ill health, 7 ; mis
cellaneous and unknown, 100 ; total, 263. Nativity— Tennessee, 181 ; other States, 43 ; foreign
countries, 39 ; total, 263.
Tennessee Deaf and Dumb School, Knoxville. J. H. IJAMS, A. B., Principal. Num
ber of pupils Nov. 1, 1867— males, 30; females, 26; total, 56.
Tennessee Blind School, Nashville. J. M. STURTEVANT, Superintendent. Number of
inmates, September 1868, 35.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of the State as given by the United States Census at differ
ent periods, was as follows :
Whites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Inc. peT cent.
1790 32,013 361 3,417 35,791
1800 91,709 309 13,584 105.602 195.05
1810 215,875 1,317 44,535 261^27 147.84
1820 339,927 2,727 80,107 422,761 61.55
1830 535,746 4,555 141,603 681,904 61.28
1840 640,627 5,524 183,059 829,210 21,06
1850 756,836 6,422 239,459. 1,002,717 20.92
1860 826,782 7,300 275,719 1,109,801 10.68
The colored population reported in 1860 was principally in the middle
and western portions of the State, there being only about 22,000 or less than
one twelfth in East Tennessee. The length of the State is nearly four times
as much as its breadth, and it extends over only about one and a half de
grees of latitude, yet the peculiarities of its surface are such that it is usually
divided into three sections in regard to climate and agricultural capabilities.
The Eastern section is much broken by mountains and hills, and before the
war was engaged principally in stock-raising, wool-growing, and the pro
duction of corn and wheat.
Middle Tennessee is less broken, though a portion of its surface consists
of elevated table lands, producing tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, rye, and the
vegetables and fruits adapted to the climate.
West Tennessee is more nearly level, and before the war was more exten-
1869.] TEXAS. 457
sively engaged in raising cotton. Since slavery was abolished, the agricul
tural products of this part of the State have been more varied.
Rich veins of iron ore are found in a large number of the counties of East
Tennessee ; copper in abundance in Polk county ; nitre in several caves.
Coal is found of good quality, and in beds thick enough to be profitably
worked. Quarries of marble and very superior stone for building are also
found in abundance. East Tennessee is also rich in lime, marl, zinc, salt,
lead, slate, fire clay, and hydraulic cement.
East Tennessee has abundant water power for extensive manufactures, but
this branch of industry has been limited.
Products. The value of the principal articles of production in 1860, was : Flour and meal,
$4.124,812; lumber, sawed, $2,199,703; leather, $1,142,246; cotton goods, $698,122; iron, bar,
boiler plate, etc., $543,398; iron, pig, $549,640; copper ore, $104,000; boots and shoes, $395,790;
spirits, $227,353 ; steam engines and machinery, $732,350 ; agricultural implements, $117,260.
In 1860, there were 2,572 establishments, employing $14,426,261 capital, and 12,528 hands, con
suming raw material worth $9,416,514, and yielding products valued at $17,987,225.
In 1866 the products were— corn, 46,880,933 bushels ; value, $36,098,318; wheat, 3,985,265 bush
els; value, $8,807,435; rye, 232,190 bushels ; value, $273,984; oats, 2,970,836 bushels ; value, $1,-
515,126; barley, 20,115 bushels ; value, $27,960 ; buckwheat, 13,322 bushels ; value, $15,587; po
tatoes, 1,501,146 bushels ; value, $1,080,825 ; tobacco, 46,054,983 pounds ; value, $9,671,546; hay,
140,580 tons ; value, $2,619,000.
Banks. The number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868, was— organized, 13 ; closed or clos
ing, 1 ; in operation, 12, with a capital of $2,025,300.
33. TEXAS.
Capital, Austin. Area, 247,356 square miles. Population, (1860), 604,215.
This state was settled at Bexar, now San Antonio, in 1694, by Spaniards;
it formed a part of Mexico until 1836, when it declared its independence,
and instituted a separate government. It was admitted into the Union, by
joint resolutions, approved March 1, and December 29, 1845. An ordinance
of secession was adopted at a state convention, February 5, 1861, and the
state joined the Southern Confederacy. At the close of the war, Gen. A. J.
Hamilton was appointed provisional governor. He took charge of the ex
ecutive department, July 25, 1865, and called a state convention which as
sembled at Austin, February 10, 1866, and annulled the ordinance of seces
sion, and all debts created by the state during the war. In compliance with
the instructions received from the federal authorities at Washington, August
13, 1866, the provisional governor transferred the civil authority to the state
ofiicers, elected June 4th.
By the act of Congress, approved March 2, 1867, Texas, with Louisiana,
was constituted the 5th Military District, which was placed under the com
mand of General Philip H. Sheridan ; he was removed from the command,
August 29, and General Hancock appointed. December 18, an order was
issued for an election to determine whether a convention should be held and
for the selection of delegates thereto. The convention was ordered and as
sembled June 1, in Austin, but adjourned to December before completing the
constitution. The Bill of Rights, as adopted, declares that " The equality
of all persons before the law is recognized, and shall ever remain inviolate ;
458 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
nor shall any citizen ever be deprived of any right, privilege or immunity,
nor be exempted from any burden or duty, on account of race, color, or pre
vious condition." The state has not yet been admitted to representation in
Congress, and reconstruction has not been perfected so as to secure adequate
protection to life and property in all parts of the state.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor E. M. PEASE Austin $4,000
Private Secretary THADDEUS McRAE Austin 1,500
Comptroller MORGAN C. HAMILTON Austin 2,500
Treasurer JOIIN T. ALLAN Austin 2,500
Secretary of State WILLIAM C. PHILLIPS Austin 2,500
Attorney General E. B. TURNER Austin 3,000
Com. of General Land Office JOSEPH SPENCE Austin 2,500
Supt . of Public Instruction EDWIN M. WHEELOCK Austin
The Governor holds office for four years. Senators are chosen for six years,
and are divided into three classes, so that one-third are elected biennially.
The compensation of members of the Legislature is eight dollars pep day,
and eight dollars for each twenty-five miles in traveling to and from the seat
of government.
Every free male person, who shall be a citizen of the United States (In
dians not taxed, Africans, and descendants of Africans excepted), and who
has resided one year in the state, and six months in the county, is entitled
to vote.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Court of Texas consists of one Chief Justice and four Asso
ciate Justices. A District Court is held in each of the 17 districts into which
the state is divided.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge— Eastern District, J. C. Watrous. Western
District, T. H. Duval. District Attorney— Eastern District, T. J. Baldwin. Western District, E.
B. Turner. Marshal— Eastern District, J. J. Byrne. Western District, A. P. Blocker.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, Amos Morill, Austin. Associate Justices, C. Caldwell, Jefferson ; L. Lindsey,'
Lagrange ; A. II. Lattimer, Clarksville ; A. J. Hamilton, Austin. Clerks, George H. Gray, Tra
vis ; Geo. W. Honey, Galveston ; Thomas Smith, Smith. Salary of Judges, $4 500 each.
DISTRICT COURTS.
1st District— Judge, J. B. McFarland. Attorney, D. W. Harcourt. 2tf District— Judge, J. J.
Thornton. Attorney, W. R. Makemson. M District— Judge, Geo. R. Scott. Attorney, J. W.
Alexander. 4th District— Judge, Thos. H. Stribling. Attorney, T. G. Anderson. 5th District-
Judge, A. B. Norton. Attorney, Green J. Clark. Gth District— Judge, J. B. Williamson. Attor
ney, John J. Carey. 7th District— Judge, Hardin Hart. Attorney, J. M. Hurt. 8th District-
Judge, Winston Banks. Attorney, A. P. Shuford. Wi District— Judge, Samuel L. Earle. At
torney, Harvey W. Moone. IQth District— Judge, Wesley Ogdcn. Attorney, J. C. Lackey. llth
District— Judge, W. P. Bacon. Attorney, Jas. A. Zabriskie. 12th District— Judge, Elisha Basse.
Attorney, F. E. McManus. 13th District— Judge, N. Hart Davis. Attorney, P. W. Hall. 14th
District— Attorney, Lewis G. Browne, l~>th District— Judge, H. C. Pedigo. Attorney, J. M. Cros-
eon. Iftth District— Judge, J. H. Noonan. Attorney, J. R. Shook, llth District— Judge, A.
J. Evans. Attorney, J. J. Pardeman. Salary of Judges, $3,500 each ; of Attorneys, $1,000 each.
TEXAS. 459
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT.
One term every year in Austin, commencing 1st Monday in October, and continuing twelve
weeks, unless the business is sooner disposed of. One term every year in Galveston, com
mencing 2d Monday in January, and continuing ten weeks, unless the business is sooner dis
posed of. One term every year in Tyler, commencing 2d Monday in April, and continuing in
session till the last Saturday in June, unless the business is sooner disposed of.
FINANCES.
The Comptroller reports the receipts from Sept. 4, 1867, to May 31, 1868,
inclusive, from state Revenues, $369,467.79, and the warrants drawn for the
same time were, $165,104.88 ; the whole amount of warrants drawn for 12
months, from July, 1867, to June, 1868, inclusive, was $247,948.95 ; the total
balance on hand in the Treasury, May 31, 1868, including balances of various
funds, was $2,844,532.19.
STATE DEBT.
The Auditorial Board was created by act of the Legislature, and is com
posed of the Governor, Comptroller and Treasurer. This Board reported —
Amount of liabilities against the state, presented under the law creating the
Board, up to August 1, 1867, $331,471.44; amount audited by the Board,
$139,055.37 ; amount of 5 per cent, specie bonds issued by the Board, as fol
lows : To the University Fund, $134,472.26 ; to the Common School Fund,
$32,168.82. These bonds have semi-annual specie coupons attached, and are
payable, January 1, 1879.
EDUCATION.
In accordance with a resolution of the Legislature, a Board of Adminis
trators of the University of Texas was appointed, which organized in 1867
and examined sites, but made no selections.
A Board of Administrators has also been appointed for the East Texas
University, and a portion of the " University Land " set aside for its endow
ment.
Under article 10, section 10, of the Constitution, a Board of Education
was authorized, to consist of the Governor, the Comptroller, and the Super
intendent of Public Instruction. This Board has the general management
and control of the Perpetual School Fund and Common Schools, subject to
regulation by the Legislature. The Legislature passed an act establishing a
system of common schools, and regulations were adopted concerning the
school fund. The Board of Education had its first meeting on the 17th of
November, 1867.
The superintendent, Hon. E. M. Wheelock, writes under date of Dec. 4,
1868, " There is no school system in Texas, and the school fund which had
been accumulating, was mainly ruined and dissipated by the war. A plan
for free schools, in essentials similar to the systems of the states North and
West, has been submitted to the Reconstruction Committee, now in session,
and strong hopes are entertained of its adoption. The number of children
who should be at school in Texas, exceeds 200,000 ; the number actually en
joying school privileges is about 20,000."
460 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Texas Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established by law as
a state Institution at a special session of the Legislature in 1856, and was
opened for the reception of pupils in January, 1857. It is situated on the
west bank of the Colorado river, directly opposite the city of Austin. The
buildings are at present only the temporary wooden buildings that were on
the property when purchased, enlarged and adapted to the purpose. The
growth and progress of the Institution have been greatly retarded by the dis
astrous condition of public affairs ; only fifty-seven pupils in all had been re
ceived in 1868. The number in attendance in 1867 was twenty-two. The aver
age annual expenditure before the war, was $8,500 in specie ; since the war,
about $12,000 in currency. The officers are a Board of Trustees, consisting
of five members, appointed by the Governor, a Superintendent, appointed by
the Trustees, two assistant teachers, a matron, and an assistant matron. All
the expenses are defrayed from the public treasury, except the clothing of
the pupils, and this is furnished to the indigent.
The Texas State Lunatic Asylum was organized in March, 1861, the Super
intendent being appointed by Gen. Sam. Houston, then Governor of Texas.
The officers were several times changed during the war, but the first superin
tendent, B. Graham, M. D., is now in office. The buildings are not more
than one-fifth completed, and are filled to their utmost capacity. The usual
average of inmates has been about 75 ; the income is derived from counties
and friends of patients, the state making up the deficiency. Annual expense,
$20,000. The Blind Asylum is continued under the superintendency of S.
W. Baker, M. D.
The whole amount expended by the state for charitable institutions since
their establishment, is as follows :
Land appropriated for Asylums, Aug. 30, 1856 $9,278.50
Lunatic Asylum, amount drawn 283,885.72
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, amount drawn 153,195.11
Blind Asylum 85,244.65
Total $531,603.98
The Penitentiary was erected in 1848. The expense paid by the state for its erection and sup
port up to June 1, 1868, was as follows:
For erection and support of the Penitentiary $133,216.70
" of factory, materials, machinery and fuel 127,000.00 $260,216.70
Salary of Superintendents 12,549.60
Clerks and Financial Agents 12,387.00
" Directors 5,343.44
Chaplain 1,562.49
" Physician 2,517.36
Stationery, postage and printing 412.50
Total $294,989.09
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The first United States Census in Texas was taken in 1850, when the popu
lation was 212,592. In 1860, it was 604,215, or an increase of 184.22 per
cent, in ten years.
1869.] TEXAS. 461
Texas possesses in a high degree the advantages of a salubrious and tem
perate climate, and a soil of unsurpassed fertility, adapted to the production
of all the most valuable staples, together with great mineral resources. It is
eminently a stock growing State, having twice as many cattle as any other
State in 1860. The flocks of sheep have also been rapidly increasing. Dis
eases among cattle and sheep made stock raising less profitable in 1868.
It has the advantage of affording perennial pasturage for cattle, which
costs literally nothing. Snow and ice are of rare occurrence ; the former
sometimes falls to the depth of two or three inches in Northern Texas, and
ice forms about an inch thick, but both disappear in a few days.
Farming operations are carried on every month in the year without inter
ruption either from heat or cold. The growing season in Texas is about
twice as long as in the more northern states of the Union, and most crops
mature from six weeks to two months earlier.
The streams are usually bordered with timber, the width of the timber
varying from one or two hundred yards to eight or ten miles on each side
of the stream. The balance of the country between the streams is gen
erally prairie, except in the eastern counties which are mostly covered
with heavy timber. The bottom lands generally yield a bale of cotton of
500 pounds or more to the acre, or about 60 bushels of corn. The uplands
yield usually 300 or 400 pounds of cotton, or 30 or 40 bushels of corn to
the acre.
The land is capable of producing large crops of wheat, rye, oats, potatoes
and tobacco, and, in some parts of the state, sugar cane and fruits.
Of minerals, iron appears to be the most abundant, and is found in quan
tity in Grayson, Titus, Cherokee, Anderson, Nacogdoches, Williamson, Gil-
lespie, Burnet, Llano and other counties, with comparatively little effort at
development. Salt, lead, zinc, copper, soapstone, and marble are found in
several counties. In the prairie lands, salt-ponds and lagoons abound, where
in dry seasons salt is deposited in immense quantities. During the late war
Texas and Upper Louisiana were supplied from this source.
Wild or unimproved lands range in price from 12% cents to $10 per acre,
and embrace a very large proportion of the total area of the state, less than
two per cent, being under cultivation in 1860. Previous to the late unfor
tunate war, the price of lands had been steadily, though slowly advancing
throughout the state. Since the war all lands have fallen down to a small
part of their previous value. Cultivated farming lands may be bought at
from $5 to $10 per acre, and in some places even less.
Products in 1866. Corn, 20,295,863 bushels ; value, $19,078,111 ; wheat, 1,847,931 bushels;
value, $2,679,500; oats, 1,084,478 bushels; value, $932,651; potatoes, 250,822 bushels; value,
$175,575.
Banks. The number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868, was 4, with a capital of $525,000.
462 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
34. VERMONT.
Capital, Montpelier. Area, 10,212 square miles. Population, (I860), 315,098.
This State was settled at Brattleboro, in 1724, by emigrants from Massa
chusetts and Connecticut, under grants from New Hampshire. It was
claimed by both New Hampshire and New York, and was for a time under
the government of the latter, but at a convention held in Westminster, Jan
uary 16, 1777, it was declared a free and independent State. It was admitted
into the Union in 1791.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor JOHN B. PAGE Rutland $1,000
Lieutenant Governor STEPHEN THOMAS West Fahice *
Secretary oj State GEORGE NICHOLS Northfielcl 800
Treasurer JOHN A. PAGE Montpelier 1,200
Auditor DUGALD STEWART Middlebury 1,500
Sewetanj Board of Education A. E. RANKIN 1,000
Adjutant General WILLIAM WELLS Burlington 75
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Treasurer arc elected annually ;
the Secretary of the Board of Education is appointed by the Board of Ed
ucation; the State Librarian, by the Trustees of the State Library; all the
other officers by the Joint Assembly of the two Houses.
The Senate, established in 1836, consists of 30 members, apportioned
among the several counties according to their population.
The House of Representatives consists of 241 members, one from each town
and city. The pay of the members of each House is $3.00 per day during
the session of the Legislature. Every man 21 years of age, who is a native-
born citizen of some one of the United States, or has been naturalized, and
has resided in the State one whole year next before the time of election, and
who will take the oath prescribed by the constitution, is entitled to the priv
ileges of a freeman.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial powers of the State are vested in a Supreme Court, a Court
of Chancery, a County Court in each county, Justices of the Peace in the
several towns, and a Probate Court in each Probate District. The Judges
of the Supreme Court are elected annually by the Legislature, and all other
judicial officers by the people.
From 1778 to 1786, inclusive, the Supreme Court consisted of five Judges ; from 1786 to 1825,
it consisted of three Judges ; in 1825, 1826 and 1827, of four Judges ; from 1827 to 1846, it con
sisted of five Judges ; from 1846 to 1849, of six Judges ; in 1850, a change ill the judiciary system
was effected by reducing the number of Supreme Court Judges to three, and by establishing a
Circuit Court, consisting of four Judges. In 1857 the Circuit Court was abolished, and the
number of Supreme Court Judges increased to six, which number constitutes the Court of the
present day.
The Supreme Court has no original jurisdiction, except for divorce; but is
a court of errors for the trial of questions of law, and a court of appeal in
chancery suits. Each Judge of the Supreme Court is a Chancellor, and
* $6.00 per day during session.
1S69.] VERMONT. 433
holds his court at the same time as the County Court, which is held in each
county by one of the Supreme Judges and two Assistant Judges.
The County Courts have original jurisdiction in all civil actions for over
$200, or in relation to real estate, except trespass, where the damages claimed
exceed $20 ; also in actions for replevin for amounts over $20. All actions
out of the original jurisdiction of the County and Chancery Courts, except
for divorce, must be brought before a Justice of the Peace.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Samuel Nelson. District Judge, David A Smalley. District Attorney, Dudley
C. Denison. Marshal, II. H. Henry. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, B. B. Smalley.
SUPREME COURT.
Ohiff Judge, John Pierpont, Vergennes. Assistant Judges, James Barrett, "Woodstock ; Asa-
hel Peck, Montpelier; William C.Wilson, St. Albans ; Benjamin H. Stcele, St. Johnsbury ;
John Prout, Rutland. Salary of each, $2,500. Reporter, Wheelock G. Yeazey, Rutland.
COUNTY COURTS.
Assistant Judges (1SQS)— Addison County, Jonas M. Smith, Addison ; James M. Slade, Middle-
bury. Bennington County, Edward M. Aylesworth, Arlington ; Hiram Cole, Shaftsbury. Cale
donia County, Francis R. Carpenter, Waterford ; Peter Buchanan, Barnett. Chittenden County,
Safford Colby, Richmond ; Russell J. Morse, Bolton. Essex County, Richard Small, Guildhall ;
Elias Lyman, Lemington. Franklin County, George Adams, Enosburg; Walter C. Stevens,
Highgate. Grand Me County, Ransom W. Darby, Alburg ; Wyman C. Hoag, Grand Isle. Lam
oille County, Russell S. Page, Hyde Park ; Charles S. Parker, Elmore. Orange County, Nathan
iel King, Tanbridge ; William Childs, Fairlee. Orleans County, Benjamin Comings, Greeuboro ;
E. O. Bennett, Charleston. Rutland County, Daniel Crofoot, Benson ; John Crowley, Mt. Holley.
Washington County, Fernando C. Putnam, Woodbury ; Ira Richardson, Waitsfield. Windham
County, Peter W. Dean, Grafton ; William H. Jones, Dover. Windsor County, John S. Marcy,
Windsor; Calvin French, Cavendish.*
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT.
Addison County, 1st Monday after 3d Tuesday in January. Bennington County, 2d Tuesday
after 4th Tuesday in January. Caledonia County, 1st Thursday after 4th Tuesday in August.
Chittenden County, 1st Tuesday in January. Essex County, 4th Tuesday in August. Franklin
County, 1st Monday after 2d Tuesday in January. Grand Isle County, 1st Friday after 3d Tuesday
in January. Lamoille County, 3d Tuesday in August. Orange County, 6th Tuesday after 4th
Tuesday in January. Orleans County, 1st Thursday after 3d Tuesday in August. Rutland
County, 1st Monday after 4th Tuesday in January. Washington County, 2d Tuesday in August.
Windham County, Monday following 2d Tuesday after 4th Tuesday of January. Windsor County,
1st Thursday after 4th Tuesday next after 4th Tuesday in January.
TERMS OF COUNTY COURTS.
Addison, County, 1st Tuesday in June and 2d Tuesday in December. Bennington County, 1st
Tuesday in June and December. Caledonia County, 1st Tuesday in June and December. C'/tit-
tenden County, 1st Tuesday in April and 4th Tuesday in September. Essex County, 2d Tuesday
in March, and 3d Tuesday in September. Franklin County, 2d Tuesday in April and September.
Grand Me County, Last Tuesday in February and August. Lamoille County, 4th Tuesday in
May and 1st Tuesday in December. Orange County, 1st Tuesday in June and December. Or
leans County, 4th Tuesday in June and December. Rutland County, 2d Tuesday in March and
September. Washington County, 2d Tuesday in March and September. Windham County, 2d
Tuesday in April and September. Windsor County, 4th Tuesday in May and 1st Tuesday in
December.
* We go to press before receiving the appointments for 1869.
464 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
FINANCES.
RECEIPTS FOR YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER, 1868.
Balance in Treasury, September, 1867, - $44,813.48
Balance to credit of Sinking Fund, September, 1867, - - 82,000.00
Received from Taxes, 515,028.95
Received from Judges of Probate, - - 10,448.91
Balance from County Clerks, 24,735.87
Received from United States on War Claims, - - 57,637.71
Received from other sources, 19,697.52
Total. $754,362.44
DISBURSEMENTS FOR YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER, 1868.
Court Orders, - - $53,481.44
Auditor's Orders, 184,698.18
State Bonds redeemed, 230,000.00
Balance Credit Sinking Fund, 59,637.71
Allowance to Collectors of Taxes, 16,904.33
Miscellaneous, - 138,272.30
Balance in Treasury, September, 1868, ----- 71,368.48
Total, ----- $754,362.44
The classification of the expenditures for the current year shows, for
Debentures of General Assembly $45.544.40
Expenses of the Courts (without including salari.es) 76,139.86
Interest on Bonds and Loans 88.366.73
Expenses of Printing 14,395.88
For Salaries 39,968.16
Asylum for the Insane 14,089.57
Reform School Expenses and Appropriations 11,695.92
Expenses of Board of Education 4,545.94
Expenses of Superintendents of Schools 4,235.67
Militia and Q. M. General's Expenditures 6,454.79
Extra Pay and Organized Militia Pay Rolls 2,861.17
Expenses of State Prison, over Income 5,256.71
Expenses in Sergeant-at-Arms' Department 4,631.83
American Asylum for Deaf and Dumb 2,120,28
Expenses of State Library 1,419.27
Appropriation to Normal Schools 1,500.00
Official Expenses and Miscellaneous 15,983.68
Total $339,209.86
STATE DEBT.
The funded Debt of the State has been reduced during the year, $230,000.
At the close of the fiscal year, after deducting balance to credit of Sinking
Fund, it amounted to $1,168,000. The unadjusted balance due the State
from the war claim is now $207,222.23. The aggregate indebtedness of all
the towns and cities in the State, as shown from the returns made to the
State Treasurer, is $1,939,198. Nearly one-half of the debt is found in the
counties of Bennington and Windsor.
1869.] VERMONT. 455
EDUCATION.
An investigation which has been made with care, shows that during the
last collegiate year, about one hundred and sixty or seventy young men of this
State were members of a college or scientific school, either in Vermont or
elsewhere.
The State Agricultural College has been incorporated with the University
of Vermont at Burlington, and has received the avails of the 150,000 acres
of scrip donated by the general government. The institution has now three
co-ordinate departments and faculties of instruction in successful operation.
There are two other colleges and several academies in the State.
The State Board of Education consists of six persons besides the Governor,
who is ex-officio a member of the Board. The Board appoints its Secretary,
who has the general superintendence of the schools of the State. Each town
elects a town superintendent, who is required to visit each common school in
the town at least once in each year, to examine teachers, and give certificates
to such as are found qualified. Towns are divided into school districts, each
of which has a prudential committee of one or three voters, whose duty it
is to appoint teachers, provide suitable school-rooms, and make arrangements
generally for the schools of the district.
Three Normal Schools have been established, one in each Congressional
District, under the direction of the State Board of Education. Two courses
of study are provided for these schools. Graduates from the first course are
entitled to receive certificates, which are by law constituted licenses to teach
in any part of the State, f^r the term of five years, and graduates from the
second course are entitled to certificates, which are constituted Licenses to
teach in any part of the State, for the term of fifteen years.
Public Schools. Whole number of children in 1867 between 4 and 18 years of age, 88,362 \
number attending school, 71,939; average attendance, 46,245; number of different district
schools, 2,954 ; number of teachers, 4,722 ; number of weeks of school taught by males, 9,252,
by females, 49,798 ; number of teachers that have taught before, 3.240; taught before in same
districts, 860; average wages of teachers per month, exclusive of board— males, $25.68, females,
$12.40 ; number of school-houses—in good condition, 1,654, unfit for that purpose, 901 ; with
yards enclosed, 322; amount paid— wages of teachers, $213,958; board of teachers, $135,443;
fuel, furniture and incidentals, $49,144; erecting school-houses, $61,042; repairing, $21,206;
amounting in all to $480,793. Number of Select Schools, 348 ; number of pupils attending, 9,264 ;
number of Academies, 58.
Normal School, Randolph, EDWARD CONANT, A. M. Principal. Number of pupils, 1868 —
ladies, 146, gentlemen, 106, total, 252; average attendance per term, 77.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Vermont Asylum for the Insane at Brattleboro, was established in
1834. It has a large farm and extensive buildings and workshops. Most
of the buildings were burned in 1862. There is a Commissioner of the In
sane, annually elected by the Legislature, whose duty it is to make a thorough:
examination into the internal affairs of the Asylum and report thereon.
The Reform School was established in 1865. It is under a Board of Trust
ees, elected annually by the Legislature, who report the school prosperous.
It has a farm of 133 acres. The buildings have been extended by the erection
30
466 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
of dormitories and workshops, and improvements have been made on the
grounds during the last year.
The State Prison, established in 1807, is under the government of a Board
of three Directors and a Superintendent elected annually by the Legislature.
It has been self-sustaining until within a few years, but the balance of ex
penses over the income for the last year was $6,413, about the average for
three or four years. The labor of the convicts is let by contract. The pres
ent contract is for five years, at 42 cents per day. Changes in discipline have
been adopted which are beneficial ; the commutation of sentence has proved
more effective than the expectation of pardon.
Vermont Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro, W. H. ROCKWELL, M. D. Superintendent
and Physician. Number remaining Aug. 1, 1867— males, 265, females, 246 ; total, 511 ; number
admitted during the year— males, 74, females, 61 ; total, 135 ; making in all, 646 ; number dis
charged—males, 75, females, 56 ; total, 131, of whom there were«-recovered, 46 ; improved, 22 ;
not improved, 21 ; died. 42 : number remaining August 1, 1868. 515. Whole number of beneficia
ries in Asylum during the year, 166 , number remaining August 1, 1867, 128 ; number discharged
—recovered. 10, not recovered, 14 ; number died, 14 ; number remaining August 1, 1868, 128.
Income for year ending September, 1868, $79,554.28 : expenditures $78.943.72 ; balance, $610.56.
Vermont Reform School, Waterbury, AARON G. PEASE. Superintendent,. Number in
school Sept. 17,1867.37; number received during the year. 50; number discharged— reformed
before expiration of sentence. 3 ; at expiration of sentence. 15 ; sent out to places on trial, 12;
total. 30. Number remaining Sept. 4, 1868,57. Term of commitment— during minority, 6 ; Syears,
1 ; 5 years, 8 ; 4 years, 4 ; 3 years, 17 ; under 3 and over 2 years, 1 ; 2 years, 16 ; 1 year, 27 ; less than
1 year, 16; total, 98. Cause of commitment — larceny, 77; breach of the peace, 10; vagrancy, 4;
arson, 2; burglary, 3; assault, 1 ; intoxication, 1. Age, 8 years and under, 3; 10 years, 8; 11
years, 14 ; 12 years, 16 ; 13 years, 19 ; 14 years, 16 ; 15 years, 18 ; 16 years and upwards, 4. Parent
age — number from the commencement — American, 51 ; Irish, 16 ; French, 25 ; Scotch, 2 ; col
ored, 4 ; total, 98.
State Prison, Windsor, JAMES A. POLLARD, Superintendent. Number of convicts, Sept. 1,
1867, 90 ; number admitted during the year, 29 ; number discharged— by expiration of sentence,
36; pardon; 3; insanity, 1; died, 3; total, 46; number remaining Sept. 1, 1868, 76. Of these
there were from 16 to 21 years, 26; from 21 to 30 years, 32 ; from 30 to 40 years, 12 ; over 40 years,
6. Terms of sentences— 2 years and under, 19 ; from 2 to 5 years, 25 ; from 5 to 8 years, 14 ; 8
years, 6; 10 years, 5; life, 6; death, 1. Crime committed —against person, 19 ; against property,
57. Total income, $6,806.06; expenditures, $12,219.48; balance of expenses over income,
$6,413.41.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population as given by the United States census was as follows :
Inc. per cent. Inc. per cent.
1790 85,416 1830 280,032 19.04
1800 154,465 80.84 1840 291,948 4.02
1810 217,713 40.25 1850 314,120 7.59
1820 235,749 8.29 1860 315,098 0.31
The increase per cent, for the last two decades before 1860 was less than
in any other State, there being few immigrants from foreign countries.
Vermont is an agricultural State, having thirteen-twentieths of its four
millions of acres under improvement. Grass, oats, potatoes, and wheat are
the most reliable sources of profit to the farmer. In one or two towns in
Orleans county, hops are extensively grown. Dairies are sources of much
income. In some of the counties, lands with a rough and rocky surface are
well timbered with hemlock and spruce. The increase of railroad facilities
and the establishing of lumber companies have doubled the value of timber
lands in many places.
1869.] VIRGINIA. 467
Soapstone, serpentine, chrome and iron are found in Orleans county. In
Orange, are copper mines, which have been worked to some extent. A slate
quarry has recently been opened in West Randolph. In Northfield, Wash
ington county, granite and slate are largely manufactured for building pur
poses. Marble quarries are worked to advantage in Grand Isle and Rutland.
Products in 1866. Corn, 1,490,975 bushels, value, $2,102,275; wheat, 614,692 bushels,
value, $1,641 ,228 ; rye, 154,783 bushels, value, $233,722 ; oats, 4,846,015 bushels, value, $3,052,989 ;
barley, 104,390 bushels, value, $128,400; buckwheat, 225,252 bushels, value, $225,252; potatoes,
5,305,045 bushels, value, $2,281,169 ; hay, 862,878 tons, value, $13,469,525.
Banks. The number of National Banks, September 30, 1868, was 40, with a paid in capital
of $6,560,012.50.
35. VIRGINIA.
Capital, Richmond. Area, 38,352 square miles. Population, (I860*), 1,596,318.
Virginia was settled at Jamestown in 1607 by the English. It was one of
the original thirteen States, framed a State constitution July 5, 1776, and
ratified the United States Constitution June 25, 1788. An ordinance of seces
sion was passed April 17, 1861, and delegates were appointed to the congress
of the southern confederacy.
A convention assembled at Wheeling in May, 1861, and organized a loyal
government, and the new State of West Virginia was formed. (See West
Virginia.}
Governor Pierpont, who had been elected in 1862, instituted a loyal State
government at Alexandria in 1863. A Legislature and other officers were
also elected. The Legislature called a Convention, which met Februaiy 13,
1864, and abolished slavery. Jurisdiction was exercised by this government
in only a few counties. A provisional governor was appointed by the Presi
dent after the close of the war, or May 9, 1865.
By the act of Congress assuming the government of the ten southern States,
Virginia constituted the 1st Military District, to which General J. M. Scho-
field was assigned. He provided for an election which was held October 22,
1868, and resulted in a majority for a convention, which met in Richmond,
December 3, and adjourned on the 20th to January 2, 1868. This conven
tion adopted a constitution April 7, but it was not submitted to the people,
and the State has not yet (Jan. 1, 1869) been admitted to representation in
Congress.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor HENRY H. WELLS Richmond $5,000
Lieutenant Governor LEOPOLD C. P. COWPER Portsmouth t
Attorney General THOMAS R. BOWDEN Richmond 1,500
Secretary of State JOHN M. HERNDON Richmond $1,800
Treasurer ad interim GEORGE RYE Richmond 2,000
Auditor WILLIAM TAYLOR Richmond 3,000
Second Auditor ASA ROGERS Richmond 2,000
Register of Land Office HA WES R. SUTTON Richmond 1,000
Superintendent of Penitentiary J. T. PENDLETON Richmond 2,000
Adjutant General W. H. RICHARDSON Richmond 2,000
* Including West Virginia. t $8 per day during session of Senate. \ And fees.
468 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Henry H. Wells was appointed Provisional Governor April 4. By the for
mer constitution, the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Attorney General
were elected by the people for four years. The Secretary of State, Treasurer,
Auditor, Second Auditor, Register of the Land Office, and Superintendent
of the Penitentiary were elected by joint vote of the General Assembly for
two years. All are obliged to reside at Richmond during their term of
service.
The following oath is required of persons applying to register, after which
if they are twenty-one years of age, and have resided in the State twelve
months and in the county three months, they will be entitled to vote :
I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I am not disqualified from
exercising the right of suffrage by the Constitution framed by the Conven
tion which assembled in the city of Richmond on the 3d day of December,
1867. and that I will support and defend the same to the best of my ability.
JUDICIARY,
The Court of Appeals consists of three Judges, and has jurisdiction, ex
cept in certain specified cases, when the matter in controversy is not less than
$500 in value.
The District Court has no original jurisdiction except in cases of habeas
corpus, mandamus, and prohibition. Its appellate jurisdiction only extends
to cases where the amount in controversy is $100 or more, exclusive of costs,
except in certain specified cases.
The Circuit Courts have -chancery and criminal jurisdiction, and civil
jurisdiction in all cases where the amount involved is fifty dollars and up
ward, exclusive of costs. They have also concurrent jurisdiction with the
County Courts, and causes are taken from the latter by appeal.
The State is divided into sixteen circuits. Two Circuit Courts are held
annually in each county by each Judge. The Governor (with the consent
of the Legislature) appoints the Judges of the Court of Appeals and Cir
cuit Courts.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. District Judge, John C. Underwood. District Attorney,
Lucius H. Chandler. Marshal, John Underwood. Clerk of District Court, W. H. Barry.
COURT OF APPEALS.
Justices. Richard C. L. Moncure, President, Falmouth; William T. Joynes, Petersburg-
Alexander Rivers, Charlottesville. Salary $3,000 each.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
1st Circuit, Richard H. Baker, Norfolk ; 'M Circuit, Edward R. Chambers, Mecklenburg ; M
Circuit, H. H. Marshall, Charlotte C. H. ; 4th Circuit, George A. Wingfield, Liberty ; 5th Circuit,
Edward P. Pitts, Accomac C. H. ; Sth Circuit, Joseph Christian, Middlesex C. H. ; 1th Circuit,
John A. Meredith, Richmond; 8th Circuit, John Critcher, Westmoreland C.H. ; §th Circuit,
Henry W. Thomas, Fairfax C. H. ; IQth Circuit, Egbert R. Watson, Charlottesville ; llth Circuit,
Hugh W. Sheffey, Staunton ; 12th Circuit, John T. Harris, Harrisonburg ; 18th Circuit, Richard
Parker, Winchester ; lUh Circuit, Robert M. Hudson, Fincastle ; 15th Circuit, Jamea Tipton,
Carroll C. H. ; 16th Circuit, John A. Campbell, Abingdon.
Salary of Judge in 5th District $1,500, of all others $2,000.
1869.] VIRGINIA. 469
FINANCES.
The State Treasurer represents the debt of the State on November 1, 1868,
as follows:
OLD REGISTERED DEBT.
Registered debt October 1, 1868, as per report $22,004,298.88
Increased since: Converted into bonds of the State, act March 23, 1860, to date 83,980.00
Advertised to be redeemed and not called for, but placed to credit of the parties. 15,879.00
Issued to J. Neesou, attorney, &c 500.00
Total $22,104,657.88
Deductions since Oct. 1, 1866 : Purchased from sale of the Dismal Swamp Canal
Company's stock ; $24,839.98
Transferred to Commonwealth by W. and P. R. R. Co., (5 per cent.) and canceled. 45,000.00
Surrender by the N. and P. R. R. in part payment of loan of $300,000 60,500.00
Surrender by the R. and D. R. R. Co., under Gen. Stoneman's order, in part pay
ment of interest due by said Company 16,969.00
Total $147,308.98
Balance $21,957,348.90
The sinking fund was $1,729,315.46
Literary fund was 248,000.00—1,977,315.46
Outstanding $19,980,033.44
OLD COUPON DEBT.
Five per cent, sterling, payable in London, £373,000, estimated at $5 per £ $1,865,000.00
Six per cent, bonds, payable in New York $11,108,000.00
Lost at sea, steamer Arctic 145,000.00-10,963,000.00
Total coupon debt $12,828,000.00
Total old registered and coupon debt $32,808,033.44
INTEREST FUNDED NOVEMBER 1, 1868.
Dated January 1, 1866: Coupons $1,301,500.00
Registered 1,686,305.77—2,987,805.77
Dated January 1, 1867 : Coupons 2,144,500.00
Sterling 466,240.00—2,610,750.00
Registered 1,194,495.41
Total $6,993,051.18
NOVEMBER 1, 1868.
Amount of coupons to be funded $263,320.00
Registered debt to be funded 615,228.91 — 878,548.91
James River and Kanawha Company guarantees yet to be converted 230,880.00
Total $1,109,428.91
BONDS GUARANTEED BY THE STATE, NOV. 1, 1868.
James River and Kanawha Canal Company $230,880
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal 500,000
City of Petersburgh 823,500
Virginia Central Railroad 100,000
Richmond and Danville Railroad 200,000
City of Wheeling 366,000
Alexandria Canal 15,000
Total ; $1,735,880
EDUCATION.
In 1860, by the census report, there were in the State 23 colleges, with
2,824 students and $246,940 income. These institutions were mostly closed
during the war, a part of the buildings were burned and others were used
for hospital purposes or for barracks.
470 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The " College of William and Mary" was chartered by the crown in 1693,
and contributions for buildings and the endowment were made by William
and Mary. The buildings have been several times burned and rebuilt. It
was occupied in 1861, first as a barrack, and next as a hospital. The princi
pal building was destroyed in 1862, with the furniture and apparatus ; and
later in the war all the remaining buildings were burned or greatly injured.
The college was re-opened in the autumn of 1865.
Washington College had its origin in a Classical School established before
the Revolutionary War, by the early settlers of the Valley of Virginia. In
honor of the benefaction of General Washington, the name was, in 1798,
changed to Washington Academy, and afterwards to Washington College.
Since the late war, the College has been re-opened under favorable auspi
ces, and with wider aims and largely extended facilities. The course of
study is elective, each student being allowed to pursue such studies as his
parent or guardian may select, if found prepared.
The University of Virginia was in a flourishing condition, and had over
600 students in 1860. This number was diminished to less than 50 in 1863,
but since the close of the war, has again increased to nearly 500. Provision
has been made by the Legislature for the admission of one student from each
Senatorial District of the State, without payment of matriculation and tuition
fees and rents. By way of remuneration to the State for the aid afforded
these students, they are required, on admission, to sign an engagement to
teach in some public or private school in Virginia, for two years after leaving
the University ; the emoluments of such service enuring, of course, to their
own benefit.
No general free sch<5ol system has been established.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
No census has been taken of the State since its division, but the popula
tion as given by the United States Census, including West Virginia, was as
follows :
White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Inc. per cent.
1790 442,115 12,766 293,427 748,308
1800 514,230 20,124 345,796 880,200 17.63
1810 551,534 30,570 392,518 974,022 10.73
1820 603,087 36,889 425,153 1,065,129 9.31
1830 694,300 47,348 469,757 1,211,405 13.71
1840 740,858 49,852 449,087. 1.239,797 2.34
1850 894,800 54,333 472,528 1,421,661 14.60
I860 1,047,411 58,042 490,865 1,596,318 12.29
The white population of Virginia is mainly of British origin. There were
in 1860, 10,500 persons natives of Germany, and a few from France and other
foreign countries.
This State has a great variety in surface and climate. The system of farm
ing practiced before the war tended to an exhaustion of the soil, and there
are large tracts of worn out lands, but in many of the valleys the soil is still
very fertile. Land is valued about 25 per cent, less than before the war.
Much of it is excellent for grazing. The principal cultivated products are
1869.] WEST VIRGINIA. 471
corn, wheat, oats, and tobacco. Fruit is raised in Eastern Virginia and sent
to northern markets.
A large portion of the State is still covered with wood and timber, which
are valuable for ship building, and manufacturing purposes. The useful min
erals as iron, lead, coal and salt are abundant, and gold has been worked in
Stafford and some other counties with profit. The State possesses, in her
minerals and abundant water power, great natural advantages for manufac
turing ; but this branch of industry has not received as much attention as
agriculture.
Products in 1866. Corn, 24,369,908 bushels; value, $17,790,033; wheat, 4,331,364 bush
els; value, $12,344,387 ; rye, 698,453 bushels ; value, $740,360; oats, 10,245,156 bushels; value,
$4,610,320; buckwheat, 162,686 bushels; value, $138,278; potatoes, 1,592,166 bushels ; value, $1,-
050,830 ; tobacco, 114,480,516 pounds ; value, $15,6a3,830 ; hay, 203,698 tons ; value, $2,908,807.
Banks. Number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868— organized, 20 ; closed or closing, 2 ; ia
operation, 18, with a capital paid in of $2,500,000.
36. WEST VIRGINIA.
Capital, Wheeling. Area, 23,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 376,688.
This state formed part of Virginia until the latter seceded from the Union.
Delegates from forty counties assembled at Wheeling, June 11, 1861, protest
ed against the act of secession, and organized a provisional government.
A convention met at the same place on the 26th of November, 1861, and
framed a constitution for a new state, which was ratified by vote of the peo
ple, May 3, 1862. An act passed by Congress, admitting the state on condi
tion of the adoption of certain amendments to the constitution, was ap
proved by the President on the 31st of December, 1862. The changes having
been made, and ratified by a large majority of the people, the President
issued a proclamation April 20, 1863, declaring that the act should take effect
and be in force after June 20, .at which time the new state government was
inaugurated.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. SALARY.
Governor WILLIAM E. STEVENSON $2,000
Secretary of State JAMES M. PIPES 1,300
Auditor THOMAS BOGGESS 1,500
Treasurer JAMES A. MACAULEY 1,400
Attorney General THAYER MC!LVIN 1,000
Adjutant Gemfal J. H. DUVAL 1,500
Supt. of Public Instruction W. H. WHITE 1,500
The Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, and Attorney Gen
eral are chosen by the electors of the state, on the 4th Thursday of October^
biennially, and hold office for two years.
The legislative power of the state is vested in a Senate and House of Dele
gates, the former consisting of 22 Senators, elected for two years, and the
latter of 57 Delegates, elected for one year. The Legislature is required ta
meet once a year, the regular sessions to begin on the third Tuesday of Jan
uary. Sessions are limited to forty-five days, unless otherwise ordered by
472 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
two-thirds of both houses. The pay of Senators and Delegates is $3 per
day, and ten cents per mile of travel going and returning.
Every white male citizen, 21 years of age, who has resided in the state one
year, and in the county thirty days, is entitled to vote. Paupers, lunatics,
and felons are excluded.
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power of the state is vested in a Supreme Court of Appeals,
Circuit Courts, and certain inferior courts. The*Supreme Court consists of
three judges, elected by the people to hold office 12 years, one to go out
every fourth year. This court has original jurisdiction in cases of habeas
corpus, mandamus, and prohibition ; and appellate jurisdiction in civil cases
where the matter in controversy, exclusive of costs, is of greater value or
amount than $200 ; in controversies concerning the title or boundaries of
land, the probate of wills, in certain other specified cases ; also in criminal
cases, where there has been a conviction for felony or misdemeanor in a Cir
cuit Court; and such other appellate jurisdiction as may be prescribed by
law.
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. District Judge, John J. Jackson. District Attorney, Benj.
H. Smith. Marshal, E. M. Norton. Ckrk of District Court, J. Y. Moore.
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS.
Judges, Edwin J. Maxwell, Clarksburg; James H. Brown, Charleston ; R. L. Berkshire, Mor-
gantown. Clerk, Sylvanus W. Hall, Fairmont. Reporter, John M. Hagans, Morgantown.
Salaries of the Judges, $2,000 each.
The constitution of West Virginia provides for eleven circuits, which are constituted ae
follows :
First Circuit, Hancock, Brooke, Ohio, and Marshall counties. Second Circuit, Monongalia,
Preston, Tucker, and Taylor counties. Third Circuit, Marion, Harrison, and Barbour coun
ties. Fourth Circuit, Wetzel, Tyler, Pleasants, Ritchie, Doddridge, and Gilmer counties.
Fifth Circuit, Randolph, Upshur, Lewis, Braxton, Webster, and Nicholas counties. Sixth
Circuit, Wood, Wirt, Calhoun, Roane, Jackson, and Clay 'counties. Seventh Circuit, Kanawha,
Putnam, Mason, and Fayette counties. Eighth Circuit, Cabell, Wayne, Boone, Logan, Wyom
ing, and Raleigh counties. Ninth Circuit, Pocahontas, Greenbrier, Monroe, Mercer, and Mc
Dowell counties. Tenth Circuit, Pendleton, Hampshire, Hardy, Grant, and Mineral counties.
Ekventh Circuit, Berkely, Jefferson, and Morgan counties.
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS.
The sessions of the Supreme Court of Appeals are held at the city of Wheeling, and begin on
the 2d Thursday in July each year.
FINANCES.
Balance in the Treasury, October 1, 1866, .... $34,793.49
Receipts for the year, - - - 588,784.15
Total, $623,577.64
Disbursements, 618,681.75
Balance in the Treasury, Sept. 30, 1867, .... $4,895.89
WEST VIRGINIA. 473
CHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE.
Balance, October 1, 1866 $34,793.49 Fines imposed $8,824.26
State tax 325,678.15 Jury costs and militia fines 2,000.55
School tax. 153,139.50 On account of school fund 23,136.44
License tax 54,551.84
Sales of Delinquent Lands 12,026.14 $623,577.64
EXPENDITURES.
On account of school funds $155,182.22 Books for state library $2,000.00
Salaries 44,295.81 Soldiers' Medals 25,418.51
Expenses of Legislature 23,321.27 For Penitentiary at Moundsville 79,092.14
Contingent expenses , 13,949.86 Miscellaneous 59,017.09
Expenses of lunatics in jails 6,776.30
Criminal charges 42,485.71 Total expenditures $618,681.75
Hospital for insane 108,000.00 Balance in Treasury, Oct. 1, 1867. . . . 4,895.89
Support of lunatics in Va. Asylums. 24,912.00
Registration of voters 16,431.54 $623,577.64
Com. for revaluation of lands 17,799.30
EDUCATION.
The State Superintendent of Free Schools is elected biennially by the Leg
islature, and has the general supervision of all the free schools in the state.
He prescribes the forms and blanks necessary for the uniform operation of
the school system ; decides questions and controversies arising out of the in
terpretation and construction of the school laws ; convenes the county super
intendents within each judicial circuit once in each year ; recommends sys
tems and methods of instruction, and at each session of the Legislature re
ports the condition of free schools within the state. There is in each county,
a county superintendent, elected for two years, who is required by law to
examine teachers, and visit schools within his county at least once every six
months. He is to make suggestions to teachers and boards of education, and
report annually to the State Superintendent. From and after February,
1871, no person is eligible to the office of County Superintendent who has not
received a State Teachers1 certificate.
Three school commissioners are elected in each township, and hold office
for three years, who with the clerk of the township, constitute a Board of
Education, wrhich has the management and disposal of all public school
property, and the general supervision of the schools of the township.
The local administration of public schools in each district is placed in the
hands of three trustees, elected annually.
The Bible is read in every school at the opening exercises, and it is made
the teacher's duty to inculcate the duties of piety, morality, and respect for
the laws and government of their country.
There is a State School Fund, consisting of stock in various banks in the
state and of United States Registered Pacific Railroad Bonds, the income of
which is annually distributed, with the school and capitation tax, and other
school money, to the various counties.
Provision for the education of teachers is made in three State Normal
Schools; one at Guyandotte, Cabell County; one at West Liberty, Ohio
County ; and one at Fairmont, Marion County. Appropriations have been
made which will secure convenient and well arranged buildings at each
place.
474 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
At Guyandotte, the property known as Marshall College, has been trans
ferred to the state, and alterations and repairs have been made which adapt
the buildings to the wants of a Normal School. At West Liberty, the West
Liberty Academy has been purchased, and fitted up for the school, and at
Fairmont, a spacious and convenient building has been erected. The Nor
mal School at this place opened May 6, 1867, with 90 students in attendance.
The State Agricultural College, located at Morgantown, Monongalia County,
was formally opened on June 27, 1867. The proceeds of the scrip donated
by Congress, for the benefit of the college, were $90,000. The grounds of
the college comprise about 25 acres, a portion of which is used as a garden
and form. The college has large and substantial buildings, and a full corps
of instructors.
Public School Statistics for 1867. Number of school districts, 1517; number of
school houses— frame, 342; brick," 26; stone, 2; log, 332; total, 751. Number of school houses
built in 1867, 363 ; number supplied with good furniture, 199 ; with apparatus, 136 ; average value
of school houses, $433 ; total value of school property, $396,107.09 ; whole number of schools,
1,140; number of persons between 6 and 21 —white, 112,306; colored, 2,518; total, 115.340 ; num
ber attending school— males, 18,728 ; females, 16,199 ; total, 35,304 ; daily average attendance-
males, 10,692 ; females, 9,467 ; total, 20,283; average monthly salary of teachers, $36 ; highest
salary for male teachers, $103.33 ; lowest, $22.56 ; highest salary for female teachers, $41 ; low
est, $12.50 ; months taught by males, 22.28 ; by females, 12.21 ; total, 37.96 ; average cost of tui
tion per month, $1.57. Amount of school fund, $172,023.15 ; amount of levies in counties report
ed, $164,639.53 ; total amount of receipts, $200,093.99 ; total amount of expenditures, $167,130.17.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Hospital for the Insane at Weston was founded in 1857, by the state
of Virginia, and the erection of the buildings commenced before the division
of the state. The plan consisted of a center building, flanked by sections
and wings, forming a continuous structure, having a front 1,196 feet in length,
with three halls running back from the wings 120 feet.
A large amount of work had been done on the building before West Vir
ginia was organized. After the appointment of the new Board of Trustees,
in 1864, the work was resumed, and one wing of the building so far com
pleted that it was opened in October, 1864, and a number of patients admit
ted. The portion now erected will accommodate 100 patients, and when the
building is complete, room will be furnished for 250. In November, 1867,
40 patients, before maintained by this State, at Taunton, Virginia, were re
moved to the new hospital.
The Deaf, Dumb and Blind are supported at the expense of the state, at
Staunton, Virginia.
The Legislature, in 1866, appointed a Board of Directors to construct a
penitentiary, and made an appropriation of $50,000 towards the work. A
further appropriation of $50,000 was made in 1867. At the close of the
year 1867, the Directors had expended for stone and work on the prison
proper, $78,431.68.
Hospital for the Insane, Weston. R. HILLS, M. D., Superintendent. Number in the
hospital, October 1, 1866 — males, 22; females, 21 ; total, 43; admitted during the year — males,
10; females, 9; total, 19; total under treatment, 92. Discharged during the year— recovered,
12; improved, 4; died, 1 ; total, 17. Remaining, October 1, 1867— males, 21 ; females, 24; total,
WEST VIRGINIA. 475
45. Whole number admitted from opening of institution, October 1, 1867— males, 44 ; females,
46; total, 90. Whole number discharged— recovered, 26; improved, 8; unimproved, 3; died, 8;
total, 45. Estimated current expenses for 1868, $39,150; for transportation of patients, $6,000.
West Virginia Penitentiary, Moundsville. G. S. MCFADDEN, Superintendent. Number
of convicts, August, 1866, 16. Number received during the year, 109. Number discharged, 21 ;
pardoned, 6 ; escaped, 32 ; recaptured, 18 ; died, 1 ; number remaining, November 30, 1867, 83.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
No census has been taken in this state since its organization, but accord
ing to the census of 1860, the counties now included in West Virginia had
a population of 376,688, of whom 358,317 were free, and 18,371 were slaves.
Of the former, 181,645 were white males, 173,899 white females, and 2,773
free colored persons.
In 1867, the number of male inhabitants over 21 years of age, as ascer
tained for the purposes of taxation, was 77,219, of whom 74,934 were white,
and 2,285 colored. The Commissioner of Immigration has established agen
cies in New York, Baltimore, and Germany to give information to persons
from Europe seeking homes in America.
The soil is generally well suited to wheat and corn ; the irregularity of
surface is the principal drawback to tillage. In the interior counties the
principal market products are wool, sheep, and cattle. Some of the best
timber of the country is to be found here, of all the different kinds of oaks,
black walnut, hickory, poplar, and cherry. Nearly all kinds of fruits do
well, particularly apples, pears, and grapes.
The state is rich in minerals, there being an abundance of iron, coal, salt,
and limestone. Coal in veins suitable for working is found in greatest abund
ance along the banks of the upper Ohio, in the hills along the course of the
Monongahela and its branches, in the central counties of the State, in the
Piedmont region east of the summit, in the Kanawha valley, and in all the
counties south of that river. The coal lands of Guyandotte, cover niue-
tenths of the Guyandotte valley, in horizontal strata in the hills, from 3 to
11 feet thick, aggregating in some hills 25 or 30 feet. Petroleum abounds in
several counties in the western partof the state. In 1860, there were in the
counties now constituting the state, 2,346,137 acres of improved, and 8,550,257
acres of unimproved land. A considerable portion has been brought under
culture since that time, but the mountainous character of a part of the state
will prevent its being used for agricultural purposes, though flocks and herds
find abundant pasture on its hill slopes. The following statistics very fairly
represent the agricultural and other wealth of the state at the close of 1867 :
Taxable Property of the State. Number of acres, 19,350,573; value, with buildings,
$76,182,784. Value of building lots and buildings, $10,711,938. Aggregate value of land and
buildings, $86,894,702. Number of horses, mules and asses, 88,982 ; average value, $67 ; total
value, $5,942,448. Number of cattle in the state, 241,058; average value, $21 ; total value, $5,-
084,597. Number of sheep, 564,987 ; average value, $2.07 ; total value, $1,166,396. Number of
hogs, 108,216 ; average value, $3.37 ; total value, $364,539. Value of household and kitchen fur
niture, $3,898,020; money, bonds, and securities, $7,491,907; money, bonds and contracts, under
control of courts, $268,588. Average value of personal property listed by merchants, $3,964,963 ;
by manufacturers, $1,037,150; by railroad companies, $6,568,103. Capital of other joint stock
companies, $153,197. Total value of personal property, $39,166,041.
476 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
37. WISCONSIN.
Capital, Madison. Area, 53,924 square miles. Population (1860), 775,881.
Wisconsin was settled at Green Bay in 1669, by the French ; it was a part
of the territory ceded by Virginia to the United States, was set off from
Michigan, December 23, 1834, organized as a territory, April 30, 1836, and
admitted into the Union as a State, May 29, 1848.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor , Lucius FAIRCHILD Madison $1,250
Lieutenant Governor WYMAN SPOONER Elk Horn *
Secretary of State THOMAS S. ALLEN Mineral Point 1,200
State Treasurer WILLIAM E. SMITH Fox Lake 1,400
Attorney General CHARLES R. GILL Watertown 2,000
Superintendent of Public Instruction. A. J. CRAIG Madison 1,200
Bank Comptroller J. M. RUSK Viroqua 2,000
State Prison Commissioner HENRY CORDIER Waupun 1,200
Adjutant General ED. E. BRYANT Monroe
All of the above officers, except the Adjutant General, are chosen by the
people to serve for a term of two years. The general election is held on the
first Tuesday in November. The Senate consists of 33 members elected for
two years, and the House of Representatives of 100 members elected for one
year. The members of both Houses are allowed $350 per annum each for
services, and ten cents a mile for travel. The Legislature meets annually on
the first Wednesday in January. The following persons are entitled to vote :
1. Citizens of the United States. 2. Persons of foreign birth who have de
clared their intentions to become citizens. 3. Persons of Indian blood who
have been declared citizens by act of Congress. 4. Civilized person's of In
dian descent not members of any tribe.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the State, as to matters both of law and equity, is
vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts with probate pow
ers and jurisdiction, and in Justices of the peace.
The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction, both as to matters of law
and equity, which extends to all matters of appeal, errors, or complaint from
the decisions or judgments of the Circuit and County Courts. It has power
to issue writs of mandamus, quo warranto, prohibition, error, supersed^ean, pro-
cedendo certiorari, scire facias, and all other writs and processes necessary to
enforce the due administration of justice. It consists of one Chief Justice
and two Associate Justices who are elected by the people, and whose term
of office is six years.
The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in all matters civil and crimi
nal, within the State, (except in a few specified cases), and appellate jurisdic
tion from all inferior courts. They have also power to issue writs of habeas
corpus, quo warranto, and the like. The State is divided into eleven judicial
circuits. The Judges are elected by the voters of each circuit respectively,
and hold their office for six years.
* $5.00 per day when acting.
1869.] WISCONSIN. 477
UNITED STATES COURTS.
Circuit Judge, David Davis. District Judge, Andrew G. Miller. District Attorney, J. B. D.
Coggswell. Marshal, Cassias Fairchild. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, J. M. Miller.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, Luther S. Dixon, Portage City. Associate Justices, Orsamus Cole, Madison ;
Byron Paine, Milwaukee. Clerk, La Fayette Kellogg, Madison. Reporter, O. M. Conover,
Madison. Salary of Justices, $4,000 each.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
1st Circuit, William P. Lyon, Racine ; 2tf Circuit, Arthur McArthur, Milwaukee ; M Circuit,
David J. Pulling, Fox Lake ; 4th Circuit, David Taylor, Sheboygan ; 5th Circuit, Joseph T. Mills,
Lancaster; 6(h Circuit, Edwin Flint, La Crosse ; 1th Circuit, George W. Cate, Steven's Point;
8th Circuit, H. L. Humphrey, Hudson ; 9th Circuit, Alva Stewart, Portage City ; Wth Circuit,
G. W. Washburn, Oshkosh; llth Circuit, Solon H. Clough, Osceola Mills. Salary of Judges,
$2,500 each.
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT.
The Supreme Court holds two regular terms in each year at Madison, commencing on the first
Tuesday in February and on the second Tuesday in September, in each and every year.
FINANCES.
Balance in the General Fund at commencement of fiscal year, $165,710.84
Receipts into the General Fund from all sources, - - 669,417.11
$835,127.95
Disbursements, 826,534.72
Leaving an available balance, Sept. 30, 1867, of $8,593.23
The different items of receipts and disbursements of the general fund
during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1867, were as follows :
RECEIPTS. DISBURSEMENTS.
Balance, Sept. 30, 1866 $165,710.84 Salaries and permanent appropr'ns.. $69,300.12
State tax and tax on suits 352,136.88 Legislative expenses of 1867 86,201.86
From Banks 5,906.92 State prison and charitable instit'ns.159,648.00
Insurance companies 52,184.05 Permanent improvements for do 142,650.98
Railroad companies 239,480.71 Donations to private hospitals 8,500.00
Telegraphs, plank roads, &c 3,686.12 State capitol, improvement 52,103.55
Transferred from other funds 8,910.59 Interest on State indebtedness 159,324.98
Miscellaneous sources 7,111.84 State indebtedness paid 3,134.00
Miscellaneous 145,671.23
Total receipts and balance $835,127.95 Total expendit'e &bal. Sept. 30,'67. $835,127.95
The estimated expenditures from October 1, 1867, to January 1,1869, were $857,138, and the
estimated revenue for the same period, $973,056.
STATE DEBT.
Amount due to the School Fund, - $1,394,900
Normal School Fund, 381,500
University fund, - 101,000
State bonds in the hands of individuals, - 401,600
Currency receipts outstanding, - 57
Total indebtedness of the State, January, 1868, - $2,279,057
478 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
EDUCATION.
This State has made liberal provisions for elementary and higher educa
tion. The State University gives evidence of renewed life and vigor, and is
receiving the confidence of the people. The total productive fund belong
ing to the University is $215,298.83. The receipts of the income fund for
the last fiscal year amounted to $18,338.24. This institution embraces the
following departments : A College of Letters, a College of Arts, a Prepara
tory Department, and a Female Department. In the College of Letters, the
course of instruction in Languages, Literature and Science is intended to be
equal to that of the best colleges in the country. The college of Arts, which
is the agricultural and scientific College of the State, is so organized that it
can be expanded indefinitely, until each course of study becomes so promi
nent as to lake its place as a distinct school or college. The Preparatory
Department is designed mainly for the preparation of young men for the
College classes. The Department for young ladies under the re-organization,
really constitutes a distinct college, in which they are admitted to all the
advantages of University education. An experimental farm, comprising
195 acres has been secured, which, with the land before belonging to the in
stitution, forms a tract of 235 acres.
The public schools are under the supervision of a State Superintendent
of Public Instruction, elected by the people. Local supervision is under the
charge of county and city superintendents.
In 1865, the Legislature passed an act to dispose of the swamp and over
flowed lands, and appropriated the proceeds to the Normal School Fund.
In 1867, this fund amounted to over $600,000 invested and paying seven per
cent, interest. When the lands are all sold and the avails added to the fund,
it is supposed that the amount will be increased to $1,500,000.
The Normal School at Platteville was opened October 9, 1866. Normal
Schools have also been located at Whitewater, Stoughton, Oshkosh, and
Sheboygan. There were 42 teachers' institutes held in 1867, with an attend
ance of 1,604 teachers.
Public Schools. Whole number of districts in the State, 3,770; parts of districts, 1,895.
Number of children over 4 and under 20 years of age— in the State, 371,083 ; in districts main
taining school 5 or more months, 330,2(53 ; who have attended school, 233,576 ; number of different
pupils who have attended public schools during the year, 239,945. Number of schools — with two
departments, 254 ; with three or more departments, 103 ; number of teachers required for the
schools, 5,059 ; number of different teachers employed during the year, 8.357. Average wages
of teachers — males, $40.76, females, $26.34 ; number of schools visited by County Superintend
ents. 4,223; number of public school-houses in the State, 4,565; number of pupils accommo
dated, 259,284 ; number of sites— containing less than 1 acre, 3,621 ; well enclosed, 903 ; number
of school-houses built of stone or brick, 451; with outhouses in good condition, 1,867: cash
value of school-houses, $2,189,159 ; of sites, $333,567 ; total, $2,522,726. Money on hand, August
31, 1866, $209,128; from taxes levied— for building and repairing, $338,034; teachers' salaries,
$725,464; apparatus and library, $11,758; appropriated at annual town meeting, $91,140; by
county supervisors, $163,622 ; from income of school fund, $158,518 ; receipts from all other
sources, $163,260; total receipts, 1867, $1,860,924. Expenditures — for building and repairing
school-houses, $349,594; apparatus and library, $5,117; services of teachers — male, $331,911, fe
male, $592,778 ; old indebtedness, $63,540 ; furniture, registers and records, $22,128 ; all other
purposes, $156,344 ; total, 1867, $1,521,412. Amount on hand (estimated), Aug. 1, 1867, $339,512 ;
total money on hand and expenditures, $1,860,924.
WISCONSIN. 479
The productive educational trust funds of the State were, on Sept, 30, 1867, as follow? : Com
mon School Fund, $2,096,307.60 ; University Fund, $193,884.88 ; Normal School Fund, $002,781.92;
Agricultural College Fund, $18,417 ; total, $2,911,401.40. Land belonging to the funds unso:d—
School Fund, 413,897 acres ; Normal School Fund, 480,520 acres ; Agricultural College Fund,
233,556 acres ; total, 1,127,973 acres.
Private Schools. Whole number, 386; number of teachers, 571; of pupils registered,
18,403. Number of academies, 9 ; of students in 1868, 1,495. Cash value of land, $18,000 ; of
buildings, $114,800 ; amount of tuition, $15,232 ; of other income, $1,687.
Colleges. Number reported, 7; number of members of faculties, 58; number graduates,
394; graduates at last commencement. 69; number of students in senior classes, 51 ; in junior
classes, 66; in sophomore, 130; in freshmen. 137; in preparatory departments, 1,031; number
of acres owned by the institutions, 344,447; cash value— of lands, $879,019; of building;-,
$346,500; amount of endowment funds except real estate, $399,849; of income from tuition,
$71,856; from other sources, $32,287.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
This State lias established institutions for the education and support of the
unfortunate, on an ample scale, and is maintaining them with a liberal spirit.
These institutions are all reported in good condition, reflecting credit on
those who manage them, and on the State by whose munificence they are
sustained.
The Hospital for the Insane, situated on one of the lakes at Madison, has
a farm connected with it, worked principally by the less afflicted of the in
mates, which yields an annual profit of $6,000. Two wings have been added
to the building since 1866, rendering the institution adequate to the care
of about 350 patients. There are about 700 insane in the State needing care
and treatment.
The Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, at Delavan, has
ample buildings and work-shops which have been recently erected. It is the
intention of the trustees, to render the institution self-supporting, as far as
practicable. All the scholars are required to labor a portion of each day ;
the girls perform the lighter kinds of housework and various kinds of needle
work ; and the boys are employed at various trades, the necessary work about
the institution, and in the cultivation of the farm and garden.
The original building of the Institution for the education of the Blind
being unsafe, has been removed, and new rooms prepared for the accommoda
tion of the pupils. The school has three departments, the literary, the indus
trial, and the musical. The aim is to give each pupil a thorough knowledge
of the rudiments of a good English education, and those who are capable,
take up also the branches of English studies usually attended to in good acad
emies and high schools. In the industrial department, the boys of suitable
age and strength are taught broom-making. The younger boys and girls
work a portion of every day at bead-work. The older girls sew and knit,
and do various kinds of fancy work.
The enlargements and improvements made in all these institutions within
the last three years, have added much to the comfort of the classes for whom
they were established. All are open to citizens of the State, free of expense.
The Soldiers' Orphans' Home is filled to its utmost capacity, there being
an average of about two hundred and eighty children, and there are many
applicants for admission, who cannot be received for want of room.
480 TI1E AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
In the State Reform School, the change from the congregated to the fam
ily system has produced a manifest improvement. New buildings have been
completed which answer admirably the purposes of their erection. The in
mates can now be divided, arranged and classified with reference to their
fitness for association together, thus ensuring success in their reformation,
when success is attainable.
The State Prison is situated at Waupun, and has been pronounced one of
the finest in the United States. The buildings have been extended by the
erection of another wing ; the whole work being done by convicts who never,
before the wing was begun, had worked an hour at the trade. They were
assisted and directed by one overseer only. The convicts are wTorked on ac
count of the State, and their earnings will, if properly managed, be sufficient
to pay all the expenses of the prison, after the buildings are completed.
"Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Dr. A. H. VAN NOSTRAND, Super
intendent. Number of patients, Oct. 1, 1866— males, 96, females, 84 ; total, 180. Admitted during
the year— males, 55, females, 59; total, 114. Discharged— recovered, 49 ; improved, 33; unim
proved, 22; died, 10; total, 114. Remaining in hospital, Oct. 1, 1867— males, 80, females, 90;
total, 180.
"Wisconsin Institute for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Delavan, H. W.
MILLIGAN, A. M., M. D., Principal. Number of pupils in attendance during the year, 108.
Wisconsin Institution for the Education of the Blind, Janesville, THOS. H. LITTLE,
M. A., Superintendent. Whole number of pupils instructed during the year— males, 27, females,
27; total, 54.
Soldiers' Orphans' Home, Madison, F. B. BREWER, Superintendent. There have been
admitted during the year commencing Oct. 1, 1866, 133 children. Whole number in the Home
Oct. 1, 1867— males, 165, females, 110 ; total, 275. Age— 4 years, 12; 5 years, 14; 6 years, 21 ; 7
years, 21; 8 years, 31; 9 years, 41; 10 years, 32; ll.years, 39; 12 years, 27; 13 years, 26; 14 years,
10; 15 years, 1; total, 275.
State Reform School, Waukesha, A. D. HENDRICKSON, Superintendent. Number in school
Oct. 9, 1866— males, 118, females, 16; total, 134. Number committed and returned during the
year— males, 72, females, 11 ; total, 83. Number discharged, 46 ; escaped, 16 ; total, 62. Remain
ing Oct. 9, 1867— males, 143, females, 12 ; total, 155. Cause of commitment— Larceny, 35 ; incor-
rigibility, 22; vagrancy, 10 ; miscellaneous, 5 ; total, 72. Age— 10 years and under. 16 ; 11 years,
5 ; 12 years, 18 ; 13 years, 12 ; 14 years, 9 ; 15 years, 9 ; 16 years and upward, 3 ; total, 72. Par
entage—American, 57; Irish 50; German, 38; English, 20; colored, 12; miscellaneous and
unknown, 40 ; total, 217. Whole number of inmates since opening of school in 1860— males,
406, females, 66 ; total, 472.
State Prison, Waupnn, H. CORDIER, State Prison Commissioner. Number of convicts in
prison Oct. 1, 1866, 169; received during the year, 125. Discharged— by pardon, 16 ; expiration
of sentence, 1 ; reduction of time, 71; total, 88. Remaining Oct. 1, 1867— males, 191, females,
15 ; total, 206. Nativity— United States, 71 ; Germany, 23 ; Ireland, 8 ; Canada, 6 ; other foreign
countries, 17; total, 125. Cause of commitment — larceny, 75 ; burglary, 10; assault, 8; forgery,
5 ; arson, 4 ; miscellaneous, 23 ; total, 125. Whole number of prisoners since organization, 1,224.
Under 12 years of age, 3 ; from 12 to 20, 228 ; 20 to 30, 533 ; 30 to 40, 259 ; 40 to 50, 125 ; 50 to 60,
59; 60 to 70, 14; 70 to 80, 3; total, 1,224. There have been discharged— on expiration of sen
tences, 343; pardon, 277; writ of habeas corpus, 9; by order of Supreme Court, 7; removed to
insane asylum, 2 ; by death, 11 ; by suicide, 2 ; by order of the War Department, 1 ; escape with
out recapture, 7 : by reduction of time, 359 ; total, 1,018.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population has rapidly increased since the census was first taken
in the State in 1840, being then, and at the end of each decade since, as
follows :
Inc. per cent. Inc. per cent.
1840 30,945 1850 305,391 886.88 1860 775,881 154.06
1869.] WISCONSIN. 43 j
In the foreign immigration to this State there has been a larger proportion
of immigrants from Norway, Germany and Wales, than in the other States,
Wisconsin receiving from the former country nearly as many as all the other
States. A Board of Immigration, provided for by the Legislature in 1867,
has been organized.
The surface of the State is rolling prairie, elevated from six hundred to
twelve hundred feet above sea level, with no mountains or lofty hills. The
soil in the southern part is remarkably productive, and even in the mineral
regions of the northwest it is well adapted to grazing. Wheat, corn, oats,
potatoes, and hay are the staple crops, the first-named being the most exten
sively grown, and by far the heaviest money crop, being made a specialty in
a large majority of the counties. In La Crosse, Monroe, Richland, Racine,
Sauk and other counties, hops have become an important interest, and have
proved highly remunerative. In Sauk county they are made a specialty,
growing luxuriantly, and yielding most abundantly. This county alone in
1867, received for the article of hops, about $3,000,000.
This State possesses abundant timber resources, and an immense lumbering
business is carried on in many of the northern and western counties, the pine
ries of Marathon, Chippewa, Clark, Wood, St. Croix, and other counties,
furnishing many millions of feet of logs and lumber annually.
The mineral resources of the State are varied and valuable. The lead re
gion of Illinois and Iowa extends over an area of 2,140 square miles in
Wisconsin. The iron region of Lake Superior presents within the limits of
this State abundant deposits of great richness. Magnetic iron, plumbago,
and the non-metallic earths abound. Copper deposits have also been devel
oped, but as yet have only been worked to a limited extent.
The facilities for propelling machinery found in the various water-courses
of Wisconsin invite large investments of labor and capital in the extension
of manufacturing enterprise. The extensive water power of Milwaukee river
affords great facilities for manufacturing, and is in process of rapid develop
ment. Milwaukee is the greatest primary wheat market in the world. In
1862, the receipts of wheat and of flour reduced to wheat, were nearly
18,000,000 of bushels.
The aggregate valuation of taxable property in the state, in 1867, as equalized by the State
Board of Equalization, was $211,479,319.36, being an increase since 1865, of $57,212,699.06.
The manufacturing establishments in 1860 numbered 3,064, with a capital invested of $15,831,-
581. The value of the raw material absorbed and cost of production equalled $21,406,042, the
total product having reached $27,849,467, leaving a profit of $6,403,425, or upwards of 40 per
cent, upon the capital invested.
Products in 1866. Corn, 9,414,583 bushels; value, $7,719,958; wheat, 20,307,920 bushels;
value, $33,914,226; rye, 926,492 bushels ; value, $815,313; oats, 17,174,086 bushels; value, $9,-
274,006; barley, 860,521 bushels; value, $774,469; buckwheat, 69,227 bushels; value, $59,535 ;
potatoes, 3,940,273 bushels ; value, $2,521,775 ; hay, 1,151,477 tons; value, $14,105,593.
Banks. The number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868, was— organized, 37; closed or clos
ing, 3 ; in operation, 34; with a paid in capital of $2,960,000.
31
482 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
38. ALASKA TERRITORY.
Capital, Sitka, or New Archangel. Area, 577,390 square miles. Population, 75.000.*
Alaska comprises that portion of North America, which is situated north
of the parallel of 54° 40' north latitude, and west of the meridian of 141° west
longitude. It embraces numerous islands lying along the coast and extend
ing west from the principal peninsula. The northern coast was discovered
in 1778, by Captain Cook who reached Icy Cape, latitude 70' 20' north, and
longitude 160° 46' west. In 1826, Capt. Beechy proceeded east as far as North
Cape, or Point Barrow, latitude 71° 23' 31" north, longitude, 156° 21' 32" west ;
while about the same time, Sir John Franklin, then Captain Franklin, traced
the coast west from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Return Reef, latitude
70° 26' north, longitude 148° 52' west. The intervening space between Point
Barrow and Return Reef was explored in 1837 by Dease and Simpson, officers
of the Hudson's Bay Company.
This extensive territory was granted to a Russian-American fur company
by a charter from the Emperor Paul VIII. in July, 1799, with power to occupy
and bring under the dominion of Russia all territories north or south of
fifty-five degrees, not previously occupied by another nation. The charter of
the company was renewed in 1839 ; there were at that time, thirty-six hunting
and fishing establishments. .
In consideration of the sum of $7,200,000, the territory was ceded to the
United States by the Emperor of Russia, by a treaty concluded at Washing
ton, March 30, 1867, and ratified by the Senate, May 28. The actual transfer
was made in October of the same year, Gen. Rousseau of the United States
service, taking formal possession on behalf of the Federal Government, at
New Archangel, on the Island of Sitka.
By an act of Congress approved July 27, 1868, the laws of the United
States relating to customs, commerce and navigation were extended over the
territory, and a collection district was established. By order from General
Halleck, Aug. 13, 1868, the military district of Alaska was constituted and
attached to the Department of California. No territorial government had
been established, January, 1869.
The boundaries are as follows : Commencing at 54° 40' north latitude, ascending Portland
channel to the mountains, following their summits to the 141° west longitude; thence north, on
this line, to the Arctic ocean, forming the eastern boundary. Starting from the Arctic ocean
west, the line descends Behring's strait, between the two islands of Krusenstern and Ratmanofl',
to the parallel of 65° 307, and proceeds due north without limitation, into the same Arctic ocean.
Beginning again at the same initial point, on the parallel of 65° 30', thence in a course south
west through Behring's strait, between the island of St. Lawrence and Cape Choukotski to the
172° west longitude ; and thence southwesterly, through Behring's sea, between the islands of
Attou and Copper, to the meridian of 193° west longitude; leaving the prolonged group of the
Aleutian islands in the possessions now transferred to the United States, and making the west
ern boundary of our country the dividing line between Asia and America.
CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY.
The northern part of the main land is compact and nearly level, about 600
miles in length and breadth. From this, a narrow belt extends along the
* Including 65,000 Indians. (From report of Mr. Banks in the House of Representatives,
May, 1868).
1869.] ALASKA TERRITORY. 433
coast to latitude 54° 40'. This is broken and mountainous, with a few fertile
valleys. The climate is variable, but milder than in the same latitude on the
Atlantic coast, owing to the warm currents from the shores of Asia. The
interior has been but little explored.
There are several large rivers, the principal of which is the Yukon, the
great river of the north, which flows into Behring sea, south of Norton's
sound. The lower part of the river is called by the Russians, Kwichpak.
Its mouths correspond in some degree to the delta of the Mississippi, and
embrace nearly two degrees of latitude. It is open by the middle of May
and closes about the middle of October. It is 2,000 miles in length and
navigable from 1,000 to 1,500 miles.
The mountains of Alaska are among the most elevated in North America.
Mt. St. Elias is over 40 miles inland, and is seen more than 100 miles from
the coast. Its height is probably between 15,000 and 18,000 feet. Mt. Fair-
weather, 100 miles to the southeast of Mt. St. Elias, nearly equals it in height.
There are several active volcanoes, the highest of which have an altitude
of about 10,000 feet.
The coast line of the territory is 4,000 miles, and including bays and is
lands, more than 11,000 miles in extent. The peninsula of Alaska is 300
miles long, and averages 50 miles in width. .The Aleutian islands are the
summits of the mountain range which extends northward on the American
coast around the head of Prince William sound and Cook's inlet, and down
the peninsula of Alaska. They form a regular curve from the termination
of the peninsula, southward, westward and northward, to Behring's island,
a distance of 1,075 miles.
This is the most remarkable range of volcanic islands on the Western
Continent. The six largest, all of which are inhabited, are as follows:
Ounimak, Ounalaska, Oumnak, Atkha, Amchitka, and Attou, having an area
of from 850 to 1,500 square miles. The inhabitants generally live on the
north side of these islands, for the southern side is exceedingly abrupt and
has no harbors.
Ounalaska has a population of 700 and the others average about 350,
except Attou, which has a population of 120. Further north, in Behring's
sea, are the large islands of St. Lawrence and Noumbak, each containing
more than 2,000 square miles. In the center of Behring's sea are the small
islands of St. Paul and St. George, the summer resort of the fur seal. Fur
ther north is St. Matthew, on which the Russians have in vain attempted to
establish a trading post.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The entire population of this country is estimated at 75,000. There are
9,000 Russians, Creoles, Kodiaks, and Aleoots, and about 65,000 Indians of
different tribes. Where the natives have means of living, they are peace
ful, capable, leam quickly, and exhibit skill in commerce and mechanics.
They are proverbial for their skill in fashioning a multitude of household
utensils and war implements. The population of Sitka numbers about 500
484 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Russians, Cossacks and Creoles, and there are about 1,000 Indians in its vicin
ity. It has but one street, with straggling log-houses. The principal build
ings are the Governor's residence, a Greek church, a Lutheran chapel, the
buildings of the Russian- American Company, a club house, and a block house
with a small battery.
Along many of the streams there is an abundance of timber, mostly of pine,
spruce, cedar and hemlock. The districts bordering upon the coast are
capable of yielding in moderate quantities, the cereal grains and the more
valuable vegetables of the temperate zone. Iron and coal are found in con
siderable abundance, and can be obtained at no very great expense. Gold,
silver and copper have been discovered. The principal value of the territory
for the present, depends upon its lumber, fisheries, and its fur productions. The
supply of furs is on the decrease, owing to the active traffic which had been
carried on in that commodity, but the fisheries are inexhaustible. Salmon
abound in the rivers, and cod and halibut on the coasts. Whales and walrus
are plentiful in seas to the south of Behring's strait. The most numerous,
though not the most valuable of fur-bearing animals is the fur seal. 80,000
skins are obtained annually, which bring from $2.00 to $3.00 apiece in Lon
don. The most valuable of the fur-bearing animals is the sea otter. Its skins
sell for $50 to $100 each, and sometimes for more. The fox abounds on the
Aleutian Islands, living on sea-birds and fish, and having his safe retreat
among the volcanic cliffs and fissures. From five to six thousand are caught
annually. The walrus is the favorite of the Esquimaux, furnishing in its oily
flesh the carbon and oxygen to keep him warm. Of other fur animals, the
marten and mink are the most valuable.
39. ARIZONA TERRITORY.
Capital, Tucson. Area, 113,910 square miles. Population, (1866), 20,000.*
This territory embraces a portion of the country acquired from Mexico in
1854. The southern part, known as the " Gadsden purchase," was the earliest
occupied by Americans, and is still the best known. The territory was
organized February 24, 1863, from the western part of New Mexico.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor R. C. McCoRMicKt Tucson $2,500
Secretary of State J. P. T. CARTER Tucson 2,000
Treasurer and Receiver General J. B. ALLEN Tucson 650
Auditor C. H. LORD Tucson 650
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court and
Probate Courts. The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and two
Associate Judges, who are appointed by the President. It holds one session
annually at Tucson, commencing the 4th Monday in October.
* Exclusive of Indians. t Elected as delegate to Congress.
1869.] ARIZONA TERRITORY. 435
UNITED STATES COURT.
District Judge, Wm. F. Turner. District Attorney, John A. Rush. Marshal, Edward J. Phelps.
SUPREME COURT.
Cliief Justice, Wm. F. Turner, Prescott. Associate Justices, Henry T. Bachus, Tucson ; H.
D. Castler, La Paz. Salaries, $2,500 each.
FINANCES.
The total territorial indebtedness, October 8, 1866, amounted to $21,051.41,
and there was a balance of $249.50 in the treasury to the credit of the general
fund. Of this indebtedness, $15,590 were payable in gold, being the amount
of bonds (and interest on the same to January 4, 1867), issued under the act
of the first assembly, approved Nov. 9, 1864, and entitled "An act to provide
for the contingent expenses of the territorial government."
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The Colorado valley was a seat of Spanish civilization and missionary
enterprise more than a centuiy ago. Early in the eighteenth century, flour
ishing settlements existed in the valley of the Gila, the Rio Verde, and the
Salinas. The relics of these are still seen in the ruins of cities, cathedrals
and farms, scattered up and down the Colorado and its, branches. The re
mains of irrigating canals show the extensive and elaborate scale on which
Spanish agriculture was then prosecuted. The Santa Cruz region was
occupied by Jesuit missionaries as early as the year 1600, the ruins of whose
establishments are still seen. The depredations of the Apaches have restricted
the settlement of large portions of this territory and New Mexico. On ac
count of their hostilities, it is found safe to occupy the country only in colo
nies for mutual protection. The settlements in the southern part and along
the Colorado are numerous. This forms part of the basin of theColorado.
Its surface consists of elevated table-lands, broken by mountain ranges and
interspersed with fertile valleys and sandy wastes. Its northern and north
eastern portions are comparatively unexplored and mostly in the occupancy
of the Indians. South of the Gila and west of the 112th meridian the coun
try is sandy, supposed not generally fertile, except along the river. In other
portions there are many beautiful valleys, containing millions of acres of ex
traordinary fertility, producing wheat, barley, oats, tobacco, fruits, and veg
etables. In the south, cotton and sugar crops are remunerative, and on the
hills and mountain sides, a rich and abundant pasturage is found.
Recent explorations have proved that the Colorado River is navigable for
nearly seven hundred miles, thus affording direct communication with the
ocean to portions of Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Nevada. By the opening
of this river, Government has already saved thousands of dollars in the trans
portation of military stores, and a fresh impetus has been given to the devel
opment of the resources of Arizona.
In southern Arizona and upon the Colorado, excepting at the highest points,
work is usually suspended in the summer months. In central Arizona this is
not necessary, as the sun is seldom oppressive. The thermometer has been
486 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1SG9.
known to stand at 110° on the Colorado, when it rose to but 65° in and about
Prescott. The nights in the mountains throughout the territory are cool at
all seasons. Snow falls in Central Arizona, but excepting in the higher moun
tains it usually remains but a few hours. No one of the mineral-bearing
territories of the " Pacific " is richer in mineral lands than Arizona, though
the mines have not been extensively worked. The surface ores of gold and
silver are good ; and copper, lead and iron are found in many places.
The pine of Central Arizona grows to a medium size, and much of it is
resinous. The oak and black walnut do not obtain a great size. Pine lum
ber cut by a steam mill in Prescott, is furnished at $30, $60, and $100 per
1,000 feet, according to the quality. The mesquite and cottonwood of south
ern Arizona and the Colorado furnish good rafters for the adobe structures,
and the mesquite is famed as a firewood. Two lines of railroad are projected
through the territory.
40. COLORADO TERRITORY.
Capital, Denver City. Area, 104,500 square miles. Population, (1860), 34,277.
Colorado was organized as a territory from parts of Kansas, Nebraska and
Utah, March 2, 1861. In conformity with an enabling act, passed March
21, 1864, a convention was held, and a constitution framed and adopted,
Aug. 12, 1865. This constitution was submitted to the people, and adopted
by them, Sept. 5. State officers were elected, November 14, 1865. A bill to
admit Colorado as a state was introduced into the United States Senate, Jan
uary 18, 1866, and passed April 25. It passed the House the same day, but
was returned to the Senate by the President with his objections, on May 16.
In January, 1867, another bill passed both Houses of Congress providing for
the admission of Colorado, upon the fundamental condition that within the
State there should be " no denial of the elective franchise or any other rights
to any person by reason of race or color, except to Indians not taxed." This
bill was returned by the President with his objections on January 19. A
vote was taken February 28, but the bill failed to receive the requisite vote in
the Senate. A bill was afterwards passed, applying the same principle to the
organic acts of all the territories, in which Colorado was included. At its
next session, the Legislature voted to accept the amendment of Congress, but
the majority in both Houses was represented to be opposed to a State organ
ization.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY,
Governor A. CAMERON HUNT Denver $2,500
Secretary FRANK HALL Denver 1 ,800
Treasurer COLUMBUS NUCKOLLS Central City 700
Audi/or N. F. CHEESEMAN Denver 1,000
Adjutant General HAL SAYR Central City 500
Supt. of Public Instruction COLUMBUS NUCKOLLS Central City 100
Sec. Board of Agriculture W. D. ANTHONY Denver
The Territorial Legislature in 1862, passed an act establishing the capital
of Colorado at Golden City, but the Legislature continued to meet at Denver.
I860.] COLORADO TERRITORY. 437
In 1866, Gov. Cummings transferred the executive department of the govern
ment to Golden City, whence, on December 10, he transmitted his annual
message to the Legislature, which assembled as usual at Denver.
The Legislature consists of a Council of .13 members, and a House of Rep
resentatives of 26 members. The general election is on the 1st Tuesday in
October.
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District
Courts, Probate Courts, and Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court con
sists of a Chief Justice and two Associates, appointed by the President of
the United States for the term of four years. For District Court purposes,
the territory is divided into three districts, in each of which one of the Jus
tices of the Supreme Court holds the sessions. There is also in each district,
a Clerk of the Court, who appoints deputies for every county. The Supreme
and District Courts have chancery as well as common law jurisdiction.
SUPREME COURT. ,
Chief Justice, Moses Hallet, Denver. Associate Justices, Christian S. Eyster, Denver; William
A. Gorsline, Central City. Salaries, $4,500 each.
TERMS OF COURTS.
Supreme Court. One term of this court is held annually at Golden City, on the 1st Tuesday
in July.
District Courts— First District, at Denver, 1st Tuesday in March and 2d Tuesday in June ; at
Oro City, 2d Tuesday in September ; at Tarryall, 3d Tuesday in May and 1st Tuesday in August ;
at Parkville, 3d Tuesday in August. Second District, at Boulder, 3d Tuesday in March ; at
Idaho, 2d Tuesday in May and 3d Tuesday in November ; at Central City, 1st Tuesday in April
and 3d Tuesday in July and October; at Golden City, 2d Tuesday in February and 3d Tuesday
in August. Third District, at Pueblo, 1st Tuesday in May and 2d Tuesday in September ; at
San Luis, 1st Tuesday in August.
FINANCES.
Balance in Treasury, December 12, 1866, - $1,638.04
Receipts on account of revenue and military tax to Nov. 30, 1867, 23,765.56
$25,403.60
EXPENDITURES FOR 1867.
Amount of warrants redeemed from Dec. 12, 1866 to Nov. 20, 1867, $23,728.12
Miscellaneous, 1,220.49
Balance in Treasury, - 454.99
$25,403.60
SOURCES OF REVENUE AND DISBURSEMENTS.
The receipts were from the several counties, and were principally from assessments and mili
tary tax. The disbursements were as follows :
Legislative Fund $12,238.47
General Contingent Fund 1,830.47
Colorado Agricultural Society 500.00
Territorial Officers 2,551.09
Military Debt 4,388.10
Adjutant, General's special fund 1,396.60
Miscellaneous 2,043.88
Total... ...$24,948.61
488 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
Total amount of warrants issued in 1867 $29,441.03
Redeemed 13,595.63
Balance from previous year 30.51
Balance outstanding $15,875.91
Amount of certificates of indebtedness due April 29, 1870, issued to 1st
Regiment mounted militia $42,169.50
EDUCATION.
The territorial Treasurer is also Superintendent of Public Instruction, and
he has the general supervision of public schools. The law provides for
the appointment of county superintendents who have charge of the distri
bution of school-money, and exercise supervision . over the schools in their
respective counties. The territorial Superintendent, last year, caused blanks
to be printed and sent to the county superintendents to aid them in reporting
the facts required by law ; few reports were received, and no summary of
school statistics has been given. The Treasurer is also Librarian, and reports
an addition of 144 volumes to the territorial library in 1867.
WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
This territory is traversed by ranges of the Rocky Mountains which enclose
extensive table lands called parks, some of which are very productive. About
4,000,000 acres of agricultural land are capable of irrigation and will make
productive farms. More than 200 miles of irrigating ditches have already been
constructed. During the fiscal year 1867, 1,310,115 acres of land were sur
veyed, which, added to the lines previously extended, make a surveyed surface
of 2,844,857 acres. The amount of agricultural land still unsurveyed in
this territory was estimated by the Surveyor General in 1867, at 7,000,000
acres.
Large tracts of land not suited to cultivation, are adapted to grazing, and
in the southern portion of the territory, herds and flocks can thrive and fat
ten on the pasture lands the year round. Cattle and sheep are raised with
profit, and the number of both is rapidly increasing. The deposits of gold
and silver seem inexhaustible, and as soon as a method of separating the
metals in a less expensive manner is adopted, it is believed that the annual
product will be largely increased. The total gold and silver produced up to
1867, was estimated at $25,000,000. The mines have been worked with in
creased success the past year, and the product is estimated at $4,000,000.
Gulch or placer mining is not prosecuted in Colorado to the same extent as
in California", the ores being found principally in rock not disintegrated.
More expensive machinery for crushing the rock, and improved processes for
separating the mineral from the sulphurets of iron and copper, with which
it is often combined, may be necessary, but the richness of the lodes and the
extent of the mineral districts seem established. The discovery in 1867, of
rich silver mines in the vicinity of Georgetown, in Clear Creek county, led to
the erection of several mills and reduction works, some of which are already
completed and in operation. These silver mines already give evidence of
rich returns for the labor bestowed upon them.
1869.] DAKOTA TERRITORY. 439
Coal exists in large quantities, and has been traced along the base of the
mountains, and the indications are that an extensive deposit exists eastward
from their base. Iron ore is found in abundance. Near the coal a smelting
furnace is already in successful operation on the South Boulder. Lead is
found in some parts of the territory, and rich copper veins have been opened
the last two years. It is difficult to give reliable statistics of the mining
operations, but the following facts relating to the business of Denver for 1867,
are compiled from the report of a committee appointed by the Board of
Trade, and are mainly derived from the official returns in the Assessor's
Office.
Gross sales of merchandise $5,946,000.00
Cash paid for freight 2,171,000.00
Pounds of freight received 17,122,000
Pounds of corn and wheat 12,6:38,000
Sacks of flour sold 70,386
Cash value of lumber sold $ 850,000.00
250 buildings erected, valued at 722,650.00
Cash value of goods manufactured in Denver 887,000.00
Cash receipts for passengers by stage lines 591,801.00
Cash receipts for express matter 168,976.00
* Gold shipped by Wells, Fargo & Co 1,560,000.00
t Gold bought by Banks 604,000.00
Gold and silver received by U. S. branch Mint 289,158.70
Average cash deposits in Banks 741,000.00
Average loans and discounts by Banks 398,000.00
Eastern exchange sold by Banks 8,301,000.00
Amount of cash paid over Bank counters 77,870,000.00
The public lands undisposed of are over 62,850.000 acres. During the year 1867, there were
entered at the Land Office at Denver, under Bounty Land warrants, 36,334 acres ; Homestead
act, 11,059 acres ; filings made and settled upon, 103,000acres ; and Cash Series act, 10,022 acres.
Products. The agricultural products of 1866 were estimated at 500,000 bushels of wheat,
600,000 bushels of com and 530,000 bushels of barley and oats.
Banks. There are three National Banks, with a capital of $350,000.
41. DAKOTA TERRITORY.
Capital, Yankton. Area, 152,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 4,&37.$
Dakota was organized by an act of Congress passed March 2, 1861. It is
a large territory lying west of Minnesota. The western portion of the terri
tory was set off in 1868, to constitute the new territory of Wyoming.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor ANDREW J. FAULK Yankton $1,500
Secretary.. .., S. L. SPINK § Yankton 1,800
Auditor I. T. GORE Brule Creek P. O.
Treasurer M. K. ARMSTRONG Yankton 75
Sttpt. of Public Instruction JAS. S. FOSTER Yankton 3.00 per day.
Attorney General GEO. H. HAND.... ...Yankton... 250 andfees.
* This amount does not represent the yield of gold for the territory, nor even approximate it,
as over one-half the gold passes to the East in the hands of private parties.
tThe principal yield of gold is from the counties of Gilpin, Clear Creek, and Summit, and
nearly all the gold from those counties is purchased at Central City.
\ Whites and civilized Indians. § Elected Delegate to Congress.
490 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Tlie Governor and Secretary are appointed by the President. The Auditor,
Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction are chosen by the qual
ified electors. By the act organizing the territory, every free white male
inhabitant of the United States, of the nge of 21 years, who was then a resi
dent of the territory was entitled to vote and eligible to office. But this act
was modified by the Congressional act of January 24, 1867, which prohibits
the Legislatures of any of the territories from denying the elective franchise
to any of the citizens on account of race, color or previous condition of
servitude.
MILITIA.
The threatened invasion of hostile Indians and the proclamation of the
Governor in 1867, led to the organization of the militia forces of the territory
with the following officers :
Governor and Commander-in- Chief A. J. FAULK.
Adjutant General JAMES L. KELLEY.
Quartermaster General Brig. Gen. D. M. MILLS
Paymaster General Col. JOHN L. JOLLEY.
Aid-de- Camp to the Governor Col. JOHN LAWRENCE.
Eight companies were organized, numbering 538 men, and arms and ammunition were re
ceived from the general government, and issued to these companies.
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, and
Probate Courts. The Supreme Court is composed of one Chief Justice and
two Associate Justices.
SUPREME COURT AND DISTRICT COURTS.
Chief Justice, Asa Bartlett, Yankton. Associate Justices, J. P. Kidder, Vermillion; John W.
Boyle, Bon Honime. Salary, $2,500 each.
TERMS OF COURTS.
First District, at Vermillion, 4th Monday of June and October, and for the county of Union in
said district, 2d Tuesday of March and 3d Tuesday of November. Second District, at Yankton,
1st Monday of June and October. Third District, at Bon Honime, 2d Monday of May and 1st
Monday of September.
FINANCES.
Receipts from county Treasurers for 1867, - $386.49
Disbursements to territorial officers for 1867.
Salaries and services, $197.00
Miscellaneous, 160.75
Balance in Treasury, 28.74
$386.49
EDUCATION.
This territory has taken steps to secure the faithful administration of a
Public School System which would be a credit to any state, and which re
flects great honor on a community just establishing its political and social
institutions. In 1864, there were no public schools and but few private
schools in the territory. The country was so thinly settled that the organi-
ISM.] DAKOTA TERRITORY . 49 j
zation of schools was difficult, but the prosperity and rapid growth of the
territory has made it practicable to establish schools in many places, and a
public school system is now in successful operation. The school law passed
by the territorial Assembly and approved, January 3, 1868, provides for the
appointment of a State Superintendent of Public Instruction, County Super
intendents, District Directors, and Boards of school officers. The State and
County superintendents hold office for two years, and are elected at the usual
time for electing territorial and county officers. The officers of each district
are a director, clerk and treasurer, who are elected annually and constitute
the District Board.
In Union county there were in 1867, 16 organized districts, and 724 persons
between the ages of 5 and 21, of whom 296 were in the public schools, and
5 male and 5 female teachers were employed. There were at that time, 7 or
ganized districts in Clay county, 5 in Yankton county, and one in Bon Homme
county, but none reported in the other counties. The rapid increase in popu
lation and wealth will naturally be followed with the organization of new
school districts and the erection of school-houses. The United States
government has expended considerable sums of money in erecting school-
houses, and supporting schools among the Indians. At most of the agencies
there are valuable school-buildings. In Pembina county, $17,500 has been
expended by Government in erecting a school-building for a Manual Labor
School for the children of Ponca Indians. A new seminary named " Dakota
Hall," has been erected at Yankton, under the patronage of the Protestant
Episcopal Church. This is the first High School in the territory. The school
law requires the State Superintendent with the county superintendents to
hold each year a territorial Teachers' Institute for the instruction and training
of the teachers of public schools. In accordance with this provision and the
suggestion of the State Superintendent, Hon. James S. Foster, an institute
was held at Elk Point on the llth of November, 1867. It continued in ses
sion five days and was well attended, and its influence was good.
A school fund is derived from a per capita tax of $1.00, and a tax of 2
mills on a dollar of all taxable property. The condition of public education
at the beginning of 1868 may be learned from the following statistics of
schools for 1867 :
Number of organized districts, 29 ; number of unorganized districts, 5 ; number of private
schools, 2 ; children between the ages of 5 and 21, 1,550 ; children attending public schools, 421 ;
children attending private schools, 160 ; children not attending school, 970 ; number of teachers
—males, 10, females, 13; number of schools visited by territorial Superintendent, 5; amount of
money raised for school purposes, $5,000; paid for teachers' wages, $2,388; amount of money
expended for school purposes, $2,612 ; value of school district property in territory, $5,500 ; total
value of school property in territory, including Indian schools, $24,240.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
Dakota embraces a large scope of unoccupied territory with a few white
settlements in its southern borders, along the Missouri river. It extends from
the boundary of Nebraska northward to the national frontier, more than 400
miles, and is nearly as broad. It is traversed by the Missouri river, the
numerous affluents of which form an extensive system of international navi-
492 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
gation and drainage. It is well wooded in the portions which have been
explored by surveying parties and others. The population in 1860 was 4,837,
including 2,261 civilized Indians. There were in 1867, about 30,000 uncivil
ized Indians within the limits of the territory. The absence of any special
attractions in the form of rich deposits of the precious metals in the eastern
part, has caused the progress of this territory in population or agricultural
development to be less marked than that of some others.
During the last two years, the population has increased more rapidly, and
was estimated at 25,000 in 1867. The immigrants have been largely those
devoted to agriculture and mechanical pursuits, who, upon entering the ter
ritory, provided themselves with land sufficient for themselves and children,
and have commenced valuable improvements, expecting to make this their
home. A very serious obstacle to immigration has been the hostility of the
Sioux and other Indian tribes living within the territory, who, in spite of the
efforts of the Government backed'by a large military force, have maintained
a predatory warfare along the great routes of travel connecting the valley
of the Mississippi with the Pacific coast. The Indian troubles in 1867 and
1868, were mostly in the western part, now included in Wyoming. Valuable
mineral deposits of gold, silver, iron and copper have been discovered, and coal
has been found in the carboniferous formation. Up to June 30, 1867, 2,663,-
660 acres of public lands had been surveyed, of which, 1,510,760 acres were
included in the Dakota and Sioux Indian lands. More than 150,000,000 acres
remained unsurveyed at that date ; a part of this is now in Wyoming. Val
uable pine timber is found in the vicinity of the Black Hills. In the north
eastern part of the territory, a valuable quarry of pipe-stone has been opened.
In 1867, acts were passed incorporating the Dakota and Northwestern, and the
Minnesota and Missouri River Railroad Companies, the corporators of which
have since met and fully organized, according to the provisions of the acts.
The Northern Pacific Railroad crosses the northern part of this territory, and
another road is in contemplation from Sioux City, up the valley of the Mis
souri to Yankton, a distance of 65 miles. The climate of much of the territory
is favorable to health, and the various inducements presented to immigrants
will, it is believed, attract many, and cause the population to increase with
rapidity.
42. IDAHO TERRITORY.
Capital, Boise City. Area, 90,932 square miles. Population, (1867), 20,000.
Idaho was organized as a territory by Congress, March 3, 1863. It was
formed from portions of Nebraska, Oregon, Utah, and Washington territories,
but its boundaries were changed at the following session of Congress and a
portion of the original territory was included in Montana. It extends from
latitude 42° to 49°, and from the 33d to the 40th meridian of longitude west
from Washington, but it is quite irregular in form, its northern boundary
being only about 50 miles long, while its southern boundary is more than
300 miles in length.
1869.] IDAHO TERRITORY. 493
GOVERNMENT.
Governor D. W. BALLARD Boise City $2,500
Secretary S. R. HOWLETT Boise City 2,000
Treasurer E. C. STERLING Boise City percentage.
Comptroller DANIEL CRANE Boise City 2,000
Supt. of Public Instruction DANIEL CRANE Boise City 1,600
The Governor and Secretary are appointed by the President of the United
States, for a term of four years. The other officers are elected by the legal
voters. A Council of 10 members and a House of Representatives of 20
members, are also chosen by the people, the former for two years, and the
latter for one year.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the Territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District
Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court
consists of a Chief Justice, and two Associate Justices, who are appointed
by the President of the United States, for a term of four years. One session
of the Supreme Court must be held annually, at the seat of the territorial
government. For District Court purposes, the territory is divided into three
judicial districts, in each of which a Justice of the Supreme Court holds the
sessions. The Supreme and District Courts respectively possess chancery as
well as common law jurisdiction.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, T. I. Bowers, Idaho City. Associate Justices, Milton Kelly, Lewiston ; R. T.
Miller, Silver City. United States Attorney, — — Prickett. United States Marshal, James H.
Alvord. Salaries of the Judges, $3,500 each.
DISTRICT COURTS.
1st District, composed of the counties of Nez Forces, Idaho, and Shoshone ; Judge— Milton
Kelly ; District. Attorney, W. W. Thayer. 2eZ District, composed of the counties of Alturas and
Boise ; Judge, J. R. McBride ; Clerk, W. B. Smith ; District Attorney, J. J. May. 3e? District,
composed of the counties of Ada, Ovvyhee, and Oueida ; Judge, John Cummins ; Clerk, R. E.
Halleck; District Attorney, L. P. Higbee.
TERMS OP COURTS.
1st District, at Lewiston, 1st Monday of April and 2d Monday of October; at Florence, 1st
Monday of September. 2d District, at Idaho City, 2d Monday of February, 1st Monday of July,
and 4th Monday of October ; at Rock Bar, 1st Monday of June, and 2d Monday of September.
M District, at Boise City, 3d Monday of April, 1st Monday of November ; at Silver City, 1st
Monday of June, and 1st Monday of October ; at Molud City, 1st Monday of May.
FINANCES.
Balance cash on hand, Dec. 3, 1866, -
Receipts for 1867, - ...
$7,090.74
56,968.52
Total
<b(\A O^Q 9(\
Payments in 1867, - ...
58,005.76
Balance in funds, Jan. 1, 1868, $6,053.50
Amount received up to Nov. 30, 1868. . . . . .$37,579.38
Paid General Fund $18,693.&3
" Prison " 8,319.51
" Sinking " .. 8,163.33
" School " 288.27 35,454.94
Cash balance in Treasury, Nov. 30, 1868 $8,177.94
494 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [I860.
Congress makes an annual appropriation of $20,000 to defray legislative
expenses, and $1,000 for incidental expenses, but this amount lias been found
insufficient for this purpose.
TERRITORIAL INDEBTEDNESS, DEC. 1, 1868.
Amount in bond, Jan. 1, 1868 $72,444.59
Amount issued to Nov. 30, 1868 1,269.28 $73,713.87
Warrants subject to bond 1,013.50
Current indebtedness, General Fund 3,098.00
Prison " 25,011.04
December, 1868, Coupons, Sinking Fund 4,424.84
Premium on gold, additional, 33£ 1,474.94 5,899.78
$108,736.19
From which deduct cash in Treasury 8,177.94
$100,558.25
Estimate of returns, December, 1868, $18,000.
EDUCATION.
A Public School system was organized in Idaho soon after its incorpora
tion as a territory. The school law provided for the appointment or election
of a State Superintendent of Public Instruction, of a County Superintendent
for each county, and of Trustees of school districts. The year after the
enactment of the school law, the whole number of persons between 4 and 21
years of age reported, was 1,239, but two counties had not reported; the
Superintendent of Public Instruction estimated the whole number of school
age at 1,500. In 1866, 8 counties reported in the aggregate 14 schools, with
792 children between 5 and 18 years of age, 436 of whom were registered as
attending school. The amount of money raised by these counties that year
for the support of schools, was $6,605.19.
PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The County Jail of Boise County, by act of the third Legislature, 1866,
was made the temporary prison for the territory, and it is still so used and
occupied. The building has thus far proved adequate for all purposes of
confinement, and under the management of Mr. Crutcher, Prison Keeper, has
been kept in a cleanly and orderly manner, and with few escapes. The ex
penses of the Territorial Prison during the year of 1867, were $14,594.63, and
for the first eleven months in 1868, $16,961.63, making a total of $31,556.26
under the present laws regulating the same. The law contemplates the em
ployment of the labor of the prisoners, but no feasible project has yet been
devised by which their labor could be used so as to pay even a portion of
the expense of keeping them.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The discovery of rich mineral deposits in this territory induced many ad
venturers to emigrate hither, but for the first two years after its settlement,
it was considered a place for speculation, where, by enduring the necessary
toils and privations, rapid fortunes might be acquired. Few persons ex-
1869.] IDAHO TERRITORY. 495
pected then to make it a permanent residence, and the territory was first
peopled by those whose object was the acquirement of a speedy fortune, and
this being done, to return to the older states. As a consequence, agriculture
was neglected, and nearly the whole population were engaged in obtaining
the precious metals or in those trades and pursuits which were indispensable
to successful mining. As the resources of the territory have become better
understood, agricultural and mechanical pursuits have been prosecuted with
gratifying results ; the population has become more permanent, and institu
tions of society are more firmly planted. In some parts of the territory, the
hostile Indians have committed depredations on stock, and by robberies and
murders rendered the routes of travel and unprotected settlements insecure.
Active and successful efforts have been made to repel the incursions, and the
frontier settlements are less disturbed. The population of the territory is
now variously estimated at from 30,000 to 50,000.
The office of Surveyor General of the territory was created by an act of
Congress, approved June 9, 1866. The initial point of surveys was fixed
upon the summit of a rocky butte, standing isolated in the plain, situated
between the Snake and Boise rivers, on the parallel 43° 36' of north latitude,
and distant nineteen miles from Boise City, in the direction of south 29£° west.
Under the appropriation of $10,000 made by act of July 2, 1864, previous to
the 30th of June, 1867, 288tlineal miles of the meridian, 138 miles of base,
and 105 miles of standard parallels were surveyed.
The altitude of this territory, with its mountains an^ table lands, renders
the winters cold compared with the country lying west, but dry and healthy.
The Boise, Payette, and Weiser valleys are sheltered and mild. The soil of
the valleys is highly favorable to the growth of cereals, and extensive crops
are raised where irrigation is practicable. The extensive table lands are
covered with wild grasses and wild rye, and are valuable for grazing. The
mountains are clothed with pine and fir timber. The valleys are destitute
of timber except a species of cottonwood growing along the banks of the
rivers. Farmers are erecting substantial dwellings and making other im
provements, paying special attention to the cultivation of fruit trees, such as
apple, plum, pear, cherry, and even peach.
Gold is found on the head waters of all the rivers. Rich placer mines
have been profitably worked for years on the Clearwater and Salmon rivers.
Extensive placer and quartz mines are found on the Boise river and its
branches. Many rich quartz lodes of gold and silver have been partially
worked; their future development depending upon the reduced cost of
transportation and other expenses, which thus far have retarded the growth
and prosperity of the country. The quartz and placer mines of Owyhee
county, situated in the southwest part of the territory, have proved to be
eminently rich so far as developed. Some of the ledges are being worked
with valuable machinery, repaying the capital invested, though at an enor
mous outlay. The quantity and quality of the ore already abstracted are
favorable indications of their future wealth. Several thousands of gold and
silver quartz claims have been taken up and recorded, more or less prospected,
496 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
but the heavy expenses under which the miners have labored has, in general,
prevented their successful development. The _near approach of the Pacific
railroad to the southern borders of the territory will materially reduce the
cost of working the mines, when the resources of the country will be more
favorably brought into notice. The product of the placer mines has been
gradually diminishing, though this falling off will soon be more than made
up by the yield of the quartz mines. In 1867, there were twenty-four quartz
mills completed and running in this territory, with eight others in course of
erection. They carried a total of nearly 400 stamps, cost in the aggregate
$1,000,000, and have a united capacity equal to five hundred horses. Of the
quartz mills, eight, supplied with 134 stamps, are situate in Alturas county,
ten in Owyhee district, and the balance in the counties adjacent ; the most
being in the southern section of the territory. In the Owyhee District there
are very rich deposits of silver ores. There are also several other rich silver-
bearing claims in the vicinity, though the mines of Idaho consist mainly of
auriferous quartz, of which there are great quantities that will yield by the
most cheap and expeditious modes of working from $20 to $30 to the ton.
The abundance of these ores and the ample supplies of wood and water in
the vicinity of the principal mines, give indications that the mineral product
of this territory will be steadily and rapidly increased.
Gold and Silver. The entire deposits of gold from this territory, at the mint of the
United States and branches to June 30, 1868, amounted to $14,162,970.07; silver, 236,731.29.
Bank. There is one National Bank, with a capital of $100,000.
43. INDIAN TERRITORY.
Capital, Tahlequah. Area, 68,991 square miles. Population, (1860), 9,761.
The Indian Territory lies west of the Mississippi River, west of the State
of Arkansas, and north of Texas. It forms part of the Louisiana purchase
of 1803. It embodies a tract of country set apart by the Government of the
United States as a permanent home for the aboriginal tribes removed thither
from east of the Mississippi River, as well as those native to the territory.
The United States exercise no authority over them excepting in certain
crimes perpetrated by them against the whites. For this purpose the Indian
Territory is annexed to the Judicial Districts of the adjoining states, (viz. :
to Arkansas and Missouri), that the Indians may be tried and punished by
the United States Circuit and District Courts when sitting in these districts.
They are allowed to live under their own laws, follow their own customs, and
indulge in their own modes of life. The land has been ceded to the Indians,
each tribe owning the portion allotted to it by the United States.
During the late war, many of the Indian tribes took part with the Con
federate states against the government. After the termination of the war,
several of the tribes sought to make terms with the United States government,
and expressed a desire to return to their homes. A commission was appoint
ed to confer with the Indians, and treaties were concluded with several of
the tribes, but peace and harmony have not yet been entirely secured.
1SG9.] INDIAN TERRITORY. 497
CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY.
A vast barren tract, generally known as the Great American Desert, occu
pies the north-west portion of the territory. The remainder spreads out, for
the most part, into undulating plains of great extent. Some parts of the
territory are broken or mountainous.
There are large numbers of wild animals, the principal of which are buffa
loes, wild horses, deer, and prairie dogs.
A portion of the Indian tribes have become partially civilized, have schools,
ch arches, and a regular form of government.
44. MONTANA TERRITORY.
Capital, Virginia City. Area, 143,776 square miles. Population, (1868), 60,000.*
This territory was settled by emigrants from other states, and organized
under an act of Congress approved May 26, 1864. It was formed principally
from the north-eastern part of Idaho as organized in 1863. It embraces the
head sources of the Missouri river, lying east of the Rocky Mountains, and
of the north branch of the Columbia, lying west of these mountains and
north of the Bitter Root mountains. Its boundaries are as follows :
Commencing at a point formed by the intersection of the 27th degree of longitude west from
Washington, with the 45th degree of north latitude ; thence due west on said 45th degree to a
point formed by its intersection with the 34th degree west from Washington ; thence due south
along said 34th degree of longitude to its intersection with the 44th degree and 30 minutes of
north latitude ; thence due west along said 44th degree and 30 minutes of north latitude to a
point formed by its intersection with the crest of the Rocky Mountains ; thence following the
crest of the Rocky Mountains northward till its intersection with the Bitter Root Mountains ;
thence northward along the crest of said Bitter Root Mountains to its intersection with the 30th
degree of longitude west from Washington ; thence along said 39th degree of longitude north
ward to the boundary line of the British possessions ; thence eastward along said boundary to
the 27th degree of longitude west from Washington ; thence southward along said 27th degree
to the place of beginning.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor GREEN CLAY SMITH Virginia City $2,500
Secretary JAMES TUFTS Virginia City 2,000
Treasurer W. J. BURKLEY Virginia City $700 and fees.
Auditor W. H. RODGERS Virginia City 700
Attorney General GEO. M. PINNEY Virginia City 200 "
SBC. Board of Agriculture W. E. CULLEN Helena 700 "
Supt. of Public Instruction T. J. CAMPBELL Virginia City 700 "
Adjutant General MOSES VEULE Virginia City
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and Probate Courts. The
Supreme Court is composed of one Chief Justice and two Associate Justices.
There is a Probate Court in each county but one. This court has civil juris
diction hi all cases where the amount in controversy is less than $2,500. The
laws exempt homesteads worth $3,000, farming tools and seeds to farmers,
and are equally liberal to other occupations.
* Estimated.
498 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, H. L. Hosmer, Virginia City. Associate Justices, H. Knowles, Deer Lodge ; Ly-
man E. Munson, Helena. Salary, $3,500 each.
TERMS OF SUPREME COURT.
At Madison, 1st Monday in April, June, September, and November. At Gallatin, 1st Monday
of May and October. At Beaver Head, 1st Monday of January, May, and November. At Mis-
soula, 2d Monday of June and October. At Edgerton, 2d Monday of April, August, and No
vember.
FINANCES.
Balance on hand Nov. 10, 1866, - - $283.87
Receipts from County Treasurers, 56,236.63
Total, $56,620.50
Payments for year ending November, 1867, - - - - 56,346.10
Balance in Treasury, November, 1867, $274.40
EXPENDITURES FOR 1867.
Payment on account of salaries of Territorial officers $875.00
Payment as per appropriation for transportation 500.00
Payment to Governor as per apportionment 400.00
Commissions on disbursements 889.73
Territorial warrants paid and canceled 53,231 .37
Miscellaneous 450.00
PUBLIC DEBT.
Outstanding warrants, November 10, 1867, - $52,538.25
Amount of warrants issued from Nov. 10, 1866, to Nov. 1, 1867, 58,248.22
Total, $110,786.47
Amount of warrants paid and canceled from Nov. 10, 1866, to
Nov. 2, 1867, - 53,231.37
Total indebtedness of the Territory of Montana, November, 1867, 57,555.10
EDUCATION.
The administration of the Public School System is in the hands of a Super
intendent of Public Instruction. This officer reports annually to the Governor,
by whom the facts communicated are submitted to the territorial Legislature.
County superintendents have charge of the schools and the local administra
tion of the system.
The returns have been very imperfect and exhibit no important fticts in re
gard to schools, except in Edgerton and Madison counties. In the former, at
the close of the year 1867, there were 1,920 persons between 4 and 21 years
of age; 3 school districts had been organized, and $3,541.02 raised for the
support of schools, of which $2,316.69 had been paid out. In Madison
county, there were 8 districts. In the 1st District (Virginia City), a school
was organized with two teachers, and maintained six months, at an expense
of $2,168.25. The whole number of pupils attending was 224, with an
average attendance of 124.
1869.] MONTANA TERRITORY. 499
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
Since the organization of this territory in 1864, immigration has been
steadily and rapidly increasing its population. During the year 1867, more
than forty steamers arrived at Fort Benton with passengers and freight, and
a large number of persons from the Eastern states and from California and
Oregon reached the territory by overland routes. The population has not
been definitely ascertained, but it was estimated at 60,000 in 1868. The vote
in 1867, was 12,000.
The office of Surveyor General in the territory of Montana was created by
act of Congress, approved March 2, 1867, and surveys commenced as soon
after as wras practicable. The place selected as the initial point of the sur
veys, was the summit of a limestone hill, about 12 miles south-west of the
junction of the three forks of the Missouri river. The base and meridian
lines from this point run through the principal valleys east of the mountains.
The land in the valleys is very fertile, yielding good crops when cultivated.
166,340 acres were under cultivation in 1867, producing fair crops of wheat
and other grains. Several large flouring mills have been erected, and are
doing a good business. The chief obstacle to successful agriculture is the
necessity of irrigation, but the great extent of rich grazing lands affords ex
cellent facilities for stock raising. Timber and building materials are found
in nearly all portions of the territory.
In mineral wealth, recent discoveries indicate that Montana will equal the
most favored regions. Silver lodes of astonishing richness have been dis
covered, and much capital has been invested in building mills and furnaces
for their development.
The first silver mines discovered were on Rattle Snake Creek, opposite the
town of Argenta. About the same time, silver was found on Prickly Pear
Creek, and in other places in the western part of the territory. Great activ
ity has been manifested in developing the lodes and in building mills.
The first placer mines were discovered in 1862, on the Hell Gate River.
The product of these mines and of others discovered that year and the next
was so good that an impetus was given to mining operations, which has re
sulted in the rapid development of the placer diggings and the extraction of
a large amount of gold dust. Most of the placer mines are on the head
waters of the Missouri, Columbia and Yellow Stone rivers, within the paral
lels of 45° and 47° and between longitude 33° and 37° west from Washington.
The product of these mines in 1867 was estimated at $20,000,000. A large
amount of money has been expended in the construction of ditches and pre
parations for future operations.
A gold-bearing lode was first discovered at Bannock, in 1862; this was fol
lowed by other discoveries in that vicinity ; since that time a large number
of quartz lodes have been taken up and opened in different parts- of the ter
ritory ; some of these are very rich.
The quartz is easily worked and yields largely, and much capital has been
invested in mining enterprises. Several companies have been organized, and
mills and machinery have been brought in and put in operation.
500 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Coal has been found on the Big Hole river, about sixty miles from Bannock
City; on the east side of the Madison river; and at Summit District, near
Virginia City. These mines are bituminous, and the seams do not exceed three
or four feet in width, as far as known. Coal also exists on the head of the
Yellowstone river. Brown coal, or lignite, is found in great quantities on
the banks of the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers, valuable as common fuel,
but of no great value for manufacturing purposes. It is also found on the
head waters of the Seton and Marias rivers, branches of the Missouri.
Lead ores occur in profusion, both as galenas and as carbonate of lead, in
nearly all districts of the territory. These will not be worked at present, ex
cept when accompanied by silver. All the galenas are so accompanied, and
generally in paying quantities of the latter metal.
Copper lodes are abundant, showing at the surface ores ranging from 15 to
00 per cent, of metallic copper. These when located near the Missouri river
may be immediately made profitable. The distance of this territory from
the older states and commercial cities and the great expense of freight are
serious obstacles to the full development of its resources.
Assessed. Value of Property, 1867. Number of acres of land under cultivation, 166,-
340; value, $314,578; 822 town lots, valued at $827,919; capital employed in merchandise, $1,-
102,547; money and credits, $546,502; valuation of horses, $171,217 ; mules and asses, $221,488,-
oxen, $549,794; cows and calves, $255,072 ; sheep, $15,430; swine, $48,834; clocks, watches, etc.,
$42,959 ; all other property not enumerated, $758,698 ; making a total of $6,308,118.
Bank. There is one National Bank, with a capital of $200,000.
45. NEW MEXICO.
Capital, Santa Fe. Area, 121,201 square miles. Population, (1860), 83,009.
New Mexico was early settled by the Spaniards. It remained a Mexican
province until conquered from Mexico and ceded to the United States by the
treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, Feb. 2, 1848. It was constituted a territory,
with a portion of Upper California and Texas, Sept. 9, 1850.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor ROBERT B. MITCHELL Santa Fe $3,000
Secretary HERMAN H. HEATH 2,000
Purveyor of Public Funds BENJAMIN C. CUTTER 3,000
Supt. of Indian Affairs L. E. WEBB 2,000
The above officers are appointed by the President. The legislative power
of the territory is vested in the Governor and a Legislative Assembly com
posed of a Council and House of Representatives. The Council consists of
13 members, chosen by the people for two years, and the House of 26 mem
bers, elected annually.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District
Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court
consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, appointed by the
I860.] NEW MEXICO TERRITORY. <501
President of the United States, who hold their offices during a period of four
years. One term of the Supreme Court is held annually at the seat of the
Territorial Government. For District Court purposes, the territory is divided
into three Districts, in each of which one of the Justices of the Supreme
Court holds the sessions. The Supreme and District Courts have Chancery
as well as common law jurisdiction.
EDUCATION.
According to the census report of 1860, there were in this territory, 1 col
lege, with 170 students; 17 public schools, with 235 pupils, and 2 academies,
with 110 pupils. In 1866, out of a population of 93,516, there were 57,233
persons who could not read or write, and there were no free schools in the
whole territory, except those taught by the Sisters of Charity, from the bounty
of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Spanish is the invariable dialect used or spoken. The proceedings of
the Senate and House are carried on in this tongue, but are also printed in
English.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population of New Mexico is of a mixed character, but composed
mostly of domesticated nomad Indians, with an intermixture of Mexicans,
Spanish and Americans.
Mj.ich of the territory is sterile, and irrigation is necessary to successful
agriculture, but in the valleys of the Rio Grande and other streams, there is
a fair proportion of good soil, both for grazing and tillage. Horses, mules,
cattle, and sheep can graze all winter. Wheat, Indian corn, potatoes, and
some other vegetables, are successfully grown. Fruits are produced in
abundance. The hilly region lias a luxuriant growth of pine, oak and cedar,
and, along the streams and in the bottom lands, cotton-wood and willow are
common. Gold, silver and copper mines are numerous and valuable.
The Pinos Altos Mining Company has a quartz-crushing mill of fifteen
stamps in operation at the town of Pinos Altos. The quartz worked by it is
taken from the Pacific lode, and yields from $80 to $150 of gold per ton.
The cost of mining and delivering the ore at the mill is estimated at $8.50
per ton, and of reducing it, and separating the gold, at $3.
Numerous veins of silver ore have been discovered in the Sandia, Manzano,
San Andros, Mimbres, and Organ mountains. The greater part of the gold-
bearing quartz in New Mexico yields also more or less silver, which promises
ultimately to be the leading mining interest in this section of the Rocky
mountains. Copper seems to be a universal accompaniment of the precious
metals in this section ; traces of it are found in most of the veins of gold
and silver ore. Lodes and deposits of copper ore are reported to have been
discovered in the Taos, Jemez, Sandia, and Mimbres mountains.
Veins of bituminous coal have been found in the Raton, Sandia, and Jemez
mountains, near the Puerco river, west of Albuquerque, and in the vicinity
of Forts Craig, Stantftn, Selden, and Bayard. Anthracite coal of a superior
quality is also found near the Galisteo creek, about twenty miles south from
502 THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Santa Fe. Lead and iron are very common minerals throughout the territory.
Much of the lead has sufficient per centage of silver to pay for its separation ;
but as yet there is little domestic demand for lead, and the cost of transpor
tation to a foreign market would consume it ; there is, therefore, none mined
or smelted.
Almost the entire amount of salt used in New Mexico is obtained from
salt lakes on the plain, 50 to 60 miles east of the Rio Grande. The salt,
crystallized by the evaporation of the water by the sun, is deposited upon
the bottom of the lake, forming a crust several inches thick, and is shoveled
thence directly into the wagons, and dried by the sun. There are some im
purities mixed with it, which give it a dark appearance, but when leached,
or washed, it becomes white as snow. The supply seems inexhaustible.
46. UTAH TERRITORY.
Capital, Great Salt Lake City. Area, 88,056 square miles. Population, (1860), 40,273.
Utah was originally a part of Upper California. It was ceded to the Uni
ted States by treaty with Mexico in 1848, and erected into a territory, Sept.
9, 1850. It wras occupied mostly by wandering tribes until settled by the
Mormons in 1847. After their expulsion from their settlement ofNauvoo,
in Illinois, they emigrated to this territory, and having located on the borders
of the Great Salt Lake, assumed a provisional form of government, and gave
to their territory the name of the State of Deseret. In 1850, this form of
government was surrendered, and the name of the territory changed to Utah.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. APPOINTED FROM. SALARY.
Governs CHARLES DURKEE Wisconsin $2,500
Secretary of Territory EDWIN HIGGINS Michigan 1.800
U. S. Attorney CHARLES HEMPSTEAD California 2,500 and fees.
The Governor and Secretary are appointed by the President of the United
States for a term of four years. .
The Legislative Assembly is composed of a Council and House of Repre
sentatives and convenes annually at Great Salt Lake City, on the 2d Monday
in December. Term of session, forty days. The Council is composed of
13 members elected for two years. The House of Representatives is com
posed of 26 members, elected annually, on the 1st Monday in August. The
compensation of members and officers is $3.00 per day and mileage — $3.00
for every 20 miles of travel.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District
Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court
consists of one Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. The territory is
divided for judicial purposes into three judicial districts, in each of which a
regular term of the Supreme Court is held every year.
In the First District, at Monti, San Pete county, on the 3d Monday in October. In the Second
District, at St. George, Washington county, on the 1st Monday in February. In the Third Dis
trict, at Groat Salt Lake City, on the 2d Monday in March.
1869.] UTAH TERRITORY. 503
SUPREME COURT.
Chief Justice, John Wilson of Illinois. Associate Justices, Enos D. Hoge of Utah Territory ;
Thomas J. Drake of Michigan. Clerk, W. J. Appleby, Great Salt Lake City. Salaries of Judges,
$2,500 each.
FINANCES.
We have failed to receive the last report of the Auditor or Treasurer of
Utah, but we learn from Gov. Durkee's message in 1868, that the territory is
entirely free from indebtedness.
EDUCATION.
The University of Deseret is the principal educational institution in the
territory. Congress has granted certain avails of town sites, for the purpose
of establishing a school fund, but no regular system of public school educa
tion is yet in operation.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population in 1867 was nearly 120,000. It is composed mostly of a
religious sect who style themselves Latter Day Saints, and are popularly
known as Mormons.
A high and rugged spur of the Rocky Mountains, generally designated
the Wasatch Range, though in places known as the Bear and Uinta Moun
tains, traverses the territory from north to south. At the base of these
mountains, on the west, lies Great Salt Lake and the chain of valleys stretch
ing southward for 200 miles. The largest streams are the Green and Grand
rivers, which unite and form the Colorado. The general character of the
territory is that of mountain and desert. The arable land is not equal in
extent to that of the territories lying north of it, but the valleys are fertile
and produce some good timber, as do the slopes of the mountains. The
melting of the snow in the mountains affords in ordinary seasons, sufficient
water to irrigate the valleys.
The summers are very warm and dry ; the winters mild and open. The
soil, which, to a great extent, is formed of the mountain washings, con
sists principally of a gravelly loam, and is well adapted to the growth of
cereals. Wheat is the great staple product of the territory. In good seasons
the average yield per acre is about forty bushels. Oats, barley, rye, and flax
are cultivated with success ; all kinds of vegetables grow large and of a
superior quality. In Washington county, in the southern part of the terri
tory, large fields of cotton are cultivated. Apples, pears, peaches, apricots,
grapes and currants are produced in great abundance, and of superior quality.
Timber is scarce, and, being found only in the mountains, is difficult to obtain.
As a consequence, houses are costly and rents are proportionately high.
This territory possesses great advantages for the raising of stock. Horses,
cattle and sheep are usually healthy. During the summer months, they are
herded in large droves on the open plains, with but trifling expense; while
in winter they are easily kept, with a little care and attention.
In addition to flouring and other mills necessary for the support of the
territory, woolen and cotton factories are being established in different parts
504 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [ISM.
of the country for home supplies. Great Salt Lake City being near the sur
rounding mining districts of Montana, Idaho and Nevada, a ready market is
afforded for all the surplus products of the soil. The most important build
ings in this city are the temple and the tabernacle. The temple block is
forty rods square, and contains ten acres. The entire length of the temple
is one hundred and eighty-six and a half feet, including towers, and the
width ninety-nine feet. On the east or front end, there are three towers, and
corresponding to these arc three towers on the west or rear end. The north
and south walls are eight feet thick, clear of pedestal. The basement of the
main building is divided into many apartments, by walls all resting on broad
footings. There are four towers, one at each corner of the building, cylin
drical in shape, seventeen feet in diameter, within which stairs ascend, five
feet wide, with landings at the various sections of the building. The whole
house covers an area of 21,850 square feet. The massive blocks of stone on
which the foundations of the temple are built, are granite, hauled a distance
of nearly twenty miles. The Mormon tabernacle, built for the use of the
immense Mormon congregations which meet every Sunday to hear preaching,
stands on the temple block, wrest of the temple. It is oval in shape, two
hundred and eighty-two feet long by one hundred and thirty-two wide in the
clear. The height from floor to ceiling is sixty-five feet. Running length
wise of the building are forty-four pillars, averaging fourteen feet in height
and three feet thick. The entire tabernacle consumed one and a half million
feet of lumber in the building. The institutions of the country have been
principally under the control of the Mormons.
Bank. There is one National Bank, with a capital of $150,000.
47. WASHING-TON TERRITORY.
Capital, Olympia. Area, 69,994 square miles. Population, (1863), 12,519.
This territory was settled by emigrants from the Northern and Western
States. It was taken from the northern part of Oregon, " being all that por
tion of territory lying and being south of the 49th degree of north latitude,
and north of the middle of the main channel of the Columbia river from its
mouth to where the 46th degree of north latitude crosses said river near Fort
Wallah Wallah, thence east to Snake river ; being bounded on the north by
the straits of Juan de Fuca and British America, on the east by the territory
of Idaho, on the south by Oregon, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.'5 It
was organized as a territory, March 2, 1853.
GOVERNMENT.
OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY.
Governor MARSHALL F. MOORE Olympia $3,000
Secretary of State E. L. SMITH Olympia 2,000
Treasurer B. F. HARNED Olympia Fees.
Auditor J. M. MURPHY Olympia 500 and feey.
U. S. Attorney LEANDER HOLMES Vancouver 250 and lee-.
The Governor and Secretary arc appointed by the President of the United
States, and the Auditor and Treasurer are chosen under territorial authority.
I860.] WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 505
The Legislative Assembly consists of the Council and House of Represen
tatives, and convenes annually on the 1st Monday in December. The Council
is composed of nine members, elected for three years, and the House of Rep
resentatives is composed of thirty members, elected for one year.
JUDICIARY.
The Judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District
Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court
consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, who hold their offices
during a term of four years. One term of the Supreme Court is held annu
ally at the seat of the territorial Government, commencing on the 1st Monday
in January. For District Court purposes, the territory is divided into three
judicial districts, in each of which one of the Justices of the Supreme Court
holds the sessions. The Supreme and District Courts have chancery as well
as common law jurisdiction. For each of these districts, a territorial Prose
cuting Attorney is elected by the people for a term of two years, who receives
a salary out of the territorial treasury of $200 per annum and his fees.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT.
Judge, C. C. Hewitt, Olympia. Marshal, Win. Huntington, Cowlitz.
SUPREME COURT.
Cliief Justice, C. C. Hewitt, Olympia. Associate Justices, B. F. Dennison, Port Townsend ;
J. W. Wyche, Walla Walla. Salaries of Judges, $2,500 each ; of Marshal, $250 aiid fees.
TERMS OF DISTRICT COURTS.
First District, at Walla Walla, on the 4th Monday in April and 2d Monday in October. Second
District, at Vancouver, Clarke county, on the 4th Monday in May and 2d Monday in November.
Third District, at Olympia, Thnrston county, on the 1st Monday in February and 3d Monday in
July.
District Courts for the transaction of territorial business are held at Steilacoom, Pierce county,
on the 4th Monday in February and 3d Monday in August ; Port Townsend, Jefferson county,
on the 2d Monday in March and 1st Monday in September ; Pinkney City, Spokane county, on
the 2cl Monday in June ; and in the Third Judicial District, for hearing and disposing of Admi
ralty and Maritime cases, at Olympia, on the 1st Monday of every month except February, July,
and September ; at Port Townsend, on the 2d Monday in March and 1st Monday in September.
EDUCATION.
An act incorporating the " University of the territory of Washington "
was approved January 24, 1862. The term of office of the regents is three
years, and three are elected by the Legislature each year. The general Gov
ernment has (donated to the territory for the endowment of the university,
46.080 acres of unoccupied land, which, it is believed, will create a fund of
not less than $75,000. The university buildings are located at Seattle, King
county. In 1860, according to the United States census, there were 46 public
schools, with 879 pupils, $16,176 income, of which $5,957 was from taxation,
6 academies, with 159 pupils and $7,800 income.
POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.
The population in 1864 was estimated at 14,000, and in 1868, at 30,000.
The Cascade mountains divide the territory into the eastern and western
506 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
sections which differ from each other in climate, soil and natural and culti
vated products. Although occupying higher latitude than Oregon, the climate
of the western section is very similar to that state. It is said to resemble
also the climate of England, in the amount of rain fall, as well as in the range
of the thermometer throughout the year. Properly speaking, there are but
two seasons, the dry and the rainy. The grades of temperature and the
accompaniments which, in other countries of the same high latitude, are
usually associated with the four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter,
are here in great measure obliterated, or at least so dimly marked that the
seasons imperceptibly run into each other, and lose their distinctive line of
division. It is not unusual for the three winter months to be mild, without
snow or ice, the grass growing meanwhile. The rainy season proper begins
late in October or early in November, and may be said to continue till the
ensuing April. It frequently happens after the first rains that weeks of
weather similar to Indian summer occur, and it is seldom that one or the
other of the months of January, February or March does not prove continu
ously mild and clear. The summers of this territory are unsurpassed in the
world. While many clays are exceedingly warm, the nights are always cool
and refreshing, as if specially intended for wholesome sleeping.
The western section has an average width between the ocean and the Cas
cade mountains of 100 miles, and contains about 11,000,000 acres. The
products of this section are like those of the Willamette valley. All the
cereals, Indian corn exceptcd, succeed admirably, the wheat crops being equal
to those of the very best wheat-growing countries. In fruits, the apple, pear,
cherry, plum, strawberry, raspberry, gooseberry, blackberry, and currant, yield
abundantly. The grape succeeds with little trouble. The land in the valleys
is generally excellent, and west of the Cascade mountains, of extraordinary
fertility. Much not tillable is first rate for grazing, and all kinds of stock
thrive in either section of the territory. In the western part, but little dry
fodder is prepared, as the pasturage usually continues through the winter.
East of the Cascade mountains, the country is generally unoccupied, the
settlements being confined to several excellent valleys, as the Walla Walla,
Colville, Yakama, Columbia, and Palouse valleys. Walla Walla valley con
tains over a million acres of arable land, producing in abundance, grains,
fruits and vegetables, with a population of over two thousand, enjoying a
high degree of prosperity as a community, and making rapid progress in ag
riculture and manufactures. The Colville, Yakama, Columbia and Palouse
valleys possess much excellent land, adapted to the cultivation of products
similar to those raised west of the Cascade range. In all these valleys except
the Palouse, considerable tracts have been surveyed. The extent of grazing
tract in these valleys and in the hill country surrounding each, is large.
The extensive forests of pines, firs and cedars covering the Coast and
Sierra mountains in California, and the Coast and Cascade in Oregon, extend
into Washington, covering a large portion of the territory west of the Cas
cade mountains, the forest increasing in density and in amount of lumber
growing upon an acre of ground in its northern part. Fir trees two hundred
WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 507
and fifty and three hundred feet high, and six and seven feet in diameter, are
not at all uncommon. Masts for ships may readily be obtained, straight,
and without knots for more than 100 feet. Some of the mills on Puget
sound have capacity to turn out, daily, 100,000 feet of lumber, and the pres
ent export of the sound in prepared lumber, masts and spars, amounts in
value to over one and a half millions of dollars annually. Exports are made
to San Francisco, the Sandwich Islands, China, Japan, the Mexican and South
American ports on the Pacific, and even to the South American ports on the
Atlantic, and masts and spars are sent to France. Timber, although scarcer on
the east side of the mountains than on the west, is nevertheless sufficient for
all the purposes of domestic use, and in some portions sufficiently abundant
for exportation in large quantities.
Gold has been found on the Columbia river and in the northeastern part
of the territory, and mines have been worked about Port Colville, though
not with great profit. The appearance of veins and out-croppings of coal
in almost every section of the territory west of the Cascade mountains, indi
cates its very general distribution and inexhaustive supply. It is found on
the Columbia, upon streams flowing directly into the Pacific, and it appears
near the straits of Fuca. It is found in exhaustless fields back of Seattle, then
upon the Sto-lu-ana-mah, and at Bellingham Bay in the extreme north.
The fishing interest is destined to hold a prominence in the future com
merce of the territory. Salmon of the finest kind, cod, halibut, and other
fish are taken in its waters, and exist in quantities sufficient to meet the
demands of the most extensive trade. The commercial facilities are good.
The straits of Juan de Fuca and the gulf of Georgia, lying south and east
of Vancouver island, extend into the territory and ramify into numerous
straits, bays, inlets, sounds and estuaries, free from rocks and of depth suffi
cient for the largest vessels ; numerous bends are common, where the most
perfect protection may be found against winds or waves. Puget sound has
an average width of two miles, a depth never less than eight fathoms, and
runs inland in a southern direction one hundred miles from the straits of
Fuca. Hood's canal, twelve miles farther west, with an average width of one
mile, and an equal depth with Puget sound, runs sixty miles in a southwest
direction.
The Columbia courses through more than seven hundred miles, for the
greater part of which it is navigable. Snake river, during one-half of the year,
is navigable to Lewiston, and the waters of the sound furnish navigation of
many hundred miles at all seasons. The trade of the country, by way of Co
lumbia river, is carried up by steamers regularly plying to White Bluffs,
seventy miles above Wallula, which is situated at the mouth of the Walla
Walla river, twelve miles south of the confluence of the Snake river with
the Columbia river. The quantity of public lands to be disposed of in this
territory is equal to about 41,600,000 acres.
508 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
48. WYOMING- TERRITORY.
On the organization of Montana Territory, and the limitation of Idaho to
the districts west of the Rocky Mountains, a tract remained south of Mon
tana, which, for want of public organization, was annexed to Dakota. This
region, with small portions of Idaho and Utah, including in all about 88,000
square miles, was constituted a territory by an act of Congress, approved
July 25, 1868. The boundaries established by this act are as follows: com
mencing at the intersection of 27° longitude west from Washington with 45°
north latitude, and running thence west to 34° west longitude, thence south
to 41° north latitude, thence east to 27° west longitude, and thence north to
the place of beginning. It has, on the north, Montana; on the east, Dakota
and Nebraska ; on the south, Colorado and a small portion of Utah ; and on
the west, Idaho and the northern part of Utah, and includes seven degrees
of longitude and four degrees of latitude.
GOVERNMENT.
The act organizing the territory, provides that "The executive power
and authority shall be vested in a governor, who shall hold his office for
four years and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified, unless
sooner removed by the President of the United States, with the advice and
consent of the Senate. The governor shall reside within said territory, shall
be commander-in-chief of the militia thereof, shall perform the duties and
receive the emoluments of superintendent of Indian affairs, and shall ap
prove all laws passed by the legislative assembly before they shall take
effect, unless the same shall pass by a two-thirds vote, as provided in sec
tion six of the act."
There is to be a secretary, who will reside in the territory and hold his
.office for four years, unless sooner removed by the President of the United
States, with the consent of the Senate.
The legislative power and authority of said territory is to be vested in
the governor and legislative assembly. The legislative assembly will consist
of a council and house of representatives. The council will consist of nine
members, which may be increased to thirteen, whose term of service shall
continue two years. The house of representatives will consist of thirteen
members, which may be increased to twenty-seven, and whose term of service
shall continue one year. The governor is to receive an annual salary of
$2,000 as governor, and $1,000 as superintendent of Indian affairs, and the
secretary an annual salary of $1,800. The members of the legislative
assembly will be entitled to receive $4 each, per day, during their attendance
at the session thereof, and $3 for every 20 miles travel in going to and re
turning from the said sessions, estimating the distance by the nearest traveled
route. Every male citizen of the United States above the age of 21 years,
and (including persons who shall have declared their intention to become
citizens of the United States), who was a resident of the territory at the
time of the passage of the act, is entitled to vote at all subsequent elections,
1869.] WYOMING TERRITORY. 500
and is eligible to hold any office in the territory. The legislative assembly
can not at any time abridge the right of suffrage, or to hold office, on ac
count of the race, color, or previous condition of servitude, of any resident
of the territory : Provided, That the right of suffrage and of holding office
shall be exercised only by citizens of the United States, and those who shall
have declared on oath before a competent court of record their intention to
become such, and shall have taken an oath to support the Constitution and
Government of the United States.
JUDICIARY.
The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate
Courts, and Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief
Justice and two Associate Justices, any two of whom constitute a quorum,
and who hold a term at the seat of government of the territory annually.
They hold their offices for four years, unless sooner removed by the Pres
ident, with the consent of the Senate of the United States. The terri;
tory is divided into three judicial districts, and a district court is held in
each of said districts by one of the justices of the Supreme Court, at such
time and place as may be prescribed by law ; and said judges, after their ap
pointment, respectively, reside in the districts assigned them. The juris
diction of the several courts herein provided for, both appellate and original,
and that of the probate courts, and of the justices of the peace, is limited
by law ; the said Supreme and District Courts, respectively, possess chancery
as well as common law jurisdiction, and authority for redress of all wrongs
committed against the Constitution or lawTs of the United States or of the
territory affecting persons or property. Each district court, or the judge
thereof, appoints its clerk, who is also the register in chancery, and keeps
his office where the court is held. Writs of error, bills of exception, and
appeals are allowed in all cases from the final decisions of said district courts
to the Supreme Court, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law,
but in no case removed to the Supreme Court is trial by jury allowed in said
court. The Supreme Court, or the justices thereof, appoints its own clerks,
and every clerk holds his office at the pleasure of the court for which he has
been appointed.
The Supreme and District Courts, and the respective judges thereof, may
grant writs of habeas corpus in all cases in which the same are grantable by
the judges of the United States in the District of Columbia; and the first
six days of every term of said courts, or so much thereof as is necessary, are
appropriated to the trial of causes arising under the constitution and laws
of the United States ; and writs of error and appeals in all such cases are
made to the Supreme Court of said territory, the same as in other cases.
There is to be an attorney, who continues in office for four years, unless
sooner removed by the President, with the consent of the Senate. There is
also a marshal appointed for the territory, who holds his office for four years,
unless sooner removed by the President, witli the consent of the Senate, and
who executes all processes issuing from the courts when exercising their
510 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
jurisdiction as circuit and district courts of the United States. Salaries of
Supreme judges, $2,500 each. The sum of one thousand dollars annually is
appropriated for the incidental expenses of the territory.
CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY.
The Rocky Mountains pass through the western part of this territory in a
diagonal direction from north-west to south-east. The Rattle Snake and
Big Horn Mountains, also in the northern and western part, and the Black
Hills in the eastern part, render much of the surface broken, but there are
fertile valleys adapted to grain and grass which may be made quite produc
tive when well cultivated. Important gold mines have been discovered in
the valley of the Sweetwater, near the Wind river, and in some other locali
ties. More than a hundred lodes have been located. The great mineral belt
in which the mines are found, extends from Fremont's Peak south to the
junction of Grand and Green rivers. There seems to be little doubt that the
foot-hills of the Wind River Mountains are equally auriferous.
A population of several hundred passed the winter in the vicinity of the
mines ; a newspaper has been started, and the evidences of civilization begin
to be seen. The line of the Pacific Railroad crosses this territory ; when
completed, or within a few months, this road will aiford excellent facilities
for the transportation of produce and minerals, and enable immigrants to
reach the territory more easily. It was estimated that there were at least
5,000 inhabitants around Fort Laramie and in the vicinity of the Pacific
Railroad in 1868.
49. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Area, 55 square miles. Population, (18G7), 12(5,990.
The District of Columbia originally embraced an area ten miles square,
situated on both sides of the Potomac, about 160 miles from its mouth, and
at the head of tide-water. It was ceded to the General Government by the
States of Maryland and Virginia in 1788-9 ; was accepted in 1790, and has
been used since 1800 as a seat of government for the United States. That
portion of the district lying west of the Potomac was retroceded to Virginia
by an act of Congress, approved July 9, 1846. Since then, the district is
limited to the county of Washington, east of the Potomac, within which are
the cities of Washington and Georgetown. Each of these cities has a muni
cipal government of its own, with power to lay and collect taxes for muni
cipal purposes; but the district, as a whole, is subject to the exclusive
legislation of Congress.
JUDICIARY.
The Supreme Court of the District of Columbia was established by act of
Congress, approved March 3, 1863, when the former Circuit Court, District
Court, and Criminal Court of the District were abolished. The Supreme
Court consists of four Justices, (one of whom is designated the Chief Jus
tice), appointed by the President of the United States, and who hold their
1869.] DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 511
offices during good behavior. It has general jurisdiction in law and equity,
and the Judges possess and exercise the powers and jurisdiction formerly
possessed and exercised by the Judges of the Circuit Court of the dis
trict. Any one of the Judges may hold a District Court, with the same
powers, etc., as other District Courts of the United States ; and any one of
the Judges may hold a Criminal Court for the trial of crimes and offenses
committed within the district, with the same powers, etc., as the old Crim
inal Court. Any final judgment, order, or decree of the court may be reex-
amined, and reversed or affirmed in the Supreme Court of the United States,
on writ of error or appeal. The Supreme Court of the district has appellate
jurisdiction of all judgments of Justices of the Peace, and has power to re
move said Justices of the Peace for cause. Three general terms of the court
are held annually at Washington.
SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Chief Justice, David K. Cartter. Associate Justices, Abram B. Olin, George P. Fisher, Andrew
Wylie. Clerk, Return J. Meigs. Marshal, D. S. Gooding. District Attmwey, Edward C. Car-
rington. Salaries of Judges, $3,000 each.
WASHINGTON.*
The city of Washington (at first known for a short period as Federal City)
extends from north-west to south-east, about four and a half miles, with a
breadth of about two and a half miles, and a circumference of fourteen
miles. The streets running north and south are designated by numbers,
commencing at North Capitol street and South Capitol street (which run
north and south from the Capitol), and extending east and west to the boun
dary line. The streets running east and west are designated by letters, begin
ning at East Capitol street, and a line running west to the Potomac, opposite
the centre of the Capitol. These lettered streets read north and south to V.
and W. The avenues are named from the older states. The streets vary in
width from 70 to 100 feet, with one exception (K. street north), and the
avenues from 120 to 160 feet. The total area of avenues and open spaces is
3,604 acres, and of public reservations, exclusive of 10, 11, and 12, (since
used for other purposes), 513 acres. The whole area of squares is 131,684,-
176 feet, or about 3,016 acres.
The city was incorporated by an act of Congress, May 3, 1802, and is at
present divided into seven wards. The squares are numbered from north to
south, commencing on the west and progressively extending towards the
east, the highest numbers in the original survey being 1,146. When selected
as the site for a city, the grounds now included within the corporation were
occupied as improved farms, and devoted to the culture of corn, tobacco and
wheat. The city of Georgetown, separated from Washington by Rock Creek,
was originally laid out under an act of the Colonial Assembly of Maryland,
dated May 15, 1771. It was incorporated as a town in 1789, and forms but
one ward.
* We are indebted to Hon. Henry Barnard, Commissioner of Education, Waterson's Guide to
Washington, and the Congressional Directory, for a part of the facts relating to Washington.
512 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
CAPITOL — OTHER BUILDINGS.
The Capitol fronts the east, and stands on a plateau ninety feet above the
level of the Potomac, in latitude 38° 55' 48" north and longitude 77" I' 48"
west from Greenwich.
The south-east corner-stone of the original building was laid on the 18th
of September, 1793, by President Washington, aided by the freemasons of
Maryland. It wras constructed of sandstone from an island in Acquia creek,
Virginia, painted white, under the direction of B. S. Hallctt, and afterwards
of B. H. Latrobe, architects. The north wing was finished in 1800 and the
south wing in 1811, a wooden passage way connecting them. On the 24th
of August, 1814, the interior of both wings was destroyed by British incen
diaries, but they were immediately rebuilt. In 1818 the central portion of
the building was commenced under the architectural superintendence of
Charles Bultinch, and the original building was finally completed in 1827P
Its cost, including the grading of the grounds, alterations, and repairs, up
to 1827, was $1,746,718.33.
The corner-stone of the extension to the Capitol was laid on the 4th of
July, 1851, by President Fillmore, Daniel Webster officiating as orator of the
day. Thomas U. Walter was architect, and subsequently Edward Clark,
under whose direction the work was completed in November, 1867. The
material used for the extensions is white marble from the quarries at Lee,
Massachusetts, with white marble columns from the quarries at Cockeysville,
Maryland.
The dome of the original central building was constructed of wood, but
was removed in 1856 to be replaced by the present stupendous structure of
cast-iron, which was completed in 1865. The entire weight of iron used is
8,009,200 pounds.
The main building is three hundred and fifty-two feet four inches long in
front and one hundred and twenty-one feet six inches deep, with a portico
one hundred and sixty feet wide, of twenty-four columns on the east, and a
projection of eighty-three feet on the west, embracing a recessed portico of
ten coupled columns. The extensions are placed at the north and south
ends of the main building, with connecting corridors, forty-four feet long by
fifty-six feet wide, flanked by columns. Each extension is one hundred and
forty-two feet eight inches in front, by two hundred and thirty-eight feet
ten inches deep, with porticos of twenty-two columns each on their eastern
fronts, and with porticos of ten columns on their ends and on their western
fronts. The entire length of the building is seven hundred and fifty-one
feet four inches, and the greatest depth, including porticos and steps, is three
hundred and twenty -four feet. The area covered by the entire building is
one hundred and fifth-three thousand one hundred and twelve square feet.
The dome is crowned by a bronze statue of Freedom, modeled by Craw
ford, which is nineteen feet six inches high, and which weighs 14,985 pounds.
The height of the dome above the base-line of the east front is two hundred
and eighty seven feet eleven inches ; the height from the top of the balus
trade of the building is two hundred and seventeen feet eleven inches ; and
1869.] DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 513
the greatest diameter at the base of the dome is one hundred and thirty-five
feet five inches.
The rotunda is ninety-five feet six inches in diameter, and its height, from
the floor to the top of the canopy, is one hundred and eighty feet three
inches.
The Senate chamber is one hundred and twelve feet in length, by eighty-
two feet in width, and thirty feet in height. Its galleries will accommodate
one thousand persons.
The Representatives' Hall is one hundred and thirty feet in length, by
ninety -three feet in width, and thirty feet in height.
The Supreme Court room was occupied by the Senate until December,
1860, the court having previously occupied the room beneath, now used as a
law library.
The other principal public buildings are, — The Executive Mansion ; the
Treasury Building ; the War and Navy Departments ; the Interior Depart
ment, in which is located the Patent Office, the General Post Office, the Agri
cultural Department, and the Smithsonian Institution. In addition to the
above, there is a Navy Yard, a National Observatory, a National Printing
Office, an Armory, an Arsenal, a Penitentiary, a Military Asylum, the Colum
bian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, and a Hospital for the In
sane, with several Churches, Hotels, Libraries, and Charitable establishments.
The parks or open grounds of the city are spacious, generally kept with
care, and to some extent interspersed with fountains and statues ; and the
place is amply supplied with pure water, brought about 12 miles, by an ex
tensive aqueduct, from the Great Falls of the Potomac.
The total number of buildings in November, 1867, was 23,095, of which 20,437 were used aa
dwellings ; the other buildings may be classified as follows,— Government buildings, including
the capitol and departments, 7 ; other government buildings and establishments, 6; Scientific
institutions— Smithsonian Institution, Naval Observatory and Medical Museum, 3 ; asylums and
homes for destitute, 8; hospitals, 11 ; soldiers' barracks, 20; police stations and offices, 0; city
buildings— city hall and jail, 2; banks, 7 ; halls. 23; depots, 2. Places erected for religious
worship— Baptist, 5; Baptist, colored, 3; Congregational, 1; German Lutheran, 1; Jewish
Synagogue, 1 ; Methodist, 5 ; Methodist, Episcopal, 3 : Methodist Protestant. 2 ; Methodist (col
ored), 2 , New Jerusalem, 1 ; Presbyterian, 5; Presbyterian (colored), 1 ; Protestant Episcopal,
4; Roman Catholic, 4; other Churches, 19; total, 57.
CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The principal charitable and penal institutions under the superintendence
and direction of the Government are, the Hospital for the Insane, the Colum
bian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, and the Jail.
The Government Hospital for the Insane was established under authority
of an act of Congress, March 3, 1855 ; its objects as declared in the act, are
"the most humane care and enlightened curative treatment of the insane of
the army and navy, and of the District of Columbia." All indigent insane
residing in the district are entitled to its benefits.
The Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind was established
by a private corporation, but receives aid from the General Government.
The Collegiate Department was organized in 18G4; the act of Congress of
«JO
514 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1SC9.
March 2, 1867, made provision for the free entrance into this department of
poor deaf mutes, from any of the states and territories.
In view of the insecure and crowded condition of the jail, and its imfitness
in every respect as a proper place of confinement. Congress has authorized
the construction of a building of adequate dimensions. A location has been
selected, and plans adopted.
Government Hospital for the Insane. CHARLES H. NICHOLS, M. D., Superintendent.
Number of patients under treatment,' June 30, 1867, was — males, 188; females, 92; total, 280:
number admitted during the year — males, 119; females, 33; total, 152. an excess over the last
year of 43 ; number admitted from civil life, 82, an excess over last year of 33 ; number dis
charged, 76 ; of whom 63 were restored, 8 improved, 5 unimproved : number of deaths, 27 ; num
ber remaining, June 30, 186S, 344. Number treated since institution was opened, 1,404, of whom
there were natives of this country, 1,145. Expenditures for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868,
$114,035.81.
Columbia Institute for the Deaf and Dumb. EDWARD M. GALLAUDET, President.
Number of pupils in institution, Oct. 28, 1867, 104 ; number of pupils admitted durinjr the year,
22. . Number of pupils in 18G7, in the college — juniors. 4; sophomores, 5 ; freshmen. 7; in the
preparatory class — males, 17 ; females, 1 ; total, 18 ; in the primary department — males, 50 ; fe
males, 33 ; total, 83.
United States Jail. WM. H. HUESTIS, Warden. Number of commitments during 1866-7,
1,241. Crimes for which committed — murder, 10; assault with intent to kill, 52; assault and
battery, 118; robbery, 29; burglary, 59; larceny, 702; horse stealing, 33; security to keep the
peace, 60; obtaining money and goods under false pretences, 24 ; miscellaneous, 154. Daily
average number of prisoners during the year, 86 ; number sent to Albany. 79 : number sentenced
to jail, 89 ; number in prison, Nov. 1, 1867, 113 : of whom there were — men, white, 33 ; colored,
55 ; females — white, 9 ; colored, 9 ; boys — white, 1 ; colored. 6. Expenditures for year closing
Nov 1, 1867, $30,736.48.
POPULATION.
The population of the District as returned by the United States Census at
diiferent periods, was as follows :
White. Free Colored. Slave. Total. Inc. per cent.
1800 10,066 783 3,244 14,093
1810 10,345 1,572 3,554 15,471 70.40
1820 16,467 2,854 4,520 23,841 37.53
1830 21,152 4,604 4,505 30.261 20.57
1840 23,925 6,499 3,120 33,544 9.74
1850 37,941 10,059 3,687 51,687 18.24
1860 60,764 11,131 3,185 75,080 45.26
The total population of the District of Columbia, as ascertained by the
Commissioner of Education, November 11, 1867, was 126,090; of whom 44,-
803 were white males; 43,524 white females; 17,654 colored males; and
21,009 colored females. General total by sex— 62,457 males, and 64,533 fe
males, or very nearly 49.2 per cent, of the former and 50.8 per cent, of the
latter. The total number of whites was 88,327, or 69.55 per cent., and of
colored, 38,663, or 30.45 per cent, of the whole. The population may also
be classified as follows :
Civil Condition. Males— single, whites, 27,310; colored, 10,471; total, 37.781; females-
single, whites, 23,838 ; colored, 11,610; total, 35.448 ; males— married, whites, 15.442: colored,
6,169; total, 21,611 ; females— married, whites, 15,189 ; colored, 6,500 ; total, 21.689; widowers-
whites, 1,131 colored, 431; total, 1,562; widows— whites, 3,853; colored, 2.319; total, 6,172.
Of those reported unknown, there are 920 white males ; 644 white females ; 583 colored males ;
and 580 colored females. The number of white married pairs reported as living together in
families, .was 14,147 ; and of colored, 5,509.
1869.] DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 515
Place Of Birth. Whites— District of Columbia, 33,536 ; Alabama, 39 ; Arkansas, 7 ; Cali
fornia, 58; Connecticut, 478; Delaware, 251 ; Florida, 41 : Georgia, 97: Illinois, 192; Indfana,
237; Iowa, 74; Kansas, 19; Kentucky, 175; Louisiana, 124 ; Maine, 523; Maryland, 10,154 ; Mas
sachusetts, 1,215; Michigan, 146 ; Minnesota, 33 : Mississippi, 52 ; Missouri, 123; Nebraska, 18 :
Nevada,!; New Hampshire, 400 ; New Jersey, 775; New York, 4,184; North Carolina, 129;
Ohio, 731; Oregon, 3; Pennsylvania, 4,575 ; Rhode Island, 130 ; South Carolina, 125; Tennessee,
147; Texas 40; Vermont, 429: West Virginia, 52 : Wisconsin, 98 : Territories, 16 ; total United
States, 67,041. Argentine Republic, 2 ; Austrian Empire, 53 ; Belgium, 24: Brazil, 4: Chili, 2;
Denmark, 25; East Indies (not specified), 8; Europe (not specified), 3; France, 212; Germany,
5,522; Greece,!; England, 1,787; Scotland, 402 ; Wales, 30; Ireland, 9,147 ; British Colonies,
272; total Great Britain and British Colonies, 11,638. Holland, 22 ; Italy, 192 ; Japan, 2; Mex
ico, 39; Nicaragua, 2; Portugal, 19 ; Russian Empire, 114 ; Spain and dependencies, 39; South
America (not specified), 4 ; Sweden and Norway, 36 : Switzerland, 131 : Turkey, 2: West Indies
(not specified), 13 ; total European, 17,757 ; total foreign, not European, 358 ; total foreign, 18,-
115. At sea, 30. LTnknown, 3,141.
Colored— District of Columbia, 10,552 ; Georgia, 105 ; Maryland, 10,006 ; North Carolina, 225 ;
Pennsylvania, 130 ; South Carolina, 129 ; Virginia, 12,805 ; other states, 456; Africa, 4; other
foreign countries, 86 ; unknown, 4,325.
Voters. Persons claimed the right of voting as follows : in the District of Columbia —
(whites,) 13,294; colored, 6,6-18; in Alabama, 3; Arkansas, 1; California, 20; Connecticut, 66;
Delaware, 22; Florida, 2; Georgia, 4; Illinois, 85; Indiana, 84; Iowa, 44; Kansas, 13; Ken
tucky, 22; Louisiana, 10; Maine, 85; Maryland, 537; Massachusetts, 159; Michigan, 59; Minne
sota. 17; Mississippi, 2; Missouri, 26; Nebraska, 5; Nevada, 1; New Hampshire, 64; New
Jersey, 113 ; New York, 773 ; North Carolina, 5 ; Ohio, 156 ; Oregon, 4 ; Pennsylvania, 783 ; Rhode
Island, 4 ; Tennessee, 17 ; Vermont, 47 ; Virginia, 215 ; West Virginia, 11 ; Wisconsin, 45 ; Terri
tories, 6; total United States, 23,452. Reported as disfranchised, 15.
Employments. The number of persons employed by the Government of the United
States, was reported as follows: As public officers, clerks, and in other literary and scientific
employments, 3,762; as artizans and skilled laborers, 1,555 whites and 56 colored; in other ca
pacities specified, 1,485 whites and 390 colored; in civil employments not otherwise described,
1,555 whites and 242 colored ; as soldiers and military officers, 1,679 whites and 13 colored ; in
the military service, indefinite, 2,374 whites and 70 colored; as naval officers, 30; in the naval
service, 650 whites and 51 colored ; total, 12,690 whites and 822 colored ; general total, 13,512.
In the administration or service of the local governments, 342. In the learned professions, the
numbers were reported as follows : Religion, 133; law, 193; medicine, 348 : literature, 70; art
and music, 217; education, 488 ; science. 175; as students, 255; under instruction (including
" students,"1 and also numbers who have other occupations reported), 16,504. Entertaining and
doiuoT personal service for man, 2,122 whites and 3,647 colored. Engaged in trade and finance,
2,052 whites and 98 colored; possessing and working land, 440 whites and 245 colored; engaged
about animals, 75 whites and 112 colored ; engaged in art and mechanical productions, employ
ing various matters in combination, 4,503 whites and 577 colored ; working and dealing in tex
tile fabrics and dress, 1,724 whites and 2,160 colored; working and dealing in articles of food
and drink, 1,402 whites and 186 colore.d; working and dealing in animal substances, 32 whites
and 12 colored ; working and dealing in vegetable substances, 140 whites and 51 colored ; work
ing and dealing in mineral substances, 1,492 whites and 283 colored; laborers and others not
included in preceding, 2,460 whites and 3,956 colored.
Persons under Instruction. The total number of persons reported as under instruc
tion, including children in public, private, and family schools, and students in commercial
schools, colleges, and theological institutions, was 16,505 ; of whom 6.555 were white males ;
6,302 white females ; 1,867 colored males ; and 3,647 colored females. The whole number over
15 years of age unable to read, was— whites, American, 869; German, 132; Irish, 697; other na
tionalities, 62; total, 1,760. Number unable to write— Americans, 1,009; German, 151; Irish,
916 ; other nationalities, 58 ; total, 2,134. Number of colored persons over 15 years of age un
able to read— Natives of,— District of Columbia, 1,578; Virginia, 6,138; Maryland, 3,601 ; other
states, 321; total, 11,638. Number unable to write— Natives of,— District of Columbia, 1,838;
Virginia, 6,141 ; Maryland, 4,238; other states, 348; total, 12,565.
Families. The number of families reported in the District is 23,495 ; of which, 7.241 are
composed entirely of colored persons. The total number in Washington is 20,073 ; in George
town, 2,054; and in the remainder of the District, 1,368. The average number of persons in a
family is 5.28 in Washington, 5.74 in Georgetown, 6.68 in the county, and 5.40 in the entire-
district.
516
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER,
50. NEW YORK CITY
Area of Manhattan Island, 13,920 acres.
[1869.
Population of the City, (1865), 726,386.
[The following condensed account of the municipal organization, institu
tions, corporations and wealth of -New York City may serve to convey to a
stranger some idea of the metropolis of the country.]
GOVERNMENT, 1869.
Mayor A. OAKEY HALL.
Corporation Counsel RICHARD O'GORMAN.
City Judge GUNNING S. BEDFORD, JR.
District Attorney S. B. GARVIN.
Register MICHAEL CONNOLLY.
Comptroller RICHARD B. CONNOLLY.
Street Commissioner GEORGE W. MCLEAN.
County Clerk CHARLES E. LOEW.
Sheriff JAMES O'BRIEN.
Recorder. .. .. .JOHN K. HACKETT.
BOARD OF ALDERMEN.
1st District ..................... JOHN MOORE. 10th District ................ THOMAS CONNOR.
3d
4th
5th
Gth
1th
8th
9th
................... THOMAS COMAN.
................. MICHAEL NORTON.
.................. EDWARD CUDDY.
.................... EUGENE WARD.
.................... HUGH O'BRIEN.
............... WILLIAM B. WHITE.
................ ANTHONY MILLER.
...DON ALONZO CUSHMAN.
llth JOHN HARDY.
12th " FREDERICK REPPER.
13th " JAMES E. COULTER.
14th " GEORGE MCGRATH.
15th " Vacant.
l&th " TERENCE FARLEY.
llth " JOHN McQuADE.
BOARD OP ASSISTANT ALDERMEN.
3d
4th
5th
6th
1th
8th
Wh
10th
llth
1st District JAMES HEALY.
2d " PATRICK LYSAGHT.
JAMES A. MONAGHAN.
BRYAN REILLY.
ISAAC ROBINSON.
LAWRENCE E. HILL.
JOHN HAMPSON.
EDWARD WELCH.
PETER CULKIN.
JOSEPH HOFFMAN, JR.
...CHARLES C. PINCKNEY.
12th District THOMAS F. DALY.
13th " PATRICK GIBNE Y.
14th " JOHN REILLY.
15th " : AUSTIN V. PETTIT.
16th " NICHOLAS HAUGHTON.
llth " GEORGE W. CREGJER.
16(h " BERNARD O'NEILL.
IMh " DAVID S. JACKSON, JR.
2Qth " JAMES CUNNINGHAM.
21st " ... STEPHEN ROBERTS.
WILLIAM M. TWEED.
JAMES HAYES.
ORISON BLUNT.
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS.
ISAAC J. OLIVER. SMITH ELY, JR. ANDREAS WILLMAN.
HENRY SMITH. JOHN BRICE. WALTER ROCHE.
JOHN Fox. GERSHON N. HERRMAN. ANDREW BLEAKLEY.
The city is divided into twenty-two wards, forming altogether seventeen
Aldermanic districts, and from each district, an Alderman is elected.
The Board of Assistant Aldermen is composed of twenty-one members,
one member being elected from each assembly district. Each Board elects
its own officers.
The Board of Supervisors consists of twelve members, and has charge of
all matters pertaining to the county of New York — the limits of which are
identical with those of the city.
The Commissioners of Charities and Correction are four in number, and
have charge of the public hospitals, asylums and prisons in the city, and of
the alms-houses, penitentiary, etc., on Blackwell's island and other islands
in the vicinity.
1869.] NEW YORK CITY. 5^7
The Executive departments are : The Mayor's office ; the Department of
Finance, subdivided as follows, viz.: The Comptroller's office; Bureau of
Taxes ; of Arrears ; of City Revenue ; of County Accounts ; of Deposit and
Disbursement (under charge of the City Chamberlain). The Street Depart
ment, subdivided into the following bureaus, viz. : Collection of Assessments ;
Wharves; Lands and Places; Repairs and Supplies; Roads; Street Improve
ment; Lamps and Gas. The Croton Aqueduct Department, subdivided into
the Bureau of Water Rents, and the Bureau of Pipes, Sewers, and Pavements.
The Law Department comprises the Corporation Counsel, the Corporation
Attorney, and the Public Administrator.
The Executive County Officers are : The County Clerk ; the Sheriff, as
sisted by an under Sheriff and twenty-two deputies ; the Register ; the Sur
rogate ; four Coroners, assisted by four deputies ; the Commissioner of Jurors ;
eight Commissioners of Emigration (including the Mayors of New York and
Brooklyn, and the President of the Irish and German Emigrant Societies,
Commissioners, ex-officio) ; the Tax Commissioners, three in number, with
twelve deputies ; the Bureau of Assessments, three Assessors ; and the U. S.
Loan Commissioners, two in number.
The Commissioners of the Central Park are eight in number. They have
the sole control and direction of matters pertaining to the Park, and hold
their appointments during the pleasure of the State Legislature.
The Metropolitan Police Department is in charge of four Commissioners,
whose power extends over the whole metropolitan district which includes
the counties of New York, Kings, Westchester and Richmond, and the towns
of Newtown, Flushing and Jamaica, in the county of Queens. The city
proper is divided into thirty-two police precincts, each of which is in charge
of a captain; and the city of Brooklyn into ten precincts; besides which
there are eight special precincts, making fifty in all. The force has one su
perintendent, four inspectors, forty-five captains, 178 sergeants, 93 door-men,
72 special police, and 2,234 patrolmen — in all, 2,650 men. Included in this
force is a Sanitary Squad, which acts under the directions of the Board of
Health ; and a squad detailed to each of the police courts. Fifty men, known
as the Central Park police, are detailed to the Central Park, sixteen to the
Atlantic Dock (Brooklyn), and six to Quarantine. There is also a Detective
force, in charge of a Chief; a house for the detention of witnesses, in charge
of a sergeant, and a River police (known as the 34th precinct), who are em
ployed on a steamer which sails up and down the rivers. A force of eighteen
surgeons is also attached to the Police Department. The total number of
arrests made by the force in 1868, was 78,451.
COURTS.
The Police Courts are four in number, located at the Tombs, Essex Market,
Jefferson Market, and Fifty-seventh street, near 3d avenue, at each of which
there are -two justices who alternate their labors weekly. There is also a
Court of Special Sessions, for the trial of minor offences, at which two justices
sit jointly, three days per week, at the Tombs.
518 THE AMERICAN YEAE-BOOK AND REGISTER. [i860.
The Criminal Courts of Record are the Oyer and Terminer, held by a Jus
tice of the Supreme Court — the terms commencing on the first Monday in
February, May, October and December; and the General Sessions, held
monthly, by the City Recorder and City Judge, alternately. The prosecu
tions on behalf of the People are conducted by the District Attorney who
has two assistants.
The Civil Courts are the Supreme Court (State), of five justices ; Superior
Court, six justices ; Court of Common Pleas, three justices ; Marine Court,
three justices ; and eight district courts for minor litigations, held by Justices
of the Peace, the city being divided into eight districts for that purpose.
The United States Courts sitting here are the Circuit Court for the Southern
District of New York, and the District Court. There are also six U. S. Com
missioners to hear preliminary examinations, etc. ; U. S. District Attorney,
and a U. S. Marshal.
Fire Department. The Metropolitan Fire Department is in charge of fonr Commissioners.
Its officers are a Chief Engineer, an Assistant Engineer, and thirteen engineers. The number
of engines belonging to the department is 40 (steamers) ; of hook and ladder apparatus, there
arc 15. Each engine company has a Foreman, assistant foreman, engineer of steamer, stoker,
driver, and seven firemen ; and to each hook and ladder company there are a Foreman, assistant
foreman, driver, and nine firemen, making the total force of the department 679 men. An
alarm telegraph, in charge of a superintendent and 3 operators, is attached to this department.
Board Of Health. The Metropolitan Board of Health is composed of six Sanitary Com
missioners, the Police Commissioners, and the Health Officer (in charge of the Quarantine).
It has under its control, a Sanitary Superintendent, an assistant, fourteen sanitary inspectors,
an engineer, two Registrars ol Records, a Counsel, and an Attorney. A squad of police, known
as the Sanitary company, consisting of a Captain, one sergeant and 34 patrolmen, also acts un
der its orders, and is charged with the duty of inspecting tenement houses, steam boilers, abat
ing nuisances, etc.
The inspection of buildings throughout the city is in charge of a Superintendent, a deputy
and 12 inspectors. No building can bo erected within the city limits unless the plan, so far as
strength and safety are concerned, is approved by this department.
The Croton aqueduct, supplies the city with water. The total length of main pipes is 313
miles and 3,045 feet; the number of buildings used either as dwellings or for business purposes
within the area of water distribution, is 66,925; the number of manufactories is 1,617; and of
churches, 307. The aggregated collections, of the Croton aqueduct department in 1868, were
$1,319,544.26.
EDUCATION, CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, &c.
The city is divided into seven school districts, in each of which are elected
three Commissioners, the term of service of one in each district expiring an
nually. These commissioners make up the Board of Education, and legis
late for the public educational interests of the city. Three Inspectors are
also elected in each of the above districts, whose terms of service expire in
the same manner as the commissioners. Six Trustees are elected in each
ward, who have the immediate care and control of the public schools therein.
There is also a city Superintendent of Public Schools, with three assistants.
The ward schools are 55 in number ; in addition to which there are 40 primary ; seven colored
schools, and two colored primary schools. The number of teachers (male and female) employed
in the white schools is 2,118; in the colored schools, 44. There is one free college also located
in the city, besides the University of the State of New York. The educational institutions of
a higher order, are— 1 University ; 5 Colleges, and 2 Theological Seminaries. The medical in-
Btitutions, colleges and associations number 16.
1869.] NEW YORK CITY. 5^9
Periodicals and Libraries. The number of periodicals in the city is 116: of which 21
are newspapers (17 of them daily), and 95 are magazines. There are 15 public libraries in the
city.
Churches. The total number of city churches is 331. Of these, there are Baptist, 30 ; Con
gregational, 7; Reformed Dutch, 17; Friends, 3; Jewish Synagogues, 28; Lutheran, 13; Meth
odist Episcopal, 43 : African Methodist Episcopal, 4; Presbyterian, 56 (divided as follows:
Orthodox, 43: United Presbyterian, 7; Associate Reformed Presbyterian, 1 ; Reformed Presby
terian, 5;) Protestant Episcopal, 64; Roman Catholic, 41 ; Unitarian, 4; Universalist, 3 ; Miscel
laneous, 18.
Charitable Institutions. The Public Hospitals are 14 in number, of which two are the
property of, and supported by the city. Of asylums, "homes," etc., for the indigent, there are
37 — 11 of which are orphan asylums, 3 Catholic, 3 Episcopal, 1 Hebrew, 2 belonging to the city,
1 an independent charity, and 1 for colored children. There are 11 dispensaries in the city.
Post Office. The Post Office Department includes, besides the general post office, 14 U. S.
Mail stations in various parts of the city, and 308 carriers. There are 585 lamp-post boxes, col
lections of letters therefrom being made ten times a day. There are nine deliveries per day.
There are about 7.000 boxes in the General Post Office in Nassau street.
Revenue Officers. The U. S. Custom House has a Collector, one Deputy, eight Assistant
Collectors, a Naval officer and three Assistants, a Surveyor and three Assistants, and a large
number of inspectors, appraisers, watchmen, etc. There is also in the city an Assistant Treas
urer, U. S. Asi'-ay Office, and a U. S. Lighthouse Establishment. The city is divided into seven
Internal Revenue districts, in each of which there is a Collector and an Assessor. The re
ceipts for Internal Revenue in six of these districts for the six months ending December 31,
1868, were as follows : 4th District, $1,518.701.03 : 5th District. $340,956.44 : 6th District, $804.-
247.77; 7th District, $642.404.53 ; 8th District, $2,803,925.87 ; 32d District, $4,002,579.02: total for
the six districts, $10,112,814.66.
Military. The U. S. Military Department of the East has its headquarters at the corner of
Houston and Greene streets. The sub-departments are the Quartermaster's, the Medical, the
Pay Department, the Subsistence and Ordnance departments. The U. S. Navy Department has
also a disbursing office in the city. Four brigades of infantry and artillery and one of cav-alry
of the New York State National Guard, are located in the city, in charge of a Major General com
manding. The first brigade comprises five regiments: the second, seven ; the third, six ; and
the fourth, six ; in all twenty-four regiments, with a total force of about 20,000 men. There are
two regular state arsenals and fourteen armories, used for drills and the keeping of arms and
accoutrements.
Banks. There are in the city 58 National Banks issuing circulating notes. Their aggregate
capital is $73,059,700. Of State Banks there are 14. Aggregate capital, $10.382.500. Of Savings
Banks, 28. The condition of the Banks October 5, 1868, and January 4, 1869. was as follows :
Liabilities Oct. 5. 1868. Liabilities Jan. 4, 1869. Comparisons.
Capital $84.020,200 $84,003,616 Decrease, $16,584
Net Profits 30.a36,059 29.477,170 Decrease, 858,889
Circulation 34,947,002 ... 35,110,641 Increase, 163,639
DueBanks 57,250,341 57.567,349 Increase, 317,008
Due Depositors 152,439,713 146,913,413 Decrease, 5,526,300
Unpaid Dividends 357,183 2,262,642 Increase, 1,905,459
Total $359,350,498 $355,334,831 Decrease, $4,015,667
Besources Oct. 5, 1888. Resources Jan. 4, 1869. Comparisons.
Loans and Discounts $189,140,262 $187,101,591 Decrease, $2,038,671
Stocks 68,452.134 63,683,736 Decrease, 4,768,398
Real Estate 7,713,708 7,867,241 Increase, 153,533
Due from Banks 14,881,969 14,989,417 Increase, 107,448
Cash items and Bank notes. 3,100,303 3,920,864 Increase, 820,561
Specie 12,162,304 24,454,661 Increase, 12,292,357
Legal Tenders -... 63,674,319 53,134,586 Decrease, 10,539,7&3
Overdrafts 225,499 182,735 Decrease, 42,764
Total $359,350,498 $355,334,831
Insurance Companies. There are in the city 94 Fire Insurance Companies, with an ag
gregate capital of $28,035,000, besides 35 agencies of foreign Companies. Of Life Insurance
Companies there are 32, with an aggregate capital of $48.355,0(;0, and 13 agencies of foreign
520 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Companies. The Marine Insurance Companies are ten in number— Capital, $15,000,000 ; foreign
agency, 1.
Miscellaneous. The city has 384 regular Manufacturing Companies, and 202 Mining Com
panies. There are also 195 miscellaneous Manufacturing Companies. There are 43 Petroleum
Companies, with an aggregate capital of $50.175,000. The Trades' organizations number about
150, with a membership of about 35.000. The City Railroads are 13 in number. The Social Clubs
number 22. The Ferries connecting the city with its surroundings number 22. Of these, 11 ply
between New York and Long Island, 7 between New York and New Jersey, 2 between New
York and Staten Island, 3 between New York and other points. The whole number of passen
gers carried by these ferries in 1S6S, was 82,321,274.
The imports to New York for three years ending June 30, 1868, were as follows :
1865-6. 18G6-7. 1867-8.
Dry Goods $137,055,834 $103,407,278 $77,264,182
General Merchandise 166.825,929 166,424.629 160.670,320
Specie and Bullion 2.251,644 9,954,539 5.788,543
Total imports $306.133.407 $279,78(5,446 $213,723.045
Revenue from customs $132,625.518.65 $119,886.260.72 $110,182,050.09
The exports from New York to foreign ports for the same time, were :
1865-6. 1866-7. 1867-8.
Domestic produce $210.352.823 $173,549,691 $166,163.863
Foreign Merchandise, free 762.633 534,927 553.666
dutiable.. 4,323,375 6,152.659 7,840,890
Specie and Bullion 67,870.354 44.3(56,932 76,809,386
Total Exports $273,399,185 $224.604.209 $250,867,805
Total, exclusive of specie 215.438,a31 180.237,277 174,558,419
The number of arrivals during the year 1868, were :
NATIONALITY. 8te»mers. Shift. Barks. Brigs. Schooners. Total.
American 204 223 359 535 774 2.095
British 355 102 378 771 426 2,032
North German 109 49 152 63 6 379
Italian 3 40 32 3 78
Norwegian 3 71 20 94
Danish 9 26 3 38
French 26 2 1 29
Dutch 10 15 4 29
Swedish 2 8 11 21
Spanish 1 3 4 1 9
Portuguese 3 2 3 8
Austrian 2 7 6...., 15
Argentine 2 2
Brazilian 6 3 9
Haytien 2 2
Venezuelan 2 2
Russian 1 10 11
All others , 1 2 3 2 8
Total 694 390 1,055 1.499 1,223 4,861
The total number of arrivals was 185 more than in 1867, and the number of American vessels,
291 greater.
The taxable property of the city and county of New York in 1867, was $830.594,713.
The aggregate amount of appropriations required to be made for the county government of
New York for 1869, is estimated by the Comptroller as follows :
The Legislative Department $378.650 State Taxes $4.629,597
The Executive Departments 4,790.532 Miscellaneous 386,688
The Judiciary 701,245
Total $10,886,712
The receipts of the general fund for the year 1869, are estimated at $80,000 ; the amount to be
raised by taxation for county purposes in 1869, including the amount of the quota of the county
1869.]
NEW YORK CITY.
for State taxes is $10,806,712. The purposes for which the foregoing estimates are made may he
classified as follows, viz :
State taxes $4,629,597
Interest on the county debt 1,141,481
Redemption of the county debt 452,900
College of the City of New York 125,000
The amount required by the laws of the State to be raised in this county for the following in
stitution!', is as follows :
Metropolitan Board of Health $110,186
Metropolitan police 2,727,365
Election expenses 90,000
Asylum for Idiots $570
Children's Aid Society 40,000
Deaf and Dumb Asylum 12,648
Institution for the Blind 7,702
New York Juvenile Asylum 75,000
Nursery and Child's Hospital 11,000
Society for the Protection of Destitute
Roman Catholic Children . . ... 110.000
Magdalen Female Benevolent Asylum.. 2,000
New York State Lunatic Asylum 2,768
Salaries — Legislative Department 38,300
Executive Departments 227,300
Judiciary 557,745
General expenses of county govcrnm't .525,150
Total $10,886,712
The following statement exhibits the amount of tax levied in 1868, and the estimate of the
amount required for 1869:
Am' t of Tax levied in 1808. Estimate of Taxation in 1869.
For the State $5,564,42(5 $4,029,597
For City purposes, including boards and commissions. . 10,873,046 9,987,284
For county purposes, including boards and commissions.. 7,082,787... 6,177,115
Total $23,520,259
To supply deficiencies arising from erroneous assess
ments, insolvencies, &c 627,634
Total $24,147,893
$20.793,996
600,000
$21,393,996
POPULATION.
The population of the city at different dates was as follows :
1656 1,000
1696 4,302
1756 10,381
1773 21.876
1800... ...60,489
1820 123.706
1825.
1835
1840.
. 166,089
.202,589
.268,089
.312.710
1845....
1850. . . .
1855....
1860...
371,223
515,547
629,810
.813,669
The immigration for 1867 was as follows : from
1865 736,386
185
142
97
87
79
44
42
Total 242,371
The accespions from Canada were larger than any former year, but as they came across the
border they are not shown in this table. The total immigration for 1868, was 213,686.
The city and county of New York is represented in the State Legislature
by five Senators and twenty-one Members of the Assembly. Six Members
of Congress are elected from the city.
Germany
117,591
Russia
Ireland
65.134
Wales
England
.. 33 712
South America
Scotland
6,315
Japan
Svedeu
... . 4 843
Portugal
Switzerland
3,985
Australia
France
3204
Canada
Holland
. . 2,156
Mexico
Belgium
1 623
Nova Scotia
Denmark
1 372
China
Italy .
1 632
Norway
309
Poland
268
Turkey
West Indies
214
East Indies
Spain
203
Africa. ..
522
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
COMPARATIVE PRICES OF STAPLE ARTICLES IN THE K Y. MARKETS.
The prices arc taken from the market reports on the first day of January in each year, from
1865 to 1869, inclusive.
ARTICLES.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
Ashes . . .
$12 00al3 00
$9.00all.OO
$8.00al2 25
$8 25alO 50
$7 75a 9 12*
Beef Mess
20 00o22 00
20 00a24 00
17 00o21 50
14 00a21 00
11 0(k/20 00
Beeswax
.70a .72
.48a .49
37.0 .38
.39o .40
.41o 42
Bricks, per M
13.5()ol4 50
11 50al2 50
10 00ol6 00
Candles, Adamantine
Sperm and Patent
Coffee, Brazil
.32a .3*5
.45a .55
.42a 46
.230 .26
.42a .52
.17a .20*
.210 .23
.380 .50
.15o .18
.210 .24
.450 .62*
lla 17
.210 .23
.48o .58
13a 17*
Copper, Am. Ingot
Yellow Metal
Cotton Ordinary.
.480 .49
.50a .65
1 05
.41c .43
.35a .o5
.42
.260 .27
.300 .43
.320 .33
.20o .21
.260 .33
14o 15
.230 .24
.33
23a 24
Middling
Flour and Meal. Wheat*... .
Rye
1.20
10.10alO.30
8.50a 9.25
.52a .53
8.40o 8.60
5.50a 6.00
.35
10.75ol2.30
6.300 7.75
.15o .16}
10.28olO.70
7.5()o 9.50
.2Ha .27
6.90o 7.25
5.50<r 8.00
Corn
Fish, Cod
7.60a 7.75
8.25a 9.25
4.25
7.00a 9.25
5.100 5.20
6.000 7.75
6.10o 6.20
4.00o 6.00
4.90o 5.00
7 25o 8 00
Grain, Com
l.Soa 2.00
.93a .98
1.05a 1.1*
1.37o 1.41
.92a 1.10
Oats
l.GOa 1.09
.61a .63
.64o .69
.84o .88
.75o .78
Rye
1.70a 1.85
1.04a 1.15
1.15o 1.28
1 75o 1 80
1 55a 1 62
Wheat
2.35a 2.70
2.30a 2.80
3.00a 3.50
2.30o 3.35
1.50o 2.30
Hemp, Am. Dressed p. ton.
Hide*
32a .36
3.250 3.35
16a 19
3.800 3.90
17a 22
2.250 4.00
18o 19*
2.75o 3.15
22a 23*
Hops
Iron, Scotch Pig
English Bar
.460 .54
61 .00064.00
1 65a 1.95
.600 .65
50.00o52.00
l.ljO 1.30
.400 .70
48.00o50.00
1 05o 1.15
.300 .60
35.00o37.00
90o .95
.15o .22
40.00o42.00
40 00o42 00
Laths, per M
5.00
3.25
3.00
3.00
Leather
.3Sa .43
.ola .40
.300 .31
.21o .28
.270 29*
Lime
1 25a 1 75
1.70o 1 75
1 70o 2 20
1 50o 1 85
1 69o 2 00
Molasses, N. O
Oil, Linseed
1.20a 1.50
l.lOo 1.25
.800 .85
1.300 1.33
.650 .90
1 OOo 1.04
.60a .80
990 1 02
Crude Whale
1.200 1.25
.680 .70
.95o 1.00
Crude Sperm
2.60a 2.65
2.100 2.15
1.75
Petroleum, Refined
Pork, Mess.
Ric'e, Rangoon
Rosin, bbF
.44a .95
40.00a42.00
.12a .13*
.62o .64
29.25031 .00
.9a .10
G.500 7 00
.250 .33*
19.25o21. 00
.090 .09*
4 37o 4 44
.24a .24*
21.00o21.05
.09o .09f
3 OOo 3 12*
.310 .32
26.50a28.00
.050 .07*
2 40a 2 60
Salt
2 32a 2 35
2 OOa 2 10
1 90o 1 95
1 %o 2 00
1 90a 2 00
Sugar, Cuba
.16a .22*
.100 .13}
.08o .11}
.110 .13}
09a .12*
New Orleans
Tallow
.18a .27*
.17a .18
.130 .i4
.090 .13
.110 .11*
.lla .15
.10o .11
.090 .13
.lla .11}
Tea, Hyson
Oolonr'.
1.30a r.95
1 05a 1 75
l.lOa 1.60
90a 1 70
.800 1.70
S5o 1 75
.90o 1.50
680 1 60
.900 1.70
70o 1 60
Turpentine, bbl
Whalebone
Whiskey
" 2.000 2.50
2 21 a 2 22
8.500 9.00
1.60
227
6.00
1.15o 1.25
2 26o 2 38
4.00
.80
2 28
4.00
.750 .78
98a 1 00
Wool
50a 60
°5a 27
40a 45
40a 43
47a 50
Zinc
.15a .15}
.12o .12*
.110 .11*
.120 .13}
PRICES OF AMERICAN GOLD IN N. Y. FROM JAN., 1862, TO JAN., 1869.
DATE.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
par.
102*
101*
101*
102*
103*
109
112*
116*
122
129
130
I
105
104}
102*
102}
104*
109*
120*
116}
124
137
133}
134
3
I
1
I
i
3
I
2
1
E
Lowest.
i
4,
1
Highest.
January
February
March
April
May
134
153
139
146
143*
140*
123}
127
1433
147
160}
172*
171}
159
155
148J
145
129}
143*
156}
154
152}
151*
157*
159
166}
168
189
222
231*
185
189
209
211
160
161
169}
187
190
251
285
262
255
229
2150
244
197*
148*
144
128$
1:35}
138
140*
142$
144
145*
144*
234*
218}
201
160
145}
147$
146*
144}
145
149
148}
148*
13(5}
185f
125
125
125*
137$
147
146*
143}
145*
137*
131}
144$
140$
129*
141*
167}
151}
152}
147*
154*
148*
141}
132*
135}
133*
132$
138*
139J
141
140*
132}
140*
140f
142
138*
138$
140$
142|
146*
145$
141*
1.33}
139}
137|
137}
139*
139|
140*
143*
141*
133}
132*
134*
142}
144
141}
1401
140*
141}
145}
146
145
14(1*
137
13(5}
June
July
August
September....
October
November
December ....
* Extra State.
PART III.
FOREIGN STATES.
I. AMERICA.
1. AREA— POPULATION— DISCOVERY— ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEPENDENT STATES-
EXTENT AND POPULATION OF THE INDEPENDENT STATES AND OF THE
EUROPEAN POSSESSIONS — LANGUAGES.
THE total area of America is estimated at 15,480,000 square miles ; the
population at 81,400,000. Among the large divisions of the world, America
is the second in point of extent, being preceded by Asia. In point of pop
ulation, it occupies the fourth place ; but its population increases more
rapidly than that of any other division of the world.
America became first known to the Europeans in the tenth century, when Ice
landers visited Greenland and other parts of the east coast. Greenland had
for some time a Catholic bishop, but subsequently the connection with
Europe ceased. The opening of America to the Christian civilization of Eu
rope properly dates from Columbus, who landed in the West Indies in 1492.
All the American territory remained subject to the rule of European
Powers until 1776, when the United States declared their independence.
Their example was at the close of the last century followed by Hayti, and at
the beginning of the present century by nearly the whole of Central and
South America. (See special dates below at the head of each American
country). The territory of the Independent American States is rapidly in
creasing. In 1867 the large Russian Possessions were purchased by the Uni
ted States. In the same year two of the three Danish Islands in the West
Indies were purchased by the United States, but this latter purchase has not
yet (December 1868), been ratified by Congress.
We give below a tabular exhibition of the Independent American States,
and a list of the European possessions. The independent American territory
embraces over 11,000,000 square miles, or a little over two-thirds of the whole
area of America, against about 4,500,000 square miles still subject to Euro
pean rule. Of the latter over 3,000,000 square miles are English possessions.
We have included in the European possessions, Greenland, though in fact,
the Danish rule extends only over a very small portion. The total popula
tion of the independent American States may be estimated at 74,000,000 ; while
the European possessions contain about 7,000,000.
The English language is predominant in the United States, and in the
British possessions, embracing a territory containing more than 39,000,000 of
people. The Spanish language prevails in Mexico, the republics of Central
and South America, the republic of San Domingo and the Spanish possessions,
(523)
524
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809.
including in all a territory containing about 28,500,000 inhabitants. The
Portuguese language prevails in Brazil which has a population of nearly
12,000,000. French is the language of Hayti and of the French possessions,
which together have a population of about 900,000. French also is the lan
guage of the majority of the population in the province of Quebec in the
dominion of Canada, but the official language of the whole Dominion is
English. The number of the German-speaking population in the United
States is estimated at from four to five millions ; there is also a large Ger
man population in Brazil, but no where is German recognized as an official
language, and in the course of time it must give way to the national lan
guage. The native languages, the number of which is estimated at GOO, are
still understood by about 12,000,000 people; but they gradually disappear
before the advance of education and civilization. In point of area, the
English language now prevails in a territory exceeeding 7,000,000 square
miles; the Spanish language in a territory of over 4,000,000 square miles;
and the Portuguese in a territory of over 3,000,000 square miles.
Christianity prevails in every country of America, though in most countries
of North and South America there are still uncivilized and pagan natives. In
the United States, and the British and Dutch Possessions, Protestantism
prevails, while Roman Catholicism is the religion in all the other countries.
(See the tables of " Religious Statistics.")
INDEPENDENT AMERICAN STATES.
In the following table we give a list of all the independent American States, their area and
population, ruler, title and year of accession of the rulers, and form of government.
• States.
Area.
Population. Ruler, December, 1663.
Title.
Year of
Ac'sion.
FonnofGov'ment.
Argentine Republic.
826,828
535,769
3,231,047
132,624
357,179
21,495
218,984
44,778
10,205
47,092
773,144
58,169
126,352
510,107
17,826
7,335
3,578,392
66,716
368,235
1,465,000 'Domingo F. Sarmienl
1,987,352 Mariano Melgarejo..
11,780,000 Don Pedro II.
2,084,960 Jose Joaquin Perez.
2,920,473 Santos Gutierrez
135,000 Jesus Jimenez
1,300,000 Dr. Xavier Espinosa
1,180,000 Vincente Cerna... .
572 000 Sylvain Salnave
0.
Presi
Emp(
Presi
t
4
d'nt.
;ror.
d'nt.
i
1868
1865
.1840
1866
1808
1868
1868
1865
1867
1866
1867
1867
1862
186S
1868
1865
1865
1868
Republic.
Const.Mon'y.
Republic.
Brazil
Chili
Colombia
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Guatemala
Hayti
Honduras
350.000 Jose Maria Medina. .
8,137,853 Benito Juarez
400,000 Fernando Guzman . .
1,337,431 Francisco Solano Lop
2,500,000 Jose Balta
>z
Mexico
Nicaragua .
Paraguay..
Peru
San Domingo
San Salvador
United States
Uruguay
136,500 Buenaventura Baez. . .
600,000 Francisco Duefias
34,560,000 Andrew Johnson
350,000 Lorenzo Battle
\enezuela
2,200,000 (Vacant)
EUROPEAN POSSESSIONS.
TOTALS OF THE COLONIES OP FOREIGN POWEKS.
British Possessions 3,636.375
French Possessions 36.1771
Spanish Possessions 52,085
Dutch Possessions 63,115
Danish Possessions 759,933
Swedish Possessions 16...
Total 4,547,701 .
Inhabitants.
.4,835.541
. 315,677
.1,979,838
92,521
. 48,2.31
2,898
.7,274,700
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 535
1. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
Capital, Buenos Ayres. Area, 826,828 square miles. Population, 1,465,000.
History. Discovery of the country on the River Plata, 1515 ; Foundation of Buenos Ayres,
1535 ; Establishment of the Vice-kingdom of Buenos Ayres (or Rio de la Plata), 1777 ; Beginning
of the war for Independence, 1810 ; Declaration of Independence, 1816 ; Presidency of Rosas, 1835 ;
Banishment of Rosas, 1852 ; Presidency of Mitre, 1862-1868 ; Sarmiento elected President, 1868.
In 1866 it was estimated that there were in the country 70,000 Italians, 32,000 Spaniards, 32,-
000 Englishmen, 25,000 Frenchmen, 5,000 Germans and natives of the United States. The im
migration of the year 1866 was estimated at 13,000, of whom 31 per cent, were Italians, 21 French,
10 English, 7 Swiss and Spaniards, 2 Germans. The immigration during the first three months
of 1868 was 9,493, chiefly from Germany and Italy.
Government. President, DOMINGO F. SAKMIENTO ; Vice President, ADOLFO ALSINA. By
the Constitution of May 15, 1853, the President and Vice President are elected for six years. The
present incumbents were elected in 1868 for the term 1868-1874. The Senate consists of 28 mem
bers, two from each state. The House of Representatives numbers 54 Deputies.
Finances. The revenue is almost wholly derived from custom house duties, averaging from
15 to 20 per cent. lu 1866, according to the message of President Mitre, the revenue was 9,763,-
830 pesos, 5 pesos fuertes=-l £=$4.84. The public debt, at the beginning of 1867, amounted to
32,483,710 pesos. The paper currency is greatly depreciated, 25 paper pesos being equal to 1
pesos fuerte. The budget of Buenos Ayres amounts to about 2,000,000 pesos.
Army and. Navy. The army consists of about 10,700 men, exclusive of the militia and
national guard. In the war against Paraguay the Republic was to contribute from 30,000 to
40,000 men, but in 1867 the Argentine force never exceeded 8,000 men. The navy comprises
seven steamers and ten sailing vessels.
Commerce. The imports of the port of Buenos Ayres, in 1865, amounted to £5,207,043,
exports to £4,413,358. The most important countries for the commerce of Buenos Ayres, are
France, England, Brazil, and the United States. The chief articles of export are wool (46 per
cent.) and hides, (34 per cent.) ; chief articles of import breadstuff's, beverages, cotton and
woolen manufactures. In 1867, 621 miles of railroad were either open or projected. Nearly
the whole of the capital had been subscribed in England.
2. BOLIVIA.
Capital, Chuquieaca. Area, 535,769 square miles. Population, 1,987,352.
History. Declaration of Independence, 1825 ; the name of Bolivia assumed Aug. 11, 1825.
The frontier of the Republic is not yet regulated. A treaty with Chili, of Aug. 10, 1866, fixes
24° S. Lat., as the boundary line between these two Republics. In 1868. a treaty was concluded
between Bolivia and Brazil, recognizing the claims of Brazil to most of the territory which has
heretofore been disputed between Brazil, Bolivia and Peru.
Government. President, MARIANO MELGAREJO. The President is elected for a term of
four years. The army consists of about 2,000 men, exclusive of the national guard. The rev
enue, in 1864, amounted to 2,471,000, the expenditures to 2,4a5,000 pesos. The Republic has no
public debt. The value of the annual imports is about 5,570,000 pesos.
3. BRAZIL.
Capital, Rio Janeiro. Area, 3,231,047 square miles. Population, 11,780,000.
History. Discovered by Pedro Alvarez Cabral, in 1500; beginning of colonization by the
Portuguese, 1531 ; foundation of the city of Bahia, 1549; conquest of Bahia (1624), and gradually
of one-half of the fourteen provinces of which Brazil consisted at that time, by the Dutch ;
evacuation by the Dutch, 1654 ; fonnal retrocession of Brazil to Portugal, 1661 ; constituted a
kingdom by King John VI. of Portugal, in 1815 ; declaration of Independence, 1822 ; constitution
adopted, 1825.
The number of slaveholders is about 40,000. A law for the suppression of the slave trade was
sanctioned by the Emperor June 5, 1854. There were in 1861, 55 colonies of German and Swiss
settlers, chiefly in tile province of Rio Grande do Sul, inhabited by 33,970 foreigners. Since
then immigration has considerably increased.
526 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. Pedro II. was born Dec. 2, 1825 ; succeeded to the
throne on the abdication of his father, Pedro I. April 7, 1831 ; declared of age, July 23, 1840 ;
crowned, July 18, 1841 ; married Sept. 4, 1843, to Theresa, daughter of the late king Francis I.
of the Two Sicilies. Children : 1. Crown Princess Isabel, born July 29, 1840 ; married Oct. 15,
1864, to Prince Louis of Orleans, Count of Eu. 2. Princess Leopoldina, born July 13, 1847 ;
married December 15, 1864, to Prince Augustus of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ; eon, Prince Pedro,
born March 19, 1866.
Government. Emperor, PEDRO II. The Legislative Assembly consists of a Senate and
House of Deputies. Senators are appointed for life, by the Emperor, from three candidates
chosen by electoral meetings specially convened for this purpose. A Senator must be forty
years of age, a native born Brazilian, a Roman Catholic and possessed of an annual income of
800 milreis. The members of the House of Deputies are chosen by indirect election ; every 200
voters choose an elector, and a number of the latter nominate the deputy. A voter must have
an income of 100 milreis, an elector of 200 milreis, a deputy of 400 milreis. The deputy must
be a native Roman Catholic. Voters are compelled to vote, under a penalty. The salary of a
Senator is 3,600 milreis, of a deputy 2,400 milreis. The annual session of the Legislative Assem
bly commences May 3. The Chamber of Deputies has the initiative in the assessment of taxes,
in matters concerning the army and navy, and in the choice of a sovereign, in case the throne
should become vacant. The Senate has to take cognizance of offences committed by members
of the Imperial family, and by Senators and Deputies, if committed during the session. It also
convenes the Legislative Assembly, should the Emperor fail to do so, two months after the
period fixed by law.
The Ministry is divided into seven departments : 1. Finance ; 2. Foreign Affairs ; 3. Interior ;
4. Justice; 5. War; 6. Marine; 7. Public Works, Agriculture and Commerce. The Council of State
consists of 12 ordinary and 12 extraordinary members, all appointed by the Emperor for life. Each
Province has a President appointed by the central Government, and a provincial assembly.
A new (conservative) Ministry was formed in July, 1868. President, Viscount Itaborahy :
Foreign affairs, Paranhos ; War, Baron Muritiba; Agriculture, Fernandez LejTo ; Marine, Baron
Cotigipe ; Empire, Paulino Soares de Souza ; Justice, J. M. Alencar.
Finances. The revenue during the financial years 1859 to 1866, was as follows :
1859-60 47,310.955 milreis. 1863-64 58,360,430 milrcie.
1860-61 53,a50,905 " 1864-65 61,046,818 "
1861-62 55,857,726 " 1865-66 62,827,191 "
1862-63 50,724,034 "
The estimates for the year 1868-69, were: Expenditures, 67,742,627 milreis ; receipts, 59,000,-
000 milreis ; probable deficit, 8.742,627 milreis. The foreign debt in June 1867, amounted to
£15,458,200 ; the internal funded debt, March 31, 1867, to 106,350,600 milreis. The total amount
of paper currency in circulation was estimated, in June 1867, at 107,021,950 milreis.
Army and Navy. The Brazilian army, in 1867, numbered 74,318 men ; consisting of Special
Corps, 25,844 men ; 1st Army Corps in the field. 33,078 men ; 2d Army Corps in the field, 15,396
men. The armed navy consisted, in 1867, of 12 ironclads (exclusive of 4 in course of construc
tion) ; 46 steamers, and 11 sailing vessels. The number of sailors and marines was according to
the navy estimates for 1867-68, 14,909 men.
Commerce. The value of imports and exports in the financial years from 1864 to 1866,
was as follows :
1864-65 ... ... 131?(io5boO milreis 141 000,000 milreis.
1865-66 138,100,000 " 157,000,000
Trade with the United States from 1864 to 1867, was as follows :
Imports, Exports.
1864-65 $3.175.000 $8,3:35,000
1865-66 3,253,000 14,980,000
1866-67 2,150,000 15,600,000
4. CENTRAL AMERICA.
History. Landing of Columbus on the east coast, 1502 ; invasion by the Spaniards, 1524 ;
declaration of independence, 1821 ; establishment of the Republic of the United States of Central
America, 1823 ; dissolution of the Union, ia39— since which time the five republics of Guate
mala, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras and Costa Rica have been independent of each other.
The idea of a restoration of a Central American confederation has still many friends.
Squier, (in " The States of Central America," New York, 1858), estimated the total population
of Central America at 2,114,000; of whom 1,195,000 were Indians, 800,000. of mixed descent,
100,000 whites, and 19,000 negroes.
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 5^7
1. GUATEMALA.
Capital, Guatemala. Area, 44,778 square miles. Population, 1,180,000.
Government. President, VINCENTS CEKNA. A new constitution was adopted, October
19, 1851, by which the powers of government were confided to a President and General Assem
bly, composed of a Legislative Chamber (59 deputies), in which the archbishop, the members of
the courts of supreme justice and the Council of State, have a voice in the deliberations.
The revenue, in 1864, was $1,147,809 ; expenditures, $1,130,708. The public debt, in 1865,
amounted to $2,461,978. The regular army consists of 3,200 men, the militia of 13,000 men.
The imports, in 1866, were $1,699,125 ; the exports, $1,680,341. The largest amount of the im
ports came from the following countries : England, $1,220,064 ; France, $230,521 ; Spain, $67,639 ;
Germany, $118,968; United States, $31,647. In 1867 the imports amounted to $1,574,587, the
exports to $1,996,450.
2. SAN SALVADOR.
Capital, San Salvador. Area, 7,335 square miles. Population, 600,000.
Government. Pivsident, FRANCISCO DUENAS. The Senate consists of 12, and the Legis
lative Chamber of 24 members. The sessions are held biennially.
According to the budget of 1867, the revenue was $783,713 ; the expenditures, $693,003. The
consolidated debt, in 1868, was estimated at six millions ; the floating debt at one million. The
militia consists of 5,000, of whom 1,000 are in active service. The imports, in 1867, were valued
at $1,85(5,387; the exports at $2,737,243. Of the leading products there were exported: 15,000
ceroons indigo, 50,000 cwt. coffee, 80,000 cwt. sugar, 10,000 cwt. rice. For the six months ending
March 31, 1868, the exports from the ports of La Union, Libertad and Acajutla amounted to
$2,493,480; an excess over the same period the previous year of $415,104.
3. HONDURAS.
Capital, Comayagua. Area, 47,092 square miles. Population, 350,000.
Government. President, JOSE MARIA MEDINA. A new constitution was adopted in 1865.
The Senate has seven, and the Legislative Assembly eleven members. The Council of State
consists of the ministers and seven other members. The annual revenue is about $200,000; it
exceeds the expenditures by about $17,000 annually. Imports, mostly from Great Britain,
$750,000; exports, $825,000. Chief port, Omoa.
4. NICARAGUA.
Capital, Managua. Area, 58,169. Population, 400,000.
Government. President, FERNANDO GUZMAN. The area includes Greytown and the Mus-
quito territory. The population embraces about 30,000 whites, and 10,000 negroes ; the remain
der are Indians and Mestizoes. The capital has 10,000 inhabitants. The republic is divided
into the departments of Rivas, Granada, Leon, Segovia, and Matagalpa. The revenue for the
year 1865 was estimated at $'332,471 ; the expenditures at $630,120 ; the public debt at $4,000,000.
The imports, in 1865, were valued at $1,154,000, the exports at $722,000.
5. COSTA RICA.
Capital, San Jose. Area, 21,495 square miles. Population, 135,000.
Government. Provisional President, JESUS JIMENEZ. The Senate consists of 25, and the
Chamber of Deputies of 29 members. The annual revenue is about $1,000,000. There is no
public debt. The exports (principal article coffee) amounted in 1864 to $1,812,682 ; the imports
to $1,718,000. The militia consists of 5,000 men ; of whom 200 are employed in active service.
5. CHILI.
Capital, Santiago. Area, 132,624 square miles. Population, 2,084,960.
History. First invasion by the Spaniards, 1525 ; beginning of the war for independence,
1811 ; independence fully established, 1818 ; recognized by Spain, 1844 ; General Bulnes, presi
dent 1841 to 1846, and 1846 to 1851 ; Manuel Montt, president 1851 to 1856, and 1856 to 1861 ;
Jose Joaquin Perez, president 1861 to 1666; re-elected in 1866.
It is remarked in the census report of 1665, that to the population of the organized provinces
(1,819,223), must be added (1) about 10 per cent, for persons omitted, (2) 80,000 Araucanians, (3)
528 THE AMERICAN YEAE-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
3,800 Patagonians. The result of former censuses was as follows: — Census of 1835, 1,010,332;
1843, 1,083,801 ; 1854, 1,439,0(59. Increase in thirty years, 808,891. The number of foreign born
persons in 1854, g^vas 19,6(59 ; in 1865, 23,220, among whom were 17,618 males.
Government. Resident, JOSE JOAQUIN PEREZ — born, 1801 ; secretary of legation in France,
1829-31 ; minister plenipotentiary at Buenos Ayres, 1832 ; subsequently councillor of state,
minister of finance, of the interior, of foreign affairs, president of the chamber of deputies, and
president of the senate ; elected president of the republic, September 7, 1861 ; re-elected July
34, 1866. The vote for President is by electors (in 1866, 216).
The ministry, in November, 1868, was composed as follows : (1) Interior and Foreign Affairs,
L. M. Amunatcqui, (appointed 1868) ; (2) Finance, Alejandro Rejes (1864) ; (3) Justice, Worship
and Instruction, Joaquin Blest Gana (1866) ; (4) War and Navy, Echaurren, (1868).
The Council of State is composed of the acting ministers, two members of the courts, one ec
clesiastical dignitary, one general or admiral, one chief of a financial board, two ex-ministers,
and several other functionaries. President of the supreme court, Manuel Montt, ex-president.
According to the Constitution of 1833, the Senate consists of 20 members, elected for a term
Of nine years, and the Chamber of Deputies of one member for each 20,000 of the population,
elected for a term of three years.
Finances. The revenue, in 1864, was estimated at $6,654,912, (customs, $4,047,787, govern
ment monopolies, $1,110,648, &c.) ; but in effect it only amounted to $6,574,518. The expendi
tures which had been estimated at $8,070,368, rose, in consequence of the Spanish war, to
$10,986,358. The budget for 1866, estimated the expenditures at $9,079,936, and that for 1867, at
$10,814,000. The internal debt, January 1, 1867, amounted to $15,820,319; external debt to
$14,142,570 ; the total debt to $29,962,889. In addition to the above a loan of £2,000,000 at six
per cent, was contracted in England, in 1867.
Army and Navy. The army consists of the standing force raised by conscription (3,250
at the end of 1865), and of the national guard (35,600 at the end of 1865). The navy was, in May,
1867, composed of 14 screw steamers, carrying 120 guns.
Commerce. The imports and exports from 1861 to 1865 were as follows :
Year. Exports. Import*,
1861 $16,676,314 $20,349,639
1862 17,226,655 21 ,994,432
1863 20,487,517 20,118,852
1864 18,867,3(55 26.502,961
1865 21,240,976 25,712,623
The number of vessels entering the ports of Chili in 1865 was 2,858, of 1,123,344 tons ; among
them were 1,288 Chilian, of 263,607 tons; 144 North American, of 62,525 tons; English, 1,163,
695,304 tons. The merchant navy of Chili consisted, in 1862, of 259 vessels, of 57,110 tons ; in
1865, of 257 vessels, of 67,090 tons. Up to the middle of 1866, 336$ English miles of railways
had been constructed at a total cost of $21,360,798.
Education. A University, divided into five faculties, is charged with superintending public
instruction. Secondary instruction is gratuitously given ty the State in the National Institute,
in the Provincial Lyceums, and in one Military School, two Nautical Schools, one Medical
School, one Astronomical School, one Conservatory of Music, one Academy of Painting, one
School of Obstetrics, and one Polytechnical School.
6. COLOMBIA, United States of.
Capital, Bogota. Area, 357,179 square miles. Population, 2,920,473.
History. The Republic of Colombia which was established December 17, 1819, and consoli
dated by the fundamental law of July 22, 1821, embraced besides the present United States
of Colombia, the republics of Ecuador and Venezuela. Venezuela seceded in November, 1829,
and Ecuador in May, 1830. The remainder, then called New Grenada, assumed, September 20,
1861, the name of United States of Colombia, and was changed by the fundamental law of June
15, 1858, from one republic into a confederation of eight states, to which subsequently a ninth
was added. The population of the nine states in 1864, was as follows :
Antioquia 327,322 Cauca.... ...437,102 Panama 173,729
Bolivar 175,006 Cundinamarca 391 ,096 Santander 496,000
Boyaca 442,996 Magdalena 100,284 Tolima 250,9138
Total 2,794,473
To this population should be added the independent Indians, whose number is estimated
at 126,000.
FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 539
Government. President, SANTOS GUTIERREZ ; elected, 1868 ; term, 1868 to 1870. The Pres
ident is elected by an absolute majority of the states, the vote in the states being direct. The
ministry in September, 1868, was composed as follows : Interior and Foreign Affairs, Santiago
Perez ; Finances, Miguel Samper ; War and Navy, Sergio Cainargo ; General Treasury, Narciso
Gonzalez Lineros.
The Senate consists of three members from each state ; the Chamber of Representatives of one
member for every 50,000 inhabitants, and one additional for a remainder of more than 20,000.
The members of the supreme court are elected bjr the legislatures of the nine states. Each
state has a Governor, except the state of Panama, which elects a President.
Finances. In the budget for 1866-67, revenue and expenditures were each estimated at
$2,350,000. The public debt in 1861, was reported to be $44,000,000, of which $34,690,000 was
due English creditors.
Army. The federal army, in times of peace, numbers 2,000 men ; in times of war, the states
are bound to furnish a contingent of one per cent, of the population.
Commerce. The imports of the port of Panama and Colon (Aspinwall), amounted, in 1864,
to $35,000,000; the exports to $67,000,000. The number of arrivals at Panama, in 1865, was 134
sea vessels, of 177,448 tons ; 36 coasting vessels, of 865 tons ; the number of arrivals at Colon,
in 1865, 339 vessels, of 242,757 tons.
7. ECUADOR.
Capital, Quito. Area, 218,984 square miles. Population, 1,300,000.
History. The Republic was constituted in 1830, by secession from the Republic of Colom
bia. (See United States of Colombia). In 1858, the population was 1,040,371, among whom
were 600,000 whites ; in 1867, it was estimated at 1,300,000, including about 200,000 uncivilized
Indians.
Government. President, XAVIER ESPINOSA ; elected in 1868. The republic is divided into
ten provinces ; Pichincha, Imbabura, Leon, Chimborazo, Esmeraldas, Oriente, Guayas, Manavi,
Cuenca, and Loja.
Finances. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to $1,401,300; the expenditures to $1,399,672.
The foreign debt in 1865, was $9,390,554; the interior, $3,692,955. The republic has neither a
standing army nor a fleet.
Commerce. The exports from the port of Guayaquil, were valued, in 1865, at about $4,000,-
000 ; in 1866, at $5,015,752 ; in 1867, at only $2,510,733. The exports in the latter year amounted
to $2,104,722.40. The movement of shipping, in the port of Guayaquil, in 1866, amounted to
182 vessels, of 13,969 tons, exclusive of 58 mail steamers.
8. HAYTI.
Capital, Port au Prince. Area, 10,205 square miles. Population. 572,000.
History. Discovered by Columbus 1492, who called the island Hispaniola, which name was
subsequently changed into San Domingo. The western part of the island, the present Hayti,
was ceded by Spain to France in 1697. Insurrection of the negroes, 1791 ; evacuation by the
French, 1803; recognized by France, 1825 ; Soulouque, president, March, 1847; declared himself
emperor under the name of Faustin I. August 26, 1849 ; resigned in consequence of a successful
revolution, January 15, 1859 ; Fabre Geffrard, president, 1859 ; expelled, 1867.
Government. President, SYLVAIN SALNAVE ; term of office, from 1867 to 1871. A new
constitution was adopted. January 14, 1867. There are four ministers: 1. Foreign Affairs, Wor
ship, and Public Instruction ; 2. Finances and Commerce ; 3. Interior and Agriculture ; 4. War
and Navy. The members of the House of Commons are elected by a direct vote for a term
of three years ; the members of the Senate are appointed by the House of Commons from a list
drawn up by the electoral colleges.
Finances. The budget for 1864 estimated the revenue at 28,710,800 Haytien dollars*; the
expenditures at 37,331,811 Haytien dollars ; the total debt, in 1864 amounted to 9 847 233 piastres
fortes (dollars).
Commerce. The imports, in 1864, amounted to about $6,700,000 ; the exports to $7,457,700.
Of the imports about 46 per cent, are from the United States, and about 30 per cent, from Eng-
chan£inS value- ^ 1863> 12>25 Haytien dollars
530 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
land. The movement of shipping, in 1864, was as follows : Arrivals, 879 vessels, 135,488 tons ;
clearances, 875 vessels, 145,454 tons ; total, 1,754 vessels, 230,942 tons. In 1865, it was as follows :
Arrivals, 702; clearances, 619; total, 1,321 vessels, 200,108 tons.
Army and Navy. The army consists of about 50,000 men, inclusive of the national guard.
The navy consists of six steamers.
9. MEXICO.
Capital, Mexico. Area, 773,144 square miles. Population, 8,137,853.
History. Discovered, 1518; after its conquest by Cortez organized into the kingdom of New
Spain, 1540, and governed by Spanish viceroys ; beginning of the war of independence, 1810 ;
Iturbide, generalissimo, 1821 ; Iturbide, emperor, 1822 ; Maximilian, emperor, 1864 ; executed,
1867. The list of rulers from 1821 to 1868, is as follows :
1821— Iturbide Generalissimo. 1845— Oanalizo President.
1822 — Iturbide Emperor. 1845 — Herrera . .
1823— Guerrera, Bravo and Negrete. .Dictator. 1847— Paredes. . ,
1824— Guadalupe Victoria President. 1850— Arista. .
1827— Pedraza..
1828— Guerrero.
1829 — Guerrero Die ator. 1853 — Santa Anna.
1830— Bustamente Pres dent. 1855— Alvarez
1852— M. Juan Cebellos
1853— St. Manuel Lombardini
1856— Comonfort
1858— Felix Zuloaga
1858— Miramon
1859— Felix Zuloaga Vice-Pres dent.
1832— Pedraza. .
1835— Santa Anna
1836— St. Jose Jus to Caro
1837— Bustamente
1840— Farias Dictator. 1860— Miramon . . T President.
1841— Bustamente President. 1861— Benito Juarez "
1841— Santa Anna Dictator. 1864— Maximilian Emperor.
1843— Caro " 1867— Benito Juarez President.
1844— Santa Anna "
The following table exhibits the population of each state in 1857, and of their capitals in 1865 :
Btatei. Population. Capitals. Population.
Aguas Calientes 86,329 Aguas Calientes 23,000
Chiapas 167,472 S. Christobal 10,500
Chihuahua 164,073 Chihuahua 12,000
Colima 62,109 Colima 31,000
Durango 144,331 Durango 14,000
Guanajuato 729,103 Guanajuato 63,000
Guerrero 270,000 Tiatla 4,500
Jalisco 804,058 Guadalajara 70,000
Mexico 1,029,629 Toluca 12,000
Michoacan 554,585 Morelia 25,000
NuevaLeon ) 010 Q«Q j Monterey 14,000
Coahuila f 213'369 I Saltillo 9,000
Oajaca 525,938 Oajaca 25,000
Puebla 658,609 .Puebla 75,000
Queretaro 165,155 Queretaro 48,000
San Luis Potosi 397,189 San Luis 34,000
Sinaloa 160,000 Culiacan 12,000
Sonora, 139,374 Ures 7,000
Tabasco 70,628 S Juan Batista 6,000
Tamaulipas 109,673 Victoria. 6,000
Tlascala 90,158 Tlascala 4,000
Vera Cruz 349,125 Vera Cruz 10,000
Yucatan | fiftft „„„ j Merida 24,000
Campeche poo,o^ ^ Campeche 15,500
Zacatecas 296,789 Zacatecas.i 16,000
Federal District of Mexico . . . .269,534 Mexico. 200,000
Territory of California 12,000 La Paz 500
Total 8,137,853
The statistics of races, according to the best authorities, is as follows : 1. Whites (including
the descendants of Spaniards and Indians who consider themselves white), 1,004,000 ; 2. Indians,
4,800,000; 3. The mixed races (Mestizoes, Zambos, Mulattoes, &c.), 2,190,000; 4. Negroes, 6,000.
Government. President, BENITO JUAREZ, a descendant of the Indian race of Tapatecos ;
born at Ixtlan, state of Oajaca, 1807 ; elected Deputy to the House of Representatives, 1846 ;
Governor of Oajaca, 1848-52; exiled by Santa Anna, 1853; returned to Mexico, 1855; Minister
of Justice, 1856-58 ; of the Interior, 1858 ; head of an insurrection against President Zuloaga,
1858-59 ; and against President Miramon, 1859-61 ; elected President, 1861 ; re-elected, 1867.
Vice President, LERDO DB TEJADA.
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 531
The ministry is (Nov. 1868) composed of the following members : Foreign Affairs, Lerdo de
Tejada ; Finances, Matias Romero ; War and Navy, Ignacio Mejia ; Interior, Iglesias ; Public
Works, Balcarcel ; Justice, Ignacio Mariscal.
The Mexican constitution bears date October 4, 1824. It was suspended by the French in
1863, but re-established in 1867. By its terms Mexico is declared a federative republic, each
state managing its own local affairs. The Congress consists of two houses. The members
of the House of Representatives are elected by each state at the rate of one member for 80,000
inhabitants, for a term of two years, must be 25 years of age, and have resided eight years in the
state. The Senate consists of two members for each state, who must be at least thirty years
of age and elected by a plurality of votes in the state congress. The members of both houses
receive salaries of two thousand dollars a year. The President and Vice President are elected
for a term of four years. Congress meets annually from January 1 to April 15, and a council
of government, consisting of the Vice President and half the senate sits during the recesses
of Congress. The legislatures of the several states are similar to that of the republic.
Finances. The revenue for 1866 was estimated at $16,500,000 ; the expenditures at $29,500,-
000; the deficit at $13,000,000 ; the actual deficit proved to be much larger. The Mexican debt,
August 1, 1865, was as follows :
CapiUl. An'l Interest.
Old English three per cent, loan, as per settlement of 1851 £10,241,650 £307,205
Three per cent, stock, created 1864, for overdue coupons of old loan 4,864,800 145,944
Six per cent. Anglo-French loan of 1864 12,365,000 741,900
Sixper cent, lottery loan of 1865 10,000,000
Interest, £600,000 ; lottery prizes, £120,000 ; sinking fund, £250,000 970,000
Six per cent. Mexican debt, about 7,000,000 420,000
Admitted claims of foreigners, bearing interest at six per cent 6,000,000 360,000
Amount due to French government for war expenses, March 31, 1865 13,000,000
Annual pay't to France on acct. of war expenses, as per Paris convention. 1,000,000
Total £63,471,450 £3,945,049
The present Government does not recognize any portion of the above liabilities, except the
six per cent, internal Mexican debt, the interest of which has not been paid for a number
of years.
Commerce. In 1856, the total imports of Mexico were valued at twenty-six millions, and
the exports at twenty-eight millions of dollars. There are no official accounts of recent date
concerning the trade of Mexico. The imports of the port of Tampico were, in 1864, $3,342,020 ;
in 1865, $3,970,045 ; and in 1866, $847,806.
The great staple of Mexican export trade is silver. The annual produce of silver in the chief
mining districts is given as follows : Zacatecas, $6,000,000; Guanajuato, $2,000,000 ; San Luis
Potosi, $500,000 ; Guadalajara, $600,000 ; Mexico, $1,000,000 ; Durango, $1,000,000. Total,
$11,500,000; add bars of silver exported secretly, $1,000,000; total, $13,600,000. The richest of
all the mines now worked are those of Real del Monte and Pachuca, situated about sixty miles
from the city of Mexico. There is a Mineria, or school of mines, in the city of Mexico, which
has received the support of all the succeeding governments.
A line of Railway, (The National Mexican), from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico, was com
menced in 1864. The army was in July, 1867, estimated at from 30 to 35,000 men. It was to
be reduced by 18,000 men.
10. PARAGUAY.
Capital, Asuncion. Area, 126,352 square miles. Population, 1,337,431.
History- First arrival of the Spaniards, 1515 ; long and obstinate resistance of the natives ;
arrival of the Jesuits, 1608; administration of the Jesuits until 1758; beginning of the war of
independence under Francia, 1811 ; Francia Dictator, 1811-1840 ; Carlos Antonio Lopez, Presi
dent, 1844—1862 ; Francisco Solano Lopez, President from 1862.
A large territory west of the Paraguay, the Gran Chaco, is claimed at the same time by Para
guay, Bolivia, and the Argentine Republic. In 1857, the capital had 48,000 inhabitants.
Government. President, FRANCISCO SOLANO LOPEZ. Official accounts of revenue and ex
penditures are not published. One of the chief sources of public income is from the sale of the
yerba mate (Paraguay tea), and other products of the land belonging to the government, which
is about one-half of the entire territory of the republic. It yielded in 1859, 8,161,323 francs ;
customs, stamps and other duties, the rent of public lands, in the same year, 4,280,000 francs ;
532 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
total sums of revenue in that year, 12,441,323 francs. A public debt was heretofore unknown ;
but in March, 1865, the President was authorized by the National Congress to contract a loan
of £5,000,000.
Army and Navy. The standing army is 15,000 men; the reserve, 46,000 men. At the
beginning of the war against Brazil and her allies in 1865, President Lopez was reported as
having in a short time organized an effective army of 68,000 men. In 1868, he was reported to
have reinforced his army by an army corps of women. The navy, in 1864, (according to the
Buenos Ayres Standard), was composed of 3 brigs, 21 steamers, 15 small gunboats, partly
iron-clad, each carrying one 80-pounder Armstrong gun.
Commerce. The imports, in 1859 (according to a communication to the Moniteurof Paris),
amounted to 8,833,000 francs; the exports to 7,703,000 francs; the number of arrivals and clear
ances, together, to 412 vessels, of 16,650 tons.
11. PERU.
Capital, Lima. Area, 510,107 square miles. Population, 2,500,000,
History. Foundation of a Peruvian Empire, in the 12th century ; landing of the Spaniards
under Pizarro, 1526 ; gradual conquest of the Empire ; temporary independence of Spain ,• re-
establishment of the Spanish authority, 1547 ; beginning of the war of independence, 1810 ;
declaration of independence, 1821.
The greater number of the inhabitants are descendants of Spaniards mixed with Indians. Ac
cording to Paz Soldan (Geografia del Peru, Paris, 1862), the population, exclusive of uncivilized
Indians (of whom there are about 400,000) was 2,355,000.
Government. President, JOSE BALTA, elected July 18, 1868. A new constitution was
adopted in 1867. The President is elected for a term of five years. The Senate consists of two
members from each department ; the House of Representatives of one member for each 20,000
inhabitants. The parochial electoral colleges choose deputies to the provincial electoral col
leges which, in turn, send deputies to Congress. The public exercise of any religion, gave the
Roman Catholic, is prohibited. The new constitution was adopted by forty-three against forty
votes, while the provision that the Roman Catholic religion should be the religion of the state
and, as such, protected and maintained by the state, was passed by a unanimous vote.
The Ministry, appointed by President Balta in August 1868, is composed as follows : Interior
and Presidency, Pedro Galvez ; Foreign Affairs, Jose A. Barrenechea ; Justice, Teodoro La
Rosa, (November, 1868) ; Commerce, Francisco Garcia Calderon ; War and Navy, F. Balta.
Finances. The budget for 1867, as voted by the House of Representatives, was as follows :
Revenue, £2,689,083; expenditure, £3,105,421; deficit, £416,338. The chief source of income
is the sale of gnano, but the proceeds are for several years in advance pledged to the creditors
of the state. The public debt July 1, 1866. was $108,458,760.
Army and Navy. The Peruvian army in 1866, was composed as follows : Infantry, 8,400 ;
Cavalry, 1,200; Artillery, 1,000; Gensd'armes, 5,408; total, 16,008.
The navy consisted, in 1866, of the steamers Callao, thirty 68-pounders ; Chalaco, four 68-pound-
ers ; Tumbez, four 32-pounders ; Chanchamaya, two 32-pounders ; Colon, two guns ; two steam
corvettes, America and Union, with 14 rifled guns each ; the iron clads Loa, two 100-pounders ;
Victoria (monitor), with two 68-pounders ; the iron-clad frigate Independencia, with fourteen
rifled cannon ; and the Huascar, with two 300-ponnders and two 40-pounders.
Commerce. The imports of 1865 amounted to about $35,000,000; exports to $40,290,048.
The number of vessels which entered the ports of Peru in 1865, was 1,436, amounting to 926,977
tons ; the number of vessels cleared was 1,316, amounting to 884,471 tons. The merchant navy,
in 1861, numbered 110 sea-going vessels, of 24,234 tons.
12. SAN DOMINGO.
Capital, San Domingo. Area, 17,826 square miles. Population, 136,500.
History. For some prominent facts in the past history, see Hayti ; re-annexation to Spain,
1861 ; insurrection, 1863-65. Spain acknowledges the independence of San Domingo, May 6,
1865. Since then almost uninterrupted civil war. Provisional President since 1867, Buenaven
tura Baez. The population is composed chiefly of mulattoes and whites. The annual imports
and exports are estimated at about 6,000,000 francs each. The number of vessels annually
entering the ports of San Domingo and Puerto Plata is from 100 to 120.
1869.]
FOREIGN STATES— AMERICA.
13. URUGUAY.
533
Capital, Montevideo. Area, 66,716 square miles. Population, 350,000.
History. Declaration of independence by the delegates assembled in the city of La Florida,
August 25, 1825 ; recognition of 'Uruguay as an independent republic by the treaty of Monte
video, between Brazil and Buenos Ayres, October 4, 1828 ; proclamation of the constitution,
July 18, 1830.
Population of the capital, in 1860, 37,7S7, and in 1862, after annexation of Cordon and Aguada,
45,765. According to a circular of Minister Herrera, in 1863, the population of the republic
amounted to 350,000, among whom were 150,000 foreigners.
Government. President, LORENZO BATTLE, since February. 1868 ; formerly minister of war.
The ministry is divided into four departments: Foreign affairs, interior, finances, and war.
The sessions of the legislature generally extend from February 15 to the end of June. During
the adjournment a permanent commission of two senators and five members of the lower house
remains in session. The President is elected for the term of four years.
Finances. A budget extending from July 1, 1860, to December 31, 1861, gives the estimated
receipts and expenditures both at $3,579,802. In consequence of the almost uninterrupted
civil war, no budgets have since been published. The public debt in February, 1862, amounted
to $20,000,000.
Army. The army, in 1864, was composed as follows: Garrison of the capital, 1,300; garri-
eon in the provinces, 1,500; national guard, about 20,000 men. For the war against Paraguay,
which Uruguay undertook together with Brazil and the Argentine Republic, Uruguay con
tributed a contingent of 3,500 men ; but nearly the whole of this force was soon withdrawn, as
the outbreak of a new civil war was feared.
Commerce. The imports in 1862, were $8,151,802 ; exports, 8,804,443. In 1866, the imports
amounted to $15,330,000 ; exports, $13,238,000. The revenue from customs was, in 1862, $1,779,-
898, and in 1866, $3,293,924.
14. VENEZUELA.
Capital, Caracas. Area, 368,235 square miles. Population, 2,200,000.
History. Declaration of independence by Bolivar, November 20, 1818 ; meeting of the first
congress, February 15, 1819; proclamation of the Republic of Colombia (New Granada and
Venezuela), December 25, 1819; Venezuela seceded and constituted itself an independent
republic, November, 1829 ; independence recognized by Spain, March 30, 1845.
Government. Provisional President, JOSE TADEO MONAGAS, elected August, 1868 ; (died
November, 1868). A new constitution was adopted in 1863.
Finances. The public revenue, in 1858, was 20,525,275 francs; expenditures, 20,525,275
francs ; the public debt, in 1859, amounted to 114,128,100 francs, 9,517,035 being interior, and
104,611,065 external debt.
The army, in 1858, consisted of 10,000 men ; the navy of two steam frigates and four schooners.
The imports, in 1856, were valued at 27,985,644 francs ; the exports, at 32,180,520 francs.
15. BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
SUMMARY OF THE BRITISH POSSESSIONS IN AMERICA.
The following table gives the area and population of each of the colonies and dependencies of
Great Britain in America, as well as the revenue, expenditure, imports and exports of each.
The Hudson's Bay Territory is not included. Negotiations for its annexation to the Dominion
of Canada have been begun, but not concluded.
Colonies and Dependencies.
Squire miles.
Inhabitants.
Income.
Expenses.
Import..
Exports.
Canada (1865)
&31,280
27,037
18,671
2,173
40,200
200,000
2,881,862
252,047
330,857
84,386
122,638
13,671
£2,442,090
170,450
260,670
45,360
130,448
205,000
£2,685,482
189,679
220,471
50,631
156,454
242,040
£9,295,931
1,476,374
2,876,332
381,015
1,104,084
1,092,031
£8,850,240
1,153,068
1,766,139
290,546
1,144,375
153,730
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward's Island
N°w Foundland
British Columbia
Total
619,361
3,692,461
£3,254,019
£3,534,760
£16,225,767
£13,359,098
684 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF THE BRITISH POSSESSIONS. — Continued.
Colonies and Dependencies.
Square miles.
Inhabitants.
Income.
Expenses.
Imports.
Exports.
Bahamas
3,021
35,487
4,372
441,264
6,051
24,440
9,822
87,120
7,645
25,666
29,444
31,755
15,727
36,230
15,410
84,438
155,026
£84,487
11,884
295,398
1,854
25,076
7,925
40,464
3,463
13,272
12,727
19,000
98,870
20,342
8,759
220,313
309,372
£78,549
11,019
314,296
1,892
22,259
8,060
89,768
4,002
12,787
12,301
18,441
99,384
19,069
1,006
222,285
300,894
£1,470,467
80,549
1,050,984
8,638
151,394
37,176
160,571
15,705
52,374
70,758
121,145
953,335
114,111
47,487
810,347
1,359,292
£2,063,474
62,004
912,004
8,637
196,175
36,651
192,632
20,916
53,181
107,321
147,854
1,161,161
118,045
46,762
820,109
2,089,639
Turks Island
Jamaica .
6,400
57
103
50
183
47
291
250
131
166
133
97
1,754
76,000
Virgin Islands
St Cristopher
Nevis,
Antigua with Barbuda
Moutserrat
Dominica
St. Lucia
St Vincent
Barbados
Grenada .
Tobago
Trinidad
British Guiana
Total West Indies ....
88,683
24
13,500
7,000
1,105,402
11,451
25,635
592
£1,173,206
24,496
26,530
10,551
£1,175,067
85,627
25,614
8,616
£6,504,423
200,983
210,675
15,040
£8,036,565
40,239
323,170
17,325
Bermudas
Honduras
Falkland Islands
DOMINION OF CANADA.
Capital, Ottawa. Area, 376,988 square miles. Population, 3,464,766.
History. The old province of Quebec was, in 1791, divided into the two Governments of
Upper and Lower Canada, with representative institutions for each. In 1840, the two provinces
were reunited into the province of Canada, and the legislative councils consolidated. On Sept.
1, 1864, delegates appointed by the Governments of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince
Edward's Island, met at Charlottetown to confer as to the practicability of establishing a legis
lative union between the maritime provinces. Canadian delegates were informally present. A
legislative union of the maritime provinces was found by the conference to be impracticable,
but the delegates were unanimoiwly of opinion that a union on a larger basis (inclusive of
Canada) might be effective. The subject was fully discussed at the Inter-Colonial Conference
of Quebec, which was opened October 10, 1864, and consisted of 7 delegates from New Bruns
wick, 5 from Nova Scotia, 7 from Prince Edward's Island, 2 from New Foundland, and 12 from
Canada. The conference lasted 18 days, and adopted the "Seventy Two Resolutions" as a
plan of union. The Legislative Council of Canada, February 20, 1865, adopted a resolution, by
45 to 15 votes, to petition the Queen for a legislative union of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Bruns
wick, New Foundland, Prince Edward's Island, into one Government. The same resolution
was passed by the House of Assembly on the 10th of March, by a vote of 91 (54 Upper Canada, 37
Lower Canada)to 33(25 Lower Canada, 8 Upper Canada). NewBrunswick, in 1865, chose a House
of Assembly hostile to the Quebec scheme ; but in 1866, at a new election, the Confederation ists
obtained a majority and union resolutions passed the House of Assembly by 31 to 8. The Nova
Scotia House of Assembly, in 1866, issued union resolutions by a vote of 31 to 18. Prince
Edward's Island repudiated the action of the delegates and declared against union. New Found-
land declared against any immediate action on the subject. The Legislature of British Colum
bia, in 1866, expressed a desire to be admitted into the Confederation. In December 1866, dele
gates from Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, met in London to draft a Constitution.
The English House of Lords passed a bill for the Confederation of the Provinces, February
26, 1867 ; the House of Commons March 8, and March 28 it received the royal sanction. A royal
proclamation of May 22, declared that the Dominion of Canada should commence its existence
on July 1, 1867. Serious opposition to the Confederation was shown in Nova Scotia, and at the
election of a new legislature, the anti-Confederationists carried almost every district.
Government. Governor General, Sir JOHN YOUNG, appointed, 1868. The Cabinet, ap
pointed July 1, 1867 : President of the Council, Hon. ADAM T. FERGUSON BLAIR; Minister of
Justice, Sir JOHN A. MACDONALD; Minister of Finance, Hon. A. T. GALT ; Minister of Militia,
Hon. G. E. CAR-TIER; Minister of Customs, Hon. S. L. TILLET; Minister of Excise, Hon. WILLIAM
HOWLAND ; Minister of Public Works, Hon. W. M'DOUGALL ; Minister of Marine and Fisheries,
Hon. P. MITCHELL ; Minister of Agriculture, Hon. JEAN C. CHAPALS ; Secretary for Canada, Hon.
HECTOR L. LANGEVIN; Secretary for the Provinces, Hon. T. ARCHIBALD; Postmaster General,
Hon. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL ; Heceiver General, Hon. JOHN KENNY.
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 535
F The executive is vested in a Governor General, styled " Governor General of British North
America," and appointed by the crown. He has a salary of £7,000 per annum, and holds au
thority in the name of the sovereign of Great Britain. The Governor General has the power to
give or withhold the royal assent to bills passed by the Senate and House of Assembly, or to
reserve the same till the royal pleasure be expressed. Such bills as are assented to by the gov
ernor in the name of the crown are, nevertheless, subject to disallowance by the sovereign,
within two years after the receipt of authentic copies by one of the principal secretaries of
state in Great Britain ; and no bills, reserved for the consideration of the crown, can have any
force, unless the royal assent be signified within two years after they have been presented to
the Governor General.
By the act of Confederation of 1867, the legislative authority of the Dominion of Canada is
vested in a Parliament of two houses, the Senate and the House of Assembly. The former
consists of thirty-nine membere, nominated for life by the Governor, and of the same number
elected by the people. At the first organization of the Canadian Confederation, the total of the
78 members of its Senate-— 48 for Canada, 18 for Nova Scotia, and 12 for New Brunswick— were
nominated by the crown. The House of Assembly comprises 181 members— 82 for Upper
Canada, 65 for Lower Canada, 19 for Nova Scotia, and 15 for New Brunswick. Members of the
House of Assembly must be possessed of freehold property of tho value of £800. Electors in
counties are required to be possessed of, or to occupy, property of the assessed actual value of
£50, or the yearly value of £5 ; while electors in towns must be possessed of, or occupy,
property of the yearly value of £7. 10s. Members of the House of Assembly, during session,
have an allowance from the pubjic funds. Clergymen of all denominations are ineligible. The
House is elected for four years, but may be previously dissolved by the Governor, in which case
a new election must take place immediately. At least one session must be held annually.
All proceedings and records of the Legislative Assembly are ordered to be kept, by the act of
1840, in the English language only. The Speaker of the House of Assembly is elected by the
members, while the president of the Senate is appointed by the crown for life.
Army. In addition to the troops maintained by the English Government, Canada has a large
volunteer force, and an enrolled militia, numbering about 200,000 men, rank and file. The militia
is divided into three classes, namely, first class service men, comprising unmarried men and
widowers without children between 18 and 45 ; second class service, married men and widowers
with children, between same ages ; third class service men, those between 45 and 60. The
present volunteer force of Canada consists of 10,615 infantry, 1,687 artillery, 1,615 cavalry, and
202 engineers.
Statistics of Population. The population of the Colonies now comprised in the Domin
ion of Canada was 3,464,766, in 1865; in January, 1861, it was as follows:
Males. Females. Total.
Upper Canada (now Ontario) 925,575 670,516 1,396,091
Lower Canada, (now Quebec) 567,864 543,702 1,111,566
New Brunswick 129,948 122,099 252,047
Nova Scotia 165,584 165,273
Total 1,788,971 1,501,590 3,090,561
The annual rate of increase during the deceunium from 1851 to 1861 was 4.34 per cent, for
Ontario, 2.50 per cent, for Quebec, 2.60 per cent, for New Brunswick, 1.82 per cent, for Nova
Scotia, 2.07 per cent, for Prince Edward's Island. At this rate of increase, and making estimates
for the remainder of British North America, (New Foundland, British Columbia, Hudson's
Bay Territory), in 1961 the population will be 79,957,000.
INDIAN POPULATION. FRENCH POPULATION.
Ontario 7,841 Ontario 33,287
Quebec 4,876 Quebec 847,320
New Brunswick 1,212 New Brunswick 25,000
Nova Scotia 1,407 Nova Scotia 20,859
Prince Edward's Island 350 Prince Edward's Island 10,000
New Foundland New Foundland 20,000
British Columbia and Vancouver's Isl.. .23,000 British Columbia and Vancouver's Isl. . 2,000
Hudson's Bay Territory 80,000 Hudson's Bay Territory 10,000
Total 118,686 Total
The density of population is as follows :
Ontario '. ....IStosq. m. Prince Edward's Island 44 to sq. m.
New Brunswick 10 ': New Foundland 3 "
Quebec 6 " British Columbia and Vancou-
Nova Scotia ....21 " ver's Island 1 to 5 "
The Dominion ..10 " Hudson's Bay Territory. ..1 to 50 "
536
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Productions. The average total quantity and value of the yearly raw products of the
Dominion are about as follows :
Grain, viz : .... Wheat ... ... 30,000,000 bushels.
Barley 8,000,000
Oats 50,000,000
Buckwheat 4,000,000
Indian Cora 3,000,000
Rye 2,000,000
97,000,000 bushels. Value, $60,000,000
Peas,etc 15,000,000 " " 12,000,000
Roots, viz: Potatoes 50,000,000 bushels.
Turnips, etc 25,000,000
75,000,000 " " 25,000,000
Hay 2,500,000 tons. " 25,000,000
Butter and Cheese 75,000,000 Ibs. " 10,000,000
Meats, viz : ... .Mutton 250,000,000 Ibs.
Beef 200,000,000 "
Pork 150,000,000 "
600,000,000 " " 35,000,000
Pish 80.000,000 " " 3,500,000
Lumber, viz : . . Oak 1,500,000 cubic feet.
Elm 1,500,000
White Pine 25,000,000
Red 4,000,000
Tamarac and Spruce 2,000,000
Miscellaneous 1,000,000
35,000,000 cubic feet. Value, $30,000,000
Wool 10,000,000 Ibs. " 5,000,000
Miscellaneous " 5,000,000
Total " $210,500,000
JAMAICA.
This is the largest of the British possessions in the West Indies. The area is 6,400 square
miles ; the entire coast line, 500 miles. It is divided into three counties, Middlesex, Surrey,
and Cornwall, and these are subdivided into sixteen parishes ; the former number (twenty-two),
having been recently reduced by the union of some of the smaller parishes with larger ones.
The population, according to the latest census taken, was 441,264, of which 13,816 were whites,
81,074 of mixed blood, and 346,374 blacks. The increase from 1844 to 1861, was 63,a31.
Since the abolition of the representative institutions, by the vote of the old Legislature, the
colony is governed as a crown colony, the administration being carried on by the Governor with
the assistance of three executive officers, receiving their appointments from England. There
is, besides, a Legislative Council, consisting of thirteen members, inclusive of the Governor,
who is president. Of the other twelve, six are official and six unofficial, but all are nominated
by,and subject to removal at the will of, the Crown.
The principal exports of the island are sugar, rum, coffee, pimento, ginger, and dye-woods.
The revenue for 1867, amounted to $1,477,420, showing a deficiency of $281,555. This deficiency
is accounted for by the falling off in the two most important branches of revenue — customs and
excise— the former having fallen below the estimates, $149,115 ; the latter, $138,195.
16. DANISH POSSESSIONS.
Square mile.. Inhabitants.
Greenland, (North America) 759,814 10,000
St. Thomas and St. John, (West Indies) 45 15,037
St. Croix, (West Indies) 74 23,194
Total 759,933 48,231
In 1867 St. Thomas and St. John were sold to the United States, but at the close of the year
1868, the purchase had not been ratified by Congress.
Only a small portion of Greenland has ever been explored. The population given above is
that of the 13 Danish colonies (districts). Of the population outside of these colonies no reliable
estimate can be formed. The number of Europeans is 250. The colonies are divided into the
two inspectorates of South and North Greenland ; the former containing six and the latter
seven districts. The number of European settlements is 38 ; besides these there are two Mis
sionary stations. Most of them are established on the western coast. The principal villages
are Frederick's Harbor, Julian's Harbor, Upernavik, and Good Hope.
1869.] FOREIGN STATES— AMERICA. 537
17. DUTCH POSSESSIONS.
Square miles. Inhabitant*.
Dutch Guiana, (South America) 62,747 59,078
Curacoaand other Islands, (Aruba, part of St. Martin,
Bonaire, St. Eustache, Saba; West Indies) 368 33,443
Total ... 63,115 92,521
18. FRENCH POSSESSIONS.
Square miles. Inhabitants.
Martinique, (West Indies) 381 137,673
Guadeloupe and Dependencies, (West Indies) 635 149,331
Guiana, (South America) , 35,080 25,137
St. Pierre and Miquelon, (North America) 81 3,536
Total... ...36,177... ...315,677
19. SPANISH POSSESSIONS.
Square miles. Inhabitants.
Cuba and adjacent islands 48,489 1,396,530
Porto Rico and adjacent islands 3,596 583,308
Total 52,085 1,979,838
CUBA.
This is the most important island of the western hemisphere. Its greatest length is 750
miles ; its breadth varies from 130 to 25 miles, and its total area is 48,489 square miles, being
nearly equal to the area of Belgium, Holland, Denmark, and Switzerland taken together. It
has a soil of the utmost fertility, yielding many of the most precious articles of commerce ; in
the mineral kingdom its resources are considerable, its copper mines being among the most
productive to be found in the western hemisphere. The island has now twenty-seven different
lines of railway of a total length of over 800 miles, and the construction of these roads has
been attended with an extraordinary extension of cultivation.
The population of Cuba is rapidly increasing ; it had, according to official returns, 170,370
inhabitants in 1775; 272,140 in 1791 ; 551,993 in 1817; 704,487 in 1827 (311,051 whites, 106,494 free
colored, 286,942 slaves) ; in 1846, 898,752 (425,767 white, 149,226 free colored, 323,759 slaves) ; in
1862, 1,359,238 (764,750 white, 225,938 free colored, 368,560 slaves). From 1858 to 1S62, 9,462 slaves
obtained their liberty either by purchase or by gift of their masters. Many slaves besides were
liberated every year by private document, and many children of slaves were registered as free,
their liberty being obtained by gift of the masters or by payment of $25 before birth. A decree
of the Provisional Government of Spain, in October 1868, provided that all children of slaves,
born thereafter, should be free. Cuba is divided into three provinces. The Government is
vested in a Captain-General who is the military commandant of the whole island, and the civil
governor of one of the three provinces. The chief towns of Cuba are Havana, Santiago,
Matanzas, Santa Clara, Santa Maria, and Trinidad.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS. 1836. 1862.
Sugar arrobas 17,729,589 41,418,441
Coffee " 1,470,754 741,542
Tobacco cragas 168,094 305,626
Indian corn fanegas 942,491 2,179,724
Rice arrobas 929,658 1,747,474
Wax " 32,326 68,420
PORTO Rico is thus divided in population :— Pure whites, 300,430; free colored, 241,142;
slaves, 41,736. The exports, in 1860, were valued at £1,100,000, and the imports at £1,500,000.
20. SWEDISH POSSESSIONS.
Square miles.
St. Bartholomew 16
Ceded by France to Sweden in 1784. Its shape is irregular ; soil, fertile, though the island is
generally destitute of fresh water. Products, sugar, tobacco, cotton and cocoa.
538 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
II. EUROPE.
1. AREA— POPULATION— MOVEMENT AND DENSITY OP POPULATION— NATIONALITIES— THE
GREAT POWERS— FORMS OF GOVERNMENT— CIVILIZATION.
The total area of Europe is estimated at 3,781,280 square miles ; the total
population at 293,083,000. Among the large divisions of the world, Europe
occupies the fourth place in point of area, being much inferior to Asia,
America and Africa, and superior only to Australia and Polynesia. In point
of population, it occupies the second place, being inferior only to Asia, and
superior to Africa, America and Australia.
The increase of population during the last century has been very rapid.
In 1787 it was estimated at 150,000,000 ; at present it exceeds 293,000,000.
It has therefore nearly doubled in 80 years, notwithstanding the devastating
wars from 1793 to 1815, of 1854, 1859 and 1866. It ranks first among the
large divisions of the world in density of population. The densest popula
tion is to be found in Belgium and the kingdom of Saxony ; the thinnest in
Russia, Sweden and Norway. In general, western Europe is more densely
peopled than eastern Europe.
Nearly the whole population of Europe belongs to the Caucasian race, using
the Indo-European class of languages, and in particular, one of the three chief
branches — the Germanic, Greco-Latin, and Slavic. The former embraces the
Germans, the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons. The Greco-Latin branch
comprises the Greeks, Rumanians, Italians, French, Spaniards, Portuguese, and
Albanians. The Slavi, who occupy the whole of eastern Europe, embrace
the Russians, Poles, Czechi, Moravians, Croats, Slavonians, Wends, Servians,
Bulgarians. The population of Ireland, northern and middle Scotland,
Wales, and the Bretagne (in France), is of Celtic origin ; but the Celtic lan
guage has to a large extent disappeared, and politically the Celts have been
absorbed by, or are at least subject to other races. The Magyars in Hun
gary, the Szeklers in Transylvania, the Finns in Finland, the Lapps, the
Esthonians and a number of smaller tribes in European Russia bdong to the
Finnish branch of Indo-Europeans. The Basques in the Pyrenees are re
garded as the descendants of the Iberians, the primitive inhabitants of Spain.
Of the political divisions of Europe, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, Nor
way, Denmark, Holland and the great majority of the cantons of Switzer
land are Germanic countries : in Austria, the Germanic nationality prevails
in the provinces of Austria above the Ens, Austria below the Ens, Salzburg,
Styria, Carinthia, the Tyrol, and Silesia ; in Russia, the three Baltic provin
ces, Livonia, Esthonia and Courland, are under the predominant influence of
the Germanic nationality, although the Germans do not constitute a majority
of the population ; in Belgium about four-sevenths are Germans. States in
which the Greco-Latin languages prevail are France, Italy, Spain, Portugal,
Greece, Rumania (a dependency of Turkey), and the cantons of south-western
Switzerland. To the same family belong three- sevenths of the Belgians and
a part of the Tyrol. The only Slavic Empire is Russia ; but the Slavi also
prevail in Servia and Montenegro (Turkish dependencies), in the Turkish
FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE.
539
provinces of Bosnia and Bulgaria, and in the Austrian provinces of Bohemia,
Moravia, Carniola, Goritz, Istria, Gallicia, Bukovina, Dalmatia, Croatia. In
general, the Slavi constitute the majority of the population of European
Turkey, and nearly one-half of the total population of Austria. In Hun
gary, Magyars are the dominant race, and in Turkey the Turks ; but the
Turks do not constitute a majority of the total population in European Tur
key, nor are the Magyars a majority of population in the countries belong
ing to the Hungarian crown. With the exception of about three and a half
millions of Jews, six and a half millions of Mohammedans, and about five
hundred thousand pagans, the inhabitants of Europe belong to the Christian
religion. (For details see the tables of Religious Statistics.)
The countries of Europe have for many centuries been at the head of
civilization, and no country outside of Europe, can compare with its leading
powers in this particular, except the United States. No part of Europe
is a dependency of a non-European power, while the whole of Australia, the
larger portion of Asia, and a considerable part of America, Africa and Poly
nesia are possessions and dependencies of European powers. (See America,
Asia, Africa, and Polynesia.} France, Great Britain, Austria, Russia and
Prussia are commonly called the Great Powers, wThich from time to time
meet in European Conferences for the pacific solution of great European
complications. Of late Italy has commonly been admitted to these Con
ferences.
There are in Europe four empires, (France, Austria, Russia, and Turkey) ;
thirteen kingdoms (including Spain and counting Sweden and Norway as
one) ; one ecclesiastical State, (the States of the Church) ; 7 Grand Duchies,
5 Duchies, 8 Principalities (not including Rumania and Servia, which are
dependencies of Turkey) ; 6 Republics, (Switzerland, San Marino, Andorra,
Bremen, Hamburg, and Lubeck).
2. THE STATES OF EUROPE.
The following table gives a list of all the European States, their area and population, the
name and title of the ruler of each, the year of his accession, and the form of government.
ST>T».
Sq. miles.
Inhabitants.
Name and Title of Ruler.
Tear of
Accession.
Form of Government.
Andorra
Anhalt
149
1,026
240,381
5,912
29,373
11,373
74
1,425
14,734
40,258
209,428
121,115
145
18,347
1,006
156
2,970
109,837
438
12,000
197,041
35,553,000
1,434,970
4,824,421
4,984,451
109,572
803,401
1,608,095
75,909
38.192,094
29,321,288
163,683
1,096,810
251,712
305,196
823,138
24,368,787
111,352
Two Syndics
Republic.
Limited Monarchy.
Constitutional Mon.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Free City.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Con. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim.Mon., 2 Houses.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Free City.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Leopold Duke
1817
1848
1852
1864
1865
1868
1831
1863
1852
1837
1863
1868
1849
1861
1851
Austria
Francis Joseph, Emperor.
Frederic, Grand Duke. . .
Ludwig II Kinw
Baden
Bavaria
Belgium
Leopold II.', King
Dr. Duckwitz, Burgo'ter..
William, Duke....
j- Christian IX., King....
Napoleon III., Emperor. .
(Victoria, Queen...
Bremen
Brunswick
Denmark
Faroe and Iceland. .
France
Great Britain . . .
Heligoland, Gibraltar
and Malta
j- George I., King
Dr. Sieveking, Burgo'ter.
Louis III., Grand Duke..
Victor Emanuel II., King.
Leopold, Prince
Greece
Ionian Islands
Hamburg
Hesse-Darmstadt
Italy .
Lippe Detmold
540
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
THE STATES OF EUROPE. — Continued.
[1869.
Bun.
Sq. miles.
Inhabitants.
Name and Title of Ruler.
Tear of
Accession.
Form of Gorernmcnt.
Lippe-Schaumburg
Liechtenstein .
171
62
107
5,190
1,052
6
12,680
991
2,469
1$
135,806
145
320
7,862,568
22
5,779
510
760
956
1,404
374
332
195,607
4,552
170,634
120,295
15,722
131,295
46,710
21.218
1,709
433
7,532
31,186
7,994
48,538
560,618
98,770
1,887
3,552,665
199,958
315,622
3,987,861
363,658
24,043,296
43,889
88,097
77,008,448
5,779
2,423,401
141,426
168,735
180,335
283,044
75,074
67,500
16,302,625
723,121
4,160,677
1,701,478
2,510,494
13,544,000
3,86-1,848
1,078,281
196,238
56,805
1.778,479
Adolphus, Prince
John 11., Prince
Dr. Roeck, Burgomaster.
Fred. Francis, G1 iidDuke
Fred. Win., Grand Duke.
Charles III., Prince
}• William III., King
Peter Grand Duke
1860
LS5K
1867
1842
I860
1856
1849
1853
1861
1861
1859
1867
1855
1868
1854
1853
1844
1866
1853
1814
1867
1868
1846
1859
1868
1861
1866
1868
IWil
1845
1864
Lim. Men., 1 Cham.
Constitutional Mon.
Free City.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.,
Limited Monarchy.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Absolute Mon.
Republic, 2 Houses.
Lim. Moii., 2 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
Lirn. Mon., 1 Cham.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
j To be decidedby a
j Consti'nt Assemb.
Absolute Sovereig'y.
Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Federal Republic.
Absolute Mon.
Limited Monarchy.
Limited Monarchy.
Limited Monarchy.
Lim. Mon., 1 Cham.
;Lim. Mon., 2 Cham.
Lubeck
Meck.-Schwerin
Meek -Strelitz
Monaco
Netherlands
Luxcmbur<r
Portugal
Azores and Madeira. .
Prussia
[• Louis I., King
William I., King...
Reuss-Elder line
Reuss-Younger line
Russia
Henry XXII., Prince
Henry XIV., Prince
Alexander II., Czar
Two Regents
John, King
Ernest Duke
San Marino
Saxony
Saxe-Altenburg
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha —
Saxe-Meiningen
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Schwarzb'g-Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg - Sonders-
hausen
Ernest II., Duke
George Duke
Chas. Alex., Grand Duke.
Fred. Giinther, Prince....
Albert, Prince
Spain
States of the Church. . .
Sweden .. .
Marshall Serrano, head of
Provisional Gov
Pius IX., Pope
j- Charles XV., King
Dr. J. Dubs, Pres. Fed.Co.
Abdul Azis, Sultan
Norway
Switzerland
Turkey
Rumania
Charles, Prince
Servia
Montenegro
Milan IV., Prince
Nicolaus I., Prince
George Victor, Prince —
Charles I., King
Waldeck
Wurtemberg
AUSTRIA.
Capital, Vienna. Area, 240,381 square miles. Population, 35,553,000.
History. Establishment of a Margravate of Austria by Charlemagne, 791 ; Leopold I. of
Babenberg, appointed Margrave. 983 ; First Duke of Austria, Henry Jasomirgott, 1141—1177 ;
extinction of the House of Babenberg with the death of Duke Frederic, 1246 ; Austria under
the immediate administration of the Emperors (" Austrian Interregnum"), 1246—1282; acces
sion of the House of Hapsburg, two sons of Rudolf of Hapsburg, Albrecht and Rudolf being
appointed rulers of Austria, Styria, and Carinthia, 1282; Albrecht sole Duke of Austria, Styria,
and Carniola, 1283 ; Carinthia united with Austria, 1335 ; the Tyrol united with Austria, 1363 ;
Albrecht V. elected German Emperor, (under the name of Albrecht II.), 1438; the imperial
crown subsequently remained with the rulers of Austria almost without interruption until the
dissolution of the German Empire ; Hungary and Bohemia united with Austria under Albrecht
V. (died 1439), but again lost after the death of Ladislav, 1457 ; Austria made an Archduchy,
1453; the Netherlands united with Austria, 1477 ; Charles V. (1519—1556), inherited Spain, which
however, was again separated from Austria on his death ; his brother Ferdinand, who had
been ruler of Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia from 1526, succeeding him in
Austria, and his son Philip in Spain ; division of the territory among the sons of Ferdinand on
his death, 1564 ; re-united in 1665 ; Transylvania united with Austria, 1683 ; large possessions in
Italy (Milan, Naples, Sardinia), united with Austria by the Peace of Utrecht, 1713 ; Loss of
Silesia, 1742 ; Gallicia united with Austria, 1772 ; Emperor Francis II. assumed the name of
Emperor of Austria, 1804 ; dissolution of the German Empire, 1806 ; by the treaty of Vienna,
1815, Austria received its present territory, and Lombardy and Venetia in Italy ; Lombardy lost,
1859 ; Venetia lost, 1866 ; Great Revolution and convocation of a Constituent Assembly. 1848 ;
Hungary declared herself independent, 1848 ; was conquered, 1849 ; a constitution proclaimed by
the government for the whole empire, 1849 ; conclusion of the concordat, 1855 ; proclamation
1839.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 541
of a new constitution, Feb. 26, 1861 ; first session of the new Reichsrath (Parliament), May 1,
1861 ; reconstruction of Austria on the basis of dualism, 1867, the country being divided in point
of administration into two parts, the one comprising the German and Slavic crownlands ; the
other Hungary and its dependencies. (See Government).
Area. The total area of the Austrian Empire is 240,381 square miles. The area of the Cis-
Leithauian Division is 115,925 square miles, of which Bohemia has 20,062, and Gallicia, 30,313.
The area of the Trans-Leithanian Division is 124,456 square miles, viz : Hungary, 82,839 ; Croatia
and Slavonia, 7,443; Transylvania, 21,289, and the Military Frontier, 12,955. The following
statement shows the changes in the area of the Austrian empire since 1780 :
1780 232,999 sq. m. 1815 256,559 sq. m.
1797 251,626 kt 1859 248,311 "
1807 231,497 " 1866 240,381
1810 189,883 "
Population. The total population of Austria, according to the last official census, (1857),
was 32,530,002. According to the " Statistisches Jahrlntch der Oestreich. Monarchic /zV'rlSGG,"
(Vienna, 1868), it was calculated at 35,553,000. Austria is separated into two administrations,
each of which has its own Parliament. The former comprises the German and Slavic crown-
lands ; the latter Hungary and the crownlands dependent upon the Hungarian crown. The
former is called Cis-Leithania, (the provinces this side of the river Leitha) ; the second, Trans-
Leithania, (the provinces on the other side of the river Leitha).
The population of Austria belongs to four principal races : The Germans, the Slavi, the
Rumanians, and the Magyars, (Hungarians). Their relative numbers according to the census
of 1857, were as follows : Germans, 7,877,675 ; Slavi, 14.986,754 ; Rumanians, 3,196,079 ; Hun
garians, 4,947,134 ; of other families, 1,209,949.
The following cities have more than 50,000 inhabitants : Vienna, (1864), 578,525 ; Prague,
(1857), 142.588; Pesth, (1857), 131,705; Triest, (1857), 104,707; Lemberg, (1857), 70,384 ; Gratz,
(1857), 63,176 ; Szegedin, (1857), 62,700; Brunn, (1857,) 58,809 ; Maria-Theresienstadt, 53,499.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. FRANCIS JOSEPH I. Emperor of Austria, and King
of Hungary, born August 18, 1830; succeeded his uncle, Ferdinand I. as Emperor of Austria,
December 2, 1848 ; crowned King of Hungary, June 8, 1867 ; married April 25, 1854, to Eliza
beth, a Bavarian Princess, born 1837. Children— 1. Gisela, born July 12, 1856 ; 2. Rudolph, heir-
apparent, born August 21, 1858. Emperor Ferdinand I., Uncle of the Emperor, born April 19,
1793, abdicated in favor of his nephew, the present Emperor, Dec. 2, 1848. His brother, Arch
duke Francis Charles, bom Dec. 7, 1802, renounced the throne in favor of his son, the present
Emperor Francis Joseph. Archduke Albert, born August 3, 1817, son of the late celebrated
general. Archduke Charles ; commander-in-chief of the army of the South in the war against
Italy, 1866.
The present reigning family descended from Count Rudolph of Hapsburg, elected Emperor of
the Holy Roman Empire in 1273. Maria Theresa, the last descendant of this dynasty, married
Duke Francis I. of Tuscany, of the House of Lorraine. Emperor Francis I. (1792 — 1835,) re
nounced the Imperial crown of Germany, and assumed the title of Emperor of Austria.
The following is the list of the Sovereigns of Austria since the 16th century : Charles V.
1519; Ferdinand 1.1556; Maximilian II. 1564; Rudolph II. 1576; Matthias, 1611; Ferdinand
II. Ifil9 ; Ferdinand III. 1637 ; Leopold I. 1657 ; Joseph I. 1705 ; Charles VI. 1711 ; Maria
Theresa, 1740; Joseph II. 1780; Leopold II. 1790; Francis I. (as Emperor of Germany, Francis
II., as Emperor of Austria, Francis I.) 1792 ; Ferdinand I. (the former Ferdinands being Em
perors of Germany, not Emperors of Austria, he is called Ferdinand I.) 1835 ; Francis Joseph, 1848.
Government. Austria, a constitutional country since 1849, and a bipartite state since
1867, consists of a German-Slavic monarchy, (Cis-Leithania,) and a Hungarian kingdom, (Trans-
Leithania,) each having a separate legislature consisting of the Provincial Diets and a Central
Diet. (See Area and Population.) There are in Austria proper, or Cis-Leithania, fourteen Pro
vincial Diets, differing only in the number of deputies, and composed of the prelates of the
church and the chancellors of the universities, of the representatives of great estates, of towns,
of boards of commerce and trade-unions, and of rural communities. The Central Diet (Reich-
srath), consists of an Upper and a Lower Honse. The Upper House is formed of the princes
of the Imperial family, of a number of nobles, of the prelates of princely rank, and of any
other life-members nominated by the Emperor. The Lower House is composed of 203 mem
bers, elected by the Provincial Diets. It is incumbent upon the head of the State to assemble
the Reichsrath annually. The consent of this Parliament must be obtained to all laws regard
ing military duty ; its co-operation is necessary in all legislation on trade and commerce, cus
toms, banking, posting, telegraph and railway matters ; in examination of the estimates of the
income and expenditure of the State, of the bills on taxation, public loans and conversion
542 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
of the funds. To give validity to bills passed by the Reichsrath, the consent of both Houses
is required, as well as the sanction of the head of the State.
Ministry of Austria Proper. Premier, Prince CAKLOS AUERSPERG, (resigned Oct., 1868) ;
Deputy President, Count EDUARD TAAFFE ; Minister of the Interior, Dr. KARL GISKRA, born in
Moravia, 1820; Minister of Education, Dr. HASNER ; Minister of Commerce, HERB VON PLENER;
Minister of Justice, Professor EI>UARD HERBERT ; Minister of Finance, Dr. RUDOLF BRESTEL.
The constitution of the kingdom of Hungary was acknowledged and sworn to by the present
king, in 1867. It leaves the whole legislation and administration in the hands of the native
nobility, giving to the king little more than the chief command of the army, and the right and
duty to protect the country against foreign enemies. The power of legislation and of taxation
is vested in the Diet and the County Meetings. The Diet is composed of two Houses, the
Chamber of Magnates being formed of the prelates, the peers, the great officers of the Crown
and the lords-lieutenant of the 52 counties and of the barons. The Lower House is made up
of representatives of the towns and rural districts. The County Meetings elect the parliamen
tary deputies, as well as all county officers, and are occupied with local legislation and taxation,
and the general business of the district.
The Hungarian Ministry. Minister of War, Count JULIUS ANDRASSY, born 1825 ; Min
ister of Foreign Affairs, Count GEORGE FESTETICS; Minister of Finance, MELCHIOR LONYAY;
Minister of the Interior, Baron BELA VON WENKHEIM ; Minister of Education and Public Worship,
Baron JOSEPH VON EOTVOS, born 1813 ; Minister of Justice, Count BALTHASAR VON HORVATH ;
Minister of Public Works, Count EMERICH MIKO ; Minister of Agriculture, Industry, and Com
merce, STEPHEN VON GOROVE.
The Sovereign of Hungary, though Emperor of Austria, is styled "king," in all public acts.
The exchequer is managed by the " Hofkammer " at Buda.
The present ministry is supported by a strong majority, directed by F. Deak, the head of the
"Liberal-Conservative11 party, the most influential in the country; its organ is the Pesti Na-
plo, (Pesth Journal.) The opposition is now composed of the Left and the Central Left.
Ministry of the Empire— Reichsministerium — for common affairs, first appointed Decem
ber 24, 1867 : Minister of Foreign Affairs and Imperial Household, Count FERDINAND VON BEUST,
Chancellor of the Empire; Minister of Finance, Baron FRANZ KARL VON BECKE; Minister of
War, Baron FRANZ KUHN VON KUHNENFELDT.
The following affairs have been declared common and pertaining to all the lands of the Aus
trian monarchy, by the law of Dec. 21, 1867. 1. The foreign affairs, including diplomatic and
commercial representation. 2. War affairs, including war, marine, the granting of recruits
and the manner of serving in the army. 3. Financial affairs, regarding expenses common to
all the Austrian provinces, especially the current year's estimates and examination of accounts.
The commercial affairs, especially legislation on tariff and duties, indirect taxation, coin and
money, general railroads, and army regulations, are treated according to principles agreed
upon from time to time by the different Diets. The costs of the common administration are
defrayed by both divisions of the Empire, and fixed upon by mutual understanding of the re
spective Diets, sanctioned by the Emperor. The same rule obtains as to paying off the public
debt. The administration of the common affairs is given to a responsible ministry. The
delegation of the Central Diet consists of sixty members, one-third of whom are taken from
the Upper, and two-thirds from the Lower houses. The delegates and their alternates are
chosen yearly, but may be re-elected. The consent of both delegations and the sanction of the
Emperor are required to enact a law. The Common Ministry is responsible to the Central Diet.
A resolution is made valid only by absolute majority of all the members. The members of this
Central Diet are inviolable and irresponsible. Their sessions are generally public.
Education. Number of educational establishments in the years 1851 and 1857 :
1851. 185T.
Superior Institutions 206 255
Middle Schools 388 442
Military Schools 68.. 53 »
National Schools 41.860 47,270
Other Schools 1,676 592
Total 44,193 48,612
There are eight universities in the Empire, at Vienna, Prague, Pesth, Gratz, Cracow, Inns-
pruck, Lemberg, and Linz. The number of students attending these institutions amounted, in
1860, to 8,256. There are seven Polytechnic schools, and 129 Theological Seminaries. The Ger
man population of the Empire ie most advanced in general education ; the least advanced are
the Croats, Slavonians, and Dalmatians. At the conscription of 1857, it was found that of 2,649
recruits in the Archduchy of Austria, 2,323 were able to read and write ; while in Bohemia.
1889.]
FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE.
543
there were among 11,213 recruits only 6,597, and in Dalmatia, among 928, only 9 able to read
and write.
Finances. The following table exhibits, in round numbers, the total net revenue of the
Empire in each year from 1850 to 1863 :
1850. . . ... 197,000°000 florins.
1851 225,000,000
1852... 230,000,000
1853 . 238,000.000
1854 250,000,000
1855 283,000,000
1856 .. 880,000,000
The annual expenditure and deficit in the same period were as follows :
Tear. Expenditure.
1851 .... 296,000,000 florins.
1852.... 310.000,000
1853.... 321, 000,000
..407,000,000
..441.000,000
..371,000,000
..371,000.000
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
Tear. Revenue.
1857 317,000,000 florins.
1858 315,000,000
1859 261,000,000
1860. . ; 302,000,000
1861 319.000,000
1862 307,000,000
1863 320,000,000
Year.
1858.
1859.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
Expenditure.
..367,000, 000 florins.
..317,000,000
..345,000,000
..368,000,000
..387,000,000
..395,000,000
52,000,000 florins.
257,000,000
43,000,000
49,000,000
80,000,000
75,000,000 "
Deficit.
39,399,954 florins.
7,982,769 "
40,419,146 "
Deficit.
71,000,000 florins.
80,000,000
83,000,000
157,000,000
158,000,000
81,000,000
54,000,000
Budget Estimates Revenue. Expenditure.
From Nov.'l, 1863, to Dec. 31, 1864.. .570,047,335 florins. 609,447,289 florins.
Forl865 514,905,453 " 522,888,222 "
Forl866 490,854,7:35 " 531,273,881 "
The following shows the revenue, in round figures, for 1867 : Direct taxes, 107,000,000 florins ;
Indirect taxes and Monopolies, 208,000,000 florins ; Domaines and State Establishments, 75,000,-
000 florins ; Finances and Administration, 24,000,000 florins. Total, 414,000,000 florins.
Estimated expenditure for 1867 : Imperial Court, 5,000,000 florins ; Civil Administration, 203,-
000,000 florins; Army and Navy, 81,000,000 florins; National Debt, 152,000,000 florins. Total,
441,000,000 florins.
The amount of indebtedness has been increasing since 1789, nor have the different loans
negotiated in the last years afforded much relief. A forced paper currency was established in
1866, by declaring the one and five florin notes of the Austrian National Bank to be State notes ;
until withdrawn from circulation, they must be taken at the public treasuries at their full nomi
nal value. In consequence of the war against Italy and Prussia, the amount of State paper was
increased by 300,000,000 of florins in addition to the sums paid in 1865 and 1866. The public
debt of Austria December 31, 1866, was as follows :
Total of the former funded debt 20,343,582 florins.
Total of the new funded debt 2,449,801,129 "
Total of floating debt 434,657,428 "
Capital reserved for indemnities 14,915,550 "
Total of the public debt 2,919,717,689 florins.
Army and Navy. The Austrian army was thus constituted August 1, 1868 :
Ptace Footing. War Footing.
Infantry 153,700 608.447
Cavalry 39,229 42,705
Artillery, Engineers and Pioneers 43,072 105.019
Gend'armerie 7,927. 7,927
Total 243,928 764,096
The Austrian army is formed by conscription, to which every man is liable who has reached
his 20th year. The term of service is eight years in the regular army, and two years in the army
of reserve. The pay of the troops is smaller than that of any other country, except Russia.
There were, in 1867, 3 Field Marshals, 19 Feldzeugmeister and Generals of Cavalry, 71 Field
Marshal Lieutenants, and 114 Major Generals in active service.
A new law passed in 1868 by the Diet of both Hungary and Austria proper, raises the number
Of the army on its war footing to 800,000 men, and fixes the landwehr at 200,000.
Austria has 24 fortresses of the first and second rank, namely, Comorn. Carlsburg, Temesvar
Peterwardein, Eszek, Brod, Carlstadt, Cattaro, Arad, Munkacz, Cracow, Gradisca, Olmfltz, Leo-
poldstadt. Prague, Brixen. Theresienstadt, Kufstein, Linz, Salzburg, Buda, Ragusa, Zara, and
Pola. The last named is the chief naval fortress of the empire. Pola and Trieste are the har
bors for war ships.
The navy consisted, in 1867, of 66 steamers, 13,580 horse-power, 723 guns ; of 16 sailing ves
sels, 340 guns. The number of vice-admirals was increased to 4; there were 16 captains of
ships-of-the-line, 13 captains of frigates, 14 captains of corvettes, 105 lieutenants, 163 ensigns,
and 84 cadets, 19,463 sailors and marines.
544 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Commerce. The chief exports of Austria are : Corn and flour, hemp, tallow, glass beads,
olive oil, quicksilver, currants, cream of tartar, lard, seed, shumac, sponge, wood, and wool.
The principal imports are, cotton and woolen manufactures from Great Britain. The mineral
riches are great, but the mines have been explored only to a email extent. The following table
ehows the quantities of metals and minerals produced in Austria, and their average value at the
place of production :
Metala and Mineral.. ^ Quantities. ^^ Value in 1883.
Gold, pounds . 3,459 3,027 2,043,588 florins.
Silver " 63,239 70,6a5 3,177,923
Quicksilver, cwt., 3,819 4,451 528,616
Tin and Zinc,
EST'
25,530 24,384 286,297
48.070 46,718 2,653,721
131,564 136,079 1,725,667
6,218,627 6,367,663 21,516,787
98,696 130,339 89,734
46,167,796 45,566,852.
and Litharge,
Iron, (raw and cast)
Graphite,
Stone Coal,
The total value of the imports and exports, including bullion and specie, to and from all coun
tries, in 1860-1866, (exclusive of the province of Dalmatia,) is shown by the following table :
year. Imports. Exports.
18(30 257,000,000 florins 307,000,000 florins.
1861 272,000,000
1862 263,000,000
1863 285,000,000
1864.' .' 273,000,000
1865 (excluding bullion and specie). .257,000,000
4 <-»/>« OrtK K.(±A rf£±-t
309,000,000
326,000,000
322,000,000
351,000,000
345,000,000
330,086,050
1866 225,564,761
The " Society of the Austrian Lloyd " is an important trading society, established at Trieste,
in 1833 ; it commenced in 1836 to run regular lines of steamers to the chief ports of Turkey,
Egypt, and Greece, and possessed, in 1865, a fleet of 74 steamers, of 12,500 horse power.
'rhe length of railways in Austria, in June, 1864, was 3,450 English miles, constructed at an
expense of 748,627,030 florins.
The extent of the telegraphs in the Cis-Leithan provinces is 1,913 German miles, with 4,617
miles of wire, 1,253 miles of lines used for railway signals. In the course of 1867, 17 new offices
and 46 auxiliary stations were opened, and in all, 858 were at work at the end of the year; those
in Hungary are 135 in number.
2. BELGIUM.
Capital, Brussels. Area, 11,373 square miles. Population, 4,984,451.
History. In the 15th century, Belgium was a possession of the Duke of Burgundy ; on the
extinction of the House of Burgundy, inherited by Emperor Charles V. of Germany. After
the abdication of Charles, united with Spain, under his son Philip. From 1598 to 1621, an in
dependent kingdom ; then re-united with Spain. United with Austria by the treaty of Utrecht,
1713. From 1794 to 1815 a part of France. By the treaty of Vienna, 1815, united with Holland.
Established its independence, by the successful revolution of 1830.
Population. Belgium has a population of 440 to the square mile, it being the most densely
inhabited country in Europe. Of this population about two and a half millions are Flemish,
the remaining portion Walloon and French. The population has increased since the establish
ment of the kingdom in 1830, as follows:
1830 4,064,235. 1850 4,426,202.
1840 4,073,162. 1860 4,731,957.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. LEOPOLD II. King of the Belgians, born April 9,
13.35 ; son of Leopold I. the first king of the Belgians, former Duke of Saxe-Coburg, and of
Princess Louisa, daughter of Louis Philippe, King of the French. He ascended the throne
at his father's death, Dec. 10, 1865, and was married, Aug. 22,^1853, to Maria, Archduchess of
Austria, born Aug. 23, 1836, the daughter of the late Archduke Joseph of Austria. Children :
1. Princess Louise, born Feb. 18, 1858 ; 2. Prince Leopold, Count of Hainault and heir-apparent,
born June 12, 1859 ; 3. Princess Marie, born May 21, 1864. The king's sister, Princess Charlotte,
born June 7, 1840, was married July 27, 1857, to Archduke Maximilian of Austria, Emperor of
Mexico ; widow, June 19, 1867.
Government. Belgium is a constitutional monarchy, the legislative power being vested
in the King, the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate. The royal succession is in the
direct male line. The ministry is responsible ; the King convokes, prorogues, and dissolves
the Chambers, and executes the laws. He has the nominating power, and is the commander
1869.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 545
of the sea and land forces ; he declares war, and concludes treaties of peace, of alliance and
of commerce. Iii default of male heirs, the king may nominate his successor, with the consent
of the Chambers. The members of both Houses are chosen by the people. Every resolu
tion is adopted by an absolute majority ; in case of an equality of votes, the proposition is
thrown out. The Chamber of Representatives is composed of deputies chosen directly by all
citizens paying direct taxes. There is one member for every 40,000 inhabitants. The members
are elected for four years. In 1808, the Chamber had 124 members, of whom 73 belonged to the
Liberal, and 51 to the Catholic party. There were, in 1865, 13,152 persons possessed of the elec
toral franchise in Brussels, and 113,717 in the whole kingdom ; half the votes came under four
classes, viz : 25,000 farmers ; 11,425 spirit dealers ; 10,414 landed proprietors and life renters ;
and 9,819 retail shopkeepers.
The Senate is composed of one-half the number of Representatives. The members arc chosen
for eight years ; they do not receive any pay. All citizens are equal before the law, and enjoy
personal freedom in the fullest sense. Judges are appointed by the King, during good behavior.
The Ministry. Minister of Finance, HUBERT FRERE-ORBAN, appointed, 18C8, President
of Council ; Mi/titter of Justice, JULES BARA ; Minister of Foreign Affairs, JULES VAN DEB
STICUELEN; Minister of War, GEN. RENARD ; Minister of the Interior, EUDORE PIRMEZ.
Education. Education, which was compulsory under the Dutch Government, has ceased
to be so since 1830. The proportion of those who can not read and write, is about 30 per cent. ;
but much progress has been made in the last ten years. In the budget of 18G4, the sum set
down for public education amounted to four and a half million francs.
Finances. The average annual expenditure from 1831 to 1860, was 128,000,000 francs. The
budget for 1867, as voted by the Chambers, amounted to 166,000,000 francs. The estimates for
1868, are 169,000,000 for revenues, and 133,000,000 for expenditures. The national debt amount
ed May 1, 1868, to 717,000,000 francs ; it is paid off gradually by the surplus of income over ex
penditure, and the operation of the sinking fund. It is calculated that in 1884, the net income
of the State railways will be sufficient to pay the entire interest of the debt. Belgium has no
floating debt.
Army and Navy. The standing army of Belgium numbers 100,000 men, consisting of 16
regiments of infantry. 7 regiments of cavalry, and 4 regiments of artillery. The actual number
of soldiers under arms in 1866, amounted to 73,718 rank and file. The army is formed by con
scription, to which every able man who has completed his 19th year, is liable ; substitution is
permitted. Term of service, eight years, one-half of which is allowed on furlough. There aro
eleven fortresses in the kingdom : Antwerp, Mons, Charleroi, Philippeville, Tirlemont, Ash,
Tournay, Menin, Ypres, Ghent, and Namur. The Belgian navy consists of seven vessels, among
which there are two gunboats of 5 guns each.
Commerce. There entered, in 1865, at Belgian ports, 4,526 vessels, of 920,831 tons burthen,
and there cleared 4,444 vessels, of 911,749 tons, about four-fifths of the trade being carried on
by foreigners. In 1866, the total import was 747,000,000, the total export, 643,000,000 francs.
The State Railway is the largest source of national revenue. Of the 1,191 miles of railroad
lines, 467 are in the hands of the State. Of 100,000,000 passengers carried since 1835, only 6 were
killed by accidents resulting from the service. The net revenue has doubled within the last ten
years. As each conceded railway lapses gratuitously to the State in 90 years from the period
of ite construction, the entire system will, by the effect of time, become national property.
3. DENMARK.
Capital, Copenhagen. Area, 14,734 square miles. Population, 1,008,095.
History. Consolidation of the Danish territory into one kingdom by King Gorm, (dic'd 936) ;
subjection of Norway, in Uie latter half of the 10th century ; subjection of England completed by
Canute the Great (died 1035). Both Norway and England were lost again, and Denmark for a short
time subject to Norway; re-establishment of the independence of Denmark, 1047. Conquest
of Rugen by Waldemar I, (died 1182) ; of Pomerania andllolstein by Canute VI. (died 1201) ; of
Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Esthonia by Waldemar II, (1201— 1241) but all the German pos
sessions lost again, 1225. Separation of Schleswig from Denmark and organisation of Schleswig-
Holstein, 1 386. Re-union of Denmark and Norway under King Olaf, 1380 ; conquest of Sweden,
1389; and union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms, Denmark, Norway and Sweden confirmed
by the "Kalmar Union," 1397. Separation of Sweden, 1448. Norway ceded to Sweden, 1814.
Attempted incorporation of Schleswig with Denmark, 1848, and in consequence thereof, the
35
54C THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
first Schleswig-Holstein war, 1848— la^l. On the death of the childless King Frederic VII.
Prince Frederic of Schleswig-Holstein claimed the succession in Schleswig-Holstein. Holstein
occupied by the Federal Troops of Germany, 1863 ; war of Austria and Prussia against Den
mark, and occupation by them of Schleswig, 1864 ; cession of Schleswig-Holstein and Lauen-
burg, Oct. 30, 18(54.
Area and Population. The area of Denmark, excluding the colonies, is 14,734 square
miles ; that of its colonies, 40,323 square miles. The population, according to the census of
1860, (deduction being made of the territory detached by the treaty of Oct. 30, 1864), is 1,608,095;
that of its colonies is 124,020.
The population of Denmark proper has increased in the years 1855 — 1860 at the average rate
of 1.31 per cent. Denmark is a purely agricultural country ; the manufactories are but few in
number, and of small extent, there being no coal, and but little water-power. The number of
small proprietors is increasing from year to year. The capital, Feb. 1, 1860, had 155,143 inhabi
tants. The colonial possessions of Denmark consist of the islands of Faroe and Iceland.
Reigning- Sovereign and Family. CHRISTIAN IX. King of Denmark, born April 8, 1818,
the fourth son of the late Duke William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gliicksburg, and
Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel. Appointed to the succession of the crown of Denmark by
the protocol of London, signed May 8, 1852 ; succeeded to the throne on the death of King Fred
erick VII. Nov. 15, 1863 ; married to Louise, born Sept. 7, 1816, daughter of Landgrave William
of Hesse-Cassel. Children— 1. Prince Frederick, born June 3, 1843 ; 2. Princess Alexandra, born
Dec. 1, 1844, married, March 10, 1863, to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales ; 3. Prince William, born
Dec. 24, 1845, elected King of Greece, under the title George I. by the Hellenic National Assem
bly, March 31, 1863 ; 4. Princess Maria Dagmar, born Nov. 26, 1847, married Nov. 9, 18(56, to
Grand Duke Alexander, heir-apparent of Russia ; 5. Princess Thyra, born Sept. 9, 1853 ; 6. Prince
Waldeniar, born Oct. 27, 1858.
According to the treaty of Vienna, in 1864, the King of Denmark renounced all his rights to
Schleswig-Holstein and Lauenburg in favor of the King of Prussia and the Emperor of Austria.
The present king is the first of the House Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg, the
House of Oldenburg having reigned 415 years (from 1448 to 1863).
Government. The constitution of Denmark is embodied in the charter of June 5, 1849,
which was modified in 1863, revised and sanctioned by the King, in 1866. The "Rigsdag" (Diet)
enacts and amends laws in conjunction with the King. The Diet consists of the Landsthing
(Upper House) and the Folksthing ; the former having 66 members, 12 of whom are nominated
by the crown, while the rest are elected, for a term of 8 years ; the Folksthing consists of depu
ties, elected by the people for 3 years, for every 16,000 inhabitants. All money bills are in the first
instance submitted by the Government to the Folksthing. The ministry is responsible. The
Riggraad— Supreme Council of the Nation— consists of 47 members, appointed as follows :
Nominated by the Crown, 12 ; elected by the Landsthing, 6 ; elected by the Folksthing, 12 ;
elected by the qualified voters in different districts, 17. The fundamental law guarantees free
dom of election and association, freedom of the press, the right to assemble, individual liberty,
inviolability of residence, autonomy of the committees. All privileges by rank, title and birth
are abolished.
The chief Danish colony, Iceland, is divided into 3 districts ; the affairs of the island are
regulated by the Governor General, two deputy Governors and the Althing, composed of 20
members.
The Ministry. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count JTJEL VIND FRIJS VON FRIJSENBORO ;
Minister of the Interior, J. B. S. ESTRUP; Minister of Public Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs,
ALETH SOPHUS HANSEN, (1868) ; Minister of Justice, J. B. S. ESTRUP, (1868) ; Minister of Marine,
O. E. SUENSON; Minister of War, Major General W. R. VON RAESLAFF; Minister of Finance.
O. A. FONNESBECH.
Education. Elementary Education is widely diffused in Denmark, the attendance at school
being obligatory from the age of 7 to 14 years. Beside the University of Copenhagen, there are
colleges at Loroe and Aalborg, together with grammar school;*, academies and normal schools,
in all the considerable towns. The number of parochial schools, in which the children of the
poor are educated at public expense, is above 4.000.
Finances. The estimated Revenue for 1867—1868 is 22,029,637 rix dollars. The estimated
expenditure for the same period is 23,114,372 rix dollars. The public debt of the Kingdom,
March 31, 1866, was 131,116,340 rix dollars. To this debt was added, in 1867, a new loan of 10,-
000,000 rix dollars. Total debt in 1868, 132,685,400 rix dollars.
Army and Navy. The Danish army is formed by conscription, to which every man in
good health, who has reached his 22d year, is liable. The first period of service lasts 5 years ;
1869.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 547
the second reserve extends to the age of 38 years. During the war with Austria and Prussia,
1803-1804, there were in the field. 49,300 infantry, 10,600 cavalry, and 9,000 artillery, with 44 guns.
The present army consists, according to the law of July 6, 1867, of 34,000 infantry, 1,900 cavalry,
7,700 artillery, and 1,150 engineers ; total, 44,750 men.
The Danish Navy consisted, at the end of March, 1867, of 3 frigates and 2 floating batteries
iron-cased, carrying a total of 55 guns ; 1 steamship-of-the-line, 64 guns, 4 steam frigates, with
an aggregate armament of 162 guns ; 3 steam corvettes, with 44 guns, 4 schooners, mounting
11 guns ; 7 iron gun-boats, with an aggregate of 13 guns ; 6 paddle-wheel vessels, carrying to
gether 38 guns. Of sailing-vessels, Denmark possessed 1 frigate, 1 corvette of 20 guns, a flotilla
of row-boats (30), besides transports (37). The Navy is manned and officered by 1,308 men, 1
Vice Admiral, 3 Rear Admirals, 11 Captains.
Commerce. The imports consist entirely of agricultural products. Jutland is the great
cattle-breeding province of the kingdom. The exports are chiefly coals and iron. In 1863, the
imports amounted to 39,000,000 rix dollars, the exports to 23,000,000. The commercial marine
of Denmark consisted, exclusive of the duchies, Dec. 31, 1866, of 3,140 sailing vessels, of a total
of 138,944 tons ; there were, besides, 47 steamers, of 4,376 tons and 2,706 horse power.
4. FRANCE.
Capital, Paris. Area, 209,428 square miles. Population, 38,192,094.
History. Clovis, king of the Salic Francs put an end to Roman rule in Gaul, 486 ; Charle
magne (died 814) ruler over France, Germany and Italy ; separation of the three countries by
the treaty of Verdun, 843; rule of the Carlovingians in France until 987 ; of the Capetingians
from 987 to 1328 ; of the House of Valois, (a side branch of the House of Capet), from 1328 to
1589; of the House of Bourbon, (a side branch of the House of Valois), from 1589 to 1793;
France a Republic from 1793 to 1804 ; Napoleon I. from 1804 to 1814 ; the Bourbons again, 1814 to
1848; Republic 1848— 1852 ; Napoleon III. from 1852.
Area. The area of France is 209,428 square miles, that of its colonies, 196,060. France is
divided into 89 departments, with 373 arrondissements, 2,941 cantons, and 37,548 communes.
Population. The population of France at the end of 1866, was 38,192,094; that of Algeria,
2,999,124, and that of all other colonies, 3,061,888. The increase of population in France within
the last century has been comparatively less than in any other state of western Europe, as
exhibited in the following table, which also shows the result of the sanguinary wars of the first
empire, as well as of the Crimean Expedition. The population was :
1801 27,349,003 1841 34,230,178
1806 29,107,425 1851 35,7&3,170
1821 30,461,875 1856 36,039,364
1831 ?.32,569,223 1866 38,192,094
The rural population is about 22,000,000. Of the 8,000,000 belonging to the industrial and
working classes, 3,000,000 are inhabitants of towns. There are fully 6,000,000 houses in France,
the greater number of them cottages with sinall plots of land. The rural population suffered
a diminution of 1.18 per cent, in the period 1836—1861. Each of the following cities contains
more than 50,000 inhabitants :
Paris 1,825.274 Havre 74,900
Lyons, 323,954 Roubaix 65,091
Marseilles 300,131 Amiens 61,06ft
Bordeaux 194,241 Rheims 60,73*
Lille 154,749 Nimes 60,240 '
Toulouse 126,936 Muhlhouse. 58,773
Nantes 111,956 Montpellier 55,606
Rouen 100,671 Metz 54,817
St. Etienne 96,620 Angers 54,791
Strasbourg 84,167 Limoges 53,022
Brest 79,847 Nice 50,180
Toulon 77,126
The proportion of births to the population is seen in the subjoined table :
Inhabitants for Births for every Inhabitants for Births for every
every Birth. 100 Inhabitants. every Birth. 100 inhabitant*.
1861 87.50 2.68 18(54 37.58 2.66
1862". 37.70 2.65 1805 37.67 2.65
1863 37.18 2.69
Average, 37.49 2.67
The average proportion of natural children for every 100 births, was 7.56 in 1861—1863, that
of still-born children in the same period, 4.32 ; that of marriages for every 100 inhabitants was
0.80, of inhabitants for every marriage, 124.9. The average proportion of legitimate children
for every marriage wa*, in 1861—1865, 3.08 per cent. The number of inhabitants for 1 death
548
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809.
was 43.79 ; the mortality for every 100 inhabitants was 2.29. The number of emigrants amount
ed in 1849-58, to less than 200,000 individuals, while in the same period, Germany lost by emi
gration, 1,200,000, and Great Britain 2,750,000. Of 8,752 emigrants in 18C1, 2,418 went to Algeria ;
there were 0,800 emigrants in 1862 ; of 5,771 emigrants in 18G3, 1,480 went to Algeria.
As regards nationality, about 32,503,000 of the population in France belong to the French
race, (including 12,500,000 of the Provencal branch) ; nearly 2,000,000 are Germans ; 1,800,000
Walloons; 1,100,000 Bretons ; 350,000 Italians ; 160,000 Basques ; 100,000 Spaniards.
Departments. The following table gives the population of every Department accord
ing to the census of 1866, and the number of deputies for every Department, as officially
announced in the Moniteur, for the legislative period from 1807 to 1871 :
Provinces. Inhabitants. No. of Deputies.
Ain 371,643 .3
Aisne 5(55.025 4
Allier 376,104 3
Alpes (Basses) 143,000 1
Alpes (Hautes) 122,117 1
Alpes Maritimes 198,818 2
Ardeche 387,174 3
Ardennes 326,864 3
Ariege 250,436 2
Aube 2(51,951 2
Aude 288,626 3
Aveyron 400,070 3
Bouches-du-Rhone 547,903 „ 4
Calvados 474,909 4
Cantal 237.994 2
Charente 378,218 .3
Charente Inferieur. . . . 479,559 4
Cher 336,613 3
Correze 310,843 2
Corse 259,801 2
Cote-d'Or 382.762 .3
Cote-du-Nord 641,210 5
Creuse 274,057 2
Dordogne 502,673 4
Doubs 298,072 2
Drome 324,231 3
Eure 394,467 4
Eure-et-Loir 290,753 2
Finistere ... . 662,485 ...... ... 5
Garcl 429,747 4 Seine.
Provinces. Inhabitants. No. of Deputies.
Lot 288,919 2
Lot-ct-Garonne 327,962 3
Lozere 137,263 1
Maine-et-Loire 532,325 4
Manche 573,899 4
Marne 390,809 3
Marne (Haute) 259,096 2
Mayenne 367,855 3
Meurthe 428,387 3
Meuse 301.653 3
Morbihan 501,084 3
Moselle 452,157 3
Nievre 342,773 3
Nord 1,392,041 9
Oise 401,274 3
Orne 414,618 4
Pas de Calais 749,777 6
Puy de Dome 571,690 5
Pyrenees (Basses) 435,486 3
Pyrenees (Hautes) 240,252 2
Pyrenees-Orientales.. . 189.490 2
Rhin (Bas) 588,970 4
Rhin (Haut) 630,285 4
Rhone 678,048 5
SaOne (Haute) 317,706 3
Saone-et-Loire 600,006 5
Sarthe 463,619 4
Savoie 271,663 2
Savoie (Haute) 273,768
2,150,916..,
Seine-Inferieure 792. ",6K
Seine-et-Marne a54,4CO
Seine-et-Ofee 533,727
Sevres (Deux)
Somme
Tarn
Tarn-et-Garonne
Var
Vaucluse 2C.iI.091
Vendee
Vienne . . .
572,640 5
355,513 3
228,969 2
308,550 2
404,473 3
324,527 3
Vienne (Haute) 326,037 2
Vosges 418,998 3
Yonne 372,589 3
Garonne (Haute) 493,777 4
Gers 295,692 3
Gironde 701,855 6
Herault > 427,245 4
Ille-et-Vilaine, 592,009 4
Indre 277,860 2
Indre-et-Loire 325,193 3
Isere 581 ,386 5
Jura 298,477 3
Landes 306,693 2
Loir-et-Cher 275,757 2
Loire 537,108 4
Loire ffiante) 312,601 2
Loire- Jnferieure 598,598 4
Loiret 357,110 3
Total 38,067,094 292
Reigning Sovereign and Family. NAPOLEON in. Charles Louis, Emperor of the French,
born April 20, 1808 ; the third son of Louis Napoleon, formerly king of Holland, and of Queen
Hortense, daughter of the Empress Josephine of France, by her first husband, Viscount Beau-
harnais ; attempted to raise an insurrection at Strasbourg, Oct. 1836 ; sent into exile to America,
returned to Europe, 1837 ; landed at Boulogne to raise an insurrection, Aug. 1840; condemned
to perpetual imprisonment ; escaped from the fortress of Ham, 1846 ; elected member of the
Constituent Assembly, May, 1848 ; returned to France, Sept. 1848 ; elected President of the
French Republic for four years, Csc. 10, 1848 ; dissolved the National Assembly by a coup d'etat,
Dec. 2, 1851 ; elected President of the Republic for ten years, Dec. 20, 1851 ; chosen hereditary
Emperor, Nov. 21, 1852. Accepted the imperial dignity, Dec. 1, 1852. Married, Jan. 29, 1853,
to Eugenie Marie de Montijo, born at Grenada, Spain, May 5, 1826, the second daughter of
Count de Montijo, grandee of Spain. Offspring of this union : Napoleon Eugene Louis, Prince
Imperial, born March 16, 1856.
Cousins of the Emperor: 1. Princess Mathilde, born May 27, 1820, the daughter of Jerome,
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 549
youngest brother of Napoleon I. 2. Her brother, Prince Napoleon Joseph, born Sept. 9, 1822,
married, Jan. 30, 1859 to Clotilde, born March 2, 1843, the eldest daughter of Victor Emanuel I.
King of Italy.
The Imperial dignity is hereditary in the male and legitimate descendants of the present
Emperor, in the order of primogeniture. In default of male children, Napoleon III. has the
right to adopt any of the male descendants of the brothers of Napoleon I.
'The following is a list of the Sovereigns and Governments of France, with date of accession,
from the time of Henri IV. House of Bourbon ;— Henri IV., 1589; Louis XIII., 1610; Louis
XIV.. 1643; Louis XV., 1715; Louis XVI., 1774. RepuUic:— Convention, 1792; Directoire, 1794;
Consulate, 1799. House of Bonaparte .-—Napoleon 1., 1804. House of Bourbon:— Louis XVIII.,
1814; Charles X., 1824. House of Bourbon -Orleans:— Louis Philippe, 1830. Republic .-—Provis
ional Government, 1848; President, 1848. HOUM of Bonaparte;— Napoleon III., 1852.
Government. The present Constitution of France, decreed in December, 1851, recognizes
five powers in the State, namely :— 1. The Executive power, represented by the Emperor ; 2. the
Ministers, nominated by the Emperor ; 3. A Council of State, to draft laws under the direction
of the Ministers ; 4. A Legislative Body, nominated by universal suffrage, to discuss and vote
laws ; 5. A Second Assembly, formed of eminent men, acting as a moderating power (Senate.)
The Emperor is irresponsible ; appoints and discharges his Ministers ; commands the armies
and navies ; makes peace and declares war; enters into alliances with other sovereigns and na
tions ; has the sole initiative in legislation. No law is valid without his sanction, and no person
can hold any office without taking the oath of fidelity to him. The Council of State, composed
of 40 to 50 members, is nominated and dismissed by the Emperor. The Legislative Body is
elected at the rate of one member to every 35,000 electors. The members are chosen for six
years ; the President and Vice President of both Houses are nominated by the Emperor, for the
period of a year. The Emperor summons, prorogues and dissolves the Legislative Body ; but,
in case of dissolution, new elections must take place within six months. The Legislative
Body of 1807 — 1872, numbers 292 members. The Senate is composed of the cardinals, marshals,
and admirals of the Empire, and a number of other members, (not exceeding 150), nominated
by the Emperor. The dignity is irrevocable and for life. No vote of the Legislative Assembly
is effective without the sanction of the Senate.
The Ministry. Miniver of State, EUGENE ROUHER, born in 1813, appointed 1863; Minister
of Justice, ERNEST BAROCHE; Minister of Finance, MAGNE, appointed 18(57; Minister of the Im
perial House, Count T. B. VAILLANT, appointed 1861; President of the Council of State, Ad.
VUITRY, appointed 1864 ; Minister of War, Ad. NIEL, appointed 1867 ; Minister of Marine and
the Colonies, CH. RIGAULT DE GENOUILLY, appointed 1867 ; Minister of Foreign Affairs, MAR
QUIS DE LAVALETTE, appointed 1868; Minister of the Interior, A. DE FORCADE LA ROQUETTE,
appointed 1868; Minuter of Public Imtiuction, VICTOR DURUY, appointed 1863; Minister of
Agriculture, Commerce and Public Works, GRESSIER, appointed 1868.
Education. Public education has made great progress in France within the last generation.
In 1863, there were 116 pupils per 1,000 of the population. Catholics rarely visit school after 11
or 12 years of age, Protestants commonly remaining until about 16. Of the children who left
school in 1863, 60 per cent, could read, write and cast accounts fairly. There were, in 1863, in
France, 82,135 establishments of primary instruction. The 36,499 Communes, provided in 1863,
with means of instruction, comprised 41,426 public and free schools ; more than one-third of the
children were admitted gratuitously. According to a report of the Minister of War, in 1866.
the number of conscripts unable to read amounts to 30 out of every 100. Instruction is far
more general in the eastern and northern than in the southern districts. The number of schol
ars in the secondary institutions (lyceums), November 1, 1867, was 36,306; there were also,
253 colleges, numbering 32,453 pupils.
The number of political journals, January 1, 1867, was 336, of which 64 were published in
Paris ; October 31, 1867, the number was 384, of which 74 were published in Parisv October
81, 1867, the number of non-political journals was 886 in Paris, and 805 in the Departments.
Finances. The expenditure of the State has, under the present government, almost contin
ually increased. It was, in
1853 1.487.000.000 francs. 1861 ... . . .1,840,000,000 francs.
1854 1.517,000,000
1855 1.562,000,000
1&56 1.598.000.000
1857 1.699,000,000
1858 1,717,000,000
1859 1,766.000,000
1860 1.825,000,000
1862 1,970,000,000
18(53 2,158,000,000
1864 ... 2.215,000,000
1865 2,203,000.000
1866.... 2,187,000.000
1867.. ...2,086,000,000
1868.... 2,139,000,000
The city of Paris alone had a budget in 1867, of 241,653,612 francs.
550 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
EXPENDITURES — ORDINARY AND SPECIAL. The following are the budget estimates for the
year 1868 :
Francs. Francs.
Civil list and dotations 26.500,000 Ministry of Finance 18,436.854
Senate and Legislative Body 11,483,500 " War, incl. Gov. of Algeria . 363,075,388
Legion of Honor 10,362,780 " Marine and Colonies 148,051 ,482
Funded Debt 340,866,408 " Public Instruction 29,195,821
Interest on Temporary Loans 35,309,1336 " Agriculture 76,274,703
Life Rents 88,458,539 " Imperial House 12,079,100
Ministry of State 3,042,400 Collection of Revenue 232,838,124
" Justice 81,560,221 Repayments and Premiums 12,341,500
" Foreign Affairs 12,933,200 Departmental and Communal Exp.. 98,662,993
" Interior 206,505,815
Total 1,807,977,614
EXTRAORDINARY EXPENDITURE.
Francs. Franca.
Ministry of Justice 5,300,000 Ministry of Marine and Colonies 15,200,000
" Interior 4,808,000 " " Public Instruction 1,535,000
4' "Finance 5,525,000 " "Agriculture 70,324,300
"War 14,871,000 " " Imperial House 7,100,000
Government of Algeria 21,826,201
Total 146,489,501
Grand Total Expenditure 1,954,467,115
REVENUE — ORDINARY AND SPECIAL.
Francs. Francs.
Direct Taxes 542.955,123 Sale of Gunpowder 12,613,000
Registration Duties and Domains. .433,675,416 Post Office 81,752,000
Forests 10,367,169 Schools and Universities 3,664,621
Customs and Salt Duties 100,186,000 Revenue of Algeria 18,655,200
Su«-ar Duties 114,000,000 Produce of Govt. Establishments . 14,593 300
Wine and Spirit Duties 236,216,000 Miscellaneous State Receipts 45,726,679
Indirect Taxes 34,688,000 Communal Receipts. 41,813,070
Sale of Tobacco 241,623,000
Total 1,932,528,578
EXTRAORDINARY REVENUE.
Francs. Francs.
Surplus of Former Budgets 124,550,964 Interests of Austrian Debt 250,000'
War Indemnity by Cochin China .... 1 ,080,000 Profits of Re-coinage 1 ,500.000
Forests 2,500,000 Due from the Algerian Society 16,666,666
Total 146,547,680
Grand Total, not including surplus of former budgets 1,954,525,244
Probable Surplus 58,129
The wars and war-like operations of France, since the accession of Napoleon III. have cost
the following sums :
Crimean War 1,348,000.000 francs. Occupation of Rome 50.000,000 francs.
Italian " 345,000,000 " " "Syria 28.000,000
Chinese " 166,000,000 " Supplementary Expenses. ...89.000.000 "
Mexican Expedition 600,000,000 "
Total 2,626,000,000
The public debt of France rose from 5,346,000,000 francs in 1851 to 9,719,000,000 francs in 1861,
and amounted in 1864, to 12,316,000,000 francs. The amount of annual interest payable on the
public debt, in 1868 was :
Francs. Francs.
Consolidated Debt, stock 4£ per ct.. 37,357.126 Sound Dues 248,832
" " 4 " " 446,096 Scheldt Dues 340.504
" " 3 " ..303.063,186 Payment to Spain 20,000
Floating Debt 26,000,000 Lite Rents, Pensions, Endowments 311,900
Securities 8,700,000
Total 376,487,644
Total public debt of France, in 1868 : Capital of consolidated debt, 10,942,768,743 francs ;
floating debt, 900,000,000 francs ; securities, 290,000,000 francs : grand total, 12,132,768,743 francs.
Army. The army of France is formed by conscription, to which every man who has reached
the age of 21, is liable. By the terms of the new plan of organization of the army, it is to consist
of the regular army and the army of reserve, the number of each to be 400,000 men. There is,
besides, a standing "National Garde Mobile,11 to be organized to the number of about 400,000
men, destined as an auxiliary to the active army in the defense of the fortresses, coasts and
frontier of the empire. The total strength of the army is, therefore, to consist of 1,200,000 men.
Every man drawn for conscription has the right to buy a substitute, but the right to furnish
substitutes has become a government monopoly, which encourages greatly the reenlistment of
old soldiers, thus giving the army a standing nucleus of experienced troops. The number of
volunteers for the army, without bounty, is on the decrease. Advancement to the highest
1809.]
FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE.
551
military rank is open to every French soldier,
army, on a peace-footing, are as follows :
INFANTRY.
3 regiments of Imperial Grenadier
Guards 6,438 men.
4 Voltigeurs 8,584
100 Inf. of the line . . . .211,150
7 Chasseurs 15,093
4 Zouaves 9,834
1 African Light Inf.. 1,644
1 ' Foreign Legion . . . 2,049
3 ' Tirailleurs of Al
geria 7,926
Veterans and other troops 2,679
The details of the organization of the French
Coast G
2 regin
12
13
9
13
1
8
3
3
2
CAVALRY.
uards 221 1
nen.
aents of Carbineers 1 051
Cuirassiers 9,361
Dragoons 11,023
Uhlans 7,699
Mounted Chasseurs. .11.868
Imperial Guides 1,051
Hussars 7 538
Chasseurs d1 Afrique. 4,504
Spahis 3,489
RemonteandCav.Sch. 2,836
Total
Total 60,641
ARTILLERY.
18 regiments of Foot and Horse Artillery, and general staff 32,037 men
2 u Artificers 1,384 "
3 Train 3,331 "
2 " Armorers, Gunmakers, &c 1,744 "
Total 38,496 "
There are also several regiments of engineers (3,000 men), Gendarmerie (24,548), and troops
of administration and military equipage (15,705)— Total 48,253 men. The General Staff con
sisted, in 1867. of 9 Marshals, 90 Division Generals, 160 Brigade Generals. On the war footing
there are 12 Marshals, 90 Division Generals, 180 Brigade Generals, 580 staff officers, topograph?
cal staff 717, interpreters 75 ; total, 1,913. The summary of the army is as follows :
PEACE FOOTING. WAR FOOTING.
Men. Horses. Men. Horses.
Staff 1,845 160 1,914
Gendarmes 24,548 14,701 25,1588 15,000
Infantry 265,397 402 515,035
Cavalry 60,641 44,007 100,2-21
Artillery 38,496 16,344 66,132
Engineers 8,000 987 15,443... .
Other troops 15,705 5,526 33,365
Total 414,632 82,127 757,798 143,238
The whole ol France is divided into six "Arondissements Militaires" (army corps), each
commanded by a field-marshal.
France has 119 fortresses, of which 8 are of the first rank— Paris, Lyons, Strasburg, Metz,
Lille, Toulon, Brest, and Cherbourg— 12 of the second rank, 23 of the third, and 76 of the
fourth rank.
Navy. The French navy is governed by the Minister of Marine and the Colonies, who has
under him a Council of Admiralty, consisting of four vice-admirals, one rear-admiral, a director
of naval construction, and a commissary -general. The navy comprised, July 1, 1867, the follow
ing vessels :
Iron-clad ships of the line and frigates
Actual number.
16
In course of construction.
24
u Corvettes
1
19
Transports
80
Flotilla
101
24
Iron-clad °Tiard ships
26
4
All other steamers and sailing vessels
183
54
Total...
...407...
...125
The strength in guns of the entire navy, Jan. 1, 1867, was 6,784 (excluding 291 vessels in course
of construction) ; the horse-power of the fleet of steamers was 106,241.
The most remarkable among the French men-of-war, and patterns, more or less, of the whole
of them, are the six iron-clads, Magenta, Solferino, Couronne, Normandie, Invincible and
Taureau. The largest iron-clad is the ram Dunderberg, built at New York and purchased
by the French Government in 1867 ; it carries 16 guns and has a total burthen of 5,090 tons.
The French navy is manned by conscription, like the army. It was officered and manned, on
the 1st of July 1867, by 2 admirals ; 16 vice-admirals in active service, and 10 on the reserve list ;
24 rear-admirals in active service, and 19 on the reserve list ; 130 captains of first-class men-of-
war ; 270 captains of frigates ; 825 lieutenants ; 600 ensigns ; 300 midshipmen, and 300 pupils.
552 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [is
PERSONNEL. OP THE NAVY. MARINES AND COLONIAL TROOPS.
Peace footing. War footing. Peace footing.
Officers 2,51)2 men 3,074 men. Generals (6 in active service and
Engineers 1,690
Chapl'iis, Surgeons'. 832
Mechanics 4,466
Chief Machinists.. 40
Sailors 33,973
..1,690
... 832
,..4,466
. .. 40
.66,000
6 on the reserve list) 12men.
Gendarmery 1,055
Infantry 15,638
Tirailleurs 1,888
Artillery 1,645
Engineers and other troops 6,176
,.76,102 "
.25,000 " Total 26,414
Total 43,503
Work'gmen in pts.. 23,400
The maritime population liable to service is stated to be 170,000 men ; the number of men in
scribed on the navy list is 89,000, which number, after deducting men over 40 years, is reduced
to about 66,000 men. The approaches to the French coast are to be defended by 344 batteries
and 27 forts.
Commerce. The sum total of the general commerce of France in 1865 amounted to 7,614,-
000,000 of francs, of which 3,527,000,000 represented the imports, and 4,087,000,000 the exports.
It was a total increase of 285,000,000 over the preceding year. The import from the United
States, in 1865, was 106,000,000, the export to the same country 241,000,000.
The general commerce of France with its colonies and foreign countries amounted in 1866 to
the actual value of 8,126,000,000 francs, an increase of 512,000,000 over the preceding year. The
import of 1866 was 3.845,000,000, the export 4,281,000,000. The imports from the United States
amounted to 192,000,000, the exports to the United States, 173,000,000. The chief articles of im
port in 1866 were cereals (44,000,000).
The following table shows the value of the principal articles of import and export in 1862
and 1865 :
IMPORTS. EXPORTS.
1862. 1865. 1862. 1865.
Silk 230,000,000 frs . . . . 355,000,000 frs. Silk Stuffs . . . .801,000,000 frs . . . . 429,000,000 fre.
Raw Wool... 181 ,000,000 " ....286,000,000 " Woolen •• ...222,000,000 " ....303,000,000 "
Cereals 158,000,000 " .... 18,000,000 " Wines 211,000.000 " ....260,000,000 "
Raw Cotton.. 136,000,000 " 300,000,000 " Tabletteries
Wood 118,000.000 " ....151,000,000 " Furniture. .141, 000,000 " ....202,000,000 "
Coal 102,000,000 " . . . .118,000,000 " Clothes 95,000,000 " .... 124,000,000 "
GOLD AND SILVER.
Imports. Eiports. Imports. Exports.
1861 1,048,000,000 frs. . . .507,00(1,000 frs. 1865 536,000,000 frs. . . .456,000,000 frs.
1862 (559,000,000 " ....433,000,000 " 1866 420,000,000 " ....502,000,000 "
1863 7:34,000,000 " .... 651,000,000 "
1864 5:33,000,000 " ....588,000,000 " Total.. 3,930,000,000 " ...3,137,000,000 "
The importance of the greatest centers of commerce will be shown by the amount of
duty paid in 1865, as follows : Paris 26,000,000 francs, Marseilles 19,000,000 frs., Nantes 19,000,-
000 frs., Havre 16,000,000 frs., Bordeaux 14,000,000 frs.
The official report of Feb. 7, 1867, states the amount of production of coal to have been about
120,000,000 quintals, of cast iron about 13,000,000, (worth Io5,000,000 frs.) The most valuable
productions of agriculture are officially stated to be as follows :
Value. Straw.
Wheat 1,566,000,000 francs 346,000.000 francs.
Mixedgrain 108,000,000 " 83,000,000 "
Rye 279,000,000 " 90.000,000 "
Barley 147,000,000 u 25.000,000 "
Oats 365,000,000 " 87,000,000 "
Potatoes 268,000,000 "
Wine 500,000,000 "
The number of letters and newspapers sent by the Post Department, was in
Letters. Newspapers.
W52 181,000,000 95,000,000
1862 283,000,000 202,000.000
1866 327,000,000 294,000,000
The length of the telegraph lines was, at the end of 1865, about 19,000 miles ; the number of
private dispatches nearly 2,500,000.
The railroads in France are left to private companies, but superintended, and if necessary,
assisted in their operations by the State. They are now almost entirely in the hands of six
great companies, which had, in 1867, an aggregate of 7,989$ miles in operation. The expenses
of the companies January, 1868, and for finishing conceded lines, exclusive of the State subsidy,
were estimated at 7,883,000,000, the largest portion of which falls on the line from Lyons to the
Mediterranean Sea. The State subsidies amounted, at the above date, to 98-4,000,000. The
French railroads earned 603,000,000 francs in 1866, and carried 84,000,000 travelers.
1809.]
FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE.
553
The Bank of France was established in 1803 ; the sum of its circulating notes fluctuated, iu
I860, between 810,000,000 and 1,029,000,000 francs.
The number of authorized Savings Banks in 18G5, was 477. The proportionally greatest num
ber of depositors was reached in the departments of the Seine, and of the Seinc-ct-Marne,
where there was one depositor for every 8 inhabitants.
The total number of Mutual Aid Societies at the end of 1865, was 5,G14, having 54,037 members ;
their capital had increased, Dec. 31, 1SCG, to 43,000,000 francs.
Colonies. The Colonies are, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guiana, Reunion, Senegal, St. Pierre
and Miquelon, French Possessions in India, and Algeria. They arc subjected to ppccial laws.
In 1348, the Provisional Government decreed the total abolition of slavery in the French colo
nies. Guiana is the chief penal colony of France.
5. GERMANY.
History. First organization of Germany into a kingdom by the treaty of Verdun, 843 ; reign
of Carlovingians, until 911 ; the Saxon dynasty, 919—1024; Franconiau dynasty, 1024—1125 ; the
House of Ilohenstaufcn, 1138 — 1254 ; the House of Ilapsburg, from 1273, with short intermissions,
until the dissolution of the German empire, 1SOG ; establishment of the German Confederation
of thirty-nine states in 1S15, which existed until 1806. By that time, six states had become ex
tinct. In consequence of the war, Austria was excluded from Germany, Luxemburg was
released from all connection with Germany, and five sovereign states, Hanover, Hesse-Cassel
Ilolstein, Nassau, and Frankfort were annexed to Prussia. Of the remainder, twenty-one states
north of the River Main, and part of Hesse-Darmstadt, formed, under the leadership of Prus-
sia,thc North German Confederation ; while four states in South Germany— Bavaria, Wurtem-
berg, Baden and the greater part of Hesse-Darmstadt are designated by the collective name
of South German States. Liechtenstein has no connection with either the North German
Confederation or any of the South German States, though statistically it is sometimes classed
with South Germany.
The Constitution of North Germany was drawn up by the Prussian Government in 1807. and
adopted in the same year by a parliament, elected, by universal suffrage — at the rate of one
member for 100,000 inhabitants. According to this Charter, the states of Prussia, Saxony, Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg. Brunswick, Saxe-Weimar, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Saxe-Meiningen,
Anhalt, Saxc-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Altenburg, Waldeck, Lippe-Detmold, Schwarzburg-Eudol-
stadt, Schwarzburg-Sondcrshausen, Reuss-Schleiz, Reuss-Greiz, Schaumburg-Lippe, Hamburg,
Lubeck, and Bremen, have been formed into a Union, for the protection of the territory of the
Union and its laws, as well as for the care of the welfare of the German people.
Area and Population. The subjoined table gives the area and population of Germany
entire, according to the census of 1867 :
NORTH GERMANY.
Names of States. Bq. Miles.
Inhabitants.
.. 24,043,290
... 2,423.401
. . . 560,618
. . . . 315,622
, . . . 303,401
Names of States. 8q. Miles.
Waldeck 433 .
Lippe-Detmold . 4HS
Inhabitant*.
, . . . 56,805
... 111,352
. . . . 75,074
. . . . 67,500
. . . . 43,889
. . . . 88,097
. ... 31.186
801 196
Saxony
Mecklerburg-Schwerin .
Oldenbur"
5,779...
5,190...
2,469...
1,425..
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. . .
Schwarzb'g-'Sondershauseii.
Reuss-Greiz
.374..
.332. .
145
Brunswick -.
Saxe-Weimar
Mecklenburg-Strelitz. . .
Saxe-Meiuirigen
Anhalt
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Saxe-Altenburg ,
Total...
1,404...
1,052...
950...
1,020...
700...
510...
... 283,044
98,770
. . . 180.335
... 197,041
, . . . 168,735
. . . 141,426
Reuss-Schleiz
Schaumbur(T-Lippe
.320..
.171..
156
Hambur"'
Lubeck
Bremen
,107..
. 74
. . . . 48.538
109,572
Hesse-Darms'dt (No. part).l
.283..
.... 257,479
. . . 100.207
29.910.377
SOUTH GERMANY.
Names of States. 8q. Miles. Inhabitants. Names of States. 8<j. M;les. Inhabitants.
Bavaria 29.373 4,824,421 Hesse-Darms'dt (So. part). . .1,090 . . . .565.059
Wurtemberg 7.532 1,778.479 Liechtenstein 62 7,994
Baden 5,912 1.4:34,970
Total ' 44.509 8,01 1 .523
Total of the whole of Germany 204,776 38,521,900
Adding Luxemburg, (199.958 inhabitants), which still is a part of the German Zollverein. the
population would be 38,721 ,858. Total ol Hesse-Darmstadt, 2,970 sq. miles and 823,138 inhabitants.
The population of Germany, in 1818. was estimated to be 30,157,638; it had increased, in 1865,
to 46,412,000, or 51 per cent. If we deduct the population of German Austria, Limburg and
554 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Luxemburg — nearly 10,000,000 — and add the population of the provinces of Prussia and Posen,
as well as of Schleswig, which did not belong to the German Confederation before 1806, but
now, being part of the North German Confederation, belong to Germany — about 3,000,000 — wo
have a population, which in 1818, in the present area of Germany amounted to 23,000,000, and
which has since increased to about 38.000,000, or about 64 per cent. The greatest increase took
place in Bremen, 103 per cent. ; Saxony, 85 per cent. ; and Reuss, elder line, 80 per cent.
There were, in 1SG4, 18,000,608 females, and 17,783,255 males, a difference of 313,383, the differ
ence in France being, in 1800, only 38,876. No European country, except Ireland, has lost BO
much by emigration as Germany. The emigration exceeded that of Ireland in the middle of the
last decade. The following table shows the number of emigrants in the six years given :
1847 109,531 1852 162,301 1854 241,931
1851 112,547 1853 157,180 1857 115,976
Education. There are twenty-three Universities in Germany, viz : Nine in Prussia, (Ber
lin, Bonn, Breslau, Halle, Greifswalde, Konigsburg, Gottingen, Marburg and Kiel) ; three in
Bavaria, (Munich, Wiirzburg, Erlangen) ; two in Baden, (Heidelberg and Freiburg) ; one in
Saxony, (Leipsic) ; one in Wiirtemberg, (Tubingen) ; one in the Saxon Duchies, (Jena) ; one
in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, (Giessen) ; one in Mecklenburg, (Rostock). There are six Poly-
technical Institutions, and the Mining Academy at Freiburg.
The Zollverein (Customs Union). The German Zollverein began in 1828, by a Customs
Union between Prussia aud the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and the Duchy of Anhalt. It nov,-
embraces all the German countries. It is to continue until the end of December, 1877. A
Federal Customs Council and Parliament has been instituted. In the former, Prussia has
17 votes, Bavaria 6, Saxony and Wurtemberg 4 each, Baden and Hesse 3 each, Schwerin and
Brunswick 2 each, Weimar, Strelitz, Oldenburg, Meiniugen, Altenburg, Gotha, Anhalt, Rudol-
stadt, Sondershausen, Waldeck, Reuss elder and younger line, Schaumburg-Lippe, Hamburg,
Bremen, and Lubek, 1 each ; total, 58 votes. The Customs Parliament is formed of the mem
bers of the North German Parliament, aud of delegates of the South German States by universal
and direct election. The total Revenue of the Zollverein rose from 23,000,000 thalcrs in 1848, to
31,000,000 thalers in 1866.
The Zollverein exported cotton goods, in 1864, to the amount of 35,941 quintals. The beet-
sugar manufacture in the territory of the Zollverein, in 1865—66 consumed 43,500,000 quintals
of beets. There were, in 1864, 1,744 foundries, producing 37,000,000 quintals, of 118,000,000
thalers value. The 4,788 mines, in the same year, wrought by 191,000 workingmen, yielded
580,000,000 quintals, of 54,000,000 thalers value. There are, excluding the mills, nearly 180,000
manufacturing establishments in the Zollverein. There were, in 1865, 280,476 depositors in Ger
man Life Insurance companies, representing a capital of 278,000,000 thalers ; there Avere in the
same year, about 1,500 Mutual Aid (credit) societies, consisting of 350,000 members.
The Merchant Navy of the North German Confederation consisted, in the beginning of 1868,
of 4,407 sea-going vessels, of 1,345,268 tons, and of 5,479 river and coasting vessels, of 115,359
tons. It was manned by 33,800 men. There entered the pofts of the Zollverein, in 1865, 18,832
sailing vessels and 1,639 steamers ; cleared, 18,552 sailing vessels and 1,645 steamers.
NORTH GERMANY.
Government. The following are the main features of the new Constitution of North Ger
many : The legislative power is exercised by a Federal Council and a Parliament, They control
the customs, commercial legislation, coining of money, weights and measures, banking questions,
questions relating to the rights of natives and aliens, patents for inventions, protection of Ger
man trade, railways and roads, postal and telegraphic services, navigation of rivers, common
law procedure, commercial law, and the laws upon change. The Federal Council forms the
representation of the various governments. Its votes are divided thus: Prussia, 17, Saxony, 4,
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 2, Brunswick, 2 ; all other states, 1 each, making a total of 43 votes.
The Presidency of the Federation belongs to the Prussian crown. The King of Prussia acts on
behalf of the Federation in its intercourse with foreign states ; he declares war or concludes
peace, and he appoints the embassadors. The Federal Council is presided over by a Chancellor
of the Federation, appointed by the King of Prussia. This Council and the Parliament assem
ble every year. The Parliament is elected by universal and direct suffrage, for three years, and
in case of dissolution, a new election must take place within 60 days. The naval forces of the
Northern and Baltic seas are placed under the supreme command of Prussia. Every North-
German is liable to service, and no substitution is allowed. The strength of the Federal army
on the peace footing, is settled upon the basis of one per cent, of the population. All the troops
form one army, under the command of the King of Prussia. Changes in the Constitution can
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 555
only be voted in Parliament and the Federal Council by a two-thirds majority. The Charter
provides, finally, that negotiations shall be entered into with the Southern States, to arrive at
a settlement of new relations, and, if possible to complete the union between the northern and
southern divisions of the German Empire. The Federal Chancellor is Count of Bismarck-
Schonhausen, President of the Prussian Ministry, and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Finances. The following is a summary of the Federal budget for 1808 :
EXPENDITURE.
Ordinary. Eitraordinary.
Federal Chaucellry, Council, &c 70,550 thalers. thalers.
Parliament 20,458 kk
Federal Consulates 152,000 " 55,000 "
Military Administration 06,417,573 "
Marine " 2,340,003 " 2,028,376 "
Postal and Newspaper Departments 198,683 "
Telegraph 275,000 "
Total... 09,001,184 " 3,157,059 "
Grand Total 72,158,243 "
REVENUE.
Customs and Taxes on consumption by the Zollverein 47,192,110 thalers.
" " by Federal States not belonging to the Zollverein. 2,290,570 "
Postal and Newspaper Administration 2,421,702 u
Telegraphs u 275,000 "
Sundries 135,234 "
Stipulated Contributions 19,837,507 "
Total 72,158,243 "
Of these stipulated contributions, Prussia's share is nearly 17,000,000, that of Saxony, a little
over 1,500,000.
Army and Navy. The North-German Army consists of 13 army corps (1 garde and 12
line), embracing 27 divisions, or 54 infantry and 28 cavalry brigades, or 118 infantry regiments, 18
chasseur battalions, 70 regiments of cavalry, 13£ regiments of field artillery and 104- regiments of
artillery of fortifications, 13J- battalions of pioneers, and 134- battalions of train. Of infantry
troops, Prussia furnishes 97, and Saxony 9 regiments.
The "Landwehr" consists of 207 battalions and 16 divisions of chasseurs, 64 squadrons of
cavalry, 104- regiments of artillery — altogether, in peace, 12,974, and in war, 200,254 men. The
reserve troops, when mobilized, amount to 180,672 men. Total of troops on peace footing,
319,286 men ; on war footing, 972,434 men. The Navy of North Germany consists of 5 iron-clad
frigates, 9 corvettes, 8 first-class gunboats, 14 screw gunboats, 6 sailing vessels, and smaller ves
sels (see Prussia)— altogether of 87 ships, mounting 549 guns.
PRUSSIA.
Capital, Berlin. Area, 135,806 square miles. Population, 24,043,296.
Provinces. The official census, held in the states of the Zollverein, Dec. 3, 1867, gives the
following table of the population of Prussia proper, and of the newly acquired territories :
OLD PROVINCES.
Prussia , 3,090,960 Saxony ...2,067,066
Posen 1,637,338 Westphalia 1,707,726
Brandenburg 2,719,775 Rhino Provinces 3,455,358
Pomerania 1,445,635 Hohenzollern 64,632
Silesia 3,585,752 Jahde 1,748
NEW ACQUISITIONS.
Hanover 1,937,637 Duchy of Lauenburg 49,978
*Franconia 981,718 Garrisons outside of Prussia. . . 18,228
Schleswig-Holstein 1,379,745
Total (old and new provinces) 24,043,296
According to the census of 1861, there were in the old Prussian Monarchy, 2,480,609 inhab
itants not belonging to the German race, or speaking the German language in daily and familiar
conversation. Disregarding the distinction between High and Low German, there are as many
as ten different languages spoken in the old Kingdom. 15,718,600 Prussians speak German as
their native tongue ; 1,913,880 speak Polish (in the provinces of Prussia, Posen and Silesia) ;
233,341 speak Massuric (near Gumbiunen and Konigsburg) ; 7,652 speak Kassubic (near Marien-
werder, Konigsbreg and COslin); 136,990 speak Lithuanian (in the districts of Gumbinnen
* The province of Franconia consists of the districts of Cassel and Wiesbaden, and embraces
the former states of Hesse-Cassel, Nassau and Frankfort.
556 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
and Konigsbcrg) ; 414 speak old Kurish (in the districts of Gumbinnen and Konigsberg) ;
82,£32 speak Vv'cnclish (in the provinces of Prussia and Silesia) ; 10,317 speak Bohemian (in Si
lesia) ; 48,554 speak Moravian (in the district of Oppeln) ; 10,502 speak Walloon (in the neigh
borhood of Aix-la-Chapelle).
The average density of the population was, in 1867, about 142 per English square mile, it being
highest in the manufacturing district of DusseUlorf. The number of families was 3,018,8515.
There was 1 deaf and dumb person to every 1, £11, and. 1 blind in 1,731 of the population of
Prussia. About 9,000,000 of the population of the old Kingdom are engaged in agriculture.
The chief cities of Prussia have the following population, according to the last census :
Berlin 702,4:37 (18G7) Hanover 79,649 (1864) Barmen (54,805 (1867)
Bre l;m . .1(;(5,744 " Frankf't en the Main 78,245 " Elbcrfeld 64,732 "
Cologne 1£(J,2'J3 " Stettin 73,602 (1867) Crcfcld .1-3,837 "
Magdeburg. . .103,981 " Aix-la-Chapelle 67,923 " Posen 53,£83 (1864)
KOnigsbefg... 101,507 (1861)
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. WILLIAM I., King of Prussia, born March 22, 1797,
second son of King Frederick William III. and Princess Louise of Mccklcnburg-Strelitz ; took
part in the campaigns of 1818 and 1815 against France ; Commandcr-in-Chief of the Prussian
troops against the revolutionary army of Baden, June 1849 ; appointed Regent of the Kingdom
during the mental illness of his brother, King Frederick William IV., Oct. 9, 1858; ascended the
throne at the death of his brother, Jan. 2, 1C61 ; married June 11, 1829, to Augusta, born Sept.
30, 1811, daughter of the late Grand-Duke Charles Frederick, of Saxe-Weimar. Children:
1. Prince Frederick William, heir-apparent, born Oct. 18, 1831 ; 2. Princess Louise, born Dec.
3, 1838, married to the Grand Duke of Baden.
Frederick III., of the family of Hohenzollcrn, was elevated to the rank of a Prince of the
Holy Roman Empire, in 1273, and received the Burgraviate of Nuremberg in fief. Ilia great-
grandson, Frederick VI., was invested by Emperor Sigismund, in 1411, with the province of
Brandenburg, and obtained the rank of Elector in 1417. Margrave Albert of Hohenzollcrn was,
in 1511, elected to the post of Grand-Master of the Teutonic Knights, owners of the large
province of Prussia, and he declared himself afterwards hereditary prince. The early extinc
tion of Albert's line brought the province of Prussia to the Electors of Brandenburg. The
" Great Elector," Frederick William, dying in 1C88, left a country of one and a half million
people, a vast treasure, and 38.000 well-drilled troops to his son Frederick I., who declared him
self king, at Konigsberg, 1701. His successor, Frederick William I., added part of Pomerania
to his possessions. His son, Frederick II., "the Great," added Silesia and gained a large ter
ritory in the first partition of Poland. Another partition of Poland increased the territory
under Frederick William II., to nearly 100,000 square miles, with about nine millions of peo
ple. By the Congress of Vienna, Prussia was increased by parts of the kingdom of Saxony,
the Rhine lands, and Swedish Pomerania. The war of 1866 shaped Prussia into a compact
State of iai,806 square miles, and a population of 24,043,296, by the acquisition of Laueuburg,
Schleswig-IIolstein, Hanover, Hesse, Frankfort and Nassau.
Dating from Elector Frederick II. of Brandenburg, who called himself King Frederick I. of
Prussia, there have been the following sovereigns of the House of Hohenzollern : Frederick I.,
1701; Frederick William I., 1713; Frederick II. the Great, 1740; Frederick William II., 1786;
Frederick William III., 1797; Frederick William IV., 1840; William I., 1861.
Government. The present constitution, granted by King Frederick William IV., in con-
sequence of the revolutionary events of 1848, has been repeatedly and considerably modified.
It vests the executive and part of the legislative authority in the King, whose crown is hered
itary in the male line only. In the exercise of the Government, the King is assisted by a
council of ministers, appointed and dismissed by himself. He shares the legislative authority
with a representative assembly, composed of two Chambers, the "Herrenhaus" (House of
Lords), and the "Abgeordnetenhaus" (Chamber of Deputies). The assent of the King and
both Chambers is requisite for all laws. Financial projects must first be submitted to the
second Chamber. The right of proposing laws is vested in the King and in both Chambers.
The Upper Chamber is composed of the princes of the royal family ; the chiefs of the media
tised princely houses (16) ; the heads of the territorial nobility formed by the King (about 50) ;
a number of life peers, chosen by the King from among the rich land-owners, great manufac
turers, and "national celebrities;" eight titled noblemen elected in the 8 provinces of Prussia by
the resident land-owners of all degrees; the representatives of the universities, the heads of
"chapters," and the mayors of towns with above 50,000 inhabitants ; an unlimited number of
members nominated by the King for life or for a certain period. The second Chamber consists
of 432 members. Every Prussian who has attained his 25th year, and is qualified to vote for
the municipal elections of his place of domicile, is eligible to vote as indirect elector. Th«
18C9.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 557
indirect electors are divided into three classes, according to the respective amount of direct
taxes paid by each. The representatives arc chosen by the direct electors. Their legislative
period is limited to 3 years.
The Executive. The Executive Government is carried on, under the King, by an irre
sponsible Council of State, and a nominally responsible Council of Ministers. The latter is
divided into ten departments, which arc : Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count OTTO vox BIS
MARCK -SciioNHAUSEN, appointed 18G2; Minister of Finance, Baron A. VON DEII UEYDT, ap
pointed 1866 ; Minister cf the Eoyal House, Baron A. VON SCHLEINITZ, appointed 1SG1 ; Minister
of War, General VON ROON, appointed 1859; Minister of Marine, Rear- Admiral JACIOIANN, ap
pointed 1807 ; Minister of the Interior, Count EULENEUKG, appointed 1SG2 ; Minister of Justice,
Dr. LEONHAKDT, appointed 18G7 ; Minister of Public Instruction and Eccl. Affairs, VON
MUIILER, appointed 1SG2; Minister cf Agriculture, YON SELCHOW, appointed 1862; Minister
of Commerce and Public Works, Count II. VON ITZENPLITZ, appointed 18G2.
Education. Public Education in Prussia is more perfect than in any other country on the
European Continent. Attendance at school is enforced by law, the school time extending from
6 to 14 years complete. The children of poor persona arc instructed gratuitously at the public
expense. The whole of the educational establishments are more or less under the immediate
control of the Minister of Public Instruction.
There were, in 1864, in public primary schools 2,938,679 children, in private primary schools
87,574 — total, 3,026,253. There were, in the same year, 144 gymnasia (colleges), with 2,188
teachers ; the number increased in 18GG, in the old provinces, to 153 gymnasia, besides 2G pro-
gymnasia, 59 "Real" schools of first rank and 27 oi' second rar.k. There are G Universities,
(Berlin, Bonn, Breslau, Greifswaldc, Halle, Konigsberg), and one Academy in Minister; the
number of matriculated students in 1864 being 5,873; to this add 3 Universities (Kiel, GGttin-
gen and Marburg), in the recently acquired territory. Of the recruits in 1864-65, there were
75 per cent, satisfactorily instructed.
Finances. According to the budget for 1867, the revenue and expenditures for Prussia
proper, amounted to 168,929,873 thalers. That of the newly acquired territory is as follows :
Hanover 22.589,700 thalers. Nassau 8.254,030 florins.
Electorate of Hesse 5,749,000 " Frankfort-on-the-Main 2,.7i 6,485 "
Schleswig-Holstein 7,671.304 " Ceded Hessian territory 478,800 "
Hesee-Homburg 625,712 florins. Ceded Bavarian 296,750
In the estimates for 1868 the revenue and expenditure is fixed at 159,861,879 thalers.
The Public debt of Prussia was, in 1862, 274,000,000 thalers ; on the 1st of Jan. 18G6, 231,000,-
000 thalers ; at the end of 1866, after the war with Austria, 341,000,000 thalers. According to the
estimates for 1868, the public debt amounts to :
Prussia proper : Thaler*. New territory, (all bearing interest) : Thalers.
1. National debt bearing int 274,818,400 Hanover 41,160,504
2. " not bearing int. . . 15,842,347 Hesse (Electorate) 16,5:35,250
3. Provincial and railway debt 21,324,8-15 Nassau 20,516,921
4. Floating debt 10,000,000 Hessc-Homburg 161,142
— : Schleswig-Holstein 22.141,657
Total public debt in 1867 321,985,592
Total 100,515,474
The j'avorable issue of the war of Prussia against Austria, in 18G6, enabled it to get from the
defeated States a contribution of 60,000,000 of thalers, while the expenditure for this war
amounted to 108,000,000. The total of expenses occasioned by the acquisitions of the war of
1866, including war expenses, debts of the annexed States, indemnities, expenses and adminis
tration of the new provinces, is estimated to be 239.000,000 thalers.
Army and Navy. Every man capable of bearing arms must enter the army ; there are,
however, practically some exceptions. No substitution whatever is allowed. Every Prussian
subject is enrolled as a soldier after completing his 20th year ; he is required to be in service 7
years, of which 3 must be spent in the regular army, and the remaining 4 years in the army
of reserve. At the end of this term the soldier enters the "Landwehr," or militia, for 9 years.
After these 16 years of service he is enrolled, till the age of 50, in the "Landsturm," which
body is only called upon for service within the frontiers of the country in case of invasion. '
The strength of a Prussian battalion in peace is 518 men. raised in war to 1.002 by calling in
part of the reserves ; it is divided into 4 companies. During peace each regiment of infantry
consists of 3 battalions, each brigade of 2 regiments, each infantry division of 2 brigades. The
corps d'armie is independent in itself, and includes not only troops of all three arms, but a por
tion of all the stores and appliances required by a whole army ; each corps consists of 2 divi
sion? of infantry. 1 cavalry division (4 regiments), 2 horse artillery batteries, and a reserve of
artillery of 4 field batteries and 2 mounted batteries.
558 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
When a war is imminent, the Government decrees the mobilisation of the whole army. In
preparing for the campaign in 18G6, the whole field army and the first levy of Landwehr were
mobilised in about two weeks.
The army as organized in 1866, numbered on peace footing a total strength of 319,286 men ; on
war footing, 972,434 men. It embraces the army of the other North German States.
There are 27 fortresses in the kingdom, viz. : Saarlouis, Coblenz (Ehrenbreitstein), Cologne,
(with Deutz), Minden, Erfurt, Magdeburg, Wittenberg, Torgau, Spandau, Costlin, Stettin,
Stralsund, Colberg, Glogan, Cosel, Glatz, Schweidnitz, Neisse, Posen, Graudenz, Thorn,
Swinemiinde, Marienburg, Danzig, Pillau, Konigsberg and Lotzen. Prussia has, besides, the
right of garrisoning atMentz and Konigstein (Saxony).
The Prussian navy— with which the North-German Navy is identical— is composed of 43
steamers, 8 sailing and 36 rowing vessels— total, 87 war vessels, mounting 549 guns.
The personnel of the navy consists of: 1 admiral, 1 rear-admiral, 20 captains, 33 commanders,
38 lieutenants, 39 sub-lieutenants, 136 cadets, 39 marine officers and 300 boys ; total, 2,291 offi
cers, seamen and boys. There are, besides, 5 companies of marines, 4 of infantry, and 1 of artil
lery, numbering about 1.200 men. The sailors and marines of the fleet are raised by conscrip
tion. Great inducements are held out for able seamen to volunteer in the navy. Prussia has 4
ports of war, at Kiel, Danzig, Stralsund, and the bay of Jahde, on the North Sea.
Commerce. The merchant navy consisted, in 1867, of 1,255 ships, of 188,753 lasts (2 tons).
If we include the vessels of the new acquisitions, we have a total of 5,302 ships of 325,349
lasts. The total import of 1867 reached the value of $39,000,000, the total export $12,000,000.
In 1865 the total value of mining products amounted to 48,000,000 thalers, and that of the for
ges to 106,000,000 ; number of workingmen, 232,233. The coal mines alone produced 372,000,000
of quintals. There were, at the end of 1865, 517 savings-banks, with 89,000,000th. as investment.
At the end of 1866 the length of the 41 railroads in the increased State was calculated to be
1,23H Prussian, or 5,665 English miles. In 1865 there were 1,831 locomotives and 40,872 cars.
The receipts, in the same year, amounted to about $90,000,000. The State railways form an im
portant source of public revenue. The length of telegraph lines was, at the beginning of 1866,
about 8,500 English miles.
SAXONY.
Capital, Dresden. Area, 5,779 square miles. Population, 2,423,401.
The Kingdom of Saxony is divided into four districts, as follows :
Districts. Inhabitants, 1857. Districts. Inhabitants, 1867.
Dresden 640,538 Bautzen 321,701
Leipsic 552,815 Zwickau 908,347
Total 2.423,401
The chief cities are Dresden, 155,971 inhabitants ; Leipsic, 91,598 inhabitants, and Chemnitz,
58.942 inhabitants. There are 491,839 families to 241,853 inhabited dwelling houses; 53,760
inhabitants belong to the Wendish race ; 38 per cent, of the population live in towns, and 62 per
cent, in the country. Number of births, in 1864, was 98,760 ; deaths, 68,314 ; marriages, 20,928.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. JOHN I., King of Saxony, born Dec. 12, 1S01, second
son of Duke Maximilian of Saxony, and Princess Caroline of Parma ; succeeded to the throne,
at the death of his brother, King Frederick Augustus, Aug. 9, 1854. Married Nov. 21, 1822, to
Amelia, born Nov. 13, 1801, daughter of the late King Maximilian I. of Bavaria. Children: 1.
Albert, Duke of Saxony and heir apparent, born April 23, 1828; 2. Elizabeth, born Feb. 4, 1830;
3. George, Duke of Saxony, bom Aug. 8, 1832.
The Saxon dynasty is one of the oldest reigning families in Europe. It gave an emperor to
Germany at the beginning of the tenth century, and subsequently spread into numerous
branches, the elder of which, the Ernestine line, is now represented by the ducal families of
Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Cobnrg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ; while the
younger, the Albertine line, flourishes in the present royal house of Saxony.
Government. According to the constitution of Saxony, the crown is hereditary in the male
line, but descending to the female line in case the male becomes extinct. The sole executive
power is in the hands of the King, which he exercises through responsible ministers. The leg
islature is jointly in the King and Parliament, the latter consisting of two Chambers. The Upper
Chamber comprises the royal princes, 8 barons, 12 deputies elected by the other nobles, 10 noble
men appointed by the King for life, the mayors of 8 towns, the superintendents and deputies of 5
collegiate institutions, of the University of Leipsic, and of the Roman Catholic chapter of St.
Peter at Bautzen. The Lower Chamber is made up of 20 deputies of landed proprietors, 25 of
towns and cities, 25 of peasants and commoners, and 5 representatives of commerce and man-
1869.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 559
ufacturing industry. Both houses have the right to make propositions for new laws, the bills
for which, however, must come from the ministry. No taxes can be levied without the sanc
tion of both Chambers.
The Council of Ministers. Minister of Justice, Dr. R. SCHNEIDER, appointed 1866 ; Min
ister of Finance, Baron R. VON FIUESEN, appointed 1858; Minister of the Interior, H. VON Nos-
TITZ-WALLWITZ, appointed 1866 ; Minister of War, Lieut. General A. VON FABRICS, appointed
1866; Minister of Education and Eccl. Affairs, Dr. J. P. VON FALKENSTEIN, appointed 1855.
Education. Public education has reached the highest point in Saxony, every child, with
out exception, partaking of its benefits. On the average, 95 of every 100 children capable of
instruction are in attendance at school.
Finances. The budget of Saxony for each of the years 1868 and 1869, fixes the annual rev
enue and expenditure at 13,371,057 thalers.
The amount of public debt, at the end of 1867, was 75,264,C62 thalers. The greater part of the
Saxon railways are State property, and a very considerable revenue is derived from this source,
varying from 1.500,000 to 2,000,000 thalers ; their gross income amounted in 1867, to 7,500,000
thalers. The length of State railways at the beginning of 1862, was 252 miles. The value of
the public domains was estimated at the same date, at 25,000,000 thalers.
Army. The army has been completely re-organized and forms now substantially a part of the
Prussian army according to the charter of North Germany. The effective strength of the Saxon
army— the 12th army corps of the North German Confederation— in peace, is 24,143 ; 'in war,
36,000 men, excluding substitutes and militia.
Industry. Industry flourishes highly in Saxony, so much eo that of the 2,225,240 inhabitants
in 1861, not less than 1,248,677 followed industrial pursuits; only 559,013 were engaged in agri
culture, and 172,946 in commerce. There were at the end of 1865, 505,000,000 thalers insured
in fire insurances. There were in 1865, 232 coal works; 325 mines employing 10,122 working-
men, and producing in value 1,607,694 thalers ; production of iron foundries, 2,204,442 thalers.
MECKLENBURG--SCHWERIN.
Capital, Schwerin. Area, 5,190 square miles. Population, 560.618.
This Grand Duchy is but thinly populated ; emigration has been carrying off large numbers
of inhabitants, and the population is decreasing. The sovereign possesses about one-fifth
of the land ; the nobility seven-tenths. The agricultural population is but little above the con
dition of serfs. Numerous restrictions on marriage have produced a greater proportion of ille
gitimate children than in any other part of Germany. The capital had 24,681 inhabitants in
1866. The population is a mixture of German (preponderating) and Slavic elements.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. FREDERICK FRANCIS II., Grand Duke of Mecklen-
burg-Schwcrin, born Feb. 28, 1823, son of Grand Duke Paul Frederick and Princess Alexandrine
of Prussia ; succeeded his father March 7, 1842 ; married, in second nuptials, May 12, 1864, to
Princess Anna, daughter of the late Grand Duke Ludwig II. of Darmstadt. Children : 1. Prince
Frederick Francis, heir apparent, born March 19, 1851. 2. Prince Paul Frederick, born 1852.
3. Princess Mary, born 1854. 4. Prince John Albert, born 1857.
The Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg is the only reigning family in Europe of Slavonic
origin. The Princes received the ducal title from the Emperor Charles IV. in 1340, and assumed
that of Grand Duke by permission of the Congress of Vienna, in 1815.
Government. The political institutions are of an entirely feudal character. Nearly the
whole legislative power and part of the executive are in the hands of the 624 proprietors of
knight's estates; 39 members are delegated, besides, by the municipalities and corporate
bodies. The great bulk of the population is without political rights. The executive is repre
sented in a ministry appointed by and responsible alone to the Grand Duke.
Education. In point of education, the Grand Duchy is behind all other states of the con
federation. Of the 3,744 recruits raised in 1858-61, only 322 per 1,000 could read, 131 write, and
58 cast accounts.
Finances. No official budget has ever been published. Revenue and expenditure in 1866,
amounted to 363,170 thalers. The total amount of the public debt in 1866, was 7,628,400 thalers.
Industry is low; there are almost no manufactories.
Army. The army in 1867, consisted of 5,386 men, 1,119 horses, and 14 guns.
OLDENBURG-.
Capital, Oldenburg. Area, 2,469 square miles. Population, 315,622.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. PETER I., Grand Duke of Oldenburg, born July 8.
1827, eon of Grand Duke Augustus and Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg; succeeded Feb. 27,
560 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869,
1853 ; married Feb. 10, 1852, to Elizabeth, born March 26, 1826, daughter of Prince Joseph of Saxe-
Altenburg. Children: 1. Prince Frederick Augustus, heir apparent, born Nov. 1C, 1852. 2.
Prince George Louis, born June 27, 1855. The Grand Duke's sister, Princess Amelia, was mar
ried in 1830, to Prince Otho of Bavaria, King of Greece, 1833-62. The ancient house of Olden
burg has given sovereigns to Denmark, Scandinavia, and Russia.
Government. The constitution grants liberty of the press, trial by jury, and equality of all
citizens in political and social matters. The legislative power is exercised by a Diet elected
for three years by the votes of all citizens paying taxes, the mode of election being indirect.
Finances. The budget estimates for 1867, are as follows: Revenue, 2,577,000 thalers;
expenditure, 2,464,560 thalers ; surplus, 112,440 thalers. The chief item of revenue is from cus
toms and the produce of state property. The public debt at the end of I860, was 6,090,300
thalers.
Army. The troops of Oldenburg numbering 1,815 men in peace, and 4,049 men in war, form
a part of the Prussian army.
Commerce. The commercial navy in 1866, consisted of 621 ships, of a total burthen of
32,507 lasts. The trade is principally confined to a coasting traffic with the neighboring coun
tries en. the North Sea. The chief exports are rape seed, beans, oats, barley, and wheat.
SAXE-WEIMAR.
Capital, Weimar. Area, 1,404 square miles. Population, 283,044.
This Grand Duchy is divided into three districts. The population has been increasing since
1820, at the rate of about one per cent, per annum, although emigration carries off about 2,000 a
year. The capital has 14,279 inhabitants.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. CHARLES ALEXANDER, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar,
born June 24, 1818, son of Grand Duke Charles Frederick and Marie, daughter of the Czar Paul
I. of Russia; succeeded his father July 8, 1853 ; married Oct. 8, 1842, to Sophie, born April 8,
1824, daughter of King William II. of the Netherlands. Children : 1. Prince Charles Augustus,
heir apparent, born July 31, 1844. 2. Princess Marie, born 1849. 3. Princess Elizabeth, born
1854. The sister of the Grand Duke, Princess Augusta, born 1811, married June 11, 1829, to
Prince William, now King William I. of Prussia. At the Congress of Vienna a considerable
increase of territory, together with the title of Grand Duke, was awarded to Duke Charles
Augustus, the celebrated patron of German literature, and friend of Gothc and Schiller.
Government. The legislative power is vested in a House of Parliament of thirty-one
members, of whom ten are chosen by the proprietors of nobiliar estates, ten by the towns,
ten by the rural districts, and one by the University of Jena. The general elections lake place
every seventh year. The ministry acts under the orders of the Grand Duke, but is responsi
ble to the representatives of the country.
Finances. The revenue for the period of 1866-68 is 1,703,131 thalers; the expenditure.,
1,700,088 thalers. The public debt amounts to about 4,000,000 thalers. The troops belong to
the llth Prussian army corps ; they number 3,685 men.
MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ,
Capital, New Strelitz. Area, 1,052 square miles. Population, 98.770.
The population is decreasing. A strong tide of emigration carried off nearly 3,000 inhabi
tants in eight years. The ownership of the territory is divided between the sovereign, the feu
dal proprietors, and the corporations of certain towns. The capital, in 1866, had 8,301 in
habitants.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Famiiy. FREDERICK WILLIAM I., Grand Duke of Mccklcn-
burg-Strelitz, born Oct., 17, 1819, the son of Grand Dnke George and Princess Marie of Hesse-
Cassel; succeeded his father, Sept. C, 1860; married^ June 28, 1843, to Augusta, born July 19,
1822, daughter of Duke Adolphus of Cambridge. Children: 1. Prince Adolphus Frederick,
heir-apparent, born July 22, 1848. Princess Caroline, sister of the Grand Duke, married in
1841 to Crown-prince Frederick, afterwards King Frederick VII., of Denmark.
The reigning house, founded in 1701, was permitted by the Congress of Vienna to adopt the
Grand Ducal title, notwithstanding the exceedingly limited extent of the territory, more than
one-half of which is the Grand Duke's private property.
Government. Only the possession of a Knight's estate gives right to a seat in the Diet,
The executive is entirely in the hands of the Grand Duke, exercised by him through one Min
ister of State.
18G9.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 561
The Grand Duchy has never known a budget. The whole of the public revenue goes to the
civil-lift of the Grand Duke, amounting, as it is believed, to 750,000 thalers. The army num
bers 1,317 men.
BRUNSWICK.
Capital, Brunswick. Area, 1,425 square miles. Population, 303,401.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. WILLIAM I., Duke of Brunswick, born April 25,
1806, second son of Duke Frederick William of Brunswick, and Princess Marie of Baden ; un
dertook provisionally the Government in consequence of an insurrection and subsequent flight
of his brother, the reigning Duke, in 1830 ; ascended the throne, April 25, 1831. The Ducal
house will become extinct on the death of the present Duke.
Government. The Legislative power is vested in one Chamber, consisting of 43 members.
The budget is voted for the period of three years. The public revenue and expenditure for
1864-1*866, was 5,108,000 thalers, for 1867-1869 it was 7,195,400 thalers. The amount of the public
debt in 1866, was 14,913,796 thalers, 10,000,000 of which was for railroads.
The army is organized on the Prussian system. Its strength is estimated at 4,857 infantry
and cavalry, 502 artillery, 12 guns — on war footing.
There were, in 1864, 33 mines, 19 forges, 1 saline, producing 436,883 quintals at the value of
827,702 thalers.
ANHALT.
Capital, Dessau. Area, 1,026 square miles. Population, 197,041.
Reigning- Sovereign and Family. LEOPOLD, Duke of Anhalt, born Oct., 1, 1794. the
son of Prince Frederick of Anhalt-Dessau, and of Princess Amelia of Hesse-Homburg; suc
ceeded his grandfather, Aug. 9, 1817 ; married, April 18, 1818, to Princess Frederica of Prussia,
who died Jan. 1, 1850. Children : 1. Princess Agnes, born 1824 ; 2. Prince Frederick, heir-ap
parent, born April 29, 1831 ; 3. Princess Maria, born 1837. The Ducal family of Anhalt, split
into numerous branches, are now reduced to the present line.
Government. The people are only nominally represented. The financial statement for
1867 shows a public income of 3,900,000 thalers, and an expenditure of 3,896,000 thalers. More
than a third of the revenue is derived from State property. The public debt amounted, Jan. 1,
1865, to nearly 3,500,000 thalers. The troops number 1,836 men.
SAXE-MEININGEN.
Capital, Meiningen. Area, 956 square miles. Population, 180,335.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. GEORGE II., Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, born April
2, 1828, the son of Duke Bernhard, whom he succeeded Sept. 20, 1866; married, May 18, l&r>0,
to Princess Charlotte of Prussia, and again. Oct. 23, 1858, to Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-
Langcnburg, born July 7, 1839. Children : 1. Bernhard, born April 1, 1851 ; 2. Marie Elizabeth,
born 1853; 3. Ernest, born 1859; 4. Frederick, born 1861.
Government. There is one Chamber for legislative purposes, consisting of 24 representa
tives, meeting every 3 years. The ministry is responsible to the Chamber. The budget is
voted for the term of three years. For the period of 1866-1868, the public income is settled at
1,978,900 florins, the expenditure at 1,920,400 florins ; surplus, 58,500 florins. The public debt in
1867 was 3,497,363 florins. Nearly one-half of the revenue is drawn from State domains, for
merly belonging to the Ducal family. The troops belong now to the llth Prussian army corps,
and amount to 2,110 men.
SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA.
Capital, Gotha. Area, 760 square miles. Population, 168,735.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. ERNEST II., Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, born
June 21, 1818, the son of Duke Ernest I., of Sase-Saalfeld-Coburg, and of Princess Louise of
Saxe-Altenburg ; succeeded his father, Jan. 29, 1844 ; married, May 3, 1842, to Alexandrine, born
Dec. 6, 1820, daughter of the Grand Duke Leopold of Baden. Nephew of the Duke and heir-
apparent : Prince Alfred, born Aug. 6, 1844, the son of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
and of Victoria I., Queen of Great Britain. Cousins of the Duke: Leopold II., King of the
Belgians, born April 9, 1835; Ferdinand, King of Portugal, bom Oct. 29, 1816; Prince Augustus,
born June, 1818, married to Princess Clementine, daughter of Louis Philippe, King of the
French.
562 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
Government. The legislative power is vested in two separate assemblies. Every man
above 25, who pays taxes, has a vote, and any citizen above 30 may be elected a deputy. New
elections take place every four years.
Finances. The budget is voted for the term of four years. In the financial accounts, a
distinction is made between Crown-revenue from the domains, and State-revenue. The income
of the former for the period 1867-1873 is fixed for Coburg at 190,500 florins, the expenditure at
120,500 florins. The State-revenue for the period 1805-1869 is settled at 485,000 florins, the ex
penditure at 480,000 florins a year; the public debt was, in 1807, 1,686,574 florins. The annual
income of the Crown-revenue, for Gotha, is settled for the period 18U5-1869, at 589.180 thalors,
the expenditure at 1383,870 thalers; the State-revenue and expenditure are 609,800 thalers yearly ;
the public debt 349,301 thalers. The troops number 2,046 men.
SAXE-ALTENBUBG-.
Capital, Altenburg. Area, 510 square miles. Population, 141,426.
The inhabitants are of Slavonic origin. The peasants are reported to be more wealthy than
in any other part of Germany. The rural population, however, has been declining in numbers
for the last 20 years. The chief city, Altenburg, has 17,966 inhabitants.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. ERNEST I., Duke of Saxe- Altenburg, born Sept. 16,
1826, the son of Duke George and Princess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ; succeeded his
father, Aug. 3, 1853 ; married, April 28, 1853, to Agnes, born June 24, 1824, daughter of Duke
Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau. Children: 1. Princess Marie, born Aug. 2, 1854.
Government. The legislative authority is vested in a Chamber composed of 24 represen
tatives, chosen, in equal numbers, by the nobility, the inhabitants of towns and the rural dis
tricts. The budget is voted for three years. The income for the period 1865-68, was settled at
878,904 thalers, the expenditure at 878,888. The troops number 1,473 men.
LIPPE-DETMOLD.
Capital, Detmold. Area, 438 square miles. Population, 111,352.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. LEOPOLD II., Prince of Lippe-Detmold, born Sept,
1, 1821, son of Prince Leopold and Princess Emily of Schwarzburg-Sondcrshausen ; succeeded
his father, Jan. 1, 1851 ; married, April 17, 1852, to Elizabeth, born Oct. 1, 1833, daughter of
Prince Albert of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
Government. Nearly the whole legislative, as well as executive power, remains in the
hands of the Prince. The Chamber of Deputies consists of 14 members ; it has the right of
voting, in part, the supplies, otherwise its functions are consultative. The Prince governs
through one irresponsible minister.
The budget for 1867 consists of a revenue of 224,905 thalers, and an expenditure of 209,14*3 th.
The public debt amounted, in 1867, to 347,755 th. The troops number 840 men.
REUSS.
Chief Town, Gera. Reuss, Elder line : Area, 145 square miles. Papulatton, 43,889. Reusa,
Younger line : Area, 320 square miles. Population, 88,097.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. Elder Line. HENRY XXII., Prince of Reuss-Greiz,
born March 28, 1846, succeeded his father, Nov. 8, 1859.
Younger Line. HENRY XIV., Prince of Reuss-Schleiz, born May 28, 1832, succeeded hit»
father, July 11, 1867; married, Feb. 6, 1858, to Princess Agnes of Wurtemberg. Children:
1. Prince Henry XXVII., heir-apparent, born Nov. 10, 1858; 2. Princess Elizabeth, bora 1859.
Government. Elder Line. The new constitution of 1867 authorizes a Chamber of 12
deputies, to be elected for 6 years. Younger Line. The Prince has the whole legislative and
executive power — a cabinet of 3 members acting under his direction.
Elder Line. Income about 200,000 thalers a year. Public debt, 205,000 thalers. Younger
Line. Income 25)5,343 thalers : expenditure, 288,839 ; Public debt, 692.050. Troops of the Elder
Line number 334 men — Younger Line 783 men.
SCHWARZBURG--RTJDOLSTADT.
Chief Town, Rudolstadt. Area, 374 square miles. Population, 75.074.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. ALBERT, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, born
April 30, 1798, son of Prince Louis Frederick and Caroline, daughter of the landgrave Frederick
1SG9.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 5^3
Louis of Ilesse-Homburg; succeeded his brother, June 28, 1867; married, July 26, 1827, to
Augusta, born July 26, 1804, daughter of Prince Frederick William of Solms-Braunfels. Chil
dren: 1. Princess Elizabeth, born 1833; 2. Prince and heir-apparaut George Albert, born Nov.
23, 1838.
Government. For all legislative measures the Prince must obtain the consent of a Cham
ber of Representatives of 15 members. The executive is exercised by the Ministry of State.
There are triennial budgets. For the period 1864-1866 the revenue and expenditure was 2,-
582,322 florins. The troops number 989 men.
SCHWARZBURG--SONDERSHAUSEN.
Chief Town, Arnstadt. Area, 332 square miles. Population, 67,500.
Reigning" Sovereign and Family. GUNTHER II., Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,
born Sept. 24, 1801 ; succeeded his father, Aug. 19, 1835 ; married, in second nuptials, in 1835, to
Princess Mathilda of Hohenlohe-Oehringen. Children: 1. Princess Elizabeth, born 1829;
2. Prince Charles, heir-apparent, born Aug. 7, 1830; 3. Prince Leopold, born 1832; 4. Princess
Marie, born 1837 ; 5. Prince Hugo, born 1839.
The ancient House of Schwarzburg gave an Emperor to Germany in the 14th century.
Government. The Government is an unlimited monarchy. The budget for 1864-1867 was,
revenue 628,548 thalers, expenditure 611,354. The public debt, Jan. 1, 1867, was 1,458,204 thalers.
The troops number 826 men.
WALDECK.
Chief Town, Arolsen. Area, 433 square miles. Population, 56,805.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. GEORGE VICTOR, Prince of Waldeck, born Jan. 14,
1831. the son of Prince George Frederick and Princess Emma of Anhalt-Beruburg ; succeeded
his tather, May 14, 1845 ; married, Sept. 26, 1853, to Helena, born Aug. 12, 1831, daughter of Duke
William of Nassau. Heir-apparent, Prince Frederick, born June 20, 1865.
The family of Waldeck was enrolled by the Congress of Vienna among the sovereign houses
of Europe.
Government. The legislative assembly consists of 41 members, who meet at irregular and
often distant periods, leaving the exercise of its power, voting supplies and framing laws, to a
committee of six members.
The public revenue for 1868 is 514,255 thalers, the expenditure 508,252. The public debt
amounted, in 1861, to 1,500,000 thalers ; paper money 350,000 thalers. The troops number
866 men.
SCHAUMBURG--LIPPE.
Chief Toivn, Biicekburg. Area, 171 square miles. Population, 31,186.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. ADOLPHUS, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, born Aug.
1, 1817. succeeded his father. Nov. 21, 1860; married, Oct. 25, 1844, to Hermina, born 1827, daugh
ter of the Prince of Waldeck. Children : 1. Princess Hermina, born 1845; 2. Prince George,
heir-apparent, born 18:56; 3. Prince Hermann, born 1848; 4. Princess Ida, born 1852; 5. Prince
Otto, born 1854 ; 6. Prince Adolph, born 1859 ; 7. Princess Emma, born 1865.
Government. The representative institutions are very limited. To the Prince belongs
the whole legislative and executive authority. Income and expense about 228,000 thalers. The
troops number 516 men.
HAMBURG-.
Area, 156 square miles. Population, 305,196. The city proper has 220,920 inhabitants.
Government. The present constitution of the State and Free City of Hamburg intrusts
the government to two chambers of representatives — the Senate and House of Burgesses. The
Senate, which chiefly exercises the executive power, is composed of 18 members elected for
life by the other House. A first and second Burgomaster preside over the meetings of the
Senate. The other House consists of 102 members elected for six years. In all matters of leg
islation, except taxation, the Senate has a veto ; and in case of a constitutional conflict, re
course is had to an assembly of arbitrators, chosen equally from the Senate and House.
Finances. The budget estimates for 1867, were : Income and expenditure, 12,002.703 marka
J>anco=4,801,OSO thalers. The state debt at the end of 1865, was 55,000,000 marks banco ; 26,000,-
000 of this debt was incurred after the great lire in 1842.
564 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Commerce. The total value of imports in 1866, was 779,088,010 marks banco. In the 17
years from 1850 to 1866, there were shipped from Hamburg 426,248 emigrants ; in 18G6, 44,780,
The army numbers 2,163 men.
BREMEN.
Area, 74 square miles. Population, 109,572.
Government. The Free City of Bremen is governed by a Senate of 30 members, acting
under the legislative authority of the General Assembly of citizens. The city proper has
70,692 inhabitants.
Finances. The estimated budget for 1867, is: Income, 1,761,148 thalers; expenditure,
2,040,342 thalers. The public debt amounted in 1867, to 498,650 thalers.
Commerce. The total imports in 1866, amounted to 89,000,000 thalers ; exports, 80,000,000
thalers. The commercial navy, at the end of 1866, consisted of 291 vessels, 14 of which were
screw steamers. In 1866, 61,877 emigrated from Bremen. The army numbers 760 men.
LUBECK.
Area, 107 square miles. Population, 48,538.
Government. There are two representative bodies — the Senate, exercising the executive,
and the House of Burgesses, exercising the legislative authority. The Senate is composed
of 14 members, elected for life, and presided over by two Burgomasters, who hold office for
two years each. There are 120 members in the House, chosen by all citizens belonging to the
guilds of the town. The High Court of Appeal for the Free Cities of Germany is established
at Lubeck.
Finances. The budget estimate for 1867, is 1,719,700 marks banco for both revenue and ex
penditure. The public debt is 8,246,300 thalers.
Commerce. The total imports in 1866, represented a value of over 80,000,000 marks banco ;
the principal countries being, Denmark, 3,500,000; England, 1,000,000; Russia, 17,500,000; Swe
den, over 4,500,000 marks banco. The commercial navy, at the beginning of 1867, consisted
of 40 sea-going vessels. The troops number 612 men.
SOUTH GERMANY-BAVARIA.
Capital, Munich. Area, 29,373 square miles. Population, 4,824,421.
The Kingdom is divided into eight districts, as follows :
Inhabitants. Inhabitants.
Upper Bavaria 827,669 Upper Franconia 535,000
Lower Bavaria 594,511 Central Franconia 579,688
Palatinate 626,066 Lower Franconia 584,972
Upper Palatinate and Ratisbon. . . . 491,295 Suabia 585,160
Total 4,824,421
There were detached from Bavaria and annexed to Prussia, in 1866, several small districts
north of the river Main, embracing a territory of 291 miles, with a population of 32,470. The
increase of the population has been comparatively small within the last fifty years, it having
been 3,707,966 inhabitants in 1818. The number of illegitimate births is very large. The soil
of Bavaria is divided among 947,010 proprietors, the division being greatest in the Palatinate
(228,976). Number of families about 1,330,000; 1 marriage to 154; 1 death to 36; 1 birth to 29
inhabitants. Of late years, the emigration from Bavaria has been very large. The chief cities
are Munich, 167,054 inhabitants, and Nuremberg, 71,798 inhabitants. There are 232 towns, 417
hamlets, and 22,383 villages.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. Louis II., King of Bavaria, born August 25, 1845,
son of King Maximilian II. and Maria, daughter of Prince William of Prussia; succeeded his
father March 10, 1864. The Grandfather of the King, Louis I., bora 1786, King of Bavaria, 1825-18,
died. 1868. The royal house of Bavaria descends from the Counts of Wittelsbach, who flourished
in the 12th century. Duke Maximilian I. of Bavaria, was elevated to the rank of Elector of the
Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years1 War ; and Elector Maximilian Torgoh was raised to
the rank of King by Napoleon I. in 1805.
Government. The croAvn is hereditary in the male line. To the King belongs the sole
executive power, but the ministers are responsible for his acts. The legislative functions are
exercised jointly by the King and Parliament, the latter consisting of an Upper and Lower
House. The Upper House is formed of the princes of the royal family, the crown dignitaries,
the archbishops, and the heads of certain old noble families — all these being hereditary mem-
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 565
bers, to which are added members appointed by the crown. The Lower House consists of dep
uties of towns and universities, and various religious corporations. The representation of the
country is calculated at the rate of one deputy to about a5,000 inhabitants. The executive is
carried on in the name of the King, by a Council of State consisting of seven members, be
sides three princes, and the Ministry of State, as follows:
Ministry of State. Minister of the Royal House and Foreign Affairs, Prince HOHENLOHE-
SCHILLINGSFURST, appointed 1867; Minister of Justice, Dr. LUTZ, appointed 1867; Minister of the
Interior, HERMANN VON HORBACH, appointed 1868; Minister of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs,
F. VON GRESSER, appointed 1866; Minister of Finance, A. VON PFRETSCHNER, appointed 1866;
Minister of Commerce and Public Works, G. VON SCHLSR, appointed 1866 ; War Department, Gen.
Baron S. VON PRANKH, appointed 1866.
Education. There are two Roman Catholic Universities (Munich and Wurzburg), and one
Protestant (Erlangen). In 1861, there were 7,126 schools, with 8,205 teachers. Elementary
schools exist in all parishes, and attendance on them is compulsory for all children until the
age of fourteen. There are three Polytechnical Schools. Of army recruits in 1865, about 7 per
cent, were deficient in schooling. In 1866, 339 newspapers were published.
Finances. According to the budget for the period 1861-67, the annual revenue and expendi
ture was 46,720,597 florins. The revenue and expenditure for 1868-69, are estimated at 88,602,570
florins. The greater number of the railways in Bavaria, constructed up to Sept. 30. 1865, at a
cost of 149,000,000 florins, are the property of the State. The net revenue derived from them
in 1866, amounted to nearly 6,000,000 florins. The State domains produced, in the year 1864-65,
over 7,000,000 (net) florins. The State debt Jan. 1, 1867, amounted to 356,000,000 florins; of
which 146,000,000 florins is railway debt. At the end of August of the same year, it is stated to
have been 402,500,000 florins. The great increase of this debt was caused by the war in 1866.
Army. The armed force of the Kingdom comprises the permanent army, the reserve, and
the militia, (Landwehr). All men from the age of twenty-one are liable to serve for six years.
The purchase of substitutes is permitted by law. The permanent army in 1867, consisted of
73,582 men on peace footing ; and 96,583 men on war footing. The reserve of infantry, cavalry,
artillery, and engineers amounted to 124,721 men ; total of army and reserve, 221,304 men. The
active militia (excluding the Palatinate) is : Infantry, 54,000 men, and cavalry, 2,500 men. The
fortresses are Ingolstadt and Germersheim.
Industry. The production of beer amounts, on an average, to 582,000,000 "maass," (137.-
000,000 gallons), of which only one-hundredth part is exported. In 1865, 716 mines, 131 forges,
and 8 salines produced a value of 12,000,000 florins. In 1865, there were 264 savings banks, with
243,227 depositors. The length of railways, Oct. 1, 1866, was over 1,500 miles— comparatively
more than in Prussia. That of the telegraphs, about 1,900 miles. The post offlce despatched
and received 39.000,000 letters and 52,000,000 newspapers.
WURTEMBERG-.
Capital, Stuttgart. Area, 7,532 square miles. Population, 1,778,479.
The increase of population is very slow, being little more than 1 £ per cent, in 1858-61. Emi
gration draws off a considerable number of inhabitants, the country losing 54,285 persons in
1842-52, and rising in 1854, to the extreme amount of 21,144. Emigration has increased since
the war of 1866, and the apprehended introduction of the Prussian military system. In 1864,
the capital had 69,084 inhabitants.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. CHARLES, King of Wurtemberg, born March 6,
1823; succeeded his father, June 25, 1864; married July 13, 1846, to Grand Duchess Olga of Rus
sia, daughter of Czar Nicholas I. The former Duchy of Wurtemberg was erected into a King
dom by the Emperor Napoleon, 1806.
Government. Absolute freedom of person and property ; liberty of conscience and of
speech ; limited liberty of the press ; all citizens equal before the law. In the King rests the
sole executive power, exercised through responsible ministers. The legislative power is given
jointly to the King and to the representatives of the people. The Parliament consists of two
houses. The Upper chamber consists of the members of the royal family, the heads of the
principal noble families, and other members nominated by the King for life. The House of
Deputies consists of 13 members of the nobility, 9 ecclesiastics, the Chancellor of the Univer
sity of Tubingen, and 71 deputies of towns and rural districts, chosen for six years. A special
Court of Justice is appointed (partly by the King, and partly by the Chambers), guardian of the
constitution.
The Executive. Minister of the Royal House and Foreign Affairs, Baron VON VARNBIJLER,
appointed 1864; Minister of Justice^OTxT&.vmx&cm:, appointed 1867; Minister of the Interior, VON
566 THE AMEKICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
GESSLER, appointed 1864; Minister of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, Dr. VON GOLTHEU, ap
pointed 1861 ; Minister of Finance, YON RENNER, appointed 1864 ; Minister of War, Gen. Baron
VON WAGNER, appointed 1867.
Education. Education stands very high in Wurtcmberg. There was, as far back as 1840,
not an individual, above the age of ten, unable to read and write. There are above 2,500 ele
mentary schools, besides numerous seminaries for imparting a classical education, and seven
colleges. The whole educational system is centered in the University of Tubingen, founded
in 1477, and attended, on the average, by nearly a thousand students.
Finances. The budget for the term 1864-67 : Income, 51,226.785 florins ; Expenditure, 51,-
192,708 florins ; surplus, 34,077 florins. The budget estimate for 1867-70, is as follows : Revenue
and expenditure, 64,445,459 florins. The principal items of expenditure per annum, in the esti
mate for 1867-70, are : Public debt, nearly 7,000,000 florins ; Justice, 1,250,000 florins ; Interior,
nearly 2,000,000 florins ; School and Church, 2,750,000 florins ; war, 5,250,000 florins. The public
debt amounted, July 6, 1867, to 111,181,320 florins. The value of the State domains is estimated
to be 120,000,000 florins. On July 1, 1866, 80,000,000 florins had been expended for railroads,
which yielded in the fiscal year 1865-66, nearly 10,000,000 florins. The length of railroad lines
in 1865-66, was about 350 miles.
Army. The army is formed by conscription. Substitution is allowed. The troops num
bered, in 1866, 29,238 men. The number of recruits is now 4,600 men annually, of whom 516
furnished substitutes.
Industry. There was invested a capital of 10,750,000 florins, in 1865, in the savings banks,
and 556,000,000 in the fire insurance companies. There were, in Jan., 1865, 105,000 horses, 975,-
000 cattle, 704,000 sheep, 264,000 swine, and 35.000 goats. 18 mines, 41 forges and 9 salines, pro
duced a value of 2,211,962 thalers. The Post oftice despatched and received 15,000,000 letters
and 14,000,000 newspapers, in 1865-66. There were, July 1, 1866, 158 telegraph stations.
BADEN.
Capital, Carlsruhe. Area, 5,912 square miles. Population, 1,434,970.
The Grand Duchy, stretching longitudinally from the lake of Constance along the right bank
of the Rhine, is divided into 11 districts. The population has not greatly increased, the decline
being chiefly owing to emigration. Most of the emigrants have consisted of families possessed
of some property. Their number amounted to 21,561 in 1854, the great majority of whom went
to North America.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. FREDERICK I., Grand Duke of Baden, born Sept.
9, 1826, son of Grand Duke Leopold I. and Princess Sophia of Sweden ; succeeded his father,
April 24, 1852; married, Sept. 20, 1856, to Louisa, born Dec. 3, 1838, daughter of King William I.
of Prussia. Children: 1. Frederick William, heir-apparent, born July 9, 1857 ; 2. Sophia, born
1862; 3. Louis, born 1865. The title of Grand Duke was given by Napoleon I. to Margrave
Charles Frederick of Baden, in 1806.
Government. The Constitution of Baden vests the executive power in the Grand Duke,
and the legislative authority in two Chambers. The upper Chamber comprises the princes,
noblemen, prelates, 2 deputies of the Universities, and 8 members nominated by the Grand
Duke ; the second Chamber is composed of 63 members, 22 being elected by towns, and the
rest by the rural districts. The elections are indirect.
The Ministry. Minister of the Grand Ducal House and Foreign Affairs, R. VON FRETDORF :
Minister of the Interior (and provisionally of Justice), T. JOLLY ; Minister of Commerce, G. VON
DUSCH ; Minister of Finances, M. ELST^ETTER ; Minister of War, Gen. VON BEYER. There is also
a "Secret Cabinet," of which Baron von Ungern-Sternfeld is director.
Education. Education is compulsory in Baden. In 1861 there was one school for every
530 of the population. There are 2 Universities, Heidelberg and Freiburg, 7 Colleges, and 5
Gymnasia.
Finances. The budget is estimated (officially), for 1867, as follows : Receipts, 17,095,008
florins ; Expenditure, 16,025,132 florins ; excess of revenue, 1,069,956 florins. The public debt
of Baden consisted, Jan. 1, 1867, of debt bearing no interest, 15,878,761 florins ; interest bearing
debt, 24,625,408 florins; railway debt, 83,936,264 florins ; total, 124,440,433 florins. All the rail
roads of Baden are property of the State.
Army. The army is formed by conscription ; substitution is allowed. Term of service 6
years. It numbers, on war footing, 18,402 men.
Industry. Length of railroads, 101 geographical miles ; net receipts, 4.000,000 florins.
Length of telegraph lines, 214 geographical miles ; receipts, in 1866, 130,000 florins.
18(50.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 567
HESSE.
Capital, Darmstadt. Area, 2,969 square miles. Population,
There were detached from the Grand Duchy and added to Prussia in 1SG6, several districts
north of the river Maine, comprising an area of 377 square miles, with a population of 46,605.
Reigning- Sovereign and Family. Louis III., Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, born
June 9, 1836, eon of Grand Duke Louis II., and of Princess Wilhelmina of Baden ; succeeded
his father, June 16. 1848 ; married, Dec. 26, 1833, to Princess Mathilda, daughter of King Louis
of Bavaria. The former landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt had the title of Grand Duke giveil
them by Napoleon I., in 1806.
Government. The legislative power is vested, in part, in two Chambers. The upper
House is composed of the princes, noblemen, prelates, the Chancellor of the University of
Giessen and a number of life members. The lower House consists of 6 deputies of noble land
owners, 10 deputies of towns, and 34 representatives of the rural districts. The mode of elec
tion is indirect.
The Executive. Minister of the Grand Ducal House, of the Interior, and of Foreign Affairs,
Baron VON DALWIGK ; Minister of Justice, P. VON LINDELOF ; Minister of Finance, SCHENK
Zu SCHWEINSBERG ; Minister of War, Gen. VON GUOLMAN.
Finance. The budget estimate for the period 1866-68 was, annual revenue 9,248,357 florins ;
annual expenditure, 8,527,827 florins ; annual surplus, 420,530 florins. The public debt amounted,
at the end of 1866, to about 2,000,000 florins, excluding 10,000,000 loan for the railroads.
Army. The troops number 19,260 men. According to the military convention with Prussia,
the fortress Mentz is now exclusively garrisoned by Prussian troops.
LIECHTENSTEIN.
Area, 62 square miles. Population, 7,994.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. JOHN II., Prince of Liechtenstein, born Oct. 5,
1840, succeeded his father, Nov. 12, 1858. The immense private property of the princely family
(in Austria), embraces 2,200 square miles, with 350,000 inhabitants.
Government. The legislative power is vested in the House of Representatives, compris
ing 15 members. A vote is given to all inhabitants who can read and write. There is no pub
lic budget, nor any public debt.
6. GREAT BRITAIN.
Capital, London. Area, 121,115 square miles. Population, 29,321,288.
History. Conquest by the Saxons, about 449 ; establishment of the Octarchy, 560 ; estab
lishment of a Danish Dynasty, early in the llth century ; restoration of the Saxon Dynasty,
1042; conquest by the Normans, under William the Conqueror, 1066; Henry II. founder of the
Plant age nets, 1155; Henry VII., first King of the House of Tudor. 1485; James I., first King
of the Stuart line, 1603 ; Charles I. beheaded, 1649; Cromwell, 1649 to 1658; restoration of the
Stuarts, 1660 ; expulsion of the Stuarts, and accession of the House of Orange, 1688; Legisla
tive Union of England and Scotland, called Great Britain, 1707; Legislative Union of Great
Britain and Ireland, called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 1801.
Area and Population. The following table gives the area and poulation of Great Britain
and Ireland, according to the oflicial census of ISfil, with the increase or decrease subsequent
to the oflicial census of 1851 :
Square Miles. Inhabitants, 1861. Increase since 1851. Decrease since 1801.
England 50,922 18,954,444 2,032,566
Wales 7,398 1,111,780 106,049
Scotland 29,928 3,062.294 173,552
Islands.... 354...' 143,447 321
Great Britain 88,602 23,271,965 2,312,488
Ireland 32,513 5.798,967 753,419
United Kingdom 121,115 29,070,932 1,559,069
Soldiers and Sailors abroad 250,356 ...
Total 29,321,288 1,559,069
According to the calculation of the Registrar General, the total population of Great Britain
and Ireland was, in 1866, 29,934,404, and on June 30, 1867, as follows: England and Wales,
21,429,508; Scotland, 3,170,769; Ireland, 5,556,962; total, 30,157,239.
568
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[IStiO.
Total British Empire in 1 88 1 . An official census in the United Kingdom and the Austra
lian colonies was held April 8, 18G1, and in nearly all the colonies, with the exception of British
India, in the course of the same year. The result was as follows :
Square Miles. Inhabitants.
England— its Colonies and Possessions— Total 4,419,559 174,156,882
I: nited Kingdom, inclusive of soldiers and sailors 121,115 29,321,288
Colonies and Possessions, exclusive of soldiers, 47,814 men. .3,304,722 9,204,243
British India, exclusive of British army, 02,893 men 933,722 135,571,351
European Possessions 122 105,317
North American Colonies 512,193 3,333,507
West Indian Possessions 106,449 1,114,508
African Possessions 130,750 1,004,595
Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean 7,647 7,426
Possessions in the Indian Ocean 25,485 2,3(53.707
Australia and New Zealand 2,582,070 1,322,1)37
Total British Empire in 1868*. The usual returns from the British possessions,
which were laid before Parliament in 1868, furnish the following latest statements, concerning
the area and population of the British Empire : British India heads the list with its vast pop
ulation of 150.000,000. Its area, however, 988,901 square miles, seems small when compared
with that of North American or Australian possessions. British North America is returned
as containing 632,360 square miles, and its population in 1866, 4,007,810 ; the Dominion of Canada,
376,988 square miles, with a population of 3,753,000 ; Newfoundland, 40,200 square miles and
130.000 inhabitants ; Prince Edward's Island, 2,173 square miles, and 90,000 inhabitants ; British
Columbia, 213,000 square miles and 34,816 inhabitants in 1861. But this is without reckoning
the vast north-west territory waiting to be occupied—territory that brings the extent of British
North America up to, perhaps, 3,500,000 square miles.
Not far behind in extent is Australia, with its 2,582,070 square miles, and a population fa^t
approaching 2,000,000, though only 1,662,003 in 1SOG. The extent of Western Australia is 978,000
square miles, a territory nearly as large as British India, but with a populationof only 21.005—
less than a 7,000th part of that of India; Queensland is returned as containing 678,000 square
miles, and a population of 90,172; South Australia, 383,328 square miles, with a population of
103,452; New South Wales, 323,437 square miles, with a population of 431,412: New Zealand,
106,259 square miles, with a population of 208,082 ; Victoria has been so conspicuous by its
great prosperity that many forget its comparatively small extent— 80,831 square miles, but hav
ing a population of 043,912 in 1866, and now about 700,000; Tasmania comprises 26,215 square
miles, with 97,308 inhabitants. The West India Islands contain no more than 12,083 square
miles, but the population in 1861 was 934,197 ; Jamaica has half the area, 6,400 square miles,
and not far from half the population, viz : (in 1801) 441,204.
The Cape of Good Hope and Natal add 216,755 square miles to British possessions, with a
population of 759,201; Ceylon, 24,700 square miles, and 2,088,027 inhabitants, Mauritius, 708 eq.
miles, and 310,050, inhabitants: British Guiana, 76,000 square miles, and 148,020 inhabitants (in
1S61) ; Honduras, 13,500 square miles, and 25,635 inhabitants in the same year.
The other colonies and possessions — the Straits settlements, Hong-kong, West African set
tlements, Labuan, St. Helena, the eight Falklands, Bermuda, Gibraltar, Malta— bring the extent
of the British possessions beyond the sea up to 4,562,000 square miles, and their population to
161,486,000— a number which has increased since the date of these estimates or enumerations.
Including the British North-West American possessions, and linking the whole to the mother
countiy, the Queen's realm will be found to comprise territory of about seven millions of Eng
lish square miles, with a population approaching two hundred millions.
Growth of the Colonial Empire. The following table exhibits the gradual growth
of the Colonial Empire of Great Britain:
EUROPE.
Colonies and Dependencies. Mode of Acquisition. Pate.
Gibraltar Capture 1704
Heligoland
Malta and Gozo.
Ceylon
Bengal "I
Bombay
Madras
N. W. Provinces
Punjaub j
Hongkong
Labuan . . .
Cession 1814
...Capture 1800
ASIA.
Capitulation 1790
Settlement
and Con
quest at
various periods
from 1025—1849
Treaty 1843
Cession 1846
AFRICA.
Colonies and Dependencies. Mode of Acquisition. Date.
Cape of Good Hope Capitulation ISOfi
Gambia Settlement 1031
Gold Coast Settlement , 1001
Natal Settlement 1838
St. Helena Settlement 1051
Sierra Leone Settlement 1787
Mauritius Capitulation 1810
AMERICA.
Bermuda Settlement 1609
British Columbia Settlement 1009
Canada, Lower Capitulation 1759
Canada, Upper Cession 1763
* Unofficial, and therefore not substituted for official returns given elsewhere.
1809.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 569
AMERICA CONTINUED.
Colonies and Dependencies. Mode of Acquisition. Date.
New Brunswick Settlement 1497
New Foundland Settlement 1497
Nova Scotia Settlement 1497
Prince Edward's Island. Settlement 1497
Guiana, British Capitulation 1803
Falkland Islands Cession 1837
WEST INDIES.
Antigua Settlement 1632
Bahamas Settlement 1629
Barbadoes Settlement 1G05
Dominica Cession 1703
Grenada Cession 1763
Honduras Cession 1070
Jamaica Capitulation 1055
Montserrat Settlement 1032
Nevis ... ... Settlement 1028
WEST INDIES CONTINUED.
Colonies and Dependencies. Mode of Acquisition. Date.
St. Kitts Settlement .1023— .1050
St. Lucia Capitulation 1803
St. Vincent Cession 1763
Tobago Cession 1703
Tortola, etc Settlement 1675
Trinidad Capitulation 1797
Turk's Island Settlement 1629
AUSTRALIA.
Australia, South Settlement 1836
Australia, West Settlement 1829
New South Wales Settlement 1787
(Queensland Settlement 1859
ISew Zealand Settlement 1839
Tasmania Settlement 1803
Victoria Settlement 1836
Increase of Population. The population of England and Wales in 1801, amounted to
9,150,171 ; so that it has more than doubled in the course of fifty years. From 1801 to 1801,
the rate of increase was as follows : 1801—1811, 14 per cent. ; 1811—1821, 16 per cent. ; 1821
—1831, 15 per cent.; 1831—1841, 14 per cent. ; 1841—1851, 13 per cent.; 1851— 1801, 12 per cent.
The proportion of male to female children is as 104,811 to 109,000. In consequence of the
greater mortality of male children, equilibrium between the sexes is restored about the tenth
year of life ; emigration, war, and perilous occupations continue to thin the ranks of the male
population, so that finally there are 100,000 women to 95,000 men.
The population of Scotland in 1801, was 1,608,420; it has therefore increased 90.32 per cent,
within the last fifty years. The per centage of decennial increase was as follows : 1801—1811,
12.27; 1811—1821, 15.82; 1821—1831, 13.04; 1831—1841, 10.82; 1841—1851, 10.25; 1851—1801, G.OO.
Decrease in Ireland. The population of Ireland in 1812, was 6,801,827 ; in 1831, 7,707,401 ;
in 1841, 8,775,124 ; in 1851, 6,552,386 ; in 1861, 5,798,967. The decrease from 1841 to 1851 was 19.85
per cent, and from 1851 to 1861, 12.02 per cent.
Emigration. In the eight years from 1847 to 1854 inclusive, the total emigration from the
United Kingdom was 2,444,802, equal to an average of 305,600 a year. It fell off considerably
in the following eight years (1855 to 1862), being in 1861 less (91,770), than in any year since
1844 ; but it rose again in the subsequent years. During the fifteen years from 1852 to 1SOO, it ex
ceeded, according to official returns, three millions and a half. The total number of emigrants
in 1860, was 204,882; of whom 58,856 were English; 12,307 Scotch; 98,890 Irish; 20,091 foreign;
and 8,138 not designated. As regards place of destination, 101,000 went to the United States ;
24,097 to the Australian Colonies and New Zealand ; 13,255 to the North American Colonies ;
and 0,530 to all other places.
Classification of Population. The general classification of the population enumerated
in England, Wales and Scotland, at the census of 1801, was as follows :
England. Scotland. England. Scotland.
1. Professional Class... 481,957.... 52,515 4. Agricultural Class.... 2,010.454. ... 378,009
2. Domestic Class 11,420,720. . . .1,734,295 5. Industrial Class 4,828,399. ... 094,074
3. Commercial Class 623,710 84,338 6. Indefinite Class 694,984 118,403
Total 20,000,224 3,002,294
Wealth. The gross annual value of real property in 1802, was in England, £120,009,963 ;
in Scotland, £15,128,5:38 ; in Ireland, £13,400,546.
Pauperism. The statistics of paupers in receipt of relief, was in 1867 and 1808, as follows:
England and Wales (1868): Adult able-bodied paupers, 185,630; all other paupers, 849,193 ; total,
1,034,823. Scotland (1867) : Paupers, 76,737 ; Dependents, 44,432; total, 121,169. Ireland (1868) :
Indoor paupers, 56,663 ; outdoor paupers, 15,830 total, 72,493.
Crime. The number of criminal offenders, committed for trial, convicted, and acquitted,
was, in 1867, in the three Kingdoms, as follows :
Committed for Trial. Convicted. Acquitted.
England and Wales 18,971 14207 4,741
Scotland 3,305... .. 2,510 277
Ireland 4,561 2,733 1,803
All the three Kingdoms show a considerable decrease in the number of persons committed
for trial since 1853, which is partly attributed to the operation of the Criminal Justice statute
of 1855, which authorizes Justices of the Peace to pass sentences for short periods, with the
consent of the prisoners, instead of committing for trial to the Sessions. In Ireland the num
ber of persons committed for trial has decreased more largely from 1854 to 1867, than in either
England or Scotland, (from 11,788 to 4,561).
570 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. \1W9.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. VICTORIA I., Queen of Great Britain and Ireland,
born May 24, 1819 ; daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, (fourth son of King George III.),
and of Princess Victoria, of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, widow of Prince Emich of Lciningcn.
Succeeded her uncle, William IV., June 20, 1837; married February 10, 1840, to Prince Albert
of Saxc-Coburg-Gotha; widow December 14, 1SG1. Children: 1. Princess Victoria, born Nov.
21, 1840 ; married to the Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, (see Prussia). 2. Prince
Albert Edward, heir apparent, bom November 9, 1841 ; married March 10, 18C3, to Princess
Alexandra, daughter of the King of Denmark; (issue, two sons and one daughter: Albert
Victor, born January 8, 1804; George, born June 3, 18G5 ; and Louise, born February 20, 1807.)
3. Princess Alice, born April 25, 1843 ; married to Prince Ludwig, of Hesse Darmstadt. 4.
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, born August 6, 1844. 5. Princess Helena, born May 25,
184G; married July 5, 1SG6, to Prince Christian of Schleswig-IIolstcin-Sonderburg-Augusten-
burg. G. Princess Louise, born March 18, 1848. 7. Prince Arthur, born May 1, 1850. 8.
Prince Leopold, born April 7, 1853. 9. Princess Beatrice, born April 14, 1857.
TJie C'iiil List of the Queen, in accordance with the act of December 23, 1837, amounts to
£385,000 ; besides £15,000 are allowed to Prince Alfred ; £8,000 to the Crown Princess of Prussia ;
£6,000 to Princess Ludwig of Hesse-Darmstadt ; £G,000 to the Duchess of Cambridge ; £3,000 to
the Grand Duchess of Mccklenburg-Strelitz ; £5,000 to Princess Teck ; and £12,003 to Duke
George of Cambridge. The heir apparent of the crown has settled upon him an annuity of
£40,000. The Prince of Wales has besides as income, the revenues of the Duchy of Cornwall,
which, in 18GG, amounted to £78,158. The Princess of Wales has settled upon her an annual
sum of £10,000.
The House of Hanover. The following is a list of the Kings of the House of Hanover:
1. George I. ascended the throne 1714. 2. George II. 1727 ; 3. George III. 17GO. 4. George IV.
1820. 5. William IV. brother of the preceding, 1830. 6. Victoria, 1837.
Government. The form of government is monarchical, the monarchy being limited and
hereditary. The Constitution vests the legislative power in Parliament, which consists of the
Sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. The executive functions of gov
ernment are performed in the name of the Sovereign by a ministry taken from members of both
Houses, the ministers being held responsible for all executive and administrative acts. Legis
lative authority is lodged exclusively in Parliament, and the three branches of King, Lords and
Commons must concur in any measure before it can become law. General measures of legisla
tion may be initiated in either House, but all bills of supply must originate in the Commons,
nor has the House of Lords the power of amending their provisions. The Sovereign has the
prerogative of the veto, but this has long ceased to be exercised, and the House of Commons is
virtually omnipotent in its control of state affairs. The House of Lords consists of the Lords
spiritual and temporal. Of the former there are 30, viz. : the Archbishops of York and of Can
terbury, 24 English Bishops, and 4 Irish Spiritual Peers. The latter numbered, in 18G7, 433, divided
as follows: Peers of the Royal blood, 4; Dukes, 20; Marquesp.es, 19 ; Earls, 110 ; Viscounts, 22;
Barons, 214,— all English ; and 1G Scotch, and 28 Irish Representative Peers. The House of Com
mons has a total of G58 members, which has generally been the number since the union of
Great Britain and Ireland. By the passage of the Scotch and Irish Reform Bills, the distribu
tion of seats was so changed as to give England 493, Scotland GO, and Ireland 105 members.
Scotland receives 7 additional members, but the whole number of members of Parliament re
mained unchanged. The passage of the measures in question has led to very material changes
in the constituency of the popular branch of the Legislature. In the session of 18G7, a bill was
introduced by the Derby Ministry providing for an enlargement of the constituency, by certain
modifications of the franchise ; but the changes proposed were clogged with provisions of so
restrictive a character that the measure as introduced was vehemently opposed by the Liberal
party, who successfully pressed upon the Government certain amendments which have had the
effect of placing the franchise within reach of the working classes, and of adding hundreds of
thousands of votes to the electoral body of the United Kingdom. The main feature of the Act
is the provision establishing household suffrage in England. According to this new electoral law,
every man is entitled to vote for members of Parliament, who, not laboring under any legal inca
pacity, shall be the occupier, as owner or tenant, of a dwelling-house in the borough in which he
claims to vote, provided he is assessed, and has paid rates for the relief of the poor ; and every
man also who occupies lodgings which would let unfurnished at £10 a year, on the condition in
cither case that he has occupied such dwelling-house or lodgings for a period of at least 12 months
previous to the last day of July in any year. This is the qualification for voting in the boroughs.
To be entitled to vote for county members the claimant is required to have a copyhold, or lease
hold interest, or an interest arising from any other tenure whatever, of at least £5 clear yearly
1869.]
FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE.
571
value, in property situated in the county ; or to be the occupier, on the same conditions as to
period of residence as above stated, of lands or tenements within the county, of the ratable Maine
of £12 or upwards. The other important provisions of the new Reform Bill related to the re
distribution of seats, whereby members were taken from certain small boroughs, not entitled
to more than one representative each, and given to large towns with a numerous population,
and to counties ; and the adoption also of the principle of the representation of minorities,
according to which, as applied in the Bill, in Constituencies returning three members, the
voters sluill be respectively entitled to vote for two only. In the session of 1868, supplementary
Reform Bills from Scotland and Ireland were introduced, placing the franchise in those parts of
the United Kingdom on substantially the same basis as in England, and in the case of Scotland
providing for an addition of seven members to her representation.
The duration of Parliament is septennial, but the Crown has the prerogative of dissolving at
its pleasure, and a dissolution always takes place on the death of the Sovereign. The preroga
tive of dissolution, however, is never exercised except on the advice of Ministers, and as a
rule only when some great question of state has to be submitted to the people for their decision,
or when important acts have been passed by Parliament, involving great changes— such, for
instance, as the new Reform Bills. A general election, on the basis of the reform bill? passed
in 1867 and 1868, and explained above, took place in November 1868, the Right Hon. Benjamin
Disrseli being then Prime Minister.
The Cabinet. (Dec. 1868.) First Lord of the Treasury, Right Hon. WILLIAM E. GLADSTONE ;
Lord Ch ancdlor, LORD HATHERLEY, (late Sir W. Page Wood) ; Lord President of the Council, EARL
DE GREY and RIPON ; Lord P)'ivy Seal, EARL OF KIMBERLY ; Chancellor of (he Exchequer, Right
Hon. ROBERT LOWE ; Secretary of State for the Home Department, Right Hon. HENRY A. BRUCE ;
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, LORD CLARENDON ; Secretary of State for the Colonies,
EARL GRANVILLE ; Secretary of State for India, DUKE OF ARGYLL ; Secretary of State for War,
Right Hon. Mr. CARDWELL ; First Lord of the Admiralty, Right Hon. Mr. GUILDERS ; President
of the Board of Trade, Right Hon. JOHN BRIGHT; Post Master General, MARQUIS OF HARTINGTON ;
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, LORD DUFFERIN ; President of (he Poor Law Board,
Right Hon. GEORGE J. GOSCHEN ; Chief Secretary of Ireland, Right Hon. CHICHESTER FORTESCUE.
The Duke of Cambridge is Commander of the Forces, and A. Henry Layard Chief Commis
sioner of Works and Public Buildings.
Political Parties. The following are the statistics of most of the Parliamentary elections
that have taken place since the passage of the Reform Act, showing in what manner the pro
portion between Liberals and Conservatives has been in various times affected :
CONSTITUENCIES.
1837.
1841.
1847.
1852.
1859.
1865.
1868.t
Lib.
187
49
71
88
11
~351
Con.
140
95
34'
-20
18
307
Lib.
183
34
61
32
11
321
Con.
144
HO1
44'
211
18
*337
Lib.
195
37
62
34
11
339
Con.
132
107!
43i
19!
18
319
Lib.
198
33
63
34
11
339
Con.
Lib.
200
41
52
38
15
346
Con.
Lib. Con.
Lib. 1 Con.
English boroughs
English counties
Ireland
125
ill!
42!
19j
18
315
123'
103
53;
15!
14
80S1
198
:,i
56
43
14
362
126
96 '
49j
10
15
296 !
197
47
66
53
23
386
93
123
39
7
10
272
Scotland
Wales
Totals
Education. Public Education has of late made great progress. The proportion of men
who could write increased from two-thirds in 1842 to three-fourths in 1866; and of women, from
a half to two-thirds, in the same periods. The least progress has been made in Wales.
The progress of schools, inspected and supported by the Government from 1860 to 1866, is
exhibited by the following table :
ENGLAND AND WALES, INCLUSIVE OF ISLE OF MAN AND ROMAN CATHOLIC
SCHOOLS FOR GREAT BRITAIN.
Schools inspected.
Children who can be accommodated.
Average No. of children in attendance.
I860
1862
1864
1867
6,012
6,113
6,470
7,601
1,158,827
1,292,560
1,332.553
1,61)5.409
751.325
813,850
862.817
978,332
* About 30 of these were Liberal-Conservatives, t There was a tie vote for one English borough.
572
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
SCOTLAND, EXCLUSIVE OF ROHAN CATHOLIC SCUOOLS.
[1869.
Tear ending 31st of Aug.
Schools inspected.
Childr
i be accommodated.
Average No. of children in attendance.
1860
1862
1864
18G7
1,2(50
1,456
1,421
1,7:39
161,421
183,680
188,004
231,81)8
13:2,009
150,989
148,817
1(10,131
In Ireland, the total number of children whose names appeared on the rolls of the national
schools in 1866, was 910,819, a decrease of £ per cent, as compared with 1865. The average daily at
tendance was 316,225, a decrease of one-fifth per cent. Of the total number on the rolls, 738,79-4
(81.18 per cent.) were Roman Catholic ; 6.96 per cent, belonged to the Established Church, 11.16
to the Presbyterian, and 0.70 to other persuasions. The unmixed schools show 18,702 Protestant
pupils under Protestant teachers, and 373,756 Roman Catholic pupils under Roman Catholic
teachers.
The annual Parliamentary grants to popular education amounted, in 1840, to £30,000; in 1848,
to £83,406; in 1850, to £180,110; in 1854, to £326,436; in 1858, to £668,873 ; in 1862, to £774,743;
in 1866, to £649,006. From 1839 to 1866 the total public expenditure for education was £6,710,862.
Of this amount, £4,039,333 were given to Church of England schools ; £228,110 to Roman Catho
lic schools in England and Wales; £406.184 to schools connected with the Church of Scotland;
£322,777 to the Free Church of Scotland ; £34,363 to the Episcopal Church of Scotland ; £18,793
to Roman Catholic schools in Scotland.
A report of the Army Medical Department shows the following condition among every 1,000
recruits examined in 1864 :
Unable to read or write. Able to read only. Able to read and writ*.
England 239 37 724
Scotland 163 157 680
Ireland 318 104 578
Finances. The gross produce of revenue, for the year ending March 31,1808, and the gross
expenditure for the same period are as follows:
REVENUE. EXPENDITURES.
Customs £22,650,000 Interest and repayment of Debt . . . £26,571,750
Excise 20,162,000 Consolidated Fund charges 1,893,898
Stamps 9,541,000 Army 15,418,582
Assessed Taxes 3,500,000 Navy 11,168,939
Income Tax 6,177,000 Abyssinia Expedition 2,000,000
Crown Lands 345,000 Collection of Revenue 4,883,203
Post Office 4,630,000 Packet service 808,518
Miscellaneous 2,586,218 Civil service estimates 8,491,341
Totals £69,600,218 Total £71,236,231
The total amount of revenue and expenditures from 1864 to 1867 was as follows:
REVENUE. EXPENDITURES.
1864 £70,208,964 £67,056,286
1865 70,313,436 6(5,402,206
1866 67,812,292 65,914,357
1867 69,434,568 66,780,396
The details of the changes made in taxation in the seven years from March 31, 1860, to March
31, 1867, were as follows : Taxes repealed or reduced, £19,299,863; taxes imposed, £3,263,215;
net reduction, £16,036,648. The state of the National Debt for the five years from 1863 to 1867,
was as follows :
CAPITAL. INTEREST.
1863 £799,802,139 £25,996,753
1864 790,565,224 26,211,790
1865 786,510,795 26,369,398
1866 781,500,929 26,233,288
1867 777,497,804 26,081,778
1869.]
FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE.
573
Army. According to estimates laid before the House of Commons, the English army for the
year 1867-68, consisted of the following regiments, depots and training establishments : -
REGIMENTS, DEPOTS AND TRAINING ESTABLISHMENTS.
Officers.
Non-Com. officers,]
Trumpeters and
Rank and File.
Officers on the General Staff
REGIMENTS.
Roval Horse Artillery
75
86
99
578
798
7
401
93
257
3.809
1
1
1
19G
175
132
189
1,018
1,712
13
374
184
446
6,988
221
112
57
272
389
1,720
1,029
8,427
14,250
205
3.918
i;521
5,250
63,760
778
488
242
3,000
4,270
Life Guards and Horse Guards
Cavalry of the line
Royal Artillery
Ridin0" Establishment
Royal Engineers
Military Train . . ...
Infantry of the line
Army Hospital Corps
Commissariat Staff
Staff Corps for Military Supplies
West Indian Regiments
Colonial Corps
Total
6,502
11
44
25
312
12,107
34
143
69
728
108,858
404
627
1,341
6,040
DEPOTS OF INDIAN REGIMENTS.
Royal Horse Artillery
Cavalry
Royal Artillery
Infantry
Total
392
11
79
22
1
"l9
974
13
133
51
26
14
30
8,412
"Si
"22
RECRUITING AND OTHER ESTABLISHMENTS.
Cavalry Depots
Infantry li .
Recruiting Establishments
Instruction in Gunnery
" in Engineering'
" in Musketry
Total
132
10
12
10
267
21
&5
180
76
10
TRAINING SCHOOLS.
Cadet Company (Woolwich)
Royal Military College (Sandbury)
Regimental Schools
Total
32
75
6,502
392
132
32
236
la'ior
974
267
236
10
108,858
8,412
76
10
RECAPITULATION.
Total General's Staff
" Regiments
" Depots of Indian Regiments
" Recruiting and other establishments
" Training Schools
Total
7,133
13,584
117,356
138.073
Total force, cost of which is defrayed from Army Grants.
In addition to the standing army, England had, in 1868, the following auxiliary forces ; 1. The
Disembodied Militia, who are bound to five years service within the United Kingdom when
called in. They must, in time of peace, be called in annually, for the purpose of exercise, no
less than 21 and no more than 56 days. Their equipment is the same as that of the standing
army. It consisted, for the year 1868-69, of 135 battalions of infantry, 29 battalions of artillery,
3,507 officers, 5,4(54 under officers, and 120,000 men ; total, 128,971 men. Amount provided for
the militia, £986,000. 2. The Yeomanry Cavalry, 46 regiments, 1,254 officers, 14,651 men ; annual
time of exercise, 8 days ; amount provided for them, £88,000. 3. The Volunteers. The number
is not officially declared in the budget ; according to the statements of the officers, they num
bered: cavalry, 1,318; artillery, 23,363; engineers, 2,904; riflemen, 135,000; total, 162,585;
amount provided for volunteers, £385,100. 4. Pensioners, and 5. Army Reserves. For these two
classes £64,600 were provided.
Navy. The navy is governed by a Board of Admiralty, at the head of which is a Cabinet
Minister, who is called First Lord, with a salary of £4,500 per annum. Associated with him
574
THE AMERICAN YEAK-BOOK AND REGISTER.
are fonr other members called Lords by courtesy, three with salaries of £1,000 per annum, and
one with £1,200. The first secretary has £2,000 and the second secretary £1,500 per annum.
Under the board are five great departments : Controller of the navy, Accountant General, Store
keeper General, Controller of Victualling, and Director General of the Medical Department.
The total establishment, in 18(37, consisted of 451 persons. The number of seamen belonging
to the navy in the year 1867-68 was as follows :
FOR THE FLEET. FOR THE COAST GUARD.
Seamen 37,015 Afloat, Seamen 2,950
Boys including 3,100 for training.. 7,418 " Boys... 450
- 44,433
Marines afloat 8,000 3,400
u on shore 8,400 10,400 On shore, officers and men. . . . . .4,300
Total (50,833 Total
The actual strength of the navy, on the 1st of February 1867, was as follows :
STEAM
Effective eai
Afloat.
Build'g.
Total.
afloat.
Armor plated ships, iron, 3d rate, screw.
9
1
10
" 4th rate, '
2
0
" wood, 3d rate, '
7
7
4th rate, '
1
cupola ships, 4th rate, '
4
1
5
corvettes, wood, 6th rate '
sloops, wood, 6th rate. '
2
2
2
o
gun-boats, iron, '
2
1
3
floating batteries, iron, '
3
wood, '
1
1
Ships of the line, screw
2
Frigates, "
38
33
paddle
5
'
Block ships, screw. . .
o
2
Corvettes, "
04
24
Sloops, "
34
3
•
paddle
10
10
Small vessels, "
10
10
Despatch vessels " . ...
4
Gun vessels, screw
32
o
Gun-boats, "
95
2
97
Tenders and tugs, "
5
" " " paddle
39
2
41
Mortar ships, screw.
2
Troop and store-ships, screw . .
14
14
" " " paddle. . .
Transport for India reliefs, screw
5
i
Yachts, screw
\
-,
" paddle
5
5
Mortar vessels and floats
29
Total screw
341
21
86°
Total paddle
73
1
74
Total
414
22
436
38
Commerce. The value of the imports and exports into and from the United Kingdom for
the years 1864, 1865, and 1866, was as follows :
1865. 1S66. 1867.
Imports .£271,072,285 £295,204,553 £275,249,853
™ f ( British produce £165,&35,725 £188,837,785. . . . . .£181,183 971
Exports. { Foreign and Colonial 52,995,851 49,979.115 44,873,165
Total exports £218,831,576 £238,806,900 £-226,057,136
Total of imports and exports. . .£489,903,861 £534,011,453 £501,306,989
The following table exhibits the division of imports and exports, in 1866, between the
several countries :
isca.]
FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE.
575
IMPORTS INTO THE
British Possessions £72,200,838
United States 46,852,284
France 37,010,576
Russia 19,036.129
Germany 18,591,954
E-rypt 15,308,824
Netherlands 11,709,020
China 10,771,566
Belgium 7,906,849
Brazil 7,237,793
Sweden and Norway 5,013,515
Spain 5,553,132
Turkey 5,304,500
Italy.. 3,8:30,744
Peru 3,016,907
Cuba and Porto Rico 2,900,393
Chili 2.943,112
Portugal 2,517,828
Denmark 2,291,908
New Granada 1.542,064
Uruguay 1,540,250
Western Africa 1,422,937
Austria 1,309,831
Philippine Islands 1,196,557
UNITED KINGDOM.
Argentine Republic £1,061,518
Greece 879,598
Central America 560,443
Rumania 441,928
Azores and Madeira 400,601
Canary Islands 393,639
Morocco 360,082
Mexico 313,478
Japan 273,745
Hayti and San Domingo 248,173
Venezuela 202,036
Syria and Palestine 137,908
Ecuador 120,890
Danish West Indies 107,993
Algiers 48,405
French Possessions in India 45,255
Fernando Po 34,237
Java and Sumatra 8,152
Other countries 1,107,539
Total from foreign countries.. £222,997,715
Grand total of Imports £295,204,553
EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM.
British Possessions £53,702,001
United States 28.484,146
Germany 15,780,016
France 11 ,096,016
Netherlands 8,991,108
Turkey 8,090,563
E<rvpt 7,540,504
Brazil'.'/. 7,223,794
Italy 5,821,530
China 5,106,102
Russia 8,093,231
New Granada 2,947,576
Belgium 2,871,386
Argentine Republic 2,844,306
Spain 2,336,508
Cuba 2,236,903
Portugal 2,404,310
Chili 1,852,436
Java and Sumatra 1,723,059
Japan 1,447,070
Hayti and San Domingo 1,425,404
Uruguay 1.402,174
Peru 1,354,697
Mexico 1,282,098
Denmark 1,199,706
Philippine Islands 918,250
In 1867, the total value of exports was £226,057.136.
Austria £911,267
Norway 855,268
Greece 851,873
Sweden 827,794
Western Africa 001,308
Venezuela 410,300
Morocco 191,076
Central America 154,409
Islands in the Pacific 138,426
Tunis 71,887
Eastern Africa 53,054
Ecuador 43,813
Cape Verde Islands 34,104
Persia 27,651
Algiers 15,030
Papal ports on the Mediterranean 14,853
Madagascar 14,355
Bolivia 12,907
Siam 4,088
Arabia 2,772
Cochin China 940
Total to foreign countries £135,125,124
Grand total of Exports of
British Produce £188,827,785
Of this amount, about four-fifths, or
£181,183,971 consisted of British produce, against £146,002,342 jn 1803, showing an increase of
£34,359,581 in five years. The value of exports of British produce to each foreign country in
each of the years 1863 and 1867 respectively, was as follows : Russia, £2,695,276 and £3,944,035 ;
Sweden, £606,987 and £647,318 ; Norway, £556,979 and £848,843 ; Denmark and Danish posses
sions, £1,591,203 and £1,862.668; Prussia, £1,917,345 and £2,879,380 ; Schleswig-Holstein and
Lauenberg, £124,217 and £119,265 ; Hanover, £568,337 and £193,842 ; Mecklenburg Schwerin,
£72,429 and £84,497 ; Oldenburg and Kniphauscn, £54,838 and £36,418 ; Hanse Towns, £10,800,092
and £17,229,251 ; Holland and Dutch possessions, £7,087,095 and £10,913,883 ; Belgium, £2,107,332
and £2,816.481 ; France, £8,673,309 and £12,121.010; French possessions, £31,850 and £63,300;
Portugal proper, £2,225,777 and £1,823,382; Portugese possessions, £211,130 and £223,578;
Spain, £3,508.550 and £2,237,902; Spanish possessions, including Cuba and Porto Rico, £2,840,832
and £3,590,069 ; Italy, £0,038,305 and £4,805,552 ; Papal territory, £20.808 and £15,801 ; Austrian
territories, viz :— Illyria, Croatia, and Dalmatia, £864,736 and £903,952; Greece, £341,991 and
£514,686 ; Ionian Islands (1864), £310.08-1 and £434.438 ; Turkey, £5,471,924 and £5,429,096 ; Turk
ish possessions, £1,427,038 and £1,028,767; Egypt, £4,406,295 and £8,198,111; Tunis, £4,924 and
£67.204; Morocco, £174.551 and £189,307; Western Coast of Africa, £590,111 and £794,073;
Eastern Coast of Africa, £15,289 and £33,930; Madagascar, £13,085, and £585; Muscat, Arabia,
£1,189 and £0,638; Persia (1864), £530 and £14,069; Siam, £11,984 and £4,244; Cochin China,
576 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
£36,597 and £612 ; China, £2.416,705 and £4,993,469 ; Japan, £108,897 and £1,545,386 ; Islands in
the Pacific, £141,119 and £19,888; Hay ti and St. Domingo, £528,614 and £291,623; United States
of America, £15,344,392 and £21,825,703; Mexico, £1,678,572 and £812,948; Central America,
£140,609 and £243,560; New Granada, £1,558,188 and £2,390,931; Venezuela, £402,261 and
£260,136; Ecuador, £9,864 and £44,072; Peru, £1,027,343 and £1,422,112 ; Bolivia (1864), £3,510
and £3,852; Chili, £1,431,814 and £2,524,438; Brazil, £3,964,261 and £5,694,577; Uruguay,
£534,937 and £2,452,508; Argentine Confederation, £1,330,959 and £2,837,124. The value of ex
ports, the produce of the United Kingdom, to the British possessions in 1867, was £19,799,610,
against £50,879,270 in 1863. The value of these exports to each of the colonies, in each of the
years 1863 and 1867 respectively, was as follows : Channel Islands, £867,776 and £469,523 ; Gib
raltar, £1,267,900 and £723,318; Malta and Gozo, £622,608 and £498,796; possessions on the
river Gambia, £69,037 and £75,700; Sierra Leone, £178,726 and £225,655; Gold Coast, £80,849
and £328,702; Ascension, £7,066 and £5,710; St. Helena, £33,544 and £36,936; Cape of Good
Hope, £1,241,946 and £1,701,441 ; Natal, £281,339 and £191,570 ; Mauritius, £511,813 and £377,450;
Aden, £45,017 and £79,127 ; India, exclusive of transit through Egypt, £20,002,241 and £21,805,127 ;
Straits Settlements, £1,486,774 and £2,068,910; Ceylon, £1,075,927 and £771,879; Ilong-kong,
£1,473,222 and £2,471,809; Australian colonies, £12,498,534 and £9,613,739; British North Am
erican colonies, £4,813,482 and £5,862,402 ; Bermuda, £607,443 and 43,479 ; British West India
Islands, £2,623,847 and £1,666,697; British Guiana, £512,391 and 625,943; British Honduras.
£161,367 and £148,016 ; Falkland Islands, £11,303 and £7,611.
The Merchant Navy. The movement of shipping in the years 1864 to 1866, was as
follows :
British Vessels— Tonnage. Foreign Vessels— Tonnage. Total Tonnage.
18«1 j Entered 9,028,100 4,486,911 13.515,011
:> I Cleared 9,173,575 4,515,923 13,689,498
Total 18,201,675 9,002,834 27,201,509
ic,,.,. j Entered 9,023.432 4,694,454 14,317,886
'• j Cleared 9,735,523 4,843,683 14,579,206
Total 19,358,955 9,538,137 28,897,092
1RRr j Entered 10,692,102 4,920,068 15,612.170
'• | Cleared 10,563,624 5,086,656 ,15,650,280
Total 21,255,726 10,006,724 31,262,450
The merchant navy was composed, at the close of the years 1865 and 1866, as follows :
1. UNITED KINGDOM. 1865. 1866. 1867.
Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels. Tonnage.
Sailing Vessels 26,069. . .4,936,776 26,140. . .4,903,652 25,842. . .4,852,911
Steamers 2,718... 823,533 2,831... 875,685 2,931... 901,062
Total 28,787 . . . 5,760,309 28,971 . . . 5,779,337 28,773 . . . 5,753,973
2. COLONIES AND EAST INDIES.
Sailing Vessels and Steamers. 12,718. . .1,583,941 12,477. . .1,562,295 12,560. . .1,561,985
Total 41,505. . .7,344,250 41,448. . .7,341,632 41,333. . .7,315,958
The merchant navy, at the close of 1867, had 346,606 and at the close of 1866, 348,214 sailors.
7. GREECE.
Capital, Athens. Area, 19,353 square miles. Population, 1,348,522.
History. Beginning of the war of independence against the Turkish rule, 1821 ; Greece
recognized as an independent Kingdom under the protectorate of France, England and Russia,
1830 ; Prince Otto of Bavaria elected first king, 1832 ; flight of king Otto, 1862 ; election of king
George I., 1863; annexation of the Ionian Islands, 1864.
The average density of population is 66 per square mile, or considerably less than that of
European Turkey. The nationality of the inhabitants is very mixed. The Albanian race, num
bering about a quarter of a million, furnish to the Greek soil the greatest number of cultivators,
and to the maritime population of Greece its most enterprising element. Only one-seventh of the
area is under cultivation ; the rest, though in greater part good for agricultural purposes, lies
waste. The ground is chiefly in the hands of n few proprietors. The chief city, Athens, has
41,298 inhabitants.
Reigning- Sovereign and Family. GEORGE I., King of the Hellenes, born Dec. 24,
1845, son of Prince Christian of Schleswig-IIolstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg, present King of
FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 577
Denmark ; elected King of the Hellenes by the National Assembly at Athens, March 18, 1863 ;
man-led, Oct. 27, 1867, to Olga, born Aug. 22, 1851, the eldest daughter of Grand Duke Constan-
tine of Russia, brother of the Emperor Alexander II. Children: 1. Prince Constantine, born
Aug. 2, 1868.
Government. The constitution vests the whole legislative power in a single Chamber of
representatives, elected by universal suffrage. The executive is vested in the King and his re
sponsible ministers, assisted by a Council of State. The latter consists of 15 to 25 members,
named by the Crown at the recommendation of the ministers, and holding office for 10 years.
The Ministry. (Appointed 1868.) Minister of Home Affairs and President of the Council,
BULGARIS ; Minister of Foreign Affairs, DELYANNI; Minister of Finance^ SIMOS ; Minuter of Pub
lic Worship, MAVROMICHALIS ; Minister of War, SPIRO MILIO ; Minister of Justice, BAP.TOGLIS ;
Minister of Marine, CANARIS. The number of government officials is exceedingly large.
Education. .The public schools are divided into four classes — the Communal Schools, the
ancient Greek Schools, the Gymnasium and the University.
Finances. The finances are at present in a most disordered state. The budget for 1867
states for revenue 32,472,335 drachmas (28 drachmas =£1), and for expenditure 28,160,000. But
the actual expenditure is believed to have been nmch larger than that given in the budget esti
mates, and there have been few financial terms without a deficit. The deficit of the budget for
1866 is calculated to be 4 to 5 million drachmas. The public debt is variously stated ; the official
report of 1S66 settles it at 233, 000,000 drachmas.
Army and Navy. The army consisted, in 1866, of 11,460 men ; the navy of a frigate -of
50 guns. 2 corvettes of 26 and 22 guns, 1 paddle steamer with 6 guns, 6 screw steamers hav
ing in all 10 guns, and of 26 smaller vessels and gunboats. The navy is manned by conscription
and volunteering from the inhabitants of the- sea-coast.
Commerce. The value of imports amounted, in 1864, to 62,000,000 drachmas, the exports to
31,000,000. The most important commercial relations are those with Great Britain, France and
Turkey. The commercial navy numbered, in 1864, 4,528 ships of 280,342 tons, and a crew of
24,949 men. There is, as yet, no railroad in Greece.
8. ITALY.
Capital, Florence. Area, 109,837 square miles. Population, 24,368,787.
History. In 1416. the Counts of Savoy adopted the title of Duke ; in 1418, they acquired
the principality of Piedmont. At the peace of Utrecht, in 1713, they obtained the island of
Sicily, with the title of King. Sicily was exchanged, in 1720, for the isle of Sardinia. Genoa
and the surrounding territory were added to the Sardinian Crown at the peace of 1815. By the
treaty of Villa Franca, and the peace at Zurich, 1859, the king, Victor Emanuel II. obtained
Western Lombardy. part of the Papal States, and the Duchies of Parma and Modena, while the
remaining districts of Lombardy with Venetia were added to his dominion by the Peace of
Prague, in 1866. In 1863, the kingdom was divided into 59 provinces, and the seat of govern
ment was transferred to Florence, in 1865.
Population. The population is most crowded in Lombardy and the Island of Sicily ; the
least numerous in the Island of Sardinia. Lombardy and Sicily are the provinces in which the
population has increased most rapidly. Sardinia and the Neapolitan provinces are next in or
der ; the increase has been much slower in Piedmont. In 1865, there were 205,651 marriages,
865.387 births, and 672.897 deaths. It is calculated that only two-thirds of the area capable of
production, is cultivated, and that the rest lies waste. The great mass of the people are devoted
to agricultural pursuits. The number of inhabitants of the principal cities was, in 1864, as
follows :
Naples 447,065 Catania... . 68.810
Turin 204,915 Ferrara 67,988
Milan 196,109 Lucca ft5,435
Palermo 194,463 Verona 59,169
Genoa (1861) 127,986 Ravenna 57,303
Venice 122,942 Alessandria. . . 56,545
Florence 114,363 Modena 55,512
Boloirna 109,395 Padua 53,584
Messina 103,324 Pisa 51,05T
Leghorn 96,471 Reggio 50,371
The number of persons having incomes derived from real property is estimated to be
4,861,000, of which 1,000,000 are in the Sardinian States, and 1,400,000 in Naples. The amount
of such incomes is £40,400,000 sterling, of which £7,750,000 belong to the Sardinian States,
37
578 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
£6,000,000 to Lombardy, and £12,000,000 to Naples. The increase of wealth in most of the Ital
ian States has been much more rapid within the last century than the increase of population.
Reigning1 Sovereign and. Family. VICTOR EJVIANUEL II., King of Italy, boru March 14,
1820, son of King Charles Albert of Sardinia and Archduchess Theresia of Austria, succeeded to
the throne of Sardinia, March 23, 1849 ; proclaimed King of Italy by vote of the Italian Parliament,
March 17, 1861 ; married April 12, 1842, to Archduchess Adelaide of Austria. Children: 1. Prin
cess Clotilde, born March 2, 1843; married Jan. 30, 1859, to Prince Napoleon, cousin of the Em
peror of the French. 2. Prince Humbert, heir-apparent, born March 14, 1844; married April 22,
1868, to Princess Margaret of Savoy, born Nov. 20, 1851, daughter of the late Duke of Genoa.
3. Prince Amadeus, born May 30, 1845, married May 30, 1867, to Maria, daughter of Prince
Charles Emanuel dal Pozzo della Cisterna, born Aug. 9, 1847. 4. Princess Pia, born Oct. 16,
1847, married Oct. 6, 1862 to King Louis I. of Portugal.
Government. The executive power belongs exclusively to the Sovereign, and is exercised
by him through responsible ministers. The legislative power is vested in the King and Par
liament. The latter consists of two Chambers. The Senate is composed of the royal princes,
and of a number of members nominated by the King for life ; the number of senators in 1867,
was 283. The deputies of the lower House are elected by a majority of all citizens who are 21
years of age, and pay taxes to the amount of 40 lire =40 francs. The duration of Parliament
is 5 years. Each of the Chambers has the right of introducing new bills, but all money bills
must originate in the House of Deputies. The House numbered in 1807, 493 members.
The Ministry. Minister of Foreign Affairs and President of the Council, Gen. MENABREA,
appointed 186T; Minister of the Interior, CADORNA, appointed 1868; Minister of Justice and
Ecclesiastical Affairs, DE FILIPPO, appointed 1868; Minister of Finance, Count DIGNY; Minis
ter of War, Gen. BERTOLE VIALE ; Minister of Marine, Rear Admiral RIBOTTI, appointed 1868 ;
Minister of Public Instruction, Agriculture, and Commerce, E. BROGLIO ; Minister of Public
Worlcs, Count CANTELLI.
Education. Under the new Italian Government, a great part of the property confiscated
from the monastic establishments has been devoted to the cause of public education, for which
besides, an annual credit of £600,000 is voted by the Parliament. Thirty-three great model
schools have been opened ; notwithstanding the great efforts of the new Government, education
yet stands very low in the kingdom. According to the census of 1864, out of a total population
of 21,703,710, there were only 3,884,245 who could read and write. There are 13 universities in
Italy, including the Papal States— Bologna, Naples, Padua, Rome. Perugia, Pisa, Siena, Pavia,
Turin, Parma, Florence, Catania, Cagliari and Genoa.
Finances. The budget for 1867, including for the first time the newly annexed Venetian
provinces, showed an increased income, but still more increased expenditure. Revenue, 792,-
553,032 lire; expenditure, 1,014,409,071 lire; deficit, 221,856,039 lire (lire = franc). The actual
deficit of 1866 was, however, calculated to amount to no less than 800,000,000 lire, owing to the
immense war expenditure in 1866, and to paying indemnity for property in Venetia. The bud
get estimate for 1869, reports the following : Total revenue, 804,516,743 lire ; total expenditure,
1,004,262,253 lire ; presumed deficit, 199,745,510 lire. The national debt was as follows, March 1,
1867 : Consolidated Stock, 4,873,854,354 lire ; redeemable debt, 675,549,812 lire ; debt not yet
inscribed, 622,560,203 lire ; total, 6,171,963,369 lire. Debt in March 1868, 6,251,000 lire.
Army. A certain portion of all the young men of the age of 21 is levied annually for the
standing army, while the rest are entered in the army reserve. The army is divided into 6 army
corps. The total number on peace footing for 1869 is fixed at 183,431 men and officers ; on war
footing, 573,721 men and officers.
Fortresses : Alessandria, Casale, Genoa, Pizzighettone, Pavia, Verona, Mantua, Peschiera,
Legnago, Venice, Chioggia, Palmanova, Osopo, Ancona, Ferrara, Piacenza, Bologna, Reggio,
Gaeta, Capua, Pescara, Messina, Siracuse, Cagliari, Sassari.
Navy. The navy consisted, in 1868, of 22 ironclads, .35 screw steamers, 33 paddle wheel steam
ers, 9 sailing vessels ; total, 99 vessels, carrying a total armament of 1,022 guns. Of these, 75
vessels, with 991 guns, are fit for war. The navy was manned by 11,193 sailors and 660 working-
men, with 1 admiral, 5 vice admirals, 12 rear admirals, 36 captains of vessels. 28 captains of frig
ates first-class, 38 captains of frigates second class, 80 lieutenants first class, 145 lieutenants
second class, and 140 sub-lieutenants. There are, besides, 2 regiments of marine infantry, with
234 officers and 5,688 soldiers.
Commerce. The commercial intercourse of Italy is chiefly with France and Great Britain ;
the imports from France were in 1865, 294,000,000 francs, and from England, 203,000,000 ; the ex
ports to France amounted to 135,000,000. Next in order of importance are the commercial
transactions with Austria and Switzerland. Value of merchandise in 1865 : imports, 965,000,000
FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 579
francs ; exports, 558,000,000 ; of transit goods, 55,000,000 francs ; total, 1,578,000,000 francs. The
average produce of olive oil represents a value of 200,000,000 francs, of which 70,000,000 worth
is exported. The Neapolitan provinces produce 81,000,000, Sicily 39,000,000, Liguraand Piedmont
36,000,000, Tuscany, 20,000,000 francs in value. Italy imports mineral oils of a value of nearly 12,000,-
000 francs per annum, and exports about the same value in linseed, almond and other oils. The
commerce of Venice has for many years been on the decline. The commercial navy consisted,
at the end of 1866, of 16,210 sailing vessels of 717,364 tons burden, among which were 99 steamers
of 22,445 tons burden. The whole number of eeamen inscribed on the rolls was, in 1866,
155,747. In 1867 there were 3,675 kilometres (2,300 miles) of railroads. There were 372 news
papers published in the kingdom ; of these, 41 were published in Genoa, 42 in Florence, 44 in
Turin, 44 in Naples and 51 in Milan. There are 173 savings-banks, having 398,862 deposits.
9. LUXEMBURG.
Capital, Luxemburg. Area, 991 square miles. Population, 199,958.
History. This Grand Duchy belonged to the German Confederation, from its beginning
(1815) until its dissolution (1866). Its. capital, Luxemburg, was a federal fortress. The right of
garrisoning it belonged to Prussia, but it renounced it by the treaty of London. May 11, 1867,
while the Grand Duchy was declared neutral under the permanent sovereignty of the House
of Orange-Nassau.
Government. A Governor appointed by the King of the Netherlands administrates the
Grand Duchy. The constitution of 1848 was revised in 1856. According to the Law of Election
of 1857. a Diet of 31 deputies is chosen every 6 years. The mode of election is indirect. The
legislative power is jointly with the King, (Grand Duke) and the Diet.
Finances. The budget for 1868 is as follows : Revenue, 4,836,220 francs : expenditure,
4.959,977 francs ; deficit, 123,757 francs. The public debt was stated, in 1866, to be a little over
12,000,000 francs.
10. NETHERLANDS.
Capital, Hague. Area, 12,680 square miles. Population, 3,552,665.
History. In the 14th and 15th centuries the Netherlands formed part of the territory of the
Duke of Burgundy, with which, on the extinction of the Ducal House, they fell to the house of
Hapsburg at the close of the 15th century. After the death of Charles V., they were united with
Spain under Philip II. General insurrection against the Spanish rule, 1576 ; recognition of the
Dutch Republic, 1C09 ; the office of Governor was made hereditary in the family of Orange,
1747 ; conquest of the Netherlands by the French, and establishment of the Batavian Republic,
1805 ; establishment of the Kingdom of Holland under Louis Bonaparte, 1806 ; Holland united
with France, 1810 : Holland and Belgium united into the Kingdom of the Netherlands, 1815 ;
independence of Belgium, 1830.
The pure Dutch number about 2,500,000 ; the Friesians are dispersed, (500,000) through four prov
inces, while North Brabant is almost entirely inhabited by a Flemish population. The Netherlands
possess a comparatively larger town population than any other country in Europe. The chief
citie^are: Amsterdam, 264,498 inhabitants ; Rotterdam, 115,277 ; Hague, 87,801 ; Utrecht, 58,607.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. WILLIAM III., King of the Netherlands, born Feb.
19, 1817, son of King William II. and of Princess Anna Paulowna, daughter of Czar Paul I. of
Russia ; succeeded, at the death of his father, March 17, 1849 ; married June 18, 1839, to Sophie,
born June 17, 1818, daughter of King William I. of Wurtemberg. Children : 1. Prince William,
heir-apparent. ("Prince of Orange,1') born Sept. 4, 1840; 2. Prince Alexander, bom Aug. 25,
1851. The royal family — known as the House of Orange-Nassau — descended from a German Count
Wai ram in the llth century. The family acquired, in 1404, the little principality of Breda, and
thereby got a footing in the Netherlands. The alliance of Count William II. of Nassau, with a
daughter of King James II., transferred the Crown of Great Britain to the family. The dignity
of Governor of the Netherlands was formally declared to be hereditary in 1747, in William IV.
of this family. In consequence of a decree of the Congress of Vienna, William VI. was pro
claimed King of the Netherlands, under the title of William I. House of Orange-Nassau : William
I., 1815 : William II., 1840 ; William III., 1849.
Government. The whole legislative authority is vested in two Chambers, (" States— Gen
eral"). The upper House consists of 39 members, elected by the provincial Diets ; the second
Chamber numbers 72 members, elected by ballot. All native citizens paying taxes to the
580 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
amount of 120 guilders, are voters. All financial measures must originate in the second Cham
ber. The executive authority is in the hands of the Sovereign, and exercised by him through a
responsible Council of Ministers.
The Ministry. Minister of Foreign Affairs, ROEST VAN LIMBURG ; Minister of Justice,
VAN SILVER; Minister of the Interior, C. FOCK ; Minister of Finance, VAN BOSSE ; Minister of
Marine, BUOEX; Minister of War, VAN MULKEN; Minister of Colonies, DE WAAL.
Education. Education is well conducted, and very generally diffused. Besides the public
BChools, there are many higher establishments and Latin schools. Above them are the three
Universities of Leyden, Groningen, and Utrecht. The proportion of attendance in the public
schools is one in eight of the entire population. There are published annually over 1,800 prints,
150 newspapers, and GO other periodicals.
Finance. The revenue in 1807 amounted to 98,577,234 (Dutch) florins ; the expenditure to
102,220,158 florins. The public debt, in 1867, amounted to 969,450,913 florins, and the interest at
27,635,375 florins.
Army and Navy. The army of the Netherlands is formed partly by conscription and
partly by enlistment. The men drawn by conscription at the age of 20 serve, nominally, 5 years.
Besides the regular army there exists the militia. The European portion of the Dutch army con
sisted, in 1867,' of 61,318 men.
The Dutch Navy was composed, July 1, 1868, of 135 vessels, carrying 1,325 guns. The navy is
manned by 1 admiral, 2 "admiral-lieutenants," 2 vice admirals, 4 rear admirals, 20 captains, 42
commanders, 342 first and second lieutenants, 115 midshipmen, and 123 administrative officers.
The active strength of the crew amounted, Jan. 1, 1867, to 2,129 men. Both sailors and marines
are recruited by enlistment, conscription being allowed but not actually in force. The principal
fortresses are Herzogenbusch, Breda, and Grave.
Commerce. The total imports in 1866 amounted to 528,000,000 florins ; exports 436,000,000
florins. The commerce of the Netherlands has greatly increased within the last ten years. Dur
ing this time, the imports from Great Britain, Germany, and Russia have nearly doubled, while
the exports have risen, chiefly to Germany, Belgium, and Italy. The mercantile navy has been
decreasing of late years. It consisted, at the end of 1866, of 2,178 vessels, measuring 270,042
tons.
Colonies. The Colonial possessions of the Netherlands are divided into the following de
pendencies : East India, 20,074,155 inhabitants ; West Indies, 86,703 ; Coast of Guinea, 120,000 :
total population, 20,280,858. Slavery ceased in the WTest Indian colonies in 1860. The colonial
army consisted, at the end of 1864, of 27,617 men.
11. PAPAL STATES.
Capital, Rome. Area, 4,552 square miles. Population, 723,121.
History. The formation of the States of the Church, dates from the year 755. The territory
increased by various subsequent additions. In 1810 the whole of the Papal States were included
in the kingdom of Italy, but the Congress of Vienna restored a greater part of them. In 1859
the Romagna detached itself from the Papal rule, and in 1860 the Marches and Umbria followed.
Of the former 20 " legations " and "delegations," only 5 remain. The city of Rome had, in
1867, 215,573 inhabitants.
Reigning Sovereign. Pius IX., Sovereign Pontiff of Rome, born at Sinigaglia, May 13,
1792. son of Count Mastai Ferretti ; elected as successor of Gregory XVI., June 16, 1846 ;
crowned June 21, 1846. The election of a Pontiff is by scrutiny or a ballot. Pius IX. is the
258th Pope.
Government. In theory, the Sovereign Pontiff enacts all laws and nominates to all ap
pointments, but practically the legislative and executive power is left to a Cabinet. A Council
of Ministers conducts the foreign relations. The Council of State consists of 9 ordinary and
6 extraordinary members.
The Ministry. Minister of State and Foreign Affairs, Cardinal ANTONELLI, President, ap
pointed 1850: Minister of Finance, G. FERRARI, appointed 1854; Minister of the Interior, A.
NEGRONI, appointed 1868 ; Minister of War, Gen. H. KANZLER, appointed 1865 ; Minister of Com
merce and Public Works. Cardinal BERARDI, appointed 1868 ; Minister of Police, L. RANDI, (1865).
Finance. No official account of the revenue and expenditures of the Papal Government is
given to the public. According to the statement of Roman papers, the budget for 1867 is as fol
lows : Revenue, 36,000,000 francs ; expenditure, 65,000,000 francs ; deficit, 29,000,000 francs. The
sum total of the Pontificial debt is unknown ; its interest is stated to amount to 37,000,000 frcs:
1869.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 581
Army. The army is entirely formed by enlistment, taking place in foreign countries as well
as within the Papal States. The troops numbered, in June 1868, 16,525 men.
Commerce. The international trade is extremely small, although facilitated by the excel
lent port of Civita Vecchia. There are no recent statements as to exports and imports. As to
the movement of ships, there entered and cleared, in 18(54, 5,916 vessels of a burthen of 891,723
tons, from and to France. The principal countries as to commercial intercourse with the Papal
States are France (and Algeria), Great Britain, Tuscany, Sardinia, Naples, Sicily, and Spain.
Cereals are the chief staple of trade. The produce of wool amounted, in 1867, to 831,000 kilo
grammes. There are four lines of railway of the length of 84 English miles.
12. PORTUGAL.
Capital, Lisbon. Area, 37,977 square miles. Population, 4,351,519.
History. Portugal, until the 12th century shared the fate of Spain. At the beginning of
the 12th century, Henry of Burgundy became, as Count of Portugal, the first independent ruler.
Alfonso I. declared king, 1139. Extinction of the House of Burgundy, 1480. Portugal united
with Spain, 1480—1640. First king of the*House of Braganza. 1640, which has ever since reigned,
except from 1807 to 1809, when the country was occupied by French troops.
Islands and Colonies. The population of the islands and colonies is as follows :
Islands:— Azores, 251,894; Madeira, 111,764; total, 363,658. Total population in Europe, 4,351,-
519. Colonies:— Cape Verde Islands, 84,191; Senegambia, 1,095; islands of St. Thomas and
Principe, 18,369; Angola and Benguela, 2,000,000; Mozambique, 300,000; India, (Goa), 474,185;
Damao, Diu, 52,882; Indian Archipelago, 850,300; China. (Macao), 100,000; total, 3,881,022.
Portugal has few large towns. The chief cities are Lisbon, 224,244 inhabitants ; Oporto, 89,321
inhabitants.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. Louis I. King of Portugal, born Oct. 31, 1838, son of
Queen Maria II. and of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg; succeeded Ms brother, King Pedro V
Nov. 11, 1861 ; married Oct. 6, 1862, to Pia, bom Oct. 16, 1847, youngest daughter of King Victor
Emanuel of Italy. Children : 1. Carlos, born Sept. 28, 1863. 2. Alfonso, bora 1865. Father
of the king: Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg. born 1805, married in 1836, Queen Maria II. of
Portugal; Regent of Portugal during the minority of his son, the late King Pedro V. (1853-1855).
Uncle of the King: Prince Miguel, born 1802: Regent of Portugal^ 1828 ; declared King June 30,
1828 ; abdicated May 29, 1831 : died 1866. The reigning- dynasty of Portugal belongs to the
House of Braganza, which dates from the commencement of the 15th century. The present king
is the second Sovereign of Portugal of the line of Braganza-Coburg.
Government. The fundamental law of the kingdom, granted by King Pedro IV. in 1826,
was altered in 1852. The crown is hereditary in the female as well as male line. The executive
and moderating authority reside in the sovereign and his responsible ministers. The General
Cortes consists of two Chambers. The Senators are unlimited in number, and named for life by
the Sovereign. The members of the House are chosen in direct election. Continental Portugal
is divided into 37 electoral districts, returning 154 deputies, to which Madeira and the Azores
add 25. The Executive consists of the following :
Council of Ministers. (1868.) The President, and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Marquis
SA DA BANBEIRA ; Minister of the Interior, Bishop ALVES MARTINS ; Minister of Justice and
Ecclesiastical Affairs, PEQUITO SEIXAS D'ANDRADE ; Minister of Finance, BENTO DA SILVA ;
Minister of Marine and Colonies, LATINO COELHO; Minister of Commerce and Public Works.
LOPEZ CALHEIROS E MENEZES : Minister of War, Viscount DE SAO THIAGO.
Education. It is compulsory by the law, on parents, to send their children to school, but
this is far from being enforced. In 1862, there was one scholar to every 36 inhabitants. There
is only one university in the kingdom, that of Coimbra (founded in 1290) ; there are 182 lyceums
with an average of 3,000 scholars.
Finances. The revenue has increased but little during the last 30 years. There has been
no budget in the same period without a deficit. The budget for 1867—1868 is as follows : Rev
enue. 16,884,419 milreis (milreis=54£ d.) ; expenditure, 22,695,979 milreis. The budget for the
colonies wa* fixed for 1867. as follows : Revenue, 1,275,000,000 milreis ; expenditure, 1,4.35.000.000
milreis ; deficit, 160,000,000 milreis. The public debt amounted, in 1867, to 218,000,000 milreis.
Army. The army of the kingdom consists of the following troops: Infantry, 15,099 ; cav
alry, 2,539; artillery, 1,495. To these troops must be added municipal guards, veterans etc.
The total strength amounts to 24,848 men. The troops in the colonies number 9,453 men in first
line, and 21,411 men in second line.
582 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Navy. The navy consisted in 1868, of 31 ships with 305 guns, and was manned by 3,180
sailors and marines.
Commerce. The total value of imports was, in 1866, 26,000,000, the exports, 22,000,000
milreis.
13. RUSSIA.
Capital, St. Petersburg. Area, 7,862,568 square miles. Population, 77,008,448.
History. Rurik, Prince of the Russians, arrived at Novgorod and laid the foundation of the
Russian Empire, 861. Extinction of the House of Rurik, 1598. Accession of the House of
Roinanof to the throne, 1613.
Area and Population. The Russian Empire comprises one-seventh of the territorial
part of the globe, and about one-twenty-sixth part of its entire surface. Total area — 7,862,-
568 square miles, — European Russia embraces 2,050,313 square miles. The population of the
Russian Empire is divided as follows: European Russia, 61,325,923; Government of Caucasus,
4,157,9lf; Siberia, 4,625,699 ; Kingdom of Poland, 5,100,000 ; Grand Duchy of Finland, 1,798,909;
total, 77,008,448 inhabitants. The chief cities of the Russian Empire are: St. Petersburg,
539,122 inhabitants ; Moscow, 351,609 ; Warsaw, 243,512 ; Odessa, 118,970 ; Riga, 102,043; Kisch-
inef, 94,124; Saratof, 84,391; Wilna, 69,464; Kief, 68,424; Nikolajef, 64,561; Kasan, 63,085;
Tula, 56,739 ; Berdischef, 53,169 ; Kharkof, 52,016 inhabitants. More than a hundred tribes,
speaking as many different languages, are comprised within the circuit of the Russian Empire,
but nearly all these live on the frontiers of the country. The interior is inhabited by a homoge
neous race, the Russians. Serfdom was abolished in 1863, within the whole of Russia. The
following statement shows the respective number belonging to the different nationalities :
Nativity. Inhabitants. Nativity. Inhabitant*.
Russians 53,470,000 Circassians 800.000
Poles 4,860,000 Rumanians 780,000
Tartars 4,780,000 Armenians 540,000
Pins 4,630,000 Mongols 500,000
Lithuanians. . . 2,420,000 Swedes 150,000
Jews 2,290,000 Greeks 50,000
Germans 830,000 Bulgarians 41,000
Georgians 800,000 Servians 30,000
Total .77,000,000
Reigning Sovereign and Family. ALEXANDER II., Emperor of Russia, born April 17,
1818, son of Emperor Nicholas I. and of Princess Charlotte of Russia ; succeeded his father,
Feb. 18, 1855 ; married April 16, 1841, to Maria, born Aug. 8, 1824, daughter of Grand Duke Lud-
wig II. of Hesse-Darmstadt. Children : 1. Grand Duke Alexander, heir-apparent, born Feb 26,
1845; married Nov. 9, 1866, to Maria Dagmar, daughter of King Christian IX. of Denmark;
son, Nicholas, born May 18, 1868 ; 2. Grand Duke Vladimir, born April 10, 1847 ; 3. Grand Duke
Alexis, born Jan. 2, ia50: 4. Grand Duchess Maria, born Oct. 5, 1853; 5. Grand Duke Sergius,
born April, 1857 ; 6. Grand Duke Paul, born Sept. 21, 1860. Sister of the Emperor, Grand
Duchess Olga, born Aug. 30, 1822, married to Prince Charles, (now king) of Wurtemberg.
The reigning family of Russia descended in the female line, from Michael Romanof, elected Czar
in 1613, and in the male line from the Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, born in 1701.
The emperor is in possession de jure and de facto of the whole revenue of the Crown domains.
The following have been the Emperors of Russia, since the beginning of the German House of
Holstein-Gottorp : Peter III. 1762, Catherine II. 1762, Paul, 1796, Alexander I. 1801, Nicholas,
1825. Alexander II. 1855.
Government. The Government of Russia is an absolute hereditary monarchy. The Em
peror's will alone is law. The administration of the empire is entrusted to four great councils
centering in the "Private Cabinet of the Emperor." The first is the " Council of the Empire,"
consisting of a President— Grand Duke Constantine— and an unlimited number of members
appointed by the Emperor. It superintends the action of the general administration,
watches over the due execution of the laws, and proposes alterations of the same. The second
council is the " Senate," whose functions are partly of a deliberative, and partly of an execur
tive character. The senators are mostly persons of high rank or station. The third council is
the "Holy Synod," composed of the principal dignitaries of the church, and presided over by
the metropolite of Novgorod. The fourth council is that of Ministers.
Council of Ministers. Minister of the Imperial House, Gen . Count ADLERBERG, 1857 ; Min
ister of Foreign Affairs, Prince GORTSCHAKOFP, 1856 ; Minister of War, Gen. MILLUTIN, 1862 ;
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 583
Minister of the Navy, Rear Admiral KBABBE ; Minister of the Interior, Gen. TIMACHOW II. ;
Minister of Public Instruction, Count TOLSTOI ; Minister of Finance, V. REUTERN ; Minister of
Justice, Count YON PAHLEN ; Minister of t/ie Imperial Domains, Gen. ZELENOI ; Minister of Pub
lic Works, Gen. MIELNIKOFF ; General Post Office, (vacant) ; Department of General Control, A.
TATARINOFF. The empire is divided into 14 general governments, 50 governments, and over
320 districts.
Education. The education of the people is still deficient, though it has made much pro
gress within the last half of a century. The empire is divided into educational districts,
each of which has a university, with a certain number of lyceums. The proportion of school-
attending children to inhabitants is stated to be as 1 to 140. The number of schools was, in
1865, about 33,000, with nearly a million of scholars. The universities are Moscow, Kharkof,
St. Petersburg. Kief, Dorpat, Kasan and Odessa. There were, in 1865, 328 periodical papers,
of which 143 were published in St. Petersburg.
Finances. According to the official statement, the estimated budget for 1867, revenue and
expenditure, including Poland, is as follows, expressed in roubles :
ORDINARY REVENUE.
Direct Taxes 51,595,422
Indirect Taxes 171,394,902
Other sources 117,340,395
Total '. 340,330,719
Extraordinary Revenue 56,757,635
Total Revenue 397,088,354
ORDINARY EXPENDITURE.
Public Debt 73,846,155 Ministry of Interior 15,717,497
Expenses of Interior State Dept. 1,691,298 " " Public Instruction 7,255,815
Clergy 6,774,353 " " Public Works 22,403,032
Imperial household 8,191,742 Post Office and Telegraphs. . . 14,263,797
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. . . . 2,219,254 Ministry of Justice 8,315,684
" War 123,450,334 Imperial studs 568,084
" "Marine 16,643,115 Civil administration of Poland 20,119,010
" "Finance 65,530,904 " Trans. Caucasus 4,890,550
44 " Domains 6,973,274
Total 398,298,830
Extraordinary Expenditure 45,551,341
Total Expenditure 443,850,171
For the financial year 1808, the revenue was estimated at 413,000,000 roubles ; the expenditures
at 425,000,000 roubles. According to an official report, the public debt amounted, Jan. 1, 1866, to
1,733,966,974 roubles ; in 1867, to 1,809,942,693 roubles. The issue of paper money increases, the
note circulation having more than doubled in ten years. The interest on the Public Debt in
creased from 64,000,000 in 1865 to 69,000,000 in 1866, and to 74,000,000 in 1867. The deficits
amounted in 1865 to 22,000,000, in 1866 to 42,000,000, in 1867 to 41,000,000, in 1868 (estimated) to
12,000,000 roubles.
Army. The land forces of Russia are formed of two classes of troops, the regular troops
and the feudal militia. The regular army is recruited principally by means of conscription,
partly by the adoption of sons of soldiers, and partly by voluntary enlistment. The period of
service is fixed at 22 years for the guard, and 25 years for the other troops ; but the soldiers are,
after 10 to 12 years service, entitled to an indefinite leave as reserve. According to the official
statement of the " Military Magazine," the strength of the army was as follows, in 1866 : Staff
and superior officers, 30,507 ; infantry, 626,004 ; cavalry, 68,673 ; artillery, 84,392 ; engineers, 19,-
082; total, 798,151 men and officers. The irregular troops are invariably distributed in regi
ments and sotnias (100 men). The entire male population is liable to service.
Navy. The Russian navy consists of two great divisions, the fleet of the Baltic, and that
of the Black Sea. The sailors are levied by recruitment; as many, however, as possible, are
enlisted voluntarily. The period of service is 14 years. According to an official report, the
navy consisted, in 1864, of: Sailing vessels — 1 corvette, 6 schooners. 3 tenders, 11 transports,
9 yachts, &c. ; total, 48 vessels with 73 guns. Steamers, (afloat and in construction) : 6 ships-
of-the-line, 15 frigates, 2 iron-clad frigates, 22 corvettes, 11 clippers, 3 iron-clad batteries, 12 iron
clad gunboats (monitors), 80 gunboats, 4 yachts, 24 schooners, 9 transports, 75 smaller steamers;
total, 263 steamers, with 2,095 guns ; add to these 14 iron-clad battery rafts with 18 guns. Total
of guns, 2,186, of horse-power, 37,244. In 1866, the iron-clad fleet consisted of 11 frigates, (124
guns. 43,2S7 tons) ; 14 monitors, (61 guns, 21,020 tons) ; total, 25 iron-clads afloat, with 185 guna.
There were, besides, 260 steamers and 59 sailing vessels, together with 1,993 guns.
584 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Commerce. The total value of the imports and exports for 1865 and 1866 was as follows : 1865,
imports, 209,000,000 roubles, exports, 164,000,000 roubles : 1866, imports, 189,000,000 roubles, ex-
ports,195,000,000 roubles. The chief trading ports are Petersburg and Riga, on the Baltic ; Arch
angel, on the White Sea; Odessa, on the Black Sea; Taganrog, on the Sea of Azof; and Astra-
chan and Baku, on the Caspian Sea. Moscow is the principal entrepot of the interior commerce
of the empire. The trade with China is mostly carried on through Kiachta, and the interior
commerce is kept up by means of Nijni Novgorod.
In 1865, there were among the ships entered, 2,288 British, 1,321 Russian, 1,588 North Ger
man, 950 Italian, 689 Dutch, 670 Swedish, 489 Turkish, 411 Austrian, 206 French, and 255 Danish
vessels. The commercial navy of Russia consisted in 1865, of 2,132 vessels, 84 of which were
steamers, with a burthen of 90,496 lasts. The commerce at sea transports about 72 per cent, of
the exports and 60 per cent, of the imports. The commercial intercourse of Russia is chiefly
with Prussia, Great Britain and France. Commerce with Asia ; exports in 1866, 22,000,000, im
ports, 25,000,000 roubles. The chief staple articles of export, were cereals and flour, 66,000,000
roubles ; flax and tow, 28,000,000 roubles ; hemp, 11,000,000 roubles ; oil seed, 16,000,000 roubles ;
wool, 17,000,000 roubles ; tallow, 13,000,000 roubles. Import; Drugs and .dyes, 11,000,000 rou
bles ; tea, 16,000,000 roubles ; raw cotton, 25,000,000 roubles. The Fair of Nijui Novgorod off
ered goods for sale, in 1865, to the value of 111,000,000 roubles. There were, in 1867, 17 rail
road lines in operation and 4 in course of construction.
The Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland are politically united with the Rus
sian Empire, but with separate administrations. Poland, however, is to be fully incorporated
with Russia proper.
FINLAND.
Government. This Grand Duchy, ceded to Russia in 1809, has preserved its ancient con-
Btitution, providing for a national parliament of four estates, the nobles, the clergy, the burgh
ers and the peasants. The right of legislation and of general taxation is nominally in the hands
of this Assembly, though in reality it is exercised by a Senate appointed by the Emperor. The
Governor-General of the Grand Duchy is Gcu. Count ADLEKBEEG.
Finance. The general budget for 1867 is : Revenue and expenditure, 14,330,521 mark eil-
ver (4 mark=l rouble).
Army. The troops number 3,499 men. The 763 pilots belonging to the navy are distributed
on 8 lighthouses and 93 stations.
Commerce. The commercial navy consisted, in 1867, of 446 sailing vessels of 77,942 lasts,
and 5,632 men in the ports. 65 vessels being steamers ; in the inland, there were 1,161 vessels,
of 51,823 lasts, and 3,845 men.
POLAND.
Population. Of the population amounting to over 5,000,000, about 4,000,000 are of Slavonic
origin, about 500,000 Jews, and 250,000 Germans. The great majority of the people are engaged
in agriculture.
Government. The Kingdom of Poland ceased to be an independent country in 1795. after
the third partition. The country was broken up between Austria, Russia and Prussia. Russian
Poland is now virtually a province of the Empire under the Governor-General, Gen. Count BERG.
Finances. The budget for 1866 has been estimated at 24,525,294 silver roubles. The state
debt amounted in the same year, to about 44,000,000 roubles.
14. SPAIN.
Capital, Madrid. Area, 195,607 square miles. Population, 16,302,625.
History. Establishment of the Kingdom of the Visigothi, in the 5th century ; invasion by
the Arabs, who after the battle at Xerez de la Frontera, 711, conquered nearly the whole of Spain.
The Christians, for a time confined to the mountains of Asturia and Gallicia, reconquered Leon
in the 10th, and Castile, Aragon, and Navarra, in the llth century. A number of independent
Kingdoms were established, among which Aragon and Castile were the most prominent. The
latter gradually absorbed all the others. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon (1479—1516),
with Isabella of Castile (1474 — 1504), and the overthrow of the last Mohammedan Kingdom in
Spain, and total expulsion of Mohammedans in 1492, brought about a union of all Spain under
Charles I. (as German Emperor Charles V.), the grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. Extinc-
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 585
tion of the House of Hapsburg, 1700 ; the House of Bourbon, 1700—1808 ; Joseph Bonaparte
King of Spain, 1808-13 ; restoration of the Bourbons, 1814 ; Ferdinand VII. in 1830, abolished
the Salic law which excluded females from the right of succession ; death of Ferdinand VII.,
1833 ; civil war between the adherents of Don Carlos, the late King's brother, and those of Queen
Isabella, the king's daughter, 1833—1840; banishment of the Queen Dowager Christina, 1840; Es-
partero, regent of Spain, 1841—1843; overthrow of Queen Isabella and the Bourbon dynasty,
September, 18(53; Marshal Serrano, head of the Provisional Government, November 1868.
Area and. Population. The kingdom, viz : The continent of Spain, the Balearic islands,
and the Canary islands, is divided into forty-nine provinces, subdivisions of the twelve ancient
provinces. Colonies — These are 1. American colonies (see America), 1,832,062 inhabitants ; 2.
Asiatic and Australian, 2,679,500 ; 3. African, 17,071. Total colonial population, 4,728,633.
The Spaniards are a mixture of Celts, Romans, Alani, Goths. Suevi, Vandals, Moors and
Arabs; the Moorish- Arab element preponderates especially in Andalusia. There are, besides
half a million of Basques, 60,000 Moriskos (descendants of the Moors), about 1,000 Germans in
the Sierra Morena, 45.000 Gipsies, and a small number of Jews.
The chief cities are the following: Madrid. 298,426 inhabitants; Barcelona, 189,948; Seville,
118,298; Valencia, 107,703: Malaga, 94,732; Murcia, 87,803; Cadiz, 71,521; Saragossa, 67,428,
Granada. 67,326 ; Palma, 53,019.
The density of population is about 83 per English square mile, or considerably less than half
that of Italy, and one-third less than that of the Netherlands.
Nearly 46 per cent of the whole surface of the kingdom is still uncultivated. The soil is sub
divided among a very large number of proprietors. In the country, the estates worth less
than $200 are 65 per cent., and the estates worth between $200 and $1,000 are 21 per cent, of the
land. In the cities the property worth less than $200 is 38 per cent., and that worth from $200
to $1,000 is 40 per cent. The titled nobility is very numerous.
Government. Isabella II., bom October 10. 1830, was Queen of Spain, 1833—1868. A revo
lution in 1868 abolished her rule. A provisional government at the head of which was Mar
shal Serrano held, at the close of the year 1868, control of the land. The constituent Cortes
were to meet in January, 1809, and decide on the future form of Government.
Education. Up to a very recent period, the great mass of the population was in a state of
extreme ignorance. Middle-class education is given in fifty-eight public colleges. There are ten
faculties of literature and philosophy, seven of sciences, four of pharmacy, seven of medicine,
and six of theology. The ten universities (Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Madrid, Salamanca,
Santiago, Sevilla, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza) had, in 1865, 9,704 students (4,194 in
Madrid).
Finances. The budget estimate for the financial year 1865—1866 (in escudos, of which
ten are equal to £1) was, expenditure, 274,733,237; revenue, 274,936,029. The estimates for
1866 — 1867 show a surplus, but there was in both years an actual deficit of eight million dol
lars. The budget for 1867—1868 fixes the total revenue at 257,000,000 escudos, the expenditure
at 264,000,000. thus making a deficit of 7,000,000 escudos. In almost all the budgets the expendi
ture was made to balance the revenue. The revenue of Spain has largely increased during the
last few years, and continues to progress. The national and church property was and is still of
immense value. The public debt amounted. November 30, 1806, to 20,412,134,058 reals (100
reals = £1), the floating debt, July 1, 1867, to about 172,000,000 reals.
Army and Navy. The army and navy, before the revolution of 1868, was formed by con-
Bcription, but substitutes were allowed. The term of sen-ice was eight years— five years in the
line and three years in the provincial militia. The nominal strength of the army in Europe, in
1866, was 236,301. There were eight captain-generals, 60 lieutenant-generals, 118 field-marshals,
271 brigadiers and a general staff.
The navy consisted, according to official returns in 1867, of the following vessels : 1st class—
6 iron-clad frigates (two afloat and four in construction), 161 guns ; 11 screw frigates, 461 guns ;
3 paddle steamers, 48 guns ; total. 20 steamers. 670 guns.
2d class— 1 screw steamer, 18 guns ; 11 paddle steamers, 61 guns ; 5 sailing vessels, 80 guns ;
1 pontoon ; total, 18 vessels (12 steamers), 159 guns.
3d class -26 screw steamers, 68 guns ; 10 paddle steamers, 18 guns ; 1 sailing vessel, 16 guns;
16 transports ; 1 pontoon; total, 54 ships, 102 guns.
Smaller vessels: 18 screw gunboats, 18 guns ; other vessels 8. 112guns; total, 118 men of war (99
steamers, 17 sailing vessels. 2 pontoons) with 1,071 guns. The navy was manned by 1 admiral,
5 vice-admirals, 15 rear-admirals, about 14,700 sailors, 8,000 marines, 4,539 arsenal guard.
Commerce. Value in reals of foreign trade, in 1863 : Imports, 1,898,000,000; exports, 1,219,-
000,000. The total of foreign trade, in 1864, was : Imports, 1,990,000,900 ; exports, 1,413,000,000.
586 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The mineral as well as the agricultural riches of Spain are very great ; but neither of these two
sources of national wealth are yet developed.
The whole of the Spanish railways belong to private companies, but nearly all have obtained
guarantees or subsidies from the government. There was, at the beginning of 1867 a length of
about 2,400 miles in operation.
Spain has a magnificent coast of 500 leagues on the Mediterranean and of 300 leagues on the
Atlantic.
Colonies. The colonial possessions of Spain, formerly embracing nearly the whole of Ameri
ca, are reduced at present to the following islands, with a small strip of territory in northern
Africa. In Africa, the islands of Fernando Po, Corisco, Mosquito?, Annabar, and the Territory
del Cabo de San Juan. In America, Porto Rico and adjacent islands, Cuba, and adjacent islands.
In Asia the Philippine islands. In Oceanica, Marianas and Caroline Islands. The most im
portant of the Spanish colonial possessions is the island of Cuba.
15. SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
Norway was ceded by Denmark to Sweden by the peace of Kiel, in 1814. The union of the
two kingdoms was concurred in by the Norwegian Parliament and legally confirmed in 1815.
The government of the two countries is kept separate ; the action of the monarch over both is
exercised through a Council of State, composed in equal numbers, of Swedes and Norwegians.
SWEDEN.
Capital, Stockholm. Area, 170,634 square miles. Population, 4,160,677.
History. Eric Edmundson, in the 9th century, is supposed to have been the first King of
all Sweden. The independence of Sweden was only lost for the short period from 1397 until
1434, when by virtue of the Kalmar Union it was united with Denmark. In 1523, the House of
Wasa ascended the throne and reigned until 1818, when it was succeeded by the House of
Bernadotte.
The political unity of Norway was completed by King Olav II., who subjected the chiefs of all
the independent tribes. In 1380. the country was united with Denmark, and this union lasted
until 1814. when it was united with Sweden.
Population. Sweden was one of the first countries in Europe in which a regular census
was taken, the first enumeration having been made in 1748. The population of Sweden amount
ed in 1866, according to the account published by the Statistical Department, to 4,160,677 inhab
itants, distributed among the provinces as follows : Gothland, 2,426,093 ; Sweden proper, 1,225.-
091; Norland and Lapland, 509,493. In 1867, the population was estimated at 4,195,681. The
chief city, Stockholm, had, in 1866, a population of 138,189. The Swedish colony, the Island of
St. Bartholomew (West India), had in July. 1866, 2,898 inhabitants on an area of 16 square miles.
Four-fifths of the inhabitants are devoted to agricultural pursuits, but only a very small frac
tion of the rural population are owners of the land which they cultivate. One-eighth of the
area of the kingdom belongs to the nobility.
Reigning1 Sovereign and Family. CHARLES XV. King of Sweden and Norway, born
May 3, 1826, son of King Oscar I. ; in consequence of the prolonged illness of his father, ap
pointed Prince Regent of Sweden and Norway, 1857 ; succeeded, July 8, 1859 ; married, June
19, 1850. to Louise, born Aug. 5, 1828. daughter of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, uncle
of the reigning King of the Netherlands. Daughter: Louise, born Oct. 31, 1851. The present
king is the third sovereign of the House of Bernadotte, and grandson of General Bernadotte,
Prince de Porte Corvo, who was elected heir-apparent of the crown of Sweden, by the Parlia
ment in 1810, and ascended the throne as Charles XIV. in 1818. The Congress of Vienna united
Norway to the Swedish Crown. Oscar I. succeeded in 1844.
Constitution and Government. The King has the right to declare war and make
peace ; he nominates to all appointments, concludes foreign treaties, and has a right to preside
in the Supreme Court of Justice : he has an absolute veto against any decrees of the Diet, and
possesses legislative power in matters of provincial administration. In all other respects the
fountain of law is in the Diet. It consists of two Chambers elected by the people. The First
Chamber consists of 119 members, who must possess an income of at least 4,000 rix dollars ;
they are elected for a term of 9 years, and receive no pay for their services. The Second Chamber
consists of 185 members, of whom 52 are elected by the towns and 133 by the rural districts. All
1809.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 537
natives of Sweden, possessing an annual income of 800 rix dollars, are electors. The election
is for the term of 3 years. The executive is in the hands of the King, who acts under the ad
vice of a Council of State, composed of 2 responsible ministers and 8 privy councillors.
The Ministry. Minister of State and Justice. Baron L. G. DE GEER, (1858); Minister of
Foreign Affairs, Count WACHTMEISTER, (1868.)
Education. Notwithstanding the poverty and dependent state of the bulk of the popula
tion, education is well advanced in Sweden.
Finances. The budget for 18G8 is estimated as follows : Revenue, 87,461,270 rix dollars ;
ordinary expenditure, 34,054,300 rix dollars ; extraordinary expenditure, 7,438,621 rix dollars ;
estimated deficit, 4,031,651 rix dollars. The public debt Dec. 31, 1865, was : Home debt, 8,832,-
800 rix dollars; Foreign debt (railway loans), 65,235,220 rix dollars: total, 74,068,020 rix dollars.
Army and Navy. The Swedish army is composed of 4 distinct classes of troops. They
are: 1. The enlisted troops, to which belong the royal life guards:; the hussars, and the greater
part of the artillery : term of service, usually 6 years. 2. The national militia, paid and kept by
the landowners, and to some extent, from the income of State domains. In time of peace, these
troops are not called up for more than a month's annual practice. 3. The militia of Gothland,
which is not compelled to serve beyond the limits of the island. 4. The conscription troops, to
which every Swede of 20 to 25 years is liable. The army of Sweden numbers altogether, 124,807
men. The coast of Sweden is protected by the fortresses at Marstrand, GOteborg, Carlscrona and
Stockholm. The Corps of " Volunteer Riflemen," organized in 1861. for the defense of the
country, numbers 42,000 men.
The navy consisted, Aug. 1, 1867, of 17 steamers and 5 ships-of-the-line, with an armament of
462 guns, besides 2 frigates, 5 corvettes, 5 brigs and 14 transports, 48 gun-sloops, 6 mortar-boats,
each 2 guns, and 90 gun-boats of 1 gun each. There were in course of construction, 1 screw corvette,
1 monitor, 1 iron-clad gun-sloop. The navy was manned by 34,578 men, of whom, however, more
than one-half were on furlough, or attached to the fleet of reserve.
Commerce. The total value of imports and exports was in 1865 : Imports, 106,000,000 rix
dollars : exports, 103,000,000 rix dollars. The most important countries in commercial inter
course with Sweden, are Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Lubeck, Denmark and Norway.
Industry. Mining is the most important department of Swedish industry, and the working
Of iron mines in particular is making constant progress by the introduction of new machinery.
It is only within recent years that Sweden has become a manufacturing country, but already the
home production has become of such importance as considerably to affect the supplies of the
eame articles received from other states, particularly from Germany. The value of the produc
tion of 2,600 forges and manufactories in 1865, was 76,000,000 rix dollars, the number of work-
ingmen, 32,000. There were, Dec. 1, 1866, 5 State railways, of 100 Swedish miles. The length
of telegraph lines was about 2,600 English miles.
NORWAY.
Capital, Christiania. Area, 120,295 square miles. Population, 1,701,478.
Norway is essentially an agricultural and pastoral country. The chief city, Christiania had, in
1865. 65,513 inhabitants. The inhabitants of towns numbered, at the census of 1S65, 272,531.
Government. The constitution of Norway, proclaimed in 1814, is one of the most demo
cratic in Europe. The whole legislative and part of the executive power is in the hands of the
sovereign people. The King has the nominal command of the land and sea forces, but cjfh make
few appointments. He possesses the right of veto over laws passed by the u Storthing,11 yet
only for a limited period. The Storthing holds annual sittings mo jure. Every Norwegian 25
years of age, who is a burgess of any town, or possesses property or the life-rent of land to the
value of 150 dollars is entitled to vote and, under the same conditions, if 30 years of age, to be
elected. The mode of election is indirect. The Storthing consists of two Houses. All new
bills and propositions must originate in the Lower House, from which they pass into the Upper,
to be either accepted, in which case they become law, or rejected. In the latter case, should
the Lower House demand it, the two Houses assemble in common sitting, and the final decision
is given by a majority of two-thirds of the voters. The Executive is formed by a Council of
State, composed of the Governor-general of Norway nominated by the King, and 7 Councillors
of State, the heads of as many departments.
Education. Instruction in the primary schools is very limited. There is one university at
Christiania.
Finances. The budget for the financial period 1866—1869 is estimated to be 5,023,000 specie
thalers (specie thaler = 4$ English shillings). Customs and excise produce nearly the whole in
come. The Norwegian public debt, in 1867, amounted to 5,000,000 sp. th.
588 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [I860.
Army and Navy. The troops are raised partly by conscription and partly by enlistment.
Every Norwegian is obliged to go through a military training. Most soldiers are sent home on
furlough at the expiration of one or two years. The strength of the army is 12,000 men in peace
and 18,000 in war.
The navy is manned by conscription. The number consists in peace of 2,000 men, in war
3,500. The naval force consists of 2 screw frigates, of 56 and 82 guns, 1 sailing frigate, 4 steam
corvettes, 1 sailing corvette, 1 brig, 5 towing steamers, 1 monitor, 4 'steam gunboats; altogether
of 1,880 horse-power, and 223 heavy and 16 light guns. In the session of 1866, the Storthing
resolved to raise the navy to 156 vessels of war, with 500 guns and 4,000 men.
Commerce. The value of imports was, in 1866, 26.000,000 specie thalers, that of exports,
17,000,000. The principal countries in commercial intercourse with Norway, are Great Britain,
Denmark, Sweden, Holland, France and Prussia. The chief articles of export are wood and
timber ; next in importance are the fisheries, which give employment and support to the bulk
of the population from the Naze to the Warangerfiord, at the entrance of the White Sea. The
commercial marine of Norway at the end of 1866, consisted of 5,750 vessels, of a collective ton
nage of about 400,000 corn, lasts (last = 2 tons), manned by 38,066 sailors. Considering its popu
lation, Norway has the largest commercial navy in the world.
16. SWITZERLAND.
Capital, Berne. Area, 15,722 square miles. Population, 2,510,494.
History. The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1308 by the three cantons Uri, Schwyz,
and Unterwalden. In 1353 it numbered eight cantons, and in 1513 it was composed of thirteen
cantons. This number increased till 1803, when the new confederation embraced 19 cantons ;
in 1815 it was increased to 22 cantons.
There are 485,000 heads of families in the country, of which number 465,000 possess landed
property. Of every 100 square miles, 20 are pasture, 17 forest, 11 arable, 20 meadow, 1 vineyard,
and 30 uncultivated or covered with water, rocks, and glaciers. The German element is ruling
in 16 out of twenty-two cantons ; among them, are the two leading cantons of the republic,
Zurich and Berne. The largest city, Geneva, had 41,415 inhabitants in 1860.
Government. The republic of Switzerland, formerly a league of semi-independent states,
became a united confederacy in 1848. The supreme legislative and executive authority is
vested in a Parliament of two chambers. The State Council is composed of 44 members— two
for each canton ; the Federal Council consists of 128 representatives, chosen in direct election,
at the rate of one deputy for every 20,000 inhabitants, the election taking place every three years.
Every citizen who has attained the age of 20 years is entitled to a vote; and any voter not. a
clergyman may be elected a deputy. Both Chambers united constitute the Federal Assembly,
and as such represent the supreme government of the republic. The chief executive authority
is deputed to a Federal Council of seven members, elected by the Federal Assembly for three
years. The president and vice-president of the Federal Council are the first magistrates of the
republic. The Federal tribunal, consisting of eleven members, elected for three years by the
Federal Assembly, renders the final decision in all matters of dispute between the various can
tons of the republic, as well as between the cantons and the federal government. The city of
Berne was in 1848, chosen as the seat of the Federal Council and the central administrative au
thorities of the republic.
Education. Education is very widely diffused in Switzerland, particularly in the cantons
of Argovia, Zurich, Berne, and Vaud. Parents are compelled to send their children to school.
There are normal schools in several of the cantons, and superior gymnasia in all the chief
towns. There are three universities (Basle, Berne, and Zurich), and a Federal Polytechnic
School at Zurich.
Finances. The public revenue is derived chiefly from customs. The budget estimates for
1868 are : Revenue, 20.173,000 francs ; expenditure, 19,809,000 francs ; surplus, 364,000 francs.
Army. The Constitution of 1848 forbids the maintenance of a standing army. To pro
vide for the defence of the country, every citizen has to bear arms, in the management of which
the children are instructed at school and pass through regular exercises and public reviews.
The troops are divided into three classes, namely: 1. The federal army, consisting of all men
from 20 to 34, or 3 per cent, of the population ; 2. The army of reserve for all men from 35 to 40,
or H per cent, of the population ; 3. The Landwehr (militia), from 41 to 44 years. The total
number of the various classes, in actual readiness to take the field, is given in the official re-
FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE.
589
turn at 204,005 men. The enlistment of citizens of the republic into foreign military service is
forbidden by the constitution of 1848, under the penalty of the loss of all civil rights.
Commerce. The chief exports consist of manufactured goods of various kinds and a small
quantity of agricultural produce. The value of imported merchandise, in 1866, amounted to
8,769,580 francs, that of exported merchandise to 1,192,097. The value of exported cattle was, in
the same year, 6,428,475 francs. The value of exports to the United States amounted, in 1865,
to 49,000,000 francs, and in 1866 to 59,000,000 francs.
Notwithstanding the difficulties of the surface, there were, at the end of 1866, about SOO miles
of railways in operation. The telegraph had, at the same time, a length of 3,559 kilometres.
There were despatched and received by the Post-office, in 1866, 39,000,000 letters and 28,000,000
newspapers. There were, in 1865, 446 mutual aid societies with 78,000 members. In April, 1866,
there were, 105,799 horses, 993,191 head of cattle, 304,428 swine, 447,001 sheep, and 375,482 goats.
17. TURKEY.
Capital, Constantinople. Area, 1,917,472 square miles. Population, 40,000,000.
History. The Turks began to establish an empire in Asia Minor at the beginning of the
14th century, which steadily grew at the expense of the Byzantine Empire. The fall of Con-
etantinople, 1453, made the Turkish Sultan ruler of the entire possessions of the Byzantian em
peror. In the beginning of the present century Greece was lost, (see Greece), and the princi
palities of Rumania, Servia, and Montenegro in Europe, and Egypt, in Africa, have since become
semi-independent. The island of Candia, in 1866, was against the Turks; but has thus far
failed to establish its independence.
Area and Population. The area and population of Turkey are known only by estimates,
since the enumerations of the people cannot lay claim to any amount of exactness. The total
area of the empire, including the tributary states, is as follows :
Divisions. Square Miles.
Turkey in Europe 200,932. .
Turkey in Asia 667,326. .
Turkey in Africa 1,049,214. .
Population.
..18,487,000
. .16,463,000
...5,050,000
Total... ...1,917,472.
.40,000,000
5,950,000..
75,000. .
30000
1,000,000..
36,000..
85.000..
1,000.000. .
1,008,000..
The various races of which the population of the Turkish empire is composed, are thus classi
fied by the latest authorities :
Races. In Europe. In Asia. In Africa. Total.
Mohammedans— Ottomans 4,492,000. . . .10,700.000
Arabs, &c .... 900,000 ... 5,050,000 .
Syrians, Chaldeans, &c 75,000.
Druses 30.000
Kurds .. 1,000,000.
Tartars 16,000.... 20,000.
Turkomans 85,000.
Albanians 1.000.000
Circassians 595,000... 413.000...
14.88
.18
.07
2.50
.09
.21
2.50
2.52
6,103,000 13,223,000
Christians— Syrian Chaldeans, &c . . 160,000 . ,
Albanians 500,000....
Slavi 6,200,000. ...
Rumanians 4,000.000
Armenians 400,000 2,000,000.
Greeks... ...1,000,000.... 1,000,000.
Jews ..........
Gipsies
12,100,000 3,160,000
. 70.000.... 80,000.
. 214,000....
5,050,000 24,376,000 60.95
.... 160,000 40
.... 500,000.... 1.25
.... 6,200,000.... 15.50
.... 4,000,000.... 10.00
.... 2,400.000.... 6.00
• .... 2,000,000.... 5.00
15,260,000 38.15
150,000 37
. 214,000 53
Total 18,487,000 16,463,000 5,050,000 40,000,000 100.00
Chief Cities. The chief cities of Turkey in Europe are : Constantinople, 1,075,000 inhabi
tants (in 1864) ; Adrianople, about 150,000 ; Saloniki, about 70,000 ; Serajevo and Gallipoli, about
50,000 each ; In Asia : Smyrna, 150,000 ; Damascus, 120,000 ; Bagdad 105,000 ; Aleppo, 100,000 ;
Broussa, 80,000 ; Erzerum, 70,000.
SCO
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1S69.
Reigning Sovereign and Family. ABDTTL-AZIZ, Sultan of Turkey, born February 9, 1830,
son of Sultan Mahmud II., succeeded his brother Abdul-Medjid, June 25, 1861. Children — 1. Yus-
suflzzeddin, born October 9, 1857; 2. Salihe, born August 10, 1862 ; 3. Mahmud Djcmil Eddin,
born November 20, 1862 ; 4. Mechmed Selim, born October 8, 1866. Nephew— Murad, heir pre
sumptive, born September 21, 1840. The present sovereign of Turkey is the thirty-second, in
male descent, of the house of Othman, the founder of the empire.
House of Othman— Othman I., 1299 ; Orchan, 1326 ; Amurath I., 1360 ; Bajazet I., (the "Thun
derbolt"'), 1389 ; Solyman I., 1402 ; Mohammed I., 1413 ; Amurath II., 1421 ; Mohammed II., (con
queror of Constantinople), 1451 ; Bajazet II., 1481 ; Selim I., 1512; Solyman II., (the "Magnifi
cent"), 1520; Selim II., 1566; Amurath III., 1574; Mohammed III., 1595; Ahmet I., 1603;
Mustapha I., 1617 ; Osman I., 1618 ; Amurath IV., (the "Intrepid"), 1623 ; Ibrahim, 1640 ; Moham
med IV., 1649; Solyman III., 1687; Ahmet II., 1691; Mustapha II., 1695 ; Ahmet III., 1703;
Mahmud I., 1730 : Osman II., 1754 ; Mustapha III., 1757 ; Abdul-Hamid, 1774 ; Selim III., 1788 ;
Mustapha IV., 1807 ; Mahmud, II., 1808 ; Abdul-Medjid, 1839 ; Abdul Aziz, 1861.
Government. The fundamental laws are based on the precepts of the Koran. The will of
the Sultan is absolute. According to a charter of liberties, granted by Abdul-Medjid, in 1856, full
liberty of worship is guaranteed to every religious profession.
The legislative and executive authority is exercised, under the supreme direction of the
Sultan, by two high dignitaries, the Grand Vizier, the head of the temporal government, and
the Sheik-ul-Islam, the head of the church.
The Dignitaries. The Grand Vizier, MEHMED EMIN ALI, appointed 1867; the Sheik-nl-
Islam, HASSAN, appointed 1868.
The Ministerial Council. Foreign Affairs, FUAD ; War, NAMIK ; Finance, SCHIRVANZADE
RUCHDI ; Marine, MAHMOUD ; Commerce, Agriculture and Public Works, DAUD (a Christian) ;
Public Instruction, SAFVET ; Justice, MUMTAZ ; Police, HUSSCIN ; Domains of the Church and of
Charitable Institutions, TEFVID.
The whole of the empire, except the dependencies in Africa, is divided into governments and
subdivided into provinces and districts. A general governor (Pasha), assisted by a council, is
placed at the head of each government. All subjects, however humble their origin, are eligible
to the highest offices in the state.
Education. Public schools have been long established in most of the large Turkish towns,
and colleges, with public libraries, are attached to the greater number of the principal mosques.
But the instruction is rather limited.
Finances. The revenue is chiefly derived from taxes of three denominations. 1. The poll
tax, a tax on the whole population, paid at a fixed rate for each house or family ; 2. the tithe,
a tax of 10 per cent, upon agricultural productions ; 3. the tax derived from the sale of customs,
stamps, the sale of animals, taxes on shops, bakeries, butcheries, mills, and from the rent of
crown-lands. The Turkish budgets show generally an annual deficit of five to fifteen million
dollars. The budget for the year 1865 and 1866 estimates the revenue at 3,177,880 purses (a purse
= 500 piasters or £4^-), and the expenditure at 3,236,931 purses. According to a report to Lord
Stanley, the public debt stood, at the commencement of 1867, as follows : Foreign debt, £34,-
596,820 ; home debt, £34,545,450 ; total, £69,142,270. The annual interest amounted to £3,670,-
238 ; sinking fund, £1,137,104 ; total, £4,807,342.
Army and Navy. The military force is raised by enlistment and conscription. Term of
service, five years in the active army, and seven years in the reserve.
The army consists of, 1. the active forces composed of six army corps, each numbering 16,416
men ; the imperial guard, 2.000 men ; the detached divisions of Greta, Tripoli and Tunis, about
21,200 men ; 2. the reserve, 100,496 men ; 3. the auxiliary of the tributary states, about 100,000
men ; 4. the irregular troops, 90,000 men, making a grand total of about 410,000 men.
The Turkish navy has been entirely reconstructed since 1858. The navy is manned by about
40,000 men. It consisted in 1866 and 1867 of the following vessels :
Ships. Guns. Ships. Guns.
Screw steamers 26 940 Transport arsenal service 15
Paddle steamers 21 202 " in construction 9 315
Iron clads 5 200 Expected from England, seven ]
Yachts 7 iron clad frigates LO 900
Sailing vessels 19 415 Expected from France, six iron [ I0
Transport sailing vessels 34 clad gun-boats J
" steamers 31
" provision 5 Total of vessels 185 2,370
Commerce. The increase in the trade and commerce within the last thirty years has been
very great. The imports, in 1864 and 1865, amounted to 316,000,000 francs ; the exports to
1869.] FOREIGN STATES— EUROPE. 59^
138,000,000 francs. There are two short railways, one from Kustendje to Tschernavoda ; the
other from Varna to Rustschuk— together 170 miles long. There were, at the end of 1865, 136
telegraph stations— length of wire about 8,500 miles.
TRIBUTARY STATES OP TURKEY.
EGYPT.
[For the description of Egypt, see Africa.]
RUMANIA.
Area and Population. The area of Rumania is 40,710 square miles ; the population
3,864,848, (*. e. Wallachia, 2,400,921, Moldavia, 1,463,927 inhabitants). The united principalities
are divided into thirty-three districts. The chief cities are Bucharest with 121,734 inhabitants,
and Tassy with 65,745 inhabitants.
Sovereign. Charles, born April, 1839, son of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ;
accepted his election as Prince of Rumania, May 10, 1866 ; recognized by the Turkish Govern
ment, Oct. 24, 1866.
Government. The union of the two principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia was granted
by the Sultan in 1861, and the name "Rumania" given to the United provinces. The legislative
power is vested collectively in the Prince, a senate, and a chamber of deputies. The Senate
consists of 64 members for three years, the chamber of 160 members (85 for Wallachia and 75 for
Moldavia). The members are chosen by indirect election. The executive is in the hands
of the reigning Prince, assisted by a council of ministers.
Cabinet. A new Cabinet was formed in December 1868, composed of the following mem
bers: Presidency and Foreign Affairs, DEMETRIUS GHIKA; Interior, COGALINTSCHEANO; Jus
tice^ BROCRESCO ; Finance, ALEXANDER GOLESCO ; Public Worship, PAPADOPULO CALIMACH ;
War, DCKA NEMERI.
Finance. The chief source of revenue is a capitation tax. The budget for 1868, fixes the
receipts and expenditures each at 78,291,233 lei, (1= 1 franc). The yearly tribute payable to Tur
key amounts for Wallachia to 5,000 purees, for Moldavia to 3,000 purses. The public debt, at
the end of 1868, was 70,624,691 lei.
Army and Navy. The military force is organized on the plan of the Russian army. It
numbers 23,770 men. The national guard consists of about 33 battalions, or 30,000 men. The
navy consists of 1 steamer, and 5 gun sloops, manned by 6 officers and 70 men.
Commerce. The total value of the exports in 1864 amounted to 366,000,000 piastres (36,600,-
000 Russian thalers) ; the imports in the two ports of Galacz and Ibraila about 143,000,000 piastres
(14,300,000 Russian thalers).
SERVIA.
Area and Population. 21,210 square miles with 1,078,281 inhabitants. Belgrade, the
capital, has 14,600 inhabitants.
Sovereign. Prince MILAN OBRENOVITCH IV., born 1856; proclaimed Prince, 1868.
Government. The principality of Servia has been under the rule of native princes since
1815, and under the protection of the great European powers, as a semi-independent state since
1850. The executive power is carried on by the Prince, assisted by a Council of five ministers
responsible to the people. The legislative authority is exercised by the Senate and House of
Repre sentatives .
Finance. The revenue and expenditure were, in the budget for 1868, fixed at about 29,000,-
000 piastres each.
Army. Servia possessed, in 1867, seventy battalions of well drilled soldiers.
Commerce. The value of the imports, in 1664, was 86,000,000 p., and of the exports 73,000,-
000 piastres.
MONTENEGRO.
The reigning Prince is NICHOLAS I., born 1840. The population of this principality is estimated
at 196,238 inhabitants. There are about 25,000 men able to bear arms.
592 TH-bJ ASLKKIC'AN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
III. ASIA.
1. AREA AND POPULATION OF ASIA— INDEPENDENT STATES AND EUROPEAN DEPENDENCIES.
Asia is both in point of area and population the first among the large divisions of the world.
It somewhat exceeds America in area, while it has more than twice as many inhabitants as
Europe, the second division of the world in point of population. As regards civilization, pros
perity and power, Asia is far inferior to Europe, America and Australia. Fully one-half of Asia
is governed by the European powers of Russia, Great Britain, Turkey, France, Spain, the Neth
erlands and Portugal, and the aggregate territory of these European possessions is steadily en
larging. Russia and Great Britain are from different directions advancing into Central Asia,
and but for their mutual jealousy, the whole of Independent Tartary, Afghanistan and Bcloo-
chistan would have been subject to European control ere this. In Farther India, Great Britain
and France have, of late, made great progress, and the three states of this country, Anam, Bur-
mah and Siam are entirely at their mercy.
The Governments purely Asiatic which still are fully independent, are China, Japan, Persia
and the States of Arabia. The latter have little intercourse with civilized nations, and most of
them are but little known to us. According to the latest reports, a large number of the smaller
Arabian states are becoming absorbed by the empire of the Wahabces, which is rapidly growing
and may, ere long, embrace the whole of Arabia (see Arabia). Since the beginning of the pres
ent century, Persia has lost a considerable portion of its territory, which has been conquered by
Russia. China and Japan are the only Asiatic countries in which there are signs of progress.
In these countries, commercial and diplomatic intercourse with European and American nations
has begun an era of reconstruction which bids fair to bring them fully within the circle of civ
ilized nations.
In no country of Asia is Christianity the prevailing religion. There are about 8,486,000 people
connected with the Eastern Churches, 4,605,000 connected with the Roman Catholic Church, and
713,000 connected with Protestant Churches. But about one-half of the whole of Asia is under
Christian rulers, and Christianity is everywhere making progress. The prevailing religions of
Asia are Buddhism, with a population of about 360,000,000, Brahmaism, with a population of
from 124,000,000 to 140,000,000, and Mohammedanism, with a population of about 79,000,000.
2. THE STATES AND SMALLER DIVISIONS or ASIA.
STATES. Square miles. Inhabitants.
Russian Territory 5,812,255 9,748,017
Caspian Sea 178,870
Aral Sea „ 26,945
Turkey in Asia 672,007 16,463,000
Arabia 1,026,040 4.000,000
Persia 562,344 5,000,000
Afghanistan (and Herat) 258,530. .
Beloochistan . . , 165,830
Khiva*
Bokhara* ,
Khokan*..
640,516-
.4.000,000
2,000,000
1.500,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
100.000
770,000
.477,500,000
Maymene*
Turcomannia*
China 4,695,334
Japan 149,399 35,000,000
East India (with British Burmah) 1,553,772 193,340,414
Ceylon 24,705 2,049,728
Burmah (Independent) 190,517 4,000,000
Siam 309,024 6,298,998
Anam 11)8,043 9,000,000
Cochinchina (French) 21,728.. . 979116
Straits' Settlements 1,084 282,831
Peninsula of Malacca 31,700 209,000
East India Islands 799,359 27,678,804
Total 17,318,002 805,419,908
1. ANAM. ,
Area, 198,043 square miles. Population, 9,000,000.
Anam is one of the political divisions of Farther India, the others being Burmah and Siam.
There are no official statements of area and population. By some writers, the population is
* These five States are comprised in Independent Tartary. A considerable portion of it has of
late been annexed to Russia.
1869.] FOREIGN STATES— ASIA. 593
estimated as high as 27,000,000; according to Behm, (Geograph. Jahrbuch) it is about 9,000,000,
exclusive of rhe French possessions in Cochin China. The latter now consist of 6 provinces,
three of which were ceded to France in 1862, and three in 1867. France has also established a
protectorate over Cambodja, another part of this country. The present Emperor of Anam is
Tu-Duc (since 1847). The divisions of Anam are Tonquin, Cochin China, and Cambodja. The
Emperor has about 800 war-craft, and monopolizes by means of larger vessels, the foreign
trade of his dominions. The inhabitants are Buddhists, excepting about 400,000 who are Roman
Catholic Christians.
2. ARABIA.
Area, 1,026,040 square miles. Population, 4,000,000,
Arabia comprises a number of independent states, many of which are not even known to us
byname. Arab geographers make the following seven divisions : 1. Bahr-el- Tour-Sinai (Des
ert of Mount Sinai). 2. The Hedjaz (Land of Pilgrimage). 3. Teharna and Yemen, along the
Red Sea. 4. Hadramant, the region along the southern coast. 5. Oman, the kingdom of Mus
cat. 6. Bahrein, on the Persian Gulf. 7. Nedjed, the central desert region. The most impor
tant of these divisions are Yemen and Oman.
Yemen has its seat of government at Sana, in the center of the country, and also possesses
two very important commercial towns. Mocha and Lohcia, situated on the coast of the Red Sea.
The Imaum (ruler) of Muscat Is by far the most powerful sovereign in Arabia, and claims au
thority over the whole of Oman, the islands of the Persian Gulf, and a vast extent of territory
on the east coast of Africa, including some valuable islands. The city of Muscat is the largest
on the south-east coast. Rostak is another large town inland from Muscat. The Kingdom of
Muscat forms to some extent an exception to the general lack of manufacturing activity exhib
ited by the Arabians, having manufactures of silk and cotton turbans and sashes, canvas, arms,
gunpowder, etc. In 1868, the Imaum of Muscat was dethroned and succeeded by the Chief of
the Wahabees. This is a sect of Mohammedans which originated in the 17th century, and en
deavored to establish Mohammedanism in its ancient purity. The sect has of late obtained
control of a large portion of Central Arabia, and having now added Muscat to its dominions,
constitutes undoubtedly the most powerful state in Arabia. The district of Hedjaz contains
the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, with their seaports, Jedclah and Yambo.
BRITISH INDIA.
Capital, Calcutta. Area, 1,545,336 square miles. Population, 192,012,137.
The total area and population of India are as follows, according to returns of 1867:
British India. Square Miles. Inhabitant*.
Under the Gov. Gen. of India in Council 47,116 5,663,700
Lieut. Governor of Bengal 246,785 42,505.222
4 " " " Northwest Provinces 84,982 28,223,889
" Punjaub 100,440 14,585,804
4 Governor of Madras ' 141,746 24,926.509
44 Bombay 142,042 12,889,106
4 Chief Commissioner of Onde 22,456 6.502,884
44 "• " Central Provinces... 79,600 7,181,321
44 4t " " British Burniah 90,070 2,196,180
Total 955,238 144,674,615
Not belonging to British India, but more or less under the control of the Indian Government:
Native States. Square Miles. Inhabitants. Native States. Square Miles. Inhabitant*.
In Bengal 117,151 4,152,923 In Central India 185,610 14,622,587
14 Northwest Provinces 8,458 2,294.400 " Madras 116.125 ...12,880.228
u Punjaub 103,442 ...7,154,538 " Bombay 66,004.... 6,804,523
Total 596,790 47,909,199
According to the official "Statistical Abstract," just issued, the area of British India is somewhat
Ie;*s, viz: 9 i7,292 square miles, and the population, 143,585,789: of native or Indian States under
French government, 188 square miles, with a population of 203,887: under Portuguese govern
ment, 1,066 square miles, with 313,262 population : making a grand total of 1,545,336 square miles,
with a population of 192,012,137. The largest cities in India are : Calcutta, having about 1,000,000
inhabitants, including both the English and Hindoo population of the city and its suburbs:
Bombay has 816,562. For others, see "List of Large Cities of the World."
38
594 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Government. The present form of the government of the Indian Empire dates from 1858.
•All the territories previously under the government of the East India Company are vested in the
Sovereign of Great Britain, and all its powers are exercised in his name, through the Secretary
of State for India. The executive authority in India is vested in a Governor-General, appointed
by the Crown. He has power to make laws and regulations for all persons. The present Gov
ernor-General of India is Earl MAYO, appointed in 18G8.
Education. In the North-Western Provinces and Madras, the foundation of a national
system of education has been laid, but the Government has as yet made little impression upon
the lower classes of the people. At the head of the educational institutions is the University
of Calcutta. The average attendance of pupils in the schools and colleges was, in 18(56, 559,317.
Finances. The financial state of the Indian Empire has undergone immense changes? in
recent years, both the revenue and the expenditure having nearly doubled since 1851. The rev
enue amounted, in 1865— CO to £47,041,000, the expenditure, to £47,021,000, the surplus being
£20,000. There was, however in reality, a deficit of £50,000, the receipts amounting only to
£46,750,000 and the expenditure to £46,800,000. The estimated budget for 1867—68 states a rev
enue of £46,283,000, an expenditure of £47,340,000, a deficit of £1,057,000. By far the most im
portant source of revenue is the land. The gross receipt from this source, including tribute, is
stated at £23,4(57, 700. Next in importance is the income derived from the opium monopoly,
which is more than sufficient to pay the interest of the public debt of India. The amount of
this debt was, Apr. 30, 1866, £85,835,957. The "charges," including interest on debt and public
works, amount to £36,238,415. The accounts for the present financial year show a surplus of
£800,000.
Army. The number of European troops in India at the beginning of 1866, was 65,292 men,
and the native troops at the same date were 113,370 men.
Commerce. The total value of the imports and exports, including treasure, was as follow;*
in 1865 : Bengal and British Burmah, imports, £18,592,218, exports, £20,948,703: Madras, imports*,
£4,262,689, exports, £6,920,187: Bombay, imports, £26,659,368, exports, £41,602,901 : total import*,
£49,514,275, exports, £69,471,791. In 1866, the imports amounted to £56,160,000, and the exports
to £67,660,000. There are 8 great railway companies. The total length of the "East Indian Rail
way" is about 1,500 miles. The total length of all the lines open, May 1, 1866, was 3,332. On May 1,
1867, 349 miles of new railway had been opened for traffic, making the total extent of lines now
open, 3,943 miles. In 1867, the number of passengers was 13,746,354. There were 2,070 pot- 1
offices. The mails were conveyed over 46,997 miles, and consisted of 60,000,000 of letters and
newspapers. From 1857 to 1866, the length of telegraphs in British India increased from 4,l(i'2
miles to 13,390 miles. At the end of 1866, £65,870,712 had been expended on railroads. The
vessels, including native craft, entered and cleared at ports of British India, numbered 58,401 ,
of 7,621,384 tons ; 36,491 were native vessels. The import of merchandise, in 1865—66, amounted to
£29,599,228, of treasure, to £26,557,301, of raw cotton, to £.35,587,389, and of opium, to £11.122-
746. Over 13,000,000 Ibs. of cotton were shipped from Bombay in December, 1867, and 27,139,868
Ibs. during February, 1868.
4. BURMAH.
Capitals, Ava and Monchobo. Area, 190,517 square miles. Population, 4,000,000.
Burmah was formerly the most extensive and powerful of the states of Farther India, but
since the war with Great Britain (1824 to 1826), its territory has been considerably reduced. It
is composed of the kingdoms of Burmah, Pegu and Pong, with portions of the countries inhab
ited by the Khyen, and the Shan countries.
The government is hereditary and despotic. The sovereign is assisted by a council of the
nobility, over whom he has a kind of feudal jurisdiction ; the titles of the nobility are not hered
itary. Education, so far as reading and writing is concerned, is more common than in most of
the Asiatic States. Public revenue is derived from a tithe of the profit of cultivation, duties
of ten per cent, on imports and five per cent, on exports, royal monopolies of marble, amber,
precious metals and gems above a certain size. The Empire is divided into 7 provinces. Ava
and Monchobo have alternately been constituted the capital of the Empire. Among the other
principal towns are Amarapure, Sakaing, Rangoon, Bassain, Martaban, Setang, Taungo, Prome,
Patango, Yandabo, and Bhamo. Burmah is the seat of flourishing American Baptist Missions,
with about 300 native preachers, 16,000 members, and a mission press at Rangoon, which during
the year ending 1865, printed 171,900 copies of books and tracts, mostly in the native languages.
1869.] FOREIGN STATES— ASIA. 595
5. CEYLON.
Area, 34,705 square miles. Population, 2,049,728.
Government. The administration is in the hands of a Governor, aided by an Executive
Council of 5 members, and a Legislative Council of 15 members. The present Governor of
Ceylon is Sir H. Robinson.
The public revenue and expenditure of this Colony in 1866, was as follows : Revenue, £963,-
000 ; expenditure, £918,000. Rather more than one-third of the revenue is derived from import
and export duties. The trade and commerce of Ceylon has greatly expanded in recent years,
having more than trebled from 1857 to 1864. The total imports in 1866, amounted to £4.960,000,
while the total exports amounted to £3,590,000.
6. CHINA.
Capital, Pekin. Area, 4,695,334 square miles. Population, 477,500,000.
The Empire is divided into 18 provinces. While the tributary States are very thinly popula
ted, China proper is one of the most densely peopled countries of the world. The chief cities
are, Soochow, about 2,000,000 inhabitants ; Pekin, 1,648,814. (For the other large cities see the
list of large cities of the world).
Sovereign. The reigning Emperor, KI-TSIANG, born April 5, 1855, son of the Emperor Hien-
fung, succeeded his father Aug. 22, 1861. He is the 8th emperor of the Tartar dynasty of Ta-
tsing, which succeeded to the native dynasty of Ming in 1644.
Government. The Emperor is spiritual as well as temporal Sovereign. The administra
tion of the Empire is under the supreme direction of the "Interior Council Chamber," com
prising 4 members and 2 assistants from the "Great College.1' The fundamental laws are con
tained in the sacred books of Confucius. There are 8 boards of Government, the present chief
of which is Prince Kong. Independent of the Government, and theoretically above the central
administration, is the Board of Public Censors ; it consists of 40 to 50 members ; all the mem
bers of this board are privileged to present any remonstrance to the Sovereign. There are five
degrees of nobility. The civil mandarins (about 15,000) are divided into two classes, from the
first of which the ministers of State are taken, and from the second of which are filled the
minor offices of the empire. The military mandarins number about 20,000 men, distributed into
five classes.
Finances. The estimates of the public revenue of China are variable and conflicting. Offi
cial returns of the Government are not trustworthy ; according to the latest published returns,
the revenue amounted to 192,000,000 taels (-=£64,000,000), of which the land-tax in money and
kind amounted to 167,000,000 taels.
Army. There are no official reports on army and navy. According to recent estimates the
army consists nominally of 4 divisions, of the total strength of 600,000 men, scattered all over
the empire, besides about 200,000 irregular troops (Tartars). The soldiers pursue as chief busi
ness some civil occupation in their own houses ; a standing army, in the European sense of the
word, does not exist.
Commerce. By the terms of the commercial treaty of Nanking in 1842, 5 ports of the em
pire were opened to European trade : Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai. To these
ports were subsequently (in 1858) added 8 others : Swatow, Tientsin, Che-foo, Hankow, Kin-
kiang, Chin-kiang, Formosa, and New-chang. The relative importance of these 13 gates of
Chinese commerce is shown in the following table, which gives the total value of the imports
and exports of each in 1864 :
Ports. Imports. Exports. Ports. Imports. Exports.
Shanghai £21,610.757 £13,282,589 Che-foo £1,008,325 £919,516
Foo-chow 2,378,044 4,374,685 Hankow 3,620,738 4,484,475
Canton 2,421,482 3,414,863 Kin-kiane 1,044,217 1,356,983
Ningpo 3,421,538 2,083,435 Chin-kiang 1,557,784 402,979
Amoy 2,354,913 943,494 Formosa 193,213 154,498
Swatow 2,133.262 1,233,371 New-chang... . 236,579 570,133
Tientsin 2,593,065 576,929
Total £44,573,917 £33,797,950
In the movement of ships there were about 19,000 vessels of a burthen of 6,000,000 tons, 6,-
852 of which were British, 5,355 American, and 320 French.
The port of Shanghai exported, in November, 1865, 347,718 pieces of cotton goods ; and in the
period from June 1 to Nov. 30, 1866, 20,337 bales of silk ; 242,000 piculs of black, and 33,000
596 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
of green tea. The total value of merchandise exported in 1865, in the inland trade of China
with Russia, by way of Kiachta, amounted to 8,000,000 silver roubles (=4 francs) ; the value of
goods imported from Russia, was 7,750,000. The number of American vessels entered in Shang
hai for the quarter ending Sept. 30, 1808, was 122, with a tonnage of 129,298 ; the value of im
ports amounted to 14,735,000 taels, that of exports to 5,487,000 taels (1 tael=$1.60). Tea, silk,
&c., shipped to the United States for same time, $201,498. The estimated total value of trade
carried on under foreign flags in 1866, amounted to 299,929,541 taels. The total estimated value
of foreign imports and coastwise, was 172,462,136 taels in 1866, to which Great Britain contrib
uted 31,757,249 taels, the United States 280,882, and the Chinese port", coastwise, 95,531,355.
The amount of tea exported in 1866 was 1,183,042 piculs (1 picul=133 Ibs.) The import of opium
for local consumption, at the open ports, increased in 1866 to 64,576 piculs, of the estimated
value of 34,838,640 taels ; there were also imported grey shirtings, 2,182,602 pieces, and sugar,
1,556,899 piculs.
China is traversed in all directions by 20,000 imperial roads, most of which, however, are in
bad condition. There are extensive coal fields in China.
The Chinese Government is (1868) negotiating treaties with the prominent civilized nations.
It has conceded the privilege of connecting the great seaports of the empire by submarine tele
graph cable. These ports have a foreign commerce of $900,000,000, besides an immense internal
trade.
7. JAPAN.
Capital, Yeddo. Area, 149,399 square miles. Population, 35,000,000.
The number of foreigners settled in Japan is as yet very small. Several ports have been
opened to aliens, Kanagawa, Nagasaki, Osaka, Hiogo, Hakodaki. The laws of Japan are severe
and sanguinary. The chief cities are Yeddo, 1,554,848 inhabitants, Osaka, about 1,000,000, and
Miaco, 600,000.
Government. The head of the State is the "Mikado" or Emperor: but for many centu
ries the administration has been almost wholly in the hands of a hereditary Tycoon. In
1868, after a war between the Tycoon Stotsbashi (since 1866), and the young Mikado (since 1867),
the Mikado resumed the administration of the Empire, and abolished the Tycoonate. The act
ual government is vested in a number of feudal princes, or " Daimios," proprietors of a more or
less extensive territory, over which they exercise absolute sway. The administration of the
Empire is carried on by two Councils of State. The Mikado has recently convoked a Parliament
of the Daimios and Councillors selected without regard to rank.
Army. The Daimios are stated to keep up an effective army of 368,000 infantry and 38,000
cavalry, forming the Federal army. The Imperial army formerly kept by the Tycoon, reached
the nominal figure of 100,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry. The reconstruction of the government
will require a reorganization of the army.
Commerce. The trade of Japan with foreign countries showed a remarkable expansion in
1865. The total imports Drought to Japan by British vessels alone amounted to $11,560,509, and
the imports in other vessels to $2,634,262. The exports in British vessels amounted to $16,186,-
823 ; and the exports in other foreign vessels to $2,303,407. The increase in the value of exports
was owing chiefly to the great rise in the price of Japanese silks. The internal trade of Japan is
vory extensive. There were imported into Osaka, in 1866, salt, 916,270 bags : charcoal, 1,253,880
bags : wood, 921,540 bundles : mats (rough), 105,000 packages. Total of merchant vessels, 1,843,
8. JAVA.
The area of Java, the most important of the Asiatic possessions of the Netherlands, including
Madura, embraces 51,336 square miles, with a population (in 1865), of 14,168,416. The popula
tion has trebled since 1816, when the British Government restored the colony to the Netherlands.
Slavery was abolished in 1860. The bulk of the people are held in strict subjugation as agricul
tural laborers.
Government. Java is governed in an absolute manner. It is divided into 24 provinces,
each governed by a President. The executive is in the hands of a Governor-General, who is
assisted by a Council of 5 members.
Java furnished to the Netherlands a large surplus revenue, after paying for its own govern
ment, principally by the sale of a vast amount of colonial produce.
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-ASIA. 597
The peculiar government of Java necessitates a comparatively large army, numbering about
80,000 rank and file. More than one-half of the troops are natives. The fleet consisted in 1865,
of 2 screw frigates, 3 corvettes, and 25 smaller steamers.
Almost the entire trade of Java is with the Netherlands. Next in importance are Great Brit
ain, China and Macao, the Eastern Archipelago, France and the Gulf of Persia. The principal
articles of export are indigo, coffee, sugar and tobacco.
9. PERSIA.
Capitol, Teheran. Area, 562,344 square miles. Population, 5,000,000.
The chief cities of Persia are Tabris (Tauris), 150,000 inhabitants, Teheran, 120,000, Meshed,
90,000, Ispahan, 60,000. More than 3,000,000 are nomads. The sovereign is Nasser-ed-Din, Shah
of Persia, born 1829, succeeded, 1848.
The revenue of the Crown treasure amounts to 3,000,000 tomans (36,000,000 francs), to which
must be added the immense donations given to the ruler. From the Crown treasure are paid
the civil list and the public expenditure. There is no public debt, the deficits being covered by
extraordinary contributions, fines, etc.
The Persian army numbers at present 90 regular regiments of 800 men each, 3 squadrons of
regular cavalry of 500 men, 5,000 men artillery, and about 30,000 irregular cavalry.
The total commerce of Persia reaches the following values : Over the western frontiers, im
ports, 12,950,000 thalers, exports, 13,200,000 thalers: over the eastern frontiers, imports, 8,000,000
thalers, exports, 7,800,000 thalers : total imports, 20,950,000 thalers, exports, 21,000,000 thalers.
Silk is the most valuable article.
10. SI AM.
Capital, Bangkok. Area, 309,024 square miles. Population, 6,298,990.
The limits of the kingdom of Siam have varied much at different periods, and even now the
lines of demarcation cannot be exactly traced. The total area is about 309,024 square miles, the
population about 6,000,000. The Siamese dominions are divided into 41 provinces. The chief
city, Bangkok, has 500,000 inhabitants.
The first King of Siam, Somdel Phra (born Oct. 18, 1804, succeeded, 1851), died in 1868. (See
"Obituaries "). The second king was Wangna, bom, 1810, brother of Somdel Phra, and heir-
apparent.
Government. Siam is a feudal monarchy, the supreme rulers possessing, however, more
power than those in Japan. The general legislative and executive authority is vested in two
Kings, the first being the real occupant of the throne, and the second only nominally his equal.
The public revenue is estimated at about $20,000,000 annually, of which sum the poll-tax and
fines for non-service in the army, produce $2,500,000. The people are subjected to personal
service.
There is no standing army, but a general armament of the people. The fleet of war consists
of numerous junks, galleys, &c. The foreign trade passes through the port of Bangkok. The
principal articles of trade are rice and sugar. The kingdom is rich in minerals.
1 1 . TART ARY, Independent.
Area, 640,516 square miles. Population, 7,870,000.
Independent Tartary (or Turkistan, or Turan), is a country in Central Asia, comprising the
Khanates of Maymene, 100,000 inhabitants; Khiva, 1,500,000; Bokhara, 2,500,000; Khokan,
3,000,000; and the territory of the Turcomans, 770,000. Our knowledge of all these states is
very imperfect, and the statements of different writers on population and area widely differ.
The principal cities are Bokhara, Samarcand, Balkh and Kusrhee in Bokhara ; Khiva (with
10,000 inhabitants) in the Khanate of Khiva ; and Khokan in the Khanate of Khokan. The ter
ritory of Independent Tartary has of late been greatly reduced by Russian conquests, and a
large portion of Khokan, with the important, cities of Taskkent (40,000 in habitants) and Khojend
has been annexed to Russia, and (in 1867) formed into the Russian province of Turkestan.
598
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
IV. AFRICA.
THE DIVISIONS AND SUBDIVISIONS OF AFRICA.
Square miles. Inhabitant?.
Morocco 269,593 2,750,000
Algeria 258,817 2.921,240
Tunis 45,710 950,000
Tripoli, Barka and Fezzan 344,423 750,000
Egypt 659,081 7,405,000
Sahara 2,430,473 4,000,000
Mohammedan countries in the middle of Soudan 031,017 38,800,000
Western part of Soudan, from the Senegal to the
lower Niger with Upper Guinea.
French Possessions in Senegambia 96,523 617,732
Liberia • 9,567 717,500
Dahomey 3,997 180,000
British Possessions 6,442 199,906
Portuguese Possessions 35,867 1,095
Dutch Possessions 10,030 120,000
Other Territory 655,510 818,536 30,063,707 38,500,000
Eastern Africa.
Abyssinia... 158,392 3,000,000
Other Territory 1,330,158 1,594,550 26,700,000 29,700,000
South Africa.
Portuguese Possessions, eastern coast 382,692 300,000
Portuguese Possessions, western coast 312,532 9,057,500
CapeColony 192,834 490,381
British Caffraria 3,402 81,353
Natal... 19,347 156,165
Independent Caffraria 14,457 100,000
Orange Free State 48,049 50,000
Transvaal Republic 77.964 120,000
BassutoLand 7,654 100,000
Other Territory 907,043 1,965,974 .5,530.601 16,000,000
Territory of the Equator 1,722,264 43,000,000
Islands in the Atlantic.
Cape Verde islands 1,650 84,191
St. Thomas and Principe 454 18,369
Fernando Po and Annabon 489 5,590
Ascension 38
St. Helena 47 6,860
Tristan da Cunha 45 2,721 53 115,063
Islands in the Indian Ocean.
Socotra 1,701 3,000
Abd-el-Kuri 64 100
Zanzibar 617 380,000
Madagascar... 232,315 5.000,000
NOBSRW 75 14,860
St. Marie de Madagascar 351 5,704
Comoro 1,050 49,000
The islands Arco, &c 149
Reunion.... 969 205,972
Mauritius and Dependencies 708 237,999 340,604 5,999,300
Total, (inclusive of several inland lakes not enumerated). 11, 556,663
190,950,609
1. ABYSSINIA.
Chief Town, aondar. Area, 158,392 square miles. Population, 3,000,000.
Abyssinia is one of the most ancient monarchies of the world. The people were converted
to Christianity at the time of Constantino, and in the following centuries the power of the Abys
sinian rulers greatly extended ; but then it began to decline, and the Turks on the one side, and
the Gallas on the other, almost entirely separated them from other nations. For more than a
century the princes of this ancient dynasty have been deprived of their authority, and the
empire has been divided into several states, the chief of which are Shoa, Tigre, and Amhara.
The first ruler who re-established a superiority over all the petty princes, and began the con
solidation of the country into one empire, was the late King Theodore, who acceded to the
throne in 1855, and perished at the capture of his fortress Magdala by the English, in April.
1868. In August, 1868, King Gobazie, the ruler of Waag, declared himself Emperor of all Abys
sinia, but a number of chiefs do not recognize or openly combat his authority.
1869.] FOREIGN STATES-AFRICA. 599
2. ALG-EBIA.
Capital, Algiers. Area, 258,317 square miles. Population, 2,921,246.
The boundaries of Algeria are not well defined, large proportions of the territory in the out
lying districts being claimed both by the French government and the nomadic tribes which in.
habit it. The area and population given, are in accordance with the latest official estimates.
Government. This is the largest and most important of the French colonies, and is entirely
under military rule. The administration is in the hands of a Governor General. The country is
divided into five military districts.
Finances. The cost of maintenance of the army, the expenditure for public works, and
other large sums disbursed by the government, are provided out of the French budget. It is cal
culated that the sum total of French expenditure in Algeria, from the time of its conquest till
the end of 1865, amounted to 5,000,000,000 francs.
Army. The French troops in Algeria consist of one army corps (the 7th), numbering about
(50,000 men. The native troops consist of three regiments of Zouaves, three of Turcos, three of
chasseurs, and three of Spahis— altogether 15,000 infantry and 3,000 horse.
Commerce. Since the days of the French conquest, trade in Algeria has made immense
strides ; while in laSO it did not exceed £248,000, it reached £9,000,000 in 1866. France draws a
large amount of agricultural produce, particularly corn and cattle, from the colony. Great pro
gress has been made in the cultivation of the vine. In recent years the culture of cotton has
also been attempted.
3. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
Capital, Cape Town. Area, 192,834 square miles. Population, 496,381.
The colony is divided into fourteen districts, containing an area of 192,834 square miles, and
a population of 496,381 inhabitants. The European inhabitants consist in part of the English
authorities and English settlers ; but the majority are of Dutch, German, or French origin.
The colored people are chiefly Hottentots and Kaffirs ; the remaining portion of the population
consists of Malays.
Government. The executive is vested in the Governor and an Executive Council : the
letiislative power rests with a Legislative Council of 15 elected members, and a House of Assem
bly of 46 elected members. The present Governor is Sir Wodehouse.
Finance. The revenue is mainly derived from import duties. The income was, in 1866.
£874,064 ; the expenditure £858,072. The colony had a public debt, at the end of 1865, of £851,650.
Commerce. The value of the total imports, in 1865, was £2,125,332 ; that of the exports,
£2,297,173. Among the articles of export, wool is the most important.
4. EGYPT.
Capital, Cairo. Area, 659,081 square miles. Population, 7,465,000.
The population consists of Egyptians, Copts, Bedouin Arabs. Jews, Armenians, and domi
ciled Europeans. By far the greater number are the " Fillahs" (Arabs), who cultivate the soil.
The chief cities are Cairo, 256,700 inhabitants ; Alexandria, 164,400 inhabitants (of which about
half are Europeans).
Sovereign. ISMAIL PASCHA, Viceroy of Egypt, born 1816. the oldest surviving son of Ibra
him Pascha, succeeded January 18, 1863. The present viceroy is the fifth ruler of Egypt of
the family of Mehemet Ali, in which family the government has been hereditary since 1841. He
pays tribute to the Sultan, and in case of need furnishes a contingent of soldiers to the Ottoman
army : but in other respects he is quite independent.
Government. Egypt, formerly a province of the Turkish Empire, became independent in
1811. The independent position of the rulers was greatly enlarged by the imperial firman of
May 14, 1867, establishing the direct succession of the descendants of Mehemet Ali. and confirm
ing upon them the title of King. The administration of the country is under a Council of State,
consisting of four military and four civil dignitaries, appointed by the king. By the side of this
council stands a ministry, divided into the departments of finance and foreign affairs. A Gover
nor is at the head of each of the seven provinces. The King has recently instituted an Assembly
of Representatives.
Finance. The annual revenue of the government is estimated, according to reliable state
ments, at £8,000,000. The Egyptian budget recently published, estimates the revenue at £7,477,-
498, and the expenditure at £4,826,805, showing a surplus of £2,650,000. The tribute to the
600 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
Turkish government amounted formerly to 80,000 purses (= £360,000), but is said to have been
considerably increased since 18G6. There exist two government loans, contracted in 1862 and
1864 ; the former amounts to 60,000,000 francs, to be repaid by semi-annual rates of 3,250,000
francs for 30 years ; the latter amounts to £5,000,000 to be extinguished, by payments of £310,000
in equal rates, within fifteen years.
Army and Navy. The army is raised by conscription. It consisted, in 1867, of four regi
ments of infantry, of 3,000 men each ; of a battalion of chasseurs, of 1,000 men ; of 3,500 cavalry ;
1,500 artillery ; and two battalions of engineers, of 1,500 each. There is, besides, a regiment of
black troops, of the Soudan, 3,000 men strong. The Egyptian navy comprised, in 1867, sevei'
ships of the line, six frigates, nine corvettes, seven brigs, eighteen gunboats and smaller vessels,
and twenty-seven transports.
Commerce. The total value of the trade of Alexandria in Egyptian piasters (20 = $1) was,
in 1866, 1,307,045,000 piasters. There entered the port of Alexandria in 1866, 3,698 ships, of
which 980 were steamers, of a total burthen of 1,373,217 tons.
5. LIBERIA.
Capital, Monrovia. Area, 9,567 square miles. Population, 717,500.
The settlement of Liberia, founded in 1822, was in 1847 proclaimed a free and independent
State, and recognized by the United States in 1861.
Government. The constitution of the republic of Liberia js formed after that of the United
States. The executive is vested in a president, and the legislative power is exercised by a par
liament of two houses. The President of Liberia (since Jan. 6, 1868), is J. Spriggs Payne. For
political and judicial purposes, the republic is divided into counties. The government is entirely
in the hands of men of the African race.
Finances. The revenue, in the budget for 1868, amounted to $108,297 ; the expenditure to
$106,745.
Commerce. The exports amounted, in 1866, to $436,571.90. The Liberians have built and
manned thirty coast traders, and they have a number of large vessels engaged in commerce with
the United States and Great Britain. The principal exports are coffee, sugar and palm oil.
6. MADAGASCAR.
Capital, Antanarivo. Area, 232,315 square miles. Population, 5,000,000.
The earliest history of this island is involved in the deepest mystery. In 1816, diplomatic
and commercial relations were entered into between England and Radama, King of the Hovae,
the most powerful of the Malagash tribes, who had gradually extended his influence over the
greater part of Madagascar. This King was a great patron of the Protestant missionaries, and
especially of their schools, of which there were more than 100, affording instruction to about
5,000 children. Radama died in 1828, and was succeeded by his Queen, Ranavala. who tried to
extirpate Christianity, and to break off all connection with foreigners. Her son, Radama II.,
who succeeded her in 1861, restored friendly relations with European nations, and allowed the
re-opening of Christian missions. He was succeeded in 1863, by his Queen, Rasoheima, who
was opposed to Christianity, but desirious of continuing intercourse with Europeans. Raso
heima died in 1868, and her successor openly patronizes the work of the Christian missionaries.
Christianity, education and civilization in general are now making very rapid progress, and the
island bids fair to soon take a place among the civilized nations of the earth.
Hitherto the government has been a despotic monarchy. Public assemblies are sometimes
called and addressed by the monarch, but they are not consulted. The island is divided into
about twenty-five provinces, each being governed by a Chief subject to the King.
7. NATAL.
Area and Population. The colony has an estimated area of 19,347 square miles, with a
population of 156,165, and a seacoast of 150 miles. About one-seventh of the population are of
European origin.
Government. The colony of Natal was erected into a separate government in 1845, being
administered by a lieutenant governor. The present lieutenant-governor is T. Maclean.
Finance. The revenue was, in 1866, £157,000 ; the expenditure, £205,000.
Commerce. The value of imports, in 1807, was £269,580 ; exports, £225,671. The staple
production was wool, its export reaching, in 1867, 1,974,447 pounds.
186'.).] FOREIGN STATES— AUSTRALASIA AND POLYNESIA. 601
V. AUSTRALASIA AND POLYNESIA.
The following table exhibits the area and population of the continent of Australia, and the
principal islands of Polynesia:
Square miles. Inhabitants.
Continent of Australia 2,945,219 1,313,946
Natives 54,000
Islands 479.981 2,823,925
Tasmania 26,215 95,201
New Zealand 106.261 201,712
Natives &5,000
French Possessions 11,056 74,397
New Guinea 275,518 1,000,000
Sandwich Islands 7,633 62,959
Total 3,425,200 About 4,192,000
1. FEEJEE ISLANDS.
Area, 8,033 square miles. Population, 200,000.
The Feejee Islands are a group of islands in the South Pacific. Altogether, they number
about 225, of which 80 are inhabited. Next to the Sandwich Islands, they are the largest of the
Polynesia States which have thus far maintained native Governments. They are the seat of a
flourishing mission of the English Wesleyans, and the number of attendants upon their relig
ious services is reported as exceeding 50,000. Seven years ago, the King offered to cede the isl
ands to Great Britain, but no action has yet been taken by the English Government upon this
offer. In 1868, King Thakombau, finding himself unable to pay the indemnity claimed by the
United States Government for the murder of the crews of two American vessels by natives of
the islands, proposed, through his Prime Minister, Mr. C. S. Hare (an Englishman), to sell to
the Government of the United States the three islands which had been mortgaged for the pay
ment of the indemnity. Finally, however, a contract was made with a company in Melbourne,
which, for extensive grants of land and other privileges, undertook the payment of the indem
nity. White population, about 600. Exports, in 1867, £39,960.
2. NEW SOUTH WALES.
This is the oldest of the Australasian colonies. The area embraces 478,861 square miles, with
a population, in 1865, of 411,388. In 1866, the population amounted to 431,412. The number
of immigrants introduced into the colony in 1865, at the public expense, was 2,717.
Government. The constitution vests the legislative power in a Parliament of two Houses.
There were, in 1865, 1,069 schools with 53,453 scholars.
Revenue. The revenue amounted, in 1866, to £2,038,079, the expenditure to £2,036,9&5 ; the
land revenue amounted to £547,138 ; the revenue derived from gold to £27,410. The public debt
amounted to £5,802,980, and was entirely incurred for railways and public works.
Commerce. The trade has more than quintupled since 1850. The total value of the im
ports, in 1865, amounted to £9,928,595 ; the exports to £8,191,170. The staple article is wool.
There were in March, 1866, 1,961,905 horned cattle, and 8,132,511 sheep. New South Wales is
believed to be richer in coal than any other territory of Australasia. There were, in 1865, 585,525
tons raised from twenty-four mines. They are steadily increasing in productiveness.
3. NEW ZEALAND,
The colony of New Zealand is a group of three islands, nearly 1,000 miles long and 200 miles
broad. The area is estimated at 106,261 square miles, with a population in 1865, of 201,712. and
in 1867, 208,682. The white population is composed chiefly of emigrants from Great Britain.
The legislative power is vested in a Parliament of two Chambers.
In 1866 the revenue was £1,979,000 ; the expenditure £3,293,000. A considerable portion of the
revenue is derived from the sale of crown lands. The public debt amounted to £5,436,000. The
imports rose, in 1865, to £5,890,000, and the exports to £4,520,000. Wool growing, ship-build
ing and the trade in timber are the chief elements of industry.
4. QUEENSLAND.
Queensland comprises the whole north-eastern portion of the Australian continent. Its Area
ie 678,600 square miles,of which 195,000 were already occupied by pastoral stations in 1861. The
602 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
population amounted in 1864 to 61,467, in 1866, to 96,172. Emigration is adding more than 10,000
persons every year. The colony of Queensland was established in 1859, on its separation from
New South Wales. The power of making laws and imposing taxes is vested in a Parliament of two
Houses. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to £631,432 ; the expenditure to £613,1(51. The value
of the imports, in 1866, was £2,467,907, of the exports £1,366,491. The staple article is wool.
5. SANDWICH ISLANDS.
Capital, Honolulu. Area, 7,633 square miles.
History. The Sandwich or Hawaii It-lands is a group of thirteen islands, six of which are
mere islets ; while seven, namely, Hawaii, Maui, Atauai, Oahu, Molokai (or Morotai), Ranai (or
Lanai), and Nihau are inhabited. They were discovered in 1778 by Captain Cook, and at that
time each island had its separate ruler. Afterwards the islands were consolidated into one king
dom by Kamehamaha I. (1784-1810). His son, Kamehamaha II. (died 1824) abolished idolatry.
The brother of the latter, Kamehamaha III. (died 1854) had his sovereignty recognized by Eng
land and the United States. Kamehamaha IV. (died 1863) was married to an English lady, and
favored the influence of England. He was succeeded by his brother, Prince Lot, who now
reigns as Kamehamaha V.
The population of the islands has been steadily decreasing since the time of their discovery,
as the following table shows :
N»tir«. VThit«. Natives. Totil.
1779 (estimate by Cook) 400.000 1,850 (census) 1,962. . . .82,203. . . .84,165
1828 (estimate) 142,050 1853 " 2,119. . . .71,019. . . .73,138
1832 (census) 130,315 1860 " '2,71(5 07,084 79,800
1836 kk 108,579 1866 " 4,194. .. .58,765. .. .62,959
Government. The present King, Kamehamaha V. was born Dec. 11, 1830, and succeeded
his brother November, 1863. He is a son of the Governor Kekuariaoa and of Kinau, daughter
of Kamehamaha I. The Sandwich Islands are a constitutional monarchy. The ministry, in
1868, was constituted as follows : Foreign Affairs, Crosnier de Varigny ; Interior, F. GK Hutcii-
inscm ; Finances and Justice, C. C. Harris.
6. SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
The total area of this territory is calculated to comprise 383,328 square miles, with a popula
tion in 1865, of 148,143, and in 1867, of 178,500. The legislative power is vested in a Parliament
elected by the people, and consisting of a Legislative Council and a House of Assembly. The
revenue of the colony was, in 1866, £975,000. The expenditure, £1,055,000. The total value of
South Australian imports, in 1865, was £2,840,000, and of exports £2,890,000.
7. TASMANIA.
This colony was formerly known as Van Diemen's Land ; its area is estimated at 26,215 square
miles, and its population in 1865, at 95,201, in 1866, at 97,368. The Constitution gives a Legisla
tive Council and a House of Representatives. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to £1338,076 ; the
expenditure to £353,456. The total value of imports, in 1865, was £403,559; exports, £231,436,
8. VICTORIA.
The estimated population, in 1866, was 643.912, and the area 86,944 square miles.
The revenue was in the same year, £0,322,887, and its expenditure £3,321,779. The total value
of imports amounted to £13,257,537 ; that of the exports to £13,150,748. The staple article is
wool, of a value of £3,303,478 in 1865. The product of the gold fields, in 1866, had a value of
nearly £6,000,000.
9. WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
In 1866 the population numbered 21,065. The occupied portion of the colony is about 600
miles in length, by about 150 miles in average breadth. It is the only colony to which con
victs from Great Britain continue to be transported. The trade amounted, in 1868, to £168,414
for imports, and £179,147 for exports.
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF THE WORLD,
RELATING TO AREA AND POPULATION.
I. THE LARGE DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.
The following table exhibits the large divisions of the world, in the order of their extent and
population. The islands south-east of Asia are classed with Asia. The increase of population
is more rapid in America and Australia than in Asia, Europe and Africa.
Square miles.
1. Asia 17,318,000
2. America 15,480,000
3. Africa 11,556,663
4. Europe 3,781,000
5. Australia and Polynesia 3,425,000
Population.
1. Asia 805,419,908
2. Europe 293,083,000
3. Africa 190,950,609
4. America 81,400,000
5. Australia and Polynesia 4,000,000
II. POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.
1. ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR AREA AND POPULATION.
The following table exhibits all the Political Divisions of America and Europe, and the most
important countries of the other large divisions of the world. In the first column they are ar
ranged according to their area, in the second according to their population from the latest cen
suses taken. Any particular country or state in either of the two columns may immediately be
found by consulting the alphabetical list following this table :
IN ORDER OF AREA.
Square miles.
1. Russian Empire 7,802,568 ' 1.
2. Chinese Empire 4,695,334 2.
3. British Empire* 4,419,559 3.
4. United States 3,578,392 4.
5. British North America 3,523,083 5.
6. Brazil 3.231,047 6.
7. Australian Continent 2,945,219 7.
8. Turkish Empire 1,917,472 8.
9. India 1,552,028 9.
10. China (proper) 1,300,000 10.
11. Argentine Republic 826,828 11.
12. Mexico 773,144 12.
13. Egypt 659,081 13.
14. Independent Tartary (Turkestan) 640,516 14.
15. Persia 562,344 15.
16. Bolivia 535,769 16.
17. Peru 510,107 17.
18. Venezuela 368,2.35 18.
19. United States of Colombia a57,179 19.
20. Tripoli 344,423 20.
21. Morocco 259,593 21.
22. Afghanistan 258,530 22.
23. Texas 247,356 23.
24. Austria 240,381 24.
25. Madagascar 233,315 25.
26. Ecuador 218,984 26.
27. France 209,428 27.
28. Spain 195,607 28.
29. California 188,981 29.
30. Central America 178,869 30.
31. Sweden 170,634 31.
32. Beloochistan 165,830 32.
IN ORDER op POPULATION.
Inhabitants.
Chinese Empire 477,500,000
China (proper) 450,000,000
India 192,583,814
British Empire* 174,156,882
Russian Empire 77,008,448
Turkish Empire 40,000,000
France 38,192,094
Austria 86,663,000
Japan 35,000,000
United States 34,560,000
North German Confederation.. 29,910,377
Great Britain 29,321,288
Italy 24,368,787
Prussia 24,043,2%
Spain 16,302,625
Brazil 11,780,000
Mexico 8,137,853
Independent Tartary 7,870,000
Egypt 7,465,000
Persia 5,000,000
Madagascar 5,000,000
Belgium 4.984,451
Bavaria 4,824,421
Portugal 4.351,519
Sweden 4,160,677
Afghanistan 4,000,000
New York.
British North America
Netherlands
Abyssinia
United States of Colombia. . .
Pennsylvania
3,880,7:35
3,765,000
3,552,665
3,000,000
2,920,473
2,906,115
[603]
* Exclusive of Hudson's Bay Territory.
604
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
41.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
IN ORDER OF AREA.
Square mill's.
North German Confederation 100,^07
Abyssinia 158,392
Dakota 152,000
Japan 149,399
Montana 143,776
Prussia 135,806
Chili 132,024
Paraguay 126,352
New Mexico 121,201
Great Britain 121,115
Norway 120,295
Arizona 113,916
Nevada... 112.090
Italy 109,837
Colorado 104,500
Oregon 95,274
Idaho 90,932
Utah 88,056
Wyoming 88,000
Minnesota... 83,531
IN ORDER OF POPULATION.
Inhabitant!.
2,750,000
2,665,000
2,510,494
2,500,000
2,423,401
2,339,511
Kansas.
Transvaal Republic
81,318
77,964
Nebraska 75,995
Washington 69,994
Indian Territory 68,991
Uruguay 66,716
Missouri 65,350
Florida 59,268
Georgia 58,000
Michigan 56,451
Illinois 55,410
Iowa 55,045
"Wisconsin 53,924
Arkansas 52,198
Alabama . 50,722
North Carolina 50,704
Orange Free State 48,049
Mississippi 47,156
New York 47,000
Pennsylvania 46,000
Tunis 45,710
Tennessee 45,600
Louisiana 41,346
Ohio 39,964
Virginia 38,352
Portugal 37,977
Kentucky 37,680
Maine 35,000
South Carolina 34,000
Indiana 33,809
Bavaria 29,373
West Virginia 243,000
Servia 21,210
Greece 19,353
St. Domingo 17.826
Switzerland 15,722
Denmark 14,734
Netherlands 12,680
Belgium 11,373
Maryland 11,124
Vermont 10,212
Hayti 10,205
Liberia 9,567
New Hampshire 9,280
Feejee Islands 8,033
Massachusetts 7.800
Sandwich Islands 7,633
New Jersey 7,576
Wurtemberg 7,532
Baden 5,912
Saxony 5,779
Mecklenburg-Schwerin 5,190
Connecticut 4,674
Papal States 4,552
Hesse-Darmstadt 2,969
Oldenburg 2,469
33. Morocco
34. Central America
35. Switzerland
36. Peru
37. Saxony
38. Ohio
39. Venezuela 2,200,000
40. Illinois 2,141,510
41. Chili 2,084,960
42. Beloochistan 2,000,000
43. Bolivia 1,987,352
44. Wurtemberg 1,778,479
45. Norway 1,701,478
46. Denmark 1,608,095
47. Argentine Republic 1,465,000
48. Baden 1,434,970
49. Indiana 1,350,428
50. Greece 1,348,522
51. Paraguay 1,337,431
52. Australian Continent 1,313,946
53. Ecuador 1 .300,000
54. Massachusetts 1,267,031
55. Virginia 1,260,397
56. Missouri 1,182,012
57. Kentucky 1,155,684
58. Tennessee 1,109,801
59. Servia 1,078,281
60. Georgia 1,057,286
61 . North Carolina ... 992,622
62. Tunis 950,000
63. Alabama 946,244
64. Iowa 902,040
65. Hesse-Darmstadt 823,138
66. Michigan 803,745
67. Mississippi 791,305
68. Wisconsin 775,881
69. Tripoli 750,000
70. Papal States 723,121
71. Liberia 717,500
72. Louisiana 708,002
73. South Carolina 703,708
74. Maryland 687,049
75. New Jersey 672,035
76. Maine 628,279
77. Texas 604,215
78. Hayti 572,000
79. Mecklenburg-Schwerin 560,618
80. California 470,597
81. Connecticut 460,147
82. Arkansas 435,450
83. Minnesota 400,000
84. West Virginia 376,688
85. Uruguay 350,000
86. Florida 350,000
87. New Hampshire 326,073
88. Oldenburg 315,622
89. Vermont 315,098
90. Hamburg 305,196
91. Brunswick 303,401
92. Saxe-Weimar 283,044
93. Feejee Islands 200,000
94. Anhalt 197,041
95. Rhode Island 184,965
96. Saxe-Meiningen 180,335
97. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 168,735
98. Saxe-Altenburg 141,426
99. San Domingo 136,500
100. District of Columbia 126,990
101. Transvaal Republic 120,000
102. Delaware 112,216
103. Lippe-Detmold 111,352
104. Bremen 109,572
105. Kansas 107,206
106. Mecklenburg-Strelitz 98,770
107. Reuse, younger line 88,097
108. -New Mexico 83,000
1861M
TABLES OF COMPARATIVE STATISTICS.
IN ORDER OF AREA.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
Delaware 2,120
Brunswick.
1,425
Saxe- Weimar 1,404
Rhode Inland 1,306
Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1,052
Anhalt 1,026
Saxe-Meiningen 956,
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 760
Saxe- Alien burg 5JO
Lippe-Detmold . 438
Waldeck 433
Schwa r/sburg-Rudolstadt 374
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 332
Reuss, younger line 320
Schamnburg-Lippe 171
Hamburg 156
Andorra 149
Reuss, elder line 145
Lubeck 107
Bremen 74
Liechtenstein 62
District of Columbia 55
IN ORDER OF POPULATION.
109. Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
110. Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. .
111. Sandwich Islands
112. Montana
113. Waldeck
114. Oregon
115. Orange Free State
116. Lubeck
117. Reuss, elder line...
118. Utah
119. Colorado
120. Schaurnburg-Lippe
121. Nebraska
122. Idaho
123. Ari/.ona
124. Washington
125. Andorra
126. Indian Territory
127. Liechtenstein
128. Nevada
129. Dakota
130. Wyoming
605
Inhabitants.
. 75,074
. 67,500
. 62.959
. 60,000
. 56,805
. 52,465
. 5U,(X)0
. 48,538
. 43,889
. 40,273
. 34,277
. 31,186
. 28,842
. 2l),OUO
. 20,000
. 12,519
. 12,000
9,761
7,994
6,857
4,837
2. ARRANGED IN ORDER OF DENSITY OF POPULATION.
The following table gives the average population on one square mile in every country.
Pop. on the 8q. Wile.
District of Columbia ................ 2308.9
Hamburg ........................... 1956.3
Bremen ............................. 1480.7
Lubeck .............................. 453.6
Belgium ................ . ............. 438.2
Saxony .............................. 419.3
China (proper) ....................... 346.1
Reuss, elder line ..................... 302.6
Netherlands ......................... 280.2
Hesse-Darmstadt .................... 277.3
Saxe-Altenburg ...................... 277.3
Reuss, younger line .................. 275.3
Lippe-Detmoldt ........... . .......... 254.2
Baden ............................... 242.7
Great Britain ...................... 242.1
Wurtemberg ......................... 236.1
Japan ................................ 234.3
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha .................. 222.0
Italy ................. . ............... 221.9
Brunswick ........................... 212.9
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen ......... 203.3
Saxe-Weimar ........................ 201.6
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt ............. 200.7
Anhalt ............................... 192.0
Saxe-Meiningen ..................... 188.6
North German Confederation ........ 186.7
Schaumburg-Lippe ................... 182.4
France ............................... 182.3
Prussia .............................. 177.0
Bavaria .............................. 164.2
Massachusetts ....................... 162.4
Switzerland .......................... 159.6
Papal States ......................... 158.8
Austria .............................. 147.9
Rhode Island ........................ 141.6
Waldeck ............................. 131.2
Lichtenstein ..................... ... .128.9
Oldenburg ........................... 127.8
India ................................ 124.0
Portugal ............................. 114.5
Denmark ............................ 109.1
Mecklenburg-Schwerin .............. 108.0
Chinese Empire ...................... 101.6
Connecticut ...................... ____ 98.2
Mecklenburg-Strelitz ............... 93.8
New Jersey .......................... 88.7
Spain ................................ &3.3
Spa
Ne
ew York
82.6
AT. Pop. on the Sq. MUe.
49. Andorra 80.5
50. Liberia 75.0
51. Greece 69.6
52. Pennsylvania 63.2
53. Maryland 61.7
54. Ohio 58.5
55. Hayti 56.0
56. Delaware 52.9
57. Servia 50 8
58. Indiana 39.9
59. British Empire 39.4
60. Illinois 38.6
61. New Hampshire 35.1
62. Virginia 32 9
63. Kentucky 30.8
64. Vermont 30.8
65. Feejee Islands 24.9
66. Tennessee 24.3
67. Sweden 24.3
68. Madagascar 21.5
69. Turkish Empire 20.9
70. Tunis 20.7
71. South Carolina 20.7
72. North Carolina 19.6
73. Abyssinia 18.9
74. Missouri 18.8
75. Alabama 18.7
76. Georgia 18.2
77. Maine 17.9
78. Louisiana 17.1
79. Mississippi 16.8
80. West Virginia 16.4
81. Iowa 16.4
82. Chili 15.7
83. Afghanistan 15.5
84. Central America 14.9
85. Wisconsin 14.4
86. Norway 14.2
87. Michigan 14.2
88. Independent Tartary 12.3
89. Beloochistan 12.1
90. Egypt 11.3
91. Morocco 10.6
92. Mexico 10.6
93. Paraguay 10.6
94. Russian Empire 9.9
95. United States 9.7
96. Persia 8.8
606
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
AT. Pop. on the Sq. MUe.
97. Arkansas 8.3 114.
98. Sandwich Islands 8.2 115.
99. U. S. of Colombia 8.2 110.
100. San Doiniugo 7.6 117.
101. Ecuador 6.0 118.
102. Venezuela 5.9 119.
103. Florida 5.9 120.
104. Uruguay . 5.2 121.
105. Peru 4.9 122.
106. Minnesota 4.8 123.
107. Bolivia 3.7 124.
108. Brazil 3.6 125.
109. California 2.5 126.
110. Texas 2.4 127.
111. Tripoli 2.2 128.
112. Argentine Republic 1.8 129.
113. Transvaal Republic 1.5 130.
AT. Pop. on the Sq. Mile.
1.8
1.0
1.0
Kansas
Orange Free State
British North America
New Mexico
Utah
Australian Continent
Oregon
Montana
Colorado
Nebraska
Washington . . .
Idaho
Arizona "
Indian Territory
Nevada
Dakota
Wyoming
3. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.
The figures in columns under "Area," "Pop.
country and state in the preceding tables, thus
ranks No. 34, and in order of Population No. 30 ;
Pop.
Density
of Pop.
..73
..83
..75
..49
..24
1. Abyssinia 34 30. . .
2. Afghanistan 22 26. . .
3. Alabama 67 63. . .
4. Andorra 125. ... 125. ..
5. Anhalt 114.... 94...
6. Argentine Republic 11 .... 47. ... 112
7. Arizona 44. . . .123. . . .126
8. Arkansas 66. ... 82. ... 97
9. Australian Continent. ... 7. ... 52. .. .119
10. Austria 24 8 34
11. Baden 102 48 14
12. Bavaria 83.... 23.... 30
13. Belgium 91.... 22.... 5
14. Beloochistan 32. ... 42. ... 89
15. Bolivia 16.... 43. ...107
16. Brazil 6 16 108
17. Bremen 128.. ..104.. .. 3
18. British North America.. 5 28 116
19. British Empire 3 4...
20. Brunswick 110 91...
21. California 29. ... 80. ..
22. Central America 30.... 34...
23. Chili 39.... 41...
24. Cbina (proper) 10 2. . .
25. Chinese Empire 2.... 1...
26. Colombia, U. S. of 19. ... 31. ..
27. Colorado 47. . . .119. . .
28. Columbia, District of. . . .130. . . .100. . .
29. Connecticut 105 81 ...
30. Dakota 35 129. . .
31. Delaware 109. . . .102. . .
32. Denmark 89 46. ..
33. Ecuador 26 53. ..
34. Egypt 13..
19..
59
20
109
84
82
7
43
99
122
1
44
129
56
41
101
90
65
103
ypt
35. Feejee Islands 97. ... 93. .
36. Florida 60. ... 86.
37. France 27 7.
38. Georgia 61 .... 60. ... 76
39. Great Britain 42 12 15
40. Greece 86. ... 50. ... 51
41. Hamburg 124. ... 90. ... 2
42. Hayti 94.... 78.... 55
43. Hesse-Darmstadt 107.... 65.... 10
44. Idaho 49.. ..122.. ..125
45. Illinois 63. ... 40. ... 60
46. Independent Tartary .... 14.... 18.... 88
47. India 9.... 3.... 39
48. Indiana 82.... 49.... 58
49. Indian Territory 57 .... 126 .... 127
50. Iowa 64.... 64.... 81
" and "Density of Pop.," give the rank of each
: Abyssinia, in the first table, in order of Area
in the second table— Density of Pop., No. 73.
Density
Area. Pop. of Pop.
51. Italy 46.... 13.... 19
52. Japan 36 9... 17
53. Kansas 53.. ..105.. ..11 1
54. Kentucky 79 57 63
55. Liberia 95 71 . 50
56. Liechtenstein 129. ... 127. ... 37
57. Lippe-Detmold 118 103 13
58. Louisiana 75 72. . 78
59. Lubeck 127.. ..116.. .. 4
60. Madagascar 25 21 OS
61. Maine 80 76 77
62. Maryland 92 74. ... 53
63. Massachusetts 98 54. .. 3i
64. Mecklenburg-Schwerin.104.... 79.... 42
65. Mecklenburg-Strelitz...ll3....106.... 45
66. Mexico 12 17... 1)2
67. Michigan 62.... 66.... MT
68. Minnesota 52 83 106
69. Mississippi 70 67. 79
70. Missouri 59.... 56.... 74
71. Montana 37 112 lr>l
72. Morocco 21 33 1)1
73. Nebraska 55. . . .121. . . .123
74. Netherlands 90 29 9
75. Nevada 45.... 128.. ..128
76. New Hampshire 96.... 87.... 61
77. New Jersey 100 75. . 4(5
78. New Mexico 41.. . .108.. ..117
79. New York 71 .... 27. ... 48
80. North Carolina 68 61. . 72
81. No. German Confcd. ... 33. ... 11 .... 26
82. Norway 43 45 86
83. Ohio 76.... 38.... 54
84. Oldenburg 108.... 88.... 38
85. Orange Free State 69 115 115
86. Oregon 48. .. .114.. ..120
87. Papal States 106. ... 70. ... 33
88. Paraguay 40 51 98
89. Pennsylvania 72 .... 32 .... 52
90. Persia 15.... 20.... 96
91. Peru 17 36 105
92. Portugal 78.... 24.... 40
93. Prussia 38.... 14.... 29
94. Reuss, elder line 126 117 8
95. Reuss, younger line 122 107 12
96. Rhode Island 112.... 95.... 35
97. Russian Empire 1 5 94
98. San Domingo 87 99 100
99. Sandwich Islands 99.. ..111.. .. 98
100. Saxe-Altenburg 117.... 98.... 11
1869.]
TABLES OF COMPARATIVE STATISTICS.
607
101. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 116. . .
10-2. Saxe-Meiniugen 115. . .
103. Saxe-Weimar Ill . . .
104. Saxony 103...
105. Schaumburg-Lippe 123. ..
106. Schwarzl/g-Ruclolstadt.iaO. . .
107. Schwarzburg-Sonders-
hausen 121 . . .
108. Servia 85...
10!). South Carolina 81 . . .
110. Spain 28. ..
111. Sweden 31 . . .
112. Switzerland 88. .,
113. Tennessee 74. .
114. Texas 23...
115. Transvaal Republic 54..
Density
Pop. of Pop.
. 97 18
%.... 25
, 92.... 22
.37.... 6
.120.... 27
.109.... 23
.110.... 21
. 59.... 57
. 73.... 71
. 15.... 47
. 25.... 67
. 35.... 32
. 58.... 66
. 77.... 110
.101.... 113
Density
116. Tripoli
Area.
.. 20
Pop. i
. 69..
f Fop.
Ill
117 Tunis
73
62
70
118. Turkish Empire
119. U. S. of America...
120 Uruguay
... 8..
... 4..
58
.. 6..
.. 10..
85
. 69
. 9.1
104
121. Utah
122. Venezuela
123 Vermont
... 50..
... 18..
. . 93
..118..
.. 39..
89
.118
.102
<>4
124 Virginia
55
62
125. Waldeck
12(i. Washington
127 West Virginia
. .119..
. .56..
84
..113..
..124..
84
.. 36
..124
80
128. Wisconsin
129. Wurtembcrg
130. Wyoming ...
. .65..
. .101..
. 51..
.. 68..
.. 44..
..130..
.. 85
.. 16
130
III. LARGE CITIES OF THE WORLD.
1. CITIES CONTAINING MORE THAN 100,000 INHABITANTS.
The following table gives all the cities of the world which contain 100,000 inhabitants and up
wards, their population, and the year of the latest census, respectively. The rank of each
among the cities of the country in which it is situated, is indicated by a figure in parenthesis,
immediately following the name of the country.
Yarkand, China. (10) ,800,000
Benares, East India, (6) 200.000
Hyderabad, East India, (7) 200,000
Jongping, China, (11) 200,000
Tientsin, China, (12) 200,000
Tschungking, China, (13) 200,000
Wutschang, China, (14) 200,000
. .1,000,000 Milan, Italy, (2) 19(5,109 (1861 .)
. .1,000,000 (1863.) Bordeaux, France. (4) 194.241 (1866.)
Cincinnati, United States, (7). . 193,253 (1866.)
London, England, (1) 3,082,372 (1867.)
Soochow, China, (1) 2,000.000
Paris, France, (1) 1,825,274 (1866.)
Pekin, China, (2) 1,648,814 (1845.)
Jeddo, Japan, (1) 1,554,848
Canton, China, (3) 1,236.000
Constantinople. Turkey, (1) . .1,075,000 (1864.)
Calcutta, East India, (1)
Tchang-tchan-fu, China, (4),
Osaka, Japan, (2) 1,000.000
Bombay, East India, (2) 816,562 (1854.)
Hankow, China, (5) 800,000
New York. United States, (1).. 726,386 (1865.)
Berlin, Prussia, (1) 702,437 (1867. )
Philadelphia. United States, (2) 622,082 (1866.)
Foochow, China, (6) 600,000
Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, (1) 600,000
Vienna, Austria, (1) 578.525 (1864.)
St. Petersburg. Russia, (1). ... 539.122 (1864.)
Bangkok, Siam, (1) 500,000
Liverpool, England, (2) 492.439 (1867.)
Glasgow, Scotland. (1) 440,979 (1867.)
Madras, East India, (3) 427,771 (1803.)
Naples, Italy, (1) 418.968 (18(51.)
Ninsrpo, China, (7) 400,000 (1865.)
Shanghai, China, (8) 395,000
Manchester, England. (3) 302,823 (1867.)
Moscow, Russia. (2). 351,609 (1863.)
Birmingham, England, (4) 343,948 (1867.)
Lyons, France, (2) 323,954 (1866.)
Dublin, Ireland, (1) 319,210 (1867.)
Marseilles, France, (3) 300,131 (1866.)
Lucknow, East India, (4) 300,000
Madrid, Spain, (1) 298,426 (1860.)
Patna, East India, (5) 284,132
Brooklyn, United States, (3). . . 266,661 (1860.)
Amsterdam, Holland, (1) 264,498 (1864.)
Cairo, Egypt, (1) 256,700 (1862.)
Amoy, China, (9) 250,000
Warsaw, Poland, (1) 243,512 (1865.)
Baltimore, United States, (4). . 239,070 (1866.)
Leeds, England, (5) 232,428 (1867.)
Lisbon, Portugal, (1) 224,063 (1863.)
Sheffield, England, (6) 222,199 (1867.)
Rome, Papal States, (1) 215,573 (1867.)
Hamburg, Germany, (1) 214,893 (1866.)
Mexico, Mexico, (1) 210,327 (1862.)
St. Louis, United States. (5) . . 204,327 (1866.)
Chicago, United States, (6) .... 200,418 (1866.)
Boston, United States, (8) 192.324 (1866.)
Kjong, Korea, (1) 190,027 (1793. )
Barcelona, Spain, (2) 189.948 (18(50.)
Brussels, Belgium, (1) 189.337 (1866.)
Turin, Italy, (3) 180.520 (1861 . )
Amritsir, East India, (8) 180,000 (18(56.)
Kagosima, Japan, (3) 180,000 (1868.)
Edinburgh, Scotland, (2) 170.081 (18(57.)
New Orleans, United States.(9) 168,675 (18(50.)
Palermo, Italy, (4) 1(57,625 (18(51 .)
Munich, Bavaria, (1) 167.054 (18(54.)
Breslau, Prussia, (2) 166,744 (1867. )
Bristol, England. (7) 1(55.572 (1867. )
Alexandria, Egypt, (2) 164,400 (1862.)
Manilla. Philippine Islands, (1).. 160.000
Dresden, Germany, (2) 155,971 (1867.)
Copenhagen, Denmark, (1) 155,143 (18(50.)
Lille, France, (5) 154,749 (1866.)
Delhi. East India, (9) 152,406
Adrianople, Turkey, (2) 150,000
Bokhara, Indepen. Tartary, (1).. 150,000
Jakoba. Africa, (1) 150,000
Joudpore, East India, (10) 150,000
Smyrna, Turkey, (3) 150,000
Tabreez, Persia, (1) 150,000
Tokat, Turkey, (4) 150.000
Tunis, Tunis, (1) 150.000
Urumtsi, China, (15) 150,000
Havana, Cuba, (1) 146,989 (1859.)
Moorshedabad, East India, (11). 146,963
Prague, Austria, (2) 142,588 (1857.)
Bangalore, East India, (12) 140,000
Baroda, East India, (13) 140,000
Stockholm, Sweden, (1) 138,189 (1866.)
Pesth, Hungaria, (1) 131,705 (1857.)
San Francisco, U. S., (10) 131.000 (1867.)
Ahmedabad, East India, (14). . . .130,000
Genoa, Italy. (5) 127,986 (1861.)
Toulouse, France, (6) 126,936 (1866.)
608
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Melbourne, Australia, (1) 1-26,536 (1861.)
Ghent, Belgium, (2) 126,333 (1866.)
Cologne, Prussia, (3) 126,203 (1867.)
Agra, East India, (15) 125,262
Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, (8). 124, 900 (1867.)
Antwerp, Belgium, (3) 123,498 (1866.)
Bukharest, Turkey, (5) 121,734 (I860.)
Lima, Peru, (1) 121,362
Buenos Ayres. Arg. Repub.(l). . .120,000
Damascus, Turkey, (6) 120,000
Teheran, Persia, (2) 120,000
Belfast, Ireland, (2) 119,718 (1861.)
Odessa, Russia, (3) 118,970 (1863.)
Sevilla, Spain, (3) 118,298 (1860.)
Venice, Italy, (6) 118,172 (1857.)
Santiago, Chili, (1) 115,377 (1865.)
Rotterdam, Holland, (2) 115,277 (1866.)
Salford, England, (9) 115,013 (18(57.)
Florence, Italy, (7) 114,363 (1861.)
Nantes, France, (7) 111,956 (1866.)
Bareilly, East India, (16) 111,332
Nagpore, East India, (17) 111,231
Cawnpore, East India, (18) 108,796
Valencia, Spain, (4) 107,703 (1860.)
Hull, England, (10) 100,740 (1807.)
Bradford, England, (11) 100,218 (1801.)
Liege, Belgium, (4) 104,905 (1800.)
Trieste, Austria, (3) 10-1,707 (1.857.)
Magdeburg, Prussia, (4) 103,981 (1807.)
Riga, Russia, (4) 102,043 (1807.)
Kouigsberg, Prussia, (5) 101,507 (1804.)
Stoke-upon-Trent, England, (12)101,207 (1861.)
Rouen, France, (8) 100.671 (1866.)
Abeokuta, Africa, (2) 100,000
Aleppo, Turkey, (7) 100,000
Bey root, Turkey, (8) 100,000
Bhurtpore, East India, (19) 100,000
Dhar, East India, (20) 100,000
Erzertun, Turkey, (9) 100,000
Fyzabad, East India, (21) 100,000
llama, Turkey, (10) 100,000
Herat, Affghanistan, (1) 100,000
Kaschan, Persia, (3) 100,000
Kumosi, Africa, (3) 100,000
Morocco, Morocco, (1) 100,000
Taschkend, Russia, (5) 100,000
2. CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE CONTAINING LESS THAN 100,000 AND MORE
THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS.
Saint-Etienne, France 96,620 (1866.)
Portsmouth. England 94,799 (1861.)
Malaga, Spain 94,732 (1860.)
Buffalo, United States 94,592 (1865.)
Kishinef, Russia 94.124 (1863.)
Leipzic, Germany 91,598 (1867.)
Dundee, Scotland 90,417 (1861.)
Dantzic, Prussia 90,337 (1864.)
Bologna, Italy 89,850 (1861.)
Murcia, Spain 87,803 (1860.)
Hague, Netherlands 87,801 (1866.)
Newark, United States 87,413 (1865.)
Oporto, Portugal 86,257 (1803.)
Saratof, Russia 84.391 (1863.)
Strasbourg. France 84,167 (1866.)
Merthyr Tydfil 83,875 (1861.)
Livorno, Italy 83,543 (1861.)
Preston, England 82,985 (1861.)
Brest, France 79,847 (1866.)
Hanover, Prussia 79,649 (1864.)
Cork, Ireland 78,892 (1861.)
Frankfort-on-thc-Main 78,245 (1864.)
Sunderland, England 78,211 (18(51.)
Brighton, England 77,693 (1861.)
Toulon, France 77,126 (1866.)
Havre, France 74,900 (186(5.)
Norwich, England 74.891 (1861.)
Aberdeen. Scotland 74,891 (1861.)
Nottingham, England 74,693 (1861.)
Stettin, Prussia 73,602 (18(57.)
Oldham. England 72,333 (1861 .)
Nuremberg. Germany 71,798 (1867.)
Cadiz. Spain 71,521 (1860.)
Bremen, Germany 70,692 (18(54.)
Bolton, England 70,395 (1861.)
Lemberg, Austria 70,384 (1857.)
Sokmiki, Turkey 70,000
Vilna, Russia 69,464 (1863.)
Stuttgart, Germany 69,084 (1864.)
Kief, Russia 68,424 (18(53.)
Leicester, England 68,056 (1861.)
Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia 67,923 (1807.)
Zaragoza, Spain 07,428 (1860.)
Granada 07,326 (1860.)
Jassy, Rumania 65,745 (1800.)
Christiania, Norway 05,513 (1865.)
Roubaix, France (55,091 (18(50.)
Catania, Italy 64,921 (1861.)
Barmen, Prussia 64.865 (1867.
Elberfeld, Prussia 64,732 (1867.
Nikolaief, Russia 64,567 (1863.
Gratz, Austria 63,175 (1857.
Blackburn, England 03,126 (1861.)
Kasan, Russia 63,084 (1803 )
Dusseldorf, Prussia 62,866 (1867.)
Szegedin, Hungary 02,700 (1857.)
Albany, United States 62,613 (1865.)
Plymouth, England 62,599 (1861.)
Messina, Italy 62.024 (1801.)
Washington, United States 01,122 (1805.)
Amiens. France 01.003 (1800.)
Wolyerhampton, England 00.800 (1801.)
Rheims. France 00,734 (1800.)
Nimes, France 60,240 (1866.)
Verona, Italy 59.169 (1857.)
Chemnitz, Germany 58,942 (1867.)
Brunn. Austria 58,809 (1857.)
Muhlhouse, France 58,773 (1866.)
Utrecht, Netherlands 58,007 (1800.
Tula, Russia 56,739 (1863.
Montpellier, France 55,006 (I860.
Milwaukee. United States 55,000 (1865.
Metz, France 54,817 (1866 ')
Angers, France 54,791 (1866.)
Stockport, England 54.681 (1861.)
Providence, United States 54.595 (1865.)
Carthagena, Spain 54,315 (I860.)
C refold, Prussia 53,837 (1867.)
Padua, Italy 53,584 (1857.)
Maria-Theresiopel 53,499 (1857.)
Posen, Hungary 53,383 (1864.)
Altona, Prussia 53,280 (1867 )
Berditschef, Russia 53,169 (1863.)
Limoges, France 53,022 (1800.)
Palma, Spain 53,019 (1800.)
Eath, England 53,528 (1861.)
Jerez de la Frontera 52,158 (I860.)
Kharkof, Russia 52,010 (1863.)
Birkenhead, England 51,047 (1861.)
Davenport, England 50,440 (1861.)
Nice, France 50,180 (I860.)
Serajevo, Turkey 50,000
Gallipoli, Turkey 50,000
Nancy, France 49,<)93 (1866.)
Bruges, Belgium 49,819 (1866.)
PAET IV.
RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD.
FOR a correct understanding of the following tables of ecclesiastical sta
tistics, it is of importance to distinguish between active and nominal mem
bers of a religious denomination. Full accuracy can only be obtained with
regard to actual membership, but our knowledge of this class of statistics is
becoming more and more accurate, as the number of churches which make an
enumeration of their members is increasing. On the other hand, religious sta
tistics of population can only consist of estimates. They include the population
which lives and grows up under the influence of a particular religious belief.
Formerly, most governments of the world required all their subjects to be
connected with some particular religious denomination, and official censuses
contained ecclesiastical as well as political statistics ; but as religion is being
more generally recognized as a free act of every citizen which does not con
cern the state government, the holding of ecclesiastical censuses has been
altogether discontinued in several countries, as in the United States and
Great Britain. The official censuses of these countries include, however,
statistics of places of worship, of church sittings, and many other facts
which are of use in forming a reasonable estimate of the religious belief of
the population.
I. — CREEDS OF THE WORLD.
The total population of the world is now estimated at 1,375,000,000. In
1859, one of the ablest statisticians of Europe, Professor Dieterici, of Berlin,
taking 1,300,000,000 as the total population of the world, classified them as
follows: Christians, 335,000,000; Jews, 5,000,000; East Asiatic religions,
000,000,000 ; Mohammedans, 160,000,000 ; Pagans, 200,000,000. On the basis
of the larger estimate of the present population of the world, we give the
number belonging to each of the principal denominations, as near as can be
obtained from the most trustworthy sources of information.
Christians 380,000,000 Pagans 200,000,000
Buddhist? 3(10,000,000 Mohammedans 165,000,000
Other Asiatic religions 260,000,000 Jews 7,000,000
Christianity is the prevailing religion in every country of America and
Europe, in Australia and in many of the islands of Polynesia. In Europe,
one country — Turkey, is under a non-Christian government, but the great
majority of the inhabitants in the European provinces are Christians. In
Africa, Abyssinia and Liberia are independent Christian States, and besides,
Christianity prevails in a number of colonies belonging to European States.
39 609
610 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1800.
The largest empire of Asia — Russia, is also a Christian country. India, the
third country in point of extent, is under the rule of a Christian government,
and so is a large portion of Farther India.
The Mohammedan countries in Asia, are Turkey, Persia, Aifghanistan, and
the Khanates of Central Asia ; in Africa — Morocco, the dependencies of
Turkey, (Egypt, Tunis, Tripoli,) and a number of interior states.
Buddhism prevails in India, Farther India, in many parts of China, and in
Japan. The governments of Japan, Burmah, and Siam are Buddhist ; the
government of China adheres to the religion of Confucius.
II. — GENERAL STATISTICS OF CHRISTIANITY.
1. Divisions of Christianity.
It is common to divide the Christian churches into three groups :
(1.) Tlie lioman Catholic Church. This church is apparently one organ
ization, and the recognition of the Pope as the head of the entire church is
an article of faith. There is one religious organization in Holland, (the Jan-
sensits,) who, while they claim to belong to the Roman Catholic church, are
not recognized by the Pope. Besides, in the Roman Catholic countries of
Europe there are many millions whose connection with the Roman Catholic
church is only nominal. The attitude of the Parliaments of Italy, Austria,
Belgium, Portugal and other states is a conclusive proof of this.
(2.) The Eastern or Oriental Churches. This group embraces the follow
ing denominations : The Greek Church, the Armenian Church, the Nestori-
ans, the Jacobites, the Copts, and the Abyssinians. All of them recognize
the first (Ecumenical council of Nice, and have bishops for whom they claim
an apostolic succession.
(3.) The Protestant Churches. All the churches not belonging to one of
the two preceding groups, are generally comprised under the collective name
of Protestants. We must not omit to state that there are parties in some of
the denominations, classed under this head, which protest against the appli
cation of this name to them. Thus in the established church of England,
and the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States, there is a party
which desires to be placed in the second, instead of the third of our groups.
If their church should adopt this view, our second group should be desig
nated as The Episcopal churches with Apostolic Succession. But for the pre
sent we follow the long-established usage, and without prejudging the pro
priety of the technical names, retain the classification which has been com
monly adopted by statisticians. The subdivisions of Protestantism are nu
merous, and we speak of them below.
2. The Roman Catholic, the Eastern and the Protestant Churches.
The following tables contain, as nearly as can be ascertained, the statistics
of the Roman Catholic, Eastern and Protestant Churches in every country
of the world. The total population is taken, in great part, from Belmvs
mphisches Jahrluch, vol. 2, (Gotha, 1868.)
1869.]
RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD.
611
AMERICA.
Total Population. Roman Catholic.
Protestant.
East. Church.
rnited States, (including Alaska)
34,560,000 5.000,000. . .
27,000,000.
10,000
Mexico
8,218,080
8,200,000...
5,000.
Central American Republics
United States of Columbia
2,665,000 2,660,000. . .
2,920,473 2,890,000. . .
5,000.
.... 10,000.
Venezuela
2,200,000
2,200,000...
Ecuador
1,300,000
1,250,000...
Peru
2,500,000
2.400,000...
2,000.
Bolivia
1.987,352
1,750,000. .
Chili
2,084.960
1,950,000. .
20,000.
Brazil
11,780,000
...11,100,000. .
... 100,000.
Argentine Republic
1,465,000 1,340,000. .
20,000.
Paraguay
1,337,431
1,337,000. .
Uruguay
350,000
237,000. .
3,000.
Hayti
572.000
560,000...
10,000.
San Domingo
136,500
135,000...
1,000.
Brit. No. America— (Domin. of Ca
tiada,
Pr. Edwards Isl., Newfoundland,
Brit.
Columbia, Red River Col., Bermuda). 3,880,000
Other British Possessions 1,130,910
...1,700,000...
150,000...
.... 2,100,000.
600,000.
Danish Possessions, (Greenland
, St.
Thomas, St. John, St. Cruz)
48,231
9,200...
.... 38,000.
French Possessions
315,677
314,000...
1,000.
Spanish "
1,979,838
1,977,000...
2,000.
Dutch "
92,521
32,000...
.... 40,000.
Swedish "
2,898
800...
2,000.
Patagonia and Fireland
30,000
81,556,871
47,192,000
29,959,000
10,000
EUROPE.
Total Population. Roman Catholic.
Protestant.
East. Church.
Portugal
A/ores and Madeira
3,987.861 | A vAn n-v,
.... 363.658f 4,340,000...
7,000.
Spain ...
....16,302,625
16,280,000...
10,000.
Andorra
12,000
12,000...
France
38,192,094
36.000.000...
1,600,000.
North German Confederation
....29,910,377
7,875,000...
20,682,000.
. . . . 2,000
South German States
.... 8,611,523
4,935.000...
8,351,000.
Austria
....85,653,000
27,000,000...
3,600,000.
....3,200,000
Italy
....24,368.787
24,000.000...
60,000.
Papal States
.... 723.121
710,000...
1,000.
San Marino
5,700
5.700...
Monaco
1,887
1,800...
Switzerland
2,510,494
.. 1,023,000...
1,482,000.
Holland
Luxemburg
.... 3,552,665 } . AKn ^
• 1991958 f 1,450,000...
2,200,000.
Belgium
. .. 4.984,451
4,850,000...
25,000.
Great Britain
Heligoland, Gibraltar and Malta
. . 29,321,288
. . 163,683
6,100,000...
23,400,000.
Denmark
Faroe and Iceland
1,608,095
. . 75,909
1,000...
1,675,000.
Sweden
Norway
. . 4,070,061
. . 1,701,478
- 5,000...
5,760,000.
Turkey
... 13,544,0001
Rumania
Servia
. . . 3,864,848 1 700 ^
.... 1,078,281 | 100,000...
50,000.
..12,500,000
Montenegro
.... 196,238 J
Greece
Ionian Islands
.... 1,096,8101 fionno
.... 251,712 [ 60.000...
3,000.
...1,270,000
Russia
....67,260,431
6,769,000...
4,122,000.
. .52,810,000
293,513,035
142,117,500
68,028,000
69,782,000
• ASIA.
Total Population
Roman Catholic.
Protestant.
East. Churcl..
Russian Possessions
.... 9,748,000.
25.000...
10,000.
. . .4,885,000
Turkish "
....16,463.000.
260.000...
10,000.
. . .3,000,000
Arabia
.... 4,000.000.
Persia
.... 5,000,000.
10,000...
2,000.
... 300,000
Afghanistan and Herat
.... 4,000,000.
Beloochistan
2,000,000.
Toorkistan
.... 7,870,000.
China and dependencies
. . .477,500.000.
700,000...
20,000.
1,000
612
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1809.
Japan
Total Population.
.. 35,000,000....
. .198,840,000 ) . .
2,049 728 V
Roman Catholic.
100,000
iJ600,000 ...
Protostunt.
.... 1,000..
500000
East. Church.
'.'.'. 300,000
East India and British Burmah
Ceylon
Farther India
. . 20,760,945 )
.. 27,078,804....
805,419,477
AFRICA
is estimated in
>llows :
2,000,000
4,695,000
1868, at 190,950,000.
Roman Catholic.
140,000
...170,000..
East India Islands
The total population of Africa \v*
Christian population are about as fc
British Possessions
713,000 8,486,000
The statistics of the
Protestant. East. Church.
500 000
French "
. 133 000
Portuguese "
439 000
10 ooo'
Spanish "
12,000...
. 100,000
Angola, Benguela, Mozambique. . .
Algeria
190 000
Egypt
50,000
10 000
... 200,000
.. .3,000,000
Abyssinia
30,000
Liberia
... 40,000..
Morocco and Fez
200...
. 10,000
Tunis and Tripoli
Madagascar
2,000
50000
Orange Free State
Transvaal Republic
. ... 15,000..
... 30,000..
•"•'•"
Kaffraria
Basutos
' j- 30,000..
1,106,200
685,000 3,200,000
AUSTRALIA AND POLYNESIA.
The total population of Australia according to the latest census was, 1,313,946 ; the population
of the islands is estimated at 2,823,925, total, 4,192,000.
The number of Roman Catholics in New South Wales, is 99,193; in South Australia, 15,594;
in Victoria, 107,610 ; in New Zealand, about 30,000 ; in the Sandwich Islands, 22,000. The total
number of Roman Catholics in Australia and Polynesia may be estimated at 350,000.
Nearly the whole population of the English Possessions, that is not Roman Catholic and
Jewish, may be set down as Protestant. This gives about 1,300,000 for Australia, Tasmania and
New Zealand. In the Sandwich, Fiji and other islands, there may be about 150,000. Total num
ber of Protestants, about 1,450,000.
America
Europe
Asia
Africa
Australia and Polynesia
RECAPITULATION — TOTAL.
Total Population. Roman Catholic.
81,400,000 47,192,000.
..293,000,000....
..805,400,000....
..191,000,000....
.. 4,200,000....
1,375,000,000
....143,117,000.
4,695,000.
.... 1,100,200.
1350,000.
195,400,200
Protestant.
29,959,000.
68,028,000.
713,000.
685.000.
1,450,000.
East. Church.
10,000
....69,782.000
8,486,000
3,200,000
100,835,000
81,478,000
III. THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
1. The Pope. The Pope, Pius IX., formerly Giovanni Maria di Mastai Ferretti, was born
at Sinigaglia on the 13th of May, 1792; elected Pope on the death of Gregory XVI., in 1846, and
crowned on the 21st of June of that year.
2. The Cardinals. There were, in November 1808, 57 Cardinals, of whom 5 were Cardinal
Bishops, 44 Cardinal Priests, and 8 Cardinal Deacons. Thirty-nine were Italian by birth, and
only 18 non-Italians, 7 French, 4 Spanish, 4 Germans, 1 Croatian, 1 Portuguese, and 1 Irish.
Among the new Cardinals created in 1868, was Prince Lucian Bonaparte, a cousin of the Em
peror of France.
3. Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops. According to the official Papal Almanac
(Annuario Pontiftcio) for 1867, the number of Patriarchates, Archbishoprics and Bishoprics in
the Roman Catholic Church amounted to 1,092. This includes all the prelates of the Oriental
Churches that are in communion with Rome — namely, those of the Armenian Catholics, the
Maronites, the Greek Catholics, the Syrians, the Bulgarian Greeks, and the Chaldeans.
The name Patriarch no longer signifies, as in the ancient Church, the head of one of the largest
1569.] RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. 613
divisions of the Church, but ie now chiefly a title. There are twelve prelates in the Roman
Catholic Church who bear this title, namely: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem,
Venice, West Indies, Lisbon, Antioch of the Greek Melchites, Antioch of the Maronites, Anti
och of the Syrians, Babylon of the Chaldeans, Cilicia of the Armenians. (The Patriarch of the
West Indies resides at the court of Madrid, and is Grand Almoner of the Sovereign, and Vicar-
General of the Army and the Fleet).
The following list contains the names of all Archbishoprics and the number of Bishoprics in
every country:
America. United States. Archbishoprics, 7 : New York, Baltimore, Cincinnati, St. Louis,
New Orleans, San Francisco, Oregon City. Bishoprics, 46, the dioceses (Archbishoprics and
the Bishoprics) are divided among the seven provinces as follows :
Province of Baltimore comprises the dioceses of Baltimore, Charleston, Erie, Harrisburg,
Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Richmond, Savannah, Scranton, Wheeling, and Wilmington, (Del.,)
with the vica'riates Apostolic of North Carolina and Florida, and extends over the District of
Columbia, and the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware. Virginia, North and South Caro
lina, Georgia, and the eastern section of Florida. Province of Cincinnati embraces the dioceses
of Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Covington, Detroit, Fort Wayne, Louisville, Marquette
and Vincennes. including the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Kentucky. Province of
New Orleans, La., comprises the dioceses of New Orleans, Galveston, Little Rock, Mobile, Nat
chez, and Natchitoches, and includes the States of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, and
Arkansas. Province of New York includes the dioceses of New York, Albany, Boston, Brook
lyn, Buffalo, Burlington, Hartford, Newark, Portland, Rochester, and includes New England,
New York, and New Jersey. Province of Oregon City includes the dioceses of Oregon City,
Nesqualy, Vancouver Island, and the vicariate of British Columbia. Province of St. Lords com
prises the dioceses of St. Louis, Alton, Chicago, Dubuque, Green Bay, La Crosse, Milwaukee,
Nashville, Santa Fe, St. Joseph, St. Paul, the vicariates apostolic of Kansas, the Indian Terri
tory, Nebraska, Idaho, Colorado and Montana, and embraces Missouri, Tennessee, Illinois,
Wisconsin. lown, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, Dacotah, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and
the Indian Territory. Province of San Francisco comprises the dioceses of San Francisco,
Grass Valley, Monterey, and Los Angelos, and embraces the States of California and Nevada,
and all the territory east to the Rio Colorado.
British Possessions. Archbishoprics, 3 : Quebec, Halifax, Port of Spain. Bishoprics, 16.
Mexico. Archbishoprics, 3 : Mexico, Guadalajara, Michoacan. Bishoprics, 11.
Central America. Archbishopric, 1 : Guatemala. Bishoprics, 4.
Spanish Possessions. Archbishopric, 1 : Santiago de Cuba. Bishoprics, 2.
French Possessions. Bishoprics, 2.
United States of Colombia. Archbishopric, 1 : Santa Fe de Bogota. Bishoprics, 6.
Venezuela. Archbishopric, 1 : Caraccas. Bishoprics, 3.
Ecuador. Archbishopric, 1 : Quito. Bishoprics, 2.
Bolivia. Archbishopric, 1 : Chuquisaca. Bishoprics, 3.
Peru. Archbishopric, 1 : Lima. Bishoprics, 5.
Argentine Confederation (including Buenos Ayres). Archbishopric,!: Buenos Ayrcs. Bish
oprics, 4.
BrazU. Archbishopric, 1 : Bahia. Bishoprics, 11.
ChUi. Archbishopric, 1 : Santiago. Bishoprics, 3.
Uruguay. Bishopric, 1.
Paraguay. Bishopric, 1.
Dominican Republic. Archbishopric, 1 : San Domingo.
Hayti. Archbishopric, 1 : Port-au-Prince.
Europe. Italy and Papal States. Archbishoprics, 46: Acercnza et Matera, Amalfl, Bari,
Benevento, Bologna, Brindisi, Cagliari, Camerino, Capua, Chieti, Conza, Cosenza, Fermo, Fer-
rara, Florence, Gaeta, Genoa, Lanciano, Lucca, Manfredonia, Messina, Milan, Modena, Monreale,
Naples, Oristano, Otranto, Palermo, Pisa, Ravenna, Rcggio, Rossano, Salerno et Acerno, Sas-
sari, St. Severina, Siena, Sorrento, Spoleto, Syracuse, Tarento, Trani et Nazaret, Turin, Urbino,
Udine, Vercelli, Venice. Bishoprics, 202.
France. Archbishoprics, 17 : Besancon, Bordeaux, Chambery, Lyons et Vienne, Paris, Rheimi?,
Aix, Albi, Auch, Avignon, Bourges, Cambray, Rennes, Rouen, Sens et Auxerre, Toulouse et
Narbonne, Tours. Bishoprics (exclusive of the Colonies), 65.
Spain (inclusive of the Balearic and Canarian Islands). Archbishoprics, 9: Burgos, Santiago,
Grenada, Saragossa, Toledo, Tarragona, Sevilla, Valencia, Valladolid. Bishoprics, 50.
614 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Portugal (exclusive of Madeira, and the Azores, for which see Africa). Archbishoprics, 3 ;
Lisbon, Braga, Evora. Bishoprics, 14.
Belgium. Archbishopric, 1 ; Malines. Bishoprics, 5.
Holland. Archbishopric, 1 ; Utrecht. Bishoprics, 4.
Great Britain. Archbishoprics, 6; Westminster (England) ; Armagh, Cashel, Tuani, Dublin,
(Ireland) ; Malta. Bishoprics, England, 12 ; Ireland, 24.
Austria. Archbishoprics, 14; Agram, Colocza, Erlau, Fogaras (Greek), Gran, Goeritz et
Gradisca, Lemburg (one Latin, one Greek, and one Armenian), Olmutz, Prague, Saleburg,
Vienna, Zara. Bishoprics, 47 (among which are seven of the United Greeks).
Prussia. Archbishoprics, 2 ; Cologne, Posen et Gnesen. Bishoprics, 10.
Bavaria. Archbishoprics, 2 ; Munich, Bamberg. Bishoprics, 6.
Baden. Archbishopric, 1 ; Freiburg.
Other German States. Bishoprics, 2.
Switzerland. Bishoprics, 5.
Russia (including Poland). Archbishoprics, 3; Mohilew, Polocz (United Greek), Warsaw,
Poland. Bishoprics, Russia, 10 ; Poland, 8.
Turkey. Bishoprics, 6 ; Vicariates Apostolic, 6. Archbishoprics (including 1 Patriarchate),
5 ; Antivari, Durazzo, Scopia (administered by a Bishop in partibus, f s Administrator Apos
tolic) ; Constantinople, Latin Patriarchate, administered by a Provicar Apostolic ; Constanti
nople, Armenian Archbishop Primate.
Greece. Archbishoprics, 2: Corfu, Naxos. Bishoprics, 5.
Asia. Turkey. Archbishoprics, 18 ; Aleppo (United Syrian Archbishopric) ; Amadie
(Chaldean Archbishopric) ; Antioch, 4 patriarchs, (1 Latin, 1 Melchite, 1 Maronite, 1 Syrian) :
Babylon, 2, (1 Chaldean Patriarch, 1 Latin Archbishopric) ; Cilicia, 1 Armenian Patriarch ;
Damascus, 3, (1 Maronite Archbishopric, 1 Syrian Archbishopric, 1 Greek Archbishopric, admin
istered by the Greek Patriarch of Antioch) ; Jerusalem, 1 Latin Patriarch ; Smyrna, Tyre, 1
Melchite Archbishopric ; Seleucia, 3 (Chaldean, Armenian, Syrian). Bishoprics, Latin rite, 2 ;
Greek, 9 ; Chaldean, 4 ; Armenian, 9 ; Syrian, 8 ; Maronite, 6. Total, 38.
Persia. Bishoprics, 4 ; 1 Armenian, 1 Latin (connected at present with Babylon, Turkey),
2 Chaldean.
India. Archbishopric, 1 ; Goa. Bishoprics, 3.
Spanish Possessions (Philippine Islands). \ Archbishopric, 1. Bishoprics, 3.
China. Bishopric, 1.
Africa. Archbishopric, 1 ; Algiers. Bishoprics, Portuguese possessions, 5; French posses
sions, 4; English possessions, 1; Spanish possessions (including the See of Tangier), 2.
Australasia and Polynesia. Archbishoprics. Sidney,!. Bishoprics, 8.
VicariatJis Apostolic, 7 ; the groups of Mangareva, Tahiti, Paumotoo ; the Sandwich Islands ;
the Marquesas group ; Central Oceanica ; the Navigators1 Islands ; New Caledonia ; Melanesia
and Micronesia.
4. (Ecumenical Councils. The Catholic Church recognizes nineteen General or (Ecu
menical Councils, the first of which was that of the Apostles, at Jerusalem, A. D. 50. The others
were held as follows: 1st of Nice, in Bithynia, A. D. 325 ; 1st of Constantinople, A. D. 381 : 1st
of Ephesus, A. D. 431 ; Chalcedon, A. D. 451 ; 2d of Constantinople, A. D. 533 ; 3d of Constanti
nople, A. D. (580 ; 2d of Nice, A. D. 787 ; 4th of Constantinople, A. D. 869 ; 4 councils of Lateran,
Rome, A. D. 1123, 1139, 1179, and 1215 ; 1st and 2d of Lyons, A. D. 1245, 1274 ; Vienna, in Dau-
phiny, A. D. 1311 ; Constance, A. D. 1414; Basle, A. D. 1431 ; Trent, A. D. 1545.
The Councils of Pisa in 1409, of Florence in 1439, and the 5th of the Lateran, in 1512, are re
garded by some as ceecumenical. The conference of 1854, when the dogma of the immaculate
conception was proclaimed, was not an oacumenical council.
A new (Ecumenical Council has been called by Pope Pius IX. to meet at Rome, on December
8, 1869.
5. National and Provincial Councils and Diocesan Synods. Meetings of all the
bishops of a country under the presidency of one of the Archbishops who either has the title
of Primate, or has been designated by the Pope as the first among the Archbishops, are called
National Councils. In the United States a National Council is to meet every tenth year. The
last was held in 1866, at Baltimore, under the presidency of the Archbishop of Baltimore.
Provincial Councils are the meetings of the bishops belonging to an ecclesiastical province,
under the presidency of the Archbishop of the Piovince.
Diocesan Synods are the meetings of the clergy of a diocese, under the presidency of the
Bishop of the diocese.
1869.] RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. Cl«l
6. Monastic Orders. The fullest statistics of the monastic institutions of the Roman
Catholic Church are to he found in the work, Statistiscfies Jakibuck der Kirche (Statistical Year-
Book of the Church : Ratisbon, 1803). The author, a Carmelite monk, gives, in alphabetical
arrangement, a list of all male and female monastic orders, and, under the head of each order,
similarly arranged, the names of all monasteries existing at that time. He estimates the
number of male monasteries and establishments at 8,000, and the aggregate number of their
members at 117,500. The number of female monasteries and establishments is estimated at
10,000, and the aggregate number of their members at 189.000.
The following are the statistics of some of the principal male Monastic orders : Franciscans,
50,000; School Brethren, 16,000; Jesuits, 8,000; Congregations for nursing the sick, 6,000; Ben
edictines, 5,000; Dominicans, 4,000; Carmelites, 4,000; Trappists, 4,000; Lazarists, 2,000;
Piarists, 2,000; Redemptorists, 2,000.
IV. THE ORIENTAL CHURCHES.
The Greek Church. This is by far the most numerous among the Oriental Churches. It
consists of 10 different groups, which in point of administration are independent of each other,
namely :
1. The Patriarchate of Jerusalem; which has 13 Sees, (Metropolitical and 1 Archiepiscopal).
2. The Patriarchate of Antioch; 6 Mctropolitical Sees. 3. The Patriarchate of Alexandria:
4 Metropolitical Sees. 4. The Patriarchate of Constantinople ; 1:35 Sees (90 Metropolitical and 4
Archiepiscopal). 5. The Patriarchate of Russia; 65 Sees (5 Metropolitical, 25 Archiepiscopal).
6. The Patriarchate of Cyprus ; 4 Sees, (of which 1 is Archiepiscopal). 7. The Patriarchate oi
Austria; 11 Sees, (2 Metropolitical). 8. The Patriarchate of Mt. Sinai ; 1 See. 9. The Patri
archate of Montenegro ; 1 Metropolitical Sec. 10. The Patriarchate of Greece ; 24 Sees. (The
Archbishop of Athens is ex offlcio President of the Holy Synod).
The statistics of the Greek Church, reported in 1867, were as follows: Russia, total, 57.161,000;
Turkey, inclusive of the dependencies in Europe and Egypt, 13,300,000; Austria, 3,200,000;
Greece, (inclusive of the Ionian Islands), 1,270.000; North German Confederation, 2,000 ; Uni
ted States of America, 10,000; China, 1,000: total, 74.944,000.
The Armenian Church. The number of Armenians is estimated by Dr. Petermaun,
one of the highest authorities on ethnographical subjects, at 2,500,000. Of these, about 100,000
are connected with Rome (United Armenians). 15,000 are Evangelical Armenians, and all the
others belong to the National (or Gregorian) Armenian Church. Of late, efforts have been made
both in Russia and Turkey to prepare the way for a union of the Armenian with the Greek
Church. Russia, according to an official report of the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment, had
in 1851, 22,253 Catholic (united) Arrnenians, and 372,535 '• Gregorian " (non-united) Armenians.
According to a later estimate, there were 35,000 Armenians in European and 500.000 in Asiatic
Russia. The Armenian population of Turkey is estimated at 2,000,000, Persia has about 30,000.
The highest bishop of the Armenian Church resides at Etchmiatsin, in Asiatic Russia.
The Nestorians, called after Nestorius. a patriarch of Constantinople in the 5th century,
were condemned by the (Ecumenical Council of Ephcsus in 431, for maintaining that there was a
great distinction between Christ the Son of God and Christ the Son of Man ; and that it was
only the human nature of Christ that was bom of the Virgin Mary.
The number of Nestorians in Turkey was reported in 1S33, as 10,054 families, or 70,000 persons,
but other statements give higher figures. In Persia, the number is estimated at 15.000. In
India, the Nestorians are commonly known under the name of Christians of St. Thomas, of
whom there are about 70,000. In Turkey, the Nestorians have a Patriarch at Diz (Mosul), and
18 bishops.
Since 1833, the American missionaries have labored among the Nestorians, and formed a num
ber of Evangelical Congregations. Those Nestorians who have united with Rome, are generally
called Chaldeans. They number about 80,000, and have a patriarch bearing the title of Patri
arch of Babylon ; and residing at Bagdad, archbishops at Amadia and Seleucia, in Asiatic Tur
key ; four bishops in Turkey and two in Persia.
The Jacobites, one of the branches of the Monophysites (see Armenians, Copts, Abyssin-
ians). They are called after the monk Jacob Baradai, who in the middle of the 6th century,
re-organized the persecuted Monophysites of Syria.
The Jacobites have a patriarch with the title Patriarch of Antioch, at Caramit (Diarbckir). a
maphrian (head of the Eastern Jacobites), in a convent near Mosul. Besides, there are said to
be 21 bishops in Asiatic Turkey. The number of families in Turkey is variously estimated from
10,400 to 34,000. It is said that there are about 200,000 Jacobites living in East India (in Malabar
616
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1SC9.
and Travancore), who have four bishop?, one of whom lives in Cochin. A number of Jacobites
have joined the communion of the Roman Catholic Church, and are generally called the United
Syrians. They retain the old rite of the Syrian Churches, and the use of the old Syrian language
at divine service. Those in Turkey have a patriarch at Aleppo, and several bishops. In India,
there are about 90,000 United Syrians, who retain their own rites, and about 60,000 who have
entirely identified themselves with the Latin rite.
The Copts is the name of the Monophysites in Etrypt (see Armenians). The head of the
Church is the Patriarch of Alexandria, who resides at Cairo, with jurisdiction also extending
over Nubia and Abyssinia, and the right of consecrating the Abuna (patriarch) of the latter
country; 16 bishops and 14(5 churches and convents. The population is variously estimated at
from 150,000 to 250,000, of whom about 10,000 are in Cairo. Of the Copts, about 13,000 have
united with the Roman Catholic Church (United Copts).
The Abyssinians. The Christians of Abyssinia are Monophysites like the Copts. They
number about 3,000,000.
V. THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES.
Divisions of Protestantism. The name Protestant originated in 1529, in Germany, at
t.ie Diet of Spire, when the Evangelical estates refused to submit to a resolution passed by the
majority of the Diet, by which all further innovations in religious matters were prohibited until
the convocation of an (Ecumenical Council. But it has since come into general use as the col
lective designation of all Christians not belonging to either the Church of Rome, or the Eastern
Churches, inclusive even of those who, like the Waldensians originated before the Reformation
of the sixteenth century. In some of the Churches embraced under these divisions, there are
parties, objecting to being included In this class. We follow the almost universal classification
of statisticians.
There is no division of the Protestant Churches that is generally accepted. The name " evan
gelical11 has come into frequent use. to designate one class of Protestant denomination. In
1845, the "Evangelical Alliance1' was organized in Liverpool, to be a common bond of union
of the denominations called evangelical. Membership ol the Alliance was made dependent
upon nine tenets, among which were, the Inspiration of the Scriptures, the Trinity, the utter
depravity of human nature, the Divinity of Jesus Christ, and the atonement, justification by
faith alone, and the divine institution of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper.
These tenets were, however, not generally accepted by those who sympathised with and took
part in the operations of the Alliance. General meetings of the Evangelical Alliance, attended
by delegates from all parts of the world, were held at the following places : 1. London, 184G ;
2. Paris, 1&55; 3. Berlin, 1857 ; 4. Geneva. 1860; 5. Amsterdam, 1867. The sixth general meet
ing is to be held in New York in October, 1869.
The Principal Protestant Denominations. Below we give in alphabetical order the
principal divisions of Protestantism, especially those in the United States.
Anglican Church. The Anglican Church consists of the following branches : 1. The
Established Church of England; 2. The Church of Ireland ; 3. The Scotch Episcopal Church;
4. The Church in the British Colonies ; 5. The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.
There is besides, one Anglican Church in the Sandwich Islands, and several missionary bishops
in Asia and Africa. All the bishops of the above branches were, in 1867, invited by the late
Archbishop of Canterbury to a so-called Pan-Anglican Synod. The Synod, the first of its kind,
was opened on Sept. 24, and was attended by seventy-six bishops. A hope was expressed that
this meeting might be followed by other similar ones.
Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States. At the close of the year 1868, the statistics
of this Church were as follows :
Dioceses.
Alabama
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida 738
Georsria 2,428
Illinois 5.280
Indiana 2,102
Iowa 1,684
Kansas 373
Kentucky *2.796
Louisiana 1.864
Communicants. Dioceses. Communicants.
2,001 Maine 1.632
tl,500 Maryland 12,269
15,934 Massachusetts 10,867
1,472 Michigan 5.568
Minnesota 2.280
Mississippi 1,540
Missouri 2,061
Nebraska 701
New Hampshire 1,235
New Jersey 9.140
New York 33.300
North Carolina 3,033
Dioceses. Communicants.
Ohio 8,023
Pennsylvania 20,445
Pittsburgh 2,883
Rhode Island 4,443
South Carolina 3,074
Tennessee 1,256
Texas 1,500
Vermont 2,361
Virginia 7,575
Western New York 16.761
Wisconsin 4,573
t Estimated.
* Taken from the journal of 1867.
1SG9.]
RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OP THE WORLD.
617
The General Triennial Convention of 1868, admitted the diocese of Nebraska, and authorized
the division of the dioceses of Western New York and Maryland into two, and the division of
the diocese of New York into three dioceses. There are several missionary bishops in the
United States, one missionary bishop for Western Africa, and one for China and Japan. Total
number of dioceses, November, 18(58, 39; bishops, 47; bishops elect, 2; priests and deacons,
2,687; whole number of clergy, 2.736 ; parishes, 2,472; ordinations, 206; candidates for orders,
331; churches consecrated, 38; baptisms of infants, 26,835, of adults. 7,067, not stated, 1,800;
total baptisms, 35,702; confirmations, 21,958; communicants, increase in 27 dioceses during
past year, 14,365; present number, 194,692; marriages, 9,945; burials, 15,346; Sunday school
teachers, 21,711; scholars, 194,046 ; contributions, $4,457,888.28.
Oilier Anglican Churches. The number of bishops and clergymen of the other branches of
the Anglican Churches is as follows :
The Established Church of England and Ireland, and the Scotch Episcopal Church. England
(including the two archbishops of Canterbury and York), 28 bishops, about 19,000 clergy; Ire-
laud (including the two archbishops of Armagh and Dublin), 12 bishops, about 2,200 clergy;
Scotland, 8 bishops, about 162 clergy ; the Colonies (including India, Melanesia and Sandwich
Islands), 51 bishops, about 2,000 clergy ; retired bishops, 6: total, 105 bishops, 23.362 clergy.
In England there are 5,764,543 Church sittings; in Scotland, 165 churches and 94 schools. In
England, it is estimated that from 60 to 70 per cent, of the total population belong to the Estab
lished Church. In Ireland, the Established Church embraced a population, according to the
census of 1861, of 693,357. The membership of the Scotch is estimated at 1| per cent, of the
population.
Baptists. The Baptists are divided into a number of denominations ; the following are the
most important :
Regular Baptist sin America. The following shows the number of Regular Baptists in the
United States in 1866, as published by the Baptist Almanac for 1868 :
States. » Member*.
Alabama, 1860 61.219
Arkansas, 1860 11,341
California 1,991
Connecticut 18,447
Delaware 609
District of Columbia ... 2,102
Florida, 1860 6,403
Georgia, 1860 84.567
Illinois 46,129
Indiana 29,103
Indian Territory, 1860. . 4,300
Iowa 14.377
Kansas, 1865 1,119
Kentucky, 1865 81,631
States.
Louisiana, 1860
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts . . .
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi, 1860.
Missouri
Nebraska, 18(>5...
New Hampshire..
New Jersey
New Mexico, 1864...
New York
North Carolina, 1860.
Members. States. Members.
. . 10.2(34 Ohio 33.8U9
..19.870 Oregon 1.082
. . 4,348 Pennsylvania 47,700
. .37.948 Rhode Island 8,537
..15^378 South Carolina, I860.. 62,98i
.. 3,434 Tennessee, 1860 46,564
..41 .MO Texas 19,089
. .44,877 Vermont 7,714
. . 217 Virginia 116,526
. . 7.718 West Virginia 12,774
..21,094 Wisconsin 8.891
49 Germ. & Dutch Church 3,896
..91,928 Swedish Churches.... GOO
.60,532 Welsh Churches, I860.. 1,400
Total 1,094,806
The total number of ministers (reported at the dates above given in the several states) is
8,346, and of baptisms, 92,075. The number of Associations was 609, of churches, 12,955.
The number in British America is as follows :
Assoc. Churches. Members.
Nova Scotia 3 155 16,808
New Brunswick 2. .. .119. ... 8,755
Assoc. Churches. Members.
Canada. 11 275 15.091
West India Islands. . 4 101 22,261
Grand total in North America 22 650 62,415
These provinces report 444 ministers and 2,036 baptisms.
Free TT?# Baptists in the United States and British America. This denomination held in 1867,
29 yearly meetings and 148 quarterly meetings. It numlered 1,276 Churches, 1,100 ordained
preachers, and 59,211 communicants. At the Triennial Convention held in 1868, several associ
ations of "General Baptists" united with this denomination, increasing the membership to
63.543.
Other Baptist Denominations of America. The statistics of the other Baptist bodies in Amer
ica are reported by the "Baptist Almanac for 1868," as follows ;
Member?. Members.
Anti-Mission Baptists 105.000 Church of God (Winebrenarians). . 32.000
Free-Will Baptists 56.258 Disciples (CampbelHtes) 500.000
Six-Principle Baptists, 1860 3.000 Tunkers, 1860 20,000
Seventh-Day Baptists 7,038 Menuouites, 1860 36,230
These denominations together have 5,022 ministers.
(Jig THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [i860.
Baptists in Great Britain. In April, 18G6, 2.023 churches reported 209,773 members ; but 400
small churches are still unreported. The following statistics of other Baptists iu Great Britain
are given by the census of 1851 :
In England. , Churches. Sittings. In England. Churches. Sittings.
General Baptists 92 20.539 Scottish Baptists (in Eng.). 15 2,547
Seventh-Day Baptists 2 390 Baptists in Scotland 119 2£,076
New connect. Gen. Bapt.. .182 52,064
The annual meeting of the Christian (Campbellite) Churches of England, Scotland, Ireland
and Wales, which was held at Nottingham in August, 1866, reported the membership of the
Churches represented as 4,607.
Baptists on the Continent, of Europe. The membership of the Baptist Churches in the coun
tries of the European continent was, in 1867, as follows :
Members. Members. Member?.
France 358 Holland 52 Poland 312
Germany 11.804 Switzerland 292 Russia 857
Denmark 1,726 France (Germ, miss.) . . 96 Sweden 6,875
Total 22,462
Asia and Australia. The Asiatic Missions in Burmah and the neighboring kingdoms, Siam.
and China, embrace about 16,000 members. The latest statistics give 3,424 Baptists in South
Australia, and 9,601 in Victoria.
Congregationalists. Congregationalists in America. The statistics of Congregationalism
in America were, at the beginning of the year 1869, as follows :
States. Members. States. Members.
Alabama 25 North Carolina —
California 1,990 Ohio 15,172
Colorado 105 Oregon 413
Connecticut 48,599 Pennsylvania 3,404
Dakotah 14 Rhode Island 3,835
District of Columbia 247 South Carolina 214
Georgia 91 Tennessee 126
Illinois 17,877 Texas 22
Indiana 931 Utah Territory 18
Iowa 8,828 Vermont 18,323
Kansas 1,434 Virginia 44
Louisiana \. 28 Washington Territory 24
Maine 19,871 Wisconsin 10,599
Maryland 73
Massachusetts 79,526 Total United States 291,042
Michigan 10,123 Ontario and Quebec 4,253
Minnesota 2,751 New Brunswick 383
Missouri 1,505 Nova Scotia 545
Nebraska 271 Jamaica 451
New Hampshire 18,201
New Jersey 1,642 Total in America 296.674
New York 24,711 Total in 1867 283,587
The number of absent members in the United States was 34,915 ; in all America, 35,396
(against 34,372 in 1867). Total number of ministers in the United States, 3,070 ; in all America,
3.156; number of pupils in Sunday schools in United States, 339,205 ; in all America, 346,766.
Congregationalism in England and the English Colonies. The Congregatioualists in Great Brit
ain and the British Colonies arc commonly called Independents. There were, in 1867, in Great
Britain and her dependencies, 3,330 Independent Churches, with 1,613 out-stations and mission-
rooms, under the superintendence of 2,876 Independent ministers, whose labors are supple
mented by 2,326 evangelists and lay preachers. The denomination has 76 associations and
unions, 27 colleges and institutes, with 386 students under training for ministerial and mission
ary work.
The Friends. In the United States, the Friends number 100,000, belonging to 8 Yearly
Meetings. A Yearly Meeting has also recently been organized in Canada. The separate organiza
tion of the "Hicksite"' (Liberal) Friends numbers about 10,000 members in 6 Yearly Meetings. The
Friends in England numbered in 1867, 13,786 members.
Lutherans. Lutherans in the United States. The Lutherans in the United States belong to
four different groups, namely: Synods connected with the General Synod, Synods connected
with the General Council, Synods connected with the (Southern) General Synod of North Amer
ica, and independent Synods. The statistics of these four groups, in 1868, were as follows:
1869. J RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. 619
I. SYNODS CONNECTED WITH THE GENERAL SYNOD OP THE UNITED STATES.
Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants.
1. Synod of New York 1,642 12. Melancthon Synod, (Md.) 3,755
2. Hartwick Synod, (N. Y.) 4,109 13. East Ohio Synod 3,8:38
3. Franckean Synod, (N. Y.) 2,479 14. Wittenberg Synod, (Ohio) 3,678
4. Synod of New Jersey 1,697 15. Miami Synod, (Ohio) 3,405
5. Synod of East Pennsylvania 13,034 16. Synod of Northern Indiana 3,415
6. Susquehanna Synod, (Penn.) 4,661 17. Olive Branch Synod, (Ind.) 1,576
7. Synod of West Pennsylvania 12,416 18. Synod of Northern Illinois 2,105
8. Synod of Central Pennsylvania 4,825 19. Synod of Southern Illinois 817
9. Alleghany Synod (Penn.) 6,734 20. Synod of Central Illinois .... . 1,410
10. Pittsbtirg Synod (Penn.) 1,756 21. Synod of Iowa 1,171
11. Synod of Maryland 8,347
86,770
II. SYNODS OF THE "GENERAL COUNCIL."
Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants.
1. New York Ministerium 12,000 7. Synod of Wisconsin 12,750
2. Synod of Pennsylvania 50,000 8. Synod of Michigan 3,035
3. Pittsbtirg Synod, (Penn.) 9,000 9. Synod of Iowa 7,000
4. Eng. Dist. Synod of Joint S'dof Ohio.10,000 10. Synod of Minnesota 3,000
5. English Synod of Ohio 2,500 11. Scandinavian Augustana Synod 11,800
6. Synod of Illinois 5,000 12. Synod of Canada 7,211
133,296
III. SYNODS CONNECTED WITH THE (SOUTHERN) GENERAL SYNOD OF NORTH AMERICA.
Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants.
1. Synod of Virginia 3,200 4. Synod of South Carolina 4,817
2. Synod of South- West Virginia 2,179 5. Synod of Georgia 1,200
3. Synod of North Carolina 3,716 6. Holston Synod (Teun.) 2,000
17,112
TV. SYNODS NOT CONNECTED WITH ANY GENERAL SYNOD OR GENERAL COUNCIL.
Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants
1. Joint Synod of Ohio 30,500 7. Buffalo Synod. (N. Y.) 5,000
2. Joint Synod of Missouri 39,000 8. German Synod of New York . 1 800
3. Norwegian Synod, (Wis. etc.) 20.000 9. Synod of Mississippi 2,000
4. Tennessee Synod 5,800 10. Missionary Synod of the West. ... 700
5. Elison's Synod 2,000 11. Concordia Synod of Virginia 1,000
6. Union Synod, (Ind.) 2,210 12. Synod of Texas 7 2,800
112,910
Grand Total— 51 Synods, 1,792 Ministers, 3,182 Churches, 350,088 Communicants.
Lutherans in Europe. In Prussia and a number of other States the Lutherans and the
Reformed churches have been fused into the "United Evangelical Church." The Lutheran
element prevails in the Protestant State Church of nearly every German State. In Wurtemberg.
the greater part of Bavaria, Hanover, Schleswig-Holstcin, Mecklenburg, the principalities of
Reuss and Schwarzburg, the union of Lutherans and Reformed has not been introduced, and
nearly the whole Protestant population belongs to the Lutheran Church.
The Lutheran Church is the State Church in all the Scandinavian States— Sweden. Norway
and Denmark, and nearly the whole population belongs to it. Austria has 1,218,750 Lutherans.
France has 44 consistories and 232 parishes. The Lutheran population is about 500,000, mostly
in the Alsace. In Russia the Lutheran Church is the predominant church in the Baltic prov
inces and in Finland. The Lutheran population of Poland is 382,000, and of Finland 1,787,000.
In Holland there are two organizations of Lutherans; one, the "Evangelical Lutheran," has a
population of about 66,000; the other, the "Reformed Lutheran," numbers about 10,000.
Lutherans in Asia, Africa and Australia. The Lutherans sustain missions in India, China,
and several parts of Africa. There are about 10.000 Lutherans and German Protestants in Vic
toria, and a number in the other Australian Colonies.
Methodists. The Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. At the close of the year
1868, the Methodist Episcopal Church had the following membership :
Conferences. Members. Conferences. Members. Conferences. Members.
Alabama 11,554 Colorado 561 Erie 32,881
Baltimore 17,735 Delaware 9,801 Genesee 9,679
Black River 22,197 Des Moines 14.771 Georgia 15,134
California 6,185 Detroit . . .20,596 Germany & Switzerland 6,334
Central German 9,891 East Baltimore 42,312 Holston 25,723
Central Illinois 22,385 East Genesee 24,232 Illinois 34,675
CentralOhio 19.094 EastGerman 2.805 Indiana 28,276
Cincinnati 30,025 East Maine 11,717 India Mission 550
Iowa 20,522 New York 39,895 South East Indiana, . . .22,839
620
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Conferences. Members.
Kansas 9,184
Kentucky 17,850
Liberia, Miss 1,830
Maine 13,124
Michigan 21,048
Minnesota 10.160
Mississippi, Miss 16.164
Missouri and Arkansas.25,746
Nebraska 2,286
Nevada 448
Newark 29,308
New England 23.178
New Hampshire 12,(i50
New Jersey. 30,272
Total
Last Year...
Conferences. Members.
New York East 37,372
North Indiana 32,830
North Ohio 18,923
North West German. ... 7,071
North West Indiana... .20,003
Ohio 33,814
Oneida 19,348
Oregon 4,505
Philadelphia 59,760
Pittsburgh 48,478
Providence 18,054
Rock River 21,143
South Carol., Miss 18,200
Conferences. Members
Southern Illinois 24,788
South West German. . . 7,729
Tennessee 9,474
Texas Mission 3,391
Troy 28,610
Upper Iowa 18,066
Vermont 13,909
Virginia & N. Carolina. 2,756
Washington, Miss 21,036
West Virginia 27,959
West Wisconsin 12,167
Wisconsin 12,708
Wyoming 17,844
...1,255,115
....1,146,081
Increase 109,034
The number of Annual Conferences in 1868, was 71, an increase of four over 1867. The fol
lowing is a summary of other important statistics : Bishops, 9 ; traveling preachers, 8,481 ; local
preachers, 9,85)9 ; total preachers, 18,370: members in full connection, 1,060,265; members on
probation, 194,850 ; total lay members, 1,255,115 ; adult baptisms, 67,065 ; infant baptisms, 46,207:
total baptisms, 113,272; number of churches, 11,692; number of parsonages, 3,810; value of
church edifices, $41,692,922; value of parsonages, $6,275,979 ; value of churches and parsonages,
$47,970,501 ; number of Sunday schools, 15,885 ; Sunday school teachers, 181,666 ; Sunday school
scholars, 1,145,167; benevolent collections, $909,962.
Methodist Episcopal Church South. The latest statistics published by this Church are for the
year 1867, when the membership of the Annual Conference was as follows :
Conferences. Members. Conferences. Members. Conferences. Member*.
1. Baltimore 17,155 11. Louisiana 9,978 21. Little Rock 9,073
12. Mississippi 19,043
13. Memphis 39,085
14. Tennessee 40,800
15. Holston 25,965
16. Kentucky 15,583
17. Louisville 22,689
18. St. Louis 12,688
19. Missouri 14,300
20. Arkansas 13,951
2. Virginia 37,497
3. West Virginia 6,731
4. North Carolina a5.104
5. South Carolina 47,078
6. North Georgia... -...45,387
7. South Georgia 26,869
8. Florida 6,386
9. Montgomery 31.228
10. Mobile 22,577
22. Indian Mission 1,788
23. Texas 4,543
24. Trinity 8,257
25. East Texas 7.107
26. Northwest Texas.. 4,731
27. West Texas 3,486
28. Columbia 758
29. Pacific 2,642
30. Illinois 2,561
Total in 1867 535,0-10
Total in 1866 505,101
Increase...
29,93!)
The number of white members in 1867, was 472,484 (increase over preceding year, 53,080) ;
number of colored members, 54,172 (decrease during the year, 24,570) ; number of Indian mem
bers, 1,851. The Church has 9 bishops, 2,389 traveling preachers, and 3,952 local preachers.
The African Methodist Ej)iscoj)al Church, and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.
The former body has 560 traveling preachers, 15,000 local preachers, 200,000 members ; the latter
has 694 traveling preachers, 164,000 members.
The Methodist Church and MetJiodist Protestants. In 1866, the Northern Conferences of
the Methodist Protestants held a u Union Convention," the object of which was to effect a union
between non-Episcopal Methodists. The name of the new body was to be simply the "Method
ist Church." But this plan of union was repudiated by all save the Methodist Protestants and
the new " Methodist Church " which is substantially identical with the former Methodist Pro
testant Conferences of the Northern States. The Methodist Church has now 624 traveling
preachers, 444 local preachers, 49,030 members. In the Southern States, the old name of
" Methodist Protestants " has been retained, and the Methodist Protestant Church now reports
423 traveling preachers, and 72,000 members.
Other Methodist Bodies in the United States. The Evangelical Association had, in 1868, 15 Con
ferences, 500 traveling preachers, 377 local preachers, and 62,344 members.
The Wesleyan Connection has about 250 ministers and 20,000 members. The Free Methodists
have 85 ministers and 4,889 members. The Primitive Methodists have 20 traveling preachers
and 2,000 members.
Other Parts of America. The Methodist Episcopal Church has a mission in the Argentine
Republic, with 171 members. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Canada has 216 traveling
1869. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OP THE WORLD. 621
preachers and 18,741 members. All the other Methodist bodies in British America and in Hayti
are in connection with the English Methodist Denominations. Altogether, the number of
Methodists in America outside of the United States is about 150,000.
The Methodist Denominations in Europe, Ana, Africa and Australia. The Wesleyan Church,
of England, had in 1868, 387,306 members in Great Britain : 20,299 in Ireland and Irish missions,
and 68.741 in foreign missions. Adding the French, Australasian, Canada and Eastern British
American Conferences which are in connection with the Church, the Church has a total member
ship of 594,485.
The other Methodist bodies in England are, Primitive Methodists, 159,798 ; New Connection
Methodists, 32,486; United Free Church Methodists, 68,478 ; Bible Christians, 26,275; Calvinistic
Methodists, 58,577 ; Wesleyan Reform Union, 9,423; Church Methodists in Ireland 9,158. The
number of Methodists in France is 2,063: in Germany and Switzerland, 12,092; in Gibraltar
and Malta, 51 ; in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, 769 ; in India and Ceylon, 2,973 ; in China,
1,271 ; in Africa, 42,193; in Australia and Polynesia, 61,081. The total number of the members
of all tliu Methodist denominations was, in 1868, about 3,400,000.
Moravians. The Church is divided into four provinces, which, in 1867, reported the fol
lowing membership :
Provinces. Communicants. Total. Provinces. Communicants. Total.
American, Northern 5,068 7,093 British 5,479 9,886
Southern 3,256 5,522 Continental Europe 1,176 1,809
14,979 24,310
In connection with the Foreign Missions, are 70,311.
New Jerusalem Church (Swedenborgians). This Church has in the United States
9 Associations, which are united in a "General Convention,11 meeting annually. The number
of organized societies is 67. In England, Holland and Ireland, 56 societies are in connection
with the " General Conference," and 10 societies not in full connection.
Presbyterians. Old School Presbyterians in the United States. The Statistics reported in
May, 1808, arc as follows :
Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants.
Albany 10,855 Kansas 1,013 Pacific 1,834
Alleghany 13,434 Kentucky 6,811 Philadelphia 28.502
Baltimore 15,768 Missouri 6,457 Pittsburgh 19,565
Buffalo ....5,251 Nashville 706 St. Paul 1,694
Chicago 8,173 New Jersey 28,140 Sandusky 3,690
Cincinnati 11.683 New York 22,441 Southern Iowa 4,465
Illinois 10,076 Northern India* 352 Wheeling 17,939
Indiana 7,213 Northern Indiana 6,485 Wisconsin 3,209
Iowa 4,858 Ohio 11,941
Total 252,555
The number of Synods is 26; Presbyteries, 142; Licentiates, 223; Candidates, 326; Ministers,
; Churches, 2,737 ; Contributions for Church Purposes, $4,289,595.
New ScJwol Presbyterians. In May, 1868, the following statistics were reported:
Albany . ...
Communicants.
8,354
Synods. Commt
West Pennsylvania .
nicants.
3,953
Synods. Comm
Peoria
unicants.
7,221
Utica
. . 7,302
Michigan
11 030
Wisconsin . . .
1.868
Ouonda^a
9 555
Western Reserve
6 716
3,108
Geneva
9,702
Ohio
4,499
Minnesota
1,956
Susquohanna
. . 3,521
Cincinnati
4 112
Missouri
2,123
Generfoe
14 149
Wabash
3 293
2,707
New York & N
Jersey.33,886
17 239
Indiana
Illinois
5,008
6 307
Alta California
1,327
Total...
...1
68,932
The number of Synods is 23 ; Presbyteries, 111 ; Ministers, 1,800 : Churches, 1590.
United Presbyterians in the United States. In May, 1868, the following statistics were reported :
Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants.
New York 13,814 2d of the West 8,091 Missionary Presbyteries
1st of the West 13,120 Illinois 70,14 (Egypt, Oregon, Seal-
Pittsburgh 12,660 Iowa 4,290 kote) 456
Ohio 6,117
Total 65,612
The Church has missions in Trinidad, Syria, India, Egypt, China and Italy. The United Pres
byterian Church arose out of a union of the Associate and the Associate Reformed Churches.
A part of these organizations refused to join the Union. They now constitute the ''Associate
Reformed Synod of New York," which has 16 ministers and 1,631 communicants, and the ;; As
sociate Synod of North America,' which has 11 ministers and 778 communicants. There is,
besides, the "Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church South," which has been separated from
the northern organizations in consequence of the Slavery question. It has 68 ministers.
* Missionary Station.
622 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The (Southern) Presbyterian Church. The statistics, according to the minutes of the General
Assembly of 1S68, are as follows : Synods in connection with the General Assembly, 10 ; Pres
byteries, 48; ministers and licentiates, 837; Churches, 1,309; members added on examination,
2,857 ; members added on certificate, 1,411 ; total number of communicants, 76,949.
Cumberland Presbyterians. This Church had, in 1868, 25 synods, 1,200 ministers, and 125,000
communicants.
Reformed Presbyterians. Of these there are two organizations, the one called the Old Side or
the General Synod, the other the New Side or the Synod. The former in 1868, had 8 Presbyteries,
77 ministers, with a membership of 8,487. The latter had 63 ministers and 5,821 communicants.
Presbyterians in Great Britain, and the British Colonies. The main branches of Presbyterian-
ism in Great Britain are the following: " The Church of Scotland," which is the State Church
in Scotland, has 16 Synods, 84 Presbyteries and 1,243 congregations ; "The Free Church of Scot
land" has 16 Synods, 71 Presbyteries, 861 churches, 3 theological schools with 226 students ;
"The United Presbyterian Church" has 31 Presbyteries in England and Scotland, 584 Minis
ters, 596 Churches, and (1868), 176,391 communicants; "The Reformed Presbyterian Synod"
(Cauieronians) has 6 Presbyteries, 45 churches, 2 Professors in Divinity, 41 ministers, and
(1868), 6,516 members ; " The Presbyterian Seceders " have 4 Presbyteries, and 25 congregations :
" The Presbyterian Church in England" has 7 Presbyteries, 119 congregations and 20,782 com
municants; "The Presbyterian Church in Ireland" has 50 ministers, and 60 churches. The
largest of these denominations have branches in Canada, Australia and other colonies.
Reformed Churches. Reformed Churches in the United States. Of these there are two,
the one formerly called the "Reformed Dutch Church," but since 1867, simply the "Reformed
Church," the second called the "German Reformed Church."
The Reformed Church, in 1868, reported: Ministers, 469 ; candidates, 7; families, 37,090;
members added on confession, 3,705 ; members added on certificate, 2,294 : total number in
communion, 59,508; infants baptized, 3,843; total number of S. S. scholars, 47,981 ; amount con
tributed for religious and benevolent purposes, $204.492.93.
The statistics of the German Reformed Church were in January, 1869, reported as follow? :
Synods, 3 ; classes, 31 ; ministers, 505 ; congregations, 1,181 ; members, 115,483 ; Sunday school
scholars, 44,435.
Reformed Chinches in Europe, and Africa. In Holland, the Reformed Church is the State
church, and has about 1,800,000 members. There is in the same country, a Free Reformed
Church, with about 70,000 members. In Switzerland, the Reformed Church is the State church
of all the Protestant Cantons, and nearly the whole Protestant population (about 1,400,000) be
longs to it. In some Cantons, (as Vaud, Geneva), there are Free Reformed Churches beside
the National Churches. In Germany, the Reformed Church has been nearly absorbed by the
United Evangelical Church. The Reformed Church of France, which received support from the
state, has 1,045 congregations. In Russia, a population of about 200,000, and in Austria, a pop
ulation of about 1,900,000 are connected with the Reformed Churches. In Belgium there are
about 12 Reformed Congregations. In the Transvaal Republic, and Orange Free State, in
Africa, the Dutch Reformed church is the State Church, and it has also numerous adherents
in the Cape Colony.
Unitarians. Unitarians in the United States. The " Year-book of the Unitarian Congrega
tional Churches" for 1869, gives a list of 315 societies and of 383 ministers. Within two years,
51 Unitarian churches have been built, enlarged or otherwise improved. No statistics of mem
bership are given. There is al^o an organization of German Unitarians in the United States.
Unitarians in Europe. In England, there are about 300 Unitarian ministers who have charge
of congregations. In Ireland there are three Presbyterian bodies, which are regarded as Uni
tarians. In the Austrian province of Transylvania, the Unitarians have a population of 50,000.
United Brethren in Christ. According to the Almanac of this denomination, for 1S69,
it now has 5 bishops, 1,334 meeting houses, 25 parsonages, 864 itinerant preachers, 4,618 preaching
places, 3,663 societies, 108,122 members, 2,268 Sunday schools, and 106,002 Sunday-school schol
ars. The amount raised for church purposes, was $526,000.
United Evangelical Church. This is the State Church in Prussia, and a number of the
smaller German States. It arose in 1817 out of a union of Lutherans and Reformed.
Universalists. Universalists in the United States. According to the " Universalist Regis
ter" for 1869, there were 6 Associations in Maine, 3 in New Hampshire, 5 in Vermont, 6 in
Massachusetts, 1 in Rhode Island, 3 in Connecticut, 16 in New York, 6 in 'Pennsylvania, 14 in
Ohio, 4 in Michigan, 6 in Indiana, 6 in Illinois, 3 in Wisconsin, and 3 in Iowa. The number of
societies reported is about 792. No statistics of membership are given.
Universalists in Europe* In 1860, 3 Univertalist Congregations were reported in England.
PAET Y.
MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.
THE PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE.
BY N. C. MEEKER.
IN the earliest ages men did not live by cultivating the soil. It is true
that our first parents, for a limited period, engaged in this pursuit, but it
was not in the sense we now speak of cultivation, for they were without
experience, skill or implements. What their actual condition was is uncer
tain, and it can never be ascertained unless we reason from analogy and by
the help of more light than we think we possess.
It is certain that their immediate descendants led a pastoral life, and their
food was milk and flesh, and such vegetable productions as grow without
cultivation. In making the soil yield bread, decision of character and pro
phetic views are required which men cannot possess in a natural state, and,
besides, to cultivate the soil requires some progress in the mechanic arts, for
without implements for inverting and stirring the soil, bread cannot be grown.
Mechanical skill and agriculture therefore must grow up together. In an
uncivilized nation agriculture cannot be far advanced, nor, on the other
hand, can civilization progress if agriculture is neglected. A more helpless
being than man without tools cannot exist ; with tools, none is more power
ful. Naked, and with empty hands man was placed on this earth, and long
dreary years must have elapsed before even rude implements for working
the soil were constructed. Some have conveyed the idea that the early
European race was more favored, but the contrary is proved by recent dis
coveries. Some lakes in Switzerland being drained, have brought to light
rude hovels with articles of domestic nature, and the implements which were
used for defence and for obtaining food were all of stone. In Denmark,
also, discoveries of similar relics, have been made, all of which prove that
the principal food was derived from the waters and the forests. This, the
age of stone, dates back 4,000 years ago. Following, came the age of bronze,
in which implements were made of copper and tin. Then came the age
of iron, which in Central Europe was not much before the Christian Era.
Even after iron was discovered, whenever it might have been, a long period
must have passed before much skill in forging and welding it was acquired.
By inductive reasoning an account of the progress in working iron could be
constructed which would be near the actual truth. Surprising as it may
seem, it is a fact that during the classic and historic ages, and up to modern
times, even, in some degree to our own age, the art of working iron was im-
623
624 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
partially understood unless in the making of deadly weapons, while casting
hollow ware was unknown. This is to say, during a period of more than
3,000 years, scarcely any progress was made with regard to agricultural
implements in which iron or steel was used, and so little had been done up
to the time of our own Revolution, even by the most civilized nations, that
they were at the time upon a level with the Turks and Hindoos.
In the Agricultural Rooms of the State Society at Albany, is a most re
markable collection of plows from different parts of the world. Among
these are some which were in use in this country less than fifty years ago,
and they show that our cultivation at the time could not have been much
better than the cultivation of semi-barbarous nations. Within fifty years
plows have been improved more than they had been improved for many
thousand years before. It is noted also, that within this period there has
been an equal improvement in all the mechanic arts.
The first progress of mechanism was undoubtedly in constructing some
agricultural implement, for there must have been a stepping stone for a begin
ning. The use of the new implement resulted in making labor lighter, and
in giving much more bread than by any other means, which freed some one
from the necessity of constantly seeking for food, and it gave time and op
portunity for a few to think. This prepared the way for another to con
struct, not perhaps an agricultural tool, for the list has been very small, but
one for working wood, that there might be a better roof and closer walls to
keep out the storms, giving dignity to the barbaric family.
When the first implement increased the supply of bread and permitted
some one to think, civilization faintly dawned. This may seem an insignifi
cant cause, but even now, complicated as society has become, it can be seen
that mechanism is the right hand of agriculture, and that upon the two civ
ilization is founded.
Originally, seeds of grain, vegetables, and fruit must have been preserved
a long time in a few favored spots, in remote sunny valleys, in mountain
glades, or on islands difficult to approach. It is true that in later ages many
varieties have been derived by long and patient labors from those which
were growing wild, but these had degenerated, for we must not say that the
original were imperfect, since if this were so, the first people had no other food
than barbarians. In passing from places where seeds had been preserved,
into savage lands, they progressed slowly, and at the rate of ten or twenty
miles a year, crossing rivers and mountains, and were received in rude hovels,
or perhaps in the abode of a chieftain with wonder, and perhaps writh sus
picion. Tools of some kind, must have accompanied seeds ; these might have
been of stone or bronze, and after grain had been grown, domestic animals
were introduced but not before, except in regions where the natural grasses
furnished feed. This, however, could have only been in a semi-tropical cli
mate, where feed for animals could be found in winter. In forests, domestic
animals and iron were introduced about the same time. It is a singular
historical fact, that when iron was introduced among the savages of Europe,
it made its way slowly, for it was looked upon with suspicion. They who
1869.] PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. 625
protested most against its use were the priests, and it was a long time after
the people adopted it before the priests would allow it to enter their places
of worship, which were places also for the sacrifice, of human beings.
"Why, after seeds and iron were introduced so many ages, and some of them
so remote as to be buried in oblivion, passed without perceptible progress
not only hi Asia but in Europe, was due to political and religious tyranny,
pressing upon the laboring people and wringing from their industry all but
what was required to sustain life. To keep the laborer dependent, he was
never allowed to be an owner of the soil ; as a consequence, his occupation
and all the industries connected with it were looked upon as degrading, and
the only pursuits which were honored were those by which man was op
pressed, defrauded or destroyed. It was not until America was discovered
that a way was opened for the laborer to own land, and upon this basis free
government and religious toleration have been established.
The first efforts in agriculture were made in alluvial valleys or on rich
sandy soil, which were cropped until exhausted, when new grounds were
sought and the exhaustion repeated. Only by degrees and at a considerable
later period were the clays cultivated, for they were too stubborn, and man
himself was too timorous, ignorant and weak, to make them yield a return
for his labors. It was not until the ox and horse were brought into subjec
tion and made to draw the plow that cultivation was extended beyond the
alluvial soils. And yet, the advantages of an agricultural over a savage life
in those early days were so few that progress was slow. Forced to abide
near streams for the cultivation and protection of their crops, and living in
dwellings which abounded with vermin ; malarious diseases were common, and
the miseries of the people must have been extreme. Ignorant, unclean and
superstitious, subject to attacks from robbers, and oppressed by chieftains, a
wild wandering life often must have presented greater attractions. Nothing
could hold an agricultural community together but the bravery and skill of
the chief, who, as the price of his protection demanded homage, and rent in
kind, and thus kings and governments were established.
During the long periods in which man cultivated the soil and yet was a
semi-barbarian, so little knowledge was gained of best methods of cultiva
tion, and so insufficient were the implements that crops were taken only
from the surface. Had cultivation been as deep as at the present day, pop
ulation would have increased so much that the soil of the old world would
have been exhausted long ago, and become a desert. Even now, on classic
and historic ground the same superficial cultivation is continued, and a rich
soil underneath has been preserved to be found by other and worthier races.
The North American Indians belonged to the age of stone, and were pre
paring to enter the age of bronze, for to a slight extent they had begun to
use copper. The Indians cultivated the soil only to a limited extent, and
the labor was done by their women. Everywhere the weak have been forced
to work for the strong. Their chief, and perhaps their only crops were corn
and tobacco, growing on the bottoms of streams where grass does not natu
rally start. The sod of the rich prairies presented so many difficulties that
40
626 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
they did not undertake to subdue it. They had no animals of any kind,
and it is to be noted that when Europeans introduced them the Indians saw
no inducements to use them. Even now, after great efforts have been made to
civilize some tribes, they take little advantage of animals, but seek rather,
and in a natural order, a pastoral life, and they care for cattle that they may
have their flesh. Nor do they attach much value to milk, as one might sup
pose, all of which shows that man will advance only by slow and progressive
steps. The Indian race, then would appear to be so young as not yet to
contain those accumulations of human effort which mark the European race,
and they seem about equally advanced with the people who lived in Central
Europe 2000 years before the Christian Era.
These things are said of man as a cultivator in a temperate climate and on
favorable soil. In warm climates, food sufficient to sustain life is obtained
with so little effort that he is not obliged to make the successive steps which
lead to civilization. Hence, man's successive stages of development will be
such, and only such, as the climate and soil compel him to make. A race
may be very old in a warm climate, and yet not be so far advanced as a
younger race in a cold one. When we speak of young and of old races, we
refer to those periods of time when men became possessed of the peculiar
characteristics which separate them into distinct bodies, which we call races,
whatever may have been the cause, and whatever the periodism in which these
causes operated. Besides, with reference to a warm climate, it is in few or no
respects favorable for bringing the human race beyond a certain point, for
the reason that the heat has such an effect upon the soil as to make it inca
pable of producing such food as contributes to develop the higher qualities.
It does not produce grass which is more important than any other crop, and
the small grains from which bread is made are grown with the greatest diffi
culty. Nor does it produce the more important vegetables, while it has no
fruit of equal value with the apple.
The warm climate is simply favorable for the growth of man in the early
stages, and at a time when he would perish if he were not assisted by nature ;
but after he outgrows such need, he must seek the regions of snow and ice
to be scourged into activity through a long series of years. Dreadful as war
is. it is as old as the race. Commencing among kinsmen and neighbors, with
or without cause, spreading as nations spread, the weaker were pushed into
forests, and across rivers and mountains where food was so scarce that multi
tudes perished, and only those survived who had strength and skill to dis
cover new methods by which life could be sustained. Dark were the faces
of the exiles with rage, as they thought of the warm valleys whence they
were driven, but the frosts of the mountains and the ice in the rivers brought
before them«new enemies which they must conquer or die. Cruel as seemed
the destiny, they led on the way to the discovery that the soil of a cold
climate has greater capabilities of sustaining life than a warm one ; that its
food is more varied and nourishing ; fruit is more sprightly and enduring,
and that in grass is a greater value than all the productions ripened by a
tropical sun.
1809.] PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. 627
The system of farming common among the people of Western Asia, and
among the Greeks and Romans, was without change worthy of note, until
after the age of King John who granted the Great Charter, when the small
farm system began to be established, particularly in England. Afterwards,
the influence of the Reformation was felt in giving the common people dig
nity, when farm productions became more varied, and food more abundant.
By 1620 the middle class of England had become industrious and intelli
gent, and owned the land they worked. They were the noblest class Eng
land ever had. They wTere called Yeomen. From 1620 to 1820 there was
little progress in farming, but there had been immense advance in religious
liberty, in learning, and in the acquirement and investigation of the rights
of the common people. These prepared the way for the discovery of many
new methods for abbreviating labor, by means of inventions, and among
these none has produced such powerful results as the introduction of the cast
iron plow. This is generally considered an American invention, and it was
quickly adopted in all civilized nations. Shortly after, two agricultural
papers were published monthly, and though they were barely supported,
they had immense influence upon the fanning community and particu
larly upon legislators and leading men. Since then their number has steadily
increased, and now a greater number of copies of agricultural papers are cir
culated than at the commencement of the century were circulated of all
other kinds of papers then printed in the world. Combining, as most of
them do, moral instruction, their influence upon the people is destined to
produce the most important results. Meanwhile, agricultural machinery, in
the greatest variety, has been invented and brought into use, and it may be
said to perform as much labor as a million of able-bodied men. Through
this means capital has rapidly accumulated among the common people ; they
have been enabled to build comfortable and even elegant dwellings, and to
furnish them in good style, while the food of the family is abundant and
often choice. There are also means for educating the young people, and at
last, the distance between the laborer and a station of honor and profit is
short. Perhaps nothing has contributed more to establish this condition,
than the application of many inventions of the mechanic and machinist, as
exhibited in the railway, by which means all kinds of farm products are
transported great distances, and better prices are now obtained in the interior
than formerly were received at the centers of commerce.
Fruit growing has kept full pace with all other pursuits, and there are in
America more acres in nursery stock than were devoted to orchards in
the whole world when Rome was in its greatest grandeur ; for fruit then
was little grown by the common people ; it was seldom found except in
the gardens of the Wealthy ; the quality was inferior and the varieties wTere
few. Of grapes, however, the supplies were abundant, but only in limited
regions, for the space within which this fruit flourishes is insignificant when
compared with the space suited to producing bread. Fruit will not be
grown in times of dissention and war ; naturally, it is a product of peace,
and in those countries only where labor is rewarded and the rights of indi-
628 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
viduals respected. The extent to which fruit is grown in any country indi
cates how much liberty is enjoyed, and how much intelligence the people
possess. In England more fruit was raised two hundred years ago than now,
for then each yeoman, living on a small farm of his own, cultivated fruit of
all kinds, and in the aggregate the amount was large. When the yeomen
removed to America, their lands were united to large farms, and when the
orchards decayed, there was no one interested in replanting them, for only
one family owning the soil, was to be supplied. For the same reasons such
productions as eggs, poultry, honey, and feathers, which once were in full sup
ply, now are largely imported from France, for the reason that in this country
much of the land is owned by the cultivators. But into such small parcels
is the land divided in France, that they scarcely deserve the name of farms.
In the United States, fruit-growing is more extensive, and the business is
pursued with more energy and skill than in any other part of the world.
The French have the reputation of being skillful fruit-growers, but this
would seem not the case, for the reason that foremen and not proprietors are
in charge, and wherever this is the case, a pursuit can be successful only in
part. On the occasion of several Horticultural Exhibitions, both in England
and France, where large numbers of specimens of apples and pears were
shown, it was found upon inspection that many plates bearing different
names were the same. Such ignorance in any fruit-grower's collection in
this country would stamp him as a pretender. It is true, that about forty
years ago, there was great confusion regarding varieties in all our nurseries,
but in the general advancement of agricultural, and other knowledge, it
has disappeared.
It is taken for granted that English farming is better than ours, and they
who suppose so, speak of the high average of their wheat crop and their fine
breeds of cattle. So little attention has been paid to what may be called
Agricultural Geography, that many errors arise. England by reason of
climate alone has no superior. The large amount of moisture, and at the
same time the tendency of the Gulf Stream to give a much higher tempera
ture than would be natural in so high a latitude, undoubtedly do make it
the best country for the grasses in the world. Perhaps, however, a belt of
country some 200 miles wide and 1,500 miles long, through the center of
which runs the parallel of forty-one degrees, and reaching from the Atlantic
in New England, to the great plains in Kansas and Nebraska, is nearly equal.
It would be impossible to grow the Short-horns, or the South-downs, or Lei-
cesters in France as successfully as they are grown in England. On the prair
ies of Illinois, where grass and grain are abundant, the common herds of
cattle, with good care and with perhaps a slight dash of Durham blood,
have been brought up to a grade nearly equal to pure Durhams, and they
are constantly improving. When the Kerry cattle, which thrive on short
and rough feed, are transferred to rich pastures, they gradually lose their dis
tinctive character and progress towards a higher type. That England raises
more wheat than we raise is true, but they do not raise a bushel at less cost.
Only by raising double crops can their rent be paid. High farming there is
1869.] PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. 629
as much an evidence of impending distress as of agricultural skill. Whether
fanning is good or poor is not to be decided by large or small crops of
coarse products, but by the condition of the laboring people. If wages are
low, if the laborer is ignorant, and if he has no other home in his old age
than the hospital or the work house, farming is not good, because it shows
that food is scarce, and it is scarce because with such labor only meat and
bread can be raised. Whenever grain is raised to be sent out of a country,
the average yield will be smaller than if the same amount finds a market at
home among manufacturing people. It is probably an advantage to us that
we raise so little wheat, for whatever we spare now enriches the soil of Eng
land and impoverishes our own, and until a proper time the capacities of our
soil might as well remain undeveloped.
That time is rapidly approaching. Changes which in former periods of
human progress required many ages, now occur in a few generations. Goethe
says that although progress seems to be in a circle, for the past appears to
be repeated, still this circle is a spiral, hence, the short time in which a circle
in these last ages is repeated. There are signs that new conditions are be
fore us, called into being by improved methods of culture and above all, by
the advance in mechanic arts. Whenever changes come, distress is an attend
ant. The most startling fact is, that when crops shall be cut short by rea
son of drought, frost or the ravages of insects, as great a deficiency will be
found now as ever existed in semi-barbarous ages. The immense growth of
cities and towns through the interior, with a population which consumes
but does not produce, already have made the market in these places where
bread used to be cheap, comparatively dear, and as this class of people in
creases, bread must grow still dearer and more deficient in supply. Mean
while, the demand from sea board cities and foreign countries is so constant
and the means of transportation so easy and uninterrupted, that it is impos
sible for stocks of any kind of food to accumulate; hence when distress
comes, as come it must, nowhere will there be granaries from which supplies
can be drawn. This condition is not confined to our country alone. The
grain regions of Russia, Hungary, the Black Sea and Egypt, are swept every
year by demands from the commercial nations of western Europe, and now,
notwithstanding their triumphs in science, arts and agriculture, bread is as
difficult to obtain as when the land was sown by women or slaves and the
plow was the crooked branch of a tree hardened in the fire. Continually
does a merciless destiny seem to pursue the human race. Still, with the dif
fusion of knowledge and with expertness in many industries, we must turn
and grapple with this destiny that what has been gained through many
ages of suffering and tears may not be lost.
To bring agriculture another important step forward, it is required that
the high culture established in England for the growing of special crops on
a large scale should be applied to the small farm system in America. This
can be done by giving such an education to those of our young men intend
ing to be farmers, as shall enable them to cultivate by their own labor a few
acres devoted to a variety of productions, with the same success that wheat
630 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
and roots are grown in England by hired labor. Our Common School system,
the intelligence and wealth of our people, prepare the way for our agricul
tural colleges. These may or may not be successful at their outset, but should
they fail in whole or in part, the need for such knowledge as they alone can
give will compel the repetition of efforts until our hopes shall be realized.
Whenever a class of men, both educated and practical, shall appear, such
changes will follow as would shock many were they to come now.
Scientific agriculture, properly speaking, is so little understood that it has
not even been defined. Every science must have for its foundation a classifi
cation, the element of which is analysis, but this has not been attempted in
agriculture. The first steps in this direction will be to consider what pro
ductions belong to particular climates in connection with particular soils,
and the lines of latitude and even of longitude are to be traced on which
particular crops can be grown most successfully. This will require many
details and the whole will come under the general head of Agricultural
Geography.
Next, one should have a general analysis of soils, by which it will be ascer
tained from what sources they have been derived, whether from the decom
position of primitive, lime or sand-rock or from secondary elements such as
fresh and salt water deposits, and decayed vegetation, including the order
of their formation, their depth, also the effect of climate, rain fall and local
influences, all of which will come under the general head of Agricultural
Geology. When these divisions in all their necessary details are classified,
the way will be opened for chemical agriculture by which the application
of special fertilizers may be intelligently and profitably made. And yet, this
is the only branch of scientific agriculture which has hitherto demanded
attention, although it is anticipating its position of time by at least one
generation of active and broad investigation. Whatever may be the success
of scientific men in other branches where they discover principles and leave
others to make the application, little can be expected from their researches as
thus far conducted in regard to the agriculture of a continent, where the
elevation of the laborer is of first importance. Great changes must come be
fore the scientific agriculturist shall himself plant and cultivate the soil
which he studies, still, changes certainly are before us, and the change re
ferred to will be no greater than has taken place since the time when the cul
tivator wore a brass collar around his neck inscribed with his master's name.
If the investment of capital in improved real estate shall be continued,
the time must come when land will be in a few hands, and the laborer will
be degraded. Nor can there be relief except by revolution, for there are no
more continents to be discovered to keep back the evil day. Nothing is
better settled than that the management, economies and yield of large farms
are less than on the same amount of land divided into small farms. This
is manifest from the fact that the large landed proprietor knows as if by
instinct, that only coarse staple articles of food can be grown at a profit, and
accordingly their efforts are so limited as in English farming. By such a
system, an overseer directs, wages must be low because skill is neither de-
1869.] PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. (33!
veloped nor required, and the laborer sinks almost to a level with the animal
he drives. Fortunately, there is so much land in America, and it has gone
into the hands of so many, that at present wages are high, and it may be
generally stated that farming on a large scale is unprofitable, while in many
cases, whether on a large or small scale where wages are paid, all the profits
are absorbed. Notwithstanding that land is growing still dearer, so great
is the success attendant upon the small farm system, the happiness, the in
telligence and the independence it has produced, that which has been gained
can neither be lost nor forgotten, and before the people of this country
would submit to the accumulation of land in a few hands, they would arise
and demand that their natural right to the soil be confirmed by agrarian
laws.
Had attention been called to one subject before, less labor, time and vexa
tion would be required to adopt a proper plan now. This is the employment
of the wicked, the ignorant and the idle. No high standard can be reached,
and labor cannot be justly rewarded, while so many able-bodied men eat
the bread of idleness. These should be the care of the state. Millions of
acres of highly productive land can be obtained by drainage, which now
exhale miasmas, breeding fevers and pestilence ; while other millions yield
ing small or uncertain crops, require the application of much labor that
their product may be abundant and sure.
That this class, now, in the aggregate, beginning to be numerous enough
to make a nation, should prey upon the industrious and taint the moral
atmosphere with the miasm of wickedness, should be left unrestrained to
generate crime without a hope of improvement, is a disgrace to our civil
ization. In self-defence, and if necessary by force, they must be set to work,
and when they learn how much labor sweetens and purifies life, they will
be thankful to be taught how to live. This measure is demanded that man
himself may be elevated, and that the whole world may be made better.
Possibly our own vagrants might be absorbed by the operations of natural
causes, but we can do little with the multitudes of foreigners who in an un
interrupted stream crowd to our shores with no other knowledge than that
of living some how without labor. The next progressive move among ad
vanced nations, will be first in considering, and next, in executing, a plan
for transforming swindlers, petty thieves and beggars into steady and useful
laborers. No enterprise conducted by the state has ever been so successful
as when connected with practical agriculture. Some excellent farms in our
country have few or no laborers, but such as are insane. At Lusk, near Dub
lin, Ireland, a government farm is worked by criminals of an intermediate
grade, with the most remarkable success, for under skillful but mild manage
ment and without guards, the productions are abundant. Progress in the
reformation of the criminal is almost in exact proportion to his progress in
becoming a good farmer. The Divine blessing seems to descend upon him
who earns his bread by the sweat of his brow, and we may suspect that
more crimes originate from idleness and ignorance than from an evil heart.
632 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
CURRENCY AND FINANCE.
BY HORACE GKEELET.
The use of Gold and Silver as measures of the value of, and media of pay
ment for, all other property, is older than History — older than Tradition. So
long ago as the time of Abraham, we find that Silver had been divided or
cast into " shekels " of definite value, and doubtless of specific weight also.
The oldest pieces still existing are of square or oblong form, rather thinner
than our modern coins of similar size : such were the Jewish u shekels," and
such are the Japanese " itzebus " and other coins of to-day. Older than the
invention of letters, the most ancient pieces of silver had no inscriptions,
and were distinguished from those of different values, by size only. The cir
cular form and raised edges of the coins of modern Christendom were obvi
ously adopted to reduce to a minimum the loss of metal by wearing or
rubbing. Governments, at an early day, coined gold and silver, and gave
them legal recognition as money; but they had already been made such by
the common consent of the more enlightened portions of mankind ; while
savages who lacked them were constrained to employ shells, beads, iron, nails,
and other things less convenient and less widely accepted.
Though paper money was unknown till the invention of printing, kings
had often, when sorely pressed by the exigencies of war or the fruits of their
own prodigality, called in the money of their subjects for re-coinage, and
debased it from ten to fifty per cent. — replenishing their coffers by impover
ishing all within their power. They were ready enough to borrow when in
need — as they often were — and were willing to pay (or rather promise) liberal
rates of interest ; but few were inclined to lend them, except at short dates
and on the distinct pledge of jewels and other valuables, or of specified reve
nues, as security for repayment. Royal debts were thus frequently incurred
in preparing for some crusade or other costly expedition ; but National debts,
now so vast and so general, are mainly the creation of the last century.
Rome, having absorbed the then civilized world, and having, by the intro
duction or the toleration of Slavery, degraded labor and discouraged industrial
progress, the discovery of mines and the production of the precious met
als nearly ceased; while the luxurious tastes and habits of the wealthy
impelled a continual importation of silks, spices, &c., from India and China,
which took little but gold and silver in return. The circulating medium of
exchanges and payments being thus insensibly drawn away and not replaced,
the Roman Empire languished under a growing dearth of money and a steady
decline of prices. As fixed property constantly depreciated in value, those
who bought on credit were too often unable to pay at maturity, and so sank
into hopeless insolvency. Hence, labor lacked employment, since few chose
to plant, or build, or improve, when the resulting property would be worth
less than its cost. Population, wealth, prospeiity, all declined and dwindled
under the combined influences of labor in shackles and enterprise and busi
ness devoid of money wherewith to employ and pay that which was still free.
And, though the silent progress of Christianity, the fruits of successive irrup-
G'URRENCY AND FINANCE. 633
tions and conquests by barbarians, and the pressure of general poverty and
wretchedness, combined to wear out Slavery, the scarcity of money still
weighed upon the energies of Europe, down to the close of the 15th century.
The discovery of America by Columbus, and the consequent rapid and vast
increase of money, wrought a great and sudden revolution. Prices rapidly
appreciated : those who bought, or built, or in any manner improved, were
almost always enabled to sell at an advance upon cost. Labor was no longer
a drug in the market, but in eager demand at prices beyond precedent,
yet steadily augmented. The energies of the civilized world received an
unwonted stimulus, and wealth was increased and comfort diffused as they
never before had been. Soon, Banking — which had already a foot-hold at
Venice, Amsterdam and perhaps two or three other great commercial centers
— began to be diffused, increasing enormously the power of a definite amount
of money to effect transfers of property, even while each bank adhered to
the original conception of a mere place of safe deposit for the precious metals
and other valuables at a very moderate cost. A bit of paper representing a
large sum was passed from hand to hand with a facility previously unknown,
and effected many transfers of property while Croesus or Shylock would have
been counting, testing and weighing, the coins which were tendered in pay
ment for a single cargo or estate. After a time, it was discovered that the
coin represented by the receipts or notes of a bank need not all be kept on
deposit — that its promises to pay coin on demand might safely be based in
good part on the obligations of its solvent and thrifty borrowers who had
covenanted to return, on specified days yet future, the sums loaned them res
pectively. Henceforth, the development of banking was rapid, and the general
supply of currency much larger than it had been, even since the vast infusion
of the Precious Metals from the New World.
The British Colonies on the American coast were late in their reception of
the golden shower. Planted considerably later than the French colony north
of them or the Spanish and Portuguese colonies south of them, they had no
discovered mines of gold or silver ; their climate was harsher, and their soil
generally less facile and less fertile than that cultivated by their southern
neighbors ; while they were required to hew their future farms out of gigan
tic forests which stubbornly resisted their progress. Agriculture and fish
ing, their two leading pursuits, were not favorable to the rapid acquisition
of wealth ; while the jealous monopoly of the trade of their colonies main
tained by Spain and Portugal, closed their most direct and easy road to the
acquisition of gold and silver. A dearth of money was long sorely felt ; and
this, with the frequent resort to loans by several of the colonies in fitting out
and sustaining large military expeditions against the hostile French and
Indians, led to the general introduction and use of that seductive but dan
gerous form of paper currency which consists of the naked promises of the
state to pay, whenever it shall be convenient, small specified sums ; a certain
practical value being given to these promises by making them, if not a legal
tender for all debts whatever, at least receivable for taxes and in payments to
the issuing parties. Most of the British colonies had become accustomed to
634 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
this currency before the outbreak of their Revolutionary struggle ; and the
fact that eight shillings in some of them, seven and sixpence in others, four
and sixpence in still others, were the established, recognized equivalents of
the Spanish coin known as a dollar, marks and measures the ultimate depre
ciation of the several issues, in the estimation of the authorities which had
put them respectively in circulation.
The Revolutionary War, prior to the entrance of France upon the arena as
our ally, sorely overtaxed the resources of our fathers. Though the number
of men they sent into the field as soldiers bore no greater proportion to their
numbers than did that of our rebels in the late civil war, their deficiency
in manufactures and in accumulated wealth was so immense, that the average
of not more than fifty thousand men under arms drew more heavily on
their resources than the half million to one million defenders of the Union
kept on foot from December, 1861, to July, 1865, did on ours. Unaccus
tomed to burdensome taxation, with their foreign trade and fisheries almost
suspended, and with their manufactures hardly yet begun, the cost of recruit
ing, fitting out and arming, the Continental armies, told fearfully on their
means, and led the newly declared States, or most of them, to an early resort to
the now familiar expedient of Government paper currency. The new issues
were known as Continental money, and for a time served their end ; but, as
more and more of them were set afloat, and no means of redemption pro
vided, they inevitably depreciated — at first, gradually and moderately, but at
length with an accelerated momentum, until they finally sunk out of use
and out of countenance — a hundred dollars being eagerly given for a break
fast, which twenty-five cents in specie could have purchased, and the bargain
being still a hard one for the caterer. By common consent, the Continental
notes came at last to be regarded and recognized as of no value whatever.
Meantime, the French Alliance had given the struggling people of the United
States a credit in Europe to which they were not intrinsically entitled, and
loans were negotiated, both at Paris and Amsterdam, which supplied them
with arms and munitions, and enabled them to feed their armies much better
than during the bitterly remembered winters of Washington's encampment
successively at Morristown and at Valley Forge. A handsome loan, consider
ing the means of the lenders, wras subscribed by the merchants of Philadelphia,
under the lead of Robert Morris ; and the several States were enabled from
time to time to borrow considerable sums from their wealthier citizens, and
from others, which served to eke out their scanty resources, and helped to
save the cause of Independence from collapse through absolute bankruptcy.
Peace being at length achieved, the average condition of our people was
deplorable indeed. The little Silver and less Gold which had been in the
country wThen the strife began, had mainly been sent abroad in payment for
munitions, and for the few goods that it was attempted to import, despite
the blockade of our coast by British cruisers — our exports, other than of
coin, being of no account. The whole country, save a part of New England,
had for years been traversed and ravaged by contending armies, often with
out rations. Industry had been fearfully deranged and demoralized ; and,
1800.] CURRENCY AND FINANCE. 635
now that the stimulus of war was withdrawn, and no other substituted, its
pulse beat languidly indeed. The Continental issues being discredited and
discarded, there was next to no money in circulation, and very little which
would command money. Our Manufactures were still in the germ ; our
Agriculture was yet struggling with the primeval wilderness, and every way
rude, desultory and inefficient. And, could its products have been instantly
doubled, there were no markets open to receive them. Not till the great
wars which, years afterward, grew out of the French Revolution, did Europe
open wide her ports to our staples ; while the trade of this Continent, outside
of our then comparatively narrow limits, was held and treated by the colo
nizing powers as a close monopoly in the hands of their subjects. Hence,
the payment of debts, and even of taxes, was widely deemed a moral impos
sibility ; and the Shays's Rebellion in Western Massachusetts, with kindred
though less pronounced and less formidable commotions in New Hampshire
and other States, attested the general prevalence of poverty and misery. The
country remained torpid, as if stricken by paralysis, until the adoption of
the Federal Constitution and the formation of a more efficient government
under the Presidency of Gen. Washington.
To Alexander Hamilton was now confided the charge of our National
Finances ; and never was a selection more fortunate. A zealous patriot, a
good soldier, an able lawyer, his services in the domain of Finance have
dwarfed, by comparison, all his other achievements. By procuring the charter
of a National Bank and the passage of a Tariff which avowed the Protection
of Home Manufactures to be one of its cardinal objects ; by recommending
and carrying through Congress the Assumption by the Union of the Debts
of the several States — debts incurred in prosecuting and invigorating the
War of Independence — and by providing the ways and means of meeting
regularly the interest and gradually extinguishing the principal of the entire
National Debt thus consolidated — Col. Hamilton firmly established the solv
ency and credit of the Government, while arousing the Industry and Trade
of the country from the torpor of despair to the activity of thrift and well-
grounded life.
The National Debt thus consolidated (the discarded Continental money
not included) amounted to One Hundred and Twenty-five Millions ; but, if
we add to this the sums afterward accorded — not as a dole of charity, but
as the payment of a sacred debt — in pensions to the ill-fed and worse-paid
soldiers of the Revolution, it will be swelled to Two Hundred Millions of Dol
lars — a heavier burden, if we consider the comparative population and wealth
of the country in 1790 and in 1865 respectively, and the relative value of
money — than was or is that imposed on us by the Slaveholders1 Rebellion.
Yet the impoverished country now commenced forthwith the regular payment
of the interest on that large amount, with the current cost of supporting the
Government, and soon proceeded to reduce the principal so vigorously and
persistently that — in spite of the rupture of '98 with France and the various
embargoes to which our infant commerce was subjected, whether by the in
justice of European rulers or the folly of our own — the principal of the Debt
636 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
had been gradually reduced to Forty-five Millions, when the outbreak in
1812 of our second War with Great Britain soon raised it again to an aggre
gate of Seventy-five Millions.
In this War, though its duration was brief and the efforts put forth on our
side must be pronounced feeble and halting in view of our vastly increased
resources, the National .credit was strained to the utmost. Before it closed,
our Banks, save those of New England, had suspended specie payment, and
their notes were depreciated from ten to forty per cent. Yet the Treasury
continued to receive those notes, not merely in payment of subscriptions to
its loans, but in payment of duties on imports as well ; giving to the importer
at Norfolk, Charleston or Savannah, a decided advantage over the importer
at Boston, Providence or Portland. And, though attention was called to
this injustice by Mr. Webster in 1815, no action was taken for its correction
until late in the following year.
Although the depreciated notes of Suspended Banks were freely taken in
payment of subscriptions to loans, and twelve per cent, was at length the prof
fered rate of interest, yet some loans were still accepted and paid in the bills
of Suspended Banks, at a discount of twelve per cent. In other words, the
Government received but seventy-five or six dollars in real money for its prom
ise to pay one hundred dollars, with interest meantime at twelve per cent.
The Protective policy having been deliberately affirmed, after earnest,
protracted debate, in the passage of the Tariff of 1816, and the Protective
principle having received a fuller application in the Tariffs of 1824 and 1828,
especially in the latter, the country bounded forward on a career of prosper
ity, through the increase and diversification of its Industry, so that the Debt
melted away more and more rapidly, until the last dollar was paid in 1836,
and a surplus of thirty-six millions was accumulated in the Treasury, three-
fifths of which, by direction of Congress, was deposited pro rain with the
several States in the course of 1836-7. Meantime, the attempt of South Caro
lina, under the lead of John C. Calhoun, to nullify the Tariff by the Ordinance
of her Convention, had led to the adoption in 1833 of a Compromise Tariff,
proposed by Mr. Clay to prevent the passage of one reported by Mr. Verplanck
from the Committee of Ways and Means, making instant and more sweeping
reductions. By the Compromise Tariff, the existing duties were reduced
each year by the remission of one-tenth of the excess over twenty per cent,
ad valorem, so that, on the 4th day of March, 1842, no article imported should
pay a higher duty than twenty per cent.: that rate being assumed by the Free
Traders as the proper revenue standard.
But here a strange anomaly was presented. While the Tariff stigmatized
by Free Traders as prohibitory had afforded a revenue (wholly from duties
on imports, except what accrued from sales of Public Lands) which amply
supported the Government and paid off the National Debt, interest and
principal, the Revenue Tariff failed to supply the means of barely support
ing the Government in time of peace and in the entire absence of Debt !
Mr. Van Buren's Administration (1837-41) was compelled to issue Treasury
Notes (that is, borrow money), before the climax of reduction had been
ISfiO.l CURRENCY AND FINANCE. Qjjy
reached ; -while for the two years (July, '40 to July, '42) wherein the duties
stood at or near the assumed revenue point, the total receipts into the Treasury
from duties on imports fell below Fifteen Millions per annum. Congress
was thus constrained to return in 1842 to Protective rates by the demon
strated impossibility of meeting the current expenditures under any other.
The first National Bank, chartered in 1791, had been allowed to expire by
limitation. A bill to re-charter it was lost in the Senate by the casting vote
of its President. The sad experience of the War of 1812, however, opened
many eyes; so that Messrs. Clay, Calhoun and other Republicans, who had
opposed the re-charter, were zealous advocates of the new Bank chartered
in 1816. This encountered the active hostility of President Jackson, who
vetoed the bill extending its charter which had passed both branches of a
Jackson Congress ; and the re-election of that President soon afterward
(1832) sealed its doom. The removal of the Federal Deposits from this Bank
in 1833, in disregard of a vote of the House, and through the instrumental
ity of a Secretary of the Treasury (Roger B. Taney) appointed for the pur
pose, vice William J. Duane, removed, lashed the political elements to fury ;
but, after a vehement struggle, the President triumphed, and the Deposits were
not restored. The Bank, having afterward accepted a re-charter from the State
of Pennsylvania, lost its National character, and ultimately foiled.
The Debt incurred under the Revenue Tariff was soon wiped out upon a
return to Protection; but the War with Mexico, which broke out in 1840,
involved us in a fresh Debt before its close, which was swelled by the pay
ment of Fifteen Millions of Dollars to that Republic in compensation for
cessions of territory made by her in the treaty of peace, and again by the
payment of Ten more Millions to Texas under the Compromise of 1850, for
the surrender of her claim to territory north of her allotted boundaries,
known as New Mexico. Yet the general balance of Income over Expendi
ture, even under the reduced Tariff of 1846, was gradually reducing the Debt;
so that Hon. Howell Cobb, Mr. Buchanan's Secretary of the Treasury, bought
up and cancelled (1858-9) several Millions of outstanding five per cent,
stock, for which he paid a premium of over fifteen per cent. Before the close
of that Administration, however, the Income fell off so that a new six per cent,
loan was advertised, bids, mostly above par, received and accepted (October,
1860) ; but the prospect of coming trouble induced many of the bidders to
forfeit the one per cent, deposited as a guaranty, rather than fulfill their en
gagements, leaving the Treasury still empty. Mr. Cobb now advertised a
new loan (December, 1860), soliciting proposals for three-year bonds at par —
the bidder to name the rate of interest at which he would trust the Govern
ment with his money. Secession at the South having by this time been fairly
inaugurated, threatening a great civil war of doubtful issue, but a small sum
was offered so low as six per cent., while bids were made at no less than
thirty-six per cent, per annum ; the average of the bids received being not
far from twelve per cent. The Secretary accepted only the bids at twelve
per cent, or under, though these did not nearly supply the Twelve Millions
he had asked for ; and so — before a blow had been struck or a shot fired in
638 TQE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [I860.
the great War of Secession — our Government credit was tainted and its ener
gies crippled by the fact, everywhere notorious, that it had been obliged to
borrow money at a rate so exorbitant as twelve per cent, per annum. And
the money thus obtained was required to defray its ordinary peace outgoes ;
no dime having been expended to increase its armaments or strengthen its
defences down to the retirement of Mr. Buchanan, March 3, 1861.
Six weeks later, the guns of the new-born Southern Confederacy, long
before planted within easy range of the devoted Sumter, thundered out
that Confederacy's challenge of the Union to mortal combat. They roused
to action a people and a Government as unprepared for the deadly fray as
had ever yet been called to struggle for existence with a determined and
sanguinary foe. The Rebels enjoyed from the start the immense advantage
of thoroughly comprehending the nature and magnitude of the contest they
inaugurated, and of realizing that all hopes of compromise or conciliation
were idle and delusive. Slavery made war, not for half the countrv, but the
whole of it. Had it succeeded in wrenching from the Union an acknowl
edgement of the independence of the Confederacy, it would in time have
drawn nearly or quite every Free State into its league, by a force resistless
as gravitation. To far-sighted observers, it was apparent from the outset
that but one of the two great National Debts that the struggle was certain
to call into existence would ever be paid. In the first flush of popular
enthusiasm excited by the bombardment and reduction of Port Sumter,
money, arms, munitions and supplies of all kinds, as well as men, were boun
teously proffered to the Federal Government on its own terms. Banks and
capitalists unlocked their coffers, merchants threw open their stores, and
bade it take whatever it would have. This, of course, could not long con
tinue, as the war daily assumed broader proportions and made yet greater
exactions. When Congress met, (July 4, 1861), its attention was promptly
and emphatically called to the necessity of providing ways and means for
the prosecution of the struggle. Though very few yet apprehended that
the war would be a long one, the urgent requirement of new taxes as well as
new loans was generally conceded. Mr. Lincoln had called to the head of
the Treasury Department, Hon. Salmon P. Chase, who, while four years Gov
ernor of Ohio, had acquired some practical familiarity wi|h Finance. An
able and courageous statesman, Mr. Chase, throughout the three trying years
that followed, evinced a faith in the magnitude and elasticity of the National
resources which could not fail to influence the judgment and the sympathies
of those with whom he dealt. In the darkest hours of National disaster and
depression, he appealed to those who had money as though they could no
more afford to refuse him loans than he could afford to do without them.
The Banks, having been borrowed dry by the Treasury, suspended Specie
Payments near the close of 1861. It was wholly impossible to borrow coin
thereafter; while the issue of Treasury Notes was a resource nearly or quite
exhausted. It was clear that a Paper Currency, irredeemable while the War
lasted, must be employed to maintain our extended Military operations, now
calling for Forty or Fifty Millions per month. To the late Thaddeus Stevens
1809.] CURRENCY AND FINANCE. 639
justly belongs the credit (or discredit) of proposing, early in 1862, that the
Treasury Notes henceforth issued should be a Legal Tender, not only in all
payments to the Government, but in the payment of debts due by and to
individuals or corporations. The act which first embodied this bold propo
sition provided that no more than One Hundred and Fifty Millions of Treas
ury Notes, including the Fifty Millions already afloat, should ever be issued,
and that each and all of them should be fundable at the holder's option in
bonds of the United States, bearing six per cent, interest, and redeemable
after five years and within twenty years. Congress decided to make the
interest payable in coin, which was no part of Mr. Stevens's programme, but
was strenuously resisted by him — so strenuously that he finally voted against
the bill. The Legal Tender clause of the measure, however, commanded his
vigorous, effective advocacy, and was probably indebted thereto for its tri
umph. The act — which also provided for a new loan of Five Hundred
Millions — was approved by President Lincoln, Feb. 25, 1862.
Experience had long before proved the instability of whatever barriers
may be opposed, in times of war and public peril, to the augmentation of
Paper Issues. Though the Legal Tender act provided that there should
never be more than One Hundred and Fifty Millions of Legal Tenders afloat,
the amount authorized was soon increased to Four Hundred Millions, while
the privilege of funding them in Five-Twenties at par was restricted to a few
months and then withdrawn. The original act had further stipulated that
at least one per cent, of the entire National Debt should be bought up and
canceled in the course of each fiscal year ; but no consistent regard has been
had to this provision.
The depreciation of the Legal Tenders — at first, slow and slight — became
rapid and serious after the grave reverses of McClellan on the Peninsula and
of Pope in his Rappahannock campaign; still more, after the successive fail
ures of Bumside at Fredericksburg and Hooker at Chancellorsville. There
were later hours of intense popular depression when Lee was advancing as a
conqueror into Pennsylvania, and again when Grant, after his bloody advance
through Virginia to the James, was stopped by Lee's fortified lines enclosing
Petersburg, and encountered a severe and seemingly needless rebuff at the
explosion of Burnside's mine. The incursion of Early into Maryland, (July,
1864), and the defeat of "Wallace at the Monocacy, exposing Baltimore and
Washington to attack if not to capture, while Hunter, driven from Lynch -
burg over the Allegheriies, was making his long detour through West Vir
ginia to regain the valley of the Shenandoah, incited another more transient
spasm of National despair, which sent up the premium on gold very nearly
to its highest point. That point was 290— that is, $1,000 in gold would
purchase $2,900 of Greenbacks, or Treasury Notes, though these were in the
law's eye equivalent, dollar for dollar, to those, and would legally discharge any
mortgage or pay any debt incurred when there were no dollars not equal to
coin. For a few days only was the legal currency so enormously depreciated ;
but it may be fairly estimated that the average depreciation of the Green
backs, throughout the years wherein our present vast Debt was contracted,
640 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1SC3.
was equal to fifty per cent. — that is, $150 in Greenbacks would buy but $100
in coin. And it can not be doubted that our Debt is considerably larger than
it would have been had it been found possible to maintain Specie Payments
and yet borrow at fair rates the vast sums required to raise, equip, arm, trans
port and feed, our immense armies.
Whether the Debt would have been larger or smaller had the Government
really tried to maintain Specie Payments and had borrowed the money needed
on such terms as must have been proffered, is very doubtful, assuming that
the money could thus have been borrowed at all. We have seen that, in the
comparatively trivial war with Great Britain in 1812-14, our Government
borrowed money at twelve per cent., receiving for each $100 bond but $88,
and accepting this in the paper of non-specie paying banks, often 15 to 25 per
cent, below par. Had it been possible to fight out our civil war on a Hard
Money basis, we must have encountered, on the offering of each new loan, a pre
sumption that the next would be proffered on terms still more advantageous to
the taker; hence, too many would have quietly resolved not to bid for this
loan, but await the Government's tender, a few months hence, of conditions
still more tempting. The British Consols (three per cents.), which now range
between 90 and 95, seldom touching the lower point indicated, were largely
issued at or below 60, were sometimes down nearly to 50, and, at the time
('98) of the great mutiny in the fleet at the Nore, so low as 48. It is, highly
probable that, even had our Government adopted the perilous expedient of
carrying on the war with the notes of the no longer specie-paying State
Banks, it would have had to sell its bonds, even for these, at a very heavy
discount, long before the triumphs of Sherman at Atlanta and Grant at Ap-
pomattox.
Even with a currency which included $400,000,000 of Greenbacks and
$300,000,000 of National Bank Notes (the substitution of National for State
Bank issues being an integral part of the new system of Finance), the Treas
ury was constrained to resort to various devices and expedients to meet the
incessant, ever-widening demands upon it for money. First of these in the
order of time was that of Certificates of Indebtedness — usually payable one
year from date — wherewith contractors to furnish arms, munitions and sup
plies of all kinds, were mainly paid a good part of their bills — they getting
them discounted at banks or selling them to individual purchasers at 1 to 5
per cent, below par. Very large drafts on the Treasury were temporarily
headed off by the use of these Certificates. When the Five Hundred Million
six per cent, loan ("Five-Twenties") had been skillfully engineered by Jay
Cooke to a considerable premium, a five per cent, loan ("Ten-Forty") of
Two Hundred Millions was put on the market, and with more difficulty
piloted to its appointed haven. Then more " Five-Twenties " were offered ;
and, as the sale of these slackened, because the ability to lend was overtaxed
by the Government's insatiable demands, a "Compound Interest Note,"
bearing six per cent, (currency) interest and payable at the expiration of
three years — being meantime a legal tender for the amount borne on its face —
was presented and worked off, to the amount of nearly or quite Two Hun-
1869.] CURRENCY AND FINANCE. G41
dred Millions. Finally, a " Seven-Thirty " was devised and very largely
negotiated, mainly near the close or after the close of the struggle. This
bond was payable three years from date, in the legal currency of the coun
try, with interest at the rate of 7 -j3d per annum, or two cents per day on each
$100 loaned, and was fundable on maturity at the option of the holder in
" Five-Twenties " at par. This option proving valuable, nearly all the Seven
or Eight Hundred Millions of these bonds issued were ultimately funded in
''Five-Twenties," which are still outstanding.
At no time was opportunity offered for question or doubt as to the medium
in which the interest on the various loans was payable. The " Five-Twen
ties " and the ''Ten-Forties " bore on their face a promise that the interest
was payable in coin ; while the twenty-year Sixes issued prior to the passage
of the Legal Tender act, with all the previously outstanding Debt, having
been contracted when dollars meant dollars, no question could fairly arise
as to these. So with the " Compound Interest" notes, " Seven-Thirties," and
Certificates of Indebtedness, which were issued with a clear understanding
that they would be paid in " lawful money." But as to the " Five-Twenties,"
including those ultimately issued in redemption of the " Seven-Thirties," it
was argued that the principal might fairly be paid in Greenbacks, because
nothing was expressly stipulated to the contrary, while the Legal Tender act,
in authorizing the issue of $150,000,000 Greenbacks, declared that "these
notes shall be a legal tender for all debts, public and private," except Duties
on Imports and interest on the National Debt.
A ready answer to this cavil suggests itself when we consider that nobody
supposed or imagined, when the Legal Tender act was passed, that any differ
ence in value between coin and "lawful money" would exist when the principal
of those bonds should fall due. "Legal Tender" was reluctantly adopted by
Congress as a temporary expedient, designed in no case to outlast the heavy
requirements of actual war. To have stipulated in 1862 that bonds due after
18G6 should not be paid in depreciated paper would have seemed as absurd
as to enact that snow-banks and ice-cakes should not be allowed to encumber
our harvest-fields next August.
Some timorous soul having suggested, soon after the "Five-Twenties"
were first put on the market, that the principal might be held payable in
Greenbacks, the Government Agents for their negotiation gave the most un
qualified assurance that they were payable in coin. Their authority in the
premises being questioned, Secretary Chase repeated those assurances ; and
they were successively reiterated by his successors, Win. Pitt Fessenden and
Hugh McCulloch. When the subject first attracted the attention of Con
gress, several leading members, who had aided in maturing and passing the
Legal Tender act, expressed their entire concurrence in the exposition given
by Secretary Chase — Mr. Thaddeus Stevens, who had stoutly resisted the
proposition to make the interest payable in coin, alone insisting that the
principal might properly be paid in Greenbacks. The question thus raised
entered largely into the Presidential contest of 1868 — the Republican Na
tional Convention which nominated Grant and Colfax having somewhat
41
642 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
vaguely taken ground in favor of evincing the utmost good faith toward the
public creditors, fulfilling not the letter merely but the spirit of our obliga
tions to them; while the Democratic Convention which nominated Seymour
and Blair more specifically resolved that all National obligations not ex
pressly payable in coin, might and should be discharged in " lawful money."
The election of Gen. Grant is a virtual condemnation of this dictum.
The liquidated Debt of the United States was reported by Secretary
McCulloch, on the 1st of August, 18G5, to have been swelled to the enormous
amount of $2,757,000,000 ; and it was about the same on the 1st of the suc
ceeding month. If we add the sum afterward voted by Congress as muster-
ing-out bounty to honorably discharged soldiers who had fought in the War
for the Union, and the sums at that time due and since allowed to States for
equipping and arming regiments and batteries for that War, the real aggre
gate of our National Debt cannot have fallen much short of Three Billions
of Dollars. Even this estimate takes no account of Pensions accorded to
soldiers permanently disabled and crippled in that War, which call for some
Twenty-five Millions per annum, and may be fairly estimated as equal to an
additional Debt of not less than Two to Three Hundred Millions. And this
vast Debt imposed an annual charge on the National Industry of more
than One Hundred and Fifty Millions of Dollars ; whereas the much larger
Public Debt of Great Britain (Four Billions of Dollars) calls for but One
Hundred and Twenty Millions of interest per annum.
Against this enormous National Debt, our country, though severely devas
tated and impoverished by four years of gigantic, costly warfare, began
forthwith to make head : so that Mr. McCulloch wTas enabled to report, on
the 1st of December, 1867, that the principal had already been reduced by a
sum of Two Hundred and Sixty-six Millions of Dollars. Since then, how
ever, Congress has abolished the taxes on raw Cotton and on nearly all des
criptions of Manufactures, while some Forty Millions of new bonds have been
issued in aid of the various Pacific Railroads : the net result being a complete
arrest of the reduction of the principal of our indebtedness and a moderate
increase of its nominal aggregate — the bonds issued to Railroads being prima
rily payable, principal and interest, by them, and only in case of their failure,
by the United States. The fact that we are no longer paying off Debt is,
however, unhappily beyond question.
A speedy resumption of Specie Payments, and the funding of our Five-
Twenties which have been five years outstanding, with other past-due obli
gations, in a new bond which shall draw but four or (at most) five per cent,
interest, are among our most pressing duties. We ought thus to be able,
without increasing our taxes, but by enforcing their more uniform collection,
aided by a wise and vigorous retrenchment of expenditures, to reduce the
.principal of our Debt by not less than Fifty Millions per annum, and thus,
by increasing our annual payments of principal, as less and less shall be re
quired for the satisfaction of interest, extinguish the last dollar of our Debt
before .the close of the present century.
1869.] MINING. 643
MINING.
BT ALBERT D. RICHARDSON.
METALS were known at a very early period. Most barbarous and semi-civ
ilized nations, especially Orientals, have always decorated their persons with
metallic ornaments ; and for this purpose probably, minerals were first dug
from the " everlasting hills." Abraham sent ear-rings and bracelets as a wed
ding present to Isaac's wTife. They have been preserved in the granite tombs
of Egyptian kings, and in the buried cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
They were found by Alexander in Babylon, by Cortcz in Mexico, and by
Lewis and Clarke among the remotest American Indians.
Metals became very early a medium of exchange. The special fitness of
gold and silver for money was obvious even to barbarians, on account of
their brightness, the ease of distinguishing them from other metals and
of making and stamping them, and their hardness, and freedom from liability
to rust. Abraham paid four hundred shekels of silver, "current money with
the merchant,1' — the Catholic version has it "common current money," — for
the cave of Machpelah, as a burial-place for Sarah his wife. His great-
grandson too was sold as a slave for twenty pieces of silver. At first gold
and silver seem to have been used in bars and wedges. Herodotus attributes
the invention of coinage to the Lybians. Coins had spread through the
civilized world four centuries before Christ. The ancient Mexicans had a
tin currency. Lycurgus made the money of Sparta of iron, and it is said to
have required a cart and a yoke of oxen to remove a hundred dollars of it.
The Carthaginians made money of leather. Caesar's Commentaries relate
that the early Britons used for money rings of brass or iron, " determined by
weight." In later times, tin, pewter and gun-metal have been used in coin
age in England, and platinum in Russia.
The first American coin wras a brass penny for the Virginia colony, made
in 1612. It was struck in the Bermudas, then known as the Summer Islands,
and it bore the legend "Sommer Island" and "a hogge" on one side, with
a ship in full sail, firing a gun, on the other. " Pine Tree Shillings " were coined
in Massachusetts in 1652, and some even circulated in England, where Charles
II. was assured that the tree represented the Royal Oak which saved his life.
This so mollified the u merrie monarch " that he was pleased to term the
sturdy colonists a " parcel of honest dogs." There is a story that the master
of the mint gave to his daughter as her wedding dowry, her weight in Pine
Tree shillings, putting her in one end of the scales and filling- up the other
with the shillings till they lifted her from the floor. Our first national coin
was the copper cent of 1787. Our present decimal system, invented by
Thomas Jefferson, went into operation in 1792. Our metallic coinage is not
so extensive as that of Great Britain. It has been calculated that the British
silver shillings alone would form a column upwards of a hundred miles high.
Mining among the ancients was rude and simple. Hand washing for gold
and the quarrying of other metal veins near the surface, were the methods first
practised. The tools found in ancient mines on this continent, are merely
644 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
rough hammers of stone. Pictorial representations of Egyptian mining
show criminals and prisoners of war digging ore out of the ground, crush
ing it into small pieces, grinding it to powder in hand mills, and washing
away the refuse and earth on broad inclined planes, while the smelters are
purifying the metals in crucibles. Blasting by gun-powder was introduced
about 1600. Before that time shafts and horizontal galleries were excavated
by hand, with great labor, and ores carried to the surface on the heads or
shoulders of workmen. The earliest improvement was the windlass. The
use of horse and water power successively followed, and then the steam en
gine which was first applied to mining by Watts, in Cornwall. The trans
portation of heavy ores led to the introduction of wooden railways, about 1676.
Iron was substituted half a century before the invention of the locomotive.
A mine usually consists of a vertical shaft, from which tunnels branch off
into the mineral veins. The deepest mine in the United States is in Nevada,
(silver), and is something over 1,200 ft. The deepest shaft in Cornwall, (tin),
is 2,112 ft. There is a silver mine in Peru 2,400 ft. The (silver and lead)
mine of Andreasberg, in the Hartz mountains, is 2,500 ft,, and a now aban
doned mine in Bohemia reached the unparalleled depth of more than 3,000
feet. There is a silver mine in the Andes 11,375 feet above sea-level, and a
gold mine in Colorado, 11,200 feet.
Steam hoisting machines are now so perfect, that workmen are lowered
into or lifted out of the deepest mines smoothly, safely, and almost instan
taneously. The earth and ores are brought up to the surface in the same
manner. Steam engines of great power are also used to pump out water.
Previous to 1775, persons employed in the coal mines of Scotland were
transferable with the estate. Under the laws of Great Britain, mines are
generally the property of the lords of the soil, who receive a royalty averag
ing one-fifteenth of the gross proceeds. No difference is recognised in the
United States between mineral and other property, the deeds of an estate
conveying entire control of all ores found on the property, unless specially
reserved. The miners in our various mineral districts in the new Territories
— usually opened before civil government is extended over them— make reg
ulations of their own, limiting the number of " feet " along a mineral lode,
to which the discoverer is entitled by right of discovery, and the restrictions
under which he or purchasers may hold additional " claims." They also
establish courts to determine questions of ownership which frequently arise,
as a lode or vein often runs into another, and it is difficult to distinguish
between them. After the establishment of civil lawr, these local regulations
are recognised as binding by the highest courts, both State and National.
Placer gold mines on the public lands, are free to all, and quartz lodes may
be pre-empted on the same principle as agricultural lands.
MINERAL WEALTH OF NATIONS.
RUSSIA was formerly the great gold-producing country of the world. Her
product began to decline in 1847, just before the California discoveries.
Mines— less rich than those of Australia and California— extend along the
1869.] MINING. , 545
Ural range for four hundred miles. From 1814 to 1860, their product was
$300,145,000. Silver and copper are also found in the Ural mountains, and
in Eastern Siberia. The iron mines, chiefly in Siberia, are of vast extent,
give employment to 50,000 laborers, and produce annually nearly half a mill
ion of tons. Some sheet-iron of excellent quality finds its way to this country.
AUSTRIA produces annually about $2,500,000 in gold and silver. She is
rich in quicksilver and in iron. The latter is used for rails on nearly all her
railways, and it proves very durable. Her annual yield of copper is 4,000
tons, and of lead, 6,000 tons. Her coal beds seem inexhaustible, though both
coal and iron mining are yet in their infancy.
' BELGIUM abounds in iron and zinc, and next to Great Britain, produces
more coal than any other country hi Europe.
FRANCE is agricultural rather than mining. A little gold is found in the
streams of the Pyrenees, and silver is also worked, but with small profit.
Coal beds are numerous, and have been greatly developed within the last
thirty years. Iron is the most abundant metal. The mines, over 800 in num
ber, employ 40,000 workmen, and are estimated to produce annually, $20,-
000,000 worth of pig iron. Lead is plentiful in Brittany, and copper abounds
in the Pyrenees, Alps and Vosges.
GREAT BRITAIN is extremely rich in coal and iron ; while copper, tin and
lead are also abundant. The number of active iron works is about 200, and
of furnaces in blast, 560. A little gold has been obtained from the south of
Scotland and Wicklow in Ireland, and the quartz veins of Wales now yield it
in small quantities. The mineral product of the kingdom in 1867, was:
Coal... ...104,500.480 tons... .. .$130.625.725 value.
Piglron 4,71)1,023 li 59,587,785
Copper 10.233 " 4,158,805
Lead 68,437 " 6,687,545
Silver 804,024 oz 1,077,000
Gold 1,520 " 29.450
Tin S,700tons 3,996,015
Zinc 3,750 " 398,465
Other Minerals, (Salt, Clay &c.).. 10,839,670
Total $217,400,460
SPAIN has mines of lead, tin, iron, copper and silver, which were worked
successively by Phrcnicians, Romans and Moors. Strabo and Pliny speak of
the country as rich in gold, but the present yield is estimated at only $8,000
per annum. Lead and iron are abundant, but copper and tin scarce. The
quicksilver mine of Almaden, worked over three thousand years ago, is still
the richest in the world.
HINDOSTAN contains all the metallic ores, and is specially rich in coal and
iron. Borneo yields annually, several millions of dollars in gold, and the
island of Banca in the Malay Archipelago, contains rich deposits of tin.
CHINA has produced gold, washed from the sands of the streams and
wrought into ornaments, from time immemorial, though the Chinese have
never used it for coin. Deposits believed valuable, have recently been discov
ered in the mountains north of Shanghae. They are known as the Shang-
tung mines. Whenever their richness shall be fully demonstrated, they will
doubtless attract miners from America and Europe, whatever attempts may
646 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
be made to exclude them. Coal, anthracite and bituminous, is abundant on
the Yang tse and in the northern peninsula. The surface veins, worked by
manual labor, yield an inferior article, but with proper machinery, China
would, soon become a great coal producing country. Considerable lead is
obtained, and a large portion of it consumed in the lining of tea chests.
JAPAN is reported to have yielded $200,000,000 in gold and silver between
1570 and 1740. Both metals are obtained in several portions of the island,
but not plentifully. Excellent copper and indifferent coal abound.
AUSTKALIA first became famous as a gold producing region through the
discoveiies made at Ballarat, in 1851, three years after the discovery of gold
in California. The largest nugget ever found, was worth $4,500. Enthusi
astic savans estimate that the veins of Victoria can give employment to a
hundred thousand laborers for three hundred years. The yield of the col
ony from the first gold discovery to the beginning of 1868 was $565,107,500
gold; $15,750 silver; $975, 225 tin. The present annual gold product stands
at about $25,000,000, of which one-fourth is from quartz veins, and the rest
from placers. The island is also rich in copper, and in excellent coal.
NEW ZEALAXD produces some gold and silver, chiefly by sluicing. The
principal gold-fields arc at Massacre Bay and in Otago. Quartz mining is
just beginning.
AFRICA, though believed to be one of the richest gold countries in the
world, produces only about one million and a half of dollars annually, nearly
all fine dust from hand washing. The Gold Coast in Guinea is named from
the prevalence of the metal, but its deadly climate thus far proves an impas
sable barrier to the white man. During 1868, two extensive gold-fields, re
ported very rich, were discovered in the district of Bamanguato, on the
northern limits of Cape Colony, adjoining the Dutch republic.
BOLIVIA, New Granada and Brazil abound in metals, but export little
except silver. British Guiana contains gold-fields in the valley ol the Essc-
quibo, believed to be rich, but not yet developed.
CHILI is rich in minerals. Within seventy-five miles of the town of Ca-
paipo, are 253 silver, 6 gold and 14 copper mines. The latest annual exports
of the republic which we find recorded, are $497,736 gold; $4,725,655 silver;
$10,760,589 copper; $176,765 coal.
PERU has been famous for silver and gold ever since its discovery. Pizarro
and his soldiers extorted seventeen and a half millions of dollars before the
captured Inca, Atahuallpa, who had offered his prison full of gold for his
liberty, was put to death. The amount of silver produced from 1630 to
1800 has been estimated at over $1,200,000,000. The Andes contain rich
deposits of copper which are only extracted on the western slope, owing to
the difficulty of transportation from the east side of the ridge. All mining
is backward, on account of the great altitude of the mineral veins and the
lack of enterprise among the people.
MEXICO is extremely rich in gold and silver. The total product of her
mines since the conquest by Cortez, has been estimated as high as $3,000-
000,000. The ancient Mexicans worked veins of silver, tin and copper, but
1869.] MINING. (547
were ignorant of iron. They cast vessels of gold and silver, which were af
terward delicately carved and chased. Few modern improvements have been
made beyond the introduction of steam engines for pumping. The yield of
silver is now larger than that of the United States, but that of gold compara
tively insignificant. The export is generally shipped direct to England.
Excellent iron is produced in several of the states, and .at Guanaguato is
the richest and most extensively worked copper vein in the world.
CANADA contains valuable beds of iron and copper. New Brunswick and
Nova Scotia abound in coal and iron, and Nova Scotia is beginning to yield
gold. British Columbia has rich gold-fields, found chieily on the Fraser
river and its tributaries. Victoria, Vancouver Island, is the supply point for
the region. Present annual gold yield of British America, about $3,000,000.
THE UNITED STATES contains mineral resources more extensive and more
varied than any other country in the world. Gold has been found in greater
or less quantities in half the States of the Union. Tennessee, Virginia, the
Carolinas, and Georgia formerly furnished our largest supplies. Now, Cal
ifornia, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado,
Montana, Dakota and Wyoming are by far the most extensive and produc
tive gold-fields on the globe. Much of the immense tract is also rich in silver,
copper, lead and other valuable minerals. Comparatively little of the field has
been even "prospected," and important discoveries in the Rocky Mountains,
the Sierra Nevadas, and the Pacific Coast Range may be looked for, for the
next hundred years. Early Spanish, Portuguese and English explorers were
all on the lookout for minerals. Huts and utensils, supposed to have be
longed to De Soto's party in the 16th century, have been discovered among
the mountain gold regions of Georgia, and the lead mines of Missouri. Pre
vious to 1848, our annual gold product was estimated at about one million
dollars, chiefly from Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia and North Carolina. Some
gold had been known to exist in California for nearly three hundred years,
and when Humboldt visited that region, he had predicted that large quantities
would yet be discovered. The first rich deposits were found in January,
1848, at Sutter's Mill near the present city of Sacramento, by James W. Mar
shall, of New Jersey. By the close of 1850, there were fifty thousand miners
at work in the State. Quartz mining began in 1851.
Silver exists in all deposits of lead ore. It is found in largest quantities
in Nevada and Idaho, though some is procured in Arizona, California, Col
orado and New Mexico.
Iron is found in every State and Territory, and in every form. The great
deposits of lead are in Missouri and in half a dozen adjoining counties of
Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa. Lake Superior is the great copper region,
though the metal is found in Connecticut, New Jersey, Virginia, North Car
olina, Georgia, Tennessee, and in nearly all our new, gold-bearing States. Tin
exists in Maine and California; zinc, in New Jersey, Pennsylvania and many
other States, and quicksilver in California. Vast beds of coal which are
already worked, underlie many of the States east of the Rocky Mountains,
and portions of Utah, California and Washington Territory.
648 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
GOLD AND SILVER.
Gold is the first metal of which we find historical mention. One of the
streams which flowed through Eden, compassed the land of Havilah %i where
there is gold." Abram was "rich in gold and silver," and his descendants
on their exodus borrowed of the Egyptians so many "jewels of silver and
jewels of gold " that the numerous sacred vessels of their Tabernacle and
the golden calf made by Aaron, did not exhaust the supply. Solomon used
gold lavishly in the decoration of the Great Temple ; and silver " the king
made to be in Jerusalem as stones for abundance." The California of that
day was Ophir, situate according to some authorities on the east coast of
Africa, where ancient mines have recently been found, and according to
others, in India, that abounds in "apes, peacocks, ivory and precious stones,"
for all of which Ophir was famous.
Gold, sometimes associated with silver and sometimes with base metals,
is usually found in quartz rock. On the decomposition of the rock, it is
washed down into beds of rivers, where it lies buried in grains among the
sands. The Pactolus, which " ran itself in golden sands," is supposed to
have witnessed some of the earliest mining. The Scythians, Egyptians,
Greeks and Romans all obtained supplies of gold from mountain regions.
Before the discovery of America, the supply, of gold barely met the loss
caused by wearing. The annual product of the world in 1847 was said to
be only twenty millions of dollars ; seven years later, California alone yielded
sixty millions. The discovery of the rich deposits in California and Aus
tralia gave new impetus to the movements of population everywhere,
stimulated all departments of industry, brought together into the same com
munities people from every quarter of the globe, settled vast territories, facil
itated intercourse between far distant regions, and steadily changed values
throughout the world. Since the discovery of California, the purchasing
power of gold and silver has probably been reduced one-half, by their in
creased abundance.
Hand washing was the earliest mode of collecting gold ; and the pan and
the rocker were the first implements used in California mining. Quicksilver
was soon brought in to collect the fine particles often lost in hand washing.
Hydraulic mining, now largely in use in California, is done by throwing cur
rents of water from hose and pipes with enormous force against banks of earth,
cutting away whole hills. Down the face of the hill, also, pour artificial
streams. At the foot of it, the waters all pass away in long flumes or wooden
troughs, carrying the earth and stones with them. Slats on the bottom of
the flumes catch and retain the gold. Where gold is found not in decom
posed rocks or earth, but in hard quartz, the stones must be ground or
pounded to powder to release it. The arastra, a Mexican invention, consists of
one or more flat, heavy stones, drawn round by mules, in water, over the pieces
of quartz on a circular stone bed. This grinds the rock to powder, and the
gold is then collected by quicksilver. The arastra is used more or less in all
our mining regions, but it is a slow, laborious process. American miners
usually reduce the quartz by stamp-mills. Iron weights or stamps, of from
1809.] MINING. 049
four hundred to seven hundred pounds each, and falling upon the quart/,
from four to six feet, sometimes as often as once a second, rapidly pound it
to powder. It is then ground to extreme fineness under revolving stones,
and quicksilver is put in to collect the gold.
Silver seems to have been abundant among ancient nations, and was, prob
ably, the first metal used as money. Hannibal obtained 800 pounds daily
from a mine in Cordova, which penetrated a mile and a half into the moun
tain. The famous mines of Potosi were accidentally discovered in 1545, by
a hunter, who found lumps of the metal under the roots of a bush. Silver
is found in a variety of ores, usually associated with gold, copper or lead. Pure
masses occasionally occur in the copper region of Lake Superior. Pieces
almost pure and as large as a half dollar coin have frequently been obtained
in Nevada, and sometimes in Idaho. Silver is never found like gold in grains
among the sand, to be washed out by hand, but in ores or quartz, from which
it must be reduced by stamping or grinding, and sometimes by smelting.
It is difficult to obtain trustworthy recent estimates of the world's annual
yield of the precious metals. The following from Phillips'1 Gold and Silver Min
ing, estimates the product for 1865. It places the yield of the United States
several millions too low, probably making no estimate of the large quantity
never reported to the mints : —
GOLD.
Russia $13,900.000 California & neighboring States $42,000,000
Austria 1,100,000 Rest of United States 28.000
Rest of Europe 75,000 Nova Scotia 414,400
Southern Asia 5,000.000 British Columbia 2.320,000
Africa 800,000 Australia 31.200,000
South America and Mexico 6,800,000 New Zealand 8,280,000
Total $111,917,400
SILVER.
Russia $ 870.000 Spain $ 1,650,000
Scandinavia 225.000 British Colonies 142,500
Great Britain 907,500 Chili 4,485,000
Hartz Mountains 420.000 Bolivia 2,040,000
Prussia 1,020.000 Peru 4,485,000
Saxony 1,200,000 New Granada 225,000
Other German States 37.500 Brazil 22,500
Austria 1,380.000 Mexico 24.000,000
France 270,000 United States 15,000,000
Italy (Isle of Sardinia) 375.000
Total $58,755,000
The report of Professor Win. P. Blake upon Productions of the Precious
Metals, based upon data obtained at the Paris Exposition, estimates the
world's present annual yield of bullion as follows :
United States $72,000,000
British America 3,000,000
Mexico 10,000,000
Central and South America 10.000,000
Australia (including New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland) 33.000,000
New Zealand 6.000,000
Russia 15,000,000
France, Austria, Saxony, Spain, Italy, Great Britain, Norway and Sweden. 10,600,000
Borneo and the East Indies, China, Japan and Central Asia 10,000,000
Africa 1,000,000
Total $171,000,000
The Commissioner of the General Land Office of the United States, in his
report for 1867, estimates the aggregate annual product at $208,000,000 ; and
some other writers place it still higher.
650 THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
There is no obvious reason for the relative value of gold and silver to re
main the same; but it changes very little even when great changes occur in
the relative product. The enormous gold yields of California and Australia
have hardly affected it perceptibly. In 1344, an ounce of silver stood in
value to an ounce of gold as 1 to 12 1-2; and in 1863, as 1 to 15. The
whole tendency of our times is toward a uniform metallic currency all over
the world, and one will probably be adopted before many years have passed.
" Where do the precious metals go ? " is a question frequently asked. The
drain of them has always been toward the East, where they are used for
hoarding and for ornaments, rather than for money. This is especially true
of silver. During 14 years ending in 1864, England and the Mediterranean
exported to Asia more than $650,000,000. The total amount of silver in the
world is estimated at $10,000,000,000, or only enough to pay the debts of
three or four leading nations.
The total gold and silver product of the United States from 1848 to 1868
is estimated at $1,255,000,000. The largest product of Australia in any sin
gle year was $43,000,000, considerably below the largest product of Califor
nia. The yield of the precious metals is much more than sufficient to supply
the loss caused by wear and tear, and they must decrease steadily in value,
unless Asia increases the demand by using them more generally for currency.
The annual product of the United States has fallen off somewhat since 1863,
owing to the giving out of placer mines and other causes ; but as the steady
progress of the Pacific Railway increases the facilities for quartz mining,
our yield will be augmented from year to year. The yield of Nevada, Arizona
and New Mexico is nearly all silver, that of Idaho, one-third silver, that of Col
orado one-eighth silver. All the rest is gold. The following is the estimated
gold and silver product of the country for 1868 :
California $23,000,000 Colorado 4,000.000
Nevada 18,000.000 Washington 1,000.000
Montana 13,000,000 Arizona 250,000
Idaho 7,000.000 New Mexico 250,000
Oregon 5,000,000 Wyoming 50,000
Total $71 ,500,000
CALIFORNIA. In California, some placer mines did well during 1868, as
the season was wet and water plentiful ; but in the southern counties, the
water was so high as to destroy a great deal of property. In one county, it
stopped mining for six months. The floods reduced the product of the
year. The quartz yield was steady and quiet, and there were no failures
among the quartz miners. Crushers are coming into extensive use to prepare
quartz for the stamps. They break it up to the size of hazel nuts, but stamps
do all the pulverizing. On the whole, the mineral product remains sub
stantially unchanged.
OREGON. The Oregon mines, principally in the southern counties, did well
during the year. Of their entire yield, probably $75,000 came from quartz,
the remainder from placer diggings. The yield seems likely to be much lar
ger for 1869, as extensive gold-fields on the Malheur river, and Shasta and
Willow creeks have recently been discovered. Several ditches are construct
ing which will supply water to about four thousand men.
1869.] MINING. 651
NEVADA. The great Comstock Lode, discovered in 1859, has yielded in
all, some ninety millions of dollars, and proved to be for the time the richest
silver mine in the world; but during 1868, its product greatly diminished,
and only a few of the mines upon it are now doing well. In general, those
which are deepest find the metal poorest. The yield of the lode fell off from
seventeen millions in 1867 to twelve or thirteen millions for 1868. Central
and eastern Nevada, however, show an increase, and the new White Pine
district, 120 miles east of Austin, proves exceedingly rich. One of its mines,
it is claimed, turned out 200 tons of ore, which averaged to yield over $1,000
to the ton, and though the district is only newly opened, it yielded $1,000,000
during the last six months of 1868. With the opening summer of 1869, it is
likely to contain a population of many thousands, and it bids fair to more
than counterbalance the falling off in the yield of the Comstock Lode.
IDAHO. The territory contains in all, some 380 stamps. Of these, about
150 are running, nearly all in the Owhyhee district. In other sections, the
mills are idle, chiefly from inexperienced or incompetent management. Most
of the capital which went in during 1868 Avas from England and our Western
States. Western men seem to succeed better in quartz mining than eastern.
The Flint district, adjoining the Owhyhee, promises richly, and a forty stamp
mill, the largest in the Territory is nearly completed. Placer mining was less
successful in 1868 than in 1867, as the season was exceedingly diy, and water
scarce in the ditches. Three-fourths of the bullion produced is by quartz
mining, one-fourth by placer. In the quartz the ratio of gold increases largely
upon that of silver, as the mines are sunk deeper.
The barren looking, sandy soil proves much more productive than was expect
ed. Several flour mills are in operation, and grain, fruit, and vegetables are al
ready produced in abundance. Supplies go in from the Central Pacific Rail
road—only 120 miles from the Owhyhee district — a great improvement on
the old mod* of hauling them over the mountains from Oregon. The advance
of the road has given a great impetus to industiy and commerce in Idaho.
Freights from San Francisco cost only five or six cents a pound.
MONTANA. Quartz mills in the territory, 50 ; number of stamps, 668 ;
stamps in operation, about 400. There have been the usual failures in mills,
from bad judgment, inefficient or dishonest management, and the attempt to
substitute for stamps, new processes which have proved impracticable. In
the Hot Springs district, several promising veins have " run out," the only
instances of the kind in the Territory. Of the bullion yield for 1868, 95
per cent, is gold against 5 per cent, of silver ; and 80 per cent, of the gold
product comes from quartz mills, against 20 per cent, from placer diggings.
There are about twenty arastras in operation. All the quartz mills are the old
fashioned stamps, except one heavy Chilian mill, which works well. The
extreme remoteness of the Territory and the high prices of transportation
have kept the prices of unskilled labor at five or six dollars a day ; but two
or three thousand Chinese have already arrived, and the approach of the
Union Pacific Railroad (which runs within about four hundred miles of
Virginia City) insures steady and comparatively cheap supplies. Hitherto
(J52 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
freights have been received by the Missouri river only six months of the year,
giving great opportunities for speculation, and causing some suffering in the
winter. Agriculture flourishes exceedingly ; population about 40,000.
WYOMING. Few mines have yet been opened in this new Territory, though
a number are promising. One small quartz mill is in operation.
COLORADO. Colorado advanced rapidly during 1868. After spending much
time and trying many new processes for taking out the gold, most of the
companies have fallen back upon the old method of plain stamps. Consid
erable foreign capital, chiefly English, has been invested. The silver mines
are beginning to yield ; and the copper veins are promising.
NEW MEXICO. The Cimaron gold mines south of Bent's Fort, are thought
to be rich, but few returns have yet been received The rich silver deposits,
too, near Mesilla and elsewhere, await the influx of American energy and
capital, which can only come with a Southern Pacific Railroad.
ARIZONA. In the same general condition as New Mexico. Inaccessibleness,
hostile Indians and Mexican thriftlessness keep down the yield of the precious
metals to a trivial sum ; but whenever the Territory enjoys railway commu
nication, it will produce silver to the amount of many millions annually.
IRON.
Iron, like gold, was known to the ancients. We read that " iron is taken
out of the earth," and again that Tubal Cain was an " instructor of every
artificer in brass and iron." One of the attractions of the Promised Land lay
in its being a country " whose stones are iron and out of whose hills thou
mayest dig brass." And when Croesus showed Solon his stores of gold, Solon
answered, " If another king cometh who hath more iron than thou, he will
be master of all this gold."
Iron is the most useful, most abundant and most valuable of all the metals.
It can be beaten into any shape, cast into the most intricate patterns, rolled
into thin plates and drawn into fine wire of the greatest tenacity. It is alike
adapted to the most massive and the most delicate works. As an illustration
of the enhancement of its value by labor, it is asserted that the worth of a
piece of iron in different stages of manufacture may be as follows : — In the
bar, $5 : in horse-shoes, $10.50 ; in needles, $55 ; in pen-knife blades, $3,285 ;
in shirt buttons, $29,480 ; in hair-springs of watches, $250,000.
Iron was used long before the Trojan war. Solomon's saying, " as iron
sharpeneth iron," relates to a practice ancient even in his day. Monuments of
Thebes and Memphis, forty centuries old, represent butchers sharpening their
knives upon steel. Scythia was termed the "mother of iron." As early as
A. D. 120, the Romans erected forges in Britain, and remains of their furnaces
are still found upon the tops of hills. The ancients, however, had only
wrought iron. The earliest notice of cast iron is found in the records of the
15th century. American Indians were altogether ignorant of the metal.
In Virginia in 1620, a ton of iron cost £10, the price of a man's labor for
a year. Among the early American colonists, an iron pot was often bequeathed
to some heir as a special mark of esteem, and all pots and kettles used were of
1869.] MINING. 653
wrought iron. Virginia in 1662 forbade sending iron out of the colony,
under a penalty of 10 pounds of tobacco for every pound of iron exported.
The first iron works in the United States were built " on Falling Creek in
Jamestown river," in 1619 ; but three years later, the Indians destroyed the
furnaces and massacred the workmen and neighboring settlers to the number
of 347 persons. Iron works were established at Lynn and Braintree, Mass.,
in 1644. The first iron vessel cast in America was an iron quart pot, about
1650. In 1673, New England had five furnaces. In 1790, the first furnace
was erected west of the Alleghanies.
The ancients melted the ores in open furnaces, into which air was forced
by hand bellows. The metal collected in a "loop," and was then beaten on
an anvil, the impurities separating in a semi-fluid cinder. The ores are now re
duced by suitable fluxes in huge blast furnaces raised to an intense heat,
sometimes estimated at nearly 3,000° Fahr., by currents of hot air driven in
by powerful machinery. The resulting pig iron is then passed through pud
dling and rolling mills, and converted into the wrought iron of commerce,
which again, by the addition of a slight proportion of carbon becomes steel.
The high blast furnace was invented in 1558. Up to 1700, the ores were reduced
by charcoal ; then bituminous coal was substituted. The puddling process
was invented in 1784, and the hot blast introduced in 1827. Anthracite coal
was first successfully used for smelting in Pennsylvania in 1835. The follow
ing statement of the iron product of the United States for 1867, shows the
amount of pig iron produced by the different qualities of coal :
Anthracite pig iron, 784,783 tons; raw bituminous coal and coke, 318,647
tons; charcoal, 344,341 tons; total, 1,447,771 tons.
The early uses of iron were few and comparatively rude. Modern civilization
has greatly stimulated its product, and introduced it into nearly all the indus
tries of life. The first great increase in demand was due to the railroads.
Wooden rails were used until about 1700 ; then strap iron came in, but was not
generally adopted. In 1767, the Colcbrook-Dale iron works in Shropshire,
England, had a very large quantity of iron on hand, as the prices were ex
tremely low. The wooden railway belonging to the works requiring frequent
and expensive repairs, the proprietors laid down their pigs of iron for rails,
observing that when the prices of metal rose, they could easily take them up.
Their greatly superior value soon became obvious, and it was found that ten
horses could do the work which formerly required four hundred. Still it took
many years to bring them into general use. Now the total length of railways
in the world is upwards of 170,000 miles, an iron belt that would encircle the
globe six times, and is almost long enough to connect the earth with the moon.
In 1828, the annual product of pig iron was: Great Britain, 700,000 tons;
United States, 140,000 tons; total product of the world, 1,000,000 tons.
The yield for 1866, (the latest full annual returns received), was :
England 4,530.051 tons. Russia... . 408,000 tons.
France 1,300,320
Belgium. 5<X),00()
Prussia 800,000
Austria 12,000
Sweden 220,076
Spain 75.000
Italy 30.000
Switzerland 15,000
Zollverein 250, (KM)
United States... ...1,175.000
Total 9,322,047 tons.
654 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
No gold and silver mines have ever been the sources of such uniform and
long-continued prosperity as some of the rich deposits of iron in Great Brit
ain and Pennsylvania. The iron product and manufacture of the United
States has increased enormously within the last few years, and the vast beds
of iron convenient to coal in various parts of the Union, are destined to
make America the chief source of supply for the world. Pennsylvania takes
the lead of all our States, and Michigan follows. The Lake Superior region
which made its first shipments in 1835, already produces nearly one-fifth of
the iron ores of the United States. The product of this region is increasing
with great rapidity. So is the yield of Missouri, whose three mountains of
solid iron known as Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob, and Shepherd's Mountain,
are among the most remarkable natural curiosities on our continent. Oregon
is beginning to supply the markets of the Pacific coast with domestic iron.
The product is very pure in quality and exceedingly abundant. The only
furnace yet in operation is at Oswego, on the west bank of the Wallamet river,
six miles south of Portland. Another company is formed, and works are
building on the Columbia river, below the mouth of the Wallamet; and within
the next few years the iron product of the State is likely to be very large.
Colorado is already producing iron ; and the ore is found in greater or less
quantities in nearly or quite all the new States and Territories, as well as in all
the older ones. Where coal is not convenient to the iron beds, the ore is often
shipped to other States for reducing. The following table shows the estimated
product, not of ore, but of pig iron, in our several states, for 1868:
Pennsylvania 850.000 tons. New Jersey " 47,000 tons.
Ohio 240,000 " Michigan 60,000 ••
New York 180,000 " Missouri 20.000 "
New England States 85,000 " Other State* <i5,(JOO "
Total 1,477,000 tons.
Add the amount of iron made in lories and blomaries direct from the ore,
without being first reduced to pig iron 35,800 "
Total production of domestic iron in United States for 18(58 1,512.800 tons.
Imports of iron into the United States for the first nine months of 1808 :
Iron, pig and puddled 68,069 ions. Castings 963 tons.
Bur. Angle, Bolt and Rod 29.040 " Hoops, Sheets & Boiler plates. 11. 933 %>
Railroad, of all sorts 209,368 u Wrought, of all sorts 3,128 •'
Total Iron 322,501 tons.
Steel, unwrought 11.322 '•'
Grand Total 333,823 tons.
COAL.
The English use this word generally in the plural, as " coals are high ;"
but with them it refers only to bituminous coal, the variety commonly used
in Great Britain. In this country, the singular noun is applied to all the
varieties. The two great divisions are bituminous and anthracite. Anthra
cite contains fewer gaseous products than bituminous, and is richer in carbon.
Coal was an article of export from Newcastle, England, in 1281. During
the reign of Edward I. its use in London was prohibited by several acts of
parliament, the smoke being regarded as injurious to health. But as wood
grew scarce, coal was substituted, and for 200 years it has been the chief fuel
18G0.1 MINING. G55
of Great Britain. During the last half-century, the growing use of the steam
engine has enormously increased its consumption everywhere. The annual
coal product of the world is now estimated as follows :
Great Britain 104,000,000 tons. Belgium 12,000,000 tons.
North America 22,000,000 " France 10,000,000 "
Germany 17,000,000 " Other Countries 7,000,000 "
Total (value $375,000,000) 172,000,000 tons.
The area of workable coal-beds in all the world, outside of the United
States, is estimated at 26,000 square miles, of which 1,500 are in Australia,
6,000 in Great Britain, 1,000 in France, 800 in Austria, 500 in Belgium, and
100 in Russia. That of the United States, not including Alaska, is esti
mated at over 200,000 square miles, or eight times as large as tlie available coal
area of all the rest of the globe. It has been calculated that at the present
rate of consumption, the world's supply of coal would run out within a few
generations, but doubtless some new fuel will be introduced, or some new
discoveries of coal made, before such a period comes.
Coal veins are usually reached by vertical shafts, but when found in hills,
are worked by horizontal galleries. On the slope of the hills opposite Pitts-
burg, 300 feet above the beds of the Monongahela and the Ohio, may be seen
the openings of many of these galleries. This mode of taking out the fuel
is far cheaper than hoisting it. Coal shafts in England sometimes reach a
depth of 2,000 feet. Upon the largest of them, 10 years' labor has been ex
pended, costing half a million of dollars.
The ventilation of the mines is an important point, and is best accom
plished by up and down shafts, the foul air ascending in the former, and
atmospheric air passing in to the workmen by the latter. Bituminous coal
gives off large quantities of explosive gas, often causing terrible accidents.
The Davy and Stephenson safety lamps prove of great service in preventing
the ignition of this fatal fire-damp. Carbonic acid gas resulting from the
explosion is known as choke-damp, and suffocates all who breathe it. Despite
every precaution, such accidents are not unfrequent. One near Wigan, Lan
cashire, England, occurred in the latter part of November, 1868, causing the
death of sixty miners.
The coal deposits on the James river, fifteen or twenty miles from Richmond,
were the first worked in this country. The great anthracite region of Penn
sylvania with its thriving cities and large population was a dense wilderness
half a century ago. Thirty years ago, few mines in America were sunk below
water level. Anthracite was first used for ordinary fuel in 1804, and for gen
erating steam in 1825. The first railway for its transmission was built in
1827. It now gives employment to upwards of 40 railroads and canals.
Pennsylvania takes the lead of all our States in coal production, and indeed
her yield is more than 77 per cent, of all the coal product of the Union. That
from the central portions of the State usually goes east to tide water. That
from the rich bituminous region about Pittsburg and the head waters of the
Allcghany is used for local consumption, or passes down the Ohio and 3Iiss-
issippi rivers. Nearly all the states along the Alleghany mountains have rich
coal-fields, as have also Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan and Missouri.
g5G THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Coal is found in workable form in more than three-fourtlrs of all our States
and Territories. The following table from the Census Report, gives the sta
tistics of coal mined in the United States during the year ending June 1,
1860:
ANTHRACITE.
Pennsylvania 8,114,842 tons.
Rhode Island 1,000 *
Total 8,115.842 tons.
BITUMINOUS.
Pennsylvania 2,090,780 tons. Iowa 41.920 tons.
Ohio 1,265,600
Illinois 728,400
Virginia 473,300
Maryland 438.000
Kentucky 285.700
Tennessee 165,300
Indiana... . 101.280
Alabama 10.200
Washington Territory 5,374
Missouri 3.880
Rhode Island 3,800
Michigan 2,320
Georgia 1,900
Arkansas.. 200
Total Bituminous 6,218,080
" Anthracite ... 8,115.842
Grand Total (value $20,243,037) 14,333,922 tons.
Increase m value since 1851, 182 per cent.
No full official statistics have been collected since, but the returns of the
Internal Revenue for 1864 show the product of that year to have been 16,398,-
186 tons, and the total product for 1868 did not vary far from 19,000,000 tons,
valued at $26,000,000. The ratio of the several States has not changed greatly
since 1860, except that the product of California, has sprung up. Her Mt.
Diabolo mines are yielding about 200,000 tons annually. A land carriage of
six miles and a water carriage of fifty, takes their product to San Francisco.
The Bellingham Bay mines in Washington Territory already yield largely,
and are capable of much greater development. They produce an admirable
quality of coal, used extensively on the Pacific coast for manufacturing pur
poses. In our Atlantic cities, English cannel coal is used for making gas.
The duty on imported coal is $1.10 per ton of 28 bushels. Our imports
and exports for 1867 are given as follows by the United States Bureau of
Statistics : Coal imports, 521,305 tons, value, $1,455,044 ; exports, 285,101
tons, value, $1,846,199. The export is chiefly anthracite, and more valuable
than the imported qualities.
COPPER.
The name of this metal is derived from Cyprus, the island on which it was
mined by the Greeks. Various ancient and semi-civilized nations were fa
miliar with its use. Tools and other articles of copper, showing considerable
metallurgic knowledge, have been found among the relics of the Mound Build
ers who once occupied our western States. The Aztecs and Peruvians too, made
chisels and axes of it. Bronze, a compound of copper and tin, was regarded
by the ancients as a sacred metal, and largely used in monuments and statues.
The Colossus of Rhodes was built of it, a hundred feet high. After standing
56 years, it was overthrown by an earthquake. It lay upon the ground for
nine centuries, and then its fragments, sold by the Saracens to a Jew, are said
to have weighed 720,000 pounds, and to have required 900 camels to remove
them. A set of bronze surgical instruments has been discovered in the ruins
1869.] MINING. G57
of Pompeii. Brass is the most useful alloy of copper. Oreide, a new alloy
of copper and zinc, with the addition of small quantities of sal ammoniac,
quick-lime, magnesia and crude tartar, is sometimes known as " French gold,"
and is used in the manufacture of cheap watches and jewelry.
Copper is found in a variety of ores, often of great beauty, and also in a
metallic state, sometimes in enormous masses. The mines of Cornwall are
extremely rich. One, at a cost of $500, is said to have yielded $18,500 worth
of ore. The Burra Burra mines of Australia began working in 1845, and in
five years had yielded more than three and a half millions of dollars.
Copper was discovered in New England in 1648. The first copper tea
kettle of native metal was made in 1702. Copper ores have been worked
in New Jersey, New York, Connecticut and other eastern States ; and mines
have recently been opened in Tennessee, Arizona and California. But prac
tically, all the copper product of the United States comes as yet from the
Lake Superior region, which was known only to hunters up to 1842. There
the metal is found in a ridge of trap rock, two miles wide, extending
south-westerly from the lake. Some enormous masses of pure copper have
been taken from it. One piece weighing six tons, and discovered under a
hemlock tree 300 years old, had been cleared of the vein-stone by fire, show
ing that ancient mining was carried on there, probably by the Mound Build
ers. Another mass, weighing nearly 500 tons, required upwards of a ton of
gunpowder to detach it from the rock. The first shipments from the Lake
Superior region were in 1845. The total yield of the mines from that time
to the close of 1868 has been 100,000 tons. The yield for 1868 was about
12,000 tons.
Copper is extracted from its ores by smelting and calcination, and prepared
for the market in ingots, which the rolling mills convert into sheets. Half
the copper ores of the world are reduced in the great smelting establishments
of Swansea, South Wales. Our furnaces are chiefly on the Atlantic coast.
Thus far, Great Britain, Chili and Russia are the chief copper producing
countries, but the product of the United States increases year by year.
LEAD.
Blocks of lead with Latin inscriptions, supposed to date back to the Ro
man invasion have been found in Great Britain, and Roman and Moorish
lamps and tools discovered in lead mines in Spain.. The Saxons too had a
mine appropriately dedicated to Odin. There are no records of ancient
lead mines out of Europe; and at the present day, the only mines of impor
tance are in Europe and the United States. Smelting the ore is very preju
dicial to health, and workmen suffer much from colic and paralysis.
Small veins of lead were discovered early in New England, but during the
Revolutionary war, the metal was very scarce ; churches and private houses
were stripped of their supplies, patriotic ladies surrendered their1 shining
pewter ware, and the equestrian statue of George III. in New York was
melted down to furnish bullets for the soldiers.
The great lead region of which Galena, Illinois, and Dubuque, Iowa, are
the chief centers, was discovered in 1700, but was first worked by Julien Du-
42
658 ™E AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
buque in 1788. The rich deposits of Missouri were discovered by La Motte,
in 1720, but were not worked till 1854.
The Galena region is our largest source of domestic supply. It is more de
veloped than the Missouri districts, as transportation from it is easy, both by
railroad and the Mississippi river. The Granby region in South-west Mis
souri is exceedingly rich, and a single block of pure ore weighing two thou
sand pounds has been taken out. The ore averages 80 per cent, of lead. It
is found from 10 to 75 feet below the surface, and raised in buckets worked
by horse power, or by windlass and crank. The mining is chiefly confined
to a few hundred acres, but the lead deposits in that region underlie a very
large extent of country. At present, the lead has to be hauled in wagons
over the mountains, for nearly two hundred miles to the railway at Holla,
or to the head of navigation on the Osage river ; but the South-west Pacific
Railroad is building toward the lead region, and whenever the locomotive
reaches it, the product will be greatly increased. Considerable lead is also
produced along the Iron Mountain Railway, in South-eastern Missouri. All
the American lead is remarkable for its softness and purity. The annual
returns of lead product are very imperfect and unsatisfactory, but the an
nual yield of the three chief lead producing countries is estimated as
follows: Great Britain, 153,298,880 Ibs. ; Spain, 67,200,000 Ibs. ; United
States, 38,000,000 Ibs. The imports into the United States exceed consid
erably the domestic product.
QUICKSILVER.
There are records of the existence of this metal nearly three hundred years
before Christ, and its use in amalgamating gold was known early. The chief
ore is cinnabar. The estimated annual yield is as follows : Spain, 20,000 cwt.;
Austria, 2,500 cwt. ; California, 35,500 cwt, ; Peru, 3,000 cwt. ; total, 61,000
cwt. The chief demand is for mining uses, calomel, vermilion, and manu
facture?. Between the Almaden mine in Spain, and the New Almaden of
California, there is a lively rivalry. The old Almaden supplies the most of
Europe, and ships some quicksilver as far west as the city of Mexico. Until
recently it controlled the Chinese market, but the manager of the New Alma
den shipped 10,000 flasks to Hong Kong, and sold them so far below cost as
to drive the European quicksilver back to Spain. Since then, California has
supplied China ; but Spain, by the same tactics, keeps the California quick
silver out of the London market. The Idria mine in Austria, sends its pro
duct chiefly to the silver mines of Hungary. Its miners are a uniformed corps,
numbering 500.
The New Almaden mine of California was long known to the Indians, but
was not worked until 1845. It produces annually about 24,000 flasks of 76
pounds each ; the New Idria of California, 10,000 flasks ; and the Redding-
ton, 10,000 flasks. As the demand for quicksilver remains about the same,
whether the price is high or low, the owners of these three mines form a
combination and produce only what the market requires, not -unning their
works much beyond half their capacity. Their product is consumed by our
Pacific States and Teritories, Mexico, South America, and China. Cinnabar
1869.] MINING. C59
has been found in Idaho, and some of our other new states, but as yet, is not
worked.
TIN.
Tin seems to have been kown from the remotest antiquity. It is mentioned
in the Bible, among the plunder taken from the Midianites, as a metal to be
purified by fire. It is frequently alluded to in the Iliad, and seems to have
been familiar to Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans. The Phoeni
cians obtained it from Britain, which, according to some philologists, means
"Tin Island." The Romans had the art of coating copper with it, but its
application to iron Avas not discovered until the 17th century. The chief tin
mines of the world are in Cornwall, England, and upon the isle of Banca,
in the Malay Archipelago, though tin is found in smaller quantities in sev
eral other European and South American countries, in Mexico and in a few
states of our Union. Some deposits in California are thought to be prom
ising, but as yet, no metal is taken out.
ZINC.
Zinc was first obtained as a metal during the 13th century. In the 17th,
Europe imported it from India, under the name of spelter. The first zinc
was produced in this country in 1838, for the brass standard weights and
measures ordered by Congress. Pennsylvania, New York, Arkansas, Wiscon
sin, Missouri, New Jersey and Tennessee all yield it. A block from New
Jersey weighing 16,400 pounds was exhibited at the World's Fair in London
in 1851. Great Britain, Belgium, Spain and other European countries also
produce it." Of the entire product of the world, Prussia yields 58 per cent,
Belgium, 27, Russia, 7, and the United States, 3.
Platinum, nickel, antimony, cobalt and other minor metals, are found in
various parts of the United States. In the precious metals, our product is
already far in advance of that of any other country, and under the stimulus
of the first Pacific Railroad, to be completed across the continent in the early
summer of 1869, a few years will suffice to quadruple it. In coal, iron, cop
per, quicksilver and lead, the resources of our continent are almost boundless.
With the increase of population and railways, mining will grow rapidly
into a gigantic national interest, and America will lead the world in the
value and variety of her mineral products.
Until recently our vast mineral resources have obtained only desultory no
tice from time to time in the press of the country. There are now, however,
three weekly journals devoted exclusively to the subject, " The American
Journal of Mining," an unusually full and careful record, published in New
York, and edited by R. W. Raymond, Ph. D., a mining engineer, who is also
U. S. Commissioner of Mining {Statistics ; " Hillyer's U. S. Mining Journal,"
also of New York, and "Dewey's Mining and Scientific Press," of San
Francisco.
660 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869
LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE DAY.
BY EVERETT A. DUYCINCK.
IT would not be a practicable task to present with adequate consideration
and detail, within the limits of a brief essay, the various points and reflec
tions which so comprehensive a theme as the literature of the times, on the
instant suggests. The literary culture of the age is linked with every fibre
of a vast and complex civilization; absorbing the ever increasing past,
affected by the genius of all nations and a sympathetic activity in all arts
and labors which has no bounds but those of the globe itself. The great
subject — a worthy history of Literature — has thus far baffled the energy of
the most assiduous scholars. The most neglected topic in our literature, in
an age of criticism, is the complete analysis of the literature itself. That is
a work for long years of preparation and long years of execution. Here we
can give but a few passing thoughts of the moment bearing upon influences
of the hour.
The claim of America to the possession of a National Literature is still
occasionally discussed in English journals, and much nonsense is written on
the subject. The complaint is made that there is little sufficiently distinctive
in our literature ; and it is generally put in the form that while the country
has a virgin soil, huge forests and gigantic rivers, freshness of nature unlim
ited, our books seldom reflect or emulate these physical features ; that being
a new people we should have a new literature. When one of our authors
produces a finished book, its qualities are apt to be pronouncejj European,
and it is censured as an imitation. It does not seem to be what is expected
at our hands. The foreign critics would appear to be better pleased with
something, as coming from America, vague, disjointed, grandiose, the skep
tical in religion, the reckless in morals, the experimental in society, than with
good grammar, elegant diction, profound learning, mature philosophy, faith
ful citizenship, and sound Christianity. Give us vigor, these pseudo critics
cry out; give us originality. Your Irvings, Prescotts, and Longfellows,
we admit, would be very excellent writers for the old world, but we look
for something different from the new. All this is worse than idle. There
are undoubtedly climatic and other physical causes at work in America
which may have their influence on the persons and character of its inhab
itants ; but the effect is hardly to be appreciated in the higher region of
authorship, of morals and ideas, where there must be a community of
privileges, and the starting point, under a general and liberal system of edu
cation, must be the same with that of the cultivated classes of Europe. An
American can not, if he would, separate himself from the literature of the
past in any effort of literary production. He can not, without destroying
his whole system of common school education, ignore his Homer and Virgil,
his Shakespeare, Bacon, and Milton. Why should it be a reproach to him
that the flavors of a foreign culture linger in his style ? Every great author
of modern times is indebted to his predecessors, and the farther back our
researches in history extend, the farther back the debt is carried. Are Amer-
18C9.] LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE DAY. 661
leans alone to be cut off from this classic reproduction ; to be driven to the
crude, the odd, and the eccentric, that they may be admitted to recognition
as semi-barbarians only by the men of letters of Europe ? The position is
sufficiently absurd. There should be no difference at the present time in the
standard of authorship in England and America. The latter is not entitled
to, nor need she ask, indulgence on the score of youth. The great formative
influences act alike upon both worlds. The law of literary production is
simply this : The best educated community, the most faithful to law and
religion, the most truthful, the most sincere, the most susceptible to all noble
and generous influences in life and action, will produce the most and best
authors irrespective of the breadth of the rivers and the circumference or
elevation of the trees of the forest. Every genuine book will, of course,
have its individual character, like its writer, and will have its peculiar sub
ject matter. These will give originality to the volume; but no greater dif
ference is to be expected between American and English authors than between
separate authors of either nation. The American, as it often happens, may
be elegant, refined and conservative ; the Englishman may be rough, uncouth
and radical ; specimens of both may be found in either land. Pray, Messrs.
British Critics, think of us Americans, as living not in the days of Hengist
and Horsa, but like the rest of the world, in the Nineteenth Century !
The statistics of literary production in the two countries prove that we
are proceeding pari passu with England. The number of books or distinct
publications including, we presume, pamphlets of importance, published in
the United States in 1867, is stated in a valuable statistical article in Apple-
ton's Annual Cyclopedia for that year, as 2,110 against an estimate for Great
Britain during the corresponding period, of 4,144. The American estimate
embraces some 300 reprints or translations, a proportion of only about one-
seventh of the whole, which leaves a highly favorable exhibition for original
American productions. The number of books written in England and repub-
lished in the United States is, we are inclined to think, becoming relatively
less from year to year — a result directly attributable to American progress, to
the material development of the country and its consequent increased mental
wants ; to the stimulus given to education, furnishing the means of supply
ing these wants. The country is, in fact, by the simple law of its necessities,
becoming constantly less and less dependent upon Europe for its literature.
Its books are the natural growth of its own life ; and as that life becomes, as
it inevitably must, under the pressure of a population advancing without
precedent, more and more earnest, with greater responsibilities and heavier
duties, so must the literature, in the words of an old poet, " make wing and
get power."
The most numerous classes of books, in both England and America, are
first, religious works ; second, works of fiction and books for children ; after
which come technical works, including school books; while poetical and
historical literature, (including biography), and criticisms, and travels, are in
about equal minor proportions. As in all other forms of production, the
every day wants are first supplied; afterward, the luxuries and refinements.
C62 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Generally speaking, according to population, it would appear that the relative
aggregate literary productiveness of the two countries, is not very unequal.
The school-master, whom Lord Brougham, a half-century ago started on his
travels, is evidently still "abroad" wherever the English language is spoken.
If we were to look into these six thousand publications of the year, we would
doubtless find them, with allowance for the usual per centage of mediocrity,
creditable to the intellectual progress of both nations, while we might be
compelled to admit that few really great original works which would long
survive, were in the catalogue. The general impression, indeed, made by a
survey of the literature of the day is, that there is a falling off in eminent
authorship from the first half of the century. If we call the roll of authors
of that period in England, who, at the present hour, supply the places of Scott,
Byron, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, Moore, Crabbe, Campbell, Lamb,
Sydney Smith, Hood, Hallam, Macaulay, and their companions ? But one
poet now stands prominently forth in England, the accepted of all cultivated
English speaking people — Alfred Tennyson ; while one novelist, Charles
Dickens, maintains the humor, so characteristic a feature of the literary
prowess of the last generation. In America, we are relatively rather better
off, for our foremost writers came late into the field ; and though the literary
world mourns Cooper, and Irving, and Halleck, and Prescott, and Hawthorne,
yet we have still Bryant, Longfellow, Whittier, Lowell, Holmes, Emerson,
Bancroft, Simms, Motley, each in his way, a master in his department. In neither
country do we see the indications of much rising greatness ; though in both
are to be perceived an advancing literary standard. There is an average level
with no mountain elevations ; but in the upheaval of society the table-land
of to-day is higher than the dead-level of the last century. The new medi
ocrity is a better article than the old, for there is generally more activity in
the world ; the interests which engage the attention of men are of greater
moment ; the forces are greater ; the strife and competition are stronger ; men
must know more, and be prepared to think rapidly, to act with quickness and
decision. The cultivation of the laboring and less wealthy classes is greatly
improved. The number of persons who can neither read nor write, is much
smaller. The education of the mass reacts upon the few above them. Every
day science is raising the standard of knowledge ; and though consummate
wisdom may be rare as ever, follies of active growth, it may be observed, are
of shorter life. In regard to the higher departments of literature, the present
time, concerned almost entirely with the practical and immediate, may be but
the necessary period of preparation for another great harvest of the works of
genius. The temper of the people is being tried and facts are being accu
mulated in great wars, in political conflicts, in social organization, in discov
eries in nature, in explorations of new lands, in an unprecedented develop
ment of the supplies and incentives of civilization. The poet, in nature's
own time, will brood upon these and there will spring forth the epic of the
new centuries. Nothing in the past has been lost to literature and art, and
there is nothing of worth in our present that will not be absorbed and live
on the printed page hereafter. As Homer gathered up the early life of Greece,
1S09.1 LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OP THE DAY. 663
and Virgil the glowing sovereignties of Rome, Dante the religion of the mid
dle age, Milton, the learning which had preceded him, and Shakespeare swept
the whole circle of humanity — so of this present teeming life, costing so
much of pain and effort, redeemed by so much that is self-devoted, honor
able and useful,
There shall be sung another golden age,
The rise of empire and of arts.
The good and great inspiring epic rage,
The wisest heads and noblest hearts.
The present is emphatically the age of the practical and immediate. Good
business qualities are most in request, even in literature, where formerly the
remote was pursued by a roundabout path. We see it in the decline of
rhetorical eloquence at the bar, the pulpit, and the senate. Fine speaking
and fine writing as such are getting to be held more and more in contempt.
The lawyer is expected to come at once to the point by the most direct road,
and should he scatter flowers of fancy by the way, they are suspected by the
intelligent juror as devices to divert his judgment from the true issue. In
our American political representative bodies the practice hardly as yet con
forms to this standard ; but it prevails with men of wreight and intelligence,
while flowery tropes and impertinent decorations are an infallible mark of
the half-educated. It is not the emotions of legislators which are to be ex
cited, but the sober interests of their constituents which are to be maintained
and promoted — most of the questions being of direct material welfare. The
pulpit offers the last field for eloquence, for its province is emphatically to
arouse the sympathies, wrhile it deals with the transcendental and supernatural,
and draws man beyond the visible and earthly ; but even here its topics are
best presented in a simple, easy, natural manner, given less and less to the
doctrinal and purely argumentative, but enforcing lessons of practical good,
translating life into duty, and leading man to the heavenly by the sacred analo
gies of earth. So far has the pursuit of the immediate in recent times ex
tended that the Stage, formerly the guide and incentive to the highest liter
ary production, has almost entirely ceased to give birth to a play which out
lasts the recitation of the hour — a twelvemonth. The playwright of the
day throws off a score of successful dramas, not one of which is transferred
from the boards to the shelves of the library.
Yet with all this, the better education of the country is yet going on, with
a promise that the new life, at least for the majority, shall be better than the
old. The present development of all the means of education in the United
States, is a sure indication of the future. It extends to every department
from the village school to the University, from the spelling-book to the
treatise on philosophy. Money is being generously contributed to the found
ation and enlargement of colleges, to the creation of libraries ; no village
can be said to be properly founded without its lyceum or institute. In cities,
the influences of learning are permeating the mass of the people. The sta
tistics not yet collected of the wealth of private libraries would astonish the
careless observer. The taste of the public is improving with its knowledge,
C64 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
as scholars push their way into more distant and retired provinces of learning.
The reception given to Professor Longfellow's recent version of the great
poem of Dante — the crowning work of a life-time of poetic culture — is a
good omen of the future. Honoring Bryant also, the nation pays its tribute
to the highest order of excellence, bestowing its admiration upon genius,
which burning only with a vestal light, has been consecrated in pure expres
sion to the beautiful and severe majesty of truth and virtue. American lit
erature has indeed this honor, that its service has been one of purity. Its
critics thus far have had little to blush for in writing its history.
Looking abroad, we mid the same honors paid to Tennyson, facile princeps,
the head of English poets ; and it is at once complimentary to him and the
English reading public that every scrap which falls from his pen is seized
upon with eagerness, and subjected to a species of attention mostly confined
to time-honored classic authorship. A notable example of this, in the past
year, is the reception of his philosophic poem Lucretius, issued as an article
in Macmillan's Magazine, and at once commented upon in papers in the other
periodicals and the press, the Times taking the lead in the work of analysis
and eulogy. The poem, as a work of art, is indeed worthy of its author.
Availing himself of a questionable tradition of the Roman poet's death,
resting on unsatisfactory authority, untenable in itself, and derogatory to the
poet's character, Tennyson has woven with this assumption the rarest felicities
of thought and of poetical expression — such an infusion of classical concep
tions, bound in blank verse of exquisite music, in a whole of linked power and
sweetness, unsurpassed in English poetry since the muse of Milton. As with
that great master of idyllic and epic song, his learning becomes thoroughly
incorporated with his fancy and reflections as he builds the lofty rhyme.
Poetry, with Tennyson, is consummate skill, and according to his attempts,
hitherto with power proportionate. He need only take more imposing subjects,
than any he has ventured upon, save in his noble requiem " In Memoriam," to
assume his place with the greater gods of British verse. Secondary and below
him are Browning, Arnold, Buchanan, Swinburne, who has hardly sustained
the promise of " Atalanta in Calydon," and Morris, the author of " Jason."
The death of Lord Brougham at Cannes in April, at the venerable age of
ninety, marks the close of a memorable period. His name, if not identified
with the higher forms of literature, for he wa's neither a great philosopher,
poet or historian, is linked to the mental progress of the age by some of its
most enduring landmarks. As one of the founders of the Edinburgh Review
at the beginning of the century, as one of the originators of Mechanics Insti
tutes, as the author of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
and, at the close of his life a participator in the Society for the Promotion
of Social Science ; by his contributions to biography, his writings on politi
cal science, his elaborate speeches in Parliament, his persistent and successful
advocacy of legal reform, he rendered practical services to his age and
country in labors which did not perish with the day, but are now bearing
fruit and will continue to influence the welfare of the future. Such men,
impressing the world by their activity, with a semblance of ubiquity, busy
1869.] LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE DAY. 665
in the diverse forms of literature, in the halls of science, connected with all
the intellectual movements of the day, do more than is sometimes conceded
to them by their cotemporaries in binding together and bringing out the
mental forces of their time. Whether in co-operation or disagreement with
others, their influence is great. England, of late, has lost several such men
of exuberant vitality — Whewell, Whately, in a restricted degree Wiseman
and, though of another nation, Chevalier Bunsen.
The visit of Charles Dickens to the United States during the year, though
mainly to be regarded as a strictly professional tour, yet for the peculiar
character of that journey and a certain representative character of the man,
in his eminent position as an author, is well worthy of being chronicled
among the literary events of importance — perhaps in both aspects to have
its influence for good in the future. Mr. Dickens, induced by the earnest
solicitation of friends in this country, who, as the event proved, had not mis
read the wishes of the people, came to Boston in the autumn of 1867, and
in a few months reaped from the reading of portions of his writings in
public, a pecuniary harvest which is probably underestimated at one hund
red thousand dollars in gold — a sum which invested in United States securi
ties, at their present terms, is suflicient to provide a liberal income for the
author and his family into an indefinite future. For this mode of recom
pensing authorship the fraternity of writers is indebted to the example and
success of Mr. Dickens.
The best avenue of the author to fame and fortune will still, we believe,
be the easy well tried track of the publisher's counter. It will be the most
constant resource, and upon the whole the most satisfactory. Let all other
honorable means, however, be tried and if found advantageous, be welcomed.
The prosperity of men of letters must inevitably add to the welfare of pub
lishers ; and without pursuing this subject into the speculations it invites, it
may be remarked that this was pleasantly shown in the course of the recent
money making tour of Mr. Dickens, as the publishers with characteristic
energy promptly followed in his footsteps with rival editions of his works.
The success of this speculation of the trade was certainly complimentary to
the fame of the author. If he received little directly from the profits, the
book-sellers proved at least his best possible advertisers in keeping alive the
attention of the public and forwarding the interests of the reading cam
paign. If Mr. Dickens had pursued his adventure, traversing the country in
its length and breadth, he might to the equal delight of his publishers have
added a million to his resources.
In the other aspect of the case, that of an English literary representative,
the visit of Mr. Dickens has already proved an agreeable one in its conse
quences. The British press has chosen to take this view of the reception,
and it is every way a worthy one. For a writer of the merit and eminence
of Mr. Dickens is a public embassador of no mean order. In him the heart
and affections, the sufferings and sympathies of one nation — in which all are
akin — speak to the universal brotherhood of man in every other, and espe
cially where the glowing inspiration of genius is expressed in a common
6(5(5 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
tongue. Let this acceptation be enduring, a spring of courtesies in the future
in the comities of two great nations to be bound by the moral and intellec
tual ties of the proud, sensitive, reflecting, enjoying, religious Saxon races.
Nor is this reciprocity a sentiment merely on the part of our foreign brethren.
Mr. Dickens in his farewell compliments and assurances of good-will but
anticipated the welcome which awaited the first representative of American
letters of similar position who should appear in England. Happily for the
honor of the country this pilgrim to the British shores has proved to be the
poet Longfellow, than whom America could send no worthier son or the
genius of the country a fitter minister plenipotentiary. Immediately on his
arrival he was hailed by a delegation of a leading popular literary institution,
while the University of Cambridge hastened to confer upon him, in full
assembly, her most distinguished Academic honors. Mr. Longfellow will
enjoy abroad the rare felicity of being appreciated alike by scholars and the
people.
Turning our thoughts homeward from this pleasing prospect of international
courtesies, a word is to be said of an institution which is never overlooked
in any festive celebration. The Press will always constitute an important
province of American letters. It is indeed not generally taken into account
in an estimate of literature proper, but it well deserves to be, since by tar the
largest amount of thinking and writing in the country and much of the
best, is in this department. Nor should it be neglected for its incidental
ephemeral character. Though necessarily written in and for the hour, many
articles of the journals exhibit — with all that should attract at the moment
— enduring qualities. There are newspapers habitually distinguished for
acuteness of argument, philosophic breadth of treatment, felicity of style and
illustration, candor and independence, which if displayed in other forms of
literature would secure for the now unknown writers an enviable reputation.
The newspaper press of the country has indeed within a few years shown a
vast improvement. It is steadily rising in respect and consideration, in
power and influence at home and abroad. There are various reasons for this
beneficial progress. There is the general one of increased culture and re
finement corresponding with the growth and development of the country at
large. A popular institution, it rises or falls with the public taste. " The
drama's laws," it was said of the stage, "the drama's patrons give." To the
players as " the abstracts and brief chroniclers of the time " have succeeded
the editors, who inheriting the maxim do not rise much above or fall greatly
below the taste of their supporters. Hence the variety of talent, ability
and propriety in the several forms of journalism representing different
classes of the community. In the larger cities it will receive the fullest de
velopment. Here its improvement will be most marked. Its course is
inevitably onward. It must every day become a more faithful chronicler of
events, a sounder and surer guide in matters of opinion. Allowing much
for the immoral exigencies of political party — which are, in a measure, by
their very excesses, self-corrective — the newspaper press of the country may
be pronounced upon the whole, a judicious and jealous guardian of the
1869.] LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE DAY. 667
public interest. Comparing its present position with that which it held in
the last generation, or thirty years ago, great progress may be noted in the
mechanical improvement of its issues, the extension of its sources of infor
mation, the breadth and importance of its discussions. It has generally out
grown one of its most odious early weaknesses, its occasional meddling with
purely private affairs. Time was when malignants or seekers of notoriety
of a certain class, instead of carrying their quarrels, their scandal, their pro
fessed injuries to the courts, would parade them in the newspapers of the
day, with endless mutual accusations and recriminations, while the editors,
like the gods in Homer, would descend from their pedestals to mingle in
the affray. This license is now thought puerile and contemptible. A stricter
interpretation of the law of libel, with its visitation of penalties has brought
about a wholesome reform, and now if the reader seek defamation in his
newspaper, in private interests at least, he must be content to receive it with
its antidote, decently filtered through the legal reports.
The special causes or instruments of the improvement of the Press are to
be sought for in the concentration of the newspaper interest in great enter-
prizes, requiring the employment of large capital, which brings with it a
proportional responsibility ; in the rapid multiplication of facts to be pre
sented and topics discussed, — the greater inevitably crowding out the less —
and in the development and elevation of national interests, consequent upon
the gigantic war for the preservation of the Union. The Press that once
spake as a child, in those days now forever departed, of thoughtless levity
and vain glory, the untaxed youth of the nation, that "very merry, laugh
ing, quaffing and unthinking time," must now consider manly things. The
war has made the nation old in a day. She is no longer the spoilt and petted
child of fortune, but is married to fate and experience and must take her
place in the battle of existence with the scarred historic veterans of the old
world.
In a secondary way, the scientific improvements and inventions of the day
have had much to do in moulding the character of the press. Of these it
is sufficient to allude to the employment of the land and ocean magnetic
telegraphs, in gathering information from the whole world almost on the
instant, to a particular centre, and the use and economy of the cylinder
steam press in multiplying copies by thousands, instead of by hundreds, for
circulation. The Atlantic telegraph has virtually enforced independence
upon the Press of America by anticipating and thus precluding the former
free use of foreign editorials. The brief fact only is now furnished, the text
of the discourse : the editor must supply the argument or preach the sermon
by his own powers. He is compelled to think for himself and his readers.
Coupling this with the rapid increase of home topics of importance, the
result is a complete emancipation from the old subservience to European
notions or opinions. Formerly foreign interests took the lead ; they now
occupy a secondary place with our native journalists, who attend to the
paramount business of the nation, once happily defined by Miss Martineau
as "world making."
PAET VI.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RETURNS.
CALIFORNIA.
B
S
6
55
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
8-2
33
34
.35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
McClellan,
Democrat.
Alpine
154
1,110
1,860
1,279
1,143
359
1,091
162
1,076
72
769
113
208
137
248
210
748
528
456
621
98
148
580
752
3,014
1,987
712
3,207
263
129
12,183
2,101
373
628
428
2,307
1,153
6:38
1,328
835
1,541
1,799
350
581
.351
595
ass
994
995
1,331
67
1,224
1,262
1,245
1,050
699
. 738
173
1,688
381
507
100
422
187
454
122
1,286
2,402
663
1,002
272
89
663
684
2,455
1,233
554
2,216
378
235
13,582
1,867
315
417
301
2,330
737
556
794
918
1,443
2,402
642
561
398
391
679
1,115
1,0(51
1,112
1,467
384
1,392
1,739
2,071
274
958
167
2,949
92
423
811
228
1,199
1,117
1,564
425
522
139
2,122
359
262
Alameda
Butte
Calaveras
Colusa
Del Norte
El Dorado
Fresno
Humboldt
Inyo
Kern
Klamath . .
139
213
318
555
685
767
576
73
167
415
7!35
2,784
2,314
828
4,192
243
97
12,667
1,849
259
600
343
1,930
974
909
2,051
925
1,255
2,026
277
677
482
653
528
1,589
653
1.870
2,600
122
405
236
744
410
842
778
218
138
364
592
1,793
1,474
669
1,763
493
197
8,352
1,427
149
377
80
1,202
452
562
1,037
957
908
2,336
346
586
363
461
639
1,566
475
1,3.33
237
Lake
Lateen
Los Angeles
Marin
Mariposa
Mendocino
Merced
Mono
Monterey
Napa
Nevada
Placer
Plumas
Sacramento
San Bernardino
San Die^o
San Francisco
San Joaquin
San Luis Obispo
San Mateo
Santa Barbara
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Sh;i-ta
Sieri-a
Siskiyou
Solano
Stanislaus
Sutter
To ha ma
Trinity
Tnlare
Yolo
Yuba
Soldiers' Vote
Total
54,592
514
54,078
108,670
62,134
18,293
43,841
105,975
Majority
Aujgretjate
(068;
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
CG9
THE FOLLOWING TABLES GIVE THE VOTE op EACH STATE IN THE UNION BY COUNTIES, FOR
PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES AT EACH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PROM 1836 TO 1S68 ;
ALSO, THE POPULAR VOTE op EACH STATE IN 1868.
CALIFORNIA.
6
o
i_
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
I860.
1856.
1852.
Lincoln,
Republican.
Douglas,
Democrat.
Bell,
Union.
Breckinridge,
Democrat.
Fremont,
Republican.
Buchanan,
Democrat.
Fillmore,
American.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
995
1,033
1,436
977
250
612
174
2,118
53
335
1,866
513
1,502
1,875
240
416
88
2,695
22
445
178
62
320
240
70
136
39
206
123
20
945
481
1,172
1,717
392
391
217
1,907
272
232
657
723
744
562
18
188
1,784
729
2.501
2,615
289
457
1,557
213
1,702
1,504
305
288
1,478
2,290
225
413
1,741
2,848
232
590
1,391
1
103
4,048
218
204
2,958
123
191
5,146
6,106
92
377
36
163
82
&32
440
217
210
352
408
262
198
39
494
282
489
235
47
201
38
319
166
53
686
285
815
499
213
521
151
165
t
721
350
1,254
1&5
82
772
498
145
854
574
137
1,292
14
249
124
307
440
2,536
1,742
458
2,670
307
81
6,a34
1,131
148
389
46
1,465
671
464
1,468
953
680
1,236
167
403
244
516
141
1,634
534
1,665
233
518
2,372
1,867
503
2,836
224
29
4,030
733
122
543
305
881
286
1,094
1,541
1,504
602
612
230
440
495
885
211
1,503
496
1,360
5
141
403
776
211
352
98
8
944
199
"'4i'
'"iio"
129
252
390
517
292
435
66
216
679
1,651
1,447
453
1,690
192
148
2,560
1,374
156
130
123
722
319
584
1,349
760
745
1,467
433
440
316
593
573
2,037
606
1,876
220
157
1,462
992
217
941
93
18
5,089
548
107
238
1&3
809
196
169
693
464
189
382
21
92
44
188
23
1,056
130
650
267
444
3,500
2,808
1,124
3,438
314
173
5,332
1,285
83
282
176
576
320
1,537
2,506
2,073
799
1,515
436
491
436
1,011
248
2,936
553
2,451
169
341
2.238
2,096
865
3,386
7
38
1,598
1,040
15
113
10
673
288
1,083
2,205
1,791
634
498
228
347
311
882
139
2,112
583
2,081
54
208
2,618
2,295
3,644'
273
270
2,856
2,831
3,286'
107
4,167
1,159
112
105
4,241
1,198
11
78
827
186
757
1,348
459
308
267
104
799
806
971
1,619
492
365
474
214
"'683'
32
2,541
400
2,077
205
"'785'
40
3,132
a>o
2,199
218
153
389
372
26
159
39,173
657
38,516
6,817
34,334
118,840
20,691
53,365
17,200
36,165
110,221
35,407
40,626
5,219
76,033
' New County.
t With Sonoma.
G70
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
MAINE.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClell'n
Dem.
! Lincoln,
Rep.
Douglas
Dam.
Brock.
Dem.
65
167
345
56
1,062
156
183
210
199
2,018
374
142
212
537
348
294
Bell,
Union.
Frem'nt
Rep.
Buoh'n
Dem.
Fillmore,
Americ'n
Androscoggin. . .
Aroostook
Cumberland
Franklin
Hancock
Kcnnebec
4,427
1,706
9,139
2-420
3.520
7.283
2,762
2,589
4,406
8,831
1,821
2,478
4,397
4,114
3.1577
6,856
2,060
657
6,040
1,407
2,433
3,062
2, -147
1,940;
2,901 1
4,109
969
993
2,583;
2,424!
2,848'
5,517
3,363
1,059
7,728
2.248
3,143
6,808
2.:54D
&S67
4,038
7,471
1,588
2,671
8,633
3.938
3.09!)
6,305
1,936
679
6.365
1,790
2,144
3,347
2,162
2,495
3,109
4,287
916
1,120
2,632
2,724:
2,927|
5,578
3,526
1,142
7,931
2,281
3,:«2
6,599
2,520
2,510
4,244
6,997
1,656
1 2,257
4,048
3.SOO
3,515
6,460
1.838
414
4,815
1,358
932
2.353
1,825
1,073
2.523
1,555
401
630
1,833
1,434
2,320
4,389
50
345
3
189
200
68
267
16
185
14
276
174
84
75
93
3,388
837
8,211
2,529
8,667
7,320
4,935
4,364
7,861
1,734
2.956
4,283
5,159
3,299
6,636
1,699
795
5,258
1,358
2,142
2,487
3,598
3.116
3.793
915
934
1,926
3.138
2,867
5,054
186
8
005
21
Ifil
340
392
28
341
97
397
417
114
64
154
! Knox
Lincoln
Oxford
Penobscot
Piscataquis
Sagadahoc.
Somerset . . ,
Waldo
Washington
York
Total
Majority
70,426
28,030
42,396
112,822'
61,803
17,592
44,211
106,014
62,811
33,118
29,693
6,368
2,046
100,918
67,379
28,299
39,080
3,325
109,784
Aggregate
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Hep.
Seymour,
Dom.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClell'n
Pern.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Douglas
Dem.
1,786
1,993
1,912
1,3:30
3,504
4.557
3,813
3,228
1,995
1,763
Brock.,
Dem.
Bell,
Union.
Fremont,
Rep.
Buch'n
Dem.
Fillmore
Belknap
1,986
1,947
3,825
1,382
4,701
7,265
4,770
6,186
3,650
2,479
1,978
2,163
2,350
1,542!
4.396
5,421!
4,317
4,819
2,353
1,885
1,855
1,782
3,492
1,116
4,337
6,378
4,374
5,819
3,094
2,279
2,135
2,216
2.509
2,444
1,459
4,574
5,325
4,768
4,477
2,550
2,022
1,878
1,981
2,148
3,843
1,349
4,823
6,888
4,794
5,720
3,536
2,437
48
42
166
43
343
221
276
618
258
97
5
8
21
2
42
88
56
116
43
30
2,062
2,185
3,910
1,200
5,029
7,081
4,949
5,914
3,566
2,449
2,220
2.511
2,269
1,508
4,620
5,326
4,730
4,915
2,6,83
2,007
21
17
56
2
39
85
43
111
20
28
Carroll
Cheshire
Coos
Grafton
Hillsborough . . .
Mernmac
Rockingham
Straftbrd
Sullivan
Soldiers vote
Total
38,191
6,967
31,224,
69,426'
34,382
2^82
32,200
66,582
37,519
11,638
25,881
2,112
411
65,923
38,345
5,556
32,789
422
71,556
Majority
Aggregate ....
DELAWARE.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
1880.
1856.
Grant,
Republican
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican
McClellan,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican
Fusion,
Democrat.
Buchanan,
Democrat.
Fillmore,
American,
Kent
Newcastle
1,583
4,217
1,883
2,878
4,963
3,139
1,652
4,274
2,229
2,402
3,813
2,552
1,070
2,074
671
2,948
5,290
3,986
2,083
3,577
2,344
1,530
2,625
2,020
Sussex
Total
7,623
10,980
3,357;
18,603;
8,155
8,767
612|
16,922j
3,815
12,224
8,409,
16,039,
8,004
1,829
6,175
14,170
Majority
Aggregate
18(59.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
MAINE.
671
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
Pierce,
Dem.
Scott,
Whig.
Hale,
Free Soil
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil
Clay.
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Biraey,
Abolifn.
Harrison
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison
Whig.
V Buren,
Dom.
787
6,504
1,810
2,619
2,703
724
4,471
997
1.809
4^489
80
1,379
596
214
954
431
4,797
886
2,075
5,056
868
5,989
1,431
2,318
2,634
106
1,744
810
247
1,656
398
4,483
1,132
1,849
5,393
907
6,367
1,609
2,608
3,535
21
695
392
105
561
289
6,790
1,848
2,434
6,905
480
6,438
2,058
2,509
3,521
3,608
" "634
1,867
4,812
i',665
1,791
5,163
5,224
563
5,316
4,670
967
4,566
5,354
461
6,286
5,188
2,264
2,527
4,049
4,513
851
1,560
3,132
693
697
1,015
381
1,531
3,916
937
3,601
4,591
1,168
1,201
1,528;
432
1,887
3,376
1,047
4,395
4,898
1,136
397
695
228
2,932
4,333
1,275
4,800
4,445
1,136
852
1,483
2,150
2,425
2,019
3.126
2,690
5,270
2,394
1.379
2,278
3,393
457
757
211
726
2,445
1,768
2,501
3,466
2,085
3,382
2,446
4,697
1,008
1,107
449
341
2,840
1,826
2,329
3,216
2,530
4,661
2,605
5,117
435
316
77
453
3,684
2,694
2,357
4,785
2,597
5,069
2,235
5,725
1,521
305
792
1,913
1,658
1,611
1.530
3,393
41,609 32,543
9,066
8,030
82.182
35,125
39.880
4,755
11,596
86,601
34,342
45.722
11,380
4,836
84.900
46,612
411
46,201
92.813
15,239
22,9
7.663
38.141
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
Pierce,
Dem.
Scott,
Whig.
Hale,
Free Soil
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Birney,
Free Soil
Harrison
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
1,837
1,825
2,264
1,491
4.28(5
4.855
4.628
4,502
2,250
2,059
737
491
2,063
376
2,043
2,985
1,627
2.506
2,003
1,316
262
•350
698
167
771
1,447
1,001
1,071
493
430
610
539
1,881
230
1,927
2,799
1,245
2.710
1,664
1,176
1,769
1,8:35
2,076
1,282
4,060
4,773
4,218
3,972
1,912
1,866
334
625
945
219
1,104
1,257
1,076
982
495
523
864
732
2,358
348
2,566
3,124
1,589
2,830
1,702
1,553
1,701
1,816
2,070
1.364
4,046
4,583
3,821
4,007
1,808
1,944
248
233
374
108
631
675
628
584
330
350
3,638
525
3,691
4,084
2,755
4,102
5,280
2,088
2,302
1,341!
4,978
5,072
5,030!
4,984'
6,755
2,299
1,446
80
584
750
594
828
1,068
878
1,507
670
2,708
2,878
3,187
2,562
3,696
1,489
1
29,997
13,850
16,147
6,695
52,839
14,781
27,763
12,982
7,560
50,104
17,866
27,160
9,294
4,161
49,187
26,153
32,761
6,608
58,914
6,228
DELAWARE.
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce.
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
Democrat.
V Buren,
Free Soil.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren
Democrat.
1,591
2,768
1,934
1,422!
3,038!
11858
1,497
3,090
1,834
1,336
2,717
1,845
1
79
1,573
2,816
1,869
1,416
2,678
1,877
1,593
2,321
2,053
1,096
2,195
1,593
1,205
1,671
1,857
1.039
1,814
1,300
6,293
6,318
25
12.611
6,421
523
5,898
80
12,399
6,258
287
5,971
12,229
5,967
1,083
4,884
10,851
4,733
580
4,153
8,886
672
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
JERSEY.
[1SG9.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
COUNTIES.
Grant,
Seymour,
Lincoln,
McClcllan,
Lincoln, Fusion, :
Fremont,
Buchanan, Fillmore,
Rep.
Dem.
Kep.
Dem.
Rep.
Dem.
*.„
Dem.
American.
Atlantic
1,033
1,091
1.117
1,062
1.109
794
547
684 160
Bercen
2.164
2,770
1,554
2,431
1,453
2,092
436 1.548 797
Burlington
Camden
5'928
4,158
5,161
3,613
5,280
3,332
4.176
2,758
5,269 4,036
2,483 2.643
8,149 3,682 1,584
817! 1,7661 2,088
Cape May
! Cumberland
958
3,777
672
2,353
7(51
2.609
557
2.034
680
2,305
520
1.630
177
(542
312
1,574
497
1,231
[Essex
13.043
2,475
11,522
1,769
9.402
1,998
9,239!
l,494l
8,812! 9.711
1,9681 1,470
4,760
639
6.845
986
4,338
1,380
Gloucester
Hudson
7 301
11 073
4 616
6 597
3 491 1 K 1 rai
1 702
2 574
1 411
Hunterdon
1 Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth
3,414
4,378
3.946
3.771
4,796
4,435
4,274
5,236
2*681
3.726
3,037
3,001
4^355 !
3,792!
3,740i
4.410
2,827
3,675
2,924
3,09(
3,934
3,355
3,605
4,089
1,554
2.155
1,209
1,003
3.496
2,857
2,468
3,319
1,106
1,064
1,988
1,815
Morris
4 28?
3 934
3 2°2
3 587
8 4S4
V Q19
2 310
3 008
696
Ocean
1.870
1.002
1.292
791
l'898 '701
892
660
304
Passaic
4 055
3 406
2 934
2 773
2 814
9 dm
1 422
1 618
954
'. Salem
2 554
2 200
2221
2 104
2*226 1*973
'432
1 769
1 516
Sussex
2il86
8'269
l!o21
8!l(54
l'708! 8'087i
1.601
3.054
81
Somerset
2.186
2,535
1,923! 2,324
1.959 2,297
1,295
1,846
709
t nion
3,425
3 734
2 381 1 2 KM
2 197 2 Tr.fi
Warren
2,627
4,156
2,006
3,700
2,401
3,225
1,596
2,877
446
Total
80,121
83001
60723
68 020
58324
62801
28338
46 943
24 115
Majority
2.880
7,297
4,477[
18,605
Aggregate
163,122
128,743
121,125
99,396
VERMONT.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.*
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
±J
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClell'n
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Douglas
Dem.
344
710
581
545
312
538
89
312
973
293
1.348
1.209
461
9!34
Bell,
Union.
Breck.,
Dem.
Fremont,
Rep.
Buch'n,
Dem.
Fillmoro
Am.
68
70
23
73
4
65
9
13
61
6
35
5
47
66
Addison
'Bennington —
Caledonia
IChittenden
Essex
Franklin
Grand Isle
Lamoille
Orange
3.680
2,592
3,078
3,494
761
2,869
371
1,881
3,226
2,840
5,241
3,799
4,311
6,030
405
885
1.009
1,208
283
1.039
155
458
1,246
615
1,169
1,386
941 '
1,192,
3.567
2.333
2.731
3.227
613
2.089
370
1,760
3.365
2.703
4,799
8,633
4.183
6,446
344
1.021
1,115
923
385
1,156
168
531
1,701
626
1,247
1.552
1,232
1,320
2.626
1,937
2,139
2,241
646
1.979
333
1.280
2.714
1,749
4.178
2.941
3.732
5,315
47
94
189
69
10
227
41
37
212
120
116
43
473
291
17
12
20
25
1
20
6
8
38
6
23
4
17
26
3,362
2,120
2.540
2,844
622
2,454
405
1,607
3.207
2.007
4.798
3,821
4.068
5,706
334
785
1,061
688
274
870
92
402
1,364
494
831
1,359
742
1,273
Orleans
.Rutland
Washington —
Windham
Windsor
Total
Majority
Aggregate
44,173
32,122
12,051
56,224!
42.419
29,098
13,321
55,740
33,810
25,161
8,649
1,969
218
44,646
39.561
28,992
10,569 545
50,675
* Gerrit Smith received 65 votes.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
JERSEY.
G73
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
I
Scott, j fierce,
VThig. j Dem.
I
Hale,
Free Soil.
Tajlor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil. '
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
T Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
349
926
3,820
1,568
604
1,371
6,242
1,221
1,596
2,290
2.658
2,495
1,806
2,549
1.102
1,670
1,724
1,177
1,814
' l',574
751
1,414
3,796
1.696
352
1,612
5,631
1,083
1,645
3,578
2,569
2.401
3,179
2,800
567
1,825
1,783
3,184
1,680
0
0
114
27
o
13
5
25
0
C
31
3
472
1,004
3,898
1,967
657
1,666
5,997
1,297
1,434
2.191
2,631
2,469
3,119
2,889
780
1,262
3,014
1,236
226
1,319
3,824
882
760
3,220
2,058
1.807
3,450
2,424
""is
80
23
493
979
3,730
1,448
780
1,549
5,471
1,411
1,129
2,544
1,883
2,321
3,221
2,903
848
1,440
3,017
1,208 ;
314
1,371
3,655 i
902
703
3,386
1,577
2,023
3,434
2,466
425
977
3,417
846
1,316
2,405
f
1.716
3,032
1,942
2,103
696
1,497
4,636
2,388
732
1,830
2,022
2,014
2,953
2,509
194
1,190
2,832:
1,773
501 i
2,733
1,494
1,683
2,880;
2,150
489
1,193
4,343
2,377
234
993
3,334
2,203
'"i27
88
so;
9:
261
129
91
2,114
2,349
2.002
2,344
1,801
1,719
2.549
1,774
1,749
1,702
1,211
2,028
1,304
1,586
3,413
1,617
1201
28
46!
20
1,602
1,775
1,295
2,139
i,29i
1,493
3,490
1,978
1,362
1,582
1,171
1,721
962|
1,302
2,932
1,345;
t
1,334
910
1,436
' i',036
2,389
1,343
2,759
10
1,634
2,689
13
1,645
2,899
1,419
2,466
1,041
1,604
38,556
44,305
5,749
350
83,211
40,015
3,114
36,901
849
77,765
38,318
823
37,495
75,813
33,351
2,317
31, 034 (
64,385;
26,132
560
25,572
51,704
! With Honmouth.
t Not organized.
VERMONT.
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dein.
Hale,
Free Soil
Taylor.
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren
Free Soil
! Clay,
Whig.
!
Polk,
Dem.
Bimey,
Abolition '
Harris
Whig.
V Burcn,
Dem.
Harrison
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
2,041
1.388
1.673
1,672
467
1,675
295
393
1,799
1,199
2,758
1,402
2,053
3,358
378
1.150
1,480
803
382
1,211
186
462
1,555
859
938
1,231
881
1,528
642
181
487
908
16
526
81
689
752
308i
7731
1,217
986'
1,105
2,558
1.559
1,367
1,763
370
1,456
311
239
1,780
1,056
2,911
1,398
2.648
3,656
319
1,150
1,158
571
331
691
130
474
1,414
562
744
1.693
608
1,103
1,035
616
888
1,516
42
1,204
104
754
1,808
536
1,377
1,106
1.443
1,908
2,527
1,656
1,762
1,924
392
1,872
339
485
2.076
1.192
3,584
1,650
2,642
4,669
772
1.450
1,730
1,444
331
1.438
165
759
1,910
888
1.578
2,085
1,703
1,843
312
168!
184
386
18
261
"iii
412
245
333
301
385
538
2.806
1,796
2,025
2,286
448
2,186
363
907
2,874
1,294
4,114
2,057
3.472
5,817
916
1,423
1,713
1,381
303
1,191
162
888
2,216
745
1,551
1,984
1,715
1,821
1,684
1,260
1,410
1,360
164
944
239
939
1,098
1,028
1,062
193
970
149
2,003
1,081
2,769
1,913
2,242
3,886
i,54i
873
1,272
1,927
1,46*
1,450
22.173
508
13,044
8,621
43,838
23.122
8,785
10,948
14,337
48.407
26.770
8,729
18,041
3,954
48.765
32,445
14,436
18,009
50,454
20,955
6,993
13,982
34,917
43
674
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
RHODE ISLAND.
[1869.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Sejmour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClel'n
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Fusion,
Doug, etc
Fremont,
Rep.
Buchan'n
Dem.
Fillmore,
Am.
Bristol
771
1,162
1,532
' V,850
1,678
341
576
597
' 4,254
780
780
1,365
1,773
' 8,i52
1,622
657
449
815
844
' 5,369
993
248
667
1,246
1,610
462
657
879
603
1,260
1,258
337
566
750
218
15
659
Kent
Newport
No. Shoreh'm Township
Providence
7,202
1,519
4,875
834
6,903
1,443
4,432
595
331
452
Washington
Soldiers Vote
Total
Majority
Aggregate
12,993
6,445
6,548
19,541
14,349
5,631
8,718
23,067
12,244
4,537
7,707
19,951
11,467
4,787
6,680
1,675
19,822
PENNSYLVANIA.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClellan
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Fusion,
Dem.
Fremont,
Rep.
Buchanan,
Dem.
Fillmore,
American.
Adams . .
2,917
25,487
4,082
3,648
2,687
7,917
3,986
7,768
7,085
3,803
2,985
508
2,188
3,429
9,178
1,998
1,974
2,056
2;143
7,322
4,171
6,507
4,166
568
8,007
3,792
355
4,451
802
1,809
3,417
4,809
2,147
1,473
15,792
3,789
4,345
5,004
10,723
4,713
1,028
4,979
3,170
14,671
3,412
2,624
2,898
13,973
3,066
3,538
7,613
3,256
3,558
394
2,745
3,646
6,490
2,928
3,096
2,582
4,022
5.455
4,594
4,397
2,616
1,119
4,555
4,608
294
4,171
1,107
3,301
2,179
2,223
2,068
1,753
8,513
1,647
2,,S58
6,321
14,303
4,8391
730!
4,078!
2,612
21,519
3,526
3,237
2,336
6,710
3,292
6,865
6,436
3,475
2,244
325
1,721
2,817
8,446
1,780
1,516
1,666
1,914
6,441
3,604
5,414
3,664
348
6,911
3,221
85
3,862
694
1,688
3,321
4.320
1,820
1,437
14,469
3.408
3.780
3,908
7,645
3,401
767
4,220
3,016!
12,414
3,2111
2,304!
2,752
13.2661
2,686;
3,007;
7,335|
2,947
3,036
232
2,251 !
3,399
5,987 i
2,833
2,801
2,135;
3,467
4,526
4,354!
4,220;
2,145:
835
3,722
4,126
62
3,821 1
906
3,074;
2,477-
2,197;
1,877
1,753
8,448
1,389
2,779!
5.920
10,045
4,207
652
3,569,
2,724
16,725
3,355
2,824
2,505
6,709
3,050
7,091
6,443
3,640
2,277
*
2,718
7,818|
2,163
1,683
2,3341
9,396
1,911
2,219
5,756
2,367.
1,877
1,120
13,671
2,963
2,658
306
1,037
445
6,938
4,682
3,401
804
2,637
9,062
2,680
1,905
2,458
11,272
2,069
2,314
6,517
2,648
2,987
1,249
1,488
188
236
1,936
3,586
2,450
101
785
67
968
Allegheny
Armstrong
Beaver
Bedford
Berks ....
Blair
Bradford
Bucks
Butler
Cambria
Carbon
1,758
3,021
7,771
1,829
1,702
1,736
1,873
5,779
3,593
4,531
3,181
407
6,160
3,454
107
4,151
788
1,614
3,089
3,910
1,704
1,494
13,352
2,937
3,868
4,170
7,300
3,494
1,077
3,855
1,690
2,465
5,473
2,090
1,859'
1,316
2,466i
3,045;
3,356
2,756
1,940
623!
2,638!
3,479
47'
3,213
961
2,708
1,699
1,369
1,145;
1,211
6,304
835J
2,330
4,291
6,803!
2,680 !
698
2,597 1
692
390
5,308
788
718
618
1,289
5,360
1,472
1,615
1,590
275
5,156
2,089
2,446
142
1,321
926
3,612
1,063
480
6,608
3,065
2,414
3,237
4,£50
934
812
3,686
1,866
2,895
6,333
2,7(50
1,978
1,485
2,889
3,391
3,427
3,094
2,005
575
2,584
3,554
465
1,952
1,448
950
604
682
219
45
1,579
2,439
1,010
52
289
1,174
Centre
Chester
Clarion
Clearfleld
Clinton
Columbia
Crawford
Cumberland
Dauphin
Delaware
Elk
Erie
Fayette
Forrest
Franklin
Fulton ....
3,469
970
2,747
2,164
1,762
1,463
1.365
8,731
1,220
2,511
4,426
6,791
3,324
526
2,699
1,233
566
286
1,645
263
615
747
4,592
96
437
122
868
1,770
47
118
Greene
Huntingdon
Indiana
Jefferson
Juniata
Lancaster
Lawrence
Lebanon
Lehi"h
'Lycoming
McKean
Mercer
* New County.
tNew County.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
675
RHODE ISLAND.
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Ilale,
Free Soil.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Whig. '
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
YBur«,
Dem.
628
889
1,249
367
748
1,005
2
83
48
590
690
1,146
61
3,542
750
131
318
205
27
2,515
450
18
52
109
4
398
149
589
786
1,229
109
381
473
476
669
914
136
1,372
417
215
321
568
189
426
505
3,888
1,022
5,529
1,086
431
80
3,751
967
3,192
712
2,482
737
711
665
1,196
410
1,347
597
7,626
8.735
1,109
644
17,005
6.779
3,133
3,646
730
11,155
7,322
2,455
4,867
12,189
5,278
1,977
3,301
8,579
2,710
2,964
254
5,674
PENNSYLVANIA.
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Fierce,
D«m.
Hale,
Free Soil.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
2.725
9,615
2,093
1,805
2.273
4,913
2,590
3,526
4,938
2,8,33
1,461
2,018
7,226
2,430
1,943
2,319
9,503
1,931
3,930
5,766
2,533
2,035
31
965
142
361
0
5
5
281
58
166
15
2,576
10,112
2,030
2,655
2,836
5,082
2,476
3,272
5,140
2,505
1,233
1,762
6,591
2,126
2,303
2,816
9,484
1,435
1,889
5,364
2,247
1,386
25
779
141
530
1
51
4
1,780
163
173
12
2,609
8,083
1,453
2,792
3,147
4,000
1,891
5,7431
1,963
2,172
2,989
8,674
2,453
7,619
1,260
3,143
2,910
3,582
1,628
4,573
1,744
1,710
2,446
7,425
1,520 1,186
3,623 ! 3,074
1,014 1,528
2,077: 1,075
1,980 1,587
1,584 4,967
3,235
4,862
2,247
996
3,568
5,251
2,112
1,123
2,631
4,705
2,100
811
2.844
4,488!
1,804'
920
1,521
; 3,259
1,166
554
1,462
3,081
1,008
450
749
1,916
5,700
1,218
997
996
1,165
2.775
2^78
3,673
2,083
163
4,015
3,030
1,311
2,993
5,520
2,643
1,733
1,318
2,102
3,427
3,188
2,675
1,737
423
2.738
3,867
0
0
338
28
24
2
0
996
0
29j
107
14
611
0
889
1,856
5,949
1,372
761
911
2,263
2,204
3,242
3,705
2,194
134
3,418
3,045
1,181
2,611
5,360
2,306
1,16S
967
3,396
2,748
3,178
2.254
1,547
242
2,022
3,441
1
4
507
37
23
1
29
621
25
34
84
16
357
73
531
1,860
6,070
814
544
788
1,738
2,636
3,092
3,285
2,090
101
3,621
2,804
905
2,425
5,550
1,883
874
875
3,370
3,334
3,155
2,401
1,466
128
2,226
3,4-29
1,448
5,613
648
499
638
1,325
2,469
2,791
3,124
2,031
2.242
4,882
1,360!
812;
649
2.829,
2.9081
8,695
2,187
1,335
924
3,981
1,809
3,277
284
'"Hi
1,232
1,896
1,993
1,224
499
"l',560
1614
1,904
1,372
1,030
3.636
2,755
2,061
3,035
2,134 1,312
1,669, 2,016
3,904
729
1.559
2,511
2.3S7
1,115
559
11,636
1,984
3,105
2,993
3,339
2,085
405
2,211
3,353
831
2,602
2,041
1,827
1,484
823
6,578
1,064
2,118
3,493
5,340
2,790
597
2,693
3
1
30
2
279
22
0
53
514
1
2
79
5
78
769
4,006
*
3,199
4
3,901
3,298
3,586
2,892
2,575
2,155
1,476
2.590
2,410
887
850
11,390
f
2,379
1.922
1,544
992
856
6,080
52
25
204
19
1
163
1,418
4,086
2,200
591
1,089
10,295
2,354
2,575
1,448
731
1,262
5,943
•1,350
3.826
1,953
476
966
9,678
2,010
2.266
1,209
592
1,043
5,470
915
2.628
1,169
229
596
6,250
i,is8
1,340
692
244
627
4,144
2.996
2,978
3,516
1,992
367
2,977
1,862
3,199
3,991
2,244
418
3,094
2
3
176
9
22
1.080
2,636
2,553
2,699
2,012
340
2,840
1,791
2,811
3,950
2,62!)
419
2,869
2,370
2.405
2,776
1,504
263
3,247
1,402
2,450
4,119,
2, 18l|
276<
2,336!
1,487
1,784
1,415
938
85
1.991
1,168
1,987
2,008
1,705
150
1,253
* With Bedford. t With Beaver and Mercer. $ With Bedford and Huntingdon.
11 With Bedford. § Not organized. ^ Not organized.
676
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
PENNSYLVANIA. — Continued.
COUNTIES.
1868. 1864.
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour, , : Lincoln,
Dem. Kep.
McClcllan
Den, |
Lincoln,
Eep.
Fusion,
Dem.
Rep.
Buchanan,
Dem.
Fillmorc,
American.
Mifflin
1.846
812
8,083
1,269
4,791
G,CWO
2.0(54
60,985
370
1 703
1,807
2,915
8,803
1,097
7,702
4,240-
2,410
55,173
1,313
693
9,428
1,318:
1,778
851
3,392
l,95l!
1,277
3,774
1,757
4,867:
3,539
6.360
1,766
9,094
1,643
6S5
6,872
1,130
3,720
2,915
! 2,406
55,797
260
1,390
7,851
1,679
2,788
369
4,203
4,673
1,945
3,849
2,541
4,951
2,274
4,650
1,337
5,568
1,718
2,098
7,943
1,496
6,944
3,608'
2,446|
44,032;
1,180
680
9,540
1,368
1,719
660
2,959!
1,584
1,352
3,341
1,505
4,579
3,989'
5,977;
1,402
8,500
1,701
844
6,838
1,043
3,339
2 422
2,372
39,223
381
1,545
7,568
1,078
3.218
429
4,470
4,754
1,824
2,080
2,284
4,724
2,857
4,887
1,286
5,128
1,308
1,553
6,789
1,101
4.883
2^475'
1.789!
38.024
'832;
521 1
5,529,
975
1,186
498
2,550
1,297
843
1,944!
1,091
4,074!
2,020 ;
4,622
1,245
6,633
216
560
2,845
660
1,168
566
521
7,993
270
1,204
2,188
443
1,458
309
3.801
4,541
1,429
2.041
2,091
4,237
2,172
4,091
1,138
511
1,491
2,275
7,134
1,271
5,200
3,059
2,135
38,222
8C2
667
7,035
1,255
1,763
538
2,548
1,386
1,092
2,157
1,231
4,288
2,259
5,172
1,171
6,876
1,050
69
2,205
149
1,838
1,340
1,407
24,084
15
6
2,682
1,06-1
1,405
48
51
27
186
72
49
265
113
299
74
4,301
Monroe
Montgomery
Montour ....
Northampton ....
Northumberland .
Perry
Philadelphia
Pike
Potter
Schuylkill
8,707
1,925
8,361
473
4,882
5,549
2,081
4,759
3,020
5,051
2,909
5,285
1,623
6,449
Snydcr
Somerset
Sullivan
•tusquehanna
Tio<ra
Union
VenanGro
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Westmoreland . . .
Wyoming . . .
York . .
Total
342,280
28,898
313,382
655,662
296,391
20,075
276,316
572,707
268,030
59,618
208,412
476,442
147,510
230,710
83,200
82,175
460,395
Majority
Aggregate
MASSACHUSETTS.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClel.
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Douglas
Dem.
Bell,
Am.
283
238
640
58
3,187
135
296
182
4,850
76
2,987
1.809
5,640
1,890
22,331
Breck.
Dem.
Fremont,
Rep.
Buch'n,
Dem.
Fillmore
Am.
Barnstable
Berkshire
Bristol
3,381
5,492
10,124
436
20.006
4,580
6.760
5,268
24,689
471
10,128
7.905
17,379
19,858
647
3,782
2,724
108j
7.659'
916;
3.7021
818;
12,452|
46'
4,727
2,701 <
12,943
6,183,
3,994
5,314
9,736
475
17,237
4,376
6,356
5.036
22,318
48(5
11,040
7,610
14,092
18,072
701
3,363
2,173
138
5,691
1,289
2,894
866
9,597
38
5,502
2,512
8,307
5,615
48,745
2,371
5,202
7.980
'338
14,832
3,994
5,184
4,597
17,806
420
8,860
6,703
10,974
17,272
ias
2,865
1,713
116
3,778
917
1,993
608
7,069
31
3,589
1,426
4,891
5,243
366
199
321 !
64i
829 !
331|
592
230
921
9
438;
293
964
382
5,939
2,667
5,344
8,845
317
15,8,85
4,445
5,533
5,166
17,222
583
8,402
7,228
8,582
17,971
703
2,749
2,405
161
4,577
1,200
2,730
832
7,705
120
3,097
1,772
5,853
4,604
300
377
936
122
2,612
260
631
277
4,095
73
2,070
1,496
4,048
1,129
Dukes
Essex
Franklin
Hampden
Hampshire
Middlesex
Nantucket
Norfolk
Plymouth
Suffolk
Worcester
Total
Majority
Aggregate . . .
136,477
77,069
59,408
195,511 j
126,742
77,997
175,487
106,5,33
72,161
169,175
34,372
108,190
68,950
167,056
39,240
19,626
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
PENNSYLVANIA. — Continued.
677
1852.
1848. 1844.*
1840.t
1836."
Scott,
Wing.
Pierce,
Dem.
Hale,
Free Soil.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren.j
Free Soil.
Clay,
Whlgi
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
1,392
418
4,791
860
2,978
1,619
1,413
24,568
202
263
4,128
£
1,620
2,098
5,767
1,455
4,403
2,451
2,159
2(5,022
834
661
4,758
0
0
160
Oj
16
4
Oi
626
0
325
10
1,543
518
5,040
3,191
1,765
1,562
31,229
216
226
4,808
1,586
1,830
5,627
1
«]
1,518
414
4,491
1,519
1.806
5,596
1,226
345
4,068
1,269
1,447
4,869
748
166
2,409
917
796
3,446
4,203
2,258
2,295
21,508
799
468
3,490
1
877
8
248
35
2,776
1,547
1,370
23,289
151
240
2,571
3,870
2.446;
2,3-21
18,851
769
554
3,404
2,846
i 1,351
1,072
17,844
135
180
1,881
3,833
2,187
1.970
18.077
524
363
2,184
1,426
712
372
12,283
42
60
687
2,378
1,421
1,011
10,985
358
1G2
1,380
2,98(5
177
2,035
1,564
3,081
1,164
1,138
3,810
1,232
3,203
807
4,700
1,203
426
3.046
2.614
1,994
1,899
1,433
4,0(>4
2,362
5,509
1,258
5,585
28
59
2151
79
0
204
243
370
21
119
19
11
3,018
129
1,853
1,264
3,129
1,061
948
3,898
997
3,124
861
4,ass
1,127
<303
2.563
1,344
1,656
1,538
1.088
3,820
1,642
5,197
892
5,151
21
19:
soil
1,039'
25
164
136
468
202
122
37
4
2,660
i',802
1,159
2,788
906
899
3,872
899
2.672
'814
4,237
1,035
' 2,697
2.193
1,765
1,377
1,149
3,973
1,657
4,978
899
5,071
2,501
' i',560
895
2,423
855
827
4,149
675
2,778
765
' 2,022
1,721
1,518
1,276
929
3,611]
1,188
4,704
1,905
'"856
400
1,328
600
254
2,805
340
1,725
511
'i',145
1,027
1143
967
498
2,445
724
2,878
3,792
4,382
2,005
2,756
179,174
198,568
19,394
8,525
386.267
185,730
13,544
172,186
11,177
369,093
161,203
167,535
6,332
328.738
144,021
349
143,672
287,693
i 87,111
91,475
4,364
178,586
*Bimey received 3,138 votes.
% New County.
I With Columbia.
•ney recei
i With Ly
coining.
MASSACHUSETTS.
1852.
1848.*
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Pierce,
Hale,
Taylor,
Cass,
V Buren,
Clay,
Polk,
Bimey,
Harrison,
V Buren,
Webster,
V Buren,
Whig.
Dem.
Free Soil.
Whig.
Dem.
Free Soil.
Whig.
Dem.
Abolit'n.
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
1,379
892
473
2,015
802
516
2,290
1,415
251
2,751
1,554
1,187
882
3,579
2.973
631
3,549
2,387
1,549
3,656
3,885
401
3,931
3,780
2,764
2,838
3,827
3,267
2,091
4,840
2.170
2,832
4,872
4,903
644
4,855
4,904
1,732
2,568
250
225
48
290
133
81
302
255
24:
346
294
171
138
6.539
4,576
3,485
8,555
4,678
5.020
8,518
5,259
1,887:
10,056
6,513
6,294
5,261
2,552
1,726
1,218
2,133
1,542
1,645
2.725
2,047
423
3,461
2,137
2,405
1,051
3.445
3,458
757
3,306
3,061
1,284
3,416
3,593
451
3,441
3,312
2,262
2.370
3,300
1,425
1,243
3,055
1,070
1,806,
3.725
1,605
626
4.083
1,625
2,561
1,106
8,750
8,925
5.231
9,&54
6,820
5,9(54'
9.581
9,124
1,718
9,716
8,626
5,009
5,753
329
189
189
444
89
159
633
237
41
671
320
283
92
3,589
3,454
2,479
4,739
2,451
3,538
5,217
4,287
888'
5,404
4,2.38
2,177
2,350
2.993
2.080
2,440
3,568
1,847
3,189,
4,449
3.315
305
5,065
3,538
2,843
2,6G8
4.868
5,413
1,600
8,895
3,173
2,132
8,778
4,659
509
7,557
4,339
4,842
2,978
7,283
5,966
7,138
5,827
5,058
8,34§
9,359
7,562
2,147
11,537
6,764
7,717
4,419
52,683
44,569
28,023
61,070
35,281
28,058
67.418
52,846
10,860
72.874
51,944
42,247
34,474
25,789
14,572
i
20,930
'
7,773
125,275
124,409
129,124
124,818;
76,721
* 1,670 votes were cast for the Webster ticket, and 184 for the Native American ticket.
678
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
KEW YOBK.
[1869
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
1852.
Grant.
E.p.
Seymour.
Dem.
Lincoln.
Rep.
McCl'an.
Dem.
Lincoln.
Bep.
Douglas,
Fus'n, io
Fremont.
Bep.
Bucha'n.
Dem.
Fillmore.
Am.
Scott.
Whig.
Albany
Allegany
12,137
6,555
5,727
6,153
8,261
9,387
3,709
5,875
4,213
5,354
4,082
5,621
8,201
15,822
3,606
3,403
3,662
4,254
3,447
5,346
8,421
27,707
3,412
4,823
6,266
11.682
3,H81
47,738
5,118
12,593
12,320
5,782
8,129
3,904
9,563
6,568
1,557
4,973
10,551
2,221
1,866
11,888
6,436
2.473
3,284
2,771
2,807
8,647
4,589
3,287
4,323
4,646
8,044
2,711
6,M2
6,322
9,641
4,226
3,136
419,883
14,080
2,823
3,885
3,868
?880
4,441
3,707
4,093
3,709
5,661
2,109
4,288
7,490
14,454
2,150
2,264
3150
2,847
3,954
4,109
5,883
39,838
3,238
3,465!
3,968
10,019
3,810
108,31 6 1
4,695
11,276
9,023
4,168
7,879
2,446
6,ios;
6,075
1,728
6,388
10, 381 !
3,019
2,762
3,941
5,266;
2,333|
4,736!
2,040:
3,287
6,461
4,185:
3,662'
3,191 !
3,100
8,524
2,239
4,063
4,405
11,667
2,591
1,750
10,206
6,240
5,003
6,606
7,534
8,700
3,292
5,552
3,471
4,876
3,9843
5,297
7,201
13,061
3,224
2,839
2,972
4,030
3,087
5',OS7
8,592
20,838
3,078
4,580
6,182
10,203
3,519
36,681
4,839
12,048
10,996
5,409
6,784
3,755
8,793
6,151
1,443
4,284
9.159
1,564
1,445
10,864
5,909
,2,263
2,870
2,576
2,680
8,099
4,305
2,960
3,780
4,518
6,900
2,399
6,221
6,122
7,607
4,123
3,036
12,934'
2,561 !
3,139;
3,575
4,408
3,992
3,109
4,033
3,546
5,240
2,063
4.249
6,643
13,370
2,164
1,837
2,887
2,772
3,897
4',207
5,842
25,726
2,911
3,553
3,748
9,107
3,908
73,709
4,287
10,916
8,713
3,989
6,633
2,458
6,238
6,047
1,618
5,400
9,377
2,874
2,287
4,048
4,715
2,309
4,801
1,893
3,267
5,813
4,027
3,548
3,018
2,996
7,766
2,169
3,642
4,392
9,355
2,568
1,693
9,835
6,443
4,554
5.955
7,922
8,481
2,949
5,685
3,961
5,108
3,893
5,001
6,763
12,430
3,454
3,103
3,111
4,464
3,137
5',302
8,796
15,883
3,257
5,178
6,289
10,808
3,528
33,290
4,992
12,508
11,243
5,764
5,898
3,859
9,076
6,543
1,243
3,749
8,464
1,408
1,410
11,324
5,900
2,154
3,279
2,551
3,025
8,250
3,756
2,944
3,760
4,348
6,775
2,719
6,173
6,668
6,771
4,498
3,014
11,145
2,530
2,876
3,409
3,954
3,673
2,478
3,686
3,270
4,722
1,712
3,212
6,071
10,885
1,793
2,402
2,897
2,456
3,534
3',362
5,531
20,588
2,274
3,261
3,216
7,291
3,253
62,25)3
3.741
9,011
7,222
3,634
6,011
2,246
5,414
5,061
1.325
4,392
8,421
2,370
2,369
4,007
4,552
1,994
4,213
1,708
2,990
5,023
3,519
3,170
2,743
3,026
6,252
1,970
3,482
3,938
8,081
2,390
1,466
312,510
675,156
5,016
6,545
4,297
5,166
7,035
7,037
2,664
5,458
2,659
3,818
3,596
4,367
5,512
6,901
2,904
1,469
2,593
3,620
2,164
149
5,074
8,249
7,846
3,124
3,597
6,312
7,584
3,076
t!7,771
3,906
11,172
10,071
4,551
4,274
3,088
8,246
6,373
963
1,886
5,153
736
668
9,698
4,524
1,714
2,376
2,542
2,163
7.270
2,393
1,690
3,331
4,019
2,932
2,202
5,174
5,776
4,450
4,066
2,994
276,007
80,129
7,751
1,640
2,106
1,773
1,818
1,847
1,789
2,406
2,134
3,020
1,181
2,107
4,039
7,536
1,173
1,600
1,374
1,434
2,346
250
1,650
3,496
14,174
1,114
1,652
1,861
4,683
1,485
41,913
1,864
6,386
4,227
1,642
3,948
1,052
3.683
3,595
1,096
2,394
4,415
1,550
1,526
1,950
2,446
787
2,837
981
1,625
3,217
2,045
1,583
2,154
1,4:30
4,030
1,006
1,632
1.999
4,600
1,911
915
5,301
856
791
978
1,923
2,017
766
1,070
1,311
1,981
628
2,009
2,013
5,520
956
1,145
1,034
1,100
1,533
117
1,230
1,058
8,647
418
1,979
865
3,070
1,713
19,922
1,985
1,601
1,724
8,189
2,172
1,412
1,175
1,229
479
2,521
4,548
946
937
1,332
2,581
1,213
1,B30
461
1,265
2,OM
1,980
2,037
4.35
1,470
4,703
735
1,848
1,448
3,641
571
351
7,246
3.670
2,674
3.687
4,8:38
5,612
2,326
3,880
2,286
4,142
2,328
3,289
5,495
8,023
2,756
1,747
2,171
3,358
2,803
126
2,679
5,656
8,487
1,727
4,096
3,379
7,467
1 2,995
23,115
3,413
7,831
6,097
4,402
4,221
2,586
4,375
4,454
826
2,208
6,185
1,147
738
4,570
4,498
1.654
2,958
2',213
5,236
1,917
2,054
2,234
3,410
5,133
1,174
4,230
4,033
4,033
3,005
1,974
Broome
Dattaraugus ....
Cayuga
Chautauqua ....
Chemung
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchcss
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton
Genesee
Greene
Hamilton
Herkimer
Jefferson
Kings .
Lewis
Livingston
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery . . .
New York
Niagara
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens
Rensselaer
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence . .
Saratoga
Schenectady . . .
Schoharie .
Schuyler
Seneca
Steuben . .
Suffolk
Sullivan . .
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington . . .
Wayne '.
Westchester . . .
1 Wyoming
)Yates..
Total
429,883 368,7-35
10,000 ! 6,749
849,766 1
361,986
730,721
362.646
50,136
195,878
124,604
596,489
234,882
Majority
Aggregate
t The State canvassers put Fremont's vote in New York city at 16,469, owing to a blunder of
the county canvassers, which was subsequently corrected but not in time for the report of the
State canvassers. * With Fulton. $ New County.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
NEW YORK.
679
1852.
1848.*
1844.
184O.
1836.
Pierce,
Hale,
Taylor,
Cass,
V. Buren
Clay,
Polk,
Birney,
Urrison,
V. Buren
Birney
Harrison,
T. Burom
Dem.
Fr. Soil.
Whig.
Dem.
Free Soil.
Whig.
Dem.
Abolifn
Whig.
Dem.
Abol'n
Whig.
Dam.
8,363
133
7,068
4,002
2,407
7,109
6,916
124
6,371
5,944
45
4,261
4,947
4,009
678!
2,789
1,283
2,040
3,913
3,640
435
4,132
3,382
78
2,696
2,615
3,064
347
2,490
1,959
777
2,681
2,508
106
2,395
2,131
21
1,465
1,642
3,493
561'
2,604
1,677
1,236
2,743
2,634
487
2,9(56
2,475
64
1,489
1,888
4,550
916
4,318
1.034
3,979
4,908
5.202
376
5.172
4,864
72
3,724
4,284
3,703
1,146
4,207
1,911
1,628
5,612
3,407
314
5,985
3,345
23
3,895
3,095
3,189
339
1,943
728
2,166
1,791
2,592
106
1,698
2,296
0
1,000
1,724
4,481
303!
3,587l 2.616
1,481
4,215
4,495
243
4,386
3,995
25
2,734
3,612
2,812
245!
1,941 1,472
1,221 |
1,919 2,218
410
2,023
1,828
31
854
1,331
4,455
7
3,943i 2,121
2,100j
4,322 4,691
11
4,290
4,478
5
3,051
3,767
2,064
655
1,879 946
1,803
2,378
2,858
543
2,664
2,229
43
2,017
1,724
4.052
339
2.832! 790
2,908
3,071
4.230
205
2,988
3,847
42
800
2,823
5,600
.33
5.376
3,227
1,295!
5,767
5,627
37
5,355
5,362
16
2,366
3,973
7,033
510
7,647
3,360
2,357
6,905! 5,050
415
6,787
3,687
38
4,882
2,661
1,973
174
2.629
1,002
1,119
2,612! 1,998
143
2,617
1,789
1
1,855
1,603
2.074
130
1,353
974
911
1,524
1,501
93
1,440
1,110
7
910
862
2.070
115
1,976
380
1,602
2,107
2,192
100
2,087
1,867
29
3,170
4,303
2.166
313
2,890
1,180
1,111
3,604
2,105
298J
7,057
3,809
155
5,060
3,271
3,242
342
16
o
2,707
f
1,551
1,425
2,968
3,488
30
2,991
3,258
7
1,883
2,976
4,220
555
2,430
699
3,893
2,8(58
4,346
608!
3,ii8
4,350
70
1,184
3,036
6,279
757
4,841
2,445
4,342
5,576
6,291
712
6,257
5,630
59
3,761
4,595
10,621
66
7,511
4,882
817
5,107
4,648
77
3,293
3,157
24
1,868
2,321
2,535
303
1,223
789
1,258
1,640
2,073
154
1,718
1,755
37
411
1,094
3,055
308
3,730
889
2,100
3,773
2,709
210
3,916
2,634
52
2,643
1,902
3,435
1,584
2,898
1,565
2,739
3,683
3,848
1,311
4,266
4,115
105
1,703
2,909
6,314
775
6,539
1,443
4,671
6,873
5,611
430
6,468
4,835
77
4,887
3,932
3,373
40
2,924
1,285
1 60"*'
2,849
3.278
85
2,828
3,298
9
1
34,228
206
29.057
18,974
5' 106
26.385
28,296
117
20,958
21,936
153
16,348
17,417
2,862! 1,056
2,828
1,313
2.080
3,100
2,589
310
2,964
2,219
72
2,267
2,143
8,636
1.038
6,032
3,585
4.816
6,983
7,717
1,144
7,156
7,769
390
3,621
5,477
6,415
1,701
5,442
2,229
4,942
6,495
6,878
732
6,557
6,561
240
2,981
4,776
3,347
547i
3,848
1,272
2,627
4,568' 3,659
. 435
4,828
3,451
152
3,4:35
2,731
5.171
16
4,172 3,170
1,434
4,626! 5,303
37
4,371
4,845
3
2,242
3,541
2^67
605
2,402
918
1,722
2,600 2,311
276
2,606
2,031
77i
1,859
1,825
4,973
2,148
3,655
1,134
4,254
3,7711 4,382
851
4,192
3,907
166
1,946
3,105
5,486
643
3,929
3,674
1,941
4,743! 6,050
413
4,856
5,580
60
2,469
4,627
1,521 0
816
996
415
979 1.731
0
920 1,583
0
236
817
2,899 12,
2,444
1,310
800
2,547 2,751
0
2,522| 2,550
2
1,399
1,654
6,563
218
6,241
2,685
2,930
6,360 5,618
181
5,752
5,424
32
4,634
4,981
1,324
30
1,099
860
123
1,049 1,063
1
903
861
0
649
649
1,785
0
918
1,064
255
794 1,679
1
637
1,657
0
371
1,044
5,583
1,386
3.667
613
6,023
4,672 6,008
468
4,803
4,751
41
2,235
3,089
4,291
71
4,438
2,515
1,405
4,550
4,200
119
4,416
3,873
16
3,013
3,339
1,900
0
1,716
1,0(59
444
1,814
1,679
31
1,752
1,579
5
1,149
1,480
3,846
18!
2,724
2,671
654
2,986
3,523
111
2,692
3,137
26
1,422
2,437
2,511
200
1,767
1,350
1,523!
2,327
2,569
124
2,466
2,472
14
1,501
2,036
6,880
345,
4,357
1,975
3,623
4,385
5,512
243
4,081
4,820
42
2,384
3,650
3.306
0
2,180
1,051
1,400
2,487
3,375
14
2,415
3,482
0
1,037
2,071
2,681
44
1,672
1,363
534
1,739
1,964
30
1,475
1,679
9
833
1,227
2,815
197
1,782
1,683
789!
1,999
2,545
90
1,925
2,180
5
1,258
1,625
3,472
862
3,003
1,270
2,648|
3,845
4,013
322
3,969
3,558
32
2,78(5
2,935
5,91(5
26!
4,659
1,970
2,277i
4,804
4,783
12
4,492
4.280
2
2,167
3,658
1,713
119'
1,270
1,019
618
1,880
1,791
118
1,306
1,411
5
570
1,316
3,174
451 !
4,486
1,233
2,024:
5.024
3,270
338
5,071
3,024
29
3,593
2,592
4,050
941
3,567
797
3,690
3,953
4,046
563
4,309
3,996
16
2,653
2,968
5,279
55
4,112
2,146
1,312!
4,258
4,412
19
4,083
4,354
10
1,749
3,009
2 471
727 ;
2,381
1,337
1,630'
2,754
2,102
442
4
2,153
324
1,651
862
1,483
2,056
2,110
207
2,072
2,087
44
1,472
1,686
262.083
25,329!
218,603
114,318
120,510
232,482
237.58815,812
225,817 ! 212,527
2,798
138,543
166,815
27,2011 || 98,093
5,106
13,2901
28,273
522,294| II
453,431'
485.882
1441,142
I
305,358
* Gerrit Smith polled 2,545 votes,
t With Fulton.
$ New County from Genesee.
| With Fulton.
680
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
VIRGINIA.*
Accomac .
2 Albemarle
3 Alexandria
4 Alleghany
5 Amelia
6 ; Amherst
7 ' Appomattox
SJAugusta
9 i Harbour . .
lO.Bath
lljBedforcl
!2iBerkeley
13 Boone
l4<Botetourt
15'Braxton
lejBrooke
17 Brims wick
18 Buckingham
19 Buchanan
20 Cabell
2i;Calhoun
22 Campbell
23 Caroline
24!Carroll
25 Charles City
2«i Charlotte
27 Chesterfield
28;Clarke
29! Clay
SOjCraig
31 Culpepper
32,Cumberland
33>Dinwiddie
34!Doddridge
35iElizabeth City
36|Essex
37 Fairfax
38 Fauquier
39 Fayette
40JFloyd
41jFluvanna
42|Franklin
43lFrederick
44 Giles
45jGilmer
46 1 Gloucester
47 Goochland
48 Grayson
49 Greenbriar
50,Greene
51!Greensville
52jHalifax
63iHampBhire
54 Hanover
55 Hancock
56 Hardy
57iHarrison
58'Henrico
59|Henry
60 Highland
61 1 Isle of Wight
62 1 Jackson
63 1 James City
64lJefferson
65;Kanawha
1868.*
Seyi
1860.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Hi
178
Si.') !
Bell, Breck.,
Union. Dem.
736
1,317
1,012
250
282
622
221
2,553
422
220
1,4(58
913
121
590
274
173
308
544
14
316
19
1,521
561
315
224
418
788
288
119
112
526
278
389
143
248
279
691
789
384
487
863
963
866
117
301
244
315
993
74
139
563
878
575
33
894
931
1,403
543
215
147
388
148
959
1,176
737
1,05(5
565
344
249
808
563
218
910
163
1,037
830
204
589
227
450
444
523
134
1(51
285
1,208
772
729
111
465
328
335
85
322
525
276
254
356
164
308
685
1,027
241
400
443
1,076
1,315
244
268
460
428
44
505
521
151
1,312
1,054
749
262
355
1,191
641
444
170
757
500
60
458
513
Dougla
Dem,
80
97
141
37
32
2(5
10
1,094
39
22
91
106
24
174
46
76
137
22
19
407
1
146
18
11
9
25
588
49
•2
19
37
183
91
21
4
91
89
65
85
7
133
66
63
119
"37
"in
10
.11
ins
75
27
85
74
107
189
59
255
1!)
(11
5
440
1856.
8,30
1.026
946
183
150
449
152
1,904
325
180
1,044
846
113
341
494
261
131
320
"396
27
1,065
414
260
190
247
350
225
108
450
184
140
178
184
338
650
884
318
271
2fiS
699
898
275
127
268
198
26(5
792
57
54
329
747
315
190
842
840
755
391
237
142
488
122
845
1,149
* Virginia did not vote in 1864 and 1868.
t New County.
$ New County.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
VIRGINIA.
C81
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
Ca3S,
Democrat.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
Harrison, Van Buren,
Whig. Democrat.
576
1,163
784
93
145
450
192
1,664
324
157
1,189
751
117
421
387
281
187
438
564!
1,106
577 j
206
237 (
559,
352
1,388:
592;
179
965 ;
924
212'
738!
290,
460
462
530
544
838
539
104
163
416
190
1,354
287
152
886
608
68
462
191
227
213
344
295
619
225i
149
198'
413!
322
723
484f
124'
534
544!
128
683
114
276
337
361
566
917
472
702
739
714
239
517
617
524
30
67(3
114
159
451
i',398
221
196
941
663
'"394
186
427
194
180
274
461
'"665
468
250
639
539
84
166
372
i'ioi
t
203
919
599
171
240
329
'"454
"'2iS;
558
372
30
as
246
'"821
'"ii4
511
380
153
180
255
302
'"206
482
200
695
156
543
408
407
202
350
261
575
109
516
380
181
15
181
177
297
799
42
413
258
468
548
596
475
520
451
424
287
233
287
346
481
436
192
206
1,101
443
213
176
337
409
263
...879
621
488
89
369
854
386
794
367
179
142
290
296
209
554
425
2671
68
303
505
201
833
476
121
202
337
3:38
199
656
463
268J
43
346
604
220
718
399
*•-»
318
298
174
487
467
"'SO
327
580
191
478
219
'"io3
245
243
102
477
317
'".si
332
ar>3
138
92
447
256
319
86
156
273
608
928
265
384
440
620
1,024
287
114
267
195
222
644
87
67
405
649
450
241
858
601
646
330
) 170
171
J 439
J 97
L 958
i 1,226
238
461
252
304
285
211 1
233
606'
1.045
243
301
378i
802 i
1,421'
350'
324 i
372
396!
267!
498
416i
168!
l,096i
1,1151
554!
349'
532
992
548
332
431
645
459
45
898
776
#
354
235
282
28
133
186
4S9
685
257
271
271
608
795
274
77
185
168
193
658
63
79
395
581
410
161
525
443
592
315
101
105
23fl
99
738
742
318
162
228
137
120
135
320
503
134
225
190'
606
884!
342:
178
197
254!
200
3031
270
130'
848i
557
427|
216 i
271 i
611!
393
251!
288
393
233
37
594
272
396
274
270
298
'207
318
351
262
302
295
228
235
251
241
108
242
216
161
133
229
410
761
2,9
123
186
391
607
...163
141
241
366
683
....199
85
125
321
533
....188
79
130
2:30
429
339
II
50
.... 348
281
159
38
87
176
363
189
'"366
....5 JO
518
254
216 297
305 244
619 674
80o! 887
267 350
'"233! ""236
....165 319
150 331
709! 351
66 300
83 .. 146
143
334
569
755
226
279'
153
515
743
293
247
120
455
568
62
....110
179
333
589
308
230
| 150
177
67
59
371
8
126
282
377
212
ios
183
396
268
171
732
407
386
344
675
558
1,041
694
482
422
729
450
964
605
462
5.33
479
578
306
'"93
.... 247
103
725
983
272
760
405
258
'470
304
39
624
442
497
828
445
311
'"89
258
141
667
827
230
1,341
398
191
285
246
287
238
137
601
246
213
533
211
9
592
324
49 253
"1» 4
400 269
497 228
* New County, t New County. % New County. II Informal. § With Orange. «[ With Mason.
682
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
VIRGINIA. — Continued.
[1869.
8
v- COUNTIES.
O
g
1868.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Eep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Kep.
Bell,
255
184
142
209
462
332
100
2,0*3
498
251
74
569
928
716
251
35
430
443
151
622
693
712
308
477
733
264
345
984
704
234
276
232
1,202
427
141
433
400
970
1,702
140
163
678
225
562
451
374
343
243
332
400
230
259
491
2,402
053
224
237
293
1,231
883
473
591
427
446
545
Breck.,
Dem.
Douglas.
Dem.
Fillmore,
American.
Buch'n,
Dem.
66 Kino- and Queen
510
223
315
142
894
604
271
778
754
527
834
1,337
809
439
306
37
901
432
241
601
520
425
254
429
390
172
152
439
447
214
350
179
915
475
937
432
217
223
1,057
166
3:«
559
127
942
379
423
191
718
250
327
69
243
409
1,167
1&5
544
264
373
3(51
676
526
594
i,as3
49(5
563
2
1
12
10
247
6'
120
2
32
20
137!
108
297 j
168
127
73
150
388
299
60
1,979
247
117
57
470
981
708
186
*
438
206
274
160
916
712
411
858
632
486
750
1,632
931
561
270
67 Kin011 George
68!Kin» William
69 Lancaster
70 Lee
71 Lewis
72 Lo^an
73 Loudoun
11
74 Louisa
75 Lunenburg
76 Madison
77 Marion
1
78 Marshall
79 Mason
80 Matthews
81 McDowell
82 Mecklenburg
63
13
757
83
74
20!
112
2!
48'
233
52
6
1
28
716
12
75
70
133
613
177
119
30
214
120
239
16
65
126
26
5
38
14
143
-«
a
52
641
1,354
34
61
170
49
9
271
214
128
609
731
468
329
445
520
169
366
787
1,008
335
249
140
1,464
287
57
385
424
672
1,227
178
115
f
867
492
249
1,447
747
653
319
416
418
193
298
644
1,230
256
340
203
1,632
437
1,034
594
500
836
1,355
303
417
83 Mercer
84 Middlesex
85 Monoiifalia
86 Monroe
87 Montgomery
88 Morgan
89 Nansemond
90 Nelson
91 New Kent
92 Nicholas
93 Norfolk City
94 Norfolk County
95 Northampton
96 Northumberland .
97 Nottoway
98 Ohio
771
90 Orange
100 Pa<re
101 Patrick
102 Pendleton
103 Petersburg
104 Pittsylvama
105 Pleasant's
106 Pocahontas
107 Portsmouth
4
108 Powhatan
92
719
393
214
74
233
200
391
228
218
351
1,753
291
277
255
228
1,036
510
388
406
233
332
458
244
1,232
397
429
306
709
331
396
141
441
492
1,474
225
506
212
503
1,124
2,733
755
810
2,339
572
570
109 Preston
110
110 Princess Anne
Ill Prince Edward
112 Prince George
113 Prince William
'"55
114 Pulaski
115 Putnam
116 Raleitrh
117 Randolph
118 Rappahannock
119 Richmond City
120 Richmond County
121 Ritchie
12
122 Roane
123 Roanoke
124 Rockbridge
125 Rockingham
126 Russell
127 Scott
128 Shenandoah
13
129 Smyth
130 Southampton
* New County.
tNew County.
1869.]
RESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
VIRGINIA. — Continued.
683
8
=3
o
fc
tit;
67
OS
(59
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
88
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
itl
92
93
94
95
90
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
KM;
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
ll(i
117
118
119
I'M
121
122
123
124
125
121)
127
12H
12!
130
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
CaBS,
Democrat.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Duron,
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
169
132
99
136
403
224
173;
1,813
356
159
107:
560
743
536:
177
349
156
246
122
773
566
308
788
503
374
646
1,197
721
476
256
224
149
93
137
324
331
99
1,453
307
169
69
324
558
349
136
258
112;
234
107
521
522
117
420
444;
272,
486 i
669!
527
274
189
250
165
109
139
237
329
123
1,505
364
196
65
286
524
415
172
328 1
117
337 ;
99
578!
684
177
474
535]
333
512!
677
554
363
2221
282
its
115
170
275
386
136
1,269
375
228
53
*
305
129|
306
87
489
616!
189
381
475!
302
532
199
148
61
93
62
144
57
9:35
116
132
32
275
42
185
76
330
243
157
254
458
202
307
458
405
180
462
304
220
229
317
61
297
322
131
304
268
95
688
497
501
270
500
591
174
252
767
921
298
208
122
1,452
290
110
489
375
515
8(54
152
116
680;
289
1571
1,308
499
490
259
462
444
148
167
792
l,224i
144,
279
185
1,186
343
870
399
881
759
877:
237
240
342
194
116
434
488
340
188
311
394
167
213
652
629
170
161
117
977
29(5
69
387
285
392
834
#
497
184
125
809
469 1
306
201
280
229;
101
90
448
650
95
234
143
478
281
595
272
309
333
589
276
173
131
393
425
364
183
361
443
198
170
634
627
240
185
187
897
239
50
369
409
376
838
618
177
118
780
460
345
216
244
291
177
127
403
591
lie;
•276
182
402
288'
628
386:
552
336
6,35
319
146
101
681
408
338
179
383
404
198
173
529
561
334
183
132
922
881
45
342
389
245
876
561
124
123
1,236
420'
261 i
145!
259!
237
156
120
298
478
24
3001
190
287 <
235
528!
274!
468
262'
616 i
206
f
420
62
309
223
163
46
185
118
108
t
96
681
358
389
100
76
219
57
234
320
284
77
70
536
217
18
177
217
183
641
98
163
6
185
174
239
386
247
294
382
125
529
106
212
81
227
107
210
28
85
122
647
409
227
91
190
174
348
128
301
331
1,854
834
188
243
923 i
342
302
282
534
223
370
63
337
436
1,012
181
381
154
460
373
211
127
207
131
192
*
202
527
299!
253!
215
412
141
183
215
382
329
264
139
159
166
210
504|
251
377
226
457,
174
'"i76
402
268
124
167
142
'"216
2741
3(51
237
393
161
161
156
195
216
71
96
176
300
56
273
154
232
201
304
1,0(54
182
124
213
239
345
148'
339
207
359
847
502
104
i99
314
282
154
254
450
318
580
177
^
321
300
176
151
293
171
455
115
160
196
138
108
208 384
1,031! 1,084
575; 2,473
301! 275
354! 577
291 1 2,094
4341 479
498 ! 456
183
6(55
395
482
296
176
326
338
249
501
1,655
316
452
1,404
309
307
177
697
290
414
276
170
275
325
279
543
1,716
416
531
1,372
371
390
159
635
256
264
284
102
259
378
255
528
1,444
293
441
1,218
305
372
§
408
129
9
10
52
76
185
379
792
385
316
7.35
229
192
1 New Counties. t Formed from Giles.
8 With Montgomery.
% With Fayette.
§ From Botetourt.
684
1HE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
VIRGINIA. — Continued.
[1869.
i
"3
£
COUNTIES.
1868.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Bell,
Union.
Dem.
Douglas,
Dem.
Fillmore,
American.
Buch'n,
Dem.
181
i:«
188
181
185
i:;<;
187
18S
18!»
110
111
142
118
141
115
llli
147
14S
11!!
150
151
15-2
158
Spottsylvania
599
404
197
177
647
30(5
22
315
331
276
72
916
326
66
438
90
49
150
102
832
60
617
227
74,681
358
516
402
115
294
575
934
99
423
589
462
31
1,178
166
52
160
607
43
255
363
832
29
795
90
257
165
55
9(5
26
"'23
197
54
54
'"56
82'
5
4
153
24
16
8
56
9
22
3
448
'262
102
88
432
119
1(5
329
295
145
51
644
296
*
622
539
230
367
616
1,140
137
556
334
568
18
1,115
362
Stafford
Sussex
Taylor
Tazewell
Tucker
Tyler
Upshur !
Warren
Washington . .
Wavne
Webster
Westmoreland . '
439
80
56
191
42
753
81
531
194
131
704
57
322
18
875
116
887
114
Wetzel
Winsburg
Wirt
.
Wise
Wood 1 .
81
Wyoming . .
Wythe
York
Total. .
tl,929
74,323
16,290
167,223
60,310
89.706
29,396
150,016
Majority
Aggregate
t Total correct ; details incomplete.
MARYLAND.
'New County.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClell'n
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Bell,
Union.
Breck.,
Dem.
Douglas,
Dem.
' Fillmore,
Buchan'n
Dem.
Alleghany
Anne Arundel. .
Baltimore City..
Baltimore Co. . .
Calvert
Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
2,428
244
9.103
2,3:35
67
474
2,300
1,715
35
476
3.8li9
1,175
490
2(56
399
164
275
39
421
.357
3,056
229
421
2,721
1.670
21,702
4.377
626
9.)7
2,607
2,481:
1,124;
1,415
3,813
2,313
1.012
i;382
1,745
1.664
1.528
1,182
989
1.252
3,114
1,319
1,464
2,455
416
14,978
2,402
62
728
2.05(5
1,757
27
626
3,553
1.259
579
413
496
197
384
99
644
578
2,980
664
1,990
1.574
2,953
2,391
669
270
1,885
1,520
961
1.361
2,302
1,650
778
1.269
1.542
1.550
1,482
986
2,110
267
1,402
1,506
522
3
1,083
37
1
12
59
158
6
a5
103
81
1
42
50
1
0
1
2
2
95
0
1,521
1,041
12,604
3.388
399
712
2,295
1,792
430
1,265
3,616
1.862
830
852
1,155
'885
908
261
1,536
793
2,567
1,048
979
1.017
14,956
3.305
386
616
1.791
1,506
723
1,176
3,167
1,527
530
694
1,125
1,048
879
920
1,339
898
2,475
1,425
1,203
98
1.503
449
43
100
339
303
38
31
445
82
189 1
74'
99
43
87
190
89
88
283
90
1,938
1.043
16,900
3,504
401
638
2.346
1,884
461
1.292
3,724
2,074
899
&33
1,208
881
904
247
1,593
749
2,717
1,224
2,248
927
9,882
3,155
356
743
2,099
1,845
758
979
3,304
1.405
633
550
1,126
983
741
1.052
1,321
910
2,670
1,428
Dorchester
Frederick
Harford
Howard
Kent
Montgomery . . .
Prince George's
Queen Anne s . .
St. Mary's
Somerset
Talbot
Washington
Worcester
Wicomico
Soldiers Vote . . .
2,800
321
Total
Majority
Aggregate
30,438
62.357
31,919
92.795
40,153
7,414
32,739
72,892
2,294
41,760
42,482
'722
5,966 47,4(50
8,345
92,502' 1
39,115
86.575
I860.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
VIRGINIA. — Continued.
685
6
o
o
!_
131
13-,'
1*J
i:M
13.1
i:;r,
131
IMS
IW
140
141
142
i 4:5
114
145
lie,
147
US
149
150
151
152
15:)
1852.
1848.
1844. 184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Democrat.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk, : Harrison,
Democrat. Whig.
Van Buren,
Democrat. !
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
440
2(59
147
107
351
243
565
447
201
883
612
413
230
94
82
266
215
405
255'
158:
273;
247>
548
438
233
118
124
'"ioo
4-12
346:
168:
825
'627
358
2(55
95
109
868
295'
195!
347
207
148
41
46
282
178
108
213
113
"'325
486
2
259
340
324
169
66
715
225
380
439
520
14
924
206
324
*
290
441
511|
438
'"396
3
625!
143
' ' '56
41
70
223
"'iij3
5
60S
122
62
485
105
285
15
679 1
110
iati
371
190
321
24 :
723|
184
110
92
364
J. .
280
102
' 37
222
83
488
68
288
249
89
47
122
60
318
34
130
305
67;
286
si
150
52
66
50;
83
7
68
4
645
42
333
129
607
29
615
90
430
t
325
533
330
'"553,
109
513
""879
192
392
315
249
347
118
336
86
309
113
4741
12
112
57
369
3
58,572
73,858
15,286
132,430
45,439
46,963
1,524
92,402
43,677
49,570 i
5,893s
93,2471
42,501
43,893'
1,392
86,394
23,368
30,261
6,893
53,629
* New County.
tNew County.
MARYLAND.
i New County.
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
Scott,
Pierce,
Taylor,
Cass,
V Buren,
Clay,
Polk,
Harrison,
V Buren, !
Harrison,
V Buren,
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
Free Soil.
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
1,454
1,976
1,579
1,620
3
1,424
1,491
1,460: 1,216
1.082
834
834
889
1,693
1,486
5
l,777l 1,503
1,415 1.261
1,092
882
9.558
14,035
10,474
10,995
72
8,413
8,88(5
7,296
7 3*6
5,630
5,740
1,946
3,001
2,527
2,669
7
2,301
2,716
1,941
2;<i20
2,069
2,482
353
352
431
3.35
0
451
344
494
325!
363
284
555
500
492
580
0
680
552
687
535
576
492
1,702
1,920
1,763
1,672
7!
1,784
1,694
1,554
1,610
t
1,494
1,550
1,504
1,444
4!
1,527
1,504;
1,448
1,314
1,020
l',092
657
411
769
398
0
785
519:
841
502
514
256
1.239
933
1,367
820
0
1,377
903
1,381
839|
966
694
3,204
3,342
3,158
2,983
20;
3.190
2,994
2,958
2,623
3,130
3,015
1,858
1,378
1,521
1,253
3
1,517
1,247
1,342
1,248;
1,080
920
570
625
*
1
662
551
645
447
3
728
527: 679
476!
589
367
1,061
842
1,057
771
1
1,124
85-2
1.099
665
946
515
915
724
1,051
733
1
1,054
66C),
1,017
609
728
450
723
7:35
725
612
0
749
778
661
637
517
681
440
788
422
o!
1,449
902:
895
415
643
190
1,443
1,115
1,413
1,005
i
783
468!
1,516
844'
1,030
523
740
796
706
719
i
795
712;
749
682
65(5
479
2,669
2,723
2.688
2,434
1!
2,6.33
2,565
2,484
2,290
2,079
1,995
1,253
1,182
1,351
1,130
0
1,453
909
1,494
691
1,032
1,541
35,066
40,020
37,702
34,528
129
a5,984
32,676
33,528
28,752'
25.852
22,268
4,954
3,174
3,308
4,776
3,584
75,086
72,359
68,660
62,280;
48,120
1 New County.
tNot formed.
686
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
NORTH CAROLINA.*
5 Ashe
Beaufort
10 Burke
11
12 Cftbamu
13 Caldwell
14 Camden
15 Carteret
16 Caswcll
17 Catawba
18 Chatlmm
19 Cherokee
20 Chowan
21 Cleveland
22 Columbus
23 Craven . .
Cumberland
Alamance
Allegheny
Alexander
Anson . . .
Bertie
Bladen ....
Brunswick
Buncombe
24
25 Currituck
Davidson
27 Davie
28 Duplin .
29 Edgecomb
Forsyth
Franklin
32 Gaston
.33 Gates
34 Granville
.35 Greene
36 Guilford
37 Halifax
38 Harnett
39 Hay wood ....
40 Henderson . .
Hertford
Hyde . .
Iredell
Jackson .
45 Johnson.
46 Jones
Lenoir .
Lincoln
49 Macon
Madison
Martin
McDowell
Mecklenburg
Montgomery
Moore
Nash
New Hanover . . .
58 Northampton . . .
59 Onslow
60 Orange
Pasquptank
Pcrquimans
Person
Pitt . .
1868.
Republican.
1,102
245
351
1,002
620
1,318
1,517
1,372
878
927
1,085
828
383
474
889
1,416
407
1,838
883
692
677
434
3,389
1,757
431
1,679
522
901
2,337
1,102
1,429
800
448
2,512
782
1,739
3,080
690
403
571
795
667
841
244
1,345 i
592 '
1,192
641
315
528
943
676
1.702
718
1.067
740
3,568
1.889
408
1,810
898
863
881
1,775
8.7.
1,055
2841
5161
1,050
624
1,227
753
1,079
698
744
1,090
1,062;
617
514
905|
1,429
1,057
1,151
256
467
930
823
1,461
1,284
883
821
723
1,488
1,158
314!
1,226
604j
650!
1,846:
598
1,479,
1,814
691
408
290j
581
808
1,518
500!
957|
441!
838
593 i
502
305
921
503
1,916
220
735
1,018
2,231
803
726
1,834
511
529
814;
1,247
I860.
Bell,
Union.
§-
661
471
871
717
1,082
597
44
705
810
449
503
441
237
302
970
&
239
196
322
693
670
66
1,186
641
149
196
965
318
131
394
868
326
1,838
546
138
248
496
418
459
1,025
142
630
165
317
2-13
333
349
826
725
588
64
664
506
153
956
477
341
4as
710
Breckinridge
536
245
2-2!)
549
326
470
(562
445
229
a3
370
994
878
604
459
194
1,091
723
492
879
595
728
329
1,380
1,789
825
759
826
338
870
381
304
757
542
367
425
246
395
328
403
974
197
533
473
221
751
276
1,101
102
299
1,323
1,617
654
781
787
239
234
420
731
DouglM,
2
7
1
4-2
17
....
4
4!)
18
9
8
42
18
8
194
15
88
" (i
122
35
"is
31
3
17
70
14
56
12
83
'iis
2:>
78
18
4
20
8
31
"46
in
21
5
18
1
135,
8
1749!
1856.
4.V2
322
723
617
796
511
367
384
311
731
594
374
474
389
212
168
787
522
212
71
212
475
76
128
964
477
117
151
772
255
53
305
756
218
1,515
509
§-
191
406
375
398
1,241
65
619
157
264
226
308
182
311
274
573
54(5
s89
61
577
466
145
747
532
346
273
570
•North Carolina did not vote in 1864.
t Thrown out.
§New County.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
NORTH CAROLINA.
687
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
CBM,
Democrat.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
White,
Whig.
ran Buren,
Democrat.
219
992
558
910
498
371
352
761
557
642
493
503
414
226
98
369
396
574
444
582
301
389
376
371
146
107
388
931
' i',084
660
923
524
280
319
1,210
996
756
503
493
474
293
'"359
358!
463
302
3 ill
237
286
4:M
377
96
70
317
1,087
""299
343
180
442
263
88
889
350
231
1,012
522
932
475
280
351
1,284
961
718
598
556
434
283
4si
477
527;
439;
486'
283!
228!
412
874
219
101 1
3151
1,182
1,194
578
761
496
346
350
1,623
1,436
891
395
460
309
385
414
230^
309'
450!
354
689
297
616
312
195
123
744
724
440
612
454
276
ioo
189-
1,169,
157
123
7
88
152
1,055
i,66s
5:34
225
211
178
583
811
134
1,019
414
186
89
'"363
'"363
991
325
1,552
497
' ' '314
493
290
335
909
725
290
219
494
357
694
1,488
490
497
259
930
1,454
"704
1,033
549
2<)5
314
169
698
812
193
1,087
448
318
143
519
175
171
421
274!
616!
1,191
466
520j
251 1
939
1,3%
1,136
390
305
366
1:35
654
703
157
1,091
529
223
126
729!
225
166
6241
363i
628!
1,101 !
551|
610;
282i
936
l,503j
1,124
414
330
568
113
158
718
"263
599
'"140
204
666
612
142
1,441
687
253
135
315
540
950
468|
390
225
807
1,374
112
187
418
33
593
'"»
90
159
323
667
424
108
'"682
1,175
341
658
336
'"760
374
689
283
584
363
945
326
345
424
379
959
318
1,714
582
289
8311
237;
373
446.
355
936
302
2,1:34
592
355
942
276
515
456|
378
933
297
2,300
604
328
778
215
414
356
103
664
143
788
495
281
494
. 178
335
330
302
210
23fi
227
280
418
541
316
495
1,137
2i3
116
144;
236
211
342
555
309
318
1,582
•"267!
141
253
164
&30!
431
||
221
136
205
396
431
1,780
199
89
328
253
169
772
214
74
337
1 708
191
282
1 621
> 309
I
870
201
397
1,418
240
646
242
282
828
427
t
361
559
775
583
588
113
464
493
211
1,667
57C
434
34f
636
746
136
334
1,593
207
""545
161
945
82
406
798
1,255
488
686
1,585
244
253
518
479
595
203
225
790
374
650
142!
356
1,736
224
597
243
549
132
306
155
172
591
182
448
90
281
1,386
288
1,000
433
1,958
168
289
> *
1 680
I 620
> 546
( 88
r 383
} 455
) 175
) 1,441
L 53S
I 324
J 26?
1 67S
. 567
' V,ii5
132
484
1,030
1 1,400
530
597
1,307
316
270
471
602
310
\
580
291
596
179
559
909
658
540
74
382
519
194
1,686
663
440
275
634
1,201
1391
500
894
1,122
364
717
1,589
232
223
649
476
1,000
1,136
529
78
293
550
143
1,639
693
596
214
627
1,246
105
495
797
1,042
383
690
1,448
149
134
597
391
712
644
181
95
150
359
140
905
200
166
160
377
985
106
493
481
735
1&3
446
1,103
155
50
507
368
*With Burke.
t New County.
§FromMacon.
JWith Burke.
^ New County.
11 New County.
688
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
NORTH CAROLINA. — Continued.
[1869.
COUXTIE9.
1868.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Bell,
Union.
Breckinridge
Democrat.
Douglai.
Democrat.
FiUmore,
American.
Buchanan,
Democrat.
Polk
399
1,514
1,195
1,015
1,412
1,166
1,332
93
633
6621
1,252
1,143|
1,618'
467 1
1,108
549
447
596
392
719J
2,343
944
304
.350
1,229
537
883
726
450
118
1,224
544
648
485
1,023
495
529
934
432
502
300
379
1,130
138
322
413
239
1,323
*
"842
275
270
321
269
720
1,017
1,026
695
979
53
745
811
77
858
1,216
890
147
159
1,359
363
' ' '495
500
1
44
4
134
162
13
3
6
9.
'"»
22
5
276
6
'"44
11
124
1,025
500
566
,359
865
412
358
731
331
302
277
230
789
78
308
364
208
992
'"694
208
156
336
176
073
1,001
77)
576
927
108
658
706
92
655
1,472
841
148
236
1,172
380
' ' '483
016
| Randolph
Richmond
RoBcson
Rockinoliam
Rowan
Ruthei'ford
Sampson
1,018
398
758
830
237
758
3,332
2,219
309
796
1,475
1,429
909
768
292
Stanley
Stokes
Surrey
Tyrrel
Union
Wake
Warren
Watauga
Wa^hiri°'ton
Wayne
Wilkes
Wilson
Ya-dkin
t...
23
4
Yancey
Total...
Majority
92,241
18,641
73,600
J 165,841
44,900
48,539
3,639
2,700
96,139
36,886
48,246
11,360
85.132
Aggregate
* With Edgecomb. t New County.
J Including Clay, Mitchell and Transylvania (new Counties), 1,397 votes.
GEORGIA.*
COUNTIES.
1868.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Bell,
Union.
Breckinridge
Democrat.
Douglas,
Democrat.
Fillmore,
American.
Buchanan,
Democrat.
Appling
(Baker . . . ...
'"m
1,056
246
19
2,918
158
302
336
724
719
352
614
2,194
1,303
221
425
931
606
548
112
6631
1,120
1,473
447
156
4,643
533
534
814
1,197
502
403
311
1,034
112
114
397
93
219
880
281
75
7
211
269
98
35
412
508
613
338
141
568
220
430
446
695
246
312
115
583
287
259
440
466
316
809
&36
173
567
4(>8
309
230
207
7.85
1,294
1,052
382
43
1,812
303
287
854
451
286
197
106
1,377
l'
21
95
'?
313 1
4
1
1
255!
27
6
'"iii
29:
836
7^!
320|
19
152
«4
57
12
103'
6!
54
96
175
200
"'TO
774
""94
34
183
283
56
28
448
455
751
346
38
971
231
380
566
003
188
'"i37
7(54
268
453
300
'"226
959
'"i.is
460
940
387
251
186
754
1,176
1,205
365
129
1,445
320
506
1,146
487
279
'"iii
1,251
Baldwin
Banks
Berrien
Bibb
Brooks
Bryan
Bullock
Burke
Butt-*
1,632
247
391
440
601
562
668
194
95
2,316
3
147
339
1,186
351
195
75
613
Calhoun
Camden
Campbell
Cass
Catoosa
Charlton
Chatham
Chattahoochee
Chattooga
Cherokee
Clarke
Clay
Clayton
j Clinch
jCobb
* Georgia did not vote in 1804.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
NORTH CAROLINA. — Continued.
C89
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cast,
Democrat.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
Whit.,
Whig.
Van Buren.
Democrat.
1,036
678
660
342
836
761
604
714
1,081
1,046
286
' i',032
167
'"362
2S6
1,073
277
146
732
823
672
301
867
58
1,237
937
8*
' i',357
691
'"216
1,067
242
1,196
699
633
380
859
958
612
725
1,014
1,132
300
775
1,028
156
""373
258
1,060
225
71
545
766
560
126
741
14
912
852
96
945
1.247
667
"'149
903
121
1,171
802
559
430
833
1,310
533
530
1,084
996
283
' i',044
128
'"329
254
1,208
312
117
599
1,022
586
296
878
48
1,153
880
92
' l',374
810
'"i24
911
181
1,344
820
579
547
942
1,802
553
269
102
506
905
502
540
741
349
438
293
223
1,131
529
257
180
57
472
860
109
449
559
1,212
1,191
380
1,061
812
83
684
617
189
978
865
35
1,026
105
1,149
754
665
86
813
662
432
306
1,450
54
731
114
193
162
741
48
551
209
"236
""357
maj. 31
338
427
415
290
138
267
39,058
39,744
686
78.802
43,550
8,681
34,869
78,419
43,232
3,945
39,287
82,519
46.376
12,594
33,782
80,158
23,626
26,910
3,284
50,536
GEORGIA.
8
s
§
1852.*
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Democrat.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
White,
Whig.
i
s
3
4
B
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
•20
21
22
•23
24
•25
•21 ;
•27
13
101
177
77
630
272
144
341
382
108
634
322
152
223
324
142
506
307
93
182
731
61
204
530
34
t
502
22
'"499
'"sis
""780
'705
'"805
'"706
'"862
'"758
748
'"625
'"654
60
'"is
11
66
maj. 287
177
434
123
43
598
269
60
377
215
420
103
17
556
244
72
410
411
435
80
25
593
185
22
384
203
339
29
217
136
259
45
'"sie
210
31
158
185
263
""305
""iii
81
139
211
338
850
654
"»••••
' i',i75
'"sie
660
226
ioe
281
475
988
220
582
834
1,513
104
205
355
655
218
543
768
I,lb9
166
163
276
561
191
427
437
705
113
996
402
328
101
146
121
205
843
""462
660
624
741
817
835
590
647
527
351
""140
461
398
983
495
284
517
596
324
813
420
186
369
617
201
416
318
t...
494
313
4
307
48
975
f
""197
'"119
862
1,261
658
943
428
658
*In 1852 a Webster ticket received 5,324. and an independent Pierce ticket received 5,811 votes.
tNew Counties.
44
690
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
GEORGIA. — Continued.
28 Coffee
29 Columbia
30:Colquitt
31 iCovveta
32 Crawford
38 Dade
34 Dawson
35 Decatur
36Dekalb
37iDooly
38 Dougherty
39 Early
40 Echols
41 lEffingham
42|Emanuel
43|Elbert
44 Fannin
45 Fayette
46iFloyd
47|Franklin
48!Forsyth
49|Fulton
50 Gilmer
51 Glascock
52 Glynn
53 Gordon
54 Greene
55 Gwinnett
56 Habersham
57iHall
1868.
Republican
Seymour,
I860.
1856.
Bell,
Union.
Breckinridge ! Douglas,
Democrat.
Fillmore,
American.
58
59 Haralson
Harris...
71
Hancock
Hart
Heard
Henry . . .
64 Houston
Irwin . . .
66 Jackson .
67 Jasper . .
68 Jeft'erson
69 Johnson
70 Jones
Liberty
72 Laurens
73 Lee
74
•a
70
77 Macon
Madison
Marion . . .
80 Mclntosh .
Meri wether
1
25
991
3
18
316
1,141
197
32
1,607
Lincoln
Lowndes
Lumpkin §.
33
116
29
34
421
286
591
107
305
2.474
406
10
626
327
1,200
388
172
327
85
201
872
241
334
420
1,079
"264
5
765
12
"267
407
1,070
"454
308
786
91
201
664
81
82 Miller
aslMilton
84 Mitchell
85 Monroe
86!Montgomery
87 Morgan
88 Murray
89 Muscoggee
90 Newton
91 Oglethorpe
92 Paulding
68
112
972
1,046
.338
1,621
923
116
277
160
'l47
1,329
541
310
274
1,351
1,092
850
1,857
548
171
346
460
1,015
251
649
1,525
664
699
2,812
444
334
210
894
1,001
1,249
388
623
958
218
1,214
504
647
1,065
2,085
145
1,055
873
922
232
423
288
711
447
824
733
493
804
398
835
143
1,159
302
459
677
1,652
220
635
629
2,153
1,529
849
534
30
336
67
531
107
17
92
519
415
249
277
122
25
203
241
291
140
301
848
137
364
1,195
122
14
17
481
581
772
457
122
402
62
689
151
380
658
569
19
463
182
214
145
428
222
170
231
393
419
233
321
29
557
28
340
146
638
255
301
251
767
810
347
93
67
115
895
378
259
338
579
636
348
371
294
87
208
210
120
500
472
756
726
631
1,018
710
51
177
874
114
642
188
710
128
256
392
482
439
523
555
74
675
251
67
117
128
240
36
314
319
271
375
321
175
014
231
417
323
46 J
40
14
363
1
55
62.
1
64i
23j
26j
1
-3
42|
457 i
100
28
286
3!
471
347i
33
125
1
97
151
234
72|
83j
148
1
30
90
62
54J
311
21
108
174!
326
96!
14
21 j
36!
18j
105i
25
24
57
6
142
210!
160
351
188
39!
16
342
75
584
228
155
'454
453
200
197
149
'189
259
354
152
455
812
183
458
911
191
"91
593
576
749
256
451
427
66
753
152
418
759
576
30
453
382
376
'l35
133
406
229
212
292
468
385
215
495
49
648
20
656
201
363
240
9.33
910
394
191
1SC9.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
GEORGIA. — Continued.
691
1852.
1848.
1844. 184O. 1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Democrat.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk.
Democrat.
H ' !
Whig.
Democrat. ! Democrat.
Whig.
'"iio
'"215
161
65
'"226
565
175
'"i29
" 259
"'650
367
126
519
'"822
402
102
250
'"662
434
258
492
'"777
377
46
307.
'"644
454
247
470
"'792
435
38
223
106
281
768
458
163
407
373
*
447
246
295
1.016
474
'"374
493
799
349
""266
350
1,097
571
"'505
383
580
269
'"kii
346 i
967
507
"'4i9J
432
665
226
""258
203
759
296
'"293
146
467
162
'"isi
254
387
116
"'48
18
5
159
64
174
107
183
155
991
99
207
161
193
107
999
86
241
186
158
80
957
'"337
275
353
348
55;
118
105
81
55
77
132
5
549
267
367
66
106
582
494
435
589
521
680
363
629
717
673
965
747
412
350
376
451
705
425
1,058
735
542
267
581
457
307
136
484
258
190
87
209
132
116
309
402
855
219
511
127
164
78
48
29
264
311
61
98
64
40
584
172
427
59
186
132
*
22
92
23
88
14
31
52
827
745
425
521
473
139
635
778
664
283
780
779
322
489
515
132
763
964
696
330
889
745
290
445
481
126
624
761
504
240
31
632
576
473
243
551
543
241
291
343
468
339
870
403
845
463
853
292
330
606
258
428
273
12
45
132
91
'"l66
58
67
189
18
22
178
296
23
351
16
323
410
526
503
192
103
372
93
'"346
133
63
223
155
290
235
386
69
425
90
634
415
939
697
86
561
409
607
473
824
674
355
688
512
111
293
858
659
21
492
438
679
436
819
723
223
664
536
108
315
931
667
59
572
495
458
352
793
572
121
542
495
89
244
392
450
77
484
406
119
204
584
560
4
297
596
526
404
171
567
323
238
507
652
388
336
510
117
717
415
132
25
181
120
397
1,097
271
326
477
98
768
397
179
686
335
286
427
665
331
347
517
127
688
455
190
15
121
179
362
1,254
245
327
256
114
926
461
144
556
304
317
422
355
369
357
404
119
755
352
78
4
77
123
90
786
303
286
193
135
702
350
89
1
57
155
73
599
*
375
126
288
113
234
163
269
159
215
38
509
221
347
54
359
'"379
14
189
237
651
336
60
44
631
.35
286
323
875
386
179
327
791
231
467
799
i,aso
1,045
636
352
664
24
300
1,072
£56
502
193
420
798
238
442
303
1,190
1,025
626
218
708
34
348
669
980
553
241
394
796
167
478
273
1,044
988
654
227
675
8
280
452
811
351
127
207
568
11
171
128
325
337
76
*
710
67
341
23
711
636
286
* New Counties.
692
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
GEORGIA. — Continued.
[1869.
A
s
1
COUNTIES.
1868.
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Republican.
420
105
249
319
213
951
53
55
1
3,128
69
147
871
63
234
49
187
Seymour,
Democrat.
Bell,
Union.
Breokinridge
Democrat.
Douglas,
Democrat.
FUlmore.
American.
Buchanan,
Democrat.
98
94
95
9(i
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
ll»i
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12fi
127
128
129
1311
131
132
Pickens
Pierce
200
240
1,027
485
955
645
312
316
969
2,753
454
628
998
482
1,245
963
519
752
918
291
987
1,048
186
1,601
501
435
813
824
1,082
172
881
1,076
175
474
433
936
237
1,332
900
273
156
79
427
345
286
292
167
11
504
849
234
171
530
484
694
505
173
202
361
127
387
499
101
970
181
216
619
655
574
34
240
609
37
293
151
450
19
302
354
122
451
237
596
326
464
151
287
353
597
403
172
343
596
538
380
406
220
313
393
98
227
402
192
402
320
474
279
480
555
215
55
312
134
242
220
747
254
266
484
263
45
1
15
48
34
170
3
10
57
1,052
65
27
24
18
131
89
9
4
6
69
34
44
48
6
11
49
320:
183!
1
427
285
'"5
29
202
3
171
111
4
198
*
"49i
371
240
294
4>
425
'"630
259
417
353
Pike
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Rabun
72
450
1,143
"i67
540
598
855
547
109
186
312
121
313
333
60
1,005
178
261
617
565
460
6
250
699
39
263
*.
598
*
407
656
890
"286
545
558
701
442
238
191
429
110
233
463
265
412
287
454
305
824
684
125
589
564
131
213
'"733
Randolph
Richmond
Spanieling
Stewart
Talbot
Taliaferro
Tatnall
Taylor
Telfair
345
Terrell
362
1,386
229
652
759
280
776
426
382
86
188
143
10
282
143
651
86
684
53
Thomas
Towns
Troup
Twiggs
Up*on
Walker
Walton
Ware
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
White
Whitfteld
Wilcox
Wilks
279
282
83
428
531
227
Wilkinson
Worth
Total
Majority
57,134
102,822
45.688
159,956
42,886
51,889
9,003
11,590
106,365
42,228
56,578
14,.350
98,806
Aggregate
*New Counties.
ILLINOIS.
1 Adams
2 Alexander .
3 Bond
4 Boone
5! Brown
6|Bureau
7 Calhoun....
8 Carroll
9;Cass
10; Champaign
1868.
Grant,
Rep.
4,774
639
1,558
2,050
930
3,844
393
2,292
1,077
3,250
5,471
1,098
773|
306;
1,502!
2,315
702!
680:
1,403!
2,1251
1864.
Lincoln, ;McClell
Rep.
1860.
722
1,154
1,727
718
3,351
311
1,903!
8631
2,116]
4,562
881 !
713!
242
1,318'
1,793:
562
443|
1,243 i
1,133! I
Rep.
3,811
106
987
1,759
728
3,622
269
1,630
1,046
1,793
4,265
684
981 i
310
1,202
1,415!
668
461!
1,301
1,221
1856.
Rep.
15
153
1,748
169
2,603
70
1,1611
303
732 i
3,311
401
607
243
903
1,234
391
2371
914
550!
662
230
659
27
433
48
163
153
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
GEORGIA. — Continued.
693
5
<H
o
0
fc
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Democrat.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Democrat.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
Van Buren,
Democrat.
White,
Whig.
93
91
95
W
97
98
99
100
101
102
in:;
104
105
lor,
107
los
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
IK;
117
IIS
119
120
121
122
123
12-1
125
120
127
12S
129
130
131
132
'"659
184
119
33
229
'"4
362
411
""8
356
326
325
430
19
121
105
47
*
'"89
*
509
147
231
284
828
*
"326
399
892
«T
560
624
427
287
423
294
247
430
457
351
241
468
275
310
149
248
119
446
144
677
625
'"iti
377
491
452
• 441
76
55
264
88
55
780
908
""265
"926
733
819
388
361
*
"160
207
724
595
""223
"'686
587
738
55
44
'"iso
34
606
903
'"256
253
735 i
...H
278
30
509
939
'"iso
212
519
407
199
239
324
6
193
501
199
135
197
892
650
855
394
338
'"i77
813
444
912
67
64
"'i<J8
882
449
912
431
253
'"263
639
176
807
47
28
'"53
374
159
621
25
13
355
239
653
361
149
44
91
259
526
250
348
267
426
60
22
202
596
113
97
355
372
111
1
25
236
10
*
422
267
223
ass
786
399
36
306
451
65
1,122
331
412
657
784
544
193
614
692
58
384
414
641
344
965
741
161
360
626
69
1,055
389
237
643
• 447
555
187
641
629
138
487
467
554
384
686
763
125
368
595
95
1,071
411
107
632
387
516
215
552
593
74
330
373
360
298
541
619
35
243
453
51
219
303
*
"297
159
538
*
945
295
'"489
122
306
317
375
56
337
360
i
293
""i2
94
*
644
'"i93
502
*
""452
473
"'293
498
430
387
389
560
438
428
352
474
474
252
355
231
16,660
34.705
18,045
51,365
47,544
2,742
44,802
92,346
42,100
44,177
2,077
86,277
40,261
8,340
31,921
72,182
22,104
24,876
2,772
46,980
* New Counties.
ILLINOIS.
1852.
1848.
1844.
18
4O.
18
36.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Hale,
Free Soil.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Birney.
Abolit'n
Har'is'n
Whig.
V Buren
Dem.
Har'is'n
Whig.
V Buren
Dem.
2,236
105
494
551
445
2,635
296
485
525
661
107
'37
338
1,992
101
391
414
408
2,205
212
371
395
666
251
i
43:
415
20'
1,2FO
81
564
375
329
1,495
138
622
398
551
149!
24
27
58
1,617
299
513
220
301
1,352
424
551
222
434
380
20
173
651
106
108
712
670
430
376
306
566
362
378
160
434
279
211
335
215
257
3
247
268
213
183
499
784
347
351
830
259
72
426
761
213
222
724
187
116
...fl]
221
176
178
178
92
191
10
244
397
154
69
315
141
"'ei
'"86
694
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
ILLINOIS. — Continued.
[1869.
COUNTIES.
11 Christian
12 Clark
13 Clay
14;Clinton
15 Coles
16!Cook
17 j Crawford
18 ! Cumberland
19:DeKalb
SOlDeWitt
SllDouglass
22|Du Page
98 Edgar
24'Edwards
25iEffingham
1868.
Grant,
Hep.
Seymour,
Dem.
1864.
Lincoln, iMcClell'i
Rep. Dei
1860.
1856.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Douglas,
Dem.
Fremont, Buchan1
Rep. Den
Fillmore.
Am.
Fayette
Ford
Franklin
Fulton .
30 Gallatin .
31 Greene
32 Grundy
Hamilton
34 Hancock . . .
Hardin
36 Henderson
37
Henry
Iroquois .
Jackson..
Jasper . . .
Jefferson .
41
42
43 Jo Daviess
(11
Jersey.
Johnson
Kane
Kankakee . . .
47 Kendall
48 Knox
49 Lake
50 La Salle...
Lawrence
Lee
Livingston
Logan
Macon
Macoupin . .
51
Z'2
5:5
54
55
56
57 Madison
58 Marion
59 Marshall.
60 Mason
Massac.
62 McDonough.
63 McHenry . . .
McLean .
64
65 Menard
66 Mercer
Monroe
68 Montgomery .
69 Morgan .
70 Moultrie
Ogle.
71
72 Peoria
73 Perry
74 Piatt .
75 Pike
2,017
1,548
1,394
1,559
2,058
27,527
1,150
1,007
3,441
1,652
1,366
2,369
2,29S
888
1,021
1,711
921
1,021
3,559
704
1,303
1,963
809
3,596
342
1.309
4,483
2,764
1,303
871
1,116
1,131
2.980
1,234
5,047
2,808
1,955
5,101
2.545
6,231
1,074
3,065
3,448
2,155
2,771
3,153
4,192
2,186
1,934
1,677
883
2,936
3,298
5,895
1,000
2,078
966
2,173
2,663
R57
4,212
1,581
1,265
2,775
2,285
1,906
1,339.
1,5701
2,247|
19,104
1,477
1,344
890
1,340
1,132
1,160
2,320
421
1,690
2,029
308
1,278
4,118,
1,025'
2,569!
966!
1,284
3,687
450!
1,030
1,756;
1,835
1,333;
1,134
l,930i
1,998!
1,892|
612
1,653
807
535
2,496 S
l,090j
5,439!
1,175
1,542!
2,132
1,902!
2,236
3,431
3,653
2,190
1,532
1,719
614
2,721
1,380
1,295
1,388
1,345
2,700
2,773
1,146
1,507
4,252
902
773
3,319
1,043
1,061
852
1,110
2,210
18,667
822
591
2,985
1,271
993
1,816
1,683
636
635
1,054
233
659
2,991
624
978
1,461
382
2,655
314
1,210
3,553
1,777
783
537
649
817
2,517
1,230
4,270
2,113
1,765
4,245
2,403
5,174
735
2,562
1,746
1,727
1,827
2,274
3,156
1,427
1,548
1,155
948
2,145
2,951
4,001
854
1,759
560
1,274
2,292
549
3,239
3,5:36
1,147
747
2,335
1,606,
2,237
1,002!
1,168
1,555;
4,351
1,371
1,134
741
1,069
774
774
1,858
330!
1,223
1,680!
258
876
3,694
692
2,249
775
1,145
2.02'.)
315!
877
1,414
843
1,203
923
1,487
1,546
1,722
3801
1;482
564
470
1,864
873
4,515
954
1,173
1,100
1,371
1,516
2,935
3,287
1,678
1,403
1,253
265
2,171
1,188
2,582
1,075
1,100
1,527
1,960
2,354
829
1,142
3,739
718
529
2,857
968
1,313
681
748
1,497
14.589
921
629
3,049
1,258
809
1,790
1,727
580
2:35
228
3,629
221
979
1,412
102
2,568
107
1,253
3,022
1,429
315
626
459
910
2,782
40
4,207
1,977
1,811
3,832
2,394
5,342
764
2,420
1,474
1,729
1,501
2,192
3,161
858
1,030
1,198
121
2,255
3,457
962
1.808
845
1,099
2.312
618
3,184
3,539
649
782
2,553
1,408 I
1,724
1,070
1,294
1,467
9,846
1,384 1
909
965 !
l,015i
629;
803J
1,923
370
1,084
1,571
148
1,391
3.926
1,020
2,173
710
1,553
2,900
499:
911 1
1,532
955
1,556
906j
1,852
1,291
1,841
1,563!
1,651
803
571
2,208
905
4,290
970
1,140
1,088
1.521
1,541
2,688
3,100
1,715
1,376
1,224
873
2,266
1,444
2,567
1,035!
1,193
1,401 1
1,7431
2,419|
707 1
1,315!
3,788:
1,101
599J
3,016
239
709|
291
161
783
9,020!
477
246
2,254
623
1,387
952
176
90
68
2,021
24
245
923
9
1,120
4
757
1,924
750
14
387
2,110
2
3,570
1,386
1,622
2,a51
2,347
3,721
1,804
5851
655
500
1,111
150
1,008
267
5
1,937
109
1,141
346
162
963
154
2,469
2,082
200
85
1,053
884
1,318
731
840
1,178
5,680,
961 !
641]
381
679'
542
1,342
283
784
947
2,724
764
1,565
618
1,135
2,011
332
610
876
460
1,0515
679
1,278
702
1,509
1,144
912
258
334
1,490
558
2,065
729
601
480
823
821
1,778
1,451
1,150
834
737
630
1,370
945
1,517
854
769
900
992
1,656
432
734
2,459
671
310
2,163
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
ILLINOIS. — Continued.
695
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Hale,
t>ee Soil.
Taylor.
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Birney,
Abolit' n
"'e
'"7
"si?
Har'is'n
Whig.
T Buren
Dem.
Har'is'n
Whig.
"190
54
124
180
524
154
V Buren
Dem.
"218
85
149
151
519
203
356
842
284
375
997
2,089
571
293
456
516
426
966
530
670
733
3,767
827
444
583
540
2
6
'"2
793
11
183
743
207
351
-877
1,708
493
108
223
373
254
759
405
431
633
1,622
507
102
374
363
'"a1?
182
625
186
334
776
1,117
425
191
142
317
216
756
448
327
582
2,027
496
189
242
361
89
667
218
326
1,109
1,034
421
147
611
338
417
695
1,989
392
"i97
316
"sis
720!
212
207
645
3
6
2,120
'"427
20
355
20
131
3
172
293
381
892
291
175
437
586
924
162
527
678
386
33
313
829
288
99
407
623
816
113
330
452
528
42
19
372
701
385
82
414
551
884
185
364
653
173
24
49
428
783
311
52
442
"260
143
1
80
"409
95
45
268
196
1,843
324
- 864
249
223
1,286
244
547
357
378
347
258
395
651
1,481
135
i 1,160
*
' 515
1,080
697
1,204
510
478
164
568
&55
841
1,548
285
546
561
268
840
866
1,256
644
575
294
1 415
I 1,397
292
899
1,556
277
192
1,745
709
2,192
592
1.297
338
754
1,4GB
212
414
475
482
531
461
865
564
1,425
751
1,308
"532
1,119
812
1,894
589
573
214
489
486
1,196
1,715
762
579
621
449
ass
1,199
1,058
698
498
1,125
655
1,411
263
755
1,805
564
161
1,762
139
1,635
235
853
123
125
1,087
234
408
138
268
177
154
280
530
1,772
67
855
459
1,684
537
1,128
207
478
1,074
237
291
80
322
243
228
605
454
1,392
290
783
'"37i
6
36
63
"'67
"'65
228
28
5
102
1,434
406
800
49
125
747
136
428
147
204
182
143
227
555
1,514
32
748
634
1,537
1,115
1,246
91
573
1,399
165
294
166
281
347
276
863
458
1,585
382
1,046
'"8
""7
'"i
71
1,253
500
870
"126
1,313
154
542
1,347|
1,286
1,175
' '557
661
132
10
374
298
'"is
64
""34
'"si
91
22
'"89
122
'"642
'"252
391
519
552
'"77
12
'"7
74
31
28
61
5
150
711
452
1,637
29
340
265
260
'"96
164
7
17
'"i
48
14
"299
162
154
210
• 78
210
517
1,079
109
810
86
175
337
178
727
360
680
440
774
'"22
84
12
227
t
93
134
' i',220
615
5
366
37
392
830
321
862
464
300
82
465
253
710
1,820
227
304
391
204
439
618
758
605
4:%
355
332
1,372
248
682
1,237
239
132
1,609
378
727
446
1,238
532
367
130
369
323
898
1,503
639
322
403
303
416
528
6-2(5
488
315
546
533
1,309
191
480
1,161
344
188
1,636
547
392
1,088
873
357
746
386
427
2
244
66
310
221
641
1,657
182
237
255
165
458
493
586
397
410
304
355
1,443
196
505
846
219
81
1,411
479
689
620
611
229
315
109
251
328
974
1,496
722
263
254
398
493
668
477
378
321
740
661
1,421
204
383
1,169
477
120
1,456
142
162
131
126
'"48
'"6
12
6
740
281
1,080
676
241
85
260
250
632
1,704
174
209
541
267
1.638
597
230
78
167
377
812
1,186
573
183
248
224
'"94
269
959
142
"m
"425
'"71
103
120
582
240
149
"sis
486
682
238
"123
"427
"'k
119
266
1,720
iS5
4
4
5
96
162
15
41
7
«S
40
92
'"9
158
'"294
252
59
34
25
1,016
94
1
90
"'IS
139
' ' '4i.3
368
44
"'159
41
74
22
'"l2
"'39
472 427
346 271
683 531
434 374
315 193
370 563
311 1 520
1,533 1,293
95
55
22
'"ii
491
744
174
266
767
331
"231
85
"366
127
1,149
1,037
33i 366
* New County.
696
TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
ILLINOIS. — Continued.
[18U9.
a
e
&
70
77
78
79
80
81
82
8.'5
81
85
8<>
87
88
89
90
91
9-2
93
9-1
95
%
97
98
99
100
101
102
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.*
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dens.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClell'n
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Douglas,
Dem.
Fremont,
Rep.
Buchan'n
Fillmore,
214
166
115
546
440
276
973
229
1,612
570
536
451
152
50
757
246
194
485
307
283
402
845
210
10
188
61
189
Pope
1.151
534
765
1.943
1,337
2,8:35
4,814
1,042
4,411
1,311
1,135
1,853
1,394
3,233
2,728
956
3,285
764
2,808
1,861
1,525
1,076
3,569
4,222
1,416
4,567
1,862
593
645
487
1,897
1,355
1.913
3,269
1,143
4,875
1,756
1,127
2,977
705
2,389
2,735
1,796
2,054
831
1,918
1,283
1,581
1,752
1,444
3,134
1,3:38
951
2,246
1,089
601
711
1,520
889
2,091
4,207
765
3,565
1,106
873
1,168
1,174
2,598
2,147
709
2,54(5
516
2.306
1,244
937
774
2.905
3,343
85!)
3,969
1,270
339
534
428
1,727
987
1,542
2,726
818J
3,945|
1,691
910
2,297
613
1,928
2,307
1,315
1,639
679
1,714
1,207
1.147
1,336
1,033
2,7i'2
1,121
705
1,685
127
220
751
1.382
777
2,088
3.682
100
3,556
956
832
971
1.164
2,670
2,348
157
2,251
597
2,208
793
620
756
2,713
3,219
173
3.9S4
1,238
1,202
56!)!
366
1,815
1,022
1,478.
3.014
1,338!
3,598
1,559
1,131
2,088
659
1,787:
2,168
996
1,577
710
1,672
1,565
1,645
1,544
1,110
2,515
1,835
817
1,419
11
21
532
709
3!)
1,439
1,996
4
1,174
388
183
152
718
1,907
1,028
46
1,506
122
1,282
244
129
27
1,902
2,393
10
3,63(5
596
855
473
307
1,222
786
1,114
1,728
1,004
2.475
1,369
843
1,414
353
1,308
1,313
1,283
1,111
481
1,117
1,132
1,218
1.062
613
1,575
1,419
457
747
Pulaski
Putnam
Randolph
Richland
Rock Island
St. Clair
Saline
Sangamon
Schuyler . ....
Scott...
Shelby
Stark
Stevenson
Tazewell
Union
Vermillion
Wabash
Warren
Washington
Wayne
White ..
Whitesides
Will
Williamson
Winnebago
Woodford
Total
250,293
51,150
199,143
449,436
189.496
30,766
158,730
348,226
172.161 160,215 96,189
4,6291
1332.376 !
105,348
9,159
37,444
238,981
Majority ,
Aggregate
* Bell, American, had 4,913, and Breckiuridge, Democrat, had 2,404 votes.
CONNECTICUT.
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClel'n,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Douglas
Dem.
Bell,
Am.
Breck.,
Dem.
Fremont,
Rep.
Buch'n,
Dem.
Fillmow
Am.
928
309
150
183
604
350
35
56
Fail-field
Hartford
Litchfield
Middlesex
New Haven
New London . . .
Tollancl
Windham*
8,614
9,931
5.1:30
3^73
10,722
6,336
2.622
4,167
8,235
9,924
4,985
2,973
12,192
5,299
2.009
2,335
7,368
8,699
4.997
3J13
| 8,761
5,662
2,430
3,668
7,193
8,680
4,423
3.107
9,638
4,919
2.152
2,173
7,025
8,519
5,118
2.883
8.667
5,470
2,494
3,616
3,177
3,145
1,739
1,180
2,940
2,598
1,139
1,456
2,055
302
"iio
575
211
18
20
3,835
3,291
1,672
1,335
4,380
1,199
478
303
6,2:33
8,416
5,481
2,887
7,976
5,402
2,407
3,913
5.539
7,037
3,986
2,964
7.315
3,953
1,953
2,248
Total
Majority
Aggregate
50,995
| 3,043
47,952
98,947
44.691
2,406
42,285
86.976
43.792
,26,418
17,374
3,291
16,493
80,950
42,715
7,720
34,995
2,615
80,325
* Including 216 votes cast in Brooklyn for Grant, and 107 for Seymour, which were not re
ceived in time for the State canvass.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
ILLINOIS. — Continued.
697
6
O
o
|
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Hale,
Free Soil.
Taylor.
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Birney,
Abolition.
Har'is'n
Whig.
V Buren
Dem.
Har'ia'n
Whig.
V Buren
Dem.
76
77
78
79
80
81
8-2
«3
8-1
85
m
87
88
89
90
91
9-2
98
94
95
9<>
97
98
99
100
101
102
320
112
300
575
174
764
998
209
2.125
844
730
446
336
976
1,369
169
997
469
806
251
359
749
554
1,851
344
1,028
339
439
246
248
814
109
686
2,571
633
1,606
980
708
958
350
1,061
869
830
761
355
781
763
757
782
518
1,450
799
820
635
224
84
266
580
321
583
1,109
122
1,943
807
798
337
214
730
1,097
108
942
456
537
204
318
674
391
713
211
866
186
234
141
185
689
281
431
2,023
312
1,88(5
804
649
658
174
763
593
503
758
303
529
577
479
513
235
897
575
240
309
'"299
300
"'96
63
201 348
90 208
237i 228
713! 771
289 i 322
466 | 397
1,042 1,945
*
391
*
268
54
107
230
220
""96
'"22
16
3
140
114
259
715
#
151
817
415
408
263
411
'"7
426
989
#
224
1,783
"355
"551
47
34
15
1
84
111
96
6
68
14
140
27
1
18
279
540
'"807
52
1,837
610
670
315
187
483
1,011
94
869
479
500
254
265
736
384
509
179
546
159
1,371
743
610
683
206
465
628
617
768
315
503
565
637
748
289
810
766
368
322
'"7
'"83
24
83
'"28
2
1
2,000
732
685
408
187
371
1,181
78
1,044
509
711
149
205
770
375
753
103
789
*
1,249
611
575
751
154
241
661
636
587
254
524
493
500
639
236
1,367
578
321
1,464
384
803
490
58
"310
9
560
280
1333
"336
221
465
102
82
170
80
1
86
153
.
'"isi
320
"'725
49
15
31
274
"ise
123
221
357
"306
47
209
179
152
8
70
88
64,934
80,597
15,663
9,966
155,497
53,047
56.300
3,253
15,774
125,121
45,528
57,920
12,392
3,570
107,018
45,537
47,476
1,939
93,013
14,292
17,275
2.983
31,567
* New County.
CONNECTICUT.
1852.
1848.
1844.
18
4O.
18
36.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Hale,
Free Soil
Taylor,
Whig.
Cais,
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Birney,
Abolition
Harrison
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison
Whig.
V Buren.
Dem.
4,814
6.329
3,946
2,065
6,046
3,361
1.703
2,095
5,155
6,639
4,082
2,734
6,097
4,079
2,015
2,448
167
461
413
238
424
637
202
618
5,036
6,000
3,918
2,136
5,273
4,020
1,665
2,266
4,064
5,345
3,674
2,152
4,516
3,421
1.612
2,262
462
810
800
361
806
776
191
799
5,368
6,259
4,668
2,324
5,546
4.081
1.9(54
2,620
4,599
5,624
4,335
2,345
4,726
3,709
1,950
2,544
142
287
368|
130
229
304
120
363
4,871
6,216
4,542
2,276
5,100
3.815
1,991
2,790
3,862
4,496
3,806
2,275
4,012
3,148
1,509
2,188
2,317
3,976
3,035
1.187
3,494
1,880
1,191
1,669
2,711
3.768
2,957
1,618
3,420
2,059
1,190
1,568
30,359
33.249
2,890
3,160
66,768
i 30.314
! 3,268
27,046
5,005
62.365
32,832
0
29,832
1,943!
64.6071
31,601
6,305
25,296
56,897
18,749
19,291
542
38,040
698
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
OHIO.
[1869.
a
=0
i
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
|
| Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McCl'an,
Dem.
Lincoln, ! Douglas,
Rep. j Dem,
Bell,
Union.
Breok.,
Dem.
Fremont,
Rep.
Bucha'n.
Fillmors
Am.
i
Adams . . .
2,044
2,247
1,462 1,668
1,667 i 2,010
131
39
1,407
1.790
278
2
Allen
1.892
i 2,597
1,467
2.000
1,796 1,882
21
29
1,415
1,508
94
3
Ashland. . .
2,205
2,504
1,832
2,203
2,166' 1,720
34
496
1,912
2,089
39
4
Ashtabula.
6,108
1,400
5,1349
1,015
5,566 1 860
77
342
5,108
975
252
5
Athens...
2.908
1,592
2,474
1,246
2,5261 1,491
36
43
2,299
1,350
154
6 Auglaize . .
1,266
1 2,754
850
2,250
1,088
1,830
22
69
912
1,604
88
7 Belmont . .
3,893
; 3,862
2,855
3,354
2,675
1,450
1,111
1,289
1,817
2,810
1,753
8 Brown
2,715
3,238
2,234
2,734
2,105
3,006
238
91
1,785
2.700
428
9lButler
3,208
4,945
2,867
4,170
2,8671 4,109
184
156
2,301
3,509
296
10 Carroll
1,807
1,289
1,559
1,203
1,767! 1,043
28
143
1,750
1,255
87
11
Champaign.
2,954
2,138
2,514
1,723
2,3251 1,810
264
62
1.995
1,711
320
12 Clark".."..
3,928
2,198
3,122
1,641
3,017 1,730
165
104
2,641
1.539
168
13 Clermont. ..
3,475
3,594
2,888
3,142
2,965 3,206
209
57
2,188 2^41
781
14
Clinton ....
2,922
1,579
2,297
1,281
2,483
1,464
70
15
2,1171 1,170
240
15
Columbiana
4,881
2,988
3,817
2,446
3,864 2,130
96
306
3,516
2,497
96
IB
Coshocton .
2,176
2,622
1,763
2,344
2,100 j 2,099
2 217
2,162
2,281
56
17
Crawford...
2,019
3,607
1,681
3,034
2,064 2,752
18 117
1,685
2,154
32
18 Cuyahoga . .
12,582
7,993
8,829 5,662
8,686 1 4,814
75 333
6,360 4;446
296
19
Darke
2,989
3,145
2,125 2,580
2,460 2^479
42
16
2,086
1,988
209
20
Defiance ..
1,108
1,899.
859 1,480
1,0:38 1,304
8
14
821
895
38
21! Delaware ..
2,976
2,169:
2,464
1,835
2,699 1,967
28
46
2,367
1,649
230
22'Erie
3,130
1,884:
2,557
1,700
2,886! 1,538
28| 88
2,258
1,377
To
23 ^ Fairfteld ...
2,439
4,076
2,00b
3,374
2,178 3,249
155 i 201
1,700
3,233
711
24 Fayette ....
1,970
1,370
1,527
1,194
1,458! 1,121
257
46
1,209
880
373
25 Franklin ...
5,079
7,119|
4,232
5,445
4,295
4,846
119
78
3,488
3,791
574
26! Fulton
2,171
1,150
1,627
929
1,629
984
3
26
1,098
772
64
27Gallia
2,678
1,620
2,211
1,024
1,881
1,472
190
37
610
1,341
1,206
28,Geauga
2,892
640
2,672
475
2,877
677
17
33
2,694
575
58
29 Greene
4,233
1,829
3,438
1,473
3,260 1,751
124
35
3,032
1,465
214
30! Guernsey ..
31 ! Hamilton...
2,743
24,167
1,949
18,768
2,226
19,840
1,870
15,669
2,510 1,933
16,182 15,431
55
3,685
34
366
2,392
9,345
1,932
13,051
210
5,680
32 Hancock ...
2,279
2,528
1,743
2,132
2,135 2,301
16
24
1,773
1,944
37
33Hardin
1,884
1,766
1,221
1,259
1,432
1,198
54
32
1091
882
82
34 [Harrison ...
2,267
1,620
1,927
1,502
2,175
759
45
637
2,060
1,473
110
35 Henry
1,117
1,464
676
1,175
808
1,039
3
8
587
&55
22
36 Highland...
3,038
2,850
2,530
2,430
2,409
2,272
475
157
1,810
2,140
894
37
Hocking . . .
1,369
2,111
1,064
1,779
1,329
1784
12
7
1,092
1,454
115
88
Holmes
1,083
2,859
914
2,630
1,392
2,281
3
45
1,285
2,103
5
,-5!)
Huron
4,019
2,243
3,847
2,027
4,107
2,083
37
52
3,468
1,709
54
40
Jackson
2,083
1,612!
1,368
1,214
1,738
1436
80
15
938
1,383
416
41
Jefferson . . .
3,394
2,117!
3,015
1,662
2,682
1,168
79
703
2,424
1,991
259
42
Knox
2908
2,766
2525
2 444
2,860
2 060
98
524
2 7'35
2 4Vt
124
43 Lake
2^909
889
2^476
532
2'521
'622
13
87
~, IpU
2,371
At^O 1
628
39
44 Lawrence ..
3,159
1,647
2,283
9&3
1,801
1,147
198
76
743
1,150
902
45 Licking ....
3,487
4,432
2,900
3,705
3,502
3,154
151
634
3,027
3,371
417
46 Logan
2,778
1,770
2,229
1,555
2,415
1,542
100
17
2,093
1,328
267
47|Loraine
4,443
1,930
3,971
1,553
4,045
1766
47
168
3,604
1,420
54
4S!Lucas
4,873
3,087
3,109
1,951
2,889
1,820
121
79
1,639
1,866
486
49l Madison....
1,682
1,550
1,465
1,098
1,417
1,016
171
68;
997
656
475
50
Mahoning . .
3,387
2,757
2,667
2,385
2,907
1,990
26
132
2,323
1,937
29
51
Marion
1,548
1,936
1,243
1,628
1,595
1.640
4
18
1,867
1,275
4
52
Medina ..
2,886
1,693
2,616
1,479
3,068
1,765
5
58:
2,635
1,572
28
53 Meigs
3548
2,027
2,886
1 406
2,689
1 699
215
7
1 998
1,603
344
54 Mercer
'884
3,394
599
1^816
832
1,606
2
6
'629
1J59
114
55 Miami
3,958
2,659
3,228
2,273
3,431
2,337
39
39
3,171
1,988
159
56: Monroe
1,443
8,397
1,080
3,050
1,885
3,147
142
47 j
1,016
2,812
413
57:Montgom'y.
6,502
6,113
4896
5,112
4,974
4710
179
72
4,038
4.2S5
391
58 Morgan
2,521
1,895
2,172
1,656
2,445
1,757
20
65|
2,125
1,669
201
59. Morrow
2,469;
1,870
1,977
1,589
2,260
1,928
22
38!
2,031
1,667
101
GOiMuskingum
4,671 !
4,534
3,725
3,739
4,004
3,550
396
1571
3,172
3,391
1,092
61'Noble
2,204
1,715|
1,811
1,652
1,944
1,647
52
91
1,603
1,337
154
62 Ottawa
963
1,304
635
773
571
692
1
23
454
477
1
es'Paulding...
834 1
623
627
329
554
391
9
497
170
5
64 Perry
1,735
1.986
1,481
1,797
1,605
1,950
"iii
23
1,385
1,847
492
65 Pickaway . .
2,176
2,725|
1,801 2.363
2,002
2,425
211
50
1,724
2,066
382
66;Pike
1,155;
1,7271
679 1,431
958
1.397! 127 i 10
523
1,175
375
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
699
OHIO.
1
i
. 1852.
1848.
1844.*
1840.* 1836.
8\
1
0 ' Scott,
Pierce, Hale,
T»ylor,
Cass,
V Buren, 1
Clay,
Polk,
Harrison, V Buren, ' Harrison, V Buren,
6 Whig. Dem. Free Soil.
£•
Whig.
Dem.
Free Soil.
Whig.
Dem.
Whig. Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
1 1,213 1 1,736 i 233
1,259
1,690
196
1,252
1,611
1,205 1,431
786 1,060
Si 9581 1,536
23
728
1,070
2
779
1,062
763 883;
494
453
3; 1,368 j 2.434
297
1,341
2,519
275
t
4 2.174
1,075
2,502
1,124
878
2,4(57
3,388
1,123
3,738: 896
2,792
805
51 1,751
1,383
364
1,846
1.509
320
2,050
1,425
2,094 1,823
1,098 957
6 588
1,480
24
457
1,039
14!
t
7j 2,786
2,694
454
2,723
2,892
543
3,140
2,821
3,166 2,602
2,666 2,358
8! 1,702
2,460
393
1,771
2,557
403
1,798
2,342
1,798 1,939
1,2231 1,675
9| 2,210
3,579
122
1,959
3,536
381
2,158 3,546
2,101 3,192'
1,487| 3,004
10 1,543
1,355
242
1,453
1,395
345
1,701 1,584
1,677 l,545i
l,2asi 1,187
111 1.994
1,687
20G
1,878
1,508
3:30;
2,069
1,409
2,062' 1,2071
1,641
907
12' 2,662
1,374
183
2'506
1,375
208
2,477
1,155
2,381! 895
1,964
731
13 2,213
2,765
409
2,204
2,833
404
2,189
2,627
2,044! 2,315
1,467 2,029
14 1,424
1,068
702
1,288
1,122
735
1,736
1,137
1,847 1,006
1,448] 807
15 2,237
2,911
993
1,850
2,732
865
3,416
3,743
3,600 3,650
2,656' 2.992
16! 1,798
2,618
73
1,814
2,422
137!
1,885
2,281
1,830 2,009
1,086 1,513
17; 1,074
2,106
58
952
1,678
90'
1,197
1,734
1,009 1,206
714 733
18 2.944
3,571
2,107
1,776
2,368
2,594!
3,331
2,388
3,102
1,814
2,529
1,694
19! 1,719
1,797
92
1,508
1,554
81 1
1,4081 1,409
1,303
1,071
656
668
20' 554
896
43
384
567
23
t.
21 2.083
1.591
391
1,866
1,574
268
2,548
2,017
2,360
1,644
1,550
1,254
22! 1,589
1,404
275
1,409
999
681
1,458 1,261
1,324
1,042
t
23 2,117
3.311
10
2,438
3,515
42;
2,542! 3,637
2,463
3.318
1,846
' 2,906
24 1,221
893
166
1,157
946
128
1,229 878
1,132
771
828
774
25 3,498
3,652
242
3,199
3,029
284
2,965 2,498
2,886
1,774
2,166
1,375
26 587
727
71
f
27 1,567
1,103
135
1,630
' l',08i
95
1,484
957
1.479
725
873
490
28 1,147
6(54
1,489
872
922
1,373;
2,274 1,101
2.310
921
3,219
1,465
29 1 2,430
1.490
500
2,035
1,256
6441
2,422 1,380
2,321
1,172
1,908
903
30i 1,941
1,809
504
2,375
2,504
489!
2,746! 2,628
2,606
2.186
2,074 1,652
81 i 9,252
13,435
684
9,018
10,834
1,986|
7,201 i 8.983
5,873
5.835
4,032
4,871
32 1,076
1,617
35
1,016
1,501
22'
907! 1,247
693
1,063
464
701
33 882
847
74
596
605
51 1
510
495
431
376
274| 196
341 1,723
1,462
422
1,564
1,658
543
2.039
1,750
2,008
1,739
1,584| 1,638
35! 325
536
14
217
297
17
229: 245
191
181
94 87
36j 1,982
2,290
281
2,114
2,224
342!
2,148 i 2,164
2.145
1,899
l,492l 1,476
37! 865
1,552
21
856
1,319
23
719! 1,089
649
903
292
536
38 1,066
2,100
42
1,118
2,224
45
1.1421 2,317
1.109
1,906
594
1.137
39 1 2,242
1,819
893
1,950
1,769
876
2,564
2,136
2,291
1,581
2,798
2,143
40 1,069
1093
19
987
1,108
50
908 1,046
794
785
454
475
41 ! 1,995
2,169
343
2,147
2,231
455
2,385 1 2,354
2,300
2,218
1,552
1,992
42! 1,874
2,692
626
1,910
2,890
539
2,746 3,324
2,4-: 1
2,78!)
i,ao
2,174
431 1,046! 670
1,111
777
716
904
1,818 901
1,887
653
t
44' 1,299| 981
15
1,164
745
53
1,140 658
1,118
453
433 378
451 2.779 3,569
582
3,030
3,468
561
3,500
3,840
3,357
3,516
2,306J 2,859
46 i 2.118 1.361
191
1,652
1,147
275
1,625
1,015
1,574
845
1,888! 622
47 1,832: i;554
1,777
647
1,473
1,616
1,956
1,793
1,868
1,318
1,460! 1,410
48! 1.238! 1.271
129
1,298
1,197
327
1,167
881
931
526
630 i 396
49 ! 1,400
655
61
1,329
712
80
1,269
643
1,201
571
973, 574
50! 955
1,873
1,033
720
1 953
1 042
f
51 i 914
1,270
79
1,001
1,193
55
V.425! T,4SO
1,358
1,128
T,6i6 '"844
52 1,579
1,754
1,008
1,140
i.ase
1,098
2,045 i 1,920
1,793 1,436
1,858 1,094
53i 1,573) 1,399
297
1,327
1,014
305
1.341 880
1.284
649
724 446
54! 500
881
11
360
641
16
423 812! 551 1,348
245 315
55; 2,754
2,004
235
2,542
1,822
272
2,572 1,657:1 2.469 1,339
1,787! 1,050
56 997
2,422
180
999
2,574
330
1,210 2.548
1,0(58
2,075
492| 1,182
57! 3,886
3,744
177
3,561
3,330
304
3,388! 3.101
3,427
2.951
2,554! 2,310
58! 2,084
1,708
220
2,320
2.448
314
2,051
2,077
1,851
1,910
1,107! 1,262
59 1 1,030
1,710
748
1,166
1,884
407
t
60: 4,228
3,500
214
4,428
3,380
228
4,489
3,196
4,367
2,772
3,321
2,069
61 885
1 487
435
f
62 274
400
2
190
231
45
241 233
232
163
t...
63 121
342
5
70
198
63! 192
65
155
179 238
64 1,417
2,246
17
1,488 2.192
""i9<
1.527 2,273
l,47li 2,097
1,071 1,501
65 1 2,175
2,041
35
2,115i 1,960
24
2,219 2,012
2,201 ! 1,187
1,508 1,591
66 927 1.099 16 843 909
33 800' 836 650 647l 422 491
* In 1840, Birney, Abolition, received 903, and in 1844, 8,050 votes. t New Counties.
700
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
OHIO. — Continued.
[1869.
6
1868.
1864.
1860.
1856.
COUNTIES.
1
°
Grant,
Seymour,
Lincoln
McClel'n
Lincoln,
Dougla.,
Bell,
Breck.,
Fremont, Buchan'n Fillmor*
i
Rep.
Dem.
R«p.
Dem.
Rep.
Dem.
Union.
Dem.
Rep.
Dem.
Am.
67
Portage . . .
3.604
2,362!
3,152 1,882
3,065
1,970
7
117
2,983
2,072
6
68Preble
2,738
l,908i
2,434 1,6(57
2,596
1,733
32
21
2,249
1,561
273
69 Putnam ....
1,184
2.003:
897
1,630
1,010
1,478
4
3
790
1,116
4
70 Richland ...
3,300
3,754
2,674
3,262|
3,023
3,135
77
115
2.726
2,909
53
71|Ross
3,230
3,645
2,773
3,010!
3,043
2,806
305
272
2,436
2,681
589
72 Sandusky ..
73 Scioto
2,443
2,904
2,846!
2,192|
1,876
2,133
2,270j
i,s>4
1,938
2,186
2,319
1,750
10
352
13
40
1,548
546
1,599
634
45
1,321
74 Seneca . . .
2,977
3,540
2,550
3,160
3,052
3,175
43
70
2,565
2,605
103
75 Shelby
1.62(5
2,274!
1,308
1,955:
1,597
1,669
24
17
1,856
1,446
127
76 Stark
6,601
4.948J
4,026
4,220
4,064
2,820
13
774
3,770
3,633
29
77 Summit
4,634
2,444
3,602
1,765
3,607
1,785
11
97
3,185
1,746
74
78^Trumbull ..
5,338
2,313!
4,474
1,854
4,349
1,672
17
245;
4,049
1,920
18
79;Tuscarawas
3,145
3«432
2,547
2,990
3,136
2,846
8
74
3,007
2,656
18
80 Union
2,361
1,454
1,837
1,185
1,792
1,145
153
136
1,431
1,055
263
81 i Van Wert..
1,547
1,431
964
1,107
1,015
959
4
15
758
789
32
82Vinton
1,499
1,554
928
1,272
1,246
1,231
23
23
932
1,174
51
83 Warren ....
3,917
1,875
3,419
1,543
3,316
2,011
122
21
2,688
1,776
344
84 1 Washington
4,258
3.597
3,352
2,943
3,169
3,060
175
13
2,783
2.251
281
85| Wayne . ..
86; Williams...
3,557
2,280
3,816.
2,836
1,704
3,267
1,392
3,204
1,713
3,250
1,180
6
29
115
94
2,904
1,327
• 2,918
1,022
47
49
87iWood
2,957
l',891
2,131
1,414
2,011
1,330
5
14
1,319
935
143
88 Wyandot...
1,73-1
2,190
1,361
1,757
1,567
1,670
27
20
1,247
1,278
108
Army Vote .
41,146
9,757
Total ....
280,128238,700
265,154
205,568 231,610
187,232! 12,194
11,405
187,497
170,874 28,126
Majority. .
41,428
59,586
!| 44,378
16,623
Aggregate;
1518,828
470, 722 i|
442,441
386,497
INDIANA.
Adams
Allen
3 Bartholomew . .
_ Benton
5 Blackford
Boone
Brown
8 Carroll
9 Cass
10 Clark . .
Clay
12 Clinton
13 (Crawford
lilDaviess . ..
15
Dearborn
16 Decatur . .
17 DeKalb..
18! Delaware
Dubois..
Elkhart .
Fayette
Floyd
Fountain. ..
2-2
23
24 1 Franklin ...
25jFulton
86 Gibson
27 Grant
28|Greene
29 1 Hamilton ..
1868.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymou
Dem.
687
3,047
2,010
442
544
2,550
458
1,794
2,376
1,870
1,708
1,794
970
1,682
2,255
2,262
1,750
2.699
510
2,962
1,475
1,537
1,795
1,603
1,245
1,941
2,086
1,802
1,393
5,604
2,510
421
673!
2,324
1,080:
1,812:
2,673
3,082;
1,856
1,764
982f
1,732
2,924
1,892
1,788
1^986
2,706!
1,181
2,716
2,059
2,796
1,419!
1,824'
1,600;
1,693'
1,278.
1864.
Rep.
485
2,244
1,645
380
355
2,124
288
1,431
1,836
1,683
1,088
1,413
706
1,227
2,117
2,172
1,484
2,405
296
2,253
1,318
1,457
1,562
1,399
987
1,297
1,547
1,212,
3,225 1
1,156
4,932
2,051
272
475
1,651
821
1,583
2,087
1,986
1,407
1,501
709
1,299
2,420
1,559
1,472
588
1,454
2,000
860
2,055
1,818
2,316
1.099
1,516
1,238
1,515
1,093
I860.
Rep.
Fusion,
2,252
1,769'
375
275
1,699
301
1,590
1,874
1,369
889
1,454
788
931
2,127
2,028
1,500
1,933
301
2,471
1,343
1,151
1,656
1,695
1,019!
1,298
1,668,
1,420
2,195 !
1,946
249
457
1,637
766
1,465
1,891
2,403
1,414
1,504
894
1,411
2,593
1,659
1,365
1.137
1,369
1.966
965
2,304
1,635
2.330
1,019
1,686
1,302
1,540
1856.
Fremont, 'Buchan'
Rep. Dem.
413
1,593
1,292
315
238;
l,299i
148
1,261
1,504
492!
365
1,261
24
26
1,573!
1,718;
1,097:
1,736|
21
1,971
1,189:
228'
1,606
1,437
822:
365
1,395
379
1,748!
847
3,211
1,844
217
404
1,493
681
1,344
1.539
1,950
1,108
1,364
735
1,115
2,619
1.639
1,247
992
1,191
1,651
1,002
1,767
1,588
2,259
835
1,286
1,035
1,129
1,185
Fillmore,
Am.
69
145
142
8
47
81
40
1,074
296
34
509
939
297
61
75
32
236
18
40
1,262
36
41
9
766
99
533
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
OHIO. — Continued.
701
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
"Whig.
Fierce,
Dem.
Hale,
Free Soil.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass.
Dem.
V Buren,
Free Soil.
Clay.
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
1,351
2.253
461
2,133
3,091
1,064
1,804
1,972
1,147
2,740
2,336
1,968
2,659
1,249
422
774
2,823
2,473
2,288
546
831
990
2,007
1,633
890
3,234
2,465
1,619
1,424
2,809
1,309
3,634
1,965
2.039
2,685
943
737
912
1.919
2,139
3,143
832
986
1,290
1,296
197
61
209
179
88
29
118
54
356
660;
1,739,
112
255
6,
95
223
332
149,
i6o;
20
9
1,270
2,106
402
2,087
3,394
928
1,838
1,536
1,021
2,382
1,892
1,364
2,662
1,030
223
*
2,149
1,519
634
3,177
2,306
1,148
1,268
2,326
1.129
3,495
1,815
1,951
2,553
797
881
1,127
314
3
188
174
124
13
483
49
570
1,058
2,075
164
173
2,510
2,262
451
3,443
3,321
997
1,519
1,727
1,026
2,952
2,841
3,837
2,696
1,009
158
2,247
1,526
697
5,574
2,380
1,214
1,095
2,316
1,014
3,575
2,056
3,544
2,358
710
270
2,524
2,299
401
3,331
3,081
919
1,472
i,4&s
955
2,701
2,562
4,101
2,338
946
1,963
1,331
582
4,539
2,071
917
749
1,616
1,027
3,106
1,646
3,325
1,787
577
3,302
1,777
179
2,246
2,515
642
1,049
948
654
1,945
*
2,683
978
238
3,283
1,905
799
568
1,129
533
2,417
3,386
1,459
648
*
2,892
1,370
493
2.526
2i079
2,284
328
647
951
1.861
1,930
3,380
510
636
1,059
402
462
190
154
29
46
2,822
2,194
2,759
583
576
*
1,795
1,686
3,765
673
570
2,813
2,109
2,798
396
548
1,504
1,458
3,321
407
518
2,260
1,070
1,630
176
490
1,326
906
2,696
198
275
152,526
169,220
16,694
31,682
353,428
138,360
154,775
16,415
35,354
328,489
155,057
5,940
149,117
804,174
148,157
23,375
124,782
272,939
105,405
8,457
96;948
202,353
*New Counties.
INDIANA.
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Pierce,
Hale,
Taylor,
Cas.x,
V Buren
Clay,
Polk,
Birney,
Harrison,
V Buren,
Har'ls'n
V Buren
Whig.
Dem.
F. Soil.
Whig.
Dem.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
AbolH'n
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
362
672
14
261
398
1
198
296
193
153
68
28
1,225
1,964
24
991
1,059
13
861
849
640
399
333
266
1,245
1,512
26
1,011
1,167
28
1,035
1,068
'"is
982 703
608
412
110
138
19
60
78
3
40
69
i
26 42
108
263
15
61
231
28
81
395
3
77
147
936
1,161
109
773
916
66
816
871
8
700
686
464
421
102
532
70
503
59
432
50
270
262
302
1,075
1,256
""29
822
1,008
"'76
712
965
""s
699
765
375
565
1,176
1,190
50
881
829
55
768
671
18
649
372
513
286
1,186
1,812
24
1,200
1,510
28
1,132
1,417
1,132
1,278
893
978
474
743
8
500
734
29
429
662
398
487
153
251
929
1,250
75
726
964
87
645
944
'"i2
582
698
331
721
502
499
520
397
462
397
435
281
196
166
726
720
" 6
735
701
'"2
807
764
738
509
438
253
1,474
2,486
89
1,378
1,801
176
1,616
1,971
"'56
1,771
1,683:
1,203
1,282
1,364
1,394
138
1,245
1,096
143
1,275
1,091
68
1,298
759
950
513
391
780
164
347
577
45
269
327
6
177
168
1,083
937
11
822
» 694
58
940
732
3
920
532
"369
"307
229
717
258
579
1
229
501
264
239
168
127
1,068
1,343
'"28
756
1,050
142
758
964
'"i
640
596j
354
303
1,019
872
80
1,040
765
86
1,051
908
17
1,090
728
965
545
1,328
1,815
1
1,018
1,154
17
956
981
869
796
574
499
1,028
1,496
64
900
1,343
138
947
1,387
9:38
1,166
697
948
1,473
1,956
30
1,411
1,695
51
1,325
1,583
'"s
1,188
1,115
963
875
559
581
6
423
404
39
344
308
6
241
108
55
39
942
1.127
20
860
802
15
796
810
8
788
594
496
425
599
836
345
325
623
359
a53
423
197
470
364
238
130
884
944
4
918
921
6
762
909
.704
634
366
33'J
971
981
401
809
805
317
859
766
"139
972
688
569
262
702
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
INDIANA. — Continued.
5
o
&
COUNTIES.
1868
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
^
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClel'n,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Fusion.
Dem.
Fremont,
Rep.
lluchan'u
Dem.
FUlmore,
Am.
a)
ft
3-2
as
31
35
30
37
38
3'.)
4!)
41
4-2
43
11
45
40
47
48
4!)
51)
51
5-2
53
51
55
5ti
57
5S
5!)
(i()
(il
0-2
(i3
(il
05
(iO
07
C,8
0!)
70
71
72
73
74
75
7(5
77
78
7!)
80
81
8-2
83
81
85
SO
87
98
8!)
'.«)
»1
02
Hancock
1,414
1,7:35
2,973
3,436
2,017
2,075
1,430
756
1,551
2,869
r,888
1,696
I,a53
2,861
1,945
1,539
3,664
1,781
1,966
7,008
1,921
894
2,193
1,496
2,628
2,047
608
2,421
586
1,264
1.383
2,362
1,375
1.406
1,892
1,938
642
2,145
3,103
2.099
2,115
693
2,069
1,932
312
1,831
3,075
1,294
1,466
3,925
1,682
2,210
1,462
1,412
1,131
1.984
2,337
393
1,444
2,287
1,449
2,149
2,417
2,119
1076
759
8,876
1,469;
2,744
5,539i
2,3811
1.202
2,271
1,369
2,656
1,460
412
2,090
465
1,370
1,896'
1,349,
1,444
1,369|
1,264
2,054
928
2,393
1,415!
2,042|
1,933
912|
2,592
1,850!
353;
830i
2,249;
2,457
1,209
3,174
1.2(581
658
3,148
806
3,085!
1,547;
842'
1,8(53.
2,038'
8,480
1,415
1,1 0
1,622
1,369
1,329
2,622
3,027
CTSS
1,597
1.187
. 585
1,103
2^58
1,817
1,532
1,348
2,188
1,583
1,275
2,766
1,421
1,535
10,952
1,206
576
1,831
1,202
2,228
1,793
350
1,992
592
804
1,053
2,121
1,112
920
1,469
1,357
488
1,968
2,371
1,826
1,881
586
1,837
1,558
217
1.642
2,188
795
1,440
3,489
731
832
2,734
1,044
2,887
2,461
1,373
1.247
1,242
4,238
846
940
1,062
1,337
1,780
832
1,057
932
1,685
1,795
286
1,143
1,777
1,079
1,715
1,817
1,808
796
461
2,145
1,085
2,057
3.486
1,589
817
1,717
1,210
2,260
1,283
274
1,550
881
1,020
1,525
1,236
l,042l
971
936
l.~)S5\
718:
2,155!
1,163
1,750
1,680
742
2,223
1,427
247
(510
1,658
2,059
855
2,775
1,019
592i
2,114|
752
2,167
1,229
761
1,441|
1,799|
1,5291
1,285
899
1,327
1,201
1,593
2,050
2,926
1,589
1,582
1,185
634
1,135
2,661
1,649
1,303
1,570
2,290
1,695
1,225
3,167
1,158
1,709
5^024
1,426
516
1,835
1,198
2,367
1,755
305
1,742
301
849
1,140
1,898
1,026
894
1,529
1,055
571
1,888
2,298
1,988
1,757
660
1,900
1,296
190
1,560
2,363
856
734
3,480
780
849
1,875
1,090
2,429
2,287
1,412
745
1,378
4,234
909
993
1,133
1,399
1,901
1,368
1,312
925
1,468
1,893
302
1,095
1,860
1,198
1,788
1,747
1,512
775
475
2,009
1,520
1,947
3,732
1,499
888
1,634
1,275
2,325
1,636
234
1,362
712
1,375
1,499
1,469
1,113
979
923
1,819
674
2,231
1,246
1,669
1,639
761
2,115
1,455
247
637
1,517
2,041
1,485
2,427
846
691
2.029
'885
2,382
1,241
817
1,685
2.067
2,0471
1,108
887
1,104
962
873
1,680
2,741
1,057
1,232
299
633
883
2.314
1,293
1,095
557
1,662
1,406
923
2,532
480
1,309
3,696
927
76
1,390
498
1,910
1,573
#
i',257
104
49
487
1,494
96
80
847
306
341
1,345
2,042
1,425
1,644
278
1,510
235
112
1,215
1,812
257
228
2,778
546
763
372
866
1,165
1,785
1,167
107
331
3.688
726
903
797
1,343
1,681
1,378
1,229
686
1,181
1,700
548
880
1,936
1.159
1,608
1,512
1,075
640
346
2.239
1.126
1,603
3,738
1,039
769
1,518
1,191
2,088
1,528
I,i98
505
1,207
1,239
1,283
1,066
772
614
1,819
557
1,882
1,253
1,661
1,685
693
2,075
1,260
155
553
1,509
1,650
1,121
2,307
738
710
1,880
824
1,808
1.090
767
1.506
1,778
1,958
931
746
851
24
fi23
74
49
33
58
516
63
54
425
172
153
535
13
6
3
45
660
54
205
350
38
392
142
68
"'48
375
606
586
192
632
574
10
625
27
423
59
184
83
264
142
808
7
19
6
397
1,040
45
14
19
840
80
883
108
70
480
691
100
16
42
57
Harrison . . .
Hendricks
Henry
Howard
Huntington
Jackson
Jasper . . .
Ja/.
Jefferson
Jennings
Johnson
Knox
Kosciusko
La Grange
Lake
Laporte
Lawrence
Madison
Marion
Marshall
Martin
Miami .
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Newton . . .
Noble...
Ohio
Orange . . .
Owen. ...
Parke
Perry . .
Pike
Porter
Posey
Pulaski
Putnam
Randolph . . '
Ripley
Rush
Scott .
Shelby j
Spencer
Starke '<
Steuben
St. Joseph
Sullivan
Switzerland i
Tippccanoe i
Tipton !
1,020
915
3,395
1,263
3,390
2,940
1,527
1,573
1,650
5,018
1,094
1,173
1,372
Union |
Van de rb u rgh
Vermillion . . .
Vio-o
Wabash
Warren ....
Warrick
Washington . . .
Wayne . . .
Wells
White...
Whitley
Total
Majority
176,552 166,980 150,422
I 9,5721 20,189
343,532 1
130,2331 139,040 ! 133,225
1 5,815
280,65511 |272,265
94,375
118,670
24,295
22,386
235.431
Aggregate
New County.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
INDIANA. — Continued.
703
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Pierce,
Hale,
Taylor,
Cass, V Buren
Clay,
Polk,
Birney,
Harrison, V Buren,
Har'is'n V Buren
Whig.
Dem.
F. Boil.
Whig.
Dem. Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
Abolit'n
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
823
1,002
40
665
806 40
719
736
2
721
537
366
293
1 284
1,9~8
1,277
1 ,047
1
1,252
1,144
1,285
861
747
456
1.252
980
i56
1.158
775
173!
1,262
844
'"26
1,190
652
731
390
1,559
1,220
456
1.215
1,005
455
1,458
1,005
188
1,652
839
1,304
712
539
526
165
*
706
888
88
"457
463
46
277
316
""s
143
177
52
67
614
1,188
632
1,071
7:
662
1,048
1
680
737
439| 307
357
347 33
86
190
128|
128
175
8
73
95
375
50C 135
276
392
142
331
352
32
283
265
2.016
2.263
286
2.075
1,609
167
1,835
1,427
50
1,674
1,026
1,172 679
998
1,104
59
926
784
96
872
669
14
908
503
625| 262
896
1,333 20
676
1,114
46
659
1,150
15
631
948
438 550
1,167
1,003
1,044
741
3
1,079
821
1
1,077
658
736, 437
1,045
938
26
797
676
64
623
553
5
496
329
160 i 149
667
677
117
629
63(5
114
590
457
38
391
225 1
1281 150
236
334
58
138
208
139!
114
206
5
115
125
1,357
1,054
1,468
1,113
136
14
1,027
1,070
877
1,031
226
18
1,009
1,019
831
1,085
1
1,069
989
640
898
' '4;>6
670
"452
815
1,004
1,282
83
824
993
55l
813
a54
20
911
625
486 3(57
2,158
2,599
110
1.877
1,789
109
1,715
1,634
25
1,636
1,279
1,409. 1,043
343
511
56
305
428
91
199! 256
54
154
194
94 42
377
519
342
497
7
76 1 516
311
366
142 19T
994
1,196
76
731
770
70
569
517
. '. '. '. '.
312
244
139 80
622
1,085
87
780
1,084
59
721
1,118
""l2
719
943
262 1 302
1,559
1,85-2
100
1,501
1,547
109
1,450
1,521
8
1,413
1,222
1,06(5
752
1,109
1,181
132
986
1,029
121
1,023
1,078
24
1,012
815
666
543
•"600
'"807
'"79
' ' '497
'"613
53
390
438-
241
228
49
80
432
455
21
439
459
6
193
168
747
1,022
a
760
961
6
707
i,03<;
"'a
708
879
483
564
901
1,060
20
882
953
13
754
88S
i
709
604
427
286
1,312
1,084
105
1,398
1,319
9
1,377
. 1,329
12
1,360
948
828
534
684
659
3
599
335
8
564 '3SI
560
221
392
114
538
688
1
519
510
1
4591 491
474
318
226
218
444
527
88
3-13
401
7
311
305
'"ii
220
194j
87
69
784
1,433
26
763
1,226
19
673
1,151
706
965;
330
751
210
333
1
135
224
1
123
124
i
51
60
1,712
1,466
22
1,647
1,300
10
1,540
1,367
9
1,571
l,049i
1,067
694
900
993
530!
631
787
523
818
809i 266
1,068
553J
6:33
234
1,119
1,386
113
1,114
988
173
1,060
908! 8:)
1,000
623]
663
403
1,507
1,480
119
1,142
1,392
87
1,580
1,362 42
1,526
1,170
1,167
749
518
559
11
488
447
16
481
4411 1
399
461
294
267
1,286
1,627
27
1,121
1,41-1
18
1,107
1.842 7
1,016
1,070
688
675
685
710
1
681
471
586
496
589
324
171
179
66
122
*
487
543
90
315
352
194
328
303
42
238
176
998
1,052
174
817
667
332
863
683
33
809
444
"490
'255
529
1,203
465
1,142
5
464
1,221
1
417
1,014
203
558
1,134
1,147
""i
1,093
1,108
44
961
1,006
8
1,023
735
630
519
1,918
2,446
143
1,269
1,523
405
1,550
1,551
37
1,508
1,200
1,244
1,041
340
461
7
183
235
3
100
119
*
584
626
149
526
637
208
682
672
60
760
614
766
608
945
1,317
6
534
667
22
675
556
1
628
370
269
130
852
783
4
830
763
787
762
847
663
574
439
1,694
1,155
8
1,585
852
""57
1,515
866
1,511
583
963
287
1,145
959
91
847
739
140
601
575 19
307
198
122
47
850
552
56
708
460
68
779
470 ! 10
737
347
541
320
487
1,034
81
457
862
21
394
850
355
662
157! 380
1,093
1,613
11
1,126
1,643
22
1,149
1,660
5
1.138
1,381 1
556; 947
2,304
1,874
786
2,085
1,432
839
2,321
1,436
318
8,889
1,258
2,2S5
985
415
710
23
232
416
18
185
306
3
131
140
510
536
13
206
305
34
259
218
206
144
Iu9
106
497
568
11
318
373
21
222
237
"'2
144
141
80,901
95,340
6,929
69,907
74,745
7,878
67,867
70,131
2,106
65,302 51,701 41.281 32,473
7.510
4.838
2,264
13,601 1: 8,803
lias.170
152.530
140,104
117,003!
73,759
*New Counties.
704
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
WISCONSIN.
[1869.
a
o
i
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
McClellan,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican,
t Douglas,
Democrat.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
K
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
as
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
Adams
Ashland
958
9
320
30
581
14
222
29
844
35
"'873'
459
706
256
152
3,386
828
4,798
4,398
250
70
564
490
4,106
3,579
2,372
1,957
1,909
654
3,077
1,033
326
1,637
1,477
1,736
43
2,041
219
781
4,831
1,229
598
832
627
326
637
199
944
2,634
1,167
5,198
2,309
163
2,731
664
490
1,145
3,910
939
3,020
1,340
1,534
3,225
362
301
32
i',239'
189
605
241
89
1,614
812
4,174
4,456
123
66
341
342
3,001
1,922
1,^34
708
1,581
207
2.794
737
688
920
765
1,898
4
1,947
481
882
6,726
631
286
1,082
1,823
105
411
122
471
1,659
776
1,916
985
114
2,179
597
184
487
1,591
2.747
2,563
575
405
1,859
301
Bad Ax
Brown .
1,806
1,093
985
677
411
3,867
1,104
5,731
3,634
643
73
1,138
1,287
4,734
4,646
2,791
1,803
2,345
1,056
3,195
1,445
645
1,530
2,3*58
• 2,605
' 2,605'
209
667
6,101
1,951
842
1,501
512
544
1,356
322
1,231
3,130
1,619
5,583
3,262
299
3,062
1,237
1,193
2,248
4,184
1,213
2,930
1,994
1,741
4,712
401
2,019
455
1,136
692
137
1,893
1,186
4,880
5,675
165
73
352
707
4,466
2,071
1,294
805
1,951
376
3,747
1,114
851
1,194
1,381
2,640
2,646'
788
920
9,074
1,248
376
1,801
2,059
222
533
144
740
1,924
1,202
2,135
1,366
235
2,457
811
268
621
1,568
3,073
2,971
912
386
2,742
442
730
597
444
205
171
2,652
711
4,018
3,226
256
37
506
515
3,484
3,247
2,017
1,441
1,282
680
2,157
776
157
1,318
1,531
1,471
15
1,179
136
437
3,175
1,160
291
651
243
273
656
176
704
2,034
1,020
4,368
2,076
134
1,958
594
573
1,337
3,455
664
2,010
1,139
1,053
2,926
247
14,550
1,286
284
718
293
48
1,483
786
3,811
4,698
75
67
251
362
3,305
1,561
1,107
508
1,424
207
2,742
687
753
879
904
1,712
22
2,248
527
647
6,875
650
178
989
2,050
119
326
107
311
1,644
652
1,532
986
97
2,185
511
130
451
1,192
2,923
2,196
541
282
1,772
248
3,291
Buffalo
Calumet
Chippevva .
Clark
Columbia
Crawford . .
Dane
Dodge
Door
Douglas
Dunn
Eau Claire |
Fond clu Lac
Grant .
Green
Green Lake
Iowa .
Jackson
Jefferson
Juneau
Kewaunee
Kenosha i
La Crosse
Lafayette
La Pointe
Manitowoc
Marathon
Marquetto
Milwaukee
Monroe
Oconto
Outagamie
Ozaukee .
Pepin
Pierce
Polk
Portage
Racine
Richland
Rock
Sauk
Shawanaw
Sheboygan
St. Croix
Trempeleau
Vernon
Walworth ....
Washin "-ton
Waukesna
Waupacca
Waushara
Winnebago
Wood
Soldiers Vote
Total
108,857
24,147
84,710
t!93,567
83,458
17,574
65,884
149.342
86,110
21,089
65,021
151.131
Majority
Aggregate
* No return. t Including Bayfield, 44, and Burnett, 78 votes, new counties.
$Bell received 161, and Breckenridge 888 votes.
lbt)9.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
WISCONSIN.
a
1858.
1852.
1848.
o
6
£
Fremont,
Republican.
Buchanan,
Democrat.
Fillmore,
American.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Hal,,
Free Soil.
Taylor.
Whig.
Cast,
Democrat.
Van Buren,
Free Soil.
1
1,591
625
9
Ill
86
0
<?,
3
597
231
21
4
5
499
68
1,004
163
0
0
326
t
515
0
238
309
10
6
7
486
*
408
1
149
f
245
0
65
79
0
8
73
37
0
f
9
10
2,950
521
1,239
429
7
1
1,133
1,233
maj. 42
31
302
109
145
215
106
12
11
12
13
3,990
3,455
t
3,443
2,784
6
15
1,004
1,205
t
2,138
2,264
288
429
724
527
757
797
443
637
14
t
t ..
15
39()
119
o
f
1fi
17
18
19
°0
3,292
2,809
2,004
2,511
1,419
1,087
25
186
32
1,065
1,341
659
1,635
1,379
865
408
129
186
446
1.649
479
4as
1,148
391
497
144
297
21
22
1,497
306
1,474
144
27
6
895
t...
948
0
884
848
118
23
94
3,290
±...
3,434
6
1,203
t
1,693
359
713
840
562
Vft
89
206
0
5
23
0
°fi
1 508
831
o
483
590
636
27
28
99
987
1,415
*
541
1,722
25
19
260
850
t
325
1,389
10
0
"'92i
"i',66i'
"'si'
30
31
1,177
269
1,907
207
0
1
209
874
9
77
150
70
32
.33
34
2,518
2,798
722
1,032
7,188
254
19
25
6
2,019'
t
rnaj.366
3,640
'"527
214
1,189
174
2,151
174
626
85
*
71
101
0
3r.
602
753
1
145
429
44
37
360
2 032
o
f
as
39
414
106
11
t
40
95
54
o
f
41
fi£0
361
13
216
275
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
2,299
882
4,707
2,015
68
1,891
417
1,688
455
1,965
993
21
1,921
252
6
37
10
4
0
15
0
848
166
1,509
511
t
662
1,308
166
1,691
595
"i'sis"
maj. 62
776
0
923
156
'376'
907
i',366'
149
'"'372
635
"'491'
158
'"442
1,931
i',338'
159
"'175'
49
190
45
o
t
50
51
52
53
54
3,518
813
2,875
1 f>36
1,297
2,641
2,020
75
4
7
8
o
965
1,156
939
1,141
2..350
1,582
1,433
183
1,186
804
355
806
550
1,720
961
1,493
324
1,001
56
57
1,292
2,769
260
215
1,415
95
6
20
o
147
707
f
174
949
116
575
'"366"
""222"
."."226'
06.090
12,668
52,843
579
119,512
21,743
32,658
10,915
8,780
63,181
13,747
15,001
1,254
10,428
39,176
* No returns.
t New Counties.
$ With Adams.
45
700
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
IOWA.
[1869.
a
c
_!_
i
2
3
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
i
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
1860.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
McClellan,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
Fusion,
Democrat.
Adair
313
427
1,543
1,519
101
2,587
2,580
1,362
1,470
1,872
57
1,118
104
156
420
2,470
441
64
996
1,062
76
2,783
3,283
188
1,254
1,520
1,024
2,034
2,572
121
2,633
136
2,124
1,283
516
977
423
5:30
547
638
89
1,586
932
2,802
674
271
23
1,490
2,040
2,799
1,895
2,221
2,410
1,938
332
3,060
3,630
1 W
115
166
1,403
1,236
101
1,172
841
995
538
926
4
424
67
82
248
1,381
73
15
520
426
4
1,952
2,292
138
590
1,410
1,018
1,021
1,958
10
4,091
28
1,051
400
78
1,082
231
75
412
167
24
535
732
1,044
380
80
5
1,164
2,117
1,232
1,309
2,090
1,277
1,503 \
30
3,101
1,642
761
683
944
1,511
2,182
611
551
293
119
180
1,145
874
43
1,119
1,489
405
738
1,054
6
559
12
33
180
1.625
'223
8
576
611
24
2,110
1,896
49
632
1,021
689
1,300
2,050
47
76
1,330
920
52
560
433
460
257
601
9
241
24
32
128
832
11
1
292
207
11
1,642
1,410
17
328
968
577
630
1,514
42
161
1,185
853
48
1,028
1,122
365
543
962
6
483
19
25
167
1,548
157
10
550
592
8
2,089
1,974
47
612
843
680
1,868
1,997
46
2,092
36
1,529
560
228
402
121
141
326
224
29
713
385
2,148
386
55
4
782
1,574
1,208
1,463
1,804
1,453
1,330
64
2,617
2,228
1,309
686
737
1,639
l'508
854
441
594
44
92
1,151
1,224
59
724
557
446
454
621
6
246
20
26
136
963
59
3
306
445
13
1,574
1,450
31
433
1,424
898
789
1,677
7
3,059
"'835'
201
69
516
145
19
301
100
40
382
a57
1,066
273
8
6
682
1,405
650
1,245
1,448
1,097
1,195
18
2,632
1,2H1
739
483
764
1,332
1.607
404
327
172
Adams
Allamakee
\ppanoose
Audubon
Benton
Black Hawk
Booiie
Buena Vista
Butler
Calhoun
Carroll
Ca*s
Cedar
Cerro Gordo
Cherokee
Chickasaw
Clarke
Clay
Clayton
Clinton
Crawford
Dallas
Davis
Decatur
Delaware
Des Moines
Dickinson
Dubuque
1,742
41
1,413
587
236
511
153
202
230
260
,35
815
341
2,069
3,318
Emmett
Fayette
799
185
56
448
103
18
273
80
17
305
291
669
Floyd
Franklin
Fremont
Greene
Grundy ...
Gu time
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardin
Harrison
Henry .
Howard
Humboldt
Ida
74
10
792
1,598
1,349
1,389
1,546
1,531
1,149
74
2.506
2,253
1,305
565
808
1,886
1.458
1,096
485
579
31
Iowa
662
1,609
638
962
1,397
941
938
14
2,223
1,087
559
382
586
954
1,452
367
237
106
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
Johnson
Jones
Keokuk
Kossuth
Lee
Linn
Louisa
Lucas .
992
1,506
2,046
2.268
2,339
842
1,177
Madison . . .
Mahaska . . .
Murion
Marshall .
Mills
Mitchell
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
IOWA.
707
a
1856.
1852.
1848.
•o
1
Fremont.
Republican.
Buchanan,
Democrat.
FUUnore,
American.
Boott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Hale,
Free Soil.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cas»,
Democrat.
VanBureo,
Free Soil.
1
72
27
4
2
113
78
3
3
630
500
28
142
123
*
4
5
191
23
854
31
487
4
247
335
25
44
118
6
558
426
123
80
89
22
43
7
566
282
33
8
203
319
66
40
84
*
9
327
172
48
10
709
343
21
123
148
21
37
5
11
12
223
141
29
13
g
14
14
*
15
132
84
16
17
1,016
101
701
40
176
1
338
354
102
205
276
38
18
*
19
351
102
32
20
346
338
77
20
32
37
*
21
*
22
23
1,420
1,245
754
839
67
142
471
278
461
336
134
168
188
207
26
24
36
8
25
487
319
20
79
89
30
26
26
27
201
243
1,014
583
752
133
592
55
614
133
12
364
*
375
1
28
99
801
1,338
500
1,413
149
522
233
984
204
1.154
18
80
107
955
104
1,070
95
30
*
.31
32
1,322
2,427
256
600
1,150
6
365
764
4
33
1,043
452
114
167
117
21
#
34
224
124
14
35
120
33
36
166
203
103
95
96
*
37
73
117
38
65
2
39
196
205
12
7
39
*
40
*
41
*
42
583
195
18
43
170
124
9
....
44
45
1,767
207
767
63
308
832
513
223
655
459
•"190
46
#
47
*
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
492
1,163
878
1,188
1,215
964
895
85
326
1,332
455
1,023
964
663
aso
12
79
276
m
206
282
10
197
112
554
160
759
415
266
326
101
739
113
796
531
338
403
1
12
3
97
38
22
42
25
397
66
637
286
154
231
59
559
69
789
359
207
355
1
8
*"ss
30
41
21
56
57
58
59
1,780
1,652
993
288
2,158
971
642
355
650
273
200
176
1,379
522
468
80
1,708
592
368
85
201
80
105
g
1,189
293
428
*
1,614
383
286
204
41
56
60
580
519
61
103
150
*
61
62
1,284
940
268
599
411
541
489
39
13
402
277
400
306
21
9
63
531
199
104
31
52
*
64
287
153
102
42
91
*
65
314
135
1
* New Counties.
t No Returns.
708
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
IOWA. — Continued.
A
*
1
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
8
3
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
93
93
94
95
96
97
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
McClellan,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
Fusion,
Democrat.
Monona
372
1,290
357
2,539
10
936
42
95
93
2,913
1,121
1,686
519
132
3,612
153
6
1,058
1,862
717
488
2.026
2,119
1,946
2,314
1,031
736
161
2,300
430
259
241
122
848
144
1,767
2
521
88
592
91
1,242
5
168
109
879
152
1,840
8
469
4
32
21
1,303
413
721
348
15
2,739
100
3
418
775
353
198
1,667
1,399
1,152
1,724
579
253
24
1,382
129
109
93
89
749
81
1,285
10
290
29
6
10
1,074
410
484
182
39
1,377
64
10
333
413
248
208
1,552
1,686
795
1,057
648
207
21
780
117
30
20
Monroe
913
225
1,576
1
474
62
23
19
1,694
1,042
791
257
45
1,763
129
5
423
806
321
352
1,606
1,821
933
1,323
739
549
16
1,092
323
1
61
74,040
194,439
Montgomery
Muscatine
O'Brien
Pa»e
Palo Alto
19
32
1,509
502
753
319
44
2,674
61
1
549
873
434
196
1,577
1,398
1,170
1,663
520
318
39
1,495
157
123
86
...„
1,092
353
454
76
22
1,402
78
3
342
388
135
167
1,015
1,268
622
937
430
319
13
350
93
31
42
Pocahontas
Polk
Pottawatomie
Poweshiek
Sac
Scott .
Shelby
Sioux
Story
Tama
Taylor
Union
Van Buren
Wapello
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Winnebago
Winneshiek
Woodbury
Worth
Wright
Total
120,399
46,359
*89,075
39,479
49,596
138,671
70.409
15,298
55,111
125,520
Majority
Aggregate
* Including the army vote, Lincoln 17,310, McClellan 1,921.
KENTUCKY.
6
'o
&
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
MoCIellan,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Fusion,
Dem.
Ffflmoro,
Am.
Buchanan,
Dem.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Adair
261
271
116
106
390
497
256
184
434
154
507
223
408
45
563
300
89
656
642
803
1,345
1,485
1,025
1,503
1.372
513
913
1,210
440
1,160
972
469
822
1,099
59
20
34
351
55
132
200
274
202
129
268
'"42
14
99
294
627
547
272
541
737
451
1,063
850
493
532
922
1
1,106
1,140
1,098
1,204
1,867
1,715
1,848
1,750
794
1,080
1,771
553
1,619
991
910
1,112
1,294
455
537
299
323
1,561
642
937
957
'"676
876
112
1,008
545
571
463
206
1,033
713
737
655
1.232
1,028
818
601
"362
742
502
628
561
451
607
1,209
Allen
Anderson
'"i
14
....
3
18
3
4
Ballard
Barren
Bath
Boone
Bourbon
Boyd
Boyle..
Bracken
Brealhitt
Breckenridge
Bullitt .
""995
624
414
351
3
2
5
3
Butler
Caldwell
Galloway
1809.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
IOWA. — Continued.
709
6
C>
1856.
1852.
1848.
•s
1
Fremont,
Republican.
Buchanan,
Democrat.
Fillmore,
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Democrat.
Hale,
Free SoU.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cas«,
Democrat.
Tan Buren,
Free Soil.
r,!i
41
56
13
67
68
622
(>3
603
58
93
17
204
295
36
Ill
195
10
60
70
1,091
895
32
562
605
30
395
377
13
71
100
171
189
29
40
*
T>
7S
*
74
75
1,065
888
91
401
439
13
185
234
76
259
353
84
111
182
77
459
255
87
61
45
2
20
20
78
92
52
64
79
25
35
80
R1
1,615
62
1,119
19
329
517
641
. 81
335
366
30
82
83
232
272
79
W
470
296
90
S5
119
183
31
9
*
S6
102
121
17
87
88
89
1,092
1,093
855
1,396
1,175
513
324
252
102
981
683
95
1,028
762
82
48
20
13
926
570
*
978
584
104
2
90
91
1,188
133
629
368
403
170
473
63
369
59
181
340
*
295
147
99
389
209
31
9S
#
91
770
209
13
68
68
*
95
*
90
*
97
91
24
43,954
7,784
36,170
9,180
89,304
15,856
17,763
1,907
1,604
35,223
11,084
12,093
1,009
1,120
24.297
* New Counties.
KENTUCKY.
8'
o
&_
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
Boott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
Ca...
Dem.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
\ Buren,
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
457
280
292
260
1,119
587
800
978
597
454
606
328
967
785
769
528
568
423
334
277
1,462
724
935
1,172
549
553
547
281
1,048
782
769
486
548
401
281
282
1,306
611
888
1,208
639
635
552
400
1,108
783
712
521
518
410
292
376
377
329
223
201
181
401
373
375
1,816
605
843
1,126
732
475
473
396
787
485
580
992
825
470
488
416
603
638
96
842
403
312
731
189
323
517
234
440
446
269
874
815
773
795
143
1,006
499
349
826
227
347
472
151
422
399
204
841
664
617
753
120
924
528
351
780
204
352
443
231
464
436
290
966!
772
712
159
989
465
258
687
201
279
45
214
253
189
670
1,055
486
*
275
755
209
134
302
99
176
319
184.
497
730
* New County.
710
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
KENTUCKY. — Continued.
[1869.
6
*
£
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Bep.
McCIellan,
Dom.
Lincoln,
Bep.
Fusion,
Dem.
Fillmore,
Am.
Buchanan,
Dem.
Campbell
1,701
94
242
207
484
227
681
155
533
108
218
155
650
576
855
112
274
6
100
884
573
446
416
147
742
105
200
476
458
242
88
157
41
340
502
1,481
172
531
359
1,658
820
113
714
368
271
983
116
76
307
1,891
984
560
461
1,456
1,075
445
290
693
526
2,415
345
641
2,016
1,178
463
1,390
749
571
807
933
1,830
816
576
556
719
1,722
96
1,593
1,2011
1,807
1,402|
987
1,286
111
11,072
745
274
93
2,732
392
757
474
633
278
799
1,043
810
1,910
1,504
82
367
127
376
130
312
3
424
33
37
48
470
882
357
1,286
324
345
507
636
690
186
215
252
302
1,124
215
303
496
701
314
2,334
1,078
1,063
919
1,832
1,410
802
708
1,250
858
2,258
501
964
1,561
1,834
673
1,734
714
837
1,070
1,498
2,025
1,073
975
1,234
889
2,085
597
2,230
1,439
1,555
l,8;%
968
1,568
289
9,459
1,199
666
906
439
298
601
1,880
946
421
261
506
635
954
161
474
1,404
949
85
883
340
310
866
639
475
477
408
866
425
1,226
331
965
509
865
727
244
857
4,982
614
14
1,219
511
787
415
1,098
418
369
522
664
335
965
421
543
1,006
848
939
794
460
269
423
676
1,380
651
639
865
407
932
264
1,095
816
767
1,050
631
1,133
2,972
553
708
Carroll
Carter
Casey
1
8
1
1
4
3
1
7
7
15
56
5
2
Christian . . ,
Clark ...
Clay
Clinton
Crittenclen
Cumberland
Daviess
Edmonson
Estill
Fayette
Fleming
Floyd
Franklin
253
86
109
467
220
642
114
"'596
18
83
287
256
40
30
111
289
47
345
2,066
195
689
61
391
460
372
769
716
591
431
366
1,010
51
820
1,051
949
1,168
223
492
29
6,404
612
"'2!
'"8
2
4
3
6
2
Fulton .
Gallatin
Garrard
Grant
Graves
Grayson
Greene
Greenup
Hancock
Hardin
3arlan
Harrison
Hart
1
5
2
1
2
101
106
3
3enderson
Henry
Hickman
Hopkins . ...
Jackson
Jefferson
Jessamine
Johnson
Josh Bell . .
Kenton .
1,716
629
17
444
191
'"645
109
246
220
1,374
197
700
188
380
""391
801
217
508
267
11
3
10
3,289
866
883
763
958
373
1,080
1,195
906
2,001
1,246
588
546
408
466
79
586
796
457
1,613
1,643
271
489
365
478
287
631
459
372
506
'"396
832
i",i54
943
994
605
476
402
1,121
' " '451
661
1,068
747
1,041
Knox
Lame
Laurel
Lawrence
Letcher
""si
4
Lewis
Lincoln
Livingston
Logan
3
Louisville City .
Lion
61
819
247
206
117
631
241
150
50
326
206
136
556
201
490
21
484
1,650
233
1,460
970
1,862
1,146
731
1,099
1,164
474
872
431
719
3,864
1,585
60
800
23
28
149
368
515
62
3
271
24
401
84
105
700
79
1,119
147
1,197
323
504
630
627
505
813
32(i
52
597
868
"'85
746
2,008
488
1,660
1,080
2,351
1,234
536
1,121
1,824
798
1,078
960
965
1,349
1,585
253
1,087
'"418
104
1,308
660
404
714
€15
'"546
561
289
733
793
Madison
Magoffin
Marion
Marshall
Mason . ....
26
8
'"i
2
3
'"3
McCracken
McLean
Meade
Mercer . .
Metcalfe
Montgomery
Monroe
Morgan
Muhlenburg
Nelson
225
17
4
1S09.]
PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
KENTUCKY. — Continued.
711
i
o
6
fc
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren.
Dem.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
577
446
180
474
973
842
278
276
396
501
1,027
208
358
1,376
888
165
833
152
372
863
437
446
433
422
637
249
1,007
327
802
455
616
744
155
737
1,098
473
497
230
806
322
185
318
486
157
711
218
322
809
698
222
759
233
411
236
572
971
394
487
660
205
619
65
947
578
635
983
' 379
809
511
4,33
243
529
1,132
1,046
377
286
342
642
986
249
485
1,541
1,159
260
926
814
428;
510
196
786
319
125
294
399
153
605
209
781
225
664
358
382
148
468
1,122
996
ass
262
284
590
808
174
392
1,695
1,143
190
816
618
370
508
214
825
314
92
315
399
167
622
251
816
824
771
34C
634
&55
359
163
392
1,080
1,001
438
314
466
220
228
72
591
199
91
122
484
•
1,026
*
176
670
888
202
224
470
226
153
567
690
209
459
1,4:^5
1,142
233
656
79
428
134
155
596
472
404
434
804
445
122
144
344
144
1,266
808
80
509
689
464
549
560
360
1,187
485
468
507
517
640
304
1,239
350
891
586
731
827
169
796
368
191
529
772
345
512
516
166
631
896
1,022
353
766
348
1,128
396
386
432
827
693
277
1,095
&34
859
579
719
708
304
701
351
229
493
884
386
1,042
385
21S
702
75
975
658
638
1,044
740
814
l',042
4G9
252
326
1,026
354
304
445
766
599
214
1,342
438
741
499
616
807
393
654
262
138
320
607
206
666
268
69
524
10
694
303
451
845
684
481
483
814
247
158
268
274
357
152
698
174
445
216
364
627
198
403
525
218
225
363
153
890
265
72
526
53
714
387
360
794
521
381
3,665
556
64
' ' '975
487
417
372
385
63
400
674
312
1,294
3,791
476
299
l",384
164
848
187
362
78
503
338
267
384
1,161
682
106
970
439
214
1,092
616
85
890
652
*
722
273
610
513
584
339
985
648
478
488
414
"'52i
832
403
1,402
2,836
1,228
159
349
145
318
'"566
325
265
358
2,020
687
589
382
384
347
29
506
769
424
1,407
2,435
920
164
333
124
345
161
543
335
327
374
1,662
518
690
618
99
*
309
95
400
335
96
123
171
68
100
207
523
922
632
1,223
2,220
321
182
478
213
985
345
61S
22o
902
1,473
302
317
361
289
960
*
976
541
1,813
564
1,202
633
1,318
391
972
420
782
91
1,337
385
*
763
425
896
416
765
120
1,631
407
629
496
953
308
715
94
1,608
256
737
600
799
195
698
277
1,556
388
564
264
1,231
149
608
106
647
594
230
914
713
734
225
1,088
650
557
223
985
646
1,145
151
954
839
739
128
938
518
377
316
814
958
389
350
509
553
487
688
586
413
746
1,149
548
379
490
437
464
673
451
247
657
1.326
597
473
512
439
60S
625
478
260
652
1,208
390
187
318
219
324
522
179
57
844
765
338
220
335
227
425
New Counties.
712
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
KENTUCKY. — Continued.
[1869.
6
"c
£
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.*
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Sejmour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClellan,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Fusion,
Dem.
FUlmore,
Am.
Buchanan,
Dem.
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
Nicholas
315
583
82
53
657
759
347
219
134
1,571
213
516
254
222
168
89
90
14
44
108
128
33
118
320
399
412
201
940
71
180
993
1,208
2,198
894
251
1,210
195 1
438!
203
1,200:
6io:
6111
167
423
1,503
1,751 I
805
793
641)
1,199
947!
870
1,558:
1,81H
1,037
952'
l,037i
281
969
346
244
367
31
528
765
588
1
3
2
1,704
1,467
934!
2 342'
666
813
387
554
335
746
173
161
167
956
709
901
528
1,579
401
732
295
706
177
1,336
""184
237
429
1,049
773
537
434
672
573
859
599
925
695
1,145
699
Ohio
Oldhara
Owen
Owsley
348
629
'"27
1,059
'428
49
15
87
18
6
1
30
105
42
12
98
163
73
89
77
731
28
i',194
96
688
'"l27
615
1
2
1
1
'"55
705 i
1,796
414
800
349
2,031
Pendleton
Perry . . ....
Pike
Powell
Pulaski
Robertson
Rock Castle
Rowan
259
23
459
567
990
430
351
481)
388
452
385
428
1,444
810
546
311
71
564
2,823
64
'"i
640
333
774
1,954
1,998|
917
736
920
1,063
1,446
923
1,574
1,923
1,218
1,305
956;
861
1,196
461
417
106
448
674
1,262
391
317
762
581
275
653
1.354
441
515
Russell
Scott
Shelby
..._.
4
1
1
'"3
1
5
Simpson
Spencer
Taylor
Toclcl
Trigf
Trimble
Jnion
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Whitley
7
572
672
338
420
Woodford
Wolfe
Soldiers' Vote
Total
39,566
115,889:
76,323
155,455
27,786
64,301
36,515
92,087
1,364
143,703
142,339
145,067
67,416
74,642
7,226
142,058
Majority
Aggregate —
' Bell received 66,058 votes, Breckeuridge 53,143, Douglas 25,651 ; Bell's plurality 12,915.
TENNESSEE.*
a
18
88.
I860.
18
56.
o
0
£
COUNTIES.
Grant,
Rep. .
Seymour,
Dem.
Bell,
Union.
Brecken'ge
Dem.
Douglas,
Dem.
Fillmore,
Buchanan,
Dem.
1
Anderson . .
595
142
614
339
30
640
348
0
Bledsoe
365
114
361
177
38
354
271
3
Blount
1 361
112
1 261
586
47
1 246
623
4
Bradley
1 084
265
710
759
301
658
1 078
5
Bedford
1 449
1 064
1 506
1 38()
35
1 557
1*378
6
Benton
175
3lj
452
713
5
453
63^
7
Campbell
550
40,
345
271
20
345
431
8
Carter
761
80
859
205
15
728
228
q
Cheatham
73
80
f
423
465
10
Claiborne
591
48
614
718
io
543
735
11
Cocke
783
2
933
473
14
795
439
19
Cannon
311
177
445
922
20
428
13
Coffee
110
297
361
1 101
7;
307
990
14
Carroll
1,193
55
1 571
'737
129
1 710
863
15
Cumberland
242
6
243
261
16
Davidson
4517
1 452
3 850
2432
383
3 259
2 074
17
DeKalb
626
26°
677
882
13
'554
795
18
Dickson
292
144
135
465
86
382
816
19
Dccatur
121
18
473
362
81
453
49-)
2u
Dyer
118
846
798
450
154
666
59(1
* Tennessee did not vote in 1864.
tVote thrown out.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
KENTUCKY. — Continued.
713
5
0
1
84
a=5
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
%
97
98
99
100
101
10-}
10:5
101
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
592
701
388
505
294
262
130
221
111
707
'"326
#
'437
729
1,184
38!)
331
£61
652
560
300
499
982
637
463
721
624
486
1,186
326
570
77
194
133
622
"'97
718
476
533
830
375
704
542
488
810
24Sj
599
678
601
426
485
165
287
113
251
703
513
625
937
129
530
84
238
627
552
465
454
491
252
480
541
428
313
354
174
439
247
500
649
257
185
170
*&
122
133
83
24
342
172
213
225
#
140
947
'"497
734
727
708
738
354
514
443
95
451
73
467
22
400
58
195
888
753
380
340
527
422
629
491
612
600
680
342
519
797
1,4134
448
460
*
iso
731
716;
428
351
431
803
1,441
455
469
178
938
796
418
508
504
729
1,570
453
472
77 1
797|
563
178
300
226
544
1,327
327
292
127
993
586
257
347
808
588
361
501
1,226
721
689
409
632
486
458.
(503
678
405
781
557
268
507
1,132
660
535
406
651
507
584
687
709
342
705
453
23:
48;
931
697
57S)
198
457
404
q
338,
169
550
271
#
212
359
205
763
253
383
266
440
6!6
34'.)
'"706
'"4i6
58-1
778
93
337
431
750
99
473
409
4 »O
52
291
269
615
80
325
57,068
3,262
53,806
110,874
67,141
17,421
49,720
116,861
61,255
9,267
51,988
113,243
58,489
25,873
32,616
91,105
3(5.687
3,662
33,025
69,713
* New Counties.
TENNESSEE.
a
o
d
fc
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Burcn,
Dem.
White,
Whig.
Van Buren
Dem.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
602
464
827
547
1,390
340
313
585
267
209
566
778
1,356
485
252
140
602
508
965
760
1,497
392
473
745
250
229
663
927
1,381
459
279
129
620
529
1,04(5
572
1,455
292
£57
739
325
259
735
958
1,526
481)
318:
177
625
644
1,198
467
1,878
259
481
837
227
202
640i
791
2,156j
301
328;
99:
221
998
5(54
824
1,500
95
157
664
81
15
153
428
1,614
153
147
70
503
743
453
205
1,498
2,623
559
1,013
40d
508
519
196
727
722
649
700
815
469
333
1,493
744
189
827
943
560
i",976
573
674
1
578
'844
318
280
1,356
857
187!
761
1,000
s£
631
917
i',36i
788
3
329
309
90
7
i
352,
' ' '802
'"262
2,059
588
769
315
411
2,698
571
386
2.26(5
488
a39
*
1,683
49li
H
1,960
'"396
'446
1,274
:::H
20f5l
1,3:34
'263
985
'"426
883
271'
356
272
146
55
'New County.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
TENNESSEE. — Continued.
[1809.
8
CM
6
fc
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
,35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
fel
82
COUNTIES.
1868.
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour.
Dem.
Bell,
Union.
Brccken'ge
Dem.
Douglas,
Dem.
Fillmore,
Am.
Buchanan,
Dem.
Fentress
196
82
821
921
1,616
561
38
130
118
672
129
656
611
9
135
388
953
1,047
1,048
1,818
74
1,909
1,007
1,074
309
671
273
350
767
1,246
887
885
1,626
508
1,182
2,471
470
40
517
493
986
150
498
915
168
1,4:34
1,420
602
5(53
1,064
1,441
394
680
396
391
289
1,105
1,309
1,540
*.
' 1,085
252
538
1,475
412
883
3,048
420
116
967
378
701
763
1,587
2,223
900
465
1,526
364
667
2,054
1,511
431
1,039
1,155
820
493
718
1,067
654
555
611
1,808
358
681
140
1,050
859
690
255
2,442
172
978
521
347
1,099
218
1,731
1,042
1,326
430
493
460
1,417
885
825
520
386
as9
930
1,505
16
26
588
17
38
86
60
241
87
165
18
142
16
14
754
74
24
453
35
4
33
128
58
8
293
270
141
88
56
52
46
63
95
43
27
514
429
40
165
63
19
24
43
79
21
118
331
1,082
1,117
880
1,236
28
1,832
916
1,064
241
748
238
280
691
1,313
897
842
1,571
459
1,261
2,551
514
25
431
395
970
125
523
867
162
1,316
1,368
649
559
969
1,561
322
533
402
362
311
1,028
1,089
1,469
f
533
1,427
1,080
7:36
1,853
1,584
425
1,284
1,144
1,051
525
905
1,086
695
1,333
8 .5
1,827
920
667
178
1,180
838
876
242
2,670
411
1,059
6:35
444
1,041
263
1,823
944
1,278
526
1,125
981
1,505
950
798
525
448
829
928
1,368
Franklin
Fayettc
Grander . ...
Greene
Giles
Grundy
Gibson
Hawkins
950
1,273
492
698
97
102
506
644
168
1,382
2,012
501
436
3,064
154
33
4
67
1,259
327
439
756
186
1,909
1,0:35
166
433
520
289
290
85
296
142
187
1,488
212
957
39
1,264
211
585
617
120
465
5,116
262
15
1,217
342
556
165
561
850
506
84
393
Hamilton . .
Hancock
Harclin
236
104
119
810
105
148
811
71
1
513
603
174
'"558
453
294
87
14
110
34
1,012
683
856
59
75
267
34
139
37
48
55
135
406
841
11
41
12
20
215
830
378
2,871
1,733
'"69
166
45
37
835
I,2i8
226
Hickman
Humphreys
[lardeman
Henry
Haywood
Tefferson
Johnson
Jackson
Knox
Lawrence
Lewis
Lincoln
Lauderdale
McMinn
Heigs
Marion
Monroe
Morgan
Maury
Montgomery
Marshall
Macon
McNairy
Madison
Overton
Obion
Polk
Perry .
Rhea
Roane
Robertson
Rutherford
Sequatcliie
Sevier
Scott
188
154
1,517
618
786
1,677
744
91
187
1,331
1,220
392
686
797
1,165
1,335
7
1
69
60
144
153
2,959
563
12
62
14
73
28
32
63
126
921
156
548
1,596
606
859
2,114
424
103
828
411
714
808
1,646
2,186
859
164
224
1,477
729
895
1,894
2,044
663
265
1,334
1,130
563
740
775
1,134
1,628
Sullivan
Smith
Stewart
Sumner
Shelby
Tipton
Van Buren
Washington
Warren
Wayne
White
Williamson
Wilson
Weakley
Total .
56,757
30,446
26,311
$83,068
69,274
4,5&5
64,709
11,350
145,333
66,178
73,638
7,460
139,816
Majority
Aggregate
* Excluded. Irregular. t Now County.
$ Including Putnam and Union, new counties, 669 votes.
1809.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
TENNESSEE. — Continued.
715
a
o
d
<<;
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
few,
Dem.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Dem.
White,
Whig.
Tan Buren
Dem.
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
153
330
1,006
852
780
1,303
44
1,570
778
774
241
643
241
263
716
1,193
899
790
1,170
365
1,118
1,863
549
43
606
330
7%
141
453
805
240
1,32-1
1,260
666
610
956
1,426
345
431
27i
3-25
300
820
633
1,495
411
1,13S
1,034
477
1,307
1,447
327
901
831
648
838
808
839
471
1,02-1
511
1,516
732
312
93
703
565
583
ISO
2.297
'277
860
442
292
847
222
1,799
993
1,340
374
907
819
1,039
644
470
314
307
678
725
1,313
113
390
1,217
1,094
963
1,389
*
' 1.423
1,252
685
f
432
1,207
1,000
489
1,483
1,511
""688
1,243
634
60
a58
1,205
998
1,031
1,301
l',820
1,173
644
456
1,123
1,151
548
1.701
1,387
140
645
1,140
1,095
1,032
1,190
323
1,461
902
449
1,559
1,242
166
448
886
601
695
908
7
1,199
879
16
724
796
611
1,388
624
1,272
1,053
606
418
1,251
473
702
770
215
152
481
158
621
301
309
723
1,286
860
800
1,468
K82
1,269
2,140
596
1.
770
988
482
1,016
460
1,349
672
215
66
801
439
544
505
255
305
689
1,209
835
756
1,563
370
1,211
2,015
489
732
1,034
523
1,077
492
1,312
668
247
79
807
507
547
562
293
191
676
1,318
862
807
1,811
390
1,302
2,096
537
581
952
333
860
277
1,079
576
131
49
591
314
372
252
149
124
459
831
645
551
577
1
710
965
228
141
621
175
531
87
498
266
23
263
86
272
680
279
960
150
562
962
229
1,516
1,288
730
'939
1,562
467
357
367
433
298
998
1,236
1,754
2,584
274
1,024
534
336
960
187
1,970
969
1,408
658
28:J
873
120
503
859
211
1,292
1,271
635
±...
2,494
211
1,061
620
381
1,086
232
1,988
1,029
1,398
831
i',022
119
503
923
211
1,497
1,101
2,531
'"897
535
161
2,025
790
752
§:::i*3
287
563
85
1,210
745
1,479
'"i06
170
288
3
1,997
467
786
737
1,112
487
517
287
321
671
839
1,439
773
1,357
336
282
260
744
288
900
1,193
1,730
741
768
1,145
536
488
513
368
735
871
1,500
906
1,312
329
267
477
537
988
357
374
1,111
250
164
152
169
557
105
781
209
1,047
1,167
1,706
348
383
545
650
1,475
427
271
460
862
1,179
120
63
110
609
1,000
621
304
260
1,742
323
885
1,824
• r.'< 4
101
565
344
666
949
1,583
2,248
78-;
80
100
1,114
520
607
1,563
1,628
565
165
853
922
380
518
763
923
1,149
787
' ' '436
2,380
574
922
1,828
352
130
862
407
673
1,064
1,883
2,517
669
57
l' 375
719
705
1,994
1,607
482
198
1,016
1,161
386
503
793
998
1,080
738
J
78
926
45
253
2
&50
2,328
519
881
1,625
360
116
881
335
665
857
1,986
2,607
560
1,533
788
704
2,017
1,352
502
190
1,225
1,190
446
468
a59
1,042
1,084
327
2,657
457
794
950
573
1,386
688
642
1,738
681
588
302
1,296
169
748
488
346
934
332
402
1,160
310
331
892
513
760
1,201
2,017
2,550
528
1,083
1,9441
2661
386
681
870
723
439
394
272
750
1,491
1,610
248
760
1,172
155
100
402
553
811
58,898
1,880
57,018
115,916
64,321
6,179
58,142
122,463
60,030
113
59,917
119,947
60,391
12,102
48,289
108,680
35,168
9,039
26,129
61,297
*With Warren and Coffee. t With Claiborne and Hawkins. % New Counties.
| With Campbell. § With Bradley.
716
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
MISSOURI.
[1869.
6
v-
o
1
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Sejmour,
Dem.
Lincoln.
Rep.
McClellan
Dem;
Lincoln,
Rep.
Bell.
Brock.,
Douglas,
Am.
Buchanan,
Dem.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
«)
10
11
IS
18
14
15
16
17
18
19
90
2]
t->
S3
21
26
88
•27
88
29
80
81
8-i
88
g
:«;
37
88
89
40
41
42
43
44
45
4tt
47
48
49
50
51
52
5:i
54
65
Mi
57
58
69
80
<;i
«•>
63
64
Aclair
Andrew
920
1,318
768
298
360
270
775
680
309
148
1,920
118
832
198
371
1,001
957
32
1,010
569
774
558
1,118
284
575
839
945
383
701
584
l,0(iO
586
199
297
580l
193|
288J
324
235
632;
348
88
204!
1,419
105
395
386
163
843
820
41 1
1,161'
300,
856
148
322
320
652
734
504
433
168
232
730
291
175
797
1,141
639
126
197
23
27
574
243
262
1,914
162
60
7
392
17
'"is
21
12
813
813
185
97
68
1
1
28
30
74
23
12
452
1
43
15
6
175
3
1,2-iS1
1,815;
873i
1,075
876
276 1
1,245
980
515
2,901
3,527
340
816
2,617!
625 1
1,519
1,580;
1031
1,564'
867
1,595
670
1,791
1,878
1,356
1,143
2,221
714
994
685
1,502
695
788
283
428
132
565
148
53
255
159
199
1,329
768
34
237
1,095
210
664
399
'"596
163
440
"'72i
756
406
259
787
460
333
132
380
172
77
410
889
345
521
488
64
409
467
413
958
1,036
143
295
805
269
898
659
' ' '56i
391
559
""587
675
397
552
778
434
418
454
572
336
3%
Atchison
Andrain
Barry
Barton
Bates
Benton
Bollin<rer
Boone
Bucliaiian
Butlor
Caldwell
496
274
468
1,213
285
88
965
1
551
113
Callaway
Camden
Cape Girardean
Carter
76
297
363
557
997
216
297
1,256
939
297
507
243
775
400
107
105
""2
5
128
777
492
502
381
307
4
12
286
197
1
23
4
1
'"277
Cedar
Ciiariton
Christian
Clark
Clay
Clinton
11
114
20
35
8
20
33
7
7
Coie
Coooer
Crawford
Daile
Dallas
Daviess
De Kalb
Dent
Docile
Don "-la-<
427
41
189
2
438
*
'"ioi
531
220
396
1,003
850
318
402
130
240
798
'"894
294
523
844
391
225
1,293
a58
642
672
383
430
435
355
67
1,321
'"i47
846
403
757
1,029
335
495
369
333
409
867
' i',i68
398
387
540
471
321
654
574
761
846
400
501
934
418
246
727
Dunklin
Franklin ...
1,5138
927
813
1,830
1,044
1,417
970
441
1,053
167
160
287
l,26l'
307
511
790
324
475
722
145
106
1,270
32
230
1,717
862
525
2,223
9as
1,252
465
365
673
534
401
185
281
346
17
212
232
1
81
6
494
433
201
42
129
297
16
15
202
1
1,573
396
1,649
1,698
1,113
1,279
1,558
638(
972
2,106;
403
579;
3,51H
1,023
1,061!
2,368;
1,508
800
2,722i
1,099
1,898
1,927|
1,2861
1,449
2,245!
629
502
3,058
Gasconade
Gentry
Greene
Harrison
Henry
Hickory
Holt
Howard
Howell
Iron
535
602
46
915
832
669
659
346
8133
774
542
907
442
1,757
240
215
1 828
2
557
2
323
224
348
50
395
"533
357
1.35
497
23
14
244
375
108
191
38
142
18
161
6
24
59
43
3
105
20
134
9
7
235
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
1,067
767
1,494
744
378
698
aso
821
443
1,165
1,100
1,189
205
136
929
470
875'
871
356'
380
558
416
836
407
676
820
1,151 !
164|
888
7471
Knox
Laclede
Lafayette
Lawrence . ...
Lewi?
Lincoln
Linn
Livingston
Alacon
Madison . . . .
Maries
Marion
With Ozark.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
MISSOURI.
717
d
o
o
6
£
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
'1836/
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Tajlor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
CUy,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Burtn.
Dem.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
118
466
106
200
72
#
201
784
150
160
253
110
384
77
185
55
200
689
136J
166|
217
294
384
#_
175
142
450
941
*
*
|
ies
473
132
98
122
436
55
104
167
28
1,112
712
16
157
670
67
328
289
'"228
85
348
116
328
112
613!
857
26
209:
493 i
109
487
286
'"337
162
498
146
208
186
382!
206
252
307
664
*
150
501
4
75
1,10:
704
588
1,055
1,190
599
602
1,162
1,112
340
500!
1,128
714
r 567
128
849
155
485
266
168
631
282
709
298
129
940
70
518
2-12
212
793
247
914
311
1.33
881
*
""154
446
G16
455
112
764
182
149
33
435
142
270
116
417
420
271
577
257
*
443
371
602
246
'"240
457
127
348
778
240
170
I
391
'"206
6 9|
268j
9621
694
264
264
84
'"282
48
73
188
'"347
129
576
325
626
283
216
645
240
175
102
296
66
74
31
289
406
290
462
535 !
278|
276
344
351
167
96
85
284
626
290
277
813
263
166
105
269
37
242
418
286
531
633
275
306
283
ao8
146
225
765
310
418
901
2S7
255
76
316
*
220
552
567
1,122
783
307
690
345
446
59
86
"277
89
ias
484
215
111
266
75
189
675
'"619
304!
233
920
184
164
245!
194i
291 i
762
42
339
87
152
401
225
63
274
98
148
801
42
680
349
396
825
187
144
239
224
248
886
*
389
71
796
326
355
136
552
636
133
81
338
115
351
346
817
365
279
*
452
11
140
280
*
283
299
421
186
1,013
378
969
*
753
901
354
619
'"eii
115
327
367
*
728
169
172
364
210
71
303
168
398
440
249
251
355
117
*
'"894
858
355
310
56
255
184
532
390
408
587
282
321 !
473!
259J
695
161
246
334
196
954
294
311
451
197
852
242
349
511
457
*
711
183
489
298
225
321
374
89
78
138
240
915
170
479
566
230
195
360
231
585
374
479
696
297
373
470
377
820
*
'"380
578
269
198
327
183
576
"403
683
494
351
457
399
500
475
165
204
542
462
93
249
374
152
602
543
235
487
500
275
197
275
208
236
55
100
75i'i 1,046
797
1,017
721
827
534
343
338
* New Counties.
18
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
MISSOURI. — Continued.
[1869.
8
<M
O
1
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
IRcp.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClellan
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Bell,
I) reck.,
Douglas,
Ffflmore,
Am.
Bnclmnan,
Dem.
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
McDonald
Mercer
186
1,066
562
20
754
41
402
164
330
416
26
1,158
555
108
866
158
530
348
99
212
829
""3
111
257
434
597
225
264
9
1
9
3
80
23
1
87
8
45
18
'"22
147
2
258
538
1,842
782
723
1,354
2,174
1,353
1,075
500
1,315
1,085
856
733
305
342
747
1,195
883
2,837
2,930
1,332
450
1,205
1,125
1,701
2,120
246
384
1,515
976
1,154
640
14,805
1,964
973
1,3(54
650
192
1,471
813
226
1,505
427
766
61
417
108
317
387
1,012
603
227
295
236
183
37
219
51
111
207
432
"i,i3i
1,040
412
68
257
534
606
744
82
41
583
210
401
308
6,834
853
287
352
846
14
432
151
3
260
34
91
299
450
224
327
427
762
365
403
234
528
438
324
412
149
119
586
319
' i',iis
1,263
662
268
488
369
595
874
114
306
772
347
541
356
5,534
599
472
632
222
40
373
315
137
553
388
479
Miller
Mississippi
Moniteau
Monroe
Montgomery
686
564
7
759
1,082
493
401
344
221
609
New Madrid
Newton . . ....
Nodaway
Oregon
Osasje
594
156
8
536
1,000
493
980
689
56
147
581
818
441
1,648
764
38
679
O/ark
Pemiscot
Perry
509
879
985
1,143
496
870
105
1,292
292
484
531
7
116
396
263
930
882
5
28
47
194
327
798
20
139
9
37
15
6
4
7
14
1
'"9
4
Pettis
Phelps
Pike
Platte
Polk .. . ..
851
164
1,187
217
217
740
47
433
209
318
200
1,417
555
143
Pulaski
Putnam
Rails*
Randolph
Ra y
Reynolds
Ripley
St Charles
1,509
556
249
233
15,667
587
497
7<54
240
1,141
331
396
611
14,016
393
250
718
240
1,438
223
246
423
14,027
170
546
612
155
394
1
134
217
8,882
98
191
5,33
186
534
1
19
48
9,945
St. Clair
St Francois
St. Genevieve
St. Louis
Saline
Schuyler
14
197
6
2
90
'"as
'"e
Scotland
Scott
Shannon
Shelby
563
222
174
896
204
191
323
117
108
603
57
109
366
111
100
1,074
29
37
216
6
'"52
""io
Stoddard
Stone
Sullivan
Taney
Texas
Van Buren
Vernon
Warren
336
821
396
586
386
747
739
906
1,190
721
883
172
378
487
100
189
302
369
578
287
468
948
788
343
533
346
65
271
239
189
192
121
2
95
28
3
7
Washington
Wayne
Webster
524
359
270
355
357
127
Worth
Wright
541
64
267
58.164
9,640
106,688
Total
*82,107
62,780
72,750
41,072
31,678
104,428
17,028
1-148,497
165,525
48,524
Majority
Aggregate
*This vote is for Governor. The vote by counties for President had not been published np
to the 31et of December, the time of our going to press. The vote for President, as announced
by the State Canvassers, was, Grant 85,671, Seymour 59,788; majority for Grant, 25,883.
tBell received 58,372, Douglas 58,808, and Breckenridge 31,317; Douglas over Bell, 436.
isr>9.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
MISSOURI. — Continued.
719
o
o
IM
O
6
£
65
66
67
(58
69
70
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Boott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor.
Whig.
Cas»,
Dem.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harriscn,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren
Dem.
63
186
62
117
189
760
386
133
93
107
61
11
143
32
67
171
245
194
186
279
168
353
611
265
278
32
323
111
95
372
57
34
213
301
144
76
138
161
807
379
167
323
161
43
7
92
69
183
373
181
466
561
186
342
168
461
148
111
312
113
*
74
*
369
21
317
*
792
359
262
298
189
*
578
232
544
208
665
815
344
167
3G3
178
618
262
494
194
660
280
169
51
317
92
216
*.
'"126
*
"434
*
322
230
389
265
385
228
463
319
319
156
339
262
17
64
173
161
803
910
260
39
104
341
476
483
5
16
• 8
149
250
122
4,298
514
177
216
59
""267
116
17
127
11
95
758
1,060
504
169
121
278
502
618
98
83
598
225
529
165
5,826
443
222
283
97
9
328
177
94
277
168
167
793
1,102
231
124
74
397
607
509
21
14
477
148
285
142
4,827
536
204
131
147
35
175
97
784
1,494
516
241
120
299
508
626
148
154
569
263
274
168
4,778
438
192
240
217
54
263
196
861
900
273
86
*
809
1,386
636
325
732
459
241
196
746
968
800
729
405
415
65
49
80
230
422
5SI6
599
*
332
571
734
400
515
432
335
405
563
122
195
232
151
399
221
31
480
177
301
193
3,688
591
*
266
503
342
234
245
3,329
446
15
586
*
325
459
2
282
70
237
221
170
2,515
375
199
222
1,874
322
144
47
843
135
137
97
681
178
317
258
57
244
115
442
480
271
209
323
*.
'"284
*
'"566
233
69
226
308
31
17
68
170
154
54
82
250
325
185
*
'"36
*..
""257
297
'"443
41
'"268
258
""360
63
301
360
*
153
301
as4
144
351
473
91
336
423
245
364
613
86
341
588
366
342
479
57
348
514
211
150
245
37(i
341
95
167
72
181
97
486
*
29,984
38,353
8,369
68,887]
32,671
40,077
7,406
72,748
31,251
41,369
10,118
72,620
22,972
29,760
6,788
52,732
7,401
11,366
3,965
18,767
* New Counties.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
MISSISSIPPI.*
[1S69.
6
O
*o
6
£
COUNTIES.
1868.
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Bell,
Union.
Breck.,
Dem.
Douglas,
Dem
Fillmore, j Buchanan,
Am. Dem.
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
150
Adams
448
383
525
277
355
788
263
343
538
642
210
538
106
845
156
45
47
88
1,108
626
133
727
25
361
266
96
499
686
353
146
368
676
524
35
1,098
612
162
217
442
259
700
105
221
845
505
299
376
427
1,030
218
791
1,185
421
904
1,071
1,336
157
1,052
391
745
335
250
257
460
1,615
784
104
1,684
316
712
333
264
689
1,034
951
840
690
929
627
298
1,149
1,273
732
684
701
746
551
201
831
1,512
676
693
370
517
173
285
1,456
1,748
122
580
180
180
404
800
919
688
158
3
5
12
54
11
26
76
33
25
41
14
8
401
3
505
440
501
168
263
846
337
390
629
539
226
415
88
709
216
380
364
928
106
840
938
387
522
861
1,127
111
731
387
1,159
342
\ttala
Bolivar
Carroll
Claiborne
Clark
(Jhickasaw
Coahoma
)e Soto
^ranklin
lancock
109
182
1,122
500
114
715
60
372
308
70
489
529
339
129
346
553
575
69
1,250
612
167
207
476
268-
607
113
279
1,121
409
66
137
325
120
176
816
983
44
890
148
'"372
301
716
735
186
414
751
585
76
1,239
326
599
356
236
655
975
863
604
615
801
541
285
1,465
1,065
4(54
427
601
595
561
185
533
1,392
546
442
341
433
89
276
601
1,8(52
4
447
135
71
400
776
848
608
Hinds
lolmes
40
9
6
63
17
18
49
spaquena
ttawamba
Tackson
asper
Jefferson
Tones
temper
69
144
142
g
2
36
17
2
269
49
10
29
57
20
186
6
'"339
11
8
3
5
1
35
254
303
9
83
Lafayette
.lauderdale
Lawrence
jeako
jowndes
Madison
Marion ...
Marshall
Monroe
Neshoba
Newton
Noxubee
Oktibbeha
^anola
Perry
3ike
Pontotoc
Ran kin
Scott
Simpson
136
234
138
266
826
1,412
140
816
201
110
324
299
707
739
Smith
Sunflower
Tallahatchie
Tippah
Tishomingo
Tunica
Warren
Washington
Wavnc
""si
3
76
4
Wilkinson
Winston
Yalabusha
Ya/oo
Total ...
25,040
40,797
15,757
3,283
69,120
24,195
.35,446
11,251
59,641
Majority
Aggregate
* Mississippi did not vote in 1S64 and 1868.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
MISSISSIPPI.
721
a
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
o
Scott,
Pierce,
Taylor,
Cass,
Clay,
Polk,
Harrison,
VmBuren,
White,
Van Burea
£
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
Whig.
Dem.
1
514
442
643
365
755
452
862
438
556
342
2
325
264
426
309
429 351
500
294
307
274
3
318
673
480
653
276 305
272
306
111
87
4
67
38
89
49
55
61
62
44
21
16
5
216
467
6
528
783
885
921
678
742
711
527
292
218
7
270
358
464
358
434
429
538
390
&50
258
8
137
331
211
282
115} 353
124
238
11
102
9
478
718
846
948
336
632
142
204
24
58
10
332
606
642
743
426
624
388
430
91
74
11
159
115
189
130
143
162
181
109
12
272
607
491
587
447
649
571
545
":258
'"464
13
97
303
135
346
98
308
116
888
52
237
14
781
888
836
723
671
709
371
349
67
76
15
158
254
226
249
172
220
186
133
75
189
16
61
114
184
79
62
175
91
125
87
38
17
44
112
157
116
57
127
281
107
27
105
18
156
276
165
172
103
169
19
975
a39
1,206
822
1,199
915
1,207
658
876
559
20
419
484
643
520
578
498
556
318
309
254
21
48
54
85
58
22
402
1,014
567
880
368
825
170
394
16
181
23
13
213
32
166
17
*£16
25
172
t
24
243
422
343
308
210
403
239
268
75
'"36i
25
202
317
382
290
364
383
412
229
297
202
26
38
114
95
135
72
117
56
103
6
25
27
317
511
416
450
291 1 515
326
400
197
1%
28
401
689
730
760
542 1 632
382
366
151
93
29
310 688
474
667
256 631
239
444
11
101
30
97 395
145
438
941 545
123
453
47
429
31
198 335
328
289
190 ! 2:35
145
132
45
68
32
499 745
801
780
644 | 850
620
620
4&5
572
33
440 497
614
497
612
486
691
312
714
282
34
48
207
99
162
68
254
136
175
66
178
35
1,078
1,304
1,306
1,344
1,035
1,184
*1,006
814
*436
352
36
467
971
921
1,062
549
911
452
487
162
477
37
51
248
241
254
156
236
113 164
14
59
38
107
217
184
197
143 270
109
194
21
101
39
377
413
617
667
519 577
514
372
269
312
40
211
344
388
424
241
336;
195
219
72
108
41
427
383
578
341
439
408
332
206
t..
42
94
112
143
69
125
71
110
94
43
143
412
277
398
232
444
314
376
"'92
'"348
44
475
1,030
757
999
384
709
237
329
256
217
45
274
351
356
370
311
406
331
262
248
133
46
98
247
152
273
112| 259
41
108
24
71
47
159
244
236
264
178 800
201
219
81
148
48
85
270
210
287'
94
249
89
179
14
81
49
35
43
33
22
14
50
143
186
206
219
179
218
186
124
171
80
51
509
1,232
981
1,236
692 1.170
681
584
168
245
52
760
1,312
840
1,190
480
1,004
321 i 583
63
149
53
20
34
51
25!
36
24
76 53
3
54
723
494
890 1 478
922
507
1,006
422
525
'"265
55
129! 90!
179
71:
209 i IK
*162
64
56
71
61
97
52'
102
95
94
87
"'24
75
57
271
455
291
441
355
663
148
422
143
58
218
448
307
425
201
475
262
288
75
185
59
549
688
843
846
719
893
739
643
436
411
60
453
559
641
497
578
580
561
360
520
187
17,548
26,«76
9,328
25,922
26,537
615;
19,206
25,126
5,920
19,518
2,523
16,995
9,688
9,979
291
44,424
52,459!
44,332
36,513
19,667
•Unofficial.
46
t Returns rejected.
| No election.
722
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
LOUISIANA.*
[1869.
6
•5
d
fc
COUNTIES.
1868.t
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Boll,
Union.
I? reck.,
Dem.
144
811
750
682
489
648
396
325
530
676
896
175
634
490
377
342
535
527
198
468
214
425
172
381
754
2,645
312
267
626
1,036
420
186
79
331
160
129
961
462
572
164
254
441
726
211
387
147
272
354
Douglas,
Dem,
Fillmore,
Am.
Buchanan,
Dem.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Ascension
1,491
1,387
520
1
1
1
9
28
1,392
150
2
1,554
1,125
1,375
1,345
1,385
1,634
2,895
782
503
786
809
2,952
201
1,260
1,350
1,411
1,213
704
1,398
2,222
1,422
1,796
670
163
1,525
1,375
24,668
1,101
273
896
1,623
934
473
264
1,094
775
556
4,787
1,819
1,456
704
383
1,296
1,416
958
656
433
648
711
279
233
290
293
253
545
24
136
398
439
720
152
364
569
277
240
229
337
984
71
324
249
255
347
534
5,215
340
54
193
620
227
56
68
292
292
176
884
392
567
243
134
440
552
142
112
218
188
257
356
478
134
55
37
276
195
323
296
202
493
25
102
288
411
678
155
296
540
346
183
265
387
937
128
300
231
239
351
420
( 5,858
1 194
260
205
266
584
189
123
67
309
380
196
807
449
541
304
157
397
545
116
142
200
196
157
20,709
479
837
584
706
475
458
296
308
441
448
852
135
510
593
464
264
517
538
122
453
753
391
210
332
588
2,475
151
390
248
521
763
349
122
104
272
172
217
1,103
374
423
227
205
382
623
234
304
147
290
314
Assumption
Avoyelfes
Bienville
Bossier. .
Caddo
Calcasieu
Caldwell
51
58
20
166
5
2
136
131
40
101
109
406
1
509
117
92
47
106
2,998
148
127
71
98
45
39
16
18
108
87
21
88
49
132
84
2S
1
2T
33
241
Carroll
Catahoula
Claiborne
Concordia
De Soto
East Baton Rouge
East Feliciana . . .
1,247
644
Franklin
Iberville
2,088
Jackson
Jefferson
672
La Fayette
La Fourche .
1,617
149
1,453
1
1,915
Livingston
Madison
Morehouse
Natchitoches
Orleans
} M78
as2
1,329
1,553
2.176
2
1
1,335
136
2,161
1,274
Orleans R B
Ouachita
Plaquemines
Point Coupee
Rapides
Sabine
St. Bernard
St. Charles
St Helena
St. James
St. John Baptist
St Landry
St. Mary's
1,142
28
470
1,018
1,541
1
St. Martin's
St Tammany
Ten^as
Terre Bonne ... ...
Union
Vermillion
Washington
West Baton Rouge
585
1,136
43
West Feliciana
Winn.
Total
33,263
80,225
46,962
113,488
20,204
22.681
2,477
7,625
50,510
22,164
1,455
42,873
Majority
Aggregate
* Louisiana did not vote in 1864.
0
tThe above table shows the returns for 1868, as filed at the Secretary of State's office. The
parishes of Avoyelles, West Feliciana, Franklin, Jackson, Jefferson, Orleans, St. Bernard, Sa
bine, St. John Baptist, St. Martin's, Terrebonne and Washington, were afterward thrown out
fora technical informality, making the legal official vote 27,911 for Grant, and 41.358 for Sey
mour, giving the latter a majority of 13,447, and making the full vote 69,269. This cave the
Republicans the Second Congressional District, (the only one carried by the Democrats at the
last election.) The Democrats gain the other districts. Mr. Menard, the first colored Repre
sentative to Congress, was elected in the Second District, to fill the vacancy caused by the death
of Col. Mann.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
LOUISIANA.
("23
6
o
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Soott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
CMS,
Dem.
Cl»y,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Dem.
White,
Whig.
Van Buren
Dem.
296
511
300
172
180
344
34
54
219
2SO
880
121
241
484
342
110
318
174
928
117
076
159
171
196
289
4,663
67
190
151
242
401
237
130
101
209
321
202
692
390
479
254
120
197
435
136
125
220
190
57
360
553
387
313
248
342
221
158
261
310
506
86
288
485
443
192
426
341
943
277
135
337
147
137
407
4,682
161
240
372
364
623
251
120
39,
246
158
160
568
243
298
208
107
37
465
126
258
118
302
138
288
469
299
114
17
281
41
90
268
320
221
188
149
400
349
124
429
127
717
108
739
144
283
178
384
5,551
236
286
359
189
239
285
189
*
264
279
364
218
289
250
218
340
225
50
102
184
159
84
41
59
210
42
69
190
243
196
188
52
325
329
134
253
*
'"434
193
471
100
206
107
452
3,026
103
155
128
194
221
304
375
95
150
399
419
158
235
'"403
399
137
229
198
31
650
2,612
*
300
181
149
235
386
323
96
217
406
394
162
295
193
660
220
161
243
192
101
495
4,579
t
$
u
98
259
114
231
54
66
26
91
'"176
150
63
85
87
49
'"214
296
269
*
113
324
360
*
308
H
204
182|
60
91
262
86
40
36
160
100
26
158
53
100
538
127
147
*.
'667
2,681
44|
207
111
'"eio
1,748
174
676
98
665
168
187
288
383
246
124
135
169
431
228
754
470
456
275
177
a53
307
430
158
255
232
*
176
350
370
543
271
89
35
188
117
128
878
166
240
183
111
129
237
52
190
109
261
106
37
174
419
255
185
96
154
351
142
789
352
479
169
157
265
206
176
127
209
243
206
1,007
175
586
383
84
42
222
181
113
406
142
303
199
108
164
213
104
230
104
308
243
40
147
475
*
iso
250
139
382
99
9
40
175
129
44
51
120
173
69
172
379
183
886
308
463
204
#
'"sis
74
*
91
33
238
37
45
434
87
103
80
10
1
60
45
'"384
142
109
60
25
33
264
22
4
165
63
36
194
20
76
95
50
150
133
253
134'
84
286
37
80
98
183
28
153
17,255
18,647
1,392
35.902
18,217
2,847
15,370
33,587
13,083
13,782
699
26,865
11,296
3,680
7,616
18,912
3,383
3,653
270
7,036
tWithNatchitoches.
* New Parishes.
$ With St. Landry.
I No return.
724
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
MICHIGAN.
[1869.
8
«« COUNTIES.
6
fc
1868.
1864.
18604
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
McClel'n,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Fusion,
Dem.
Fremont,
Rep.
Bueban'n
Dem.
Fillmore,
Am.
1 ' Alle^an
3,556
321
245
2,923
1,176
3,993
2,351
217
43
1,557
1,081
3,268
2,024
3,200
1,926
150
1,861
116
71
1,652
462
2,554
3,035
3,742
1,765
23
46
1,524
24
1.848
' 75
2,743
375
571
3,805
380
360
1,792
2,205
57
215
3.002
3.151
3,398
295
1,464
2:35
4,780
1,604
530
2.041
145
11
1,543
s
1,022
584
2,307
1,465;
8,526
l,435j
'64
124
1,411)
31
1,369
141
2,003!
83'
366
1,725
978
337!
1,796
1,383
43
83
2,909;
2,101
2,966
391
1,247|
146J
3,632i
1,983;
185,
2,177
70 :
135
1,896
82
1,544
28
1,526
1,027
29
2 Alpena
3 \ntrim
'"49
'"i32
14
122
41
'"it
4 Barry
1,901
311
2,620
3,074
4,072
2,068
20
64
1,569
*
2,135
30
2,832
407
496
3,749
1,038
324
2,337
1,558
2,449
1,624
74
89
1,273
1,495
' 1,926
2,608
3,495
1,703
til!
1,358
872
' i',540
1,322
2,151
1,165
' i',034
5 Bay
f> Berricn
7 Branch
3,964
5,048
2,471
59
8 Calhoun
9 Cass
10 Cheboygan
11 C'lippewa
l-> Clinton
2,586
156
8,088
135
4,241
992
1,240
4,891
708
698
3,004
3,503
281
529
4.034
4.073
5,412
377
2,386
437
6,205
2,238
43
2,791
656
51
805
401
775
126
406
2.529
1,520
1.4:33
917
4,738
1,080
227
2.441
3.360
1,308
1,942
161
2,036
198
2,680
167
749
2,113
1,160
477
2,511
2,140
177
360
3.630
2,951
3,839
411
1,641
219
4,623
2,409
119
2,668
282
117
718
241
352
66
217
2,914
833
780J
397
4,442
405
301
1,851
2,761
559
13 Delta
14 Eaton
1,328
168
1,920
198
314
1,719
1,888
1,228
15
15 • Emmet
1(5 Gencsoe
2,635
157
388
3,446
201
' i',849
2,002
' 2,996
2,803
2,931
1,538
243
136
1,408
398
' i',534
1,154
' 2,il8
1,620
2,516
110
2
37
1
' 'S5
22
17 : Grand Traverse
18 Gratiot
19iHillsdale
iO Hou^hton
21 Huron
"22 In^hani
299
2,181
2,231
20
123
3,396
3,230
3,t>47
209
1,838
1,294
41
131
2,596
2,031
2,540
03 Ionia
24 losco
'25 ' Isabella
' ' '-in
50
93
•>6i Jackson
'27 i Kalamazoo
AS 'Kent
29JKeweenaw
30;Lapeer
1,762
' 5,680
2.075
41
2,5:34
126
56
1,222
1,579
995
si
'"itVi
18
'"so
31;Leelanaw
32 Lenawee
'53 Livingston
3,510
2,003
39
2,166
58
67
4,499
1,765
2,779
1,711
.'54 Mackinac
•55 Macomb
2,210
1,845
?J6Manistee
37 Manitou
38 Marquette . .
79
32
77
12
i'O
39 Mason
40 Mecosta
i43
143
58
208
1,659
595
654
406
3,709
356
252
1,345
1,731
753
88;
97!
23'
101!
2,331:
443
366
242;
3,816
177
454!
1.536
1,900
sis;
89
109
*
"157
2,282
565
502
364
4,411
192
331
1,414
1,479
899
49
5
51 Menominee
42 Midland
I '
43
2,165
361
241
207
3,768
158
300
1,217
1,206
396
169
1,777
414
' 4,105
82
43
1,703
265
o
34
7
43 Monroe
44 Montcalm
45 Murfkegon
46 Newaygo
47 Oakland
48 Oceana
3,276
21
71
49 Ontonagou
50 Ottawa
1,392
1,042
803
998
1,222
201
39
17
1
'"36
21
12
4
34
109
205
51 Saginaw
52 Sanilac
53 Schoolcraft
54 Shiawassee
2,406
3.060
3,562
1.623
3^652
4,463
9,207
1,783
2,706 i
2,490
630
2,256
4,496
10,274
1,412
1,808
2,681
798
1,985
3.632
5,946
9,402
1,283
2,063
1,796
401
1,400
3.836:
7,670
2,959 :
1,606
2,589
2.832
'747
2,175
4,286
7,325
1,221
1,955
1,980
350
1,274
3,630
6,701
1,304
1,807
2,324
442
1,710
3,570
5,250
1,105
1,521
1,475
242
1,031
2,8&3
5,777
55;st. Clair
56 St Joseph
57 Tuscola
58 Van Buren
59 Washtenaw ...
60 Wayne
Soldiers' Vote .
Total ..
128,550 97,069
31,4811
1225,6191
91,521 74,6041
16,917 i
1166,125
88,480
28,488
65,057
153.537
71,762
17,966
52,136
1,6(50
125,558
i Majority ... i
! Aggregate
$Bell received 405. and Breckenridge 805 votes.
* New Counties. t No return.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
MICHIGAN.
725
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Fierce, j Hale,
Dem. Free Soil.
Taylor,
Whig.
CMS,
Dem.
V Buren,
Dem.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Birney,
Abolition.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
V Buren,
Dem.
j 547
582
66
274
304
174
323
299
11
257
174
92
j 478
i',6i7
' 1.077
1,784
987
*
it".!!
652
' i',234
1,380
1,824
984
107
'"4i
202
440
95
243
"953
665
1,254
783
381
i',147
1,084
1,487
902
93
'"io8
400
745
191
'"isi
228
' 7i3
644
1,857
760
'"54
255
249
16
128
105
828
888
1,528
715
35
89
226
59
549
543
1,143
670
543;
616;
1,169,
527
3
408
23
m. 360
51
213
43
340
40
283
22
221
46
144
470
"687
221
,417
437
146
19
786
225
356
546
218
410
376
"676
61
337
229
1,145
301
376
823
315
733
183
512
380
91
123
' l",596
391
1,027
1,290
482
958
1,084
2Jo|
843
721
7
179
'780
659
"'992' "'i'28
864 1 302
'
"473
379
"692
608
]
332
477
432
418
4*1
398
45 i
59
254
266
261
219
353
355
1,727
1,374
1,321
1,8401 484
1.257; 411
1,519 168
969
1,010
652
1,547
880
768
"542
1,072
493
337
'"260
1,302
932
476
"399
1,389
828
564
475
276;
33
1,504
954
319
1,1211
744
320
\
m. 213
618
819
142
3G9
i',886
764
51
855
502
2,272
1,030
100
1,359
88
"'22s:
108
'"146
491
413
57
129
2,419
931
38
1,058
*
2,857
1,419
292
1,634
640
133
'"569
2,171
1,128
127
1,340
795
2tfO
'"264
2,177
687
43
963
2,ii8
700
85
982
1,865
842
79
1,124
261
73
558
142
43
400
*
*
I'iia
120
i,582| 169
156 6
800
1,155
398
870
1,283
48
939
1,023
1,147
2
40
2,376
*
#
'363
367
106
*
'M9
852
1,164
80
613
2,274
3,407
104
3,178
' ' 952
'"m
552
1,942
2,781
693
2,225
2,833
377
2,372
2,366
756
694
252
'"584
1,110
1,259
63
771
2,604
4,680
59
73
142
118
269
183
53
47
m. 42
107
"io4
17 !
2
81
89
88
100
65
'52
53
252
34
87
603
368
'281
665
963
"353
2,029
2,544
"426
814
1,011
"509
2,081
3,308
192
82
418
300
569
935
269
617
978
96
27
84
283
517
800
151
446
761
maj.'43
117
917
420
273
2,347
2,345
S50
2,549
2,737
46
386
192
182
2,526
2,246
25i
2,057
2,237
"it*
' i",636
1,578
33,859
41,842
746
7,237
82,938
23,940
30,687
6,747
10,389
65,016
24,337
27,759
3,422
3,632
55,728
22.9.33
1,802
21,131
44,064
4,045
7,332
3,287
11,377
*New Counties.
t No return.
$WithIngham.
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
ALABAMA.*
[1869.
a
*
•A
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
.33
34
.35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
COUNTIES.
1868.
1860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Bell,
Union.
Breck.,
Dem.
Douglas,
Dem.
Fillmore,
Am.
Buchanan,
Dem.
Autauga
1,805
283
3,168
492
851
676
2,210
732
256
'"644
582
611
392
475
621
Baine
Barbour
1,715
613
6
155
857
479
1,445
539
Bibb
Benton
Baldwin
558
275
2,103
724
600
673
461
1,634
1,823
1,274
574
1,443
913
1,155
619
390
957
1,113
896
843
1,241
1,214
1^205
1,779
360
1,107
619
434
869
866
1,305
248
65
129
698
81
488
219
37
144
770
Blount
Bullock
Butler
1,079
364
416
918
527
255
918
2,347
404
1,017
1,706
952
111
54
12
157
223
77
792
443
288
967
455
222
777
1,687
304
1,141
1,537
754
Calhoun
Covinrrton
Chambers
1,105
167
582
256
403
635
925
843
75
39
90
346
7,137
492
1,262
90
202
2,927
3,297
410
Cherokee .
Clarke
Clay
Cleburne
'"706
472
338
394
' ' '936
542
358
878
'"844
158
205
Coosa
802
404
408
301
1,167
643
425
703
Choctaw
Conecuh
Coffee
Colbert
Crenshaw . .
Dale
277
620
204
1,280
833
849
f
339
202
419
676
130
945
831
900
i',056
799
694
Dallas
De Kalb
Elmore
Franklin
715
359
765
902
1,299
696
460
37
157
711
440
784
Fayette
Greene
Hale
Henry
317
1,109
471
966
Hancock
Jackson
539
420
692
378
1,650
355
3,339
2,793
519
1,5:35
58
f
1,581
538
1,312
1,436
1,727
1,177
1,171
1,879
673
2,156
1,196
130
245
525
444
'"368
592
512
144
400
446
197
165
1,034
1,629
1,210
791
1,227
619
854
567
1,760
831
370
706
565
77
576
790
97
196
631
555
1,790
697
699
1,141
Jefferson
Lawrence
Lauderdale . . ,
Lee
Limestone
522
1,007
838
549
591
550
980
441
1,555
1,541
1,184
892
1,581
1,211
993
1,734
325
57
63
545
1,300
222
62
763
133
1,823
46
99
84
16
53
343
281
703
5(57
222
401
469
198
89
1,158
1,771
1,239
824
1,178
669
855
683
790
699
789
808
1,476
604
700
883
1,100
1,838
1,039
808
1,262
1,037
994
1,460
Lowndes
Marengo . . .
Morgan
Madison
Monroe
Marion . .
Marshall
422
6,770
5,200
2,327
3,733
256
531
1,745
678
164
799
632
2,516
1,167
1,771
340
282
104
3,396
284
615
2,319
6,658
1,075
1,336
1,813
1,497
1,230
625
544
839
429
1,469
1,383
1,212
2,083
289
17
1,484
39
Montgomery .
Mobile
Macon
Perry
Pike
Pickens
Russell
Randolph
Sanford
Shelby
570
174
473
1,023
1,091
1,270
103
155
355
40
853
963
682
1,219
1,307
1,451
446
176
833
203
186
240
136
23
74
298
303
24
113
147
468
&3
532
973
896
1,276
146
152
446
14
787
818
703
680
1,134
1,478
4-49
194
813
221
St Clair
Sumter
Tuscaloosa
Talladega
Tallapoosa
Walker
Washington
Wilcox
Winston
Total . .
76,366
4,280
72,086
148.452
27,875
48,831
20,95(i
13,651
90,357
28,552
46.739
18.187
75.291
Majority
Aggregate
* Alabama did not vote in 1864.
tNo election.
1809.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
ALABAMA.
727
8
o
6
to
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
1852.
1848.
1844.
1840.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
CMS,
Dem.
Clay,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Dem.
Tan Buren
Dem.
White,
Whig.
196
' ' '297
238
74
62
55
322
553
471
475
633
591
574
565
609
309
346
918
72
422
1,205
474
566
100
134
614
416
1,272
ias
526
1,113
450
373
149
84
860
596
1,382
120
774
1,028
583
482
137
105
642
478
1,248
118
720
291
297
637
74
480
320
97
287
43
55
345
251
772
277
666
405
710
274
143
341
52
668
242
98
117
616
735
479
248
1,323
630
120
92
689
921
327
148
1,158
356
232
139
936
955
631
188
1,039
377
230
65
678
759
596
27
62
180
386
242
143
294
227
216
113
709
334
287
239
626
883
400
796
316
' ' '541
539
""269
130
55
426
192
231
174
441
142
277
314
88
285
162
386
136
406
440
501
368
860
257
555
618
650
209
864
207
616
722
700
367
1,024
157
672
689
771
457
378
916
42
462
81
694
993
516
655
510
272
1,088
795
841
712
498
153
1,090
1,079
796
819
637
203
1,366
903
819
788
593
580
672
397
96
1,116
"'iis
94
9
83
114
512
441
184
65
1,154
339
5881
803
504
*
'"136
288
663
695
496
367
546
325
391
131
656
772
87
264
469
474
1,751
585
783
919
57
315
649
645
2,147
582
782
987
1,026
538
600
917
89
230
564
415
227
126
450
208
354
264
118
111
717
1,123
772
261
379
568
434
90
662
186
526
482
1,300;
260
467
1,380
658
512
703
752
522
707
374
761
739
361
4(55
479
193
246
1,176
1,319
1,464
826
935
1,044
970
461
833
434
553
335
1,385
216
708
669
1,073
532
631
663
931
577|
770
325
710
726
271
357
567
120
162
1,016
1.403
1,087
169
862
892
736
288
965
678
634
682
1,720
a59
638
875
836
1,347
626
849
768
967
624
747
356
896
842
358
393
646
196
142
1,134
1,481
731
973
653
1,062
691
279
897
522
595
804
1,985
361
535
924
811
1,121
338
825
627
779
404
624
715
316
422
568
1,678
307
300
539
723
866
34
290
304
432
40
56
319
870
523
476
426
447
142
101
943
739
150
827
313
469
154
63
317
44
482
527
372
351
54
52
286
315
455
497
475
672
845
217
65
398
557
150
820
976
869
972
231
72
639
368
456
771
694
820
920
383
85
479
511
46
927
902
633
728
170
273
525
472
644
1,061
961
861
705
442!
279
629
573
42
1,308
1,276
669
412
244
263
778
407
679
1,180
938
788
436
367
277
437
198
464
631
841
413
63
110
166
242
345
26
789
.731
376
98
76
90
60T
15,038
26,881
11,843
41,919
30,482
31,363
881
61,845
26,084
37,740
11,656
63,824
1 28,471
as,99i
5,520
62,462
20,506
4,894
15,613
36,118
*New Counties.
728
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
ARKANSAS.*
[1869.
3
•s
1
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
28
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44.
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
COUNTIES.
1868.
I860.
1856.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Bell,
Union.
Brock.,
Dem.
DougUs,
Dem.
Fillmore,
Am.
Buchanan,
Dem.
Arkansas .
663
+
174
J
555
"'22'
417
422
328
440
204
368
253
500
716
326
374
257
198
426
604
702
633
398
791
231
804
&39
549
244
88
319
55
13
253
36
28
26
28
32
138
52
357
173
20
224
"'75'
343
56
184
157
192
504
147
161
•K "..'..
226
"'753'
398
291
655
165
528
676
408
371
Ashley
Benton . ....
Bradley
Calhoun
Carroll
33
304
920
597
±
466
535
148
623
Chicot
Clark
Columbia
Conway
? 434
486
229
$
309
391
310
Crittenden
Craighead
Cross
Dallas
158
244
404
33
347
t
373
581
337
1,292
343
371
312
560
283
as
60
675
237
893
271
722
600
210
290
474
"'iw'
232
176
286
60
67
779
82
606
51
102
11
396
651
899
513
287
772
666
252
328
762
451
722
524
762
664
780
486
906
"'626'
527
83
301
360
315
929
149
619
294
253
254
663
673
819
55
115
84
44
56
48
208
45
281
128
53
442
14
11
92
"'72'
64
90
50
4
19
82
50
62
77
53
28
12
113
172
218
225
192
116
51
"'415'
131
612
94
436
381
113
120
282
ass
334
377
449
210
"'eio'
478
860
495
591
515
453
170
717
Desha
Drew
Franklin
Fulton
Greene
f
Hemp^tead
1,156
±
654
Hot Sprin"1
Independence
566
136
158
2,258
294
i
677
487
777
517
136
Izard
Jackson
Jefferson
Johnson
Lafayette
Lawrence
L.
Little River
22
415
105
\
267
70
54
Madison
79
126
121
129
45
32
501
44
464
47
73
619
393
188
233
353
132
701
125
526
296
248
Marion
Mississippi
Monroe
543
242
228
561
129
2,676
306
46
77
452
275
3,325
455
48
78
756
110
710
1:35
143
251
467
756
1,026
Montgomery
Newton
Ouachita
Perry
Phillips
Pike
Poinsett
Polk
Pope
Prairie
163
229
566
67
213
98
61
392
236
308
568
393
739
416
40-4
215
303
302
523
498
Pulaski
Randolph
Saline
*'"&
326
384
660
±
663
158
83
431
337
159
197
544
861
414
556
363
276
575
754
416
48
73
117
319
106
281
Scott
Searcy
Sebastian
Sevier :
St. Francis
Sharp
? 385
%"
440
Union
Van Buren
124
60
641
f
1,396
331
95
270
663
248
881
682
757
504
1,028
602
78
51
244
140
516
78
367
201
626
305
917
403
Washington
White
Woodruff...
Yell
477
352
309
533
65
147
383
Total
22,152
3,074
19,078
41,230
20,094
28,732
8,638
5,227
54,053
10,787
21,910
11,123
32,697
Aggregate
* Arkansas did not vote in 1864.
% Vote not allowed.
t New County.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
ARKANSAS.
729
a
0
d
*
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
'28
29
30
31
32
33
34
85
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
4-1
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
1852.
1848.
1844.
184O.
1836.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
CUy,
Whig.
Polk,
Dem.
Harrison,
Whig.
Van Buren,
Dem.
White,
Whig.
Von Burea
Dem.
120
88
91
188
52
124
85
136
140
146
334
180
151
333
118
205
80
t
74
80
93
120
78
82
38
90
227
t
139
146
193
290
124
' ' '261 '
110
223
96
144
351
154
72
245
T
68
191
119
223
43
87
"'si'
"'43'
210
174
158
217
110
153
95
259
236
97
149
345
104
171
457
68
167
385
109
288
565
129
177
335
95
201
347
71
48
119
27
28
109
38
150
185
118
106
18
94
298
125
452
69
292
224
193
148
299
194
199
135
224
77
211
362
269
612
22(5
335
306
384
170
417
203
208
198
265
149
249
' ' 93 '
46
330
178
408
'"235"
177
350
98
291
t...
127
t
55
173
78
146
261
§
52
13
375
141
422
*
' 194 '
195
194
85
239
37
314
120
278
' ' '124 '
130
141
31
112
206
359
237
335
' ' 184 '
147
431
70
267
18
210
55
370
79
107
173
160
43
138
105
251
103
198
174
143
109
324
25
214
"'83'
5
113
15
48
48
40
"'sT
"'iio'
11
134
87
56
50
107
' ' '82'
76
40
44
57
28
8
452
15
383
40
48
17
183
78
285
32
137
23
75
180
50
172
274
137
88
92
111
79
496
33
378
163
132
94
325
170
419
95
277
83
197
283
126
307
87
49
118
113
t
214
49
110
98
63
366
135
21
90
124
253
112
73
44
92
73
35
17
a
571
29
"67
44
17
240
41
438
50
147
61
54
428
30
' ' 133 '
116
59
292
111
455
129
244
180
16
220
&
280
140
184
65
276
238
23
4
' ' 183 '
247
87
130
' ' 263 '
65
"'46'
96
"'93'
29
' ' 241 '
t
171
' ' 308 '
438
59
130
35
528
341
219
167
606
45
142
32
496
252
185
112
maj 50
191
17
52
234
138
81
t...
103
208
195
260
114
99
301
269
' ' 409 '
121
729
123
76
82
197
246
34
18
67
108
884
#
' 326 '
97
' ' 'l66 '
531
' ' 495 '
139
553
95
377
48
635
136
480
60
214
46
378
95
124
23
422
82
173
151
620
46
"'4'
1.33
29
'"io"
622
17
325
137
7,588
186
80
249
* *
7,404
12,173
4,769
19,577
9,300
1,712
16,888 i
5,587
9,546
3,959
15,133
5,160
6,766 1,238
1,606
11.926 :
2,400
1,162
3,638
* No returns. t New Counties. \ Informal. i| With Hot Spring.
§ Vote rejected for infonnality ; the vote was 60 majority for Van Buren. ^ Not formed.
730
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
TEXAS.*
a
«H
O
j[
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
COUNTIES.
186O.J
1856.
1852.
1848.
Fusion,
Breck.,
Dem.
FiUmore,
Am.
Qnchftn'n
Dem.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
Cass,
Dem.
Anderson
113
911
325
612
150
28
7
41 2 !
56
22
I
83
29
45
229
52
175
Angelina
•Vta^cosa
58
120
12
230
t...
87
358;
9
403 1
157
395
Banderah
Bastrop
184
2
102
293
433
33
486
986
23
226
94
243
42
191
Bee
Bell
151
318
f
312
747
26
299
157
804
f
Bexar
189
332
Bosque
49
20
88
74
74
t
64
171
225
56
Brazoria
'"366
43
9
143'
34
83
172
33
Brazos
65
Brown
Burleson
168
76
196
"*ii
123
352
t...
261
141
395
m. 35
40
492
581
19
103
21
235
125
9
t
27
71
6-4
'"99
76
Burnett
Caldwell
m.324
315
104
84
94
Calhoun
86
11
Comanche
Cameron
242
30
329
75
Cass
107
228
Chambers
Cherokee .
198
420
307
1,033
690
513
514
302
1:33
26
845
564
253
284
58
118
603
308
253
239
m.1022
248
58
30
6
5
696
135
92
112
14
110
43
20
14
302
99
68
105
Collin
Colorado
Comal
Cook
Coryell
27
160
115
83
127
591
483
491
69
245
132
108
176
Dallas . ....
122
283
37
57
7
16
t
209
46
81
Denton
DeWitt
Ellis
' ' "43
90
El Paso
Erath
Falls
87
153
m. 475
745
283
528
885
74
238
399
136
114
314
25
135
363
182
260
258
158
557
560
196
341
431
115
93
510
415
323
859!
68
165
31
8
141
2
208
341
86
138
324
74
'"269
198
142
154
88
92
39
t
71
245
175
135
'"76
Fayette
442
24
69
205
Fort Bend
Freestone
Galveston
Gillespie
Goliad . ...
120
647
27
58
47
53
31
34
92
134
186
72
Gonzalcs
215
120
58
53
68
Grayson
Grimes
Guadalupe
Hamilton
Hardin
;;
Harris
m. 600
634
122
449
505
128
77
645
565!
130!
292'
169|
175|
530i
400:
392
93
195
283
21
23
48
468
402
55
18
289
364
12
42
f
443
381
43
68
Harrison
Hays . ....
345
111
Henderson
Hidalgo
Hill
131
238
170
138
88
f
' "
29
46
19
33
116
125
121
90
70
24
11
13
227
161
66
64
Houston
Hunt
196
630
Jackson
Jack
Jasper
88
268
99
49
79
119
issi
109|
186!
103
30
121
53
113
Jefferson
Johnson
131
581
......
jKarncs
* Texas did not vote in 1864 and 1868. t New Counties.
$ Owing to the rebellion, a complete vote by counties was never given.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
TEXAS. — Continued.
731
8
«H
o
£
COUNTIES.
1860.
1856.
1852.
1848.
Fusion,
Bell, etc.
Breck.,
Dem.
Fillmore,
Am.
Buchan'n
Dem.
Scott,
Whig.
Dem.'
Taylor,
Whig.
CaB3,
Dem.
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
9°
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
Kaufman
169
663
63
*
191
Kerr
Larnar
235
61
116
235
103
119
if
555
77
160
337
180
101
57
189
186
358
Lampasas
'"596
Lavaca
110
33
48
40
38
85!
124;
87
176
13
26
68
40
34
142
144
154
Leon
Liberty
Limestone
44
11
550
136
Live Oak
Llano
23
55
Marion
McLennan
200
26
450
232
201
125
43
39
196
293
113
111
136i
211
5
45
*
Madison
Mata^orda . . .
30
2
56
74
42j
119
69
'"38
79
45
119
Medina
41
148
maj.65
Milan
Montague .
Montgomery
113
263
163
182
88
210
179
557
138
300
m. 128i
73
74
79
16
89
21
23
i20
312
111
220
52
39
59
97
20
44
66
*
163
313
56
124
56
Nacooxloches ....
Newton
Navarro
178
572
Nueces. .
Orange
60
*
Palo Pinto
Panola
135
#
458
43
194
Parker
Polk
105
62
262
455
562
458
71
235
37
96
659
80
72
285
288
83
222
1,157
118
182
maj.49'
75
86
157
233
56
177
107
344
Red River
Refuoio
Robertson
io
193
151
1,019
53
242
13
29
95
590
81
158
30
5
202
38
70
5
57
455
181
234
26
Rusk
Sabine
San Augustine
San Patricio
San Saba
21
77
370
17
92
257
467
100
'"255
22
48
117
343
481
48
309
810
374
490
502
551
161
'683
18
223
141
387
654
m. 382
76
Shelby
19
106
99
57
336
144
Smith
Starr
68
11
100
118
3
5
137
76
61
240
370
17
52
361
Tarrant
Titus
190
615
*
123
29
*
296
219
Travis
422
588
Trinity
Tyler
9
529
Upshur.. .
Uvalrtc
10
52
Van Zandt
5
9
72
121
16
17
43
96
228
519
117
59
26
87
119
123
•
68
80
207
373
Victoria . . .
74
160
171
258
474
908
Walker
Washington
Webb
Wharton
20
206
40
26
51
Wilson
Williamson
226
493
m.'sOO
240
11
124
11
307
67
335
39
62
143
16
41
Wise
Wood
15
42
*
Young
Zapata
Total
15,110
47,547
32,437
62,657
15,639
81,169
15,530
40.808
4,995
13,552
8,557j
18,547
4,509
10,668
6,159
15,177
Majority
Abrogate
* New Counties.
732
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
OREGON.*
[1869.
a
•s
1
COUNTIES.
1868.
I860.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
Fusion,
Democrat.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Baker
335
536
673
120
80
228
83
755
343
537
158
659
1,006
1,534
1,280
570
64
313
497
549
592
95
109
162
35
648
355
769
191
775
1,230
1,019
1,162
558
39
557
Ben ton
Clackamas . . .
213
410
68
62
525
504
67
81
Clatsop
Columbia
Coos
Curry
Douglas
Grant
322
813
Jackson
377
253
507
582
598
571
191
11
1,160
580
727
985
666
630
619
21
Josephine
Lane
Linn
Marion
Multnoniah
Polk
Tillamook
Umatilla
Umpqua '
151
147
Union
300
255
507
625
558
354
315
556
Wasco
168
371
415
403
275
435
Washington
Yamhill
Total
10,961
11,125
164
22,086
5,270
8,638
3,368
13,908
Majority
Aggregate
*The official vote for President, in 1864, foots up, Lincoln 9,888, McClellau 8,547; Lincoln's
majority 1,431. We have not received returns by counties.
KANSAS.
a
•s
1
CO UNTIE 8.
1868.
1864.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
McClellan,
Democrat.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Allen .
693
612
1,297
1,443
691
186
243
175
479
*
200
130
934
486
178
93
71
21
265
250
256
735
960
362
39
79
73
37
378
126
3
19
47
Anderson
Atchison
Bourbon
Brown
Butler
Chase
Clay
Crawford
Cherokee
Coftey
637
100
371
194
1,549
2,434
68
159
1,030
341
553
1,268
1,487
617
261
11
256
98
721
600
171
135
319
98
313
724
723
166
307
124
Cloud
Davis
153
42
1,081
1,353
65
20
19
194
Dickinson
Doniphan
Douglas . . .
Ellis"
Ellsworth
Franklin
395
106
300
855
437
23
16
76
178
103
Greenwood
Jackson
Jefferson
Johnson . . .
Labette . .
*No returns.
18(59.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
KANSAS. — Continued.
733
a
o
1
COUNTIE3.
1868.
1864.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
McClellan,
Democrat.
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Leavenworth . .
2,071
1,810
946
52
514
1,250
155
591
708
422
136
613
62
587
i,a5i
348
333
202
368
263
569
2,330
415
110
47
228
557
172
272
409
83
2,139
689
487
1,371
02
69
Linn
Lyon
Marion
Marshall .
260
614
70
341
59
80
98
30
Miami
Morris
Nemaha
Neosho
Osage
Ottawa
167
27
Pottawotamie
300
3
180
450
117
41
52
192
81
628
213
35
Republic
Riley
220
573
50
75
Shawnee
Saline
Wabaunsee
163
93
7
Washington
Wilson
Woodfon
67
285
1,600
35
193
Wyandotte
Soldiers' Vote
Total
30,028
16,408
13,620
43,648
16,441
12,750
3,691
20,132
Majority
Aggregate
NEBRASKA.
<3
"c
0
X
COUNTIES.
1868.
a
o
i
COUNTIES.
1868.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Dem.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
11
15
if;
17
Burt
Butler
325
44
791
53
132
144
61
356
1,939
302
190
74
333
372
21
4
46
143
16
450
29
110
141
52
185
1,567
77
56
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
t25
26
:27
'28
29
Nemaha
Otoe
967
958
488
166
915
*
351
720
43
128
499
Cass
Pawnee
Cedar
Cuming
Platte
Richardson .
Dakota
Saline
Dixon
Sarpy
Saunders
251
158
159
11
469
*
261
78
41
16
153
Dodge
Douglas
Seward
Gage
Hall
Stanton
Washington
Jefferson
York
98
170
2
43
10
Lancaster
Total
9,729
4,290
5,439
15,168
L'Eau-qui-Court
Madi«on
Majority
Agore^ate
Merrick
* No returns.
734
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
MINNESOTA.
8
"o
d
fc
COUNTIES.
1868.*
1864.
I860.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour,
Lincoln,
Kep.
McClellan,
Dem.
Lincoln,
Rep.
Douglas,
Dem.
Breck.,
Dem.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
20
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
86
£
3
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
50
Anoka
421
153
1,749
654
800
274
147
1,024
152
980
285
52
962
326
484
5
372
167
53
575
58
610
4
88
277
' ' ' 677
408
504
150
' ' ' 374
91
324
9
24
10
1
Benton
Blue Earth
Brown
Carver
Cass
Chisago
538
117
379
64
24
Crow Win "•
Dakota
1.612
1,025
563
1,421
2,748
1,211
2,885
47
3,128
1,435
263
201
160
8
1,792
381
106
373
1,313
336
939
2
1,982
29
16
12
1
1,176
760
1,178
325
1,022
580
882
205
22
53
Dod^e
Douglas
Faribault
642
1,642
653
1,866
' 1,711'
796
59
160
1,031
201
688
270
1,610
595
1,352
63
809
188
429
3
24
2
17
Fillmore
Frceborn
Goodhue
Grant
Hcnncpin
1,221
635
24
1,770
594
41
705
622
7
44
3
Houston
Isanti
Jackson
Kandiyohi
\anabec
13
15
3
' ' ' 555
""o
Lake
Le Sueur
878
1,095
495
812
566
Lincoln
Manomin
Martin .
3
520
605
600
118
68
381
1,239
780
24
101
381
285
41
139
74
469
486
190
202
115
51
35
637
505
17
142
84
20
50
' ' ' 214
420
" ' ' 829
4
40
240
166
18
53
42
501
461
5
1,348
6
81
83
1
93
17
194
291
6
404
' '1,107
McLeod
" " 9
Meeker
Mille Lac
Morrison
4
Monongalia
Alower
"'25
Nicollet
Otter Tail
Ol instead
2,369
35
311
1,670
157
273
1,784
479
205
382
1,030
1,137
66
1,307
5
62
1,929
9
67
1,266
1,454
148
704
1,524
503
20
1,849
17
24
' ' " 125'
Pine
Pope
1,233
Ramsey
Redwood
Renville
1,260
' 1,275
396
108
263
427
636
39
1,421
667
1,045
78
559
916
209
5
89
996
529
120
397
438
523
40
7
41
503
642
58
384
482
157
22
3
15
8
38
2
18
12
8
6
Rice
Scott
Sherburne
Sibley
Stearns
Steele . .
St. Louis
Tombs .
Todd
161
1,831
817
1,062
199
2,378
985
35
1,143
518
707
57
2,024
623
23
1,302
418
781
38
1,590
528
31
635
284
502
5
1,032
356
Wabashaw
1,231
304
752
" l",291
572
550
143
422
150
Waseca
Washington
19
Watonwan
Winona
571
188
36
4
Wright
Total
43,542
15,470
28,072
71.614
24.971
7,616
17,355
42.326
22.069
10,149
11,920
748
34,737
Majority
Aggregate
* In 1868 the votes of counties not returned in time for the official statement foot up, Grant
538, Seymour 144. This accounts for the apparent discrepancy in the totals.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
FLORIDA.*
735
COUNTIES.
I860.
1856.
1852.
1848.
Bell,
Union.
Breck.,
Bern.
Douglas,
Dem.
Fillmore,
Am.
Buch'n,
Dem.
Scott,
Whig.
Pierce,
Dem.
Taylor,
Whig.
CMS,
Dem.
Alachua
195
527
5
142
361
Ill
209
maj.15
Erevan!
Calhoun
50
71
13
61
maj.ll
Clay
114
214
57
406
' '3
Columbia
460
462
197
337
284
282
maj. 5
220
155
140
Bade
Duval
Escambia
195
377
61
384
111
346
192
284
392
243
51
97
434
234
96
300
157
40
173
457
145
341
249
177
328
180
101
365
76
431
390
274
202
87
170
27
47
70
73
260
85
3ii
213
163
306
117'
93;
165
59
261
320
311
227
131
m. 190
rnai. 1
39
78
111
m. 257
Frauklin
Gadsden
Hamilton
23
Hernando .
69
111
27
maj .'46
Hillsboro
Holmes
Jackson
462
158
80
282
115
512
487
99
482
Jcft'erson
La Fayette
Leon
1
294
55
63
360
31
210
54
70
414
45
88
454
24
324
222
133
227
27
384!
43;
444
maj.20
279
Levy
Liberty
75
226
75
444
Madison
Manatee
101
188
m. 150
Marion
Monroe
Nassau
99
60
82
179
511
219
291
278
'"i
7
i37
95
48
206
116
29
maj.57
63
maj.25
'"86
New River
Orange
&3
25
75
49
'"334
51
70
198
100
'"266
35
37
97
35
47
140
'"iis
maj.25
'isa
Putnam
65
74
120
211
St. Johns
Sumter
Suwannce
Santa Rosa
145
144
5
'218
"'i59
17
'"aw
"'68
maj.15
St Lucie
Taylor
Volusia
64
88
41
149
72
143
52
169
153
129
Wakulla
115! i~7
61 151
173! 161
90
34
113
i54
109
78
1
165
106
m. 125
86
101
Washington
Walton
Total . .
Majority
5,437i 8,543
1 3,106
t367
14.347
4,833
6.358
1,525
11,191
2,875
4,318
1,443!
7,193!
3,116
1,269
1,847
4,963
Aggregate
* In 1868, three Grant elector? were chosen by the Legislature. Did not vote in 1864.
t Total correct, details incomplete.
NEVADA.*
w
o
c
£
COUNTIES.
1868.
6
o
o
i
COUNTIES.
1868.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Grant,
Republican,
Seymour,
Democrat.
1
2
8
4
5
6
8
Churchill
Douglas
75
966
267
313
488
1,000
50
353
75
118
198
286
343
995
50
353
\ 9
10
ill
1
Ormsby
500
2,319
859
420
1,739
635
Storey
Esmeralda
Ilumboklt
Lyon
Washoc
Total
6,480
1,262
5,218
11,698
Lander
Majority
Aggregate
Lincoln
Nye
* The vote of 1864, for President, as officially returned, is 16,420. Lincoln 9,826, McClellan
6,594 ; L'nion majority 3,232.
736
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
WEST VIRGINIA.
[1868.
8
*5
d
K
COUNTIES.
1868.
1864.
I860.*
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Lincoln,
Republican.
McClellan,
Democrat.
Bell,
Union.
Breckinridge
Democrat.
Douglas,
Democrat.
39
106
24
46
76
407
1
"'fli'
65
119
1
2
3
t
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36.
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Barbour
Berkeley . ...
689
1,009
143
241
489
251
124
99
615
290
189
383
191
127
482
59
1,430
795
203
1,288
630
97
38
1,147
1,672
1,273
89
362
1,518
224
325
89
141
2,329
291
281
190
1,735
435
210
221
768
433
786
58
836
799
198
23
479
405
1.668
178
278
494
85
79
505
148
118
24
418
206
184
19
161
413
385
235
1,078
353
120
940
654
103
87
858
965
1,020
122
280
954
102
95
30
13
2,497
123
310
45
757
291
97
176
387
199
652
137
510
47
84
68
807
309
1,208
76
593
726
293
442
913
121
274
173
316
19
119
143
381
117
"'993'
878
33
894
931
388
959
1,176
as2
910
830
204
227
450
161
285
35
356
241
268
Boone
Braxton
Brooke . . .
464
191
401
Cabell
Calhoun
Clay
73
Doddrid^e
Fayette
Gilmer 1
244
34
Grant
Greenbrier
Hampshire
Hancock
505
1,054
262
355
1,191
500
458
513
604
16
75
85
74
107
61
440
52
247
'"e"
137
108
297
18
163
424
254
1,828
679
174
1,421
649
7
297
"'863'
190
21
26
443
Hardy
Harrison
Jackson
Jefferson
Kanavvha
Lewis .
Lincoln
Loo'an
i',082'
1,470
1,346
"'sii'
770
362
100
569
928
716
443
271
1,337
809
439
432
Marion
Marshall
Mason
Mineral
Monoivalia
1,321
705
622
693
308
35
345
1,202
400
140
163
562
400
230
259
224
237
647
22
315
331
326
66
90
150
832
60
601
520
254
37
152
915
217
166
333
942
327
69
243
544
2(54
575
99
423
589
166
52
607
255
832'
29
757
83
20
Monroe
Morgan
265
McDowell
Nicholas
143
2,138
211
267
48
716
1*3
119
30
239
as
14
143
73
16
26
2-3
197
54
82
5
153
16
56
9
Ohio
2,008
"'215'
Pendleton
Pleasants
Pocahontas
Preston
1,612
338
564
109
Putnam
Raleigh
Randolph
Ritchie
177
673
275
785
56
709
819
50
217
81
349
36
320
60
Roaiie
Taylor
Tucker
Tyler i
Upshur
Wayne
Webster
Wetzel
329
262
1,496
756
209
591
Wirt
Wood
Wyominfr
Total
Majority
29,025
8,719
20,306
49,331
23,152
12,714
10,438
33,590
21,017
21,908
89
5,747
48,672
Aggregate
* Then a part of old Virginia, and this vote is given only to show how these counties cast
their vote at this election.
1869.]
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS.
SOUTH CAROLINA.*
737
5
18
38.
8
18
38.
0
6
fc
COUNTIES.
Grant,
Eep.
Seymour,
Dem.
"8
6
&
COUNTIES.
Grant,
Rep.
Seymour.
Dem.
1
Abbeville
840
2,751
19
Laurens
1 170
1 912
y
Anderson
681
2,169
i20
Lexington
841
1,574
a
Barn well
3 090
2 073
:91
1 749
1 799
4
Beaufort . . .
6,383
675
'919,
Marlboro
1 182
'949
5
Berkeley
93
Newberry
999
2 008
6
Charleston
13,156
4,386
94
Oconee
304
1 091
7
Chester
1,673
1,405
95
Orangeburg
3057
1 998
8
Chesterfield . .
720
960
96
Pickens
323
1 107
9
Clarendon
1,445
781
9,7
Richland
2,476
1 389
1!)
Colleton
3,545
1,147
28
Spartanburg
505
1,965
11
Darlington
1 992
1 478
oq
3 108
1 071
1",
Kdwlldcl
30
Union
953
1,767
13
Fairlield . .
1 995
1 193
31
Williamsburg
1 682
780
14
Georgetown
2,680
265
39
York
1,513
2,043
16
Hurry
404
1 101
Total
62,301
45,237
17
Kershaw
1,482
879
Majority
17,064
18
Lancaster
812
913
Aggregate
107,538
* Previous to 1868, Presidential electors were chosen by the Legislature, excepting in 1864,
when, the State being in rebellion, none were chosen. The electoral votes have previously been
given, as follows, viz. : 1836, to Willie P. Mangum ; in 1840, to Martin Van Buren ; in 1844, to
James K. Polk ; in 1848, to Lewis Cass ; in 1852, to Franklin Pierce ; in 1856, to James Buchanan ;
in 1860, to John C. Breckinridge.
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE BY STATES.
18
38.
18
88.
STATES.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
STATES.
Grant,
Republican.
Seymour,
Democrat.
Alabama
76,366
72,086
Nevada
6,480
5,218
Arkansas
California
22,152
54,592
19,078
54,078
;New Hampshire
New Jersey
38,191
80,121
31,224
83,001
Connecticut
50995
47952
New York
419,8813
429,883
7 623
10 980
North Carolina
92.241
73,600
Florida (by Legislature)
Ohio
280 128
238700
Georgia . . ,
57,134
102,822
Oregon
10,961
11,125
Illinois
250 293
199 143
Pennsylvania.
342,280
313,382
Indiana
176 552
166^80
Rhode Island
12,993
6,548
Iowa
120,399
74,040'
South Carolina
62.301
45,237
30 028
13 620
Tennessee
56,757
26,311
39 566
115'889
Texas (no vote)
33 263
80 225
i Vermont
44,173
12,051
Maine
70 426
42\396
IVir^inia (no vote)
Maryland
30 438
62 357
West Virginia
29,025
20,306
Ma<*eachu setts
136 477
59 408
Wisconsin
108,857
84,710
Minnesota
43542
28 072
Total
3,004,623
2,695,710
Mississippi (no vote)
Majority
308913
Missouri
Nebraska
82,107
9,729
62,780
5,439
Aggregate
5,700,333
47
738
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
STATE LEGISLATURES, POLITICALLY CLASSIFIED.
The figures given are for the Legislatures last elected. In a few instances the election of
members is contested ; when these cases are decided, the result may slightly change the num
bers given.
STATES.
Republican.
Democrat.
Rep. maj.
Dem. maj.
Rep. niaj.
on Joint
Ballot.
Dem. maj.
on Joint
Ballot.
Senate.
House •
of Rep.
Senate.
House
of Rep.
Senate.
House
of Rep.
Senate.
House
of Rep.
"26
"2!
"29
"82
32
21
2a
12
2
16
22
18
81
42
24
8
24
29
82
79
30
131
"37
73
58
55
86
84
9
75
123
1
1
17
9
7
8
22
7
19
5
1
30
12
2
25
2
5
6
'"9
1
4
3
12
15
10
20
13
15
5
6
13
1
50
107
21
16
102
27
43
16
6
91
26
28
86
16
28
9
31
20
6
3
"*8
"ii
12
37
23
"12
27
"36
22
10
69
78
"24
"2!
"31
12
70
78
"49
95
'208
44
29
" 5
"22
100
98
'"27
""26
Arkansas
'"ii
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
26
'"29
"ioi
'"iii
Illinois
42
24
107
101
""ei
122
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
25
86
Massachusetts...
38
27
16
"25
12
15
9
9
17
40
17
9
18
27
25
25
224
72
38
"92
34
S5
194
28
76
82
49
17
62
62
109
83
244
66
39
Mississippi
Missouri
'"5
3
138
32
52
38
56
30
38
8
15
16
11
11
6
29
32
56
40
43
62
"'26
74
'"27
76
113
108
Nevada
'"3
'"4
New Hampshire.
New Jersey
7
New York
North Carolina . .
Ohio
2
30
24
44
'"3
4
'"7
13
'"io
17
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode' Island
South Carolina . .
Tennessee
Texas
3
22
19
25
24
54
94
83
Vermont . .•
Virginia
30
224
15
30
209
::"
239
'"42
41
West Virginia...
Wisconsin
19
19
41
68
3
14
15
32
16
5
26
36
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, 1790-1860.
From 1840 to 1850, the increase of the entire population was 35.87 per cent., and from 1850 to
1860. it was 35.46 per cent. The lowest rate of increase for any decade since 1790. has been
32.67 per cent. ; the highest, 36.45. During the five years following 1860, or in the time of the
late war, the increase in population was much less rapid, and in some States there was an actual
decrease. Immigration from foreign countries was checked during this period, but. since the
return of peace in 1865, it has again increased. The total population for 1860, in the table below,
includes 44,020 Indians.
AGGREGATE
POPULATION.
1790.
1800.
4,304,489
108.395
4,412,884
893,041
1,001,436
5,305.925
181O. 182O.
183O.
184O.
185O.
I860.
Total White
Total Free Colored
Total Free
Total Slave
Total Colored
3,172,464
59,466
3,231,930
697,897
757,363
5,862,004;7,861,937
186,4461 233,524
6,048,450 8,095,461
1,191,364 1,538,038
1,377,8101,771,562
10,537,378 •14,195,095
319,599! 3S6.303
10,856.977 14.5M.99S
2,009,043, 2,487.455
2,328,642, 2,873,758
19,553,114
434,449
19,987,563
3,204.313
3,638,762
26,957.471
488,070
27,445,541
3,953,760
4,441,830
Total . . .
3,929,827
7,239,814 9,638,131
12,866,020 17,069.453
23,191,876 31,443,321
RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS, 1868.
UNITED STATES.
January 1st. Gen. T. W. Sherman was appointed commander of the Department of the
East. — Gen. A. D. M'Cook was ordered to relieve Gen. McKenzie in command of the Sub-Dis
trict of the Rio Grande. — Thirty miles of the Galveston railroad to Lawrence were opened. —
The Legislature!? of Maryland, Maine and Massachusetts, assembled. — Gov. Chamberlain, of
Maine, was inaugurated. — Gen. O'Neil became President of the Fenian Brotherhood.
2d. Gov. Flanders, of Louisiana, resigned, and Joshua Baker was appointed his suc
cessor by General Hancock.— Custom-house and fifty other buildings destroyed by fire at
Indian ola, Texas.
3d. Failure of the dry goods merchant, L. C. Hopkins, in Cincinnati, with liabilities to the
amount of $1,000,000.
4th. The steamer Harry Dean exploded on the Ohio, near Gallipolis ; 5 persons killed and
many others injured.— Post No. 1, Grand Army of the Republic, in Washington, nominated
Gen. Grant for President.
5th. U. S. Military Asylum, at Augusta, Me., was destroyed by fire.
6th. Congress met.— The President was, by a vote of 79 to 28. in the House, Censured for
removing Gen. Sheridan. — The resolution of thanks to Gen. Grant for his letters to the Presi
dent relative to the removal of Secretary Stanton, and Gen. Sheridan's report of affairs in
Texas, was passed by 82 votes to 23. — A bill was passed constituting eight hours a day's work
for Government employees. — Bullock, the new governor of Massachusetts, accepted the decis
ion of the people with reference to the liquor question, and recommended enactments for the
control of the traffic. — The Legislature of Ohio assembled.— Gen. Meade assumed command
ot the Third Military District, consisting of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida.
7th. The Legislatures of New York and Pennsylvania convened. — The U. S. Senate passed
the bill to repeal the internal revenue tax on cotton.— The House passed the joint resolution
authorizing the sale of all the iron-clad vessels no longer required by the service. — The Illinois
Press Association met at Jacksonville. — Formal opening of Pike's new Opera House at New
York.— Great Fenian meeting at Washington. — The House passed a bill to prevent frauds in
distilled spirits.
8th. The Legislature of Wisconsin convened. — The Pennsylvania State Convention of "The
Boys in Blue" met in Philadelphia. — Democratic State Conventions at Indianapolis, and at
Columbus, Ohio.— Gen. Canby issued an order for the meeting of the North Carolina Con
vention in Raleigh, on Jan. 14th.— Gov. Bowie, of Maryland, was inaugurated.
lOth. Secretary Seward announced to the House that twenty-one States had ratified the
14th article of the amendment to the Constitution. — The ship Leibnitz, from Hamburg, arrived
at New York, after a passage of sixty days, during which time one hundred and five persons
died of cholera.
12th. The contract for the iron bridge across the Mississippi, at Dubuqne, was awarded to
the Keystone Bridge Company, of Pittsburgh, Pa.— The thermometer stood 36 degrees below
zero, at Trempelean, Wisconsin.
13th. The House passed, by 116 to 39, a bill declaring that five members shall constitute a
quorum of the Supreme Court, and that a concurrence of two-thirds of all the members shall
be necessary to a decision adverse to the validity of any law passed by Congress.— The Senate
declared, by 35 votes to 6, that they do not concur in the suspension from the office of Secre
tary of War. of Edwin M. Stanton.— Gen. Meade removed Gov. Jenkins, of Georgia, and ap
pointed Gen. Ruger as his successor.— Sardis, in Mississippi, was nearly destroyed by fire.—
R. B. Hayes was inaugurated as Governor of Ohio.— The Ohio Legislature withdrew the assent
of the State to the proposed 14th Amendment ; vote in the Senate— yeas 19, nays 17; in the
House — yeas 56, nays 46.
14th. The Virginia Constitutional Convention declared that Virginia shall forever remain
in the Union, and that slavery is forever abolished in the State.— Gen. Grant relinquished the
739
740 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
office of Secretary of War to Secretary Stanton, who entered again upon the discharge of his
duties. — The Conventions of North and South Carolina met; also the Legislatures of New Jer
sey and Iowa. — Judge Thnnnan was elected U. S. Senator for Ohio.
15th. Gen. Pope was assigned to the command of the Department of the Lakes, with head
quarters at Detroit. — The Iron Mountain railroad was taken possession of by Gov. Fletcher, in
the name of the State of Missouri.— The Connecticut Republican State Convention met at
Hartford.— The Louisiana Republican State Convention nominated II. C. Warmouth for Gov
ernor, and Oscar J. Dunn (colored) for Lieut. Governor.— The Legislature of Kansas met ; Miss
Emma Hunt was elected enrolling clerk of the Lower House.
16th. The Senate passed the Deficiency bill.— Meeting of the delegates of the National
Convention of the Grand Army of the Republic, in Philadelphia, Gen. Sickles occupying the
chair; it recommended Gen. U. S. Grant for the office of President of the United States ; Gen.
Logan was elected commander- in-chief. — Gov. Merrill, of Iowa, was inaugurated. — Win. T.
Hamilton was elected U. S. Senator of Maryland. — The Republican State Convention of Arkan
sas nominated P. Clayton for Governor.
17th. Consolidation of the Columbus and Indiana Central, and the Chicago and Great West
ern railroads as the Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central Railroad Company. — The last rail
was laid on the Union and Logansport railroad, now forming part of the Columbus and Indiana
Central Railroad, and being the shortest connecting link between the Eastern and Western
cities.— O'Hara (colored), was elected engrossing clerk by the North Carolina Constitutional
Convention.
2Oth. The Florida Convention assembled.
21st. The House of Representatives passed the supplement to the Reconstruction bill
by 123 to 45. — The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad bridge was completed at
Des Moines. — The Supreme Court resolved to advance the McArdle case, involving questions
ponnected with Reconstruction, so as to place it in position on the calendar to be reached on
the 1st of March.
23d. Gen. Ruger rescinded Gov. Jenkins's order suspending the collection of taxes in
Georgia.— The Mississippi Convention declared that the General Assembly shall never assume
or pay any obligation contracted or incurred in aid of the Rebellion, and that it shall have no
power to make any compensation for emancipated slaves.
24th. The Spanish Minister of War ordered 50,000 American breech-loading rifles.—
Senator Morton delivered a speech in defense of the Congressional policy of reconstruc
tion.— Gen. Grant asked President Johnson to put in writing several instructions previously
given to him not to obey any order from Secretary Stanton, unless he knew that it came from
the President,
25th. Six persons wrere killed, and five others injured, near Fort Wayne, Ind., by the explo
sion of a can of coal oil. — The steamer Emerald was sunk at Tuuca, about 15 miles below the
mouth of Red river; four ladies were drowned.
26th. The Mexican (Imperialist) Gen. Marquez, arrived at New Orleans, having escaped
from Mexico in disguise.
27th. Gen. Meade removed Barret. Secretary of State of Georgia, for refusing to recognize
the authority of the district commander.— The House passed the bill to prevent the payment of
certain claims arising out of the Rebellion, by yeas 86, nays 53.
28th. Terrible fire at Chicago.
29th. The Senate passed a bill providing for the sale of iron-clads.— The Academy
of Music was destroyed by fire at Albany, New York.— The President instructed Gen.,
Grant, in writing, not to obey any order from the War Department, unless authorized by
the President.
3Oth. The Iowa Senate passed the bill granting to the U. S. Government right of way for a
ship canal around the lower rapids of the Mississippi, on the Iowa side.— The Connecticut
Democratic State Convention at New Haven, re-nominated Gov. English.— Gen. Grant recog
nized orders issued from the War Department, by direction of the President, as authorized
by the Executive.
31st. The President reproached Gen. Grant for having vacated the office of the War Depart
ment without having given him notice of his intention to do so. — The report of the Committee
of Conference on the cotton tax bill, was adopted by the House.
February 1st. Eighteen prisoners escaped from the jail at St. Joseph, Mo.
2d. The steamer Sherman was destroyed by fire.
3d. Riot at Fayetteville, Tenn.— Gen. Grant reasserted the correctness of his statements,
that he accepted the appointment of Secretary of War ad interim, to prevent the appointment
I860.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 741
of one who, by opposition to the Reconstruction laws, would embarrass the army in the per
formance of duties' imposed upon it by the laws.
4th. The Louisiana Convention adopted the clause relating to "mixed schools" by an almost
unanimous vote. — There were 8,114 less than half the registered vote of Alabama cast for the
Constitution.— The anti-contraction bill became a law by the expiration of ten days' time al
lowed for vetoing it by the President. — The Minnesota House passed a bill making eight hours'
labor a day's work for women, and children under 18 years of age.
5th. The Senate passed a bill authorizing the Secretary of War to employ counsel to defend
Generals, or other persons entrusted with reconstruction, in cases brought against them for
their acts under the Reconstruction laws. — The House agreed to the same and passed the bill
forfeiting certain railroad land-grants in the Southern States, by yeas 86, nays 73. — The Georgia
Convention passed the relief clause, by a vote of 82 to 45.— The New York Republican Conven
tion instructed their delegates to vote for Grant for President. — The National Commercial Con
vention met at Boston.
6th. The Senate adopted a joint resolution to send naval officers to the Havre Maritime
Exhibition. — The Ohio House adopted resolutions in favor of the repeal of the Congres
sional Reconstruction Acts, and denouncing the pending supplemental Reconstruction and
Supreme Court bills. — The Kansas State Senate passed an act allowing persons, without
regard to sex or color, to practice law in all the courts of that State, if possessed of the
requisite qualifications.
7th. The House passed the bill restoring to the market lands along the line of the Pacific
Railroad. — The "Society of the Army of the Cumberland" met at Cincinnati.
8th. A destructive fire in New York; loss $500,000.
9th. Thermometer 51 degrees below zero at Sparta, Wis.
lOth. The House rejected, by 77 yeas to 97 nays, a resolution declaring that the Capitol
ought to be removed to the valley of the Mississippi. — The Supreme Court of the United
States declared unanimously that the petitions to restrain President Johnson, and certain
specified army officers from the execution of the Reconstruction laws in Georgia and Mis
sissippi, should be dismissed, the issue being purely political, and therefore not within the
jurisdiction of the Court. — The House passed, by a vote of 85 to 45, a bill for the construction
of the bridge across the Mississippi, at Rock Island.— President Johnson, in reply to Gen.
Grant's letter of February 3, reasserted the correctness of his position in the controversy with
Gen. Grant, by submitting letters of his Cabinet.
1 1th. The Minnesota House passed a bill leaving capital punishment for murder at the dis
cretion of the jury. — Gen. Grant disclaimed in his reply to President Johnson, any intention of
disobeying any legal orders of the President.
12th. The President, formed a new Military Division, consisting of the Departments of the
Lakes, of the East, and of Washington, and appointed Lieut. Gen. Sherman to its command.
It is called the department of the Atlantic. — Gen. Sheridan was ordered temporarily to com
mand the Division of Missouri.
1 3th. The President nominated Lieut. Gen. Sherman General by brevet. — The Deficiency bill
became a law without the President's signature. — The California Legislature passed the bill
making eight hours a legal day's work. — The Supreme Court confirmed the constitutionality of
the act of 1865, taxing the shares of National Banks. — Gen. L. Thomas was reinstated as Adjutant-
General of the army.— The North Carolina Convention passed an ordinance allowing every man
to practice law without regard to race or color.
14th. The New York ^Assembly repealed the Excise law by a vote of 65 to 40.— The South
Carolina Convention adopted a provision recognizing public and political equality without dis
tinction of race or color.— The Georgia Convention passed a franchise bill by a vote of 114 to
16. — The Mississippi Convention gave all persons, irrespective of color or sex, the elective fran
chise. — The new constitution passed the Arkansas Convention by a vote of 45 to 21. — Election
ordered.— Lieut. Gen. Sherman requested that the Senate do not confirm the brevet of General
conferred on him by the President.
16th. The American Theatre, at San Francisco, was destroyed by fire.
17th. Terrible explosion and destruction of a steam-tug in New York harbor.
18th. The House of Representatives passed, by 114 to 39, a joint resolution appropriating
$50,000 for relief of Americans imprisoned abroad. — Meeting of the Woolen Manufacturers' Asso
ciation of the North-West, in Chicago. — The Senate passed the bill for the reduction of the army.
19th. The New Jersey Senate adopted a resolution withdrawing ratification of the 14th
amendment.— The U. S. Senate refused to admit Philip F. Thomas, Senator elect from Maryland,
upon the ground of disloyalty during the Rebellion.
742 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1SCO.
2Otll. The Indiana Republican State Convention rcnominated Gov. Baker. — The President re
voked the assignment of Gen. Sherman to the command of the Atlantic Department. — The New
Jersey House concurred in the action of the Senate withdrawing the consent to the 14th amend
ment.
21st. The President issued an order removing Secretary Stanton from the War office, and
authorizing Gen. L. Thomas to act as Secretary of War ad interim. — A committee from the Sen
ate urged Stanton to hold his position, which he agreed to do until action be taken by the Senate
in the matter. — Stanton retained personal possession of the office. — A resolution of the Senate,
passed by a vote of 28 to 6, was delivered to the President, to the effect that, under the consti
tution and laws, the President had no power to remove the Secretary of War, and to designate
another to perform his duties, and that the Senate disapproved the action of the President. —
The President nominated Gen. George H. Thomas to be Lieut. General and General by brevet ;
also George B. McClellan as minister to England.
22d. Justice Cartter, of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, issued, upon the
complaint of Secretary Stanton, a warrant of arrest against Adj. Gen. Thomas for violation of
the tenure of office bill. — This warrant was executed, and Thomas was released on $10,000 bail.—
Secretary Stanton refused to give possession of his office to Gen. Thomas. — The Reconstruction
Committee adopted, by a vote of 7 against 2, a resolution of impeachment against the President
for high crimes and misdemeanors. — Imprisonment for debt in Georgia was prohibited.
23d. The Kentucky Domocratic State Convention nominated Stevenson for Governor. — Gen.
Geo. H. Thomas declined the nominations of Brevet Lieut. General and General, presented by
the President.
24th. The House resolved, 126 to 47, that " Andrew Johnson, President of the United States,
be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors." — President Johnson sent a message to the
Senate vindicating his position. — Gen. Thomas made another demand upon Secretary Stanton
for possession of the War office. — Gen. L. Wallace was ordered to Washington. — The President
nominated Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, as successor to Secretary Stanton.— The North Carolina
Convention adopted the Bill of Rights.
25th. The Committee of the House appointed a sub-committee, consisting of Boutwell,
Stevens, Bingham and Wilson, to take evidence and prepare articles of impeachment. — Bing-
ham and Stevens, in behalf of the House, informed the Senate and presented the action of the
House in regard to impeachment of President Johnson. — Gov. Ward vetoed the resolution of
the New Jersey Legislature rescinding its ratification of the 14th amendment.— The Florida
Convention adopted the new constitution.
26th. The sub-committee met Gen. Emory, commanding the District of Washington, who
testified to an attempt on the part of the President to induce him to receive orders directly from
the President instead of from Gen. Grant.— Gen. Thomas appeared before Judge Cartter to
answer the charge of Secretary Stanton of having violated the tenure of office law ; he was
discharged from arrest, and began a suit in the District Court against Secretary Stanton fur
false imprisonment and malicious prosecution, setting his damages at $150,000. — Secretary
Stanton passed his entire time, day and night, in the Department of War, before the doors of
which a guard was placed. — An amendatory Reconstruction bill passed the Senate and the House.
It provided that any election in the Southern States should be decided by a majority of 11. e
votes actually cast. — The Mississippi Convention adopted a clause prohibiting property or ei.u-
cational qualification for electors.
28th. The Impeachment Committee completed the articles. — The New York Constitutional
Convention adopted a proposed state constitution by &4 to 31. — The Senate passed a bill relative
to captured and abandoned property.
29th. The impeachment articles were reported to the House ; they consisted of nine art i-
cles, alleging violations of the tenure of office law, of the conspiracy act, and high misdemeanors
in having attempted to corrupt army officers and lead them to act in disobedience to the laws. —
The chemical manufactory of Powers & Weightman, in Philadelphia, the largest in the United
States, was destroyed by fire.
March 1 St. Very severe snow storm throughout the North and West.
2d. The Senate adopted a code of procedure for an impeachment trial. — The House adopted
nine articles of impeachment, (the first by a vote of 126 to 41). — The Louisiana Convention
adopted the new constitution, by a vote of 64 to 6. — The South Carolina Convention provided
for a complete free school system throughout the state. — The House appointed seven managers
of the impeachment trial.
3d. The House of Representatives adopted an additional article of impeachment presented
by Benjamin F. Butler, and another proposed by John A, Bingham.
1839.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. . 743
4th. An avalanche in Sierra City, California, buried 17 men beneath the snow. — The articles
of impeachment were presented to the Senate by the managers.
5th. The Senate organized as a Court for the trial of President Johnson on the articles of
Impeachment.— Chief Justice Chase took the required oath.— The New Jersey State Seriate
passed the joint resolution withdrawing the consent of the state to the ratification of the 14th
amendment over Gov. Ward's veto, yeas 11, nays 9.
6th. The North Carolina Convention authorized the Legislature to pass an ordinance com
pelling all persons to send their children between the ages of five and eighteen years, to public
schools for sixteen months, when unable to educate them otherwise. — The Virginia Convention
adopted an article which gives suffrage to all males over twenty years of age. — The South
Carolina Convention made education compulsory. — George Vickers was elected U. S. Senator
of Maryland.— The Senate passed the Pension Appropriation bill. — In the Louisiana Convention
the new constitution was signed.— The President was summoned to appear before the Court of
Impeachment on the 18th of March.
lOth. Harriman (Rep.), was elected Governor of New Hampshire.— The House passed the
bill to abolish the tax on manufactures— yeas 122, nays 2.
llth. The Georgia Constitutional Convention adopted the constitution as a whole, by
a vote of 112 to 14. — Congress was requested to pass such laws as will remove political
disabilities from all the citizens of Georgia, by yeas 120, nays 26.— The Mississippi Conven-
'tion adopted the Bill of Rights.— J. Ross Browne was confirmed minister to China, and Tuck-
erman minister to Greece.— Election ordered in Louisiana.— The act declaring that any election
authorized in the former rebel states shall be decided by the majority of the votes actually cast,
became a law, by lapse of time, the President not having signed or returned it within ten days.
— The Senate passed a bill amending the Judiciary act of ITS!). — The Pennsylvania Republican
State Convention unanimously nominated Gen. Grant for President. — The Illinois Industrial
University at Champaign was opened. — The Republican State Convention of New York met at
Albany. — The South Carolina Republican State Convention nominated Robert K. Scott for
Governor.
12th. Attorney General Stanberry resigned his office, having been selected by President
Johnson to manage the defence in the impeachment trial.— The trial of Jeff. Davis was postpon
ed until April 14th.
13th. The President asked forty days' time for preparing his answer to the articles of im
peachment.— The Senate extended the time until March 23.
14th. Election ordered in Georgia.— Election held in Arkansas.— Gen. Grant directed Gen.
Thomas to call for all troops he may want in Tennessee.
16th. Election ordered in Florida. — Avcrysevei%e equinoctial storm prevailed throughout
the North West ; considerable loss of life and great damage done to property.
18th. The House agreed to the report of the Conference Committee on the Consular and
Diplomatic Appropriation bill. — The Republican State Conventions of New Jersey, Vermont
and Michigan endorsed Congress, and favored the nomination of Gen. Grant for President.— The
steamer Magnolia was blown up 12 miles above Cincinnati ; 100 lives lost.— The Senate passed
the bill to exempt certain manufactures from internal taxation, by 36 to 3. — The House passed
the bill providing that in case of the death or removal of the Chief Justice, the senior Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court shall perform the duties of Chief Justice.— The bill providing for
the continuance of the Freedmen's Bureau for one year was passed, by yeas 96 to nays 37.
2Oth. The Senate proposed a bill authorizing the Peace Commissioners to conclude a treaty
of peace with the Navajo Indians.— The California Assembly rejected the 14th Amendment by
a vote of 46 to 24.
21st. The Indians committed depredations in New Mexico.
23d. The High Court of Impeachment for the trial of President Johnson was opened.— The
answer of the President to the articles of impeachment was filed.— The counsel for the Presi
dent asked for a delay of thirty days.
24th. Gen. Buchanan was assigned to the command of the 5th Military District, in the place
of Gen. Hancock, recalled.— The impeachment trial was ordered to proceed March 30.
25th. The House passed the bill exempting certain manufactures from taxation.— The
Kansas Republican State Convention met at Topeka. — The New Jersey House passed the res
olution withdrawing the consent of the State to the 14th Amendment, over the Governor's
veto— yeas 45, nays 13.
26th. The Senate passed the Habeas Corpus Appeal bill over the veto of the President by a
vote of 33 to 9 ; they also ratified the treaty between the United States and the North German
Confederation, recognising the rights of naturalized citizens, by a vote of 32 to 8.
744 THE AMERICAN TEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1809.
27th. The President's veto of the Supreme Court bill was read in the llcmso, and the bill re-
passed by a vote of 112 to 34. — The House agreed to the report of the Conference Committee on
the Manufacturers' Tax Exemption bill. — The Pacific railroad was completed to the highest
summit on the route. — The New England Methodist Conference, Boston, passed resolutions in
dorsing impeachment.
28tli. The House passed by a vote of 102 to 29, the Alabama bill providing for a provisional
government of the State until the Constitution be again submitted to the people. — Gen. Han
cock was assigned to the command of the military division of the Atlantic. — A new indictment
was found against Jeff. Davis by the U. S. Grand Jury, at Richmond.
3Oth. The House declared, by 80 to 17, the joint resolution of the New Jersey Legislature
withdrawing its consent to the Constitutional Amendment to be disrespectful to the House,
and scandalous in character, and directed it to be returned.— Butler, of Massachusetts, opened
in the Court of Impeachment, the prosecution on the part of the managers. — A supplementary
Reconstruction Act was promulgated. — G. A. Ashburn, member of the Constitutional Conven
tion, was assassinated at Columbus, Georgia.
31st. At the Diamond mine, Scranton, Pa., by the breaking of a chain, 17 men were pre
cipitated to the bottom of the shaft, 185 feet, by which accident 12 were killed outright, and the
rest severely injured.
April 1st. The State election in Rhode Island resulted in the election of Gen. Burnside ,
(Rep.) for Governor.
2d. The New York State Senate organized as a Court of Impeachment for the trial of Canal
Commissioner Dorn.— Jen". Davis' trial was postponed.
3d. The newly elected Legislature of Arkansas met and organized. — The lower branch of the
Arkansas Legislature unanimously adopted the 14th Amendment.
4th. The case for the prosecution in the Court of Impeachment was substantially closed. —
Henry H. Wells was appointed Governor of Virginia by Gen. Schofield.
6th. The election for State officers in Connecticut resulted in a democratic majority. Gov.
English being elected. — The new Constitution for Michigan was defeated. — The Arkansas Sen
ate ratified the 14th Amendment. — Gen. Meade issued orders for the suppression of the Ku-
Klux-Klan and other incendiary organizations in his District.
8th. The Senate passed a bill relative to the qualification of jurors. — The corner stone of
Booth's new theater was laid in New York. — Sergeant Bates, who had walked from Vicksburg
with the U. S. flag, and without money, arrived at Richmond.
9th. The counsel for the President opened the argument for the defence in the Senate.--
The steamer Sea Bird was destroyed by fire on Lake Michigan, off Waukegan, one hundred lives
lost, only two persons saved.
13th. Gen. Meade ordered a new election in Georgia.
14th. The steamer Lexington was blown to pieces near Vicksburg. Miss., during a severe
storm. — The election in South Carolina resulted in a majority of over 40,000 votes for the new
Constitution and the Republican State ticket.
15th. The impeachment trial resumed. — Serious accident near Port Jervis, on the Erie rail
road ; many lives lost. — Several vessels destroyed by fire at Detroit.
16th. Messrs. Rice and McDonald elected U. S. Senators for Arkansas.
1 7th. The Reconstruction Convention of Virginia adopted the new Constitution. — The Con
stitution of Louisiana ratified by popular vote ; H. C. Warmouth (Rep.) elected Governor, and
Oscar J. Dunn, (colored,) Lieutenant Governor.
2Oth. The evidence for the defence and for the prosecution in the Impeachment trial
closed.— The election in Texas showed 43,142 for the Convention, and 11,246 against it.— Election
in Georgia ; for the Constitution, 89.007 ; against it, 71,309.— Election in North Carolina ; for the
Constitution, 93,118; against it, 74,009.
23d. Extensive fire in St. Louis, destroying over a million dollars of property.— Charles
Dickens left the United States.
24th. The Delaware Republican State Convention declared its preference for Gen. Grant for
President.— The President withdrew the nomination of Ewing as Sec. of War, and substituted
Gen. Schofield.— Gen. Ord was assigned to the command of the Department of California.— Re
newal of the bail bond of Jefferson Davis.— A treaty of peace concluded at Fort Laramie, Dako
tah Territory, with the Sioux Indians.
25th. Thirty-three persons killed and wounded by an accident on the Pittsburgh and
Alleghany railroad.
28th. Three large breweries at Houston, Texas, valued at $300,000, seized and libelled by
the special Agent of the Treasury Department.
1S09.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 745
May 1st. The propeller, Gov. Cnshman, exploded in Bufl'alo ; several persons killed or
wounded.
3d. Terrific tornado at Shanghai, near Galesburg, Illinois ; 2 churches unroofed, 14 houses
blown down, 4 persons killed and 40 injured.
4th. Bingham commenced the closing argument on the part of the prosecution in the Im
peachment trial. — Election in Florida resulted in a majority for the adoption of the Constitution
and the Republican State ticket.
5th. The American Medical Association met at Washington.
6th. The Illinois Republican Convention declared for Gen. Grant for President, and nomi
nated John M. Palmer for Governor.— The argument in the Impeachment trial closed by Bingham.
7th. The House adopted a joint resolution requesting the President to send a sufficient num
ber of vessels of war to the fishing grounds in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, adjacent to the British
Provinces, for the purpose of protecting American vessels in the exercise of their rights.— The
Iowa Republican Convention favored the nomination of Gen. Grant for the Presidency.
8th. The House passed the bill providing for the admission of Arkansas by yeas 110, nays 32.
12th. The National Fenian Congress met at Syracuse, N. Y.
13th. The Criminal Court of the District of Columbia refused to admit John H. Surratt to
bail, and he was remanded.
14th. The bill providing for the admission of North and South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana
and Alabama, passed by yeas,108 ; nays, 35.
15th. The new Constitution of Mississippi signed by the members of the Convention.
16th. The Court of Impeachment directed that the vote be taken on the llth article first; the
vote resulted— for conviction, 35, (all Rep.); for acquittal, 19, (12 Dem., 7 Rep).— The House
adopted by 88 to 13, the resolution that the Managers be allowed to investigate whether corrupt
means had been employed to influence votes on the impeachment question in the Senate.
19th. Election ordered in Mississippi.
2Oth. The House agreed to the request of the Impeachment Managers that Chas. W. Woolley
of Cincinnati be brought to the bar of the House.— The National Republican Convention met
at Chicago ; Carl Schurz, of Missouri, appointed temporary chairman-, Ex-Governor Hawley,
of Connecticut, elected chairman.
2 1 St. The Senate adopted the resolution to appoint a select committee of three to investigate
whether improper means had been used to influence Senators in their consideration of the Im
peachment articles. — Gen. U. S. Gi-ant was unanimously nominated in Chicago as the Republi
can party's candidate for President, and Schuyler Colfax, Speaker of the House, was nominated
for the Vice-Presidency, on the fifth ballot.
22d. Arrival of the Chinese Embassy in New York.— The Union Pacific Railroad opened to
travel 600 miles west from Omaha.
24th. Extensive fire in New York, destroying property to the amount of $500,000.
26th. The Impeachment trial concluded. The vote on the 2d and 3d articles was 35 to 19.
The Impeachment on these articles having failed, the High Court adjourned sine die. — Secre
tary Stanton relinquished charge of the War Department. — Gen. Thomas assumed the duties
of Secretary of War.
27th. The House passed a bill for the prevention and punishment of frauds in the revenue,
and for the prevention of smuggling.
28th. The House passed a bill regulating the inspection and appraisement of imports.
29th. Gen. Grant formally accepted the nomination of the Chicago National Convention.—
The graves of Union soldiers in the cemeteries throughout the country decorated with flowers
by the Grand Army of the Republic.— Heavy shocks ot earthquake in Sacramento and Virginia
City.
3Oth. A treaty concluded between the U. S. Government and the Osage Nation.— Schuyler
Colfax accepted the nomination for Vice-President.
June 1st. The Senate passed resolutions of thanks to Ex-Secretary Stanton, for his con
duct both in war and peace, by a vote of 37 to 11.— Gen. Schofield confirmed and installed as
Secretary of War.— The Ohio Supreme Court decided that the bill disfranchising persons having
a visible admixture of colored blood is unconstitutional.— Gen. Stoneman appointed to the
command of the First Military District.— The National Topographical Union met at Wash
ington.— A call was issued for a formation of the Society of the Army of the Potomac to coop
erate with the societies of the Tennessee, Cumberland, Ohio and Georgia.— Henderson's motion
thanking Chief Justice Chase for his conduct during Johnson's Impeachment trial rejected by a
vote of 11 to 30 in the Senate. — The bill admitting Arkansas passed the Senate by a vote of 34
to 8.— The Texas Reconstruction Convention met at Austin.
746 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
2d. The Chinese Embassy formally received by the Secretary of State.— Gen. Stoneman as
sumed command of Virginia.
3d. The Senate passed the bill to provide for a temporary government for the Territory of
Wyoming.— The National Board of Trade met in Philadelphia.— Callicott sentenced, for whis
ky frauds, to imprisonment and fine. — Jeff. Davis' trial postponed till November.
4th. Gen. McDowell assumed command of the Fourth Military District (Mississippi and
Arkansas). — Ex-President Buchanan buried at Wheatland.
5th. The Senate passed the bill providing that any contract hereafter made which specifies
payment to be made in gold shall be legal and may be enforced.— Burlingame and the Chinese
Embassy received by the President.— The steamer Thompson Dean, the largest on the Western
or Southern rivers, was launched at Cincinnati.
6th. The Senate agreed to the report of the Conference Committee on the Arkansas bill.
9th. The Chinese Embassy formally received in the House of Representatives.— William
Sprague elected U. S. Senator of Rhode Island.— The House of Representatives passed the bi'.l
for the installation of officers and the meeting of Legislatures in the Southern States by a vote
of 113 to 31.— The Florida Senate ratified the 14th Amendment.
lOth. The Senate passed the bill for the admission of the Southern States, with only five
negative votes.— The House passed the bill authorizing a contract with a New York Steamship
Company for the transportation of mails and emigrants between New York and a port in
Europe.
1 1th. The House ordered the release from custody of Woolley, he having purged himself
from contempt. — The New York Senate, as a Court of Impeachment, acquitted Robert C. Dorn,
Canal Commissioner, on all charges preferred against him. — The Senate, by a strict party vote,
passed a bill continuing the Freedmcn's Bureau for another year.— The steamboat Ocean Wave
took fire and burned to the water's edge at Dubuque, Iowa.— Very destructive fire atMarquettc,
Mich. ; over 100 buildings burned, and $1,000,000 property destroyed.
12th. Reverdy Johnson confirmed as Minister to England. — The House agreed to the
Senate's amendments to the Southern Restoration bill, by 111 votes to 28.
15th. The House passed the resolution allowing civil service employees of the government
an additional compensation of 20 per cent., by a vote of 71 to 58.
16th. Gen. McDowell removed Gov. Humphreys, of Mississippi, and appointed Gen. Ames
Military Governor in his stead.
17th. The Senate passed the bill relating to national currency. — The North American Saen-
gerfest held at Chicago.
18th. Military review at Washington in honor of the Chinese Embassy. — A steam fire engine
exploded in New York ; 6 persons killed and 22 wounded. — The House reconsidered the bill
granting 20 per cent, additional pay to government employees, and the original bill was laid on
the table by a vote of 68 to 64.
19th. The House agreed to the Senate bill giving thanks to Ex-Secretary Stanton, by a vote
of 102 to 24.
2Oth. The President vetoed the bill for the admission of Arkansas. It was immediately
passed over his veto without debate, by a vote of 111 to 31. — Collision between the steamer
Morning Star and bark Cortland on Lake Erie ; 20 persons were drowned.
22d. The Senate passed the Arkansas bill over the President's veto by a vote of 30 to 7. —
Election in Mississippi resulted in a majority against the Constitution. — Surratt discharged on
$20.000 bail.
23d. The House fixed the tax on whisky at fifty cents per gallon. — Senators Rice and
McDonald of Arkansas, admitted to seats in the U. S. Senate.
24th. The Senate passed, by a vote of 26 to 11, the bill making eight hours a day's work for
laborers and mechanics in government employ. — The Arkansas Representatives were admitted
to their seats. — International Convention of Young Men's Christian Association at Detroit.
25th. The Southern Restoration bill admitting the States of North Carolina, South Carolina,
Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama and Florida, to representation in Congress, was passed over the
President's veto by 35 to 8 in the Senate. The House likewise passed it immediately over the
reto by a vote of 105 to 30.
26th. The Senate passed the Legislative Appropriation bill. — The House passed the Tax
bill.— The German Saengerfest began at Milwaukee.
27th. Gen. McMahon confirmed as Minister to Paraguay.— The House passed a joint resolu
tion that Indian lands, where disposed of by treaty, be conveyed direct to the United States.
28th. Gov. Baker and Lieut. Gov. Voorhies, of Louisiana, removed by Gen. Buchanan by
order of Gen. Grant.
EECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 747
29th. The Senate and House passed the bill extending the time for the completion of the
Northern Pacific Railroad, for two years from the 2d of July, 1SG8, requiring the completion of
the whole line by July 4, 1870. — The newly elected officers in Louisiana installed ; the Legisla
ture meeting on the same day. 4 of the Senate were pure negroes, and several of mixed blood.
The proportion of negroes in the House was still larger. Both Houses set aside the Test Oath
and admitted members to seats on their taking the constitutional oath.— The national Schuetzen-
fest in New York began.
SOth. U. S. Senator Osborne, of Florida, admitted.
July 1st. Gen. Gillem assigned to the command of the Fourth Military District.— Gen.
Meade issued an order directing all military rule to cease in Florida.— The North Carolina
Legislature met and ratified the 14th Amendment.
2d. The Senate passed the Civil Appropriation bill.— The Senate passed the bill granting to
the Western Pacific Railroad the use of Yerba Buena Island, in San Francisco Harbor, for the
erection of depots, machine shops, &c., by 28 votes to 8.— The lower branch of the Louisiana
Legislature adopted the Constitutional Amendment.— The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania de
cided the registry law and the act preventing soldiers from voting unconstitutional.
4th. President Johnson issued a proclamation of general amnesty and pardon to all engaged
in the late rebellion, except those already indicted for treason or other felony. — The Governors
of Georgia (Bullock) and Alabama (Smith) were installed by Gen. Meade.— The National Dem
ocratic Convention met at New York, Horatio Seymour presiding. — Gen. Canby, on the ratifica
tion of the Constitutional Amendment by the North Carolina Legislature, issued an order sus
pending military law in that State.— The Georgia Legislature convened at Atlanta.— Gen. Augur
concluded a treaty with the Eastern Shoshones and Barrock Indians.
6th. The South Carolina Legislature organized.
7th. Thad. Stevens presented articles of impeachment against President Johnson.— The Sen
ate passed a bill continuing in force the act increasing the salaries of District Judges from $2,000
to $3,500.— The House passed a bill to modify the warehouse system.— The South Carolina Sen
ate adopted the Constitutional amendment.
8th. The House passed the bill for the removal of political disabilities. — Scott inaugurated
as governor of South Carolina.
9th. The National Democratic Convention nominated Horatio Seymour of New York for
President on the 22d ballot, and F. P. Blair, Jr., of Missouri, for Vice President on the 1st ballot.
—The Senate passed the Tax bill.— The House passed a bill providing that the Constitution
adopted by the Virginia Convention shall be submitted to the people for ratification on the 13th,
14th, and 15th of August.— The Louisiana Senate, and the lower House of the South Carolina
Legislature, ratified the 14th- Amendment.— The Varieties Theater in Cincinnati destroyed
by fire.— Fearful accident on the Erie railroad near French creek ; many persons killed and
wounded.
1 Oth. The Senate passed the bill excluding from the Electoral College the votes of such States
lately in rebellion as shall not have been reorganized. — The House passed the joint resolution
to extend to the 1st of Jan. 1869, the time for collection of the direct tax in the South ; also the
bill for distributing the rewards for the capture of Jefferson Davie ; also the bill regulating the
retirement of officers. — The hottest day known for years.
1 1th. The Senate passed the bill for the discontinuance of the Freedmen's Bureau on the 1st
Of January next.— The House passed the bill in reference to the representation of the Southern
States in the Electoral College, by a vote of 112 to 21 ; also a joint resolution relative to refining
gold and silver at the mint.— The President issued a proclamation announcing the ratification
of the 14th Constitutional Amendment by the Legislature of North Carolina, but ignoring its
ratification by Florida.
1 3th. The House passed the bill providing for the discontinuance of the Freedmen's Bureau,
104 to 42, in States fully restored to representation.— The Senate passed the bill authorizing the
construction of a bi'idge over the Mississippi at St. Louis.— Gen. Canby issued his order for the
restoration of civil law in South Carolina.— The provisional officers of Alabama were installed
and the Legislature assembled.— Prof. Wilson of Ann Arbor, Mich., discovered another planet.—
Gov. Warmouth, of Louisiana, was installed.— Boyden and Dockery, two Republicans from
North Carolina, admitted to their seats. — The Legislature of Alabama ratified the 14th Amend
ment.
14th. The Senate passed the Funding bill.— The House passed the Alaska bill.
15th. William M. Evarts confirmed as Attorney General.— The House agreed to the report
of the Conference Committee on the Tax bill.— Serious riot in Millican, Texas, between whites
and negroes ; 12 persons killed.
7-48 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
16th. The Senate passed a bill to extend the laws of the United States over Alaska; also
the Indian Appropriation bill. — Fifty persons died in New York from the effects of the heat. —
The riot at Millican, Texas, continued, 45 persons killed during four days.
17th. The Senators elect from North Carolina and Louisiana sworn in.— The Senate passed
the Three Per Cent. Temporary Loan bill ; also the bill appropriating $7,200,000 in com for the
payment of Alaska ; also the Deficiency Appropriation bill.— Strike of the Philadelphia gas
men ; the city was in darkness.
18th. Five Louisiana and two South Carolina members sworn in. — The Georgia House of
Representatives decided that all its sitting members were eligible. — President Johnson sent a
message to Congress, recommending certain amendments to the Constitution.
2Oth. The Senate passed a bill relating to pensions. — The President's veto of the bill
relating to the vote in the Electoral College received by the Senate, and the bill immediately
passed over the veto, by 45 votes to 8. — The bill for the military peace establishment of the
United States was passed. — The House passed over the President's veto, the Electoral College
bill by a vote of 134 to 36. — The House agreed to a resolution sympathizing with Crete in her
struggle for independence. — Secretary Seward issued a proclamation announcing that the Con
stitutional Amendment had been ratified by the necessary number of States, if Ohio and New
Jersey were counted in.— The President signed the Whisky and Tobacco bill.— Boweu, of South
Carolina, and Lash of North Carolina, admitted as Representatives.— Three express robbers
were taken from the train and hanged by a mob, near Seymour, Indiana.
21st. Congress adopted a concurrent resolution declaring the 14th Article ratified.— The
Senate passed a resolution appealing to the Turkish Government in favor of the Cretans.—
The Georgia Legislature ratified the 14th Article of Amendment.
22d. The House passed the bill organizing Wyoming Territory.
23d. The House passed the bill to facilitate the establishment of a line of steamers to
Europe ; also the Alaska Appropriation bill.
24th. The Senate passed a joint resolution in regard to the provisional Governments in the
States of Texas and Virginia, and ratified the Chinese treaty.— The House passed the bill for
the issue of $25,000,000 temporary loan certificates. — The House passed a bill for the speedy re
organization of the States of Virginia, Mississippi, and Texas. — Heavy storm in Baltimore and
Ellicott City ; several lives lost and $3,000,000 worth of property destroyed by inundation.
25th. The Senate adopted the bill for the protection of American citizens abroad by a vote
of 39 to 5.— The Senate passed the Freedmen's Bureau bill over the President's veto by a vote
of 42 to 5.— It was likewise passed in the House.
27th. Gen. Rosecrans was confirmed as Minister to Mexico.— The House passed the Fund-
Ing bill by a vote of 104 to 32.— The Tennessee Legislature met in Nashville.
28th. Congress took a recess until September 21.— The War Department abolished the 2d
and 3d military districts, the states of these districts having fully complied with the Recon
struction laws.— Secretary Seward issued a final proclamation stating that the 14th amendment
to the U. S. Constitution had been adopted by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the states,
and had now become a part of the Constitution.
29th. The National Temperance Convention met in Cleveland.
SOth. Miners' strike in Pennsylvania.
31st. The President proclaimed officially the ratification of the treaty between the United
States and the North German Confederation regarding citizenship.— Great fire in Oil City, Pa. ;
over 200 houses burnt.— Depredations of Indians in Arizona.
August 1st. The U. S. war steamer Suwanee was reported a total loss. — The Alabama
Senate authorized the Governor to organize the militia whenever he should see proper.— The
Military Division of the Pacific, under the command of Gen. Halleck, was subdivided into three
districts, as follows: Department of California, Gen. Ord ; Department of the Columbia, Gen.
Crook ; Department of Alaska, Gen. Jeff. C. Davis.
3d. The election in Kentucky resulted in a Democratic majority of 88,678.— The Florida
Legislature took the choice of Presidential electors from the people and vested it in the
Legislature.
5th. Gen. Canby, commanding the 2d Military District, relinquished officially his command,
the civil government having been restored.
6th. Five steamers were destroyed by fire at Cincinnati.— Gov. Warmouth, of Louisiana,
stated to the President that 150 murders had been committed in that state in 6 weeks, and asked
for the protection of U. S. troops.— The first colored jury impannelled in Tennessee, at Nashville.
7th. The Senate of the Alabama Legislature passed the bill providing for the casting of the
electoral vote by the Legislature ; and the lower House passed the electoral bill.
1869.] KECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 749
9th. The lower house of the Louisiana Legislature passed a new militia bill, making it a
penal offence to organize a military company except under orders of the Governor.
1 1th. Death of Thaddeus Stevens at Washington.— Gov. Smith, of Alabama, vetoed the bill
to choose Presidential electors by the Legislature.— Gen. Gillem assumed the command of the
Department of Mississippi.
13th. Gen. Can by assumed command of the Department of Washington.
14th. Encke's comet was observed from the Washington Naval Observatory.
17th. The National Teachers' Association met in Nashville, Tenn.
18th. Gen. Buchanan, commanding the Department of Louisiana, issued an order forbidding
any interference of the military with civil matters, without special instruction from head-quar
ters, and to be prepared for any emergency which might threaten the public peace.
2Oth. The Chinese Embassy in Boston.
22d. Gen. Sherman directed Gen. Sheridan to pursue and punish the hostile Indians in
Kansas.
23d. Gen. Rosecrans met a number of prominent Generals of the late Southern Confedera
tion at White Sulphur Springs, Va.
24th. Gen. Sheridan directed the forcible removal of the Indians to their reservations ; all
commercial or friendly intercourse with them was forbidden.— Civil conflict in three counties
in Arkansas.
25th. The American yacht Sappho was beaten in the match sailing round the Isle of Wight,
by British yachts.
28th. Gen. Grant issued instructions to the Southern commanders relative to the military
aid to be given to the civil authorities.— The Arrapahoes committed depredations in Colorado.
—Gov. Hall called on Gen. Sheridan for assistance.— The lower house of the Louisiana Legis
lature prohibited any distinction on account of color or previous condition on the routes of
travel, places of entertainment, and of public resort.
31st. Proclamation by the Governor of South Carolina, appealing to the citizens of the state
to refrain from and discountenance all demonstrations whereby the public peace may be en
dangered.— The Texas Constitutional Convention adjourned until first Monday of December.—
The lower branch of the Tennessee Legislature passed the militia bill.— The Georgia Senate
unanimously authorized the Governor to issue a proclamation disbanding armed associations
throughout the state.— Beginning of the German Saeugerfest at Pittsburgh.
September 1st. Military order of Gen. Buchanan, defining the relations between mili
tary and civil officers in Louisiana; the Sheriff has a right, in cases of resistance to his
authority, to request the assistance of troops ; the military commander must render the assist
ance if satisfied as to its necessity ; otherwise apply for special instructions to head-quar
ters. — The state election in Vermont resulted in a large majority for the Republican candidate
for Governor.
3d. The Georgia House declared negroes ineligible to seats ; 25 of the colored members
leave the House.
7th. Three horse thieves hanged near Des Moines.— The propeller Hippocampus, en route
from St. Joseph to Chicago, foundered and sunk ; 38 lives were lost.
8th. Election in Colorado ; Republican Delegates to Congress elected.— The Republicans in
New Mexico elected Delegate to Congress, and two-thirds of the Legislature.— Prof. Watson,
of the Detroit Observatory, announced the discovery of another minor planet, shining like a
star of the tenth magnitude.— Fight with the Indians, within two miles of Fort Lyon ; 2 Indians
and 2 soldiers killed.
9th. The Republican State Convention of Massachusetts nominated William Claflin for
Governor.— The Governor of Georgia protested against the expulsion of the colored mem
bers of the House ; the latter returned the protest with a resolution that the members of each
House were to judge of the qualification of its members.— The Chinese Embassy sailed for
Europe.
lOth. The Lincoln Monument Association adopted the design of the American Sculptor
Mead. — The Governor of Georgia issued a proclamation against armed organizations. — A baud
of Cheyennes invaded the towns of Sheridan and Butler, Kansas.
1 1th. A delegation of the Tennessee Legislature had an interview with the President relative
to the shocking state of affairs in that state, brought about by the Ku Klux Klan. — Orders were
issued to Gen. G. H. Thomas to state how many additional troops were required to enforce the
execution of the laws in Tennessee.— The Tennessee Legislature passed the militia bill.
12th. The President promised the delegates of the Tennessee Legislature to direct Gen.
Thomas to furnish whatever military force might be necessary to aid the civil officers in carry-
750 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
ing out the laws. — The Georgia Senate declared the two colored members ineligible by a vote
of 25 to 11.
14th. The Republicans in Maine elected their state ticket (majority over 20,000), and
all the members of Congress. — Gen. Rousseau arrived at New Orleans and assumed com
mand of the Department of Louisiana.— The Georgia House of Representatives resolved
that the negro members having one-eighth negro blood are ineligible ; sixty-nine Republicans
refused to vote.
15th. The Oregon Legislature met at Salem.— A band of Indians defeated on the banks of
the Big Sandy.— A terrible conflagration raged in the forests of Oregon and California, on both
sides of the Columbia river.
1 6th. The Nevada Union State Convention met at Carson City.— Gov. Brownlow, of Tennes
see, issued hie proclamation calling for loyal militia to put down the armed conspirators in the
State.— The Alabama Legislature met in extra session at Montgomery.— The billiard champion
ship of America was won at Chicago by McDevitt against Dion of Montreal.
1 7th. The Georgia House of Representatives passed the bill excluding negroes from the jury.
—Indians attacked Government troops under Col. Forsythe, and held them in siege for three days.
—Game of Cricket between the All-England Eleven, and twenty-two American players of the St.
George's Club, New York, was finished ; score— All-England, 185 runs ; St. George's, 61 rune.
18th. Gen. Hindman was assassinated at Helena, Arkansas.
19th. The Louisiana Senate passed the House bill prohibiting any personal distinctions in
railroad cars, steamboats or in places of public resort.— A republican meeting in Camilla, Geor
gia, was fired into and broken up ; 7 negroes killed, and 30 to 40 wounded.— Reign of terror in
Arkansas.
2 1st. Opening of the second session of the National Labor Congress ; a women's delegation
was admitted.— The Surratt case was called up in Washington, and a nolle prosequi entered on
the first charge.— The two Houses of Congress met ; they resolved to adjourn until the 16th of
October. — Both Houses of the Alabama Legislature adopted a resolution asking the President
to send IT. S. troops to that State to aid in preserving the peace.— A joint resolution was passed
by the Louisiana House of Representatives, requesting their Senators and Representatives in
Congress to propose and support the repeal of the act by which the organization of the militia
of the State was prohibited.
22d. The trial of John H. Surratt was resumed at Washington ; he pleaded benefit of the
Amnesty Proclamation of President Johnson of July 4.— The horse John Stewart trotted 20
miles, drawing his driver and wagon, in 59 m. 23 sec.
23d. Three negroes were admitted to the South Carolina bar.— Surratt' s plea was overruled
by the court.
24th. Surratt was discharged.— Severe fight on the Delaware Fork between Col. Forsyth
and Indians.
28th. Gov. Warmouth's veto of the Negro Equality bill was sustained in the Louisiana
House.
29th. Gen. McClellan arrived at New York from Europe.
October 1st. Great mass meeting of the "Boys in Blue" in Philadelphia.
2d. Great floods in Arizona.
5th. Grand Democratic demonstration in New York.— The corner stone of the new Illinois
State-House was laid at Springfield.
6th. Political riots in Pittsburg.— The New York State Colored Men's Convention was held
at Utica. — The propeller Perseverance was burned 15 miles off Putneyville, on Lake Ontario ;
14 persons perished in the flames.
7th. The Indian Peace Commission met at Chicago.
lOth. Ku Klux Klan disturbances in Arkansas.
1 2th. President Johnson issued a proclamation appointing Nov. 26th as a day of National
Thanksgiving and Prayer.
1 3th. The election in Pennsylvania resulted in a Republican majority of 9,677 ; that in Ohio
in a Republican majority of 17,388; the one in Indiana in a Republican majority of 961.— Tho
election in Nebraska was carried by the Republicans.
14th. An old man, named Mapes, living in Cooper County, Mo., was murdered by his wife
and two men ; after their arrest, the men were hung by a mob.
15th. A steamer, conveying State arms belonging to Arkansas, from Memphis to Little
Rock, was seized by a band of disguised men, and the arms thrown into the river.
16th. Congress met and adjourned to Nov. 10th. — The negro preacher, Randolph, member
of the South Carolina Senate, was shot down at Cokesville.
18C9.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 7~j
17th. The Sheriff and Parish Judge of St. Mary'e Parish, Louisiana, were assassinated at
Franklin. — Troops, in small numbers, were ordered to various points in the South.
18th. The Oregon Legislature adopted a resolution withdrawing the consent of the State to
the adoption of the 14th amendment.
19th. The New York "World" suggested the withdrawal of Frank Blair.
21st. A number of serious earthquakes occurred in California; several lives were lost and
much property destroyed. — The statue of Gen. Sedgwick was unveiled at West Point.
22d. State election in West Virginia ; it was carried by the Republicans.
23d. James Hin<?, member of Congress of Arkansas, was assassinated in Monroe County. —
Great political riot at Carrollton, La. — Another shock of an earthquake at San Francisco. — On
the Hudson River railroad, near Greenbush, three passenger cars wei'e thrown from the track
and smashed ; two persons were killed and 40 injured.
24th. Fight between white and black political clubs in New Orleans ; 8 persons were killed,
and many wounded.
25th. Riot in St. Bernard, near New Orleans. — Col. Carpenter routed the Cheyennes and
Arrapahoes at Buffalo Station, Kansas. — Another fight at Shortness Creek.
26th. Gov. Warmouth, of Louisiana, applied to Gen. Rousseau to take charge of the parishes
of Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Bernard, and keep the peace. — Gen. Schofield, Secretary of War,
authorized Gen. Rousseau to take such action as might be necessary to preserve peace and good
order, and to protect the lives and property of the citizens. — Gen. Rousseau appointed Gen.
Steadman Chief of Police.
3Oth. Five desperadoes were hung near Gelner, Nebraska, by a Vigilance Committee.
November 1st. A train on the Union Pacific railroad was captured by the Indians, and
destroyed.
2d. Severe gales on the Northern Lakes ; several vessels were destroyed.
3d. Gen. Grant was elected President of the United States.— Speaker Colfax was elected
Vice President.
4t]ft. The Widows' Home, at Mount Auburn, near Cincinnati, was burned.
5th. Two thousand stand of arms, in transit by railroad from Jacksonville to Tallahassee,
were seized near Madison, by a party of unknown persons. — Gen. Canby was directed by the
President to relieve Gen. Reynolds of the command of the district of Texas. — Gen. Wallace suc
ceeded Gen. Cauby in command of the Department of Washington. — The railroad bridge across
the Mississippi, at Quiucy, was finished and tested. — The corner stone of the Lunatic Asylum
was laid at Athens, Ohio.
6th. The statement of the public debt showed a decrease, during October, of $7,514.166. — The
President published, in a proclamation, the text of an extradition treaty with Italy. — Gov. Reed,
of Florida, was impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors. — Earthquake shocks in San Fran
cisco. — S. Thurlow, a prominent Republican, was shot at Huntsville, Ala. — Gov. Reed, of Florida,
declared the Legislature of that State to be an illegal body.— Conflict of authority between him
and Lieut. Gov. Gleason.— Conclusion of a naturalization treaty with Bavaria.
9th. Gov. Clayton, of Arkansas, authorized the raising of 60,000 militia in the State, to quell
serious political troubles.— Ratification of treaties with Kansas Indians.— Admiral Farragut ar
rived in New York.— Gen. Read, of Kentucky, committed suicide at Louisville.
lOth. Both Houses of Congress met and at once adjourned.— England and the United States
agreed to submit the Alabama affair to arbitration.
1 1th. The Fox and Wisconsin Rivers Improvement Convention met at Prairie du Chien.
13th. Great meteoric display.
14th. Two ferry boats on the East River collided, killing five and seriously injuring 21 per
sons.— The steamer Matanzas was destroyed by fire while at sea, off Cape Hatteras.
15th. Large fire in St. Louis ; loss $400,000.
16th. Gen. Sheridan left Fort Hays for the Canadian river, to assume command against
the Indians who had about 7,000 warriors.— The steamer J. N. McCullough sunk near Madison,
Indiana.
18th. The Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, at Columbus, was burned; several patients were
burned or smothered to death.
19th. Gen. McMahon, Minister to Paraguay, received instructions to proceed to Asuncion
with Rear Admiral Davis and a naval squadron, and redress the wrongs committed by Lopez on
American citizens.— The Hellespont was wrecked on the California coast; 12 lives lost.
2Oth. Gen. Sherman strongly recommended the transfer of the Indian Bureau to the War
Department.— Red Cloud, and other prominent Indian Chiefs, signed a treaty of peace with the
United States.— Conflicts between the Government troops and the Ku Klux, in Arkansas. The
752 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
latter were worsted at Centre Point, Sevier County.— The office of the Iliad, (a Republican
paper), at Homer, La., was mobbed and destroyed. — Reports of discoveries of silver ore in the
White Pine region of Nevada.
23d. Gen. Howard issued an order providing for the discontinuance of the Freedmen's Bu
reau after Jan. 1st, with the exception of the educational department, and the collection of
money due to soldiers.
24th. Editor Pollard, of Richmond, shot and instantly killed.— The Legislatures of South
Carolina and Arkansas assembled.
25th. The steamship Hibernia foundered off the Irish coast. — Chief Justice Chase ordered
that the test-oath for Grand Jurors be dispensed with. — The Governor of Arkansas declared
martial law in several counties.
26th. National Thanksgiving day throughout the United States.
27th. Gen. Custar fought and defeated the Cheyennes under Black Kettle, on the north fork
of the Wachita river. — The Fenian Congress met in Philadelphia. — Serious depredations of the
Indians in Arizona.
December 1st. Burning of Fort La Fayette.
2d. Loretta, a small town in California, was destroyed by earthquake.
4th. The Alabama Senate made the wearing of disguises and masks by any number of men,
a crime punishable by fine and imprisonment. — Meeting of the National Board of Trade in
Cincinnati.
5th. Terrible collision of the two steamers United States and America on the Ohio, 64 miles
below Cincinnati, with a loss of 72 lives ; both boats were burned.
6th. Ku Klux outrages in Tennessee.
7th. Beginning of the third session of the Fortieth Congress.— The House adopted a resolu
tion relative to amendments to the naturalization laws, by 125 votes to 32. — Heavy snow storm
all over the country.
8th. The House passed by 105 to 51, the bill regulating the duties on imported cop
per and copper ores ; also a bill providing for the transfer of the Indian Bureau from the
Department of the Interior to the War Department, by 116 to 33.— Outrages of the Ku
Klux in West Tennessee.
9th. The House, by a vote of 125 to 38, laid the President's Message on the table and ordered
it to be printed. It also passed the Virginia Election bill.
1 1th. Express robbers were hung in the New Albany jail, Indiana, by a band of regulators
from Seymour.
13th. A lady was admitted as a law student in a St. Louis college.
1 4th. The House agreed to a resolution to sustain the public credit, and denounced all forms
of repudiation.— The Supreme Court of Florida rendered judgment denying the claims of Lieu
tenant Governor Gleason.
15th. President Johnson's views on the National Debt denounced in the U. S. Senate.
16th. The House passed the bill repealing the act prohibiting the organization of militia in
all the reconstructed States except Georgia. — A resolution was passed by 123 to 27, allowing
women in the Government employ the wages of men for the same work. — Four companies of
militia entered the town of Lewisburg, Ark., and set fire to two warehouses.
1 7th. The Senate adopted by 42 to 6, a resolution disapproving the President's financial
recommendation. — Fight in Arkansas between citizens and militia.
18th. The Senate passed a resolution of sympathy with Spain, by a vote of 41 to 5.
21st. Congress adjourned to January 5.
22d. Two pickpockets were taken from a train near Memphis, and hung to a tree.— A
Woman's Suffrage Convention was held at Concord, N. H.
23d. The U. S. authorities confiscated a distillery in Boston, worth $150,000.— Ku Klux
Klan outrages in Tennessee.
24th. Extensive Ku Klux depredations in Kentucky.
25th. President Johnson issued a Universal Amnesty proclamation.— Secretary Welles ac
cepted the transfer of League Island, by the city of Philadelphia to the Government, for a navy
yard.
26th. Destructive fire at Lynn, Mass.— The office of the "Register," at Marksville, La.,
was totally destroyed by a mob.
29th. Mosby Clark, an old revolutionary soldier, died at Richmond, Va., at the age of
121 years.
3Oth. The Dakota House of Representatives voted in favor of female suffrage.— Gen.
Sheridan captured the Indian Chiefs Santanta and Lone Wolf.
1WJU.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 753
FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
January. Rosario, on the Parana River, in rebellion against the authority of President
Mitre, declared for Gen. Urquiza. — The cholera subsided in Buenos Ayres.
February. The State of Entrerios joined Rosario in the revolt.
June. Sarmiento elected President.
August 13th. Terrible storm in Buenos Ayres, attended with great loss of life ; numerous
vessels sunk in the harbor. — The Senate passed a bill making Rosario the capital.
October 18th. Sarmiento inaugurated as President; he urges education, internal im
provements, and a prosecution of the war with Paraguay. •
November. The insurrection in Corrientes was suppressed. — President Sarmiento released
all the Paraguayan prisoners of war in Buenos Ayres.
December. On the overthrow of Lopez, the Gran Chaco was fully incorporated into the
Argentine Republic.
BRAZIL.
January. A general conscription was ordered to provide reinforcements for the army on
the Rio Parana.
May 9th. Opening of the Parliament by the Emperor.
July llth. A conservative cabinet was formed; the Parliament opposing it by 85 votes
to 10, it was dissolved. — Gen. Webb demanded that the steamer Wasp be permitted to ascend
the river to Asuncion. — The Ministry resolved upon a vigorous prosecution of the war in Para
guay, and refused all offers of mediation.
CENTRAL AMERICA.
February. Severe earthquakes at La Union, in Nicaragua.
21st. The port of Amapola, in Guatemala, was opened to foreign commerce for twenty
years.
April. The government of San Salvador concluded a treaty of extradition with Italy, and
a treaty of peace and commerce with Nicaragua.
August. The government of Nicaragua concluded a treaty with the United States.
November. President Castro, of Costa Rica was quietly deposed by Generals Salazar and
Blanco.— Jesus Jimenez, the First Vice President, was made Provisional President.— The
Legation of Nicaragua in the United States was suppressed. — Francisco Duefias was elected
President of San Salvador.
29th. The House of Representatives of Guatemala convened.
CHILI.
May. The free trade treaty with the Argentine Confederation was rescinded.
June. A contract was entered into for the introduction of German colonists into Chili.—
Completion of the fortifications of Valparaiso.
August. Imprisonment for debt was abolished.— Severe earthquake at Copiapo.— Several
volcanoes in the South were in active operation.
October 24th. Fifty persons lost by a tornado.
November. The Chamber of Deputies adopted impeachment charges against the Supreme
Court.
COLOMBIA-UNITED STATES OF
February. Congress proclaimed Santos Gutierrez President of the Republic.
March 24th. The revolutionary party in Tolima was defeated.— Trial of the murderers of
the officers of the R. R. Cnyler. in Carthagena.
26th. Fire in the depot of the Panama Railroad, at Aspinwall ; loss $200,000.— The Govern
ment granted a railroad concession to an American company.
May. Great poverty throughout the republic.
July. Dr. Amador (conservative) was elected President of the State of Panama.— A revo
lution broke out.— The acting President was arrested.— Gen. Ponce, commander of the State
troops, was inaugurated Provisional President.— A force was sent to arrest Amador.— A decree
of the Provisional President declared the Isthmus in a state of war, suspended constitutional
48
754 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
guarantees, and stopped the transit of the Rio Grande.— The Provisional President, defeated
the conservatives at Veraguas and Chiriqui.
August. Gen. Ponce, returned from the interior and immediately issued a decree abolish
ing martial law and convoking a constitutional assembly.
29th. Another revolution broke out in Panama.— Gen. Correoso, during the absence of
President Ponce, took military possession of the city.— Ponce resigned.— Correoso proclaimed
himself Provisional President and formed a new Cabinet.
September. The Panama Constitutional Assembly assumed the sovereignty until a new
constitution could be formed, delegating the executive powers, in the mean time, to the acting
President, Correoso.
October lOth. J. Gutierrez Vergara, President of the State of Cundinamarca, pronounced
against the Federal Government.— The President of the Republic called out the National
troops and captured the rebels.
November 12th. President Correoso met Gen. Obaldia, commander- in-chief of the con
servative forces of Panama, with his insurrectionary forces, near Santiago, and completely routed
them. — The National Supreme Court, at Bogota, ordered the release of President Gutierrez
Vergara. — The President of the Republic refused to do it. — Several States protested against
his action.
16th. Fearful earthquake at Panama.
December. Correoso was re-elected President of Panama. — Bogota under martial law.
ECUADOR.
January 13th. Doctor Xavier Espinosa was elected President of the Republic. — Congress
assembled.
August 13th. An earthquake destroyed the towns of Ibarra, San Pablo, Quitumbita,
Atuntaqui, Imautad, Cotocachi, Otovola, and other villages. — Great injury done to the buildings
in Quito. The lives lost were estimated at 30,000.
HAYTI.
January 16th. Salnave refused to permit any more French clergymen to enter the
island.
February 5th. Salnave was defeated by the Cacos.
22d. Salnave was defeated near Cape Haytien. — Gen. Salomon proclaimed President.
March 9th. Battle at Savanna-la-Grande. — The Cacos were routed. — The national troops
in possession of Fort Liberte. — A general amnesty was proclaimed.
April. The Cacos defeated the government troops and retook several towns.
May. Gen. Niesage-Saget took Fort Diamant and the city of St. Marc, and proclaimed Gef-
frard President of the Republic. — The northern part of Hayti was in the possession of the
Cacos. — Salnave defeated the Cacos near Port-au-Prince, and shut himself up in the place.
June. The Cacos besieged Salnave in Port-au-Prince. — Salnave defeated the rebels in a
desperate engagement outside Port-au-Prince. — Faubert and Nissage joined the besieging party
with their forces. — Faubert attacked the fort outside the city for four days. — The Haytien man-
of-war, Liberte, joined the revolutionists.
July. Salnave defeated by the insurgents at Port Rouge, but he still held Port-au-Prince.—-
The Piquets were defeated at Baynet.
August. Cape Ilaytien surrounded by the insurgents, and communication with the interior
cut off. — Port-au-Prince closed in on the land side. — Gen. Lynch took supreme command of the
insurgents. — Salnave again defeated and acted on the defensive. — He enforced a loan of $200,000.
—The rebel war ship, Liberte, blockaded Gonaives.— A reconciliation took place between Sal-
nave and the British Minister.
September. The siege of Port-au-Prince was raised, Gen. Faubert being short of ammuni
tion. — He retired to St. Marc. — The Cacos again concentrated their forces. — Port-au-Prince,
Cape Haytien, Gonaives, and Port de Paix, were opened to foreign commerce.
October. The Haytien man-of-war, Galatea, attacked the rebel cruisers, Sylvain and Liberte*,
at Petit-Goane. The Sylvian was sunk, and the Liberte burned by her own crew. — Dissen
sions among the insurgents.— Generals Dominguez, Saget, and Rebecca, each declared Pres
ident by their troops.— The towns of Petit-Goane, Desaliue, and Jeremie, in possession of Gen.
Salnave.
November. Salnave commenced the bombardment of Jeremie. — Jacmel was surrounded
by 2,000 Piquets. — Salnave was defeated at Jeremie. — Cape Haytien vigorously attacked by the
insurgents. — A regular government was installed under President Nissage Saget, at St. Marc, in
the North, and 'Gen. Domiuguez in the South.— Saluave was repulsed at Miragoane.— The num-
1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 755
ber of revolutionists increasing. — Blockades were maintained at St. Marc, Miragoane, Aux
Cayes and Jeremie.
3Oth. Miragoane was taken by Salnave.
December. Effective blockade of St. Marc.— Five coasters, loaded with supplies for the
rebels, we- re captured by the Hayticn gunboat Potion.
9th.. The garrison at Jacmel repulsed an attack ; both parties suffered severely.
MEXICO.
January. Serious revolution in Yucatan. The Government issued an order banishing from
the country all persons who had been tried and convicted of taking part in the late war against
the Republic. — The extraordinary powers .surrendered by President Juarez to Congress, were
again authorized by Congress, for a limited time, in view of the Yucatan insurrection.
19th. A Mexican fleet arrived before Campeche and disembarked 2,000 troops. — They imme
diately marched upon Sisal.
2 1st. Revolt in Sonora.— The town of Mazatlan threatened by rebels.— Manuel Aspiroz was
appointed Minister of the Interior, and of Foreign Affairs, and Matias Romero, Minister of
Finances.— The revolutionary attempts in Yucatan were suppressed.
February 1st. The national troops under Gen. Allatorre defeated the insurgents in Yuca
tan, in a two days' fight. — Diaz and Escobedo offered their resignation. — A revolution was being
organized in Puebla, in the interest of Ortega.
12th. The Government declared Puerto Angelo, on the Pacific coast, a port of entry for for
eign and coasting commerce.
19th. A plot to assassinate President Juarez, and to rob the treasury, was discovered. —
Battle between Ruba and Martinez, near Mazatlan ; Ruba was routed.— War between Alvarez
and Jimenez, on the West coast.
March 15th. The revolution in Sinaloa was gaining ground.— A forced loan was levied in
Mazatlan.— The State of Tamaulipas expelled foreigners.
April 1st. Congress assembled.— Foreigners serving under the empire were permitted to
remain, on proof of their following an honorable calling.
13th. Gen. Ncgrete was defeated.
May. Gen. Jimenez submitted to the Government.— Rivera pronounced against the Gov
ernment, and took possession of the mountain fastnesses of Ajusco.— Similar pronuuciamentos
were made in other parts of the country. — One band in Queretaro proclaimed in favor of Santa
Anna. — Escobedo and Cortina marched against them.
June. Ignacio Mariscal was appointed Minister of Justice. — The British man-of-war, Chan
ticleer, blockaded the port of Mazatlan, and was only prevented from bombarding it by the
united efforts of the foreign consuls.
July. Conclusion of Treaties with the United States, (see Dec. 10).— Cortina routed Flores.—
Capt. Briggs, of the English man-of-war Chanticleer, was ordered by the Admiral to re-open
tlic port of Mazatlan immediately, and proceed to Panama. — End of the campaign against Mar-
I Inez.— Close of the Congress.— Domiuguez pronounced against the Government in the State of
Vera Cruz.— Ortega was released.
August. Gen. Escobedo attacked and defeated two«bodies of insurgents near Queretaro.—
Alatorre defeated by Negrete.— Cortina refused to join in Negrete's rebellion.— Alatorre retreat
ed towards Vera Cruz.— A tidal wave in Lower California. The tide rose upwards of 60 feet.
23d. Assassination of Gen. Patoni.
September 7th. The Puebla rebellion put down. — The President ordered the arrest and
trial of Gen. Canto, for the assassination of Patoni. — Ortega issued a manifesto renouncing all
claims to the Presidency.
October. Bands of guerillas in the State of Guerrero.— Gen. Uraga banished from the Re
public.
November. A storm, lasting three days, passed over the northwest, causing considerable
damage and loss of life. Alamos, a city of 7,000 inhabitants, in Sonora, and several smaller
towns in Lower California, were destroyed.— Revolution in Nueva Leon.
December. Great floods ; the towns of Comaticalico and Parasso were entirely destroyed ;
the towns of Cardenas and Cunduacar, suffered greatly. — Coahuila was made a sovereign State.
lOth. President Juarez received U. S. Minister Rosecrans. — The rebels in Tamaulipas
offered to surrender to Escobedo, but their terms were refused. — Congress ratified the treaty
with the United States for the settlement of the claims in both countries, and also for the recog
nition of the rights of naturalized citizens.
2Oth. Terrible earthquake in Colima.
756 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND, REGISTER. [1869.
PARAGUAY.
January. The allies were reinforced and pressed the siege of Humaita.
February. The Argentine General, Mitre, yielded the command of the armies allied against
Paraguay to the Brazilian Marshal Caxias.
1 7th. Three monitors of the allies passed Curupaity.
18th. The allied armies of Brasil, Uruguay,' and the Argentine Confederation, took one of
the outposts of the fortress Humaita. The works were demolished ; loss of the Paraguayans
stated to be 1,600 men.
1 9th. Six iron-clads of the allies forced a passage at Humaita, with a loss of 600 on each side.
March 2d. Forty-eight Paraguayan boats, carrying 1,200 men, were repulsed in their at
tempt to board the Brazilian iron-clads in the Parana, above Humaita.
21st. The Brazilians took the retrenchments of Tuyuti.
23d. Curupaity, abandoned by the Paraguayans, was occupied by the Brazilian troops.—
Lopez held the mouth of the Tibicuary river.
May. Combined attack on the rear of Lopez's position at Humaita; it was repulsed by the
Paraguayans, after a desperate battle. — The allies commenced the process of starving out the
garrison at Humaita.
June 2Oth. Beginning of the difficulty between Mr. Washburn, the Ambassador of the
United States, and the Paraguayan government. — Gumecindo Benitez, Minister of Foreign
Affairs, inquired why certain foreigners charged with conspiracy against President Lopez, were
sheltered in the Legation of the United States.
27th. Benitez demanded that the Portuguese Pereira be delivered up by Mr. Washburn to
the police officers.
July 9th. Battle on the Parana, between Paraguayan boats and two iron-clads.— The Para
guayan crews boarded the ships, but were driven off by the fire from fort Tayi.
lOth. The Brazilian forces under Gen. Osorio were repulsed by the Paraguayans near Hu
maita ; loss of the allies 1,000 men.
13th. Minister Benitez demanded the dismissal from the Legation of the United States of
Porter Cornelius Bliss, an American, and George Masterman, an Englishman.
14th. Mr. Washburn declined to deliver up Messrs. Bliss and Masterman, and demanded
his passports.
1 8th. The allies attacked a two-gun battery at Humaita, and were repulsed with a loss of
1,000 men.
23d. Minister Benitez demanded the immediate delivery of a sealed packet of communica
tions received by Mr. Washburn from Jose Berges, ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs ; Mr. Wash
burn denied having received such a package.
25th. The fortress Humaita was abandoned. — The allies took possession of it. — The rem
nant of the garrison, on its retreat towards Timbo, was surrounded, and it surrendered, 1,328 in
number, after ten days' desperate struggle. — Three Brazilian ironclads passed the batteries on
the river Parana, and joined the fleet in the bombardment of Lopez's position.
31st. Mr. Washburn charged by Minister Benitez with conspiracy with ex-Minister Berges
against President Lopez.
August 3d. The accusation of conspiracy indignantly denied by Mr. Washburn.— The
allied forces threatened the Paraguayans' position at Timbo.— Lopez, with 12,000 fighting men,
was at the mouth of the Tibicuary ; subsequently compelled to retire.
September. Lopez fortified Villeta and Angostura.— Mr. Washburn embarked on board
the United States war steamer Wasp. — Arrest of Messrs. Bliss and Masterman. — The Para
guayans attacked the allied army before Angostura ; they were repulsed. — Lopez shot his two
brothers.— A column of 12,000 allied troops was sent across the Gran Chaco to flank the Para
guayan position at Villeta.
24th. Battle at Villeta ; the allied land forces repulsed. — Brazilian iron-clads go above An
gostura.
November 15th. The allied forces under Caxias attacked Villeta, and were unsuccessful.
December. Arrival of the new Ambassador of the United States, Gen. McMahon, ac
companied by Admiral Davis and several gunboats, at Asuncion ; he was received by President
Lopez, who had established his headquarters at Luque. — Messrs. Bliss and Masterman were
released by President Lopez, to Admiral Davis, on condition that they be tried in the United
States. — Lopez's army was routed at Villeta and the town taken.— The allied fleet on its way
to Asuncion. — Lopez fled with 500 cavalry. — The remnant of his army shut up in Angostura. —
Severe fighting at Angostura and Lomas Valentinas, beginning on Dec. 21, and ending on Dec.
26, with total defeat of Lopez, and entry of allies into Asuncion.
J8G9.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 757
PERU.
January. The forces under Col. Corneja, sent by Prado against Col. Legura, were routed
by the latter. - Callao pronounced against Prado, who retired to Lima after a disastrous defeat
before Arequipa.
6th. Insurrection at Lima ; it was suppressed by the troops of the Government.
7th. The national forces under Col. Corneja were again defeated, before Chiclayo, by Col.
Balta.— Prado resigned.— The people of Lima proclaimed the constitution of I860.— Gen. La
Puerto published a decree appointing the Grand Marshal, La Fuente, President of the Council
and Chief of the Executive power.— Fighting in the streets of Lima in the night of the
7th to 8th.
8th. All the troops at Lima and the squadron at Callao pronounced in favor of the new state
of things ; quiet was restored. — The whole country was under the control of the revolutionists
under Canseco.
lOth. Col. Prado embarked at Callao for Chili.
1 3th. A proclamation confirmed the treaty concluded by Pezet with Spain, declared the
alliance with Chili, Bolivia and Ecuador dissolved, and annulled all the engagements entered
into by Prado. — Canseco organized a government and ordered an election for President.
22d. Balta announced his determination to support Gen. Canseco as Provisional Presi
dent. — One hundred of Canseco's men were killed by the explosion of Prado's powder maga
zine.
March 14th. A plot to reins tote Prado was discovered among the soldiery; the leaders
were imprisoned. — The guano companies agreed to advance $12,000,000 to the government. —
Yellow fever in Lima and Callao.
May. Yellow fever raged in Lima.
July 28th. The Congress met.
August 1st. Col. Balta took the oath of office as President.
13th. Terrible earthquake ; the towns of Arequipa, Arica, Iquique, Moquegia, Locumr.a
and numerous other smaller towns were entirely destroyed ; 300 lives were lost in Arequipa,
500 in Arica, 600 in Iquique, and about 400 in the other towns, by the crushing of houses and the
rising of the sea. The U. S. ship Fredonia was dashed to pieces at Arica and all her crew lost ;
the man-of-war Wateree was carried half a mile inland by a tidal wave.
November. Difficulties between President Balta and Congress.— The small pox raged
severely in Lima and Callao. — Shocks of earthquake in Arica and Arequipa.
December. All the inland waters were declared free to vessels of all classes and countries.
SAN DOMINGO.
January. The insurrection was gaining ground.— General Baez proclaimed President.—
Hungria acting provisionally as President.
February lOth. President Cabral fled with his Cabinet.— The southern forces entered
the capital. — 30 deaths a day by cholera in St. Domingo City.
March 3d. A counter revolution broke out in several provinces under the lead of Gen.
Morena and Castillo.— Wide spread disaffection against Baez's government.
April. General Baez, having repulsed the insurgents, seized the capital without any strug
gle, reestablished the military authority and took the oath as President of the Republic.— The
Congress assembled to modify the Constitution, resolved to make Samana a free port and a
neutral postal and telegraph station common to all nations.
May 2d. The new President Baez was inaugurated and he appointed his Ministry. — General
Luperon, partisan of President Cabi'al, headed an insurrection against President Baez. — Baez
banished and persecuted all the eminent men who did not support his administration.
June. Polanco headed another insurrection against President Baez.— The Constitutional
Convention named Baez Dictator, but he declined the honor.
July. Outbreak of another revolution.— A body of President Baez's troops defeated by the
revolutionsts, at Saybo. — The reinforcements ordered to Saybo refused to embark.
25th. Ogando, the revolutionary leader, and Gen. Cabral within three miles of Azua.
August. The whole country in revolt against Baez.
November. The insurgents in the north proclaimed for Luperon. — The forces under
Ogando were scattered.
December. Gen. Ogando was joined by other revolutionary chiefs.— Cabral defeated Baez's
troops at Guayubin. — The insurgents at Las Matas were defeated by Baez's troops. — Gen. Adzu
crossed the frontier and joined Gen. Ogando's rebel forces.
758 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
t URUGUAY.
February 9th. Revolution against Gen. Venancio Fiores, Provisional Governor ; it was
directed by his son, Col. Fortunato Fiores.— The foreign fleet sided with the Governor.— Order
was restored and F. Fiores banished.
1 5th. Opening of Parliament in whose hands Gen. Venancio Fiores replaced the power he
had exercised for three years.— The supreme authority was temporarily confided to P. Yarela,
President of the Senate.
19th. New revolt ; the former provisional Governor, V. Fiores, was assassinated at Monte
video; his murderer? were immediately shot, and order was restored. — Manuel Fiores was ap
pointed Provisional President, Col. E. Bustamente was appointed Minister of War and Navy,
E. Regunaga Minister of Justice, H. Varela Minister of the Interior and of Foreign Affairs.
22d. Sudden death of the Provisional President, Manuel Fiores.
27th. The Ministers Regunaga and Bustamente resigned ; II. Varela was charged with the
three Ministries of Justice, of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior, and of War and Navy.
March 1st. Gen. Battle was unanimously elected President of the Republic.
VENEZUELA.
January. The insurgents were forced to retire on Guarico.— A new Ministry was formed.
March. The rebels besieged Caracas.
April 8th. The national troops gained a decisive victory.
18th. The ministers resigned.
May. Compromise between the belligerents, by which the existing government was ac
knowledged.
June 22d — 26th. Revolution: the insurgents defeated the troops of the government near
Caracas on the 22d. — Gen. Monagas demanded the surrender of Caracas; the insurgents pene
trated into the city on the same day and the following. — The troops of the government sur
rendered on the 26th, after having fought for 75 hours in the streets and houses. — President Fal
con was compelled to flee from the country.— Monagas, the leader of the revolutionary forces,
proclaimed a new government, which was recognized by the foreign representatives.
July. The adherents of the late President Falcon concentrated at Puerto Cabello ; the new
President, Monagas, marched against them ; he effected important reforms in the government.
August. The Bolivar and the Mariscal blockaded La Guayra.
1 5th. Puerto Cabello surrendered to Monagas. — Several Pronunciamentos.
October. Presidential election. — Galan defeated at Coro.
November 18th. Death of President Monagas.
December. Pulgar was confirmed as Provisional President.
EUROPE.
AUSTRIA.
January 1st. The Government forbade recruitments for the Papal Army in the Empire.
15th. Arrival at Triest of Admiral Tegetthoff, in the frigate Novara, with the remains of
Emperor Maximilian.
February 1st. Prince Colloredo-Mansfeld was appointed President of the House of the
Lords.
5th. Arrival of the Emperor and the Empress at Pesth.
2Oth. The Government officially warned the clergy against fomenting dissent.
March 2d. Admiral Tegetthoff appointed Commander-in-chief of the Austrian fleets.
8th. Return of the Emperor to Vienna.
1 2th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted a decree abolishing the Council of State.
16th. Dr. Giskra, the Minister of the Interior, declared that the government contemplated
the strengthening of the autonomy of the different countries of the Empire, and the carrying
out of a system of decentralisation.
23d. The Upper House adopted, almost unanimously, (17 votes dissenting) the new law on
marriage, in opposition to the Concordat.
24th. Vienna was illuminated amidst general rejoicing, on account of the virtual repeal of
tjie Concordat with Rome.
26th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the civil marriage bill with the modifications pro
posed by the Upper House.
1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 759
April 1 St. The Reichsrath passed the bill for a general system of education by public
schools.
22d. Conclusion of a treaty of Commerce with Great Britain.
29th. The Upper House adopted the decree abolishing the Council of State.
SOth. The Upper House adopted the law abolishing imprisonment for debts in the form
proposed by the Chamber of Deputies.
May 1st. The treaty of Commerce with Great Britain was signed.
1 2th. The bill guaranteeing the right of trial by jury passed the lower House of the Aus
trian Reichsrath.
15th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the Austro-German treaty of Commerce.
July 5th. The Government furloughed 36,000 troops. — The Prime Minister, von Bcust, de
clared the intermeddling of the Pope with the domestic legislation of Austria a violation of the
Independence and dignity of the Empire.
2Oth. Conclusion of the meeting of a European Telegraph Conference at Vienna.— Serious
political riots at Prague.
August 8th. The Hungarian Assembly passed the Army bill with 102 votes to as, and the
Militia and Recruiting bills with a very large majority. — A strict non-intervention in German
affairs was announced. — The official reports exhibited a great improvement in the financial af
fairs of the Empire. — The Hungarian Army was reorganized under native commanders. — Aus
tria forbade the transit of firearms from the Empire across the Danube.
22d. The Diets were opened in all the crownlands.
October 19th. The Austrian Reichsrath met at Vienna.
November 12th. The Austrian Reichsrath adopted the Army bill, by 118 votes against
39, by which the army was to be increased to the strength of 800,000 men on the war footing for
ten years.
16th. 5,000 workingmen assembled and protested against the new army law.
25th. The Croatian Deputies were admitted to seats in the Hungarian Diet.— An Austrian
fleet started on an expedition around the world.
December. Baron von Beust was created Count by the Emperor.— Appointment of a min
ister for Croatia in the Hungarian Cabinet,
lOth. The Hungarian Diet closed with a speech from the Emperor.
BELGIUM.
January 4th. Appointment of a new Ministry.
February. Conclusion, at Berlin, of a postal treaty with North Germany.
March 14th. The House of Representatives adopted, by 69 votes against 39, the project
of the army reorganization.
25th— 29th. Tumults in the neighborhood of Charleroi.— Fight between the troops and
the miners.
April 2d. The Senate adopted, by 40 votes against 10, the project of the army reor
ganization.
SOth. Death of Count Le Hon, at Paris, former member of the National Assembly in 1830.
May 2d. Exchange of the ratifications of the postal treaty with North Germany.
August lOth. 51 persons killed by a colliery explosion.
September 6th. Meeting of the International Convention of Workingmen of Europe.—
It discussed the diminution of the hours of labor, education, establishment of credit and coope
rative societies, councils of arbitration instead of strikes, and trade societies.
November lOth. Opening of the Diet.
DENMARK.
January SOth. The Landsthing adopted unanimously the treaty concerning the sale of the
islands of St. Thomas and St. John.
February 2d. The King signed this treaty.
March 3d. Bishop Kierkegaard, Minister of Public Worship, resigned.
April 1 St. Denmark asked the cession of Alsen and Duppel from Germany, but Prussia
gave a decided refusal.
6th. The Folksthing adopted, by 50 votes against 25, an address demanding the union of
the Ministries of War and the Navy.
9th. Signing, at Copenhagen, of the postal treaty with North Germany.
28th. The Landsthing adopted, by 53 votes against 7, the law on free municipalities.
July. Violent shocks of earthquake in St. Thomas.
760 THE AMERICAN YEAS BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
August 12th. Departure of the Danish Royal Family from Copenhagen on a visit to
Russia.
October 6th. The Government reconsidered and postponed for one year the time for the
ratification of the treaty with the United States for the sale of St. Thomas' and St. John's
islands.
FRANCE.
January 1st. Napoleon received the Prussian Minister to France, Baron von Goltz, as
Ambassador of the North German Confederation.— The Government urged the Chamber to pai-s
the bill for the reorganization and increase of the army.
14th. The Legislative Body passed the Army Reorganization bill by 190 votes against 60;
by this bill every Frenchman is obliged to serve in the National Guard.— Ten of the public news
papers of Paris were fined 1,000 francs each, for printing unlawful reports of the proceedings of
the Corps Legislatif.
22d. Conclusion of a postal treaty with the Netherlands. — The people regarded the new
army bill with great disfavor.
February 4th. The new military law received the Imperial sanction.
9th. France consented to expel the Hanoverian political refugees from her soil.
14th. The treaty of Customs between France, Prussia and Mecklenburg signed.
15th. Exchange of the ratification of this treaty. — The French army was rapidly reorga
nized under the new law.
18th. Napoleon accredited a new Minister to Japan.
21st. Conclusion of a treaty between France and Italy concerning the French inhabiting
Italy and the Italians inhabiting France. — The Legislative body rejected, by a vote of 155 to 67,
an amendment to the Press Law, providing for the publication of a full report of the proceed
ings of that body.
March 3d. The organization of the National Guard Corps was completed.
9th. The Legislative Body adopted, by 242 votes against 1, the Press Law, and by 230 votes
against 12, a law on the contingent.
24th. Erneutes occurred at Bordeaux, Lyons, Marseilles and other towns on account of the
new army bill.
25th. The Legislative Body adopted, by 209 votes against 22, a law on the right of as
sembling.
April 2d. The Senate adopted 4 laws concerning the reorganization of the army. — At the
end of the month, the French charge d'affaires and consul general at Tunis broke off his diplo
matic relations with the government of the Bey.
May 6th. The Senate adopted, by 93 votes against 24, the law on the Press.
lOth. The Emperor signed the law on the Press. — A mixed commission presided over by a
Frenchman was established to regulate the difficulties between France and Tunis.
29th. The Senate adopted the law on the right of assembling by 86 votes against 24.
3Oth. The disputes with the Bey having terminated, the French charge d'affaires renewed
his diplomatic relations with the Tunisian government.
31st. The Emperor visited Rouen and delivered two brief speeches.
June 2d. Prince Napoleon left Paris on a visit to Baden.
6th. Visit of Prince Napoleon to Vienna.
21st. He left Pesth for Constantinople.
26th. The Legislative Body adopted, by 210 votes against 13, a motion of the government
asking for the increase of the contingent for 1869 to 100,000 men.
3Oth. The French Legislative opposition objected to the heavy cost of the military force
kept in and near Rome.
July 19th. The Emperor Napoleon made a pacific speech at Paris.— The Legislative Body
passed the war budget.— An imperial decree facilitated the importation of breadstuff's.
28th. The Corps Legislative closed its sessions.
31st. The Senate was prorogued. — The collection tonnage dues from all vessels entering
French ports with cargoes of cereals was suspended for three months ; this decree went into
effect Oct. let.
August. Rochefort, editor of "La Lanterne," was condemned to prison for one year and to
pay a fine of 10,000 francs.
6th. Queen Victoria reached Paris.
14th. The Emperor reviewed a large body of troops.— Extraor^-.-.ary popularity of the
new loan.
31st. A portion of the French troops were recalled from Rome.
1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 761
September 18th. The Emperor and Empress visited the Queen of Spain at St. Sebastian.
—Explosion of a cartridge factory at Metz ; 40 persons were killed and 110 wounded.
October 19th. Duel between Marfori and Rochefort, editor of the "Lanterue ;" the latter
was badly wounded.
November. The Government persecuted all journals having urged subscriptions for a
monument of Baudin.— Discovery of a conspiracy.
14th. Death of Rossini, the great composer.
15th. Death of Baron Rothschild.
16th. The office and material of the "Temps" of Paris were seized by the police, and
prosecutions commenced against other journals.
28th. Death of the celebrated advocate Berryer.— The editors of the Reveil, Tribune,
LTAvenir, Temps and Journal de Paris, were fined and imprisoned for encouraging the Baudin
subscriptions.
December 1st. Strike of the printers at Paris.
17th. Change in the Ministry.
23d. Napoleon officially received the Spanish Ambassador, Olozaga.
28th. France invited Russia to attend the Eastern Conference.
GERMANY.
NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION.
January 3d. The Duchy of Lauenburg entered into the Zollverein.
8th. The Prussian Diet adopted a series of resolutions taking strong ground in favor of
freedom of speech and inviolability of the members of the Diet, by a majority of 30. — The diplo
matic representation of the North German Confederation superseded the former Ambassadors
of particular States.
18th. The Prussian Diet authorized a railroad loan.
February. Conclusion of a postal treaty with Belgium.
2d. Count Bismarck threatened to dissolve the Parliament on the question of voting indem
nity to the dethroned monarchs. The demanded supply was voted.
5th. The Italian minister to the North German Confederation was cordially received by the
King of Prussia.
1 7th. Count Bismarck seriously ill.
22d. Conclusion of a treaty between the Confederation and the United States, concerning
the nationality of persons emigrating from one of the two countries to the other.
29th. The Prussian Diet adjourned. Speech of the King.
March 2d. Confiscation of the property of ex-King George of Hanover.
4th. Convocation of the North German Parliament.
5th. Visit of Prince Napoleon at Berlin.
lOth. The Zollverein concluded a commercial treaty with Austria.
23d. Opening of the North German Parliament. Speech of the King of Prussia, in which
he refers hopefully to the probable effect of the American naturalization treaty.
3Oth. Conclusion of a treaty of commerce and navigation between Spain, the Confederation
and the States of the Zollverein not belonging to the Confederacy. Exchange of ratification
at Madrid.
April 2d. The North German Confederation ratified the naturalization treaty with the United
States, the Polish members and a few others voting against it.
8th. Conclusion of a postal treaty between the Confederation and Denmark.
13th. Convocation of the Customs Parliament.
2Oth. Journey of -the Royal Prince of Prussia in Italy.— The North German Parliament
Instructed Count von Bismarck to enter into negotiations with foreign powers for the purpose
of establishing by treaty, the absolute neutrality of private property at sea during time of war.
—The Customs Parliament rejected by a decided vote, the address of the Party of National
Unity.
23d. Adjourning of the Customs Parliament. Speech of the King of Prussia.
25th. The Saxon Upper House adopted the Jury system.
28th. The abolition of the penalty of death was rejected by the Saxon Upper House and
adopted by the Lower.
29th. The Government of North Germany abolished imprisonment for debt.
June 17th. The North German Parliament passed the budget for the Confederation.
2Oth. Adjourning of the North German Parliament. Speech of the King of Prussia.
22d. Journey of the King to Hanover.
762 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
July. The Government stopped all prosecutions against the adopted citizens of America
Of German birth.
lOth. At a trial of the reaping machines of the world, at Berlin, the English reapers re
ceived the international prize.
August 1 1th. The two Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg and the free city of Lubeck joined
the Zollverein, which now extends over 39,000,000 inhabitants. — The North German Confedera
tion proposed to reform the laws relative to emigration, by an international negotiation.
September. The army was considerably reduced.
November 4th. Opening of the Diet by the King. The Upper House elected as its Pres
ident, Count Stollberg, the Lower, Herr von Forckenbeck. The financial budget showed a
deficit of 5,200,000 thalers.
2Oth. The Diet voted in favor of the entire freedom of debate. The deputies from Schles-
wig, refusing to take the constitutional oath, were denied seats in the Diet.
December 19th. The Upper House of Deputies rejected the resolution guaranteeing
immunity from arrest for words spoken in debate.
SOUTH GEKMAN STATES.— BAVARIA.
January 31st. Publication of a military code to operate from February 1, 18G8.
February 24th. Death of Baron von Pechmaun, Minister of the Interior.
28th. Ex-king Louis I. died.
March 28th. Tumults at Traunstein (Upper Bavaria) on account of militia matters.
31st. Herr von Hoermann was appointed Minister of the Interior.
May 26th. Proclamation of the King at the anniversary of the constitution. He promised
to stand by it.
SOth. Conclusion of a naturalization treaty with the United States.
September 21st. Beginning of the Military Convention of the South German States at
Munich.
November 4th. Opening of the Diet.
BADEN.
February 4th. Death of Mathy, the Minister of State and Finances.
12th. De Jolly was charged with forming a new Cabinet.
13th. The President of the Council, Jolly, announced the formation of the Cabinet, and his
political programme. His aim was the unity of Germany.
15th. The Houses adjourned.
July. Conclusion of a treaty regarding the mutual protection of the rights of naturalized
citizens, with the United States.
WURTEMBERG.
February. The Chamber of Deputies adopted unanimously, the Jury system.
2Oth. The Landtag adjourned. Speech of the King.
March 16th. Publication of the new Judiciary law.
HESSE.
June 25th. Inauguration of the Luther Monument at Worms, in the presence of the King
of Prussia and other sovereigns.
July. The American naturalization treaty was adopted.
GREAT BRITAIN.
January 9th. Committal of the Fenians Burke, Casey, Shaw and Mullaney, to Warwick
Jail, for trial, on charge of treason.
12th. The steamship Chicago ran ashore in a fog, near Queenstown, Ireland.
14th. Shock of an earthquake felt at St. Andrews, Canada.
17th. G. F. Train arrested at Queenstown, Ireland, by the Government.
18th. Fenians attacked a martello tower near Dungannon, Ireland, and were repulsed.— A
number of Fenians were arrested.
24th. Great gales over the united kingdom.
26th. Wide-spread distress in the eastern districts of London.
February 1st. A terrific storm prevailed all over England.
3d. A fearful snow storm raged over Newfoundland.— The steamer Aurora was sunk at La-
cnine, Canada.
lOth. Fenian riots and deadly assaults on the police in Cork.
1 1th. Death of Sir David Brewster.
1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 763
12th. Terrific storm in Newfoundland. — More disturbances at Cork.
13th. Opening of the Parliament without Royal speech.
14th. The Fenian leader, Leniion, was sentenced in Dublin, to 15 years' imprisonment, with
hard labor.
19th. The Commons adopted a bill for the renewal of the suspension of the habeas corpus
act in Ireland. — Conviction of Sullivan and Pigot, at Dublin, for seditious libels on the Gov
ernment.
25th. Count Derby resigned on account of ill health.— Disraeli was charged with the for
mation of a new cabinet.
28th. The authorities of Ireland were empowered to apprehend or detain, for a limited
time, such persons as should be suspected of conspiring against her majesty's person or gov
ernment.— The Nova Scotia House of Assembly passed resolutions against the Provincial Union,
by a vote of 36 to 2.
29th. Fenian treason trials in Sligo, Ireland.
March 3d. Gen. Nagle was tried for Fenianism by a jury, in Dublin.— G. F. Train was
again arrested at Dublin.
5th. Disraeli declared to the Commons that he would continue the policy of Lord Derby,
and that his programme was one of peace. — Lord Malmesbury declared the same to the House
of Lords.
12th. Prince Alfred was wounded in the back by a pistol-shot by the Fenian O'Farrell, at
Port Jackson, Australia.
18th. The Disraeli cabinet adjourned the whole plan of Irish reform to the next Parliament.
—A great flood washed away ten miles of the Great Western Railroad track, near Chatham,
Canada West.
23d. Capt. Mackay sentenced to penal servitude for twelve years.— The House of Commons
passed the bill for the abolition of Church rates.
27th. The Fenians Thompson and Mullauey, were convicted for killing the policeman Brett,
at Manchester, and were sentenced to imprisonment at hard labor for life.
3Oth. Mr. Gladstone moved that, the House of Commons resolve itself into a committee to
consider the Acts relating to the Established Church of Ireland.
April 4th. The motion of Lord Stanley to postpone the Irish Church question until the
next Parliament, was negatived by 330 to 270 votes. — The House adopted Gladstone's motion,
328 to 272. — The Government proclaimed the adopted son of the Maharadia, of Mysore, suc
cessor of the latter.
7th. Thomas D'Arcy McGee was assassinated at Ottawa, Canada. — Enthusiastic meetings
of the Liberal party all over England.
8th. Dr. Livingstone was heard from.
12th. Death, at Hatfield House, in Herfordshire, of the Marquis of Salisbury, aged
77 years.
1 5th. Visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Ireland.
21st. The Commons adopted a motion asking that executions should no longer take place
in public.— Death of Gen. Simpson, commander-in-chief of the English army in the Crimea, at
the age of 76 years.
27th. Close of the trial of the Fenian prisoners for murder in the Clerkenwell explosion.—
Barrett only convicted, and sentenced to death ; all the others were acquitted.
3Oth. The Commons adopted, by 330 against 265 votes, the first of Gladstone's resolutions.
— Conclusion of a treaty of navigation with Austria. — Conviction of Burke and Shaw for
felony ; the former sentenced to fifteen years', and the latter to seven years' penal servitude.
May 4th. Disraeli stated that the Queen refused to receive the resignation of the ministers
until an appeal was made to the new constituencies.
" 0th. Death, at Cannes, France, of Lord Henry Brougham.
lOth. No-Popery riots at Ashton-under-Lyne.
1 1th. The Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill passed.
14th. The Protestant Bishops of Ireland sent to the Queen an address against the abolition
of the Irish Church.
18th. Baxter's motion that in order to avoid increasing the number of members in the
House, English boroughs under 5,000 in population be disfranchised, carried by 217 to 196.—
Bouverie's amendment on the Scotch Reform Bill, to reject the clause requiring payment of
rates as a qualification, carried by 118 to 96.
26th. Michael Barrett, convicted of causing the Clerkenwell explosion, was executed at
Newgate, London.
764 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
June 1st. Pigot and Sullivan, the Fenian editors, set free by issue of a writ of error.
2d. The Grand Jury in the case of Eyre, late Governor of Jamaica, found no true bill, and
the prosecution \vas therefore closed. — Departure of the greater portion of the expeditionary
force from Abyssinia.
18th. The Commons rejected Col. French's amendment to the Irish Reform Bill reducing
the county franchise from £12 to £8.— The Scotch Reform Bill passed.
25th. The Irish Reform Bill was passed by the Commons.
29th. The House of Lords rejected the Irish Church bill.
July 2d. The thanks of Parliament voted to Sir Robert Napier and the army of Abyssinia.
6th. Accouchement of the Princess of Wales of a princess.
7th. The Scotch Representation Bill passed by the House of Lords.— Gen. Napier was made
Lord Napier of Magdala.
9th. The Irish Reform bill passed the House of Lords.
13th. An act was passed to carry into effect a convention between her Majesty and the
Emperor of the French, concerning the fisheries in the seas adjoining the British Islands and .
France, and to amend the laws regarding British sea fisheries ; also an act to amend the repre
sentation of the people in Ireland.
23d. The Commons passed the bill providing for the purchase of all the telegraph lines by
the Government.
31st. An act was passed for enabling her Majesty to accept a surrender, upon terms, of the
lands, privileges and rights of u the governor and company of adventurers of England trading
in Hudson's Bay," and for admitting Hudson's Bay Territory into the dominion of Canada.—
The Parliament was prorogued.— The habeas corpus was restored in Ireland, and the prisoners
affected by it were set free.
August 1st. Twenty-three persons crushed to death at Manchester, while attempting to
leave Music Hall, during a panic created by an alarm of fire.
3d. Failure of the Atlantic Cable of 1866.
8th. Continued drought throughout the United Kingdom.— Queen Victoria in Switzer
land.
lOth. Two persons sentenced to twelve months' hard labor at Bristol, for personation of
voters at the recent election. — Editor Pigot was pardoned.
13th. Serious anti-rent riots at Tipperary, Ireland.
2Oth. Fearful railroad accident at Cardigan, Wales ; 27 persons were killed.
September 4th. Repeal resolutions passed by the Nova Scotia House.
5th. No-Popery riot in Manchester.
6th. A large number of rioters were arrested in Manchester.
14th. First interview of the new American Minister, Reverdy Johnson, with the Queen.
16th. The town of Barkerville, British Columbia, was destroyed by fire.
October 7th. Thirty lives were lost in London, by explosion in a pyrotechnic factory.
November llth. The Parliament was dissolved.
13th. Beginning of the elections.— The Queen received Mr. Burlingame, the Einbassador of
China, at Windsor Castle.— Election tumults in Bristol, Belfast and Cork.
17th. The riot act was read in Bolton.
2Oth. Serious riots at Drogheda, during the elections ; the troops fired upon the people.
21st. The commission for the arrangement of the Alabama claims to sit in Washington.—
Disraeli refused the peerage.
24th. One hundred and four persons were killed and wounded by the explosion of a coal
mine at Arley.
December 2d. The Ministry resigned.
3d. Gladstone accepted the appointment of Premier. — John Bright accepted a place in the
Ministry.
6th. Great gales ; many ships were wrecked.
lOth. Opening of the new Parliament. — The members of Gladstone's cabinet formally ac
cepted their appointments.
18th. Earthquake shock at Gibraltar.
21st. Nearly all the members of the new Parliament appointed to government positions
were re-elected.
GREECE.
February 6th. Ministerial crisis.— The cabinet was dissolved, and Bulgaria charged to
form a new one.
8th. The Parliament was dissolved.
1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 705
March 6th. Six hundred women and children, refugees from Crete, were brought to the
Piraeus by a Russian frigate.
April 3d. Beginning of the Election which resulted in a larger majority for this ministry.
May 7th. Opening of the Parliament.— Speech of the King.
June. The foreign ministers in Athens protested against Candian members being admitted
to the Legislature of Greece.— They were, consequently not admitted.
July 27th. The Metropolitan of Athens called on Mr. Tuckermann, U. S. minister and
thanked him for the sympathy of the United States with the Greek nation.
December. The King of Denmark and the Prince of Wales urged the King of Greece to
concede the demands of the Sultan. — The Grecian Government refused the Sultan's demands. —
The military reserves were called out- — Two war vessels were ordered to Syra.
22d. The Government demanded of the Chambers a credit of one hundred million drachmas.
—Troops were levied, and towns fortified.
24th. The Greek minister in Constantinople left. — The Chambers granted the demands of
the Government for men and money.
28th. The Foreign Minister declared that the kingdom would make any sacrifice for the
maintenance of its rights.
ITALY.
January 1 st. King Victor Emanuel advised the people and Parliament to remain calm
during the crisis.
4th. Conclusion of a commercial treaty with China, at Florence.
5th. New cabinet formed out of a minority of the Chamber of Deputies.— Alarming erup
tion of Mount Vesuvius.
1 1th. Re-opening of the Parliament.
2Oth. Prime Minister Menabrea informed the Spanish Government that Italy would not
admit the interference with her affairs of any foreign power, except France.— The Government
recognized the republic of Mexico, and accredited a minister to it.— The sales of church property
proved very profitable to the government.— The legislative opposition on the question of the
budget was defeated.
22d. The Legislature passed an income tax bill.
February 3d. A thanksgiving festival, prepared by the ecclesiastical authorities on account
of the battle of Montana, was prohibited by the government.
lOth. Death, at Turin, of Count Thaon di Revel, formerly State Minister, Senator, and
Municipal Councilor.
13th. Signing, at Florence, of the final protocol regarding the regulation of the frontiers
of Valteline, and the Canton Grisons.
2Oth. Creation of the order of the Crown of Italy.
21st. Conclusion of a treaty with Switzerland concerning the church property of the dio
cese of Como.
March 1st. The workingmen of Genoa addressed Admiral Farragut and complimented the
liberal feeling of the American people. — Manilas remains were returned to Venice, and received
with great honor. — A uian-of-war was sent to Japan.
29th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the treaties with China, Japan and Uruguay, and
a motion concerning a postal treaty with the Netherlands.
April 22d. Marriage of Prince Humbert with the Princess Margaret of Italy, his cousin.—
Violent riots in Bologna.
June 9th. Opening of the Mount Cenis Railway across the Alps.
17th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted, by 160 against 57 votes, the project of law increas
ing the direct taxes by one-tenth.
23d. The French General, Dumont, announced in Civita Vecchia, that Napoleon would
never abandon the Pope.
August 3d. The Second Chamber resolved to limit the issue of notes to 750 mill, (francs).
—The Tobacco Trade Convention was adopted, 205 to 161 votes.
September 17th. Cardinal Reisach was sentenced, by a civil court at Rieti, to pay a fine
of 500 francs, for attempting to take possession of the See of Sabina, by order of the Pope,
without the authority of the King.— Gen. Garibaldi resigned his seat in the National Par
liament.
November. Mount Vesuvius was in a violent state of eruption ; the light was seen 150
miles distant at sea.— The Parliament began its sessions.— The Finance Minister's budget
showed a diminution of the deficit by 81 millions.
December 27th. Garibaldi issued an encouraging manifesto to the Cretans.
766 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
NETHERLANDS.
January 3d. A royal decree ordered the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies.
lOth. The Minister of State, (de Kock), resigned his function as chief of the Royal
Cabinet.
22d. Election of a new Chamber of Deputies ; it resulted in the election of 35 ministerial,
and 38 opposition candidates.
February 25th. Opening of the session of the Chambers by the Minister of the Interior.
March 2d. De Thorbecke protested against the last dissolution of the Chambers.
7th. The debates concerning Thorbecke1 s protest were concluded. — The Chamber of Depu
ties resolved, by 65 votes against 5, to wait for the presentation of the diplomatic documents
promised by the ministry before voting on the motion of Blusse declaring that the last dissolu
tion of the Chambers was not in the interest of the country.
14th. The Minister of Foreign Affairs presented to the Chamber of Deputies the diplomatic
documents concerning Luxemburg.
17th. Report of the commission regarding the diplomatic documents presented by the
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
23d. The report of the commission having been adopted on the 21st, by 55 votes against 18,
the motion of Blusse to disapprove the dissolution of the Chambers, was adopted by 39 against
34 votes.
April 3d. The Chamber of Deputies adjourned its session to the 21st of April.
28th. The Chamber of Deputies rejected the project of the budget of Foreign Affairs by 37
votes against 33. — The discussion was adjourned. — All the ministers resigned.
May 23d. Van Reenen and Baron Mackay, having successively failed to form a new cabinet,
the king confided this task to Thorbecke.
June 3d, 4th and 8th. End of the ministerial crisis.— New Cabinet.— The ministries
for Public Worship were abolished. — Riotous demonstrations in Luxemburg, in sympathy with
France ; they were promptly suppressed.
12th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the budgets for war, navy, finances and colonies.
22d. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the budgets for Surinam and Curacao.
November. Serious riots iu Rotterdam quelled by the troops ; twenty-two persons were
killed.
PAPAL STATES.
February 8th. Gen. de Failly transmitted the command of the French Army of Occupa
tion, which was reduced to a single brigade, to Gen. Dumont.
March 4th. Prince Lucien Bonaparte was created a Cardinal.
17th. The Pope rejected Napoleon's plan for a settlement with Italy.
2Oth. Admiral Farragut received by the Pope.
May 8th. Conclusion of a treaty of commerce and navigation with North Germany and
the Zollverein.
June 22d. The Pope addressed two allocutions to the Secret Consistory ; in the one he
announced the convocation of a General Council ; in the other he spoke against the abolition
of the Austrian Concordat.
29th. The Pope issued a bull calling a general council of the Church, at Rome, on Decem
ber 8, 1869.
August. The foreign soldiers in the service of the Pope deserted in large numbers.
November 2d. A Revolutionary Committee was organized in Rome.
PORTUGAL.
January 3d. Anti-tax riot in Lisbon.— The Cabinet resigned.
4th. New Cabinet.— The King and Queen fired upon while returning from a hunting party ;
they were unhurt.— The Parliament was dissolved.
February. The Government authorized the laying of a telegraphic cable across the
Atlantic, the line to be run from Falmouth to Oporto, thence to the Azores and the United
States.
April 15th. Opening of the Cortes.— Speech of the King.
21st. Exchange of ratifications of a treaty of amity, commerce and navigation with the
Republic of Liberia.
June 25th. General amnesty for political crimes.
July. Changes in the Cabinet.— The Duke of Louie was charged with the formation of a
new Cabinet.
1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 767
August. The second Chamber authorized material reforms, by 100 votes to 13.— Extensive
fire at Lisbon, half a million dollars worth of property destroyed.
October. Expedition against Mozambique ; the Portuguese troops, surprised by the natives,
suffered severely.
RUSSIA.
January. The extensive gold fields discovered near the Amoor were guarded by Russian
troops.
18th. Death of Prince Basil Dolgoroukoff, General of Cavalry, Adjutant-General, and Min
ister of War.
February. The Czar protested with the other European powers, against the extensive
armament going on in the Principality of Servia.
29th. An Imperial ukase ordered the suppression of the Government Commission for the
domestic affairs of the kingdom of Poland, and the subordination of the administration of the
kingdom to the different authorities of the Empire.— An Imperial ukase ordered the amalga
mation of the Ministry of Postal Affairs and Telegraphs with that of the Interior.
April 1 5th. Russia refused to mediate between Denmark and Germany in the Schleswig
question.
May 1st. Beginning of hostilities against the Emir of Bokhara.
2d. Battle in Bokhara ; the troops of the Emir were beaten and the city of Bokhara was
taken.
24th. A semi-official paper St. Petersburg announced the conclusion of a commercial treaty
with Khokand.
25th. Battle near Samarcand ; the Bokharians were defeated.
26th. Samarcand was taken by Gen. Kaufmann.
June 1st. Another great battle between the Russians and Bokharians, in which the
former were victorious.
6th. Publication of an amnesty for political crimes. — Prince Gortschakoff proposed to the
Powers a Convention for prohibiting the use of certain explosive projectiles. — The Emperor
mitigated the sentences of many exiles in Siberia.
July. The Russians in Central Asia formed an alliance with Feroz Shah, thus advancing
nearer to the north-western frontier of British India.— Conclusion of a peace between the Emir
of Bokhara and the Czar's General commanding in Central Asia.— The troops of the Czar
evacuated Samarcand.
November. The International Military Commission met in St. Petersburg under the presi
dency of the Russian Minister of War. — The Emperor appointed Jan. 11, 1869, for a general
draft to fill the army.
December. Russia asked that hostilities between Greece and Turkey be suspended until
the proposed Conference had ended its deliberations.
25th. Russia urged the United States to take part in the Turko-Grecian Conference.
SPAIN.
January. Teneriffe, in the Canary Islands, was visited by a violent and destructive hur
ricane.
4th. The Captain-General of Cuba placed the island under military government.
22d. The Minister of Foreign Affairs informed the Italian Government that Spain was de
termined to uphold the temporal power of the Pope.
23d. Amnesty for the persons compromised in the insurrections of 1866 and 1867.
29th. A brigade of soldiers was formed for the support of the Pope.
February 5th. It was dissolved owing to the remonstrance of France.
15th. Sev. Catalina was appointed Minister of the Navy.
March llth. The Chamber of Deputies adopted a law granting a longer period for the
conversion of bonds of the Passive Debt.
2Oth. The Minister of Finance was authorized to contract a loan of 55 millions of francs.
27th. The Government paid an indemnity to England for the seizure of the ship Queen
Victoria.
30th. Signing, at Madrid, of the treaty of commerce with North Germany.— The Govern
ment rigorously excluded all American newspapers.
April. Tumults recommenced in Catalonia.
13th. Catalonia was again placed under martial law.
23d. Death of Marshal R. M. Narvaez, Duke of Valencia, President of the Council of Min
istry and minister of War, in consequence of which all the ministers gave in their resignation.—
768 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
The Minister of the Interior, L. Gonz. Bravo Murillo was charged with the formation of a new
Cabinet.
24th. New Cabinet : Bravo, President of Interior ; Roncali, Justice and, provisionally,
Foreign Affairs ; Catalina, Public Works ; Belda, Navy ; Marfori, Colonies ; Orobio, Finances ;
Lieut.-Gen. Mayalcle y Villaroya, War; Bravo declared to the Chamber of Deputies that he
would continue the political programme of his predecessor.
May 8th. The Senate adopted the budget for 1869.
9th. The Senate approved the commercial treaty with the Zollverein.
2Oth. A royal decree adjourned the Cortes.
June 16th. Change in the Cabinet: Roncali was definitely appointed Minister of Foreign
Affairs ; Coronado, Minister of Justice ; Marfori, Minister of the Royal House.
July 6th. Arrest of the Duke and Duchess of Montpensier at Seville ; they were exiled by
order of the Q.ueen.
8th. The late Captain-General of Cuba, Gen. Dulce, Marshal Serrano, and other high officer?
of the army, were arrested on a charge of conspiring against the Queen's throne ; they were
banished to the Canary Islands.
14th. The army was exhorted to loyalty by the General commanding at Madrid.
28th. Measures of military repression were directed against the insurrectionary movement.
August. Discontent increased and extended to the navy. — Martial law was declared in
Barcelona. — Insurgents were moving in Aragon and Catalonia. — Secret presses circulated pam
phlets against the government. — The Captain Generals of Madrid and Barcelona, Marquis
Novaliches, Count Cheste and the Minister of War resigned.
September 18th. Outbreak of the revolution. — Admiral Topete, commanding the naval
forces off Cadiz, revolted. — All the exiled Generals returned. — Gen. Concha was commissioned
to command the royal forces. — The Minister President, Gonzalez Bravo, resigned and escaped
to France.
28th. In the battle of Alcola, the royal troops were defeated.
29th. Madoz was declared President of the Provisional Junta.
SOth. Queen Isabella crossed the frontier in her flight to France.— The deposition of the
Queen and the sovereignty of the people were publicly and officially proclaimed by the Provi
sional Government.
October. The insurrection spread throughout the greater part of the kingdom ; it prevailed
at Alicante, at Leon, in Malaga, in the provinces of Bejar and Alcoy.— Lersundi, the Captain
General of Cuba, acknowledged the sovereignty of the new provisional government in Spain. —
The Junta called out the militia. — The whole kingdom of Spain recognized the Provisional
Government. — A perfect understanding existed between the heads of the several parties.
3d. Madrid was won by the revolutionists without the spilling of blood.— Marshal Serrano,
accompanied by seven generals of the army, entered Madrid in triumph. — Gen. Serrano, the
head of the moderate "Liberal Union" party, and Gen. Prim, the head of the more radical Pro
gressists, agreed to call Marshal Espartero, Duke of Victoria, to the head of the State. — A new
ministry was formed, of which Serrano was made President.
4th. Isabella issued her protest against the revolutionists.
7th. A provisional government was organized by the sanction of Gen. Prim and Serrano,
honorary Presidents. — Santa Anna was ordered to leave Cuba.
12th. The Provisional Government decreed the expulsion of the Jesuits.
16th. The Provisional Government declared the children of all slaves free. — The election
of a Constitutional Assembly was fixed for the 15th of November ; it was subsequently postponed
to January, 1869. — The Provisional Government introduced important reforms : administrative
decentralization, universal suffrage, religious liberty, the right of public assemblage, the right
of trial by jury, and equality of all men before the law.— The American Minister was the first
to congratulate the Government on the great changes.— The Central Provisional Junta in Mad
rid and the several Juntas in the Province having been dissolved, the new government was in
trusted to Marshal Serrano.
26th. A battle was fought at Tunas, Cuba, between the government troops and a num
ber of insurgents.
November. The city of Havana was authorized to borrow 10,000,000 crowns to finish the
Isabella canal.— A powerful naval and military expedition fitted out in Cadiz to accompany the
new Captain-General Dulee to Cuba, to whom extensive powers were granted. — The Govern
ments of Prussia, Italy, France, Belgium, England and Portugal, opened diplomatic inter
course with the Provisional Government.— The Ministerial Report on the financial condition
of the country, calculated a deficit of 2,500 millions of reals, and urged the necessity of extra-
1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 769
ordinary expenses in consequence of famine and the generally prevailing want of work.— A
decree of the Government opened a public subscription for a loan of 200 millions of Spanish
dollars, to be guaranteed by the crown domains to the amount of 2,110 millions of reals*.— The
term of service in the navy was shortened by two years.— Marshal Serrano confirmed Gen.
Prim's appointment as Commander-in-Chief of the Spanish army.— The Republicans held
meetings declaring against the re-establishment of a monarchy. — The Minister of Justice author
ized the building of a Protestant church in Madrid.— The Bishops organized a reaction in the
country, and protested against the suppression of the convents.— Nearly all commanders of the
provinces asked for a reinforcement of their troops ; Prim refused it.— Marshal Serrano nomi
nated 25 Councillors of State.— Justices of Peace were re-appointed in the provinces.— The in
habitants of the Balearic and Canary islands petitioned for religious toleration.— Count Bal-
maseda was authorized to pardon all insurgents in Cuba, except the leaders. — The insurgents in
possession of Bayanio, and other towns. — The revolutionary committee in Havana claimed bellig
erent rights for the insurrectionary forces. — Puerto Principe revolted. Five war vessels were
immediately sent against the insurgents. — The Government declared the freedom of the colonial
ports. — An immense meeting of 50,000 people in Madrid, presided over by Olozaga, pronounced
for monarchy.— Republicanism advocated in Cadiz, and Seville. — The insurrection continued in
Cuba; Man/anillo besieged by the insurgents ; frequent skirmishes. — The Spanish troops forti
fied Puerto Principe.— Tumults in Seville ; they were subdued by the troops. — The term of sub
scriptions for the loan was extended to the 15th of December. — The Minister of Finance abol
ished the differential duties. — Great demonstrations of the Constitutionalists and the Republi
cans at Barcelona. — The Carlists issued an election manifesto in Paris. — A strong party aspired
to independence in Cuba, and promised the planters a great remission of taxes. — Capt. Gen.
Lersundi pardoned several prominent revolutionists. — In a fight near Santa Cruz, the insur
gents were routed. — The Spanish merchants of Havana raised three months' volunteers for
service against the insurgents. — Republican demonstrations prevalent in Spain. The Govern
ment declared that the people were in favor of a monarchy. — The insurgents in Cuba routed
Col. Quiros and drove him into Santiago de Cuba. — Numerous demonstrations in Porto Rico
against the authorities. — The town of Holguin captured by the revolutionary forces.
December. Espartero was asked to become temporary Dictator of Spain. — Gen. Prim de
clared the Spanish Government would have nothing to do with the Bourbons.— The revolution
ary Junta of Cuba refused to accept any reforms offered as an inducement to surrender, and
declared their determination to fight for independence. — The Spanish press urged the concession
of liberal reforms for Cuba and the settlement of the slavery question. — Carlist movements were
organizing in the provinces — Santiago de Cuba was closely surrounded by the insurgents, who
recaptured Villa del Cobre.— Severe fight at the foot of Mount Alta Garcia, between Puerto
Principe and Nuevitas : likewise at Moran.
9th. Rising of the Republicans in Cadiz.— The insurgents occupied prominent positions
and were well supplied with arms.— Bloody conflict.— An armistice of two days was agreed to,
the insurgents demanding terms of capitulation.— Count Balmaseda defeated the insurgents
in Cuba.— The Government did not accede to the demands made by the insurgents of Cadiz-
Gen. Caballero de Roda issued a proclamation, giving the people time until the 13th to lay
down their arms.— The insurgents surrendered and gave up their arms.— The troops entered the
city.— New risings in Cuba.— The leaders of all political parties in Spain pledged themselves to
preserve peace until the questions at issue were settled by the Constituent Cortes.— Steam
transports arrived with troops in Cuba.— A portion of the Progressists in favor of Espartero
as King.— A Carlist conspiracy discovered at Navarra.
18th. Shock of earthquake in Gibraltar.— The steamer Pclayo sailed from Havana for San
tiago with 1,000 men to reinforce the troops operating against the insurgents.— The Republican
party in Spain developed great strength.— The municipal elections resulted in a victory of the
monarchists at Madrid; the republicans carried Seville, Barcelona, and a large number of the
provincial capitals.
2Oth. The insurrection at Toro, in the province of Zamora was promptly suppressed.
23d. Four thousand troops with artillery advanced to attack Bayamo, held by the Cuban
insurgents.— Eight hundred volunteers landed on the south side of Cuba to join the Cubans.—
Ten thousand insurgents surrounded Santiago de Cuba. — Manzanillo was closely besieged.
3 1st. A Republican rising at Malaga.
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
February 29th. The Second Chamber declared by 100 votes against 69, against abolishing
the penalty of death.
49
770 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
March. 3d. The First Chamber also declared against the abolition of capital punishment by
a great majority.
April 9th. The Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Count Manderstroem), of Finances (Baron
d'Ugglas), of War (Abelin), and of the Interior (de Lagerstrale), resigned.
15th. The King refused to accept their resignation.
May 16th. Closing of the Chambers. Speech of the King.
2 1 st. A German expedition to the North Pole left Bergen in the ship Gcrmania.— A Swedish
expedition sailed to explore Spitzbergen.
June 4th. End of the Ministerial crisis, and appointment of a new Ministry.
SWITZERLAND.
January 3d. The Federal Council resolved to renew diplomatic relations with Mexico.
26th. A great majority of the voters of Zurich (about 60,000 voting), decided for the revision
of the constitution by the Council of Constitution.
February 9th. The Grand Council of Freiburg resolved by 51 votes against 34 to re-estab
lish the penalty of death.
March 6th. Strike of laborers at Geneva.
16th. The people of Neufchatel decided with a great majority against the revision of the
constitution.
April 1 9th. A great majority of the people of Thurgau decideld in favor of revising the
constitution.
May 1st. The Papal Government adhered to the convention of Geneva, (August 22, 1864).
August 17th. 200 Polish emigrants and about twice as many sympathizers* from various
countries met at Rapperswyl, Canton of St. Gall, to inaugurate a monument commemorative
of their nation's struggle for independence.
November. The elections for the National Council resulted in the election of 74 conserva
tives and 30 radicals.
TURKEY.
January. Battle between the Cretans and Turks; the former successful. — The Cretans re
jected all overtures from Turkey, and insisted upon expelling invaders from the island.
February. Recommencement of fights in Crete.
1st. The Viceroy of Egypt recalled his army contingent from Abyssinia at the request of
England.
1 1th. The Grand Vizier was recalled from Crete.
19th. The Government adhered to the international telegraphic convention of May 17, 1865.
—Defeat of the Turks near the town of Cauea.
24th. The Senate of Rumania voted by a majority of 3 votes, to disapprove the action of
the Government.
25th. The Rumanian Chamber of Deputies gave, by 91 votes against 32, a vote of confi
dence to the Ministers.
March 7th. The Assembly of Montenegro convoked February 10, by Prince Nicholas I.,
changed the form of government ; the entire administration was entrusted to the Senate, which
was responsible to the National Assembly, leaving to the Prince the external policy only.— The
National Assembly of Crete sent an appeal to the United States.— The Porte refused the con
cession of an American naval station on the coast of Asiatic Turkey.
13th. The Grand Vizier stated officially that the war in Crete was at an end.
14th. Fight near Aprocoronia, in Crete, between Ali Pasha and the insurgents. The Turks
were defeated.
17th. Opening of the Chambers of Egypt.
April. Changes in the Egyptian Cabinet. Cherif Pasha was appointed Minister of the In
terior, Ismail Pasha, Minister of Finances.
May 3d. The Cretans defeated the Turks near Sphakia.
lOth. The Sultan opened the new State Council by an address in which he announced
the presentation of divers projects of laws and ministerial reports regarding the situation of
the Empire, especially the state of public works and the organization of the army. He con
cluded his address by declaring that Turkey should sincerely endeavor to adopt European
civilization.
1 1th. The President of the Rumanian Ministry, Stephen Golesco, resigned.
13th. Nicholas Golesco was charged with forming a new Cabinet. He accepted the Presi
dency and the portfolio of Foreign Affairs.— The Provisional government of Crete decided to
convoke a Parliament.
1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 771
June lOth. Assassination of Prince Michel III. Obrenovic. in the Park Topchida, near
Belgrad, Servia.
22d. Milan Obrenovic, Prince Michel's nephew was chosen Prince of Servia.
24th. Visit of Prince Napoleon to Rumania.
July 5th. Prince Alexander Georgevich, the suspected instigator of the assassination of
Prince Michel, with his family, was excluded from succession to the throne of Servia, and
placed under surveillance of the police.— Political riots disturbed Bulgaria. The Sultan's gov
ernment despatched troops to restore order.— The Sultan's government confirmed the new
Prince of Servia.— Bloody conflict between the Christians and Turks at Scutari.
27th. Encounters between the Cretans and Turks.
August. Turkish troops defeated the insurgents in Bulgaria.— The Government declared
the eldest son of the viceroy of Egypt successor to the vice-royal throne.— Admiral Farragut in
Constantinople.— The Greeks of Chios attempted to celebrate the day of the baptism of the
Grecian King's son, but were prevented by the Turkish authorities.— The Greek attache of the
American consulate was arrested.
November 16th. Great earthquake in Rumania.
23d. U. S. Minister Morris at Constantinople protested against the incarceration of Amer
icans at Damascus. — Troops were sent to Bulgaria to quell disorder. — Change in the Ruma
nian Cabinet.
December. The Prime Minister of the Danubian Principalities advocated respect for ex-
istino treaties, and the maintenance of strict neutrality.— The Sublime Porte threatened to recall
the Turkish Ambassador at Athens, if open support to the Cretans be not withheld.— The Sultan
sent an ultimatum to Greece, and required an answer in five days.— The Turks captured a strong
position in Sphakia.— Turkish troops were concentrated on the frontier of Greece.— All Greeks
were ordered to leave Turkey.— Naval engagement between a Grecian war-steamer and a Turk
ish cruiser.
18th. A Turkish fleet sailed for the Archipelago.— The Greek steamer Enosis at Syra was
watched by Hobart Pasha.— The Great Powers urged a delay of action, the Western Powers
sustained the ultimatum.
21st. The Ambassadors of the Western Powers declined protection to the Greek residents
in Constantinople. — A Russian flag burned in the streets of Constantinople.
22d. The Sultan granted three weeks for the departure of Greek subjects from the empire.
Hobart Pasha blockaded Syra.
24th. The American Minister offered his protection to Greek subjects. — Terrible steam
boat accident in the Gulf of Smyrna ; '200 lives lost.
25th. Ships of war were placed by the Government off the coast of Cortige, to prevent
Greek volunteers from going to Crete.
27th. The Porte declined to yield the independence of Crete, or to sell or transfer it to Egypt.
ASIA, AFRICA, AND AUSTRALIA.
ABYSSINIA.
January. Gen. Napier arrived at Annesley Bay.— The van of the English expedition reached
Senafe.
February. The English army arrived at Antalo.
March. Theodoras was at Magdala ready for the siege.
April lOth. Gen. SirRobt. Napier defeated the Emperor Theodoras before the fortress cf
Magdala.— Theodoras sent the European prisoners to the British camp, and attempted to nego
tiate ; Napier demanded an unconditional surrender.
13th. The fortress of Magdala was carried by storm; Theodorus was found dead; the
British took 28 large guns and 10,000 small arms.
1 7th. Magdala was burned down by order of Gen. Napier.
18th. The British army began its march from Abyssinia.
28th. Civil war and anarchy reigned all over the territory.— Severe fights.
September. Prince Gobazie was crowned Emperor at Gondar.
CHINA.
January llth. The Imperial troops gained several victories over the rebels. Explosion
of the arsenal atWinchung; 1,000 persons supposed to have been killed or wounded. — The
Government appointed Anson Burlingame, formerly U. S. Minister in Pekin, its special envoy
to all the treaty powers, at a salary of $40,000.
772 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18C9.
15th. Envoy Burlingame and suite, while en route from Pekin to Shanghai, were beset by
robbers who were dispersed by the aid of British marines and Cossack troops. — Shocks of
earthquake at Shanghai and Ningpo.
May. The rebels of the North menaced Pekiu seriously .— The rebels were defeated on the
Peiho, but still threatened Tientsin.
June. The rebels retired from Tientsin ; they left the Peiho river and marched off in a
southerly direction.
October. The rebels threatened Ningpo.
November. The English fleet appeared before Nankin and obtained full reparation for in
sults to Missionaries at Hong Chow.
December. English Missionaries discovered evidences of great mineral wealth.
JAPAN.
January 1st. The ports of Hiogo and Osaka were definitely opened to foreign commerce.
— The Tycoon demanded a revision of the Constitution. — The most powerful princes of Japan
recognized the Micado as the only and supreme Sovereign.
llth. Admiral Bell, Flag-Lieutenant Reed and ten seamen of the Flagship Hartford were
drowned while crossing Osaka bar.— The Tycoon collected forces to regain his lost influence.
19th. Severe fighting at Yeddo between the Tycoon and Mikado's armies.— Naval engage
ment near Yokohama.
26th. Fights near Osaka between the troops of the Tycoon and those of the Daimios in
favor of the Mikado ; the Tycoon was defeated and fled to Yeddo.
March. Order was restored. — Dissolution of the Gorodjo (Council of the State).
April 27th. Yokohama in possession of foreign troops and peaceful.
May 12th. The Mikado appeared with his army before Yeddo and threatened the city ; the
Tycoon offered to retire and to disband his army if the place was spared. — Yeddo was surren
dered to the Mikado. — The officers in command refused to surrender the fleet and left Yeddo
with the ships.
17th. The Daimia Aidsen beat the troops of the Mikado.— The civil war was in fierce
progress.
June 3Oth. The foreign Ministers issued a united protest against the Mikado's persecu
tion of native Christians.
July 5th. One-half of Yeddo destroyed by fire. — Yeddo and Yokohama again under Stots-
bashi's control. — A compromise was effected between the Daimios of the North and of the
South.
October. Yeddo still remained closed. — Negate and Hakodadi were seized by the Southern
troops.— The Government of Mikado appointed H. W. Grinnell, of New York, to the position
of Inspector-General of the Japanese Navy.
November. Seven war ships appeared in the inland sea and destroyed many castles and
some towns.— The Mikado, having reached his majority, was crowned Emperor at Kioto; he
established his residence at Yeddo and was enthusiastically greeted.
December. Prince Aidsen, the most powerful of the Northern Daimios, surrendered.—
Stotsbashi, the Ex-Tycoon, was invited to retum to Yeddo and take part in the reconstruction
of the Government.— The civil war at an end.
SANDWICH ISLANDS.
April 17th. Eruption of the volcano MaunaLoa; frequent earthquakes since March 29th ;
great destruction of property and loss of about 100 lives ; a tidal wave.
June. The Assembly agreed to the subsidy of $25,000 to a line of steamers to San Francisco.
July. Arrival of the first cargo of Japanese emigrants.
OBITUARIES, 1868.
Abbott, Amos, a member of Congress from Massachusetts, born at Andover, in that State,
September 10, 1786, and died November 2, aged 82 years. Mr. Abbott received a common school
education, and afterward engaged in mercantile pursuits, in which he was very successful. He
was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1835 and 1836, and again in 1842, and a Rep
resentative in Congress from 1843 to 1849.
Adler, George J., a German-American scholar and teacher, born at Leipsic, in 1821, and
died at the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum, near New York city, August 24, aged 47 years. He
emigrated to the United States in 1833. He was educated at the University of New York, where
he graduated in 1844, and held the Professorship of the German language from 1846 to 1854.
He was author of a number of educational works, his ''Dictionary of the German and English
Languages," published in 1859, being his best known work, and a standard authority. In 1861,
his mind became impaired, and he spent much of the latter part of his life at the Bloomingdale
Asylum, but continued his studies until his death. He translated Goethe's "Iphigenia in
Tauris" into English, and some of his works were translated into French.
Allen, William, D. D., an American scholar, born at Pittsfield, Mass., January 2, 1784, and
died at Northampton, July 16, aged 84 years. He graduated at Harvard College, in 1802. In
1817, he became President of Dartmouth, and of Bowdoin College in 1820, holding the latter
position until 1839. Dr. Allen was author of a "Biographical Dictionary of Americans."
Andrea, Jerome de, a Roman Catholic Cardinal, born at Naples, April 12, 1812, and died at
Rome, May 15, aged 56 years. He was descended from a patrician but not wealthy family of
Aquila, and his father was Minister of Finance under Ferdinand II. Educated for the Church,
his progress was rapid and brilliant, and he became Archbishop of Mitylene, in parlibus, com
mendatory abbot of Subiaco, and was made a cardinal in 1852. In 1853, on the occasion of the
dispute relating to the use of the Pagan classics in schools, he took part with M. Venillot, of
the Univers, against their use. In 1859, he was supposed to sympathize with the movement for
Italian unity, and to favor many reforms in the Church. He refused, however, to support the
attempt to establish a free Italian church. On account of his liberal views the Pope publicly
censured him, and suspended him from his functions as bishop. He was summoned at the
same time from Naples to Rome, but at first refused compliance, though he at length reluctantly
obeyed, and some time afterward was induced to sign a recantation.
Andrews, Timothy P., an officer in the U. S. army, died at Washington, D. C., March 11.
During the Mexican war, he was Colonel of the regiment of Voltigeurs, and was breveted Brig
adier General for gallant conduct at the battle of Cherubusco. He was first appointed a pay
master in 1822, and after the war with Mexico he again held that position. In 1851 he was
appointed Deputy Paymaster General, and Paymaster General in 1863. In November, 1864, he
was placed upon the retired list.
Asboth, Alexander, an American General, born in Hungary, December 18, 1811, and died
at Buenos Ayres, January 21, aged 57 years. He was educated at Oedenburg, served for some
time in an Austrian regiment, and subsequently pursued a course of legal studies at Presburg.
In the Hungarian struggle of 1848-9, he attached himself to the Revolutionary party, and rose
to the position of Adjutant-General of the Army. He went with Kossuth to Turkey, shared the
imprisonment of his chief at Kutaieh, and accompanied him to the United States, in 1851. At
the outbreak of the civil war, in 1861, he offered his services to the government, and in July,
became chief of staff to Major-General Fremont. He was appointed a Brigadier General in
September, 1861, and had command of a division in Fremont's western campaign. His division
formed the rear guard in the famous retreat to Rolla. He took an active part in the winter
campaign into Arkansas, projected by Major-General Curtis, and was prominent in the three
days' battle at Pea Ridge, where he was severely wounded. He was transferred to the army of
the Mississippi in 1862, and after holding some'other military appointments, commanded in
Florida, where he was severely wounded, September 27, 1864. He left the service in August,
1865, and was appointed by President Johnson, Minister of the United States to Buenos Ayres.
Baker, Lafayette C., a Brigadier-General of volunteers by brevet, and chief of the United
States Detective Service, during the civil war, born at Stafford, N. Y., in 1824, and died at Phila
delphia, July 3, aged 43 years. In 1867, Gen. Baker published a work, in which he detailed
773
774 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
much secret history relating to the war; but many of his facts were controverted, especially by
the friends of President Johnson, whom he charged with being privy to a pardon brokerage
business, alleged to have been carried on at Washington, in 1805.
Baraga, Frederick, D. D., Roman Catholic Bishop, of Sault Ste. Marie, born at Dobernich,
in Austria, in 1797, and died at Marquettc, Wisconsin, January 20, aged 70 years. He settled at
Sault Ste. Marie, before 1838, and was made bishop, November 1, 1853.
Baugher, Henry L., D. D., an American clergyman of the Lutheran Church, bom at Ab-
bottstown, Perm., about 1803, and died at Gettysburg, April 14, aged G5 years. He was educated
at Dickinson College, and studied theology at Princeton, and at the Theological Seminary at
Gettysburg. Mr. Baugher was licensed to preach by the Maryland Synod, and was first pastor
of the Lutheran church at Boonsboro1, McL, and afterward, in 1830, he was called to Gettysburg.
In 1832, he became professor of the Greek language and Belles Lettres, in Pennsylvania College,
and in 1850, he was elected President of the college, a position he held at the time of his death.
He was for many years pastor of the college church, and besides his sermons, wrote much for
the Evangelical Review, and other church periodicals.
Baxter, Portus, a member of Congress from Vermont, born at Browning-ton, Orleans
county, in that State, and died at Washington, March 4. He was elected a Representative in
Congress from the Third Vermont District, and served from 1861 to 1867. He was a member of
the Philadelphia "Loyalists'" Convention, in 1866, and was a Presidential elector in 1852 and
1856.
Bayard, Richard H., an American statesman, born at Wilmington, Delaware, in 1796, and
died in Philadelphia, March 4, aged 72 years. He was educated at Princeton college, where he
graduated in 1814, and afterward adopted the profession of the law. He was a Senator in Con
gress from Delaware from 1836 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1845. In 1850 Mr. Bayard was
appointed Charge d'Afl'aires to Brussels. He was the son of the elder and brother of the
younger James A. Bayard.
Beach, Moses Yale, an American journalist, for many years the proprietor of the New York
Sun, was born at Wallingford, Conn., January 7, 1800, and died July 19, aged 68 years. When
14 years of age, he was apprenticed to a cabinet maker, at Hartford, and pursued his calling in
Northampton and Springfield, but without much success, owing to a tendency to indulge in the
experiments of an inventor. Among his designs was a gun-powder engine for propelling bal
loons ; but his experiments proving unsuccessful, he then endeavored to open steam navigation
on the Connecticut river, between Hartford and Springfield. He afterward removed to Ulster
County, N. Y., where he was engaged for seven years in the manufacture of paper. In 1835, he
went with his family to New York, where he purchased an interest in The Sun newspaper, and
in a short time became its sole proprietor. In this enterprise he was very successful, but retired
about 1857. He also amassed considerable money by banking, and other financial operations.
President Polk sent Mr. Beach to Mexico, during the war with that country, to arrange a treaty
of peace ; but owing to a false report that Santa Anna had annihilated Gen. Taylor's army, the
negotiations were broken off. For several years previous to his death he resided in his native
town, where he died of paralysis.
Beach, Wooster, M. D., an eminent American physician, died in New York city, Jan. 28.
He was the founder of a new system of medicine known as the Eclectic Medical System. Dr.
Beach practiced his profession for over forty-five years, and was so ardent in contending against
eome of the principles of the Allopathic school of medicine, that he established an institution
for the dissemination of his own views, and graduated many students. He was the author of a
number of medical works, and at one time published The Telescope, a weekly newspaper, and
The Evening Journal, a daily, both of which were popular in their day.
Beall, S. W.j formerly Lieutenant-Governor, and acting Governor of Wisconsin, was killed
in a rencontre at Helena, Montana, September 26. During the civil war he served as a Lieuten
ant-Colonel of Volunteers. He was 65 years of age, at the time of his death.
Beecher, Lieut. Frederick, a gallant officer of the late war, nephew of the Rev. Henry
Ward Beecher, killed by the Indians, on the Upper Republican river, Kansas, September 23.
At the time of his death, Lieut. Beecher was 28 years old.
Bell, Henry H., Rear-Admiral U. S. N., was born in North Carolina, and accidentally
drowned, together with a whole boat's crew, while crossing the bar at Osaka, Japan, January
11. He was appointed to the navy, Aug. 4, 1823. At the battle of New Orleans, he was fleet-
captain under Farragut, and in 1862 and 1863, he commanded the West Gulf Blockading Squad
ron. In 1866, Admiral Bell was appointed to the command of the Asiatic Squadron. His re
mains were brought home din-ing the spring and summer, and interred in the cemetery at New-
burgh, N. Y.
1869.] OBITUARIES. 775
Bell, Samuel Dana, an eminent American jurist, born at Francestown, New Hampshire,
October 9, 1798, and died at Manchester, July 31, aged 70 years. He graduated at Harvard Col
lege, in 1810, and afterward adopted the law as a profession. In 1849, he was appointed justice
of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and on the reorganization of the Supreme Court, in
1855, he was appointed Justice of the Supreme Court, and Chief Justice in 1859. He resigned
in 1864. He assisted in the revision of the statutes of the State in 1830, 1842 and 1867. His
father was the Hon. Samuel Bell, a distinguished American statesman.
Berryer, Antoine Pierre, a French lawyer and statesman, born in Paris, January 4, 1790,
where he died November 28, aged 78 years. His father was a distinguished lawyer, and M.
Berryer was educated for the same profession. He was a Royalist, and pronounced against the
first Napoleon before the victory of the allies, for which his arrest was ordered ; but he managed to
escape, and during the Hundred Days was a Royalist Volunteer. He saw with disgust, how
ever, the action of the extreme Royalists in 1815-16 in seeking out victims from the chiefs of the
First Empire, and was counsel for some of the most distinguished of these. He was associated
with his father and M. Duprie in the unsuccessful defence of Marshal Ney, and he conducted
the defence of Gen. Cambronne, securing the acquittal of his client. M. Berryer was con
cerned in the State trials which followed after the successive Revolutions, defending Lamen-
nais under the Bourbons, Chateaubriand under the Orleans monarchy, and Montalembert un
der the new Empire. One of his most remarkable cases was the defence of Prince Louis Na
poleon Bonaparte, for the part he took in the Boulogne affair of 1840. In 1830 he was chosen a
member of the Chamber of Deputies from the department of Haute Loire, and though a legiti
mist, took the oath to the Revolutionary Government after the July Revolution. When the
Duchess of Berry projected her attempt at a rising in La Vendee, M. Berryer was sent by the
more prudent legitimists to persuade her from it. but he was himself arrested as one of her
supporters. In his trial, which took place at Blois, he completely established his innocence.
M. Berryer visited the titular Heniy V., better known as the Comte de Chambord, when the
illustrious exile was in London, for which he was censured by the Chamber of Deputies. After
the revolution of 1848, he submitted to be elected a member of the National Assembly from the
department of the Bouchcs-du-Rhone. M. Berryer belonged to the reactionary party, but he
early understood the designs of the Prince President, and endeavored to thwart them and pre
vent the coup d'etat of 1851. After the establishment of the Second Empire, he took but little
part in public affairs beyond seeking to promote the proposed fusion of the two branches of the
Bourbon family. In 1852 he was placed at the head of the French Advocates by being elected
Batonnier of the Faculty, and in 1854, he was elected a member of the French Academy. On
receiving the latter honor he expressly desired that he might be excused from the duty of visit
ing the head of the government, and his request was granted. The last great political cause in
which M. Berryer took part, was the trial of the persons charged with violating the law of asso
ciation. As an orator. M. Berryer was held to be the first after Mirabeau, and he was the ablest
as well as the most distinguished French lawyer of his day.
Blakeney, Sir Edward, Field Marshal, born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1778, and died
August 2. aged 90 years. He entered the army as a cornet in 1794, and saw service in the West
Indies and in Holland ; was present at the battle of Copenhagen in 1807, New Orleans in 1814,
and Waterloo in 1815; served throughout the Peninsular War, and was severely wounded at the
battle of Albuera and the assault of Badajos, and led the First Brigade in General Sir William
Clinton's expedition to Portugal in 1826. From 1832 to 1855, he commanded the forces in Ire
land. He was appointed Governor of Chelsea Hospital in 1856, and at the time of his death
was Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot, and of the Prince Consort's own Rifle Brigade.
Boyd, John H., a member of Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853, born in that State
and died at Whitehall, July 2. He was a member of the State Assembly from Washington
county in 1840.
Bradbury, William B., an American musical composer, born at York, Maine, in 1816, and
died at Montclair, N. J., January 7, aged 52 years. Mr. Bradbury early manifested a taste for
music, and became well known as a musician and a teacher of his art. He afterward studied in
Germany under the best masters, but he had before this devoted himself to composition, pro
ducing many well-known melodies and some popular hand-books of music. He had a host of
admirers and some enemies, both the result of the popular character of the airs and tunes of
which he was the author.
Brewster. Sir David, an English philosopher, born at Jedburg, December 11, 1781, and
died in Edinburgh, February 10, aged 86 years. He was educated for the Church of Scotland
of which he became a licentiate. In the year 1800, he received the honorary degree of M. A.
from the University of Edinburgh, and in 1807, LL. D. from the University of Aberdeen, and
776 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
subsequently tht, degrees of A. M. from Cambridge and D. C. L. from Oxford and Durham.
While studying at Edinburgh he enjoyed the friendship of Robison, Playfair and Dugald Stew
art. In 1808, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the same year
undertook the editorship of the "Edinburgh Encyclopedia," which was not finished until 1830.
Dr. Brewster published his "Treatise on new Philosophical Instruments" in 1813. About this
time his studies were mostly upon the subject of optics, and he became distinguished for his
discoveries respecting the polarization of light and the invention of the Kaleidoscope, in 1816.
In that year the Institute of France adjudged him one-half of the prize of 3,000 francs offered
for the most important discoveries in any branch of science made during the two preceding
years. He was also inventor of the lenticular stereoscope now in universal use. He wrote
treatises on the kaleidoscope, the stereoscope, on optics, and on natural magic besides other
wojks and contributions to nearly all the Quarterlies. One of his best known works is his life
of Sir Isaac Newton. In 1819, in conjunction with Prof. Jameson, he established the "Edin
burgh Philosophical Journal," and afterward the "Edinburgh Journal of Science.'' lie is en
titled to the credit of the establishment of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, the scientific meeting at York in ia31, from which that institution dates its history,
being held at his suggestion. He was a member of nearly all the Royal Academies of Europe,
and there is scarcely a learned body in the world from which he did not receive some recogni
tion. Dr. Brewster was knighted in 1832 by King William IV., and among the last distinctions
to be conferred upon him was the decoration of an Officer of the Legion of Honor by the Em
peror Napoleon, in 1855. He married a daughter of Macpherson, the author of Ossian, In 1810 ;
became a widower in 1850, but married again in 1857.
Brooke, Sir James, K. C. B., Rajah of Sarawak, born at Bath in 1803, and died June 11,
aged 65 years. He was the son of a gentleman for many years connected with East India Com
pany's service, and after receiving his education at the Norwich Grammar School, he obtained
a commission in the Indian army. He saw service in the Burmese war, but was compelled to
leave the army on account of his health. While cruising through the Eastern Archipelago he
was attracted to Borneo, where he undertook, at his own cost, an expedition to suppress an
insurrection which had broken out against the native ruler. He was soon after appointed
Rajah. In 1847, when the British took possession of the island of Labuan, he was appointed
Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and created a K. C. B. He returned to England in 1856 in
impaired health, and, after a short visit to Borneo, settled down at Dartmoor to spend his
last days.
Brougham, Henry, Lord Brougham and Vaux, a distinguished English statesman, born in
Edinburgh, September 19, 1779, and died at his villa near Cannes, France, May 9, aged 89 years.
He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and first distinguished himself by a paper on
the refraction and reflection of light, printed in the Transactions of the Royal Society for 1798.
This was followed by other papers on the same subject, and in 1803 he published his "Inquiry
into the Colonial Policy of the European Powers," a work of considerable talent, for which he
was much praised. He had previously assisted in establishing the Edinburgh Iteiiew, to which
he was a frequent contributor for a quarter of a century. He was admitted an advocate at the
Scottish bar in 1800, but took up his residence in London in 1804. In 1808 he was called to the
bar at Lincoln's Inn, and commenced practice as a barrister in the King's Bench. Mr. Broug
ham gained considerable reputation as an advocate ; among the most notable of his early cases
was his defence of Leigh Hunt, editor of the Examiner, who was acquitted upon a prosecution
for libel, while Mr. Drokard, proprietor of the Stamford News, whom he also defended, was
convicted for the republication of the same article. In 1810, Mr. Brougham entered Parliament
for Camelford, a rotten borough in the gift of the late Duke of Cleveland, then Earl of Darling
ton. He was out of Parliament from 1812 to 1816. when he was returned for the borough of
Winchelsea by the influence of his old friend and patron, and continued to represent it until
1830. Early in that year he resigned, but was immediately afterward elected for Knaresborough,
and at the general election in August he was chosen to represent the county of York. In Par
liament he favored Roman Catholic Emancipation, and reform in the government of India, and
spoke in condemnation of flogging in the navy, but his most important services were in behalf
of popular education, a subject to which he gave his attention throughout his whole parlia
mentary career. In 1820 and 1821, he was engaged at Westminster Hall as Attorney-General to
Queen Caroline, whose suit against George IV. he conducted to a successful issue, securing her
rights as a wife and the sympathy of the public toward her as a woman . In this cause he made
great reputation for his zeal and eloquence as an advocate, and two of his speeches have taken
their place among the specimens of English classic oratory. In 1825 appeared his "Practical Ob-
OBITUARIES. 777
serrations upon the Education of the People, addressed to the Working Classes and their Em
ployers," and the same year he was elected Lord Rector of Glasgow University, in recognition
of his services in behalf of education. In 1827 he laid the foundation of the Society for the
Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, and was its first President. Next to popular education, no
subject more enlisted his sympathies or engaged his attention than the abolition of slavery and
the slave trade ; but he was from his first entry upon public life, a man of enlightened philan
thropy and liberal opinions, and became the acknowledged leader in all measures of Parlia
mentary Reform. When Earl Grey assumed the Premiership, upon the resignation of the Duke
of Wellington in 1830, he was appointed Lord Chancellor, and at the same time he was raised to
the peerage as Lord Brougham and Vaux. The result of the few years during which he held the
Chancellorship, he summed up in the following words : " The abolition of slavery in all our Colo
nies ; the opening of the East India trade and the destruction of the Company's monopoly ; the
amendment of the criminal law ; vast improvements in the whole municipal jurisprudence both
as regards law and equity ; the settlement of the Bank Charter ; the total reform of the Scotch
municipal corporal ions ; the entire alteration of the poor laws; and an ample commencement
made in reforming the Irish Church by the abolition of ten bishoprics." The dismissal of the
Whig ministry in 1834, put an end to his Chancellorship and his official life, and afterward he
occupied an independent position in the House of Lords, criticising the measures of Whig and
Tory alike, but paying constant attention to the legal business of the House as one of the "law
Lords." His last speech in the House of Lords was delivered June 17, 1858, upon the suppres
sion of the slave trade. Lord Brougham, in 1848, desired to be naturalized as a citizen of the
French Republic, but this intention was not consummated because the legislative Assembly re
quired him to divest himself of his privileges as an English peer. Lord Brougham contributed
largely to modern literature. His "Historical Sketches of the Statesmen of the time of George
III.," begun in 183'), were finished in 1843, and these were followed by his "Men of Letters and
Science." In 1855 he collected his speeches and writings in 10 volumes, and in 1856 his contri
butions to the Edinburgh Renew were published in 3 volumes. In connection with E. J. Routh,
Esq., he published in 1855, "An Analytical View of Newton's Principia," and he afterward pub
lished a paper on the Integral Calculus, and contributed articles on light to the Transactions of
the Institute of France. He read a dissertation on "Analytical and Experimental Inquiries on
the Cells of Bees," in 1858. In 1844 he wrote a novel entitled " Albert Lunel, or the Chateau of
Lauguedoc," which was suppressed on the eve of publication, and of which it is said only five
copies are now extant. Lord Brougham married in 1819, and had one daughter who died
young. In 1860 he obtained a fresh patent of peerage with remainder to his brother William
Brougham and his male issue.
Brown, Rev. John Newton, an American clergyman, bom at New London, Conn., June
29, 1803, and died at Philadelphia, May 14, aged 64 years. Believing himself called to the minis
try, he studied at the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution, and commenced his minis
try at Buffalo, N. Y. Soon afterward he became assistant to the Rev. Dr. Gano, then pastor of
the First Baptist Church at Providence, R. I. In October 1826, he became pastor at Maiden.
Mass., and thence removed to Exeter, N. H. About this time he completed the " Encyclopedia
of Religious Knowledge," in the preparation of which he had spent two years. From 1838 to
1845. he was professor of Exegetical Theology and Church History in the ~New Hampton Insti
tution, and he then became pastor of the Baptist church at Lexington, Va. In 1849 he became
Editorial Secretary of the American Baptist Publication Society, and removed to Philadelphia,
where he continued to reside until his death. Dr. Brown was a man of large acquirements, and
during his life performed a vast amount of literary labor. The Baptist Articles of Faith, com
monly called the New Hampshire Confession, extensively used by the Baptist churches as a
statement of their belief, were written by him while a pastor in New Hampshire, and revised in
1852. He also wrote in verse, one of his best efforts being a translation of the Dies free.
Buchanan, James, an American statesman and fifteenth President of the United States,
born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1791, and died at Wheatland, near Lancaster,
June 1, aged 77 years. The birth-place of Mr. Buchanan was at a place called "Stony Batter,"
among what are known as the "North Mountains" of the Kittatinny range of the Blue Moun
tains. His father emigrated to this country from Donegal, Ireland, and his mother, though born
in Pennsylvania, was also of Scotch-Irish extraction. Mr. Buchanan graduated at Dickinson
College in 1809 with high honor, and immediately commenced the study of the law, being admitted
to the Lancaster Bar in 1812. In less than twenty years from the time that he commenced the
practice, he had retired on more than a competency, and his name occurs in the Reports of
cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania oftener than that of any other lawyer of his time.
At the age of 23, Mr. Buchanan entered politics, being elected to the Pennsylvania legislature in
778 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18G9.
1814. He was reelected in 1815, and in 1820 entered Congress, representing the district lately
represented by Thaddeus Stevens. He continued to serve in that body until 1831, when he vol
untarily retired, and soon after accepted from President Jackson a mission as Envoy Extraordi
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to St. Petersburg. In Congress he made his first speech
January 11, 1822, on a deficiency in the military appropriation, supporting the Federal authority
and arguing in defence of Mr. Crawford, then Secretary of the Treasury. He opposed the bank
rupt law ; favored a tariff for revenue with incidental protection only ; discouraged entangling
alliances with Mexico and the South American Republics, and earnestly protested against the
island of Cuba being in the possession of any European power except Spain, on account of its
strategic importance to the United States. During his last term in Congress, Mr. Buchanan was
chairman of the Judiciary Committee. Mr. Buchanan became a United States Senator from
Pennsylvania in 1834. and he remained in the Senate until the beginning of Mr. Folk's adminis
tration in 1845, when he became Secretary of State and afterward retired to private life. Of gen
eral political measures, he favored while in the Senate the policy of Gen. Jackson with regard
to French indemnity ; argued in favor of the right of resident aliens to the elective franchise on
the admission of Arkansas and Michigan ; defended the preemption rights of settlers on the
public lands ; advocated the annexation of Texas in 1845, and sought as early as 1835-0 to stifle
the slavery agitation in its infancy by a resolution that Congress had no power to legislate upon
the subject. During the administration of Mr. Polk, the settlement of the North-west Boundary
disputes was effected mainly through his instrumentality, and the policy of Mr. Polk in our
difficulties with Mexico in 1847 which led to the "Mexican War," was also as much the policy
of Mr. Buchanan. On the accession of Mr. Pierce to the Presidency in 1853, Mr. Buchanan was
appointed Minister to Great Britain. Mr. Buchanan returned to the United States in April 1856,
to become the candidate of the democratic party for the Presidency, and he was nominated by
the Cincinnati Convention in June following. The canvass was an animated one, but he was
elected over Gen. Fremont and Ex-President Fillniore by a large majority in the Electoral Col
lege. His administration was a remarkable one. Mr. Buchanan remained at Washington until
after the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, and then retired to his farm near Lancaster, where he
lived in dignified retirement until his death. Mr. Buchanan never married.
Buel, Alexander W. a member of Congress from Michigan, born in Rutland county, Ver
mont, in 1813, and died at Detroit, Michigan, April 17, aged 55 years. He graduated at Middle-
bury College, in 1830, and afterward taught school in Vermont and New York, while preparing
himself for the legal profession. He took up his residence in Michigan, in 1834. In 1836, he
was attorney for the city of Detroit, and was elected to the State Legislature in 1837. He was
Prosecuting Attorney for Wayne County, in 1843-44. and in 1847, he was again a member of the
Legislature. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1851.
Cagger, Peter, an American politician, born about the year 1814, at Albany, N. Y., and
accidentally killed while driving through the Central Park in New York city, July 7. Mr. Cag-
ger was educated at St. John's College, Fordham, and at the Catholic College at Montreal. He
adopted the law as a profession, and practiced at Albany for many years with great success.
Although a leading politician in the state of New York for nearly a quarter of a century, Mr.
Cagger never held office.
Campbell, John H., a member of Congress from Pennsylvania, born in that state and
died in Philadelphia, January 9. He was a lawyer by profession. His service in Congress was
as a Representative from 1845 to 1847.
Campbell, Thompson, a member of Congress from Illinois, from 1851 to 1853, born in
Pennsylvania, and died at San Francisco, December 7. He practiced law in San Francisco for
several years, and was Land Commissioner of California, besides holding the office of Secretary
of State of Illinois, from 1843 to 1846.
Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenell, seventh Earl of. born at Hambledon, October 16,
1797, and died March 28, aged 70 years. He served in the army for many years. In 1840, he was
tried before the House of Lords for "felonious shooting" in wounding Capt. Tuckett, in a duel
fought at Wimbledon Common, and was only discharged on technical ground. He was most dis
tinguished for his personal gallantry as the leader of the famous "six hundred" at Balaklava.
Carson, Kit, a noted American trapper and pioneer, born in Madison county, Ky., Decem
ber 24, 1809, and died at Fort Lynn, Colorado, May 23, aged 58 years. While he was a mere in
fant, his parents emigrated to what is now Howard county, Missouri, where he was apprenticed
to a saddler, at the age of 15. He continued at this occupation for two years, and then joined a
hunting expedition to the plains. During the next sixteen years he led the adventurous life of
a trapper, being hunter to Bent's Fort for eight years of this period. At the expiration of this
long time he paid a short visit to his family, and on his return to the plains met for the first
1869.] OBITUARIES. 779
time Lieut., afterward Gen. John C. Fremont, whose guide he became, contributing in a great
measure to the success of Fremont's Explorations. In 1847, Carson was sent to Washington as
a bearer of dispatches, and was appointed a Lieutenant in the Rifle Corps of the United States
army. He afterward served the Government in many ways, and was for a number of years In
dian agent in New Mexico. He was instrumental in arranging treaties between the United
States'and the Indians, which had a good effect in preventing the massacres so common on the
plains. A few weeks before his death he had visited Washington with a deputation of the red
men, and after completing his mission to the government, made a tour of the principal cities in
the Northern and Eastern States. While at Fort Lynn, on his return, he ruptured an artery of
the neck, from which he died.
Cattermore, George, an English painter, born at Dickelburgh, in Norfolk, in 1800, and
died in July, aged 68 years. Devoting himself to art, he became distinguished as a painter in
water colors, especially of historical and romantic subjects. He was also eminent in his repre
sentation? of architectural works. He was one of the English artists who received medals at
the Paris Exhibition of 1855.
Christy, George, a delineator of Ethiopian eccentricities, whose real name was George N.
Harrington, died in New York city, May 13. He was the original "Brudder Bones," and in his
lifetime made more than three fortunes by his gift in " Negro Minstrelsy.1" He was very popu
lar in New York, for many years, and was performing in Boston the week preceding his decease.
Clark, Laban, D. D., an American clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, born at
Havcrhill, N. H., July 19, 1778, and died at Middletown, Conn., November 28, aged 90 years. '
His parents were Congregationalists, but he became a zealous dissenter from the tenets of Cal
vinism, and through the influence of some Methodist pioneers, was in early life brought into
connection with that church. He commenced the work of the itinerancy in 1800, and during
the next fifty years he held many and almost continuous appointments, in Vermont, New York,
and Connecticut. Among the towns and cities in which he held appointments during his long
life of labor, were Schenectady, Troy, Hartford, New Haven and New York. In 1851, he accepted
the superannuated relation, and retired from the active work, and located his home at Middle-
town. Dr. Clark was one of the founders of the Middletown Wesleyan University, and the
Missionary Society of his denomination was organized at his suggestion, when a pastor in New
York, in 1819. The Christian Advocate says of Dr. Clark: "Methodism in theology, and De
mocracy in politics, were the most paramount things to him in this world. The collocation, we
are aware, seems singular enough in our day ; but no person who knew our dear old friend would
admit that his character was justly portrayed without the mention of this fact."
Cobb, Howell, an American statesman, born in Jefferson county, Georgia, September 5,
1815, and died in New York City, October 9, aged 53 years. He graduated at Franklin College,
at Athens, Ga. ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1836, at the age of 21. The same
year he served as a Presidential elector, and in the year following was elected Solicitor General
of the Western Circuit, by the Legislature of Georgia. He held the office three years, and re
tired with a lucrative practice, to which he devoted himself until his election to Congress, in
1843. He served as Representative in Congress without interruption until 1850, and was again
elected in 1855. He was the acknowledged leader of the House, in the Thirtieth Congress,
gaining this distinction by his efficient support of President Folk's policy in the war with
Mexico, in 1S47. Upon the assembling of the Thirty-first Congress, he was elected Speaker,
after an animated contest, and the adoption of the plurality rnle, by which his election was se
cured by a bare majority of three over Mr. Winthrop, there being twenty scattering votes. He
favored the compromise measures of 1850, and as these measures gave rise to opposition in his
party, from the extreme Southern rights men, he accepted the nomination of the Union party
for Governor. After a violent contest, he was elected by the largest majority ever given to any
candidate in Georgia. In the Presidential canvass of 1856, he advocated the election of Mr.
Buchanan, making a tour of the Northern States, and was rewarded for his services by a place
in the cabinet. He held his post of Secretary of the Treasury until near the close of Mr. Bu
chanan's administration, when he resigned, to go with Georgia into Secession. He was a dele
gate to the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy, was elected chairman of that body, and as
euch presided at the organization of the first Confederate Congress. He then retired to private
life, afterward accepting the positions of Brigadier General and Major General in the Confede
rate army. He took some part in organizing the militia of Georgia, but did not gain much
distinction as one of the military leaders of the Confederacy. After the war, he was a violent
opponent of the Reconstruction policy of Congress, and even counseled driving Northern em
igrants to the South from the country. He was in the North at the time of his death, upon a
tour of pleasure with his wife, and died suddenly of apoplexy, while in New York.
780 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Coles, Ed-ward, Governor of Illinois from 1822 to 1826, born in Virginia, and died at Phila
delphia, July 7, aged 82 years.
Coquerel, Athanase, a French Protestant divine, born in Paris in 1795, and died January
12, aged 72 years. He was educated at Montauban, where he finished his theological studies in
181(5, and at the age of 21 was named minister of the Gospel. He resided for some time
in Holland, being pastor of the French church at Amsterdam, preaching also at Leyden and
Utrecht, but after an absence of twelve years he returned to France. He entered the Consistory
in 1833, and exercised his ministry in Paris until his death, being at that time President of the
Presbyteral Council of the Reformed Church. After the revolution of February, 1848, M. Co
querel was elected to the primitive National Assembly from the department of the Seine, and
was elected a member of the Commission to frame the new Constitution. After the election
of President Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte on the 10th of December, he supported the gen
eral policy of the new Government, and voted for the expedition to Rome in 1849, and for the
re-establishment of the temporal power of the Pope. Notwithstanding these votes, he was re-
elected to the Legislative Assembly, and took his seat with the Centre, or party of order; but
the coup d'etat of December 2, 1851, put an end to his official life. M. Coquerel was distinguished
as an orator, and was author of a number of works. He published volumes of sermons in 1819
and 1852, "Le Protestant " in 1831, "UExamen" in 1834, and more recently, an " Analysis of the
Bible," "Answer to Renan's Life of Jesus," and other works.
Coyne, Joseph Stirling, an English dramatist, born at Birr, in Kings county, Ireland, in
1805, and died in London, July 20, aged 63 years. He was the eon of an officer in the Irish Com
missariat, and was intended for the legal profession, but he broke away from an irksome and
monotonous stu'dy to devote himself to literature. He went to England in 1837 and soon be
came noted as a playwright. He had previously produced three farces at the Theater Royal,
Dublin, and he continued to write for the London theaters, especially the Adelphi and the Hay-
market, for many years. Mr. Coyne's popular farce "How to Settle Accounts with your
Laundress," was translated into French and acted upon the French and German stage. He was
for a number of years a dramatic critic and writer on the London press, and together with Mr.
Mark Lemon and Mr. Henry Mayhew, was one of the projectors and original proprietors of
Punch. He was author of several works of fiction, and of a work on the Scenery and Antiqui
ties of Ireland. From 1856 until his death, he was secretary of the Dramatic Authors' Society.
Cranworth, Lord, the Right Hon. Robert Monsey Rolfe, born at Cranworth, in Norfolk,
December 18, 1790, and died July 27, aged 77 years. He was educated at Winchester and
Trinity college, Cambridge. He was elected a fellow of Downing College in 1812, and in 1810
was called to the bar. Mr. Rolfe represented Penryn in Parliament in the Liberal interest, until
his elevation to the Bench in 1850. In 1834 he was appointed Solicitor General, but resigning
in consequence of a change of ministers in that year, he was re-appointed in 1835, and held the
office until 1839, when he was made one of the Barons of the Exchequer. In 1850, he was ap
pointed Vice Chancellor and created Baron Cranworth ; in 1851 he was named one of the Lords
Justices of the Court of Appeal in Chancery, and in 1852 was appointed Lord High Chancellor
by Lord Aberdeen. He held the office until the formation of the Derby ministry in 1858, when
he retired, but he was again appointed Lord High Chancellor in 1865, retiring with Lord Rus
sell's administration the next year. After his retirement from office, Lord Cranworth paid
constant attention to the judicial business of the House of Lords as one of the "law peers,"
and was very earnest in promoting all measures of social or legal reform.
Dean, Julia, an American actress, born in Buffalo, July 22, 1830, and died in New York city,
March 6. Julia Dean was introduced to the public through the efforts of her father, an actor of
repute, and at once achieved a good success. She first appeared at the Old Broadway Theater
and at the Astor Place Opera House in New York, in the character of Julia, in the "Hunchback,1'
but she achieved her greatest popularity in the South and West. After she had been about ten
years on the stage, she married a Mr. Hayne of Charleston, S. C., from whom she afterward sep
arated and obtained a divorce in the Utah courts. She had previously lived in San Francisco,
playing in California, Oregon, Idaho, and Utah. She married a second time in 1866, but was
scarcely known by her husband's name of Cooper, and retained her own name in the announce
ments for the one or two engagements she played after her return to the Atlantic coast. Mrs.
Cooper left three children by her first marriage.
Duffield, George, D. D., an American clergyman, born at the village of Strasburg, Lancaster
county, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1794, and died at Detroit, June 26, aged 74 years. He was edu
cated at the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1615, was licensed to preach by the Presbytery
of Philadelphia. He at once entered upon the active work of the ministry in the Presbyterian
church, and was one of the most active in founding the branch known as "New School." From
1869.] OBITUARIES. 781
1S37 to 1838 he was pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle church in New York, having previously
preached in Philadelphia, but in the latter year he accepted a call to the First Presbyterian
Church of Detroit, where he continued until his death. In 1849, during the cholera season, he
was prostrated by disease, and the malady taking a chronic form, he spent a year abroad at the
desire of his people, returning completely restored to health. Dr. Duffield married, in 1819,
Isabella Grahame Bethune, sister of the late Dr. Bethune, and was the father of eleven sons,
only five of whom survived him.
Elliott, Charles Loring, a distinguished American portrait painter, born at Scipio, N. Y.,
in 1812, and died at Albany, August 24, aged 50 years. His youth was mostly spent at Syracuse,
where he was placed in a store, but owing to the boy's distaste for mercantile pursuits, an attempt
was made to educate him in his father's profession of architect. To this calling he also proved
averse, and sometime afterwards became a pupil of Trumbull and Quidor in New York city. He
did not take up his residence permanently in that city until after he had made a reputation as a
portrait painter, having resided in the western part of the State for about ten years after finishing
his professional education. He first attracted notice by some creditable illustrations in oil of
scenes in the works of Irving and Spaulding. As a portrait painter he won a very marked suc
cess, and acquired an independent fortune. His works were distinguished by fidelity to the
originals, and a vigorous coloring that placed them far above the mere mechanical execution
of his art. Of late years, he resided at Albany. For some time previous to his death, he had
been suffering from a tumor on the brain, but that event is believed to have been superinduced
by excessive labor in painting as many as ten portraits between the middle of March and the
middle of July.
Ellsworth, William W., ex-Governor of Connecticut, born in Windsor county, November
10, 1791, and died at Hartford, January 15, aged 76 years. He ..was the son of Oliver Ellsworth,
and was educated at Yale College, from which he graduated in 1810. He was afterward Pro
fessor of Law in Trinity College, and was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1833. In
1838 he was elected Governor of Connecticut, and was re-elected four years. Gov. Ellsworth
was for many years a Judge of the" Supreme Court of Connecticut, and was well known for
his legal attainments and fine culture.
Engle, Frederick, Rear Admiral U. S. N., born in Delaware, in 1799, and died at Philadel
phia, February 12, aged 68 years. He entered the naval service in 1814, and commanded the
Princeton during the Mexican war.
Fessenden, T. A. D., a member of Congress from Maine, born in Portland, January 23,
1826, and died at Lewiston, Me., September 28, aged 42 years. Mr. Fessenden, who was the
brother of the Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, was educated at Bowdoin College, where he
graduated in 1845. He adopted the profession of the law, and was chosen attorney of Andros-
coggin county in 1861. He was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1860, and was elected a
Representative in Congress in 1862, to fill the unexpired term of C. W. Walton, resigned.
Finney, Darwin A., a member of the Fortieth Congress from Pennsylvania, born at Shrews
bury, Vt., in 1814, and died in Brussels, Belgium, August 25, aged 54 years. Mr. Finney re
moved to Meadville, Penn., in 1838. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly in 1854,
and of the State Senate from 1857 to 1860. In 1866, he was elected to Congress, but owing to
ill health, he was in his seat only a few days during the short session of 1867, and in the autumn
of that year he went abroad. His remains were brought home early in January, 1869, and
buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery, near Philadelphia.
Force, Peter, an American journalist and historian, and a noted bibliophile, born in New
Jersey, November 26, 1790, and died at Washington, D. C., January 23, aged 77 years. In early
life, Mr. Force became a printer in New York, where he resided until 1815, when he removed
to Washington. He began the publication of the "National Calendar," an annual volume of
statistics, in 1820, and continued it until 1836. From November, 1823, to February, 1830, he
published the " National Journal," a political newspaper, which enjoyed the distinction of be
ing the organ of John Quincy Adams1 administration. He was Mayor of Washington from
1S36 to 1840. In 1&33, Mr. Force made a contract with the United States Government for the
publication of a documentary history of the American colonies, of which 9 volumes appeared,
under the title of u American Archives." He also published a series of tracts in 4 volumes, on
the same subject. Thirty years were spent in the preparation of his work, and the collection
of books, manuscripts and maps that he gathered during that time are unequaled for complete
ness and value. These were purchased by the Government some time before the death of Mr.
Force, and placed in the library of Congress.
Ford, Thomas H., died at Washington, February 29, aged 54 years. He had been Lieuten
ant Governor of Ohio, and commanded a brigade for some time during the civil war.
783 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Fulfori, Francis, D. D., Lord Bishop of Montreal and Metropolitan of Canada, born in
Sedmouth, England, in the year 1803, and died at Montreal, September 9, aged 65 years. He
was educated at the university of Oxford, graduating in 1824. He held a curacy for a brief
period, but in 1832, he was appointed rector of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, and the same year
was made chaplain to the Duchess of Gloucester. In 1841, he was appointed rector of Croy-
den, Cambridgeshire, and the same year became minister of Curzon chapel, May fair, London.
He was consecrated Bishop of Montreal in 1850, an office which he held until his death.
Gannon, Mary (Mrs. Stephenson), an American actress, born in New York, October 8, 1829,
and died in that city, February 22, aged 38 years. She played in child parts at the Old Bowery
Theatre when only six years old. In 1849, she married George W. Stephenson, a lawyer, but
upon the death of her husband, which occurred a few years afterward, she returned to the stage,
assuming her maiden name. At the time of her death she was a member of the company be
longing to Wallack's Theatre.
Gansevoort, Guert, a commodore in the United States Navy, born in the State of New
York, in 1812, and died at Schenectady, July 15, aged 56 years. After being educated at the
naval academy, he entered the service as a midshipman. He rose to prominence during the
Mexican war while in command of the John Adams. At the outbreak of the civil war he was
chief of ordnance at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and subsequently had command of the iron-clad
Roanoke. He was commissioned a commodore in I860, and placed upon the retired list in 1867.
Commodore Gansevoort was 45 years in the naval service, and spent 18 years of this time at sea.
Gates, William, Brevet Brigadier General, U. S. A., born in New York City, where he
died, October 7. He graduated at West Point in 1806. He served through the war with Great
Britain, and was in command of Fort Moultrie during the nullification troubles in South Caro
lina. He also served in Florida and in the Mexican war, and he was for two years Governor
of Tampico.
Gibbs, Alfred, a Major General by brevet in the United States Army, born in the State of
New York, April 23, 1823, and died at Leavenworth, Kansas, December 26, aged 45 years. He
entered the military academy at West Point in 1842, and was graduated in 1846, being brevetted
2d Lieutenant in the Mounted Rifles. He served through the Mexican war, and was twice
brevetted for gallant conduct. He afterward served on the staff of Gen. Persifer F. Smith, in
California, and was serving in New Mexico at the breaking out of the civil war. He was taken
prisoner in that territory, but was subsequently exchanged, and on coming North was given
the command of the 130th Regiment of New York Volunteers, and served with distinction un
der Gen. Sheridan in the latter part of the war. At the time of his death, he had been in the
Regular Army 23 years, and held the rank of Major and of a Brevet Major General.
Gillespie, William Mitchell, an American author, born in the year 1816, in New York
City, where he died January 1. aged 52 years. He was educated at Columbia College, after
which he spent several years in foreign travel. Returning to this country in 1845, he published
a spirited volume entitled "Rome as seen by a New Yorker in 1843-44. " The same year he
was appointed Professor of Civil Engineering in Union College, an office which he held until
his death. Prof. Gillespie was author of a popular volume on "Land Surveying," and of a
practical manual on road-making, entitled "Roads and Railroads." These works became
standard authorities. He was an ardent admirer of the philosophy of Augusts Comte, and, in
1857, under the title of "Philosophy of Mathematics," he published an abstract of Comte's
writings.
Gilmer, John A., an American statesman, born in 1805, and died at Greenboro\ N. C., May
21, aged 63 years. Mr. Gilmer was admitted to the bar in 1832. From 1846 to 1856 he was a
member of the Senate of North Carolina, and he was also a member of the Thirty-fifth Con
gress, and of the Confederate Congress.
Goodrich, Chauncey A., D. D., an American scholar, born in 1817, and died at New
Haven, Conn., March 27, aged 51 years. He graduated at Yale College in 1837 ; studied theology,
and was in the ministry until 1856. He was also Professor of Rhetoric and Professor of the
Pastoral Charge in Yale College. Prof. Goodrich married a daughter of Dr. Webster, the lexi
cographer, and was editor of the more recent editions of "Webster's Dictionary," previous to
the last.
Grayson, William, Governor of Maryland from 1838 to 1841. Mr. Grayson was for many
years an active Maryland politician. He died in Queen Anne's County, in that state, July 9,
aged 82 years.
Granger, Francis, an American statesman, born at Suffield, Hartford county, Connecticut,
in 1787, and died at his residence in Canandaigua, Ontario county, New York, August 28, aged
81 years. He graduated at Yale College in 1811, and began the practice of the law at Cauandai-
18:9.] OBITUAKIES. 783
gua in 1814. He was prominent in politics from 1825 to 1842, being especially identified with,
the anti-Masonic movement of that time. He was a member of the New York Assembly in
1825 and 1826, and again in 1829 and 1830. In 1828 and 1830 he was the candidate of the Anti-
Masons for Governor, but was defeated by Mr. Throop, the democratic candidate, and he was
again defeated for the same office by William L. Marcy, in 1832. He was four times elected to
Congress, the first time in 1834 and the last in 1840. In 1836, he was a candidate for Vice-Pre-
sident of the United States, on the ticket with Gen. Harrison, and was Harrison's Post Master
General during his short administration. Mr. Granger's well-known anti-slavery views at first
prevented his confirmation by the Senate, and it was understood that he was to retire from the
cabinet should he find it necessary to act with the abolition party. After his retirement from
official life, in 1842, he never held office, but still manifested much interest in public affairs.
Gurley, Phineas D., D. D., an American clergyman of the Presbyterian Church, died at
Washington, D. C., September 30, aged 52 years. Dr. Gurley was for many years chaplain of
the United States Senate, and pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church. The late
Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln both attended service at his Church, and he preached Presi
dent Lincoln's funeral sermon. He was active in promoting the union of the Old and New
School Presbyterians at the General Assembly held at St. Louis in 1866.
Halpine, Charles G., an American journalist, better known by his nom deplume of " Miles
O'Reilly," born in county Heath, near Dublin, Ireland, in November, 1829, and died in New
York City, August 3, aged 39 years. He was prepared for and entered Trinity College in 1846,
but the next year he married and came to Boston, where he remained for two years, employed
upon the journals of that city. In 1848, he became French translator for the New York Herald,
and after acting awhile in that capacity, and as correspondent for several New Y^ork journals,
he purchased an interest in The Leader, and assisted in editing that paper until the breaking
out of the civil war. In 1S61, he entered the military service as a private in the 69th New York
Regiment of three months troops, but he was soon appointed Major and Assistant Adjutant
General on the staff of Gen. Hunter, with whom he served in Hissouri and the Carolinas until
transferred to the staff of Major Gen. Halleck. While serving in the South, he wrote the let
ters of "Private Miles O'Reilly of the 47th New York." These letters were first written to a
New York newspaper, and afterward collected and published in a volume. They were entirely
fictitious, but their pungency and wit gave him considerable reputation. Just before his resig
nation from the army, Major Halpine was appointed a Brigadier General by brevet, and a Major
in the regular army. In 1866, he was elected Register of the city of New York, a position
worth nearly $50,000 a year, which he held at the time of his death. Gen. Halpine enjoyed
some reputation as a versifier, and was the poet at the consecration of the Gettysburg National
Cemetery in 1864. A poem published in The Tribune in 1854, beginning with the well-known
line — "Tear down the flaunting lie," was attributed to his pen.
Hampden, Right Rev. Renn Dickson, D. D., Bishop of Hereford, a descendant of the
celebrated John Hampden, born in Barbadoes in 1793, and died early in the year, aged 75 years.
He was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. In 1832, he delivered his Bampton Lectures, upon
which Dr. J. H. Newman wrote a pamphlet in 1836, after he had been appointed Regius Profes
sor of Divinity. Dr. Newman's pamphlet led both the High and Low Church parties to attack
Dr. Hampden for heresy, and he was censured by the university convocation. The High Church
party made a strong effort to prevent his consecration after his appointment to the See of Here
ford, but were unsuccessful.
Hartstene, Henry, formerly Commander in the United States Navy, born in South Caro
lina and died at Paris, March 31. He entered the navy as a midshipman in 1828, and served un
til 1861, when he resigned to enter the Confederate service. Commander Hartstene was best
known as the officer in command of the expedition that rescued Dr. Kane in the Arctic Ocean,
in 1855.
Havin, Leonor Joseph, a French publicist, born at St. Lo in 1799, and died at Paris No
vember 13, aged 69 years. He shared with his father, from 1816 to 1820, the exile to which the
latter had been condemned as a proscribed regicide, and upon his return to France took up his
residence at Caen. A liberal in politics, he was chosen in 1830 a delegate to enlighten the pro
visional government upon the wants and wishes of the western departments. He held some
local offices at St. Lo, was elected a deputy in 1831 and made secretary to the Chamber in 1S39,
but in 1842 in consequence of ministerial influence he was excluded from that office. After the
revolution of 1848 he was chosen to the Constituent Assembly for La Manche. He generally
voted with the Right upon all social and political questions. He was elected a member of the
council of state in 1849, but remained for 14 years without a seat in the Legislative Assembly.
In 1863 he was elected to Corps Legislatif from Paris, but being at the same time a successful
784 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
candidate of the opposition for La Manche, he chose to represent the latter place. For a long
time member of the departmental council (consul general) for La Manche, he was chosen to the
same office for the canton of Thorigny in 1861 in spite of the opposition of the government.
After the death of M. Perree he was political director of the Siecle, one of the most influential
of the daily newspapers of Paris.
Hawks, Right Rev. Cicero S., D.D., LL. D., Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese
of Missouri, born at Newborn, North Carolina, May 20, 1812, and died at St. Louis, Mo., April
21, aged 56 years. He was the brother of the late Rev. Francis L. Hawks, D. D., of New York,
in whose family he resided from a child, and to whom he was indebted for his education. After
taking orders he became in 1836 rector of Trinity Church at Buflalo, N. Y., where he continued
seven years. In 1843 he became rector of Christ Church, St. Louis, and the next year was
elected bishop of the diocese. He exercised the functions of his office for a quarter of a cen
tury, and always took an active and leading part in the questions agitating the Protestant Epis
copal Church, and in promoting the work to which he was devoted.
Head, Sir Edmund Walker, an English author and statesman, born at Maidstone, Kent,
in 1805, and died January 28, aged 63 years. He was educated at Winchester and Oriel College,
Oxford, graduating a first-class in classics in 1827. He was for some years a Fellow of Merton
College, and from 1838 to 1847 a commissioner and assistant commissioner of the Poor Laws.
He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick in the latter year, and held the posi
tion until 1854, when he succeeded Lord Elgin as Governor-General of Canada. He resigned
the latter position in 1861. Sir Edmund wrote learnedly on art ; edited "Kugler's Handbook of
Painting,11 and contributed a work on the " Shall and Will" controversy in Grammar.
Herrick, Anson, a member of Congress from New York, born at Lewiston, Maine, January
21, 1812, and died in New York city, February 6, aged 56 years. He received a common school
education, and then learned the business of a printer. In 1836 he settled in New York and es
tablished The Neiv York Atlas newspaper in 1838, of which he was the editor and proprietor
until his death. In 1853 he was chosen an Alderman of the city, and held the office of naval
store-keeper under President Buchanan's administration. He was elected a Representative in
Congress in 1862. Mr. Herrick was a democratic leader in New York, but early in life he was a
strenuous anti-Mason.
Biggins, Mathew James, an English Journalist, better known by his pseudonym of
"Jacob Omnium," born in Ireland about the year 1810, and died at his residence in London,
August 19. He was educated at Eton and at New College, Oxford, after which he served some
years as an officer in the army. For more than twenty years he was a constant contributor to
The London Times, but in 1863 he withdrew from that journal and became one of the principal
writers in The Pall Mall Gazette. He was also a frequent contributor to the Quarterly and Edin
burgh Reviews, and The Cornhill Magazine. His style was terse and vigorous, and he was a
severe satirist.
Hindman, Thomas C., a Confederate General, bom in Tennessee in 1818, and was killed at
Helena, Ark., September 27, aged 50 years. He served in the Mexican war as 2d Lieutenant in
a Mississippi regiment. He afterward removed to Arkansas and was a Representative from that
State in the 36th and 37th Congresses. At the outbreak of the civil war he entered the Confed
erate service and was appointed a Brigadier-General and afterward promoted to be Major-Gen-
eral. He first served under Buckner in Kentucky, and had command at Memphis. He was
charged in .1862 with obtaining $1,000,000 from the Memphis banks under a pretended authority
of Gen. Beaurcgard. Hindman was arrested, but his disgrace did not continue long, and he
was again appointed to command in Arkansas.
Hinds, James, a member of the 40th Congress from Arkansas, assassinated at Monroe, in
that State, October 22, at the age of 35 years. Mr. Hinds was born in Hebron, Washington Co.,
N. Y., December 5, 1833. He graduated at the Cincinnati Law College in 1856, and afterward
pursued his profession in Minnesota. During the civil war he served as a private in the Union
Army, and at its close took up his residence at Little Rock, Arkansas. He was a member of
the Convention which formed the present Constitution of the State, and was subsequently ap
pointed a commissioner to codify the laws.
Hopkins, John Henry, D. D., LL. D., an American clergyman, Protestant Episcopal Bishop
of Vermont, was born in Dublin Jan. 30, 1792, and died Jan. 9, aged 76 years. He came to America
with his parents in 1800, and after receiving a classical education passed a year in a counting
room in Philadelphia. When only 19 years old he embarked in the iron manufacture in Western
Pennsylvania, but failed in business in 1817 in consequence of the depression that followed the
peace of 1815. He then read law and after six months study was admitted to the bar at Pitts-
burg. He practiced for a few years, but he alterward entered the ministry and became Rector
1869.] OBITUAEIES. 785
of Trinity Church, Pittsburg, in May 1824, at which time he was ordained. In 1826 he was cleri
cal deputy to the general convention of the Episcopal Church, and again in 1829. In 1827 he waa
a candidate for assistant bishop of Pennsylvania, but the vote between him and Dr. Onderdorik
being a tie, he elected the latter by his own vote. In 1831 Mr. Hopkins accepted a call to Trin
ity Church, Boston, and became professor of Systematic Divinity in a Theological Seminary
established at that time by the diocese of Massachusetts. The next year he was elected the
first bishop of the separate diocese of Vermont, and accepted besides the rectorship of St.
Paul's Church, Burlington. He soon began a boys' school, which enabled him to give remunera
tive employment to a number of candidates for orders, but in erecting the buildings necessary
for the purposes of the school, he involved himself in debt to such a degree as to require the
sacrifice of his own property. He resigned his rectorship in 1856 to devote himself more exclu
sively to the affairs of his diocese, and to building up the "Vermont Episcopal Institute." Dr.
Hopkins was author of a number of works, mostly of a controversial character, on theological
subjects, published since the year 1833. A history of the Church in verse was published a short
time before his death, and at the close of the present year appeared the latest work from his pen,
in which he corrected some views advanced in previous works, acknowledging that he had erred
in confounding the Roman Catholic Church with Antichrist. In the early partof the civil war
he published a work defending slavery, that attracted considerable attention because of the source
from which it emanated. Dr. Hopkins married in 1816. At the time of his death he was pre
siding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church.
Hughes, Ball, an American sculptor, born in London January 19, 1806, and died at Boston
March 5, aged 62 years. He was placed for instruction under the sculptor Bailey, with whom he
remained for seven years. During this time he gained a number of important prizes. In 1829
he emigrated to New York, his first work of importance in this country being the statue of
Alexander Hamilton, for the Merchants' Exchange at New York, destroyed in the great fire of
1835. His most important work is his statue in bronze of Nathaniel Bowditch, in Mount Au
burn, near Boston, a work that is crumbling away, owing to imperfect casting. Mr. Hughea
was charged with using inferior materials that were corroded by the atmosphere, but more
charitable judges attribute the imperfections of the work to a want of knowledge in this coun
try at that time on the subject of bronze castings, and the poor appliances for producing good
work.
Ing-ersoll, Joseph R., an American statesman, born in Philadelphia June 17, 1786, and died
February 20, aged 82 years. He graduated at Princeton, and was admitted to the bar in 1807.
He was a member of Congress from ia35 to 1837, and again from 1841 to 1849. From 1850 to 1853
he was Minister of the United States to Great Britain.
Johnson, Herman M., D. D., an American clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
died at Carlisle, Pa., April 5. Dr. Johnson was Professor of Philosophy and English Literature
in Dickinson College from 1850 to 1860, and in the latter year he was elected President of that
institution.
Junkin, George, D. D., an American Clergyman of the Presbyterian Church, died in Phila
delphia, May 20. During the last half century he was identified with the most important move
ments in the Presbyterian Church, especially in the controversy that resulted in the division of
the Church into Old School and New School. On the organization of Lafayette College at
Easton, Pa., Dr. Junkin became its President, resigning the position in 1841 to become Presi
dent of the Miami University. In 1844 he again became President of Lafayette College, but
resigned in 1848 to accept the Presidency of Washington College at Lexington, Va. When the
civil war broke out Dr. Junkin was still at Lexington, but he remained steadfast in his devotion
to the Union, and was compelled to leave the State as one of the many refugees from Virginia
in the early days of the war. Soon after coming to the North Dr. Junkin accepted a Professor
ship at Lafayette College, retaining the position until the time of his death. The famous Stone
wall Jackson was his son-in-law, having married a daughter of Dr. Junkin while residing at
Lexington.
Kean, Charles, an English actor, born at Waterford, England, in 1811, and died at London
January 23, aged 57 years. He was the second eon of the celebrated Edmund Kean, and waa
placed by his father at Eton until a change of fortune made his removal necessary, and he then
resolved to adopt the stage as a profession. His first appearance was at Drury Lane, October
1, 1827, as Young Norval in Home's tragedy of " Douglass," but it was not particularly success
ful. Neither were his after performances much better received, and it was not until October,
1829, when he was acting Romeo and Sir Edward Mortimer in the "Iron Chest," at the Hay-
market, that he was mentioned in terms of praise in the London journals. He had previously
played in the provinceR, and in October 1828, while performing at Glasgow, he had the satisfac-
50
786 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
tion of being reconciled to his father, from whom he had been estranged owing to the separa
tion of Edmund Kean from his mother. For his son's benefit Edmund Kean consented to play
Brutus to Charles Kean1s Titus, and father and son afterward played in conjunction at Dublin
and Cork. Charles Kean made his first appearance in New York in September 1830, as Richard
III., meeting with a cordial reception, and had the satisfaction of returning to England at the
age of 22 with an established reputation. But his success in London was still slight, though at
Dublin, Edinburgh, Manchester and other places he was received with marks of appreciation sim
ilar to those with which he had been greeted in America, and it was not until after his brilliant
euccess at Covent Garden, where he appeared as Hamlet on January 8, 18:38, that he became a
favorite in the metropolis. His memorable appearance at Covent Garden in " Othello,11 as layo
to his fathers Moor, Miss Ellen Tree playing Desdemona, was made on March 28, 1833, the fail
ure of Edmund Kean^ powers while performing, and his subsequent death, making it one of
the most notable events in dramatic history. During his first successful engagement in Lond'on,
Charles Kean appeared in only three characters, Hamlet, Richard III., and Sir Giles Oven-each.
Early in June of the following year he appeared at the Haymarket with equal success, and after
making a second visit to this country, resumed his place at that theater in 1840. In 1842, while
playing at Dublin, Mr. Kean married Miss Ellen Tree, and in 1845 in conjunction with his wife,
visited the United States for the third time, his fourth and last tour through this country, his
wife again accompanying him, being made in the year 1865. In 1850 he became manager of the
Princess1 Theater, and during the next ten years he and his wife were identified with the splen
did revival of Shakspearc's historic plays, by the departure from conventional precedents and
the adoption in their stead of costumes and scenery true in the matter of historical details.
After 1860 Mr. and Mrs. Kean appeared in several short engagements both in Great Britain and
America.
Kearney, Lawrence, a Commodore in the U. S. Navy, born in Perth Amboy, N. J., Nov
ember 30, 1789, and died at that place, November 29, aged 79 years. He entered the naval service
as a midshipman in 1807, and in 1809 was ordered to the frigate Constitution, and subsequently
to the President. In the war of 1812 he distinguished himself, and was made a Lieutenant.
His next service was in. suppressing the pirates in the West Indies under the notorious Gibbs,
and in 1825 he was sent to the Mediterranean in the sloop-of-war Warren to protect American
commerce from the Greek pirates. In the following year he bombarded Miconi, compelling the
pirates to restore property belonging to American merchants. He was given command of the
East India squadron in 1840, and served zealously until 1862, when he was placed on the retired
list. He was commissioned Commodore in 1866.
Kimball, Heber C., a Mormon Elder and one of the three members of the Presidency to
whom all Mormondom is subject, was born in 1801, and died at Salt Lake City, June 22, aged 67
years. He was converted to Mormonism in 1832, the same year with Brigham Young, at Kirt-
land, Ohio, where Sidney Rigdon and Joe Smith erected a temple in 1836. Kimball and Young
shared in all the vicissitudes of fortune of Smith and Rigdon, both at Kirtland and in Missouri.
Kimball was ordained as one of the twelve apostles in 1835, and in 1837 he was sent with Orson
Hyde from Kirtlaud, as a missionary to England. When the constitution of the Mormon Church
was perfected by the creation of a First Presidency, Kimball was associated with Brigham
Young and Daniel C. Wells in that office, and in the event of Young's death would have been
his successor. Young was always accustomed to speak of him as the model saint, and he on
the other hand always manifested the most sycophantic respect for Young. He was uneducated
and was described as a cunning, cruel, and unscrupulous man, coarse and disgusting as a
speaker. He gloated over the polygamic feature of Mormonism, and sometimes boasted that
he had more wives than the Prophet himself, but this was always discredited. His claims to
be the head of the Mormon Church in the event of Brigham's death, were reported to have been
eet aside in favor of Brigham Young, Jr., with whom Kimball had recently been in England
upon the missionary business of Mormonism.
Krummacher, Frederic Wilhelm, a distinguished minister of the Reformed Church
in Prussia, a strenuous opponent of the rationalistic school of theology, and an author of no
small reputation, died in Potsdam, December 20, 1868. He was son of the eminent theologian
and poet, Prof. Frederic Krummacher. He was born in Duesburg in 1790, and for several
years previous to his death was chaplain of the Prussian Court. Most of his numerous works
have been translated into English and published in this country. Prominent among these are
"Elijah the Tishbite,11 "The Last Days of Elisha," "Solomon and the Shulamite,11 etc. His
last published work is "David the King of Israel.1' In 1843, he was elected to a professorship
in the Theological Seminary of the German Reformed Church at Mercersburg, Penn., which ha
declined with expressions of the kindest appreciation of the honor conferred upon him.
1869.] OBITUARIES. 787
Leeser, Rev. Isaac, Rabbi of the principal Portuguese Synagogue in Philadelphia, died in
that city February 1, aged 60 years. He was born in Westphalia, and began his official minis
trations in Philadelphia, in 1829. Dr. Leeser was for a number of years editor of the Occident, a
publication devoted to the interests of Judaism, and was well known as a writer on controver
sial subjects, and a translator of many devotional works. He was a man of great learning, and
was held in great respect for his attainments.
Leutze, Emmanuel, an American painter, born in Gmiind, Wurtemberg, May 24, 1816, and
died at Washington, D. C., July 19, aged 52 years. Mr. Leutze emigrated to this country with his
parents while he was very young, and his youth was passed in Philadelphia. He early showed
much taste for drawing and sketching portraits, and in 1841 he went abroad to become a pupil of
Lessing, director of the gallery at Dusseldorf. He had previously made some reputation by his
paintings of "Hagar and Ishmaelin the Desert," and "The Indian Contemplating the Setting
Sun." Soon after becoming a pupil of Lessing, he painted his " Columbus before the Council
of Salamanca," which was considered a great success, and in 1842 he obtained from the exposi
tion at Brussels a medal for his "Columbus in Chains." About the same time he finished his "Co
lumbus before the Queen," and " The Reception of Columbus at Barcelona." Mr. Leutze spent
the year 1843 at Munich, studying the works of Cornelius and Kaulbach, and in 1845, having in
the meantime studied at Venice and Rome, he returned to Dusseldorf, where he married. He
afterwards continued to devote himself to historical subjects, producing many well-known and
much-admired pictures, among the most celebrated of which in this country are his "Washing
ton at Monmouth," and "Washington Crossing the Delaware." Mr. Leutze returned to this
country in 1859, and was engaged in painting historical pictures in the capitol at Washington.
One of the best of these works is his "Westward Ho ! " in the interior of the south wing. At
the time of his death, his family were traveling in Germany, and he was living in Washington
with a young daughter.
Limayrac, Paulin, a French journalist widely known as a writer both in politics and
belles lettres, of profound analytical power and great mastery of language, born at Caussade,
(Tarn-et-Garonne), France, February 26, 1817, and died at Paris, July 11, aged 51 years. He
commenced his studies at Montauban, and finished his education at the college of Henry IV. in
Paris. In 1840 he began to write for the Revue de Paris, and from 1843 to 1845 was one of the
editors of the Revue des Deux Afondes, besides contributing to other periodicals. The literary
chronicle of the journal was under his direction, and he also contributed a series of articles
under the general title of " Simples Essais d'Hisloire Litteraire," and a romance afterward pub
lished in separate form, entitled "L' 'Ombre d'Eric." In 1849 he wrote a five-act comedy, "La
Comedie en Espagne," which, though never played owing to political events, obtained for him
in 1855 the Cross of Commander of the Order of Charles III. of Spain. From 1852 to 1855, M.
Limayrac was literary editor of the Presse newspaper, and in May, 1856, he became one of the
political editors of the Constitutionnel He was also a writer for the Patrie, and in June, 1861, he
became editor-in-chief of the Pays, a position he left in October of the same year for the Con
stitutionnel. He was decorated with the Legion of Honor in 1856, in 1861 was promoted to a
Grand Officer, and was the recipient of other distinctions. A collection of his literary contri
butions to the Presse was made in 1856, under the title of "Coups de Plume Sinceres.
Lincoln, Levi, ex-Governor of Massachusetts, born at Worcester, in that State, October 22,
1782, and died May 29, aged 75 years. He graduated at Harvard college and was admitted to the
bar in 1805. In 1812, he was elected State Senator, and from 1814 to 1823 he was a member of the
lower house of the Massachusetts Legislature, of which he was Speaker in 1822. He was Lieu
tenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1823 : in 1824 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme
Court, and was elected Governor of the State in 1825. He was re-elected for four successive
terms, and was the first Governor of Massachusetts, who ever exercised the veto power. From
1834 to 1841, he was a Representative in Congress, and in the latter year was appointed by Pres
ident Harrison Collector of the port of Boston, a position he held until 1843. In 1844 and 1845,
he was again a State Senator and President of the Senate. He was the first mayor of Worces
ter, being elected to that position in 1848. Mr. Lincoln was a gentleman of liberal attainments
and fine culture.
Longley, Charles Thomas, D. D., an English clergyman and Archbishop of Canterbury,
" Primate of all England and Metropolitan," was bom at Rochester in the year 1794, and died
in London October 27, aged 74 years. He was educated at Westminster, where he was put
upon the foundation as a " King's scholar," and at Christ Church, Oxford. He took his Bache
lor's degree in Michaelmas term, 1815, gaining a. first class in classics, and then became a
Tutor and Censor of his college, and also served the University office of Proctor. In 1823, he
undertook the pastoral charge of the parish of Cowley, two miles from Oxford, and in 1825 and
788 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND KEGISTER. [1869.
1826, acted as a Public Examiner in the classical schools. He quitted Oxford in 1827, on being
presented to the living of West Tytherly in Hampshire, but on the resignation of the late Dr.
Butler, he accepted the post of Head Master of Harrow School, which he retained for seven
years. In 1836, the See of Ripon was founded to relieve the See of York from a part of its res
ponsibilities in the manufacturing districts, and Dr. Longley was appointed to the Episcopate by
Lord Melbourne. On the resignation of Dr. Maltby in 1856, he was appointed by Lord Palmers-
ton to the Bishopric of Durham, and four years afterward he was promoted to the Archbishopric
of York. Only two more years elapsed after his promotion to the See of York until the Archie-
piscopal See of Canterbury became vacant by the death of Dr. Sumner, in 1862, when the choice
of the Ministry again fell upon Dr. Longley, and he was recommended to the Dean and Chapter
of Canterbury, as the man best fitted to fill the " Metropolitan " throne of "All England." In
his Archiepiscopal administration there were but few salient features, the most notable act of
Archbishop Longley being the calling together of the "Pan-Anglican Synod" at Lambeth, in
1867, to consider the case of Dr. Colenso, the bishop of Natal. He presided over the delibera
tions of the Conference, and had a large share in drawing up the Pastoral letter of the Bishops
to the Auglican Churches. Dr. Longley enjoyed the patronage of nearly 200 livings, and the
value of his archdiocese was £15,000 a year. He was left a widower some years before his
death.
Louis I., Charles Augustus, ex-king of Bavaria, born August 25, 1786, and died March 19,
aged 82 years. He was the sou of Maximilian Joseph, king of Bavaria, and was educated at
the Universities of Landshut and Gottingen. He took part in the campaigns against Austria,
in 1809, and succeeded his father October 13, 1825. The king had a strong taste for the fine arts,
and managed the revenue of his kingdom with the strictest economy, that he might be able to
enrich his Glyptotheca, a magnificent museum of sculpture, that he built, with the choicest
works of art. He also erected other public works, and did much to infuse a taste for art among
the people. He was the author of four volumes of "Poems," Gedichte, published in 1829, and
a prose work, WalhallcCs Genossen, in 1843. In the sphere of learning he was especially active
in the encouragement of historical studies. His administration was at first liberal, but the king
fell under the control of the ultramontane clergy, and was subject to their influence from 1831
to 1847. Popular discontent had grown strong in Munich, and the downfall of the ultramontane
party did not allay the excitement. The supposed influence of the king's mistress, the well
known Lola Montez, served rather to increase it. He created her Countess of Landsfelt, in
1846, and conferred many other favors upon her ; but the popular clamor, on her account, ended
in disturbances at Munich, in 1848, and she was driven from the country. Soon afterward
(March 20), the king himself went into retirement, in which he continued until his death, hav
ing abdicated in favor of his son, Maximilian.
Lover, Samuel, an English novelist, born in Dublin. 1797, and died in London, July 6, aged
71 years. Mr. Lover was the son of a member of the Dublin Stock Exchange, and first won his
way to distinction as an artist. Starting as a miniature painter, his portraits attracted so much
attention as to procure him many sitters from among the English and Irish aristocracy. In 1828
he was elected an academician of the Royal Hibernian Society of Arts, and was made secretary
of the Society, but notwithstanding his success, his taste for literature led him to abandon art.
While engaged as a painter, he contributed to a periodical a series of " Legends and Tales, Illus
trative of Irish Character," and removed to London in 1837, where, encouraged by his success
in Dublin, he devoted himself to literary pursuits. His " Irish Sketches " were published in
that year, and in the year following, his best known work, "Handy Andy," appeared in Bentleifs
Miscellany. His " Songs and Ballads " appeared in ia39 ; about the same time, he composed a
number of operas and expanded some of his tales and sketches into elaborate works of fiction,
but finding that his health was beginning to suffer, he conceived the idea in 1844 of reciting and
singing his own works in public. These entertainments, which he called "Irish Evenings,"
contained graphic sketches of Irish humor varied with songs and music of his own composition.
They became very popular in London and the provinces, and the reputation that he acquired by
his recitals induced him to visit the United States and Canada in 1846, where he was as success
ful as at home. On his return to England in 1848, he proceeded to illustrate his experience in
this country by a second entertainment, which was also very successful. His last works are
"Metrical Tales and Poems" published in 1859, "Lyrics of Ireland," 1858, and "Treasure Trove,"
1844. Since 1856, Mr. Lover received a literary pension of £100 per annum from his government.
As a writer he was graphic without being polished, but his humor was irresistible.
McCall, George Archibald, an American general, born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1802,
and died at West Chester, Pa., February 25, aged 66 years. He was graduated at West Point in
1822, and served for a few years aa 2d Lieutenant in the 4th Infantry. In 1831, he was appointed
1869.] OBITUARIES. 789
aid-de-camp to Gen. Gaines, and was Assistant Adjutant General of the Western Department
until 1836, when he was promoted to be captain. He was recommended for promotion by Gen.
Worth for gallantry in the war with the Florida Indians, and was promoted to be Major and
Lieutenant Colonel by brevet for gallantry in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma.
In 1847, he was promoted to be Major in the 3d Infantry, and while serving with his regiment
iu New Mexico, in 1850, was appointed by President Taylor Inspector General of the army, with
the rank of Colonel of Cavalry, He resigned his commission in 1853. At the outbreak of the
civil war, in 1861, soon after the three months troops had taken the field, he was requested by
Gov. Curtin of Pennsylvania to organize a corps of 15,000 men, to be called the Pennsylvania
Reserve Corps. With these he took the field, and near the close of the year he planned the bat
tle of Dranesville, the first success of the Army of the Potomac. He continued in command
of hi* division throughout the winter and spring of 1861-62, and though retained on the Poto
mac after the departure of McClellan for the Peninsula, he joined the army before Richmond,
June IS, 1862, his division being attached to the corps of Fitz John Porter. On the 26th, he
fought in the battle of Mechanicsville, in which the enemy were repulsed, and in the battle of
Gaines' Mill, on the 27th, he held the extreme left of the Union line. The Pennsylvania Re
serves suffered more in these two days than any division in the army, but preserved their or
ganization intact, and gained a high reputation for discipline and valor. On the 30th, Gen. Mo
Call fought, with success, a superior Confederate force at the crossing of the Turkey bridge, on
the New Market road, while defending the wagon trains passing at that point. After the battle,
while reconnoitering in the darkness in front of his line, he was surprised and captured, and was
held as a prisoner in Richmond until exchanged in the following August. He suffered 'much
during his confinement, and after his exchange he returned to his home in Chester county, and,
owing to his impaired health, did not again resume his command. In 1862, he was a democratic
candidate for Congress, but was unsuccessful.
McGee, Thomas D'Arcy, a Canadian statesman, born at Carlingford, Ireland, April 13,
1825, and assassinated at Ottawa, Canada, April 7, aged 43 years. He emigrated to Boston in
1842, where he held a position on the press for a few years, but again returned to Ireland and
joined the staff of The Nation newspaper. In 1847, he called a meeting in the Rotundo, Dub
lin, to oppose the later policy of O'Connell, and in 1849, he became compromised by the part he
took in the Young Ireland emeute. Escaping to the United States, he established T fie Ameri
can Celt newspaper at New York. At first he was an ardent admirer and advocate of Republican
institutions, but when the " Know Nothing," or American movement, developed itself in this
country, he became a steady royalist, and soon afterward removed to Montreal. He was chosen
Representative from Montreal in 1857, and from 1864 to 1867 was President of the Executive
Council of Canada. He was the chief Canadian commissioner to the Paris Exhibition in 1855,
and to the Exhibition at Dublin in 1864. He took a leading part as a delegate to all the confer
ences to promote the Union of the British North American Provinces, and held the post of
Minister of Agriculture under the new government. Mr. McGee enjoyed considerable reputa
tion as a writer, his principal work being a u Popular History of Ireland," in two volumes, pub
lished at New York in 1862 ; and he was a man of marked ability as an orator. In the House
of Commons, two hours previous to his assassination, he delivered an able speech on the posi
tion of Nova Scotia on the question of a repeal of the Union, and was just entering the door
of his residence when he was shot from behind, the wound causing instant death. An Irish
Fenian named James Whelan was afterward tried and executed as the murderer.
McRae, John J., an American politician, bom hi Wayne county, Mississippi, and died at
Balize, Honduras, May 30. He adopted the profession of the law, and afterward served in both
branches of the Mississippi Legislature, being twice elected speaker of the Lower House. In
1851, he served for a short time in the United States Senate by appointment to fill a vacancy.
Mr. McRae was Governor of Mississippi from 1854 to 1858, and a Representative hi Congress
from 1858 to 1861. He took part in the civil war, and after the close of the war lived abroad.
Mag-ee, John, a member of Congress from New York, born in that state and died at Wat-
kins, April 5, aged 74 years. He was a Representative in Congress from 1827 to 1831. Mr. Ma-
gee was largely interested in railroads and coal mines, and was reputed to be worth $40,000,000.
Mann, Abijah, Jr., a member of Congress from NewYork from 1833 to 1837, born at Fair-
field, Herkimer county, September 24, 1793, and died at Auburn, September 6, aged 75 years.
He was a member of the State Legislature from 1827 to 1830, and again in 1838. He began life
as a teacher, and was afterward a merchant, postmaster, and Justice of the Peace.
Mann, James, a member of the American Congress, born in Maine and died at New Or
leans, August 26, aged 46 years. Mr. Mann began life as a teacher, and resided at Gorham many
years. He was at different times a member of both branches of the Maine Legislature. He
790 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
entered the army as a captain at the outbreak of the civil war, but he was subsequently made a
Paymaster, and in 1863 was assigned to duty at New Orleans, where he remained until the close
of the war. He was then appointed by President Lincoln, Treasury Agent in connection with
the Customs, and subsequently by President Johnson in connection with the Department of In
ternal Revenue. In 1867, he was actively interested in reorganizing the democratic party of
Louisiana, and was in that year elected a Representative in Congress from the Second Louisiana
District. It was mainly to his efforts that the proposition to furnish arms to the militia of the
South was defeated.
Marocchetti, Charles Baron, a celebrated sculptor, born at Turin, of French parents, in
1805, and died in London, January 1, aged 63 years. He was educated at the lycee Napoleon,
and then entered the studio of Bosio. After studying in Italy, he returned to France in 1827,
and the same year exhibited u A Young Girl Playing with a Dog." In 1831, he exhibited his
''Fallen Angel," and about the same time executed for the Academy of Fine Arts of Turin a
statue of Bishop Morsi, and without any reward, an equestrian statue of Emmanuel Philibert.
The latter was his greatest work, and was the only thing sent by the artist to the Paris Exhibi
tion of 1855. In 1839, Marocchetti was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He afterwaixl
executed many works, including the bas relief for one of the triumphal arches of Paris, but in
1848, he went to England from political causes, and continued to reside in that country until
his death. Among his late works are an equestrian statue of the Queen, executed for the city
of Glasgow in 1854 ; an obelisk in granite to the memory of the soldiers who fell in the Crimea,
1856, and the Mausoleum of the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Charles 1, 1857. M. Marocchetti
contributed his share to the national worship of the late Prince Albert, by a portrait bust of his
Royal Highness, among the great number of busts executed by him during his residence in
England.
Marsh, John, D. D., an American clergyman and temperance advocate, born in Connecti
cut in 1788, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 4, aged 80 years. He was educated at Yale
College, and at 21 commenced the work of the ministry. Dr. Marsh was throughout life an un
remitting advocate of temperance, and published many sermons and addresses on the subject,
besides a hand-book, entitled " Temperance Recollections." He was also the editor of "The
Temperance Journal," while that paper was published.
Mattison, Hiram, D. D., an American clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, born
at Oswego, N. Y., in 1814, and died at Jersey City, November 25, aged 54 years. Dr. Mattison
was for many years a member of the Black River Conference, and Professor in the Black River
Institute. He removed to New York City in 1850, where, on account of some difference of
opinion between himself and the brethren of his church, he severed his connection with the
Conference, and founded the Trinity M. E. Church in Sixth Avenue, over which he presided for
a number of years. He afterward renewed his connection with the Conference, and in 1865
united with the Newark Conference. From 1865 to 1867 he was pastor of the Trinity M. E.
Church in Jersey City, but resigned in the latter year to accept the post of Secretary to the
American and Foreign Christian Union. Dr. Mattison was a frequent contributor to The Na
tional Magazine, a periodical published under the auspices of the Methodist Book Concern, and
upon the establishment of the Northern Independent at Auburn, N. Y., he became one of its
associate editors. During the last few months of his life he attracted some attention from the
stand taken by him in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church, and made himself especially
prominent by the part he took in the alleged abduction case of Mary Ann Smith in New Jersey.
Mayne, Sir Richard, K. C. B., for many years one of the Police Commissioners of Lon
don, born in Ireland in 1796, and died at London, December 27, aged 72 years. His father was
one of the Judges of the Court of King's Bench, Ireland. He was educated at Trinity College,
Dublin, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, and took the degree of A. M. in 1821. He was called
to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, in 1822. In 1829, he was appointed a Commissioner of the London
Police, in which position he showed great executive ability, but he recently made himself un
popular by attempting to suppress the Sunday meetings of workingmen, an attempt which re-
suited in the Hyde Park riot. He further showed his eccentricities by a war upon dogs and the
trundling of children's hoops in the streets, but in his earlier years he rendered valuable service,
for which he was created a C. B. in 1847, and a K. C. B., civil division, in 1851.
Menken, Adah Isaacs, an American actress, born in Chicago, Illinois, about the year
1832, and died in Paris, August 11, aged 36 years. Her maiden name was Adah Isaacs, the name
of Menken being that of her first husband, to whom she was espoused before she became an
object of public interest. Her marriage with Mr. Menken proved unhappy, and she afterward
formed a liaison with John C. Heenan, the pugilist, while in California, which continued after
she came to New York, in 1860. She claimed to be married to Heenan, but her charms, so
1869.] OBITUARIES. 791
freely exhibited on the stage at this time that to her example the successful origin of the nude
drama is attributed, were also used as the means of unnumbered conquests. Heenan subse
quently disavowed the marriage. She was introduced to the New York public in 1860, by Mr.
James Nixon, proprietor of the circus in Sixteenth street, where she sustained the character of
Mazeppa with great success. Her success on the stage has been attributed to her fine figure
and easy carriage and a free and debonair demeanor, that has never been excelled by those who
minister to the prurient imagination. But Mrs. Menken must have had some genuine qualities
as an artist, at least in the line she had chosen, and she made the character of Mazeppa her
own. In 1864, she was engaged to appear by Mr. E. T. Smith, the lessee of the Theatre Royal,
Astley's, London, in the only character in which she excelled, and for nearly two seasons she
played the part with great acceptability to the public of the English metropolis, if not to the
critics. During her second season in London, she appeared in a drama called " The Children
of the Sun," written for her by Mr. John Brougham, but was unsuccessful. She continued to
reside in Europe, and shortly before her death was playing in Paris to crowded houses. During
her residence in New York she married Mr. R. H. Newell, better known as " Orpheus C. Kerr,"
but the relation proved unhappy, and in less than a year it was dissolved. While abroad, her
name was associated in unenviable notoriety with those of Alexander Dumas, pere, the novelist,
and Swinburne the poet, among others. Rumor credited the young English poet with being
engaged in editing a volume of verse from her pen about the time of her death, which has sub
sequently appeared, dedicated, by permission, to Charles Dickens.
Michael III., Prince of Servia, born September 4, 1828, and assassinated at Belgrade, June
10. Michael Obrenovitch was the younger son of Prince Milosh Obrenovitch. He was educated
together with his elder brother Milan, under the care of a Russian professor named Zoritch,
and subsequently of a young Greek of Trieste. After the abdication of his father, consequent
upon the revolution, and the death of his elder brother, which occurred three months after his
being proclaimed Prince, Michael returned from the exile which he had shared with his father,
and on July 8, 1839, he was proclaimed prince upon the terms of the proclamation of 1838. He
proceeded to Constantinople, where the title and decoration of Muchir was conferred upon him
by the Sultan in January, 1840. The first years of the Prince's rule were rendered unhappy by
constant difficulties with Turkey, and in 1842, intrigue and faction so far succeeded that the
National Assembly proclaimed the right to rule to be forfeited by the Obrenovitch family, and
conferred the dignity upon Alexander Karageorgevitch. The prince spent the next few years
in traveling in Europe, but upon the death of his father, in 1860, (restored to power in 1858), he
again became the hereditary ruler of Servia, and in 1867, succeeded in compelling Turkey to
withdraw the garrisons of the five fortresses in the possession of that government. He waa
assassinated by three men who suddenly fired upon him while walking through one of the pub
lic parks of Belgrade, the charge being made that the assassins were instigated to the deed by
the Prince Karageorgevitch.
Miller, James F., a commodore in the U. S. Navy, born in New Hampshire and died at
Charlestown, Massachusetts, July 11, aged 65 years. He entered the naval service from Massa
chusetts in 1826, and after passing through the various grades of rank, was promoted to be
commodore in 1866.
Milman, Henry Hart, D. D., an English author and divine, Dean of St. Paul's, born in
London, Feb. 10, 1791, and died Sept. 25, aged 77 years. He was educated at Eton and Brazen
Nose College, Oxford. He was author of a play entitled " Fazio," which was first produced at
Covent Garden, and is occasionally acted even now. In 1818, he published a heroic poem in
12 books, entitled " Samor," and this was followed by the u Fall of Jerusalem," " Anne Boleyn,"
" The Martyr of Antioch," &c. Dr. Milman is best known by his prose works, of which hia
"History of the Jews" is perhaps the most important. , This work was published in 1835, and
was followed by a "History of Christianity," in 1840, and a "History of Latin Christianity,"
in 1855. He also wrote a "Life of Keats," edited an illustrated edition of Horace with a life
of the poet, and furnished " Notes and Illustrations " to Gibbon's great work. He contributed
numerous articles to the Quarterly Review, and in 1827, published " Sermons at the Bampton
Lecture." He took orders in 1817, and was appointed vicar of St. Mary's, Reading. In 1821,
he was elected Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford ; was afterward made rector
of St. Margaret's, Westminster, and in 1849 was appointed Dean of St. Paul's.
Mitchell, S. Augustus, an eminent American Geographer and author of a popular series
of Text Books on that subject, known by his name, died December 20, in Philadelphia, where
he had resided for more than half a century.
Monagas, Gen. Jose Tadeo, Provisional President of Venezuela, born about 1786, and
died early in November, aged 82 years. Monagas was one of the few remaining contempora
ries of Bolivar the liberator of Spanish America. On the outbreak of the revolution in South
792 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
America, he entered the ranks, fought bravely, and won great distinction. When order was
restored in Venezuela and Gen. Paez elected the first President of the Republic, Monagas en
deavored to get up an insurrection to overturn the Government, but the attempt failed. Var
gas succeeded Paez, when Monagas again raised the standard of revolt, but Paez took the field
against him, and this attempt also failed. By the aid of Paez, who by this means hoped to
give peace to Venezuela, Monagas at last obtained the goal of his ambition by being elected
President ; but after exercising his functions for two years, he overturned the government,
proclaimed himself dictator, and drove Paez from the country. He ruled as dictator eleven
years, but was finally overthrown by a revolution in 1859, and compelled to retire to private
life. During the recent revolution in Venezuela, although then more than eighty years of age,
he took the field against President Falcon, and having vanquished him, caused himself to be
proclaimed Provisional President of the Republic. But for his death he would probably have
been again elected President of Venezuela.
Mongkout, Chao Pha, King of Siam, born about the year 1805, and died October 1, aged
63 years. He succeeded his father, Phen Din Klang, in 1825, by right of being the eldest son
of the queen. He was, however, set aside by his elder brothers, and then became a Buddhist
monk, devoting much of his time to the study of science and language. He was a member of
the Asiatic Society of Great Britain, and spoke English with much fluency. In April, 1851,
upon the death of his brother Chao, he ascended the throne, and discarding the monastic drese
he assumed all the insignia of royalty, taking the title of Prabat Somdet Pra Paramenthon
Maha Mongkout. Among the first acts of his reign he established a royal printing press, and
granted freedom of worship. In 1855, he concluded a treaty of commerce with Great Britain,
and the next year with France and the United States. He paid great attention to the develop
ment of the internal resources of his Kingdom, and caused many roads, canals and other im
provements to be constructed in various parts of Siam.
Morehead, Charles S., ex-Governor of Kentucky, born in Nelson county in that state,
in 1802, and died in Washington county, Mississippi, December 23, aged 60 years. He adopted
the profession of the law. In 1828 and 1829 he was a member of the State Legislature, and
again from 1838 to 1842, and in 1844 and 1853. He was three times speaker. He was appointed
Attorney General of the state in 1832, and held the office five years. He was a Representative
in Congress from 1847 to 1851. In 1855, he was elected Governor of Kentucky, and was a mem
ber of the Peace Congress of 1861. After the breaking out of the civil war, he was for a long time
confined in Fort Lafayette. His last days were spent on the plantation in Mississippi, where
he died.
Muzaffar-ed-din, Emir of Bokhara, died in the prime of life, sometime in July or August.
He was the son of Nasrullah Khan, who put to death the British subjects Conolly and Stoddart
during the troubles in Afghanistan ; but the late Khan was distinguished for an extreme soft
ness of character, love of justice and genuine piety. In consequence he was sometimes in
volved in religious wars with the unbelievers ; but he seemed to have been inspired by a love
of conquest rather than zeal against simple unbelief. In a war with the Khan of Khokand he
was highly successful, but his struggles against the overwhelming power of Russia brought
him to the brink of destruction. After the capture of Samarcand, a short time before hie
death, he was completely in the power of his victorious enemy. Forsaken by his subjects, by
whom he was once adored, and abandoned by his relatives who intrigued against him, he did
not live to see the capture of his capital or to accept the terms dictated by Russia. His death
changed the hostile attitude of the Russians toward the Khanates into a friendly one, and
seems to confirm the Imperial power in Central Asia.
Narvaez, Don Ramon Maria, Duke of Valencia, a Spanish General and statesman, born
at Loga in Andalusia, Angust 4, 1800, and died at Madrid April 23, aged 68 years. He took part
at a very early age in the war against the Emperor Napoleon I., and rose rapidly in the army.
In 1835 he fought so zealously against the Carlists on the breaking out of the insurrection in the
Basque provinces, that he was appointed Brigadier, and gained great reputation by his pursuit
of Gomez, the Carlist general in 1836. Soon after the close of the war in 1840, he quarreled
with Espartero, and in 1841 joined in the attempt to overthrow that minister by an insurrection.
Failing in this, he was obliged to seek refuge in Paris, but the expulsion of Espartero in 1843,
was owing in a great measure to Narvaez, who was rewarded for his part in the movement with
the title of Duke of Valencia. Espartero was opposed by the party of the queen-mother, Chris
tina, who was then in retirement in France, and on her return to Spain in 1845, Narvaez became
her prime adviser and kept down the Liberals until his ministry was overthrown in 1846. In
May 1847, he was sent as Ambassador to Paris, where he engaged in the plots against the Queen
formed by her mother, but in October of that year he was chosen President of the Council and
1869.] OBITUARIES. 793
head of the Ministry, and retained the position, with the exception of a short interval, until
1861. He was then sent as Ambassador to Vienna, but in 1856 he was again called to the head
of the Ministry. As he had before weakened his authority by ceaseless quarrels with Queen
Isabella, he now impaired his popularity by strengthening the influence of the crown in the
Senate, admitting to it the dignitaries of church and state, and making the dignity of Senator
hereditary, so that it became necessary that he should tender his resignation November 1, 1857.
Narvaez again became President of the Council and head of the new ministry in September
1864, a.id signalized his return to power by preventing the invasion of St. Domingo in January
1865, bit in June of the same year he made way for the government of Marshall O'Donnell. In
1866 he returned to power for the fourth time, and remained at the head of the ministry until
his death.
Nicolson, Samuel, inventor of the "Nicolson pavement," born at Plymouth, Mass., and
died at Boston, January 6, aged 76 years. He was also inventor of an improved apparatus for
steering vessels.
Noyes, Joseph C., a member of Congress from Maine from 1837 to 1839, born at Portland
in 1798, and died at that place July 28, aged 70 years. He was a merchant by occupation, a mem
ber of the State Legislature hi 1833, and Collector of the Paasamaquoddy District from 1841
to 1843.
Pendleton, John S., a member of Congress from Virginia, born in Virginia, and died at
Culpepper Court House in that State, November 19, aged 63 years. He was appointed Charge
d' Affaires to the Republic of Chili in 1841, served as a Representative in Congress from 1845 to
1849. and became Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation in 1851.
Pickering1, Octavius, an eminent American law reporter, bom at Wyoming, Penn., Sep
tember 2, 1791, and died at Boston, October 29, aged 78 years. Mr. Pickering graduated at
Harvard College in 1810, and studied law at Boston, being admitted to the Suffolk County Bar
in 1816. He assisted in reporting the proceedings of the Massachusetts Constitutional Conven
tion of 1G20, and in 1822 became State Reporter. His reports of the decisions of the Supreme
Court of Massachusetts run through a period of 18 years, and fill 24 volumes. In 1842 he gave
up the office of reporter, and lived abroad in England and on the Continent until 1849. Mr.
Pickering was interested in science and natural history, and was an active member of the Bos
ton Society of Natural History, and other associations.
Poe, Adam, D. D., an American clergyman, born in Columbiana county, Ohio, July 21,
1804, and died June 26, aged 64 years. He received only a limited education, his youth being
spent at work upon his father's farm. Having attached himself to the Methodist Episcopal
Church, he entered the itinerancy in 1826, and in 1827 was admitted into the Ohio Annual Con
ference. During the ensuing seven years he was a "circuit preacher" in various parts of the
State. In 1835 he became Presiding Elder of the Wooster District, and continued on that and
the Tiffin Districts for five years. From 1839 to 1852 he was stationed at Mansfield and Dela
ware for a number of years, and was Presiding Elder of different districts ; but in the latter
year he was elected assistant agent of the Western Book Concern, and re-elected in 1856, and in
1860 he was made principal agent and re-elected to this office in 1864. Dr. Poe was one of the
best known clergymen in the denomination to which he belonged, and throughout the many
years of his ministry was a sincere and arduous worker in the work he had chosen. He took a
deep interest in education, and may almost be said to have been the founder of the Ohio
Wesleyan Conference.
Raphall, Rev. Morris Jacob, a Jewish Rabbi, born in Stockholm in 1798, and died in
New York June 23, aged 70 years. He was educated at the Jewish College at Copenhagen,
where he became entitled to the designation of Rabbi. He acquired the English language in
England in 1812. From 1821 to 1824, he was at the University of Giessen, and took up his resi
dence in England in 1825. In 1834 he commenced The Hebrew fieview, the first Jewish periodi
cal ever published in England. He translated the works of Maimonides. the "Book of Princi
ples," and in conjunction with the Rev. Dr. Sola, eighteen treatises of the "Mishua." He
afterward published a number of treatises in defence of Judaism. In 1641 Dr. Raphall was ap
pointed Rabbi of the Birmingham Synagogue, and the year before he had been secretary to the
chief Rabbi in England during the persecution of the Jews in Syria. He was always active in
advancing the interests of his people, and among other things was prominent in promoting the
Hebrew National School at Birmingham. In 1847 he wrote an address to the electors of Lon
don, which had great influence in securing the election of Baron de Rothschild to Parliament.
He emigrated to this country in 1849. and was at first Rabbi preacher to the congregation of the
Greene street Synagogue in New York, and afterward of the congregation "Bnai Jeshurun," in
Thirty-fourth street. He published in this country "Devotional Exercises for the Daughters of
794 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
Israel," and portions of his Biblical translations. Dr. Raphall was held in high repute for hie
learning, and was much respected both by his own people and the Christian public.
Rives, "William C., an American statesman, born in Nelson county, Va., May 4, 17'J3, and
died at Charlottesville, April 26, aged 75 years. He was educated at Hampdeu Sidney and Wil
liam and Mary's College, and then studied law with Thomas Jefferson. He was first elected to
the Virginia Legislature in 1817 and a Representative in Congress in 1823. He served in Con
gress three successive terms, and was then appointed Minister to France by President Jackson.
On his return to this country in 1832 he was elected to the United States Senate, but resigned
in 1834 and was reflected in 1835, and he was again elected to the Senate in 1840. In 1849 he
was appointed Minister to France the second time, and retired from political life upon his re
turn in 1853. He was a delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861, and he was afterward a mem
ber of the Confederate Congress. Mr. Rive's enhanced his reputation by publishing a " History
of the Life and Times of James Madison."
Robertson, Anthony L., an American Jurist, born in New York city in June 1808, and
died December 18, aged 60 years. He graduated at Columbia College in 1825, and after several
years study, entered upon the practice of the law. In 1846 he became assistant Vice Chancellor
of the Fifth Judicial District, and he was afterward Surrogate of the County of New York by
appointment to fill a vacancy. In 1859 he was elected to the Bench of the Superior Court, and
was Chief Justice of that court from 1805 until his death.
Rossini, Gioacchino, a musical composer of great eminence, born in Tesaro, near Bologna,
February 29, 1792, and died in Paris November 13, aged 76 years. His musical talent was devel
oped at a very early age, and while he was still a boy he was taught singing by a Bolognese
master. He developed a remarkably fine soprano voice, but this failed him at the age of 16 and
he was compelled to abandon his occupation as a chorister in the Bologna churches. After this
he was admitted to the Lyceum at Bologna and studied counterpoint under Mattei, but he had
made little progress in his art when he undertook to educate himself. He studied intently the
best models, Italian and German, and produced some light operatic pieces of which the only
one that has lived is the "L'ingauno Felice," brought out in 1812. "Tancredi" was produced
at Venice in 1813. Rossini had acquired some reputation by his previous works, but this one
all at once made him famous. Encouraged by its success he produced other operas in quick
succession, but none of them equalled his first chef-d'oeuvre in the enthusiasm it created, and
all of them, including " Tancredi," have been eclipsed by his later works. From 1814 to 1822 he
was musical director of the San Carlos theater at Naples, and during this period composed some
of his most successful operas. In 1816 his "11 Barbiere di Seviglia" was produced at Rome
during the Carnival, and the greater part of it, it is said, was written within eight days. About
the same time he produced his "Otello," which is still popular, and in 1817 "Cindarella" (Cene-
rentola), was brought out, followed by the oratorio of " Moses in Egypt." in 1818. The last of
these is sometimes admirably represented in New York and Boston in its original form, but it
has undergone two transformations to fit it for a too fastidious English audience, one of these
having the fantastic title of "Peter the Hermit" (Pietro rEeremieta). La Cenerentola is well
remembered in this country on account of the triumphs of Alboni in New York in 1855. After
producing these and a number of other operas, Rossini took leave of the Italian stage in 1823
by the production of his greatest work, the magnificent Semiramide. The most brilliant opera
evening in America was in the representation of this piece at the opening of the Academy of
Music in New York, when Grisi sung and acted with more than the oriental splendor of the
Assyrian Queen. The " Semiramide'''1 was first produced in Venice, when lyric representations
in the days before the Austrian conquest were the serious business of life with the Venetians, and
was the magnificent peace offering which Rossini made them for previous grounds of complaint
they had against him. In the same year that witnessed the production of " Semiramide" Ros
sini married Signora Colbran, a well-known prima-donna, but then past her charms, and in 1824
they went to London under an engagement, he to compose an opera and she to sing. The opera
was not written and the prima-donna failed to please, but Rossini was everywhere feted, and
realized $50,000 in a short time from concerts projected for him by the leaders of fashion in the
metropolis. Proceeding to Paris he became director of the Italian opera there, in which posi
tion he remained until 1830, producing among other operas " Guillaume Tell," one of his greatest
and most original works. He then withdrew from all professional exertion and retired to Passy,
the only important work which he afterward produced being his well known " Stabat Mater."
A posthumous opera is to be produced in Paris with Alboni in the cast. The list of Rossini's
works is very large, comprising thirty-eight operas, two or three masses, nine cantatas and
much miscellaneous music. Having separated from his first wife, who died in 1845, he married
Madame Olympe Pelissier in that year, and afterward resided chiefly in Paris, his house being
1809.] OBITUARIES. 795
the center of social, literary and artistic circles. He was promoted a Grand officer of the
Legion of Honor and decorated with other distinctions, and a statue was raised to him at Pesaro,
in August 1864, with great ceremony.
Rothschild, James, Baron, the fifth and last surviving son of Meyer Anselm Rothschild,
the founder of the great banking house of the Rothschilds, died in Paris, November 16, aged 76
years. He was born at Frankfort, May 15, 1792, and established himself in Paris in 1812, where
he was the head of the French branch of the firm. Soon after his establishment in Paris he re
ceived the title of Consul-General of the Austrian Empire in France, for eminent services ren
dered to Austria, and in many other ways he contributed to the reputation of the house of
which he was a member. Upon the restoration of the Bourbons many of the ancient nobility
had recourse to him for financial relief. He mainly contributed to the construction of the St.
Germain and Northern railroads, and many public works owe their erection to his munificence,
especially synagogues and Hebrew establishments, such as the hospital of the Rue Picpm, He
contributed 12,000 francs to the relief of the wounded in the Revolution of July 1830, and his
influence under the reign of King Louis Phillipe was very great. But in the course of a few
years the authority of his name visibly declined, and in 1847 when provisions were scarce the
popular feeling against him became very bitter in consequence of the shafts hurled at him by
numerous pamphleteers. The next year one of the first acts of revolutionary violence which
led to the establishment of the Republic, was the pillage of his country seat at Sarennes. He
was compelled to suspend his business but remained in Paris under the protection of M. Caus-
sidiere, and it was not until after the popular feeling against him had been appeased by a con
tribution of 50,000 francs to the relief of the wounded, that he could again engage in banking
affairs. Under the Republic and the Second Empire the part taken by Baron Rothschild in the
great affairs of state was not so important as in the preceding reigns, and he never regained the
influence he had lost.
Salisbury, James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquis of, only son of
the first Marquis, born April 17, 1791, and died at his seat in Hertfordshire, April 12, aged 77
years. He represented Weymouth in Parliament in the conservative interest from 1814 until
he succeeded his father as second Marquis, June 23, 1823. He was a member of Lord Derby's
first two administrations, being Lord Privy Seal from February to December, 1852, and Presi
dent of the Council from 1858 to 1859. The Marquis of Salisbury was, at his death, Lord Lieu
tenant of Middlesex, High Steward of Hertford, Colonel of the Herts militia, and patron of
eight livings.
Seymour, Thomas H., ex-Governor of Connecticut, born at Hartford, Conn., in 1808,
where he died, September 3, aged 60 years. He was educated at the Middletown Military In
stitute, studied law and then pursued the practice of his profession. Mr. Seymour was a
Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1843 to 1845. In the Mexican war he served
as Major of a New England regiment, and after the battle of Chapultepec he was promoted to
be Colonel. In 1850, he was elected Governor of Connecticut, and he was reelected three times
in succession. He was appointed by President Pierce minister to Russia, and served in that
capacity, besides holding offices of honor and trust. In 1863, he was again the democratic can
didate for Governor of Connecticut, but he was defeated by a considerable majority.
Slemmer, Adam J., an American general, born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, and
died at Fort Laramie, of which he was commander, October 7. He graduated at West Point in
1850, and then served against the Seminole Indians in Florida, and afterward in California and
at Fort Moultrie in Charleston harbor. Lieut. Slemmer was afterward transferred to West
Point, and served as a teacher in that institution for four years. At the outbreak of the Rebel
lion, he was in command of a small garrison at Fort McRae, near Mobile, and distinguished
himself by throwing his small force of 80 men, some of them marines from the steamer Wyan-
dotte then in Pensacola bay, into Fort Pickens on the opposite shore and about a mile distant
from Fort McRae. He secured himself against attack from the latter place by spiking the guns
and ramming the tompions so firmly into the muzzles that they had to be bored out. Lieut.
Slemmer held Fort Pickens without reinforcements while all the other military works of the
United States were being seized and garrisoned by hostile forces in the last days of Mr. Buchan
an's administration, and it was not until the 20th of April that he yielded precedence to Col.
Brown, who had been sent to occupy the Fort with an ample garrison. Lieut. Slemmer wag
promoted to be Brigadier General of Volunteers in reward for his services, and continued to
serve with ability and zeal until his death.
Smith, Benjamin Franklin, Brevet Brigadier General U. S. A., born at Trenton, N. J.
in 1831, and died at Fort Reno, Wyoming territory, in August, aged 37 years. Gen. Smith was
790 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
graduated from the Military Academy at West Point, and served through the civil war with
credit.
Smith, Seba, an American journalist and author of " Major Jack Downing's Letters," was
born in Buckfield, Maine, September 14, 1792, and died at Patchogue, L. L, July 29, aged 76
years. He was educated at Brunswick College, where he graduated in 1818, afterward adopting
the profession of journalist. He first formed a connection with the press in Portland, where
he remained until his removal to New York, in 1842. During the political excitement of the
time, when Gen. Jackson was the leading spirit in national affairs, he wrote a series of letters
to a Portland newspaper over the signature of "Major Jack Downing," which attracted great
attention and attained a wide celebrity. These letters were collected in a volume in 1833, and
afterward were often reprinted, though they have long lost the place they once held in the pub
lic mind. In 1841, he published a metrical romance entitled "Powhatan," and a collection of
his tales and essays was published in 1855. A work entitled " New Elements of Geometry,"
which he published in 1850, is generally considered his most remarkable production. This
work contained a somewhat vehement assault on the common definitions of geometry, main
taining the ingenious paradox that the three dimensions of space — length, breadth and thick
ness — were predicated upon lines, surfaces and solids. It made but little impression upon the
scientific world, though it secured him the friendship of the French philosopher, August Comtev
Mr. Smith was the husband of Elizabeth Oakes Smith, well known from her numerous poems,
novels and tales.
Sommers, Charles G., D. D., died in New York City, December 19, at the age of 76. Dr.
Sommers was born in London in 1791, and emigrated to America early in the present century.
In 1811, he was employed as confidential clerk by John Jacob Astor, but soon afterward turned
his attention to the ministry. His ministerial labors extended over nearly a half-century, the
greater part of which time he was actively engaged in mission and reformatory work under
the auspices of the American Tract Society, which he served without compensation for 23
years, the Bible Society, and the American and Foreign Bible Society. He also founded the
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and, in connection with the Rev. Mr. Griffiths, es
tablished the first Sunday school in America upon the plan of Robert Raikes, in Division
street.
Steele, Frederic, an American general, born in Delhi, Delaware county, N. Y., and died
at San Mateo, January 20, of apoplexy. He was graduated at West Point in 1843, and ap
pointed brevet 2d Lieutenant in the 2d Infantry. He served throughout the Mexican war, and
was promoted to be first lieutenant and captain for gallantry at the battles of Contreras and
Chapultepec. After the close of the Mexican war he was ordered to California, where he be
came Adjutant General to Gen. Riley. He afterward served on the western frontier, and at
the outbreak of the civil war, in 1861, was appointed Major in the llth Infantry, serving in
Missouri. For meritorious conduct at the battle of Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861, he was
made Brigadier General of volunteers, January 29, 1862. Gen. Steele was for a long time in
command at Helena, Arkansas, and captured Little Rock, the capital of the state, September
10, 1863. In 1864, he cooperated with the Red River expedition of Gen. Banks, but the check
received by Banks necessitated the return of Gen. Steele1 s army to Little Rock. After the
war he was in command of the Department of Oregon.
Stevens, Edwin A., well known during the war as the owner and originator of what was
called the Stevens' Battery, at New York, died at Paris, August 7, aged 72 years. His father,
John Stevens, was a cotemporary of Robert Fulton, and like him a pioneer in steamboat navi
gation. At the death of the elder Stevens, in 1838, he left to his son Edwin the tract of land
on which the city of Hoboken, one of the most important of the suburbs of New York, now
stands. In tha development and improvement of this property Mr. Stevens amassed a colossal
fortune, which, at his death, was said to amount to $18,000,000. He was one of the projectors
of the Camden and Amboy Railroad, and was always intimately connected with its manage
ment. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, he had nearly completed a floating battery, and ap
plied to Congress for assistance, which was granted, but not in sufficient amount to finish the
work, and a subsequent proposition which he made to complete it was rejected by the Secre
tary of the Navy. Afterward, Mr. Stevens built and fitted out the Naugatuck, a one gun moni
tor, but his pet project was never tried or completed. His remains were brought from Paris to
Hoboken for interment.
Stevens, Thaddeus, an American statesman, born at Peacham, Caledonia county, Ver
mont, April 4, 1792, and died at Washington, D. C., at midnight, August 12, aged 75 years. He
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1814, and the same year removed to Pennsylvania, where he
became a teacher in an academy. He was admitted to the Gettysburg bar in 1816. He con-
18(59.] OBITUARIES. 797
tinued to reside at Gettysburg until 1842, when he removed to Lancaster. In 1833, he wag
elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly, and he was re-elected the two following years. He waa
a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1837, and he was again elected to the Legislature
the same year, and the last time in 1841. He was appointed a Canal Commissioner in 1838, but
held the office for only a short time. In the Legislature, he was most distinguished for the
part he took in promoting the educational interests of the people. Previous to 1834, Pennsyl
vania had no common school system, but in that year the present system was established under
the leadership of Mr. Stevens in the Legislature. He afterwards opposed the attempts to abol
ish it with the same earnestness that characterized his exertions for its establishment, and
succeeded in defeating in the House a bill for the repeal of the law which had been passed by
the Senate. At this time, the anti-masonic movement had just begun. Among those who
were most hostile to secret societies was Mr. Stevens, and he pursued his hostility so far as to
have many prominent persons, among them the late Vice President Dallas, examined before a
committee of the Legislature touching the secrets of the order. In 1835, Joseph Ritner, the
anti-masonic candidate, was elected Governor of Pennsylvania, and Mr. Stevens became the
principal adviser of the Executive. Near the close of Ritner's administration occurred the
noted "Buckshot War," in which Mr. Stevens bore a prominent part. This trouble originated
in alleged election frauds in Philadelphia county and other places, in the general election of 1838,
and resulted in the Senate Chamber at Harrisburg being taken possession of by a mob while
the Senate was in session, and the organization of two rival bodies, each styling itself the
House of Representatives. Owing to the confidential relations of Mr. Stevens toward Gov.
Ritner's administration, and the part he took as a member of the Assembly, much of the obloquy
that resulted was poured upon his head. He was expelled, however, but sent back to his con
stituents, he published an address to the people of Adams county and was re-elected. From
1842, when he removed to Lancaster, to 1848, when he was first elected to Congress, and during
the ten years intervening the first and second periods of his successive service, Mr. Stevens
practiced his profession with great success, not only in Lancaster but the neighboring counties,
and never entirely abandoned it, even amid the important duties of his active career in the
House. In Congress, he wrought out for himself a lasting reputation. Neither the Thirty-first
nor the Thirty-second Congress was concerned with measures to give a new member of the
House particular prominence before the country ; but in the interval that elapsed between the
Thirty-second and the Thirty-sixth, grave issues had been sprung upon the people, and on his
return to Congress in 1859, Mr. Stevens at once took a prominent position. He was chairman
of the important Committee of Ways and Means during three terms, and was chairman of the
Committee on Reconstruction of the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congress. He also served on
other committees, his last important position being chairman of the Board of Managers on the
part of the House in the impeachment of President Johnson before the Senate. He framed
the eleventh article of impeachment, and prepared an argument in favor of Mr. Johnson's
conviction, based upon it. His health had long been seriously impaired so that it was
often necessary to assist him from his carriage to his seat in the House, but he still kept about
his active duties, both in and out of Congress, and his last public act of any significance was
an attempt to read his impeachment argument before the Senate. He, however, proved too
weak for the task. He originated some of the most important measures which have engaged
the attention of Congress during the last few years. On the 8th of December, 1862, he intro
duced into theHouse a bill to indemnify the President and other persons for suspending the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, which was passed. Mr. Stevens was always a decided
opponent of slavery. To secure the perpetuity of the Proclamation ef Emancipation, he offered
in the House, on the 28th of March, 1864, a joint resolution abolishing slavery, but it was laid
aside in favor of a resolution of similar import previously offered in the Senate by Mr. Trum-
bull. On the 27th of January, 1863, and a year before the adoption of a similar measure, Mr.
Stevens offered a bill for the enlistment of negroes as soldiers, and he was always earnestly in
favor of universal suffrage. As early as 1838, he refused to append his name to the present
constitution of Pennsylvania, framed by a convention of which he was a member, because it
contained the word white as applied to citizens. In nearly every measure of public importance,
as confiscation, taxation, and the national finances, Mr. Stevens 'held what are generally con
sidered extreme views. He was opposed to showing leniency toward the men who were en
gaged in rebellion against their government, but proposed holding their states in the condition
of territories, and confiscating their lands to provide for the loyal population and assist in pay
ing the national debt. He would have taxed government bonds, and desired their payment in.
"greenbacks" instead of gold. The Reconstruction policy of Congress was mostly his work,
but the various measures for the restoration of the Southern states were tempered to meet the
yiews of men of more conservative tendencies.
798 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Stockton, Thomas Hewlings, an American clergyman of the Methodist Protestant
Church, born in 1808, and died at Philadelphia, October 9, aged 60 years. Dr. Stockton was in
the ministry of his church for nearly forty years, and was for several terms chaplain of the
House of Representatives. He enjoyed the reputation of being a speaker of great power and
eloquence, and was also well known as a writer. For a number of years he was editor of The
Christian World and The Bible Times, papers of his denomination, but resigned their charge
because he was not permitted to use these journals to combat slavery. He published several
volumes of sermons and poems, compiled the Methodist Protestant Hymn-book, and prepared
a new edition of the New Testament. He manifested a deep interest in all the social and reli
gious questions of the time, and contributed to whatever he believed to be genuine progress,
both by his power as a writer, and his eloquence as a preacher. During the latter years of his
life he had charge of the Church of the New Testament, in Philadelphia, but his failing health
often prevented him from officiating in his pulpit.
Stohlmann, Charles F. E., D. D., an American clergyman of the Lutheran Church, born
about 1810, and died in New York City, May 3, aged 58 years. Dr. Stohlmann became pastor
of St. Mathew's German Lutheran Church in New York, in 1838, and continued in that relation
until his death. He was eminent as a preacher, and very successful in building up his denomi
nation in New York.
Stoughton, Edward H., an American general, died in Boston, December 25. He -was
graduated at West Point, in 1859, and served in New Mexico for two years, but resigned in 1861.
In the summer of that year he was commissioned Colonel of the 4th Vermont Volunteers, with
which he joined the Army of the Potomac. He was afterward made a Brigadier-General of
Volunteers, and while in command of the 2d Vermont Brigade, he was captured by Mosby, the
guerrilla, in a night raid upon his camp. He was confined for some time in Libby Prison, but
resigned from the army immediately upon his release. He then began the practice of the law
in New York City, but impaired health compelled him to relinquish the profession, and he re
tired to Boston.
Theodorus, King of Abyssinia, killed in battle with the British troops under Gen. Napier,
before Magdala, April 13, was born of humble parentage, in Quard, on the borders of Western
Amhara, about 1821, and was educated in a convent, where he had been placed under restraint
by his mother. His original name was Dejajmatch Kasai. Escaping from the convent to his
uncle, Dejatch Comfu, a noted rebel, he imbibed a taste for manly sports and military pursuits.
Naturally ambitious and politic, he obtained authority among the chiefs of Abyssinia, and his
power continued to increase at the expense of the other "Ras" or chiefs, until he felt himself
strong enough to claim the throne. In 1853, he defeated his father-in-law, Ras Ali, in battle,
and took him prisoner, and in 1855, was crowned as King of Abyssinia, by Abnna Salama, the
head of the Church. His reign soon proved the most effective Abyssinia had ever had. When
he first came into power he felt the necessity of maintaining friendly relations with Great Brit
ain, on account of the Indian possessions of the English, and their foothold in Aden. A treaty
had been made between Great Britain and Abyssinia, in 1849, and ratified in 1852, by which it
was agreed that each country should be represented at the court of the other by an embassador.
In 18(53, The6dorus wrote an autograph letter to Queen Victoria, asking permission to send an
embassy to London, but the letter remained unanswered, and the embassy was not sent. Nei
ther did the English have a regularly accredited agent in Abyssinia, but Mr. Plowden, who had
long been consul at Massawah, went to that country about the time of Theodore's accession with
presents to the persons in authority, and succeeded in gaining the favor of tbe king. Mr.
Plowden, unfortunately, was killed, and his successor, Mr. Cameron, reached Abyssinia in 1802.
About this time, Mr. Stern, an English missionary, wrote a book, in which he reflected upon
the character of the king, and accused him of great cruelty, in flogging two interpreters to
death. Enraged at these animadversions, and perhaps piqued at the neglect betrayed by the
unanswered letter, King Theodore, about the beginning of 1864, sent a force to the missionary
station, seized the missionaries, and put them in chains. He also seized Mr. Cameron, and
kept him constantly chained to an Abyssinian soldier. These outrages produced great excite
ment in England. The British Government at first tried to eflect the release of the prisoners
by diplomacy, and Mr. Rassam, an Asiatic, was sent to the King early in 1866, for that purpose.
Theodorus agreed to the release of his captives ; but when Mr. Rassam sought to depart, he
was also detained. The King then wrote another letter to the Queen, in which he attributed
Mr. Rassam's detention to a desire to consult with him on the relations of the two countries,
and the bearer of this letter carried one from Mr. Rassam also, requesting that some English
artisans should be sent to Abyssinia. The English Government engaged these, and having sent
them to the coast of Abyssinia, notified the King that they would enter his service if the cap-
1809.] OBITUARIES. 799
tives were released. This not being done, the artizans returned to England. After exhausting
all diplomatic resources, the English Government, in 1867, declared war against Theodore. The
first troops made their appearance in the country in October, 1867, but it was not until the be
ginning of the next year that the whole army arrived. The troops were under the command
of Sir Robert, now Lord Napier, then commanding at Bombay, and were either natives of India,
or English soldiers long accustomed to the climate of the East. The distance from the landing
place to Magdala, the capital of Theodore, is about 300 miles. The English had to overcome
great difficulties upon the march, and were continually watched and harrassed by the forces of
the King ; but it was not until they had reached Magdala, that Theodore risked a battle. Here
he made a stand, however, and fought bravely for his crown, but he was defeated and slain, and
his capital captured by the English.
Thompson, Waddy, a member of Congress from South Carolina, born in Pickensville, in
that State, September 8, 179S, and died at Tallahassee, Florida, November %3, aged 70 years.
He graduated at the South Carolina College, in 1814, and was admitted to the bar in 1819. Mr.
Thompson served in the South Carolina Legislature, and was at one time Solicitor for the
Western Circuit of that State. He was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1841, and in
1842, was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico. He also served as a Presidential
elector, and attained to the rank of Brigadier-General of the South Carolina militia.
Tod, David, ex-Governor of Ohio, born at Youngstown, Mahoning County, February 21,
1805, and died November 13, aged 64 years. Mr. Tod studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1827. In 1844, he was the democratic candidate for Governor, but was beaten by a small ma
jority. He was appointed Minister to Brazil, by President Polk, in 1847, and represented the
United States at that court until 1852. He continued to act with the Democratic party until
1860, when he was a member of the Charleston Convention, and one of the strongest supporters
of Mr. Douglas. After the withdrawal of the Southern wing of the party at Baltimore, headed
by the President of the Convention, Caleb Gushing of Massachusetts, Mr. Tod became presiding
officer by virtue of being the First Vice President of that body. He was a strong advocate of
"Peace measures," both before and after the "Peace Congress" held at Washington previous
to the civil wai% but after the beginning of hostilities was an active war man. In 1861, he was
the candidate of the Republicans and war Democrats for Governor of Ohio, and was elected by
over 55,000 majority.
Tracy, Andrew, a member of Congress from Vermont, died at Woodstock, October 28,
aged 70 years. He was educated for the law, and became eminent in his profession. Mr. Tracy
was a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855, and he was for ten years a member of both
branches of the Vermont Legislature. He was Speaker of the Assembly from 1842 to 1845.
Vassar, Matthew, founder of Vassar college, bom in Norfolk, England, in 1792, and died
at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., June 23, aged 76 years. His father emigrated to the United States in
1796 and settled near Poughkeepsie, where he engaged in the occupation of a brewer, which
was also the business of the son. By steady industry, Mr. Vassar acquired a large fortune.
In 1861, he gave $408,000 for founding the Vassar Female college, accompanying the gift with a
statement of his wishes. It was his purpose to offer young women the highest educational
facilities at a moderate charge, but to admit as beneficiaries those who could not defray the ex
pense. The college has been in successful operation for a number of years. It was Mr. Vassar' s
custom to read an address to the Trustees of the College at their annual meeting, and while en
gaged in this duty, he sunk back in his chair and suddenly expired.
Vaughan, Robert, D.D., an English dissenting minister, born in 1795, and died in London,
June 20, aged 73 years. Dr. Vaughan was self-educated, and entered the Congregational minis
try early in life. His first pastorate was at Worcester, where he labored for six years, and then
became minister of the chapel at Kensington, and Professor of History in the University of Lon
don. He published his " Life of Wickliffe " in 1828, and " Memorials of the Stuart Dynasty" in
1834, and in the next few years he produced a number of other volumes, mostly of a religious
character, which recommended him to the committee of the Lancashire Independent college at
Manchester, seeking a president for that institution. He was chosen to the position in 1843,
and filled it for fourteen years, when he retired to devote himself more exclusively to literary
pursuits. He also held a pastorate at Uxbridge for a short time. Dr. Vaughan was the founder
and editor of the British Quarterly Review. Among the books of his later years were his
"Memorial of English Non-conformity," and "Revolutions in English History," a treatise on
Ritualism, a volume of Family Prayers, and other works. At the time of his death, Dr. Vaughan
held a pastorate at Torquay, where he had removed in the autumn of 1867. He had the reputa
tion of being a man of great learning, and his sermons, won him the respect of circles where
Congregationalism had been unknown or despised.
800 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18C9.
Walewski, (Comte de), Florian Alexander Joseph Colona, a French statesman,
born May 4, 1810, and died September 27, aged 58 years. He was reputed the natural son of the
Emperor Napoleon I. by a noble Polish lady of great beauty. Count Walewski was educated at
Geneva, and in early life devoted his exertions to the cause of Poland, but afterward escaped to
France against the consent of the Grand Duke Constantine. After the revolution of July, 1830,
he entered the French army and rose to a captaincy. He was one of the founders and editors
of the Messager newspaper, wrote a number of political pamphlets, and produced several plays,
but without much success. In 1840, he was sent on a mission to Egypt by M. liners, and
was Minister to Buenos Ayres under the ministry of M. Guizot. He was in the latter country
at the breaking out of the Revolution of 1848, and on his return to Paris was sent by President
Louis Napoleon as Minister Plenipotentiary to Florence and afterward to Naples, and in 1854,
he was appointed Ambassador to England. Count Walewski was recalled in May, 1855, to be
come Minister fof Foreign Affairs, and presided over the Conference at Paris in the spring of
1856, which met to conclude a treaty of peace with Russia. He was succeeded in 1859 by M.
Thouvenel, and became Minister of State, in place of M. Fould. He resigned in 1803 in conse
quence of his warm sympathies with the insurrection of Poland. From September, 1805, to
March, 1807, he was President of the Corps Legislatif, was made a Senator in April, 1855, and a
Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1852. Count Walewski was twice married.
Wells, Samuel, Governor of Maine from 1856 to 1857, and a Judge of the Supreme Court
of that State, died at Boston, July 15.
Whittlesey, Thomas T., a member of Congress from Connecticut from 1836 to 1839, born
in that State, and died at Madison, Wisconsin, September 1, aged 70 years. Mr. Whittlesey
graduated at Yale college in 1817. He was a member of the State Senate of Wisconsin in 1852,
having removed to Madison in that State some time previously.
"Wick, William W., a member of Congress from Indiana, born at Canonsburg, Pennsyl
vania, February 23, 1796, and died at Indianapolis, May 19, aged 72 years. He received a classi
cal education, and adopted the law as a profession. After pursuing his studies with the Hon.
Thomas Corwin, he located for practice in Fayette county, Indiana, in 1820. In 1822 he was
chosen President Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, became Secretary of State i» 1825, and in
1829 Attorney for the State in the same Circuit where he had been President Judge. Mr. Wick
was again elected President Judge in 1831 and in 1850, serving each time the term of three years.
He was a Representative in Congress in 1839^11 and 1845-49. In 1855 he became Postmaster of
Indianapolis, but resumed the practice of his profession in 1857.
Wilmot, David, an American statesman, born at Bethany, Wayne county, Pa., Jan. 20, 1814,
and died at Towauda, March 16, aged 54 years. Mr. Wilmot was admitted to the bar at Wilkes-
barre in 1834. He was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1851. He
was author of the proposition in the bill empowering President Polk to negotiate peace with
Mexico, which declared that slavery should be forever forbidden in the territory acquired by the
United States. This amendment was not adopted, but became recognized as the line of demar
cation dividing parties on the slavery question. In 1848, Mr. Wilmot supported Martin Van
Buren for the Presidency on the Free Soil ticket. He was elected President Judge of the Thir
teenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, in 1851. He resigned in 1854, but was re-elected,
holding the office from 1855 to 1861. He was twice a candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania,
and in 1801 he was elected to the Senate of the United States. In 1803, he was appointed
Judge of the Court of Claims by President Lincoln, and held the position until his death.
Wilson, James, a member of Congress from 1823 to 1829, was born in Adams County,
Pennsylvania, April 28, 1779, and died at Gettysburg, Pa., in July. From 1811 to 1822 he was a
Justice of the Peace. In Congress he served chiefly on the Committee of Claims. After return
ing to private life, he was again elected a Justice of the Peace, the duties of which office he
continued to fill until 1859.
Woodruff, John, a member of Congress from the Second Connecticut District from ia55
to 1857 and 1859 to 1801, born at Hartford, March 20, 1809, and died at New Haven, May 20, aged
59 years. Mr. Woodruff was a member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1854, and Collector
of Internal Revenue from 1802 to 1868.
Wortendyke, Jacob B., a member of Congress from New Jersey, born at Chestnut Ridge
in Bergen county, November 27, 1818, and died at Jersey City, November 7, aged 50 years. He
was educated at Rutger's college, where he graduated in 1839. For several years afterward he
was engaged in teaching, but studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. He pursued the
practice of his profession in Jersey City, where he was elected an alderman. He represented
his district in Congress from 1857 to 1859.
APPENDIX.
THE following amendment to the Constitution has been proposed by Con-,
gress, having passed 'the House of Representatives on the 25th of February,
by a vote of 143 to 43, and the Senate on the 26th, by a vote of 39 to 13 :
ARTICLE XV. I. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of race, color, or previous condition
of servitude.
II. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
It was ratified by the Kansas Legislature, February 27 ; by the Louisiana,
Missouri, and Nevada Legislatures, March 1 ; by the Illinois, Michigan, and
Wisconsin Legislatures, March 5 ; by the Maine Legislature, March 11 ; and
by the Legislature of Arkansas, March 15.
General Ulysses S. Grant was inaugurated President of the United States,
and Schuyler Colfax, Vice President, on the 4th of March, 1869. On the
5th, the following persons were nominated to the Cabinet by President
Grant, and were confirmed by the Senate :
Secretary of State ELIHU B. WASHBURNE Illinois.
Secretary of the Treamry ALEXANDER T. STEWART New York.
Secretary of the Navy ADOLPH E. BORIE Pennsylvania.
Secretary of the Interior JACOB D. Cox Ohio.
Postmaster General JOHN A. J. CRESWELL Maryland.
Attorney General EBEN ROCKWOOD HOAR Massachusetts.
Mr. Stewart, Mr. Washburne, and Gen. Schofield, Secretary of War, hav
ing resigned, the President, on the llth of March, nominated Hamilton Fish,
Secretary of State ; George S. Boutwell, Secretary of the Treasury, and Gen.
John A. Rawlins, Secretary of War. The nominations were immediately
confirmed by the Senate, and the Executive Department was fully organized,
as follows :
EXECUTIVE.
President, - - ULYSSES S. GRANT, - - Illinois.
Vice President, - - SCHUYLER COLFAX, - Indiana.
THE CABINET.
Secretary of State HAMILTON FISH New York.
Seo-etary of the Treasury GEORGE S. BOUTWELL Massachusetts.
Secretary of War JOHN A. RAWLINS Illinois.
Secretary of the Navy ADOLPH E. BORIE Pennsylvania.
Secretary of the Interior JACOB D. Cox Ohio.
Postmaster General JOHN A. J. CRESWELL Maryland.
Attorney General EBEN ROCKWOOD HOAR Massachusetts.
51 801
802 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
MILITARY DEPARTMENTS AND DISTRICTS.
The following military nominations were made by the President, and con
firmed by the Senate on the 5th of March :
Lieutenant General W. T. Sherman to be General of the army; Major General P. II. Sheridan
to be Lieutenant General, vice Sherman, promoted ; Brigadier General J. M. Schofield to be
Major General, vice Sheridan, promoted ; Colonel Christopher C. Auger to be Brigadier General,
vice Schofield, promoted.
The following changes in the command of the Military Departments and
Districts were made in accordance with an order issued from the Army Head
quarters on March 5 :
Brigadier and Brevet Major General A. H. Terry wa% assigned to the Department of the South.
Major General George G. Meade was assigned to the command of the military Division of
the Atlantic, headquarters at Philadelphia.
Lieut. General P. H. Sheridan was assigned to the command of the Department of Louisiana.
Major General W. S. Hancock was assigned to the command of the Department of Dakota.
Brigadier and Brevet Major General E. R. S. Canby was assigned to the command of the First
Military District.
Brevet Major General J. J. Reynolds, Colonel of the 26th Infantry, was assigned to the com
mand of the Fifth Military District,
By another order, issued on the 16th of March, the following additional
changes were made :
Lieut. General P. H. Sheridan was assigned to the command of the Military Division of
Missouri.
Major General II. W. Halleck was assigned to the command of the Military Division of the
South, to be composed of the Departments of the South, Louisiana, the Fourth Military Dis
trict, and the States composing the present Department of the Cumberland ; head-quarters at
Louisville.
Major General George H. Thomas was assigned to the command of the Military Division of
the Pacific.
Major General J. M. Schofield was assigned to the command of the Departmentof the Mis
souri ; Illinois, and Fort Smith, Arkansas, were transferred to this Department.
Brigadier and Brevet Major General O. O. Howard was assigned to the command of the De
partment of Louisiana.
The Department of Washington was discontinued, and merged in the Department of the
East. The First Military District was added to the Military Division of the Atlantic. (See
page 124).
FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS. — STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE.
Foreign Relations. Messrs. Sumner (chairman), Fessenden, Cameron, Harlan, Morton, Pat
terson, and Casserly.
Commerce. Messrs. Chandler (chairman), Corbett, Kellogg, Spencer, Conkling, Buckingham,
and Vickers.
Finances. Messrs. Sherman (chairman), Williams, Cattell, Morrill, Warner, Fenton, and
Bayard.
Manufactures. Messrs. Morton (chairman), Yates, Robertson, Boreman, and McDonald.
Agriculture. Messrs. Cameron (chairman), Robertson, Tipton, Gilbert, and McCreery.
Appropriations. Messrs. Fesseudeu (chairman), Grimes, Wilson, Cole, Sprague, Sawyer, and
Stockton.
Military Affairs. Messrs. Wilson (chairman), Howard, Cameron, Morton, Thayei; , Abbott,
and Schurz.
Naval Affairs. Messrs. Grimes (chairman), Anthony, Cragin, Nye? Drake, Scott, and Stockton.
Judiciary. Messrs. Trumbull (chairman), Stewart, Edmunds, Conkling, Rice, Carpenter, and
Thurman.
Post Offices and Post Roads. Messrs. Ramsey (chairman), Pomeroy, McDonald, Harlan, Cole,
Gilbert, and Thurman.
Public Lands. Messrs. Pomeroy (chairman), Williams Tipton, Osborn, Warner, Sprague,
aad'Caeeedy,
1869.] APPENDIX. 803
Private Land Claims. Messrs. Williams (chairman), Ferry, Sawyer, Kellogg, and Bayard.
Indian Affairs. Messrs, llarlan (chairman), Ross, Corbett, Thayor, Buckingham, Pool, and
Davis.
Pensions. Messrs. Edmunds (chairman), Tipton, Spencer, Pratt, Browiilow, Schurz, and
McCreery.
Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Yates (chairman), Pool, Fowler, Brownlow, and Saulsbury.
Claims. Messrs. Howe (chairman), Willey, Scott, Sprague, Robertson, Pratt, and Davis.
District of Columbia. Messrs. Hamlm (chairman), Patterson, Sunnier, Rice, Harris, Pratt,
and Vickers.
Patents. Messrs. Willey (chairman), Ferry, Carpenter, Osborn, and Norton.
Public Buildings and Grounds. Messrs. Morrill (chairman), Trumbull, Ferry, Cole, and
Stockton.
Territories. Messrs. Nye (chairman), Cragin, McDonald, Schurz, Howard, Boreman, and
McCreery.
Pacific Railroad. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Sherman, Ramsey, Stewart, Wilson, Harlan,
Drake, Rice, Abbott, Feuton, and Scott.
Mines and Mining. Messrs. Stewart (chairman), Chandler, Anthony, Yates, Ross, Saulsbury
and Fowler.
Revision of the Laws of the United States. Messrs. Conkling (chairman), Sumner, Carpenter,
Pool, and Bayard.
To Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. Messrs. Cragin (chairman), Ed
munds, and Davis.
Printing. Messrs. Anthony (chairman), Harris, and Casscrly.
Library. Messrs. Cattell (chairman), Howe, and Fessenden.
Enrolled Bills. Messrs. Thayer (chairman), Patterson, and Abbott.
Engrossed Bills. Messrs. Ross (chairman), Buckingham, and Norton.
Education. Messrs. Drake (chairman), Morrill, Pomeroy, Sawyer, and Corbett.
COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE.
Ways and Means. Messrs. Schenck (chairman), Hooper, Allison, Maynard, Kelley, Brooks,
Blair, McCarthy, and Marshall.
Appropriations. Messrs. Dawes (chairman), Beaman, Kelsey, Washburn, (Wis.), Lawrence,
(Ohio). Sargent, Dickey, Niblack, and Beck.
Banking and Currency. Messrs. Garfleld (chairman), Lynch, Judd, Coburn, Smith, (Vt.),
Packer, (Penn.), Lash, Cox, and Jones, (Ky.)
Judiciary. Messrs. Bingham (chairman), Davis, (N. Y.), Butler, (Mass.), Cook, Peters, Mer-
cur, Loughridge, Eldridge, and Kerr.
Claims. Messrs. Washburne (Mass.), (chairman), Hotchkiss, Holman, Cobb, Stokes, Ela,
Dockery, Stiles, and Moore.
Reconstruction. Messrs. Butler (Mass.), (chairman), Farnsworth, Beaman, Paine, Ward, (N.
Y.), Julian, Poland, Whittemore, Beck, Woodward, and Morgan.
Foreign Affairs. Messrs. Banks (chairman), Orth, Judd, Wilkinson. Sheldon, Willard, Am
bler, Wood, and Swann.
Reorganization of the Civil Service. Messrs. Hotchkiss (chairman), Jenckes, Armstrong, May
nard, and Kerr.
On Ninth Census. Messrs. Stokes (chairman), Garfield, Banks, Allison, Laflin, Cullom, Wil
kinson, Haldeman, and Schmnaker.
Pacific Railroad. Messrs. Wheeler (chairman), Logan, Morrill, (Penn.), Van Horn, (Mo.),
Hopkins, Bufflnton, Lynch, Palmer, Roots, Van Trump, Voorhees, Axtell, and Wilson, (Min.)
Commerce. Messrs. Dixon (chairman), O'Neill, Ingersoll, Sawyer, Finkelnburg, Bennett, Con
ger, Holman, and Potter.
Public Land?. Messrs. Julian (chairman), Ketchum, Townsend, Fitch, Hawley, Winans,
Smyth. (Iowa), Wilson, (Min.), and McCormick.
Post Offices and Post Reads. Messrs. Farnsworth (chairman), Ferry, Hill, Twitchell, Boyd,
Tyner, Fitch, Smith, and Adams.
Manufactures. Messrs. Morrill (Penn.), (chairman), Ames, Sawyer, Smith, (Vt.), Sanford,
Upson, Morrill, (Me.), Cleveland, and Rice.
Agriculture. Messrs. Wilson (Ohio), (chairman), Loughridge, Fisher, Smith, (Tenn.), Dyer,
Benton, Crebs, Axtell and Reeves.
Indian Affairs. Messrs Clark (chairman), Van Horn, Shanks, Taffe, Bailey, Deweese, Arm
strong, Mungen, and Trimble.
804 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869.
Territories. Messrs. Cullom (chairman), Ward, Taffe, Dyer, Pomeroy, Moore, (Ohio), Duval,
Hambleton, and Cleveland.
Revolutionary Pensions. Messrs. Devveese (chairman), Willard, Knapp, Gilflllan, Winans,
Butler, (Teiin.), Rice, Rogers, and Smith, (Oregon.)
Invalid Pensions. Messrs. Benjamin (chairman) Benton, Wilson, (Ohio), Hay, Phelps, Bowen,
Strickland, Bird, and Sweeney.
Roads and Canals. Messrs. Ingersoll (chairman), Ames, Cobb, (N. C.), Smith, (Ohio), Pros-
ser, McGrevv, Wells, and Winchester.
Alines and Mining. Messrs. Ferris (chairman), Sargent, Hawkins, Strickland, Pomeroy,
Duval, Roots, Dickinson, and Briggs.
Military Affairs. Messrs. Logan (chairman), Cobb, (Wis.), Neglcy, Packard, Stoughton,
Witcher, Asper, Morgan, and Slocum.
Militia. Messrs. Shanks (Ind.), (chairman), Clarke, Smythe, Boles, Donley Moore, (Ohio),
Trimble, Reading, and Beck.
District of Columbia. Messrs. Cook (chairman), Welker, Williams, (Ind.), Gilfillan, Boles,
Hamilton, Cowles, Stone, and Knott.
Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Boyd (chairman), Ambler Prosser, Stoughton Witcher, Jones,
(N. C.), Negley, Morrissey, and McNeeley.
Public Expenditures. Messrs. Coburn (chairman), Sawyer, Wilson, (Ohio), Hawkins, Knapp,
Donley, Jones, (N. C.), Getz, and Ilamill.
Private Land Claims. Messrs. Orth (chairman), O'Neil, Dixon, Welker, Maynard, Wash-
burn, (Wis.), Swann, Knott, and Potter.
Naval Affairs. Messrs. Scofield (chairman), Ferry, Stevens, Ketcham, McCrary, Hale, Archer,
and Haight.
Freedmen's Affairs. Messrs. Dockery (chairman), Shanks, (Ind.), Bailey, Tillman, Hawley,
McGrevv, and Moffatt.
Education and Labor. Messrs. Arnell (chairman), Beatty, Hoar, Townsend, Hamilton, (Fla.),
Burdett, Tyner, McNeeley, and Rogers.
Revision of Laws. Messrs. Poland (chairman), Ferris, Blair, McCrary, Hoar, Finkelnburg,
Upson, Voorhees, and Johnson.
Coinage, Weights and Measures. Messrs. Heaton (chairman), Kelley, Hooper, Hill, Davis,
Shober, and Griswold.
Patents. Messrs. Jenckes (chairman), Stevens, Smith, (Ohio), Tillman, Moore, (111.), John
son, Sanford, Van Auken, and Calkin.
Public Buildings and Grounds. Messrs. Hopkins (chairman), Beatty, Smith, (Tenn.), Tanner,
and Getz.
Mileage. Messrs. Hawkins (chairman), Mercur, Packard, Stevenson, and Fox.
Accounts. Messrs. Cake (chairman), Arnell, Bufflnton, Kelsey, and Golladay.
Expenditures in the State Department. Messrs. Bailey (chairman), Hale, Twitchell, Styles,
and Archer.
Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Messrs. Allison (chairman), WTheeler, Lash, Ran
dall, and Briggs.
Expenditures in the War Department. Messrs. Williams (chairman), Tanner, Cessna, Cobb,
(N. C.), and Burr.
Expenditures in the Navy Department. Messrs. Lynch (chairman), Cowles, Dickey, Hamill,
and Reeves.
Expenditures in the Post Office Department. Messrs. Moore (N. J.), (chairman), Bingham,
Hay, Benjamin, and Mayham.
Expenditures in the Interior Department. Messrs. Ela (chairman), Bennett, Packer, Strader,
and Adams.
Expenditures of Public Buildings. Messrs. Churchill (chairman), Ela, Phelps, Hoag, and
Hambleton.
On Rules. The Speaker (chairman), Messrs. Banks, Ferry, Garfleld, and Brooks.
GENERAL INDEX.
A.
ABDUL- Aziz, Sultan of Turkey, 590.
ABSTRACTS of the Public Laws of the United
States, 246-254.
ABYSSINIA, chief town, 598; area and popula
tion, 598 ; antiquity, 598 ; early Christianity,
598; divisions, 598; government and rulers,
598 ; emperor, 598.
ABYSSINIAN Church, 616.
ACTS of Congress, 246-254.
ADLERBERG, Count, Gov. General of the Grand
Duchy of Finland, 584.
ADJUTANT General's Department, 111.
ADOLPHUS. Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, 563.
ADMIRAL of the Navy, 132.
AEROLITES, 14.
AFRICA, 598 ; divisions and subdivisions, with
area and population of. 598; description of
divisions, (see each division) ; religious sta
tistics, 612, 614, 616.
AGRICULTURE, department of, 183; commis
sioner of, 183 ; statistics of, 185 ; progress
of, 623.
AGRICULTURAL, exchanges 184; museum, 184;
garden, 184; statistics, 185 ; tables, 186; col
leges, 212; land grants, 193, 213.
ALABAMA, Governors of, 61; U. S. Senators of,
71, 262; Representatives of in Congress, 74;
collectors of customs in, 97 ; assessors and
collectors of internal revenue, 99 ; mail ser
vice in, 155 ; land grants to, 174 ; tempera
ture and rain-fall in, 186 ; average yield and
prices of crops, 188; prices of farm stock,
188; colleges in, 196.
Capital, 275; area, 275; population, 275,
279; settlement of, 275 ; admitted into the
union. 275; secession of, 275; reconstruc
tion of, 234, 248, 275; government, 275;
legislature, 275 ; qualification of voters, 276:
militia, 276; judiciary, 276; election of
judges, 276; United States courts, 276; Su
preme court, 277; Circuit courts, 277 ; courts
of chancery, 277 ; finances, 277 : chief sources
of revenue, 277 ; state debt, 277 ; education,
277; state university, 277, 278; common
schools, 278; Board of Education, 278;
school fund, 278 ; charitable and penal in
stitutions, 278; Insane Hospital, 278, 279;
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 279;
wealth and industry, 280 ; productions, 280 ;
minerals, 280; commercial advantages, 280;
bureau of industrial resources, 2SO; votes
at presidential elections, 726.
ALASKA TERRITORY, eclipse of the sun in, 13;
extent of, 59; collector of customs, 97; laws
of United States extended to, 253.
Capital, 482 ; area, 482 ; population, 482,
483 ; situation, 482 ; exploration of, 482 ;
Russian-American fur company, 482: ceded
to the United States, 482; military district,
482 ; boundaries, 482 ; character of the coun
try, 482; climate, 483; rivers, 483; moun
tains, 483; Aleutian islands, 483; wealth
ALASKA TERRITORY —
and industry, 483 ; description of the capital,
483 ; timber and minerals, 484 ; fisheries. 484 ;
furs, 484.
ALBANIAN race, 576.
ALBERT, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,
502.
ALDEBARAN, occultation of, 19.
ALEXANDER II., Emperor of Russia, 582.
ALGERIA, capital, 599; area, 599; population,
599 ; government — military districts, 599 ;
expenditures, 599; army, 599; commerce,
599 ; products, 599.
AMERICA, area, 523; population, 523; compara
tive size, 523; history, 523; independent
states of, 523-524 ; languages of, 523-524 ; re
ligion of. 524; European possessions in, 524;
United States of, 59-522, (see United States) •
statistics of Christianity in, 611 ; Roman
Catholic Church in, 613 ; Protestant Churches
in, 616-622.
ANAM, area and population, 592; divisions, 593;
emperor, 593 ; war-craft, 593.
ANGLICAN Church, 616-617.
ANHALT, capital, 561; area, 561; population,
561 ; reigning sovereign and family, 561 ;
government, 561 ; revenue, expenditure and
debt, 561 ; troops, 561.
APPENDIX, 801.
APPLICATIONS, for admission to U. S. Military
Academy, 110 ; for admission to Naval Acad
emy, 130; for appointment of cadet en<ri-
neers,131; for pensions, 176; for patents, 182.
APPOINTMENT, of cadets to Military Academy,
110 ; of cadet engineers in the Navy, 132.
APPROPRIATIONS, for Freedmen's Bureau, 126;
to supply deficiencies in various depart
ments, 246, 248, 251 ; for U.S. Military Acad
emy, 247 ; for Post Office Department, 247 ;
consular and diplomatic expenses, 247; for
expenses of Impeachment Trial, 248; for
the support of the army. 248; for the naval
service, 248; for legislative, executive and
judicial expenses, 250; for sundry civil ex
penses, 250; payment of invalid and other
pensions, 251 ; for the Indian department,
252 ; for Columbia Institution for the Deaf
and Dumb, 253 ; for executive expenses. 253.
ARABIA, area, 593 ; population, 593; divisions,
593; Muscat, 593; manufactures, 593; the
Wahabces, 593 ; holy cities, 593.
ARCHBISHOPRICS and bishoprics, 613-614.
AREA, of the United States, 59; (for separate
States and Territories, see under each, also see
different countries in each division).
ARGENTINE Republic, capital, 525 ; area, 525 ;
population, 525; history, 525; classes of
population, 525; immigration, 525 ; govern
ment, 525 ; election of President and Vice-
President, 525 ; Senate, 525; House of Re
presentatives, 525 ; revenue, 525 ; public
debt and currency, 525; army and navy, 525;
commerce, 525 ; imports, 525 ; chief articles
of export, 525 ; railroads, 525.
805
806
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
AKIZONA TERRITORY, Governors of, 69 ; dele
gate from, 76 ; assessor and collector of in
ternal revenue, 99 ; mail service in, 156 ; gold
and silver product, 220, 221, 650.
Capital, 484; area, 484; population, 484,
485 ; organization of, 484 ; government, 484 ;
judiciary, 484 ; Supreme court, 484, 485 ;
United States court, 485; finances, 485; in-
deotedness, 485; wealth and industry, 485 ;
ruins of Spanish settlements, 485- Indian
hostilities, 485 ; surface, 485 ; productions,
485; Colorado river, 485 ; climate, 485; min
erals, 486 ; lumber, 486 ; railroads, 486.
ARKANSAS, Governors of, 64 ; U. S. Senators of,
71, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263 ; collectors of customs in, 97 ; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 99; mail
service in, 155; land grants to, 174; pension
ers in, 176, 177; temperature and rain-fall,
186 ; average yield and prices of crops, 187 ;
prices of farm stock, 188.
Capital, 281; area, 281 ; population, 281,
284; settlement of, 281 ; admitted into the
union, 281 ; ordinance of secession passed,
281 ; reconstruction in, 281 ; new constitu
tion adopted, 281 ; provisions of, 281 ; gov
ernment, 281; legislature, 281 ; qualification
of voters, 2S2; judiciary, 282; appointments
of judges, 282 ; United States courts, 282;
Supreme court, 282; circuit courts, 282; fi
nances, 282; state debt, 283; education, 283;
injury to literary institutions by the war,
283; declaration of Gov. Murphy, 283; pro
visions of constitution with regard to edu
cation, 283 ; charitable and penal institutions,
283; Institution for the blind, 283; peniten
tiary, 284 ; wealth and industry, 284 ; agri
cultural statistics of, 284; minerals, 284;
value of property, 284 ; Banks, 284; votes at
presidential elections, 728.
ARMENIAN CHURCH, 615.
ARMY AND NAVY, 106.
A-RMY LIST, 111 ; general officers, 111 ; Adjutant
General's Department, 111 ; Inspector Gen
erals, 111 ; Chief Signal Officers of the Army,
112; Quartermaster's department, 112; sub
sistence department, 112 ; medical depart
ment, 112; pay department, 113; corps of en
gineers, 113 ; ordnance department, 114- en
gineer battalion, 114 ; regiments of cavalry —
1st to 5th, 114; 6th to 10th, 115; regiments
of artillery— 1st to 5th, 115 ; regiments of in
fantry— 1st, 115 ; 2d to 14th, 116; 15th to 27th,
117; 28th to 40th, 118; 41st to 45th, 119; pay
of the army, 121 ; organization of, 122.
ARMY PENSIONS, 175.
ARMORIES AND ARSENALS, 123.
ARTILLERY SCHOOL, 123.
ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT, 227.
ASIA, eclipse of the sun visible in, 12: area and
population of, 592; civilization, 592; Euro
pean possessions, 592; governments purely
Asiatic, 592; religions of, 592; states and
smaller divisions, 592; religious statistics,
611, 614, 615, 618-622.
ASSESSORS of Internal Revenue, 99.
ASSISTANT Adjutant Generals, 108, 111.
ASSISTANT Instructors and Professors in Mili
tary Academy. 109; in Naval Academy, 129.
ASSOCIATE JUSTICES, of the Supreme Court,
62, 147.
ASTEROIDS. 14, 47.
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT, 9; eras, 9; Jew
ish calendar, 9; Jewish year, 9; Jewish
months, 9; Mohammedan calendar, 10; Mo
hammedan year, 10; Mohammedan months,
10 ; Movable church days, 10 ; Cycles of time,
ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT—
10 ; seasons, 10 ; rising and setting of Mer
cury, 10 ; eclipses for 1869, 11 ; lunar eclipse,
11 ; eclipses of the sun, 12; table of eclipses
visiole in North America, 14; asteroids,
14; Venus and Mars, 15; phases of Venus,
15; evening stars, 15: morning stars, 15;
ephemeris of the principal planets, 16;
sun's declination for Washington, 18; eclipses
of Jupiter's moons, 18; moon's place or
longitude, 19; constellations and sicns of
the Zodiac, 19 ; occultations of Regulus and
Aldebaran, 19 ; hi<rh water — at Boston, 20;
at New York, 20; at Philadelphia, 21; at
San Francisco, 21 ; mean time of sun-rise
and sun-set, 22-44 ; length and increase of
days, 22-44 ; moon's phases, 23-45 ; situation
of the planets, 23-45 ; mean time of beg-in-
ninir and end of twilight, 23-45 ; planetary
conjunctions, 46 ; Saturn's rings, 46: sun and
planets, 47; tide-table, 48; star-table, 49;
latitude and longitude, 50-58.
ATTORNEY General, 80 ; duties of, 146.
ATTORNEY General's office, 146.
ATTORNEYS General, 62.
AUSTRALASIA AND POLYNESIA, 602 ; table of
area and population of divisions, 602; for
divisions (*ee each division) ; religious statis
tics, 612, 614.
AUSTRALIA, 568.
AUSTRIA, capital, 540; area, 540, 541; popula
tion, 540, 541 ; history, 540; accession of the
House of llapsbunr. 540; made an arch
duchy, 540 ; constitution proclaimed, 540 :
races, 541 ; cities, 541 ; reigning sovereign
and family, 541 : list of sovereigns, 541 ; gov
ernment, 541 ; Provincial and Central Diets,
541: ministry of Austria proper, 5-12; con
stitution of Hungary, 542; Hungarian min
istry, 542"; ministry of the empire, 542 ; af
fairs common to all parts of the empire, 542 ;
educational establishments, 542 ; universi
ties, 542; revenue and expenditures, 543;
public debt, 543 ; army and navy, 543 ; for
tresses, 543; imports and exports, 544;
Society of the Austrian Lloyd, 544; rail
ways and telegraphs, 544.
AVERAGE price of principal products, 187; yield
of, 187 ; price of farm, stock, 188.
B.
BADEN, capital, 566; area and population, 566:
emigration, 566 ; reigning sovereign and
family, 566; Legislative Chambers, 566;
ministry, 566 ; 'education, 566 ; universities,
566; receipts, expenditure, and debt, 566;
railways, 566; army, 566; telegraph lines, 566.
BALTA, JOSE, president of Peru, 533.
BALTIMORE, courts of, 360 ; commerce of, 303.
BAPTISTS, divisions of, 617 ; in America, 617:
in Great Britain, 618' on the continent of
Europe, 618: in Asia and Australia, 618;
missions in Burmah, 594.
BATTLE, LORENZO, president of Uruguay. 133.
BAVARIA, capital, 5<>4; area, 564; population,
564 ; districts, 564 ; emigration, 564 ; reign-
ing sovereign and family, 56-4 ; government,
564 ; Upper and Lower House, 564 ; ministry,
565 ; education, 561 ; universities, 561 : rev
enue, expenditures, and debt, 565 ; railways,
565; army and fortresses, 565; production
of beer, mines, &c., 565 ; banks, 563 ; tele
graph lines 505 ; post-office, 565.
BELGIUM, capital, 544 ; area, 544 ; population,
544; history, 544; independence established,
544; reigning sovereign and family, 544; gov-
GENERAL INDEX.
807
BELGIUM —
eminent, 544; Senate and Chamber of Rep
resentatives, £45 ; ministry, 543 ; education,
545 ; revenue and expenditure*, 545 ; nation
al debt, 545 ; army and navy, 545 ; fortresses,
545 ; commerce, 545 ; imports and exports,
545 ; state railway, 545.
BLAIR, F. JR., letter of acceptance of nomina
tion, 273.
BOLIVIA, capital, 525; area, 525; population,
525; history, 525; treaty with Brazil, 525;
government. 525 ; army, revenue, expendi
tures, imports?, 525.
BOSTON, high water at, 20; Normal and train
ing school, 368.
BOUNTY Land Warrants, 172.
BRAZIL, capital, 525; area, 525; population,
525 ; history, 525 ; constituted a kingdom,
525; constitution adopted, 525; slaveholders,
525 ; suppression of slave-trade, 525 ; colo
nies, 525 ; reigning sovereign and family ,52(5 ;
government, legislative assembly, 520; vot
ing compelled, 52(5; new ministry formed,
July 1S68. 526 ; revenue, expenditures, and
debt, 526; paper currency in circulation,
526 ; army and navy, 526 ; commerce, 526 ;
trade with United States, 526.
BREMEN, area and population, 564 ; Senate, 564 ;
income, expenditure and debt, 564 ; imports
and exports, 564; commercial navy, 564;
army, 564.
BRIGADIER Generals, 111-120.
BRITISH America, 533.
BRITISH India, capital, 593 ; area, 593 ; popula
tion, 593; divisions, 593; cities, 593; gov
ernment, 594; governor-general, 594; edu
cation, 594 : finances, 594 ; revenue, expen
ditures, and debt, 594 ; army, 594 ; exports
and imports, 594 ; railways, post-offices and
telegraph lines, 594; arrivals and clearances,
594 ; cotton, 594.
BRITISH Possessions, area, 533, 534 ; population,
533,534; income, 533, 534; expenses, 533,
534 ; imports and exports, 533, 534.
BRUNSWICK, capital, 561 ; area, 561 ; population,
561 ; reigning sovereign and family, 561 ;
Legislative Chamber, 561 ; revenue, expen
diture and debt, 561 ; army, 561 ; mines, 561.
BUREAU of Refugees, Freedmen, and aban
doned lands, 108; organization of, 125; com
missioner of, 125 ; departments of, 125. (See
Freedmen 's Bureau).
BUREAU of military justice, 108, 111 ; navy
yards and docks, 128 ; navigation, 128 ; ord
nance, 128; construction and repair, 128;
equipment and recruiting, 128; steam-engi
neering, 128; provisions and clothing, 128;
medicine and surgery, 128; Indian affairs,
179 ; officers and duties of, 179 ; of industrial
resources, Alabama, 280.
BURMAH, capitals, 594; area and population,
594; divisions, 594; government, 594; edu
cation, 594 ; revenue, 594 ; missions, 594.
c.
CADETS, appointment of to military academy,
110; qualifications of, 110; examination of,
110; pay of. 111.
CADET ENGINEERS in the navy, 131 ; number
of, 131 ; pay of, 131 ; examination of, 131 ;
appointment of, 132.
CALIFORNIA, Governors of, 64; U. S. Senators
of, 71, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263 ; collectors of customs in, 97 ; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue in, 99 ;
military department of, 124; mail service
CALIFORNIA—
in, 155; land grants to, 174; pensioners in,
176, 177 ; temperature and rainfall, 186 ; av
erage yield and prices of crops, 187 ; prices
of tarm stock, 188 ; colleges in, 1%.
Capital, 285; area, 285; population, 285,
292 ; settlement of, 285 ; ceded to the United
States, 285; government, 285; legislature,
285 ; qualification of voters, 285 ; judiciary,
285 ; election of judges, 286 ; United States
courts, 286; Supreme court, 286; District
courts, 286; registers in bankruptcy, 286;
times and places for holding courts, 286;
courts in San Francisco, 286 ; finances, 287 ;
state debt, 287 ; education, state board of,
287 ; school officers, 288 ; state board of ex
amination, 288 ; county and city boards of
examiners, 288; state diplomas, 288; life
diplomas, 288; State Normal School, 289:
schools of San Francisco, 289; schools of
Sacramento, 289; charitable institutions,
290 ; Insane Asylum, 290 ; Institution for the
Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, 290; State Reform
School, 290 ; State Prison, 291 ; wealth and
industry, 291 ; soil and climate, 292 ; produc
tions, 292, 293; fruits, 292- vineyards, 292;
production of silk, 292; '"Big Tree grove,"
293; mineral wealth, 293, 647: trade and
commerce of San Francisco, 293 ; votes at
Presidential elections. 668.
CANADA, Dominion of, capital, 534 ; area, 534 ;
population, 534 ; history, 534 ; Inter-colonial
Conference of Quebec, 534 ; action with re
gard to Confederation, 534; government,
534 ; cabinet, 534 ; Governor General, 535 ;
Senate and House of Assembly, 535; army,
535 ; statistics of population, 535 ; produc
tions, 536.
CANDIDATES for Naval Academy, 130; nomina
tion of, 130; qualifications, 130; appoint
ment, 131.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, capital, 599 ; area, 599 ;
population, 599 ; nativity of population, 599 ;
Governor and Councils, 599 ; revenue, ex
penditure, and debt, 599 ; imports and ex
ports. 599.
CAPITOL at Washington, 512.
CAPTAINS of the navy, 133, 135.
CAUCASIAN race, 538.
CENTRAL AMERICA, history, 526; population,
526. (see each State).
CERNA, VINCENT, President of Guatemala,
527.
CEYLON, area and population, 595 ; Governor
and Council, 595 ; revenue and expenditure,
595 ; imports and exports, 595.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, (Me each State).
CHARLES ALEXANDER, Grand Duke of Saxe-
Weimar, 560.
CHARLES, King of Wurtemberg, 565.
CHARLES XV. King of Sweden and Norway,
586.
CHARLES, Prince of Rumania, 591.
CHICAGO, population of, 323 ; receipts and ship
ments of, 323.
CHIEF JUSTICES of the Supreme Court of the
United States, 147.
CHIEF JUSTICES of the Supreme Court, 62.
CUILI, capital, 527; area, 527; population, 527;
history, 527; census report, 527; govern
ment, 528; president, 528; ministry, 528;
Council of State, 528 ; Senate and Chamber
of Deputies, 528 ; revenue and expenditures,
528 ; debt, 528 ; army and navy, 528 ; com
merce, 528 ; imports and exports, 528 ; ton
nage, 528; education, 528; university, 528 ;
secondary instruction, 528.
808
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
CHINA, capital, 595 ; area, 595 ; population, 595 :
provinces, 595 ; sovereign, 595; government,
595; boards of government, 595; finances,
595; army, 595; commercial treaty of Nan
king, 595 ; table of exports and imports of
principal ports, 595, 596; movement and val
ue of shipping, 595; imperial roads, 596;
coal, 596 ; treaties, 596.
CHURCH DAYS, 10.
CHRISTIAN IX. King of Denmark, 546.
CHRISTIANITY in America, 524 ; in Europe, 539 ;
in Asia, 532 :in Abyssinia, 598 ; in Madagas
car, 600 ; in Turkey, 609 ; in Africa, 609 ; sta
tistics of, 610-622 ; divisions of— Roman Cath
olic Church, 61-615; Oriental Churches, 610,
615; Protestant Churches, 610, 616-622.
CIRCUIT COURTS of the United States, 147; of
each State, (see each State).
CIVILIZATION of Europe brought to America,
523; in Asia. 592.
COAL, in Alabama, 280 ; in Arkansas, 284; in
Illinois, 322 ; in Iowa, 337 ; in Indiana, 329;
in Kansas. 341 ; in Kentucky, 346 ; in Mis
souri, 394 ; in Nebraska, 395 ; in North Car
olina, 426; in Ohio, 432; in Pennsylvania,
444, 654 ; in Tennessee, 457 ; in Virginia,
471 ; in West Virginia, 475 ; in Alaska, 484;
in Colorado, 489; in Dakota, 492; in Monta
na, 500 ; in New Mexico, 501 ; in Washing
ton Territory, 507: history of, 653 ; annual
product for the world, 655 ; product for the
United States, 656. v
COAST LINE of the United States, 59.
COINAGE, 219.
COINS, foreign gold and silver, 221 ; of the Uni
ted States, 222.
COLFAX, SCHUYLER, nominated Vice President,
267 ; letter of acceptance, 266 ; inaugurated,
801.
COLLECTORS of customs 97.
COLLECTORS of internal revenue, 99.
COLLEGES and collegiate institutions 196.
COLLEGE, Yale, 297; Trinity, 297; Delaware,
305; St. Mary's, 305; Emory, 314; Iowa Ag
ricultural, 333; St. John's, 361 ; Dartmouth,
404; Princeton, 408; Agricultural of New
Jersey, 408; Columbia, 415; Rutger's Fe-
male,~415 ; Vassar, 415 ; Agricultural of Ver
mont, 465; of William and Mary, 470; Wash
ington, 470; Agricultural of West Virginia,
474. (See Universities).
COLOMBIA, United States of, capital, 528; area,
528 ; population, 528 ; history, 528 ; changes
of organization, 528; independent Indians,
528; government, 529; ministry, 529; Sen
ate and Chamber of Representatives, 529;
revenue and expenditures, 529; debt, 529;
army, 529; commerce, 529; imports and ex
ports, 529 ; arrivals, 529.
COLONELS, 111-120.
COLORADO TERRITORY, Governors of, 69 ; dele
gate from, 76; assessor and collector of in
ternal revenue. 199; mail service in, 156;
gold and silver product of, 220, 221, 605.
Capital, 486 ; area, 486 ; population, 486 ;
organization of, 486 ; failure of admission to
the Union, 486: government, 486; change of
capital, 486 ; legislature, 487 ; judiciary, 487 ;
Supreme court, 487; District courts, 487;
terms of courts, 487 ; finances, 487 ; sources
of revenue and disbursements, 487; educa
tion, 488; Superintendent of Public Instruc
tion, 488; wealth and industry, 488; agri
cultural lands, 488 ; gold and silver mining,
488; coal and other minerals, 489; statistics
of business of Denver, 489 ; products, 489 ;
banks, 489.
COMMANDERS, 133, 135.
COMMISSIONER of Internal Revenue, 96; duties
of, 9(5; of Freedmen's Bureau, 125; of Gen
eral Land Office, 169; of pensions, 169, 175;
of patents, 169, 181, 182; of Indian office,
169, 179-, of agriculture, 183 ; of education, 190.
COMMISSIONERS to establish peace with Indian
tribes, 180.
COMMITTEES of the Senate, 72, 261, 802 ; of the
House, 76, 262, 803.
COMMODORES, 132, 135.
COMPARATIVE TABLES, 603 ; large divisions of
the world, 603; political divisions of the
world, 603 ; cities, 607.
CONGREGATIONALISM, in America, 618 ; in Eng
land and the colonies, 618.
CONGREGATIONALISTS, in America, 618; in
Great Britain, 618.
CONGRESS, 70 : two houses of, 70 ; Senate, 70 ;
House of Representatives, 70; apportion
ment of members, 71 ; fortieth congress, 71 ;
sessions of, 71; members of, 71. 201; com
mittees of, 72, 261 ; proceedings of, 225 ; acts
of, 246; forty-first congress, 262; librarian
of, 214 ; library of, 214.
CONGRESSES, list of, 63.
CONJUNCTIONS, planetary, 46.
CONNECTICUT, Governor's of. 64; U. S. Senators
of, 71, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263 ; collectors of customs in, 97 ; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 99 ; mail
service in, 155 ; pensioners in, 176, 177 ; tem
perature and rainfall, 186 ; average yield and
prices of crops, 187 ; prices of farm stock,
188 ; colleges in, 196.
Capitals, 294 ; area, 234; population, 294,
301; settlement of, 294; government, 294;
legislature, 294 ; qualification of voters, 294 ;
National Guards, 294 ; judiciary, 295 ; Uni
ted States courts, 295 ; Supreme Court of
Errors, 295; Superior court, 295; State's at
torney, 296; terms of Supreme court, 296;
terms of Superior court, 296; nuances, 296;
receipts for civil list account for year ending
March 31, 1868, 298 ; expenditures, 296 ; state
debt, 297; education, 297; colleges, 297;
Yale college, 297; professional schools, 297:
academics and hiirh schools. 29S; State Board
of Education, 298; State Normal School, 298;
teachers' institutes, 298; school statistics,
298; charitable institutions, 291) ; American
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, 299, 300;
Retreat for the Insane, 299, 300; State Re
form School, 299, 300 ; School for Imbeciles,
300, 301 ; Soldiers' Orphans' Homes, 300; in
digent blind, 300; Hartford Hospital, 301;
State Prison and Jails, 301 ; county jails, 301 ;
wealth and industry, 301 ; increase in popu
lation, 301 ; increase in value of property,
302; manufactures, 302 ; mines, 302; banks,
302; insurance, 302 ; railroads, 302; votes at
Presidential elections, 696.
CONSTELLATIONS of the zodiac, 19.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, framed,
59 ; basis of the government, 59.
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, fourteenth, 257;
ratification of, 258.
CONSULAR branch of department of State, 80.
CONSULAR officers in foreign countries, 82.
CONTENTS, 5.
CONVENTION, postal, with Great Britain, 150;
with Belgium, Netherlands, &c., 150; with
Hong Kong, 151.
CONVENTION, National T?epublican at Chicago,
265 ; National Democratic at New York, 268;
Soldiers' and Sailors' National, at Chicago,
266 ; at New York, 269.
GENERAL INDEX.
809
COPPER, ni Alabama, 280 ; in Connecticut, 302 ;
in Illinois, :«:•$: in Michigan, 1381; ii. Mis
souri, .'594 ; in Nevada, 401 : in North Caro
lina, 42(5; in Wisconsin, 481; in Alaska, 484
in Arizona, 480; in Colorado, 489; in Dako
ta, 492 ; in Montana, 500 ; ill New Mexico,
501 ; history of, 656.
COPTS, 616.
CORPS OP ENGINEERS, 113.
COSTARICA, capital, 527; area, 527; population,
527; government, 527; revenue, 527; exports
and imports, 527; militia, 527.
COTTON exempted from revenue tax, 246.
COUNCILS, National and Provincial of Roman
Catholic Church, 614.
COURT OP CLAIMS, 147.
COURTS OP THE UNITED STATES, 147.
COURTS OF THE STATES, (see judicially of each
State).
CROPS, wheat, 185 ; corn, 185 ; average yield
and average price, 187; condition ot, 189.
CROTON AQUEDUCT, 518.
CUBA, area, 537; fertility, 537; mines, 537;
railroads, 537; population, 537; liberation
of slaves, 537; government, 537; chief towns,
537; productions, 537; population, exports
and imports of Porto Rico, 537.
CURRENCY AND FINANCE, 630.
CUSTOMS, collectors of, 97.
CYCLES OF TIME, 10.
D.
DAKOTA TERRITORY, Governors of, 69; dele
gate from, 76 ; assessor and collector of in
ternal revenue, 99; military department of,
124; mail service in, 156; gold and silver
product of, 221.
Capital, 489; area, 489; population, 489,
492; organizalion of, 489; government, 489 ;
qualification of voters, 490 ; militia, 490 ;
judiciary, 490 ; Supreme and District courts,
490; terms of courts, 490; finances, 490;
education, 490 ; public school system, 490 ;
school officers, 491 ; school-buildings, 491 ;
"Dakota Hall," 491 ; teachers' institutes,
491 ; school statistics. 491 ; wealth and in
dustry, 491 ; immigrants, 492; Indian hos
tilities, 492;- public lands, 492; railroads,
492.
DANISH POSSESSIONS, area, 536; population,
536 ; sale of St. Thomas and St. John, 536 ;
settlements in Greenland, 536.
DAYS, length and increase of. 23-44.
DEAF MUTES, institutions for, (see each State) ;
methods of instructing in American Asy
lum, 299 ; college for, 513.
DEBT OP THE UNITED STATES, 240, 244.
DEBTS op THE STATES, 245 ; (see each State and
country).
DELAWARE. Governors of, 65 ; U. S. Senators
of, 71, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263 ; collector of customs in, 97 ; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 99 ; mail
service in, 155; pensioners in, 177; temper
ature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and
prices of crops, 187 ; prices of farm stock,
188 ; colleges in, 196.
Capital, 303; area, 303; population, 303,
305; settlement, 303 ; constitution adopted,
303; government, 303; legislature, 303; qual
ification of voters, 303 ; judiciary, 303 ; ap
pointment of judges, 304; United States
courts, 304; judges of state courts, 304;
terms of courts. 304; finances, 304; state
debt, 304; education, 305; colleges, 305;
wealth and industry, 305 ; railroads, 305; ag-
DELAWARE —
riculture, 305; foreign trade, 305; banks,
305; products, 305 \ votes at presidential
elections, 670.
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION at New
York, 268.
DENMARK, capital, 545 ; area, 545, 546 ; popula
tion, 545,546; history, 545; Schleswig-Hol-
stein wars, 546; reigning sovereign and
family, 546; treaty of Vienna, 546; govern
ment, 546; Diets, 546; Iceland, 546; minis
try, 546; education, 546; revenue and ex
penditures, 546 ; public debt, 546; army and
navy, 546; imports and exports, 547; com
mercial marine, 547.
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE, 1S3; commis
sioner of, 183 ; established, 183; business of,
183 ; building of, 183.
DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION, 190; commis
sioner of, 190; act creating, 190; informa
tion sought by, 191 ; modes~of obtaining in
formation, 191 ; modes of disseminating in
formation, 192; plan of publication, 192;
work done, or in progress, 193.
DEPARTMENT of the Interior, 169; bureaus in,
169 ; chief officers in, 169 ; public lands, 170 ;
bounty land warrants, 172 ; private land
claims, 174; pension office, 175; army pen
sions, 175; navy pensions, 176; bureau of
Indian affairs, 179; patent office, 181.
DEPARTMENT of the Navy, 128; bureaus in,
128; chief officers in, 128; United States
Naval Academy, 129; navy list, 132; naval
constructors, 136 ; vessels of the United
States navy, 136 ; naval force, 138; squad
rons, 139; navy yards and shore stations,
140; pay of the navy, 141.
DEPARTMENT of the Post Office, (see Post Office
Department).
DEPARTMENT of State, 80; diplomatic branch,
consular branch, disbursing agent, transla
tor, clerk of appointments and commissions,
clerk of rolls and archives, clerk of authen
tications, clerk of pardons and passports, 80 ;
intercourse with foreign nations, 81.
DEPART^EXT of the Treasury, 95; bureaus in,
95; chief officers in, 96; collectors of cus
toms^!; assessors and collectors of inter
nal revenue, 99 ; United States Coast Survey,
104; Light-house board, 105; Light-house
districts and officers, 105; Supervising in
spectors of steamboats and their districts,
106.
DEPARTMENT of War, 107; bureaus in, 107;
chief officers in, 108; United States Military
Academy. 108; military divisions, districts
and departments, 124; Freedmeu's Bureau,
125.
DEPOSITS at United States Mint, 219.
DIPLOMATIC Corps, 89.
DISCOVERY of America, 523.
DISTILLED Spirits, laws respecting tax on, 246,
247, 250.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, area, 510; population,
510, 514; ceded to the General Government,
510; present limits, 510; judiciary, 510; Su
preme court, 147, 510 ; District and Criminal
C( urts, 511 ; terms of court, 511 ; charitable
institutions, 513; Hospital for the Insane,
513, 514; Columbian Institution for Deaf,
Dumb and Blind, 513, 514; U. S. Jail, 514;
classification of population, 514; Washing
ton, (see Washington City).
DIVISIONS of the W'orld, in order of area and
population, 603-605 ; in order of density of
population, 605, 606 ; alphabetically arranged,
606, 607.
810
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[18C9.
DUENAS. FRANCISCO, president of San Salva
dor, 527.
DUTCH Possessions, area and population, 537.
DUTIES levied on leading articles of merchan
dise, 236.
E.
EAST ASIATIC RELIGIONS, (509.
ECLIPSE, of the moon, 11, 12; of the sun, 11,
12, 18.
ECLIPSES, 11; table of, 14; of Jupiter's moons,
18.
ECUADOR, capital, 520 ; area, 529 ; population,
529 ; history, 529 ; government, 529 ; provin
ces, 529; revenue, expenditures and debt,
529 : exports and imports, 529.
EDUCATION, (see Department of). Journal of,
190,192; in the several States, (see wider
Education in each State and territory) ; in
Chili, 528; in Austria, 542; in Belgium, 545 ;
in Denmark, 540; in Fiance, 549'; in Ger
many, 402; in Prussia, 557; in Saxony, 559 ;
in Mecklenbnrg-Schwerin, 559; in Bavaria,
565; in Wnrtembere, 560; in Baden, 56(5; in
Great Britain, 571 ; in Ireland, 572; in Scot
land, 572; in Greece, 577 ; in Italy, 578; in
Portugal, 581 ; in Russia, 583; in Spain, 585;
ill Sweden, 587; in Norway, 587 ; in Switzer
land, 588; in Turkey, 590; in British India,
594; in Burmah, 594; in Madagascar, 600.
EDUCATIONAL documents, 192, 193.
EDUCATIONAL tables, 19(5.
EGYPT, capital. 599; area, 599; population, 599 ;
nativity of population, 599; sovereign, 599;
independence, 599 ; ministry and Assembly
of Representatives, 599; revenue, expendi
tures and loans, 599; army and navy, 600;
commerce, 600.
ELECTIONS, of Senators, 79 ; of members of
House of Representatives, 79; of President
and Vice-President, 79.
ELECTORS, of President and Vice-President, 7f\
ENVOYS Extraordinary, 81.
EPHEMEIUS of the principal planets, 16, 17.
ERAS, corresponding with 1869, 9.
ERNEST I., Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, 561.
ERNEST II.. Duke of Baxe-Cobarg-Qotha, 561.
ESPINOSA, XAVIER, president of Ecuador, 529.
ESTABLISHED Church of England and Ireland,
617.
EUROPE, area, 538; population, 538; compara
tive size, 538 ; divisions, 538 ; increase of
population, 538; races, 538, 539; countries,
539; empires, 539; States and rulers, 539,
540; statistics of Christianity in, 611, 622.
EUROPEAN conferences, 539 ; possessions, 372.
EVENING stars, 15.
EVENTS, record of for 1868. 739.
EXAMINATION of Cadets for the Military Acad
emy, 110 ; of applicants to the Naval Acad
emy, 130 ; of cadet engineers, 131.
EXCHANGES, Agricultural, 184.
EXECUTIVE government of United States, 79.
EXPENDITURES of the U. S. Treasury, 237.
EXPORTS, of New York, 420, 520: "of Great
Britain, 575; of France, 552 ; of Russia. 584;
of British India, 594 ; of China, 595. 596 ; of
Japan, 59(5 ; (also see eacii Stale and country).
F.
FARM stock, price? of, 188.
FEE.IEE Islands, area and population, 601 : num
ber. 601 ; missions, 601 ; offers of cession to
Great Britain, 601 ; indemnity to United
States, 601 ; exports, 601.
FIFTEENTH Constitutional Amendment, 801.
FINANCES, of the United States, 2:35 ; act to
suspend further reduction of the currency,
246 ; of individual States, (see each State and
Territory).
FINANCIAL tables, 237.
FINLAND, ancient constitution, 584; govern
or general, 584 ; revenue and expenditure,
584 ; army and navy, 584.
FLORIDA, Governors of, 65; U. S. Senators of,
71, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263; collectors of customs in, 97; assessor
and collector of internal revenue, 99 ; mail
service in, 155; land grants to, 174; tem
perature and rain-fall, 186; average yield
and prices of crops. 187; prices of farm
stock, 188; reconstruction of, 234, 248.
Capital, 306; area, 306; population, 306,
310 ; ceded to the United States, 306 ; settle
ment, 306 ; admitted into the union, 906 ; or
dinance of secession passed, 306 ; repealed,
306 ; constitution adopted, 306 ; ratified, 30(5 ;
fourteenth amendment ratified, 306 ; govern
ment, 30(5; legislature, 306; qualification of
voters, 307; judiciary, 307 ; appointment of
judges, 307; Supreme court, 307, 308; Cir
cuit courts, 307, 308 ; United States courts,
808; finances, 308 ; state debt, 309 ; educa
tion, 309 ; Board of Education, 309 ; com
mon school fund, 309 ; seminaries, 309 ; char
itable institutions, 309; criminals, 310;
wealth and industry, 310; emigration, 310;
fruits, 310; manufactures, 310; steamboat
and canal companies, 310 ; votes at presiden
tial elections, 735. , -^
FOREIGN coins, 221.
FOREIGN consuls in United States, 90.
FOREIGN legations in United States, 89.
FOREIGN intercourse, 81 ; postage, 158.
FOURTEENTH constitutional amendment, 257 ;
ratification of, 257.
FRANCE, capital, 547; area, 547; population,
548;— in cities and departments, 547,548:
nationality, 548 ; reigning sovereign and
family, 548; list of sovereigns, 549 ; govern
ment, 549; constitution, 549; Council of
State, Senate and Legislative body, 549 :
ministry, 549 ; education, 549 ; educational
institutions, 549 ; political journals, 549 ;
finances, 549; expenditures, 549, 550; rev
enue, 550; public debt, 550; army, 550; de
tails of organization, 551 ; navy, 551 • details
of organization, 552 ; commerce, imports
and exports, 552 ; gold, silver, and other
products, 552 ; business of the Post Oflice
department, 552 ; telegraph lines and rail
roads, 552 ; banks, 553 ; colonies, 553.
FRANCIS JOSEPH I., Emperor of Austria, and
King of Hungary. 541.
FREDERICK FRANCIS II., Grand Duke of Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, 559.
FREDERICK WILLIAM I., Grand Duke of Mcck-
lenburg-Strelitz, 559.
FREDERICK I., Grand Duke of Baden, 566.
FREEDMEN'S Bureau, 125; commissioner of,
125 ; organization of, 125 ; appropriations
for, 126 ; expenditures of, 126.
FREEDMEN, schools for, 127.
FRENCH Possessions, area, 537; population,
FRIENDS, religious sect in United States, 618;
in England, 618.
GK
GENERAL of the army, 111.
GEORGE I., King of the Hellenes, 576.
GEORGE II., Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, 561.
GENERAL INDEX.
811
GEORGE VICTOR, Prince of Waldeck, 563.
GEORGIA, Governors of, 65 ; U. S. Senators of,
72, 262 ; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263 ;
collectors of customs in, 97; assessors and
collectors of internal revenue in, 99 ; mail
service in, 155 ; land grants, 174; temper
ature and rainfall, 186; average yield and
prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock,
188; colleges, 196 : reconstruction, 234, 248.
Capital, 311; area, 311; population, 311,
314 ; settlement, 311 ; constitution ratified,
ordinance of secession adopted, 311: re
pealed, 311 ; new constitution adopted and
ratified, 311 ; government, 311 ; legislature,
311 ; qualification of voters, 311 ; judiciary,
312; Supreme court, 312, 313 ; Circuit court,
312, 313; United States courts, 313; terms
of courts, 313; finances, 313; bonded debt,
313; education, 313; colleges, 313; univer
sities, 313,314; State School Commissioner,
314; educational fund, 314; charitable insti
tutions, 314; State Lunatic Asylum, 314;
penitentiary, 314 ; wealth and industry, 314 ;
products, 315 ; manufactures, 315; minerals,
315 ; gold mining, 315 ; value of property in,
315 ; votes at Presidential elections, 688.
GERMANY, history, 553; constitution of North
Germany, 553 ; area and population, 553 ;
education, 554; universities, 554 ; the Zoll-
verein, 554; revenue, 554; exports, 554-
mines and manufactures, 554; insurance and
credit companies, 554 ; merchant navy, 554 ;
(see North Gerinany and South Germany).
GOBAZIE, Emperor of Abyssinia, 598.
GOLD, coinage, 219 ; coins of the United States,
221 ; coins, foreign, 221 ; deposits at United
States mint, 219; production, 220 ; discov
eries of and mines in California, 293, 650; in
Alabama, 280 ; in Georgia, 315 ; in Nevada,
400 ; in North Carolina, 426 ; in South Caro
lina, 453 ; in Virginia, 471 ; in Alaska, 484 ;
in Arizona, 486; in Colorado, 488,652- in
Dakota, 492; in Idaho, 495, 651 ; in Montana,
499, 651 : in New Mexico, 501 ; in Oregon,
650; in Washington Ter., 507; in Wyoming,
510; in RussiM>44; in Asia, Australia and
Africa, 646; in South American countries,
646; in Mexico, 646; in British America, 647 ;
history of, 648 ; product of in 1865, 649-650.
GOVERNMENT of the United States, 79-80; of
Alabama, 275 ; of other states and countries,
(see each state and country).
GOVERNORS OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES,
Alabama, 64, 275 ; Arkansas, 64, 281 ; Cali
fornia, 64, 285 ; Connecticut, 64, 294; Dela
ware, 65, 303; Florida, 65, 306 ; Georgia, 65,
311; Illinois, 65, 316; Indiana, 65, 324 ; Iowa,
65, 330: Kansas, 65, 338; Kentucky, 65, 342;
Louisiana. 66, 346; Maine, 66, a>3 ; Maryland,
66, 358; Massachusetts, 66, 364 ; Michigan,
66, 376; Minnesota, 66, 382; Mississippi, 66,
387; Missouri. 67, 390; Nebraska, 67, 395;
Nevada, 67, 398 ; New Hampshire, 67, 401 ;
New Jersey, 67, 406; New York, 67, 411:
North Carolina, 67, 421 ; Ohio, 67. 426 ; Ore
gon. 68, 4:33 ; Pennsylvania, 68, 437 ; Rhode
Is land, 68, 445; South Carolina, 68, 449; Ten
nessee, (58, 454 : Texas, 68, 458 ; Vermont,
69,462; Virgin ia, 69, 467 ; West Virginia, 69,
471; Wisconsin, 69, 476; Arizona Territory,
69,484; Colorado Ter., 69, 486; Dakota Ter
69, 489; Idaho Ter., 69, 493; Montana Ter.,
69,497: New Mexico Ter., 69, 500; Utah
Ter., 69, 502; Washington Ter., 69, 504.
GRANT, U. S., nominated for the Presidency,
267 ; letter of acceptance, 266 ; inaugurated,
8J1.
GREAT BRITAIN, postal conventions with, 150 ;
capital, 567 ; area, 567-568; population, 567-
568 ; history, 567 ; statistics of total British
empire, 568; growth of colonial empire,
568-569; increase of population, 569; de
crease in Ireland, 569; emigration. 569; clas
sification of population, 569 ; wealth, 569 ;
pauperism, 569 ; crime, 569; reitrning sov
ereign and family, 570 ; civil list of the queen ,
570; list of Kings of the House of Hanover,
570; government, 570; House of Lords and
House of Commons, 570 ; bills introduced
to Parliament, 570 ; duration of Parliament,
571 ; Cabinet, 571 ; political parties, 571 ; ed
ucation, 571 ; educational statistics, 571-572;
parliamentary grants to education, 572; rev
enue and expenditures, 572; national debt,
572; army, regiments, depots and training
establishments, 573; auxiliary forces, 573;
navy, 573 ; seamen and ships of, 574 ; com
merce, 574 ; imports and exports, 574-576 ;
merchant navy, 576 ; movement of shipping,
576 ; classification of, 576.
GRECO-LATIN LANGUAGES, 538.
GREECE, capital, 576; area, 576; population,
576; history, 576; agriculture, 576; reigning
sovereign and famify,576; government, 577;
Chamber of Representatives, 577; ministry,
577: education, 577; finances — revenue, ex
penditures and debt, 576 ; army and navy,
577; commerce, imports and exports, 577.
GREEK CHURCH, organization of, 615 ; statis
tics, 615.
GUATEMALA, capital, 527; area, 527; popula
tion, 527 ; government, 527 ; legislative
chamber, 527; revenue, expenditures and
public debt, 527 ; army and militia, 527 ; im
ports and exports, 527.
GUNTHER II., Prince of Schwarzburg-Sonder-
ehausen, 563.
GUTIERREZ, SANTOS, president of U. S. of Co
lombia, 529.
GUZMAN, FERNANDO, president of Nicaragua,
5~7.
H.
HAMBURG, area. 563 ; population, 563; Senate
and House of Burgesses, 563; income, ex
penditure and debt, 563; commerce, 564;
army, 564.
HAYTI, capital, 529; area, 529; population, 529;
history, 529; revolution, 529; government,
529; new constitution adopted, 529; minis
ters, 529 ; Senate and House of Commons,
529; revenue and expenditures, 529; debt,
529 ; imports and exports. 529 ; movement
of shipping, 530; army and navy, 530.
HENRY XIV., Prince of Reuss-Schleiz, 562.
HENRY XXII., Prince of Reuss-Greiz, 562.
HESSE, capital, 567 ; area, 567; population, 567;
reigning sovereign and family, 567 ; Upper
and Lower House of Legislature, 567; min
istry, 567 ; revenue, expenditure and debt,
567 : army and fortress of Mentz, 567.
HIGH WATER, at Boston, 20 ; at New York, 20;
at Philadelphia, 21 ; at San Francisco, 21 ;
at 110 places. 48.
HOLLAND, (see Netherlands).
HONDURAS, capital, 527; area, 527; population,
527; government, 527; new constitution
adopted, 527 ; Senate and Legislative Assem
bly, 527; Council of State. 527; revenue,
527; imports and exports, 527.
HONG KONG, postal convention \yith, 151.
HOUSE OF COMMONS of Great Britain, 570.
HOUSE OF LORDS of Great Britain, 570.
HOUSE OF HANOVER, kings of, 570.
812
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[I860.
HOUSE or REPRESENTATIVES of the United
States, 70; speakers of, 0.3-74 ; members of.
74, 261,263; officers of, 74-78 ; committees
of, 76, 262.
I.
IDAHO TERRITORY, Governors of, 69 ; delegate
from, 76 ; assessor and collector of internal
revenue, 99; mail service in, 156; gold and
silver product of, 220, 221.
Capital, 492; area, 492; population, 492;
organization of, 492 ; boundaries, 492 ; gov
ernment, 493; legislature, 493; judiciary,
493; Supreme court, 493; District courts,
493 ; terms of courts, 493 ; finances, 493 ; ter
ritorial indebtedness, 494; education, 494;
school system, 494 ; amount raised for
schools, 494; penal institutions, 494; wealth
and industry, 494 ; character of people, 494 ;
Indian depreciations, 495 ; Surveyor General,
495 ; surveys, 495 ; climate and soil, 495 ;
fruit, 495 ; gold mines, 495, 496 ; silver ore,
496 ; quartz mills, 496 ; banks, 496.
ILLINOIS, Line of sun's eclipse passes through,
13 ; Governors of, 65; U. S. Senators of,
72, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263 ; collectors of customs in, 97 ; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue in, 99 ;
mail service in, 155 ; land grants, 174 ; pen
sioners in, 177, 178; temperature and rain
fall, 186; yield and prices of crops, 187;
prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 196.
Capital, 316; area, 316; population, 316,
322; settlement, 316 ; ceded to the United
States, 316; made a territory, 316 ; constitu
tion framed, 316; admitted to the Union,
316; government, 316; legislature. 316; quali
fication of voters, 316 ; judiciary, 316 ; Su
preme court, 316. 317 ; Circuit courts, 316, 317 ;
Superior court of Chicago, 316, 317; United
States courts, 317; terms of Supreme court,
317; finances, 317; funds, 317; state debt,
318 ; education, 318 ; State Industrial Uni
versity, 318; State superintendent, 319:
County superintendents, 319; trustees of
towns, 319; school directors, 319; teach
ers' certificates, 319; State Normal Uni
versity, 319. 320; teachers' institutes, 319;
public schools, 320; charitable institutions,
320; Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 320,
321 ; Hospital for Insane, 320, 322 ; Institu
tion for Blind, 320, 322; institutions for
Idiots and Imbeciles, 321, 322 ; Soldiers' Or
phans' Home, 321; penitentiary, 321, 322;
labor of convicts, 321 ; soil and situation,
322; minerals, 322; coal fields. 322 ; lead dis
trict, 323; wealth, 323; railroads, 323 ; canal,
323; manufactured products, 323; receipts
and shipments of Chicago, 323 ; products,
323 ; assessment, 323 ; banks, 323 ; votes at
presidential elections, 692.
IMPEACHMENT, articles of, 227 ; vote on, 232.
IMPEACHMENT TRIAL, 225 ; managers of, 232 ;
vote on, 233.
IMPORTS, of New York, 420, 520; of Great
Britain, 575; of France. 552 ; of Russia, 584;
of British India, 594; of China, 595-596; of
Japan, 596 ; (also see each state and country).
INDEPENDENT AMERICAN STATES, 524.
INDIA, (see British India).
INDIAN AFFAIRS, 179; tribes, 181.
INDIANA, Governors of, 65 ; U. S. Senators of,
72, 262 ; Representatives in Congress, 74. 263:
collectors of customs in, 97 ; assessors and
collectors of internal revenue in, 99 ; mail
service in, 155 ; pensioners in, 177, 178: tem
perature and rain-fall, 186 ; average yield and
INDIANA —
prices of crops, 187 ; prices of farm stock,
188 ; colleges in, 196.
Capital, 324; area, 324; population, 324,
328 ; settlement, 324 ; organized, 324 ; con
stitution adopted, 324; admitted into the
Union, 324; government, 324; legislature,
324; qualifications of voters, 324; judiciary.
324; United States courts, 324; Supreme
court of the State, 324; Circuit courts, 325 ;
terms of courts, 325 ; finances, 325 ; State
debt, 325 ; education, 325 ; Superintendent
of Public Instruction, 326 ; county commis
sioners, 326; trustees of towns, 326; State
Normal School, 326; city training schools,
326 ; teachers' institutes, 32(5 ; school fund,
326 : public schools, 326 ; school revenues,
326 ; charitable institutions, 327; Asylum for
the Deaf and Dumb, 327, 328 ; Institution for
the Blind, 327, 328; Asylum for the Insane,
327, 328 ; Soldiers' and Seamens' Home, 327,
328; State prisons, 327, 328; labor of con
victs, 327; House of Refuge, 328; wealth
and industry. 328; nativity of foreign born
population, 328; farms, 32S; live stock, 329;
wine, 329; manufactures, 329; coal fields,
329; minerals, 329 ; railroads, 329 ; value of
property and products, 329 ; banks, 329 ; votes
at presidential elections, 700.
INDIANS, number of, 179 ; difficulties with, 179.
INDIAN TERRITORY, Capital, 496 : area, 496 ; pop
ulation 496 ; situation, 496 ; its relations to
the United States Government, 496; treaties
with Indians, 496; character of the country,
wild animals, 497; civilized Indians, 497.
INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, 538.
INSANE HOSPITALS, (see each state).
INSPECTOR GENERALS, 111.
INTERNAL REVENUE, commissioner of, 96:
special commissioner of, 96; assessors and
collectors of, 99.
IOWA, Line of sun's eclipse passes through, 13 ;
Governors of, 65; U. S. Senators of, 72,262;
Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; col
lectors of customs, 97; assessors and col
lectors of internal revenue, 100 ; mail service
in, 155 ; land grants, 174 ; pensioners in, 177 ;
temperature and rain-fall, 186 ; average yield
and prices of crops, 187 ; prices of farm
stock, 188; colleges in. 198.
Capital, 330; area, 330; population, 330,
336 ; purchased from France, 330 ; settle
ment, 330 ; organized as a territory, 330 ; ad
mitted into the Union, 330; government;
330 ; State militia, 330 ; legislature, 330 ;
qualification of voters, 330; judiciary, 330;
Supreme court, 330, 331 ; District courts,
331 ; United States courts, 331 ; terms of
Supreme court, 331 ; finances, 331 ; condition
of principal funds, 332 ; resources of the
State, 332; State indebtedness, 332; educa
tion, 332 ; State university, 332 ; colleges and
universities, 3:33; agricultural college, 333;
Superintendent of Public Instruction, 333 ;
county superintendents, 333 ; normal in
struction, 333 ; teachers' institutes, 333 ; pub
lic schools, 333 ; charitable institutions, 334 ;
Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 334, 335 ; In
stitution for the Blind, 334, 335 ; Hospital for
Insane, 335; Soldiers' Orphans' Home, 335;
penitentiary, 335, 336 ; wealth and industry,
336 ; increase in real estate, 336 ; agriculture,
336: minerals, 337 ; manufactures, 337; table
of cultivated land and products, 337 ; land
grants, 337 ; banks and railroads, 337; news
papers, 337; insurance, 337; votes at presi
dential elections, 706.
1869.]
GENERAL INDEX.
813
IKON, in Alabama, 280 ; in Arkansas, 284 ; in
Connecticut, 302; in Illinois, 323 ; in Iowa,
337 ; in Michigan, 381 ; in Missouri, 394, 654 ;
in Nevada, 401; in New Jersey, 410; in
North Carolina, 426 ; in Ohio, 432 ; in Ore
gon, 654; in Pennsylvania, 444, 654 ; in Ten
nessee, 457 ; in Texas, 461 ; in New York,
420; in Virginia, 471 : in West Virginia, 475 ;
in Wisconsin, 481 ; in Alaska, 484 ; in Ari
zona, 486 ; in Colorado, 489, 654 ; in Dakota,
492 ; in New Mexico, 502 ; history of, 652 ;
method of producing, 653; product of, 654;
imports of, 654.
ISABELLA II., Queen of Spain, 585.
ISMAIL, PACHA, Viceroy of Egypt, 599.
ITALY, capital, 577; area, 577; population, 577;
history, 577; treaty of Villa Franca, 577;
population of principal cities, 577; reigning
sovereign and family, 578 ; government, 578 ;
Senate and House of Deputies, 578; minis
try, 578; education, 578 ; universities, 578;
revenue, expenditures and debt, 578; army
and fortresses, 578 ; navy, 578 ; commerce,
imports and exports, 578; products, 579;
railroads, newspapers, savings banks, 579.
J.
JACOBITES, 615.
JAMAICA, 536 ; area, 536 ; divisions, 536 ; gov
ernment, 536 ; legislative council, 536 ; ex
ports, 536 ; revenue, 536.
JAPAN, 596 ; capital, 596 ; area and population,
596; ports open to aliens, 596; chief cities,
596 ; government, 596 ; war between Mikado
and Tycoon, 596; Daimios, 596: army, 596;
expansion of commerce, 596 ; imports and
exports, 596.
JAVA, 596; area, 596; population, 596 ; restored
to the Netherlands, 596; slavery abolished,
596 ; government, 596 ; division, 596 ; rev
enue, 596 ; army and navy, 597 ; trade and
exports, 597.
JEWISH, calendar, 9 ; year, 9 ; months, 9.
JEWS, 609.
JIMENEZ, JESUS, president of Costa Rica, 527.
JOHN I., King of Saxony, 558.
JOHN II., Prince of Liechtenstein, 567.
JUAREZ, BENITO. president of Mexico, 5:30.
JUDICIARY OF THE UNITED STATES, 146; su
preme court, 147 ; circuit courts, 147 ; dis
trict courts, 147 ; court of claims, 147 ; (of
the several states and territories, see under
each).
K.
KANSAS, Governors of, 65; U. S. Senators of,
72, 262 ; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263;
assessor and collector of internal revenue,
100 ; mail service in, 155 ; land grants, 174 ;
pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain
fall, 186 ; average yield and prices of crops,
187 ; prices of farm stock, 188 ; colleges in,
198.
Capital, 338; area, 338; population, 338,
341 ; purchased from France, 338 ; admitted
to the Union, 338 ; government, &38 ; legis
lature, 338 ; qualification of voters, 338 ; judi
ciary, 338 ; Supreme court of the State, 338.
339 ; United States courts. 338 ; District
courts, 339 ; finances, 339 ; State debt, .339 ;
education, 339; Lawrence University, &39;
Superintendent of Public Instruction, 339 ;
county superintendents,339 ; Normal School,
339, 340; public schools, 340; charitable in
stitutions, 340; Asylum for Deaf and Dumb,
340 ; Asylum for Insane, 340 ; Institution for
KANSAS —
the Blind, 340 ; wealth and industry, 341 ;
immigration, 341 ; settlement of the slavery
question, 341 ; soil, 341 ; building material,
341 ; climate, 341 ; live stock, 341 ; minerals,
341; surveys, 341; manufactures, 342; rail
roads, products, 342 ; banks, 342 ; votes at
presidential elections, 732.
KENTUCKY, Governors of, 65 ; U. S. Senators
of, 72, 262 ; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263 ; collectors of customs, 98 ; asstes^ors and
collectors of internal revenue, 100 ; mail
service in, 155 ; land grants, 174 • pensioners
in, 177 ; temperature and rain-fall, 186 ; aver
age yield and prices of crops, 187 ; prices of
farm stock, 188; colleges in, 198.
Capital. 342; area. 342; population, 342,
345; settlement, 342; admitted into the
Union, 342; government, 342; legislature,
342; qualification of voters, 343; judiciary,
343 ; court of appeals, 343 ; Circuit courts,
343; United States courts, 343; finances,
343; State debt, 343; education, 344; Ken
tucky University, 344 ; State Superintendent
of Public Instruction, 344 ; charitable insti
tutions, 344 ; Institution for Deaf Mutes, 344,
345; Insane asylums, 344. 345; Institution
for the Blind, 344 ; Institution for Feeble
minded children, 344, 345; penitentiary. 344,
345 ; wealth and industry, 345 ; soil and hus
bandry, 346 ; minerals, 346 ; trade, 346 ; pro
ducts, 346 ; assessment, 346 ; votes at presi
dential elections, 708.
KI-TSIANG, Emperor of China, 595.
L.
LAND BUREAU, 169 ; established, 170.
LAND CLAIMS, 174.
LAND GRANTS, for educational purposes, 193 ;
for agricultural and scientific schools, 212 ;
for internal improvements, 174.
LAND WARRANTS, 172.
LANGUAGE, of American states. 522, 523; Eng
lish, 523 ; Spanish, spoken in New Mexico,
501; use of in American states, 523; French,
spoken in America, 524 ; German, spoken in
America, 524 ; Portuguese, spoken in Amer
ica, 524.
LANGUAGES of Europe, 538.
LATITUDE, table of, 50—58.
LAW SCHOOLS, 208.
LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES, abstracts of, 246.
LEAD, in Arkansas, 284 : in Illinois, 323, 658 ;
in Iowa, 336 ; in Kentucky, 346 ; in Mis
souri, 658; in Virginia, 471 ; in Wisconsin,
481 ; in Montana, 500; in New Mexico, 502;
historv of, 657 ; product, 658.
LEGAL TENDER NOTES, 241 ; provision regard
ing, 639 j issued, redeemed and outstanding,
243 ; depreciation of, 639.
LENGTH and increase of days, 22 — 24.
LEOPOLD, Duke of Anhalt. 409.
LEOPOLD II. King of the Belgians. 544.
LEOPOLD II. Prince of Lippe-Detmold. 562.
LETTER of acceptance of Gen. U. S. Grant, 266 ;
of Schuyler Colfax, 266; of Horatio Sey
mour, 270; of F. Blair, Jr., 273.
LIBERIA, 600 ; capital, 600 ; area. 600 ; popula
tion, 600; constitution, 600; President, 600;
revenue and expenditure, 600 ; exports, 600 ;
coast traders, (500.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 214 ; additions to, 214 ;
rooms of, 215: number of volumes in, 215;
of Patent Office, 182.
LIECHTENSTEIN, 567 ; area, 567 : population,
567; reigning sovereign and family, 567;
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1SC9.
LIECHTENSTEIN —
immense private property, 567; House of
Representatives. 5(>7 ; voters, 5(57.
LIEUTENANT COLONELS, 111—120.
LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS, 133 — 135.
LIEUTENANT GENERAL, 111.
LIEUTENANTS, 134.
LIGHTHOUSE BOARD, 96, 105.
LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICTS and officers, 105.
LIPPE DETMOLD, capital, 562 ; area, 562; pop
ulation, 562 ; reigning sovereign and family,
562; government, 562; revenue, expendi
tures, and debt. 562; troops, 562.
LIST of vessels in the U. S. Navy, 136—145.
LITERATURE and literary influences of the day,
essay on, 659.
LONGITUDE, table of, 50 — 58.
LOPEZ, FRANCISCO SOLANO, President of Par
aguay, 531.
Louis I. King of Portugal, 581.
Louis II. King of Bavaria, 564.
Louis I II. Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, 567.
LOUISIANA, Governors of, 66 ; U. S. Senators of,
172, 262 ; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 100 ; mili
tary department of, 125 ; mail service in, 155 ;
first grant of swamp lands to, 173; land
grants, 174; pensioners in, 177; temperature
aud rain-fall, 186 ; average yield and prices
of crops, 187; prices of Farm stock, 188; col
leges in, 198 ; reconstruction of, 234, 248.
Capital, 346; area, 346; population, 346,
351; settlement, 346; ceded to the United
States, 346; ordinance of secession, 346;
new constitution ratified, 346 ; government,
347 ; legislature, 347 ; qualification of voters,
347 ; judiciary, 347 ; Supreme court and Dis
trict courts, 347, 348 ; United States courts,
348; finances, 348; State debt, 348; educa
tion. 349 ; university, 349 ; State Superinten
dent of Public Instruction, 349 ; school fund,
349 ; Normal School, 349 ; school statistics
of New Orleans, 349 ; charitable institutions,
349 ; agricultural resources, 352 ; timber, 352 ;
value of land. 352; commerce, 352 ; products,
352 ; banks, 352 ; votes at presidential elec
tions, 722.
LUBECK, area and population, 564 ; Senate and
House of Burgesses, 564; High Court of Ap
peal for the free cities of Germany, 564;
finances, 564 ; commerce, 564 ; troops, 564.
LUTHERANS, in the United States, 618, 619 ; in
Europe, 619; in Asia, Africa, and Austra
lia, 619.
LUXEMBURG, capital, 579 ; area, 579 ; popula
tion, 579; history, 579; treaty of London,
579 ; government. 579 ; Diet, 579 ; revenue,
expenditures, and debt, 579.
M.
MADAGASCAR, capital, 600 : area, 600 ; popula
tion, 600 ; early history, (500 ; persecutions
arid advancement of Christianity, 600; gov
ernment, 600.
MAGNETIC NEEDLE, declination of, obtained, 49.
MAINE, Governors of. 66; U. S. Senators of,
172, 263; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 100 ;
mail service in, 155 : pensioners in, 177 ;
temperature and rain-fail, 186; average yield
and prices of crops, 187 ; prices of farm
stock, 188: colleges in. 198.
Capital, 353: area, .353; population, 353,
357; settlement, 353; admitted to the Union,
MAINE —
353; government, 353; legislature, 353;
qualifications of voters, 353; judiciary, 353:
Supreme court of the. state, 353, 354 ; United
States courts, ar>4; terms of supreme court,
354; finances, 354 ; chief sources of revenue,
354; expenditures, 354; resources of the
state, 354 ; liabilities of the state, 355 ; state
debt, 355; education, 355; colleges, 355;
Superintendent of common schdbls, 355;
Normal Schools, 355 ; public schools, 355;
charitable institutions. 356; Hospital for
the Insane, 356 ; State Reform School, 356 ;
Industrial School for girls, 356 ; state prison,
356; wealth and industry, 357: immigration,
357; harbors, 357; lumber business, 357;
ship building, 357; water power, 357; manu
factures, 357; agriculture, 357; products,
357 ; banks, 357 ; railroads, 357 ; votes at
Presidential elections, 670.
MAJORS, 111—120.
MAJOR GENERALS, 111.
MANUFACTURES exempted from internal rev
enue tax, 247.
MARINE CORPS, 136.
MARS, disc of, 15; evening star, 15; ephemeris
of, 16, 17 ; situation of, 23—45 ; diameter, 47 ;
distance from sun, 47 ; revolution and rota
tion on axis, 47.
MARYLAND, Governors of, 66 ; U. S. Senators
of, 172, 263; Representatives in Congress,
74,263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 100;
mail service in, 155; pensioners in, 177;
temperature and rain-fall. 186 ; average yield
and prices of crop?, 187 : prices of farm
stock, 188; colleges in. 198.
Capital, 358; area, 358; population. 358,
363 ; settlement, 358 ; United Stales consti
tution ratified, 358 ; government, 358 ; legis
lature, 358; qualification of voters, 359;
court of Appeals, 359 ; Circuit courts, 359 ;
Baltimore city courts, 359, 360; United
States courts, 359; terms of courts, 360;
finances, 360; chief sources of revenue, 360;
disbursements, 3(!1 ; state debt, 361 ; educa
tion, 361 ; colleges, 361 ; St. John's college,
361 ; supervision of public schools, 361 ;
Board of county school commissioners, 361 ;
school district boards, 361 ; Normal School,
362 ; teachers' institutes, 362 ; common
schools, 362; charitable institutions, 362;
Hospital for the Insane, 362: penitentiary,
362 ; wealth and industry, 363 ; soil and cli
mate, 363; flour, 363; fruit, 363; commerce,
363; oysters, 363; products, 363; banks,
363; votes at Presidential elections, 684.
MASSACHUSETTS, Governors of, 66; U. S. Sena
tors, 72, 262; Representatives in Congress,
74, 263 ; collectors of customs. 98 ; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 100;
mail service in, 155 ; pensioners in, 177 ;
temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield
and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm
stock, 188 ; colleges in, 198.
Capital, 364; area, 364; population, 364,
374; settlement, 364; United States consti
tution ratified, 364; government, 364; ex
ecutive council, 364; state militia, 364; legis
lature, 364; qualification of voters, 364;
judiciary, 365 ; Supreme court, 365 ; Superior
court, 365; United States courts, 365; dis
trict attorneys, 365 ; terms of Supreme
court, 365; finances, 366; state debt, 366;
chief sources of revenue, 366 ; ordinary ex
penses, 367; trust funds, 367; education,
368; Harvard University, 368; Lawrence
1869.]
GENERAL INDEX.
815
MASSACHUSETTS—
Scientific School, 368 ; Board of Education,
368; school committees, 368; Normal
Schools, 368, 369: school statistics, 368;
charitable institutions, 369 ; Lunatic Hospi
tals, 369, 371; Almshouses, 369, 371; State
Reform School, 370, 371 ; Industrial school
for girls, 370, 371 ; School for Idiotic and
Feeble-minded youth, 370, 372; Nautical
School, 370, 372; criminal statistics, 372;
state prison, 372; county and city prisons,
372 ; receipts and expenditures of charitable
institutions for 1867, 373 ; wealth and indus
try, 374; statistics of population, 374; in
dustrial statistics, 374; corporations, 375;
periodicals, 375; assessments, 375; banks,
375; insurance companies, 375; votes at
Presidential elections, 676.
MAYO, Earl, Governor General of India, 594.
MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, capital, 559 ; area,
559 ; population, 559 ; character of the coun
try 559 ; reigning sovereign and family, 559 ;
Slavonic origin, 559; government, 559; edu
cation, 559 ; finances, 559 ; army, 559.
MECKLENBUHG-STRELITZ, capital, 560; area,
560; population and emigration, 560; reign
ing sovereign and family, 560 ; Diet, 560 ;
revenue, 560'; army, 560.
MEDICAL colleges and schools, 206.
MEDICAL Department of the army, 112.
MEDINA, JOSE MARIA, Pres. of Honduras, 529.
MELGAREJO, MARIANO, 525.
MEMBERS, of Fortieth Congress, 71, 261 ; of
Forty-first Congress, 262—264; political clas
sification of, 261.
MERCHANDISE, duties levied on, 236 ; sales of,
238, 239.
MERCURY, rising and setting of, 10; when
brightest, 10; diameter, 47; distance from
sun, 47 ; revolution, 47.
METHODIST CHURCH, 620; denominations, in
Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, 621.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH in the United
States, 619, 620; annual conferences in, 620;
Church South, 620; African and Zion Chur
ches, 620.
MEXICO, 530 ; capital, 530 ; area, 530 ; popula
tion, 530 ; history, 530 ; list of rulers, 530 ;
statistics of races, 530; government, 530;
ministry, 531 ; constitution, 531; Senate and
House of Representatives, 531 ; revenue and
expenditures 531 ; debt, 531 ; exports and
imports, 531 ; produce of silver, 531 ; rail
way, 531 ; army, 531.
MICHIGAN, Governors of, 66; U. S. Senators,
72, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74,
263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 101 ;
mail service in, 155; land grants in, 174,
248; pensioners in, 177; temperature and
rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of
crops, 187 ; prices of farm stock, 188 ; col
leges in, 198.
Capital, 376; area, 376; population, 376,
381 ; settlement, 376 ; ceded to the United
States, 376; admitted to the Union, 376;
government, 376; legislature, 376; qualifica
tion of voters, 376; judiciary, 376; Supreme
court, 376, 377; Circuit courts, 376, 377;
United States courts, 377 : terms of Supreme
court, 377; finances, 377; state debt, 378;
education, 378 ; University of Michigan, 378,
379 ; Agricultural college, 378 ; Normal
School, 378, 379; Superintendent of public
instruction, 379; teachers' institutes, 379;
school funds, 379 ; public schools, 379 ; pri
vate schools, 379; charitable institutions,
MICHIGAN —
379 ; Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind,
379, 380; Asylum for the Insane, 380: state
prison, 380 ; State Reform School, 380 ; De
troit House of Correction, 380 ; wealth and
industry, 381 ; divisions of the state, 381 ;
climate, 381 ; minerals, 381 ; commerce, 381 ;
products, 381 ; railroads, 382 ; manufactures,
382: banks, 382; votes at Presidential elec
tions, 724.
MIDSHIPMEN, number at Naval Academy, 130 ;
candidates for, 130 ; qualifications, 130 ; ex
amination, 131 ; advancement of, 131.
MILAN OBRENOVITCH, Prince of Servia, 591.
MILITARY divisions, districts, and departments,
124, 802.
MINING, 641.
MINISTERS resident, 82.
MINNESOTA, line of sun's eclipse passes through,
13; Governors of, 66; U. S. Senators, 72,
262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263;
collectors of customs, 98 ; assessors and col
lectors of internal revenue, 101 ; mail ser
vice in, 155 ; land grants in, 174, 251 ; pen
sioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall,
186 ; average yield and prices of crops, 187 ;
prices of farm stock, 188 ; colleges in, 198.
Capital, 382; area, 382; population, 382,
386; settlement, 382; organized as a terri
tory, 382; admitted into the Union, 382;
government, 382; legislature, 382; qualifi
cation of voters, 382; judiciary, 383; Su
preme court, 383; District courts. 383; Uni
ted States court, 383; terms of Supreme
court, 383; finances, 383; sources of reve
nue, 383; disbursements, 384; funded debt,
384; education, 384 ; school lands, 384-385 ;
State University, 384; Superintendent of
Public Instruction, 384; Normal School, 385;
teachers' institutes, 385; public schools,
385; charitable institutions, 385; Institution
for Deaf and Dumb, 386; Hospital for the
Insane, 38(5; state prison, 386; wealth and
industry, 386 ; advantageous situation, 387 ;
agriculture, 387 ; minerals,387 ; forests, pro
ducts, 387 ; steamboats, 387 ; water-power,
387; votes at Presidential elections, 734.
MINT OF THE UNITED STATES, (see U.S. Mint,
218).
MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS, Progress of Agricnl-
turej 621—629 ; Currency and Finance, 630;
Mining, 641 ; Literature and Literary influ
ences of the Day, 659.
MISSISSIPPI, Governors of, 66; collectors of
customs, 98 ; assessors and collectors of in
ternal revenue, 101; mail service in, 155;
land grants, 174; temperature and rain-fall,
186 ; average yield and prices of crops, 187 ;
prices of farm stock, 188 ; colleges in, 198 ;
reconstruction in, 234, 248.
Capital, 387; area, 387; population, 387,
390: settlement, 387; admitted to the Union,
387; ordinance of secession adopted, 387;
repealed, 387 ; government, 388 ; legislature,
388; qualification of voters, 388; judiciary,
388 ; High court of Errors and Appeals, 388 ;
Circuit courts, 388, 389; Chancery courts,
388; United States courts, 388; terms of
courts, 389; finances, 389; education, 389;
colleges and academies, 389; charitable in
stitutions, 389: Asylum for the Blind, 3S9»;
penitentiary, 389; cotton, 390; other pro
ducts, 390 ; votes at Presidential elections,
720.
MISSOURI, Governors of, 67; U. S. Senators,
72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 74,
264 ; collector of customs in, 98 ; assessors
81(3
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
MISSOURI—
and collectors of internal revenue, 101 ; mili
tary department of, 1*24; mail service in,
155 ; hind grants to, 174 ; pensioners in, 177,
178 ; temperature and rain-fall, 186 ; average
yield and prices of crops, 187 ; prices of
farm stock, 188 ; colleges in, 198.
Capital, 390; area, 390; population, 390,
394; settlement, 390; ceded to the United
States, 390; admitted to the Union, 390;
new constitution ratified, 390; government,
390; legislature, 390 ; qualilication of voters,
391 ; judiciary, 391 ; Supreme court, 391 ;
Circuit and District courts, 391; United
States courts, 391 ; terms of courts, 391 ;
finances, 391 ; state debt, 392; education,
392 ; State University, 392 ; Normal Schools,
392; State Superintendent, 392; boards of
education, 392 ; county superintendent, 392 ;
public school fund, 392; public schools, 392;
schools of St. Louis, 393 ; charitable insti
tutions, 393; Institution for the Blind, 393;
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, 393 ; Asylum
for the Insane, 393 ; penitentiary, 393, 394 ;
wealth and industry, 394 ; soil and agricul
ture, 394; vineyards, 394; minerals, 394;
position, 395 ; manufactures, 395 ; tonnage,
395; products, 395; votes at Presidential
elections, 716.
MOHAMMKDAN, calendar, 10 ; year, 10 ; months,
10 ; countries, G10.
MOHAMMEDANS, number of, 609.
MONASTIC ORDERS, 615.
MONEY order system, 154.
MONTANA TERRITORY, Governors of, 69 ; dele
gate from, 76; assessor and collector of in
ternal revenue, 101 ; gold and silver product
of, 220, 221.
Capital, 497 ; area, 497 ; population, 497,
499 ; organization, 497 ; boundaries, 497 ;
government, 497; judiciary, 497; Supreme
court, 497, 498 ; Probate courts, 497 ; finances,
498; expenditures, 498; public debt, 498;
education, 498; Superintendent of Public
Instruction, 498; county superintendents,
498 ; school returns, 498 ; wealth and in
dustry, 499 ; immigration, 499 ; Surveyor
General, 499 ; character of the country, 499 ;
stock raising, 499; silver and gold mines,
499 ; other minerals, 500 ; assessed value of
property, 500 ; banks, 500.
MONTENEGRO, reigning prince of, 591 ; popula
tion, 591 ; army, 591.
MOON, eclipses of, 11, 12, 14; longitude of, 19;
phases of, 23-45 ; rising and setting of, 23-45.
MORAVIANS, 621.
MORNING STARS, 15.
MUSEUM, Agricultural, 184.
MURPHY, GOVERNOR, of Arkansas, remarks
upon the condition of education, 283.
N.
NAPOLEON III. Charles Louis, Emperor of the
French, 548.
NAPSAR-ED Dm, Shah of Persia, 597.
NATAL, area and population, 600 ; erected to a
separate government, 600; revenue and ex
penditures, 600; imports and exports, 600.
NATIONAL BANKS, 242; notes of, 2-42; taxation
of, 243 ; money reserve of, 244.
NATIONAL DEBT, 240, 244, 635, 637, 640, 642.
NATIONAL PLATFORMS of 1868, Republican, 265 ;
Soldiers' and Sailors' at Chicago, 266; Dem
ocratic, 268 ; Soldiers' and Sailors' at New
York, 269.
NATIONAL SOCIETIES, 223.
NAVAL CONSTRUCTORS, 136.
NAVAL FORCE, 138, 145.
NAVY AND ARMY, 106.
NAVY DEPARTMENT, (see dejtartment of the
Navy); list, 132; grades of ofiicers, 132;
retired list, 135 ; marine corps, 136 ; resig
nations, deaths and dismissals, 136.
NAVY PENSIONS, 176, 178.
NAVY yards and shore stations, 140.
NAVY of Great Britain, 573 ; governed by 573-
strength of, B74.
NEBRASKA, Governors of, 67 ; U. S. Senators
of, 72, 263; Representative in Congress, 75,
264; assessor and collector of internal re
venue, 101 ; mail service in, 155; land grants
to, 174; pensioners in, 177; temperature and
rain-fall of, 186; average yield and prices of
crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188.
Capital, 395; area, 395; population, 395,
397 ; settlement, 395 ; admitted to the union,
395; government, 395; legislature, 395; qual
ification of voters, 396; judiciary, 396; Su
preme court, 396; District courts, 396; Unit
ed States courts, 396; finances, 396; sinking
fund, 396 ; education, 397 ; Board of Educa
tion, 397; Superintendent of Public Instruc
tion, 397 ; Normal School, 397 ; wealth and
industry, 397; timber, 397; stock-raising,
397; coal-beds, 397 ; products, 397; banks,
397 ; votes at presidential elections, 733.
NESTORIANS, 615.
NETHERLANDS, 579; capital, 579; area, 579;
population, 579; history, 579; reigning sov
ereign and family, 579; House of Orange-
Nassau, 579; Legislative Chambers, 579;
ministry, 580; education, universities, 580;
revenue, expenditure and debt, 580; army
and navy, 580 ; commerce, imports and ex
ports, 580; colonial statistics, 580.
NEVADA, Governors of, 67; U. S. Senators of,
72, 263 ; Representatives of, 75, 264 ; assess
or and collector of internal revenue, 101 ;
mail service in, 155 ; land grants to, 174, 400 ;
gold and silver produced, 220.
Capital, 398; area, 398; population, 398,
400; ceded to the United States, 398; settle
ments, 398; admitted to the union, 398;
boundaries, 398 ; government, 398 ; legisla
ture, 398 ; qualification of voters, 398 ; judi
ciary, 398; Supreme court, 398; District
courts, 398; terms of courts, 398; United
States courts, 398 ; finances, 399 ; state debt,
399 ; education, 399 ; Board of Education,
399 ; Superintendent of Public Instruction,
399; county superintendents, 399; boards
of trustees, 399: boards of examiners, 399;
charitable institutions, 400; prison, 400:
wealth and industry, 400; immigration, 400;
Indians, 400; surface, 400; forests, 400; min
ing, 400; Sutro tunnel, 400; salt, 401 ; mills
for crushing ores, 401 ; votes at presidential
elections, 735.
NEW HAMPSHIRE, Governors of, 67; U.S. Sen
ators of, 72, 263 ; Representatives in Con
gress, 75, 264; collector of customs in, 98;
assessors and collectors of internal revenue,
101; mail service in, 155; pensioners in,
177; temperature and rain-fall, 186; average
yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of
farm stock, 188; college in, 200.
Capital, 401 ; area, 401 ; population, 401,
405; settlement, 401 ; United States consti
tution ratified, 401 ; government, 401 ; legis
lature, 402; qualification of voters, 402 ; ju
diciary, 402; Supreme court, 402; United
States courts, 402; terms of Supreme court,
402; finances, 403; state debt, 403 ; literary
1869.]
GENERAL INDEX.
817
NEW HAMPSHIRE —
fund, 404; education. 404; Dnrtmonth Col
lege. 404; Agricultural Collie, 404; Super
intendent of Public Instruction, 404; school
committees, 404' teachers' conventions, 404;
public schools, 404: charitable institutions,
405 ; Asylum tor the Insane, 405 ; Reform
School, 405; state prison, 405 ? wealth and
industry, 405; agriculture, 406; manufac
tures, 406; lumber, 406; farms, 406; pro
ducts, 406 ; banks, 406 ; votes at presidential
elections, 670.
NEW JERSEY, Governors of, 67; U.S. Senators
of, 72, 263 ; Representatives in Congress, 75,
264; collectors of customs in, 98; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 101 ; mail
service in, 155; pensioners in, 177, 178; tem
perature and rain-fall of, 186 ; average yield
and prices of crops, 187 ; prices of farm
stock, 188; colleges in, 200.
Capital, 406; area, 406: population, 406,
410; settlement, 406; United States consti
tution ratified, 406; government, 406; legis
lature, 407; qualification of voters, 407 ; mi
litia, 407; judiciary, 407; Supreme court,
407; court of Errors and Appeals, 407; Unit
ed States courts, 407 ; terms of courts, 407 ;
finances, 408; state debt, 408; education,
408; Princeton College, 408 ; Board of Edu
cation, 408; Superintendent of Public In
struction, 408; county superintendents, 408;
board of examiners, 408; Normal School,
409 ; public schools, 409; charitable institu
tions, 409 ; Lunatic Asylum, 409 ; Home for
disabled soldiers, 409 ; Soldiers' Children's
Home, 409, 410; state prison, 409, 410 ; wealth
and industry, 410 ; garden products, 410 ;
zinc and marl, 410; manufactures, 410; pro
ducts, 410; banks, 410; railroads, 410; votes
at presidential elections, 672.
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH, 621.
NEW MEXICO, Governors of, 69 ; delegates from,
76; assessor and collector of internal rev
enue, 101: mail service in, 155; gold and
silver product of, 220, 221.
Capital, 500; area, 500; population, 500 ;
settlement, 500 ; ceded to the United States,
500; constituted a territory, 500; govern
ment, 500; legislature, 500; judiciary, 500;
Supreme and District courts, 501 ; education,
501 : schools, 501 ; Spanish dialect, 501 ;
wealth and industry, 501 ; productions, 501 ;
mining operations, 501 ; salt, 502.
NEW SOUTH WALES, area, 601 ; population, 601 ;
immigrants, 601; parliament, 601; schools,
601 ; revenue, expenditure and debt, 601 ;
trade, imports and exports, 601 ; coal, 601.
NEW YORK, Governors of, 67 5 U. S. Senators,
72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 75,
264; collectors of customs, 98; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 101, 102;
mail service in, 155 ; pensioners in, 177, 178 ;
temperature and rain-fall of, 186; average
yield and prices of crops, 187 ; prices of farm
stock, 188; colleges in, 200.
Capital, 411 ; area, 411 ; population, 411,
419 ; settlement, 411 ; United States consti
tution ratified, 411 ; state constitution adopt
ed, 411 ; government, 411 ; Governor's staff,
411 ; legislature. 411 ; judiciary, 412 ; court
for Trial of Impeachments, 412; court of
Appeals, 412, 413; Supreme court, 412, 413;
County courts, 412; Criminal courts, 412;
United States courts, 413 ; terms of courts,
413 ; finances, 413 ; general and other funds,
414 ; state debt, 414 ; canal fund, 414 ; canal
debt paying interest, 414 ; education, 414 ;
52
Regents Of the University of the State of
New York, 414 ; University Convocation,
415 ; Columbia College, 415 ; other colleges
and universities, 415; Superintendent of
Public Instruction, 415; school commission
ers, 415 ; Normal Schools, 415 ; teachers in
stitutes, 416; public schools, 416; private
schools, 416; charitable institutions, 416;
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 416, 417;
Institution for the Blind, 417 ; Asylum for
Idiots, 417 ; Lunatic Asylums, 417 ; Inebri
ate Asylum 417, 418; Western House of
Refuge, 418, state prisons, 418, 419 ; wealth
and industry, 419 ; arrivals of foreigners, 419 ;
agriculture, 420 ; receipts for customs, 420;
canals and railroads, 420 ; minerals 420 ; pro*-
ducts, 420 ; banks, 242, 244, 420 ; insurance
companies, 420; imports, 420; votes at presi
dential elections, 678.
NEW YORK CITY, 516 : area of Manhattan Isl
and, 516; population, 516, 521 ; government,
516; board of aldermen, 516; board of as
sistant aldermen, 516; board of supervisors,
516 ; commissioners of charities and correc
tions, 516; executive departments, 517; ex
ecutive county officers, 517 ; commissioners
of Central Park, 517 ; Metropolitan police
department, 517, Courts, 517; Police courts,
517; Criminal courts of record, 518; Civil
courts, 518; fire department, 518 ; board of
health, 518; Croton aqueduct, 518; educa
tion, 518; school officers, 518; periodicals
and libraries, 518 ; churches, 518; charitable
institutions, 519, 521 : post office, 519"; rev
enue officers, 519 ; military, 519 ; banks, 519 ;
insurance companies, 519 ; number of man
ufacturing and mining companies, 519 ; city
railroads and ferries, 519 ; imports and ex
ports, 520; arrivals of steamers, ships, &c.,
520 ; valuation of taxable property, 520 ; ap
propriations, 520; amount of tax, 521 ; im
migration, 521 ; representation in the State
Legislature and in Congress, 521.
NEW ZEALAND, area, 601 ; population, 601 ; par
liament, 601; revenue, expenditures and
debt, 601 ; industry, 601.
NICARAGUA, capital, 527; area, 527; population,
527 ; government, 527 ; divisions, 527 ; reve
nue, expenditures and debt, 527; imports
and exports, 527.
NICHOLAS I, Prince of Montenegro, 591.
NOMINATION of President and Vice President,
267, 272.
NORMAL schools, 210.
NORMAL and Training schools, 210.
NORTH CAROLINA, line of sun's eclipse passes
through, 13; Governors of, 67; U. S. Sena
tors, 72, 263 ; Representatives in Congress,
75, 264 ; collectors of customs in, 98 ; asses
sors and collectors of intenial revenue in,
102 ; mail service in, 155 ; temperature and
rain-fall of, 186 ; average yield and prices of
crops, 187 ; prices of farm stock, 188 ; col
leges in, 200; gold product, 221.
Capital, 421 ; area, 421 : population, 421,
425 ; settlement, 421 ; United States consti
tution ratified, 421 ; secession of, 421 ; re-ad
mitted to the union, 421 ; government, 421 ;
legislature, 421 ; qualification of voters, 422 ;
judiciary, 422; Supreme court, 422, 423 ; Su
perior court, 422, 423 ; United States courts,
423; terms of courts, 423; finances, 423;
state debt, 423; education, 424 ; State Uni
versity, 424; Board of Education, 424; pub
lic school system, 424 ; literary fund, 424 ;
Superintendent of Public Instruction, 424;
818
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
NORTH CAROLINA—
charitable institutions, 424 ; Insane Asylum,
425; Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 4-25;
state prison, 425 ; wealth and industry, 425 ;
divisions of, 42(5 ; fisheries, 42(5 ; minerals,
42(5 ; products, 42(5 ; manufactures, 42(5 ; banks,
426 ; votes at presidential elections, 686.
NORTH GERMANY, 554; area and population,
(see Germany) ; government, 554 ; new con
stitution, 554; federal council and parlia
ment, 554 ; finances, 555 ; expenditures and
revenue, 555 ; army and navy, 555.
NORWAY, capital, 587; area, 587; population,
587 ; government, 587 ; democratic constitu
tion, 587; the Storthing, 587 ; education, 587;
finances, 587; army and navy, 588; imports
and exports, 588; commercial navy, 588.
NOTES, legal tender, 241 ; of National banks,
242.
o.
OBITUARIES, Abbott, Amos, 773 ; Adler, George
J., 773; Allen, Wm., D. D., 773; Andrea,
Jerome de, 773 ; Andrews, Timothy P., 773 ;
Asboth, Alexander, 773.
Baker, Lafayette C., 773; Baraga, Freder
ick, D. D., 774; Baugher, Henry L., D. D.,
774; Baxter, Portus, 774- Bayard, Richard
H., 774; Beach, Moses Yale, 774; Beach,
Wooster, M. D., 774; Beall, S. W., 774;
Beecher, Lieut. Frederick, 774 ; Bell, Henry
H., 774; Bell, Samuel Dana, 775 ; Berryer,
Antoine Pierre, 775; Blakeney, Sir Edward,
775; Boyd, John H., 775: Bradbury, Win.
B., 775 ; Brewster, Sir David, 775 ; Brooke,
Sir James, K. C. B., 776; Brougham. Henry,
Lord Brougham and Vaux, 776 ; Brown, Rev.
John Newton, 777 ; Buchanan, James, 777 ;
Buel, Alexander W., 778.
Cagger, Peter, 778; Campbell, John H.,
778; Campbell, Thompson, 778; Cardigan,
Jas. Thos. Brudenell, 778; Carson, Kit, 778;
Cattermore, George, 779; Christy, George,
779; Clark, Laban, D. D., 779; Cobb, How-
ell, 779; Coles, Edward, 780; Coquerel,
Athanase, 7bO ; Coyne, Joseph Stirling, 780 ;
Cramvorth, Lord the Right Hon. Monsey
Rolfe, 780.
Dean, Julia, 780; Duffield, Geo., D. D.,
780.
Elliott, Charles Loring, 781 ; Ellsworth,
Wm. W., 781 ; Engle, Frederick, 781.
Fessenden, T. A. D., 781 ; Finney, Dar
win A., 781 ; Force, Peter, 781 ; Ford, Thos.
H., 781 ; Fulford, Francis, D. D., 782.
Gannon, Mary, 782 ; Gates, William, 782 ;
Gansevoort, Guert, 782; Gibbs, Alfred, 782;
Gillespie, Wm. Mitchell, 782 ; Gilmer, John
A., 782; Goodrich, Chauncey A., D. D., 782;
Granger, Francis, 782; Grayson, Wm., 782;
Gurley, Phineas D., D. D., 783.
Halpine, Charles G., 783; Hampden, the
Rt. Rev. Reun Dickson, 783; Hartstene,
Henry, 783; Havin, Leonor Joseph, 783;
Hawks, Right Rev. Cicero S., D. D., LL. D.,
784; Head, Sir Edmund Walker, 784; Her-
rick, Anson, 784 ; Higgins, Matthew James,
784 ; Hindman, Thos. C., 784 ; Hinds, James,
784; Hopkins, John Henry, 784; Hughes,
Ball, 785
Ingersoll, Joseph R., 785.
Johnson, Herman M., D. D., 785 ; Junkin,
George, D. D., 785.
Kean, Charles, 7R5; Kearney, Lawrence,
786; Kimball, Heber C., 786; Krummacher,
Frederic Wilhelm, 786.
OBITUARIES —
Leser, Rev. Isaac, 787 ; Leutze, Emmanuel,
787; Limayrac, Panlin, 787; Lincoln, Levi,
787; Longley, Chas. Thomas, 787; Louis I.,
Chas. Augustus, 788; Lover, Samuel, 788.
McCall, George Archibald, 788; McGee,
Thomas D1 Arcy, 789 ; McRae, John J., 789 ;
Magee, John, 789; Mann, Abijah, Jr., 789-
Mann, James, 789; Marochetti, Chas Baron
790; Marsh, John, D. D.,790; Mattison, Hi
ram, D. D., 790; Mayne, Sir Richard, K. C.
B., 790; Menkin, Adah Isaacs, 790; Michael
III., Prince of Servia, 791 ; Miller, James
F., 791 ; Milman, Henry Hart, 791 ; Mitchell,
S. Augustus, 791 ; Monagas, Gen. Jose
Tadeo, 792 ; Mongkout, Chao Pha, King of
Siam, 792; Morehead, Chas. S.,792; Muzaf-
fer-ed-diu, Emir of Bokhara, 792.
Navaez, Don Ramon Marie, Duke of Va
lencia, 792 ; Nicolson, Samuel, 793 ; Noyes,
Joseph C., 793.
Pendleton, John S., 793; Pickering, Oc-
tavius, 793; Poe, Adam, D. D., 793.
Raphall. Rev. Morris Jacob, 793; Rives.
Wm. C., 794; Robertson, Anthony L., 794;
Rossini, Gioachino, 794 : Rothschild, James,
Baron, 795.
Salisbury, James, Marquis of, 795 ; Sey
mour. Thomas H., 795; Slemmer, Adam J.,
795; Smith, Benjamin Franklin, 795; Smith,
Seba, 796; Sommers, Chas. G., D D 796*
Steele, Frederic, 796; Stevens, Edwin A.,
796 ; Stevens, Thaddeus, 796 ; Stockton,
Thos. Hewlings, 798 ; Stohlman, Chas. F. E..
D. D., 798; Stoughton, Edward H., 798.
Theodoras, King of Abyssinia, 798 ;
Thompson, Waddy, 799; Tod, David, 799;
Tracy, Andrew, 799.
Vassar, Matthew, 799 ; Vaughan, Robert,
D. D., 800.
Walewski, (Comte de) Florian, 800; Wells,
Samuel, 800- Whittlesey, Thos. T., 800-
Wick, Wm. W., 800; Wilmot, David, 800;
Woodruff, John, 800; Wortendyke, Jacob
R., 800.
OCCULT ATIONS of Regulus and Aldebaran, 19.
(ECUMENICAL councils. 614.
OFFICERS of the Government of the United
States, 60 ; presidents, 60 ; vice-presidents,
60 ; secretaries of state, 60 ; secretaries of
the treasury, 61 ; secretaries of war, 61 ; sec
retaries of the navy, 61 ; secretaries of the
interior, 61 ; postmasters-general, (52 ; at
torneys-general. 62; chief justices of the
supreme court, 62; associate justices of the
supreme court, 62 ; presidents pro-tempore
of the Senate, 63 ; speakers of the House of
Representatives, 63.
OHIO, Governors of, 67 ; U. S. Senators, 72, 263;
Representatives, 75. 264; collectors of cus
toms, 98 ; assessors and collectors of inter
nal revenue, 102 ; mail service in, 156 ; pen
sioners in, 177, 178 ; temperature and rainfall,
186; average yield and prices of crops, 187;
prices of farm stock, 188; colleges, 200.
Capital, 426; area, 426; population, 426;
ceded to the United States, 426; settlement
of, 426, 432; admitted to the Union, 426;
goveniment, 426 ; legislature, 427 qualifica
tion of voters, 4'J7 ; state militia, 427 ; judi
ciary, 427 ; Supreme court, 427, 428 ; United
States courts, 427 ; finances, 428 ; state debt,
428; education, 428; school commissioners,
428; board of examiners, 429 ; school dis
tricts, 429 ; public schools, 429 ; private
schools 429; colleges, 430; charitable insti
tutions, 430; Lunatic Asylums, 430, 431;
1869.]
GENERAL INDEX.
819
OHIO —
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 430,
431 ; Institution for the Blind, 430, 431 ;
Asylum for Idiots, 430; Reform School, 430,
431; penitentiary, 431, 432; wealth and in
dustry, 432; vineyards, 432; coal andiron,
432 ; salt, 432 ; railroads, 432, 433 ; commerce,
432 ; products, 433 ; banks, 433 ; votes at presi
dential elections, 698.
OLDENBURG, capital, 559; area, 559; popula
tion, 559; reigning sovereign and family,
559; government, 560; revenue, expendi
tures, debt, 560; army, 560; commerce, 560.
ORD, E. O. C., Maj. Gen., appointed command
er of 4th Military District, 234; orders an
election, 281.
ORDNAN-CE Department, 114 ; bureau of the
navy, 128.
OREGON, Governors of, 68; U. S. Senators of,
72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 75,
264; collector of customs and surveyor, 98;
assessor and collector of internal revenue,
101 ; mail service in, 156 ; land grants to, 174
4135 : pensioners in, 177 ; temperature and
rainfall, 186; colleges in, 202 ; gold product,
220. 221.
Capital, 433; area, 433; population, 4.33,
436; settlement, boundary, 433; admitted to
the Union, 433; government, 433; legisla
ture, 433; qualification of voters, 433; judi
ciary, 434 ; Supreme court, 434 ; United States
courts, 434; finances, 434; state debt, 434 ;
education, 435; Willamette University, 4:35;
Superintendent of Public Instruction, 435;
charitable institutions, 4:35; Insane Asylum,
435; penitentiary 435; wealth and industry,
436; natural divisions, 436; forests, 436;
fisheries, 436 ; Columbia river, 436 ; votes at
Presidential elections, 732.
ORGANIZATION of the army, 122.
ORIENTAL Churches, 615.
P.
PAGANS, in America, 524 ; in Europe, 539 ; in
Asia, 592 ; in the world, 609.
PAPAL STATES, 580; capital, 580; area, 580;
population, 580; history, 580; reigning sov
ereign, 580 ; government, 580 ; Councils, 580 ;
ministry, 580 ; revenue, expenditures, and
debt, 580; army, 581 ; commerce, 581 ; rail
ways, 581.
PARAGUAY, 531 ; capital, 531 : area, 531; popula
tion, 531; history, 531 ; disputed territory,
531: government, 531; sources of income, 531 ;
debt, 532; army and navy, 532; exports and
imports, 532.
PARLIAMENT of Great Britain, 570; duration
of, 571.
PARLIAMENTARY elections in Great Britain,
571 ; grants to popular education, 572.
PASSPORTS, clerk of. 81.
PATENT office, 169, 181 ; commissioner of, 169 ;
established, 181; receipts and expenditures,
181 ; business of, 182 ; library of, 182.
PATENTS, applications for, 181, 182 ; issued, 181,
182.
PAY of cadets, 111 ; of the army, 121 ; of the
navy, 141.
PAY Department of the army, 113.
PEDRO II., Emperor of Brazil, 526.
PENITENTIARIES, (see each State).
PENNSYLVANIA, Governors of, 68 ; U. S. Sena
tors, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress,
75,264: collectors of customs, 98; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 102 ; mail
service in, 156 ; pensioners in, 177, 178 ; tem-
PENNSYLVANIA—
perature and rainfall, 186 ; average yield and
prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock,
188; colleges in, 202.
CapitaC437; area, 437: population, 437,
444; settlement of, 437; United States con
stitution ratified, 437 ; government, 437 ; leg
islature, 437: qualification of voters, 437;
judiciary, 437; Supreme court, 437, 438;
District courts, 438 ; courts of Common
Pleas, 438; United States courts, 438;
terms of courts, 438 ; finances, 439 ; state
debt, 439 ; education, 439 ; history of school
system, 439 : colleges, 439, 441 ; Superin
tendent of Public Instruction, 439; school
districts, 439; Normal schools, 440, 441;
public schools, 440 ; colleges, academies
and seminaries, 441 ; charitable institutions,
441 ; Insane Asylum, 441, 442, 443 ; Institu
tion for the Deaf and Dumb, 441, 442; Insti
tution for the Blind, 441, 442; Training-
School for Feeble-minded Children, 441, 442 ;
Philadelphia House of Refuge, 441 ; House
of Refuge for West Pennsylvania, 441, 442;
Pennsylvania Hospital, 442 ; West Pennsyl
vania Hospital, 443; penitentiaries, 443;
wealth and industry, 444 ; foreigners in the
State, 444; agriculture, 444; coal and petro-
leum,444 ; railroads,444 : products,444 ; banks,
444 ; votes at Presidential elections, 764.
PENSION office, 175.
PENSIONS, 169; commissioner of, 170; army
pensions, 175 ; navy pensions, 176, 178.
PENSIONERS, 176, 178, 179.
PEREZ, JOSE JOAQUIN, president of Chili, 527.
PERSIA, capital, 597; area, 597; population,
597 ; chief cities, 597 ; sovereign, 597 ; rev
enue, 597 ; army, 597 ; imports and exports,
597.
PERU, capital, 532 ; area, 532 ; population, 532 ;
history, 532 ; government, 532 ; new consti
tution adopted, 532 ; Senate and House of
Representatives, 532 ; religion, 532 ; minis
try, 532 ; revenue, expenditures, and debt,
532; army and navy, 532 ; exports and im
ports, 532; arrivals and clearances, 532.
PETER I.. Grand Duke of Oldenburg, 559.
PHASES, of Venus, 15 : of the moon, 23-45.
PHILADELPHIA, high water at, 21.
Pius IX., Sovereign Pontiff of Rome, 580.
PLANETS, small or asteroids, 14 ; exterior, 15 ;
interior, 15 ; ephemeries of, 16, 17 ; situa
tion of, 23-45 ; conjunctions of, 46 ; diameter
and revolutions of, 47 ; primary and aster
oids, 47.
PLANETARY conjunctions, 46 ; characters, 46.
PLATFORMS, (see National Platform*).
POLAND, population, 584: government, 584;
loss of independence, 584 ; finances, 584.
POLARIS, time of passing the meridian, 49;
mean distance from the pole, 18(59, 49.
POLITICAL classification of Congress, 264.
POLYNESIA, (xee Australasia and Polynesia}.
POPE, JOHN, Maj. Gen., appointed commander
of 3d District, 234 ; orders issued by, 275, 306.
POPULATION, of States and Territories, (iteeeach
State and Territory); of America, 523; of
independent American States, 523 ; of Euro
pean possessions in America, 524; of Europe,
538 ; of States of Europe, 539, 540 ; of Asia,
592: of States and divisions of Asia. 592; of
Africa, 598 : of divisions and subdivisions,
598 ; of Australasia and Polynesia, 601 : (also
see each diridoii of Europe, Asia, Africa, <ftf.,
for population of each).
PORTUGAL, capital. 581 ; area, 581 ; population,
581 ; history, 581 ; islands and colonies, 581 ;
820
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
PORTUGAL—
reigning sovereign and family, 581 ; govern
ment, 581 ; Legislative Chambers, 581 ; coun
cil of ministers, 581 ; education, 581 ; uni
versity, 581 ; revenue, expenditure and debt.
581 ; army, 581 ; navy, 582 ; exports and im
ports, 582.
POSTAGE, rates of domestic, 157 : foreign, 158,
161 ; regulations with respect to, 157, 159.
POSTAGES on United States and European
mails, 156.
POSTAL Conventions, 150 ; with Great Britain,
150; with other foreign countries, 150; wiih
Hong Kong, 151 ; mail steamship service to
China and Japan, 151.
POSTAL money order system, 154.
POSTAL service, 151 ; post offices and delivery
of letters, 151 : statistics for fiscal year end
ing June 30, 18(57, 152; revenue and expen
ditures from 1S54 to 1868, inclusive, 154 ; es
timates for I860, 155 ; appropriations for
special service, 155 ; table of mail service
and of postal receipts and expenditures for
year ending June 30, 1867, by States, 155 ;
rates of domestic postage, 157 ; postage on
transient printed matter, 157; foreign let
ters, 158; rates of postage on printed mat
ter for foreign countries, 158; regulations
•with respect to newspapers, book packets,
patterns, samples, &c., to foreign countries,
159; United States exchange offices for for
eign mails, 100; table of postage to foreign
countries, 160.
POSTMASTER General, 80 ; duties of, 148.
POSTMASTERS General, 62.
POST Office Department, 148 ; bureaus in, 148 ;
chief officers in, 149 ; revenues and expen
ditures of, 149.
POST Offices, 151.
PRE-EMPTION law and right, 171, 175.
PREFACE, 3.
PRESBYTERIANS, Old School in United States,
621 ; New School, 621 ; other branches, 621,
622 ; in Great Britain and Colonies. 622.
PRESIDENT of the United States, how chosen,
79 ; powers and duties of, 79.
PRESIDENTS of the United States, 60, 79, 80.
PRESIDENTS of colleges, 197.
PRESIDENTS pro-tempore of the Senate, 63.
PRICES of farm stock, 188.
PRIVATE land claims, 174.
PROCEEDINGS of fortieth Congress, 225.
PROCLAMATIONS of President Johnson, 255-257.
PRODUCTIONS, (fee each State).
PROTESTANTISM in America, 524 ; divisions of,
616.
PROTESTANT Churches, 616.
PROTESTANT Episcopal Church of the United
States, 616.
PRUSSIA, capital, 555; area, 555; population,
555, 556 ; table of provinces. 555 ; languages
spoken, 555 ; chief cities, 556 ; reigning sov
ereign and family, 556 ; increase of territory.
556 ; list of sovereigns, 556 ; government,
556; constitution, 556; House of Lords and
Chamber of Deputies, 556 ; the executive,
557; education, 557; finances, 557; revenue,
expenditures and debt, 557; army and navy,
557, 558 ; fortresses, merchant navy, 558 ;
import f« and exports, 558; mines, 558; banks,
558 ; railroads and telegraph lines, 558.
PUBLIC buildings of Washington, 513.
PUBLIC debt of the United States, 239, 244 ; com
parative view of, 240.
PUBLIC Lands, 169, 170; surveyors of, 169; area
of, 170; survey of, 170; grants of, 174.
PUBLIC Laws of the United States, 246.
PUBLIC Resolutions, 254.
PUBLIC School expenses in principal cities of
United States, 213.
Q.
QUALIFICATIONS, of Senators of United States,
70; of Representatives, 70; of cadets at the
Military Academy. 110; of candidates for the
Naval Academy, 130 ; of cadet engineers, 131.
QUALIFICATION of voters, (nee each State).
QUARTERMASTER'S Department, 112.
QUEENSLAND, 601 ; area, 601 ; population, 602;
immigration, 60S; establishment. 602; Par
liament, 602 ; revenue and expenditures, 602 ;
exports and imports, 602.
QUICKSILVER, mines of Alniadeu, 645; use of,
648 ; history of, 658.
R.
RAIN-FALL, -table of for twelve months, 186.
RATIFICATION of constitutions of Southern
states, 235; of constitutional amendment —
fourteenth, 258 ; fifteenth, 801.
REAR ADMIRALS, 132-134.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, of the Patent
Office, 181 ; of the Post Office, 149-155 ; of
the United States, 237; from Internal Rev
enue, 237.
RECONSTRUCTION in the Southern states, 233.
REED, Gov., of Florida, urges provision for
charitable and penal institutions, 310.
REFORM BILL of Great Britain, 570-571.
REFORMED CHURCHES, in 'the United States,
622; in Europe and Africa, 622.
REGISTER OF THE TREASURY, 97 ; duties of, 96.
REGISTRATION of voters in Southern states, 234.
REGULUS, occultation of, 19.
RELIGION, in the American states, 524 ; in the
European states, 539; in Asia. 592.
RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD, 609;
creeds, 609; Christians, 609; Jews, COS); East
Asiatic, 609; Mohammedans, 609; Pagans,
609; Christianity, 609.
REPRESENTATIVES, in fortieth Congress, 74;
in forty-first Congress, 263.
REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION, 265 ;
Platform, 2(55.
RESIGNATIONS, deaths and dismissals in the
navy, 136.
RETIRED LIST, of Army, 119; of Navy, 135.
REUSS, chief town. 562; Elder line, area and
population, 562; Younger line, area and
population, 562; Elder line, reigning sover
eign and family, 562; new constitution, 562;
income, expenditures, debt, troops, 562;
Younger line, reigning sovereign ana family,
562; government, 562; income, expendi
tures, debt, troops, 562.
RHODE ISLAND, Governors of, 68 ; IT. S. Sen
ators, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress,
75, 264 ; collectors of customs and surveyors,
98 ; assessors and collectors of internal rev
enue, 103; mail service in, 156; pensioners
in, 177, 179; temperature and rainfall. 180;
average yield and prices of crops. 187 ; prices
of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 202.
Capitals, 445; area, 445; population, 445,
448; settlement of, 445 ; U. S. constitution
ratified, 445; government, 445; legislature,
445; qualification of voters, 445; judiciary,
445; Supreme court, 445, 446; court of Com
mon Pleas, 445,446; United States courts,
446; terms of courts, 446; finances, 440;
state debt, 446; education, 447: Brown Uni
versity, 447; School Commissioner, 447;
GENERAL INDEX.
821
RHODE ISLAND —
Normal School, 447 ; common schools, 447;
charitable institutions, 447 ; beneficiaries
maintained in other states, 447; Butler Insane
Asylum. 447, 448 ; Providence Reform School,
. 447, 448; State Prison, 447, 448; wealth and
industry, 448; manufactures, 448; products,
448; banks, 448; railroads, 448; votes at
Presidential elections. 674.
ROBINSON, SIR H., Governor of Ceylon, 595.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, statistics of, 611-
612; the Pope, 612: cardinals, 612 ; patri
archs, archbishops and bishops, 612; arch
bishoprics and bishoprics, in America, 613 ;
in Europe, 613-614 ; in Asia, 614 ; in Africa,
614; in Australasia and Polynesia, 614-
(Ecumenical councils, 614; National and
Provisional Councils and Diocesan Synods,
614 ; monastic orders, 615.
RUMANIA, area, 591 ; population, 591 ; chief
cities, 591; sovereign, 591 ; government, 691;
union of Wallachia and Moldavia, 591 ; cabi
net, 591 ; revenue, expenditures and debt,
591 ; army and navy, 591 ; exports and im
ports, 591.
RUSSIA, capital. 582: area, 582; population, 582;
history, 582 ; divisions and chief cities, 582 :
serfdom abolished, 582; nativity of popula
tion. 582; reigning sovereign and family,
582; government, 582; councils, 582; minis
try, 582 ; education, universities and peri
odicals, 583 ; revenue, expenditures and
debt. 583 ; army and navy, 583 ; imports and
exports, 584; trading ports, shipping en
tered, 584 ; commerce, 584 ; railroad lines,
584 ; (see Finland and Poland).
s.
SACRAMENTO, schools in, 289.
SALNAVE, SYLVAIN, president of Hayti, 529.
SALT, in Kentucky, 346: in Louisiana, 352; in
Michigan, 381; in Nevada, 401 ; in New York,
420; in Ohio, 432; in Texas, 461 ; in Virginia,
471; in West Virginia, 475; in New Mexico,
502 ; in Utah, 503.
SAN DOMINGO, 532; capital, 532; area, 532;
population, 532 ; history, 532 ; independence
and civil war, 532 ; president, 532 ; imports
and exports, 532 ; shipping arrivals, 532.
SANDWICH ISLANDS, capital, 602; area, 602;
population, 602; history, 602; disco very, 602;
consolidation of kingdom, 602 ; list of kings,
602 ; government, 602 ; ministry, 602.
SAN FRANCISCO, high water at, 21 ; public
schools in, 289; trade and commerce of, 293.
SAN SALVADOR, 527; capital, 527; area, 527;
population, 527 ; government, 527; Senate
and Legislature, 527; revenue, expenditures
and debt, 527 ; imports and exports, 527.
SARMIENTO, DOMINGO F., president of Argen
tine Republic, 525.
SATURN, situation of, 23-45; diameter, 47; dis
tance from sun, 47 ; revolution and rotation
on axis, 47.
SAX E-ALTENBURG, capital, 562; area, 562; pop
ulation, 562; wealth of peasantry. 562; reign
ing sovereign and family, 562; Chamber of
Representatives, 562; revenue and expen
ditures, 562; troops, 562.
SAXE-CoBURG-GoTHA, capital, 561 ; area, 561 ;
population, 561 ; reigning sovereign and fam
ily, 561 ; government, 561 ; elections, 561 ;
income, expenditures and debt, 562 ; troops,
562.
SAXE-MEININGEN, capital, 561 ; area, 561 ; pop
ulation, 561 ; reigning sovereign and family,
SAXE-MEININGEN —
561 ; government, 561 ; income, expendi
tures and debt, 561 ; troops, 561.
SAXE-WEIMAR, capital, 560 ; area, 560 ; popula
tion, 560; reigning sovereign and family,
560; government. 560 ; House'of Parliament,
560; finances, 560; troops, 560.
SAXONY, capital, 558 ; area, 558 ; population,
558; districts and cities, 558; reigning sov
ereign and family, 558; government, 558;
Upper and Lo.v^r Chambers, 558; council
of ministers, 55.); education, 559 ; finances,
559; revenue, expenditures and debt, 559;
army, 559; lad.'Mrial pu suits, 559.
SCHAUMBURG Lipr j 563 ; chief town, 563; area,
563; populatic.^, 563; I'cignuig sovereign
and family, 563, government, 563 ; income,
expenses and troops, 56£.
SCHOFIELD, MAJOR <.EN. JOHN M., appointed
commander of 1st Military District, 234.
SCHOOL, Lawrence Scientific, 368; Sheffield
Scientific, 297; military, nautical, medical,
&c., in Chili, 528; of mines in Mexico, 531.
SCHOOL, artillery, 123.
SCHOOLS, agricultural and scientific, 212; grants
for, 173; Theological, 204 ; of law, 208; Med
ical, 206; Normal, 210; Training. 210.
SCHOOLS in the states, (see Education in each
state).
ScHWARZBURG-RuDOLSTADT, 562; chief town,
562; area and population, 562; reigning sov
ereign and family, 562; government, 563;
revenue and expenditures, 563; troops, 563.
ScHWARZBURG-SoxDERSHAUSEN, 563 ; chief
town, 563; area, 563; population. 563; reign
ing sovereign and family, 563; government,
563; revenue, expenditure and debt, 563;
troops, 563.
SEASONS, the, 10.
SECRETARY, of State, 80 ; duties of, 80 ; of the
Treasury, 80; duties of, 95; of War, 80; du
ties of, 107; of the Navy, 80", duties of, 128;
of the Interior, 80.
SECRETARIES, of State, 60, 81 ; the Treasury,
61, 90; War, 61, 108; the Navy, 61, 128; the
Interior, 61, 169; Legation, 82.
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. 70.
SENATE, presiding officers of, 63. 73. of Fortieth
Congress, 71 ; committees of, 72, 802; of
Forty-first Congress, 262.
Senators, of the United States, qualifications
of, 70; how chosen, 70; in Fortieth Con
gress, 71 ; in Forty-first Congress. 262.
SERVIA, area and population, 51)1 ; capital, 591 ;
sovereign, 591 ; government, 591 ; protection
of European powers, 591 ; revenue and ex
penditures, 591 ; army, 591 ; commerce, 591.
SCSSIONS of Congress, 63, 71.
SETTLEMENT of United States, 59 ; (of the seve
ral States and Territories, see under each).
SEYMOUR, HORATIO, nominated President, 272 ;
letter of acceptance, 270.
SHERIDAN, PHILIP H. Major General, appointed
commander of the 5th Military District, 234.
SHIP BUILDING in Maine, 357.
SIAM, capital, 597; area, 597; population, 597;
divisions, 597 ; sovereign, 597 ; government,
597 ; public revenue, 597 ; armament, 597 ;
fleet of war, 597 ; trade, 597.
SICKLES, DANIEL E.. Maj. Gen., appointed to the
command of the 2d Mil. District, 234, 421.
SIGNS of the zodiac, 19.
SILK, production of in California, 292.
SILVER, coinage, 219; deposits at United States
Mint, 219 ; production, 220, 647.
SILVER COINS, of the United States, 222; for
eign, 222.
822
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
[1869.
SILVER MINES, in Nevada, 400, 046. 651; in
Michigan, 381 ; in Missouri, 394 ; in Alaska,
484; in Arizona, 486, 652 ; in Colorado, 488,
652; in Dakota, 492; in Idaho, 495. 657, 651 ;
in Montana, 499, 651 ; in New Mexico. 501,
652 ; in Mexico, 531 ; history of, 649 ; in
Ural Mountains, 645 ; in European States,
645; in Japan and New Zealand, 646; in
South American States, 646.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 216; officers of, 216 ;
fund of, 21(i ; publications of, 217 ; exchanges
of, 217 ; observers for, 217.
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' National Convention,
at Chicago. 206 ; at New York, 269.
SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES, in Conn., 300;
in Illinois, 321 : in Indiana, 327; in Iowa,
335 ; in Pennsylvania, 442 ; in Wisconsin,
479.
SOLICITOR of the Treasury, 97 : duties of, 96.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA, area and population, 602 ;
Parliament, 602; revenue and expenditures,
602; imports and exports, 602.
SOUTH CAROLINA, Governors of, 68 ; U. S. Sen
ators, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress,
75,264; collectors of customs, 98; assessors
and collectors of internal revenue, 103 ; mail
service in, 156; temperature and rainfall,
186 ; average yield and prices of crops, 187 ;
prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 202.
Capital, 449; area, 449; population, 449,
452; settlement of, 449; United States con
stitution ratified, 449 ; ordinance of seces
sion adopted, 449; repealed, 449 ; re-admit
ted to Union, 449; Government, 449; leg
islature, 449; qualification of voters, 450;
judiciary, 450; Supreme court, 450, 451 ;
courts of Common Pleas, 450; court of Gen
eral Sessions, 450; United States courts,
450 ; finances, 451 ; state debt, 451 ; educa
tion, 451 ; Superintendent of Education, 451 ;
school fund, 451; charitable institutions,
452 ; Lunatic Asylum, 452 ; penitentiary,
452; wealth and industry, 452 ; increase of
colored population, 452; agriculture, 453;
effects of the war, 453 ; gold, 453 ; manufac
tures, 453 ; products, 453 ; . banks, 453 ; votes
at Presidential elections, 737.
SOUTH GERMANY, 564. (See separate States).
SOUTHERN STATES, reconstruction in, 233; reg
istration in, 234; ratification of constitu
tions, 235.
SPAIN, capital, 584 ; area, 584, 585 ; population,
584, 585 ; history, 584 ; union of Aragon,
Castile, and other Kingdoms, 584 ; value of
lands, 585 ; government, 585 ; revolution of
1868,585; races of, 585; education, 585; uni
versities, 585; revenue, expenditures and
debt, 585- army and navy, 585 ; classification
of vessels, 585 ; imports and exports, 585 ;
mineral and agricultural wealth, 586; rail
ways and coast line, 586 ; colonies, 586.
SPANISH POSSESSIONS, 537 ; area, 537 ; popula
tion, 537. (See Cuba).
SPEAKERS of the House of Representatives,
63, 74.
SPECIAL COMMISSIONER of Revenue. 97; duties
of. 96.
SQUADRONS in the U. S. Navy, 139.
STAMP DUTIES, 259 ; penalties for not using
stamps, 260.
STARS, evening, 15 ; morning, 15 ; table of, 49.
STATE LEGISLATURES, politically classified, 738.
STATES AND TERRITORIES, Governors of, 64-69 ;
Governments of, 274.
STATISTICS of Agriculture, 185.
STATISTICS of Deaf Mutes, (see each State).
STATISTICS of Insane, (see each State).
STATISTICS of Penitentiaries and Prisons (see
each State).
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT, 112.
SUN, eclipse of, 11-13; declination of, 18: di
ameter and rotation on axis, 47.
SUNRISE, 22-44.
SUNSET, 22-44.
SUPERVISING INSPECTORS of steamboats and
their districts, 106.
SUPREME COURT of the United States, 147-
Chief Justices of, 62, 147; Associate Jus
tices of, 62, 147.
SUPREME COURT of the District of Columbia,
147, 511.
SURVEYS of Public Lands, 170.
SWEDEN AND NORWAY, 586 ; union and govern
ment, 586.
SWEDEN, capital, 586; area, 586; population,
5S6 ; history 586; union with Denmark, 586 ;
agriculture, 586 ; reigning sovereign and fam
ily, 586 ; constitution and government, 586 ;
Diet, 586; qualification of electors, 587;
ministry, 587 ; education, 587 ; revenue, ex
penditures and debt, 587 ; army and navy,
587 ; fortresses, 587 ; imports and exports,
587 ; mines and manufactures, 587 ; railways,
and telegraph lines, 587 ; (see Norway).
SWEDISH POSSESSIONS, 537.
SWITZERLAND, 588; capital, 588; area, 588;
population, 588; history, 588 ; government,
588; State and Federal Councils, 588 ; edu
cation, 588; universities, 588 ; revenue and
expenditures, 588; army, 588; commerce,
exports and imports, 589 ; railways and tele
graph lines, 589 ; Post-office, business of, 589.
T.
TARTARY, area, 597; population, 597; divisions,
597; principal cities, 597; Russian con
quests, 597.
TASMANIA, area and population, 602: Legisla
tive Council and House of Representatives,
602 ; revenue and expenditure, 602 ; imports
and exports, 602.
TAXATION of National Banks, 243.
TEMPERATURE and rain-fall, 185 ; table of, 186.
TEMPERATURE, highest, 185 ; lowest, 185.
TENNESSEE, Governors of, 68; U. S. Senators,
72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 75,
264 ; collectors of customs, 98 ; assesors and
collectors of internal revenue. 103 ; mail ser
vice in, 156; temperature and rainfall, 186;
average yield and prices of crops, 187 ; prices
of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 202.
Capital, 454; area, 454: population, 454,
456 ; settlement of. 454 ; ceded to the United
States, 454; admitted to the Union, 454;
ordinance of secession adopted, 454; re
pealed, 454 ; the state restored to the Union,
454; government. 454; legislature. 454 ; qual
ification of voters, 454; judiciary, 454 ; Su
preme court, 454, 455 ; Chancery court, 454,
455; United States courts, 455; finances,
455; state debt, 455 ; education. 455; colleges,
455: State Superintendent, 455 ; County Su
perintendents, 455 ; charitable institutions,
455; Insane Hospital, 455, 456; Institution
for Deaf and Dumb, 455, 456; Institution
for Blind, 455, 456 ; State Penitentiary, 456 ;
wealth and industry, 456 ; natural divisions,
456 ; minerals, 457 ; products, 457 ; manufac
tures, 457; banks, 457; votes at Presidential
elections, 712.
TEXAS, Governors of, 68; collectors of customs
in, 98; assessors and collectors of internal
revenue, 103 ; mail service in, 156 ; tempera-
1869.]
GENERAL INDEX.
823
TEXAS—
ture and rainfall. 180; average yield and
. prices of crops, 1ST; prices ot farm stock,
188 ; colleges in, 203.
Capital, 457; area, 457; population, 457,
400 ; settlement of, 457 ; admitted to the
Union, 457; ordinance of secession adopted,
457; annulled. 457 ; reconstruction of, 457;
government, 458; legislature, 458; qualifi
cation of voters, 458; judiciary, 458; Su-
B;eme court, 458; United States courts, 458;
istrict courts, 458; terms of courts, 45(4;
finances, 459; state debt, 459; education, 459;
universities, 459 ; Board of education, 459 ;
testimony of Superintendent on the state
of schools, 459; charitable institutions, 400;
Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 400; Lunatic
Asylum, 400 ; penitentiary. 4(50 ; wealth and
industry, 400; advantages in regard to soil
and climate, 401 ; timber, 401 ; cotton, 401 ;
minerals, 401 ; price of lands, 401 ; products,
461 ; banks, 401 ; votes at Presidential elec
tions, 730.
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES, 204.
TIDE TABLE, 48.
TIN, history of, 059.
TITLES and abstracts of public laws, 246.
TREASURER of United States, 97 ; duties of, 90.
Tu-Duc, emperor of Anam, 593.
TURKEY, capital, 589 ; area, 589 ; population,
589 ; history, 589 ; classification of races in
divisions of the empire, 589 ; chief cities,
589 ; reigning sovereign and family, 590 ;
House of Othman, 590; government, 590;
liberty of worship, 590; dignitaries, 590;
ministry, 590; education, 590: revenue, ex
penditures and debt, 590; army and navy,
59i) ; classification of vessels, 590 ; imports
and exports, 590; railways and telegraph
lines. 591 ; Tributary States, (see Egypt, Itu-
mania, Servia, Montenegro).
TWILIGHT, beginning and end of, 23-45.
u.
UNITARIANS, in the United States, 622 ; in Eu
rope, 0-22.
UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, 622.
UNITED EVANGELICAL CHURCH, 622.
UNITED STATES, 59; extent of, 59; area, 59;
settlement of, 59 ; government of, 59.
UNITED STATES BONDS, 241.
UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY, 90, 104; offi
cers of, 104 ; object of, 101 ; work of, 104.
UNITED STATES COINS, 222.
UNITED STATES DEBT, 239, 240.
UNITED STATES Military Academy, 108 ; Mili
tary Staff, 108 ; Academic Staff, 109; appoint
ment and admission of cadets, 110.
UNITED STATES MINT, 218; officers of, 218;
branches of, 218 ; deposits, 219; coinage, 219.
UNITED STATES Naval Academy, 129 ; Superin
tendent of, 129; Academic Board and Staff,
129; officers not attached to the staff, 130;
regulations, 130; admission of students,
130: cadet engineers in the navy, 131.
UNIVERSALISTS, in the United States, 622; in
Europe, 022.
UNIVERSITIES, in Austria, 542; in Germany,
554; in Prussia, 557; in Bavaria, 505; in
Baden, 500; in Italy, 578; in Russia, 583;
in Spain, 585 ; in Switzerland, 588.
UNIVERSITY of Alabama, 277; board of regents
of, 278 ; Wesleyan, 297 ; Georgia State, 313 ;
Oglethorpe, 314 ; Mercer, 314 ; Illinois State
Industrial, 318; Indiana State, 325; Iowa
State, 332; Kansas State, 339; Kentucky,
UNIVERSITY OF —
344; Harvard, 308; of Michigan, 378; Min
nesota State, 384; Missouri State, 392; of
New York, 415 ; Cornell, 415 ; of North Caro
lina, 424; Willamette, 4:35; Brown, 447; of
Texas, 459 ; of Virginia, 470 ; of Wisconsin,
478; of Washington territory, 505; of Chili,
528 ; of Tubingen, 500 ; of Coimbra, 581 ; of
Calcutta, 594.
URANUS, rising and setting of, 16.
URUGUAY, capital, 533; area, 533; population,
533; history, 533; treaty with Brazil and
Buenos Ayres, 533 ; government, 533 ; min
istry, 533; receipts and expenditures, 533;
* debt, 533; army, 533; imports and exports,
533; revenue from customs, 533.
UTAH TERRITORY, Governors of, 69 ; delegate
from, 70 ; assessor and collector of internal
revenue, 103; mail service in, 150; gold and
silver product of, 221, 222.
Capital, 502; area, 502; population, 502,
503; ceded to the United States, 502; settle
ment by Mormons, 502 ; change of name,
502; government, 502; legislature, 502: judi
ciary, 502 ; Supreme court. 502, 503 ; District
courts, 503; finances, 503; education, 503;
wealth and industry, 503; character of the
territory, 503; productions, 503 ; fruit, 503;
stock raising, 503; factories, 503 ; Mormon
temple and tabernacle, 504 ; banks, 504.
V.
VAN DIEMEN'S LAND, (see Tasmania).
VENEZUELA, capital, 533; area, 533; popula
tion, 533; history, 533 ; independence recog
nized, 533; government, 533 ; new constitu
tion adopted, 533 ; revenue, expenditures
and debt, 533; army, 533; imports and ex
ports, 533.
VENUS, disc of, 15 ; phases of, 15 ; evening star,
15 ; ephemeris of, 16, 17 ; situation of, 23^15 ;
diameter, 47; distance from sun, 47; revo
lution and rotation, 47.
VERMONT, Governors of, 69 ; IT. S. Senators in,
72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 76,
264; collector of customs, 98; assessors and
collectors of internal revenue, 103 ; mail ser
vice in, 156; pensioners in, 177, 178; tem
perature and rainfall, 180 ; average yield and
prices of crops, 187 ; prices of farm stock,
188 ; colleges in, 203.
Capital, 462; area, 462; population, 462,
406; settlement of, 402; admitted to the
Union, 402; government, 402; legislature,
402 ; qualification of voters, 402 ; judiciary,
402; Supreme court, 402, 403; County courts,
402, 403 ; United States courts, 403 ; terms
of courts, 403 ; finances. 404 ; state debt,
404; education, 405; Agricultural college,
4r» ; Board of Education, 405 ; Normal
schools, 405 ; public schools, 465 ; charitable
institutions, 405 ; Asylum for the Insane, 405,
466; Reform School, 405, 40(5; State Prison,
400; wealth and industry, 466; agriculture,
406; quarries, 407; products, 407; banks,
407; votes at Presidential elections, 672.
VICE-ADMIRAL, 132.
VICE-PRESIDENT of the United States, how
chosen, 79 ; powers and duties of, 79.
VICE-PRESIDENTS, GO, 79, 80.
VICTOR EMMANUEL II., King of Italy, 578.
VICTORIA I., Queen of Great Britain and Ire
land, 570.
VICTORIA, area and population, 602; revenue
and expenditure, 602; imports and exports,
602; wool, 602; gold product, 602.
824
THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER.
L1869.
VIRGINIA, Governors of, 69; collectors of cus
toms, 98; assessors and collectors of inter
nal revenue, 103; mail service in, 156; pen
sioners in, 177 — 179; temperature and rain
fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops,
187; prices of farm stock, 188 ; colleges in,
202; gold product, 221.
Capital, 467; area, 467; population, 467,
470 ; settlement of, 467 ; United States con
stitution ratified, 467; secession of, 467;
state divided, 467; reconstruction of, 467;
government, 467; qualification of voters,
468; judiciary, 468; court of Appeals, 468 ;
District courts, 468; Circuit courts, 468;
United States courts, 468; finances, 469;
state debt, 469 ; education, 4(59; college of
William and Mary, 470; Washington College,
470 ; University of Virginia, 470 ; wealth and
industry, 470 ; agriculture, 470 ; timber and
minerals, 471: products, 471; banks, 471;
votes at Presidential elections, 680.
w.
WALDECK, chief town, 563 ; area, 563 ; popula
tion, 563; reigning sovereign and family,
563; government, 563; revenue, expendi
ture, debt and troops, 563.
WANG.NU, King of Siam, 597.
WASHINGTON CITY, extent, 511 ; streets and av
enues, 511 ; incorporation, 511 ; Georgetown,
511; Capitol, 512; laying of corner-stone,
512; extensions, 512; dome, 512; dimensions
of building, 512 ; rotunda, 513 ; Senate cham
ber and Representatives hall, 513; other
principal public buildings, 513 ; parks, 513 ;
classification of buildings, 513; classifica
tion of population, 514.
WASHINGTON TERRITORY, Governors of, 69 ;
delegate from, 76 ; collector of customs, 98 ;
assessor and collector of internal revenue,
103; mail service in, 156; gold and silver
product, 221.
Capital, 504; area, 504; population, 504,
505 ; settlement, 504 ; organization, 504; gov
ernment, 504 ; legislature, 505 ; judiciary, 505 ;
Supreme court, 505; District courts, 505;
United States court, 505 ; terms of courts,
505: education, 505; University of, 505;
schools, 505 ; wealth and industry, 505 ; nat
ural divisions, 505 ; climate, 5U6 ; produc
tions, 506; forests and lumber, 507; mines,
507 ; fisheries, 507 ; commercial facilities,
507 ; rivers, 507 ; public lands, 507.
WEALTH AND INDUSTRY, (see each State).
WESTERN AUSTRALIA, population, 602; area,
603; transportation of British convicts, 602;
exports and imports, 602.
WEST VIRGINIA, line of sun's eclipse passes
through, 13; Governors of, 69; U. S. Sena
tors, 72, 263 ; Representatives in Congress,
76, 264 ; collectors of customs in, 98 ; assess
ors and collectors of internal revenue, 203 ;
mail service in, 156; pensioners, 177, 178;
temperature and rainfall, 18(i ; average yield
and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm
stock, 188; colleges in, 204.
Capital, 471 ; area, 471 ; population, 471.
475 ; organization of, 471 ; admitted to the
Union, 471 ; government, 471 ; legislature,
WKST VIRGINIA—
471 ; qualification of voters, 472 ; jndicinry,
472; Supreme court, 472; United States
courts, 472; terms of courts, 472 finances;
472; revenue and expenditures, 473; educa
tion, 473; Superintendent of Schools 473;
county superintendents, 473 ; boards of edu
cation, 473; school fund, 473; Normal
Schools, 473 ; Agricultural College, 474; pub
lic schools, 474 ; charitable institutions, 474 ;
Insane Hospital, 474 ; penitentiary, 474, 475;
wealth and industry, 475; soil, 475; mine
rals, 475; taxable property of the state, 475;
votes at Presidential elections, 736.
WILLIAM I., King of Prussia, 556.
WILLIAM I., Duke of Brunswick, 561.
WILLIAM III., King of the Netherlands, 579.
WISCONSIN, Governors of, 69 ; U. S. Senators
of, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress,
76, 264; collectors of customs in, 98; assess
ors and collectors of internal revenue, 104 ;
mail service in, 156 ; land grants to, 174, 248 ;
pensioners in, 177 — 179; temperature and
rainfall, 186; average yield and prices of
crops, 187 ; prices of farm stock in, 188 ; col
leges in, 204.
Capital, 476; area, 476; population, 476;
settlement, 476 ; admitted to the Union. 476 ;
United States courts, 477: terms of courts,
477 ; finances, 477 ; state debt, 477 ; educa
tion, 478; State University, 478; Super
intendent of Public Instruction, 478 ; Nor
mal Schools, 478 : public schools, 478; private
schools, 478; colleges, 479 ; charitabki insti
tutions 479; Insane Hospital, 479, 480 ; In
stitution for the Deaf and Dumb, 479, 480 ;
Institution for the Blind, 479; Soldiers1 Or
phans' Home, 479, 480 : Reform School, 479,
480; State Prison, 480 ; wealth and industry,
480; immigration, 480; surface, 481 ; timber,
481 ; minerals, 481 ; manufactures, 481 : pro
ducts, 481 ; banks, 481 ; votes at Presidential
elections, 704.
WURTEMBERG, area, 565 ; population, 565 ; ex
tensive emigration, 565 ; reigning sovereign
and family^ 565 : government, 565; min
istry, 565 ; educational institutions, 566 ; in
come, expenditure and debt, 566 ; railroads,
566; army, 566; banks and insurance, 566;
live stock, 566 ; mines, 566; Post-Offlce, 566 ;
telegraph stations, 566.
WYOMING TERRITORY, organization, 508 ;
boundaries, 508 ; government, 508 ; legisla
ture, 508; qualification of voters, 508; judi
ciary, 509; character of the country, 510;
surface, 510; gold mines, 510 ; Pacific Rail
road, 510.
Y.
YALE COLLEGE, 297.
YOUNG, Sir John, Governor-General of Canada,
534.
z.
ZINC, 659 ; history of, 659 ; product, 659.
ZODIAC, constellations and signs of, 19.
ZOLLVEREIN, THE, of Germany, 402.
•-
8310.
AY5S
A6
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