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A  TIBETAN-ENGLISH 

DICTIONARY 


.    VITH  SPECIAL  BEFEEENCE  TO  THE  PBEVAILING  DIALECTS. 


TO  WHICH  IS  ADDED 

AN  ENGLISH-TIBETAN  VOCABULARY. 


BY 


I 


I 


H.  A.  JASCHKE, 

LATE  MORAVIAN  MISSIONARY  AT  KYfiLANG,  BRITISH  LAHOUL. 


;  .  PREPARED  AND  PUBUSHED  AT  THE  CHARGE  OF  THE  SECRETARY 
Ot  STATE  FOR  INDIA  IN  COUNCIL. 


oi: 


LONDON  188L 


f 


2'^(pJl>»  /a^ 


HARVARD 

I  UNIVERSITY] 

LIBRARY 

DEC   6  1960 


\ 


PREFACE. 


This  work  represents  a  new  and  thoroughly  revised  edition  of  a  Tibetan-German 
Dictionary,  which  appeared  in  a  lithographed  form  between  the  years  1871  and  1876. 

During  a  residence,  which  commenced  in  1857  and  extended  over  a  number  of 
years,  on  the  borders  of  Tibet  and  among  Tibetan  tribes,  I  and  my  colleagues  gathered 
the  materials  for  this  Dictionary. 

We  had  to  take  primarily  into  account  the  needs  of  missionaries  entering  upon  new 
regions,  and  then  of  those  who  might  hereafter  follow  into  the  same  field  of  enterprize. 
The  chief  motive  of  all  our  exertions  lay  always  in  the  desire  to  facilitate  and  to  hasten 
the  spread  of  the  Christian  religion  and  of  Christian  civilization,  among  the  millions  of 
Suddhists,  who  inhabit  Central  Asia,  and  who  speak  and  read  in  Tibetan  idioms. 

A  yet  more  definite  object  influenced  my  own  personal  linguistic  researches,  in  as 
much  as  I  had  undertaken  to  make  preparations  for  the  translation  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tares  into  the  Tibetan  speech.  I  approached  and  carried  forward  this  task  by  way  of 
a  careful  examination  of  the  full  sense  and  exact  range  of  words  in  their  ordinary  and 
common  usage.  For  it  seemed  to  me  that,  if  Buddhist  readers  were  to  be  brought  into 
contact  with  Biblical  and  Christian  ideas,  the  introduction  to  so  foreign  and  strange  a 
train  of  thought,  and  one  making  the  largest  demands  upon  the  character  and  the  imagi- 
nation, had  best  be  made  through  the  medium  of  a  phraseology  and  diction  as  simple, 
as  clear,  and  as  popular  as  possible.  My  instrument  must  be,  as  in  the  case  of  every 
successful  translator  of  the  Bible,  so  to  say,  not  a  technical,  but  the  vulgar  tongue. 

Thus,  in  contrast  to  the  business  of  the  European  philologist,  engaged  in  the  same 
domain,  who  quite  rightly  occupies  himself  with  the  analysis  and  commentary  of  a  lite- 
rary language,  the  vocabulary  and  terminology  of  which  he  finds  mainly  deposited  in 
the  speculative  writings  of  the  Buddhist  philosophers,  it  became  my  duty  to  embrace 
every  opportunity,  with  which  my  presence  on  the  spot  favoured  me,  to  trace  the  living 
powers  of  words  and  of  expressions  through  their  consecutive  historical  applications,  till 
I  reached  their  last  signification  in  their  modem  equivalents,  as  these  are  embodied  in 
the  provincial  dialects  of  the  native  tribes  of  our  own  time. 

These  circumstances,  it  is  hoped,  will  excuse  and  explain  the  system  of  my  work. 

As  an  inventory  of  the  whole  treasure  of  the  language,  as  a  finished  key  to  its  lite- 
rature, this  Dictionary,  when  judged  by  the  high  standard  of  modern  lexicography,  may 
seem  inadequate ;  I  have,  for  instance,  been  unable  to  consult,  much  as  I  could  have  wished 
to  have  done  so,  all  the  original  and  translated  treatises  in  Tibetan  which,  down  to  the 
present,  have  appeared  in  Europe,  and  the  reader  of  a  Tibetan  work  may  thus,  here  and 
there,  look  in  vain  for  the  assistance  he  expects.  On  the  other  hand,  a  consistent  attempt 
is  here  made  for  the  first  time,  1.  to  give  a  rational  account  of  the  development  of  the 
valaes'and  meanings  of  words  in  this  language;  2.  to  distinguish  precisely  the  various 


IV 

transitions  in  periods  of  literature  and  varieties  of  dialect;  3.  to  make  sure  of  each  stcj^ 
by  the  help  of  accurate  and  copious  illustrations  and  examples.  I.  have  done  my  utmost 
to  arrive  at  certainty  where,  heretofore,  much  was  mere  guess-work,  and  I  cherish  the 
hope  that,  from  this  point  of  view,  my  contribution  will  be  welcomed  by  the  comparative 
philologist,  and  will  be  serviceable  to  the  general  cause  of  learning,  as  well  as  a  useful 
volume  within  that  narrower  circle,  whose  requirements  I  was  specially  bound  not  to 
overlook,  of  persons  whose  main  purpose  is  to  be  taught  how  to  write  and  speak  the  mo- 
dem Tibetan  tongue. 

There  are  two  chief  periods  of  literary  activity  to  be  noticed  in  studying  the  origin 
and  growth  of  Tibetan  literature  and  the  landmarks  in  the  history  of  the  language.  The 
first  is  the  Period  of  Translations  which,  however,  might  also  be  entitled  the  Classical 
Period,  for  the  sanctity  of  the  religious  message  conferred  a  corresponding  reputation 
and  tradition  of  excellence  upon  the  form ,  in  which  it  was  conveyed.  This  period  be- 
gins in  the  first  half  of  the  seventh  century,  when  Thonmi  Sambhota,  the  minister  of 
king  Srongtsangampo,  was  sent  to  India  to  learn  Sanskrit.  His  invention  of  the  Tibetan 
alphabet  gave  a  twofold  impulse:  for  several  centuries  the  wisdom  of  India  and  the  in- 
genuity of  Tibet  laboured  in  unison  and  with  the  greatest  industry  and  enthusiasm  at  the 
work  of  translation.  The  tribute  due  to  real  genius  must  be  awarded  to  these  early  pioneers 
of  Tibetan  grammar.  They  had  to  grapple  with  the  infinite  wealth  and  refinement  of 
Sanskrit,  they  had  to  save  the  independence  of  their  own  tongue,  while  they  strove  to 
subject  it  to  the  rule  of  scientific  principles,  and  it  is  most  remarkable,  how  they  managed 
to  produce  translations  at  once  literal  and  faithful  to  the  spirit  of  the  original.  The  first 
masters  had  made  for  their  later  disciples  a  comparatively  easy  road,  for  the  style  and 
contexts  of  the  writings,  with  which  the  translators  had  to  deal,  present  very  uniform  fea- 
tures. When  once  typical  patterns  had  been  furnished,  it  was  possible  for  the  literary 
manufacture  to  be  extended  by  a  sort  of  mechanical  process. 

A  considerable  time  elapsed  before  natives  of  Tibet  began  to  indulge  in  compositions 
of  their  own.  When  they  did  so,  the  subject  matter,  chosen  by  them  to  operate  upon, 
was  either  of  an  historical  or  a  legendary  kind.  In  this  Second  Period  the  language  shows 
much  resemblance  to  the  modem  tongue ,  approaching  most  closely  the  present  idiom  of 
Central  Tibet  We  find  a  greater  freedom  in  construction,  a  tendency  to  use  abbreviated 
forms  (thus  the  mere  verbal  root  is  often  inflected  in  the  place  of  a  complete  infinitive), 
and  a  certain  number  of  new  grammatical  combinations. 

The  present  language  of  the  people  has  as  many  dialects,  as  the  country  has  provinces. 
Indeed,  as  in  most  geographically  similar  districts,  well  nigh  every  separate  mountain 
valley  has  its  own  singularities  as  to  modes  of  utterance  and  favourite  collocations  of  words. 
Especially  is  it  interesting  to  note,  in  respect  to  pronunciation,  how  the  old  consonants, 
which  would  seem  to  have  been  generally  sounded  and  spoken  twelve  centuries  ago,  when 
the  Tibetan  written  character  came  into  existence,  and  which,  at  any  rate,  are  marked  by 
the  primitive  system  of  writing,  remain  still  extant;  every  one  of  them  can  still  be  disinterr- 
ed, somewhere  or  other,  from  some  local  peculiarity  of  language,  and  thus  even  the  very 
diversity  of  modem  practice  can  be  made  to  bear  testimony  to  the  standards  imposed  by 
what  was  termed  above  the  Classical  Period.  (Compare  my  Essay  on  the  Phonetic  System 
of  the  Tibetan  language  in  the  Monthly  Reports  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Science  at 
Berlin  1867,  p.  148  etc.) 

I  have  already  adverted  to  the  circumstances  which,  especially  in  the  case  of  the 
student,  who  has  for  immediate  object  to  learn  how  to  read  and  write  the  Tibetan  language, 
render  existing  dictionaries  almost  if  not  quite  useless.  They  give  but  scanty  information 
concerning  modes  of  construction,  variations  and  limits  of  actual  application ,  shades  of 


meaning  etc.  In  my  own  case,  I  was  forced  from  the  beginning  to  compile  my  own 
German-Tibetan  dictionary,  and  found  myself  for  all  practical  purposes  thrown  back  upon 
my  own  resotirces.  But  the  cause  of  truth  appears  to  require  a  further  word  or  two  in 
regard  to  the  Lexicon  by  Professor  I.  J.  Schmidt  of  St  Petersburg,  the  relation  of  that 
work  to  Its  predecessors  having  been  left  by  its  author  in  some  obscurity. 

The  first  Tibetan  dictionary,  intended  for  European  students,  was  published  at  Seram- 
pore,  as  long  ago  as  1826.   It  contains  the  collections,  amassed  in  view  of  a  dictionary 
and  grammar,  by  a  Roman  Catholic  missionary,  who  was  stationed  in  eastern  Tibet  or 
dose  to  the  frontier  in  Bhotan.   There  was  nothing  to  assist  him,  except  the  scanty  con- 
tributions, given  by  Georgi,  in  his  Alphabetum  Tibetanum.   He  had  to  cope  with  an 
entirely  unworked  language.  He  evidently  took  the  one  way  possible  of  making  acquaint- 
ance with  it,  sufficient  to  enable  him  to  understand,  to  speak,  to  read  and  write.   Each 
word  or  sentence  was  jotted  down,  as  soon  as  it  was  heard,  or  was  committed  to  writing, 
at  the  request  of  the  learner,  by  some  native  expert.   After  a  while,  the  attempt  could  be 
made  to  master  a  book.   In  the  instance  of  our  missionary,  Padma  Sambhava's  book  of 
legends  appears  to  have  been  selected,  a  work  which  represents  rather  a  low  level  of  li- 
terature, yet  just  on  that  account,  perhaps,  as  a  specimen  of  popular  and  current  literature, 
not  unsuitable  to  start  from.    Then,  step  by  step,  as  best  he  could,  our  missionary  had  to 
possess  himself  of  some  abstract  views,  which  would  serve  as  a  preliminary  basis  for  a 
grammar.  And  had  it  been  granted  to  this  first  occupant  of  the  field  to  reduee  his  materials 
to  an  ordered  system  and  to  prepare  them  himself  for  publication,  it  is  possible,  that  in 
Europe  the  knowledge  of  the  Tibetan  language  might  have  reached,  some  fifty  years 
earlier,  the  stage  at  which  it  has  now  arrived.   The  very  name  of  that  Roman  Catholic 
missionary,  however,  has  been  lost.   The  papers  which  he  left  behind  him,  unsorted  and 
uoisifted,  came  into  the  hands  of  Major  Latter,  an  English  officer,  and  were  passed  on 
by  him  to  Mr.  Schroter,  a  missionary  in  Bengal.    English  was  substituted  for  the 
Italian  of  the  manuscript,  and  the  East  India  Company  made  a  grant  which  defrayed  the 
cost  of  the  Tibetan  types  and  the  further  expenses  of  printing.  But  there  was  no  Tibetan 
scholar  to  correct  the  proofs.   The  author  himseK  would  doubtless,  on  reconsideration, 
have  detected  and  dismissed  much  erroneous  or  unnecessary  matter.   As  it  was,  many 
additional  mistakes  crept  in  during  the  passage  through  the  press.  Thus  the  work,  though 
it  has  a  richer  vocabulary  than  can  be  found  in  the  later  dictionaries,  cannot  on  any 
questionable  point  be  accepted  as  an  authority,  and  has  only  value  for  those  who  are  al- 
ready competent,  for  themselves,  to  weigh  and  decide  upon  the  statements  and  interpre- 
tations it  advances.  I  have  not  been  able  to  extract  from  it  much  that  was  serviceable  to 
me.   Nevertheless,  any  one  who  knows  by  experience  what  time  and  toil  such  a  work 
must  have  cost,  though  its  design  remained  unfulfilled  and  its  object  unaccomplished,  will 
not  easily  be  able  to  repress  his  indignation  at  the  tone,  in  which  this  book  in  the  preface 
to  his  Grammar  (p.  VI)  is  recklessly  and  absolutely  condemned  by  Professor  Schmidt. 
High  praise,  however,  is  awarded  by  the  Professor  to  a  second  work,  the  Tibetan- 
Ekiglish  Dictionary  by  Csoma  de  KSros,  which  appeared  in  1834.   This  work  deserves 
aH  eulogy;  but  the  Professor's  manner,  which  imitates  that  of  a  master  commending  a 
pupil,  is,  though  on  other  grounds,  as  unwarranted  and  as  ofifensive  in  this  as  in  the  former 
case.   The  work  of  Csoma  de  Koros  is  that  of  an  original  investigator  and  the  fruit  of 
almost  unparalleled  determination  and  patience.  The  compiler,  in  order  to  dedicate  him- 
self to  the  study  of  Tibetan  literature,  lived  like  a  monk  for  years  among  the  inmates  of  a 
Tibetan  monastery.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that,  with  the  knowledge  he  certainly  must  have 
possessed  of  the  later  language  and  literature,  he  should  have  restricted  the  scope  of  his 
labours  to  the  earlier  periods  of  literature,  and  when  in  his  Grammar  conversational 


phrases  are  q[uoted  as  exitm,ple&,  tixej  are  almost  withopA  exception  in  iJbie  4i^cl  o|!,ibe. 
Kangyur,  and  of  little  practical  value. 

This  Tibetan-English  dictionary  by  Csoma  has  been  adapted  for  a  6^09411  publiCy 
by  Professor  I.  J.  S  ch  m  i  d  t  of  St.  Fetersbai^  The  txaoislation  from  ^glish  in^o  German 
is  good;  in  the  general  alphabetic^  arrangeJinent  improyemant^  have  bsen^iniroda^e^v,  - 
and  such  as  are  in  conformity  with  t^^spirit  of  the  l,angjaage ;  jnox^eoy%  three  Moi^oliaa^ 
dictionaries  have  been  consulted,  ajid  from  these  a  c^rtyin  n^fnbfsj*  of  word^  haT^  b^^^sapr, 
plemented.  But  it  cannot  be  said  that  evei^  oiji  tjie  ^orl^/of  revision  Profes6CMrr^^^,midt  \ 
has  bestowed  much  pains.  For  example,  C sola's  roi^  gro^ping  of  words  p^qderth^  P[rin- 
cipal  headings  is  left  unaltered,  though  here  e^pepially  a  r^ductipn  to  alphabetical  prdcx, 
was  obviously  required.  Mistakes  aipid  superfluities,  ve^'y  pardonable  ip  i^  case /of  a  fy^^ 
issue  of  an  original. publication,  ar^  repeatesd  in  this  tmnslatlQUi  and  die§e^,cim]?K>t  b^  s^i 
readily  overlooked  and  condoned,  when  they  are  made  at  seeoi^d  hand^  anid  ^e,s^U2<5tioi)ie<|/ 
and  subscribed  to  by  on^  who  has  assumed  so  severe  p,  critical  and  re4iitoi!ial  at43iti^d/^. 

.    The  national  dictionaries  of  Tibet  itself,  so  far  as  I  have  met  with  su^h,,  ar^  either, ; 
little  handbooks,  meant  only  to  furnish  a  correct  prthogrf^phy,  <>r  ^hey  aaro..glQ)56we^rpf^ . 
antiquated  forms.   The  absence  of  an  alphabetical  order  i^  thep^  mak^S  tbc^  bu3i](^9  p£^. 
reference  very  troublesome.   It  is  by  great  good  luck  that  one  sometimes  finds  an  other- 
wise unknown  word  after  a  prolonged  search.  ^        '  1 1 

My  own  dictionary,  in  the  main,  pursues  the  object  and  accepts  the  plan  of  the  work, 
which  was  published  by  Mr.  Schroter.  As  I  said  at  the  beginning,  I  have  not  restricted 
myself  to  the  Classical  Period,  but  I  have  endeavoured  to  deal  with  the  Tibetan  language 
as  a  whole,  though  I  do  not  pretend  to  have  performed  this  task  exhaustively.  My  dic- 
tionary derives  its  matter  and  its  principles,  so  far  as  possible,  equally  from  the  literature 
and  from  the  speech  of  the  people.  Each  word  has  been  made  the  object  of  observation 
in  its  relation  to  the  context  as  it  occurs  in  books,  and  in  its  value  and  place  among 
others  when  it  is  used  in  common  conversation^  and  then  the  attempt  has  been  made  to 
define  its  range  and  to  fix  its  meaning. 

All  the  words,  cited  by  C soma  and  Schmidt,  even  such  as  I  myself  had  never  seen 
or  heard,  I  have  embodied  in  this  work,  stating,  in  each  case,  the  source  from  whence  I 
drew  them. 

The  signification  in  Sanskrit  has  been  added,  whenever  this  seemed  likely  to  be 
useful  or  interesting  to  the  student  of  Tibetan  literature.  Of  proper  names  only  the  most 
important  are  given. 

The  great  number  of  diacritical  marks  will  perhaps  prove  irksome  to  the  English 
reader;  yet,  they  were  not  to  be  dispensed  with,  if  the  pronunciation  of  Tibetan  letters 
and  words  was  to  be  represented  wiUi  any  degree  of  exactness,  and  the  method  of  Prof. 
Lepsius  seemed  the  most  eligible  among  all  the  systems  available  for  my  purpose.  The 
student,  however,  need  not  be  disheartened,  as  he  is  not  obliged  to  make  himself  acquaint- 
ed with  all  the  minutiae  of  the  system,  but  need  only  direct  his  attention  to  the  peculiari- 
ties of  that  dialect,  within  the  limits  of  which  his  inquiries,  for  the  time,  are  confined. 
And  by-the-by  it  may  be  observed,  that  the  multitude  of  little  marks,  of  manifold  descrip- 
tion, cannot  be  startling  to  the  Indian  reader,  who  was  ever  necessitated  to  make  himself 
familiar  with  systems  quite  as  complicated,  as  e.g.  the  Urdu  alphabet. 

One  word  more  of  apology.  Of  publications  in  general  it  has  been  said,  that 
"when  human  care  has  done  its  best,  there  will  be  found  a  certain  percentage  of  error". 
And  the  probability  is  but  too  great,  that  this  .dictionary  will  exhibit  a  number  of  defi- 
ciencies and  faults,  in  the  English  text  as  well  as  in  the  Tibetan  transcript  Still,  I  ven- 
ture to  hope  that  an  indulgent  Public  will  be  ready  to  make  every  reasonable  allowance; 


Vlt 

in  consideration  of  the  peouBar  difBcahies,  which  attach  to  the  execution  of  a  work  like 
the  present,  and  which,  moreover,  were  not  a  little  increased,  in  this  instance,  by  the 
fact  that  the  compositors  of  the  press  were  altogether  unacquainted  with  EncMsh. 

I  should  be  guilty  of  great  ingratitude,  if  I  were  not  to  mention  my  ooKgations  to 
two  firiends,  without  whose  kind  and  efficient  aid  it  wonld  have  been  impossible  for  me, 
in  my  present  infirm  state,  to  complete  this  work,  which  was  commenced  in  the  days  of 
heahli  and  vigour,  viz.  to  the  Rev.  T.  Reiehelt,  formerly  a  Missionary  of  the  Moravian 
Church  in  South  Africa,  and  to  Mr.  F.  W.  Petersen,  a  relative  of  mine. 

Farther,  I  desire  to  record  my  obligations  for  Various  acts  of  kindness,  encouragement, 
assistance  and  advice,  during  the  prosecution  of  my  researches  and  the  completion  of  my 
work,  to  A.  0.  Burnell  Esq.  M.  R.  A.  S.,  in  India;  Dr.  E.  Schlagintweit  in  Bavaria, 
Dr.  Thomson  and  Dr.  Aitchison  of  Kew,  Dr.  Eurz  of  Calcutta,  and  R,  LaingEsq. 
M.  A.,  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford. 

Not  the  least  debt  of  gratitude  is  that  which  I  owe  to  Dr.  R.  R  os t  in  London,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  to  whose  exertions,  indeed,  the  execution  of  this  work 
is,  properly  speaking,  entirely  due,  inas  much  as  he  kindly  interested  the  Indian  Govern- 
ment on  behalf  of  my  undertaking. 

Herrnhut,  January  1881. 

H.A.J. 


INTRODUCTION. 


L    THE  TIBETAN  ALPHABET. 


CONSONANTS. 


The  names  of  all  the  Consonants  sound  in  a,  pronounced  like  the  a  in  the  English 
word  'far', 
'n  lea  pronounced  like  the  French  c  —  car     ^  7na  mart 


p  Ua  like  the  English  c  or  k  —  cart 

^  ga  harder  than  the  English  (hard)  g 

R  wa  ng  —  pang 

5  ha  the  soft  English  g  —  ginger 

£  {fa  ch  —  chare 

E>  j  —jar 

^  nya  the  French  gn  —  campagne 

^  to  the  French  t  —  tard 

ig  ta  the  English  t  —  tart 

^  da  dart 

&i  na  nard 

^  pa  the  French  p  —  pas 

^  pa  the  English  p  —  part 

^  ba  bard 


5  Ua  (is)  parts 

<5  fsa  (aspirated) 

^  dza  (ds)  —  guards 

Q  wa  waft 

^  2:a  (zh)  like  the  English  s  in  leisure 

3  2:a  like  the  English  z  —  zeal 

Qy  ^a  (basis  for  vowels) 

^  •)  ya  yard 

^  •*)  ra  rasp 

Cq  Za  last 

^  ^a  (sh)  —  sharp 

?|  sa  salve 

« 
^  ha  half 

l?J  'a  (basis  for  vowels) 


*)  yt  yo,  when  combined,  as  second  consonant,  with  k-  and  p-sonnds,  or  with  m, 
is  written  under  the  first  letter,  assuming  the  shape  of  ^^  thus  (^  hya^  3  W^^ 
^  ^w^ya  etc. 

**)  ;^  ra^  when  combined  as  second  letter,  with  k-,  t-  and  p-sounds  is  written  under 
the  first,  in  the  shape  of  -./,  thus:  ^,  kra^  S  ^^'  5  ^'*"  ®^'  —  When  com- 
bined with  another  consonant  as^rst  letter,  it  is  written  over  the  second,  thus : 
Tf\  rkay  £^  r/ia,  5  rda  etc.,  but  it  is  seldom  heard  in  speaking. 

The  so-called  Sanskrit  Cerebrals  are  represented  in  Tibetan  letters  by  ?,  P,  ^,  JB,  ^, 


IX 

and  when  in  this  dictionary  they  are  transcribed,  they  are  marked  by  a  dot  underneath : 

U  f,  4y  9,  i' 

The  figure  <  (wa-zur  or  small  wa)  attached  to  the  foot  of  a  letter,  is  often  used  to 
distinguish  homonyms  in  writing ,  e.g.  <3b  ^a  hot  and  m  ^a  (fswa)  salt. 

The  doty  which  stands  at  the  end  of  every  syllable  and  of  every  word,  is  called  Tseg 
(fieg)  and  is  indispensable  for  a  correct  writing  or  reading. 

When  ^  stands  as  a  prefix,  it  is,  when  transcribed,  represented  by  y^  e.g. 
yiig,  ^f)^  ytam  etc. 

VOWELS. 

The  alphabetical  order  of  the  vowels  is:  a,  i,  u,  e,  o;  they  have  in  Tibetan  the  same 
sound  as  they  have  in  German^  Italian^  and  most  other  European  languages:  a  sounds 
like  the  English  a  in  ^far',  i  like  ee  in  'peer*  or  i  in  'pin',  u  like  u  in  'rule'  or  in  'pull',  e 
like  a  in  fate'  or  e  in  'met',  o  like  o  in  'note'  or  in  'not'. 

As  the  vowel  a  is  inherent  in  every  consonant,  so  that  even  a  single  letter  may  form 
a  word,  e.g.  R'  ba  (cow),  ^T  sa  (earth),  there  is  no  special  character  or  letter  required 
fortius  vowel.  The  other  four  vowels  are  represented  by  little  hooks,  ^  standing  for  *,  ^ 
for  tt,  **"  for  ^,  *^  for  o.  The  marks  for  i,  e^  o  are  placed  over  the  letter,  that  for  u  under 
it  Examples :  ^^'^  pad-ma,  K'  ri,  ^'  me,  ^^'  bu-mo. 

The  letter  B^  is  used  as  a  basis  for  initial  vowels,  thus:  If^S^  'a-ma;  the  letter  (^ 
serves  as  a  basis  for  initial  and  final  vowels:  w^ST  ^o-ma^  ^^FP^  ^^' 

The  vowel-sounds  of  (\  when  transcribed,  are  indicated  by  the  mark  ^:  Q^  ^a,  Q^^t, 
Qi^tt,  Qy  ^e,  2\  ^0,  whilst  the  B^ -vowels  are  denoted  by  the  mark  '  placed  over  the  re- 
spective letters:  B^  'a,  I?)  V,  ^  \  \^  'e,  9^  o.  —  The  real  nature  of  the  letters  (^  and 
tf{  is  treated  of  in  the  latter  part  of  the  Introduction. 

Whenever  (^  is  a  prefixed  letter,  the  mark  ©,  in  transcribing,  is  put  under  the  con- 
sonant following  the  Q^  e.g.  Q^  ^du,  ^^^R'  ^gro-ba. 

Note.  For  a  ready  'finding  of  words'  in  the  Dictionary,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind, 
that  the  articles  are  arranged  in  the  alphabetical  order  of  the  initial  consonants  and  their 
prefixed  and  supej'scribed  letters.   Thus:  n|_^n|_qm_;f|_a_«a_.  n— ^m__Qra_ 

etc.  etc. 


IL  PRONUNCIATION. 

With  regard  to  the  language,  with  which  I  am  dealing,  it  must,  on  the  one  hand, 
be  admitted,  that  distinctions  between  sounds  and,  especially,  variations  in  the  mode  of 
expressing  their  values  as  embodied  in  a  written  character,  are  far  more  numerous  in 
Tibetan  than  either  in  Sanskrit  or  Hindi,"  in  which  two  languages  there  is  really  littie  or 
noopeakig  for  mistake  or  ambiguity  in  this  respect.  But  on  the  other  hand,  Tibetan  is 


X 

scarcely  more  irregular  than  Frendi  pronunciation,  and  a  few  definite  i-uks  enjoy  uniter- 
sally  recognized  acceptation.  ,     - // 

There  is,  however,  one  special  difficulty  in  the  case  of  Tibetan  which,  at  thel  present ' 
stage  of  that  language,  renders  it  practically  impossible  to  set  up  an  eqafable  and  authoi- 
ritative  standard  of  pronunciation,  and  this  is  the  existeiice  of  a  great  number  of  indcpett*- 
dent  and  well-defined  dialects.  An  attempt  to  deal  partially  ^^ith  this  difficnlty,  —  to 
append,  let  me  suppose,  to  every  word  from  three  to  five  different  pronubcfations  would 
involve  a  waste  of  time  and  an  extension  of  space  quite  disproportionate  to  the  value  of  ' 
the  result.  And  yet,  if  one  has  to  strike  a  preference  in  leivour  of  one  particular  diklect, 
it  is  very  hard  to  determine,  which  is  to  be  selected.  At  first  sight,  it  might  seem'tHe 
most  natural  course  to  fix  upon  the  speech  of  the  best  educated  classes  in  the  capital  city 
Lhasa.  But  when  this  method  was  followed,  or  when  at  least  an  endeavour  was  made  t6 
act  upon  it,  by  Georgi  and  then  by  Schroter,  only  scant  approval  was  bestowed  upon 
it  by  European  critics,  and  there  were  and  are  several  reasonable  arguments  to  be  urged 
against  its  adoption.  Of  all  the  dialects  this  presents  to  the  European  ear  and  tongue  the 
greatest  difficulties,  and  accommodates  itself  least  readily  to  the  written  character.  Moife- 
over,  in  my  own  case,  I  have  to  add  that  I  do  not  consider  myself  sufficiently  master  of 
it  to  care  to  risk  its  application  to  each  individual  word.  Besides,  modem  political  cir- 
cumstances make  this  dialect,  for  the  present,  the  least  available  for  general  use. 

Csoma  chose  a  much  more  manageable  and  a  much  more  widely  circulating  m6de' 
of  pronunciatioB,  tliough  one  which  presents  problems  of  its  own,  when  it  has  to  be  fitted 
to  the  written  character:  the  West-Tibetan  dialect.  Here  again,  in  representing^eaofe 
separate  word,  one  has,  in  reality,  to  make  choice  between  two,  three  or  fotir  pronuncia- 
tions, of  whidi  one  agrees  best  with  the  written  character,  another  conforms  closest  to 
the  rules  of  spelling,  a  third  recommends  itself  as  that  most  frequent  in  conversational 
language;  In  my  own  smaller  Tibetan  dictionary  I  went  no  farther  than  to  distinguish 
between  two  principal  groups,  which  I  termed  West-Tibetan  and  Central-Tibetan;  but 
in  a  more  scientific  work  like  the  present  I  may  permit  myself  to  call  more  minute  at- 
tention to  the  niceties  and  refinements  of  the  language  before  us.  I  Jiave,  accordingly, 
published  a  number  of  specimens  from  my  note-book,  in  which  I  kept  a  collection  <rf  typ- 
ical words,  of  which  [I  availed  mysdf  as  often  as  I  had  the  opportunity  of  meeting  the 
representatives  of  remote  districts,  and  of  enquiring  concerning  their  manner  of  speech 
at  home.  Whenever  in  this  collection  a  word  had  not  been  entered  on  sound  native 
authority,  or  had  not  been  sufficiently  discussed,  I  preferred  to  mark  it  with  a  note  of 
interrogation,  and  not  to  allow  any  conclusion  from  analogy,  or  any  theory  of  pronun- 
ciation to  interfere  with  the  design  of  my  handy-book  and  its  simple  and  unprejudiced 
statem^it  of  fact.  I  may  therefore,  I  hope,  claim  for  this  list  a  high  degree  of  trust>- 
.  worthiness,  even  among  collections  of  the  kind,  into  which  words  can  sometimes  hAve 
slipped,  as  they  had  been  heard  once,  and  perhaps  were  not  heard  again. 

In  order  to  denote  the  pronunciation,  I  follow  the  scheme  of  Professor  L opsins. 
Some  objections  have  been  ui^ed  against  this  scheme;  yet,  amongst  all  systems  of  the 
kind,  80  far  as  I  have  become  acquainted  with  them,  I  have  no  hesitation  in  affirming 
that  of  Professor  Lepsiustobe  the  best,  and  it  is  certainly  also  that  most  appropriate 
for  my  purpose.  A  thorough  study  of  the  ^Standard  Alphabet  by  R.  L  epsius,  2****  edi-^ 
tion,  London,  Williams  and  Norgate.  Berlin,  Hertz,  1868'  may  be  recommended  to  all 
persons,  who  interest  themselves  in  phonetic  investigations.  As  I  can  scarcely  take  it  for  " 
granted,  that  the  work  mentioned  will  be  already  in  the  hands  of  every  one,  who  may 
consult  my  dictionary,  I  shall  endeavour,  as  briefly  as  possible,  to  indicate  its  essential 
plan  and  principles.  Its  rules  may  be  stated  as  follows : 


XI 

^  pr4er  to  vd^rk  somd,  Lepsius  uaes  the  letters  of  the  ordinary.  Latin  alphabet. 
Where  these  are  insufficient,  he  calls  in  the  aid  of  a  few  Greek  letters.  Letters  are  used 
wkh.the  powers  they  m^st  geqeraUy  possess  in  European  languages.  (Thus  z  has  its 
nsu^  force^  and  4o^  npt  staaid  for  the  peculiar  sound  ts,  which  belongs  to  it  in  the  Ger- 
man iaoguageaJoAeO  Sq^^4s  which,  lack  exact  representation  are  indicated  by  cUacriHcal 
maurks^  priced  above  or  below  the  letters  which  most  nearly  correspond.  Every  simple 
sowd.ijs  rQpi>9^ented  by  pIl^  ^nd  only  one  simple  mark.  Explosive  and  fricative  conso- 
nantSiXt|iese  term$  will  be  e;cplained  below)  are  denoted  by  different  letters. 

'  Jhe  folio wiug  marks  or  sigiB  are  for  vowels  t  the  well  known  sign(")  for  a  short,  and 
(")  for  a  long  vowel;  the  mack  of  a  modified  vowel  (•);  German  a,o,u,  is  placed  by  Lep- 
sius, for  practiciU  reasons,  below,  not  above  the  vowel  (a,  q.  \f) ;  to  dot  under  the  vowel 
denotes, fli  close  vowel-sound  (^  ==  a  in  fate,  q  in  note);  a  horizontal  line  under  the  vowel 
denotes  a  nwwe  ©pen  vowel-soimd  {§  in  'there',  q  in  'or,  cord',  which,  indeed,,  supersedes 
the  a  mentioned  abov^);  the  mark  Q)  above  the  vowel  indicates  a  nasal  quality,  the 
breath,  passings  whil^  uttering  the  sound,  to  a  considerable  extent  through  the  nose  (the 
Franc Va»,  $»,  .<>^,  im'  «=  <f,  /,  ^  <?), 

tn  marking  ^onsonantSy  tbere  is  first  the  distinction  to  be  noted,  that  they  are  partly 
expf^iv0s^  formed  by  a  rapid  process  of  closing  and  re-opening  the  passage  of  the  air  at 
a  certain  point,  partly  fi'icatices  and  Uguids,  formed  by  a  partial  process  of  compressing 
or  jDArrowii^g  the  air-passage;  and  secondly,  they  are  distinguished  in  regard  to  ike  ex- 
act spot^  where  the  process  of  aarticulation  takes  place.  The  lowest  articulation  takes 
place  in  the  f^uccU  reffion,  dose  to  the  larynx  (here,  for  example,  h  is  formed);  next 
comes  the  guttural  region,  at  the  throat,  near  the  soft  palate  and  uvula  (here  k  is  formed); 
it  is  marked,  when  necessary,  with  a  dot  above  the  consonant;  then  the  palatal  region, 
the  hard  palate,  (here  the  German  ch  is  formed  in  'ich');  the  mark  is  a  stroke  like  the 
acute  accent  in  Greek  over  the  consonant;  then  the  dental  region^  at  the  teeth  and  gums 
(dj  t,  s,  sh),  mi  finally  the  labial  region^  at  the  lips  (b,  p,  m).  There  exists  a  further 
clasp  of  consonants  in  the  Lidian  languages,  and  also  in  modem  Tibetan,  which  are 
styled  0e>:etrals;  they  are  most  of  them  modified  dentals,  formed  by  bending  or  curiing 
the  tongue  upwards,  |and  bringing  the  tip  of  it  into  contact  with  the  hard  palate  in  the 
cenifre  or  toward  the  hinder  part  of  its  roof;  mark,  a  dot  under  the  consonant 

Many  of  these  letters,  in  order  to  become  audible,  require  in  pronouncing  them  a 
certaip.fwai&c  effort;  others,  to  say  the  least,  allow  or  suggest  such  an  effort;  the  mark 
of  these  vocalized  consonants  is  a  small  ring  under  the  letter.  When  this  vocalic  effort 
is  nMide  by  the  medium  of  the  nasal  channel  alone,  the  oral-passage  being  simultaneovisly 
closed  at  3pnxe  one  of  the  points  indicated  above,  we  get  the  nasal  consonants  as  a  result. 
Wben  tbe^  stoppage  is  made  at  the  guttural  point,  ng  is  obtained  (to  be  marked  n);  at 
the  deotal  point,  n;  at  the  labial  point,  m.  In  order  to  conform  with  the  two  final  rules, 
cited  above  from  Lepsius,  the  Greek  letter  %  is  used  to  represent  the  German  ch,  when 
it  jys  guttnn4  uxd  bai*d,  as  in  the  word  'doch';  use  is  made  of  the  Greek  ;-,  when  it  is  soft 
or  ^companied  by  a  vocalic  tone  (the  Dutch  g);  j(  gives  the  force  of  a  palatal  ch  (Ger- 
man, 'icb'  r=  ij[,  'milch'  «=  miljf);  x^  is  used  to  represent  the  strong  English  th  (as  in 
'thr<>ugh') ;  d  renders  the  softer  or  vocalized  tone  (as in  'that');  a  hard,  sharp  and  hissing 
s  or  ss  (afi  in  'yes',  'press)  is  marked  as  s;  the  soft  vocalic  s  (as  in  'his',  'rise')  is  repre* 
senf^d.by.  ss;  the  hard  rushing  sotmd  sh,  German  sch,  is  rendered  by  S;  the  sound  of  the 
Freocji  j^bj  .s-  If  one  attempts  to  give  at  the  palatal  point,  where  the  English  y  (in 
'y^^'),  <ur,the  Qerman  j  (in  'Jahr')  is  formed,  the  sound  sh,  German  sch,  one  obtains  the 
Tpakfti^l  8y  or  the  softened  and  vocalized  z.  In  the  Dictionary  i  and  i  have  been  substi- 
tuted for  these  marks. 


XII 

Further,  in  many  languages,  what  are  properly  combinaiions  of  two  consonants  come 
to  be  regarded  as  simple  forms,  this  happening,  either  because  they  are  gradual  gro'^^^ths 
upon  an  original  simpler  form,  or  because  they  have  a  natural  affinity  to  each  other.  Thus 
properly  dental  sibilants  should  be  distinguished  thus:  ^,  ds;  but  for  the  sake  of  simpli- 
city Lepsius,  in  his  second  edition,  marks  them  (Tand /,  or,  with  their  palatal  force,  ^ 
and  )  (instead  of  tf  and  j). 

A  further  example  of  the  combination  of  consonants  is  presented  in  what  is  known 
as  aspiration y  when  the  letter  h  is  brought  into  more  or  less  intimate  connexion  with 
another  consonant.  This  introduces  us  to  a  very  important  distinction,  belonging  to  the 
Tibetan  language,  which  it  is  necessary  to  explain  at  some  length,  in  accordance  with 
which  explosive  consonants,  as  they  have  the  force  of  tenues,  mediae,  or  aspiratae,  are 
treated.  The  ):enue8  are  produced  by  a  sudden  opening  of  the  air-passage  at  one  of  the 
points  above  mentioned:  throat,. teeth,  lips,  such  opening  being  unaccompanied  by  any 
sensible  operation  of  the  breath  whatsoever.  Thus,  when  quite  exactly  sounded,  k,  t,  p, 
are  produced.  The  mediae,  g,  d,  b,  are  produced  by  the  same  process,  carried  out  in  a 
milder  and  less  abrupt  way,  (the  peculiar  English  pronunciation  will  come  under  con- 
sideration later).  The  aspiratae  require  a  decided  pressure  by  the  breath  (they  will  be 
found  marked  by  the  spiritus  asper  above  the  letter:  Af,  fyp).  In  northern  Germany,  in 
England,  and  in  Scandinavia,  modern  educated  speech  recognizes  only  mediae  and  aispi- 
ratae,  for  we  give  an  aspirated  sound  to  every  k,  t  and  p.  The  French  and  the  Magyars 
distinguish  consciously  the  pure  tenues  from  the  mediae;  on  the  other  hand  they  ignore 
the  aspiratae.  Tibetan  pronunciation  makes  room  and  requires  a  mark  for  all  three  gra- 
dations. Nay  more,  it  augments  the  class  of  explosive  consonants  or  mutae  by  the  ad- 
dition of  the  dental  sibilants  in  all  three  ranks  or  grades  of  aspiration:  ^,  <£,'  ^  and  ^5, 
db,  R,  or  according  to.  the  Standard  Alphabet:  by  ?,  j  and  <8,  fs,  dz.  At  a  later  stage  of 
the  language  some  further  modifications  were  introduced,  which  we  shall  subsequently 
allude  to. 

Let  us  now,  passing  fiom  these  general  observations,  draw  attention  to  a  few  details 
of  the  Phonetic  Table,  which  has  been  drawn  up  in  deference  to  a  wish  that  reached  me 
from  several  quarters. 

The  first  colunm  of  the  Table,  now  under  review,  gives  the  ancient  Uteral  pronun- 
ciation, as  it  was  in  vogue  in  the  seventh  century  of  our  era,  and  was  settled  at  the  time 
of  the  invention  of  the  alphabet.  Such  a  pronunciation  relies,  after  all,  for  its  justification 
on  the  hypothesis,  that  the  inventors  of  the  alphabet  had  for  their  first  object  to  re- 
produce, as  exactly  as  possible,  an  artistic  reflection  of  the  natund  value  of  sounds  as 
spoken  by  their  contemporaries:  that,  therefore,  a  later  pronunciation  is  most  in  con- 
formity with  the  original  genius  of  the  language,  if  it  gives  with  the  greatest  distinctness 
a  special  power  to  each  written  character.  A  reference  to  the  Table  will  amply  illustrate 
the  fact,  that  a  pronunciation,  adopted  on  these  principles,  has  actually  maintained  itself 
in  one  or  the  other  provincial  dialect,  and  it  is  veiy  interesting  to  notice,  that  the  purest 
and  most  striking  forms  of  this  survival  have  their  homes  in  those  districts,  which  are 
most  i^mote  from  and  least  subject  to  the  disintegrating  and  dissolving  influences  of  the 
actual  centre  of  Tibetan  civilisation,  the  capital  Lhasa.  Thus  the  prefixes  and  the  super- 
scribed consonants,  for  the  most  part,  are  still  sounded  at  each  extremity  of  the  whole 
territory,  within  which  the  language  is  spoken,  both  on  the  Western  and  the  Eastern 
frontier,  alike  in  Shams,  which  borders  on  China,  and  in  fialti,  which  merges  into  Kash- 
mere.  Moreover,  in  both  localities  the  same  minor  irregularities  occur,  transgressions 
against  an  exact  rendering  of  the  pronunciation  according  to  the  letters,  the  same  frequent 
transformations  of  the  tenues  into  the  aspiratae,  g  and  d  (compare  lower  dovm)  becoming 
/"  or  X,  b  becoming  w.  Now,  about  twenty  degrees  of  longitude  separate  Balti  from  ELhiuns, 


xm 

and  the  former,  embracing  Islam ,  long  since  cut  itself  adrift  from  spiritual  and  religious 
cohesion  with  Tibet,  and  there,  too,  the  dialect  in  other  respects  has  greatly  deteriorated, 
has  admitted  many  foreign  elements  and  has  fallen  altogether  from  the  position  of  a  lite- 
rary language.  The  resemblances  and  correspondences  noted  can,  therefore,  scarcely  be 
accounted  for  in  any  other  way,  than  by  assuming  that  an  old  and  strong  instinct  of  speech 
lived  on  in  oral  tradition  for  more  than  ten  centuries  on  the  outskirts  of  the  Tibetan  do- 
main, which  in  the  intermediate  provinces  has  gradually  surrendered  and  submitted  to 
the  spirit  of  change. 

Columns  2 — 6  contain,  on  most  pages,  the  provincial  dialects  in  their  geographical 
sequence  from  West  to  East.  The  dialects  of  Ladak,  Lahoul  and  Spiti  correspond  to 
what  in  my  smaller  Tibetan  dictionary  I  called  the  dialect  of  Western  Tibet.  The  last 
named,  Spiti,  represents  in  some  respects  the  transition  to  the  dialects  of  Eastern  Tibet, 
nnder  which  heading  Tsang  and  0  are  to  be  classed.  At  the  date  of  the  publication  of 
my  former  dictionary  I  was  unacquainted  with  the  dialect  of  Khams.  Where  a  space  is 
left  vacant  in  the  columns,  the  provincial  pronunciation  agrees  with  the  model  provided 
under  column  1.  Towards  the  end  of  the  Table,  where  the  anomalies  become  much  more 
frequent,  I  hav^  for  the  sake  of  clearness  repeated  the  word. 

The  sign  ^  (which  does  not  occur  in  this  Table)  was  pronounced  ==:  'JJj  or  ^  in  the 
substantive  terminations  ha  and  bo  (v.  Diet.  p.  362),  viz.  =  the  English  w,  so  that  ^ 
sounded  exactly  like  the  French  word  m. 

The  Accent.hsk^  seldom  been  marked,  because,  as  in  our  Teutonic  dialects,  it  gene- 
rally rests  on  the  root  of  the  word.  In  the  case  of  compounds,  it  more  frequently  fells  on 
the  last  than  on  the  first  of  the  component  parts.  But  accentuation,  altogether,  is  not  of 
great  sigmficance  in  this  language. 

With  regard  to  Quantity ^  vowels  are  pronounced  shorter,  even  in  open  syllables, 
than  is  the  case  for  instance  in  England  and  Germany.  This  applies  particularly  to  the 
Central  Provinces.  Absolutely  long  vowels  occur  only  as  a  peculiarity  of  dialect.  They 
indicate  d^at  a  consonant  h^  been  dropped,  in  most  provinces,  s,  in  tT,  gs,  in  Tsang,  1. 
A  long  vowel  may  also  indicate  the  blending  of  vowels.  But  when  in  tf  and  Tsang  the  d, 
(as  in  cf-pd)  and  when  in  Lahoul  the  g  (as  in  fo\pii'T6n)  is  partially  dropped,  the  vowel 
likewise  maintains  a  short  abrupt  pronunciation.  Moreover,  the  region,  to  which  I  have 
just  refeired,  is  that  in  which  the  spoken  language  has  been  greatly  affected  by  a  foreign 
linguistic  principle.  A  system  of  Tones  hag  been  introduced  imder  manifestly  Chinese 
auspices.  I  am  told  by  European  students  of  reputation,  who  have  made  the  Tonic  lan- 
guages of  Eastern  Asia  their  special  deps^tment,  that  only  the  first  principles  of  what 
are  known  as  the  high  and  low  Tones ^  have  made  their  way  into  Tibetan.  Here,  as 
in  the  languages  of  Farther  India,  generally,  which  possess  an  alphabetic  system  of  writ- 
ing, the  Tone  is  determined  by  the  initial  consonant  of  the  word.  This  I  have  generally 
indicated  in  column  7,  which  column  applies  only  to  the  Spiti,  Tsang  and  tJ  dialects.  The 
system  of  Tones,  as  in  Siam  and  elsewhere,  has  become  of  paramount  importance  in  de- 
termining distinctions  between  words.  An  inhabitant  of  Lhasa,  for  example,  finds  the 
distinction  between  -^  and  ^,  or  between  ?^  and  3,  not  in  the  consonant,  but  in  the  Tone, 

pnmouncing  ^  and  ^  with  a  high  note  (as  my  Tibetan  authorities  were  wont  to  describe 

it^with  a  woman's  voice',  shriU  and  rapidly),  (^  and  3,  on  the  coniarary  with  a  low  note, 

and,  as  it  appeared  to  me,  more  breathed  and  floating.  This  latter  distinction  is  still  more 
apparent  with  regard  to  those  low-toned  aspirates,  that  in  the  course  of  time  were  intro- 
daoed  in  Central  Tibet  instead  of  the  mediae,  in  contraposition  to  which  now  the  original 
aspirates  are  used  as  high-toned;  so  more  particularly  in  the  dialect  of  Spiti.  The  low- 
toned  a^irate  I  have  indicated  by  h,  the  high-toned  by  the  mark  of  the  spiritus  asper  *. 


XIV 


Those  letters  of  the  alphabet,  which  as  simple  initial  consonants  have  a  deep  tone,  be- 
come with  a  superscribed  letter  or  with  a  prefix  high-toned,  so  also  ^,  when  subscribed. 
The  tenues  remain,  it  would  appear,  unaffected  by  the  Tone.  With  reference  to  the  mo- 
difying effect  of  a  final  w,  d,  and  w,  in  different  provinces,  the  Table  may  be  consulted. 
The  characterisation  of  the  rushing  sounds  as  'palatals'  is  no  doubt  correct  and  agrees 
with  the  generally  prevailing  pronunciation;  but  the  learner  need  not  consider  it  as  being 
of  much  importance. 

The  two  letters,  ^  and  l?|,  introduce  us  to  a  very  interesting  linguistic  phenomenon. 

We  meet  here  with  the  idea  of  the  vowel  absolute,  the  pure  vocalic  note,  freed  altogether 
from  any  presence  of  a  consonant.  This  vowel- tone  is  rendered  by  the  letter  of  the 
alphabet  Q^,  in  contradistinction  to  l?|,  which  represents  the  Semitic  N,  the  spiritus  lenis 

of  the  Greeks,  the  audible  re-opening  of  the  air  passage  of  the  larynx.  The  difference 
may  be  observed,  for  example,  in  the  manner  of  uttering  the  words,  'the  lily,  an  endogen' 
and  in  the  pronunciation  of  'Lilian'  (a  name),  in  Tibetan  Sj*a|TfJ<r  and  (^^(^(^^(r.  Thus, 

whenever  in  the  middle  of  a  word  one  vowel  succeeds  another  (hence  also  in  all  diph- 
thongs), (^  is  used.  Again,  in  Tibetan,  as  in  every  form  of  human  speech,  it  cannot  but 
be  the  commonest  of  occurrences  for  a  vowel  to  follow  a  consonant,  and  the  strict  rule 
might  seem  to  require  the  vocalic  tone  to  be  always  indicated,  which,  according  to  Csoma, 
was  originally  done.  However,  as  the  Tibetan  language ,  adopting  the  principle  from 
Sanskrit,  deems  the  sound  of  a  to  be  naturally  inherent  in  every  consonant,  while  the 
other  four  vowels,  as  mere  subspecies  of  the  vowel  absolute,  are  indicated  by  little  hooks 
above  or  below  the  letter,  and  as  the  end  of  a  syllable  is  always  marked  by  a  dot  (called 
fseg)^  the  function  of  ^  in  this  capacity  was  soon  seen  to  be  quite  superfluous.  Its  use  is 

necessary  only  to  obviate  ambiguities,  when  for  instance  one  of  the  five  letters,  used  as 
prefixes,  precedes  a  consonant  with  a;  e.g.  the  word  ^^',  would  be  read  'mad';  whereas 

SI^Q^',  written  thus,  implies  that  the  vowel  does  not  precede  but  follow  the  consonant  d, 
and  consequently  the  m  is  prefix,  and  the  word  to  be  read  'mdu\  If  the  vowel  is  not  a, 
the  sign  of  such  vowel  suffices,  e.g.  ^^   vido ;    ^^K  nulaOy  standing  now  for  ^^P^» 

Some  practical  difficulty  attends  the  pronunciation  of  the  pure  vowel  as  an  initial  letter. 
In  order  that  the  effect  of  the  consonant  l?|  may  not  be  produced,  it  is  necessary,  after 

opening  the  larynx,  to  allow  the  tone  gently  to  set  in  and  then  to  let  it  gradually  gaia 
fulness  and  force.  I  shall  indicate  this  process  by  the  mark  ^.  The  sound  would  be 
still  more  accurately  represented  than  it  is  in  the  Table,  thus:  ^adr-po^  ^uug-pa  etc.  Im- 
proper are  the  expedients  of  some  of  the  dialects,  the  sound  being  hardened  to /'in 
Ehams,  to  l?l  in  Western  Tibet;  also  Csoma's  device  of  indicating  it  by  an  h  is  inade- 
quate. This  is  a  case  ill  which  the  true  pronunciation  has  been  preserved  in  the  Central 
Provinces,  perhaps,  because  it  almost  necessarily  implies  the  effort  connected  with  the 
low  Tone,  above  referred  to,  so  that,  when  the  invading  system  of  Tones  had  here  estab- 
lished its  authority,  it  acted  as  a  conservative  element. 

Finally,  this  vocalic  tone  can  be  used  in  connexion  with  certain  consonants.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  indicate  it  in  Tibetan,  when  it  accompanies  liquidae  (w,  n^  w,  r,  I)  and 
sibilants;  but  with  the  mutae  it  must  be  marked,  where  the  effect  is  that,  with  which  we 
are  familiar  in  the  case  of  the  English  mediae,  b,  d,  g,  j,  for  instance  in  'be,  do,  go,  jew\ 
In  Tibetan  the  vocalic  effect  accompanies  aspirates  too,  and  is  marked  by  ^,  placed  as  a 

prefix,  which  I  transcribe  thus  o,  e.g.  Qf^  ^du  =  the  English  do.  The  pause  on  the  tone 


XV 

IS  of  course  in  the  case  of  mutae  a  very  short  one.  Here  again,  though  only  in  the  case 
of  the  mediae,  we  find  this  peculiarity  preserved  in  its  purity  in  Centr^  Tibet.  It  is  not 
difficult  to  understand,  t^w,  if  one  is  careless  about  closing  the  nasal  passage^  a  nasal 
articulation  of  this  prefix  can  easily  grow  common.  This  has  happened  throughout 
Khams,  and  in  the  rest  of  Tibet  at  least  in  compound  words;  at  Lhasa  it  is  considered 
inelegant,  as  is  also  the  spunding  of  any  prefix.  On  the  other  hand,  the  dialect  of  Central 
Tibet  neglects  the  distinction  between  5J  and  Q^  and  pronounces  the  former  only  as  a 
vocalic  initial.  In  words  from  the  Sanscrit  the  (\  is  used  in  some  respect  as  a  'mora',  to 

denote  a  long  syllable,  e.g.  3  for  ^;  hence  the  opinion  of  Lamas  of  Lhasa,  that  it  ex- 
presses pposodical  length,  when  used  as  above  in  ^^^, 

^  mya,  is  not  found  in  use  in  any  of  the  dialects.  The  sole  confirmation  of  its  liter- 
al pronunciation  depends  upon  the  word  myari-ha  which,  perhaps  a  thousand  years  ago, 
found  its  way  into  the  Bu-nan  language  (Tibar-skad,  Cunningh.)  and  which  the  people  of 
I^oul',  when  speaking  Tibetan,  pronounce  nyan-wa.  The  process  of  transition  to  the 
cerebiilJ  ^out^ds  in  the  words  kro/drpa  etc.  is  in  many  places  not  yet  completed,  so 
that  1  the  sound  of  r  is  still  more  or  less  clearly  distinguishable.  The  PreJLres  have  al- 
l^ays  constiitated  the  most  perplexing  phenomena  in  the  Tibetan  language.  At  the  time 
of  the  invention  of  the  alphabet  they  mast  have  represented  a  sort  of  anticipatory  sound 
jii&  dose  connexion  with  the  initial  consonant  of  the  word.  Certain  seeming  impossibili- 
ties of  pronunciation,  when  one  has,  for  instance,  to  deal  with  a  prefix  together  with  a 
threefold  initial  consonant  (f^\  ^^)  ^^^^^^^  ^^^  formidable,  and  not  more  embarrass- 
ing than  those  which  meet  us,  for  example,  in  the  Polish  language,  when  we  ascertain 
Aat  in  fiahi  and  Ehams  the  three  explosive  prefixes  are  pronounced  as  fricatives,  in 
vJiu^  case  v  must  be  written  for  w.   Thus  ^3*^'  ybi-wct^  ^W  tckra^  R^F^  wsgrags 

caSfor  no  greater  exertions,  than  do  the  Polish  chciwyy  wkrdtce^  wskroL-  Our  strongest 
groirad  for  assuming  this  fricative  pronunciation  to  be  that  of  antiquity  is,  I  think,  that, 
had  it  been  explosive,  words  like  ^HJ^'*  ^^F^  would  have  coincided  with  ^'^  ^^.  Yet 

it^must  be  acknowledged  that  a  pronunciation  bbu^  bka  etc.  exists,  side  by  side  with  wdu, 
wka  etc.  —  ^,  as  a  liquid,  offers  no  difficulty.  —  P^,  as  a  prefix,  is  no  consonant. 

A  doubt  must  still  cling  to  ^,  and  I  do  not  venture  to  determine  its  ancient  pronun- 
ciation. It  is  by  a  strange  anomaly  that,  in  most  dialects,  when  prefixed  to  ^,  both  it  and 
the  initial  consonant  die  away  into  a  spiritus  lenis;  and  almost  still  more  singular  it  is, 
that  where  it  still  asserts  an  independent  force,  in  Khams  and  in  Balti,  it  is  sounded  like 
^  with  the  power  oiy.   The  investigations  of  Lepsius  go  indeed  to  prove,  that  ^  and  ^ 

arc  complements  to  each  other;  but  how  came,  at  t^e  beginning,  two  letters  to  be  chosen 
as  signs  for  one  and  the  same  sound?  Most  probably  the  original  sound  was  ^,  which 
then  very  soon  passed  into  y.  The  variations  between  r  and  s  in  Ladak  afford  no  sure 
hold  for  drawing  inferences. 

The  purpose,  for  which  the  Phonetic  Table  was  drawn  up,  will  have  been  attained, 
if  I  succeed  in  convincing  my  readers,  1.  that  for  scientific  objects  the  pronunciation,  as  it 
is  ^ven  in  Column  1,  is  the  most  suitable,  and  that  with  a  good  conscience  it  can  be  re- 
commended in  the  place  of  that  introduced  byCsoma;  2.  that  its  system  is  regular  enough 
to  render  it  unnecessary  to  give  the  pronunciation  of  every  individual  word  throughout 
the  work;  3.  that  I  present  in  this  Table,  in  regard  to  the  various  dialects,  as  much  in 
the  way  of  results  as,  down  to  the  present,  it  has  been  possible  for  European  students  to 
aocpiire  and  to  pot  into  shape  for  the  service  of  a  European  public. 


XVI 


III.   PHONETIC  TABLE 
FOR  COMPARING  THE  DIFFERENT  DIALECTS. 

The  columDS  2—6  are  arranged  according  to  the  geographical  site  of  the  provinces  from  West  to  East 

I.  Words  containing  only  simple  consonants  and  vowels. 

1  2  3  4  5  6  7 

West.  Tibet  Central  Prov. 

Ehams 


ka-ra 

kug  =  cook 
hun 
Han-pa 
gan 
nal 

narir^a 
H 

cad-pa 
^an-pa 
'Serirpo 
)a 
nmn 
iuMril 
fan 

fab  =  fdp 
fog 

fod-pa 
da 

dvd^a 
nad  =  ndt 
pan-pa 
pug-Ton 
ha 
hal 
bu 

bur-mo 
bod 
mig 
me 
fsil 
dza-U 
wor-tse 
za 
kag 
za 
zan 
^ar-po 
^ug-pa 
^o-7na 
^od 
^ol-mo 
yah 
yan-pa 
yal-ga 
yin 
yvl 


Ladak 

Lahoal 

ku' 

tir 

pu'-ron 

mi' 

ia' 

'ar-fo 

^ar-po 

'ug^a 

^ug-pa 

'a-^ma 

^o-ma 

'od 

'od 

^ol-mo 

'ol-mo 

Spiti 

Tsang,  0 

kun 

ghan 

ghan 

nd  Ts. 

nem-pat. 

ik'-pa 

^em-pa 

iem-po 

jha 

jha 

fib-ri  Ts. 

fg'^a 

dha 

dha 

dhud-pa 

dh}A-pa 

7^' 

pevfi-pa 

hha 

^p» 

bhal 

bhdT%.bfbalfj. 

bhu 

bhu 

bhurmo 

bhvr-mo 

bhod 

hhg' 

^l 

^a 

sa 

sag 

hag 

sa 

sa 

san 

sen 

^J' 

o^t-mo  Ts. 

yd-ga 

yemrpa 

yw,ywT8. 

kun 


he 


nyen 

teb-rel 

fin 


wa 

wal 

teg 

wo-mo 

wod 


fsel 


zag 


yar-po 

yug-pa 

yo-ma 

yod 

yolrmo 

yen 


yen 


in  G.  higb- 
1  toned 

[  in  G.  deep- 
toned 


f  high-toned 
I  deep-toned 

high-toned 

deep-toned 
high-toned 

deep-toned 
high-toned 


I 


c 


XVII 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

West.  Tibet 

Central  Prov. 

Ehams 

Ladak 

Lahool 

Spiti 

Tsang,  C 

yod 

yo' 

1 

ral 

rd 

)  deep- toned 

rolr^mo 

rO-mo  Ts 

1 

lo-^ma 

J 

ha 

id 

I  high-toned 

sa 

^orma 

II.  Words  terminating  in  q*  or 

2f. 

za-ba 
ii'ba 

za-wa 
ii-wa 

sa-wa 
hi-^wa 

sa-wa 
M-wa 

si-wa 

i  deep-toned 

h^ba 

H-wa 

ki'-wa 

H-wa 

ii-wa 

high-toned 

hir-ba 

htr^wa 

hirwa 

ht-wa 

su-wa 

1 

jo-bo 

ja-wo 

)ho-iJDO 

)ho-wo 

dar-ba 

dar-wa 

dhar-wa 

dhar-wa 

I 

sol-ba 

solrwa 

aO-wa  Tb. 

high-toned 

III.  Words  terminating  i 

n^. 

Has 

Uas,  Ks 

Uai,  He 

m 

Ue 

high-toned 

ris 

risy  rl 

rl 

rl         rl 

rl 

rt 

ffus 

gus,  ga 

gui,  ga 

ghui    ga 

ghn 

g» 

du8 

dtts,  da 

dui,  da 

dJiui    da 

dha 

da 

>  deep-toned 

des 

des,  di 

d^ 

dhi      dS 

cm 

di 

Km 

Uos,  Kd 

Uoi,  Uo 

Md        Uq 

Un 

k§ 

high-toned 

gos 

gos,  go 

goiy  go 

gho      g6 

gho 

go 

1  deep-tofie«i 

Has 

tW,    O) 

coi,  ?J 

?i?         ?(? 

?<? 

C(J 

high-toi^ed 

nags 
rigs 

nag 
rig 

? 
? 

nag.,  na 
rig,  rl 

nag 
and 

deep-toned 

fugs 

%W 

fug 

? 

tugy  (a 

80 

forth 

high-toned 

legs 
pogs 
fdbs 

leg 

poa 

fab 

fau 

leg,le^ 
poa,  p6 
tdb 

fab 

deep-toned 
high-toned 

cAs 

S6(s) 

m 

ciu 

m 

m 

hibs 

kub(s) 

sub 

ha 

hib 

mb 

pebs 

lfeb(s) 

^eb 

p^ 

^eb 

peb 

^obs 

'ob(s) 

'ob 

M 

jxib 

yob 

deep-t&ned 

(cmS'Cdd 

fam(syidd 

fam-cdd 

fam-bdd. 

fam-b^^ 

fam-^ad 

high-toned 

goms-pa 

ffom(g)-pa 

gom-pa 

ghym-pa 

ghomrpa 

gom-pa 

deep-toned 

IV.  Words 

with  diphtho 

ngs. 

Ilai 

m 

Kaiy  Us 

Hi 

He 

high-toned 

en,  cl 

Cl 

hi 

cl 

hi 

but 

bui,  b& 

buij  bU' 

bhui 

bh» 

bif 

deep-toned 

da 

dei 

dhfi 

dm 

dl 

sai^ 

so 

high-ton^ 

gdu 

ghdH 

ghau 

ffa-yQ 

m 

and  so  forth 

jnia 

deep-toned 

rdd 

(^ra-ro) 

reo 

xvni 


2  3 

West.  Tibet 


4  5 

Central  Prov. 


no 

roo^  rO 
ruo 


kyan 


hjod 

gyi 

gyon-fa 

jhfug-po 

pye 
pyogs 

bya-mo 

hyi-ha,  byi-wa 
bye-ma 
byos 
mya-ndn 

kradrpa 

Krag 

Urims 

Urus 

kron-po 

gri 

dron-mo  • 

prvr-gu 

bra-bOy  bra-^o 

bran-sa 

svan-inci 

srin-mo 

hr^l-po 
klog-pa 

glog 

bla-ma 

zla-bay  zla-wa 
rlam-pa 
sla-mo 


rkan^a 
rgad-po 
rna 


Ladak 


Lahoul 


Spiti 


Tsang,  t 


V.  Words  with  subscribed  letters. 


Par.Bal;   Ld 
fh/ag  ^ag 


cug- 
po 


Wyug- 

po 
pe 

^og(s) 
bya-    ja- 

7no     mo 
bi-wa 
? 


Urag 
? 
gri 
pru-gu 

(B.  blan-sa) 
stran-ma  f 

strin-mo  B. 
hrul'po 

ylog  B. 

f 

Iza  B. 


^ag 
pi 

htg-po 

pe 
cog 

ja-mo 

bi-wa 
be-ma 
)os,joi,)g 
nya-ndn 

fad-pa 

t  im(8) 
fits;  ff} 
ion^a 
dri^  di 
don-mo 
iu-gu 
bra-     da- 
toOy     too 
dan-sa 

hran-ma 

srin-mo 

hrul-po 
log-pa 
hg 

la-ma 
{t)dar%oa 
\r)lan{s)-pa 
la-mo         i 


ghyi 

ghyon-pa 

cag 

cug-po 

}fe 
Sog 


nycMian 
tad-pa 

(ag 

iim 

iui 

fon-pa 

dhi 

dhon-mo 

fu-ghu 

dha-wo 

dhahsa 

sran-ma 

hrin-mo 

hruUpo 

log-pa 

hg 

la-ma 

da-wa 

Id'pa 

la-mo 


Uye' 

ghyi 

ghygm-pa 

(iag 

(hig-po 

^e 
(log  Ts.  c6  0. 

^ha-Tno 

jhi-wa 
jhe-ma 

nya-nen 
te'-pa  Ts. 

fag 

tim 

fu 

fgm-pa 

dhi 

dhon-mo 

fu-ghu 

<Pia^u)0 

dhansa 

hr4m-m>a 
yv\g,sem-ma 

srin-mo 
vulg.  siip-mo 

irul-po 

log-pa 

log 

la-ma 

da-wa 

lah-pa 

la-mo 


VI.  Words  with  superscribed  letters. 


f^es 


(r)ka7i-pa 
{r^gad-po 
(7')na 
l^j  he 


kan-pa 
gad-po 
na 


kan-pa 

gf-po 

ha 


Ebams 


'e 
'i/9 


hig-po 

cog 
f 

f 
f 

9 


tern 

f^ 

foTirpa 

di 

don-m^o 

fo^gg 

da-wo 

(jlan-sa 

8tran-ma 

8trin-mo 
srul-po 

ylog 

wla-ma 

Ida-wa 

rlen-pa 

sla-mo 


rkeh-pa 
rgad-po 
rna 


^  deep-toned 


kyen 
hfer-kyir 


*  high -toned 
deep-toned 

high-toned 

>  deep-toned 
high-toned 

/  high-toned 

i  deep-toned 
high-toned 

'  deep-toned 

'  high-toned 

deep-toned 
'  high-toned 


}hi| 


high-toned 


these  and  all 
the  rest  are 
high-toned 


iii 


2  3 

West.  Tibet 


mytn-pa 

rta 

rdo 

mon-po 

rba 

rmig-pa 

rtsa 

rtswa 

rdza-ma 

Iha 

Ican-ma 


t-mo 
Idag-pa 
Iham 
skom 
skra 

SffO 

sgra 

snyin 

stag 

sdon-po 

sua 

spu 

spyodnpa 

spria 

sbal-ba 

sbyar-ba 

sman 

smyon-pa 

smra-ba 

stsal-ba 


ydes-pa 

ytam 

ydufirha 

ynan-ba 

ynam 

ytsah-po 

yzu 

yzig 

yyog-po 

yher-pa 

yser 

dkar-po 

dkyil 

dgra 
£nil 
dp€*ia 


Ladak 

(yynyin-pa 
rta^  sta^  ta 
(r)do 
(r^non-po 
wa 

mig-pa 
%a 
m 

ziJhmal 
nay  ma 
ttan-ma 
(l^an-Mu 
(l)tad-mo 
(l)dag-pa 
lam 
skom 
hra 

day  ra 

non^o 

rtyin 

stag 

(s)don-po 

na 

(s)pu 

(s)bodrpa  I 

also  ^reu     i 
(s)baJrV3a  j 

har-wa  ' 
also  dari'bu 
(syman 
nyon-pa 
mra-wa 


Lahoul 

nyin-pa 

ta 

do 

non-po 

ba 

mig-pa 

sa 

8a 

za^ma 

na 

dan-ma 

jan-Ku 

tadrTno 

dag-pa 

lam 

kom 

sra,  ta 

da,  ra 

non^o 

nyin 

tag 

don-po 

na 

pa 

cod^a 

feu 

bal-wa 

zar-^va 

dan-bu 

man 

nyon-pa 

mra-^a 


{s)t»al-wa '  tial-wa 


4 

5 

Central  Prov. 

Spiti 

Tsang,  tJ 

nyin-pa 

nyin-pa 

ta 

ta 

do 

do 

non-po 

nom-po 

ba 

ba 

mig-ba 

mig-pa 

? 

tsa 

f 

tsa 

f 

dza-ma 

na 

na 

ban-mu 

can-ma 

)an-lcu 

jan-hi 

tad-mo 

te'-mo 

dag-pa 

dag-pa 

lam 

hlamoTxlam 

kom 

kom 

fa 

fa 

go 

go 

da 

da 

non-po 

ngm-po 

nyin 

nyin 

tag 

tag 

don-po 

don-po 

na 

na 

pu 

pu 

bod-pa 

hiV-pa 

fi^ 

m 

bal-wa 

bd-^wa  Ts. 
bal-wa  V. 

iar-^jca 

jar-tva 

dan-bu 

dan-bu 

man 

men 

nyon-pa 

nyom-pa 

f 

m{f)a-wa 

tsah-wa 

tsd-wa  Ts. 

tsal-wa  tJ. 

Khams 

myin-pa 

rta 

rdo 

mon-po 

rwa? 

mug-pa 


Ina 

Iten-ma 

^en-Mu 

Itad-mo 

Idag-pa 

Ikam 

skom 

itra 

sgo 

zdra 

snon^po 

snyen 

stag 

sdon-po 

sna 

spg 

swod'pa 

itre-yg 

zual-wa 

zuar-wa 

den-tog 

sman 

snyon-pa 

Sna-wa 

stioilrwa 


VII.  Words  with  prefixed  letters. 


Pur.      Bal. 
rtsod,  stsod 

Uan-^iut 

Itad-mo 

Iham- 
skom 

sgo 


bes-pa 

be-pa 

be-pa 

bi-pa 

ybl-pa 

tam 

tam 

tam 

tam 

ytam 

dun-wa 

dun-wa 

dun-wa 

dun-wa 

ydun-wa 

nan-wa 

nan-wa 

nan-wa 

nan-wa 

yneh-wa 

nam 

nam 

nam 

nam 

ynam 

Bal.  ynam 

tsan-po 

tsan-po 

tsarl-po 

tsan-po 

ytsen-po 

iu 

hi 

^u 

he 

y^o 

zig 

zi' 

sig 

sig 

pig 

yog-po 

yo'-po 

yog-po 

yog-po 

(r)gog-po 

^er-pa 

^er-pa 

ser-pa 

her-pa 

yier-pa 

or  gserpa 

ser 

ser 

ser 

ser 

yser 

Bal.  yser 

kar-po 

kar-po 

kar-po 

kar-po 

ykar-po 

kyil 

kyil 

kya 

kyil 

ykyil 

gu 

gu 

gu 

gu 

m 

4a 

da 

da 

da 

(r)da 

Bal.  ynul 

nul    (vnlgo 

mut)  nul 

nul 

nuT8,  nuia. 

yryul 

or  xmul 

pe-ia 

pe-ba 

pe-ba 

pe-ba 

ype-ba 

ype-ba 

b* 


XX 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

West.  Tibet 

Central  Prov. 

Ladak 

Lahoul 

Spiti 

Tsaug,  Xi 

Khams 

ma-dpe 

Tncta-pe 

mar-pe 

ma-pe 

mu-pe 

may-pef 

(s)pid 

pid 

bid 

bi' 

7M 

uaii 

uan 

UOfK 

tian  (vig.  an) 

yweh 

dbu 

'»* 

'u 

'u 

'u 

wo 

dbugs 

't«K«) 

V 

'ug 

'ugTs.'ui!!. 

vmg 

dhulfo 

'ul-po 

'ul-po 

'ul-po 

'a-po  T8. 
'ul-^o^  ul'po 
'em-pa    [0. 

ywol-po 

dben-fa 

'en-pa 

'en-pa 

'en-pa 

ywen-pa 

dbyar 

yar 

yar 

yar 

yar 

wyer 

dmar-po 

mar-po 

mar^o 

mar-po 

mar-po 

(j)mar-po 

dmyal'ba 

nyal-wa 

nyal-ica 

nyal-wa 

nyd-wa  Ts. 
nyal-tca  C. 
ka 

mnyaUwa 

bka^  vka 

ka 

ka 

ka 

vka 

bkra-sis 

M<«) 

ta-U 

ta-hl 

ta-ll 

bta-8l 

bgo'ba 

go-wa 

gO'Uja 

go-wa 

go-wa 

vgo-wa 

brgyad 

gyad 

gyad 

gyad 

gy^ 

vrgyad 

bcu 

bu 

du 

bu 

bu 

DbUy  bbu 

bbicg-mm 

dtig^m 

hcg-um 

bur-sum  f 

bu-mm 
bu-sum 

vbug-sum 

bhjb'hi 

bub-a 

bub-U 

bu-hi 

bu-H 

'  vbub-zif 

br^ed-pa 

ked^a 

ied-pa 

jed-pa 

)f-pa 

vfjed-^a 

btum-pa 

tum-pa 

tum-jM 

tum-pa 

tUm-pa 

btgm-pa 

bdun 

dun 

dun 

dun 

dun 

vdun 

bi^tse-ba 

se-^a 

se-wa 

tse-wa 

tse-wa 

vrUe-wa 

brdzun 

zun 

zun 

dzun 

dzun 

vrdzun 

bU 

hi 

H 

H 

H 

vie 

blib'ba 

iib-cu 

i^ib'CU 

U-buf 

hi-bu 

vieb-buf 

bzan-po 
bhaU-ba 

zah-po 

zan-po 

san-po 

mii-po 

vzen-po 

^aUwa 

^al*^a 

hal-wa 

M-wa 

vhel-wa 

bsU'ba 

m-wa 

su-tva 

m-wa 

mi-wa 

vag-wa 

bsreg-pa 

kreg-pa 

kreg-pa 

kreg-pa 

hreg-pa 
(,sea-pa) 
lab-pa 

vstrag-pa 

bslab'pa 

lab-pa 

lab-pa 

lab-pa 

vslab-pa 

mnar 

Uar 

Uar 

Kar 

Kar 

mMar 

mgo 

go 

go 

cfO 

don 

ogo 

mgo 

mgron 

don 

don 

o^on 

mdon 

mnar'(b)wa 

Aar-tva 

nar-wa 

nar^wa 

nar-wa 

mnar-wa 

mcin-pa 

Un-pa 

^n-pa 

Hn^a 

^m-ga 

m^en-pa 

mjin-pa 

jin-pa 

)in-pa 

^in-pa 

Jin-pa 

m^in-pa 

mfih 

tin 

fin 

fin 

fin 

(m)fen 

Tilda 

da 

da 

oda 

.da 

mda 

mfso 

fso 

feo 

fso 

fso 

mfso 

mdzo 

dzo 

dzo 

jizo 

dzo 
Ico-iva  Ts. 

mdzo 

Jol'ba 

Uol-wa 

Uol'Wa 

lioUwa 

nUol-tva 

^ul-ba 

gul-toa 

gul-wa 

^gul--wa 

^u-wa  Ts 
^gul-wa  C. 

ngul-wa 

^am-pa 

lam-pa 

^am-pa 

camr-pa 

"Sam-pa 

n^amrpa 

jam-po 

)am-po 

jam-po 

^jam-po 

Jam-po 

njam-po 

Jag-pa 

iag-pa 

fag-pa 

fag-pa 

fag-pa 

nfag-pa 

yge-Jiun 

gen-dun 

gen-dun 

ge{n)-dun 

gecn)-dunTs. 
ge-  dun  U. 
odf-jpa 

ygen-diin  f 

^dod'pa 

dt>d-pa 

dod-pa 

jiod-pa 

ndod-pa 

^pnr-ha 

][>ur-wa 

pwr-wa 

pur-wa 

pur-wa 

mpur-wa 

^pyi'ba 

pi-wa 
iod-pa 

pi-wa 

^i-wa 

ci-^wa 

nci-^va 

jnvd-pa 

iod-pa 

iod-pa 

fo-pa 

nfod-pa 

etc. 


Bal.  vrgyad 


Bal.  vdun 
Pur.  rdzrni 


%xt 


vka-Jbum 


2  3 

West  Tibet 


Ladak 

balh-pa 
kam^bum 
fsir-wa 
dzin-^a 


Lahoui 

balh-pa 
kam-bum 
fsir-wa 
dzifirpa 


4  5 

Central  Prov, 

Tsang,  ta 


Spiti 

J)cJHpa 
kam-bum 
fsir-wa 
dzin-pa 


Jbab-pa 
ka(mybum 

dzmi'pa 


6 

Ehams 

mbab-pa 
vkam^um 
nfsir-tra 
ndzen-^pa 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


ibbr. 

ace 

accus. 

act. 

adj. 

adv. 

A.R. 

At. 

B. 

Bal. 


Bbar. 

Bhot. 
Bum.  I. 


n. 


c. 
ce. 
c.e.s. 
ceapir 

cciidp 

cf. 
Chr.  P. 

Chr.R. 

col. 

collect 

com. 

comp. 

*oiij. 

contr. 

corr. 

correl. 

Cs. 

Gium. 

dat 

deriT. 

Desg. 

Do.  or  Dom. 

dab. 

DzL 


:  abbreviated,  abbreyiation 
accordini;^  to 
accusative  case 
active,  -ly 
adjective 
adverb,  -iaily 
Asiatic  Researches 
Arabic 

books,  book-langoage 
Balti,  the  most  westerly  of  the  districts, 

in  virhich  the  Tibetan  hinguage  is 

spoken. 
Bharata,  a  dialogue,   ed.  by  Dr.  A. 

Sehiefher. 
Bhotan,  province. 
Bumoaf,  Introduction  au  Buddhism 

Indien. 
Bumouf,  Lotos  de  )a  bonne  loi. 
Central  Tibet,  esp.  the  provinces  0  and 

Ts 


earn,  wit 

CODstruitur  cum,  construed  vrith. 

construed  with  the  accusative,  etc. 

construitur  cum  accusative  personae, 
instrumentativo  rei 

construitur  cum  instrumentativo  rei, 
dativo  personae  etc. 

confer,  compare 

Christian  writings  by  Protestant  mis- 
sionaries. 

Christian  writings  by  Roman  Catholic 
missionaries. 

cognate,  related  in  origin 

colloquial,  -ly 

collective,  -ly 

commonly 

compound  -s 

conjunction 

contracted 

Gorract,  -ly 

correlative, -ly 

Csoma  de  Koros,  Tibetan-English  Dic- 
tionary.    . 

Cunningham,  General,  Ladak  and  the 
surrounding  country. 

dative  case 

derivative 

Desgodins«  La  Mission  du  Tibet  de 
1856-1870. 

Do-mang,  a  collection  of  incantations. 

dubious 

Dzanglun,  an  ancient  collection  of  Le- 
gends of  Buddha. 


e.g.  =  exempli  gratia,  for  instance 

eleg.  elegant,  -Ty 

elsewb.  elsewhere 

emphat  emphatical,  -ly 

erron.  erroneous,  -ly 

esp.  especially 

euphemist     euphemistical,  -ly 

ezpl.  explain,  explanation 

extr.  extreme,  towards  the  end  of  a  longer 

article, 

fern.  feminine  gender 

jfig.  figurative,  -ly 

ft{\,  frequent,  -ly 

fut  future  tense 

gen.  general,  -ly 

gen.  genitive  case 

Glr.  Gyalrabs,  a  history  of  the  kings  of  Tibet 

Oram.  native  grammarians  or  grammatical 

wor& 

Gyatch.  Gyatcberrolpa,  Biography  of  Buddha. 

Hd.  Hindi  language. 

Hook.  Dr.  Hooker,  Himalayan  Journals, 

ibid.  ibidem,  in  the  same  place, 

id.  idem,  the  same 

i.  e.  id  est,  that  is 

imp.  imperative  mood 

impers.  impersonal,  -fy 

incorr.  incorrect,  -ly 

inf.  infinitive  mood 

init  initio,  at  the  beginning  of  a  longer 

article, 

inst.  instead 

instr.  ^  instrumentative  case 

interj.  *  interjection 

interr.  interrogative,  -ly 

intrs.  intransitive 

i.o.  instead  of 

ifr.  irregular, -ly 

Kb.  Khams,  eastern  pari  of  Tibet 

Kopp.  Koppen,  Die  Religion  des  Buddha. 

Kun.  Kunawur,  province  under  English  pro 

tection. 

Lat.  Latin 

Ld.  Ladak,  province. 

Ld.-Glr.  Ladak-Gyalrabs,  a  history  of  Tibet, 

ed.  by  Dr.  £.  Schlagintweit 

Lew.  Lewin,  Manual  of  Tibetan. 
Lex.,  Lexx.    Lexicons,  native  dictionaries. 

Lh.  Lahoui,  province. 

Lis.  Lishigurkhang,  glossary, 

lit  literally,  also  literature 

Ma.  Ma-ong-lung-bstan,  a  kind  of  Tibetan 

Apocalypse. 


XXII 


masc.      = 

Med. 

med. 

metaph. 
metoQ. 
Mil. 
Mil.nt. 

Mng. 

n. 

neut. 

nif. 

n.p. 

N.T. 

num. 

obs. 

opp. 

P- 

partic. 

pass. 

perb. 

Pers. 

pers. 

pf. 

p. 

pleon. 

p.n. 

po. 

pop. 

postp. 

prep. 

prob. 

pron. 

prop. 

proY. 

Pth. 

Pur. 

q.Y. 

rel. 

resp. 

Sambh.orSb. 

sbst 
Sch. 


Schf. 


masculioe  gender 

Schl.       — 

medical  works 

Schr. 

medio »  about  the  middle  of  a 

longer 

article 

sil: 

metaphorical,  -ly 

metonymical,  -ly 

sim. 

Milaraspa's  hundred  thousand 

Songs. 

sing. 

Milaraspai  nam-tar,  Milaraspa't 

i  auto- 

S.I.C. 

biography. 

Man-ngag-rgyud,  a  medical  work. 

S.O. 

name 

Sp. 

neuter  gender 

Ssk. 

ni  follor,  if  I  am  not  mistaken 

Stg. 

noun  proper 

symb.  num. 

New  Testament 

syn.orsynon. 

numeral 

Tar. 

obsolete 

as  opposed  to 

termin. 

page 

Thgr. 

participle 

passive,  -ly 
perhaps 

?Ky- 

Persian 

Trig. 

person,  personal 

perfect  tense 

trop. 

plural  number 

trs. 

pleonastic,  -ally 

Ts. 

0 

proper  name 

poetically 

Urd. 

popular  language 

V. 

postposition 

vb. 

preposition 
probably 

vb.a. 

vb.n. 

pronoun 

Vttlg. 

properly 

vulgo 

provincialism,  provincial,  -ly 
Padma  thangyig,  a  collection 

W. 

of  le- 

Was. 

gends  of  Padma  Sambhava. 

Wdk. 

Purig,  province. 

Wdn. 

quod  vide,  which  see 

w.e. 

relative 

Will. 

respectful,  -ly 

Wis. 

Shambhala,  a  fabulous  country 

in  the 

Wts. 

north  and  a  book:  Guide  to  Sb. 

substantive 

Prof.  Is.  J.  Schmidt,  Tibetisch- 

Deut- 

Z. 

sches  Worlerbuch. 

»           »    Tibetische  Grammatik. 

Zam. 

Dr.  A.  Schiefner. 

Dr.  E.8chIagijitweit,Bnddhism  in  Tibet. 

Schroter,  editor  of  the  first  Tibetan 
Dictionary. 

8had-gyud,  a  medical  work. 

Sikkim,  province 

similar  in  meaning,  similarly 

singular  number 

si  lectio  certa,  if  the  reading  is  to  be 
depended  upon 

Ser-od,  a  religious  work. 

Spiti,  province. 

Sanskrit 

Stan-gyur,a  collection  of  commentaries. 

symbolical  numeral 

synonymous 

Taranatha,  history  of  the  propagation 
of  Buddhism  m  India. 

terminative  case 

Thos-grol,  Direction  for  the  departed 
soul  to  find  the  way  to  eternal  hap- 
piness. 

Thargyan,  scientific  treatises. 

Triglot,  a  collection  of  Buddhist  terms 
in  Sanskrit,  Tibetan  and  Mongolian. 

tropically,  figuratively 

transitive 

Tsang,  province  of  Central  Tibet 

U,  »       »       »  » 

Urdu,  a  dialect  of  Hindustani. 

vide,  see 

verb 

verb  active 

verb  neuter 

vulgar,  low  expression 

in  common  life 

Western  Tibet 

Prof.  W.  Wasiljew,  Der  Buddhismus. 

Waidurya  Earpo,  a  mathematical  work. 

Waidurya  Nonpo,  a  medical  work. 

without  explanation 

Williams,  Sanskrit-English  Dictionary. 

Wilson,  Sanskrit  Dictionary. 

Wai-tsang-thu-shi,  a  description  of  Ti- 
bet, originally  Chinese,  ed.  by  Klap 
roth. 

Zangskar,  a  Eashmere- Tibetan  pro 
vince. 

Zamatog,  a  treatise  on  Tibetan  grammar 
and  orthography. 


EMENDATION. 


Page  122,  1st  column,  4  th.  line  from  the  top,  after  dignity,  are  to  be  inserted  the  following  words: 
2.  Cs.  exaggeration.  sgro-Qclogs-pa  1.  Sch,  to  bestow  the  peacock's  feather. 

Other  misprints  in  the  English  text  will  be  easily  recognized  as  such,  and  hardly  require  a  specification. 


TIBETAN-ENGLISH  DICTIONARY. 

1 


1 


fjy  ka  I.  the  letter  k,  tenuis,  =  French  c 

'  in  ca7\    —  2.  as  numerical  figure,  used 

in  marking  the  volumes  of  a  work:    one. 

—  ka-fo  alphabetical  register  ScL  —  kd- 
pa  the  first  volume  of  a  work.  —  ka-dpe 
a-b-C-book.  —  ka-jwihy  ka  smad  sum-cu, 
kd'li  the  Tibetan  alphabet 

m-  io  1,  an  additional  syllable,  so-called 

'  article,    affixed  to  some    substantives, 

numerals  and  pronouns,  v.  the  grammars. 

—  2.  pillar,  v.  ka-ba. 

^  ka  (kva)  Oh! 

mTw-  ka-kd    excrement,    (nursery    word), 
'    '    *ka'ka  tan-ce^  W.  =  French:  faire 


coca. 


^^  ka-ka  Ssk.  crow. 

YT  kanaka,  Ssk.  n^,  heron. 

mjjr^' ka-ka-ni  a   small  com    of   ancient 
'    '   ■  India  Cs. 

^'^'^'  ka-ka-^rdn  CUCUmber  Kun, 

m-yfrpr  ka-ko-la,  Ssk.  liS^t%  *  plant  bear- 
'  ing  a  berry-the  inner  part  of  which 
is  a  waxlike  and  aromatic  substance.  — 
ka-ko  prob.  means  the  same. 
Tjm  kor-M  the  a-b-c,  alphabet;  ka-lcai  fo 
' '  alphabetical  register,  ka-l^ai  dpe  a-b-c- 
book;  ka-^or-pa  abecedarian. 

'Tf^^  ka-m-ma  V.  M-ma. 

m^  kd'Ca  also  kd-ca,    goods,  things;    kd- 
'      ^ai   jyeS'SU  Jyi^dns-pai  rffydlpo    n.  of 
a  demon. 


m'C'W'  *«-^-J/«^   ^Is^  ka-tya.   n.   of  a  lo- 
'  '        cality  Mil.  Xi  r  -  ^  ^ .  .    ♦ '       /,  c\. 

'TS'  ka-tu  V.  ke-tu. 

«|.*<-x'  ka-td-ray  more  correctly  ka-lo^ra, 
'   /       /W.,  metal  cup,  dish,  basin. 

'^'^^  ka-fa-ra  Kun.  a  sort  of  peach. 
mxqr  ^«-<i«^j  also  ka-nas  dag^  pure  from 

'    '  '   the  beginning  Lex. 
mzx^  ^«-^«^'  (iromJiO^  Urd.  f)  only  in 

'  ^  the  phrase:  *ka^ar  co-ce^  to  be 
cautious,  take  care,  take  heed,  -la,  of. 

^'^'^  ka-pa4a  Ssk.  skull. 

'^  H  y  kor-pi-ta  gum,  resin  ScL 

;^gfr^  kaTn-jyo-rtse^  absurd  spelling  instead 

'  of  kam-bo'ja    Wdk. 

m-q-  kd-ba  *ka-ica^  1.  pillar,  pOSt;  *.  o^^Jt/^r- 

'  pa  to  erect  a  pillar.  —  2.  a  large 
vein  or  artery  in  the  abdomen.  —  Comp. 
ka-sked  shaft  of  a  column.  —  kd  can 
having  columns.  —  ka^ycig-sgo-Ycig  a  small 
house,  poor  cottage;  also  a  mode  of  ca- 
pital punishment  is  said  to  be  called  so, 
when  the  culprit  is  fastened  to  a  pillar 
in  a  dungeon  until  he  dies  of  hunger.  — 
ka-yag-pa  having  one  pillar,  ka-midh-ina 
having  many  pillars.  —  ka-cen  the  prin- 
cipal p.  (cf.  GxvXog  GaL  2.  9)  Tar.  182. 
10.  —  ka'7'ten  base  of  a  p.  Lea:.  —  ka- 
st^gs,  ka-yddn  pedestal,  base  of  a  p.  — 
ka-spuns  many  pillars,  -r-  ka-med  without 
a  pillar;  helpless,  destitute.  —  ka-rtse, 
ka-ydn-rtse  capital  of  a  pillar.  —  ka  ted- 

1 


^^^  ka-bed 


^^^  kdn-ma 


can,  sul'can  a  channeled  pillar.  —  ka- 
yhu  capital  of  a  pillar.  —  ka-yhi-yduh 
beam  of  the  capital  (pillars  are  mostly 
made  of  wood). 

^^^'  ka^H  prob.  a  sort  of  gourd   Wdh, 
ka-ma-i-u  1.  alabaster  ScL  —  2. 


T^'^' 


n.  of  a  country. 


d  to 
alabaster 


Tyr^'Qi'^-Qt-  ka-ma-la-si-la  n  of  a  famous 
'  '        ancient  pandita  or  Brahma- 

nical  scholar. 

m'^Qrx^r-  karmtd-^'dO'rcfydd  is  sai 
'  \^^  denote   a   sort   of  alabi 

or  of  steatite  in  C. 

m-^'S)^^'  ka-tsa-lindi  n.  of  a  fabulous,  very 
'  '    '  smooth,  stuff  or  cloth,  Gyatch, 

rjrjEr^-  kar-rtsamy    Ld,  ^kasani*,  prob.     a 
sort  of  oats;  differing  from  yug-po, 

accounted  superior  to  buckwheat,  but  in- 
ferior to  wheat. 

'       '     ™      book  cited  in  Glr. 
m^-  ka-ye   (kwa-ye)    oh!   holla!  hear!  so 
e.  g.    at    the    beginning  of  a  royal 
proclamation  PtL 

m-;^-  kd-ra  C,  ^  B,  sugar;  nel-ka-ra 
crystallized  s.,  sugar-candy,  rgydU 
mO'ka-ra  id.  ScL;  bye-rna-ka-ra  ground 
sugar.  —  ka-^ra-^a  tea  with  sugar;  ScA. 
'a  sweet  soup'?  —  ka-ra  tog-tog  sugar  in 
lumps.  —  kara-Hn  sugar-cane.  (W,  Ua-ra), 
Tjyx^'^X^  karra-hl'Ta,  also  ka'm-wi'ra(SsL) 

'  oleander  flower,  Nenum  odorum, 

mx^'^*  ka-^rah'dza  Ssh  a  medicinal  fruit, 

'     ^      Galedupa  arborea, 
rn-M'r'    ka-ran-dha  Pth.  more   correctly 
R     ka-ran-da,  Ssk.,  a  species  of  duck. 

^'^'  kd^ru  wedge. 

rnw'n*  ka-ld-pa     a    fabulous     place     or 
r\        country    in    the    north    of    Asia; 
also  n,  of  a  grammar  Cs. 
m'OJ'SlCm'     ka-la-pin-ka    (X:    'Ssk.,    n. 
'  '      of  a  bird',    WilL:   'kalapin 

peacock;  the  Indian  cuckoo'. 

^'^'^'  ka-la-sa  Ssk,  pitcher,  jar. 


m'QJOT    ^'1^9    W.  mudy  mixture  of  earth 
and    water    used   instead  of  clay 
(C,  ^  B.:  cjim-pa);  the  word  is  also  used 
for  other  similar  compounds. 

/T^^T  ka-lan-taka  Ssk,  n.  of  a  bird. 

^'^'  ka-li  1.  Skull  Lejc,  —  2.  =  ka-U  W. 

^^  ka4i  the  Tib.  alphabet,  v.  ka. 
rrrSj^'CT-     ka-lih-ga    Ssk.  n,    of  different 
'      tracts    in  the  eastern    part    of 
India;    ScL:  'Korea',  without  giving  fur* 
thcr    explanation;    perh.    Mongol    writers 

call  it  so?    Cl    «  Kao-^  ftV-.^c^^'-.")  -^^^Uki^. 

^^^'  ka4ib,  Ar.  ^s  bullet-mould  W, 

^^    ka-le,  also  ka-leb,  Saddle-cloth. 

m- n-  kd-sa  Ssk,  a  sort  of  grass,  Sac- 
q;  charum     spontaneum;      Tibetans 

often  seem  to  mistake  it  for  ku-sa  q.  v. 
rrr^'m'  ^«-^-*«  SsL,   adj.    of  Kasi  (Ba- 

'     '    '    naras);     inhabitant    of    Banaras; 
ka-^i'kai  ras^  a  sort  of  fine  COttoncloth. 
Tjy^       kd-suy    also  *kd'S0y  k<ju^  (perh.  a 

'  mutilated  form  of  bka-stsal)  resp. 

yes,  Sir!  very  well,  Sir!  at  your  service! 
(W,  also:  *kd-sarju*  v.  zu)  W,  frq.,  also 
6'.  ni  f.,  never  in  B, 

^^^  kdg-gis  suddenly  ScL 

^^^'  kdg-ma  mischief,  harm,  injury  Cs. 

^'^'  kanaka  Ssk.  heron. 

nTC^'^C^'%^'  ^/i-c?a/i-to  n.  of  a  terrifying 
'       '       '         deity  Glr.,  prob.  =  kih-kdn, 

which  is  said  to  signify  Rahula  (v.  sgra- 

yean  ^  drag-yhed.  in  drag-pa). 

mj;prm^^  kanda-kd-n  Ssk.  ('thorny') 
'         '  Wilson:  Solanum  Jaquint;  in 

LL  a  sort  of  wild  Rubus. 

7«c-  kady  Ld.  sometimes  instead  of  the 
'  affix  ka,  e.  g.  ynyis-kdd,  fsan-kdd; 

perh.  also  in  mnyam-kdd,  Thgy.f 

^^  kan  Med.  =  bad-kan. 
^'^^'  kdn-ma  middle  finger. 


\6'^^rH'^^^^C  2)-^-  S  li-oZ  '^^-^ 


w> 


^'3^  kdb-za 

7m'^    hab-za    (iUksao  Ar.^  W.  hitt,  handle 
'  of  a  sword, 

^^^  kdb-m  {JJ^  Pers.)  shoe;  in  W. 
esp.  the  leather  s^^oes  of  Hindu  fashion, 
which  ^re  also  bought  by  wealthier  Ti- 
betans. 

— ^^^  kavi'bo'dza  Sak.  n.   of  a  country 
'  in  the  northwest  of  India,    Wd/f,: 

kam-po-rtse. 

^^'  kau  watermelon  ScLO^^^^-^^  two- 

jmx:  ^'^'^  also  kar-kar,  great  pain,  suffering 

Tjusrzr     karka-ta    Ssk.    the     constellation 

••^     of  Cancer. 
— -.^-.  kar-skyin  loan,  when   respectfully 

I    Si   requested,  cf  skyin. 

^SF\  kar-cdg  register,  list 

kdi-mu  Ssh  ('deed,  action');  kar-ma- 


1 " 


y^j  .^ 


IJf ^  kug-rtee 


'^' 


pa   (in  Nepal   kamiika)  name    of  a 


philosophic^  school  of  Buddhism. 
m^'SJnr  *"'*"2/^'    porcelain,    china-ware, 

'  -cup  etc. 

— «,™-~ /:tf/-/«w-ia ,    b\so  k^r-lan-ba  y    tO 

'  stand  up,  to  rise. 

^j^jj.^^   or  y    kar-sa-pa-ni  or  wa,  Ss/-. 

'       •        '  ^      mi^iMUl?  a  <^^^  ^'^  a^' 

cient    India,    or   rather   a  weight  of  gold 
and  silver,  <»f  different  value  (not  =  'cow- 
ries', as  Sch  seems  to  think). 
;ypr(u-  kdl-ya,    also    kaUyor,   W,   col.  in- 

'  st«ad     of    kar-yol,     the    former 

seems  to  be  a  corruption  of  ^tf^is. 

^  ki  numerical  figure:  31,  ki-pa  the  31st 
'     (volume). 

^^)^'  ki-kdh  wild  leek  Sch. 

^\^   kt'ffu  n.  of  tliB  vowel-sign  for  i,  ^. 

J^~    ki-ma  DzL    ^^   ace.    to    Schf.    a 
'  corruption  of  the 

Chinese  khin,  a  lyre  with  7  strings.  (Pil- 
grim, of  Fa-Hian  Calc.  1848  p.  265). 
^"^      ki'tsi  tickling  W.y  "ki-tri  kvcf-ce*  to 
I         tickle. 


'^^t   kin-kdh  v.  kah-dah-kin. 

^^  ^  kf'm^pa  n.  of  a  fruit,  Le,r. 

Tjyku   numerical    figure:    61;    kiz-pa    the 
nJ  61st  (volume). 

^  ku,  kusgra  B.,  ^ku-co*   W,  clamOUr. 

m-x-^j-  ku-na-Ia,  ku'7id'Ia  Ssk,,  n.  of  a 
n1  ^        bird  in  the  Himalaya. 

^R  ku-ba  Wdh,  gourd. 

m-^x'  kii-be-ra  Ssk,  the  god  of  riches, 
\1  also    Nofj'ku'beraj    Rnam-fos-kyi' 

buy  Rnam-fossrdsj  Lag-na-^dd-rye  etc. 
rrrjrr'  ku-nm-da  Ssk.    the    flower  of  the 
>i        '  red   and    white    lotus,    Nymphaea 
rubra  and  esculenta, 

'T^'  ku-ya  sediment  of  urine  Med, 

m-x'rnai'(3i'  ku-ru-kul-le  n.  of  a  female 
nJ^  J  deity  Mil. 

'T^^  ku-n'ig  Ld.  colt  of  an  ass. 

— .^.  ku-rej  also  ku-res  jest,  joke,  ku-^^e 
ND  byed-pa  to  jest,  cf.  kyal-ka. 
Tjr^m  ku-lig  key,  also  lock;  more  ac- 
\i  '  curately:  ^pe-ku-lig*  key,  bug- 
kii-lig  lock,  padlock;  ^ku-lig-bur-  (or  bor-) 
tse*  in  IJl.  a  contrivance  used  instead  of 
a  doorlatch.    W. 

m- rr  ku'-ha  a  sort  of  grass,  Poa  cyno- 
ND  '  suroides,  often  used  in  sacred 
ceremonies.    , 

^^  ku-m  apple  DzL;  W.  (Cf.  sN). 

'T^'^'  Lni'su-ma  Ssk.  flower. 

m-^-  k^'hu    ring-dove   Cs.    (Ssk.:   the    cry 


NSNS 


of  the  cuckoo). 


fmy  kug,  also  kug-kug^  crooked;  a  hook; 
n1  '  gri'kug  a  curved  knife,  short  sabre; 
Itags'kug  an  iron  hook;  nya-kug  a  fishing- 
hook;  hmi'hig  jM'pa*  C.  *tah-ce*  W. 
to  bend,  curve;  clinch  (a  nail);  *go  knig 
tan-te*  W.  to  nod,  Vag  kug  tah-ve*  W.  Of 

beckon.  (Cf.  kum-pa.) 

^^S'  kug-rtse,  *kug-se*  CUCkoo   W. 


^  kun 


"^^^  ke-i 


Ian 


mr^  kun  (C:  *kun*)  all,  every,  each;  whole; 
^^  I    e/TM/V     ^uh'Jm    kun-nas    from    every 


pore  DzL;  de-dag  kun  ail  these;  yian 
kun  all  the  others;  also  pleon.  kun 
fams'ddd  all  of  them,  they  altogether;  Awn- 
ffyis  mfoh-ba,  fos-pa  seen,  heard  by  every 
body,  generally  known;  kun-tu  1.  into  all, 
in  all  etc.  2.  adv.  everywhere,  in  every 
direction;  kun-tu-bzdn-po  AUgood,  n.  of 
the  first  of  the  celestial  Bodhisattwas, 
Samanta-bhadra,  sometimes  confounded 
with  Adibuddha,  foy-miai  Sans-rgyas;  in 
later  works  even  a  Kun'tu-hzdh-mo  Yum 
is  mentioned  Thgr.;  kitn-tu  rgyu-ha  to  go 
everywhere,  wander  about;  Kun-tu-rgyu 
Hf^^l^ift  n.  of  a  class  of  Brahmans,  itin- 
erant monks,  DzL;  kun-nas  from  every- 
where, round  about,  wholly,  thoroughly  e.  g. 
overpowered  by  passions,  cleansed  from 
sin  DzL;  kun-mis  ^dod-pa  to  wish  from 
the  bottom  of  the  he^rt  Tkgy. 

Comp.  kun-dkm  general  corruptness, 
misery,  sin  Le^,  —  Kun-Uydb  comprising, 
pervading  all  things.  —  Kun-mUyen^(pa) 
omniscient  —  Kun-dgd-bo,  Ssk,  anandd, 
n.  of  the  favourite  disciple  of  Buddha; 
Kun-dga  is  to  this  time  frequently  used 
as  a  name  of  (female)  persons.  —  Kun- 
dga-^rd-buy  also  kun-dga  Tligg,,  or  kun^a, 
Ssk,  ^H\i^\M  or  fiv|i^i4|  'garden  of  all 
joys'  1.  the  grove  in  which  a  monastery 
is  situated.  2.  the  monastery.  3.  in  Ti- 
bet, which  is  destitute  of  groves,  more 
particularly  the  auditory  or  library  of  a 
monastery  —  Kun-brtdgs,  in  the  Maha- 
yana:  a  personal,  erroneous  supposition 
Was.  —  Kun-jdiis  all-gathering,  all-uniting. 
—  Kun-dbdn  almighty.  —  Kun-rdzob  al- 
together vain,  delusive;  kun-rdzob-kyi  bdenr- 
pa  subjective  truth  Was,  —  Kun^yki  lit.: 
the  primary  cause  of  all  things,  viz.:  1. 
the  soul  or  spirit,  kun^yhU  sems  (opp.  to 
Jyguh-ba  bzii  lus  the  body  consisting  of 
the  4  elements),  kun-yzil  setns-la  po  ino 
ma  mch'te  as  no  difference  of  sex  exists 
in  souls  (we,  though  being  women,  \^(ould 
beg    etc.)    MiL      2.   With    more    precise 


distinction:  kun^yhi  SOUl  as  the  seat  of 
the  passions,  opp.  to  sems-nyid,  the  very 
soul,  the  spirit  as  the  seat  of  reason  MU, 
3.  To  the  .followers  of  the  Adibuddha 
doctrine  kun-^H  is  =  God,  Adibuddha,  kun- 
yzii  Sans-rggas,  —  Kun-yzigs  all-seeing. 
—  Kun-sUn  hex,  v.  shn-ba, 

^^^  kun-da  Ssk.  jessamine. 

^^^'^'  kun-du-m  SskVinceMe.  Boswellia. 

to;tw  kum^a,  also  kum-kicm,  kumrpo^ 
>o  crooked,  shriveled,  dried  up;  *ku7n 

tdh-c^  W.  to  bend  together,  to  double.  (Cf. 
skum-pa), 

^^^'9'  hmirbha  Ssk.  earthen  jar. 


kumrbi-ra  Ssk.  crocodile. 


NO 

^  ke  numeral:    91,  ke^a   the  91st   (vo- 

'   lume). 
^^x'     ke-ke-ruy    also   kerkMana    Sf  ke- 

'    '  taJca    Ssk.     hi.    of    a    precious 

white  stone'  Cs.;  our  Ssk.  dictionaries  give 
but   the  last  of  these  names,    and   as  its 
only   Signification   the    name    of  the  tree 
Pandanus  odoratissima. 
^.j-,^-     ke-ta-ra  Sarnbh.,  n.  of   a    moun- 

'  /         tain,    prob.    Kedara,    part  of  the 
Himalaya.   WilL 
ff^-^    ke-tu  Ssk.  a  fiery  meteor,  shooting 

'no     star;  the  descending  node. 

^5    ke-rts^  V.  keu-rtsi. 
^^  ke-re  v.  kye-ri. 

^T^'Or^  moyjy  ^-^«-««^  kai-la-m  Cs., 
'  ^'  '  ^  %^rTO  WHl-y  n.  of  a 
lofty  region  of  the  Himalaya,  mythological 
rather  than  geographical,  seems  to  be  the 
same  as  Ti-se  q.  v.,  though  modem  geo- 
graphers apply  the  name  to  different 
ranges. 

'ri'QJtS'  ^'i^^y  ^^  fraternity  or  asso- 
'  '  ciation,  which  Hue  mentions 
under  this  name  (Voy.  H  ch.  6),  seemed 
to  be  totally  unknown  to  our  Tashi- 
Ihunpo  Lama,  although  the  expectation 
of  a  final  war  between  Buddhist  believers 


^'^  ke^'ka 


^^  koh 


and  infidels,  in  which  the  latter  will  be 
destroyed,  is  widely  spread  through  Tibet. 
j^'jrm' ke-Mi-ka  Wdn,  n.  of  a  plant,  per- 
'  \:>  '  haps  kecuka,  Arum  Coloeasia,  with 
edible  root;  or  =  kensu-ka? 

^^'  yg^a  =  ^^  kag-ma  Cs, 

^'^^'  keh-rns  skeleton. 

f^-jq-m-  keh'hi'ka  Lea;.,    Sambh.,    Wdn,, 
'    \3    '  n.  of  a  tree. 

^^  keu-rtse,  also  ke^rtse,  jacket  MtiCU^ 

rfrr^'  i^w-n    n.    of    a   female  terrifying 

'^       deity  Thffi\ 
mq-oj-    keu'le   DzL   -^c©,  1:  keu-lei  rgya, 

'^  ace.  to  the  Mon- 

gol version:  customary  seal,  •—  dubious. 

'^^^^  ker-gyis  suddenly  Sch, 
^^^q*  J^r-ba  to   raise,   lift  up,   e.  g.  the 
finger    towards    heaven    Gh\;    ker 
Idh-ia  to  rise,  stand  up. 
rjfrto    1.    num.:    121;     kd^a    the    Tilst 

'   (volume).  —  2.  affix,    =   ka  col.  Ld. 
—  3.  all,  whole  Schr.,  cf.  kob. 
Tfrffr      ko'kd  1.  also  ko-sko,   throat,   chin 

'    '       /SoA.,  ko-sko  ,degs  Lea: J  2.  «==  ka- 

TSC'^  ^o-fe>-f«/i-?/ia  n.   of  a  country 


in  or  near  Cejlon  Pth. 
JK^jlJ-V-  ko-nyon-tsiy  also  ko-nyol-ts^y  ko- 
^  '  Um-tse  the  kernel  of  the  pine- 
apple Cs.;  more  particularly  the  edible 
seed  of  the  Neosa-pine  in  the  valley  of 
the  SuUedj;  also  Bkan-nyavr-U^  Kun. 
rjfg-  ko-fa,  Ssk.  ^^,  a  kind  of  leprosy 
'^    Wdn. 

^^  5  kchpan-tse  a  sort  of  tea  Schr. 

f^?f  Ao-/>ow«  guitar  Ld.;    it    is    tuned 

in  3  fourths. 
fffq  kchba  1.  hide,  skin.  —  2.  leather, 
*kd'toa  nye-Kan*  tanner  C;  gldn-ko 
neat's  leather.  —  ko-krdd  leather-shoe.  — 
k^mEan  1.  tanner.  2.  (ace.  to  some  also:) 
csnductor  of  a  leather-boat,  boatman.  — 
hhbtum  'leather-wrapping'  is  said  to  be 
a  criminal  punishment  in  6'.,  in  different 


degrees  of  severity,  e.  g.  ^Idg-pa  ko-Umf, 
when  the  culprit's  hands  are  cut  off,  the 
stumps  sewed  up  in  leather,  and  the 
wretch  thrown  as  a  beggar  upon  public 
charity  etc.  —  ko-fdg  strap,  thong. — ko-Jdgs 
Cs. :  a  small  instrument  of  leather  to  weave 
lace  with.  —  ko-gdd^i  a  piece  of  leather 
put  under  the  saddle  Sch.  —  ko-lpdgs 
hide,  leather.  —  ko-Jbvgs  ScA. :  three-edged 
needle  for  leather.  —  ko-fsdg  leather-sieve. 
—  ko'M  a  rottei;^  hide. 

^^  kd-bo  n.  of  a  country   Wdk. 

^?r  kd-ma  n.  of  a  bird   Wdn. 

Tffrrspx     ko-wdg   is  meant  to  express  the 

'  ^  '       voice  of  a  raven. 
rfrx^'     ko-^ra,    Hindi    J^f^y  more  tibeta- 
nized     ko^ds,     unbleached    coarse 
cotton  cloth. 

rfyx^'  ko^'4y  in  compounds  Aw  W.y  cup 
for  drinking;  Mii-kor  wooden  cup,  a 
utensil  every  Tibetan  carries  with  him 
in  his  bosom;  Ul-kor  (European)  tumbler. 
(Cf.  pdr-pa). 

jQ-  ko'ldriy  a  dubious  word.  Sch.  has 
ko-loh-ba  to  hate,  envy,  but  in 
a  passage  in  Mil.,  where  the  connection 
admits  of  no  doubt,  ko-loh  mdzad-pa  must 
be  taken  for:  to  disdain. 

ko-ham-bi     DzL,     Glr,,      Ssk,: 
lj\^|4lf)  n.  of  an  ancient  city 
on  the  Ganges,  in  the  Doab. 
r^^Qi  ko^a-la    Sambh.,    Ssk.:    lff^^y 

'  =  Ayodhya,     Oude, 

J^w  kdg-pa    I.    subst.,     also    skdg-pa, 

'  '  skdgs'pa  shell,  peel,  rind;  mn-kog 
id.;  pyi'kog  exterior  shell,  bark;  kdg^a 
svr-ba  to  peel,  pare.  —  II.  vb.  n.  to  splinter 
off,  to  chink;  kog  lah-ba  1.  id.  2.  to  rise 
suddenly  and  run  away. 
f^  kon,  also  hoh-kdh,  1.  concave,  ex- 

'  cavated.  —  2.  crooked,  *pi^  fmg-pa 
koh'kdh  bo*  the  cat  makes  a  crooked  back 
W.  —  kdh'po  1.  cup,  bowl.  2.  crucible.  3. 
breach,  gap  Sch.  4.  n.  of  a  province  S.  E. 
of  Lhasa.  —  kdn-bu  small  cup,  bowl.  — 
vi^dd'kdn  offering-bowl;  sndg-kon  inkstand 


^•^^' 


rf^^  hod 


5  %i 


for  black  ink,  mfsdl-kon  for  red  ink,  ver- 
milion; Hug-kon*  casting-mould  C 
^-  kod  Ca  gathering'?)  1.  lag-kdd  Ld. 
'  '  an  armful  of  corn,  a  sheaf.  2.  affix 
«  iorf,  Aa,  ko:  ^nyu-kod^  na-kddS^  all  the 
two,  all  the  five  Ld, 

'^  kob  aU,  Ld.  col. 
fif^x^  kor^  root  denoting  anything  round 
'  or  concave,  hence:  kor-kdr  1.  adj. 
round,  circular  C  (=  ^kyir-kyir*  W,); 
roundish,  globular  C;  concave,  deep,  as 
a  soup-plate  (opp.  to  flat)  W.  2.  sbst.  a 
thick  loaf  of  bread,  (opp.  to  a;  flat,  thin 
cake)  C;  a  pan,  saucepan  W.;  a  hollow 
in  the  ground,  a  pit  not  very  deep  W.; 
stdd'koi'  a  little  circle  above  a  letter,  Ssk. 
anuswara;  kldd-kor  id.,  a  dot,  zero,  naught; 
ydub'hyr  bracelet  Cs,;  pdd-kor  a  certain 
way  of  folding  the  fingers,  so  as  to  re- 
present the  form  of  a  lotus-flower;  ^dd- 
kor  a  radiant  circle  Cs.  Cf.  shh^-ba,  Jidr- 
bay  ko-ri. 

^^'^^  kor-do-ba  boot  LdJ 

^*f^r^  kol'io  dumb,  mute  SpJ 
rf^rff  kds-ko  =  ko-ko;    kos-myuA  with    a 
'       '    pointed  chin  Sch, 

!3'^^'§^  kya-^ir-rlun  v.  kyin, 

fw£w  kyag,  also  kyag-kydg,  thick,   run  into 

^  '    clots  Cs. 

pmi'fTTcn'  /y^ff'f^y<^ff   curved,    crooked;   *go 

^'^'    kyag-kydg    co-ce*    W.    to    shake 

one's    head,    viz.    slowly,    in    meditating; 

*n-nio  kyag-Cga-)  kyog'(gi)*  a  flourish  (in 

writing)   W.     Cf.  kyog-kyog, 

kyan  I.  adj.,    also  kyait-kydn^    kyan- 
po,    straight,    slender,    as   a   stick; 

*kyan'kyan  rin-mo*  tall,  slender,  as  a  man, 

a  tree    etc.   W,  —  II.    adv.   =  yar),   too, 

also,    always    used    enclitically,    after  the 

letters  g,  d,  b,  s. 

^-  kyan-kydiiy  also  ^kyafi-na-kyon-m^y 
indolent,  lazy,  idle  W, ;  ^kyan-kyon 

co-l-e*  to  lounge,  to  be  idle   W. 

kyar-kydVy  also   kyar-po  flat,    not 


S^' 


:s^1 


T"^ 


globular  Cs, 


mx-m^-  kyar-ky&i' ,  also  *kyar^a'kyor're', 
^  ^  still  feeble,  as  convalescents  after 
a  disease. 

mOjTn'  kyal'ka  1.  joke,  jest,  in  words  (LU. 
^  '  ku-rei  fsig).  —  2.  jocular  trick,  ku-re 
dan  kydl'kai  jjyir  by  way  of  jest,  for  fun,  — 
3.  any  worthless,  foolish,  indecent  talk  %. 
mO^'mG}'  kyaUkydl  Lex,  w.  e.;  &ch,:  kyal- 
^  "^  kyal'ba  to  go  round  (?). 
mfji-f^^  kyal'kydl  =  kyar-kydVy  dM-^gro 
"^  ^  kyal'kydl  ^ga  some  poor  ill-con- 
ditioned beast,  speaking  of  cattle,  MU,  nt, 
^  kyty  affix 'I.  to  sbst. -roots,  ending 
^  in  d,  b,  s:   sign   of  the  genitive  case. 

—  n.  to  verbal  roots,  after  the  same 
final  letters,  and  then  without  an  essen- 
tial difference  from  kyis,  to  which  we 
add  in  this  place  also  examples  of  the 
other  terminations  gtCs),  gyiCs)^  yi(s), 
i  (the  8  by  itself  is  not  used  after  ver- 
bal roots):  a.  in  the  sense  of  a  gerund, 
meaning  by  (doing  something),  because, 
dgos'kyis  ^don-no  we  come  because  it  is 
necessary  .  .  .  ,  or  more  freq.  though,  dgai 
though  she  is  glad  .  .  .  DzL,  in  which 
case  it  may  often  be  rendered  in  English 
by  but:  she  is  glad,  but .  .  .  ;  zas  bzdn-po 
mi  cddd'kyis  fa-mdl-pa  zos  he  did  not  care 
for  dainties,  but  ate  vulgar  food  DzL;  or 
it  has  to  be  omitted:  bdM-pa  yin-gyis 
rdzrm-jya  ma  yin  it  is  true,  no  fiction  Dzh 

—  b.  as  an  adjective,  forming,  like  kyin 
(q.  v.),  with  jiug  or  yod  a  periphrastical 
present  tense  e.  g.  ^groi  ^dug  he  is  walk- 
ing? -r^^^'ff^  yod  he  is  coming.  —  c.  at 
the  end  of  a  sentence  in  the  sense  of  a 
finite  verb  and  more  particularly  in  the 
1.  pers.  fut.:  ^gyod  mi  iinoi  I  shall  not 
make  you  suffer  for  it  DzLy  Has  grogs 
byd-yis  I  shall  help  Glr.,  biag-giy  and: 
bhig-gis  I  shall  put  Olr,  This  use  of 
kyi(s)  is  said  to  be  quite  common  at  the 
present  time  in  C,  whereas  in  W.  not 
only  the  whole  gerundial  use,  but  even 
the  distinction  of  kyi^  gyi,  gi  in  the  ge- 
nitive case  of  a  sbst.  has  disappeared  from 
colloquial  language,  instead  of  which  the 
last  consonant  is  repeated  and  the  vowel 


t4 


ijC  iyo^ 


i  added:  «?/i-/?t  of  the  wood,  *y/cWi*  of  the 
mind,  *6aW«'*  of  the  wool. 

Note  1.  ktp'C^)  when  combined  with 
adjective  roots,  includes  the  verb  to  be, 
e.  g.  mdn-ffi  =  md/t-po  yin-yyi.  —  2.  In 
colloquial  language  and  later  literature 
the  genitive  of  the  verbal  root  often  takes 
the  place  of  the  genit.  infinitivi,  which 
seldom  occurs  in  the  old  classical  style, 
e.  g.  nam  Jsoi  bdr-du  lifelong.  —  3.  j/ 
nits  kyt(s)y  ji  fub-kyiCs)  or  vulg.  *fub-bi^y 
as  much  as  (I,  you  etc)  can  (could  etc.) 
—  4.  kyi(s)^  when  denoting  an  antithesis, 
is  often  followed  by  a  pleonastical  ^on-kyan, 
^S'  kyi'lbe  a  medic,  plant,  Gentiana  de- 
^  ^  cumbens  L.,  k,  dkdr-jyo  a  variety  of 
it  with  white  flowers. 

^^^  kyi'ldir  iron  hoop  LdJ 

^5T  ^y^'^^  *  feeling  cold,  a  chill  Sch. 

^sc'  kyi'hud  the  sound  of  weeping,  la- 
"^N?     mentation. 

^i"  kytff'i-tse  unbumt  brick  Sch. 

%-'^j^xr-  kyiii'sir^rlun  Mil,  also  kya-s, 
"^  ^  I.,  C.y  an  onomatopoetic  word : 
a  blowing  wind. 

rfer*  kyin^  used  alternatively  with  (jyin 
'^  and  giuy  after  a  vowel :  yiriy  denotes 
a  partic.  present,  e.  g.  smdn-lam  ^dAbs- 
kyin  soA  proceed  on  your  way  praying! 
With  yod  or  ^dn^j  it  forms  a  periphrastical 
present  tense:  smoTi-lam  ^d^bs-kyin  yod  he 
is  praying  (just  now);  in  Ld.  even  as  a 
real  subst.:  *mg^ra  JoTi-gyin  (tiy)  dan* 
'with  a  whistling  sound  proceeding  from 
it',  ^do-yin-dan*  'together  with  walking' 
=  in  walking. 

^f^  kyir-kyir  W,  (=  kor-kdr  C.)  round, 
^  circular;  a  round  thing,  disk,  e.  g. 
the  Httle  silver  saucer  which  the  women 
of  LA.  wear  as  an  ornament  on  the  crown 
of  their  head;  kyir-mo  id.,  esp.  a  rupee 
L(L;  *da  kyiv'kyir*  the  disk  of  the  moon. 
h^  kyis,  after  d,  b,  s.  1.  sign  of  the 
instrumentative  case,  and  therefore 
generally  indicating   the  personal  subject 


of  the  action.  —  2.  combined  with  verbal 
roots  =  kyi, 

fjt'  kye  ohl  holla!  in  calling  to  somebody; 
^  in  solemnly  addressing  a  person  or  an 
auditory;  also  merely  the  sign  of  the  vo- 
cative case  jB.  (in  W.  *wa!*)  kye-kyi  id. 
emphatically.  /]   -^        -       '^  !>  -'o^^c^.^  <k 

^  abbrev.  for  kye-kyi  v.  kye, 
^'^  kye-ga  n.  of  a  bird.  Med, 

^'fiJC'Ciy')  kye^pdn^pa)  n.  of  an  idol  in 
^  Lh.,  consisting  like  most  of  the 

popular  idols  in  those  countries  of  a  wooden 
stick  or  log  decked  with  rags,  but  much 
dreaded  and  revered;  said  to  be  identical 
with  Pe-dkar  in  C.  Its  worship  probably 
dates  from  a  time  before  Buddhism  was 
introduced. 

rrtSJ'  i^/^-ma  oh!  alas!  mostly  expressive 
^  of  sorrow,  often  combined  with  kyi" 
hud;  also  sign  of  the  vocative  case.  Sel- 
dom it  expresses  joy.  —  kye-mao  id. 
qipj'  kye-r^  upright,  erect;  ^kye-re  lan^va*^ 
^  resp.  *zm'Wa  C\,  kyer-kyer-la  dad-te, 
resp.  za/i'C^  W,  to  stand;  *c(/o  kyer  jhe'- 
pa*  to  raise  one's  head,  to  look  up  C,  Cf. 
kyer-ba, 
^^'  kye-hud^  =  kyi-hud. 

^yi^  kye-hd  hollo!  heigh!  well!  also  like  the 
^  ^  behold  of  the  Holy  Scriptures. 
^-.^-.  kyed'kyed,  also  bran-kyed,  with  the 
^  '  ^  '  upper  part  of  the  body  stretched 
forward  Ld. 


3 


kyer,  v.  kye^re. 

'^'  kyo'ba  hoOk  Sch, 

^-  kyoy,  also  kyog-kyogy  kydg-po,  crooked,?VA^< 
^'    bent,  winding,  rUe  kyog  with  its  point  ^^'•^'^ 
bent,  crooked  at  the  top.  Med.  \^^^^€.^i^ 
mr-   kyoiiy  9'lso  kyon-hydh^  kyon-po  1.  hard, 
^      as  e.  g.  stale  bread,   cu  kyon-po  hard 
water;   obstinate,  unmanageable;  kyon-Jmr 
a  sort  of  relievo-work  in  metal.  —  2.  ob- 
long   Cb.  —  Sch.:   kyoii-Ua  quarrel,    kym- 
mgd  cause   of  a   quarrel    (?).     Cf.   gym, 
Ua-gyori, 


O 


r 


^^^ 


^•%, 


ro/j 


|5|C^  kluris 


ff^'   iyoriy    also    kydn-bu,    small    shovel, 

^      scraper  ScA. 

r}ttj-  kyoniy  .also   kyom-kyom^    1.    flexible, 

^     bat  without  elasticity,  flabby,   loose, 

lax.  —   2.   also  Kyom-Uy&fn^  of  irregular 

shape,  not  rectilinear. 

W^-  %or,  also  kyor-kyor  weak,  feeble,  un- 

^     fortified  Cs. 

^^  %o/,  also  kyol'kyol  ~  ^yar  Ci?. 

^TWT  i^ro^  V.  bkrag, 

TIC'C'  kran-iie  standing,  krait  sdod-pa  to 
"^  stand  Zayn.  Cf.  kro/f, 

mc'n-  krdd'pa  leather  half-boot  or  shoe, 
^  '  as  it  is  worn  by  the  lower  class 
of  people,  often  with  a  woolen  leg;  krad- 
rgyun  C«.  a  long  narrow  piece  of  leather 
to  fasten  the  sole  to  the  upper-leather; 
^tadr-ky^  W.  *ta^'ky2*  C\  (or  gyi,  from  ffyi- 
naf)  9k  worn-out  leather  sole. 

^'^'  krab'krdb  v.  Jrab-pa. 

rnxv  kram  W.  cabbage,  h^am-mndr  sweet 

'^       or    fresh  cabbage;    kram-skyvr    sour 

or  macerated  cabbage  Cs.  (?) 

j^ft-  kri'-kri  n.  of  a  fabulous  king  of  India 

^  ^   Glr.y    not    mentioned    in    the   Ssk. 

dictionaries. 

ftn^'^;^;  krinna-sd-ra  Ssk.  the  spotted  an- 

^•^  Q,     telope  IVi. 

jjpjy  kru'km  W.    windpipe,   *tU'tit  dam-te 

-3-3  si'l-e*  to  be  strangled. 

nt'OTT  kre-ndg   smut  of  a  kettle   ScL  (== 

"^   '  '  sre-nagf) 

'tjc'mc'  kroH'krdn  standing  upright,  e.  g. 

"^     ^      books    (opp.    to    ^gyel'Uan*   laid 

down,  lying   W,)\    when   used  of  persons 

it  means  also:    standing    on   one's  knees, 

kneeling  in  an  upright  position. 

kron^krdn  hanging,  ^ton-ton-la  dug- 
be*  to  hang,    to    be  suspended  in 
the  air  W. 

rm^  kla-kh  1.  Ssk,  ^^^  barbarian.  — 
^  ^  5.  in  later  times:  Moslem,  Mahome- 
tan; Mahometanism.  Was, 

^pi'S^'  klag-cor  clamour,  noise  Cs, 


wxr  klad,  ace.  to  IM,  =  gon  what  is 
^  above;  hence  kldd-pa,  also  glad,  1. 
head.  2.  brain,  and  klad-7na  beginning,  top 
ScJi,;  gur-kldd  chimney  of  a  felt-tent  — 
klad'kor  v.  kor,  —  klad-rgyd  the  skin 
covering  the  brain,  pia  mater;  kladr-rgya», 
=  Uid-bay  'the  bloody  marrow  in  the 
bones'  Sc/t,,  or  simply  ^brain'  Schf.  —  klad- 
sgo  the  fontanel  in  the  infant  cranium  ScL 

—  klad'cun  the  cerebellum  Sch.  —  kladr 
fzun  spinal  marrow.  —  klad^yzh  head- 
ache Med,  —  klad-subs  =  klculrrgyd  Sch, 
m^rjr  klan-ka  1.  censure,  blame  6s.,  klan 
^^  '  byidr-puy  Jlebs-pa  to  blame,  cf.  skur- 
kldn,  —  2.  klan  ^tsol^a  to  seek  brawls  Pth, 

^<3ri^'  kldn-pa  v.  klon-^a. 

m-  klu.Ssk,  irnr,  originally:  hooded  snake, 
S  cobra  di  capello;  in  this  specific  sense, 
however,  it  is  never  used  in  Tibetan, 
whereas  every  child  knows  and  believes  in 
the  mythological  signification:  serpent- 
demon,  a  demigod  with  a  human  head  and 
the  body  of  a  serpent,  living  in  fountains, ,  j 
rivers  etc.,  commanding  over  great  trea- 
sures, causing  rain  and  certain  maladies, 
and  becoming  dangerous  when  in  anger; 
ydug-^a  is  therefore  a  usual  epitheton  of 
such  demons,  klui  skad  means  the  Pra- 
krit language,  klui  yi-ge  the  Nagari  cha- 
racter of  Ssk,  letters,  viz.  that  which  is 
called  vaiitula^  in  contrast  to  the  holy 
landza,  Ihai  yi-ge,  —  klui  ynod-pa  or 
skyon  diseases  of  unknown  origin.  —  klu- 
mo  a  female  serpent- demon.  — 

klu-sgrtfb,  prop,  n.,  Nagarjuna,  a  fa- 
mous Buddhist  divine.  —  klu-mdud  Co- 
donopsis  ovata.  —  klu-nad  =  klui-ynod-pa, 

—  klu-pftig  a  young  Lu.  —  klusmdn  'n. 
of  a  medicine'  (Js,,  but  sman  and  klu- 
smdn are  also  synonyms  for  klu^  Glr., 
Mil,  etc. 

^C  klun  river,  more  com.  cu-kluny  B, 

mc^jM*  klum  1.  cultivated  land,  field,  kluns- 
^  su  skye  it  grows  on  cultivated  ground 
Wdn.  —   2.  a    complex  of  fields^  dkar- 


^'Cr  klub-pa 


J^^Tj^q-  rf)td»--6a 


S?r' 


tf^ 


mdans-kyi  Idun  f^dn-ma  all  the  fields  be- 
longing to  Kardang  (n.#of  a  village). 
mT^'  klitb^a^  pf.  klvbs^  to  COVer,   e.  g. 
ig^       the  body  vrith  ornaments  Pth. 

^pr  khg  V.  klog-pa. 

rn'  kidg-pa  I.  sbst  earwax  8ch.  —  11. 

'  vh.y  pf.  (b)klag8,  ft.  (b)klag,  imp, 
Uog,  Ihogs,  to  read,  B.,  C,  yid-kyis  klocf- 
pa  to  read  without  uttering  a  sound; 
klog-^a  or  klog  sbst.  reading,  klog  bzdn-po 
iis^a  Mil,  to  be  a  good  reader;  kldg-^ 
sUhnlpon  a  reading-teacher.  —  kldg-gra 
a  reading-school.  —  kldg-faisy  kldg-fml 
art,  way  of  reading. 

fjr-  W^  ace.  to  Lex.  =  Ss^.  wr77^^,  wave; 
^  in  the  living  language  it  is  used  for 
middle;  in  ancient  literature  for  expanse, 
esp.  ndm^mUofi  of  the  heavens,  rgyd-mfsoi 
of  the  sea;  ran-byun  klon  yam  bijod-mid 
the  unspeakably  vast  uncreated  space; 
hence:  the  space  of  heaven,  the  heavens, 
kl6n-du  Idin-ia  to  soar,  to  hover  in  the  sky. 
-;  This  vagueness  of  meaning  makes  the 
word  suited  to  the  idle  fancies  of  mysti- 
cism, as  in:  kldn-du  ^gyur-ba,  which  seems 
to  denote  a  soaring  into  mystic  perfection. 

—  dha-kldn  Sch.:  wave;  Tibetans  of  to- 
day, and  Schr: :   the  midst  of  the  waves. 

—  Idoh'brddl  Glr.  was  explained  by  La- 
mas: emerging  from  amidst  the  waves. 
(The  significations  'depth,  abyss,  plenty, 
body'  added  by  Sch.  seem  to  be  erroneous). 
Cf.  dkyel 

f^x-j^  kldn-pa,  also  kldn-pa,  to  mend,  patch 
^       V.  also  Ihdn^a. 

mv4'  ^^-y^  ^^^'  P^^P*  phthisis  pulmonalis; 
pj         but  ace.  to  Tib.    pathology   ksa-ya 
ndg-po  denotes  a  bilious  disease,  prob. 
icterus  niger,  blacl(  jaundice. 

rmzTOfq^  dkdgs-po  W.  for  dka-bo. 

-— -.  dkariy  also  rkan  (Ld.  *8kan*)  1.  the 
'  '  '  palate,  t/a-<:M;an,' the  upper,  md-dkan 
the  lower  part  oi  the  palate;  *kdn-da  jieb^ 
pc?  to  smack  C;  dkan-ynyer  the  wrinkles 
of  the  roof  of  the   mouth  (7s.  —  2.  dkan 


yzdr-po  Lex.  w.  e,  8ch.  steep  declivity, 
precipice. 

rmQ'n'  dka-ba  1.  adj.,  also  -Jo,  seld.  -mo, 
'  '  difficult,   sldb^a   dkd'ba   learning 

is  difficult  DzL,  gen.  with  supine:  sldb-tu 
or  sldb^ar  dka  it  is  difficult  to  learn,  or 
vnth  the  root:  go-dkd  difficult  to  under- 
stand; dkdr-ba  byun  it  has  become  diffi- 
cult, it  is  difficult  (to  me,  to  him  etc.)  — 
2.  sbst.  dkd'ba  pains,  exertion,  hardship, 
suffering,  dkd-ba  mM-par  without  difficulty, 
easily,  dka-ba  apyod-pa  to  undergo  hard- 
ships   =    to     use    exercises    of   penance 

dka-^gril  Cs.  'a  difificult  commentary', 
ace.  to  Tib.  dictionaries  =  iTf¥^  P^^" 
petual  commentary,  lit.:  explanation  of 
difficulties.  —  dka-fuby  dkaspyddy  dka- 
spydd  1.  penance.  2.  penitent;  dJca-fub^a, 
dka-spydd-pa,  dkd'fub--dan,  penitent,  ofso- 
ba  dkh'fub'ba  rten-pa  to  live  as  a  peni- 
tent. —  dkasdug  trouble,  dka-sdug  mdn- 
po  byid'pa  to  take  great  pains  C.  — 
dka-fs^gs  =  dkd-ba.  —  dka-lds  1,  a  trouble- 
some work.  2.  trouble,  distress. 
-—-.-.  rfX:rfr-Aa  I.  adj.,  also  -po,  seld. 
^  '  -TWO  1.  white,  whitish,  gray.  —  2. 
morally  good,  standing  on  the  side  of 
virtue  —  3.  candid,  sincere?  las  dkdr-po 
good  action;  Ka-zds  dkdr-po  v.  dkar-zds; 
dkdr-la  dmar^rnddna-han  white  and  red 
of  complexion  Pih. 

n.  sbst.  whiteness.  —  dkdr-mo  sbst. 
1.  the  goddess  Durga.  —  2.  whitfr  rice  Cs. 

Comp.  dkar-skya  light-gray.  —  dkar- 
Hun  1.  window-hole  in  a  wall  W;  —  2. 
opening  for  the  smoke  in  the  roof  C.  — 
dkar-goh  C.  a  piece  of  quartz,  (ace.  to 
popular  belief  porcelain  is  made  of  quartz,) 
hence  Cs.:  'porcelain-clay.'  —  dkar-7*gyd 
rose-coloured.  —  dkar-cdg  register.  —  dkur- 
fog  =  dkar-zas.  —  dkar-m^  a  light  (?), 
dkar^mi  sbar-ba  Sch.  *to  light  a  candle.' 
—  dkar-dmar  light-red  Sch.  —  dkar-rtsi 
white-wash,  consisting  of  lime  or  some 
other  earthy  colour  C,  W.  —  dkar-zds, 
Ua-zds  dkar-poy  dkar-fdg  dean  food,  lenten 


;^^    Wi?l3f. 


10 


^T]"  dku 


'H 


diet,  viz.  esp.  milk^  card,  cheese  or  batter, 
as  dkar-ysum  Schf.  Tar,  (Germ,  translat. 
p.  335);  also  honey,  fruit.  —  dkar-ydly 
resp.  C.  *ial-kar,  W.  aol-kar*  porcelain,  china- 
ware,  cups  or  plates  of  porcelain,  dkar-yol 
sffHg-pa  to  place  the  china-service  on  the 
table,  for:  to  lay  the  cloth.  —  dkar-yyd 
W,  tin,  pewter,  ^kar-yd  dan  Mr-be*  to 
solder.  —  dkars^r  yellowish  white.  —  dkar- 
ysdl  1.  shining  white,  sku-mdog  dkar-^ysdl 
gdns-ri  ^dra  of  a  bright  >vhite  colour  like 
a  glacier  Glr.  2.  window  Sch.  (?) 
rm«  dku  1.  the  side  of  a  person's  body  Cs., 

\i  dkur  or  dJcu-la  rt^n^a  to  carry  a 
thing  at  one's  side  Zam,;  dku  brtdlha  to 
open  the  side  (in  child-birth,  v.  mnal), 
—  2.  V.  dku'ba,  Comp,  dku-lci  a  heavy 
feeling  in  the  side,  as  a  symptom  of 
pregnancy.  —  dku-mda  (^kum-da*)  W. 
(=a  m^an-^mdaf)  pocket  in  the  clothes.  — 
dku-ndd  apparently  a  disease  of  the 
kidneys.  —  dku-zlum^  Lex,  ^rf^  cavity 
of  the  abdomen,  womb. 
^mr^  dku'lto  craft,  cunning,  trick,  stratagem, 

\i  ^    esp.  if  under  specious  pretence  one 
person  induces  another  to  do  a  thing  that 
proves  hurtful  to  him. 
rrrrfl'  dku-ba  ^sweet  scent'  Cs.;  Zam.:  = 

\i      ^rf?f  stench. 

^  '1  '  Ug,  C:   kgn-td')  1.  the  most 


precious  thing.  Buddhism  has  always 
sought  the  highest  good  not  in  anything 
material,  but  in  the  moral  sphere,  looking 
with  indifference,  and  indeed  with  contempt, 
on  everything  merely  relating  to  matter. 
It  is  not,  however,  moral  perfection  or 
the  happiness  attained  thereby,  which  is 
understood  by  the  'most  precious  thing', 
but  the  mediator  or  mediators  who  pro- 
cure that  happiness  for  mankind,  viz. 
Buddha,  (the  originator  of  the  doctrine), 
the  doctrinal  scriptures  and  the  corporate 
body  of  priests,  fv^,  dkon-mcdg  ysum. 
Now,  although  this  triad  cannot  by  any 
means  be  placed  on  a  level  with  the 
Christian    doctrine   of  a  triune    God,  yet 


^'ij^j'SlSS^  dkon-mcog 

it  will  be  easily  understood,  how  the  in- 
nate desire  of  mgn  to  adore  and  worship 
something  supernatural,  together  with  the 
hierarchical  tendency  of  the  teaching  class, 
have  afterwards  contributed  to  convert 
the  acknowledgment  of  human  activity  for 
the  benefit  of  others  (for  such  it  was 
undoubtedly  on  the  part  of  the  founder 
himself  and  his  earlier  followers)  into  a 
devout,  and  by  degrees  idolatrous  ado- 
ration of  these  three  agents,  especially  as 
Buddha's  religious  doctrine  did  not  at  all 
satisfy  the  deeper  wants  of  the  human 
mind,  and  as  its  author  himself  did  not 
know  anything  of  a  God  standing  apart 
and  above  this  world.  For  whatever 
in  Buddhism  is  found  of  beings  to  whom 
divine  attributes  are  assigned,  has  either 
been  transferred  from  the  Indian  and 
other  mythologies,  and  had  accordingly 
been  current  among  the  people  before  the 
introduction  of  Buddhism,  or  is  a  pro- 
duct of  philosophical  speculation,  that  has 
remained  more  or  less  foreign  to  the 
people  at  large.  —  2.  As  then  the  original 
and  etymological  signification  of  the  word 
is  no  longer  current,  and  as  to  every 
Tibetan  ^dkon-m^og*  suggests  the  idea  of 
some  supernatural  power,  the  existence 
of  which  he  feels  in  his  heart,  and  the 
nature  and  properties  of  which  he  at- 
tributes more  or  less  to  the  three  agents 
mentioned  above,  we  are  fully  entitled 
to  assign  to  the  word  dkon-mSog  also  the 
signification  of  God,  though  the  sublime 
conception  which  the  Bible  connects  v^th 
this  word,  viz.  that  of  a  personal,  absolute, 
omnipotent  being,  wiU  only  with  the 
spread  of  the  Christian  religion  be  gra- 
dually introduced  and  established. 

Note  1.  ran-^rub-dkon-m^og  with  Schr. 
is  evidently  the  appellation  of  the  Christian 
God  adopted  by  the  Rom.  Cath.  missio- 
naries of  those  times.  —  2.  In  the  older 
writings  dkon-m^og  occurs  (as  far  as  I 
know)  never  without  ysum,  and  combi- 
nations  such   as   dkan-m^og-la    ToSod-fa 


'\^' 


^^' 


^{^^  dkorirfa 

byed-pa  or  y»olrba  jiebs-pay  as  well  as  blor 
ma  dkon-mcog^  are  to  be  found  only  in 
■writings  of  a  comparatively  recent  date. 
—  3.  Instead  of  the  phrase  of  asseve- 
ration: dkonrmHog  heSy  God  knows!  the 
mere  words  dkon-m^og  ysum  are  fre- 
quently used  in  the  same  sense. 

j-^  dkdn-pa  C,  jB.,  -two  W.  rare, 
scarce,  and  therefore  dear,  pre- 
cious, valuable  (in  an  objective  sense,  cf. 
/des-pa)  ^ig'Tthv-na  dkdn-no  is  exceedingly 
rare  in  the  world  DzL,  ^ig-rUn-na  dk&n- 
par  bzdn-^o  it  is  of  a  beauty  rarely  to 
be  met  with  in  the  world  DzL;  Uyod  jdra 
mfdn-na  dkdn-rgyu  med  to  see  a  person 
like  you,  is  nothing  particular  Mil.;  Ide 
bd^-mo-la  Ihd  los  dkon  with  a  prattler 
religion  is  scarce,  there  is  generally  not 
much  religion  about  him  Mil.  —  dkoip- 
n&r  riches,  valuables  Mil. 

dk6r  1.  wealth,  riches.  —  2.  mfU- 
dkoTy  yan-dkoTy  sa-dkor  are  ex- 
pressions current  in  C.  which  I  could  not 
get  sufficiently  ei^plained.  —  dkor-ndr  = 
nor.  —  dkor-pa  Cs.,  dkor-mi  Sch.  trea- 
surer. —  dkor-mdzdd  frq.,  treasury.  —  dkor- 
rdzogs  (pronounce  *kor'zog(sy)  n.  of  a 
monastery  in  southern  Ladak,  situated 
16  000  feet  high. 

jrm;^  dkyar  Z.,  Ld.,  a  sort  of  snow-shoes. 
^^  (ScL:  'stocking-boots'?) 
ffJfjQT  dkyil  the  middle,  dkyil-duy  -na  in 
^  the  middle,  c.  genit  in  the  midst 
of^  amidst;  dkyil- nas  from  the  middle, 
from  amidst;  relative  to  time:  ^yar-ri 
kyil-la*  W.,  in  the  middle  of  summer. 
dkyU-ma  the  middle  one,  e.  g.  room,  — 
dwelling-room  Ld. 

Comp.  dkytt'dkHin  v.  skyil-dkrun.  — 
dkyil'^Mor  1:  circle,  circumference,  frq.  2. 
ligure,  e.  g.  dkyil- Jar  gru-bH-pa  quadrangle, 
square;  a  certain  mystic^  figure;  diagram, 
model.  3.  a  circle  of  objects,  Jior-gyi  dkyil- 
cSor  the  circle  of  the  attendants.  4.  the 
area  of  a  circle,  disk,  e.  g.  of  the  sun; 
idUgyi  dkyiUJior  bstan  =  he  showed  his 
foil   countenance  PA.    5.  sphere,   rlun-gi 


11 


«^-      <^     .^ 


«s^g:  dkri-ba        ^     ^    ..»,,    ,    ,    ^. 


dkyil' JIm*  the  atmosphere,  Tnivdkyil-Jior 
the  sphere  of  fire,  and  similarly  of  the  other 
elements,  thai  dkyil- Jot  may  perh.  likewise 
be  translated  by :  the  sphere  of  the  power 
of  a  certain  god.  In  mysticism  and  magic, 
however,  several  other  more  or  less  ar- 
bitrary significations  are  assigned  to  the 
word,  e.  g.  it  is  said  to  be  used  for  lu%- 
kyi  dkyil- Jor  the  whole  extent  or  bulk 
of  the  body,  =  the  body,  dkyil-Jtor-gyi 
ynds-su  ^Mn-ba  to  wear  on  one's  body 
(e.  g.  an  amulet);  or  instead  of  Ids-kyi 
dky. :  dkyil  Uor  mfdn-ba  to  behold  the 
whole  extent  of  religious  doctrine  (?). 

Note.  In  Lex.  dkyil  is  said  to  be  = 
TTHi;  perh.  merely  because  dkyHrJor  is 
used  for  in^lf!'  ^^^  mdnrdal-gyi  dkyil- 
U(yr  is  the  Buddhistic  map  of  the  world, 
representing  mount  Sumeru  with  the  sur- 
rounding continents  etc. 
^mn-dkyti-ba  1  to  run  a  race  Cs.  —  2. 
^  to  wring  out,  to  filter  Sch.  —  3.  to 
caper  about  Ijd.  —  dkyu-byai  rta  race- 
horse Cs.y  dkyusa  race-course  Ck. 
-— _«•  dkyug-pa  to  lose  colour  by  wash- 

"^  '       ing    Ld,y    perh.    more    correctly 
skytig^a. 
j^mtv  dkyus  1.  length,  dkyus-m  in  length, 

"t^S  dkyu8-rin  long  6'.,  spyan-dkym  leogth 
from  one  comer  of  the  eye  to  the  other 
(e.  g.  in  an  image)  C.  (Sch.:  bold,  in- 
solent?) —  2.  untruth,  falsehood,  lie.  Tar. 
108.  7.  dkyu8-nyid  seems  to  be  used  so, 
whilst  188,  5  is  totally  obscure. 

^Tl^ST  ^y^'^"^  common,  every-day,  e.  g. 
^  norbza  every-day  clothes,  dbu-ia 

work-day  hat;  hence  mi  dkyus-ma  common 
people  (without  office  or  authority)  C. 

rfrhr  ^y^^  seems  to  be  ace.  to  Cs.  a 
•^      synonym  of  kloii.    1  only   met  with 

the  word  dkyil-po  1e  in  a  medical  work; 

Sch.  explains  it  by  unhrerse,  and  a  native 

Lex.    by   Uan   ydm-pa  the    wide   house, 

which  possibly  may  signify   the  same. 

-^— .  dkri-ba  pf.  dkrisy  vb.  a.  (cf.  Jri- 
'"*      ba)  to  wind,  to  wind  up,  gru-gu   a 

clew  or  ball  of  thread,  lus-la  gos  (or  g6$- 


3<M'>' 


12 


^HTTOf  i^  dhigspa 


'  STTjO;  bka 


sC^  di . ' 


(■ 


V.  /  ./f6^i 


kyis)  dkr.y  to  wrap  a  garment  round  the 
body ;  rtsd-bar  Jidi^-lo  dhris-pai  yceu  Med. 
was  explained  to  me:  a  magic  spell  in 
circular  writing,  wrapped  round  the  lower 
end  of  a  clyster-pipe,  Jig,:  s^rsnas  ^kun- 
nas  dkm  quite  ensnared  in  avarice;  kun- 
dkns  *all-ensnaring'  =  sin.  —  dkri-ma 
(Glr,  47.  where  the  text  has  diima) 
means  very  likely  necker-chief,  which  col. 
is  called  ^kog^fi  or  Ua-H  C,  'og^sriy  Ua-^ri^ 
kya-hri*  W.  —  In  the  sense  of  Jcrid-pa 
to  conduct  fS<rAJ  it  never  came  to  my  notice, 
r^crorq'  dktngs-pa  1.  darkened,  obscured, 
'"^   '  dim,  =  hngs-pa.  —  also  dkrigs- 

prdg,  term  for  a  very  large  number,  Cs.; 
a  100  000  billion,  ace.  to  2kim,  =  ytdms" 
poj  which  Cs.  renders,  a  1000  billion. 
The  one  may  be,  after  all,  as  correct  as 
the  other,  for  all  these  large  numbers  are, 
of  course,  not  meant  to  be  used  in  se- 
rious calculations,  but  arc  mere  imitations 
of  fantastic  Indian  extravagancies. 
rrmrn'  dkrug-pa  pf.  dknigs  (W.  ^Hmg- 
^^'  h*)  to  stir,  stir  up,  agitate  (as 
the  storm  does  the  sea);  to  trouble,  dis- 
turb, confound  (as  enemies  of  religion  con- 
found the  doctrine,  or  as  passions  disturb  the 
mind);  dknigs-hin  1.  stirrlng-stick,  twirling- 
stick.  2.  disturber,  enemy  e.g.  of  the  doctrine 
Glr.  —  dkrugs  Schr. :  turning-lathe  (?)  — 
dk7nig8-7iiaSchr,:qnasrel.—DzL2^^T'  dkrugs 

byid  -  pa 
dubious;  a  safer  reading  is  dku-lto  byid-pa. 

X  dkrun  v.  skyiL 


w 
^ 


XT  dkrum-pa  Cs.  ^  Sch:  broken. 


rrf^-q-  dkrog-pa   (=  skrog-pa)  1.  to  stIr, 
''^'      churn  frq.   2.  to  rouse,  scare  up, 
Glr.  —  3.  to  wag  e.  g.  the  tail  W. 

^J]P^R'  dh*dl'ba  v.  Jcrol-ba. 

qmcn-q-  bkag-pa  v.  cg^gs-pa;  bkdg-ca  byM- 
'  '      pa  to  forbid  Sch. 

^^V£^P(  bkdii'ba  v.  gMa-pa  to  fill. 

-— -.  bkadf    Lex.    quote    fdgs-kyi    bkad, 
'  '  which    was    explained    to    me    by: 


the   crossing   of  threads  in  weaving;    si- 
milar: mgd^spui  bkady  mgo-bkddihe  crossing 
or  entangling  of  the  hair  on  the  head.  — 
bkdd-pa  seems  =*  Jcad-pa. 
nrw\^  f>l^d'8a  1.  a  bake-house,  kitchen, 

'^      cook's  shop  Lea.  —  2.  open  h^l 
or  shed,  erected  on  festive  occasions  Tib.- 
Ssk.  Glossary;  Tar.  18,  12. 
qmarq-  bkdn-pa  to  pui  to  press,  rkdn-pa 

'  '       rtstg-^a^la  one's   foot   against    a 
wall;   to  apply,   y^d-mo  the  plane,   Idg-pa 
the   hand  Zam.,   to   put   the  hand  on  or 
to  something  (or:  stretch  it  out?  Sch.) 
qrHq-q*  bkdb-pa  v.  ^gibs-pa. 

q;wq-  bka  (resp.  for  ytam,  fsig,  skad)  word, 
'  speech  of  a  respected  person  (where- 
fore order,  commandment  may  often  be 
substituted  for  it),  rgydl-poi  bka  the  word 
of  the  king,  bkd-la  ytsdgs-pa  to  belong  to 
the  word,  i.  e.  to  be  under  the  command- 
ment or  dominion  (of  somebody)  Glr.; 
rgydUbai  bka  the  word  of  Buddha  (this 
is  named  as  one  of  the  five  'means  of 
grace',  so  to  speak,  Glr.fol.  70;  the  four 
others  are :  md(hrgyud  the  sacred  writings 
(sutra  and  tantra\  bstan  bdos  doctrinal 
and  scientific  writings  (sdstraX  lun  oral 
benedictions  and  instructions  of  Lamas, 
man-ndg  admonitions  given  by  them). 
After  quotations  bka  or  bkao  f=  skad  4' 
skad'do)  means:  thus  says  (the  holy  book 
or  teacher),  bka  as  first  part  of  a  com- 
pound is  frequently  used  to  give  the  word 
adjoined  the  character  of  respectfdncss, 
and  is  therefore  not  to  be  translated  se- 
parately. 

Phrases  and  compounds:  bka  bkdd-pa 
to  publish,  proclaim;  publication,  procla- 
mation C.  —  bka-bkyon  (col.  *kab'kyon^) 
'verbal  blows'  reprimand,  rebuke  (given  by 
a  superior),  bka-bkydn  by^d-pa^  mdzad-pa 
B.  C,  *tdn'cey  pin-ce*.  W.,  bka  bkydn-pa^ 
all  of  them  construed  with  dat.,  to  rebuke 
somebody.  —  bka-bUrims  law,  command- 
ment, rgydl-poi  bka-Unms  ynydn-pas  by 
the  cruel  order  of  the  king  Dzl.  —  bka 
bgrd-ba  tO  COnSUlt,  to  deliberate,  nan-bldn  bru 


13 


iOTQ^'  bka 


P^ 


bkar 


dan  hka-Ub'tu  bgrds-pa-la  deliberating 
carefully  with  the  ten  ministers  of  the 
interior  Pth,  (Schr.  gives  also,  bka-grds 
jdri-ba  to  ask,  —  byid-pa  to  give  advice), 

—  hka-^gyur  (^A^-^/ywr,*  com.  ^kan^gyuvy 
kan-^yury*  in  Mongolia  *kanr^ur*)  the 
word  of  Buddha,  as  translated  from  the 
original  Sanskrit,  the  holy  scriptures  of 
the  Buddhists  (100  volumes).  —  bka  cffroU 
ha  to  dismiss  Pth,  bka-bkrol  leave  of  ab- 
sence, y^ol-ba  to  ask  for,  ynan-ba  to  grant 
leave  Schr.  —  bka-rgi/ay  bka-kogy  resp.  for 
rgya-ma  and  sog-bu,  letter  or  paper  from 
a  superior  etc ,  diploma,  missive,  communi- 
cation etc.  bka-^'gyud  1.  =  bkai  rgyud 
'thread  of  the  word',  the  oral  tradition 
of  the  word  of  Buddha,  which  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  delivered  through  a 
coDtinual  series  of  teachers  and  disciples 
besides  the  written  scriptures;  bka-rgyud 
bla-ma  a  Lama  deriving  his  religious 
knowledge  in  this  manner  from  Buddha 
himself  Mil.  2.  perh.  also  =  bka  da/i 
rgijud  'word  and  tantra',  oral  and  written 
instruction;  bka-^ygud-pa  n.  of  a  Lama- 
sect  Schl.  73.;  bka-bsgos  commandment,  pre- 
cept —  bka-sgyur  order,  bka-sgyur  jnan-- 
ha  to  issue  an  order  C.  —  bka  sgyur-ba 
1  to  translate  the  words  (of  Buddha  etc.) 
2.  to  issue  an  order  (viz.  in  the  name 
of  a  superior).  —  bka  sgrog-pa  1.  to  pub- 
lish an  order.  2.  to  proclaim,  read,  preach 
the  word,  —  bka  ycog-pa  to  act  against 
an  order,  yab-kyi  bka  bcag-iu  med  the 
order  of  the  father  must  be  obeyed  Glr. 

—  bkorchns   resp.    for  Ua-chm  testament 
-—  hka-mcid  resp.    for   mcidy    words    or 

speech  of  a  superior  or  any  person  to 
be  honoured,  —  bka  nyan-pa  ccgp,  1.  vb, 
to  obey.  2.  adj.  obedient,  bka  mi  nyan- 
J>a  1.  to  disobey.  2.  disobedient,  bka 
fnyan  'the  cruel  commander',  ace.  to  a 
Lex.  =  bUan-pai  sa-bdag  'the  mighty 
lord  of  the  ground',  is  said  to  be  the 
fii^t  of  gods,  either  Siva  or  a  pre-bud- 
dhistic  deity.  —  *ka  ta/i-ce*  W.  to  per- 
niit  —  bka  btags-pa  (I^x. :  =  tcrims  bsgrarfR- 


pa)  a  proclaimed  order,  cf.  bkar.  —  bkar 
rtagz  Cs.;  mark,  seal,  precept,  maxim  (?)  — 
bka-stod  ScL:  'a  subaltern,  agenf  (?)  — 
bka-fau  order,  edict  —  bka-drin  resp.  for 
dnn,  favour,  grace,  kindness,  benefit,  bka- 
drinmdzddrpa  to  bestow  a  favour,  mi-la 
upon  somebody;  bld-mai  bka-drin - gyis 
through  the  kindness  of  his  (your)  re- 
verence Mil.;  bka-drin-M  the  usual  phrase 
of  acknowledgment,  as  our:  you  are  very 
kind!  many  thanks!  B.  and  col.  —  bka- 
dmh  secretary  (of  a  high  person)  C.  — 
bka-yddTm^  =»  ial-yddrm  advice,  counsel, 
instruction;  bka-yddm^-pa  I.  adviser  Sch. 
2.  n.  of  a  sect  of  red  Lamas,  founded 
by  Brom-ston  Scld.  73.  —  bka^^ddgs-pa 
to  proclaim;  proclamation.  —  bka-hdu-ba 
collection  of  the  doctrine  Tar.  —  *ia- 
ndn*  instruction  C.  —  bka  yndn-ba  1.  vb. 
to  order,  command;  grant,  permit;  2.  sbst. 
order;  permission;  ned  bdd-kji  rgydl-poi 
btstin-Tno-la  bka  yndn-bar  hi  I  beg  you 
will  give  her  as  a  consort  to  my  (the 
Tibetan)  king  Glr.  —  bka-pSs  Sch.  a 
supreme  order.  —  bka-prin  message.  — 

bka  Jbdb-pa  the  going  forth  of  an  order, 
bka-Jbdb  order,  edict  Sckr.  —  bka-Jkum^ 
vulg.  *kam'biim*^  the  hundred  thousand 
precepts  (title  of  a  book).  —  bka  stsol-bay 
pf.  steal  (stedl'to,  stedl-pa),  re.«p.  for  smrd- 
&a  to  speak,  to  say  (ace.  to  circumstances; 
to  command,  ask,  be^,  relate,  answer  etc.), 
esp.  in  ancient  literature,  in  which  it  is 
almost  invariably  used  of  Buddha  and  of 
kings.  —  bka-blo-bdA  Lex.:  =  ^ERHT^ 
speaking  well,  eloquently;  Sch.i  bka-blo- 
InU'ba  to  acknowledge  to  be  wrong  (?); 
bka-bldn,  (bkai  bldn-jx)  Glr.  f.  ^i)  prime 
minister;  any  high  official.  -—  bka-^dg  any 
writing  of  a  superior,  decree,  diploma, 
passport,  official  paper,  letter.  —  bka  ysdgs 
1.  a  high  official,  counsellor.  C.  2.  court  of 
justice,  judgment-halt 

— — -.  bkar  te/^m.  of  bka  in  or  to  the  word 
'      etc  ;    bkar  ^ddgs-pa  Cs.    to  legalize, 
Dzl.   cap.  4:   to   proclaim,   publish,  bkar- 
bfags-pa  published;  publication. 


14 


qm^*q*  bkar-ba 


q^q*  bkroba 


h 


P^V^P[  bkdr-ba  v.  dgdr-ba. 

qmoj'q'  bkdl'ba  v.  ol^dl-ba  and  ^g^Uba, 

nmsr  ^^^  instr.  of  bka;  bkds-pa  v.  ^ff^s- 

'      pa. 
qm-q-  bku'ba  Lex. :  to  extract,  t^  make  an 
n]       extract  of  a  drug  by  drawing  out 
the  juice  (Ku-ba  Jbyin-pa);  bkus-te  Jb&r-ba 
id,;  smdn-bku  medicinal  extract. 

q'T|^|'  bktig  V.  kug;  bkiig-pa  v.  ^gugs-pa. 

q^^'  bkum  V  fe^m;  bkum-pa  v.  ^gurm-pa, 

nmx'n'  f^kur-ba  1. 1 .  tjJ.  to  honour,  esteem 
>J  (synon.  mc6d-pa)^  md/i-pos  bkur- 
bai  rgydl-pOy  Wff^^mf^t  the  king  honoured 
by  many,  frq.;  kitn-g  ,18  bkur-Hn  mfod- 
pai  ^08  worthy  of  general  honour  and 
respect  Mil,;  mis  bkiir-bar  mi  c^.v^/*  is 
not  esteemed  by  men  DzL  —  2.  sbst 
honour;  more  frq.,  bkursti,  honour,  respect, 
homage,  mark  of  honour,  bkur-stis  mUd- 
pa  to  distinguish  (a  person)  by  marks  of 
respect  Zam,;  rdn-la  bkur^ti  Jyyun  dtis 
when  honour  is  shown  to.  yourself  Mil; 
bkur-sti  byid-pa  to  do  honour  frq.;  to 
make  a  reverence,  to  salute.  —  II.  pf.  of 
Jlitr-ba  to  carry;  in  the  term  mdn-pos 
bkiir-bai  rgydl-po  the  legend  combines  this 
signification  with  the  preceding  one  Glr, 

q^TWj'q'  bkdg-pa  v.  cg^'pa- 
qnTC'q'  bkdn-ba  v.  o^dn-Ja. 
q'rfe'q' i^Jd-jja  v.  ^gddrpa, 

q^wTq'  bkon-pa  v   Ji6n-pa, 

!^:Tf^  hkdb'lta  (^kdb-ta*)  the  plan  of  an 
'     ^  undertaking    W.    (vulg.    pronun- 
ciation for  bkod'bltaf) 
— ;jijV-q5-  bk&r-Jb'^   Mil,    seems    to    be  a 
'       "^  kind  of  goblins. 

qn]arq'6)WWa  v.  U6l-ba, 

qmq-q-  bkdl-ba  Ca,:  to  talk  nonsense,  v. 

^  kydl'ka;    bkydl-pai   nag  =  kydU 

ka  Lex. 


q^crj'q'  bkyig-pa  V.  Jiyig-pa. 

q^'q'  bky^'ba  v.  cffy^'^^' 

q^r-q-  bkyedrpa  to  bend  back,  recline  (vb. 
^  '       nt.),    rgyam   bySdrde   bending  or 
turning  far  aside. 

^^^^'  ^^^'P^  *®  ^^^  (="  rdun-ba) 
^  '  Mil.  nt;  bku  bkyon-pa  resp,  to 
chastise  with  words,  to  SCOld,  frq.  (v.  bka^ 
phrases);  Schr.  mentions  also  bkyon-bkydl 
chiding. 

qm-q*  bkra-ba  (Lex,:  ^  f^^,  cf.  also 
^  Urd'bo)  1.  variegated.  —  2.  beaufa'- 
ful,  blooming  (of  complexion);  glossy,  well- 
fed  (of  animals);  sa-bkrd  n,  of  a  cuta- 
neous disease. 

Comp.  bkra-bzdn  n.  of  a  mountain  in 
Tibet.  —  bkra-lam-Tn^  v.  Ura-lam-mL  — 
bkra-sis  Ssk,  if^pf  1.  happiness,  prosperity, 
blessing,  Jbdns-mam^-la  bkra-Ms  sag  happi- 
ness to  my  people!  may  they  prosper! 
Olr,;  *ndd-m£d  fsdd-med  torU  punrsum- 
fsdg  iu*  I  wish  you  good  health  and 
immeasurable  and  perfect  happiness!  (new 
year's  wish  in  W,);  bkra-his-kyi  cu  holy 
water  Glr,;  bkra-his-kyi  mdl-Uri  nuptial 
bed  Cs,;  bkra  sis-kyi  fsiff  or  smon-lam 
bleshing,  benediction;  ^ta-si  sig!*  Good 
bye!  May  you  be  happy!  ^Uyddrla  fa-hi 
co!*  I  wish  you  joy!  (also  ironically)  W.; 
bkra-his-Un  being  happy,  enjoying  pros- 
perity Glr,;  bkra-Ms  siiin-bai  gd-ca  in- 
struments used  for  insuring  happiness 
(to  a  new-bom  infant)  Lt.  —  2.  sacri- 
ficial ceremony  by  which  blessings  are 
to  be  drawn  down,  bkrorhis  by^d-pa  or 
mcdd-pa  or  ^ydg-b^  (W.^  barley  being 
scattered  —  yyog-pa  —  on  that  occasion), 
to  perform  this  ceremony,  —  bkrorsis-pa 
propitious,  lucky,  perh.  also:  happy;  bkra- 
sis-^ai  Itas  lucky  signs;  bkra-sis-pai  rtags 
lucky  configurations  or  semblances  (such 
as  e.  g.  devout  imagination  seeks  to  dis- 
cover in  the  outlines  of  mountains  etc. 
Glr,  fol.  58.)  bkra-sis-ma  n.  of  a  goddess, 
Sch,:  goddess  of  glory  Dzl,  —  bkra-^- 
his  misfortune,  calamity,  bkra-mi-his-pa  un- 


15 


q^  bkrag 

happy;  calamity,  bh'a-mi-Ms'pa  fams-tdd 
all  maimer  of  calamities.  (The  expression 
hhrcHm-his  c.  dat.  *|or:  'Woe  to  .  .  .  '  in 
our  translation  of  the  New  Test,  does 
not  rest  upon  classic  authority,  but  has 
been  adopted  as  analogous  to  the  above 
mentioned  bkra-his  hog,)  bkra-his-^os-rdzon 
(^ta-H-cO'dzd/i*)  'Tassisudon'  in  Bhot, 
hkra-m-lhun-po  (^ta-sv-hlyTrirpo*)  'Tashi- 
lanpo'  in  Tsan. 
qTrar  bkrag  1 .  brightness,  lustre  =  Tudam, 

^  also  bkrag-mdam^  e.  g.  of  jewels. 
2.  beautiful  appearance,  colour,  of  the  face 
or  skin,  also  ha-bkrdg;  ha  bkrag-mdam  pure 
gloss  of  the  skin  MU,;  bkrag- ^an  bright. 
bkrag-  H&r  without  gloss,  dim. 
qmq'q'  AA^rai-pal.  to  select,  choose;  mUdg- 

"^       tu  bkrab  exquisite,  choice  Lea;.  — 
2  =  Jcrdb-pay  skrdb-pa  W. 

^^J^^"  bkrdm-pa  v.  cg^'hn-pa. 

qirpjiq^  bkrdl'ba   1.  pf.    of  ^griUba  Cs., 
^        Tar.   124,   14.  —  2.  to  appoint, 
Us'la  to  a  business.. 

OTwf jF|-  6^a8-pa  1.  Sch,:  pf.  of  a  verb 
bkrd-ba,  adorned,  decorated  (?) 
2.  Cs,:  bkras  abbreviation  for  bkra-sis^ 
y^as'btags  for  bkra-his  Ma-btags  =  Ha-btags. 
qfi-q*  bkri-ba  1.  for  dkri-ba  to  wrap.  — 
2.  for  Jcrid-pa  to  conduct.  —  3. 
to  try  to  acquire,  to  search  for  Dzl  2q 
to  lay  up,  =  *hri'te''   W. 

^^^  bkris  abbrev.  for  bkra-his. 
^^fj^m'  bkn's-pa  for  dkris-pa  v.  dkn-ba, 

^,    ^7W  bkru,  bkrus,  v.  Jirud-pa. 

qmqrq-  1.  Dzl,  ^^^  1.  prob.  an  incor- 
N5  rect  reading.  2.  prov. 

instead  of  dhiig-pa,  v.  )a  bkrug. 

ij^q' bkr^-pa  I.  Ca,  poor,  indigent, 
hungry,    sai  pt/ogs   bkr,   a   poor, 

barren  country  Stg,  —  2.  miserly,  stingy  C, 

qft^j-q-  bkrh'pa  vb.  to  be  hungry;  adj, 
^       hungry,"  sbst,  hunger  B.,  C,  where 

it  is  now   used    as    the  respectful  term; 

bkresskdm  hunger  and  thirst;   bkres-skdmr 


ifp^  rkan-pa 


pa-las  ^og-par  Jbyin-te  leading  after  hunger 
and  thirst  to  satiety;    bkris-rnab-pa  Sch,: 
to  have  a  ravenous  appetite. 
^^K?r  bkrom  v.  ^grdhs-pa, 

^^^^^^  bhvl'ba  V.  ^dl'ba, 

^SPl'^  W/a^-;pa  V.  klog-pa, 

jL-  rka  1.  a  small  furrow  conveying  water 

'  from   a   conduit   (yvr-ba)   to  trees  or 
plants;    furrow   between   the   beds   of    a 
garden;  hence:  2.  flower-bed. 
fsj^  rkan  (Ld.  *skan,  yafC")  1.  marrow, 

'  rkan-Tndr  id.;  rkdn-bro-Trta  tasting  of 
marrow  Sch,;  rkdn-^  Kdn^naa  bt/dms-pa 
love  from  the  innermost  heart  TJigy*  — 
2.  the  upper  part  of  the  arm  or  thigh,  or 
the  large  marrow-bones  of  them,  dpun-- 
rkan,  rld-rkan  Med,  —  3.  kernel  of  a  nut 
etc.  W,  —  4.  =  rkan-pa  no.  5,  stalk;  also 
quill  of  a  feather.  —  5.  in  compounds  for 
rkdn-pa, 
jtQ-q-  rkan-pa  (resp.  labs)  1.  foot  —  2. 

'  leg.  —  3  (cf.  lag-pa)  hind-fooL  — 
4.  lower  part,  lower  end,  e.  g.  of  a  letter, 
rkan-pa-tan  ^having  a  foot',  so  the  nine 
letters    are     called     that    extend     below 

th   r     f^   P  ®^'^  ^^^'  ~  ^'  ^®'"'  ^"^» 
''  '     esp.  leaf-stalk,  lo-rkdn,  — 

6.   verse,  metrical  line;    fstg-rkdny  prop.: 

fs2gs'su-bcadrpairkdn'pa,id,y  fsig-rkdn  mfar 

nyis-hdd  fob  at  the  close  of  a  verse  a  double 

sJiad  is  placed;  hence:  verse  of  the  Bible 

Chr.  Prot,  —  7.  base,  foundation^  rdztp- 

prul-gyi  rkdn-pa  bhi  Dzl,  the  four  ^pillars' 

of  performing   miracles  (isfT^TT)  Tiigl, 

Comp.  ^kan\dg^  bandy-legged  cT'T^'^^^^ 
rkan-kiH  a  piece  of  cloth  to  wrap  round 
the  legs  (Lat:  tibiale)  Sch,  —  rkoA-Jium 
Lex,  w.  e.,  prob,  having  a  foot  contracted 
by  disease  —  rkan-Jidr  bandy-legged  Sch, 
rkan-mgijdgs'pa  nimble-footed,  rkan-mgydgs- 
kyi  rdzas  Iham-la  byugs-te  oiling  his  boots 
with  swiftfootedness,  a  miraculous  oint- 
ment imparting  this  gift  Glr,^  Tar,  67. 
—  rkan-cg^d  a  vassal  or  subject  paying 
his  duty  by  serving   as   a   messenger  or 


16 


ff^  n 


ian 


^' 


'^  rko-ma 


porter  Cs,  —  rkan-,gros  or  -brds  1.  walk- 
ing on  foot  2.  domestic  catUe;  breeding- 
catUe.  —  rkah-rgfjU  Cs.:  Hhe  hollow  of 
the  8ole\  —  rkan-yag-pa  one -footed.  — 
rkan-rjen  bare-fOOted.  —  rkan-i^is  footstep, 

trace.  —  rkan^ynyis-pa  two-footed,  a  biped, 
po.  for  man,  manl(ind.  —  rkan-&tegs  foot- 
stool; trestle.  —  rkaH-fdn  on  foot,  rkan- 
fdn-pa  pedestrian,  foot-soldier,  rkan-fdn-du 
grul'ba  (Sch.  also:  rkan-fdn-ba)  to  walk, 
to  go  on  foot.  —  rkan-mfil  sole  of  the  foot. 

—  rkaitrjiin  (crron,  also  -fun)  Ssk.  VfX^n 
'drinkiDg  with  the  foot'  po.  for:  tree  Mil. 

—  rkan-dun  trampet  made  of  a  haman 
thigh-bone  (Hook.  I  173).  —  rkan-diiig^ 
puy  rkan-drug-ldan-pa  six-footed;  insect,  j>o. 

—  rkan-ydub  foot-ring  (ornament).  — 
rkan^jdrhi  (v,  also  zabs-jdr&n)  disgrace, 
rkan  ^drin-pa  c.  genit.  to  get  a  person 
into  disgrace,  to  deprive  him  of  his 
honour  and  good  name,  to  be  a  disgrace 
to  another,  e.  g.  a  son  to  his  father  by 
criminal  actions  etc.  rkart-rdum  a  maimed 
foot;  lame  Cs.  —  rkdn-snam  trowsers, 
mdm-bui  rkdnmam  ycig  one  pair  of  cloth- 
trowsers.  rkan  pags  Umn  S.  g.  fol.  9?  — 
rkah-pyin  felt  for  covering  the  legs,  v. 
rkan-dkri.  —  rkan-bdl  upper  part  of  the 
foot.  —  rkanjbdm  a  disease  in  the  foot^ 
Sch. :  gout.  rkan-Jxrds  or  bros  v.  rkan-^grds. 

—  rkan-ts^gs  v.  fsigs.  —  rkan'mdzub'^dzer- 
pa  Sch. :  corn  (on  the  toe).  —  rkan-mdz^ 
iron  pricks  fastened  to  the  feet  for  climb- 
ing mountains.  —  rkan-bii-pa  f Olir-f ooted ; 
quadruped.  —  rkan-Ug  hands  and  feet, 
rkaii'lag  bhdl-ba  Lty  Sckr.:  'numbness  or 
rheumatic  pain  in  hands  and  feet^;  rkan- 
Idg  sSr-kar  ^m  hands  and  feet  chap  Sch. 

—  rkan-ldm  foot-path.  rkan-hin  treadle,  of 
a  loom.  —  rkan-subs  stocking,  SOCk.  — 
rkan  sdr  toe. 

rfi^  rkan  v.  dkan. 

rfiSI'CJ'  ^*"'^*P«  I-  ^i-  to  desire,  to  long,  n&r- 
I  la  for  money.    II.  sbst.   1.  longing 

(cf.  Ham  extr.)  —  2.  v.  skam-pa, 
jt-n*  rku'ba^  pf.    (b)rJcuSy  ft.   brku,  imp. 
ND       rkusy  to  steal,  to  rob,  brku-bya  to  be 


stolen,   brku'byai  rdzas   things    that  may 
be  stolen. 

jLT-w  rkun-ma  1.  thief  frq.  2.  theft  rk, 
<r^  by^dpa  (W.:  "co-ce*)  to  steal; 
^huvrma  zos  son*  W.  it  has  been  carried 
away  by  a  thief;  *llarkun  gydb-d^  W,  'to 
steal  with  the  mouth',  to  promise  to  pay 
without  ever  doing  so,  or:  to  deny  having 
known  a  thing  missing,  until  all  inquiry 
has  ceased  and  it  may  be  safely  appro- 
priated (a  common  practice  of  servants 
in  India);  dur-rkun  robber  of  graves.  — 
rkun-fabs-su  iZa«-Ja  to  take  away  thievishly 
Stg.  —  rkitTir-nor  stolen  goods.  —  rkun- 
po,  fern,  -vio  thief.  —  rkun^dpon  the  head 
of  a  gang  uf  thieves  or  robbers  Cs.  — 
rkunrzla  a  thief's  accomplice, 
ytq-  rkub  (Lex.  Ti[Jt)  1.  the  anus  B.  — 
3  2.  vulva  W.,  C^—  3.  backside,  poste- 
riors C  —  rkub'sUgs  sitting-bench  C.  — 
rkub-fsos  buttocks  Cs. 

^'^  rke-ba  (cf.  skhnpa)  lean,  meagre  Cs. 

^r-jpj-  rked'pa,  also  sked-pa,  W. :  ^sked- 
I  '  pa*  1.  the  waist,  sen-ges  mcdns-sar 
was  m^ons  rhed-pa  jcag  if  the  fox  takes 
a  lion's  leap,  he  breaks  his  neck  MU.; 
*skyed  kug  tdn-he*  W.  to  bOW;  *8ked'Z^*(?) 
the  arms  a-kimbo  W.;  more  particularly 
that  part  where  the  girdle  is  worn,  loins; 
rkedrgydn  ornament  of  the  girdle;  rk^dr 
pa-nas  gri  bton  he  took  a  knife  from  his 
girdle  /^. ;  *kS*'pa  bhab*  'her  waist  fell', 
euphem.  expression  for:  she  has  got  her 
menses  C.  —  2.  the  middle  of  a  building, 
of  a  mountain,  ^Uar-skyid^  W.  the  mid- 
dle story  of  a  castle;  rk^d-pa  tsam  brtsigs 
fsdr  nas  when  the  building  was  half  finished 
Glr.;  Ti'sei  rked-pa-na  yar  bslebs  son  he 
is  already  half-way  up  the  Ti-se  Mil. 
^T^n*  ^kd'ba,  pf.  (b)rko8,  ft.  brko,  imp. 
I  rkos  1.  to  dig,  dig-out,  to  hoe,  e.  g.sa 
earth;  rko-byM  digger;  po.  also  a  spade, 
mattock;  brkdbyai  sa  soil  to  be  turned 
up.  —  2.  to  engrave  (cf  Jmr-ba);  brko- 
spydd  a  gouge  Sch. ;  brkds  ma  sculpture. 
5^3T  '^kd'Tna  n.  of  a  bird  Wd/i,,  prob.  = 
'       ko-ma. 


^?r  r%. 


-ma 


mT  Tky4n 


17 


mnrSf  rkdg-ma  v.  Ikdg-ma. 

^fJT'nr  rkdn-pa  Cs.:  itch,  za-rkdn  id.;  L^.; 

'         rkdn-fo.    Others   describe   it  as  a 

scabby  eruption  of  the  skin,  chiefly  aflfect- 

ing  animals,  but  occasionally  also  men  C, 

fff{^'  rkdd-pa,  =  rkd^a  Ts. 

3^q-  rkdn-pa,  also  skdn^a  1.  basket;  the 
I'  word  is  said  to  be  used  in  Kun.; 
perh.  also  the  Ladakian  word  ^kun-dum^y 
a  large  cylindrical  or  bottle-shaped  basket, 
may  be  traced  to  the  same  form.  I  never 
found  it  in  books.  —  2.  net,  fowler's  net 

Lf€X, 

MT/q-N  rkyag(-paX  also  akj/agC-pa),  dirt, 
^  '  ^excrement;  ^kydg-pa  tdn-^a*  C.y 
^kydg  tdn-b^  W,  to  cack,  vulg.  —  mig- 
skydg  the  impurity  in  the  eyes  Cs,;  ^na- 
skydg*  ear-wax  W. 

AT-  rkyan  the  wild  ass  or  horse  of  Cen- 
^  tral  Asia,  Chigitai,  po-rkydn  male, 
TfUhrkyan  female  of  it;  rkyan  ddr-ma  a 
young  wild  ass,  rkyan-rgan  an  old  one, 
Cs.  -^  rkyanrhi  n.  of  a  lake  in  the  south 
of  Ld,y  in  the  neighbourhood  of  which 
these  animals  are  particularly  numerous. 

M^zx  ^l^on-pa  simple,  single;  ras  rkyan 
^  a  single  sheet  of  cotton  cloth  DzLy 
Mil,;  *mi  kyarf  a  single  i.  e.  free,  un- 
employed man,  one  that  carries  no  burden 
C;  yi-ge  rkydn-pa  a  letter  that  forms  by 
itself  a  syllable,  or  one  that  is  not  brtsSgs- 
pa  and  without  any  other  consonant  or 
a  Towel-sign  superscribed;  rkydn-pai  gram 
are  called  1,  10,  100  and  the  fiLrther 
powers  of  10;  min  rkydn-pa  a  word  that 
has  no  affix-denoting  case  etc.  attached. 
—  *kyahy  kyan-kydnj  kydn-ka^  Ua'(r)kydh*j 
coL  (in  B.  ^a-stag)  only,  nothing  but,  *p^' 
Ha  nags  kdr-kyan  du^  the  book  contains 
nothing  but  charms.  —  *kyah'kydh*  also: 
living  by  one's  self,  childless  W.  — 
^kyan-Uab*  single  folded. 

^f^^  rkydn-ia  v,  rkydn-ha, 

^P'$r  rkydn-ma  n.  of  a  vein,  v.  rtsa. 


«•  rkyan  (Ld,  *skyan*)  1.  a  brass- vessel 
^  ^  like   a   tea-pot,    with   a  spout,   rag- 
rkyan  id.;  ^o-kyan^   W.   milk-pot.  —  2. 
pot-belly,  paunch  Sch. 
^PP^  rkydUkay  sometimes  for  kydl-ka. 

ffpj^q^  rkydl^a,  jfja,  leather  bag  frq.; 
^  pun-po  mi-ytsan-rdzdS'kyi  rkydl-pa 
a  poetical  term  for  the  body  Mil;  rkyal- 
bu  CkyaUu*)  small  bag,  pouch;  ranrkydl 
bag  of  goatskin;  pye-rkydl  (*&'kyal*  C, 
^pe-ky.*  W.)  bag  for  flour, 
yfifirn'  ^kydlnba  to  swim,  *kyal  gydb-ie* 
"^  W.  id.;  rkyal  rtsidrpa   to   amuse 

one's  self  by  swimming. 
Sl^  rkyeny  /g^^f^  WiU.:  ^with  Buddhists:  / 
^^  a  co-operating  cause^  the  concurrent 
occasion  of  an  event  as  distinguished  from 
its  proximate  (or  rather  primary,  original) 
cause\  rgyu  \ig{.  (The  right  meaning  was 
given  already  by  Schr.y  whereas  after- 
wards, by  a  mistake  of  Cs.j  the  totally 
erroneous  sense  of  ^effect,  consequence' 
has  become  current  among  philologists.)  . 
1.  cause,  occasion,  rkyin-gis  c.  gen.  by,  on 
account  of,  dii  rky^n-gis  whereby?  dei 
rkyin-gyis  thereby,  therefore,  dei  rgyu  dei 
rkyin-gyis  id.  As  a  medical  term,  opp. 
to  rgyu  (the  anthropological  or  primary 
cause  of  a  disease)  it  denotes  the  patho- 
logical or  secondary  cause  of  it.  —  2. 
event,  occurrence,  accident,  case,  circum- 
stance, in  a  general  sense,  in  as  far  as 
the  Buddhist  conceives  every  thing  that 
happens  in  the  mutual  connexion  of  cause 
and  effect;  rkyen  nan-pa  unfortunate  ac- 
cident; rkyen  ndnrpas  ^das  he  has  perished 
by  a  fatal  accident  Glr.;  fse  ^dir  hyun- 
bai  rkyen  ndn-ma/ms  the  adversities  of 
the  present  life  Mil.;  ran  mi  ^dddrpai 
rkyen  an  event  disagreeable  to  one's  own 
self;  bU-bur  rkyen  a  sudden  accident  Mil.; 
rkyen  dd-la  brt^n-nas  owing  to  that  cir- 
cumstance Tar.  8.  1.  midrpai  rkySn-la 
bltds-te  or  brtin-te  C.  considering  the  case 
of  not  being  .  .  . ,  not  having  . .  .  ,  thus 
nad-kyi  rkyen^  jH-bai  rkyen  stands  also 
for:   a   case   of  disease,    of  death;  <^aZ- 

2 


18 


^C'^  rkydh-ba 


rkyin  any  circamstaDce  or  event  adverse 
to  the  success  of  an  action,  obstacle,  hin- 
derance,  any  thing  opposite  or  hostile  to  the 
existence  of  another  thing,  mfunrrhyiny 
a  happy,  favorable  circumstance,  furtherance, 
assistance,  supply,  mfun-rkySn  byid-pa  c. 
genit  to  assist  in,  to  help  to;  mfrnirrkyin 
odzoTHrpo  altogether  successful.  —  3.  mis- 
fortune, ill  hick,  calamity,  rkym  zldy-pa  to 
avert  a  misfortune,  figs-pa  to  endure, 
iulnpa  to  brave  it  Mil.  —  cf.  rgyu. 

3^-«-  rkydn-ba  pf,  ^  ft  brkyan,  to  stretch, 
^  extend,  stretch  forth  (one's  hand  to 
a  person),  put  out  (the  tongue),  spread, 
distend  (the  wings,  a  curtain),  labs  ynyis 
brkyan-bskum  one  leg  stretched  out,  the 
other  drawn  in  Pth,;  ^kyan-kddrb^  W. 
to  stretch  one's  limbs.  —  brkyan-hin  1. 
*extending-wood\  an  instrument  of  torture 
in  Tibet,  a  wooden  frame  on  which  the 
extended  arms  and  legs  of  the  delinquent 
are  fastened  down,  whilst  burning  pitch 
or  sealing-wax  is  dropped  on  his  naked 
breast,  which  procedure  is  called  brkyan- 
Hn  sprdd-pa,  brkyaMin-la  biug-pa  or 
brkydn-ba  2.  cross  Chr.  Prot  This  word 
has  been  adopted  on  account  of  its  ety- 
mological signification,  although  it  differs 
in  its  form  and  use  from  the  atavQcg  of 
the  N.  T.,  which  is  unknown  in  Tibet 
and  India.  Additional  explanation  will 
be  at  any  rate  required  on  the  part  of 
missionaries;  but  much  more  so  in  the 
case  of  the  Kro-^e  (ItaL  croce)  of  the  Rom. 
Cath.  missionaries  of  the  last  century.  In 
favour  of  the  word  ysal-siny  pointed  stake 
for  empaling  a  delinquent,  speaks  the 
circumstance,  that  this  is  also  the  original 
and  classical  signification  of  atavQog^  and 
that  Buddhists  from  their  own  legends 
are  well  acquainted  with  the  idea  of 
martyrdom  inflicted  in  this  manner.  Still 
pal-^in  leads  to  a  conception  of  the  death 
of  Christ  historically  untrue  and  revolting 
to  our  feelings  and  is  therefore  better  not 
employed;  moreover  it  is  to  be  assumed 
that  in  the  times  of  the  Evangelists  arav- 


'  ^S^  skd-ba 

Qfig  was  the  term  generally  used  for  cross, 
whilst  in  the  case  oi  /salrHn  no  Tibetan 
thinks  of  anything  else  but  empaling. 

5r'^  rkydn-tse^  W.,  resp.  ^zim-kyony  zim- 
tm^y  lamp,candle,(spelling  uncertain). 

oprofcr  f^ff^-p^^'  dumb,  mute;  Ma  Ikugs- 

<6  '  par   byedrpa   to   put   to   silence 

Do,;  Vcugs-parpa  a  dumb  man,  -ma  woman 
Cs.  —  2.  dull.  Stupid  Sch. 
^m  Ikog  secrecy,  Ikdg-gi  'fun-ma  Cs.:  a 
^  '  wife  kept  secretly,  a  private  con- 
cubine, Ikdg-tu  in  secrect,  secretly  frq.: 
Ikdg-tu  gyur-puy  Ikyog-gyuVy  V^f^y  secret, 
hidden,  out  of  sight  MU.y  Tar.;  Ikdg-tu 
gUn-ba  to  converse  secretly;  Vc.  sddd-pa 
to  keep  in  retirement.  —  Ikog-rnan  a  re- 
ward given  secretly,  a  bribe.  —  Ucog-ids 
Sch.:  'a  secret  doctrine';  but  Vcog-^os  by  id- 
pa  is  gen.  understood:  to  apply  one's  self 
to  religious  studies  or  exercises  in  secret 

—  ttogr  jab  byid-pa  to  hide  one's  self  in 
a  lurking  place:  Ikog  )ab  byed-nas  Ita-ba 
to  watch,  to  witness  from  a  lurking-place. 

—  Ikog-zdn  zd-ba  Sch.  to  take  usury- 
interest  in  secret.  —  Ikog-ldb  backbiting, 
slander. 

^•$J'  Zid^r-TTia  (vulg.  ^og-ma*)  1.  gullet, 
^  '  oesophagus.  —  2.  wind-pipe.  —  3. 
throat  —  4.  neck.  Ikdg-mai  Iha-g&n  Sch.y 
(ace.  to  others:  Ihar-g&r)  the  larynx, 
^Koi  Ikdg^ma*  or  *og^ma  h*an  son*  W.  his 
throat  is  swollen,   he   has  the  croup.  — 

—  Ikog-dkdr  a  small  nocturnal  carnivorous 
quadruped  with  a  white  throat,   marten? 

—  Ikog-gdgs  hoarseness  of  voice  Cs,  — 
Ikog-^dl  dew-lap  (of  oxen).  —  Ikog-sdg  craw, 
maw  (of  birds)  Cs, 

^'  Ikob  fat,  heavy,  plump  Sch. 
^^TSI^^'  Ikolmdudy  ako  'ol-mdudy  larynx. 
JJTOTr  ska-tig  v.  skad  bigy  skad  no.  4. 

S'^^'  ska-hdg  n.  of  a  grammarian  Zam. 

«y«-  skd-ba  thick  (of  fluids,  cf.  sldrba); 
^  sUa-sldd  (Ld,:  *kas4dd^)  consistence, 
density.  —  W.:  *skdn-t^. 


cr>  c 


^•^ 


f^^P!}^  skorrdgs 

gpQmr  fiorrdgs  B.  ^  C,  also  ake^dgs, 
^  ^  W.  *kye'-rdgs^y  resp,  sku^rdgs 
girdle,  aka-rags  JHn-ba  to  put  on  the  girdle, 
skorrdgs  bkur-ba  Sch.:  a  girdle  with  a 
clasp  (?). 

»qr  dsuff  1.  Cs,:  =  keiffy  keg,  mischief; 
^'  unluclcy.  —  2.  v.  rgyuskar. 

skdn-ba  «  akon-ba;  skan-ysd  1.  sa- 
tisfaction iScA.  —  2.  a  kind  of  ex- 
piatory sacrifice,  to  make  amends  for  a  duty 
not  performed. 

^lE^'^  skan-ia  Sch.:  SOds  cat  out. 

j«r-  skad  (C:  *ka*)  1.  voice,  sound,  cry 
(V-  ^S'^^^)?  gldn-po-lfei  skad  Itorhui  sgra 
a  sound  like  the  voice  of  an  elephant,  *X:a'- 
la  'iig^a  dkgn  mi-big-^c^  C.  (words)  equal 
as  to  sound,  but  of  different  sense  (=  ho- 
mophone), sdug-bsndlrhai  dead  jbyin-fa^ 
snyin-iei  skad  ddn^a  to  utter  lamentable 
cries;  akcui  sUr-ba  Sch.,  *A«'  gydg-pa^  C, 
^skad  tdn-t^  W,  to  SOUnd;  *Aip'  tan-wd^ 
C.  ^skad  gyab^^  W.  ccdp.  to  call  to  a 
person;  skad  mf&n-par  with  one  voice, 
^ith  one  accord.  —  2.  speech,  words,  talk, 
news,  *Aa'  H  nan  (odug^  what  is  your 
pleasure?  what  did  you  say.  Sir?  C; 
zir-ha  de  H-skad  yin  the  (words)  spoken 
what  speech  are  they?  =  what  do  they 
mean?  Pth.;  ^di'Skadr(du)  in  these  words, 
thus,  (before  a  literally  quoted  speech), 
d&skad^hes)  id.  (after  it);  it  is  also  used 
in  a  more  general  sense  instead  of  ^ 
Uar:  dd^ad  ma  byed  don't  do  that  Mil.; 
shad  smrd-ba  to  give  account,  to  relate 
Ld.'Glr.  fol.  12.  b.  &c}d.y  ace  to  another 
reading  instead  of  ara  smrds-te;  skad  by  id- 
pa  id,  rmi-ldmrdu  byiin-ba  skad  byds-te 
reporting  it  as  having  been  revealed  to 
him  by  a  dream  Pth.  ^  3.  language,  bdd- 
skad  the  Tibetan  language,  rgya-gdr^kad 
the  Sanskrit  language,  bddr-skad^Uy  coL 
-^  into  or  in  the  Tib.  language,  yuU 
skadrdu  into  or  in  the  provincial  dialect. 
—  4.  a  snap  with  the  fingers,  always 
with  big:  skddrbig'(7na)y  gen.  as  a  measure 
of  time:  a  moment;   also  adv.:  for  a  mo- 


'  '  ^^  skabs 


'^'^     -^      C       t'u    C-JtI.  Itu,'.  Vv^A- 


ment,  skdd-big-la  in  a  moment^  instantly, 
in  one  moment,  skddriig  de-nyidrla  in  the 
very  same  moment.  (Some  mathematical 
books  compute  the  skdd-Hg  =  *IJ*'y  others 
as  long  as  Vj'O- 

Comp.  and  Deriv.  skad-^gdgs  hoarseness 
of  the  voice,  C^.  —  skad-ndnl.B.  bad  voice. 
2.  cry,  screaming.  —  skddrhan  having  a 
voice,  sounding.  —  skdd-ia  1.  C:  dis- 
course, conversation,  *ka^'(fa  Ub-pa*  or 
^jM-pcf  to  converse,  to  have  a  chat.  2.  C. 
talk,  rumour,  *mii  kd*^^a  re*  it  is  (but) 
talk  of  the  people.  3.  W.:  news,  tidings, 
intelligence.  —  skadrti,  -Hin  1.  a  loud 
voice  Sch.  2.  n.  of  an  animal  Lt  -^  skadr 
ynyd  Sch.:  a  high  voice.  —  skad^snydn 
agy&r-ba  MU.  to  sing  or  whistle  in  a 
quavering,  warbling  manner,  of  birds, 
flute-  players  etc.,  ^yv/r-skad  a  singing 
or  playing  of  this  kind.  —  skad-d6d  an 
equivalent  word,  ^n-mai  sk.  another  word 
for  wife  Ghrarnm.  —  skddrpa  v.  the  se- 
parate article  below.  —  skad-f/kir  Cs.  «= 
skad-^dgs.  —  skad-bzdn  1.  a  gOOd  VOiCO. 
2.  W.:  good  news.  —  skad-lkgs  dialed 

—  skad-ldg  clamour,  screaming.  —  skadr 
ysdns  mfo  Sch.:  a  loud  Voice,  skad-ysdn 
nyamS'}Sun  c^iyur  the  voice  is  getting 
weak  Wdn. 

^^  skad  ladder,  v.  skds-ka. 

Mr^r  skddnpa  I.  vb.  1.  to  say,  tell,  relate, 
^  '  Hn-Udfrns  Ug  yddrdo  skddrpar  fos 
that  a  land  (of  bliss)  exists  I  heard  say 
Mil;  more  frq.  at  the  end  of  a  sentence 
skddrdo  or  skad  for:  it  is  said  (=  dicitur), 
grags  skad  id.  MU.  —  2.  to  name,  call, 
skddrpa  partic.  =  byd-ia  named,    called. 

—  3.  Ldr.  *skdd-iey  ;(dd'i^  to  measure, 
take  measure.— n.  sbs.  interpreter;  language- 
master,  teacher. 

«up^  skdn-te,  W.  instead  of  skd-ba  thick, 
^^  turbid. 

Mq^  skais  1.  time,  opportunity,  case, 
^  circumstances;  mfdn-Cbai)  skabs  op- 
portunity of  seeing ,  skabs  myidrpa  to  find 
an  opportunity,  skdbs-su  or  skabs-^ikdbs-su 
now  and  then,  under  certain  circumstances. 


20 


V^ 


skam 


'n 


skdbs-m  or  skais  with  genit.  at  the  time 
of^  on  occasion  of^  during,  while,  when; 
d^ka  skdb-m  in  a  moment,  instantly, 
skabs  odir  now,  here,  in  this  case,  in  this 
place  (of  a  book  etc.)  frq.,  skais  re  once, 
for  a  time,  ^skabs-tdg*  Ld.  (col.)  now, 
bdrskabs  interval,  interlapse  of  time  Tar.; 
dus-akabsy  fsS-^kabSy  ynds^kabsy  time,  state, 
situation,  skabs  dan  sbydr-bay  dus-ekaba  dan 
batun^a  fit  for,  adapted,  suited  to  the  oc- 
casion. —  2.  6J}.  'mode,  method',  or  perh. 
rather,  way,  manner;  so  the  word  seems 
to  be  used  in  Wdn.:  Idum^i  skabs  la- 
pug  dan  skyi-higs  ^drd-bar  the  manner 
(nature)  of  the  plant  being  similar  to  that 
of  a  radish  as  to  growth.  —  3.  section, 
chapter  (cf.  ytam  no.  3),  so  esp.in  Tar.; 
skabs  bdu  the  ten  sections  of  Buddhistical 


^S^  skdr-ma 

md  gut  skav^  a  little  box  weighing  9 
rupees  (about  4  ounces);  ^skdr-ka  or -Ma^ 
weight;  ^skar-Md^  measure,  scale.  Wl,  C. 

—  3.  ""skar-tdg  tdn-b^  to  inquire  rigor- 
ously; to  restrict,  to  bind  down,  to  flog; 
^akar-lddg^  a  rigorous  inquiring,  a  flogging 
TT.,  also  a 

Bjrgr  dcdr-ma  Ssk.  TITTT  1-  *^»  fixed 
^  star,  nyi  zla  yza  skar  sun,  moon, 
planets  and  stars;  sometimes  it  is  used 
generally:  ^skar-Hhi^  a  very  large,  un- 
commonly bright  star,  esp.  Venus  when 
appearing  as  evening-  or  morning-star; 
nytn-moi  akdr-ma  a  star  seen  in  the  day- 
time   (a   thing   of  very  rare  occurrence). 

—  2.  constellation,  asterism;  buas-skdr 
constellation  of  nativity  Med;  yyanskdr 
propitious  constellation  (such  are  the  nak- 
datras  no.  ^  to  ^^^  v.  rgytir%kdr). 


theology,  also:  one^that  has  absolved  them.  ^       ^^ 

0      a3T  dcam  v.  akdmrpa  and  -po.  tlt^^^r^^^"^  ^^""^  skdr-hm   (th 

gijqw  skam-pa   I.  vb.    1.  =  rkdmrpa  to 
'm'        Innn   fnr    _  9    = 


long  for.  —  2.  =  sk^m-pa  (bskam- 
pa).  —  n.  sbst.  1.  «=  rkdm-pa  longing,  2. 
a  pair  of  tongs;  skam-^^/i  small  tongs, 
pincers;  also  several  other  instruments  of 
a  similar  shape.  —  III.  adj.^  com.  skdm- 
po  dry,  skam-rldn  1.  dry  and  wet  —  2. 
dryness  in  a  relative  sense,  ^skam-^  Ld. 
very  lean  (like  a  mummy),  skdm^a  the 
dry  land,  the  shore,  skam  id.,  skdm^ar 
pyin^pa,  skam^la  aUb^pa  to  get  ashore, 
akam-lam  journey  by  land  Wis,;  ^skaTTV- 
sah*  Ld.  meat  perfectty  dried. 


skar;    this  and  the  compounds  skar- 
ka   and   skar-fsad   v.    under    ska-ba; 


?5f:«r 


skar-kun  etc.  under  skar-ma. 

skar-ba  Cs.:  'a  penning  of  cattle, 
assortment,  separation,  to  pen,  to 
fold,  to  separate'.  But  as  these  significations 
seem  to  belong  to  the  spelling  bkar-ba 
and  dgar-bay  it  will  be  safer  to  confine 
the  verb  skar-ba,  pf.  bskar,  imp.  skor,  to 
the  following,  1.  to  hang  up,  ^skar-tan- 
be,  Mr-la  skdr-de  id.  Ld.  (e.  g.  clothes). 
—  2.  to  weigh,  and  *«*ar*  weight,  ^gau 


e  same  word  as 
dkar-Uun^  but  of  a  different  etymology)  win- 
dow. —  skar-Kdns  Cs.:  'the  angular  dis- 
tance between  two  stars  or  planets'  (?) 
—  skar-Md  a  weight  (*5  points*  on  the 
steelyard  for  gold)  =  1  io  or  Y,o  ounce; 
as  money  =  Vj  rupee.  —  skar-^  'star- 
water';  bathing  under  the  constellation 
skdr-nna  rib-bi  (prob.  rewatiy  the  28  th 
nakkatra,  is  meant)  in  October  is  con- 
sidered beneficial  for  every  kind  of  com- 
plaint, because  Sans-rgyds  amdn-pai  rgydl- 
po  (quasi  'Buddha  Aesculapius' ,  to  whom 
the  origin  of  the  medical  science  is  ascribed 
by  Tibetan  Buddhists),  bathed  in  that 
season,  and  therefore  Tibetans,  though 
not  particularly  fond  of  washing  and  bath- 
ing in  general,  are  said  to  follow  this  ex- 
ample pretty  firequetnly.  —  skar-mdd  (Cs. : 
'ignis  &tuus'?)  a  shooting  star,  Itun  or 
sa-la  dril  is  coming  down,  opans  Mil.  id. 
—  skar-dpyddy  -rtsi»  astrology.  —  skar- 
prdn  a  small  star.  —  skar-ts6gs  the  starry 
host.  —  skar-^dzin  'star-catching',  mak- 
ing one's  self  sure  of  a  propitious  constel- 
lation, e.  g.  for  an  intended  journey,  by  a 
sham  departure,  conveying  luggage  or 
goods   to  the  next  village  etc.,    but  then 


21 


?^^ 


shdJrba 


sku 


interrapibg  and  postponing  it  to  a  more 
convenient  time. 

gjpr:r  skdl-ba  Ssk.  ^fpf,  re»p.  sku-^dl  1. 
^       portion,    share;    bgo-skdl   allotted 
portion;  zas-dcdl  portion  of  food,   ration; 
ran-dcdl  personal  share;  norskdl  or  sycd- 
ndrGfr.  hereditary  portion,  inlieritance;  skdl- 
ha  ma  Md-par  without  being  shortened  of  his 
portion  MiL;  ma  mfdn-ba  skdl-ba  ma  m^- 
pa  ^dra  it  does  not  seem  to  fall  to  my  lot  to 
see  my    mother.  —   skal-cdd    dried    up, 
withered  Sch.  (f)  —  2.  in  a  special  sense: 
the  portion  of  good  or  bad  fortune  that  falls 
to  a  man's  lot,    as  a  consequence  of  his 
former  actions,    lot,  fate,  destiny,   a.  rela- 
tively: skdl-ba  bzdn-fOy  ndiv-pa  good,  bad 
fortane;  fse  ^dn  grogss^dl  the  matrimonial 
share   of  the  present  life,    the  connubial 
fate  for   which  a  person   is  predestinated 
Glr,  (The  Buddhist  priests  pretend  to  be 
able  to    calculate  the  skdl-ia  of  any  one 
after  his    death  J      b.    in  a  positive   and 
good   sense,    denoting    either   prosperity 
and  blessing   as  a   consequence  of  good 
actions,    or  those   actions   themselves   as 
heing  pious  and  meritorious,  so  that  skal" 
Man  means  happy,  blessed  as  well  as  pious, 
devout,  and  skal-mid  unhappy,  irreligious, 
impious,  skal-lddn  are  all  those  who  have 
devoted  themselves  to  virtue  and  treasured 
up  more    or   less  good  works,    and  who 
may  expect  to  be  promoted  in  proportion. 
The  term   worthy,    therefore,  though  not 
quite  correct  as  to  the  word  itself,  is  still 
very  appropriate  as  it  regards  the  subject; 
even  venerable,    holy  may  be  applied  oc- 
casionally, cf.  VR^  and  ^nr^TPC*    ^^^^ 
some  single  blessing  or  spiritual  gift  may 
be  meant  by  skdl-ba  and  so  the  Ommani- 
padmehum  is  called  the   cos-skdl^  the  re- 
ligious treasure',  of  Tibet  Olr. 
mrrjr  skds-ka  B.y  C,  skds-Ka,  skds-pa  C, 
^     '  skrds-ka    (pronounced    *te-ka    C, 
hds-kuy  kre-^ca    W.)y  even  skas,  skad  lad- 
der, generally   consisting  of  the  notched 
trunk  of  a  tree;  rkydn-skad  C.  'single  lad- 
der\   the   same,   compared   with   two   or 
tbee  of  them  joined  together,  to  make  a 


sort  of  staircase  with  broader  steps;  *do- 
td  C,  do-^ds,  do-sre*  W.  a  flight  of  stone- 
steps;  ^gya-krds,  gyor-hre  W.,  gya-ke^^   C, 
(Schr.)  a  regular  staircase  as  in  European 
houses;  grvr-skds  Olr.  prob.:  flight  of  steps 
at  the  comer  of  a  building ;  gro-skad  Glr, 
fol.  7  appeared  to  be  unknown  to  those  that 
were  consulted;  skas-kyi  rimrfa  Cs,  steps; 
*kra-ldan,   kral-ddn*   W,  spokes  of  a  lad- 
der;  ska»  ^gram   Cs,    the   two  side-pieces 
of   a   staircase    or  ladder;   skas  odzt^-pa 
to  apply  a  ladder  Schr,,  Cs. 
g4  sku,  Ssk.  ^iT^,    sometimes  ^;f^  1.  also 
^  sku-luSy   shu-yztigSy  resp.  for  lus:   body; 
by  being   prefixed  to  the  names  of  parts 
of  the  body  and  even  of  everything  that 
has   reference   to  the  bodily  existence  of 
a  person,  it  imparts  to  them  the  charac- 
ter of  respectful  terms:  sku-stody  -smad  the 
upper,   lower,    part  of  the   body;   sku-^a 
flesh;  skttr-mfsdl  (for  sku-Krag)  blood  Cs. 
sku-mddg  colour  of  the  skin,  sAw-wdlage 
8fe^-fs« lifetime,  life;  sku-Mms  state  of  health; 
sku-skdl   portion,    share,    sku-cds   goods, 
stores   MU.y   sku-bsdd  virtue,    happiness 
Tar.;  sku-sky^s  a  present  (given  to  or  re- 
ceived from  a  respected  personage^;  shi- 
Jbdg  image,  statue  Glr.;  sku-mdun-pa  (C: 
*kun-dumr^a*)  or  -drun-pa   attendant  of 
a  man  of  rank;    *ku-)ar-wa''    ('adherent', 
V.  Jbyar-ba)  id.  C;  sku-nye  Sch.  relation, 
kinsman;   sku-ysegs-pa  dying,  deatjt  (of  a 
king  etc.)  Glr. ;  sku-bstod  praise  Sch. ;  sku- 
hogs  (ace.  to  Cs.  instead  of  sku  ysogs  the 
side'  =  your  presence)  a  title  of  honour, 
when  we  should  say:  your  or  his  honour, 
your  or  his  worship,  in   W.  only  for  cle- 
rical dignitaries,  in  C.  also  for  other  per- 
sons of  rank.  Even  buildings  (monasteries 
etc.)  are  honoured  by  these  respectful  ex- 
pressions: sku-dkar  ysol-ba  to  'administer' 
whitewash.  —  2.  in  a  special  sense:   the 
person  of  Buddha,   whom  philosophers  re- 
present in  three  forms  of  existence  called 
sku-ysum  p|i||^,  viz. :  Hds-kyi sku,  \|4}^l<|, 
lons-spyddriyi  sku  ip^t^ttfilll  and  sprul-pai 
sku    ff|iilH|mi|.     These   three  'persons', 
however,  have  as  little  as  dkon-m^og-ysum 


any  thing  in  common  with  the  Christian 
Trinity,  nor  even  with  the  Indian  Tri- 
mfirtti,  for  the  first  state,  the  'body  of 
law',  the  absolute  body,  is  Buddha  in  the 
Nirvana,  the  so-called  first  world  of  ab- 
stract existence  L  e.  non-existence,  which 
is  the  ultimate  aim  and  end  of  every  ex- 
istence and  the  ideal  aspired  to  by  every 
believing  Buddhist;  the  second  state,  the 
'body  of  happiness  or  glory'  is  Buddha  in 
the  perfection  of  a  conscious  and  active 
life  of  bliss  in  the  second  world  (heaven  or 
Elysium),  which  state  however  is  inferior  to 
the  first;  the  third,  the  'body  of  transfor- 
mation and  incarnation',  is  Buddha  in  the 
third  or  visible  world,  as  man  on  earth. 
Notwithstanding  the  altogether  abstract 
character  of  ^dsskuy  as  a  philosophical  con- 
ception. Buddhistic  fancy  is  pleased  to  re- 
present it  as  a  visible  image  of  Buddha, 
shining  in  the  colours  of  the  rainbow,  or  at 
least  as  abrilh'ant  apparition  of  light,  though 
impalpable  and  unapproachable;  and  this 
is  not  only  a  notion  of  the  vulgar,  but 
is  acknowledged  ako  in  literature.  More 
recent  speculators  have  even  added  a  no- 
bo-nyidnkyt  sku  superior  to  the  three,  viz. 
that  which  is  eternal  in  the  essence  of  a 
Buddha,  even  ^dssku^  the  absolute  body, 
being  described  by  these  philosophers  as 
transient.  Xhe  unintelligible  passage  in 
CsJs  dictionary,  p.  305  b.  might  be  cor- 
rected thus:  'adding  to  the  former  three 
as  a  fourth'  etc.  —  To  this  signification 
belcJng  the  compounds  dcurrim^  resp,  for 
rim-^o  reverence,  respect,  particdarly  in 
the  special  sense  of  a  solemn  sacrificial 
ceremony,  performed  on  public  and  private 
occassions,  e.g.  in  cases  of  disease;  sku- 
rim  byM-^a  to  perform  such  a  ceremony. 
—  skurrUriy  sku-^dby  skur-yzugs,  sku-odrd 
(W.  ^kuip^d*)  image  of  Buddha  etc.  — 
3.  image,  statue,  of  Buddha  or  other  holy 
persons,  j's^sku  a  gold  image,  rddsku  a 
stone  image,  c^im-sku  an  image  of  clay,fcm- 
dcu  a  painted  image,  o^wr-sto  a  basso-relievo, 
rkdssku  an  engraved,  bUgS"  or  Idugs-dm 
a  molten,  fdgssku  a  woven  image  Ci.  — 


g^-cr  sk&d^ 


sku^Jmm  'mausoleum'  or  ace.  to  another 
etymology  'the  100  000  images',  n.  of  the 
famous  monastery  Eumbiim  east  of  the 
Kokonor  (v.  Travels  of  Hue  and  Gabet). 
—  sku  ysun  tugs  1.  (cf  sku  no.  1)  resp. 
£  lus  nag  yid  the  three  spheres  of  a  man's 
doings  or  sufferings,  works,  words  and 
thoughts.  —  2.  the  rten  ymmy  the  three 
representations  of  Buddha:  the  image  of 
his  person,  the  books  containing  his  doc- 
trine, the  pyramid  (mcod-rt^)  as  the 
symbol  of  his  grace.  —  sku-lnorrgydl-po 
five  deities  of  degenerated  Buddhism 
ScM.  157. 

sku-^ru  a  paddle-wheel,  without  a  rim; 

such  are  the  water-wheels  of  all  the 
mills  in  the  Himalaya  sku-ru-Ka  the  figure 
of  a  cross  -f-  X.  The  latter  is  conmion  in 
books  as  an  abbreviation  like  our  'etc.',  to 
save  the  repeated  writing  at  full  length  of 
the  same  sentence,  as  refrains  etc. 
M^i^  skugs  the  stal(e  in  a  game  or  wager 
>3  '  received  by  the  winner,  —  skugs*- 
stdn  Sch.  id  J 

gjT'fl-  skun-ba  pf.  bskuns^  ft.  bskun  1.  to 
^  hide  in  the  ground.  —  2.  to  bury, 
to  inter.  —  3.  to  tie  in  a  doubled  or  twisted 
position,  e.  g.  a  corpse  before  it  is  burnt, 
to  cord  on  all  sides.  —  bskuns-sa  lurking- 
place,  hiding-place  MU, 

S^'  skud  sbst  V.  skddrfa, 

^^^zr  «^d-pa  I.  sbst.  thread,  yam;  wire; 

>3  '  skud-pa  yhdd-pa  to  cut  off  the  thread, 
also  fig.  Cs.  to  divorce;  ras-skud  cotton 
thread,  Uags-skud  iron  wire;  fson-skiid  co- 
loured thread;  skudr^d  the  thread-ends  of 
a  seam;  skiiS-bris-mHan  an  embroiderer. 

II.  vb.  pf.  bskuSy  ft.  bskuy  imp.  skus, 
col.  ku-wa  C\  *shti-<e^  W.  to  smear  *^d- 
gir-^la  iaar  sku-ie^  to  butter  the  bread  W,^ 
*di'la  ndg-po  ma  sku*  don't  make  that 
dirty  W.;  to  besmear,  to  daub  snyin-poC-la) 
snum-gyts  a  wick  with  grease  Dd.;  sgd^ 
la  rtsi  to  pahit  a  door;  spds-kyis  skM^a 
to  anoint;  skud  ointment,  *hra-sh^  po* 
matum  W. 


jjc-gs'  dcudr^  1.  brother-in-law  C%. 


^q'  skd-ba 


23 


—  2. 


father-in-law. 


T 


S3r^  8^n-^  =  Ww-Jm  Lea. 

r^v  skum^a  pf.  bskums^  ft  bskurriy  imp, 
skum(s)  to  contract,  to  draw  in,  e.g. 
the  leg. 

wq*  dcur-puy  also  skur-kldn,  skur-Ms  ab- 
^  use,  occasioDally  blasphemy;  skur- 
jMs-^a,  byed-pa,  smra-ba  to  abuse,  viz.: 
persons  to  whom  respect  is  due,  esp.  holy 
men  or  things,  e.g.  o^pags-pa-la  the  ve- 
nerable DzL ;  dkon-mddg  ysum  mi  bdht-par 
hd'Hn  skur-pa  Jiibspa  to  blaspheme  by 
'  denying  tie  'Three  Most  Precious'  Thgy. 
igrihskiir  v.  sgro. 

jprn*  skur-ba  I.  pf.  skur,  at  the  end  of 
>3  a  sentence  shur-rOy  sometimes  for 
skur-pa  ^debs-pa  Mil,  — 

II.  pf.  ft.  ^  imp,  bskuVy  pf  at  the  end 
of  a  sentence  bskur-to  1.  to  send,  to  trans- 
mit, e.g.  news,  objects,  also  an  army, 
but  not  a  messenger;  mdun-du  skttr-ba  to 
send  on  in  advance,  to  have  carried  be- 
fore, e.g.  a  banner;  skur  ynan  mdzddr- 
pa  resp.:  to  be  pleased  to  send.  —  2.  to 
give,  hand  over,  deliver,  consign,  ghfe  in 
dnrge,  commit,  e.  g.  an  army  to  a  general; 
dban  skur^a  to  invest  with  power,  to 
authorize,  ji  dgd-iar  gyid-du  dban  skur  big 
give  me  power,  permission,  to  do  what 
I  like  Dzl,;  rgydlrpor  dban  skurba  to 
aathorize  somebody  to  be  a  ruler,  to  ap- 
point, create,  designate  as  king.  The 
ceremony  observed  in  such  a  case  is  a 
kind  of  anointing  or  baptism,  pouring  holy 
water  on  the  crown  of  the  head,  spyi-bo- 
noi  dban  skur-bay  and  as  supernatural 
powers  are  supposed  to  be  active  during 
^  process,  dban  dcur-ba  means  also:  to 
Men,  consecrate,  endow  with  miraculous 
power;  esp.  four  mystical  powers  of  me- 
ditation are  imparted  in  this  way. 

j-fl-  skul-ba  pf  bskuly  at  the  end  of  a 
sentence  bskul-to,  Ssk.  ^^,  to  ex- 
hort, admonish,  enjoin,  mi  iig  las  byedrpar 
a  person  to  do  a  thing;    to  appoint,  mi 
Hg  Id^luy  in  the  same  sense;   to  impose. 


r 


f<    -T 


\-~     -^-n--:    d.;«75        - 


mi  Hg-da  laSy  work  on  somebody,  —  perh. 
a  mere  provincialism;  dei  fsig-^  bskul- 
nas  induced  by  his  words;  mdm^es  las 
dan  nyon-mdns-kyis  bskid-nas  the  (departed) 
soul  urged  on,  influenced,  driven,  by  its 
former  works  and  sins  S,g,;  Ihasrin 
mcod  skul  kyan  though  I  tried  to  deter- 
mine, to  bring  round,  the  gods  and  the  evil 
spirits  by  sacrifices  Pth,;  glin  sags  drdg- 
tu  skul-hin  flutes  and  other  (instruments) 
calling,  resounding,  fortissimo  and  so  ani- 
mating the  actors;  *yid  skul-^e*  W,  to 
remind,  admonish;  *8an*  (for  yean)  "skuU 
be*  to  rouse  by  shaking.  —  bskuUba  and 
more  frq.  bshd-ma  exhortation,  admonition; 
bskuUma  ^debs-pay  C.  also  dcuUrgyag-pay 
skub-bdg  by^d^a  Mil,  nt  to  admonish,  OX-^ 
hort  —  *skuUUan  W,  overseer. 
^-  ske^  vtdg,  skye,  seld.  skyay  neck,  throat, 
^  frq,;  neck  of  a  bottle  Ca,;  *skye  tsir 
tdn-bCy  *kyig'bey  sddm-ce*  W.  to  choke, 
strangle,  *8ky4'la  fdg-pa  tdg-na  sdd-ie*  id,; 
ske  ybddrpUy  ytkb-pay  Jbrig-pa  to  behead, 
slaughter;  sker  j^dmnpa  to  seize  by  the 
throat,  to  worry  &ch.;  zker  ddgs-pa  to  tie 
round  the  neck  e.  g.  an  amulet;  dce-Jidr 
necklace  Schr,;  skewed  ornament  for  the 
neck,  necklace  Mil.;  skestdn  Med.y  Sch,: 
cavity  of  the  throat;  ske-rmd  Sch.:  a 
wound  of  the  throat,  a  jugular  gland  that 
has  opened. 

^V  ske-is^  Wdn,y  Ssk,  4^|f%ini  Sinapis 
^  ramosa,  black  mustard;  mustard  seBi^ 
a  grain  of  m.  s. 

gcn-^g^  skeg-fsds  paint,  rouge  (for  the 
^  '  face)  Sch, 

^^^  sk^d-pa  V.  rkid-pa, 

"^gr^  skhnrpa  I.  vb.pf  bskamSyft.  bskamy 
^  .  imp,  skom(s)  to  make  dry,  lean, 
meagre;  to  dry  up;  exsiccate.  —  II.  adj.y 
also  skSm-poy  dry,  dried  up;  meagre.  — 
skem-byM  a  demon  that  causes  drought 
Lt.  —  skem-ndd  Bhar.  consumption, 
'^g-  skd-bay  pf.  (b)skoSy  ft.  bskOy  imp. 
^  skos  1.  to  appoint,  nominate,  com- 
mission, charge  a  person,  Ids-su  with  a 
work  Dzl.y   much  more  freq.:   rgydl-pory 


24 


^^  shh-tsi 


^•^  skdr-ba 


dpon-du  to  be  king,  chief;  rgydlrsar  M^ 
ba  to  raise  to  the  throne;  ma  bskos^in 
without  mandate,  unbidden  Glr,  —  2.  Ids^ 
la  bakds'pa  destined  to  the  works  i.  e. 
destined  to  a  man  in  consequence  of  his 
works;  ned-kyi  las-bskos  my  destiny,  fate, 
lot  Mil. 

Note,  The  signification:  to  elect,  to 
choose  (Cs,,  Sch.)  cannot  be  proved  and 
was  expressly  denied  by  Tibetans. 
gf^  8kO'tsS  1.  a  kind  of  wild  onion  Cs* 
^  —  2.  a  mixture  of  the  leaves  of 
several  kinds  of  leek,  pounded,  formed 
into  balls  and  dried;  when  used,  a  small 
portion  is  broken  off,  fried  in  butter  and 
then  added  to  the  food.  This  spice  forms 
a  lucrative  article  of  commerce  and  is 
exported  from  Ld,  to  Cashmere  and  from 
Lh.  to  India. 

^f|'^  sMg-pa  V.  kdg-pa. 


skon  V.  under  kon. 


q*  skdn-ba  pf.  bskans,  ft  bskafi,  imp. 
skon(8)  1.  to  fulfil,  e.  g.  a  hope,  a 
vow  etc.,  *nyiri^  the  desire  W.;  A^a  Mn- 
ba  to  fill  up  what  is  open,  to  make  up  a 
deficiency  Zam.,  also  dgibai  Haskon  to 
fulfil  perfectly  the  laws  of  virtue,  Ira- 
skdhy  Uorbskdm,  Uas-skon  1.  appendix,  sup- 
plement, ^Mm-du  Korskdn-du  bhad  will  be 
said,  described,  below  in  the  appendix 
Wdn.  2.  By  Tibetan  copjrists  of  books 
a  short  prayer  is  called  so,  consisting  of 
a  stanza  of  4  verses,  which  they  are  ac- 
customed to  write  down  or  recite  after 
having  finished  the  copy  of  a  work,  in 
order  to  make  amends  for  the  mistakes 
they  may  have  committed.  —  fugs-dam 
bskan-rdzds  a  certain  ceremony  v.  Schl. 
260.  —  2.  V.  dpa. 

^grn^  skon-^a  I.  sbst  v.  rkdn-pa.  —  II. 
^  vb.pf.^'ft.bskonlo  dpess,  to  clothe 
another  person  (7*^.  pdl-ba). 

S^^  skoba  =  skabs  Schr.,  Sch. 

^;r  skom  1.  thirst,  skdm-gyis  ydiim-pa  tor- 
^     mented   by   thirst  Dzl.   —   2.   resp. 


zal'Skdm^  drink;  zas  (dan)  skom  food  and 
drink.  —  3.  i.o.  skam  the  dry  land  Glr., 
provinc.  —  skdm-pa  1.  to  thirst,  to  bo  thirsty. 
2.  the  thirst  3.  thirsty,  skdm-pa-dag  ni 
skomrpa  dan  brdl-bar  ogyur  the  thirsty 
will  get  rid  of  their  thirst  S.  0.  —  skom- 
dad  (dad'pa  =  Jjod-pa)  thirst  Med.  — 
skom-fsdd  burning  thirst  MU.  —  *8k(hnrri* 
thirst  W. 

H^-  skor  (cf.  kor)  1.  circle,  mig-skor  eye- 
^  ball  W.;  sbaskdr  hoop  of  bamboo 
Schr.  —  2.  appurtenances,  yi-ge  Jmrbai 
skor  writing  utensils,  fdb-kyi  skor  every- 
thing that  belongs  to  the  fire-place  C. 
(perh.  provinc.)  —  3.  section,  division,  e. 
g.  of  a  book,  similar  to  leu,  chapter  Mil, 
Tar.  —  4.  repetition,  skor  Iddb-pa  to  re- 
peat Schr.  —  5.  theme,  subject,  gan  skdr- 
la  J)ri  jkig  what  is  the  subject  of  this 
writing?  Answer:  rtai  skdr-la  a  horse  C; 
de  sk&r-la  on  that  account,  therefore  Ld. 

—  6.  skor,  skdr-zas  food  presented  to  La- 
mas; laymen  are  deterred  from  laying  their 
hands  on  it  by  the  mysteriously  menacing 
verse:  skdr-zas  zd-la  l^ag-gi  cgrdwrpa  dgos 
he  that  eats  Lama's  food^  wants  iron  jaws. 

-  7.  V.  skdr-ba  no.  II.  'Z.^i-^^  ^^  ^^^  ^ 
g^-q-  sk&r-ba  I.  vb.  pf,  ^  ft.  bekor  1.  to 
^  surround,  encircle,  enclose,  besiege 
cca^^  d.;  also  of  inanimate  objects:  d^-la 
skdr-bai  Wthe mountains  surrounding  it  Glr,; 
ri  ndgs'kyis  bsk&r-ba  Sambh.  a  mountain 
surrounded  by  a  forest.  —  2.  to  go,  move, 
ride  round  a  thing;  esp.  the  reverential  ce- 
remony of  H^f^'H  transferred  from  Brah- 
manism  to  Buddhism,  which  consists  in 
going  round  a  h6ly  object  with  one's 
right  side  turned  towards  it  —  one  of  the 
most  meritorious  and  indispensible  religious 
duties  in  the  eyes  of  a  Buddhist;  ?(fe- 
skor-la  byon  they  walked  round  in  the 
rehgious  direction,  i.  e.  according  to  the 
precepts  of  Buddhism,  bdn-skor-du  son  in 
the  Bon  manner,  i.e.  the  opposite  di- 
rection Mil.;  pyag  dan  skdr-ba  byid-pa, 
as  a  specification  of  religious  duties:  to 
make  salutations  and  circumambulations. 


/' 


\^^ 


25 


^q-  sM-ba 


gdj-q-  skydff^a 


3.  to  wander  through^  traverse,  rgydlrMrm, 
the  countries,  Mil.  —  4.  to  return,  go 
home  Sch.  —  5.  to  turn  round,  twist,  mii 
Udg-pa  a  man's  neck,  i.e.  to  choke,  to 
strangle  him  Glr. 

Phrases:  mgo  skor-ba,  mgo  skor  byid- 
pa  (W.^  ^tO'C^)  to  befool,  delude,  deceive 
a  person,  by  intoxication  or  flattery  Glr.^ 
also  by  a  flood  of  words.  —  *lla  kdr-wa 
C.y  kdr-c^  W,  to  make  one  alter  his  sen- 
timents, to  divert  one  from  a  plan  etc. 
—  *ian*  or  ^dugs  skdr-b^  to  take  ven- 
geance W,  —  *si  kdr^e  (v.  rtm)  W.  to 
count,  calculate.  —  fsdgs-hfi  U&rlo  Mr-ba 
to  arrange  the  objects  of  the  mandal  (q.v.) 
in  a  circle  n.f.  —  skor  Idg-pa,  skor  Idg- 
la  cffrd^a  to  go  round  the  wrong  way 
MU.;  *p4'Ta  kor^e-log  tdn-be*  to  talk  fool- 
ishly, to  twaddle  W.  —  *lag  kAr-l^  the 
patting  a  seal  under  a  document  which 
is  done  by  several  persons  one  after  an- 
other W, 

Comp.  sk&r-Kan  Glr.,  prob.  «  skdr- 
lam.  —  skor^rgyiigs  turning  the  enemy, 
getting  into  his  rear  Mil.  —  skdr-mUan, 
skdr^a  a  turner  Cs.  —  skor-spyddy  skor- 
sin  a  tamer's  lathe  Cs.  —  skor-fig  a  pair 
of  compasses.  —  skor-dbyug  a  sling,  for 
throwing  Sch.  —  skor4dm  1.  the  pathway 
roand-about  a  monastery,  used  for  the 
holy  processions.  2.  a  veranda  surround- 
iag  a  house.  3.  col.  also:  round-about  way. 

II.  1.  the  going,  moving  round,  en- 
drding  etc.  —  '2.  the  way  round  a  thing, 
=  skor-ldm^  in  the  compounds:  ndn-skor 
the  inner,  bdr-skor  the  middle,  pyi-^kor 
the  outer  roundway,  pyi-skor  ^Sn^o  the 
oatermost  —  sd-skor  round-about  way, 
by-way. 

^n-  MUba  pf.  &  ft.  bskol  to  boil  (vb. 
^      act.,  cf.  JUUa), 
^rjy  skds-pa  1.  V.  skd-ba.  —  2.  Sch.:  'to 
^        order',,  but  this  is  sgd-ba. 

fskya  1.  Oar  C,  Thgy.;  skya-Ub  id.; 
skya-^ug  rudder;  sky  a  rgydb^a  to  row 
Schr.  —  2.  spatula  Schr.  —  3.  pot-ladle, 
C.  —  4.  wall  of  stone  or  clay,  bdr-skya, 


partition-wall,  ^bhdr-kya  ia^-pa^  to  make 

a  partition-wall  C. 

m^yjY  skyd'ka,   skyd-^a  Lt,   n.  of  a  bird, 

^   '  Cs.:  magpie. 

■yq-  skyd-ba  I.  vb.  1.  pf.  bskyas,  ft.  bsh/a 

^      1.  Lea.:  =  op(^'ba  to  change  place, 

cf.  skyas.  —  2.  to  carry,  convey  to  a  place 

(a  quantity  of  stones,  wood,  water  etc.) 

W.,  V.  skyed-pa.  —  3.  Sch.  to  SWim   (?) 

II.  sbst.  1.  kettle  Sch.  —  2.  prob. « 
sky  a  1. 

grSf  skya-bOySsk.  \i\^\  and  ITH^,  whitish 
^  gray,  yellowish-white;  ^skya  idg-be  to 
fry  or  toast  a  thing  so  that  its  whitish 
colour  turns  partially  into  brown  Ld.; 
mi  skya  one  clothed  in  light-gray,  (not 
in  red  or  yellow,  as  monks  are),  a  lay- 
man; sno'skya  light-blue,  Qan-skyd  light- 
green,  and  so  of  the  other  colours;  there- 
fore ser-skya  ought  to  denote  light-yellow, 
but  it  is  also  used  as  an  equivalent  of 
T^lfjim^  n.  of  a  saint,  (Ser-skyai-^gron  =» 
Kapilavastu,  an  ancient  city  in  Oude,  and 
Buddha's  birth-place);  originally:  'monkey- 
coloured',  tawny,  Ito^kyd  *pale'  i.  e.  poor, 
insipid,  miserable  food  Mil.nt. 

Comp.  *kya-ko-r4,  kya-fe-r^*  pale, 
white  C.  —  skya-skyd  id.  Sch.  —  skya-ndr, 
V[TZf^  ^'  of  *  flower,  Bignonia  graveolens; 
Skya-ndr-gyi-bu  n.  of  a  city  of  Old-India 
PataUputra,  now  Patna.  —  skya-sndr  ace. 
to  Stg.  the  colour  of  the  skin  of  the  Indians, 
brown.  —  skyorrbdb  Cs. :  a  hind  of  dropsy, 
Sch.:  a  grayish  oedematic  swelling;  slsya- 
rbab^krdhs  Lex.  —  *skya-^mdr*  fresh  (i. 
e.  not  melted)  butter  W.  —  *skya  'od*  W., 
skya-rerts  morning -twilight,  dawn.  —  skya- 
Idm  —  skyd-bo  Thgy.y  6'.  —  skya-sdh  1. 
n.  of  a  tree.  2.  translation  of  P'andu, 
skyors^-gi  bu  a  Panda va.  —  skya-s^  1. 
Sch.:  tawny,  cf.  ser-skya.  2.  'white  and 
yellow'  viz.:  men,  lay -men  and  priests 
Mil.nt. 

fjr^'^'  skyd-ruHra  n.  of  a  drug  Med. 

Mn-q-  »kydg^a  1.  =  rkydg-pa.  -  2.  pf. 
S   '       bskyagSy   ft.  bskyag,   imp.  skyog  to 

2* 


26 


SC^'(3p|'  skyan-nil 


^^skyin^a 


^pend,  lay  out,  expend;  skyagsgo  expenditure, 
dcyag-fd  account  Of  expenses.  —-  3.  W.: 
*skyag  tdn-be*  to  slaughter,  to  murder. 
^'d;q'  %a;7-nt/Z  pavement,  day^oor,  mud- 
^  NO  floor  LftF.,  Cs.;  skan-nul  byid-^a 
to  pave,  to  plaster  {ScL  also;  to  rab^  polish), 
jviq^-  skyabs  (cf.  skydb^a)  Ssk,  jfjj^  pro- 

^      tedion,  defence,  help,  assistance;  me- 

cu'la  skyabs  is  a  protection  against  water 
and  fire;  skyabs  m^drdo  I  am  (or:  he  is 
etc.)  lost!  skyabs  byM-pa^  skyabs  su  cffyur- 
ba  ccgp.  to  protect,  help,  save  a  person, 
frq.  with  srog-gi  added;  skyabs- su  cffrd-ba 
eleg.  mUbay  W,:  *skyab  cdl-la  ydh-be*  to 
seek  help,  miioT  mi-la  of  some  body,  skyabs- 
cffrds  1.  the  seeking  of  help,  if^lf  9f7fir 
2.  the  formnla  Sans-rgyds-kyi  skyabs-su 
miHoy  iSds-kyi  sky.  mSo,  dge-jdun-gyi  sky, 
mSfo,  the  Buddhistic  creed  or  confession 
of  fedth. 

Comp.  skyabs-mgdn  helper,  protector, 
deliverer;  this  is  applied  to  certain  highly 
esteemed  and  respected  persons,  mytho- 
logical as  well  as  liviag,  ni  f.;  Chr.  Pi\ 
use  it  for  Saviour,  Redeemer,  Christ  — 
skyabs-^grds  v.  above.  —  skyabs-ynds  1. 
place  of  refuge,  shelter;  also  of  persons, 
=  helper,  frq  ;  mi-la  skyabs-ynds  byM-pa 
Mil.  to  take  refuge  to  a  person,  to  seek  his 
assistance.  2.  seld.  for  skydbs-su  ynds-pa 
client,  nd-yi  skydbs-ynas  pd-mo-maTns  all 
my  clients,  men  and  women  Glr.  —  skyabs- 
sbyin  a  gesture  of  the  right  hand,  like  that 
for  giving  benediction  Glr.  —  skyabs-yul 
=  skyabs-ynds.  1. 

g^-q^  skydr-gog  naked  Pur. 

M-q"  skydr-po  Sch.:  snipe,  wood-cocic; 
^  skyar-fun  Sch.:  'a  large  snipe'  (??); 
skydr-mo  Sch.  heron;  skyar-Ub  Sch.  spoon- 
bill; fu-skyar  Cs.  duck,  Sch.:  bittern,  but 
the  ^iT^lSf  of  the  Lex.^  'a  kind  of  goose' 
speaks  in  favour  of  Cs.  \ '  -      "^    '    ^ 

S^'^'  skydr-ba  v.  sky&r-ba.' 

Kjxn-  sky  as  a  changing  of  abode;  sky  as  ^dSs- 
^  pa  to  change  ones  dwelling-place 
(cf.  skya-ba)y  skyas  ifen-po  ^dibs-pa  to  die 


§^S|'  shfds-ma  1.  v.  skyes.  —  2.  Sik.:  fem. 

&•  skyi  Cs.:  the  outward  side  of  a  skin 
^  or  hide  (opp.  to  ia);  skyi  yyd-ba  to 
shiver,  tremble  with  fear  Cs.  Comp.:  slyi- 
dkdr  Cs.  dressed  leather;  hide.  —  sh/i- 
Ipdgs  Scfi.:  chamois,  wash-leather.  —  slyi- 
bun  Mil.f  —  skyi'btinjpr oh.  an  itching  of 
the  skin  MiLf"^  sJyv-^d  1.  outward  and 
inward  side  of  a  hide.  2.  Sch.:  the  anus, 
^•fl"  «%«-^«  I-  shst.  1.  a  medicinal  plant 
^  Med.  —  2,  also  *kyi-Uy  pi-lin  kyi-u^ 
potato  C. 

II.  vb.  pf.  bskyiSy  ft.  bskyiy  imp.  skyis 
to  borrow,  esp.  money  or  goods  (cf.  yydr-ba 
and  skyin-pa). 

^prn'  skyig-pa  to  hickup;  skyig-bu  the 
^'      hickup  Med. 

^Z,'^^  sin/in-sdr  Mil,y  eagle,  vulture. 

for-q*  skytdrpa  vb.,  sbst,  adj. ;  tO  be  happy, 
^^  happiness  (Ssk.  ^i^),  happy;  skyidr 
do  (I,  thou  etc.)  am,  art  etc.  happy;  bd4- 
Hii  skyid-la  being  happy  and  glad;  skyid- 
pai  nyi-ma  sun  of  felicity,  propitious  day 
Glr.;  skyid-po  =  skyidrpa  adj.,  firq.,  skyidr 
de-ba  id.   Tar.  5,  19. 

Comp.  skyid-glu  song  of  joy.  — skyid- 
mgo  be^nniug  of  happiness  Mil.  —  sh/id- 
sdiiggoodeaiA  ill  luck,  happiness  and  misery; 
skyid  sdug  ji  byun  kyan  whatever  may 
happen  Glr.;  skyid  sdtcg  bsr4-ba  to  share 
pleasure  and  pain.  —  skyid-l&u  n.  of  the 
tributary  of  the  Ya-ru-tsan-po,  on  which 
Lhasa  is  situated. 

^  skyin  wild  mountain  goat,  Capra  ibex. 
^^^(^  skyin-g&r  lizard  Lex.y  «  da-byid. 

^^'  skyin-fdn  Sch.:  hail,  sleet. 

fe^q*  skyin-pa,  W.  ^skyin-po*y  resp.  kar- 
^  '  skyin  a  loan,  a  thing  borrowed; 
money  advanced  without  interest;  sh/in- 
pa  skyi'ba  to  ask  a  loan;  nd-la  cdi  skyin- 
du  J!sal  he  asked  me  to  lend  him  this 
DzL;  skyin-pa  Un-pa  Cs.  to  take  on  cre- 
dit; skyin-pa  sprdd-pay  c^cdrba  to  pay  back 
or  return  a  loan  Cs.;   n&r-skyin  a  loan  of 


^^  skyibs 

goods  or  money,  gdB^kyin  oi  clothes.  — 
slyin-mi  Schr,  debtor.  —  skyin-fsdb  C: 
the  pledge  for  a  loan;  ace.  to  others,  how- 
ever, it  just  means  the  object  lent  or  its 
equivalent  when  being  returned, 
^q^  deyibs  everything  giving  shelter  from 
^  above,  an  overhanging  rock,  a  roof 
etc.:  *(lar  skyib*  shelter  from  rain;  ^dag- 
skyib*  nnder  a  porbon  q.  v.  (gyam  is  much 
larger,  pug-pa  deeper)  W.;  bka-dcy.  IHTR, 
a  covered  terrace  or  small  portico  before 
a  house. 

^arn*  ^kyil-ba,  pf.  &  ft.  bskyil  1.  to  bend, 
^  esp.  the  legs  when  sitting  on  the 
ground  after  Oriental  fashion,  also  an- 
other's leg  by  a  kick  from  behind;  to 
bend  the  bow.  —  2.  to  pen  up,  shut  up, 
cattle,  to  dam  up,  a  river,  also:  hi  rdzin-du 
skjfil-ba  to  collect  water  into  a  pond  Glr., 
or  rdzm-bu  sky. ;  to  dam  up  a  pond  (but  not 
'to  dig  if  Schr.);  to  keep  back,  retain, 
detain  a  person  W.;  *Ua  kyiUbe"^  to  keep 
a  person  from  doing  something,  to  dis- 
suade from  W.  —  skyU-kruny  also  skyil- 
mo-krun,  the  posture  of  sitting  cross-leg- 
ged,  skyU-hrun  byidrpa  (resp.  mdzddrpa)^ 
shfU-^mo-krun-gis  (or  du)  ^dug-pa  (re»p. 
bzugs^a)  to  assume  such  a  posture;  sems^ 
dpaxdcyil-krun  the  usual  manner  of  sittings 
in  which  the  feet  are  not  seen,  rd<Mjei 
sly,  the  posture  in  which  the  soles  of  the 
feet  are  seen  turned  upwards,  rdzdgs-pai 
sky.  another  posture  requiring  particular 
practice.  (The  spelling  dkyil-krun,  though 
frequent,  is  expressly  rejected  by  gram- 
marians.) —  *skyUrdin*  W.  a  small  hole 
filled  with  water.  —  *skil'ldir*  W.  handle, 
ling  fixed  to  a  thing,  for  carrying  it,  hang- 
ing it  up  etc. 

annr-  skyur-gdn  Lea:,  w.e.,  Sch.:  a  gulp, 
1  '^  draught 

P-  skyii^ru  a  sour  fruit  Med.;  skyu-ru- 
>5      ra  Med.  (Lex.:  ^Fiif  wood -sorrel) 


27 


^^^  skyiir-ba 


p*^: 


skyurTitm  Cs.:  ^cohdimenf,    8auce, 


the  same  (P);  in  later  times  the  word 
seems  to  have  been  used  also  for  the  o- 
Bve,  and  skyit-rurUn  the  olive  tree,  which 
io  Sik.  is  called  Ka^skyur'poi  hih. 


pidde',  ace.  to  others,  at  least  in 
W.y  only  the  resp.  word  for  spags:  1. 8auce, 
gravy.  2.  dish,  mess. 

sprq'  «%«^-:P«  p£  skyugs.  1.  to  vomit,  e- 
^  '  jed,  e.g.  blood,  skyug-tu  )ug^a 
to  cause  to  vomit,  skyug-pa  drin-pa  to 
excite  vomiting  Tar.;  skyiigs-pa  (partic. 
p£),  nan-skyugsy  the  VOmit  (it  is  the  food  of 
certain  demons,  and  being,  boiled  in  it, 
is  one  of  the  punishments  of  hell).  —  2 
to  lose  colour,  to  stain. 

Comp.  8%t^-;(;dd  rumination,  chewing 
the  cud;  Sch.  also;  eructation.  —  skyug-^ 
bre^a  nausea,  skyug-bro-bai  nod  disease 
of  nausea;  skyug-bro-bas  from  disgust; 
skyug-bro  C.  also  impure  vnth  regard  to 
religion,  «  W.  ^fsidrdu*.  —  skyug-smdn 
an  emetic.  —  skyiig^hg-pa  Sch.  to  feel 
disgust 

Mr  Tyr  skyun^ka,    also    Icun-ka,   jack  -  daW 
5      '   (black,  with  a  red  bill);  skyun-kas 
Z08  Lex.  eaten  or  stolen  by  a  jack-daw. 
gjr-n'  dcyun-ba   pf.    bskyunSy    ft.    bskyun, 

%  imp.  skyun(s)  Cs.  to  leave  behind,  to 
lay  aside,  e.g.  a  task  Lex.y  pride  S.g. 
wr-q-  skyudrpa  l.Ci.; to  forget,  leave  off.  2. 
^  Sch.:  to  comminute;  to  swallow.  (?) 
F^x^O'  ^ky^r-ba  I.  adj.  sour,  sbst  acidity; 
^  more  frq.:  skyur-po  C,  -mo  W.  adj. 
sour,  Ssk.  ^9?|f;  skyv/r  (^itg-pa  1.  to  turn 
sour.  2.  to  suffer  a  substance  to  turn  sour, 
V.  fjug-pa.  —  Ua('ka)^kyur^  olive,  Ua 
(^a)'skyur-p(H  ^  olive  tree  Sik.  —  skyur* 
Ha  Cs.y  ran'sky&r  Cs.y  skyur-ru  (Sik.)y 
skur-mo  Lh.  a  sour  liquid,  vinegar.  (Vi- 
negar seems  to  be  little  known  as  yet  in 
Tibet,  and  the  above  mentioned  expres- 
sions may  have  been  framed  by  different 
persons  on  different  occasions,  but  are 
not  in  general  use.  The  same  may  be 
said  of  Cs.'s  skyiur-pa  and  skyur-^tsi  for 
add  in  a  chemical  sense.) 

n.  vb.  pf.  &  ft.  bskyur  1.  to  throw,  to  cast, 
pyir  out,  Ihun^M  ndm-7nKa^la  bskyur-na^ 
having  flung  his  mendicant's-bowl  up  into 
the  air  Dzl.y  ?Mr  skyur-ba  to  throw  into 
the  water,  rgydb-tu  befain4  one's  self » to 


28 


^  siyus] 


|-q-  skyUa 


tarn  one's  back  apon  a  thing;  to  throw 
away,  throw  down,  a  stone,  a  corpse  etc.; 
to  eject,  lud-pa  phlegm;  to  throw  off,  a 
rider;  to  give  up,  abandon,  a  work;  to  for- 
sake, a  firiend;  to  abort  —  skyur-ma  ab* 
ortion  W,  (f)  —  ?u  skyuVy  yyamkyur  ca- 
pital punishment  in  C,  when  the  delinquent, 
with  a  weight  fastened  to  his  neck,  is 
thrown  from  a  rock  into  a  river. 
Mf-  skjfusf  Sch,:  skyus  fdg-pa  altogether; 
^  sh/ussu  kldg-pa  Gramm.:  to  pro- 
nounce jointly,  viz.  two  consonants  without 
a  vowel  between  them, 
g  s^  1  V.  ske,  —  2.  v.  skyed  and  sky^-ba, 

^fl*  dcyi-ba  I.  vb.  (^fif)  pf.  ikyes  1.  to 
^  be  bom;  nd-la  (seld.  fcw)  bu  skyds-pa 
yin  1  have  given  birth  to  a  son  Gh\;  j^d- 
skyes  a  man,  7nd  skyes  a  woman,  female; 
skye^ga-na^oSi-'bai  adug-bmdl  the  evil  of 
birth,  old  age,  sickness  and  death  (which 
constitute  what  in  the  opinion  of  the  Bud- 
dhist is  the  greatest  evil  of  all,  that  of 
existence);  fdg-ma  sky^-^as,  md-la  skyis- 
nas  B,,  ^^d-ma  skydsa-na*  W.  from  one's 
birth;  sKye  S-  (or  ^)  mdd  pa  subject 
neither  to  birth  nor  to  death,  eternal;  skye^ 
^gag-^mdd'Thgy.y  Lea.,  is  said  to  mean  the 
same.  In  the  special  sense  of  the  doctrine 
of  metempsychosis  skyd-ba  has  often  to  be 
rendered  by:  to  be  re-born,  mi-ru  as  man, 
bur  as  (somebody's)  son.  —  mi  skyi-hai 
HdS'la  bzdd-pa  v.  bzdd-pa.  —  W. :  ^skyi-^e* 
1.  as  inf.  to  be  bern,  reborn.  2.  as  sbst.  the 
being  born;  birth.  3.  as  adj.  being  with  child, 
pregnant;  big  with  young,  also  "sMyd-de-ma*. 
—  2.  to  become,  to  begin  to  exist,  arise,  nod 
kun  mi  skye,  skyds-paan  ii-bai  pyir  ut  ne 
morbus  ullus  nascatur,  natus  quoque  se- 
detur  Med,;  skye-ba  dan  o^ig-pa  to  arise 
and  pass  away ;  firq.  of  thoughts,  passions 
etc.  (the  person  as  well  as  the  thing  in 
the  accus.) :  Kyeu  Urds-pai  sems  sky^-te  the 
youth  —  thoughts  of  wrath  arising  (in 
him).  —  3.  to  grow  (nasci)  liin-pa  Jbru 
sky^ba  valleys  where  com  grows;  ru  mgd- 
la  skye  a  horn  is  growing  on  the  head.  — 
4.  to  grow  (crescere)  ^er  or  Hen-por  sky^ 


ba  to  grow  up,  to  grow  tall;  tm  kyan 
lus'icyi  tsddrdu  akydsso  the  garment  also 
grew  in  proportion  to  the  growth  of  the 
body,  or:  vdth  the  body  DzL;  rM-pod-- 
par  sky^'SO  he  grew  up  a  valiant  man, 
became  a  valiant  man;  to  bud,  germinate, 
sprout,  "sbdns-te  skye  hUg-ce*  to  accelerate 
the  germinating  of  the  seed  by  maceration 
W.;  even  =  opilria  DzL  y^i^  ?  —  5.  some- 
times —  skyd-ba  2.  unless  in  that  case 
*kyi-c^  should  be  spelled  bskyds-^es  W. 

II.  sbst.  (^nfn)  1-  tJie  being  bom,  the 
birth,  skyi-ba  mfo-ba^  skye-mfd  or  mfdn 
high  birth;  of  high  birtli,  noble,  man,  male; 
skyd-ba  drnd-ba,  skye-dmd,  -dmdn  low  birth; 
of  low  birth,  ignoble,  woman,  mi-lus  fob 
kyan  skyd-ba  dman  bom  a  human  being, 
it  is  true,  but  only  a  female  Mil,;  skyes- 
dman  col.  *kyer  mdn*  in  C.  the  usual  word 
for  woman  and  wife,  ne  Uyer  m4n  my  wife. 
—  In  the  special  Buddhistic  sense:  re- 
birth mir  skyi'ba  bidn-pa  to  take  or  assome 
re-birth  as  a  human  being;  also  period  of 
re-birth  =  existence,  life,  skyd-ba  Ji-la  in 
this,  my  present,  period  of  life;  skyi-ba 
bdun  seven  periods  of  life;  also  manner  of 
re-birth,  v.  skye-ynds;  in  a  concrete  sense: 
the  re-born  individual,  yum-gyi  skyd-ba  ym 
she  is  the  re-birth  of  the  queen  dowager, 
the  re-bom  q.  d.  —  2.  the  arising  etc.  — 
3.  the  growing  etc. 

Comp.  skye-dgu  v.  skyd-bo.  —  skye-^d 
=  ^groba  being  (q.v.)  —  skye-sgd  1.  en- 
trance to  re-birth,  viz.  to  one  of  the  six 
regions  of  birth,  v.  ^6-ba  II.,  skye-^gd 
yddd-pa  to  lock  it  up.  2.  face,  Idgs-pa  a 
handsome,  kan-pa  an  ugly  face;  also 
ka-sgd  skye-Jyras  legs-pa  is  said  for:  having 
a  handsome  exterior  C.  —  skye-m^ed 
(^n^nnr)  the  five  (or  six)  seats,  i.  e-  or- 
gans, of  the  senses  (the  sixth  is  ini^  the 
inner  sense);  the  senses  themselves;  Uiis 
conception,  however,  has  been  greatly  al- 
tered and  varied  by  the  fanciful  theories 
of  medical  and  philosophical  authors,  cf. 
Bvm.  I,  500.  Was.  (240).  —  skye-ynds 
1.  birthplace;  station  or  loi»lity  of  a  plant. 


^2f  «%^6o 


29 


2.  dan  or  region  of  birth  or  re-birth,  class 
•f  beings  (▼.  ^grd^a);  byol  s6n-gi  skye-ba 
the  beiDg  bom  as  an  animal.  3.  manner 
of  birth  ^sililTK)  sky^-ba  biiy  also  ^g4f0>l- 
the  foar  kinds  or  ways  of  being  bom: 
mndl^as  (or  nas)  out  of  a  womb  (so,  ace. 
to  Stg.,  elephants  and  some  men  are  bom), 
sg(hnd4a8  out  of  an  egg  (birds,  some  klu, 
some  men),  d^od-yhir^-loa  out  of  heat  and 
homidity  (insects,  some  men  etc.),  rdzus- 
fo  in  a  supemataral  way  (so  the  Uuiy  the 
fiaddhas,  when  they  spring  from  lotus- 
flowers;  also  the  inhabitants  of  infernal 
regions,  souls  in  the  bardo  and  some  men). 
—  skye-yz^tffs  prob.  ==  byad-yzugs  stature, 
figure.  —  skye^dbs  series  of  the  births  of 
a  man,  history  of  them,  and  esp.  so  of 
the  births  of  Buddha,  —  so  in  the  title 
of  a  work.  —  skye-hm  ^  ikyed-Un  Wdn. 
^2f  deyi-ho  1.  being,  (animans)  mi'la-sogs^ 
^  pa  sKyS-bo  man  and  the  other  living 
beiDgs  Dd,  —  2.  human  being,  man,  gen. 
as  a  collective  noun:  mankind,  Jlrul-bdas 
dcyi-bo  infatuated  men  Pih.;  ikyi-bo  mKd»^ 
fayMnHmamz  other  sensible  people  Tar.; 
dyi-bo  mdn-poi  yid-^u  J>h-ba  universally 
beloved  horn.;  mi  nag  sky^-bo  laymen  (on 
account  of  the  dimness  of  their  religious 
knowledge);  so-sdi  skyi^bo  Ufnein  (cf. 
Will,)  the  lower  clergy,  common  monks 
Tor.,  but  also  simple  laymen,  if  they  are 
not  quite  without  religious  knowledge; 
Jeye-bo'cog^  (skyeo-dog  Cs.  is  a  less  accu- 
rate pronunciation),  dcy^-dguy  or  (less  cor- 
'^^^y)  ^ff^y  wen,  mankind;  skye-dgui-bddg- 
''"^  H^IMiiY  ^^^'  P^-  ^*9  ^6  A*^^  <uid  first 
governess  of  Buddha  Glr.y  OyatcLy  also 
a  name  of  dpal-lhd-^mo's  q.v. 

a*(5'  skye-tsi  =  ske-M  Lex.^  mustard. 

I'^FTpr  sky^dgs  W,  for  skorrags  girdle. 
^  ikyeg  Cs.:  —  kig^  kag  misfortune.  But 


V 


rtm-kyi  sky  eg  Lex.  w.e.? 
^mr  ^!/^9  1.  n.  of  a  bird:  hi-sky.  Lex. 
^  '  w.e.,  Sch.:  coot,  water-hen;  W- 
«iv^  I/£^.  w.e.,  Ck.i  a  large  singing-bird. 


Sch.;  greuse,  heath-cock.  —  2.  rgya-skyigs 

shell-lac. 

^T'n*  ^kyen'ia9iLA9kyens^a\xi  be  ashamed, 

^         also  Uo/^kyen-iay  B;  and  col.  frq. 

^r»«Jx'xr'«%^-8^''-^'w^  also  skye- or  sky  a- 
^  ^  8er4un  MU.,  cold  wind. 
^c*  skyed  and  skye,  1.  growth,  increase, 
^  '  skyed  ce-bar  ^gyur-ba  to  grow  much; 
yian-gyi  zla- skyed -pas  dei  iag- skyed  <fe 
his  daily  growth  wad  greater  than  the 
growth  of  others  in  a  month  etc.  Pth.  — 
2.  progress,  the  getting  on,  improvement  skyed 
yon  progress  comes,  I  am  making  pro- 
gress MU.;  profit,  gain  nad-la  skyed  med 
(this)  is  of  no  use  for  that  disease,  of  no 
benefit  S.g.fol.  10.  —  3.  interest  6*.,  dntU- 
skyed  of  money,  Jbru-skyed  of  com  C, 
skyed-du  ytoh-ba  to  give  on  interest  Cs.; 
skyed  pog  pa  Cs.:  'to  be  the  full  term  of 
payment',  more  accurately:  skyed  pog  I 
(you,  he  etc.)  am  struck  or  hit  by  the 
term  of  payment;  skyednian  yielding  inter- 
est, profit  Cs. 

^C'^  skyedrsgo  MU.nt.  prob.  «=  rgyaUsgo 
^  ^  On  principal  door. 

^ff'a"  «%^-p^  '•  vb  pf.  bskyedy  act.  to 
^  '  skye-btty  in  W.  pronounced  alike: 
*skye-de*  1.  to  generate,  procreate;  seldom 
in  a  physical  sense:  bskyed-pai  yah  o  ysv- 
vfjoag  najijg  Pth.y  (opp.  to  bltams-pai  yum 
Pth.y  for  which  however  skyed-^ma  Cs.  does 
not  seem  to  be  an  appropriate  substitute). 
—  2.  to  produce,  form,  cause  (opp.  to  med- 
par  byed-pa  to  destroy,  annihilate)  e.  g. 
diseases,  fear,  roots  of  virtue,  merit,  bsod- 
namS'kyt  fsogSy  sa-bon  (fig.)  Dzl.y  Jbras-bu 
retribution;  to  reproduce,  zadrpa  what  has 
been  consumed  Med.;  to  create  certain 
thoughts  or  afi^ections  either  in  one's  self 
or  in  others :  sprd-ba  bslq/ed-pas  dei  par 
md  yan  sprd-ba  cun-zad  sky^s-nas  by  his 
own  rejoicing  also  to  his  parents  a  little 
joy  arising/)^/.  22.  5;  fams-dad-kyisbrison^ 
cgrus  bskyed'do  they  all  created  zeal,  took 
great  pains  Dzl;  ces  bham-pa  bskyidrnaz 
thus  they  thought.  —  3.  to  cause  to  ger- 
minate or  grow,  yiir^bai  M-yis  Hn  skyed 


30 


^(^j'CJ*  skyhirpa 


^dra  just  as  the  water  of  the  ditch  makes 
the  fields  green  Med.;  sd-bon  DzL  (v.  be- 
fore, but  it  may  as  well  be  referred  to  this 
significatioD);  ysos  skyMpa  to  bring  up, 
to  nurse  up  Dd,;  ^skyed  srin-ba  id.  Glr,  — 
4.  =  skyd'ba,  to  bring  on,  carry,  convey  to 
a  place  Pth. 

Comp.  skyed-mos-fsdl  grove,  park.  — 
skyed-rdzdgSy  instead  of  skyed-rim  and 
rdzogs-rim,  ^STCfUnR  »nd  ^FRHnr^  two 
kinds  or  degrees  of  meditation.  —  skyed- 
kin  Cs.:  2^  planted  tree  (?)  prob.  a  fruit- 
tree,  DzL 

II  sbst.  1.  the  generating,  producing  etc. 
—  2.  =  skyedy  e  g.  skydd^a  Un-pa  to  gain 
flesli,  to  tlirive  C.  —  3.  =  rUdrpa. 
^q*  skyin-pa  adj.  1.  quick,  swift  Lea;,, 
^  ^  Urd'  or  sddn-skyen-pa  quick  to  wrath 
5^.;  byidrskyen-pa  rash,  hasty,  precipitate 
Glr.  —  2.  nimble,  dexterous  C.W.;  .p&k- 
ikyen-pa  dexterous  in  shooting,  a  skilful 
archer  Dzl.  (Besides :  vb.  to  make  haste, 
to  strive;  sbst.  zeal,  ardour;  adj.  strong  C«., 
&ch.  ??) 

g^'CJ'  ikyhn-pa  resp.  to  be  thirsty. 

^^-  s^y^'"^  resp.  1.  thirst^—  2.  drink, 
^  beverage,  esp.  beer,  also  ial-skyhm 
or  skyoms,  skyems  ^drM-^a  to  offer  or  set 
before  an  honoured  perso^j  something  to 
drink,  bzes-pa  to  accept  of  it,  to  take  it; 
skyems-  la  ysoUris  byed-pa  to  drink  beer  in 
company  Glr,;  ysegs-skyims  a  carousal  on 
the  departure  of  an  honoured  person;  yser^ 
skyems  beer  together  with  grains  of  corn, 
as  an  offering  to  the  gods  for  the  good 
success  of  an  enterprise,  a  journey  etc., 
in  religious  dancing-festivals,  yser-skyims' 
pa  sbst.  the  priest  or  dancer  who  offers 
it.  —  skyems  -  Mn  beer.  —  skyems  -  cu 
drinkable  water.  —  ^skyhns-dan*  W.  (?) 
brandy.  —  skyems- fsvgs  Sch.:  cup,  dish. — 
skyemssih  small-beer. 

^^'CJ'  ^^^"V^  Lea;,:  f^ftjfi  curcuma,  tur- 
^        meric;  in  W,  barberry. 

S^^W^T  ^^K^  ^^^  ske-dmdn  woman  C.  (v. 
^y"^  skye-ba  II). 


g^AI*  skyi^-pa 

Sof fl'  skyU-bay  pf.A  ft.  bskyely  imp.  skyol  1. 
^  to  conduct,  accompany,  resp.  ydan- 
skyil^a;  skydUla  hog  conduct  him  hither! 
Pth.;  ^skyel-la-la^  (for  ^skyilrwa-ld^)  son 
he  has  gone  to  accompany  (him)  W.  — 
bsu'bskydl  ^oing  to  meet,  and  accompany- 
ing on  departing  Dzl.y  yhegs-skyel  byid^a 
resp.  to  accompany  an  honoured  person 
on  departing,  to  see  him  off  Mil.  —  2.  to 
convey,  bring,  take  e.  g.  a  child  to  a  place, 
food  to  somebody,  Dzly  C\  W.  id.;  to  carry 
off,  to  take  away  C:  *8in  ma  kyal  dig*  do 
not  bring  any  more  wood!  more  accurately 
*kyal  hog*  bring!  *kyal  soil*  take  away!  — 
3.  to  send  B.  ^  C.  e.g.  clothes'  to  some- 
body Dzl.  —  4,  to  risk,  to  stake,  raH-srog 
Mil.  —  5.  C\:  to  use,  to  employ  *bd4an  U 
jh£'pa4a*  an  ox  for  work;  to  spend,  *k 
^M-paAa  mi-tse*  one's  whole  life  in  work- 
ing, *U-lg  ndn-na*  in  idleness.  — 6.  *Ka  ky^U 
wa*  C.  to  kiss;  yndd-pa  skyd-^fa,  B.  *kyal- 
wa*  C.  W.  coL,  to  do  harm,  to  hurl,  inflict 
an  injury,  to  play  one  a  trick;  mna  skyel-ia 
B.^C.W.y  to  swear,  take  an  oath;  *lo  kyiU 
be""  W.  to  rely,  depend  upon,  confide  in.— 
skyeUfun  byid-pa  =  yhegs-sky4l  byid-pa, 
(prop.:  to  accompany  one  to  a  short  dis- 
tance). —  skyeUbddr  Lex.,  also  col.,  pre- 
sent of  the  departing  person  to  those  that 
accompany  him.  —  skyel-ma  an  escort, 
convoy;  skySl-m^r  yod  he  is  a  guide  (to 
me)  Mil.;  skyd-ma  iu  we  ask  for  a  safe- 
conduct  Glr.;  dmag  dan  bhds-pai  skyil-Tna 
a  military  escort  Glr. 
^«r  skyeSy  also  skyds-m^y  skyds-mUy  Vyds- 
^  ma,  resp. /wa»-s^^,  a  present,  skyes 
skur-ba  to  give  or  send  a  present;  Jbyon- 
skyhy  pebs-skyes  a  present  given  to  or  re- 
ceived from  somebody  on  his  arrival.  — 
sUyaS'-Mh  a  present  of  beer,  skyes-Kur  of 
cakes,  skyes-^ndr  of  merchandise  or  money; 
skyes4dn  a  present  made  in  return  Cs. 

^^^'  skyes-sdM  Sik.  banana,  plantain. 

^^^f^  skyes-ndgy  also  skye-ndg  C.  widower. 

^^q»  skyes'pa  1.  pt.  p£  of  skyi-ba.  — 
^       2.  sbst.  roan,  male  person,  skyd»-pa 


I^g"  skyis-bu 


^•^*  skydd-pa 


31 


dan  budrm^dj  men  and  women  B,  Sr  C.\ 
emphatically:  rgydUpo  ybig-po  skyh-pa  yin 
the  king  alone  is  a  man  DzL;  husband 
Gkr,  B  sb/es'bu  a  holy  man? 
htrn'  sky^-bu,  Ssk.  v[^^  man,  people; 
^  ^  skyes-Jmgan  whosoever;  roan  opp.  to 
the  rest  oi  nature  Med.;  one  (French:  on), 
ikj/h'bu  lag- pa  brkydn-ba  tsdm-gyis  as 
quick  as  one  stretches  out  his  hand  Dzl 

—  Though  this  word  may  also  be  applied 
to  culprits  and  criminals  (Pth,\  it  is  chiefly 
used  of  holy  men:  sky^-bu  ddm-pa  the 
saint;  dad-lddn  sky.  the  believing,  the 
faithful  Glr,;  skyh-bu  cen-po,  MH\U\H  the 
great  saint,  in  Buddhistic  writings  nearly 
identical  with  Buddha;  skyh-bu  mcog  id. 
(For  the  32  chief  characteristics  and  the 
80  subordinate  marks  distinguishing  such 
a  person  refer  to  Koppen.  I.  433.  Bum, 
IL  553  £F.  Gyatch.  c.  VII.) 

^^rw*  sky^s-ma  1.  fem.  of  skyh-pa^  she 
^  that  has  been  bom  Mih  —  2.  fern, 
=  skyds-ma  Sik, 

^?^xr  skyo-ridgs  Cs.:  quarrel,  Lex,  = 
^      '^   Jcrug-m, 

aW  skydba  1.  vb.  to  be  weary,  ccir:  bdag 
^  Hyim-gyis  skyd^te  I  being  weary  of 
living  in  the  world  DzL;  in  a  more  ge- 
neral sense:  to  be  ill-humoured,  grieved, 
vexed,  to  feel  an  aversion  Tar.  12.  13;  skyo 
m  Ih-par  or  skyo  mi  h^-pa  tsdm-du  with- 
out being  tired,  indefatigably;  namsMyo^a 
when  he  was  tired  of  it  Dzl.  —  2.  sbst. 
weariness  JsoUj^sdl-nax  skyd-ba  yan  skyS- 
bar  dug  we  are  quite  tired  of  that  con- 
stant seeking  Mil,;  yid  ydm^su  mi  sky 6- 
ha  indefatigableness,  perseverance  Thgy.  — 
dofd-mo  adj.,  *sems  skyd^mo  rag^  I  feel 
iicontented^  disheartened  Ld, 

Comp.  skyo-grdgs  comforter,  companion 
Qk.y  Mil.  —  skyo-glti  Cs. :  a  mournful  song. 

—  skyo^dly  skyo-dRib  weariness,  skyo-nal- 
medrpai  ddd-pa  unwearied  faith  Mil.  — 
dsyo'^ds  disgust,  aversion.  —  skyo-sdm  re- 
creation, skyo^dns-la  ^grd-ba,  resp.  Jbyon- 
fa  to  take  a  walk  or  a  ride,  to  prome- 
nade. —  skyo-bsun-pa  to  be  grieved  Sch, 


r- 


IfST  ^^^-^A  !•  P&P  of  parched  meal  and 
^  beer;  any  pap,  paste  or  dough;  skyd- 
ma  J^yug-pa  to  spread  paste  (upon  a 
wound,  as  a  salve)  Med.;  la-skyd  Med.  f 
(it  may  denote  a  paste  of  meat  as  well  as 
one  of  mushrooms).  —  2.  blame,  Slander, 
skyd-ma  Tnan-la  when  he  slanders  a  great 
deal  Mil. 
qpf  ^kyogs  1.  SCOOp,  ladle.  —  "m^-kydg* 
^  coal-shovel  C;  *hjirky6g*  melting- 
spoon,  crucible  (7.  .PT.  —  3.  drinking-cup, 
bowl,  goblet  —  yser-skydgs,  dnul-skydgs 
gold,  silver  goblet.  iaUskydgs  C.  B.,  *dxm- 
skydgs^  W.  resp.:  drinking-cup.  Krag-skydgs 
bowl  for  drinking  blood,  a  skull  used  for 
that  purpose  Pik.;  *kyog-kdb  saP  may  I 
ask  your  honour  for  the  foot  of  your  cup 
(viz  the  remnant  of  your  drink)?  W.  — 
3.  srab'skydgs  Cs.:  the  rein  of  a  bridle.  — 
^ywi^qg"  ^kydg^lixhjni  snail  W.  *'ol- 

Kmrq*  skySgs-pa  to  turn,  mgririrpa  the 
^   '  neck,  =  to  look   round,    back, 

Mil.y  also  =  to  turn  away,  aside  C. 
SC'fl'  skyon-boy   pf.    bskyanSy   ft.    bskyarty 
^  imp.    (b)skyon(s)    Ssk.    T[\y  j^  to 

guard ;  to  Iceep,  to  tend,  cattle;  to  defend,  the 
religion;  to  savo,  preserve,  the  life,  the 
body;  support,  to  talco  care  of,  poor  people, 
e.g.  drin  bzdn-pos  by  benefits,  favours,  fdbs- 
kyis  by  various  means;  to  attend  to;  tO  be 
given  to,ftfjrs-d«wmeditation,/agr-Z^^exercise; 
rgyal'srid  shyon-ba  to  rule,  govern  a  king- 
dom, ?os  b^in-du  in  conformity  vrith  the 
law  of  religion,  justly.  —  ^os-stydn  'pro- 
tector, defender  of  religion',  ^iRlimr?  ^^  ^^^^ 
for  a  certain  individual  deity,  or  =  cjig- 
Tten-sky&ny  or  for  a  class  of  magicians  in 
the  monasteries  of  C,  v.  Schl.  157.  Ko.  IL 
259.  —  r^ig-^^n-sky&tiy  ift^Bumw  'guardian 
of  the  world';  there  are  four  of  them,  iden- 
tical with  rgyal'^en  bii  the  four  great 
spirit-kings,  q.v.  —  shyon-ddl  assistance 
C.y  *kyon'dhdl  jM-pa*  to  help.  —  skyon-- 
wa  =  brtdnma  the  goddess  of  the  earth. 
^•jTi  skydd-pa  pf.  &  ft  bskyody  Ssk.  ^m, 
^^     1.  to  move,  to  agitate,  rHk-gis  ydl-ga 


32 


«i  Q?, 


^-' 


f-^ 


■i^r 


Jr.. 


^  ^%0W 


ukyodrfia  when  the  wind  agitates  the  bran- 
ches DzL;  to  shake;  hence  Mi'skyddrpa,  Ak- 
shobhya,  n.  of  the  second  Dhyani-Baddha. 
—  2.  W.:  resp.  to  go,  to  walk,  (^yUg^-pa, 
Jbydn-pa  B.  C.)  *ndn'du  dyod!'  step  in,  if 
you  please!  —  3.  W.:  to  go  >down>  to  set, 
of  the  sun,  moon  etc.,  to  expire,  to  pass, 
to  elapse,  of  time.  ..Tor^f.ovv,  ^Vf.v-  r.  t^ 


^j-  skyon  t^  1.  fault,  defodH^opp.  to 
^  S  1  ydn-tav^y  skyon  gah  yan  med  I  have 
not  to  complain  of  anything,  I  do  not  want 
anything  DzL;  damage,  harm,  disadvan- 
tage, misfortune,  Jirul-pa-la  skyon  ci  yod 
what  harm  is  there  in  erring?  Thgy.;  C: 
^mi  kyon,  kygn  m^'*,  no  harm,  no  matter 
(W.  more  freq.:  ^mistd*);  yidn-gyi  skyon 
tds-na  dgd-ba  rejoicing  in  the  calamities 
of  others,  malicious  Glr.;  sky&n-du  mfdn- 
bd  to  consider  it  a  loss  Glr.  —  2.  bodily 
defect,  fault,  as  lameness;  derangement,  dis- 
order in  the  mixture  of  the  humours  Med, 
—  3.  spiritual  defect,  sin,  vicious  quality, 
rdzun-du  smrd-^ai  skyon  the  sin  of  lying 
DzL;  skydn-gyis  ma  gos  not  defiled  by  sin ; 
lar  skyon  ^e  but  that  is  very  bad  (of  you) 
Glr,;  skyon  byid-pa  Cs,  to  commit  a  fault, 
sH'ba  Lex,  to  remove,  amend,  correct  a 
fault,  spdn-ba  to  leave  oflF,  to  quit  it;  mi- 
la  skyon  Jbebs-pa^  cdogs-pa  (col.  *tdg-pay 
tdg-ce*)  to  charge  one  with  a  crime,  to 
calumniate(T/r.;;'i:an-^*  skyon  gUn-  ba,  rydd- 
pa^  to  name  the  faults  of  others,  to  speak 
ill  of  them,  to  slander  B.,  C,  Schr,  also:  to 
blame,  criticise.  —  skydn-ian  1 .  faulty,  de- 
fective, incorrect,  e.g.  dag-yig  the  spelling, 
of  a  word.  2.  sinful,  subject  to  vice.  — 
4.  sjrmb.  num:  18. 

skydn-pa  pf.  (b)skyon  to  put  astride 
upon  a  thing,  (causative  form  to 
idn-pa)y  mi  hig  rtd-la  (or  rtd-ru)  to  cause 
a  man  to  mount,  to  go  on  horseback:  to 
fix  something  on  a  stick;  mi  ^ig  pdl-sin- 
la  to  empale  a  man. 

'^TH'^^^^^f  pf.  (J))skyabSy  ft.  bskyab, 
^  imp.  skydb(s)  Ssk.  ^  to  protect,  defend, 
preserve,  save  frq.,  rjigs-pa^las  from  fear, 
c^ig-pa-las  from  destruction;  bsiydb-pa  the 


ffci- 


gSTj-q-  skrdg-pa 

protecting  power,  the  preserving  cause 
MU,  (ni  f.;. 

1^  skyobs  help,  assistance,  seldom  for 
skyahs;  skydbs-^ma  Thgy,  id.;  ^hrog- 
kydb*  col.  preservation  of  life,  escape;  also: 
he  that  saves  another's  life,  helper. 

'ZT  ^'y^^^'i-p^,  pf-  bskyomsy  ft.  bskyom, 
imp.  skyom(s)  Cs. :  to  shake,  agitate, 
stir  up.  Lexx.  give:  hi  skydm^a  and  sndd 
skyomrpa,  to  stir  the  water,  to  shake  a 
vessel. 

^x'  skyor  =  %or,  the  hollow  of  the  hand 
^  filled  with  a  fluid,  e.g.  hirskydr  a 
handful  of  water. 

§^0"  dcydr-ba  I.  vb.  pf.  &  ft.  bskyar  1.  tO 
hold  up,  to  prop,  —  2.  to  paste.— 
2.  to  repeat,  bskydr-te  btan  it  was  repeat- 
edly sent  DzL;  to  repeat  word. for  word 
what  the  teacher  says,  in  order  to  learn 
it  by  heart  Mil,;  to  say  over  again;  to 
recite  by  heart  (opp.  to  sgi^dg-pa  to  read); 
glu  de  ryes  skydr-nas  ma  bldns-na  if  one 
does  not  sing  the  hymn  afterwards  repea- 
tedly MiL;  *kyor  jan  jM-pa*  C.  to  prac- 
tise repeatedly. 

II.  sbst.  enclosure,  fence. 

'^  skydl'ba  sometimes  for  skyel-ba. 

'$!'  skyds-ma  v.  skyes, 

«M-  skray  resp,  dbu-skrd  (C:  Hay  W,:  sra*) 
^  the  hair  of  the  head,  *hrwWLd,  id.,  used 
caressingly  in  speaking  to  children  and 
women;  skra  dan  Ud-spu  the  hair  of  the 
head  and  of  the  beard ;  s^a  bsgril  ba  Cs, : 
plaited  or  curled  hair;  skra  nyag  ycig  a 
single  hair.  —  skrd-ban  having  long  hair. 
—  skrordo'ker  the  hair  plaited  together 
on  the  crown  of  the  head,  as  Buddha  and 
Hindu*women  wear  it.  —  skrormdud  the 
bow  of  ribands  at  the  end  of  the  long 
plaits  of  the  women  in  Ld.  etc.  —  skra- 
fsdb  Cs. :  false  hair,  a  peruke.  —  skra-sm 
Sch,  thin  hair.  '  ^  li  vt.    .--^   «^. 

Mw-^  skrdg-pay  with  instr.,  to  be  terrified, 
^  '  frightened  by,  afraid  of  something 
'skrag-pay  dndns-skr,  id.  B,y  C, 


^  ^. , 


^Z.'^' skran-ba 

jjrw  skrdn-ba  pf.  skranSy  lo  swell,  •^rans- 
^^  son*  it  is  swoUen,  a  tumour,  a  bile, 
a  weal  has  formed  itself  W,;  skrdns-po 
Sch.  a  swelling,  tumour;  skram-obur  Sch, 
an  abscess  not  yet  open, 
w^  skt'an  1.  Ssk,  ij^  Cs.;  a  fleshy  etc. 
^  ^  excrescence  in  the  abdomen,  a  con- 
cretion imder  the  skin,  in  the  bowels, 
womb  etc.,  Sch.  also:  a  swelling  of  the 
glands.  Wise  (Commentary  on  Hindoo 
Medicine)  says,  that  very  different  diseases 
are  comprised  unter  the  term  gulma,  tu- 
mours of  the  pylorus,  partial  enlargements 
of  the  liver,  diseases  of  the  large  intestines, 
fixed  and  moveable  swellings;  ->  perhaps 
also  bemiae,  which  I  did  not  find' men- 
tioned elsewhere.  —  In  S.  g.  I  found  skran- 
nod  described  as  a  consequence  of  great 
fatigue  and  want  of  breath,  and  sh^an-yzir 
as  pain  in  consequence  of  suppressed 
winds.  —  2.  rdo-shrdn,  bad-skrdn,  two 
sorts  of  steatite  C, 

94n'!:v  skrdb-pa  Cs,:  to  beat  the  ground 
^      with  one's  feet,'  to  stamp,  tread,  cf. 
Jh*db'pa;  Lex.:  brd-skrab-pay  to  dance. 
S^prr  skrds'ka  v.  skds-Jca. 

&.q-  skri-ba  1.   Cs.  to  COnduct  (?)  2.   W. 

M£^>  skru-^a  pf.  bskrus  ft,  bskrUy  Sch.:  to 
>3  wait;  the  latter  would  suit  well  in 
a  passage  of  Mil.y  perh.  also  in  zds-la  skru 
of  the  Lexa.;  but  ^n-skrus-pa  Lexx.  re- 
mains unexplained. 


33 


BAgrzy  ^Jcrun-pa  pf.  &  ft.  bskrun  to  produce, 
^  '  fruits  Mil.,  a  root  of  virtue  (v. 
rtsd-ba)  Stg. 

gm-  skrum  meat,  resp.  viz.  when  spoken 
■^  of  as  the  food  of  respected  persons, 
^n-q-  skrdg-pa  =  dhrdg-pa^  perL  also  f. 
^  '  skrdg-pa.  Lexx.  dd-ru  skrdg-po  lo 
beat  the  drum:  W.  *kop6h  hr6g-ce"  to  play 
on  the  guitar. 

^r-^-  skrddrpa  pf.  &  ft.  bskrad  to  expel, 
'  '  drive  out,  eject,  out  of  the  country 
Dzl.y  Mil.;  to  deprive  of  cast;  *krdd-de 
tan  be*  to  expel  a  thief  publicly  out  of 
the  village  W. 

n^""    njj'")  words  beginning  with  these 
'     '      ^     letters  will  in  most  cases  be 
found  arranged  under  rk  • .  and  sk . . 

nwn'  bskd'bay   Ssk.  1KWPS(^  astringent^  as 

^       to  taste,  Cs.  erron.:  bitter. 
qfyof q-  bskdl-pa,  Ssk.  ^1^,  a  kalpa,  a 
^  fabulous  period  of  time;  the  fan- 

tastical reveries  of  the  Buddhists  concer- 
ning this  subject  v.  Kd.  1.  266,  also  Will. 
under  kalpa.  bskdl-pa  ^in-po  the  great 
kalpa;  bdr'(gyi)  bskal-pa  the  intervening 
or  middle  *kalpa';  bsk.  bzdn-po  the  happy, 
blessed  period,  viz.  in  which  Buddhas  ap- 
pear; bskdl-pa  ndn-pa  the  bad  'kalpa'; 
bskaUrrU  conflagration  of  the  universe. 

^H'^'  bsku'ba  v.  skud-pa  II  vb. 


bskan-rdzds  a  sacrificial  ceremony 
V.  Schi.  360. 


F 


mHa  1.  the  letter  k',  aspirated,  like  c  in 
^ccUr.  —  2.  numerical  figure:  two,  Afa- 
pa  the  second  volume. 
m^  Mai.  additional  syUable,  =  ka,  but  less 
'     frequent  — 


II.  in  compounds  instead  of  Md-ba 
bitter  and  Kd-ba  snow;  for  the  latter  sig- 
nification it  is  in  W.  the  only  form  existing. 

III.  i.  o.  Hag  part,  Ha  ynyissu  into 
two  parts  (e.  g.  to  cleave)  Stg. ;  ^ISa-ghdn* 

3 


34 


r 


Ka 


P 


one  part;  in  a  special  sense:  the  sixth 
part  of  a  rapee  C;  Ua-cig  part,  some,  se- 
veral, frq. 

IV.  (also  S%k.  ij)  resp.  ial,  cf.  Ud-po 
1.  mouth,  Ua  Ka  bitter  mouth,  bitter  taste 
Med.;  Ua  dul-po  (soft  month),  manage- 
able, tractable,  Ua  gydn-po  hard-mouthed, 
refractory;  Ka  sffyur^a  (=  Ka-lo  sgy,)  to 
govern,  to  rein  the  mouth  (of  a  horse), 
to  lead,  guide,  influeoce  other  persons  Glr.^ 
to  turn  oflf  (a  river)  Tar,;  Ua  Jhi-pa  (U> 
pull  the  mouth)  to  stop  a  beast  of  draught 
Tar.;  Ua  Jryedrfa^  TF,  */5^^^*  ^  <^P^^  ouq^s 
mouth,  yddns-fa  to  open  it  wide,  jizum- 
pa^  W.y  *  bug-be^  to  shut  it;  Ua  brddh-pa 
(or  krdb-pa?)  to  smack;  *Ua  dab*  (or  *fab*) 
*zir-wa*  to  produce  a  smacking,  snapping 
sound,  col. ;  Ua  rig-pa  c.  dat.  to  put  one's 
mouth  to  a  thing,  in  order  to  eat  or  drink 
it;  Ua  ^iiq-pa  c.  dat.  to  interfere,  to  meddle 
with;  Ua  tdl-ba  1.  col.  ,=  Ua  ^ug-pa^  2. 
C«.;  to  promise;  Ua  ytugs-pay  Ua  ^o  ytugs- 
pa^  Ud'la  ^0  hyidrpa^  Ua  shydr-ba  B.y  C, 
*Ua  Ufn-W  W.y  *Ua  hfd-^a*  C.  to  kiss; 
*Ua  kyi'ce^  W.y  to  inveigh,  to  give  ill  lan- 
guage; Ua  bsri-ba  to  have  intercourse,  social 
connexion  with  one  another,  viz.  in  eat- 
ing, drinkiug  and  smoking  together, 
which  is  a  matter  of  no  little  social  con- 
sequence; Ua^dzin  iy^d-pa  c.genit.  to  receive 
friendly,  to  be  kind  to,  assist  Mil. ;  Ua  ^tad- 
pa  Glr.  16.  3.  was  explained:  to  bring 
together  personally,  to  confront,  =  Ua 
sprdd'pa;  Ua  Jyub-ta  nyal-ba  to  lie  in  that 
position;  Ua  bsldn-ba  the  contrary  of  the 
preceding;  Ua  ^dg-ta  bltds-te  hi-ba  to  be 
kiUed  by  a  precipitous  fall.  Especially: 
the  speaking  mouth,  Ud-naSy  col.  also  *Afd- 
na*y  orally,  by  word  of  mouth,  e.  g.  to 
state,  report,  ^Ud-ne  z^-na*  in  the  collo- 
quial language  C;  *Ua  di-mo  nyin  sdg-po* 
W.  hypocritical;  Ud-la  sld-te  ddn-la  bka 
easily  spoken  after,  but  difficult  to  be 
understood  (e.  g.  a  doctrine);  *Ua  i&r  son* 
'my  (his  etc.)  mouth  has  run  away',  *nor 
son*  'has  erred',  the  former  denoting  in- 
considerate talk,  the  latter  a  lapsus  lin- 
guae; Ua>s  Un-pay  bldn-ba  1.  'to  anticipate 


pTJPa 

with  the  mouth',  to  promise  frq.,  with  di- 
rect speech  or  term,  inf.,  sometimes  also 
with  the  term,  of  a  sbst.  e.  g.  brdn-du 
Uas  blans  he  promised  or  engaged  himself 
as  a  servant,  —  also :  to  presume,  to  arrogate 
MU.  2.  'to  accept,  adopt  with  the  mouth*, 
to  acknowledge,  admit  Tar.;  Uas  Ji-ba  B.^ 
Ua  fdl'ba  Cs.y  to  promise;  Ua  snd-bay  snds" 
pa  to  blurt  out,  speak  Out  inconsiderately; 
Ua  Jldrn-pay  mfun-pay  col.  ^iing-pc^  to  agree 
upon;  Ua  sddm-pay  mndn-pa  to  silence, 
W.;  *Ua  kdg-dey  kyil-ce*  id.;  Ua  skydr-ba, 
slu-ba  to  speak  cunningly,  to  try  to  per- 
suade etc.;  Ua  rdg-pay  more  freq.  *Ua  rdg^ 
(te)  dug-pay  dddrpay  to  be  Silent;  Uaopdn- 
ba  Tar.y  prob.  —  Ua  ^yam  dbyug^pa  C, 
to  divulge  ill  rumours;  Ua  Idg-pa  to  reply, 
contradict;  Ua  gdn  dgar  smrd-ba  (*gan  tad, 
gan  dran  zh-be*  W.)  to  talk  at  random; 
Afa-  (la)  nydn-pa  to  obey,  Ua  nydn-po 
obedient  (resp.  bka  i.o.  Ua);  ysdl-Ua  clear, 
intelligible  language;  Ua  ndn-du  smrd-bdy 
W.:  *Ua  sdg-po  z^'de*\o  use  ill  language; 
also  without  *ndn-pa*  or  *sdg-pOy  Ua  zir^ 
he*  or  *Ua  tdn-wa*  means  the  same.  —  2. 
mouth,  opening,  orifice,  of  a  vessel,  cav^n, 
pit  etc.,  Uayddd-pay  cffibs-pa  to  cover,  shut 
an  opening;  Ua  Jbyid-pa  to  open,  is  also 
used  of  a  book,  a  letter  etc.  (for  holy 
books  hal  is  employed  i.o.  Ua);  Ua  Jbye-ba 
to  open  or  unclose  itself,  to  begin  to  ap- 
pear, Ua  Jyu'ba  id.,  of  flowers;  Ua  bub-iu 
the  opening  turned  downward,  Ua  bsldn- 
du  turned  upward;  Uorfug  skdn-ba  to  fill 
to  the  brim;  Ua  skdn-ba  to  fiJl  up  a  void, 
to  make  up  a  deficiency,  yianr-nas  or  Uts 
from  elsewhere;  Ua  nan  the  inward  brim, 
Ua  'pyi  the  outer  edge  Gtlr.  —  3.  the  front 
side,  face,  Ua  Ihor  st6iv-pa  or  Itd-ba  to  be 
directed  southwards  Glr.  —  4.  surface,  Ua 
Jyri'bay  to  be  diminished,  of  a  fluid  the 
surface  of  which  is  sinking;  Ud  ^pri-ba  to 
diminish,  to  make  less,  by  taking  away  from 
the  surface;  the  outside,  Ua  dkar  yUn  nag 
outside  white,  inside  black,  fig.  MU.;  in  a 
special  sense:  colour,  v.  Ud-ddg;  therefore 
Ud-rUy  Ud-na,  Ud-la,  Uar  1.  on,  upon,  abOve, 
sm-Uar  upon  the  tree  (e.  g.  he  sits),  up 


lyirv\A — 


85 


r^.:^^^-^^ ^j^ 


pr  «a 


the  tree  (be  climbs)  Dzl,;  hit  Kar  on  tbe 
water;  pyog^  bzi  Kd^ru  all  round  Glr.  2. 
on,  at,  (fu  Afar  OD  the  river  side,  m^  Kar 
pebs  he  came  to  the  lake  Pth,  3.  above, 
besides,  =  stM-du  Mil.  4.  towards,  in  the 
iace  of,  mtison  Mar  sra  proof  against  thrust 
or  blow  Mil.  5.  at  tlio  time  of,  when,  sl^ 
pai  Sary  sUb  Kar,  Jbyon  Kar  when  (he)  ar- 
rived; rS-bai  Kar  in  the  hope  of;  —  Afd- 
nas  down  from,  away  from,  rta  Kd-nas 
Jkibs^  to  alight  from  the  horse  Glr.; 
•i^d-wa,  Kd-ne,  Kd-la*  col.  for  sgd-nas,  *iMs- 
d  Kd'-na*  by  way  of  the  opportunity,  on 
otcasioD,  *yun  rinrgi  Kd-n^*  by  little  and 
little,  gradually.  —  5.  sharpness,  edge,  of 
a  knife  etc.,  *Ka  tug-po  son*  the  edge  has 
become  blunt,  *log  son*  has  become  bad; 
*Ea  wd  ^dug*  the  edge  is  wantiog;  meiy 
hii,  rlun-gi  Ka  ndn-pa  to  suppress  the 
sharpness  of  the  fire,  water,  wind,  to  stop 
tbe  flames,  floods  etc.  (viz.  by  means  of 
incantations)  Glr.;  *Ka  tdn-be,  pin-c^  W. 
to  grind,  to  sharpen ;  Ka  Un-pa  to  become 
sbarp  Sch. 

V.  yesterday,  also:  the  day  before 
yesterday,  Kai  nyin  id.,  cf.  Ka-rtsan. 

Compounds.  Ka-dkriCC.  *'ti*y  W.  *'h^) 
neck-cloth,  sometimes  worn  as  a  protection 
against  cold.  —  Kd-skduy  Kasskdn  appen- 
ds, of  a  book.  —  Kordcyur-po  olhro,  olive- 
tree  Sik.  —  Ka-Ka^sdn  or  sin  about  two 
mcmths  ago  C.  —  Ka-Kibs  cover,  lid  Sch, 
—  Ka-K&Ty  Ka-Kyir  border  Sch.  —  KorKral 
(k:  respect,  regard,  with  respect  to.  — 
HorJUr  the  circumference  of  the  mouth 
Cs.  —  Ka-gdn  (cf.  Ka  III)  quadrate, 
S(|Uare,  Ka-gdn-ba  square  adj.^  Ka-gdn-ma 
id.,  e.g.  pieces  of  cloth  so  shaped.  —  Ka- 
gab  Sch.  cover,  lid.  —  Ka-g6n  snow-bail.  — 
Sorgru  comer  of  the  mouth.  —  Ka-mgdl 
T.  iorsd.  —  Korrgdn  Mil.  privilege  of  old 
age  n.  f.  —  Ka-rgdd  Sch.:  ill  language;  a 
slanderer.  Kanrgyug  Glr.  ace.  to  the  con- 
text: idle  talk,  unfounded  assertion.  —  Ka- 
fgyiid  or  -gyun,  resp.  icd^gyuriy  oral  tra- 
dition, esp.  certain  mystical  doctrines  not 
allowed  to  be  written  down.  —  Ka^gds 
advice,  «  Kd^ta;  commandment,  cf.  bka- 


—  Ka-mndr  bitter  and  sweet..  — 
Ka-lig  (v.  Ka  III)  some,  —  Ka-yidn 
clever  talking,  cf.  Ka  sbydn-po  eloquent 
(Cs.:  fair  words?)  —  Ka-ytdd  cover,  lid; 
cork.  —  Ka-bbdl  Sch.  idle  talk,  prattle.  — 
Kor-cdg  Mil.,  was  explained:  abuse,  ill  lan- 
guage. —  Ka-Mdy  resp.  ial-cdd  agreement, 
convention,  covenant,  *k  zumrh^  W.  to  con- 
clude a  convention.  —  Koridr  MU.  snow 
and  rain;  KormorMr  both  falling  promis- 
cuously, sleet.  —  Ka-cins  the  appeasing 
of  wild  beasts  etc.  by  witchcraft  Mil^  — 
Ka-du  1.  spittle  Cs.  2.  snow-water.  —  Ka* 
2f<?  1.  a  large  mouth.  2.  a  person  that  has 
to  command  over  much  (cf.  Ka-drdgyKa-idn). 
3.  n.  of  a  mask  in  the  reb'gious  plays.  4. 
n.  of  a  country,  Cashmere,  v.  below.  — 
Ka-^hns  last  will,  Ka-c&ms  ^dg-pa  to  make 
a  testament.  —  Ka-ios  hypocrisy.  — =•  Ka- 
mht  1.  lip.  2.  Sch.:  word,  voice  (?)  3. 
quarrel,  dispute.  —  Ka-rji  1.  great  lord, 
mighty  personage  Cs.  (?)  2.  good  luck, 
good  fortune  Cs.;  but  in  C.  it  is  only  used 
for  fortune  =  goocjs,  wealth.  —  Ka-nyun 
Sch  sparing  of  words,  laconic.  —  Kd-tay 
also  Kd'lta  good  advice,  lesson,  by^d-pa  or 
f^dg^a  to  give,  C.  W.  —  Ka^tdd-la  (or  -wo) 
Ld.  =  Kor-tdgUiy  on,  upon.  —  Kor-fdn  Cs.: 
'a  reading  or  saying  with  a  loud  voice' 
(Lea.^^^)^  better:  the  saying  by  heart, 
kldg-gam  Ka-tdn^du  ddn^nas  reading  or 
saying  by  heart,  Ka-tdn-du  h^-pa  to  know 
by  heart  Dzl.;  gen,  in  reference  to  reli- 
gious texts.  —  Ka-ytdm  Cs.  tradition.  — 
Korstdh  not  yet  having  eaten  anything.  — 
Ka-fug  C.  to  the  brim.  —  Kor-tdg-la  or  -^a^ 
«  Kd-Uiy  above,  upon,  on  the  top  or  sur- 
face of,  Ka-tdg-tu  id.;  Ka-fdg-nas  down 
from.  —  Ka-fdr  Sch.  pustules  in  the  mouth. 
—  Kordigy  Ka-ldig-mKan  W.  stammerer.  — 
Ka-d6gy  also  Ka  (v.  Ka  IV.  4.)  colour  skra 
mfon-mfin-gi  Ka-ddg-tu  gyiir-to  the  hair 
became  blue  Dzl.;  Ka  sgyur~ba  to  change 
colour,  Ka  ^gyur  the  colour  changes,  cf. 
also  7nd/og.  —  Ka-  drdg  1.  mighty.  2 
haughty.  —  Ka-dran  W.  over -against,  just 
before,  opposite,  straight  on.  —  Ka-^ddms, 
«  Kd'ta,  yddmS'Kay  advice    W.  —  Ka-oddr 


86 


F 


Ua 


P 


p-J^  Ua-lli 


Cs.:  *one  who  speaks  too  fast',  Sch.:  'too 
loud'.  —  Ua-^dig  cork,  bung,  stopple.  — 
Ma-nan  yesterday  morning  C.  —  Kd-nar-dan 
obtong.  —  Ma-^nU  last  year.  —  Md-po  some- 
times {.  Ka  1.  mouth,  e.g.  *Ud'po  dul-mo* 
W.y  *Ud  dul'po  C,  tractable.  2.  speech 
Mil.  3.  bitter  C.  —  Kd-lpdgs  lip,  gdn-ma 
upper,  J^g-ma  lower  lip;  W,x  'UdUpag  (s) 
pdg-dey  ddb-be*  to  smack.  —  Kd-spu  hair 
of  the  beard,  skra  dan  Hd-spu  hair  of  the 
head  and  beard,  frq.  —  Ud-pd  boasting, 
Ua-pO'M  id.  —  Ua-pdr  ^ 'p&r-pa^  a  CUp.  — 
Ka-pyis  napkin.  —  Kd-ba  v.  below.  —  Ua-- 
bdd  the  humidity  of  the  air  or  the  moisture 
of  the  earth  caused  by  snow.  —  Ua^bub 
mouth  or  face  being  turned  downwards.  — 
Ka-brdg  v.  below.  —  Ua-rbdd  C«. :  'a  boast, 
proud  speech';  others:  idle  talk.  —  Afa- 
sbydn  eloquence  Mil.^  Ua-sbydn^o  eloquent, 
cf.  Kor-ybdn  f  —  UorTna-Mr  sleet,  rain  and 
snow.  —  Ka-mur  bit  (bridle)  Sch  —  Ua- 
rtsdny  Ua-sdn  1.  B.C.  yesterday  forenoon, 
Ka-rtsdn-gi  byis-pa  the  boy  that  was  here 
yesterday  forenoon  MiL  2.  W.  (^kar-sdh*) 
the  day  before  yesterday;  some  days  ago; 

""kar-sdh  za-nyi-ma*  last  Sunday:  ^Kar-sdn 
(s)tdn--ka*  last  autumn.  —  Ka-fsa  1.  bitter 
and  acrid  Med.  2.  'hot  in  the  mouth'  a.  a 
very  acrid  sort  of  radish,  e.g.  horse-radish. 
b.  aphthae,  thrush,  a  disease  of  the  mouth, 
incident  to  horses,  cows,  sheep,  c.  Ka-fsd 
rin-ne-ba  Mil.  nt.  daily  warm  food.  —  fla- 
fsub  snow-storm.  —  Afa-^d  boasting,  Ha-fsd 
Mn-tu  fi-ba  a  great  swaggerer  Glr.  —  Afa- 
fsdn  V.  below.  —  Ua-mfsul  muzzle,  mouth 
(of  a  dog  etc.);  the  loWer  part  of  the  hu- 
man face  col.  —  Ua-J&dg  abuse?  ^Ka-fsdg 
'6imrpo*  C.  a  great  abuser,  reviler.  —  i^a- 
zdn  the  contrary  of  Uanlrdgy  low,  unim- 
portant, having  no  authority,  Ha^idn-pai 
sdug-bsndl  the  misfortune  of  being  of  low 
birth  Mil.  —  Ha-hd  1.  'mouth  and  mind', 
Ma^iS  mi  mfstins-pa  hypocrisy,  hypocrite  C. 
2.  *mouth-mind',  meaning  the  same  as  the 
phrase  just  mentioned :  hypocrisy  Mil,  Ha- 
le-m^drpa  unfeigned,  sincere  Mil.  —  Afa- 
iin  breadth,  expanse,  e.g.  of  the  heavens 
MiL  —  Ka-zds  food,  victuals  B.  C.  —  led- 


ya  lit:  'being  one's  partner  or  match  as 
to  speaking',  also  Kai  ya^  —  gen.:  part- 
ner; match;  ^kd-ya  jh£ -pa*  C.  to  assist, 
*Ug  Ue  yct^  (or  *Ua^ya)  n§  nd  fitb*  I  am 
not  his  match,  not  able  to  compete  with 
him;  with  regard  to  things:  I  am  not 
equal  to  the  task.  —  Horras  neck-doth,  cf. 
Ha-dkri.  —  Md-rurfsa  alum  MM.  —  Morrud 
snow-slip,  avalanche,  —  Ka-rd  taste  in  the 
mouth.  —  Ma  rog  v.  Ma  IV.  1.  extr.  — 
Ma-ldn  'mouth-requital'  1.  thanks-giving  Mil. 
2.  reply,  esp.  angry  reply.  —  3.  requital 
for  food  received  C.  —  Ma-leb  cover,  lid. 
—  Afa-fo  1.  'mouth  leaves',  anoi  Md-lo  Mil. 
the  young,  tender  leaves  of  several  wild 
herbs,  used  as  vegetables.  2.  v.  below.  — 
Ma-M  1 .  V.  Mor^kyttr-po.  —  Md-sd  kd-ba  S.g., 
'snow- deer',  elk  Sch.;  shoe-leather  from 
the  skin  of  this  animal  is  mentioned  in 
Mily  and  is  known  in  Tibet.  In  Sik.  how- 
ever the  deer  of  the  neighbouring  Tarai 
is  called  Ma-^a^  in  other  parts  of  the  coun- 
try the  spotted  deer,  —  Ma^dgs  jest,  joke, 
*Ma'hdg  fdb-ce,  tdn-te*  W.  to  jest.  —  Ma- 
hugs- ban  J  -Ud-ban  W.  eloquent  —  Afo-^^ 
Cs.  some.  —  Ma-h6b  col.  lies,  falsehoods; 
obscene  talk;  idle  talk.  MorUdd  talk,  gossip 
MU.  —  Masdn  V.  Ma-rtsdn.  —  Ma-sin  se- 
veral weeks  ago  Cs.  —  Ma-sd  mouth  and 
teeth;  similar:  Ma-mgdl  mouth  and  jaw- 
bone, *Mdsd*  or  *Ma-gdl  cog  yin*  I  shall 
break  your  chops  W.  —  Md-srof  Ld.  *Ma- 
hrd  Idm-be*  to  fry  (meat)  in  butter.  — 
Ma-sldby  —^Ma-tdUy  learnt  by  heart,  (used 
by  children)  W.  —  Ma-lhdg  remnant  of 
a  meal  Mil. 

p^'Afa  (Mica?)  v.  Mwa-ta. 

|rrsr[2f  Md-ga-po  Sch.:  difficult  (?). 

PT5^  ^a-^/  W.  col.  for  Ma-ce-yuly  Cash- 
'  mere. 

m-^«  Afa-?6f  Cashmere;  amongst  other  things 
'  it  produces  much  safFron,  hence  Ma- 
fe-skyes  safh*on;  in  Cashmere  Buddhism 
was  once  flourishing  (v.  the  legend  re- 
lative to  its  being  introduced  there:  In- 
troduction du  Buddhisme  dans  le  Kashmir 


-C  -f^ 


-  t  - 


I'f^m-ui 


'V', 

fi 


p 


37 


F^% 


par  L.  Feer  Paris  1866),  but  afterwards 
it  came  under  Mahometan  rulers,  and  A'a- 
fi  denotes  therefore  now  in  C.  a  mussul- 
man  (cf.  Hue  &  Gabet's  journey);  Afa- 
?ei  dp^-ca  the  koran  Schr.;  Ua-^H  cff^dn- 
(an  an  inn  kept  by  a  mussulman  Mil. 
prr-  Sd-ta  (Hva-ta?)  Ssk.  1.  CrOW.  —  2. 
'^  '  raven,  =  bya-rdg^  po-rdg.  —  3.  Ka-ta 
M-bo  magpie.  1  ^^--^^ .  sbt^t^ 
iqTj^^r'  fcd-to-hin  is  said  to  be  =  /"saZ- 
'  '  •  stw,  a  pointed  stake  used  for  the 
execution  of  criminals. 
p^w  Ua-tcdn-ga,  Ma-fv.^  gen.  pronounced 
'  '  '  Ua-tom-ga  Ssk.,  WilL:  'a  club  or 
staff  with  tk  skull  at  the  top\  the  weapon 
of  Siva,  also  carried  by  ascetics;  Tibe- 
tans refer  it  also  to  the  trident."^ 
-.^--2-^  Ka-btdgs  handkerchief  or  scarf  of 
'  '  '  salutation,  a  piece  of  veil-like 
and  generally  worthless  silk-fabric,  about 
as  large  as  a  small  pocket-handkerchief, 
which  in  Tibet  is  given  or  sent,  with  or 
without  other  presents,  to  the  person  one 
intends  to  visit;  cf.  Hue's  journey  XT,  W 

fO^  Ua-jld,  V.  Kan-da.    ^^  ^^  e 

jq-q-  M-ba  I.  col.  C.  "Ud-po*^  W.  ^Udn-te*, 
"  Bal.  *xo*  bitter.  -  II.  W.  *Ua*  snow, 
M-ba  dun  Itar  ysal  bright  as  snow  and 
shells  Pth.;  Kd-ba  J)ab,  col.  *lia  yon*  it 
snows;  *A^aj[?a^-cV  W.  to  remove  the  snow 
(with  a  shovel) ;  Ud-ba-can  snowy,  and  as 
a  subst:  the  snow-country,  Tibet;  Ud-ba- 
can-pai  Bems-ban-mams  the  Tibetan  beings 
Qlr.  —  III.  correspondently  to  the  Arabian 

word  8^'  the  missionaries  in  Lh.  have 
given  to  Ua-Jja  the  signification  of  coffee, 
which  is  otherwise  unknown  in  Tibet. 
BTflC'  Ka-bdd  1.  the  architectural  ornament 
^  of  a  Tibetan  house  formed  by  the 
projecting  ends  of  the  beams  which  sup- 
port the  roof  (not  'parapet'  C«.)  —  2.  v.  ka. 
p-qqr  Ua-brdg  fork  (not  generally  used  in 

'^  '  eating);  any  forked  object. 
D-^  Ud-mo  Cs.  enchantment,  irresistible  in- 
'       fluence. 

PT^  ^o-^dr  fringes,  threads,  such  as  the 
loose  threads  at  the  end  of  a  web. 


iq-Vy  Ua-fsdn  Sch.  decision;  but  in  the 
'  ^  only  passage  where  I  met  with  this 
word,  viz.  Dzl  9'SU  13,  this  meaning  is 
not  applicable,  but  something  like  surface 
or  width. 

pr(SJ^  Ua-iur  Sch.  water-hen. 

m'sx^Kct-zur  (Ssk.  ^[^9  Hindi  Igrar)  col. 
'  Ua-zur-pa-niidX^j  Ua-zur  ^//idate-tree. 

pr^^'  fe-/2^^'  1.  W.:  rake  (gardening).  — 
'  '  2.  Sp.:  a  carrier's  load,  ^Ka-zS-pa* 
a  cooly. 

m^jjwjw-  Ua-ydg  a  false  charge,  C, :  *ma  nye- 

'  '  pe  Ua-ydgjhuif  he  was  innocently 

accused. 

iq-x'  Kd-ra  1.    W.   i   kd-ra  sugar,   -     2. 

'        Sch. :  trough,  manger,  r 

pT^*  Afa-?V,  or  Ka-ru,  v.  Udl-^ri.   '' 

m-J^'  Ua-^ogy  V.  Ua  rog-pa^  Ua  IV.  1. 
'         '   towards  the  end. 

K'd'le  V.  Uyd'le. 


p'f^v 


prSf  ^^"^^  \.  "v.  Ua  Comp.  —  2.  Schr. 
'  prow  of  a  ship,    others:    helm;    the 

word  is  very  often  used  in  the  phrase: 
Ka-do  sgyur-ba,  esp.  gvu-yzihS'-kyi,  to  turn 
a  ship,  to  steer,  to  lead,  govern,  rule,  Afa- 
lo  sgyur^mUas-^a  skilful  in  driving,  k'a-lo^ 
pa  a  charioteer.  —  3.  Cs.:  the  glans  penis. 
m'jT  Ua-hfa  n.  of  a  mountainous  country 
'    ^  in  the  N.E.  of  India  Tar.  21. 10. 

pT^^'  Ua-sur  v.  Ua-zur. 

nqcn-  Uag  1.  a  task;  charge,  business,  duty; 
'  '  responsibility;  importance;  Uag  Jcur-ba 
to  be  charged  with,  kdg  ^gel-ba  to  lay  upon ; 
*kag  feg-pa*  or  ^kydg-pa*  C.  to  warrant, 
become  responsible;  d^r  Jso-ba  ydn-ba  kag 
teg  I  warrant  you  will  get  something  to 
eat  there  Mil.;  *Uag  -f^g,  Uag-Uydg*  C.  a 
bail;  Udg-dan  important.  —  2.  W.:  part, 
bbvr-Udg  the  tenth  part,  tithe,  *Uag-nyi  co- 
U  tdd-de*  to  cut  in  two;  division,  section 
(of  a  book);  place,  *Udg  nyi-la  pog  son* 
1  have  hurt  myself  in  two  places;  *Uag 
big-la  rub-be*  to  press  towards  one  point; 
in  a  more  general  sense:    *Uag  big-la  'i 


/,.. 


88 


Y^^l^  Hdff-^ 


P 


sda-ka  ios*  finish  this  work  at  once!  — 
yid-Mg  province,  district;  rgyal-Mg  king- 
dom. —  3.  W.:  *\iag^  or  *lxdg'^a  tdg-ce* 
to  hang  (by  the  neck) 
jiCTSf  Ugfo  a  1.  difficult  (W.  *lldgCs)- 
P^*)y  l*^  (^  bear),  *Mg-pojhun* 
it  proved  hard,  ^/fdg-po  )M-pa*  to  suflfer 
want.  —  2.  bad,  spoiled,  rotten,  *mar  kag- 
po  80H*  the  butter  has  become  rancid. 

nOT*Qr  (?)  ^<^9'l^y  ^<^''  *Udg4a  mar''  fresh 


F 


butter,  just  made. 

Uan  C:  vulg.  i.  Uouy  sometimes  also 

in  books. 

pqr'a'  Hdfi-pa  house,  kdn-pa-la  W.  home, 
'  at  home;  in  compounds  also  for  a 

part  of  the  house:  room,  story,  floor  etc., 
sten-y  bdr-y  ^dg-lcan  upper  story,  middle 
story,  ground-floor  Glr.;  bdr-ma,  dkyil-ma 
or  yziin-Kan  means  also  the  usual  dwelling- 
room,  opp.  to  pugs  and  sgo  (v  sgo):  bzd- 
Udn  workshop;  bdn-Kan  storo-houso,  store- 
room; sgd-lcan  entrance,  vestibule;  skdr-l-an 
(Glr,  68,  9)  seems  to  be  a  passage  run- 
ning round  a  building;  *h6g'Uan*  W,  the 
scoo ping-form  or  mould  used  in  the  ma- 
nufacture of  paper;  ^fsds-Kan*  bed  (garden). 

kafi^ld  house-rent  —  Kah-cuh  house 
or  room  reserved  for  decrepit  parents; 
kan-curi-pa  inhabitant  of  such;  yan-lxaii- 
'iun-pa  such  a  person  of  the  second  de- 
gree, (if,  during  his  life,  his  son  enters 
into  the  same  right).  —  kahstdh  an  empty 
house,  which  is  thought  a  fit  place  for 
sorcery  and  necromancy.  —  ^dn-bu  \ .  little 
house,  cottage.  2.  room,  myor-ndn-gyi  K. 
room  of  mourning  DzL  —  kan-mig  room. 
—  kan-^isd  foundation  of  a  house  Sch.  — 
Ifan^idbs  flooring  of  a  room.  —  Uan-bzdns 
residence,  chiefly  of  gods.  —  kan-rid  Sch. 
a  house  in  ruins. 

pC'^  Kdn-bu  Pth.  n.  of  a  (fabulous)  country. 

fqr-  flod  1.  litter,  barrow.  —  2.  like,  as, 
I  '  .=  Itar  Glr,  —  3.  =  Afod,  kad^nydms 
V.  Jcod^nydms. 

pqr-q'  fiad-pa^  1,  the  same  as  Jiddrpa  to 
■^  stick  fast,  to  be  seized,  stopped,  im- 
peded, y.  Jcad^a;  hence  also  ma^dd  = 


pq^  Kabs 

ma-fag  as  SOOn  as:  dbugs  iad  ma-Uddrdu 
as  soon  as  the  breathing  ceases  Thgr,; 
*de  Tna-MdT  instantly,  direcUy,  bu  sh/es- 
ma-kdd  cigGlr,  a  child  born  just  now. — 
2.  to  approach,  draw  near,  with  Uiy  nubda 
Udd-pai  fse  when  the  evening  drew  near 
Pth,'^  frq.  with  the  perfect-root  of  a  verb: 
dbtigs  cddda  Udd-foi  dua  when  the  ceas- 
ing of  the  breath  approaches  Thgr.;  zin- 
la  i'ad  ydd-porla  as  we  were  just  about 
to  seize  him;  Udd-du  postpos.  c.a.:  rth'i' 
pa  k-dd-du  as  far  as  the  heel  Mil,;  kdd- 
kyis  adv.  by  degrees  Mil.;  Mdrlay  k'dd-du 
id.   Tar. 

pTT«q»  Kdn-pa,  also  U&nrpa  1.  sbst.  Schr,: 
'  '  wormwood,  probably  a  mistake  for 
Udm-pa,  —  2.  vb.  to  add  (arithm.)  Wdk, 
myc-  Udn-day  more  correctly  Udn-da^  also 
'  '  '  speUed  Kd-^ddy  Ssk ,  treacle  or  mo- 
lasses partially  dried,  candy;  di-laUdn-da 
bbos-pa  the  candy  made  of  it  Med,;  skyir- 
Kan-da  candied  skyer-pa. 
_-.-.-•  Uan  -  mdn  (corrupted  firom  ^- 
'     '       '   dmanf)  modost  Lh. 

iqq-  kab  1.  court,  residence  of  a  prince, 
'  rgydl-poi  Kdb-kyi  mi-mams  courtiers. 
—  2.  wife,  spouse,  Kah  ^M-ma  the  first 
wife  (in  rank) ;  de-la  Kab  ^6s-pa  ma  myidr 
nas  as  there  was  not  found  a  wife  worthy 
of  him  Glr.;  jdi  ynyis  nai  kdb-tu  byim-ia  \ 
rmis-so  I  dreamt  that  these  two  would 
become  my  wives  Glr.;  Mb-ta  bih-pa  to 
take  for  a  wife,  to  marry.  (Schr.  has  even 
a  verb:  ^h-7na$r  Kdb-pa.)  —  3.  needle,  I 
Kab-rtse  point  of  a  needle,  kab-rdl^)  Sch, 
needle-case,  Kab-mig  eye  of  a  needle,  kdb-  j 
mig-ta  skud-pa  ^ug^pa  or  rgyud-pa  to 
thread  a  needle;  prorMb  a  small  needle, 
sbom-Hdb,  mo-kdh  Dzly  fa  Mb  W,y  blo-Hab 
W,y  Kab-rul  W,  a  large,  thick  needle, 
packing-needle;  Kab-spu  bristle  Sik.;  kab- 
Un  (rdo)  loadstone,  magnet. 

py^y^  kab-td-ka  col.  Jpapsack,  pouch. 
pq-O^  kdb-le  (or  last)   W.  difficult 


P^ 


Kahs  n.  of  a  disease  Med. 


pST  /cam 

Ham  1.  a  bit,  a  small  piece  of  any- 
thing, Icam-cun  a  small  bit,  Uam-gdn, 
I'am  ycig  a  roonthfal^  /ram-fsadrdu  yddd-pa 
to  cat  Sn  the  size  of  bits'  Dzl  (infernal 
ponishment);  Ham-zdn  a  mouthful  of  food 
MiL;  zas  Kam  jrbig  id.  —  3.  W,y  C.  ap- 
petite, ^zd'ce-la  If  am  yon*  W.  I  get  an 
appetite  for  eatmg;  */fam  dig  son*  W,  I 
have  no  appetite;  Kam-ldg  want  of  ap- 
petite, nausea,  aversion  (Cs.  also:  hatred); 
^fam-ldg-pa*  inclined  to  nausea,  easily 
sickened  C;  ^^am-ldg-kan*  W,  id.;  *Kam- 
fom  bo  dug,  nyin  Kam-Hdm  do  dug*  (with 
la)  W,  he  has  a  desire,  a  longiog  for, 
perh.  only  provincial  pronunciation  for 
rkdm-pa, 

pSl'pj'  Ram-Hum  high  and  low  Schr.  (?) 
pr^^'  Uam^dr  walnut  Sch, 

iqjij-q-  ^aW^al.fox-coloured,  sorrel,  brown- 
^  ish.  —  2.  porcelain-clay,  china-clay. 
—  3.  Tanacetum  tomentosum,  a  very  arom- 
atic plant,  frequent  on  high  mountains. 
pg^fS^'  Homrf&r  a  cup  made  of  dough, 
used  as  a  lamp  in  sacrificing. 

^^  Kam-hir  (perh  the  Ar.-Hd.  ^ 


p^^;^'  llar-gdn 


39 


-'*•* 


leaveo)  thick  bread-cakes   leavened  with 
butter-milk  Ld. 

m^q  1cdm-bu  1.  apricot  B,,  C,  Hdm-bui 
tsi-gu  the  stone  of  an  apricot; 
hmlu-mdr  the  oil  pressed  out  of  apricot- 
stones,  smelling  and  tasting  of  bitter  al- 
monds Med,;  mna-rk  kdm-bu  dried  apri- 
cots, V.  pd'tin,  —  2.  peach  Sik.  —  3. 
V.  tarn. 

mgjmynr  Kam-yydg Sch.  cherries,  morels; 
•  '  these  not  being  known  in  Ti- 
^  the  word  must  be  either  of  Khotan 
or  Chinese  origin,  or  else  the  signification 
of  'stones  of  apricots'  is  to  be  adopted, 
as  given  in   Wi», 

wg^  Uanm  (Ssk.  ^rfj)  !•  physical  con- 
stitution of  the  body,  state  of 
I  fcBaltii,  kams  bd^  ha  healthy  constitution, 
good  health;  f^e-btsiin-gyi  kam»  hde  lags-- 
»«m.?  is  your  Reverence  well?  asks  a  lay- 
man, and  the  Lama  answers:  na  Unr-iu 


bde;  kyed  kams  bde-amf  I  am  quite  well; 
are  you  well?  MiL;  W,  more  frq. :  */^am- 
zdn-po*,  C.  also  kam  sdn  good  health; 
kams-rmyd  Med,,  ace.  to  Cs.  nausea,  feel- 
ing sick;  kams-sds Sch,:  rest,  comfort, health, 
prob.  more  accurately:  recreation,  recovery, 
restoration  (of  health),  so:  kams  sds-par 
gijur  MiL;  sometimes  it  seems  to  be  a 
synonym  of  ItiSy  body,  kams  dub-pa  bsinr 
ba  to  recreate  the  exhausted  body  MiLnt 
fig.:  piod'Sems-midrpai  kams  has  fe  the 
peaceable  disposition  predominates  Stg,  — 
2.  (synon.  of  yul)  empire,  realm,  territory, 
domain;  yvl-kdms  empire,  in  a  geographi- 
cal and  political  sense,  e.g.  Nepaul  Glr,; 
rgyal'kdms  I.  for  rgydUpoi  kams  kingdom, 
korborian  gyi  rgyal-kdms  the  kingdom  of 
Tibet  2.  for  rgydl-bai  kams  the  empire 
of  Buddha,  the  world;  rgyal-kdms  ^rim- 
pa  to  roam  over  the  kingdoms,  the  coun- 
tries Mil,;  region,  dominion,  bar-sndh-gyi 
kaTHs  the  atrial  regions,  where  the  Iha 
live  Pth,]  in  physiology:  mkris-pai  kams 
the  dominion  of  bile  Med,;  kams  ysum 
the  three  worlds  ace.  to  Buddhistic  spe- 
culation, viz.  the  earth  with  the  six  heavens 
of  the  gods,  as  the  'region  of  desire',  jdod- 
pai  Kams;  above  this  is  the  'region  of 
form',  yzugs-hfi  kams,  and  ultimately  fol- 
lows the  'region  of  formlessness',  yzugs^- 
m^d'pai  kams.  —  3.  element  (syn.  Jbyun" 
ba),  kams  drug  the  six  elements  of  some 
philosophical  systems,  consisting,  besides 
the  four  elements  familiar  to  us,  also  of 
ndm-mka  and  ma7n-hh^  the  ether  and  the 
substance  of  the  mind.  In  chronology,  in 
naming  the  single  years  of  the  cycle,  five 
elements  are  assumed,  which  (according 
to  Chinese  theory)  are  wood,  fire,  earth, 
iron,  water.  —  4.  p.n.  Khams,  Great  Ti- 
bet, the  parts  between  U  and  China; 
smadr-mdo'kams-sgdn  ysum  the  low-land, 
the  three  provinces  Do,  Eham,  and  Gong, 
cf.  mna-iis;  kdms-pa  a  man  from  Ehams. 

V^^^  kar-rstdn  v.  kd-^iisdn, 

nqx-^fr*  kar-gdn  steatite,  soapstone,  Sch,, 
'         '      prob.  =  dkar-^on. 


40  ^  ^ 

P^'^|C  Uar-rkydn 

P^^|C*  Uar^kydn  v.  Ka-rkydn, 
'     P^'S^^'  ^ar^Udn  V.  {id-rtsdn. 

P^Crl"  or  p'?|^-q'(3r  l^^trsa^a-^ni  or  ^a- 
'  '  '  '  sar-pa-na  n.  of  a 

deity  6Zr.;  2ar.  p.  110  gives  a  (rather 
absurd)  legend  concerDing  the  origin  of 
the  name. 

mq-  k'al  1.  (of.  sffal)  burden,  load,  Kal 
'  cl'i/n'-ba  to  carry  a  burden;  Udl-ffyi 
sten-du  on  the  top  of  the  luggage  Glr,; 
]ial  Qffel'ba  to  load  a  burden,  to  put  a 
load  upon,  leal  Jbdffs-pa  to  take  off  the 
burden,  to  unload;  load,  freight;  as  a  fixed 
quantity,  lug-l'al  a  sheep  -  load,  bdh-Ual 
load  of  an  ass;  Jbimi  Hal  a  load  of  com. 
—  2.  bushel,  a  dry  measure  «=  20  bre; 
therefore  =  a  score  or  20  things  of  the 
same  kind;  in  W,  ^h^aUycig  frq.  for  nyi- 
hu^  also  with  respect  to  persons;  yhdr-lcal 
a  'measuring-score',  20  bre,  actually  mea- 
sured, as  is  usual  with  com;  ^d^gs-Ual  a 
Sveighing-score',  the  weight  of  20  points 
on  the  steel-yard  (rgya-^ma)^  in  weighing 


1**^- 


Uiirimv 


1 


p'Af*  numerical  figure:  32. 

j^(^"  /ciu  C:  *Kyiu*  a  cutting-out  knife. 

PUu  1.  numerical  figure:  62.  —  2.  for 
^^  tiu-lu  (?)  Lt7. 
p^  Uu-gu  Cs,  '1 .  uncle.  2.  an  address'(?) 

fq«e-  Hu'tu  a  hut,  cottage,  constructed  of 
>o>o  branches  Lh, 

r^'  ^  Uii-^u  p.  n.  Kunawar,  also  Bissahar, 
i^  n3  country  on  the  upper  Sutledj,  bord- 
ering on  Tibet,  and  inhabited  in  the  northern 
part  by  Tibetans.  Here  are  situated  Ka- 
nam,  a  monastery  with  a  considerable 
collection  of  Tibetan  books,  and  Poo,  a 
missionary  station  of  the  Church  of  the 
United  Brethren,  founded  1865. 
iq«q-  Uu-ba  1.  fluid,  liquid,  also  (but  less 
io  frq.)  Mu-H;  Ihun^z^d  bkrus-pai  Uit- 
btty  the  fluid  in  which  a  beggar's  bowl 
has  been  washed  Tar. ;  Itrus-Ku  dish- wash, 
swill  Tar,;  Jfrds^/^u  Cs,:  rice-soup,  Schr,: 
rice-water;  sin-Ku,  rtsd-Uu  the  sap  of  trees, 
of  plants  Cs,;  hd-Hu  broth,  gravy;  mdr-hi 

x^'ood,  hay,  butter  etc. r;*-r;^7rZ:t->"«>^*^  ^"**«'--  "  2- wmen  v|rile^^« 

•^  -^>-^^KwtvX^*^/u..^  b^'n-pa  emittere  semen;  fhi-krag  the  mix- 

pOI'P"  M.^an.ofaMongSftribe,Khal-ka.     ture  of  the  semen  with  the  uterine  blood, 

paj-pSor  Ual'Udl  stunned,  insensible  Thgy. 

pqQi'^jqr  Ual'bdg  the  best  sort  of  wool  for 
'  '   manufacturing    shawls,     coming 

from  Jang-thang. 

|q(^^-  Udl-pa  1.  wether,  castrated  ram. 
'  —  2.  sow-thistle,  Sonchus. 

n:y^*j;|:  Udl-ma  beast  of  burden,  sumpter- 
mule  B,y  C,  Hdl-^ma-mams  bzdn^la 
skyM-ba  to  drive  beasts  of  burden  to  the 
pasture,  to  turn  them  on  grass-land  Glr,; 
Schr,;  *mi  Kal  nyis-kyi  la*  C,  payment 
for  carriers  and  beasts  of  burden;  though 
in  W,  it  might  be  understood  as:  payment 
for  twice  twenty  men. 
PHOI'I^'  PW^'  ^a/W,  UaUrUy  also  Ua-Hy 
'  '  Afei-rw  twenty  bushels, 

m^  Uas  instr.  of  Ka;  Uas-len-pa  etc.  v. 
'  Utty  4 ;  kas-skdn  =  Md-skoriy  q.v. ;  kas- 
stdn  with  an  empty  stomach;  kas-dmdny 
kas'iduy  weak,  poor. 


■^5 


by  which  process,  ace.  to  Indian  physio- 
logy, the  fetus  is  formed,  Med,y  Ssk.  ^^i^, 
r^^  Ku-bo  uncle,  on  the  father's  side  B, 
!^^  and  C;  pa-Uu  father  and  uncle;  hi- 
dbdn  and  fcu-fsdn  uncle  and  nephew.  But 
owing  to  polyandry,  the  degrees  of  kindred 
lose  their  precision,  in  as  far  as  all  the 
brothers  that  have  become  the  husbands 
of  one  wife  may  be  called  father'  by  the 

children.;^  J  ;^"  r/  (^.  /         '     y^'^'^l'^ZA-^ 
p-OTi-  Uvrbyug  B,,  also  Uu-gyug  and  yxigr^^ 
KspD  '  cuckoo,  called  byd-'yi  rydl-po  and 
described  as  a  sweetly  singing  bird,  whence 
prob.  Cs.  has  conjectured  nightingale,'which 
however  is   scarcely  known  in  Tibet.  — 
hi-iyug-rtsd  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb, 
m-gmr  ku-mdg  Lh,  purse,  money-bag,  col. 


for  ktuf-ma. 


\'~i 


■-f-- 


m'£xr  ku-fsur  Cs,  the  clinched  hand,  fist, 
1^^  ku-fsur  snun-pa  (Sch,  also  rgydb- 
pa)  to  strike  with  the  fist.     This  signifi- 


^''^  I'-^^fi  JLxO  ^o    A^    tril^    ,    Art^^c. 


V 


f.r 


-  OvVt/.^v.'.  ^.    tfv^^    JL  J?_r^ 


7U 


A- 


p^'  Uur 


e^^^ 


cation,  however,  seemed  not  to  be  known 
to  the  Ijamas  consulted,  who  interpreted 
the  word:  a  religions  gesture,  the  fore- 
finger being  raised,  and  the  others  drawn 
bacL  Some  native  dictionaries  have  wffe 
fist,  others  WZ^  half-closed  fist, 
pqw-  Ku^-yuy  in  C  also  ^^a-yu^^  homless, 
!^  ^  having  no  horns,  used  of  cattle  Sch. 
rrrpv  Ku^lu  1.  the  short  woolly  hair  of 
[5  the  yak.  —  2.  Lh. :  venereal  disease, 
syphilis. 

fq-gj-  Icu'le  Sch.:  steel-yard  and  its  weight; 
!^  but  DzL  7Vy  17  the  word  refers  to 
an  ordinary  pair  of  scales  and  denotes 
that  scale  of  the  two  which  contains  the 
weights. 

iqqf,  iqqicr  l^}  ^ug^  corner,  concave 
!^  '  1^  '^  angle,  nook;  of  rivers,  lakes 
etc.:  creek,  bay,  gulf,  cove,  also  cu-kug; 
Uug-tu  within  a  recess,  on  the  farther  side 
of  a  cavity. 

iqqpr  l^ug-ta  (or  rta)y  a-li-^ug-tay  a  kind 
1^3  '^  of  swallow  Cs.;  the  lights  (lungs) 
of  this  bird  are  used  as  a  remedy  against 
pulmonary  diseases,  Aled. 

htg-md  and  Kug-snd  fog,  mist,  haze, 
during  a  calm,  esp.  in  spring-time. 
Iciig-fa  I  sbst  1.  Cs.\  "part  of  a 
X5  long  period  of  time"  (?)  —  2.  a 
certain  part  of  the  body  Med.  —  II.  vb. 
1.  also  UugS'pay  to  call  =  gug-pa  Mil.  (cf. 
also  ryah).  —  2.  to  find;  get,  earn;  nor 
Mg^a-cm  srid  there  is  a  possibility  that 
we  may  yet  replenish  our  cash  Mil.  nt; 
ynyid  Ic^cgs-pa  to  get  sleep ;  sraii  ysum  JlugSy 
it  drew  i.e.  weighed  three  ounces. 


is  mine,  pit  Cs; 


Pfq- 


used  in  Pur.  for  he,  she. 
PWTCJ'  Mn-pa  to  grant  (Sch.:  to  groan), 

m%-ma  pouch,  UtUe  bag,  w-ttogrs-     ;^ 

money-bag,  purse ;  ^rdzon-i^ug*  Pur.  knap- 
sack; rUdm-Hugy  resp.  lib-k'ng,  little  bag 
for  flour;  nu-Jcug  sucking-bag,  for  babies. 
pj^'  Icun  hole,  pit,  hollow,  cavity,  originally 
used  only  of  dark  holes  and  cavities; 


ma-Mn  nostril,  morUun  the  ear-hole,  mean- 
to  arm-hole,  arm-pit;  bragUun  cleft  in 
a  rock,  cavern;  byi-Uun  mouse-hole;  'Sab- 
to  a  sink;  bso-Hun  peep-hole;  mda-Kun 

9* 


k^ 


loop-hole;  in  C.  *H-Hun^  mig-lfuny  te-Uun* 
are  used  of  any  hole  in  walls,  clothes  etc., 
caused  by  decay  or  daily  wear.  ytor^Uun 
a  sink,  gutter;  l^n^dregs  soot  of  an  oven 
or  chimney  Sch.;  Hun-pay  Uun-po  Cs.  a 
large  hole,  Mn-bu  a  small  hole,  e.g.  spui 
Uun-bu  pore,  passage  of  perspiration  Dzl. 
'-^pwj«  Icuns  1.  the  original  meaning  perh. 
!  ia  minA.  nit  Cr:  —   2. 


ongin,  source 


(fig.),  yyoi  Icuns  snubs y  he  stopped  the 
source  of  the  deceit  Ld.-Glr.  Schl.  13,  b. 
IciinS'cany  and  prob.  of  similar  meaning 
hins'btsuny  of  noble  descent,  or  when  ap- 
plied to  statements  etc.:  well  founded;  Cs. 
also  fine,  excellent;  Kuns-midy  Huns  ndn-pa 
having  no  'origin',  mean,  pitiful,  ill  founded; 
in  the  last  sense  it  seems  to  be  used  of 
historical  accounts,  Tar.  43,  5,  and  more 
esp.  of  religious  records  Pih.y  Glr.;  ftamr 
Kuns  Tar.  66,  18,  prob.:  historical  source, 
record,  document;  in  Pth.  facetiously: 
ftam-Kuns  can  yin  the  source  of  that 
speech  is  beer. 

m^-  Ihid  coat-lap,  or  any  cloth  serving  in 
!^  '  an  emergency  as  a  vessel;  *]iu^  ze^* 
hold  forth  the  lap  of  your  coat,  words 
frequently  used  to  beggars,  to  whom  the 
alms,  chiefly  consisting  in  flour,  are  poured 
into  that  receptacle,  C. 

p^'^'  Kud-pa  pocket,  pouch  Sch. 

mc'jT  Uud-ma  side,  edge  6's.;  Uud-du  aside, 
!^  '       apart,  secretly;  Kud-du  o)og-pa  to 
put,  to  lay  aside. 
nqx^-  Hun-tiy  or  *1cyen-ti*y  is  stated  to  be 


fq^/«jy  Uum(s)    V.   ^gum-pa;   Hums-pay 

lo  crooked. 

nw«y  Uums  Sch.:  so  it  is  said;  Mil.:  16- 
\^  tsfsa-bai  snydn-pa  rgydn-nas  hums 

might  be  rendered:    the  interpreter's  re- 
nown was  proclaimed  from  afar;  the  word, 
however,  is  of  rare  occurrence. 
rnx^  hi/r  1.  burden,  load,   for  men,  more 
lyp     fully:  mi-Hur;  Htir-skyed-pas  Jts6-ba  hig 

3* 


42 


r 


■q*  Hitr-ba 


P 


one  that  lives  by  carrying  loads  Tar.  — 

2.  rarely  porter,  carrier  of  a  load;  Uur-po 
load,  burden;  Kur-iu^  col.  ^JUlt-tv!^  prop,  a 
small  load;  a  load  in  general;  Kitr-pd  car- 
rier, cooly;  Uur^ixdy  tt^r-Wm  cooly-station, 
a  day's  journey,  gen.  10  to  12  English 
miles;  Icur^tsd-pa  a  station-cooly. 
pqx'CT  QnK'fl'  l^^r-bay  Jiur-ba  1.  sbst. 
Ic  '  \,  Ci.;  bread,  food,  8ch.  also 
forage,  fodder.  It  is,  however,  not  the 
common  word  for  bread,  but  only  for  cer- 
tain sorts,  such  as  brar-UuVy  bread  of  buck- 
wheat, rtsabs-Kur  qv.,  and  more  particu- 
larly it  is  applied  to  cakes  and  pastry- 
work  baked  in  fat  or  oil.  —  2.  vb.  v. 
Qliur-ba. 

|q;^5|'    p^5IC(?|)'  Uur-Tna,  Kur-mdnCs) 
lo       '  >c  dandelion  C,  used  as 

a  pot-berb  and  medicinal  plant;   as  the 
former  it  is  also  called  Uur-tsdd. 
mr^xv  Kur-tsds   C.  and  B.  cheek,    the 
!^  ruddy  part  of  the  face  below  the 

eyes  (cf.  ^rdm-pa);  *llur''tsdg  W. 
pqQi-  Ihtl  1.  ScL:  "the  soft  down  of  furs", 
!^       abbreviation  oiUu-lu;  Utd-mal  small 
basket  for  wool  Ts,  —  2.  ravine  Kun,  — 

3.  disbict,  province,  domain;  Uidsa  Uul  all 
that  belongs  to  Lhasa  Georgi  AlpL,  *dei 
Uul'la  ^du^  is  subject  to  him  C. 
mir^T  ^^"^'*^  ^te  bottom^  or  the  side  of 


a  thing  Cs. 
Ue  numeral,  ninety-two,  92. 


&•  !&•  ^,  ^ye  (Sch, :  Ue-^ma)  1 .  profit,  gain; 
'  '  ^  He-spdgs  B.  erni  a,  */!e-b^d*W.  id.', 
Ke-tsdn  byid-pa  to  trade,  to  traffic  P(k.; 
his-Uyi  He  gain,  advantage  obtained  by 
knowledge  and  attainments;  Ke-pa  trades- 
man, dealer;  fson-^dus  Hi -pa  trader  in  a 
market  Mil.;  Ice-ni/in  Sch.;  profit  and  loss, 
risk;  Ice-sgrub-pa  Ci.,  *liye^id  tdb-h^  W., 
to  make  profit,  to  gain.  He  brggdb^ay  to 
make  a  good  bargain  Sch.;  *Ke^ru  odo-wa* 
C.  to  abate,  to  go  down  in  price;  *Hi-cqn, 
He-m^*,  profitable,  unprofitable;  ^Kyi-mo* 
W.  cheap.  —  2.  tetter,  herpes,  ringworm 
(eruption  of  the  skin)  Sch. 
feqW"  Uegs  v.    Uegz. 


pr  Ho 

fer^n'  HMs-^a  l.partic.  ofJlMs-pa,  filled, 
'  replete  with.  —  2.  adj.  pufFed  up, 

proud,  haughty,  arrogant;  sbst  pride  etc.; 
Hens-s^mSy  Uem-^rigs  pride.  Hens-po  Med. 
with  reference  to  food:  producing  flatulence. 
j^q-  HM-pa  1.  Schr.  worm- wood,  prob. 
'  ^  erron.  for  Kdm-pa.  —  2.  Sch.:  to 
lean,  to  repose  on,  erron.  for  bHdn-pa. 
gjq^  Hebsy  col,  W.:  ^Hgebs*,  Cs.:  l^-ma 
'  covering,  coverlet:  *Heb  sdn-pa^y  to 

take  the  covering  ofF  C. ;  Mr-H^  a  cover- 
ing against  rain,  rain-cloak;  sUn-Hebsy  Icdg- 
Hebs,  table-cloth  Cs.;  fddr-HebsLt.  cap,  hood; 
ydicn-Hebsy  a  certain  beam  or  board  above 
the  capital  of  a  pillar;  ydM-H^y  veil,  cloth 
to  cover  the  head;  *dun-Hy^9*  W.  apron; 
*pan-H4b*  C.  napkin,  apron. 

pSI'  Hem  V.  Hyem, 

hs^smq-  ^-^^«S^-p«)  to  defraud ;  to  usurp 

j^P|-q-  HSl-ia  prob. iorJUIrba^  to  load  upon; 
'  bh  Hihba  is  said  to  be  used  inC 

for  bh  skyiUba  W.y  v.  skyiJr-ba  no.  6. 
fe?r^  Afe8-nyA»  the  day  before  yester- 
'       /'    day  Sch. 

fe^q'^"!^  6'.  to  hit,  Jkdms-la  (or 
'  mfsdrM-laf)  to  hit  the  right  thing, 

the  exact  point  or  line;  ynddrla  to  strike 
the  vital  parts,  to  hit  mortally,  fatally, 
af  Ho  I.  numerol,  122.  —  2.  BaL  (^o*) 
'      for  Horbay  bitter. 

p5^  Ho  pers.  pron.  of  the  third  person,  he, 
'  she,  it,  but  almost  exclusively  in  col. 
language.  In  ancient  writings  it  occurs 
but  rarely,  being  either  omitted  or  sup- 
plied by  dCy  but  in  later  works  that  come 
nearer  to  the  present  language,  it  is  to  be 
found  the  more  frequently.  Hoi  his,  her; 
*H6'pay  Hd'wa*  plur.  they,  W.  and  C  v. 
Georgi  Alph.y  in  an  edict;  *H6^agy  Hd-fso^ 
id.  C. ;  ^Hd-^a  nyH^  W.y  both  of  them :  Ho- 
ran  1.  he  himself.  2.  he,  »  *ASo*  col.; 
with  partic:  Ho  dd-H  snon  la  son-ba  dcy 
Mil.y  he  that  just  went  on  in  advance, 
preceded  in  front. 

Note.    The  word  prob.  has  been  ori- 
ginally a  sbst.,  denoting  essence,  substance 


^  Ico-ti 


pC'^'  HoH-pa 


43 


(like  itd^bo);  md-hoy  yii-llo,  rgyu-Uo  are 
said  to  be  ased  in  C.  for:  the  essential, 
tke  most  important  part  of  a  thing,  the 
main  point,  and  the  noun  substantive  may 
possibly  have  changed  into  a  substantive 
pronoun,  in  a  similar  manner,  as  na^  I^ 
is  connected  vnth  nd-bo;  cf.  also  Ud-na, 
lc6-bo. 

^  Ko-H  C.  (Chinese?)  tea-ketHe. 


8fgqrcn^-i:j-  flo-fdg  yHdrpa  c.  U 
'       '   '     '      to  despair  of  Mil ;  to 


termin. 
resign, 
to  acquiesce  in,  to  reconcile  one's  self  to; 

also  sems  Uo-fdg  ybdd  pa  Pth. 

^^  U6-na  adj.  and  adv.  1.  just,  exactly, 
'  '  the  very,  rgydl-pos  ^dod-pa  Ud-na  yin 
that  is  just  what  has  been  wished  for  by 
the  king  DsL  U^.  17.  md-ma  Kd-na  biin- 
du  just  as  before;  c4i  Kd-na  yin-par  nes 
he  is  evidently  the  very  same  (man)  Mil.; 
mn-bu  Hd-na  cdrd-ba  just  like  a  worm 
Thgy,;  fsul  de  Ud-nas  by  the  ve^y  same 
process  Tc^,  13, 12;  de  /l6-na  nyidr4u  gyur 
Hg  just  so  may  it  happen !  (at  the  con- 
clasion  of  a  prayer)  Glr,;  but  de-Jio-na- 
nyidy  as  a  philosophical  term,  is  also  the 
translation  of  the  Ssk.  tdttva^  essentiality, 
^ath,  implying  to  the  Buddhist  nothing 
but  vacuity,  the  Nirvana  Trig.  20.  —  2.  only, 
solely,  delusively,  skdd-Mg  Ud-nay  only  for 
a  moment  Dzl  ^:?,  12.  ^dod  Hd-nas  bril 
nay  if  taken  up  merely  with  lust:  s&ms- 
hm  ]c6-na  bdi^bar  ^ddd-tsa-na  as  he  in- 
tended only  the  welfare  of  beings  Thgy.; 
Tor. 

P'S^  ^6^  mas.,  Ho-mo  fern.  pers.  pron.  1  st. 
person,  I,  pi,  Kd^o-dag  we,  indiscri- 
minately as  to  the  rank  of  persons,  B, 
and  C;  mi  /cd-boi  mam-^h  the  soul  of  me 
the  man,  i.e.  my  human  soul  Mil;  also 
pleon.  ^(J-Ao  na. 

p^ggr  Ko-bdnty  the  Tibetan  name  for  Khat- 
mandu,  the  capital  of  Nepaul  Glr,, 
iKL;  sometimes  also  called  khd  po-brdrty 
prob.  on  account  of  the  mineral  treasures 
supposed  to  abound  in  that  country. 


g^w  Kd-mUy  perh.  misprinted  for  l^om  knap- 
'  sack,  wallet  M7.,  or  else  a  secondary 
form  of  that  word. 

K^mM*  ^yy^y  occurs  only  in  ^Uo^yii  sk&r" 
'  '^  de  (perh.  col.  for  Jior-yyid)  W.  to 
thrash,  which  is  done  by  driving  a  number 
of  oxen  fastened  together  round  a  pole 
that  stands  in  the  middle  of  the  thrashing- 
floor. 

j2^x*  Uo-Ttty  Cs.  also  Hdr-say  circumference; 
'  circumjacent  space;  also  fence,  sur- 

rounding wall;  lld^a  Uor-yiig'tu,  (Hot-)  Hot- 
yug-tUy  in  a  circle,  in  circumference,  frq. 
in  measuring ;  also  round  about,  all  round, 
e.g.  to  flow,  to  encompass;  Icor^yug  kun- 
tu  in  the  whole  circuit,  round  about. 
j^omr  ^^'^9  ^*  ^^•-  bigness,  robustness 
'  '  (Lex.  TjhTBTf )>  ^'<^%-y«w«-ipa  big, 
prominent  limbs;  Sch,:  Uo-ldg  li-badi  large 
space.  —  2.  Lh,\  dumpling,  made  oirtsdm- 
pa  and  beer;  Ld,:  pap  of  lixdm-pa  and 
tea,  called  spags  in  C. 
fi^-  Uog  1.  frq.  for  lcon(-pa)y  the  interior, 
'  '  inside ;  v.  also  Kdg-pa  and  lidg-ma,  — 
2.  for  KogSy  Jcogs  q.v.  —  3.  for  ^^g^-pa, 
mqi-^  Mg-pay  sometimes  Kdg-may  Uogy  the 
'  '  trunk  of  the  body,  ka^/cog  the  body 
of  an  animal  cut  up  for  food;  *sa^Icdg  ddU 
bey  Ug-ce*  to  cut  up  a  carcass;  ^Udg-tUy 
Uog  ndn-dv!^  within  the  body. 
ffi^'Sr  ^5^-^^*^  ^*  pot,  earthen  vessel  = 
'      '       pru;  Uog-^M  large  pot. 

f$n?f  Kogs  cough  Med,y  Udgs-pa  to  cough. 

jgr-  f^oriy  rarely  Udn-pay  pers.  pron.  3d. 
'  person,  he,  she;  like  Ko  it  is  of  far  less 
frequency  in  the  earlier  literature  than  in 
the  later;  at  present  it  is  in  W.  used  as 
the  respectful  word  for  he,  but  in  C,  ace. 
to  Lewin,  as  plur.,  =  they;  fSdn-^i  his,  her; 
pi.  Udn-mamSy  Uon-cagy  Udn-tsOy  Udn-cag- 
mams;  Uon-rdn  and  Uoh-nyid  he  himself; 
rgydl-po  Uon-^'dn  yin  dgdns-nas  the  king 
supposing  that  he  himself  was  meant  Glr. 
ffiC'Q'  f^n-pa  1.  prov.  for  Kdn-pa.  —  2. 
'  the  inside,  inward  parts,  prov.  Icdg- 

pa  (Cs.  also:  the  veins);  Kdn^Uy  Udn-^nay 
/cdn-nas  adv.  and   postp.  in,  within,  from 


44 


p5c?r  Icons 


paj'^  mi^ 


within,  out  of;  Udn-du  (jaX&o  Uonssu)  Md-pa 
or  fsud-puy  with  or  without  sems  (resp. 
fugs)  being  prefixed  1 .  impressed  on,  fixed 
in  the  mind,  thoroughly  understood,  known. 
2.  very  restless,  uneasy,  sorry,  anxious  in 
one's  mind ;  -r-  K'M-du  sdu-ba  to  impress 
on  the  memory,  to  learn  (by  heart)  Glr.; 
tid'/i-nas  snyin  pyun-ba  Itar  as  if  their  heart 
was  torn  out,  PtL;  snyin  Icoti  rus-pai 
dkyil-nas  .y^dl'ba  btab  he  prayed  from  his 
inmost  heart  Thgy, ;  Udn-ncts  ses-pa,  smrd- 
ba  to  know  by  heart,  to  say,  recite  by 
heart  Cs,  ^Uog-la  yid-du  med^  W,  I  have 
no  recollection  of  it;  Icdn-pai  drdd-la  'pan 
it  helps  against  internal  heat  Medry  U6n- 
par  sdn-bai  dug  bzinno  it  is  like  a  poison 
that  has  entered  into  the  internal  parts 
(or  the  veins)  Thgy.;  ^Udg-panKan-^a^^  a 
bad  character  W,,  ^Uog-pa  ^4n-mo*  W.  ge- 
nerosity, magnanimity  (?)  — 

Comp.  Kvii-kragy  the  blood  contained 
in  the  veins  Cs,  —  l^dh-Kro  (-ba)  wrath, 
anger;  Kdn-Icro  spdn-ba  Mil,  to  put  away, 
subdue  anger,  *zd'ba*  C,  to  'conceive'  anger, 
take  a  dislike;  Mh-mi'-KrO'-ba  quiet,  calm, 
mild  Pth,  —  ^Uog-iug*  col.  uneasiness, 
sorrow,  anxiety;  *liog'fiig  jM-pd^  61,  ""co- 
be*  W,  to  be  uneasy,  anxious.  —  Mo/Ugdn 
full,  filled  up  in  the  inside,  solid,  /coif- 
ston  hollow,  tubular.  —  ""Uog-fhi,  Kog-dhi'', 
W,  grudge,  ill-will,  hatred.  —  Jcon-fsil  suet 

—  ^kv/i'ldg*  W.  cholera.  —  *](og-Mn*  W. 
1.  the  core  of  a  tree,  heart-wood.  2.  tenon. 

—  *Uog'hvgs*  a  groan,  sigh  W.,  *kbg-sugs 
tdri'de*  to  sigh,  to  groan.  —  ^Kog-svbs-la 
sil-de*  W,  to  read  low,  softly,  whisperingly; 
*lcog'Sil  tdn-ce*  W,  to  read  noiselessly,  so 
as  not  to  be  heard.  —  Uon'(y)seh  inner  ca- 
verns, not  opening  to  the  daylight;  (those 
of  the  Rirab  are  the  habitations  of  the  Lha- 
ma-yin  or  Asura). 

g5r«j-  kons  1.  sbst.  (Udns-ma  CsJ)  the 
'  middle,  the  midst;  gans-Udrts-na  in 

the  midst  of  alpine  snows  JlftZ. ;  respecting 
time:  idg  bdiin^yi  Motis-su  within,  during, 
seven  days  Pt/i,,  Tar,;  respecting  money:  de 
nyid'kyi  Kdns-na  yndS'SO,  (this)  is  contained, 


included  in  that  (sum)  2ar.  5^,  15;  Mons-su 
ytogs-pa  Lex,^  Cs,:  annexed  to,  united,  in- 
corporated v^ritb.  —  2.  adj.  crooked;  W.: 
*/cons  ca  dug*  it  is  bent,  curved,  e.g.  paper 
by  heat,  the  limbs  by  the  gout;  ^Kdns- 
kan*  W,,  ^/con-iiT  C.  crippled. 
nqr-  kod  I.  V.  Jfddrpa  and  ^od-pa,  —  II. 
'         inst.  of  Jiod. 

j^q-  Icon-pa  anger,  grudge,  resentment; 
'  '  Uon  ^dzin-pa,  U&a-du  odzin-pa  to 
hate,  *lc6n4a  kur-t^  W.  id.;  ^/con-gng-ste 
ddd'ce*  W,  (*'to  sit  waiting  with  hatred") 
id.;  *lcon'b^*  W,,  the  sting,  the  burning 
of  anger  or  hatred  in  the  soul, 
ggr  /cob  1.  fat,  heavy,  clumsy  Sch,  —  2. 
'        sometimes  for  Jcob,  —  3.  v.  ^pebs-pa, 

jiqW  Kom  wallet,  leather  trunk  C,y  Cs, :  felt 
'        or  skin  bag;  yzims-Uom  Cs,  id.  (prob. 
resp.);   Kom-Jbog  Cs,  a   cloak-bag;   more 
accurately:   the  cloth  in  which  the  trunk       , 
is  wrapped  and  carried  by  the  porter.         ™ 

j^^q-  U6m-pa  Schr.;  to  be  able,  esp.  to 
'  be  enabled  to  do  a  thing  by  the 

absence  of  external  impediments;  U&m^a  * 
min  Cs,,  ^Jcom-ce  mi  ra^  W,  I  have  no 
time,  I  cannot  do  it  now;  sdod  mi  Kom  I 
cannot  sit  and  wait  now  Pth,;  mid  mi  \ 
/com -par  vdthout  your  having  time  to 
swallow  it  down  DzL  9S^i  17.  mi-Uom- 
pa  brgyad,  the  eight  obstacles  to  happiness, 
caused  by  the  re-birth  in  places  or  situa- 
tions unfavourable  to  conversion  Trig,  no. 
66.  Ace.  to  Sc/ir.  the  word  is  also  used 
in  that  special  sense:  to  be  able  to  carry 
on  a  law-suit,  to  which  there  are  likewise 
eight  obstacles. 

j^'^WCrr  ^'o^'-'^-y^ff  Scfi-y  /cor-yug,  /cor^ 
'  ^  '  sa  V.  /c6-ra;  Km^-yug'tii  conti- 

nually, incessantly  Mil. 
g^-  /lol  Cs.  =  /col'bu;   /cdl'du  jh/un-bay 
'        abridgment,  epitome  Cs. 

fj^Qj-q-  /c6l-pa  1.  Cs.  boiled.  —  2,  Sch,  boil- 
'  ing,  bubbling,  zans  /c6l-pa  a  bub- 

bling kettle  Dzl. 

mQi-'Jjti  /col-pOf  also  /iol'brdny  servant,  raan- 
'  servant,  /ioUpor  r^is-su  bzun-ba  to 


por^  Bi-bu 


P 


45 


13^^'  Ki/db-pa 


take,  to  hire  for  a  servant  Pth,;  frq.  fig. 
sems-kyi  Uoh-por  yda  (the  bodyj  is  a  ser- 
vant of  the  mind  Mil,;  jig-rUn  srid-pai 
Icol-po  a  servant  of  the  world  i.e.  of  mam- 
mon Mil, 

pjj^q-  Hol-iu  a  small  piece,  M-bu  nipm- 
*  ^  Jbru  tsam  zig  kyah  ma  lus  Pth, 
not  so  much  as  a  grain  of  mustard  seed 
is  left. 

ffiof 3T  ^'^i-"^^  1  •  Cs.  'anything  boiled' ;  perh. 
more  accurately:  anything  boiling, 
ht  Uol-ma  boiling  water;  dttg-mfso  /col-ma 
a  boiling. lake  of  poison.  —  2.  Sch,:  an 
outlet  for  the  smoke  in  a  roof. 
pOT^  ^o7-?wo  1.  mald-servant  ^.  —  2.  a 
'  coarse  sort  of  blanket  usually  given 

to  slaves  Schr. — 3.  mowed  com,  a  swath  C 
jp^  Uos  V.    gh-pa, 

pWr^I'  Uds-pa  wished  for,  wanted  Sch. 

^0\'  %«-?^  ^«.,  *h^d'le*  W,,  as  much  as 
^  fills  the  hollow  of  the  hand,  a  handful, 
e.g.  of  water. 

1^1^'  Kydg-pa  to  lift,  v.  Jcyog-pa. 

rocn^^j'd'  %^^(i)"?«  ^-  frozen;  ice.  —  2. 
the  frost,  cold,  Hydg-tog-Uar  on 
the  ice  Glr,;  Icydg-pa  Jxydg-pai  bod-yul 
'Tibet  frozen  up  with  frost'  Pth,;  ^Rydg- 
la  jar  (v.  byor-ia)  *son*  W,  it  has  stuck 
fast  by  freezing.  —  ^Myag-iu-ko-kc!^  Ts, 
mad  caused  by  a  thaw,  snow- water.  — 
^Icydg-^ran^^an*  W.  hardened  against  the 
cold.  —  Kyag-ruvi^  Ityag-i'dm  ice,  pieces  of 
ice,  floating  blocks  of  ice  (also  calM'om); 
cf.  Ji'yag^a, 

[nr-  By  ad  1.  difference,  distinction  B.,  C, 
^  '  W,  *gan  tdn-na  Icyad  Tned^  W,  it  is 
no  matter  which  you  give  me;  vd-dan- 
prad-pa^ddn  Uyad-m^d-do  it  is  quite  the 
same  as  if  they  came  to  myself;  sems-la 
l^yad  byun  a  diflference   of  opinion  arose. 

—  Hyad'cos  mark  of  distinction.  —  2. 
something  excellent,  superior,  bzoi  Byad,  bzo- 
Bydd  an  excellent  work  of  art  Glr,;  bsgiiib- 
pax  Jcyad  yon  prob. :  it  shall  be  instantly 
performed  in  the   very  best  manner  Pt/i. 

—  leyad-ndr  the  principal  or  chief  wealth 


Cs.  —  liyad-don  the  principal  sense  Sch. 
—  3.  syllable  employed  to  form  abstract 
nouns.  A  transition  to  such  formations 
appears  in  the  following  sentence:  dkar- 
nag-ids'kyi  ce-Kydd  blta  Mil.  we  wish  to 
examine  the  difference  of  greatness  or 
worth  of  the  white  and  the  black  religion; 
so  also  whenever  a  certain  measure  is 
given,  and  in  general,  when  such  abstract 
nouns  are  used  in  a  relative  sense,  as: 
mfo-Uydd  height,  zab-Uydd  depth,  pyug-Uydd 
wealth.  —  4.  part,  division,  the  same  as 
Hydd'par  2;  ^sa-Uydd^  W,  place,  corre- 
sponding exactly  to  *sar^a*  C, 

Derivatives,  ^kye^-fsar-cen*  —  nd-mfsar- 
can  wonderful  C,  —  Icydd-du  adv.  espe- 
cially, particularly,  Bydd-du  cpdgs-pa  par- 
ticularly (uncommonly)  lofty,  sublime  Glr. 
Bydd'par  adv.  =  /rydd-du  Glr.  50,  7,  and 
more  frq.  sbst.:  1.  difference,  dissimilarity 
B.  and  C,  wa  da/i  Byod  ynyis  Uyddrpar- 
ce  I  and  you  —  that  is  a  great  difference 
Glr.;  de  dan  kydd-par-ma-mcis-pai  rten 
an  image  not  differing  from  this  Glr,; 
min-gi  Uydd-par  yin  it  is  (only)  a  diffe- 
rence of  name  Glr.  —  2.  sort,  kind,  J^rds- 
but  Uydd-par  kun  all  sorts  of  fruit;  ri- 
dvdgS'kyi  Icydd-par  zig  a  particular  kind 
of  game;  perh.  also:  division,  part,  yul-gyi 
Uydd-par  province  Tar,  7p,  14.  —  3.  = 
K-yad  2.  something  of  superior  qualities, 
an  excellent  man  Tar.  50,  7.  Kydd^par- 
<^an  superior,  excellent,  capital,  bld-ma  Byddr 
par '  can  big  Mil,  an  excellent  spiritual 
teacher;  Kydd-par-du  adv.  particularly, 
chiefly,  especially.  Rather  obscure  as  to 
its  literal  sense,  but  of  frq.  use  is  the 
phrase  Kydd-du  ysod-pa,  ysdd-^a^  c.  accus. 
but  also  dat.,  to  despise,  e.g.  drnd-la  an 
inferior,  rgyu-Jbrds  the  doctrine  of  retri- 
bution, nyon-mons-pa  trouble  etc. 

ra^   Byab  V.  Uydb-pa. 

on-n'  f^'y^^<^  to  fill,  penetrate;  to  embrace, 
^^  comprise,  c.  accus.,  also  dat.,  mi- 
^tsdn-bas  kydb-pai  sa-pydgs  a  place  full  of 
dirt  Thgy.;  Jn^m-pa  mdn-pos  full  of,  quite 
covered  with  pustules,  pocks  Med.;  mJcHs- 


j9as  filled,  impregDated  with  bile  Med,; 
lus  serm  dga-bd^  Uydb-par  ffyur-nas  body 
and  soul  (filled  with)  fuU  of  joy  Glr.;  bar 
Kydb-pa  to  fill  up  an  intermediate  space; 
to  make  (a  country  etc.)  full  of  light,  re- 
ligion, happiness,  frq.;  fams-cdd-la  diin- 
gyis  to  embrace  all  creatures  with  bene- 
volence; kun-la  /cyab'pa  in  grammar: 
capable  of  being  joined  to  any  word,  com- 
prising all  of  them,  Glr. ;  hjab-^^-ha  com- 
prehensive; used  also  in  the  way  of  cen- 
sure :  everywhere  and  nowhere ,  to  be  met 
with  everywhere  MU,;  Uyab-yddl  or  rddl 
comprehensive,  extensive.  —  Kyab  seems 
also  to  be  a  sbst.  in  Uyab-c^-ba,  and  still 
more  so  in  rgya  bod  yom  Icydb-tu  grdgs- 
pa-la  according  to  what  is  spoken  in  the 
whole  compass  of  India  and  Tibet  Tar.  87. 

POT'Qg^r  ^)/^'J^9  Vishnu,  a  Brahmanical 
^  N9  '  divinity,  appearing,  like  Brahma 
and  Shiva,  also  in  Buddhist  legends,  yet 
principally  known  in  his  quality  as  yza- 
sffra-ycan-jizin  (Rahula),  conqueror  of  the 
demon  that  threatens  to  devour  sun  and 
moon;  hence  Ixyab-^ug^yzh*  Med.^  *)<yab- 
jug-gi  noj^  W.^  *ra'hu'le  ne*  C,  epilepsy. 
ra$I?T  %«^^  ^'*->  'ScA.  yard,  court-yard,  C«. 
•^  also  gallery.     It  is,  like  Uom^^  a 

space  that  is  to  be  found  in  many  Tibetan 
houses,  and  may  be  compared  to  the  com- 
pluvium  of  the  Romans,  being  open  in 
the  middle,  and  on  the  sides  generally 
enclosed  by  verandas,  hjarm  may  there- 
fore be  called  court-yard,  when  it  is  on 
the  same  level  with  the  ground,  (so  also 
perh.  Tar.  89,  4,  reading  Kyarm-su  for 
JiyaTm-su);  but  in  the  upper  stories  such 
a  construction  is  unknown  in  European 
architecture,  /cyams-stod  the  upper  court- 
yard, k^yams-smdd  the  lower  one;  Uyayn^- 
tons  Cs,:  'impluviuro'. 

ro$|^  /iyams  Cs. :  p.  n,  =  /cams,  v.  f^arm  3. 

^  '    ^        '    '^  pa,  Hydl'pa  v. 

JcydTm-pa,  etc. 

J^*  l(yi  dog,  liyi  rmng  B.  and  C;  the  dog 
^    bites,    W.:  barks;  *so  taJ/    W.;  bites; 


^ST  hjim 

*fam*  W.  lays  hold  of;  Uyi  bds'tias  rna 
brdun  proverb:  if  you  call  the  dog,  then 
you  must  not  beat  him  Glr,  —  Icyi  rkan- 
ynyis  Sch.  'a  bastard  dog,  a  cor'  (?)  — 
Hyiskdd  the  barking.  —  Uyi-Udfi  dog-ken- 
nel,  —  f^gu  a  puppy.  —  Uyi-rgdn  an  old 
dog.  —  hfirTiiO  the  itch  of  dogs.  —  %i- 
ddm  ^dog's  seal',  a  mark  burnt  in;  stigma 
C,  W.  —  Icyi-^ug  poison  of  hydrophobia 
Sch.  —  Uyi'indud'pa  the  pairing  of  dogs 
Sch.  —  Hyi-pul  dog -kennel,  dog-house.  — 
^Uyi-pal-^drit  W.  Blitum  virgatum.  —  %i- 
spydn  W.  jackal.  —  k'yi-po  a  male  dog.  — 
kyi-bru  Sch.  a  vicious,  biting  dog.  —  %i- 
sbrdn  dog's  fly.  —  Icyi-mo  a  female  dog, 
bitch.  —  Icyi'Smym  canine  madnes,  hy- 
drophobia C,  W.;  also  mad  dog  =  %i 
smydn-pa.  —  I'yi-rdzi  dog-keeper.  —  Uyi- 
yion  trough  for  dogs  and  other  animals, 
manger.  —  Uyi^g  flea. 
^w  %'-^  1-  V.  Icyi.  —  2.  W.  bud  (of 
•^  nJ  leaves  and  branches,  not  of  blossoms), 
eye  (of  a  plant). 

^.;^.  Uyi-ra  chase,  hunting,  esp.  of  single 
•^  huntsmen,  not  of  a  party;  stable- 
stand,  cf.  lihs;  ^kyi-ra-la  cd-te*  W.  to  go 
a  hunting,  *lcyi-ra  co-ce^  gydb-bCy  gyug-ce* 
id.;  ^Icyt-ra^la  M-Uan*  hunter,  sportsman; 
Myi-7*a-ba  B.  and  C,  H'yirra-pa*  W.  hunts- 
man. 
W'XC'  Kyi-ron  p.n.,  v.  skyid-grdri. 

fe'aj'Ql'^*  ^^^-Za-^a-W   a   sort  of  treacle 
•^      ^        made  of  seri-tden  Wdn, 
^^  Icy^g  V.  Jiy^g-pa. 

^-.  Uyid  breadth  of  the  hand  with  the 
13  »  thumb  extended,  a  span. 

hsT  %*^  C^*-  'If)  ^-  ^^^^j  not  as  a 
^  building,  but  as  a  dwelling-place  of 
man,  a  home.  Even  when  in  Sik.  they 
speak  of  ^sin-Hyim^  nyug-Uyim*  a  house 
of  wood,  of  bamboo,  the  idea  of  habi- 
tation, dwelling-place  predominates  in  these 
expressions.  Uyim-na  at  home,  Uymi-du 
home  (to  go  home);  Uyim  dan  Kyim-na 
house  for  house,  each  in  his  house  Tar. 
151.  22;  Uyim  spo-ba.  to  remove  to  an- 
other place;  Uyim  skydri-ba  to  have  a  house- 


hold,  to  gain  a  livelihood;  Uyim-gyi  so-fsis 
household,  housekeeping,  farming;  Uyinfirgyi 
rig^a  knowledge,  experience  in  house- 
keeping and  fanning;  Hytm-med-pa  home- 
less, without  a  home;  therefore  esp.  as 
opp.  to  the  life  of  a  homeless  and  un- 
married priest:  Icyimrgyi  byd-baov  las,  1. 
domestic  business,  2.  lay -life,  worldly 
life;  of.  also  many  of  the  compounds. 
^jprn-la  ^dn-btty  ytdn-ba  to  get  married,  to 
be  given  in  marriage,  respecting  the  fe- 
male part  Glr.y  Mil.  —  2.  the  signs  of  the 
Zodiac,  which  is  called  Uyim-gyi  Jcdr-lo^ 
viz.  luy  ram,  ylan  bull,  Jirig-fa  (pairing) 
twins,  kdrkata  (Ssk.)  crab,  s^^e  lion,  6m- 
mo  virgin,  srah  balance,  sdicfC-pa)  scorpion, 
yzu  (bow)  archer,  (hc-srin  (sea-monster) 
Capricorn,  bum-pa  water-bearer,  nya  fishes. 
To  these  12  signs  however  the  correspond- 
ing Tibetan  figures  are  not  9  to  ?:?,  but 
0  to  ;^,  as  seems  to  be  the  usage  in  astro- 
nomical science.  There  is  moreover  a  di- 
vision into  27  lunar  mansions'  much  in 
ose;  V.  rgyu'skdr.  —  3.  double-hour,  the 
time  of  two  hours;  or  the  twelfth  part  of 
the  time  of  the  apparent  daily  rotation  of 
the  heavens  and  consequently  also  of  the 
zodiac,  or,  as  we  should  say,  the  time  of 
the  passing  of  a  sign  of  the  zodiac  through 
the  meridian.  —  4.  C«.:  halo,  or  circle 
round  the  sun  or  moon.  —  5.  Symbolic 
nomeral:  12. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  Uyim'fdb(s)  husband, 
frq.;  also  wife;  Kyim-' fab-la  yidn-ba  to 
give  in  marriage,  to  give  away  a  woman 
for  a  wife;  Uyim-tdb-mo  wife,  housewife, 
Oj.  —  Hytm-bddy  master  of  the  house, 
knband;  owner  of  a  house,  citizen;  %ww- 
bddg-ma  fem.  —  /cyim-pa  1.  layman, 
2,  ft.:  surrounded  by  a  halo  (/k^yim  4); 
Sjfm-pai  pyogssu  sbyin-pa  given  away  to 
laymen  DzL;  Hyim-par  ^dug  or  p^as  he 
lives  as  a  layman;  pyis  I'yiTn-pai  fsul-can- 
gyi  mdlrjbyor-pa  a  devout  man,  who  lives 
outwardly  like  a  layman  MU,  —  k)fim' 
porpa  a  houseowner,  peasant,  farhier,  hus- 
iNUld;  Uyhnrporma  housewife.  —  fiyrm  by  a 

(tie  fowl,  cock,  hen,  poultry  IT.,  C.  — 


15^-^  Uyud^mo 


47 


WJ 


Hyimrmi  family  of  a  house,  household  Cs. 
—  Hyim-fsdn  id.  —  Hyim-fs^r  Glr,  51,  10, 
usually  Hyim-mfsh,  /cyim-mfses-pa^  fem. 
Hyim-mfsh-ma  neighbour.  —  Kyim-hdg^ 
/cyim-zldy  Uyim-U  'a  zodiacal  day,  month, 
year'  (?)  Cs.  —  Uyim-sa  earth,  dust,  diit 
(in  a  house),  sweepings  W.,  ^k^yim-sa  du- 
ce^  sputi'ce  to  sweep  (a  floor),  to  sweep 
together. 

Uyim-nya  ScL:  whale  (if  at  all 
correct,  it  must  be  taken  as  my- 
thological signification,  no  Tibetan  having 
ever  known  of  the  existence  of  real  whales), 
pq-  /*yw,  Icyu-bo  Cs.^  Icyu-mo  Pth,  fiocl(,  herd, 
§  lug-Hyu  a  flock  of  sheep,  Trvdzd-Tno-hfu 
a  herd  of  bastard  cows,  yndg-Uyu  of  hom- 
ed cattle;  Uyu  skdn-ba  to  keep,  tend  a 
flock  or  herd;  company,  band,  gang,  troop, 
mi'Kyu  Cs.  a  company  of  men,  bu-Tno-Icyu 
a  bevy  of  girls,  dtnag-Uyu  a  troop  of  sol- 
diers; Uyu-nas  Jriid-pa  to  exclude  from  the 
company  Pih.y  C;  Kyu-snd  ^dr^-pa  to  go 
before,  to  take  the  lead  of  a  troop,  a  flock 
Mil.;  Vyu-mMg  bell-wether;  also  the  most 
distinguished  amongst  a  number  of  men, 
the  first,  chief,  head  Pih.y  Uyu-mcdg-ma 
fem.;  Uyu  fsdgs-pa  vb.n.,  Sch.  to  collect, 
to  gather  in  flo<is.^*^'|^^•g,*(3*<^dp>'^.>C|  .^^^ 

15'  %«^  Sch.  'ell',  prob.  incor.  for  Ih^. 
B'S^  %t^6yw^  ace.  to  Lex.  =  ku-hu. 
igsrr  Uyug  v.  Jiyug-pa. 

pqr-  Uyun  (Sch.  also  Icyun-mo)  the  Garuda 
'S  bird,  a  mythical  bird,  chief  of  the 
feathered  race.  Kyun-hog-ban  =  pyag-rddr. 
|nr-r;FjC'  Uyun-dpyad  a  small  round  bas- 
!^  "^  '  ket  of  reed  Cs.;  Kyuh-ril  is  said 
to  be  in  C.  a  large  cylindrical  basket,  the 
same  as  kun-diim  Ld.^  v.  rkdn-pa. 
mj^'^x-  Uyun-sd^  ('Garuda  claw')  Med.^ 
§  ^  Cs.:  n.  of  a  medicinal  root,  pseu- 
do-zedoary;  Jcyuh-rgdd  Med.  id  (?). 

W^'  Uyud  V.  Jcyud'pa. 

^^  Uyudr-mo  rim  of  a  vessel  Sch. 


48 


H^'*I*n'^'  Uyur-mid-pa 


P 


ig* 


Ura 


1 


mX'fjC'n'  ^yur-mid'pa  to  SWalloW  Med,; 
^  '  ^xfiir-mid'du  son-ste  su£Fering 
himself  to  be  swallowed  (from  the  story 
of  an  Indian  idol)  Pth. 

(5^'  %W5  wall-side  Ts.  (?) 

gi-  /eye  1.  for  %«^  Mil.  —  2.  for  /'^  q.v.; 
^  Uye-nio  v.  A^^. 

R'^'  k^ye-ma  n.  of  a  disease  Jl/<?d. 

feo'  %^  (diminutive  of  ley d-bof)  1.  male 
'^^  child,  Infant  boy.  2.  youth,  adolescent  B. 
fer*  %^cipers.  pron.2nd.  person,  thou,  and 
^  ^  particularly  in  the  plur.  you,  in  B, 
eleg.,  in  addressing  superiors,  but  also 
used  by  superiors  in  speaking  to  inferiors, 
and  even  contemptuously:  /eyed  Itd-bui  md- 
robs  such  vulgar,  mean  people,  as  ye  are 
DzL  —  /eyed-/cyi  thy,  your.  —  /eyed-^dn 
(/cyed-nyid  seems  to  be  little  used)  thou 
thyself,  you  yourself;  plur.  particularly 
expressed :  /cyM-cagy  /cy^dr^marm,  /iyed-fso; 
dge-fsul  /iyid  ynyis  you  two  Getsuls  Glr,; 
/iyed  ysum-po  you' three  (a  mother  speak- 
ing to  her  sons)  Glr,;  /iyed-cdg  you,  when 
speaking  to  one  person  Glr,,  —  nyidntag, 

^^  /eyed  \,  ^  /iyid  W.  2.  v.  Jcy id-pa, 
E^    %^-ft  Pur,  he,  she,  v.  /eun-ti, 

fe^^  Uyehs  v.  /cebs, 

giw  /iyem  (Sch,  also  /eem)  a  Shovel,  W,: 
^  */cyem  dan  pdn-ce*  to  shovel  away, 
to  remove  wath  a  shovel;  /iyim-gyi  ^ddb- 
ma  the  blade  of  a  shovel,  yn-ba  the  handle 
of  it  6s.  —  gi'U'/vyhn,  cU'/cyim  W,  oar, 
Ica^fs-Kyhn  spade;  me-Uyem  fire-shovel; 
wa'le-y&m  a  scoop,  hollow  gutter-shaped 
shovel  6s.;  Hyem-bu  spoon  6s. 

R^'   liyer  v.  jeyi-ba;  /eyh^-so  v.  Jiyerso, 

fg^  /iyo  B,  frq.,  also  /iyo-po  Pth,  1.  man 
^  (seldom).  2.  husband,  /cyo  byid-pa  ('to 
act  a  husband'  cf.  byed-pa  I.  \)  to  take 
a  wife;  liyod  nai  /cyo  mi  byed-na  if  you 
do  not  marry  me  Dzl,  —  /iyo-med  single, 
unmarried.  —  /cyo-^w  wife  Cs,  —  /iyo-hiig 
husband    and  wife,  married  couple;  /cyo- 


hug  ynyis  grogs-nas  son  these  two  married 
people  went  together;  Syo^ug  mdzd-ba- 
mams  a  loving  couple;  /eyim-bdag  /iyo-sug 
ynyis  the  citizen  with  his  wife;  yser-Qia 
/iyo-sug  ynyis  about  the  same  as:  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Serlha;  Uyo-sug-tu  sdu-ba  to  join  a 
couple  in  marriage  Dzl, 

pfm'  ^y^'9^  !•  ^^^  emphatically,  as: 
^  '  s/zyh-im  ita  /lor-pa  yan  /cyo-ga  yin 
we  Turks  are  men,  too;  hero,  /iyo-ga-fa 
id.  —  3.  heroic  deed,  exploit 

jScn-Jf  1^y^9'Po  crooked,  curved,  bent;  C«. 
•^  '        also  cunning. 

jgcn-gr'  /cyog-ton  (v.  /eyo-ga  and  ton)  W, 
^  '        young  man,  youth. 
ffj^cr  /iyogs  litter,  bier  Pth.,  palanquin  6s. 
^  '      also  scaflFold  (?)  Cs, 

rgC^'  ^yon  V.  Uy&h-ba, 

jg^-  Z^oJpers.  pron.  2nd.  person  sing,  and 
•^^  plur.,  thou,  you;  /cyodrkyi  thy,  thine, 
your;  if  plurality  is  to  be  especially  ex- 
pressed, it  is  done  by  adding  ha^:  /cyod- 
cag  Mil,;  occasionally  also  liyod-fmaim, 
cf.  Icyed;  /cyod-^rdn  1.  thou  thyself,  you 
yourself.  2.  thou,  you  (W,  ^/lyo^dn*), 
jq^'  /cyon  size,  extension,  width,  circum- 
•^  '  ference,  area,  height  e.g.  of  Dzambu- 
ling  DzLy  of  the  Sumeru  Glr,,  of  the  lunar 
mansions  or  the  zodiac  Glr,;  Uyon-ydns- 
pa  a  wide  extent,  /iyon-ydns  sa-yii  all  the 
wide  world  (earth);  /cyon-sddm  Cs,  1.  nar- 
row-extent 2.  sum,  contents.  —  /iydn-nas 
thoroughly,  Mydn-nas  mi  sdig^an  thoroughly 
a  sinner;  /lydn-nas  med  not  at  all  6*. 
pw-pw*  /cyom-Zcydm  J.  oblique,  awry,  ir- 
•^  "^  regularly  shaped. — 2.  y.Jeyomrpa. 
jnx  •  l^y<>^  (Cs,  /iy&r-pa)  as  much  as  fills 
•^  the  hollow  of  the  hand,  a  handful, 
cf.  s/cyar;  /iyor  gan,  /eyor  re  one  handful, 
/\yoi'  do  two  handfuls. 
fSoj'n'  l*^y<^l'ba  V.  JSydl'ba'j  /eyds-ma  C.  = 
^  skyds-ma,  s/cyds-mia, 

pr  /era  1.  a  small  bird  of  prey,  sparrow- 
'^  hawk,  falcon,  used  for  hunting,  also  hya- 
/era;  /era-zvr  Sch,:  a  species  of  eagles;  Mrd- 
pa  falconer.  —  2.  v.  the  following  article. 


^^'f^'^'^^y^^^'^^^^y^    /^^--V-     f^(siC<dLy 


o^lK/^l  •^ 


^^  /h-d'bo 


pgrff'  Urd'bo  perh.  also  Urd-mo  piebald,  two 
'^  coloured,  (not  many-coloured,  which 
is  btrd-Jfa);  rgya^stdg-lcrd-bo  the  streaked 
Indian  tiger  MiL;  *fa-fd*  C,  id.;  *fa^cO' 
pi'WOy  fa-si-^-si*  W.  id.  (spelling  un- 
certain); naff '/era  black -spotted,  so  that 
black  is  the  predominating  colour  of  the 
whole;  dmar-Urd  red-spotted,  red  being 
the  predominating  colour.  —  The  signi- 
fications of  the  various  compounds  of  /ra 
have  all  a  reference  to  the  peculiar  effect 
produced  on  the  eye  by  the  blending  of 
two  or  more  colours  together,  especially 
when  seen  from  a  distance;  so:  Wra-cam- 
m^  Glr.  is  said  of  a  rainbow-tinted  meteor, 
Ura-lam^-w^i  MiLj  (or  Uiam-Tniy)  of  a  similar 
phenomenon,  Jh'a-^em'C&m  Pth,  of  a  flight 
of  birds;  ^ia-Mmrse^  ia-cem-nne^  ta-chn-se* 
C,  ^cam-i  d'i  ir'i'Ti^  Ld,^  Hor^ig^fftf'  ia^Jciff' 
ge,  ier-rdg-ge*  C,  —  all  these  seem  to  be  of 
nearly  the  same  import.  —  These  com- 
pounds have  also  assumed  the  character  of 
an  adverb,  signifying,  together,  altogether, 
Icrorme-r^  MiL  id. 

pryj-  Urd-^ma  1.  Cs.  register,  index.  —  2. 
^  C\  judicial  decree.  —  3.  a  species  of 
grain,  ace.  to  Wdn.  =  mgyogs-nds  a  kind 
of  barley  growing  and  ripening  within 
60  days;  v.  nas, 

war  ^^^  (}^  Bal,  still  pronounced  ^Ura^ 
'  '  elsewhere  V^*)?^'**' rcsp.  «AM-7nf«a/, 
Mood;  ^nal'idg^  hah-idg*  W,  vulg.  blood 
discharged  by  menstruation,  from  which, 
ace.  to  some  authorities,  ^pan-idg^  blood 
of  the  childbed  is  to  be  distinguished; 
yzm-lcrdg  healthy,  nourishing  blood  Cs,; 
noeJ-^ro^  bad  blood  Cs.;  Ura^  ^ddn-pa,  W, 
*t6n^c^^  to  bleed  a  person;  ytdr-ba  id.; 
iVdgr  j-bddrfa  to  stop,  to  stanch  the  blood; 
h'ag  cddrfa  vb.  n.  to  cease  to  bleed,  ces- 
sation of  bleeding;  ^nyin-idg  JldUla  ra^ 
W,  I  feel  my  blood  boiling,  e.g.  from 
ascending  a  steep  hill;  Urag  ^dzdg-fa  men- 
struation (the  plain  undisguised  expres- 
sion): Utajg  idg-fa  clotted  blood,  gore  Cs.; 
Kroff'^aS'}!^^  plethoric  Med, 

Comp.    Mrag-ol^rugs    Sch.:    agitation, 
flatter,  orgasm  of  the  blood.  —  Mj^dg-ban 


mm 


bloody,  e.g.  ral-gH,  —  Urag-yhdd  n.  of  a 
medicinal  herb  Jl/<?rf.,  Icrag-cags-rtd  a  'blood- 
bred'  horse,  i.e.  a  real  horse,  opp.  to  a 
metaphysical  one  MU,  —  l^rag^Jtun  a  class 
of  terrifying  deities  Thgr, —  ^idg-fun-bu* 
W.  leech.  —  Ihag-yz^  W,  rheumatic 
pain  (?)  —  k^rag-rd  clotted  blood  (?)  Med, 
—  Krag-lin  a  clot  of  blood.  —  Urag-hdi* 
hemorrhage,  bloody  flux  (?)  Med, 

Icrag-Urig  one  hundred  thousand 

million,  an  indefinitely  large  num- 
ber 6«.;  ace.  to  Lea.  «  hot  one  million, 
cf.  dkrigs-pa, 

Urag-RrugCs.  complicate,  Gonfused; 

Zam,:   like   a  troop  of  fighting 
men,  or  like  the  loose  leaves  of  a  book, 
when  out  of  order. 
m^  1irag.lMg  LtJ 

Wis'  /i'ran  v    m/cran, 

pqrw  /tTod-pa  Cs,  stretched  out;  Urdd-por 
'*^  '  sddd-pa  to  sit  (with  the  legs)  stret- 
ched out  (?).  Urdd'por  skgS-ba  Wdn,  a 
botanical  term  applied  to  the  leaves  of 
plants. 

rnn-  Ifrab  shield,  buckler;  coat  of  mail, 
'"^  scales  ScL;  ace.  to  oral  communi- 
cation the  word  in  the  first  instance  denotes 
scale  (scale  of  a  fish),  and  secondly  coat 
of  mail;  consequently  /^rdb-dan  1.  scaled, 
scaly.  2.  mailed,  armed  with  a  coat  of 
mail;  Urdd-nnUan  armourer  Glr> 
mrvmrv  Urab-lcrdb  1.  a  weeper,  one  that 
l-T^  I-^T*  g}igjg  tears  on  every  occasion 
Sch,  —  2.  Ma,  92,  4? 
pw-iq-  l^dm^Ka  a  cut,  a  notch  (in  wood), 
'^  '  lines  cut  into  wood  so  as  to  cross 
one  another,  as  an  ornament;  Krdm^hin 
a  club-like  implement,  carved  in  the  man- 
ner just  mentioned,  representing  the  at- 
tribute of  a  god.  nyag^Krdm  a  notch, 
pw-q-  Krdrrwpa  I.  C, :  a  liar,  slu-J)ar  by^d- 
'  fai  Urdm-fa  PUi,;  Krdm-^ma  fern. 

Cs,;  Ua-Urdm  a  lie  Mil,;  Mrdm-^ems-dan 
lying,  mendacious  Mil,  —  II  W,:  1,  lively, 
brisk,  quick,  like  boys,  kids  etc.  (the  con- 
trary oiyUn-pa  slow,  indolent,  apathetic); 
*fdm-^a  do*  W,  a  wish  of  good  speed,  ad- 

4 


50 


^' 


Krai 


V 


f5f  Krhn* 


dressed  to  one  going  on  a  journey,  such 
ae:  good  success!  may  all  go  well!  —  2. 
mode^  attentive  to  the  wishes  of  others, 
fmr  l^ol  (Lea;,  ^^  punishment)  1 .  pun- 
'^     ishment,  chastisement  for  sins,  visita- 
tion ;  in  this  sense  the  word  is  said  to  be 
used  still,  but  much  more  frq.  it  signifies 
2.  tax,  trilmte,  duty,  service  to  be  performed 
to  a  higher  master;  Uralsdu-ba  to  collect 
taxes,  cjaUbay  skdr-ba  to  pay  taxes,  bkdl- 
ba  to  impose  taxes;  dnuUkral  money-tax, 
tax  to  be  paid  in  money,  Jyru^lcral  corn- 
tax,  tribute  paid  in  corn,  tU-mdr-'/lrcd  tax, 
tribute  to  be  paid  in  sesame-oil. 
ft*  AW  (Cs.  Uri-maX  Uri-Krdg,  Uru-M  ten 
^^    thousand,  a  myriad,  tiri  pyed  dan  ynyis 
15  000;  nyi'M  20000;   A;h- AW  40000; 
brgyad-Kri  bii^tdn  84  OOO,  a  number  frq. 
occurring  in  legends, 
j^  AW,    also   AWtt,   seldom    Uri-bo^   resp. 
'^  bht^'Uri,  seat,  chair;  throne;  couch; 
frame,  sawing-jack,  trestle  etc.;  ^gya-i^ 
an  Indian  (Anglo-Indian,  European)  chair; 
ids-Uri  a  professorial  chair,  pulpit  Pth,^ 
reading-desk,  table  for  books,  school-table; 
*ny4-fi*  (v.  wiyi-ba)  a  contrivance  to  rest 
the  head  on  when  sleeping  on  the  ground 
W,  nydl-Uri,    resp.  yzim-Uri^  bed-stead; 
s^n-ge-Uri  throne;  AH-to  bskd-ba   to  raise 
on  the  throne;  AW-Za  Jidd^a  to  preside, 
to   hold   the   chair.  —  As   the    Tibetans 
generally  sit  on  the  bare  ground,    or  on 
mats,  or  carpets,  chairs  are  rather  articles 
of  luxury.  '     -      •         c'  r    . 

Comp.  and  derhf.  Kri-ydugs  po.  the 
sun.  —  Uri-paCs,  a  chairman;  one  sitting 
on  a  throne.  —  Kri-^pdn  1.  Cs,:  the  height 
of  a  chair,  a  high  chair.  —  2.  mcod^rt^- 
gyi  KH'o'pdn  the  same  as  ban-rim,  —  Uri- 
mvn  or  7n6n  Pth.^  Tar,^  prison,  dungeon.  — 
^iir-Hn^  iivr^m*^  the  common,  plain  word 
for  chair. 

j^-ia^-q-  AW-fe-ia  fear  C.  (?) 

jfeofrfeor  Urig-Urig  1.  «o  Urig-l^rlg  bt/Sd^pa 
'^  "^'to  gnash,  grind  the  teeth  Mil,; 
yzirgs-po  to  shiver,  shake  with  cold,  terror, 
rage  Mil,  —  2.  col  for  tig-tig. 


Krigs  plentiful,  abundant  Sck,;  zor 
^6g  Urigs-ie  silk-fabrics,  silks,  in 
abundauce  MU,;  Urigs-se  gan  quite  full 
Sch, ;  Krigs-se  bgSd-pa  to  treat,  to  entertain 
plentifully  Sch, 

1^-.  gj^..  AW^,  ^Icrid,  instruction,  teacb- 
H  1 '  I'S^  jpg.  ^^  ^d^-pa  to  give  in- 
struction, to  instruct,  /Md^as-^og  I  am 
willing  to  give  you  instruction,  you  may 
have  lessons  with  me  MU.;  Urid  bkdd-pa 
to  give  instruction,  to  make  admonitory 
speeches,  to  give  parenetical  lectures;  Urid 
zdh-po  thorough  instruction;  slu-lirid  in- 
struction to  an  evil  purpose,  seduction,  v. 
slu-ba;  sna-Zhnd  Lex,  guide,  leader.  — 
UridrmKan  col.  teacher.  —  Icridrj^nSig  scho- 
lar, pupil.  —  Krid-pa  v.  Jiridrpa, 

[^  Krvms  1.  right,  not  in  the  abstract 
sense  in  which  the  word  is  gene- 
rally understood  with  us,  but  in  more  or  less 
concrete  applications,  such  as  administration 
of  justice,  law,  judgment,  sometimes  also 
implying  custom,  usage,  duty.  Accordingly 
rgydl-po^  or  btivn^  Urims-mSd  means  an 
unjust  king,  an  unprincipled  priest  or  ec- 
clesiastic; AWms  bitn-du^  Urims  dan  miufir 
pan'  conscientiously,  justly;  in  conformity 
with  custom,  duty,  law;  foB-Krims  religious 
right,  coming  nearest  to  our  abstract  right; 
when,  for  instance,  in  Ghr.  king  Sron- 
btsan-sgam-po  says:  rgydl-Mrims  l^-Krim- 
8u  bsgyur  1  have  changed  the  right  of  a 
king  into  that  of  religion,  he  means  to 
say:  I  have  subjected  my  own  absolute 
will  to  the  higher  principle  of  universal 
right.  A  somewhat  different  sense  conveys 
Glr,  97,  4:  ios-Urims  c^ig-pai  gros  byas 
they  conspired  to  extirpate  the  religious 
principle  of  administration.  —  2.  law,  dge- 
ba  btu  dan  Iddn-pai  Krima  a  general  law, 
founded  upon  the  ten  virtues  Glr,;  dm 
^ds-Urims  dan  rgydl-Hrims  ynyis  ytdn-la 
pab^  he  regulated  the  spiritual  and  secular 
law  Glr,  97,  1.;  bka-Urims  resp,  law,  as  a 
collection  of  precepts,  decree,  command- 
ment; krinm  Hd-ba  to  enact  a  law,  to  pub- 
lish a  decree,  frq. ;  AWw?«  sgrdg-pa  to  pro- 


51 


rtrU 


^   Urm 


claim  an  edict;  mfd^ha  Krims^kyis  ynon 
he  h'mited  the  power  of  the  nobility  by 
laws  G&».,  Urims-yig  code  of  law  C, ;  Urims 
also  a  single  precept,  rule,  commandment 
Dzl;  Bum.  I,  630.  —  3.  administration  of 
JHllice,  iSds-kyi  Krims  the  ecclesiastical, 
dfdn-gyi  Urims  the  secular  civil,  exercised 
by  the  Mms^dpon;  lugs  )'nyi9-kyi  /Mms 
a  twofold  jurisdiction,  a  combination  of 
the  ecclesiastical  and  secular  administration 
of  justice  (as  it  existed  among  the  Jews); 
krims  srun-ba  to  observe,  to  act  according 
to  right,  custom,  duty;  also  to  exercise 
jurisdiction,  to  govern,  to  reign;  to  bridle, 
to  keep  in  check  Glr,  95.  9.;  /hims  by^d- 
fa  id.  ni  f .  —  fstd-Urms  a  spiritual  pre- 
cept or  duty ;  also  a  frequent  man's  name. 
—  4.  action,  lawsuit,  W,  also  ""Um-hags* 
or  only  *hags;  gan  iig  iim-si  pi-la*  W. 
for  the  sake  of  some  law-suit,  *t'wi  tan- 
h^  to  sit  in  judgment,  to  try,  to  hear  causes; 
*/fe»  ^j^'-pa*  C.  =  *fim  tan-h^  W".,  means 
also  to  pass  sentence,  to  punish.  Him  dag- 
po  M-wa*  to  inflict  a  heavy  punishment; 
mi 'la  Urims  -  bdad  pog  he  incurs,  suffers 
punishment  Pth.;  *t'im  iu-t^  W,  to  go 
to  liaw,  to  commence  an  action;  *ftm  iu^ 
San*  W,  plaintiff;  Him  tdn-fian*  W,  ma- 
gistrate, judge;  Urims 'dpon  £.,  C,  W., 
superior  judge,  chief-justice;  *tim-b/iddg' 
po*  C,  id.;  hrims-yyog  apparitor,  beadle 
Cs.;  Icrrms-pa  lawyer,  advocate  Cs.  (seems 
to  be  little  used);  Urims-kan  court,  court 
of  justice,  tribunal;  AW7w«-7*a  id.;  place  of 
execution.  —  5.  use,  custom,  usage  —  that 
power  to  which  people  in  general  show 
the  readiest  obedience,  and  which  in  every 
sphere  of  life  forms  the  greatest  obstacle 
to  reforms  and  improvements.  * 


§ar  UrU 


^UrU. 


Kris?  Uris-cjdgs  peace,  v.  cjags. 

BT  Ifru  (Kriir^ma  Cs,)  cubit,  a  measure  of 
>c  eighteen  inches,  from  the  elbow  to  the 
extremity  of  the  middle  finger.  The  aver- 
sige  height  of  a  man  is  assumed  to  be 
ibur  cubits,  that  of  a  short  man  three.  — 


Uru  c^aU)a  to  measure  with  a  cubit  mea- 
sure  08. '  '  .,   .  ,     ,       '    .,       )   -. 

13'^  Uru-^a  sometimes  for  Jirurba. 

ig'^^nS^  Uru-yzdr  a  kind  of  stew-pan  Sch. 

|n^z^  Uru^log  a  pit  filled  with  com(?) 
'^^  '  ScL;  in  Mil.  Uru-sUg-pa  stands 
for  digging,  breaking  up  the  soil,  gardening, 
par-pir-  Uruh'Urun  (Ssk.  if^)  crane,  Grus 
'^    ^      cinerea. 

1^  Urun  heiglit,  length,  extension  Lea.,  Cs. 

rmv  Ural  1.  Ural  yton-ba  to  let  fall,  to 
^3  drop  (several  things  at  intervals), 
mci-ma  tears  MU.  —  2.  ^da-ftil^  W.  Inter- 
calary month. 

•nq-'gj^  Urtil'po  C.  1.  cheerful,  merry.  — 
!S         2.  fornicator. 

raoi'JI'  Urul-m^  1.  W.  */cu'wa  ful-ma* 
-^  crooked  handle,  crank  (spelling  un- 

certain). —  2.  C.  a  whore. 
pw-pw-  h^um-Urimiy  Sch.:  /frum-Urim 
-^  ^  byM-pa^  Lt:  UrumnUrum  brdun- 
ba  to  pound  in  a  mortar, 
pw^-igr'  UrumS'Stod^  and  -smad,  two 
^  ^  ^  Nakshatras,  v.  rgyiu^kdr  ^. 
mtr  Urus  1.  pf.  of  JirU'ba.  —  2.  sbst. 
^  bath,  washing,  ablution;  Krus-Uu,  water 
for  bathiog,  washing  or  rinsing;  dish- 
water; Urus  byid-pa  to  bathe,  to  use  baths 
DzL;  Krus-la  ^gi^d-ba  to  go  to  bathe  DzL; 
kTus  ys6l-ba  resp.  to  take  a  bath  Glr.^  also 
to  administer  a  bath  to  another  (cf.  ysoU 
ba)  Glr.^  Pth.;  esp.  as  a  religious  cere- 
mony, consisting  in  the  sprinkling  with 
water,  and  performed,  when  a  new-bom^ 
infant  receives  a  name,  when  a  person 
enters  into  a  religious  order,  or  in  diseases 
and  on  various  other  occasions  (cf.  Schi. 
Buddh.  p.  239,  where  the  word  is  spelled 
bkrus).  Therefore '3.  baptism,  and  Krm  /sol- 
bato  baptize 6'Ar.  R.  and  P. —  krus-kj/i  rdzin^ 
pond,  pool  for  bathing;  Urus-Udn  batbing- 
room  or  house;  Urus-sd^r  basin,  washing- 
bowl  Sch.;  hhruS'bum  sacred  watering-pot; 
/Irus-yiM  bathing-tub  Sch.;  Urus-fhir  bath- 
ing-water ScA.,  but  in  Lt  this  word  re- 


A^  ^J<  -^^  -^JixM'To^'.  ^^j  4  •  4  ?c> ' 


52 


g-  l^re 


lates  to  a  certain  medical  procedare  or 
method  of  caring. 

g|-  /ire  (SsL  fireTY)  niiHet,  Ure-Mn  Mur- 
'*^   wa-beer  /S«A.,  v.  Hook,    HimaL  Jouum, 

jl'^'  ^^.fe^  Chinese  vermiceili  C.  Cie-ts^). 

E^^pr^'  Icregs-pa  v.  mJirigs^a, 

jnoj'  ^^^^>  resp.  fuffS'/crSl  1.  shame,  shame- 
'^  facedness,  bashfulness,  modesty;  V<?Z 
kdb-ce*  W.  V.  g^bs-pa,  —  2.  piety,  esp.  PT. 

—  3.  C,  disgust,  aversion. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  —  Urel-gdd  a  scorn- 
ful laughter.  —  Urel-can  Cs,  bashful,  ti- 
mid; W,  pious,  faithful,  conscientious.  — 
Icrel-ltdSy  IcreUltm^  dread  of  wicked  actions; 
Urel-ydon  (lit.  a  face  capable  of  shame) 
id.  —  *i il-doAlrbanj  ieUJIx>d'can*  W,  fond 
of  making  others  ashamed.  —  UreUlddn  = 
IcrJl-dan,  —  Krel-ba  vb.  to  make  or  to  be 
ashamed,  *ielsoh*  he  was  ashamed,  *iil' 
be  mi  yon*  W,  he  is  not  put  to  shame; 
C.  also:  to  get  into  a  passion;  sbst.  shame, 
Urd'ba  dan  no-fsa-ba  med  he  has  no 
shame  nor  dread  DzL^  ^iil-wa  yod*^  W, 
it  is  a  shame.  —  HreUmid  (-pa),  W,  */crel' 
mSd-  (/can)  shameless,  insolent.  —  *f^l'^Q* 
object  of  disgust,  C,  —  /crd-yod  Chastity, 
modesty,  decency,  /irel-yod-pa  chaste  etc., 
/iril-yodrpar  byed-pa  to  behave  chastely  etc. 

—  /crel-^dr  =»  /Irel-m^d. 

j^'Xf  /cr^-po  T/igy.  load,  burden,  «=  *wr. 

jg^  /cro  1.  a  kind  of  bronze,  of  about  the 
'"^  same  quality  and  worth  as  ^/kdr-ba, 
but  inferior  to  fo',  q.v.;  /ird^hi  liquid,  melted 
bronze;  /crd-cus  sdom^a  to  fill  up  joints, 
grooves  etc.  with  melted  bronze,  to  solder 
Glr,  —  2.  kettle  Sc/ir,  />      .'     . 

j^q'  itrd-pa   W.  for  /crod. 

jgr-,  /cro'ba  1.  anger,  wrath,  (cf.  Jir6-ba 
'  vb.)  frq  ;  /i&h'/trd-ba  inward  anger 

T/igy,  —  2.  angry,  wrathful  6's.;  /rrd-bar 
byid-puy  ^gyur-ba  to  be,  to  grow  angry  6s. ; 
/ird'boj  fem.  /ird-mfw  angry,  fierce,  ferocious, 
e.g.  ycan-yzdn  a  ferocious  beast;  esp.  ap- 
plied to  the  54   (or  60)  deities  of  anger 


and  terror  (S|x^),  e.g.  /ird-ba-lin-po  = 
yHn-rje  the  ruler  of  hades;  ^i^o-^tum^po* 
furious  with  rage,  raging  with  anger  C: 
/cro^ynyh*  distortion  of  the  fae^  by  anger; 
/crd-ba-may  /ird^a^ban  she  whose  face  is 
wrinkled  with  anger,  n.  of  a  goddess  Gh, 
17, 12.  —  Vonfd*  W,  dissatisfacb'on,  grumb- 
ling. —  /irO'Tndn  Sch,  prison  (perh.  /cri- 
mdn).  —  /cro'^l  an  angry,  frowning 
countenance  Glr. 

g^-  /crog  f  —  /Srog  brgydb-pa  to  drink 
'^  '  hastily,  to  gulp  down  Glr. ;  /crog'/crog 
plump!  the  sound  caused  by  something 
falling  heavily  on  the  ground  W.  —  /crag- 
itmdn  the  raw,  unprepared  substance  of  a 
medicine  Sc/i. 

ipnyif  /Irdg-po  botanical  term,  used  of 
'^  '  leaves  standing  round  the  stem 
scattered  or  alternately. 

S^-P-  i^ron-n^  upright,  sfa*aight,  erect,  (cf. 
/cronj  Glr.,  MU. 

^^'^^/cr6h'po,*f6n'po*  Ts.  close-fisted, 
'*^        stingy. 

fiSrVCJ')  ^^^od('pa)y  W.  *fd  (-pa)*  crowd, 
i^^^  assemblage,  mass,  muKitude;  nu- 
Urdd  a  troop,  crowd  of  men,  ri-llrdd  an 
assemblage  (mass)  of  mountains;  rtsva* 
/crdd  a  heap,  stack,  rick  of  hay;  nags-lcrdd 
a  dense  forest,  mun^/crdd  thick  darkness; 
dur-Zcrdd  cemetery  where  the  corpses  are 
cut  into  pieces  for  the  birds  of  prey;  dei 
/i^rdd-^u  Uwr-ycig  cjdg-pas  placing  the  prin- 
cess among  their  (the  girls')  compaLy 
Glr. ;  in  W.  *f6^ai  ndh-na*  and  *ndn'^u* 
c.  genit.  is  the  usual  expression  for  among. 
jn^  /cro7i  claw,  fang;  Irdn-kyis  rkd-iaisde 
'"^  the  class  of  the  gallinaceous  birds  S.g. 
gfrq-  /ir&n-pa  1.  well,  spring.  —  2.  Lk: 
'^  a  wooden  water  kennel;  /irdn-fm  a 
little  well;  also  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb,  a 
purgative  against  bilious  complaints  Med. 
/i-roU'-rdgB  enclosure  of  a  well  Sch. 
^^/crom  1.  market-place,*  market- street, 
'^  bazar;  /irom  dcdr-ba  to  wander,  to 
ride  round  the  market  Glr.y  to  ramble 
through;  yaan^snaga  krom-du  /dog  secret 
spells  (magic  formulas)  are  read  in  the 
market  (a  crime  and  sacrilege  in  the  eyes 


jgar^f  Icrdm-po 


P 


53 


$jpQ^'  mJla 


of  a   Buddhist).  —  2.    crowd   of  people, 

multitude  of  persons;  Mrom-i^dn  a  great 
crowd ;  tsdgs-pai  k'r&m-marm  the  assembled 
crowd  Pih.;  jpo-Hrdm  a  multitude  of  men; 
f^cJr-lcr&m  prob.  an  assembly,  a  gathering 
of  kings  MU. ;  Urom  dmar-ndg  Jcyil-ba  a 
moUey  crowd,  throng  of  people  JPS^. 

Comp.  —  Brdm-cen  (po)  Thffr.  chief 
market-place,  principal  street  6«.  —  Icr6m- 
dpon  overseer,  police-officer  who  is  char- 
ged with  the  supervision  of  the  market. 
—  Mm-skar-ma  harlot,  strumpet  6s. 

mfUr  UrdTHr-po  Glr,y  n.  of  a  province  (?), 
^        Icr&mrp(hpa  an  inhabitant  of  it. 

Brom-me  sparkling,  glittering,  zil- 
pa  Uromrm4  a  sparkling  dew-drop 
Pth. 


Ifroms  V.  ^griTnrpa, 

Hor  Urol  1.  V.  JcrdUba  and  ^(^rdUba,  —  2. 
^  a  sound;  Ih^dl-gyu  son  Qlr.  (the  ring) 
slid  sounding  (across  the  azure-floor);  /crol- 
d6h  is  said  to  denote  a  large  hand-bell, 
and  KroUldg  the  same  as  Urog-lcrdg  W.  — 
Ct  Ml-ba.  —  3.  kettle  (?)  v.  Idags. 
Hjl-Hq-  Urol-lirdl  €^j  1.  bright,  shining, » 
^  Brol-po,  —  2.  UroUlcrdl  byid^pa 
Gir.,  *mig  tol-U  fol-U  td-wa*  C.  to  stare, 
ky  at 

p^x'  Uril'ca  the  act  of  forgiving,  pardon 
och, 

jz^^  Irrdl-^o  1.  sparkling,  glistening,  dazz- 
ling,  e.g.  water  when  the  sun 
shines  upon  it;  *^od  fdl^*  W,  brightness, 
splendour.  —  2.  distinct,  intelligible,  *(8J!P^- 
ra  i6l-po  zer  mi  de(8)  W,  he  cannot  speak 


m^  Urdl-^mo  W.  brittle,  fragile,  opp.  to 
mnyen-po, 

^^^^PV^  Krol'fsdgs  Lex,y  Cs,  a  sieve. 

^^r  Irrds-pa  v.  ^Ifro-ba. 

m^m/cariy  an  affix  to  substantives  and 
^  verbal  roots,  denoting  1.  one  who 
knows  a  thing  thoroughly,  making  a  trade 
or  profession  of  it,  sa-w/a/i  one  who  knows 
tbe  country,  the  road,  a  guide,  a  pilot  {DzL 


:?^,  7);  Idm-mUan  id.  MU,\  hin^mEan, 
worker  in  wood,  carpenter,  joiner  etc.  — 
2.  affixed  to  a  verbal  root,  it  is  often  (at 
least  in  later  literature)  equivalent  to  the 
periphrastic  participle,  signifying:  he  who 
in  any  special  case  performs  an  action; 
so  (^ddgs-mllan  Glr,,  one  who  is  binding, 
fastening;  also  with  an  objective  case: 
iiai  bu'Tno  jidd-mlian  Glr.  such  as  are 
courting  my  daughter;  bsdd-m/can  the  man 
having  killed,  the  murderer.  —  3.  In  col- 
loquial language,  esp.  in  TT.,  it  has  on 
account  of  its  more  significant  form  en- 
tirely displaced  the  proper  participle  ter- 
mination in  pa:  *dun-7na  Mger-tt^an^ni  w«* 
W,  the  men  carrying  the  beam ;  contrary  to 
its  original  signification,  it  is  even  used 
in  a  passive  sense:  *sdd-Uan-ni  hi^  W, 
the  slaughtered  sheep. 

M^x••2f  'f^t^dn-po  (Ssk,  ^qrwrer,  vfwrfO 

'  '  a  clerical  teacher,  professor,  doctor 
of  divinity,  principal  of  a  great  monastery, 
abbot,  who,  as  such,  is  endowed  with  the 
mXan-rgyudy  or  spiritual  gifts,  handed 
down  from  Buddha  himself  by  trans- 
mission, viz.  dban,  luhy  Icrid;  next  to  him 
comes  the  slob-dpon^  or  professor  in  or- 
dinary, mlidn^po  fdn-mi  sdmbho^ta  Dr. 
Thon-mi  Sambhota ;  mJkdn-Tno  mista*e8S,  in- 
structress 6'^.:  mtcdn-bu  pupil,  scholar  Tar,; 
TnMan-lSen  a  great  Doctor,  a  head-master; 
mUan-Mb  for  inJidirr-po  dah  ddb-dpon,  e.g. 
bld'7na  mHan-sldb^kyi  bka  the  words  of 
the  Lamas,  abbots  and  mastery;  also  for 
mUdn-po  dan  sUb-ma  Glr,  100,  4.  —  mMari' 
rdbs  the  series  or  succession  of  the  abbots 
in  the  great  monasteries  Cs.  —  mKan-rim 
the  respective  prospects  of  being  elected 
abbot,  as  depending  on  the  different  ranks 
of  the  expectant  individuals. 
^nqq-  mUa  (Ssk.  v^i)   1-  heaven,  heavens, 

'  gen.  nam-mHa;  mk'a-la  in  the  hea- 
vens, mUd-la  pur-baj  rgiju-bay  Idrn-ba  to 
fly,  wander,  soar,  in  the  air.  —  2.  ether, 
as  the  fifth  element.  —  3.  symb.  num.: 
cipher,  naught 

Comp.  —  7nlca'kl6/'iy  mKa-^kydby  mHa- 
dbyins  the  whole  compass  or  extent  of  the 


A' 7-4^  '^.'■\ H '•^(3/     r.\-fu. ^fecu. ■ , 


A4 


'  ^  ^  '^o  k...^,  oL^  'tt:-^  ^->^'  "-^  p^"^-^  t4<. 


heavens  (7«, 


»ip^*  mKar 


P 


-  tUf  ^^ 


'S^mKyen^pa 


—  mtfa-^^rd-may  in  J/tZ. 
mHor^chma,  Ssk.  ^tlftiiR^  fabulous  beings 
of  more  modem  legends,  'wise'  women  of 
supernatural  powers,  sometimes  represent- 
ed like  angels,  at  other  times  like  fairies 
or  witches.  —  mUa-mnydm  Lea:,  like  the 
heavens,  infinite.  —  mHa-ldin  the  sky- 
soarer,  the  bird  Garuda,  v.  ki/un,  —  m/ca- 
spydd  wanderings  through  heaven  Tar, 
112,  4,  also:  enjoyment  of  heaven,  en- 
joying or  inhabiting  heaven;  m^a-spyod' 
du  y^^ffs-pa  to  go  to  heaven,  to  die  AfiL 
^ijmx:  wj^a^  1-  resp.  shirmMr,  Glr,,  casUe, 

^  nobleman's  seat  or  mansion,  manor- 
house,  frq.;  citadel,  fort  Pth,;  house  in 
general  MU.  —  2.  termin.  case  of  mk'a, 

Comp.  —  m/car-dpdn  governor  of  a 
castle,  commander  of  a  fortress.  —  mKar- 
Ids  C.  and  B,y  the  work  of  constructing 
a  castle,  of  raising  an  edifice;  ^Har-Un* 
W.  id.  —  mHar-sTun  the  guard  or  garrison 
of  a  castle,  fortress  Cs,  — 
jjpqx-n'  mUdr-ba  1.  (also  oAfar-6a)  B.  and 

'  C,  etaff,  stick;  mkar-ysU  staflF  of 

the  mendicant  friars,    the  upper  part  of 
which  is  hung  with  jingling  rings;  pyag- 
micdr  resp.  for  mUdr-ba.  —  2.  bronze,  bell- 
melal,  v.  Jdr-ba. 
SPW$r  ^'^^"^^  Iddney,  reins,  mlidl  mdog 

'  'kidney-colour,  dark  red'  Cs, 

jnq«r^  mUds-pa  Ssk.  mr,  (originally  like 

'  aoq)6g)  skilled ;  skilful,  in  mecha- 

nical work,  and  so  it  is  frq.  used  in  col. 
language;  further  in  a  more  general  sense: 
smdn-pa  mfds-pa  a  skilful,  clever  physi- 
cian ;  experienced,  learned,  prudent  shrewd, 
wise;  c.  accus.  or  dat.,  in  a  thing;  so-6ts- 
la  in  farming,  cos  in  religion;  sUb-ma 
sky6n-ba4a  mKds-pa  an  able  tutor,  peda- 
gogue Mil,;  mJcas-btsun^zdn  prop,  denotes 
the  qualities  of  a  right  priest:  learned, 
conscientious,  good,  but  sometimes  it  in- 
dicates only  the  position  in  society,  the 
clerical  rank,  so  esp.  mlras-b^m  learned 
clerics,  reverends  Glr,,  mUds-po  or  -pa  a 
learned  man,  a  scholar,  sndn-gyi  mi'ds-po- 
nutms  learned  men  of  former  times;  micas' 
grib  id.,  rgya-gdr-g^fi  mSas- grub -mams 


Indian  scholars;  it  is  also  used  like  oar 
'most  wise',  'very  learned',  and  similar 
expressions  in  a  pompous  address  Glr,; 
mHas-mSdg  profound  scholar  Zam,  I  never 
found  the  word  applied  to  inanimate  things 
in  the  sense  of  'wisely  contrived',  and  the 
correctness  of  Cs,:  tabs  mUds-pos  'by  wise 
means'  may  be  questioned. 
5jp(5'Cf  mJlun-pa  Sch,  v.  Hun-pa, 

S|p^'^  m/iur'isds  v.  Hur-fyds. 

M^fn*  ^wXy-6a  desirable,  to  be  wished  for, 
'  m/cd'bai  yo-byddj  in  C,  also  *&- 
jh§*j  desirable  things,  requisits,  wants, 
desiderata;  *}dndur'ten^gyi  nd-la  Ud-w§  tson- 
z6g*  articles  of  commerce,  goods,  commo- 
dities, such  as  they  are  called  for  in 
Hindostan;  nyi-bar  m/cd-ba  indispensable, 
most  necessary.    Cf.  Jro, 

5Ip5^fi|^  mlios-pdb  Lex,  v.  Jcos, 

^xraxrir  micyiidrpa  Cs,:  to  keep,  to  hold, 
H  '  to  embrace,  =  Jiynd-pa;  dpe- 
mlbyudLea,  w.e.;  Cs,:  unwillingness  to  l«id 
books,  dpe-mlcyud'ban  unwilling  to  lend 
books,  dpe-mKyud  byedr^  to  be  unwilling 
to  lend  books;  m/cyud'Spydd  a  sort  of  bag 
or  vessel  for  carrying  something  (?);  sor- 
cery, witchcraft  Sch. 

M^yy  mMyen-pay  resp.  for  ^^-pa,  rig-pa^ 
^^  gd'ba,  io  know,  yab-yikm-gyis 
mUyht-par  mdzddrcig  my  esteemed  parents 
may  know  Dzl,;  to  know,  one  man  from 
another,  rgydl-po  mtcyen-tam  does  the  king, 
does  your  majesty  know  the  .  .  .  ?  (the 
king  himself  will  answer:  nas  his^so)  Dd. 
It  is  frq.  used  of  the  supernatural  per- 
ception of  Buddha  and  the  saints,  bsdm- 
pa  ddg-par  mUyhi-pas  as  he  (the  Bodhi- 
sattwa)  perceived  the  sentiments  (of  his 
scholar)  to  be  sincere  Dzl,;  mUySn-par 
gydr-to  perceived,  found  out,  discovered; 
to  understand,  m^yen  sdh-nam  did  you 
understand  it?  mUyen-rgyd-han  possessed 
of  much  understanding,  very  learned  MU,; 
mKyifi'ldan-ydnS'pa  profoundly  learned; 
mJcyen-brts^  Glr.  prob. :  omniscient-merciful; 
fams-cad-mlSfhi  all -knowing,  a  later  epi- 


•.  t 


/     ,.K 


thet  of  Buddha;  ye-mHyiriy  mnon-mHyin  = 
j»-«^,  mnon-seM,  —  fugs'inky^  is  known 
to  me  only  as  a  sbst  abstr. :  the  knowing, 
knowledge,  prophetic  sight,  r^e-htsun-gyis 
fug^-mHyin-gyii  yzigs-pa  Idgs-sam  has  your 
reyerence  seen  by  your  prophetic  sight'? 
MiL;  ace.  to  C«.,  however,  sku-mHySny  ysun- 
mHySn  and  tugB'mHy&n  are  identical  in 
meaning  with  mUyen-mKyiny  a  form  of 
entreaty  which,  as  a  Lama  told  me^  pro- 
perly has  the  sense:  you  know  yourself 
best  what  is  good  for  me!  In  accordance 
to  this  explanation  we  find  in  MiL  after 
an  entreaty:  bUx-ma  Uyed  mfcyen-m/lyen. 
It  is  gen.  added  without  any  connecting 
word,  like  our  pray,  or  please,  but  some- 
times it  is  construed  with  the  inf. :  mdzdd- 
pa(r)  mHyen-mHy^y  please  to  do. 

wpqrYfl'N  rnHran  (-ba)y    also   AJraw  hard, 
1^  solid,  compact;  ^rd-mU^^dn-ban 

^^gyur-med  Thgy.  firm,  hearty,  sound,  of  a 
strong  and  robust  constitution.  —  Tntirdn- 
pa  denotes  the  fourth  stage  of  the  devel- 
opment of  the  foetus  Thgy. 

'$r  mUHg-ma  the  wrist  of  the  hand. 
w  ^iig^a*  col.  W,  (also  Bunan) 

rq-  mlMs-pa  B,  and  C.  {Ssh  fipH') 
bile,  gaH.  —  1.  the  vesicle  of  the 
gall,  the  gall-bladder,  as  part  of  the  intes- 
tmes.  —  2.  generally:-  the  substance  of 
the  bile,  the  bilious  fluid,  which  ace.  to 
Indo-Tibetan  philosophy  is  connected  with 
the  element  of  fire,  and  which,  conform- 
ably to  its  functions,  is  divided  into  five 
species,  of  which  physiology  gives  the 
oddest  details.  —  m/crta-ndd  bilious  disease; 
mbis'tBod  prob.  biUous  fever;  grdn-m/H^ 
a  feTerish  shivering,  a  chill. 

*W^$r  mUriS'ina  Lex.  w.e.,  perh.  =  ^/cris. 

mjmr^'  micrdgs-pa,  W.  *tdg'mo*  (Ssk. 
JTPO  ^^^^f  fifW*,  e.g.  snow;  *go- 
idg^an*  W.  obstinate,  stiffnecked,  stybbom. 
(Mj^'q*  j^dn-ha  (not:  to  put  a  fault  or 
crime  on  another  C«.,  but:)  to 
iMrt  or  offend,  to  annoy,  to  vex,  tmr-la  Jean 


V 


55 


OpwrCJ'  Jiun-pa 


we  cause  vexation  to  ourselves  (by  mind- 
ing too  much  the  affairs  of  others);  Jiah 
animosity.  Jean  man  there  occur  many 
'Collisions,  quarrels  Mil.y  dpon^sldb  re  ^MaA 
Jyyun  there  arise  mutual  differences,  ani- 
mosities, between  masters  and  scholars  MH. 
Qjqrw  J'dd-pa  eep.  W.  1.  to  sit,  to  sit 
^  '  firm,  rtai  Md-ru  on  the  back  of  a 
horse.  —  2.  to  remain  sitting^  to  sticl(  fast, 
to  be  stopped,  kept  back,  e.g  of  a  bird, 
myius,  in  a  snare;  rkdn-pa  Jidd-de  ^^gy^l- 
ba  to  get  entangled  with  the  foot  so  as 
to  fall;  sgo  Jiad  ^dug  the  door  sticks.  CJf. 
also  Rad-fa  and  hkad-pa. 

qjzg3;j'Cr  J^^'^M^^  l-  to  faint  away,  to  swoon. 
'  —  2.  Sch.  also:  to  take  into  one's 

mouth. 

Mq^fl'  o^^-^  I-  sbst.   1.  staff  V.  mKdr' ai/'f>^ 
^  ba.  —  2.  bronze,  bell-metal,  Jidr- 

(bad)  H  molten,  liquid  bronze,  Jfdr-bai 
rrU'lan  a  metallic  mirror;  Jcar-rnd  gong, 
used  in  India  and  China  instead  of  bells; 
Cs.:  a  drum  of  bronze;  yet  it  is  rather  a 
large  bronze  disk,  producing,  when  struck, 
a  very  loud  sound  like  that  of  a  bell.  — 
Jlar-yidn  a  dish  or  basin  of  metal;  J^ar- 
zdM  a  metallic  kettle.  —  II.  vb.,  in  C.  the 
same  as  Jidd-pa.  —  2.  in  W.  intrs.  to 
dgar-ba. 

Qm^'Onrq-  Jldr-Jlu-ba  to  resist  Sch. 

CyZM'n*  J^'dl'ba^  pf.  and  fut.  (imp.  lcolf)y 
^  W.  *kdl'ce*  1.  B.,  C,  W.:  to  spin, 

baly  wool,  skud-pa  a  thread,  srdd^bu  yam. 
—  2.  W.  to  send,  to  forward,  things. 
Qpq-q-  ^R^'ba  to  offend,  insult,  Bhar.  {Lex. 
ND      =  iftf  JDJ^y);  J^'J^,  ace. 

to  the  context,  denotes  certain  passions 
that  disturb  the  tranquillity  of  the  mind, 
such  as  malignity  and  covetousness;  JUdn-- 
ba  is  synon.  —  Cs.'s  'to  emulate,  contemn, 
hate,  long  for',  and  Schh  *pride'  I  am 
not  able  to  verify. 

Omgrq-  Jtim-pa  to  groan,  to  fetch  a  deep 
>o  sigh,  not  so  much  as  a  sign  of 
pain  or  sorrow,  but  rather  as  a  mere  phy- 
sical deep  and  hollow  sound  Med.;  Jcun-- 
sgras  Mn-pa  Kens  he  filled  the  house  with 


56 


QjnSTCI'  Jf^m-pa 


P 


^S^ 


J6d-i 


pa 


groan  ings  Pth,;  sddn-bai  dgrd-la  yi^ag  Itar 
Jfun  he  groans    (grunts,  bellows)  'like  a 
yak  against  a  fierce  enemy  MiL 
Q-q^.«-  JUmt-^a  pf.  VsUTm  (cf.  skum-pa) 
>o  to  shrink,  to  be  contracted,  e.g.  of 

the  limbs,  by  gout;  ^yiir-ra  rai't-zin  ^um- 
be  yin*  W,  the  ditch  will  get  narrower  of 
itself;  fcums-pa  shrunk,  shrivelled,  con- 
tracted; fig.  reduced,  restricted,  deprived 
of  power. 

onMJJSJ'CJ'  o^^^^^^'P^  ^^*^'  *^°^  ^*'  ^^  com- 
>o  prehend,  understand;  Sch,  also: 

to  practise,  to  impress  on  the  mind. 
ara^'n'  o^^^^'"*^  !•  ^^^*  ~  Mr^a,  pastry. 
>o  11.  vb.,  pf  and  fut.  /.W,  rarely  bkur 
(v.  bkur-ba)  1.  to  Carry,  convey,  l^ur(-m) 
^Kur-ba  to  carry  a  load ;  mi  t^g-far  Jiiir- 
ba  Med.  to  carry  too  heavy  loads,  prop 
to  carry  what  one  cannot  carry;  *liur  ^off* 
C,  *Uurky(yfi*  W.  bring!  fetch!  *«t*r  sow* 
C,  *lcu7*  Uyer*  W,  take  away!  carry  off! 
Jiur-du  fdgs'te  taking  up  in  order  to  carry, 
taking  on  one's  back  DzL;  *ldg^ar  l^ur^ 
c^  W,  to  hold  in  one's  hand.  —  2.  to 
carry  away  or  off,  ro  Jiur-ba  Pth.^  to  carry 
away  a  corpse;  to  take  along  with,  in  W. 
eveii :  to  pocket,  ^sem-la  /cur-ce*  W.  to  take 
to  heart;  *'d^n£  Jiur-ce*  to  take  a  wife, 
to  marry.  —  Jiur-tag  carrying-girth,  rope 
or  strap  Thgy.    Cf.  Aw,  Hur-ba  etc. 

Qp^'^Wf  Jx^r-fsos  v.  Ihir-tsos, 

qmai'q*  J^^^-^^  ^^  subdue,  to  subject  Cs, ; 
N»  Sch,  also:   to   be  uneasy  about. 

I^xr,  yydg-tu  Jiul-ba;  v.  also  thd  3.  Zam,; 
Krai  Jiiil-ba  perh.  to  force  a  tax,  a  rate, 
on  a  i)erson. 

C^fim^-q-  o%«-P«  pf-  %« *o  hinder,  stop, 
^      '  shut    off,    debar,    lam  the  way 

Mil.;  p4tar  bkag  inin  ma  /c^gs-pas  Mil.y 
although  they  prohibited,  tried  to  prol>. 
him),  he  was  not  prohibited;  rgyaL-bai 
pydg-gis  kyan  mi  Uigs-pa  MiL  not  being 
hindered  even  by  Buddlia's  power. 

Q^^'ZX  Jf^''^-P^y  pf-  ^^'^'^  t®  •>©  full, 
^  his  kens  yod^pa  Glr.;  blo-gi'ds 

ma  U4hs  -  te  his  mind  not  being  satiated 
Tar.  135,  13. 


Qj^q-q-  o^^*-P«  pf-  ^^*»?  to  cover,  to  spread 
^  over,  yortS'SU  Mbs'te  being  covered 

all  over  Stg. ;  Ua  fams-lad  Kebs-te  over  the 
whole  fax^e Stg.;  to  overshadow Dzl.  >S5, 17. 

oraa^'n'  o^^^^-*«  pf-  ^'^^  l.  to  put  on,  to 
^  load,  topackon,  =oy^Z-6a;  bcu-fdg 

Kel-na  when  the  ten  stories  or  lofts  shall 
have  been  put  on  Mil.nt.  2.  to  spin,  = 
Jdl'ba  C,  Glr.  [ 

oSffl'  o^^^-*«  (vb.  to  mlid-baX  to  wish,  to  \ 
^  want,  to  think  useful,  serviceable,  | 
necessary,  to  have  occasion  for  Mil. ;  Jx^- 
ste  ^oit  he  will  be  able  to  make  use  of  it 
MiL;  *^kda  mi  Jio*  or  *^K6'ce  med!^  W.  I  ] 
do  not  want  it,  I  do  not  like  it;  Jio-bjed  i 
fit  for  use,  useful.  j 

Qfficn^q-  J(6gs'pa   weak  from  old  age,       | 

'     '         decrepit,  decayed;  rgan  or  rga^-      \ 
Jldgs  id. ;  sno  -  kdg^  skya  -  /%  (sic)    Jligy. 
with  a  complexion  blue  or  pale  from  old  age.       ^ 
qKC'CT  o^'^^^-^^  (cf«  sg(^i'ba)  to  contract 

'  one's  limbs,  to  sit  in  a  cowering 

position,  to  squat;  to  hide  one's  self;  dpa 
Jc6ii-ba  to  become  discouraged,  dishearten- 

ed  r%. 

oK^'  mir  o^^j  ^^d  1-  surface,  super- 
'  ''  '  "  ficies;  sat  JKod  mydms-pa  to 
remove  inequalities  of  the  surface,  to  level, 
to  plane,  Jidd  -  8ny(yrm  -  pa  levelled,  made 
even,  plain;  also  fig.:  bdr^gyi  Uod  snyomM 
gaps  were  filled  up,  i.e.  distinctions  of  rank, 
wealth  etc.  were  done  away  with,  not  in 
consequence  of  a  revolution,  but  as  an  act 
of  kindness,  forced  upon  the  people  by  a 
despotic  government.  —  2.  a  mill-stone, 
*yd'/ig'*  the  upper  stone,  *md'Kg^*  the 
nether  stone  C. 

QMr-q-  Jcdd^a  to  sit  down,  to  Sit;  bar- 
^  '  sndn  -  /a,  suspended  in  the  air, 
floating,  soaring,  frq.  of  gods  and  saints 
in  legends ;  rgyal - srid -la  to  have  been 
raised  to  the  throne  Tar.;  to  live,  to  dweU 
DzL;  gen.  used  like  a  passive  to  ^6drpa 
to  be  put,  placed,  established  (in  virtue,  in 
a  doctrine,  ==  to  be  converted  to);  gleg^- 
bdm-du  to  be  put  down  in  writing,  to  be 
recorded   Tar.  Cf.  Jidd-pa. 


p 


^pi.-q' 


57 


Ji6r-ba 


ggji-q*  JUn-pa  {Lexa,   have  a  pf.  AAfon)     etc.,  which  the  soul,  when  passing  into  a 

1^  1.  C.C.  datiy  to  bear  a  grudge  or 
ill-will  afj^aiost  a  person,  to  be  dissatisfied 
with  a  thing;  Jidn-nas  when  they  (the 
states)  were  at  war  with  one  another  (opp. 
to  mt^n-nas  in  peaceful  relations)  Glr,; 
JUn-med-par  honestly,  without  insidious 
intentions,  e.g.  in  negotiations  Glr. ;  ?08  dan 
^Sdn-fa  to  wish  to  keep  aloof  from  reli- 
gion, or  to  have  done  with  religion;  in  a 
special  sense:  to  be  tired  of  the  clerical 
profession  Glr,;  Jldn^higs-paj  Ji&n-du 
^dzin-pa  =  J(6n-pa;  ^Hon  res  by^d-paSch, 
to  quarrel,  prob.  more  accurately,  to  have 
a  spite  against  each  other.  —  JUdn-po  dis- 
tension, discord  Sch,  Cf.  Itdn^a.  —  2.  C. 
=  Jiar-ha  11. 
g^  Jc6b  Sch.  barbarous,  rough,  rude,  gen. 

'^  combined  with  mfa^  mta-Jidb,  with 
or  without  yuly  barbarous  border  -  country. 
So  the  Tibetans  always  designate  their  own 
country,  in  comparison  with  India,  the 
holy  land  of  Buddhism,  as  being  mfa-J^db 
gd-ba-can.  The  rarely  occurring  yan-Hdb 
seems  to  indicate  a  still  more  distant  and 


new  body,  cannot  take  along  with  it  Thgy.; 
it  is  also  used  for  a  single  servant  or  at- 
tendant (Cs.  has  Jt&r-po  or  Ji&r-pa  male 
attendant,  and  Jf&r-ma  female  attendant), 
JioT  yiig  Mil.;  J'or  ynyis  two  attendants 
Glr.^  hence  Jlor-mams  sometimes  for  do- 
mestics, household  servants;  but  if  ^^or  with 
a  numeral  is  preceded  by  "fUd-bo^  or  a 
similar  noun^  this  preceding  word  is  ace.  to 
the  Tibetan  mode  of  speaking  included  in 
the  number  given,  so  that  ytsd-bo  JHor  Ina 
should  be  translated:  the  master  and  four 
attendants  (not  five).  —  2.  instead  of  ^Kdr- 
bay  or  Kdr^h^  esp.  in  compound  words;  fo- 
JUdr  =  lo-skdr  a  cycle,  comprising  a  space 
of  twelve  years. 

Comp.  Ji&r-mUan  attendants  Glr.  — 
Ji&r-Jbdm  subjects  (Js.  —  Jior-yydg  =  Jl6r 
retinue,  servants  etc.  —  ^dhun-Kdv^  C.  wait- 
ing man,  valet  de  chamber,  =  sku-nuMn-- 
pa  which  is  the  respectful  word  for  it.  — 
nan-^Kor  household  servants,  domestics.  — 
^Kor-gyd^  W.  latch.  —  Jfor  -  ^dds  v.  sub 
I'dr-ba  n. 


erer,  it  is  explained  by  Uydb-pa. 
qj2^-  /or  1.  circle,  circumference;  the 
'  persons  or  objects  encircling,  sur- 
romiding  (a  certain  point  or  place);  Iti- 
ha  dim  dei  Jldr-mofmA  the  navel  and  the 
circumjacent  parts  Med.;  ^de-Udr-lcf  W. 
thereabout;  nye-Ji&r  v.  nye;  more  esp. 
retinue,  attendants,  Jior  dan  blas-pa  (^^. 
f^frO  ^^^  attendants,  suite;  ^Ifor  mdm- 
pa  ta  Tar.  frq.,  the  attendants  of  Buddha's 
hearers,  divided  into  four  classes  (viz.  in 
the  earliest  times:  dge-sldn^  dge^sUn-may 
dge-my^y  and  dge-snyM-ma;  at  a  later 
period :  nyan-fdSy  ransans-rffydSy  byan-hib- 
thnt'dpay  and  so-sdt  skyi'lxMmaTM  q.v.) 
JicT  dgrorbbdmrpas  bsk&r-te  surrounded  by 
the  retinue  of  the  Arhants  (v.  dgra-bb&m- 
pa);  JUr-du  bsdits-so  he  gathered  them 
nmad  himself  as  his  retinue  DzL\  also 
fig.:  the  train  of  thoughts,  reminiscences 


ning,  flying  etc.)  round  the  .  .  .  Glr.'^  esp. 
of  the  successive  transmigrations  of  me- 
tempsychosis, V.  II;  mgo  Jior  my  head 
turns,  I  am  getting  dizzy,  confused;  also 
I  am  duped,  cheated,  imposed  on,  KyH- 
kyi  Hasbydn-gyts  ned  mgo  mi  Jior  we  are 
not  to  be  taken  in  by  the  volubility  of 
your  tongue  Mil.)  to  pass  away,  to  grow 
full,  to  be  completed,  h^iis  Jidr-ba-^na  when 
one  year  was  past  Glr. ;  srds^kyis  lo  Jidr-- 
te  when  the  prince  had  completed  one 
year,  was  one  year  old;  *da  bit-Ion  Kor*  W. 
now  the  debt  is  entirely  paid  off,  cleared; 
*llor  mi  fub*  it  cannot  be  paid  off;  *mi 
lior*y  the  sum  is  not  full,  not  sufficient  to 
cover  the  debt;  to  walkabout,  roam,  ramble 
W.;  to  return  from  a  journey,  to  come  home; 
*rdn-la  H&r-ba*  to  come  or  fall  back  (on 
the  head  of  the  author,  originator);  to 
come  together,  to  contract,  to  gather,  e.g. 

4* 


58 


qjq^-c^  >r-t^ 


p 


^P^'^^'  J^-r^^ 


clouds,  frq.  water,  *Uoi  M-hi  Kor*  W,  it 
makes  his  mouth  water;  dgrd-Jx>  JUyr  Mil, 
enemies  are  collecting  (we  create  ourselves 
enemies);  also  impersonally:  *Uor  son*  it 
has  become  cloudy;  ynam  l^or  the  sky  is 
getting  overcast,  clouded;  therefore  even 
to  arise,  to  be  produced,  formed,  zil^a  Jior 
dew  is  produced,  yyd^  rust,  even :  lus-la 
sras  ^Hor  a  child  has  been  formed,  pro- 
duced, in  the  womb  Pth,  — 

n.  sbst.  1.  the  turning  round  or  a- 
bout  etc.;  more  particularly  2.  the  orb  or 
round  of  transmigration  within  the  six 
classes  of  physical  beings.  Though  the 
Buddhist  has  not  a  more  ardent  wish,  than 
to  be  finally  released  from  the  repeated  wand- 
erings of  the  soul,  yet  he  believes  so  firmly 
in  these  migrations,  that  he  will  rather  fol- 
low the  doctrines  of  his  philosophers,  and 
doubt  the  reality  of  the  perception  of  his 
senses,  than  thmk  it  possible,  that  the  whole 
theory  of  the  JcSr-ba  with  all  its  conse- 
quences should  be  nothing  but  a  product 
of  human  imagination.  —  Jldr-har  Jc&r-ba 
to  turn  round,  to  wander  about  in  the  orb 
of  transmigration;  Ji&r-bai  btson^a,  ^dam^ 
mtso  the  dungeon,  the  swamp,  the  sea  of 
the  Ji6r~ba;  Jidr-ba^las  Jtm-pa  to  escape 
from  the  Jcdr^ba^  =  to  enter  into  the  Nir- 
wana  Jidr  -  Jixxz  1.  abbreviation  of  the 
foregoing.  2.  for  Jidr-ba  dan  ^das-pa  the 
stay  in  the  Jcdr-ba  and  the  escape  from 
it ;  Jior  ^das  ynyis-su  nas  ma  w^on  I  have 
not  seen  that  there  is  a  difiFerence  between 
these  two  MU. 
Q^5^•W^^  o^'^-y^  a  wall,  rampart  C«.,  v. 

Qpiv'^rpo;  u&r-ryd  c\  latch. 

d^^df  /(^-to  (Ssk.  ^TO,  ?ri3w)  1.  circle, 
^  fsdgS'Ja/i  Jidr-h  ofiTerings  arranged 

in  a  circle,  v.  feojrs:  Ji&r-lo  Jbri-ba  to  de- 
scribe a  circle  Tar.  More  frq.:  2.  a  cir- 
cular body,  a  disk,  roll,  wheel,  any  modi- 
fication of  the  cylinder,  bbu-ysum-Jidr-lo 
the  column  on  the  ml^d-rUn  consisting 
apparently  of  thirteen  circular  disks ;  Jidr- 
lo  brtsfib-brgydd  the  wheel  with  eight  spokes, 
a  frq,  attribute  of  deities;  rdza-mMn^gyi 


JiArAjo  potter's  wheel;  tds-iyi  JUT4o^^r9»y 
ing  -  cylinder,   cf.  below;   also   a  compli- 
cation of  wheels,  wheel-work,  engine,  j^riiir 
(jgyi)  Jidr^'lo)  'magic  wheel',   a  phantas- 
tic   attribute  of  gods,    but  also  any  real 
machine  of  a  more  ingenious  constructioD, 
e.g.  sugar  -  press   Stg,^  electrical  machine 
etc.;   M-fsod-JUdr^h  a  clock;  kvA-rta-^kor- 
lo  waggon,  carriage,  also  cart-wheeL  — 
Figuratively :  bdi  -  ba  dan  sdug  -  bsndl  -  gyi 
Ji&r^lOy  vicissitude  of  fortune;  duA^kyiJUr- 
^  (mii'^Jt)    ace.    to    Cs.'^  Chronological 
Table  (Oj.'s  Gram,  p.  181)  a  later  philo- 
sophical system,  contained  esp.  in  the  rUor- 
rgyitdy  Mulatantray  in  which  the  Adibud- 
dha  doctrine,   prophecies,  chronology  etc 
are  propounded.     It  was  introduced  ioto 
Tibet  about  1000  p.  Chr.;  cf.  also  SchL 
45.  —  JUdr^lo  sgyur-bay  or  skdr-bay  with 
ids'kyiy  to  turn  the  wheel  of  doctrine,  =■ 
to  preach,  to  teach  religion,  (vulgo  under- 
stood only  of  the  turning  of  the  praying- 
cylinder);  *'S^hyi  K&r-lo  Uh-mcyr  ie'-j?a*  G, 
to  devote  one's   self  to  the  preaching  of 
religion.     On    the   other  hand:    ^Kdr-lM 
sgyur-bai  rgydl-po  (f|l^filn)   WHL:  'a 
ruler,    the   wheels    of  whose  chariot  roll 
everywhere  without  obstruction,  emperor, 
sovereign  of  the  world,  the  ruler  of  a  ^ 
kra^  or  country  extending  from  sea  to  sea'. 
In  this  Indian  explanation   two  different 
etymologies  are  given,  the  former  of  which 
is  undoubtedly  the  original  one.  Buddhism 
and  the  Tibetan  language  have  added  a 
third  signification,  'praying-wheel';  modem 
scholars  a  fourth,  that  of  the  'orb'  or  round 
of  transmigration  or  metempsychosis:  hence 
the  confusion  attaching  to  the  import  of 
this  word. 

Qra^*9^  */5t>r-%*  is  said  to  be  used  in 
^  '   col.  language  instead  oi  Ha^-ld 

3.   W, 

Qji^-^  Jidr-sa  =  skdr-lam  v. skdr --ba  I, 
^  extr.;  JUdr-sa  bdr-pa^  ^Snrpo  Gbr. 

QJ^'^^^W'  o^^'y^^'^y  li^-  three  circles, 
^  '^  Ssk,  trvmcuidala;  Sck,:  'every 
thing  that  belongs  to  archery' ;  more  cor- 
rectly: arrow,  knife,  and  spear. 


^  boil,  to  be  boiling,  ht  Uol  the  water 
is  boiling;  JHol  jug-pa  to  make  boil,  to 
set  to  the  fire  for  boiling,  =  skdl-ba;  to 
ferment  (dough),  to  effervesce,  to  sparkle 
(beer)  W,  —  11.  pf.  bkol,  imp.  Mol  1.  to 
oblige  a  person  to  be  a  servant  or  bond- 
man, to  use  as  a  servant;  in  full :  bi^an-du, 
^^  Ty^'^y  oA!oZ-6a;  therefore  bran-Kdly 


C\g^'^'  o%^*« 


99 


Tar,  153,  15.  —  Jcydm-Uyi  a  vagrant  dog. 
—  Ji\fdim-fo  1.  a  vagabond.  —  2.  n.  of  a 
disease  Med,  —  3.  erroneous  Tat,  —  hi 
Jiydmrfa  inundation,  flood  Ma, 
qjM-q-  Jcydr-ba  to  err,  to  go  astray,  to 
'^  deviate  from,  ^yan  Mydr-la  ma  ?a* 
Ld,  do  not  step  out  of  your  rank!  do  not 
absent  yourself!  ^Kyar  dogs  yod  one  should 
be  afraid  of  going  astray  Thgy,\  dpe  Jiydr- 


idUpo  servant,  man-servant:  bkol-spydd-kyi  po  a  defective  simile;    fsig  Jcydr-po  an 

sdug-bsndl  the  calamity  of  servitude,  cur-  inadequate  designation.  —  In  Tar.  48,  4 

rent  expression  for  designating  the  lot  of  dpe  Jiydr-po  is  translated  'epitome'  by 

animals;  yhdn-dag^gis  dbdn-med-par  bkdU  Schf,^  but  the  whole  passage  is  somewhat 

6a  to  be  enslaved  by  others,  to  be  com-  obscure. 

pelled  to  do  slave- work   T%.;  dg^-bat  ^j—j.^- ^^^^^  j^  ^  ^^^^  ^^ 

IdS'la  bkdUba   to  make  a  person  minister  ^ 

to  works  of  virtue.  —  2.  to  save,  to  spare,  afi'q*  J^-^^^Kv^^-  *°  incorrect  read- 

to  enjoy  vrith  moderation  Cs.,  ziir-du  ...  ing  for  J^^'^^- 

^  '       bind  (a  prisoner,  a  bundle  of  straw 


bbH-ba  Lea, ;  Sch. :  saved,  laid  up,  put  by. 
—  3.  Sch,:  to  become  insensible,  to  be  a- 
sieep,  to  get  benumbed,  in  reference  to  the 
limbs;  seems  to  be  used  in  Med. 


etc.);  *ky^  (v.  ske)  *Uyig^(f  C.  to  strangle, 
suffocate. 


Qffi^  Jos  1.   a  also  Jds-ka  (cognate  to     agrrorcT  °%^«-P^   *®    comprise,   encom- 
^       o^6a),  worth,  value,  importance  C«.;       ^  '         paw  ^^-^  v-  pan-pa. 


JU^-han  important,   mighty,  of  great  in-     afi^'^T  o^iP^'P^^  ^^*--  ^  J^^'P^  *® 
fluence,  Jios-m^d  the  opposite  of  it.  —  2.        '^  ^       turn  or  roll  one's  eyes. 
^-m^ab^a  clyster  /SrA.;   one  J^ex.  has     afis^J^^'CT  o%'^-P^^-  to  be  encircled  with 
nfos^dby  w.e.^^'^'^r'^*^  ^cA^^y^v>//6^i^e;^<l  i|^  ^  haJo,  as  the   sun  and    moon 

sometimes  are  Cs. ;  ^og-Jiyvrm  Lex.  =  irf^fv 
halo;  also  ^a-dd  Jiyims  a  rainbow-coloured 
halo  appears  Pth.  —  2. :  ^na-bur^  or  ^mdig-pa 


Q^(?^)-- 


"."^^ 


►•q*  J^^gW'P^  1  -to  freeze  (of  water, 
earth,  provisions);  to  coagulate, 
csngeal  (melted  fat  etc.).  —  2.  to  feel  cold, 
Jcydgs-na  gds  gyon  if  you  feel  cold,  put 
on  clothes  Glr.y  ^Hyag  )hu7f  C,  *Kydgssa 
raf  W.  I  feel  cold;  J&ydgs-gri  a  feeling 
cold,  a  shivering  (cf.  Itdgs-grt)  Mil.;  ^Kydgs- 
ia*  W.  id.,  the  cold  fit  of  the  ague.  — 
Jcyags-^iim,  JHyag^-r&m  ice  Olr.\  JHyags- 
Mm  snow-shoe  Sch. 

nijKrq*  jcydmrfa  to  run  about,  to  wander, 
^         e.g.  cd-medyiil-du  in  an  unknown 


UyimSy   d'dd'pa  Kyims*^  fog,  smoke,  COmes 
floating  on. 

qfii^'q'  ""f^ir-ba  to  turn  round  in  a  cir- 
^         cular  course  6«.,  Lea;.  :ydug8  JHyir- 
ba  to  turn  a  parasol  round  (?). 

QiBaj'q'  o%^''-*«  v*>.  n.  1.  to  wind,  to  twist; 

•^  dun  yydssu  J'ytl'ba  a  triton  or 

trumpet-shell,  wound  to  the  right,  and  then 

considered  particularly  valuable,  these  shells 


country  Glr.;  Jdr-bar  in  the  orb  or  round     generally  being  wound  to  the  left;^of  the 


of  transmigration,  v.  Jidr-ba'^  Jlydm^te  nai* 
fin  hddg-pa  Hg  one  who  lives  as  a  va- 
gabond Dzl.'^  di-dag-ni  mdm^ar  Jcydm- 
pao  they  are  mistaken,  on  the  wrong  track 
Wdn.;  Jcyam-du  .^^ug^pa  to  cause  to  ramble 
or  rove  about,  to  scatter;  Joydms-^a  strayed, 
KMt,  wandering,  vagrant;  erroneous,  erring 


hair:  gySn-la  Jfyil-ba  wound  or  twisted 
(on  the  crown  of  the  head)  Glr. ;  ro-smad 
"^brttl  -  du  JHyil  -  ba  the  lower  part  of  the 
body  being  wound  into  a  serpent  (the 
usual  manner  of  representing  the  '^Zw'); 
^dd'du  ^Hyil'hiny  the  body  enveloping  itself 
in  light  Mil.;  to  roll:  nya  yner-mig  J^yil- 


60 


«,I5'^  o%*-*« 


ba  yod  the  fish  rolls  its  golden  eye  Mil,'^ 
to  whirl,  to  eddy,  to  move  round  rapidly, 
of  the  water,  so  prob.  DzL  ©5,  13;  ^>ce, 
2;  Urom  dmar-ndg  Jiyil-ba  the  motley 
crowd  in  a  whirling  motion  Pih, ;  to  hang  or 
flow  down  in  folds,  of  a  tent  or  a  curtain 
Glr.  33,  12.  —  2.  to  flow  (whirling)  to- 
gether, used  of  rivulets  and  brooks  over- 
flowing so  as  to  form  small  lakes  Mil,\ 
of  persons:  to  meet,  to  flock  or  crowd 
together,  mi  md/t-po  dd-ru  ^Icyil-bar  ffyur- 
te  Pth, ;  ^KyU-hi*  and *cU'llj/il*  col.  puddle. 

QW'^' o%ti-6a,  pf.  Jiytts  to  run  Lex. 

^  ^Bfug-po  a  runner;  Jiyug-yig  run- 

ning hand,  current  hand-writing,  as  is  used  in 
the  writing  of  letters  etc. ;  Jiyug-po  Jiyu- 
ba  Lea.  is  explained  by  Sch,:  to  run  away 
hastily.  The  signification  of  running,  how- 
ever, seems  to  be  obsolete,  whilst  the 
usual  meaning  is:  2.  to  dart  or  sweep  ra- 
pidly along,  &q.  used  of  a  flash  of  light- 
ning, also  of  the  rapid  motion  of  a  fish 
in  the  water  MU,;  of  spectral  apparitions 
Mil,;  of  acute  rheumatic  pains;  of  the 
light:  to  flash,  to  shoot  rays  of  light,  Ura- 
/cyug-Myug-pa  to  gleam,  to  sparkle  with 
light,  to  shine  in  various  colours  I^.; 
ser-Jfyug-ge-ba  glittering  in  yellow  lustre 
Mil.;  to  glitter,  to  shine,  of  the  rainbow; 
to  shine  through,  of  the  veins  through  the 
cuticle  etc.  —  ^Uyug-har-cdn*  W,  hasty, 
hurrying,  careless. 

nmr-q-  Jiydd-fa  1.  to  embrace  frq.,  rngiil' 
T^  ^  nas  Jiyud'pa  to  clasp  round  the 
neck,  to  hug;  to  encompass  by  spanning 
Pth.  and  elsewhere,  .cf.  Jiyigs-pa.  —  2.  to 
glide  in  or  into  (as  serpents),  mndl-du 
Jcyug-pa  of  the  soul  in  the  new  concep- 
tion, like  the  synonym  Jcril-buy  for  ^^itg- 
pa.  —  3.  to  be  able,  *ndd-pa  mdl'Sa-na 
Idn-na*  (instead  of  Ian-bar)  *mi  UytJxT  the 
sick  man  is  not  able  to  rise  from  his  bed. 
—  bios  mi  Jcyud-pa  by  id-pa  Thgy.  (not 
clear). 

Q—-.-.  Jcyur-baCs.:  to  be  separated,  di- 
^  vorced;  Lex.:  bskur-bas  Jcyur-ba, 


therefore  prob.  the  vb.  n.  to  skyur-ba^  to 
be  deserted,  cast  ofF. 
oj^r-fl'  Jiyin-ba  seems  to  be  =  ^ins-fa 
^.        C.  col. 

qj^r-n-  fiy^d'pa  (1.  cf.  ^yedr^a)  6i.  to  be 
^^  distributed,  e.g.  food,  Dzl  —  2. 
C.  and  W.  to  be  sufficient,  to  suffice,  to  be 
enough,  to  hold  out,  *mi  Uyed!"  there  is  not 
enough.  —  3.  C.  to  gain  (a  law-suit),  to 
be  acquitted.  —  4.  pyir  KyM-pa  to  bow 
without  uncovering  one's  head,  as  a  lc§s 
humble  way  of  saluting  Mil.nt. 
nj^x'fl'  JiySr-ba  pf.  Jcyer  (Northern  Ld. 
^  *ISyer8*)y  at  the  end  of  a  sentence 
Uyer-ro  Tar.  and  others,  (6«.  Kyer-tof), 
nearly  the  same  as  JHur-ba;  (the  ipj  of 
the  Lexx. :  to  lead,  to  guide,  does  not  fully 
agree  with  the  sense  in  which  it  is  gene- 
rally used)  —  1.  to  carry  away,  to  take 
away;  ?2^s  to  be  carried  or  swept  away  by 
water;  fig.:  U-los  to  be  overcome,  carried 
away  by  idleness  Mil.;  Ide-mig  Uyer  take 
the  key  with  you!  —  2.  to  carry,  to  bring, 
in  a  more  general  sense,  C.  and  B.:  Icyer 
hog  bring!  Uyer  son  carry  off!  take  away! 
(in  a  like  manner  as  Jitir-ba);  des  hi  blan- 
nas  Uyer  ^dn-bai  Idm-Ua-na  he  having 
fetched  water,  being  on  his  way  to  bring 
it  Pth.;  Uyer-la  hog  bring  me  (word),  let 
me  know  (the  result  of  your  investigation) 
Mil.  -J-  Jiyirso  1 .  appearance,  esp.  a  neat, 
handsome  appearance  of  persons  or  things. 
2.  advantage,  superiority,  pleasantness, 
Mil,  C. 

flgq-q-  JiyeUa  Ld.  to  hit,  to  sbike. 

I'q-  J^<^9'1P<^y  pf-  %<2t^i  imp.  Uyog,  to 
lift,  lift  up,  =  JdgS'pay  figs-pa 
Glr.;  to  carry,  bring,  ^M-jha  Wyof  bring 
in  the  tea  6'.,  cf.  sub  Ua^. 
/QNgcn-Tlf  o%^S^-P^<>r%(>9r-po  crooked,  bent; 
\y\^  I  Jiydg-poi  ri^mo  a  crooked  figure, 
a  curve,  flourish,  crescent  etc. ;  mfa»  par 
JUyog  fsur  Jcyog  byds-sin  the  fish  winding 
its  body,  writhing  Pt/i.;  Jiyog-ban,  J^' 
JUydg  tortuous;  Jiyog-bhdd  a  crooked,  out 
of  the  way  construction  or  explanation.  — 
JUyog  st&n-pa  to  fly  into  a  passion  (?)  Sclu 


Qjgcrpr  o%o^« 


(^g^'q\»na^a 


6\ 


ogi 


c^c 


/'q^grw  o%<>?«  »r  %^S«  palanquin,  sedan- 

id.;  a  lath   or  pole  for  carrying  burdens 

oBSt^'fl'  o%^'ba  pf.  and  imp.  Ifym  to  bring 

qg^q-  Jydm-pa  pf.  ^Ayeww  1.  tO  rock, 
^^  to  wave,  of  a  ship  Schr,^  of  the 
water  Sch.  (not  quite  clear);  *l,-yom'Kyom 
d<hba*  C.  to  reel,  stagger,  "cdh-ghi  i^am- 
pa  dug*  he  is  staggering  under  the  in- 
fluence of  beer;  to  be  dizzy  Med,;  mfso- 
Jhj&m  dizziness,  vertigo  ,j  ni.  f. ;  lug -glad 
ing(hji&r  Jly6m-pa  yso  the  brain  of  a  sheep 
cures  the  swinimiug  of  the  head  (vertigo) 
Med. 

i-q-  Jiyorba  1.  to  miss,  fail,  not  to  hit 
Cs.  —  2.  to  reel,  stagger,  from 
intoxication.  —  3.  to  warp,  of  wood. 

CT  ^/^(^I'ba,  pf.  o%o/,  cf.  skyiUbaj  to 
be  carried,  to  be  brought  (some- 
where) Pih.;  with  ynod'pa  to  be  done, 
inflicted  Mil. ;  to  arrive  at,  come  to,  reach, 
%kurfs4  mfd-ru  the  end  of  life. 

Qi%cr    rQS^•a•^  o%<^-/'«  Copyo^'P^) 

^^  '  ^  ^  ^ScL,  ^Hyds-ma  MU., 
a  present,  gift,  =  /cyds-ma,  skyds-ma. 
Oprq*  o^^^-^^  I-  vb.,  pf.  prob.  ^Kras  tO  lean 
^  to,  to  incline  towards  Cs.;  Jtrdsa 
a  support  to  lean  against,  a  prop,  back  (of 
a  chair)  Lex.  —  11.  adj.  hard,  =  Jcrdn- 
ba,  mkrdn-^a  Sch. 

QXa^q'  Jl^db-pa^  pf.  bkrab  (?),  cf.  also 
^^  skrdb-pay  1.  to  strike,  to  beat,  in 
repeated  strokes,  as  in  swimming  and  row- 
ing; to  thrust,  stamp,  thump,  tread  heavily, 
brejcrab-pa  to  daoce  in  that  manner  MU., 
Pih.  —  2.  to  winnow,  to  fan  Stg.,  col.  *tdb- 
pa*.  —  3.  *mig  tab  fab*  (or  *{ab-tab*) 
*jM-j>a*  a,  *dd'ce*  W;,  to  blink,  twinkle, 
wink  with  the  eyes.  —  4.  *Iia-hdg  iah-be* 
)^.  to  jest,  to  joke,  to  crack  jokes.  —  5. 
^h.:  to  leap,  jump,  Schr.  for  joy.  —  6.  to 
scoop  out,  to  bail  out  Sch.  —  7.  to  fight,  to 
combat  C,  W.. 

^0^flB^'  J^ral-Ji'M  confusion,  disorder. 


w  Jhn-ba^  pf.  Jirky  cf.  dkri-bay  cog- 
nate to  Jril'ba,  1.  to  wind,  roll;  twist 
one's  self,  to  coil  (of  snakes)  Dzl.;  Uyimr 
fdb'lcyi  Jiri-ba  conjugal  embrace  Pih.\  *'6g- 
ma  Hse*  (for  Jlriste)  *ra^  W.  I  have 
a  sore  throat,  prop.  I  feel  my  throat  tied 
up,  I  am  choking;  fig..*  kun-la  Jaris-pay 
either  as  an  adj.  ^ensnaring',  or  as  a  sbst. 
'ensnarer'  =  sin,  cf.  kun-dkris  in  dkri^a; 
Jx^H-Mn  =  Jy^ril'Hn.  —  2.  mostly  as  a  sbst. : 
the  being  attached  to,  given  to,  c.c.  genit. 
(synonym  of  cdgs-pa):  ran-ddn-gyij  to 
one's  own  advantage,  busmddnkyi  to  wife 
and  children  Mil.;  fondness,  attachment; 
ien-Jiris  id.  —  3.  Krai  Jlri-ba  to  impose 
a  tax  C.y  Lea. 

Ofe^rq'  o^^-P«  I-  sbst.  1.  {SsL  f^ryPf) 
'^  '  coitus  (of  the  two  sexes),  copula- 
tion, pairing,  the  usual,  not  exactly  obscene, 
yet  not  euphemistic  term  for  it;  Jtrig-pa 
spydd^pa^  also  Jirig-^dgs  spydd-pa  J5.  and 
6'.,  *iig'pa  bo-ce*  Wi,  to  lie  with  etc.;  Jcrig- 
pai  ^ds-la  rfin-pa  to  indulge  in  lust,  to  be 
given  to  voluptuousness;  Jcrig-skdd  Sch.y 
Jcrig-fsig  Lexx.,  obscene  words,  unchaste 
language;  Jhig-pa  Jyyin-pa  to  talk  smut. 
—  2.  a  sign  of  the  zodiac,  the  twins.  — 
3.  symb.  num.:  2. 

IT.  vb.  1.  to  cohere,  to  stick  together 
Cs.  —  2.  to  be  clouded  (of  the  sky),  yna/tn 
^Urig  the  sky  is  getting  overcast;  also 
Higs  son*  W.  without  a  sbst.,  it  has  be- 
come cloudy,  dull;  ^dd-z^  dan  ^a-^dd 
^k'tig-pa  wrapt  in  rays  of  light  and  the 
splendours  of  the  rainbow  Pth. ;  tan  tarns- 
bdd  mes  Jcrig-pa  the  whole  plain  was 
enveloped  in  a  flame  of  fire  Mil.  Cf. 
dkngs-pa. 

Jcrid  V.  Krid. 


oj^ffw  JcHd^pa^  pf.  /'m?,  fut.iW?,  to  lead, 
1*^  »  to  conduct  men  or  beasts  to  a  place ; 
to  command,  to  head  (an  army);  to  bring 
along  with,  Jirid-de  ma  ^dns-so  he  has  not 
brought  (his  wife)  with  him  Dzl.;  there- 
fore qA^/'m!  equivalent  to  'with':  bu-tsa  Jfrid 
byun-7iajs   coming  out  with  their  children 


62 


C^j§5W  Jirhm 


1 


ogo^'q- 


Gfo".  —  ifo  Jhid'pa  perh.  a  mistake  for 

JcriUba  1.  to  wind  or  coil  round 
(of  serpents),  to  embrace  closely, 
to  clasp  round,  e.g.  in  the  act  of  coition; 
ma  byams  bu-la  Jiril  a  loving  mother 
clasping  her  child  Pih, ;  JiriUmUan  a  plant 
furnished  with  tendrils  or  claspers  W,\ 
^KrU'sin  Wdm,  a  climbing  plant,  creeper. 
—  2.  to  glide,  slip  into,  of  the  soul  when 
entering  another  body,  =  Jiyud-pa.  —  3. 
Ua  JcrU-^a  W,  to  speak  imperfectly  (like 
children),  to  stammer,  —  4.  to  heap  up,  = 
^dril'ba^  sgrU-ba, 

i«t-  Jiri»  1.  syn.  with  ^ram^  bank,  shore, 
'  coast,  rmd'Od  Jcrk-na  ydd-^ai  mMar^ 
a  castle  on  the  banks  of  the  Hoangho 
Glr, ;  *Ilyg^'i*dn'gt  fi-na  yg^*  C\  it  lies  just 
before  you,  under  your  nose;  bla-mai  ska- 
It'HS'SU  =  bld-mai  py6gs-la  Mihnt  —  2.  v. 
Jcri-ha, 

QjZTfl'  ^Ti^-ba  1.  Cs.  to  wash,  to  bathe,  = 

''3      Jbrudrfa^  cf.  Urm,  —  2.  diarrhoea, 

looseness;    dysentery  (?);  Jcm-ndd,  Jcru- 

»by<^n8  (^ufirerr)  id. 

QjOTrq-  J^'P^  1-  vb.,  pf  Jcrugs,  cf 
>3  '  dkrug-pa^  bhniff-pa^  to  be  in  dis- 
order, agitation,  commotion,  to  be  disturbed ; 
Jii^'par  ^gyitr-ba  to  get  disordered;  of 
the  blood :  rtsa  fams^dd  Jii'iig-tu  bbitg^  it 
made  all  his  blood  boil  Glr,\  of  the  sea 
irq. ;  esp.  of  the  mind,  disturbed  by  wrath, 
fear,  anxiety,  or  some  other  passion,  cf. 
Mog-Ji^uffs;  to  quarrel,  fight,  contend,  de 
ynyis  ^Icrugs^nas^  the  two  quarrelling;  bod 
^e  nan  Jirug-go^  the  nobles  of  Tibet  are 
contending  among  one  another,  have  in- 
ternal feuds;  met -via  Jcrug-pa  tears  ap- 
pearing, coming  forth,  (lit.  tears  being 
stirred  up,  excited  Thgy,^  MiL^  Tar,  —  2. 
sbst.  disorder,  tumult,  war,  also  single  com- 
bat, duel,  Jii*iig'pa  mr  disorder  arises; 
Jcrug-diis  by  as  he  appointed  the  time  of 
the  duel  Glr.\  Jirv^f-dpon  =  dmag-dpon^ 
Jirug-pa  byed-pa  to  take  up  arms,  to  begin 
war;  respecting  subjects:  to  rebel;  Jcrug- 


pa  byM-pai  dd^-su  in  times  of  war  Gir.; 
dnuig-Jirkg^  Jab-Jc'riig  war.  —  mi-Jlriigi- 
pa  n.  of  a  Buddha  (not  =  vii-skyddr-pa).  — 
Jirug^dh  is  the  explanation  given  by  Zy&w?. 
for  skyo-ndgsy  hence  prob. :  contest,  strife. 
—  ^tugs-Tnlcan*  W,  having  small  cracks, 
flaws,  of  potter's  ware. 
nnqr -fl*  *JiTun'ba  or  Jcruns-pa  1 .  resp.  for 
^  skyi'ba  to  be  bom,  bcom-ldan-^dds 
Jirum-pa  dan  dua-mnydm-du  at  the  same 
time  when  Buddha  was  bom  Glr,;  ynyis- 
la  sras  ma  Jorum-par  as  by  neither  of  the 
two  (queens)  a  son  was  bom  Glr.\  Jirum- 
dkdi  shyh-bu  (holy)  men,  such  as  are  but 
rarely  bora  (lit.  with  difficulty)  M7.;  to 
arise,  to  originate,  Jirum-rdhs  legend  of  the 
origin  .  .  .;  Hyed-rdn-gi  fugs-la  Jiriins-pai 
fsig  words  as  they  may  just  arise  in  your 
honour's  mind  Mil,;  snyin-rye  fugs-la  Jcrum- 
pas  compassion  arose  in  the  soul  of  his 
reverence  Mil.;  tin-ne-^dzrn  Jiriins-poi 
meditation  arising.  —  2.  to  come  up,  shoot, 
sprout,  grow,  of  seeds  and  plants  frq. 
nnir'q'  Jcrud-pa,,  pf.  iArM«,  fut.  bkru  to 

>3^  wash,  to  bathe,  gos  clothes,  k'a^dg 
face  and  hands  DzL;  to  wash  off,  dri-ma 
dirt;  fig.  sa  ndn-gyis  j^rvd  Ma,  is  stated 
to  mean:  the  country  is  fleeced,  thoroughly 
drained  of  its  resources. 
nm^^  Jcrums  carcass,  carrion,  game  torn 
^  by  beasts  of  prey,  Sch,^  (the  word 
seems  to  be  very  little  known). 
QjnQJ-q-  Jirul-ba  {Lea,:  Ssk.  ^9^  to  turn 

>^  out  of  the  way,   to  wander,   to 

stray,  hence  perh.  originally:)  1.  to  1)0  dis- 
located, sprained,  distorted,  *f^  tul''  W. 
the  limb  is  dislocated;  usually:  2.  to  be 
out,  to  be  mistaken,  almost  always  used  in 
the  pf  tense,  JUi^l-pa  mistaken,  deceived, 
na  mig  Jcrul-pa  yin-nam,  does  my  eye 
deceive  me?  Md.\  imd-ba  Jirul  dogs  tur- 
re  gyis  take  care  not  to  hear  wrong  MU,; 
ynyis  yng-iu  JUrid-bar  byed-pa  to  make  by 
mistake  two  to  be  one,  to  confound  one 
thing  with  another  Tar.;  ^di  dge-sldh-ma^ 
jdod-pa  Jcridr-pa  yin-la  she  being  frustrated 
in  her  wish  to  become  a  nun  Tar.  85,  1 ; 
^ro-ba  Jcml-pa  the  deceived  creature  Olr. ; 


q(gaj-q-  Jtnd-ba 

frq.  with  snan :  ran-sndn  Jcriil-par  ^dug  I 
have  been  mistakeD,  it  was  a  deception 
of  the  senses  Mil, ;  Bnan-JiruL  and  Jcrul" 
man  illusion,  delusion;  JUrul-mdn-ban  de- 
lusive Glr.\  to  err,  as  a  syn.  of  ndr-ba: 
tyod-^ag  Jk/ruUfai  Jig^ten-pa  ye  deluded 
children  of  the  world!  il/iZ.;  kes  ^cUm-pa- 
mams  ^Urul  they  who  pronounce  (read) 
in  this  manner,  are  mistaken;  ^a  ^dogs  Jcrul 
the  adding  of  ^a  is  a  mistake;  non'-Jhid 
mistake,  nor- Jcrul  sel-ba  Schr,^  *t<hir-ce^  sal- 
po  gydb-c^^  W.  to  remove  mistakes,  to 
correct.  —  3.  to  be  insane,  deranged,  syn. 
of  iffM/ds-pa  DzL  and  others.  —  JiHtl-pa 
1.  adj.  mistalcen,  deceived.  —  2.  sbst.  mis- 
talce;  frenzy,  madness;  Jcml-yii  mistalce, 
error;  Jlrul-so  (errandi  locus)  occasion  for 
committing  mistakes,  a  wrong  way,  peril; 
mistake,  error,  cf.  golsa;  JfruUJfdr  artifice 
ScA.,  (6^.:  machine,  contrivance;  but  this 
is  spelled  more  correctly  ^prvl-Jidr). 


P 


63 


^|-«^'  gd; 


da 


Qi^F^'  JirSn-pa  1.  to  wish,  to  long  for, 
'^  '       zdS'skom  Med,^  Uyrni-la  Lex,  —  2. 
W,  to  look  upon  with  envy,  jealousy. 

0^P(  Jcrd'ba,  pf.  AV-os,  to  be  angry,  la  at. 

qjSqrq'  Ji^<^'V<^  to  roar,  rush,  buzz,  hum, 

'^  '  md-ba  Mr-la  JUrog  Med,^  a  tin- 
gling noise  is  caused  in  the  ear;  rgyu-loh 
Jcrog-bin  a  rumbling  in  the  bowels  Med, ; 
sbo-JHrog  in  the  belly;  Jirog-Urdg  roaring, 
rushing,  buzzing. 

Qjg^.-.  Jirol'ba  pf.  and  fut.  dkrol^   imp. 
'^        Icrol  1.  to  cause  to  sound,  to  make 

a  noise,  to  play,  rol-mo  on  an  instrument, 
to  ring  (a  bell),  to  beat  (a  gong,  cymbal); 
ma  dkrdl-bar  without  being  played  on.  — 
2.  to  sound,  resound,  *d6d-pa  f6l4a  ra^ 
W,  my  bowels  croak;  Jirol-po  a  player, 
performer,  bell-ringer  etc.,  cf.  Krol-po; 
*frol'lO'lO't8^  W,  a  tinkling  of  bells. 


^ 


mga  1.  the  letter  g,  originally,  and  in 
the  border  countries  still  at  the  present 
time,  as  initial  letter  =  the  English  hard 
g,  as  final  letter  ==  ck;  in  C.  as  initial 
deep-toned  and  aspirated  (gh),  as  final 
letter  more  or  less  indistinct;  as  a  prefix 
(in  Khams  and  Balti)  fricative  =  ^  or  ;f ; 
▼.  Preface.  —  2.  as  numerical  figure:  3, 
c£  ia  2. 
^r  ga  affix  (article)  to  some  substantives, 

'  like  ka, 
m  ga  (C.  ^gha"")  1.  =  ^a  (C,  >*)•  -  2. 

=  gan. 
mppjl'  ^d'^dl  C.  Tpron.  ^gha-f'at^)  tax, 

"^      duty  (on  cattle  and  butter). 
mm  g<^d  W.  a  title  of  honour:  the  old 

'  '  gentleman,  the  ojd  squire  e.g.  *ga-gd 
Uk-rorbdn*  the  old  Squire  Tara  Chand,  opp. 


to  no^nd  the  young  Squire;  instead  of  it  in 

C;  ^'a^hO'ldg*, 

mm^O^'  gci'-ffct  tsily  tickling  Cs,;  ga-ga-fsU 

'    '         byM-pa  to  tickle. 
zT]*q|'^  ga-g^-mo  such  a  one,  such  a  thing 

'    '       Cs,;  such  and  such;  v.  ^e-ge^mo, 

mcMr  9^  -  9^^  a  melon  Cs.  (some  Lexx. 

'    '  ^  have:  cucumber,  others:  barley). 
^^    OT<3^  fl'a-cm,gra-^  some  (people), 

'     ''     '^  a  good  many;  a  good  deal 
W.,  C, 
m^K'  9<^'^<^d  witliout  cause,  involuntarily, 

'       '  e.g.  to  weep  Med, 
mTT-  gd'ta  Ssk,^  ga-tai  sde-fsan  a  particular 

'  ^   kind  of  Indian  hand-writing,  besides 
Nagari  and  Lantsa  Glr, 

^^  gd-da  («n[T),  club,  mace. 


64  , 

m'rx'  ga-dur  medicinal  herb  of  an  astrin- 

'>^      gent  taste. 
m-§jx"  ga-ddr  Lex.  w.e.:  ha-bai  ga-dar; 

'  Sch.  explains :  the  growth  of  a  new 

branch  on  a  stag's  horn. 
mQtZKr  ga-^drds  C.  (pronounced  ^ghande*) 

'^     how? 
^r^  gd-na  =  gart-na^  where,  used  interr. 

'  '  and  corrcl.,  frq.;  gd-na-ba  and  gdii- 
na-ba  the  same  as  a  sbst,  the  wherea- 
bouts of  a  person,  his  place  of  residence; 
rgydl'po  gd-na-bar^  (or  gd-na-ba  der^  gd- 
na  ^dug-paVy  gd-na  biugs-par)  son  he  went 
where  the  king  was  DzLy  frq.  —  ^ga-na- 
mid^  W.  absolutely,  at  all  events,  ""ga-na- 
mid  kcUgos*  it  must  be  sent  by  all  means; 
*ga--na-med  log-te  tan  yin*  I  shall  give  it 
back  at  all  events  (5.  cts-kyan), 

^^^  ga^-pur  camphor  Med.^< 

^9*  ga-bra  n.  of  a  medicine  Med, 

m^'  ga-tsdm  how,  how  much,  how  many 
'  how    long,   interr.    and  correl;    as 

much  as,  e.g.  as  much  as  you  like  (you 
may  take)  col. 

^^wT  ga-bl»6n  an  eruption  of  the  skin  W, 

— .^,  ga-tsdd  C.  how  much,  *rin  gha-tsg* 
'       '  what  is  the  price? 

a  jesi,  joKe,  lauynier, 

gd'ka  dan  rtsid-mo  rise  Pth,  they  jest  and 
play;  also  adj.:  inclined  to  jesting,  *d^ 
rin  gd'ha  mi  dug*  he  is  not  in  a  good 
humour,  in  good  spirits,  to-day   W. 

^^Pj*  gd'Zug  W.  how,  interr.  and  correl. 
^'^l'  ga-yzi  W.  squinting. 

CT"^-^    rqp-^^-  ga-^j  dga-n's  =  gd  za  W,; 
'      '      '  '  *ga  -  ri  mi  rag*  I  am  in 

low  spirits,  dejected. 

OTX'  gd-ru  =  gan-du  1.  whither,  which 
'      way,  to  which  place,  whereto.  —  2. 
where,  interr.  and  correl. 
^^P^ga-ru^a  the  Garuda-bird.  v.  Hyun, 


^5)- 


PjC'  gan 

m^'  ga-re  1.  where  is7  B.  and  col.  — 

'  2.  Lfd,  a  species  of  Lathyrus. 
OTO}'  ffd'la  for  gdn^la^  ci^la  C;  ^ghd-k 
'  tM-ne  ne^  }hun*  owing  to  what  or 
from  what  cause  did  the  disease  arise?  *^ghd- 
lapm*  to  what  does  this  serve,  of  what  use 
is  this?  Sch.\  whither,  to  what  place?  V^- 
la  ^dd^hi  yinn-pa*  U^  where  are  you  going 
to?  —  gd'lorba  =  gd-nor^m, 

gd'le  C\  slowly,  softly,  gently,  gen.  in 
a  good  sense,  opp.  to  every  thing 
turbulent;  therefore  in  exchanging  com- 
pliments on  meeting  or  parting:  %o-iwi 
ghd'le  ^  hu  ita^  (perh.  to  be  spelled 
ska  bhigs  snan)  says  the  person  that  has 
paid  a  visit,  %o  -  nd  ghd  -  le  peb*  he  that 
received  the  visit,  when  taking  leave  of 
each  other,  both  phrases  implying  about 
the  same  as  our  farewell!  good-bye!  Cf. 
snan-ba, 
^(^ga-ldg  W,  squinting. 

qr  n-  gd'ha  1.  v.  ga-ha^  —  2.  girth  or 
'  '  rope  slung  across  breast  and  shoulder 
in  order  to  draw  or  carry  anything;  also 
dog-harness;  also  the  bandoleer  or  shoulder- 
belt,  worn  as  a  badge  of  dignity  by  con- 
stabjes  and  the  like  officers;  sobriquet  for 
the  rope  of  meditation,  v.  sgom^fdg. 
OT,/Kr  ff<^^dsy  C,  *gha-he*y  somo,  part;  *AAii- 
'  '  TWO  yan  gha-^e  ^)h^-pa  yin*  even 
girls,  in  part,  take  to  religion  (become  nuns). 
2Tr^^'  ga-sid  v.  sed. 

^'^0^'  ga-sel  glass-beads,  glass-pearls  Sch. 

^^^'  ga-sir,  instead  of  j^  punishment L<£. 

qjOT  gag  1.  sih^er  in  bars,  ingots,  small 
'^'   pieces  etc.,  uncoined  W.  —  2.  wad, 

wadding  (for  loading  muskets)   W.  —  3. 

Cs:  =  bya-gdg,  gag-tsi  a  water-fowl. 

mm'n*  9^9 'V^  Med,y  a  swelling  in  the 
'   '       throat  Cs,;  gag-Uvog  id.  (?) 

j^-  gari  I.  interr.  pron.  1.  who 7  which? 
'      jB.,  C,  W.;  when  used  adjectively,  it 

generally  follows  its  sbst.  (so  at  least  in 

good  language),    and  if  preceding  it,  it 

stands  in  the  genit.  case:  pyogs  gan  which 


65 


^^'  gan 

region  or  part  of  the  world?    gdn-gi  dus 
which  time?  in  the  latter  case  it  may  also 
mean  wbose:  gdn-gi  lam  whose  way?  j^ 
nan  jrnyis  ids  lugs  gah  bzan  which  of  the 
two  doctrines,  the  Brahmanic  or  the  Bud- 
dhist, is    the   right    one?   pyogs  gdn-nas 
o/i,  no  mi  ^^-paa  not  knowing  from  what 
part  of  the  country   she  comes  Glr.;  ma 
ni  gctn  yin  bu  ni  gan  yin  bye  -  brag  pyes 
decide  which  is  the  mother  and  which  the 
child   DzL;   gan    iS-na   lit.  4f   one  asks 
which?*  corresponds  sometimes  to  the  Eng- 
lish.'namely,  to  wit,  viz.';  gdn-na  where? 
gan-la  whither?  gdn-na^y  gdn-las  whence? 
gdn-du  where?  whither?  gdn-na-ba  =  ga- 
na-ba  v.  above;  gdn-pa,  yul  gdn-pa^  col. 
*gan'yul'pa*y  from  what  country?  —  2. 
C  for  H  what?    *ghan  z^-raimf  what 
shall  I  say  ?  *UyQ^'kyi  min-la  ghan  zir-ghiyi 
yg^'dhaTfj^  what  is  your  name?    ^ghdn-la 
yah*  what  are  you  coming  for?   what  do 
you   want?  —  2.  rel,    or    rather    correl. 
pron.,  who,  which,  he  who,  she  who,  who- 
ever, whichever,  whatever,  ogvig:  gan  pyir 
ian-ba  de  ni  she  who  follows  Dzlr^   gan 
gos  ^ddd'pa-la  gos  byun  whoever  wanted 
clothes,  to  him  they  were  given  DzL ;  rig- 
pa  gan  md^ba  cig-la  stir-TO  I  give  it  to 
him  who  is  the  sharpest  as  to  sagacity  Glr, ; 
hfod'kyi  dpd-ba  gan  yin-pa-la  Kd-bo  mgu 
the  bravery  which  you  have  shown  pleases 
me  Tar.  21,  13;  rgydl-bu  gdn-du  fse  opds- 
pat  ynds-su  s6n-no  they  went  to  the  place 
where  the  prince  had  changed  life  Dzlr^ 
gdn-gi  lam  sndn-du  grub-pa  des  .  ,  ,   he 
whose  way  (of  sanctification)  will  be  com- 
pleted first,  shall  .  .  .  Stg,    Often  fams-ddd 
or  a  plural-sign  accompanies  the  partic. : 
gah  mi  his-pa-dag  they  who  do  not  under- 
stand DzL  Rarely  in  fi.,   but  frq.  in  the 
col.  language  of  W.,  the  pa  after  the  verb 
is  supplied  by  a  gerundial  particle,   such 
as  no,  »a«;  *gan  tdn-na  Icyad  med^  which 
you  intend  to  give  is  all  the  same.    Some- 
times, however,  particularly  in  more  mo- 
dem literature,  no  pa  is  added  to  the  verb 
at  all,  esp.  when  gan  is  joined  with  yin, 
yod,  or  dug^    so    tliat   such    sentences  in 


^TjC'flrr  gan-gd 


their  form  are  very  similar  to  the  relative 
sentences  of  occidental  languages;  but  that 
this  omission  of  pa^   although  sanctioned 
by  long  continued  use,  is  after  all  an  in- 
correct breviloqnence ,    and  that  pa  must 
always  be  understood,   appears  from  the 
frq.  occurrence  of  the  plural  sign  imme- 
diately  after  yod  etc.:    de  ynyis-kyi  srid 
gan  ydd-7*nam8  the  claims  to  government 
which  both  of  these  maintained  Glr, ;  gdn- 
fse  —  dM-tse  when  —then;  gan  hg  whoever. 
If  any  body   etc.  frq.;    vulgo  in   W.   often 
pleon.  =  any  or  some,  *gan  }Ag  firm-si  pi-  ^-  ^'^^ 
la*  on  account  of  some  law-suit,  instead 
of  fim>s  hig-gi  pyir ;  gav  la-Id  iftjr  is  of  a 
similar  meaning,  but  less  frq.    The  import 
of  the  word  is  still  more  generalized  by 
yari  being  added  to  gan  or  to  the  verb: 
dnos-po  gan  mfon  yan  Mil.   whatever  he 
sets  his  eyes  upon ;  gan  Itdr-na  yan^  gan 
yin  kyan  whatsoever  it  may  be,  however 
that  may  be,    be  that  as  it  may,  at  all 
events,  esp.  C;  gan-yan-rttn-ba^  gan-run^ 
gan-H-yan-run  whosoever   he    may  be, 
whatsoever  it  may  be,  quicunque;  ynas  gan- 
yan-riin-ba-na  whereever;  gdn-nas  gdn-du 
shyes  kyan  out  of  which  class   of  beings 
and  into  whichsoever  I  shall  be  re-born 
DzL  —  3.  indefinite  pron.,  used  absolutely, 
each,  every,  any,  all,  when  followed  by  a 
negation  =  not  any,  none,  no:  h)  dar  cu 
sogs  gan  yan  Afa,  curdled  milk,  buttermilk, 
water,  every  thing  tastes  bitter  Med. ;  sans- 
rgyds  gdn-gis  kyan  Tna  bhdgs-pa  not  yet 
trodden  by  any    Buddha   Glr.;  pan  gan 
fogs  gyis  be  as  useful  as  ever  possible  Mil. ; 
gdn-dag  all  Glr.  and  elsewhere;  d^-dag 
mi  Jyyun  gaii  yan  med   these    are  to  be 
found  everywhere;  gdn-la  gan-^dul  con- 
verting each  in  the  manner  best  suited  to 
him ;  gdn-gis  kyan  =  cis-kyan  by  all  means; 
gdn-gis  kyan  dgds-pa  mid -pa  altogether 
useless  Mil. ;  gan  dan  gan  6s.,  Sch.  (more 
frq.  gan  dan  bi)  every  thing  whatsoever  Glr. 
mr^mxr^  gar't-ga-hin  an  officinal  plant 
'       '^   Med 

^'2^'  gan-ga  Ssk  the  river  Ganges. 

5 


66 


^'R"  gdn-ia 


snr'fl*  gdn-ba^  sometimes  gdn-po^  also  gan 
'  1.  full,  rin-pO'Ces  ban-mdzod  gdn- 

ba  iig  a  treasury  fiill  of  jewels  DzL ;  fdU 
cu  Kdl-mas  gdn-ba-ste  being  filled  with 
boiling  lye    Thgy,\   yser-pyi  bre  gdn-po^ 
yser  yidn-pa  gan  a  measure  filled  with 
gold-dust,  a  basin  full  of  gold;  ^dbs-kyi 
ndn-na  sh'ul  ydug-pas  gdn-no  lit.:  in  the 
ditch  it  was  full  of  poisonous  snakes  DzL^ 
brgyvd  gdn-bar  gyur-to  the  progeny  in- 
creased Glr, ;  mcdd-rten  h'ru  gdn-pa  Glr.  a 
pyramid,  a  full  cubit  in  height  —  2.   W. 
also  heaped  (measure),  opp.  to  ^gan-bdd^ 
(lit.  bbad)  smoothed  (measure), 
qr^-q-  gdn  -  bu  pod,  shell,  husk  {Sch.  also 
'    ^   also  flower -bud?)  ^od-zh^-gyi  gdn- 
bur  JbiUnas  enveloping  himself  in  a  veil 
of  rays,   wrapping  himself  in  a  garment 
of  light   (another  reading:   gdn-por  in  a 
lump,  in  one  mass)  Glr. ;  gan-ld  an  empty 
pod,  freed  from  the  kernels   W. 
m^'spr  gan-zdg  1.  man,  as  an  intellectual 
'         '  being,  a  person;  gan-zdg  yidn-gyis 
brda  sprdd^as  another  person  describing 
it  to  you  (opp.  to  what  we  know  by  our 
own    perception    and    observation)   Mil.; 
hence  philosophical  term  for  the  I  or  self, 
OT^  Was. ;  bstan-bdds'la  mKds-pai  gan-idg- 
mams  learned   or  lettered  men,    men  of 
science  Glr.;  esp.  man  in  relation  to  reli- 
gion: ?(?8  j^yi'bhdl  byM-pai  gan-zdg  Mil, 
men  who  postpone  religion,  not  troubling 
themselves  about  it:  opdgs-pai  gan-zdg- 
mams-kyi  rgydl-po  the  king  of  reverend 
persons,  i.e.  Buddha ;  Idg-lta-ban-gyi  gan- 
zdg  heretical  people ;  gan-zdg  pdl-pa^  tormdlr 
pd  common  people  MU.  and  others;   also 
explicitly:  people  favourably  disposed  to- 
wards religion,  religious  people  Gyatch.  c. 
26  &  27.  (at  present  the  word  is  generally 
understood  in  the  latter  sense);  dtis  pyts- 
kyi  gan-zdg  Glr.,  mor^dns-pai  gan-zdg  skdl- 
ba  dan   Iddn-pa  Mil.  a   pious   posterity. 
The  word,   however,  so  little  implies  the 
clerical  state,  that  it  is  used  directly  for 
2.  layman,  one  that  has  not  taken  orders 
DzL  ^sS®,  5  and  elsewhere.  —   3.  (resp. 
lal'Zdg)  tobacco-pipe,  not  the  hukka,   but 


^  gem 

a  small  sort,  similar  to  ours,  gen.  made 
of  metal;  gan-mgd  bowl  of  a  tobacco-pipe; 
gan-mjug  mouth-piece  or  tip  of  it  C. 
m^:^'  ff^^^  1.  glacier-ice,  glacier;  grdns-^an 

'  adj.  abounding  in  snow,  in  glaciers, 
also  as  a  sbst.  a  glacier ;  gdns  -  ban  -  las 
Jbyuh-bai  cu  the  water  issuing  from  a  gla- 
cier Med.,  and  even  as  a  p.n. :  Tibet;  jron*- 
ban-gyi  skad  the  Tibetan  language;  gdns- 
b^dg-pa  to  cleave  the  snow,  i.e.  to  have  it 
trodden  down  by  yaks  sent  in  advance,  in 
order  thus  to  form  a  path  for  the  travellers 
(v.  Hue  Voyage  11.  421).  —  gans-rgyud 
a  chain  of  snow -mountains.  —  gans-ien- 
mzod-lnd  'the  five  receptacles  of  the  vast 
glacier-ice',  or  gans-iSen-r^S'lnd  'the  five 
kings  of  the  same',  pronounced  ^ghan-^ien- 
^dzjo^-ndf,  or  *je^d*,  n.  of  a  high  mountain 
in  Sikkim,  commonly  spelled  Einjinjunga; 
gans  -  ^en  -  mfso  -  rgydl  n  ame  of  a  deity  (?) 
Glr.  —  goMS'figs  Med.  perh.  stalactite.  — 
gans-ri  a  snow-  or  ice-mountain,  as  p.n. 
=  Ti-se.  —  Seldom  2.  col.  ice  in  general; 
*gansson*  it  has  frozen  W.  —  3.  snow  in 
general,  *ghan  Jbab*  it  snows  Ts.;  *ghan' 
ma-cdr^  sleet  —  4.  the  sclerotic  of  the 
eye  Sch. 
mC'H'  gddrpa  1.  a  bluff;  precipitous  river- 

'  '  banks,  such  as  frequently  inclose 
the  mountain  rivers  of  Tibet.  —  2.  In  IT. 
the  word  seems  to  refer  more  to  the  spe- 
cies of  rock,  which  is  favourable  to  the 
formation  of  such  banks:  conglom&*ate;^a(f- 
pug  a  cavern  in  such  a  bank;  gad- rgydl 
the  gigantic  walls  of  conglomerate  rock, 
through  which  mountain  rivers  have  cut 
their  way. 
zwr^'  gdd-mo  laughing,  laughter,  )ig'^rUn' 

'  ^  pai  gdd-mo  a  laughter,  a  laughing- 
stock, to  wordly-minded  people;  nai  gad- 
moi  ynas  this  is  to  me  an  object  of  laugh- 
ing, it  is  ridiculous  to  me  Mil.;  gdd-mos 
Jtibs-pa  to  laugh  at  a  person  Tar.  25,  15. 
qur  gan,  B.  and  W.,  gdm  C,  neamess,  pro- 

'  '  ximity,  used  only  in  such  connections 
as  gan-du  to,  towards,  up  to,  nai  gdn-du 
hog  come  to  me;  rgydlrpoi  gdn-^  he  went 
to  the  king;  Kdn-pai  gdn^u  son  he  went 


^i   J  * 


f.M 


y  -^ 


fll|if^nr  ^an-*yd/ 


"^ 


67 


Pj^'l?!'  gdr-ia 


^•' 


towards  the  hoose;  rgydlrpoi  gdn-nas  pyin 
he  came  from  the  king;  in  col.  language 
also  c.  accQS. :  *d6g^po  gdri-du*  W,  close 
by  the  brook,  and  c.  termin.  case,  *hir 
gdn-te*  W.  hard  by  the  water:  rir-gdn-pa 
one  living  close  to  a  mountain  or  hill. 
^uJ7nQr  gan-kydl,  and  rkycdy  supine,  lying 

^^  ^  on  the  back,  with  the  face  upward, 
gan^kydl  (du)  ngdl-ba  to  lie  in  that  position; 
^^eJrba  to  faU  backward;  BgyiUba  to  make 
one  fall  on  his  back;  ^ghqn-kydl  Ug-fci^ 
to  perform  a  somerset,  to  tumble  over 
bead  and  heels  C.  J}  (  <^  }^"' 
mrft-  gan-rgyd  6'.,  *gam-rgya*   W.,  a 

''^  written  contract,  an  agreement. 
CTT-rx-  gan-ddr  Sch, :  a  silk  handkerchief 

'  ^    '      offered  as  a  present  in  exchanging 
compliments  on  meeting,  =  Korbtags 
-^1 2;--.»|^.  ^a7i-7m/2:(jc{  store-room,  storehouse 

j-Qf-  gdndhxh-la  n.  of  a  famous  temple  in 
\       rdo-fje-yddn    (Vajrasana    near 

^  Gaya  in  Bengal)  Tar.  1 6,  4  and 
elsewhere  frq.;  yet  the  words  in  Glr,  8, 
10:  pyt  gdndho'la  ndri'du  Ikd-Uan  byds- 
pea  ^making  outwardly  a  gandhola,  inside 
an  idolshrine',  seem  not  to  admit  of  a  noun 
proper;  a  Lama  explained  it  by  yUmg-lag- 
Kan;  more  correctly  perh.  =  dri-ytsan-kan, 
i.e.  =  j|ma^.  Cf.  also  ghdndhola. 
CT^"-:^  gdnji-ra  Glr,  65,  8  obviously  a  Ssk. 

'g  word,  though  not  in  our  dictiona- 
naries;  Lamas  described  it  as  an  archi- 
tectural ornament,  consisting  in  small  tur- 
rets or  spires  along  the  edge  of  a  flat  roof. 

i^S^  gdbsgra  W.  a  belch  (vulgar). 

mn'CI'  9^^^  ^®  '^'^^^  ^  conceal  one's  self 
'  Dd.  and  elsewhere  frq.;  gdb-yig^ 

writing  in  secret  characters,  cryptography 

W.y  C;   gab '8a  a  place  of  concealment, 

hiding-place. 

qifl-«trxr  gab-spdns  Glr.,  panels  or  little 
•^  ^  boards  beneath  the  cornice  of  a 

roof^  often  filled  out  with  paintings. 

PW^  ^w5S^  ^d6-te^,  gdb'tse  a  tableau 
■^      '      "^        containing  numerous  my- 


thological and  astrological  figures,  and  used 
for  fortune-telling. 

cnq-^ff-^  cnq-qS^-<3g-q-  ff^-^^^y  gdb-pai 
'         I '      I  fsd'ba    2i,   disease 

Med.;  ace.  to  Schr.  a  hectic,  consumptive 
fever. 

^jST  gam  v.  gan. 

2^^^'  gdm-bu-ra  W.  citron,  lemon. 

my  gau  1.  a  chest,  box  PtJi.;  a  little  box 
''^  or  case ;  when  containing  amulets,  it 
is  worn  suspended  by  a  string  round  the 
neck  (v.  Schl.  174).  —  2.  a  squeaking  sound 
W.,  *gau  z^'te"*  to  squeak. 
^ix*  g(i^  I-  (Cs.  gdr-ma)  a  dance,  gar  byed- 
'  pa,  W.  *gdr  se-ce*,  to  dance ;  glu  gar 
rts^d'iTW  byM'pa  Glr.  to  sing,  to  dance 
and  play;  gdr-mUan  1.  one  dancing,  a 
dancer,  a  performer,  e.g.  even  Buddha  or 
any  saint,  when  displaying  miracles.  —  2. 
n.  of  a  god  Tar.  11, 17,  ace.  to  Schr.,  Siwa; 
gar-stabs  a  dancing  gesture  or  motion.  — 
II.  ^  gd-ru,  gdn-du,  whither,  whereto, where; 
gar  yan  anywhere,  gdr  yan  skye-ba  grow- 
ing everywhere  Wdn.;  gar  yan  mi  ^6-ba 
to  go  nowhere,  to  remain  where  one  is 
Mil. ;  Pill.  —  ^gar-m^d*  W.  at  all  events, 
by  all  means,  =  ^ga-^na-m^d*  —  gar-bdb 
at  random,  hit  or  miss,  at  hap-bazard  Sch. 

^|^5?Tr  gar-ndg  n.  of  a  medicine  Lt. 
^ffs'^'  gdr-ba  strong,  gar-^an  strong  beer. 
^^^  gdr-bu  solid,  not  hollow  Sch. 

msf^  gdr -mo  thick,  e.g.  soup,  =  skd-ba; 

'  gar-sld  Sch. :  thick  and  thin ;  thick- 

ness. 
CTxw  gdr-la,  native  name  of  the  district 

'  '  called  by  the  Hindoos  Lahul  or  La- 
hol  (ace  to  Cunningham  'Lahul'  is  a  cor- 
ruption of  UuHyul^  southern  country,  which 
latter  appellation,  however,  is  not  in  use 
in  that  district  itself).  Here,  in  the  village 
of  Kyelang,  a  missionary  station  was  es- 
tablished in  1857,  by  the  Church  of  the 
United  Brethren  (Moravians),  together  with 
a  school  and  a  lithographic  press,  for  dif- 


68 


q|^'f3^    gar-ldg 


fusing  Christian  knowledge  by  means  of 
books  and  tracts. 

zmrfSpn'  5'«^-%?  y«^-  91 »  7.  10.  Transl.  p. 

'  '317:    'ace.  to   Was.  a  rapacioas 

mountain  tribe,  north-east  of  Tibet;  in  the 
Tibetan-Sanskrit  dictionary  mentioned  as 
'Turushka".  They  are  doubtless  the  same 
robbers,  that  are  called  *Kolo'  by  Hue  (II. 
p.  187),  who  were  known  to  our  Lama 
from  Tashilhunpo  as  mgo-ldg,  or  Idan-mo- 
mgO'ldgy  they  having  received  this  name 
(*^queer- heads')  in  consequence  of  having 
their  hair  closely  cropped.  Possibly  gar- 
I6g  is  the  older  and  more  correct  form; 
cf.  dar-^gyas-glin, 
mr^  gar-^d  the  muscles  of  the  thumb  (?) 

^^   Med, 
mQi-  gdl  1.  importance,  gdhdu  jizin-pa  to 

'  consider  of  importance,  to  esteem 
highly  Mil,;  gdl-can  Cs.,  more  frq.  gcd-^^- 
ba  important,  de  mi  Un-iu  gdl-ci-bar  yddr 
do  Glr,y  bsldb-bya  gal-ce-ba  Glr.  important 
precepts;  gal-^n  unimportant,  insignifi- 
cant; undervalued,  slighted  MiL;  gdl^po 
prob.  =  galy  Schr,;  gal-po-ce-yi  bzd-dpon 
the  important^  indispensable  master  of  the 
house  AfiL  —  2.  constraint,  compulsion,  */ia- 
la  ghal  )hun*  C*.  I  have  been  compelled. 
—  3.  trap,  snare  C,  W.,  also  Mil;  *gal' 
It&m*  W,  id.;  gal  ^dzug-pa  to  set  a  trap 
or  snare. 
qTQj'Qqiqr  gdl-^gdg  Med,  f 

m^'^'  gdl'ta  W.  crow-bar,  handspike. 

mQf->-  gdl'te  1.  sbst.,  gdl-te  mcdn-Uun  bcug 
'  ''  Pth.  f  —  II.  conj.  if,  in  case,  serves 
to  introduce  a  conditional  sentence,  ending 
with  na  (which  is  the  essential  word, 
whereas  gal-te  may  be  left  out  as  well): 
gdl-te  . .  ^dri-na  if . .  comes  (eav  . . .  iX^rj) ; 
also  followed  by  yarl  (kyan\  although  black 
snow  fell  Dzl,  (nas  instead  of  na,  frq.  to  be 
met  with,  is  either  merely  a  slip  of  the  pen, 
or  an  impropriety  of  speech).  —  gdl-te-na 
as  one  word,  and  with  the  signification  of 
perhaps,  or  the  Greek  av  (not  'if,  6i.)  I 
found  only  in  a  few  passages  of  the  Kye- 


lang  manuscript  of  2)^Z.,  where  the  edition 
of  Sch,  has  gdUte^  which  makes  no  sense. 
gal'srid  W.  =  gal-te.  In  Lewin's  Manual 
it  often  occurs  in  the  sense  of  but,  how- 
ever. 

^rpj'^^'  gdl-mdo  n.  of  a  disease  Med, 

zmrn*  gdl-ba  to  force,  to  press  something 
'  on  a  person  (cf.  gal  2),  mi-la  btson 

gal  in-door  confinement  is  forced  on  mea 
Mil. 

srprX^  gal^  W.  refuse,  rubbish. 

TO^'  ga&  V.  ^ds^a. 

^'  gi  1.  num.  for  33.  —  2.  affix  instead 
'    of  kyi^  after  g  and  n;  for  the  signifi- 
cation V.  kyi. 

Hl'ni'  gi-gu  the  vowel  sign  ^,  i. 

&-cn-3ai-     ^'^^  gi-gu'sel,  gi-gu-hd  Sch.; 

'  nJ    '     '      '  >J    '   ^having  a  white  speck 
in  the  eye,  wall-eyed  (of  horses)'. 
ft-Qfjl^  gi-wdhy  Glr.y  gi-bdm  Lt,  also  giu^ 

'  ^  or  giu'wdhy  Cs.i  'n.  of  a  concretion 
in  the  entrails  of  some  animals,  used  for 
medicine'.  But  Glr,  35,  9  an  elephant  has 
it  on  its  neck,  and  ace.  to  oral  assertions 
it  is  to  be  found  also  in  the  human  head; 
a  man.  for  instance,  is  said  to  have  gi- 
wdn  in  his  brains,  if  in  his  sleep  he  is 
heard  to  utter  long-drawn  humming  sounds. 
^'^r^gi'lin  a  strong-bodied,  durable  horse 

'         Sch, 

HrS)(3r  gi-lin  Wis.  a  fabulous  animal. 

§ir'  gin  Pth.  prob.  a  little  drum,  or  the 
'      beating  of  it,   as  an  accompaniment 
to  dancing. 

HJ<3['  Qzn  affix,  v.  kyin. 

^ixf^  ^'r-?wo  Ld.  the  Indian  rupee,  =  5 

'         jau. 
§>i^'  gis  instead  of  kyis  after  g  and  w,  v. 

'       kyis. 
qy  gu  I.  num.  for  63.  —  2.  sign  of  dimi- 
nJ   nutives,  e.g.  Uyi-gu  puppy,  little  dog. 
—  3.  extension,  extent,  room,  space  ynds-sa 
gu-ddg,  Ittn-pa  gu-ddg^  lam  gu-^dff  a  nar- 


C_    ''^■^^  V  e<  V  V 


^-    V-. 


69 


«^-^  Sfu-ffu^a 


XdNj 


^'^r 


row  place,  valley,  road;  gvrydns  (-pa)  spa- 
cious, roomy,  wide,  gu  ydns-pa  ^dug  there 
is  much  room  here. 

2?pT[-/^"  gu-gu-^a  Ts.  plate,  flat  dish. 

OTqp-  gu-gul  (fnyf)  AmyrisAgallocha, 
nJ  nJ  a  costly  incense,  one  kind  is  white, 
another  black. 

qr&-  g^-ge  n.  of  a  province  in  the  south- 
\J    '    western  part  of  Tibet. 
gu'U  W.  deaf  (?). 


OTX"  gn-ru  Ssk.y  spiritual  teacher,  father- 
\J       confessor. 

^^^  jTM-rzf^  Lfd.  colt  or  foal  of  an  ass. 

m-Qjr-  gvr-ldn  n.  of  a  deity,  resorted  to  by 
\J  mothers  for  being  blessed  with 
children;  ace.  to  Sch.:  Siwa. 
mw  gu'le  W.  for  gd'le  q.v.;  gu-U-la  id., 
J  slowly,  softly,  gently,  without  noise, 
*go  gu-le-la  hug"*^  shut  the  door  gently! 
fir^dr  Sch,  apparently  the  same. 

^^  gu'su  Wdk.  garment,  dress  (?). 

npraj'fl*  gug-ge-ba  bent,  bent  downwards 
>o  '  (?),  of  leaves  Wdn.;  giig-'pa  id. 
qprq-  gitg-pa  W,  to  rub  or  scratch  gently, 
xT'     to  tickle. 

qr^ gun  I.  Sch.i  ^the  broad-headed  tiger 
\3  of  Central  Asia,  Charachula'  (Mon- 
(fol)\  it  is  said  to  differ  from  stag^  and  is 
not  found  in  Tibet.  —  II.  also  dgun  (i's. 
g^tn-ma)  1.  the  middle,  gun-la  in  the  middle, 
e.g.  the  king  in  the  middle  (between  his 
two  wives) ;  stdd-kyi  gun  Q-nas)  ton  taken 
out  of  the  middle  of  the  upper  part  Mil. ; 
pun-du  byH'pa  Thgy.  prob.  to  divide 
through  the  middle,  to  dissect  (anatomi- 
cally); gun  sgrig-pa  Sch.  *to  unite';  with 
respect  to  time:  dhydr-gyi  gun -la  W.  in 
the  middle  of  summer;  nyin-gun, and  mfsdn- 
gun  mid-day,  mid-night  Cs. ;  gun-ynyiSy  the 
two  middle  times,  mid-day  and  mid-night; 
ndm-gyi  gun -fun -la  at  the  hour  of  mid- 
night —  2.  mid-day,  gun  Jbdb^a  to  take 
a  noon-rest  on  a  journey;  gun-tsigs  dinner 
^hr.\  gufi  sdnS'la  ^rd-ba  (PF.  *(fd-c'^*)  to 
take  a  walk  about  the  middle  of  the  day. 


at  noon;  perh.  also  generally:  to  take  a 
walk;  gun-ldn  Sch.:  'at  noon',  more  prob.: 
afternoon.  —  3.  mid-night,  gun-la  at  mid- 
night Glr, ;  dgun-ycig  one  night  (?)  Sch.  — 

4.  (Chinese?)  title  of  a  magistrate  in  Lhasa, 
something  like  Privy  Counsellor;  v.  dgun. 
snC'^JOT  ff^^^'^^^ff  prob.  =  stag  lA.-Glr. 
J    ^   '    Schl  fol.  13,  6. 

niC'SCr'  9^^^'^^^^  II-  ^f  ^  monasteiy  in  Mdn- 

>J  yul  Mil. 

mc'^  ^rw/i-Two  the  middle  finger;  *gun'dzug* 

J       a  id. 

2T|C'^^^'argm'  gun-dmdr-la-pug  C.  carrot 

^Cn^'^ZTj-  gun-la-pug  C.  radish. 

mr  gud  1.  slope,  declivity  Cs.  —  2.  sepa- 
>j  '  ration,  solitude,  seclusion  Sch.;  gud-du 
J>6r-ba  to  place  obliquely  Cs.;  gud-du 
y^egs-pa  Dzl.  ^^^  18  to  separate,  to  dis- 
perse (?)  Sch.  —  3.  C:  loss,  damage  =  gun, 
god.  —  4.  Ld.:  heavy  or  thick  of  hearing, 
*gvd-ndg*  quite  deaf,  deaf  as  a  post.  — 

5.  gud'du  jiig  pa  v.  ^dnpa. 

^^'CJ'  gud-^a  V.  ^d-pa. 

mx-  gun  (6s.  gun-pa)  loss,  damage,  *nd-la 
xj  gun  pocf^  W.  I  have  suffered  a  loss 
(prop,  damage  has  come  over  me). 

^  H  gun-^o  Lh.  expensive,  dear.» 

z^rg;?'  guh-dum  a  bottle-shaped  or  cylin- 
N5    >J,      diical  basket  to  put  fruit  in,  Ld. 
(perh.  akin  to  rkdnrpa). 
^jSI'^'  gum-pa  v.  ^um-pa. 

mr  gu/Vy  resp.  biugs-gw',  yzim-gur  Cs.,  also 
>J  dbu-giir  C,  tent,  gos-gur  Cs.  a  tent  of 
silk,  pyin-gur  of  felt,  sbra  and  re-giir  of 
coarse  yak's  hair  felt,  ras-gur  of  cotton 
cloth ;  rgyal  -  gur  Cs.  'a  king's  pavilion', 
dmag-gur  a  military  tent.  —  gur-m^dg  a 
magnificent  tent,  or  gur-rgydl.  is  used  by 
Chr.  Prot.  for  the  tabernacle.  —  gur-fdg 
the  tent-ropes,  *gur-b^r*  W.,  or  gur-kin  Cs. 
the  tent-poles.  —  gur-fdg  Cs.:  'the  upper 
covering  or  outer  fly  of  a  tent'.  —  g%i/r- 
yzdl  Cs. :  'the  walls  of  a  tent'.  —  gur-kldd 
passage  for  the  smoke  out  of  a  tent,  gur- 


70 


flj^rmSI'  gur- 


^am  lattice  in  the  side  of  it,  and  gur- 
Uom  stakes  supportiDg  the  roof  Sch,j  — 
peculiar  expressions  relating  to  the  felt- 
tents  of  the  Mongol  nomads, 
qrprma^-  rw;TTKJ'  gur-kum,  gur-gum  1. 
>J  \i  '  nJ  xT  saffron,  Croc  us  GZr.,Lf. 
—  2.  marigold,  Calendula,  and  similar  yel- 
low flowers  C, 

m^ZTC;  J^^-S'^^  I^'  a  small  chum  used  for 
\J    nJ     preparing  tea. 
m^ajrraj-  ffur-lpdgs  a  perforated  skin,  a 
nT^  1^     hide  full  of  holes  Sch. 

^rpr^^'  gtd^l  BaL  slowly,  for  gu-le, 

^P}'(3?Tr  gul-ndg  Lt  n.  of  a  medicine. 

q^t-q-  gu8-pa  sbst.  respect,  reverence,  de- 
xT        votion;  also  adj.  respectful,  devout; 

dge-jdun-la  gus-pas  yyag  Jsal-h  the  priest- 
hood 1  respect  with  devotion;  ma-gus-pa 
unbelieving,  undevout  Thgy,;  ^gus-Mb  cd- 
ce^  W.  to  show  a  respectful  willingness  to 
serve;  humble,  gus-par  ^gyur-ha  Cs,:  'to 
humble  one's  self;  in  modem  letters  = 
prariy  your  most  humble  servant. 

TO|'2f  gus-po  i\y  W,y  expensive,  costly,  dear. 

hI'  ge  num.  for  93. 

^^jyge-^d  a  kerchief  for  the  head  hanging 

'    '  down  behind. 
$r^^'  9^"^^^  ^ '  ^^'  ^'  ^^  ^  flower,  Lt  and 

'  elsewhere,  prob.  =  %^;  it  is  said 

to  grow  in  Nepal,  and  to  be  called  also 
pad-ma  gesdr.  —  2.  Hch :  pistil,  but,  like 
ze-jyrus  it  signifies  undoubtedly  the  organs 
of  fructification  in  general,  as  the  natural 
science  of  Tibet  is  certainly  not  acquainted 
with  the  sexual  difierence  in  the  parts  of 
flowers;  ge-^dr-ban  the  lotos  flower  8ch.  — 
3.  n.  of  a  fabulous  king  in  the  north  of 
Tibet,  with  the  epithet  drndg-gi  rgydl-po 
Glr,  and  elsewh.;  ge-sdr-gyi  sgrun  the  fa- 
bulous history  of  the  same. 

gegs  hindrance,  impediment,  obstacle, 
gigs -med' par  without  hindrance, 
unimpeded,  fe-fsdni  dan  gegs  sel-ba  to  re- 
move doubts  and  hindrances  Milr^  ff^ff^- 
byed  bgeg$  a  malignant  spirit,  causing  im- 


$p|^- 


pediments  or  mischief  Zam.;  ^os-indzad 
ydns-la  gegs  byM-pa  to  throw  obstacles  in 
the  way  of  all  pious  people  Pth, ;  sans-rgyds 
mi  fdb'pai  gegs  bH  four  obstacles  to  at- 
taining the  Buddhaship  Thgy,;  also  vnih- 
out  a  negation :  fdb^ai  grogs  ^d-am  gig^- 
su  ^0  will  you  help  me  or  hinder  me  in 
obtaining  .  .  .  ?  MiL\  ^^gritiy-pai  gegs  impe- 
diment to  perfection. 

npi'^'  gil-pa  branch  of  a  tree,  hHi-gel-pa, 

^r  go  1.  numerical  sign  for  123. —  2.  num. 

'    inst.  of  dgu^iu,  in  the  abbreviated  num- 
bers go-ytig  etc.,  91 — 99.  —  3.  for  ^-?a. 
—  4.  for  gd'bo, 
'i^  gd  \.  place,  room,  space  (prob.  ^jrw); 

•  in  this  sense  it  is  used  in  go^ifsams- 
m^d-par  without  intermediate  spaces,  con- 
tinuous; Jb)^  sna  fsogs  go-mfsoTfis-med-par 
skyes  grain  of  every  kind  grew  densely, 
luxuriantly;  go 'mfsams-m^d-par  gdn-ba 
closely  filled  Ta7\  13;  prob.  also  in  go-cod: 
*the  space  is  cut  ofi^,  or  filled  i  e.  the  matter 
is  done  with,  settled,  satisfaction  has  been 
made;  col.  also:  I  have  got  enough,  I  am 
full,  (the  thing  lost  or  missed)  has  been 
found,  restored;  *gho  &'  sott*  or  *jhun  C, 
*go  cdd'Uan  yodT  W.  he  has  managed  the 
business  well,  he  has  executed  his  com- 
mission satisfactorily;  des  rgydlbai  gd  mi 
Sod  by  this  the  victory  has  not  yet  been 
fully  decided  Mil.;  fos  bsam  sgom  ys/kftp- 
gyi  go  Sod  (by  only  once  looking  at  ths 
Ommanipadmehuro)  every  other  hearing, 
thinking,  or  looking  at  is  done  away  with, 
any  thing  further  is  rendered  unnecessary 
Grlr. ;  Uyid'la  go  mi  Sdd-pai  cos  a  doctrine 
not  satisfactory  to  you  J/«7.;  bu  Uah  na 
spyugs  H  pyir  go  mi  Sod  why  should  it  not 
be  sufficient  that  I  be  condemned  to  exile 
instead  of  my  son?  Pth.  —  2.  the  proper 
place  of  a  person  or  thing  among  other 
persons  or  things,  position,  rank,  condition 
of  life,  so  in  many  of  the  following  com- 
pounds, the  word  being  seldom  used  alone: 
pai  g6r  in  the  place,  office,  dignity  of  his 
father  DzL'^  gd-nas  according  to,  in  pro- 
portion to  Glr, ;  go  rgds-na  when  rank  and 


;^; 


o  r. 


M 


71 


^. 


'^'imi'.m'^'^ 


)C/w^vCm|>6.<^  O/vvvi 


L 


Tf'T 


Go-to-??ia 


dignity  are  grown  old  and  gone,  when  the 
position  in  life  has  been  lost  Gh\\  hence 
go-rgds  may  be  applied  to  an  old  maid 
(Schr,);  rdn-ffi  go  ^dug  that  is  my  place, 
my  business,  like  ca;  also  place,  space, 
spot  in  a  ^ill  more  general  sense :  'd-mai 
go-na  at  the  place  of  my  mother,  with  my 
mother  Glr.;  ran-Jag-gi  gd-na  near  the 
mill  Glr.;  go  Iddg-pa  (zlog-pa^  l^g-fci)  to 
change  place,  esp.  to  torn  to  the  contrary 
S.^.;  ndd-go  the  seat  of  a  disease  Sch,; 
gO'byid  is  mentioned  as  a  quality  of  the 
airiS.^f.;  sprin-gyi  go-bar  py^-nas  ^ons^  we 
came  parting  the  space  between  the  clouds 
MU,;  iiprin  dkar  Idin-gi  go-bdg  MilJ  —  3. 
amour,  gen.  gd-cd.  — 

Comp.  go-skdbs  lit.  a  chance  of  taking 
place,  of  existing,  bde-bai  go-skdbs  gd-la 
yod  Pth.,  where  is  there  a  possibility  of 
being  happy?  —  go-skdl  C.  the  share  or 
portion  due  to  a  person  in  accordance  to 
his  rank.  —  go-Kdh  arsenal  Schr.  —  go- 
Brdb  coat  of  mail  with  helmet,  armour. 


of  rank  Glr.  —  2.  succession,  successive 

order,  turn. 

qrpq-  gd'Ica  the  place  (near  the  hearth)  for 

' '      firewood  Mil, 
9pq'  9^-^^  I-  vb.  1.  to  understand,  com- 

'  prehend,  W.  ^hd-go-be*;  go-dJcd-ba 
difficult,  hard  to  be  understood,  go-sld-ba 
easy  to  be  understood,  intelligible;  *gho- 
di^wa  yon*  C.  now  it  becomes  intelligible, 
thus  it  will  be  understood;  go-byed-brdd 
Lex.  an  explaining,  illustrating  symbol; 
gd-zin  rtdg-pa  to  take  in  and  comprehend; 
brdd-ru  go  this  I  understand  to  be  a  sym- 
bol Pth. ;  gd'bai  yul,  go-byai  yul  a  subject 
intelligible  to  all  Schr.  —  2.  to  mean,  to 
imagine,  par  that.  Glr.;  go-^ndr-ba  to  mis- 
understand, to  mistake,  to  be  mistaken.  — 
II.  sbst.  perception,  comprehension,  go- 
ba  bldn^a  Mil.  to  come  to  a  right  com- 
prehension, a  clear  perception  (of  some 
philosophical  or  religious  truth);  gd-bai 
rrydl  -  ba  Lea;. :  'mjdl  -  6a  in  the  sense  of 
perceiving. 


go-^dl  rank,  dignity  Cs.  —  go-grds  id.  Cs.    SffSf  £^^-*^  »  large  eagle  or  vulture,  C.,W. 

—     "'  "  -^  ^     '    '       and  B.;  go-sen^  the  common  black- 

bearded  vulture  of  the  Himalaya,  with  a 
yellow  neck;  go^run  excrements  of  it  Med. 
rfyh^Or  go-byi-la  Med.  n.  of  a  poisonous 
'  ^       medicinal  fruit  Cs. ;  go-bye  Med.  id.? 

^W*  go-yu  Med.,  n.  of  a  flower  Cs. 


—  go-rgds  y.  go  2.  —  gd-ia    1.  armour; 

often  fig. :  bz6d-pai  gd-'Sa  bgd-ba,  or  gdn* 

poy  to  put  on  the  armour  of  patience;  mt- 

jigs-gO'-'Sa  the  harness  of  intrepidity.    2. 

gear,  implemenis,  tools  in  general,  bkraMs 

srunrbai  gd-ca  (charmed)  instruments  used 

for  securing  future  happiness  (in  behalf  of 

a  new-born  infant)  Med.  -  go-mnydm  C     ^f^"  S^o-rd  Cs. ;  'prison,  jail';  prop,  a  court 

of  equal  rank.  -  go-f^  degree  of  dignity  surrounded  by  a  wall. 

or  rank  a.  -  go ^, dun  =  sua-, dun,  of     9f ^-3^- S'^"^^^^  ^  waiting-servant,  page 

different  sorts,  various  Lex.  —  go-lddg  (cf. 

go-lddg-pa)  the  contrary,  reverse,  opposite;    ^^  gd-la  Ssk.  ball,  bullet 

wrong,  perverse,  d^las  go-lddg  the  contrary     ^^.^ 

of  it  Med.:  *go  jug  go-ldg-la*   W.  head     ^^' go-ldg  v.  go-lddg  sub  go  Comp. 

fore-most;  *go-ldg  bd-ce"^  VT.  to  go  to  work 

io  the  wrong  way,  *go-ldg  di-de*  to  write 

wrong.  —go-pdn(s)  1.  degree,  rank,  dignity, 

Udnrfoi  go^dn-la  bkdd-par  ^^gyur-ba  Pth. 

to  be  installed  into  the  dignity  of  a  minister ; 

go-pdn  spdr-ba  Lex.  to  raise  the  dignity. 

2.  model,  pattern,  standard  of  perfection  (?) 

(i.  —  go-mfsdms  v.  go  no.  1.  —  go^-mfydn 

harness  and  weapons.  —  go^m  1.  order 


^*n^  gro-^^  V.  go-cin. 

2(f  ^  yo^<^  rank?  dignity,  *go-sd  ihi-po,  fdn- 
'       po*    W.  high  in  rank. 

^•'r,  ■TST'r.  ^ST"'  %':,^^Z, 

GoU'ta-ma,  the  Gotamide,  the  descendant 
of  Gotama,  which,  among  others,  was  the 
name  of  the  founder  of  the  Nyaya  philo- 


<i' 


A*  n 


72 


^909 


sophy  in  India  (Banerjea  Dialogues  on 
Hindoo  Philosophy  p.  66  f);  but  in  the 
Buddhist  legends  it  is  mentioned  as  the 
name  of  one  of  the  ancestors  of  the  Sa- 
kya-race,  on  which  account  Buddha  is 
often  called  Gautama.  The  difiFerent  forms 
of  this  name  are  used  promiscuously  by 
Tibetan  writers. 


^ 


gog   W,  for  gon^po  a  lump. 


9fprfl^'  9^9'^^l  Whes,  *gog  -  fdl  yum  -  de, 
y^9'^'^y  tin-ce*  W,  to  spread  ashes 
(viz.  on  the  snow,  in  order  to  increase 
the  effects  of  the  sun,  and  to  accelerate 
the  thawing  of  the  snow), 
^prn*  9^9^?^  1-  to  crawl  (of  little  children). 

'  '  ~  2.  to  cramble  off,  to  scale  off 
(of  the  plaster  of  a  wall,  of  scurf  etc.). 
9p]'2f  9^-1^  dilapidated,  ruinous,  KdnQ-fo) 
9^9('P^)  *  house  in  ruins;  mk'ar- 
gdg  a  dilapidated  castle;  of  clothes:  out 
of  repair,  ragged;  zin-gdg  a  field  lying 
waste;  dpe-gdg  an  antiquated,  worthless 
book;  gog-gdg  Cs,:  'the  sound  of  a  some- 
what broken  vessel', 
aj--  goii  1.  price,  value,  also  ^ow-fd^  Glr.^ 

'      frq.;  gon  dpyddrpa  (often  also  bcdd- 
pa,  inconsistent  with  etymology)   to  ap- 


prize, 


to  fix 


has  been  said,  explained  above;  gdn^du 
smdS'jya  the  above  mentioned;  gdn-gi  .  .  . 
zes  smds'pa  the  above  statement  that .  .  .; 
sna  gon  bod-kyi  rgydl-po  the  former  (an- 
cient) Tibetan  kings;  gah  and  ^og  like  our 
subdivisions  of  a  and  J,  the  first  and  se- 
cond part,  division  or  section  of  a  book, 
ba-gon  and  ba-^og  Volume  XV  Section  1 
and  2;  the  face  and  the  back  of  a  leaf: 
bzirgon  folio  4,  a.  —  gansku-y^ogSy  a  title, 
like  our:  his  highness,  excellence,  eminence 
Sch.  V.  sku. 
Sfr-gf     ^-q  9^n'po,  gdn-Jm,   W.  yog\ 

'        '     i   >^  lump,  mass,  heap,  clot,  sa- 
go A-po  a  lump  of  flesh  DzL\  Urag-gdn  a 
clot  of  blood  Glr,;  ^boUgdn*  6'.,  ^sa-ffdg* 
W.y  clod,  glebe;  *lia'g6g*   W,  snow-ball. 
SfJT'n'  90n'ba,   W,  *g6n'na*,  gds-Jcyi  gdn- 

'  ba,  collar,  gon-ba-nas  ^dzin-pa  to 

seize  by  the  collar.  kijL  t(rfL»^4^?ww  £. 
9fiC'W  9^^'""^  a  higher  one,  a  superior; 

'  the  former,  the  first  named,  gdn-^ma 

bzin-du  like  the  former;  rgydl-ba  gdn-ma 
the  most  high,  the  divine  Buddha  MU.: 
gon-ma  ce,  gon-ma  chi-po  the  most  high, 
applied  to  worldly  sovereigns,  as:  rgyon 
nag  gdn-ma  the  emperor  of  China  C, ;  gon- 
ma  -  mams  Mil  the  gods  (the  'superi'  of 
the  ancients),  among  whom  according  to 
the  doctrines  of  Buddhism  the  Lamas  are 
included.-^^^'^  *>'-^  '^  '^^^'.-j-^^'  ^^  tk'^K. 


a  price;  gon  brgydb-pa  C, 
(goH  ^rig-pa   Schr.^  Sch.)  id.  —  2.  the 

above,   in  space  as   well  as  in   time,   (in  ,       ,  ... 

Khavu>  e.  g   it  is  used  as  a  sbst.,   signi-     Sc'^  90^-^  f^^^^on,  white  growe,  Ika- 

mo*   W.,  gon-m^eg  id.  (?);  gon -yog  Sch.: 
wood  -  grouse,  cock  of  the  wood,  Tetrao 


fying:  elevated,  alpine  pasture -grounds); 
the  above  said,  the  former,  referring  to  a 
preceding  part  or  passage  of  a  book,  gon 
dan  mfun,  gon  dan  ^drd-bar,  gon-bHuj  gon- 
mfsitns  as  above  (mentioned);  prin  gon 
^og  ^dz6l-ba  to  confuse  a  message,  to  make 
a  medley  of  it  Glr. ;  gdn-du,  gdn-na,  gdn- 
nas^  gdfi-la  1.  adv.  over  it,  on  it,  thereon, 
above,  from  above.  2.  postp.  c.  genit.  or 
accus.:  on,  above,  over,  before,  sgo  gin- 
du  over  the  door;  ydb  -kyi  gdh  -  du  jlas, 
he  died  before  his  father  Glr.;  del  gdn-du 
before  this  time  Glr.;  ma  tsogs  g&ii-du  be- 
fore they  are  assembled;  g&n-gi  the  former, 
the  above  mentioned;  g&h-gi  de-mams 
those  preceding;  gdn-du  bhdd-pa  Itar  as 


uTOgallus.  '^•e*^^'^  '^\t^  H\i^sM:4.Vj^ 
qfc'(5|'  gon-zk  C.  paper  lantern. 

g^i^'  god^  W.  ^gdd-Uct'  Dzl.  god-pa,  Cs.  gdd- 
'^  ma  1 .  loss,  damage,  god  ^yur-ba  Thgy., 
*ghg'-la  jdo-ava^  C,  *god-la  M-c^  W.,  to 
sufiFer  loss,  e.g.  ndr  -  la  or  nor,  a  loss  of 
money  and  property;  god-pa  vb.  id.,  *nor 
gdd^*  W.  have  you  had  a  loss?  2.  C. 
punishment 
SK'  gon  the  common  gourd,  pumpkin  W. 

9fwrq'  gdn-pal.yh.io  put  on  (clothes,  shoes), 
'  '       mgd-la  ^a  gdn-pa  to  put  on  a  cap. 


r&^^^^^^   '' 


l^?^^        '\,    ^O^  V.  y/     ^^l    ,      , 


'TO'SS'  gob^non 


73 


^  9y<^ 


—  II.  sbst.  coat,  clothing  ScL;  ^gdn-lSe^ 
Lh,y  Ld.y  ^gdn-ma*  Bal.  id. 
Hq^fr  gob-ndn  (spelling  uncertain),  ^gob^ 
'  '   non  hd-cey  tdn-be^  gydb-ce^   W.  to 
tease,  vex,  irritate. 

^fe^n*  gom^a  1.  a  pace,  step,  gdm-^pa  Jb&r- 
'  ba  to  make  a  step,  to  pace;  gdm- 

pa  bdun  Jb&r-^a  Glr.  5,  2  and  elsewh. :  to 
make  seven  steps,  as  a  ceremony,  which 
may  also  be  counted  equivalent  to  a  reli- 
gious pilgrimage^  the  actual  performance 
of  which  is  not  possible:  g&m-pa  ^ddr-ba 
prob.  =  Jbdr-ba;  g&m-pa  ^dibs-pa  and  skyiU 
ba  Ll  ff  —  g&mr-pai  stabs  the  (peculiar) 
manner  of  stepping  Zam,;  ^pru-gu-la  gom- 
ion  Idb-ce*  W.  U>  teach  a  httle  child  to 
walk;  *gom  cdg-t^  to  stride  solemnly  a- 
long;  ^gcm-jdr^  col.  a  veranda  (?).  —  2. 
the  'pas'  in  dancing. 

9m^q*  9<^'^^'P0'  accustomed,  wonted,  wont 

'  c  dat. ;  kUg^Or-la  gdms-hui  prac- 

tising (the  art  of)  reading  DzL;  g&ms-par 
byid-pa,  and  ^yur-ba  c.  dat  and  accus., 
to  accustom  one's  self  to  a  thing,  to  prac- 
tise; mi  g&m^pa  unaccustomed;  *mi  dan 
gdm-t^  W.  accustomed  to  man,  tame,  do- 
mesticated: ^ghow'llye'*  C.  a  habit,  custom. 
Sjk'jT  9^  "  '"^  ^-  •   *  general  name  for 

'  stone;  Sch,:  stones,  rubble,  bowl- 

der-stones. 
inr^xnr  gor-ma-cdgy  eleg.  gor-ma-bkumy 

^  '  certain,  sure,  indubitable,  de 
Jbyun-ba  gor-ma-cdg-go  his  coming  is  quite 
sure  Wdn.;  di  yin  gor-ma-'Sag-go  that  it 
is  this,  is  quite  certain  Stg,  frq  ;  gor-Tna- 
(lag-par  adv.  certainly. 
9fe'^  9<^''"M  1.  round,  circular  Sch,;  got*- 

'  g&r  Med,  id.  —  2.   W.  a  rupee. 

1"**^  *^  5'(^-^«-^a  V.  tsdn-da-na. 
5]^^  gdl'ba  v.  ^dl^a, 

gf«l'  go8  1.  resp.  nd-bzay  garment,  dress.  — 
'  2.  in  some  compounds  sill(.  —  rgydn- 
g6s  fine  clothes  Glr,;  rgyun-gos  6'.,  W,y  an 
every  day  coat;  ^s-gos  clerical  garb  or 
garments  Schl.  170,  Bum,  I,  306,  Kopp, 
L  339,  II.  266;  mfdn-gos  ^  sort  of  petti- 


coat  worn  by  the  monks,  having  many 
plaits  and  folds,  like  the  kilt  of  the  High- 
landers, but  longer  and  of  one  colour;  pd" 
gos  man's  dress ;  bld-^os  an  upper  garment, 
a  kind  of  toga;  md-gos  a  woman's  gown; 
yzdb^os  holiday  clothes,  opp.  to  rgyun-gos 
C,^  W,  —  gos  gon-pa,  gydn-pa  to  put  on, 
Jmd'pa  to  take  o£F,  brje-ba  to  change 
clothes;  brts^s-pa  Sch,:  to  put  one  gar- 
ment over  the  other;  gos  bUg-pa  to  tuck 
up,  by  drawing  the  front  skirts  under  the 
girdle;  gos  Iddb-pa  to  lay  or  fold  a  coat 
together;  gos  spu-ma  a  coat  of  napped  cloth. 
Comp.  gos'skud  sill(-thread.  —  gos-sgdb 
sicirt  or  flap  of  a  coat.  —  gos-sgdm  box, 
chest,  or  press  for  clothes,  wardrobe.  — 
goS'ifM^  col.  go-heny  silk  fabrics,  silks.  — 
gos-myin  an  old  coat  or  dress.  —  gos-fun 
trowsers  Glr,y  C,  —  gos-mtd  =  gos'Sgab,  — 
gos-ndg  a  black  garment,  a  female  dress. 

—  gos-bzdn  a  beautiful  dress,  fine  clothes 
(as  an  object  of  show),  festival  raiment. 
gos'ldg  (in  W,  also  pronounced  ^goi-ldg,  go- 
lag*  in  C.  *gho-ld^)  dress,  clotiies,  body- 
linen;  ^gos-ldg  fu-be^   W,  to  wash  linen. 

9fer^'  g6s-pa  pf.  of  bgo-ba, 

iwgya  num.instead  of  brgydd-bu^  in  the  ab- 
^  breviated  numbers  jryo-/^^  etc.  81 — 89. 
^r  gya^  a  root,  the  meaning  of  which  is 
^  not  quite  settled  yet;  it  occurs  in  tbe 
following  combinations:  gycf'-gy^  (fis,: 
crookedness?)  intrigues,  secret  machinations 
C,y  W,;  yndd-sims  dan  bslu-bai  gya-gyu 
sogs  malicC)  deceitful  tricks  and  the  like; 
gya-gyu'ban  crafty,  deceitful,  fraudulent, 
e.g.  sems;  gya-gyu  bySd-pa  to  intrigue,  to 
plot.  —  gya-ma-gyii  1 .  of  rivers  etc. :  quiet, 
calm,  gently  flowing  along  Mil,  2.  of 
a  man:  cautious,  close,  reserved,  so  that 
one  does  not  know  what  to  think  of  him, 
ni  f.  —  gyornyh  Mil,  was  explained :  mar- 
velous, inexplicable,  of  men,  occurrences  etc. 

—  gya-nom-p^Cs, :  'contentment,  joy' ;  yet 
the  context  in  several  passages  of  Mil, 
suggests  the  signification :  abundance,  suf- 
ficiency. —  gya-rtsdm^  gya^tsdm   haste, 


hurry,  rashness  Cs^      c^  ^ 


7^^' 


^•-TO^c^^   t/oC.vU^4 /^/-^^^'^^-^ 


xrrq*  iiy^'^^  deformed,  disfigured,  having 
^       lost  his  or  her  former  beauty  Cs. 

MjMl'^'  gydg-pa  diminished  Cs,;  v.  ^gydg-pa, 

qr'  $r'  9V^^^9y^^  P"8^>  earth  or  clay 
"^  '  "^^  stamped  into  moulds,  and  fre- 
quently used  as  building- material  in  Sp., 
jLd.,  and  other  parts  of  Tibet;  gyahsgr&m 
pis^- mould;  gyah-skdr  pis^-wall  round 
an  estate  or  village  Glr,;  gyah-ra  cattle- 
yard  constructed  of  pis^;  gycm-tse  terrace 
wall  of  pis6  Ld,;  gyan-rvm  one  layer  of 
pise^  i.e.  as  much  as  is  stamped  in  at  a 
time,  about  one  ell  in  height;  this  frequently 
serves  for  a  measure  of  the  depth  of  the 
snow  MU, ;  gyan-n's  fresco  or  wall-painting. 
OT--  gyad^  also  gydd-pay  Ssk.  ^j  1.  a 
"^  '  cliainpion ,  a  man  of  great  physical 
strength,  an  athlete,  frq.;  dor-dun  gydd-gyi 
tscU  ^an  let  us  try  once  more  our  strength 
in  fighting  MiL\  gydd-rdo  giant-stone,  i.e. 
a  stone  which  only  a  giant  is  able  to  lift 
Mil.  —  2.  n.  of  a  people  Tar,  11,  10. 
I    mr*'  ffy<^^^9y^  ^^d'>  ffy<^n'rgyui  bu-ga, 

qm«  gyam  a  slielter,  a  grotto  large  and 
"^  wide,  but  not  deep  (cf.  skyibs),  brag- 
gyam  a  shelter  under  a  rock;  gdd-gyam 
a  grotto  beneath  a  conglomerate  rock ;  pon- 
gydm  (for  porbo/i-gyam)  a  shelter  under  a 
beetling  rock:  gydm-bu  a  little  cover  or 
shelter  Cs. 

m^^K'  ffy<^'^9y^^  P^ob.  =  gyodrUa,  god-pa 
^    ^^  loss,  damage. 

HJ'  gyi  for  gyiy  after  n,  m^  i\  I;  v.  kyi, 

'^/q-x  gyi-na^'bd)  1.  bad,  coar8e,''mean, 
'  ^  poor,  miserable,  of  food,  clothes 
etc.;  gyi-na  Jsd'ba  a  miserable,  starving 
life  Pth.  —  2.  unsteady,  fickle  Schr. 
§rSt'  gyi'ltn  Glr.  n.  of  an  excellent  breed 
^  of  horses. 

^Dj*  gyig  caoutchouc,  India  rubber,  gyig-Hn^ 

gyig-sdon  caoutchouc-tree  Sik. 

Sic  9y^^  ^'  of  ^  ^^^'t-y  P^^-y  P^rh.  =  kin- 
^      kdn. 

%Cf^  ^m-wo  W.  gently  sloping,  gradu- 
^  ally  descending  or  subsiding. 


^'  gydn 


^  gyin  v.  kyin. 


gyim-bdg  amalgam;  gyim^bag-gk 
Jyyug-pa  to  gild  in  the  fire  Schr, 

Sl^'  99^  ^'  ^^^^-  ^f  ^y^y  "ft^^  liquid  let- 

^       ters.  —  2,  V.  bgyidrpa. 

qj-  gyu  Cs.  =  gya-gyu^  cf.  also  sgyu.  — 

^  gyu'ba  v  ^gyu-ba. 

— j-.-jr:  gyiih-ro  v.  gydn-ro;  gyur  v.  ^^r- 

^  ba. 

^vm  ^^^-^ crookedness,  curve;  hunch,  hump, 

^  ND  crookback,  crooked ;  gye-giP-ban  of  a 

camel,  gyi-gur  ^dug-pa  being  crooked,  of 

trees,  opp.  to  dran-po,  Stg. 

[jC  gye-gdn  n.  of  a  Bonpo  idol  (?)  MU. 


^'  gy^n  v.  ^a/i. 

3^'^'  99^d'pa  V.  ^gyid-pa. 

^MT  5:y^  (opp-  ^  ^^0  up?  upward,  up-hHI, 
^  '  mostly  followed  by  du  or  Za,  gyen-^ 
^dzig-pa  to  mount  up,  to  ascend;  gyM-du 
rdzi'ba  to  turn  up,  to  cock  (a  hat  or  cap); 
above,  on  the  surface,  gyM-du  lus-pa  to 
keep  above  (water)  Glr.  ^gyen-la  ddh-po* 
W.  perpendicular,  vertical;  gyen^^dd  (opp.  to 
man-^dd)  the  upper  part  of  a  country, 
pu-rtg  gyen-Md  Upper  Purig,  Ld.'Glr. 
Schl.  26,  b.  also  sbst.:  gyen  fzdr-po  a  steep 
ascent  C. 

3^  ffyer  V.  dgyer-ba. 

3^'  99^  V-  o99^'^^' 

m'^  gyo-mo  1.  gravel,  grit  Dzl^  Stg.  — 
^  2.  potsherd  Cs.;  gyo-dum  id.  -  3. 
tile,  brick  Sck.;  gyo-mgd  id.;  clay- vessel. 
In  an  aUegorical  comparison  of  the  body 
with  a  house,  the  hair  of  the  head  is^  said 
to  be  like  a  pd-gyo  mo-gycA  rdza  Med.'i 
gyo-rtsi  Wdn.f 

Efirn-q-  9y^9'P^  curved,  crooked  Cs,\  gydg- 
^  '  po  left-handed,  awkward  Sch. 
^W  ^^S^  ^  •  pronounced  *ghyog,  ghyo*, 
^  '  tor  sgyogs  cannon,  large  gun. 
^-  gydn  want,  need,  indigence,  Ito-gds-kyi 
"^  gydn  Ug-pa  to  be  able  to  endure  want 
of  food  and  clothes  Mil, ;  Jitir  -  ia  to  be 


^ffyod 

reduced  to  want.  —  gydn-po  (cf.  kyon-po) 
hard,  harsh,  rough,  rude,  impolite,  (^rab-) 
Ica-ffy^n-po  hard-mouthed ;  f/yon-rd  a  dried 
op  body,  a  mummy  Sch.;  metaph.  cU/ra" 
gydn  a  hard,  cruel,  dangerous  enemy;  Ua- 
gyoTt'M  very  rude,  impudent  MiL 

^'  gyod  V.  ^yodrpa, 

^^  gy6d-Ua  loss;  quarrel,  law-suit  Sch, 

^firq*  gy&n-^a  to  put  on,  to  wear  =  ydn- 
"^^  pa';  lus'la  gydn-pai gos  the  garment 
that  one  wears  DzL;  gy^h-rgyu  materials 
for  clothing  Mil. 

9»f2lf  9y^  'P^  father-  in  -  law ,  gyds  -  mo 
"^  mother-in-law,  gyos-sgyug  parents- 

in-law  DzL^  Sig.  (In  Ld.  this  word  is 
rather  avoided,  sounding,  as  it  is  pronoun- 
ced there,  much  like  the  obscene  rgyd-ba.) 
qrgt-va  1.  angle,  comer  DzL  7^c^,  13;  lap, 
^  lappet,  extremity,  gds-kyi  gr^a  coat-tail 
Tar.  98,  10  (seldom  used).  —  2.  school, 
kMg-grva  a  reading-school  Cs.;  sgdm-grva 
Glr.  and  elsewhere:  a  meditating-school; 
siidgs-grca  a  school  for  mystical  theology 
6«.;  Jtul-g^rva  Glr.  a  training-school,  se- 
minary ;  smdn-^rvd  a  medical  school ;  rtszs- 
grva  a  school  where  mathematics  are 
taught;  yig-grva  a  writing -school  6«.  — 
3.  a  ceH  Cs.  (?)  —  4.  sometimes  ior  grvd-pa. 
Comp.  grvd-kan  school-house,  school- 
room ;*/a6-rfa-Aaw*  TT.id.—  ^n^d^a  scholar, 
disciple,  generally;  monk,  the  lowest  eccle- 
siastical grade;  grvd-pa  byed-pa  to  become 
or  to  be  a  monk.  —  grvd-dpon  school-master 
Ci.  —  grva-prug  SChOOl-boy.  —  gi^vd-fsdn 
the  apartments  in  great  monasteries,  where 
the  monks  belonging  to  the  same  theolo- 
gical confession  live  together.  —  grva-fsdgs 
convention  of  monks.  —  *da^dg*  cell  C, 
W.  —  grva-aa  monastery,  grva-sa  l^hi-po 
a  great  monastery;  a  school  attached  to 
such  a  one;  mfsan-nyid'-kyi  grvd-sa  iig  a 
school  of  the  Tsannyidpa  sect;  dei  stdn- 
pa- mams  the  teachers  of  such  a  school 

Ma. 

^  grd-ti  plate,  dish  Ld. 


75 


crpprq'  grdgs-pa 


z^rn*  ^^-^^  1-  sbst.,  also  grorpdd  'a  muzzlo' 
^  Sch.;  a  net  before  the  window,  to 
prevent  passers-by  from  looking  into  the 
room  Schr.  —  2.  vb.  to  carve  in  wood. 
OT^r  S^«-^«  1-  *  beard  of  com,  awn,  Jyru 
^  grd-ma^han  bearded,  awned  plants, 
such  as  com  etc.  (opp.  to  Jbru  gdn-bu-can 
leguminous  plants)  S.g.;  the  bones  offish 
V.  nya.  —  Zam.:  a  tree  or  shrub,  prob. 
the  Tibetan  furze,  Caragana  versicolor.  — 
3.  a  disease  of  the  genitals,  perh.  venereal 
boils  (condyloma)  Med. 
zrarq*  9^<^'P<^  I-  sbst.  1.  noise,  rumour, 
'^'  talk,  Cs.  —  2.  the  principal  or  most 
distinguished  amongst  several  persons  Mil. 

—  n.  vb.  =  o9'f'^9-p(^y  ^*^  y^^  ^^  9^^' 
par  so  that  not  even  the  name  is  men- 
tioned any  more  Pth. 

cnTOrq-  9^^9^'1>^  I-  vb-  ^  •  ta  bind  Thgy.y 
^  '  C,   W.,  e.g.  grSs-po  a  load,  a 

burden,  also  grds-pa  Thgy.;  perh.  also 
^grdgs-pa,  ^dgs-pa  q.v.  —  2.  pf.  of  ^grdg- 
pa.  —  II.  sbst.  1.  fame,  reputation,  cha- 
racter by  report,  grdgs-pa  ndn-^a  ill  name, 
bad  repute  Pih. ;  rumour,  report,  del  grdgs- 
pa  chh'po  byun  the  report  of  it  spread, 
was  circulated;  in  most  cases  it  signifies 
good  name,  renown,  anydn-pa  dan  grdgs- 
pas  sai  sten  tamfts-  bdd  Hydb-pa  Glr.  the 
whole  earth  was  filled  with  (his)  fame  and 
renown;  snyan-grdgs  id. (Cs. ;  good  tidings); 
grdgS'pa-dan,  snydn- grogs -ban  illustri- 
ous, renowned;  rgym'i-nas  grdgs-pa  ce-ba 
of  great  renown,  of  celebrity  at  a  distance, 
(of  less  significance  when  more  closely 
examined);  fame,  glory,  my^drpa  dan grdgs- 
pa- la  MgS'pas  DzL,  greedy  of  gain  and 
fame;  grdgs-pa-^en-po  is  also  the  name  of 
a  goddess  •=  dpah-lha-mo.  —  grogs  =  grdgs- 
pa:  grdgs'^dod-ban  desirous  of  glory  MiL ; 
grdgs-dan  W.  (pronounced  ^rdg-bdn*^  fa- 
mous, renowned;  beautiful,  splendid,  glorious; 
proud,  haughty  (in  this  case  perh.  for  drigs- 
pa^ban).  —  grdgs-^dzin-ma^  Ssk.  i{^V|4^, 
ei^qffl,  the  second  wife  of  Buddha,  ace. 
to  others  the  second  name  of  his  first  wife. 

—  2.  cry,   outcry,  clamour  (perh.  better 


76 


^nC'^'  grdn-ba 


?r 


ffn 


written  grdg-pa\  dga-^dgs  ^ur-ba  to  raise 
shouts  of  joy. 

OT-'fl"  grdn-ba^  W.  ^ddn-mo*^  I.  adj.  cold, 
'^  cool,  grdn-bai  ynas  a  cool  place; 
^ddn-mo  rag*  W.,  'dhdn-ghi  ^du^  C.  I 
am  cold. 

II.  sbst  coldness,  cold,  grdn-ba  ni  drd- 
bar  gyur  the  cold  changed  into  warmth 
DzL :  *mM'fog  ddn-mo  pog*  W.  the  cold  has 
struck,  killed,  the  flowers.  —  gran-ndd  the 
cold  fit  of  the  a^ue,  *dhan'fi*  (lit.  m/iris) 
C.  id.  —  *dan-ndd^  W.  synoD.  with  grum- 
buy  gout,  rheumatism,  arthritic  pain;  gran- 
dro  cold  and  warmth,  gran-dro-mSd-pai  ras- 
kydn  JH  this  thin  cloth  which  constitutes 
my  clothing,  in  warm  and  in  cold  weather 
MU.^  V.  Tnidrfa;  also  warmth  in  a  relative 
sense,  temperature.  —  gran-hiim  Lty  grcm- 
hum  by^drpa  to  shiver  with  cold  Sckr. 

III.  vb.,  also  grans-pa  1.  to  get  or  grow 
cold,  grdns-su  bbug-pa  Lea,  to  let  grow 
cold ;  grans  ^6-bar  ^dug  it  will  grow  cold 
MIL;  gi'an  mi  bya  one  must  not  suffer 
(the  child)  to  catch  cold  Lt  —  2.  to  count, 
judge,  consider,  v.  bgrdn-ba;  also  Zam.: 
bes  grdn-naan  though  such  may  be  sup- 
posed; Cs,  and  Schr,  have  also  gran  per- 
haps, yin  gi^an  perhaps  it  may  be  so, 
qir*j'  granSy  col.  also  *dan-ka*y  Ssk.  ^j;^ 
^         number,  frq.,   Ian  grans- dii -mar  a 

number  of  times  MiL;  grans-m^d-fa^  eleg. 
granS'-ma-mcis-pa  innumerable;  grdns-ban 
numerous  (?)  Cs,;  grdns-ban-pa  the  atheistic 
Sankhya  sect  of  the  Brahmans  (Ban.  p. 
66);  *dd-ddn  hdg-dan  gydb-be*  W.  to  date 
(lit.  to  write  down  the  number  of  month 
and  day) ;  grans  ^d^bs-pa  or  rtsi-ba  to  count 
Cs,  —  grafiS'brdd  (Cs.  Gram.  §  235)  sym- 
bolical numerals,  certain  nouns,  which  in 
some  books  are  used  instead  of  the  usual 
numerals,  e.g.  mig^  eye,  for  'two\ 
mC5TCI'  ff^^^'P^  ^o  grow  cold,  V.  grdn- 
^  balU, 

^[P'3P1'  ^rai-r^^a^f  pride,  boasting  Sch, 

cnq^'  9^^^^  ^  •  preparation,  arrangements, 

'^      measures;  a  contrivance,  grabs  byM- 

pa  to  make  preparations  for,  to  be  on  the 


point  of,  frq.,  ^grd-bai  grabs  bySd-pa^  to  make 
preparationsfordeparting,;'ad(]{-^d&sy(k(-}>at 
fs^-^ia  just  as  preparations  were  made  for 
slaughtering  them  Mil.;  *1io  kyug  dhabjhe"* 
C\  he  is  getting  sick,  is  going  to  vomit; 
Hdb-grabsy  ^dzin-grabs  the  making  one's  self 
ready  for  combat  —  2.  col.  also  for  gros, 
deliberation,  *n€  iHr  dhab  )he'  dug''  C.  they 
are  deliberating  about  me;  *nan-ndn-ni 
dabs  fun-ne*  W,  on  mutual  agreement. 
jMT-q-  grdm-pa  1.  swamp,  marsh,  fen  Lex. 
'^  —  2.  ^rhn-pa  Mng. 

qm"  graly  SsH.  irfag  1.  row,  series,  class, 
"^  esp.  a  row  of  persons,  gral(-du)  sgrig- 
pa  to  order,  to  dispose  in  rows,  in  rank  and 
file;  grdl-gyi  fdg-ma^  Itag,  gon,  more  frq. 
gral^mgd  the  upper  end  of  a  row,  the  up- 
permost place,  the  seat  at  the  head  of  the 
table;  fd-ma,  ^og  or  gral'7ryug(^-yhig)  the 
lower  end;  gral  mgd-ma  the  first,  the  head 
person  Mil. ;  yyas-grdl  the  right-hand  end, 
^yon-grdl  the  left-hand  end;  gral-fim  C. 
claim,  title,  rgan-yion-gral-rim  the  right 
of  seniority ;  grdlrpa  a  beer-house  customer; 
gral-ytdm  tap-house  talk  Mil.\  dban-ffrdl 
the  row  of  supplicants  for  a  benediction; 
mlSed-grdgs  dan  dhan-grdl  m,fun  dus-su 
MiL  if  you  sit  with  your  fellow-believers 
in  one  row,  on  one  mat;  *lle-ddl-la  hid 
son*  W.  he  has  entered  into  the  row,  the 
class,  of  adults.  —  2.  bench.  —  3.  propor- 
tionality (?),  *ken-rin  dal-mM  dan*  W.  with 
his  disproportioned  length  and  breadth,  his 
unwieldiness.  —  4.  *mi  h'g-la  dal  Hg  dig- 
be*  W,  (lit.  sgrig-pa)  W.  to  play  a  trick 
to  a  person. 

OT3^'^'  ff^^i-''^^  a  small  beam,  rafter,  Cs.; 
'^  grdlr-buj  gral-pydm  S.g.  roof-laths, 

sticks  which  are  laid  close  together  and 
covered  with  earth. 

m^'  gras  class,  order,  series;  rank,  dignity; 
-"^    tribe  Cs. 

m^n'  grds-pa  1.  for  drds-pa.  —  2.  to 
^  bind,  V.  grdgs-pa. 

^  gri  (so  pronounced  in  Pur.)   1.  taiife, 
•^   gris  yhod'pay  ^di  dan  bdd-be*  W.y  to  cut 
with  a  knife,  but  also  grir  rndmrpay  ysdd- 
pay  ^iim-pa  Ma:  to  kill  with  a  knife; 


■i .. 


rJr,-  ' 


V- 


^Spr  gri-mdg 


77 


Orp^q'  grulnpa 


griridy  gri-dndy  gri-M  the  edge  of  a  knife; 
ffri'ldm  lit.  *the  path  of  the  knife',  the  cut, 
incision ;  gri-gug  Pth,  a  short,  crooked  sabre 
or  sword,  falchion,  cimeter;  grirhd  flesh  of 
a  man  that  has  been  killed  with  a  sword, 
(used  in  sorcery).  —  2.  Lt:  dar-mai  gri? 
Hp^pr  grir^mdg  v.  grib-ma. 

^ig'q'  gririrfa  Mil.^  prob.  =  sgrin-po  skil- 
'^     fill,  clever. 

§jq-  grib  1 .  shade,  grib  -  Icj/i  pu  Glr.  the 
"^  shady  part  of  a  valley  on  the  north 
side  of  a  mountain  range,  cf.  sribs;  grib- 
yyogz  the  side  not  exposed  to  the  sun; 
north  side,  col.,  grib-lhdgs  the  coolness  of 
the  shade,  the  cool  shade  ScL;  grib -ma 
""dirmdg*  W,  Shadow  (cast  by  an  object); 
dei  grib -ma  gdri-la  jpdg-pa  on  whom  his 
shadow  falls;  grib-fsdd  a  dial  Cs.  —  2. 
Sfiot,  filthy  defilemeni,  contamination,  mostly 
in  a  religious  sense :  grib  yon  pollution  a- 
rises;  ro-grib  defilement  by  a  corpse;  grib- 
9il  name  of  a  Buddha;  grib'(kyi8)  nongyi 
ydon  a  demon  that  defiles  and  poisons  the 
food,  a  harpy;  "Uo-la  (lib  yog  sori*  W,  C, 
he  is  crack-brained,  not  in  his  right  mind; 
*dib'ban*  stubborn,  refractory,  whether 
from  stupidity,  or  from  ill-will. 

MJSrq'  grim-pa  to  hasten,  to  hurry  Sch. 
^|5r^  grim-tae  Sik.  a  pair  of  scissors. 

%^^  5Twn«  MedJ  (Lex.  fPTT^  quadran- 
*^  gular,  regular,  harmonious)  Schr.: 
intelligent,  clever. 

^jOj*  gril  (cf.  ^l-ba)  a  roll,  ^og^ril  roll- 
ed paper,    a  paper -roll;  gos-gril  a 
garment  folded  up  Cs.;  gril-Ka  byM-pa  to 
make  up  a  parcel  Sch. 

mgrul.  boat,  ferry,  ship,  vessel,  also  a  hide 
^  blown  up  with  air,  used  for  crossing 
rivers  =  *ko'dhu*  C. ;  gru-hdn  id. ;  gi^u^dn- 
pa  ferry-man;  gru-la  Idn-pa  to  go  on  a 
ferry.  Comp,  gru-Uay  grvr-Miv-Uay  gru^tmi" 
«a  C.  starting-  or  landing-place  of  a  ferry. 

—  grvr-gld,  grvritsd»  fare,  passage-money, 
a  boat-man's  fee.  —  grii-pa  ferry-man.  — 
gnnipdn  ship-master,  master  of  a  vessel. 

—  gru^'boy  gen.  gru-yzinsy  ship.  —  gni- 


^dzvn  (iitTRr)  ancient  name  of  Tatta,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Indus,  ancestral  seat  of 
the  Sh«kya  race,  whence  the  name  is  trans- 
ferred to  the  residence  of  the  Dalai  Lama 
in  Lhasa,  v.  Kopp.  II,  342.  —  2.  (Ci.  gru^ 
ma)  angle,  corner,  convex  or  concave,  also 
edge,  border,  brim;  gru-ymm^  grvr-bH  etc. 
triangle,  quadrangle;  gru-fsum-pa  trian- 
gular; dkyiUJcor  gru-bzi-pa  itg  Jbri^a  to 
draw  a  quadrangular  figure,  a  square;  ^dom- 
gdngru-biiy  a  surface  six  feet  square;  dbyibs 
grurhkir  yod  S.g.;  ^du-nar-can*  W.  rhom- 
boidal ;  grvr^on^Cs.gru^gyd^  oblique  angled ; 
gru-drdii  right-angled  6's. ;  gru-Uun  v.  mfo- 
gon.  —yul-gru  place,  village,  town,  country. 

—  3.  lustre,  of  precious  stones,  gru-dmdr 
a  reddish  lustre  MiLnt. 

zm^  Sf^'ff^  1-  clew,  hank.  —  2.  n.  of  a 

>d       country. 

^\^^  gru-Mr  'a  fine,  fertile  rain'  Sch. 

^t^  %^  ^^ii-?no,  gri -mo  elbow,  grit- 
<i  '  ^  Tnor  ka-tvdm-ka  bziiii^a  hold- 
ing a  trident  in  his  arm  jftA.;  d^-la  grit^ 
moipuWd^g  big  byds-nas  pushing  him  with 
his  elbow  Mtl.;grU'8yg  byed-pa  id.;  gru-moi 
higy  the  hollow  of  the  elbow-joint  Glr. 
^'^grvAdy  or  grtc-^d^  n.  of  a  country  Pth. 

^prq•  grug-pa  to  break  into  small  pieces, 
d^'  to  crumble,  to  bruise  Dzl;  gi^-pai 
Jbras  bruised  rice  Schr.;  rua-pa  ^ag-grugs 
firacture  of  a  bone  Med,;  grugs-bu  some- 
thing broken. 

mC'^'  '^'^F  ff^^'^^j  grun-po.,  fern  .gruh- 
d  '  >d  mo  \.  wise,  prudent  Mil; 
also:  grum-pa  lags  very  learned  Sir!  Thgr. 

—  2.  meek,  mild,  gentle  Cs. 

qiq-  grub  Ld.  all,  *dvb  M  son*  all  are  dead; 
>d  *dvb  zas  son*  it  has  all  been  eaten 
up,  (v.  the  next  word), 
mxq*  grub-pa,  pf.  of  ^^jgriib-pa  1.  made 
-3  ready,  complete;  perfect;  {ma  grid)- 
pa  also:  not  existing);  gruh-pai  rajii-byon 
spyavr^as-yzigs  Glr.  the  perfect,  by  him- 
self originated,  Awalokiteswara  =  Ihun-gyis 
griib-pa;  don  fams-tdd  grub^ay  don-gruby 
^jl^ftHi  f^rrnl  ^^^^  fulfilment  of  every 
wish'  n.  of  Buddha,   also   of  a  spell  or 


78 


cn$r^  griim-pa 


aj^ 


grogs 


magic  formula.  —  gruh^a  lus  Med,  eitber : 
the  frame,  the  structure  of  the  body,  or 
more  prob.  an  abbreviation  of  puii-'po  Ind- 
ian grub'pai  lus  Med,,  v.  'piiii-'po,  —  2. 
the  state  of  perfection,  grvb^pa  fob -pa  to 
attain  to  this  state,  grvb-foh  f|ni  one  that 
has  attained  to  it,  a  saint;  grub-bmyh, 
grvb-m^dg  id. ;  grub  mfd  (Clcol.  ^dhum- 
fa*)  Ssk,  fliTRT  opinion,  theory  Zam.;  pyi- 
ndn-gi  grub-mfa  ma  ^Mms-par  Glr,  there 
being  no  conformity  of  opinion  between 
Brahmanists  and  Buddhists;  also  n.  of  a 
philosophical  work,  Was:  262.  —  ma-gi^b- 
pa,  gruh-pa-mid-^af 

rrarq'  S^^^^^  !•  S.^-  ^'  of  a  burrowing 
>3  aniraal,  Sch,:  badger.  —  2.  pf.  of 
^^gruwrpa  lamed,  crippled,  grum-po  a  maim- 
ed person,  a  cripple;  griim-bu,  grum-ndd 
gout,  rheumatism,  =  fsig-ndd;  drag-grUm 
gout,  podagra;  "^ha-diim*  W,,  a  feeling  of 
lameness  in  the  limbs, 
qi jr5f  grum  -tse  a,  thick  woolen  blanket 
nS  Mil,nt, 

g^Qxr  grul'bum  a  class  of  demons,  grul- 
<i  ^  bum  -  mo  female  demons ;  there 
are  also  homed  demons  of  this  kind. 

mfrtf  ff'^'1^^  ^«  ^  y^^  ^wo  or  three  years 
<S  old. 

hV  gre  a  Naksatra,  v.  rgyu-skdr. 

^'^1'  ^rr^-HjraC'.asheet  of  paper  (W.*%-ya/i*) 

$rn'  g^*^'ba  the  fore-part  of  the  neck,  the 
^  throat,  both  the  wind  -  pipe  and  the 
gullet;  *(]e-wa  de-m^o*,  or  *nydn-pa  dug* 
W,  he  has  a  good  voice,  sings  well;  gre 
(-ba)  gdgs(-pd)  Med,  hoarseness;  ^de-wa 
tdn-ce*  Ld.  to  join  in  singing  or  shouting; 
gri-ba  ddr-ba  a  snoring  or  rattling  in  the 
throat;  ^de-bsdl  tdh-c^  W,  to  hawk,  to 
hem,  to  clear  the  throat. 
^Tg*  gre^o  a  species  of  demons;  gr^-mo 
^  1.  female  demons  of  this  kind.  —  2. 
V.  grit-mo, 

nT^m'  de-mdg,  vulg.  for  grd-ma  awn. 
^^^'0^  grd-mog-^bu  W.  ant,  emmet 


^in-  greu  pea,  pease,  mdn-sran-greu  ace. 
-•^  to   Wdn,  i=  ^x^' 
m^^'  grh-ma  the  flashing,  lightening,  shin- 
'^        ing  Schr, 

^^  gi'O  1.  wheat,  p^o-yds  parched  grains 
^  of  wheat,  parched  com;  gro-sdg  stalk 
of  wheat,  wheat -straw.  —  2,  breakfast, 
taken  late  in  the  forenoon  or  about  noon, 
gro  ^d^gs-pa  Glr.,  also  *dJio  Jydg-pa*  C,  to 
take  breakfast,  =  fsdl-ma  zd-ba,  —  **do 
Hg*  W.  a  morning's  march,  short  days 
march,  reaching  quarters  already  at  10  or 
11  o'cl.  a.m. 

BfTOT  9^^ '9^9  ^'  ^^so  *dd'Wa*,  the  thin 
•^  '  bark  of  the  birch  -  tree,  frq.  used  to 
write  on  (csj)  letters),  or  for  ornamenting 
bows  etc.  Mil. 

9f ST,   3f  ^  gro'ba,  gro-mo  reddish  gray. 

qv^-  gro-m^a  1.  =  gro  2.  —  2.  n.  of  a 
"*  medicinal  herb  Wd/i.  —  3.  *dh6-^ia, 
gya-dhif  C.  potato. 

qwi-q"  9^'^9'P<^  (^^^-  T^^)  1.  a  deep  dell, 
•'^'  ravine,  lateral  valley  C;  grog-h 
brook,  rivulet;  grog-yzdr  a  torrent  pouring 
down  in  a  ravine.  —  2.  W.  =  grdg-ca. 
qpi-^-  ^'^^  9^og-m^,  grdg-mo  9S^, 
•^  '  '  -J  I  emmet;  grog-tsdn,  grog- 
m/cdr  ant-hill;  grog -spur  ace.  to  some  = 
grdg-ma,  ace.  to  others  some  other  insect 

^pV^'  grog-zin  n.  of  a  medicine   Wdn, 

OTn5T  9^ogs^  col.  *rog*  1.  friend;  the  more 
^  '  definite  form  is  grogs-po,  fem.  grdgs- 
Tno;  Ka- grogs  a  seeming  friend,  a  false 
friend;  ytin-grogs  a  true  friend;  sdig-pai 
grdgs-pO'la  rten-na  if  he  attaches  himself 
to  bad  friends  Dzl:;  snyin-gi  grogs^  in- 
timate friend,  bosom-friend  Pth.;  grdgs- 
po(r)  byM'pa  to  make  friendship,  to  enter 
into  connexion  with,  to  make  a  league,  ma- 
mfon-ma-prdd-pai  grogs-po  byas,  they  join- 
ed in  friendship  without  knowing  each  other 
Glr,  —  kye  grdgs -po  ho,  friend!  Pth,  — 
2.  associate,  companion,  comrade,  grdgs-po- 
dag  company,  society  Dzl.  also  used  as 
address:  comrades!  friends!  or  more 
respectfully:   honoured  friends!  honoured 


^. 


*• 


V-   7j 


ffron 


gentlemen!  Stg.;  fellow,  grdgs-Uyeu  play- 
fellow, play^mate  D^Z.;  dpuh-ffrogs  fellow- 
combatant,  brother  in  arras;  odug-grogSy 
resp.  bzuffS'C^roffs  inmate,  fellow-lodger  Mil,^ 
*ddn-^Off*  W,,  (v.  bran-sa)  id.;  also  neigh- 
bour W.y  C;  dgd-grogSj  ytdn-grogs^  gf^ogs, 
companion  in  life,  spouse,  husband,  wife, 
^rogs  mi  myed  she  cannot  get  a  husband 
MU.;  fse  ^ddi  grogs- skdl  a  man's  destination 
as  to  marriage,  the  matrimonial  lot  assigned 
by  fate  Glr, ;  ^ddd^ogs,  mdzd-grogs,  bzan- 
grog$  C.  one  beloved,  lover,  sweet -heart, 
mdlrgrogs  resp.  yzim-grogs  bed-fellow  (not 
only  'concubine'  Cs.) ;  drndg-^ogs  ally,  con- 
federate (in  war),  hence  also:  —  3.  assist- 
ant, fellow-labourer.  Ids-grogs  journeyman, 
under -workman;  grogs  byid-pa  to  help; 
rgdn-mo  mcdd-rfen  skud-pai  grogs  by  as 
they  helped  the  old  woman  in  anointing 
the  pyramid  Dzl.;  rtsig- grogs  byM-pa  to 
help  in  building  a  house ;  at  present  in  C 
a  word  of  courteousness  in  making  requests : 
*ten  rog  nan  (/nan)  be  so  kind  as  to  show 
me;  *nan  rog  dz§^*  would  you  kindly  give 
me;  *dha  na  ton  rog  dzg^*  now  please  let 
me  go!  cf.  rogs, 

ifr*  groh  an  inhabited  place,  a  human  ha- 
bitation, house,  village,  town,  brgyd- 
gron,  ston-groH  a  place  of  a  hundred,  of 
a  thousand  houses   or  house  -  holds  (mv- 

%M»).    — 

Comp.  gron-Hyir  1.  a  large  town,  city, 
B.  and  C,  gron-lfyer  (gyi)  mcog  chief  city, 
capital  Tar.  2.  fig.  place,  scene,  sphere, 
(e.g.  this  world  is  a  scene  of  illusions  MiL) 
—  gron-grahs  the  number  of  houses  in  a 
village  or  town.  —  gron-mcdg  Mil.,  gron- 
Tncdg  ^drim-pa,  ^^o-ba^  rgyitg-pa  one  that 
wanders  about  among  the  peasantry  as  a 
fortune-teller;  clerical  charlatan,  hedge- 
priest.  —  gron-ytdm  prob.  =  gron-fsig  — 
gron^rddl  (Leu;.  iRflV?  'an  extension  of 
houses')  a  large  town,  also  a  suburb.  — 
groh-pa  1.  TT.  a  villager,  peasant  2.  C  = 
gron.  —  gr&n-^  =  groh  Mil.  —  grdh-dpon 
village- chief,  Sch.  —  groh- mi  peasant.  — 
grori  -  Mg  Lex.  provincialism.  —  grm  -  tso 


village,  borough.  —  gron-bUs  farm  Sch.  — 
gi*6h--yul  village  Mil. 

2fir'ZT  groh'ba  C.  col.  for  gran-ba  COld, 
^  in  Glr.  occasionally. 

^ffc'q*  yrod'pa  1 .  belly,  grod-fsil  suet  —  2. 

•'^^       col.  stomach;  of  ruminating  animals 
the  first  stomach  or  paunch.  —  3.  a  dried 
paunch,  or  bullock's  stomach,  for  keeping 
oil  etc.  Glr. 
q^^  grdn-can  disadvantageous,  injuri- 

"^  '      '    ous,  gron-ce  very  noxious,  gron- 
m^d  harmless,  innoxious  Lea. 
^jarfl'  ff^ol'ba  pf.  of  ^grdl-bay  as  sbst.  = 

^  pf^   the    having  been  delivered, 

deliverance  (from  the  pain  of  existence). 
^(^  gros  1.  advice,,  counsel,  gros  ^debs-pa 

'^  B.  to  give  advice;  gtvs  byed-pa  B., 
*(Ids  gydb-be"^  W.,  to  consider,  to  deliberate; 
to  resolve,  decide;  gros  ^dri-ba  to  ask  (a 
person's)  advice,  to  consult  (with  one); 
groS'^dri'Sa  the  place  where  advice  may 
be  asked,  an  oracle  Glr.;  gros-pa  adviser, 
counsellor,  senator;  gros-mi  id.,  head-man 
of  a  village ;  gros  mfun-par  by  unanimous 
decree,  unanimously  Dzl.  —  2.  speech, 
talk,  =  }tam  Mil.  nt.  —  3.  council  (?).  — 
4.  Cs.i  care,  heed,  caution,  grds-han  careful, 
cautious,  ffros-med  careless,  heedless, 
gi'  gla  pay,  wages,  fee,  gla  zd-ba  to  live  on 
^  wages,  to  work  for  daily  wages  Dzl.; 
gla-lto  food  and  wages;  gld-pa,  gld-bo  (col.), 
gla -mi  a  day-labourer,  hired  workman, 
gld-mo  (Cs.  gld-pa-mfw)  fem. 

gi'fl'  gld'ba  1.  the  musk-deer,  Moschus  mo- 
^  schiferus,  gla -mo  the  female  of  it, 
gla-pmg  the  young  of  it;  gld-bai  lU-ba 
musk-bag  (lit.  navel);  gld-rtsi  (W.*lar'si^)y 
Ss^'  4^0  fXtUSk, gld-rtsi-me-tog  Pedicularis 
raegalantha,  *gla-dd-ra*  W.  Delphinium 
moschatum,  two  alpine  plants  smelling 
strongly  of  musk;  gla-sgdh  n.  of  a  medi- 
cinal root  Cs. ;  gla-gldd  v.  glah-glad.  —  2. 
n.  of  a  pretty  large  tree,  similar  to,  or 
the  same  as  stdr-bu  Glr. 

gierr    q-gwr  9^^^  bya-gldg  eagle,  vulture; 

fari'  5  ran  ^/^  ^(^^.^  ^^^^^  •%-%** 

W^   (an  eagle  which  is  said  to  bark  like 


80 


gpf^  gldg-pa 


a  dog),  rgyab^ldg  perh.  different  species 
of  eagles. 

gprcr  ff^'P^  often  used  erroneously  in- 
^  '  stead  of  rlag-pa. 
np^  gloffs  opportunity,  occasion,  possibi- 
^  '  llty,  glags  JsoUhd  to  seek  an  occa- 
sion, to  look  for  an  opportunity;  da  glags 
myed'par  dug  now  tiie  favourable  point 
of  time  seems  to  have  come  Gh\;  esp. 
opportunity  of  doing  harm  to  another,  of 
getting  a  hold  on  him;  glags  myid-par 
mi  gyur^  he  will  not  be  able  to  get  at  you, 
to  do  you  harm ;  ysd-glags  med  there  is  no 
possibility  of  helping  him,  he  is  incurable 
Med,;  bzdd- glags  med  intolerable,  insup- 
portable, frq. 

giQ-  glan  (Bal.  *^fa/**)  1 .  OX,  bullock.  — 
^  2.  elephant  —  3  Taurus,  the  Bull,  in 
the  zodiac. 

Comp.  glangldd  'bullock-  or  elephant- 
brains';  soap  being  made  of  such,  ace.  to 
popular  belief:  C.  soap  {Schr.  glor-glad).  — 
gldn-to  the  Indian  bison.  Bos  taurus  indi- 
cus,  Lh.  —  glan-fugy  glan  ^dg-tan  a  bull. 
—  glan-ddr-ma  n.  of  a  king  of  Tibet,  liv- 
ing about  1000  after  Christ,  notorious  for 
his  hostility  against  the  hierarchy  of  the 
Lamas.  —  glan-^r  a  team  of  bullocks.  — 
glari'Snd  the  trunk  or  proboscis  of  an  ele- 
phant; a  plant  so  called  on  account  of  the 
long  spiral  spur  of  its  corolla,  Pedicularis 
Hookeriana.  —  glan-po  «=  glan.  —  glan- 
po-^y  glah-l^y  elephant,  gldn-mo  a  female 
elephant,  glan-prug  the  young  of  an  ele- 
phant. —  glan-bu  a  young  bullock^  glan" 
ru  a  bullock's  horn;  also  a  large  fork  used 
by  the  Tibetan  soldiers  to  rest  the  musket 
on,  when  firing  (Hook.  II.,  235).  —  pa- 
glan  =  glan-fug. 

gir-  giC'M^T  ^^'  glan-fdbs  Med.^  yzer- 
^  '  ^  ^  gldn  W.y  colic,  gripes, 
spasms  in  the  stomach,  and  similar  affec- 
tions; glan-hu  Med  J 

91C'$r  ^^^'^ "  ^*  ^  large  kind  of  alpine 
^         willow. 

mr  gl<xd  1.  the  head,  glad -la  round 
^  ^  the  head,  e.g.  to  brandish  a  sword, 
Glr,;   as   postposition    used  in  a  general 


^•g  gUii'bu 

sense:  close  over,  hd  glad- la  close  over 
the  water.  —  2.  brain  Med.y  cf.  kldd^pa, 
mrn'  glf^drpa  to  thin  Sch.  Cf.  Jhady  slddr 
^        pa, 

nHrn*  gl^^^^  !•  =  gUn-pay  to  patch,  botch, 
^  ^  mend;  glan  brgydb^pa  ScLy  gldn- 
par  byid'pa  Lt  id.;  Ihdn-pa  gldn~pa  to 
sew  on  a  patch  Lea,  —  2.  to  return,  Ian 
an  answer,  to  reply,  rejoin  Lea,  —  3.  C. 
col  for  gUn-pa;  so  also  occasionally  in 
books. 

gpr^  gldl'ba  to  yawn. 

S|r-  gli^y  Tfl^y  prop,  island,  but  usually: 
^  continent,  part  of  the  globe,  viz.  one 
of  the  four  imaginary  parts  of  the  earth, 
as  taught  by  the  geographers  of  Tibet,  or 
rather  of  ancient  India:  lus-pdgs  the  part 
east  of  the  Sumeru,  of  a  semicircular  shape; 
Jb^amrburglih  in  the  south,  triangular;  6a- 
glah'spydd  in  the  west,  circular;  sffrormi- 
snydn  in  the  north,  square.  The  general 
character  of  the  first  of  these  parts  is  de- 
scribed as  being  zirba  tranquil;  that  of  the 
second  as  being  rgyds-pa  rich ;  that  of  the 
third  as  being  dban-lddn  strong,  and  that 
of  the  fourth  as  being  drdg^po  wild.  In  a 
more  general  sense:  region,  country,  so  Ne- 
pal is  frq.  denominated  rin-po-cei  gUh  the 
country  of  jewels  and  treasures,  Urgyan 
mHa^oi  gUn  the  country  of  the  Dakini, 
as  is  also  Lahoul,  in  local  chronicles;  byai 
glin  region  or  country  of  birds  Glr,;  the 
word  is  also  not  unfrequently  a  component 
part  of  the  names  of  towns  and  villages. 

—  glin-^dn  prop,  a  little  island,  generally 
one  of  the  small  continents,  of  which  there 
are  eight,  ace.  to  the  above  mentioned 
geographical  system;  also  island  in  general. 

—  glin-ka  a  small  uncultivated  river- is- 
land, or  low-land  C. 

Sir'n*  ffi^^-f^  (Ssk,  ijui)  fife,  flageolet,  made 
^  ^  of  one  piece  of  wood  and  much  like 
those  used  in  Europe  as  play-things  for 
children;  it  is  the  common  musical  instru- 
ment of  herdsmen,  and  often  consists  of 
two  pipes;  pred-glih  flute,  piccolo  -  flute, 
mostly  of  metal;  dge-glin  a  larger  musical 


mstnunent  like  a  hautboy,  used  in  sacred 
ceremonies;  rkan-glih  lit.  a  fife  made  of 
the  human  femoral  bone,  but  sometimes 
also  of  metal. 

gr  glu  (Ssk  irtfir)  song,  tune,  mostly, 
S  though  not  -always ,  of  a  profane  na- 
ture, opp. to  religious  hymns;  glu-dbi/dm, 
glu-sgrd^  id.;  the  word  is  also  used  of  the 
singing  of  birds;  glu-Mn  a  little  song,  ditty, 
hummed  by  a  person  Glr,;  glu-ris  alter- 
nate song;  glu-gar^rts^d'po  rejoicings  of 
every  kind  Glr. ;  glu  lirirfa  B.,  *lu  ggdb- 
pa*  C.y  ^tdn-^^  TT.,  to  sing. 
niT'  nr*  nwr'/SCcf  gly^y  blud,  glud-fsab 
fi'  |i'  ^^  a  ransom,  a  thing  giv- 
en  as  a  ransom,  srog-gi  glttd  a  ransom  for 
one's  life  Lex. ;  Koi  glud-du  lug  brgya  ysod- 
pay  to  "slaughter  a  hundred  sheep  as  a  ran- 
som MU.;  *lu''la  tan*  C.  he  is  made  an 
expiator,  a  scape-goat;  ^mi-lu*  C  in  a  spe- 
cial sense:  a  man's  image  which  in  his 
stead  is  cast  away  in  iheytdr-ma:  there- 
fore *lco  mi-ly^  yin*  C.  he  is  a  curse,  an 
uiathema,  one  deserving  to  be  cursed  (ni.f.). 
mr  glum  boiled  barley,  wheat,  or  rice,  used 
\[  instead  of  malt  in  brewing  beer  (not 
for  food). 

^  gle  1.  Glr.  60.  a  small  uncultivated  is- 
^  land,  =  glin-ka  {Ld.  *zal*).  —  2.  n.  of 
the  capital  of  Ladak,  usually  sle. 
Srnr^xr  gle-Jtams  n.  of  a  distemper  Cs.; 
^  ^  involuntary  discharge  from  the 
bowels,  or  of  urine  Sch.  s^^^^^i^) 
5|™t-  glegs  (fis.  gldgs-ma)  table,  board, 
^  '  fMe;  zdnS'kyi gUgs-bu  co^fer-plaXe 
Tdr.  26, 10;  glegs-bdm  (ii^Rh)  book,  also 
dpi-ca  glegs'bdm  Glr.;  gUgs-bdm  mdn-po 
bJtMs'So  he  made  a  present  of,  dedicated, 
many  books  (for  the  use  of  a  temple); 
glegs 'Mn  the  wooden  boards  which  in  a 
Tibetan  book  supply  the  binding;  glegs- fdg 
a  thong  etc.  fastened  round  a  book;  glegs- 
?aJ  a  buckle,  clasp,  or  ring  attached  to 
this  thong.  —  sgd-gkgs  the  pannel  of  a 
door;  *num'lag*  writing -tablet,  a  small 
board,  blackened,  greased,  and  strewed 
over  with  scraped  chalk,  on  which  the 
school-children  write  vdth  wood-pencils. 


^9^ 


81 


§|C;'IT  ff^^-f^^}  ^i.  glens  to  say,  talk,  con- 
^  verse,  ytam  (-du)  gUn-ba  id.,  resp, 

ysun  gUh'ba;  Hdrn-la  ma  far^  bes  glens-nas 
as  word  was  sent:  'the  road  is  not  pas- 
sable!' Glr.;  ytam  gUn-ba  ni  bddg^gis  by  as 
I  have  made  this  speech  S.O.;  ybig  gUn 
ynyis  glen  rim-pas  mcid-de  btsun-moi  bdr- 
du  gl^-zin  the  rumour  spreading  from  one 
to  the  other,  until  it  came  before  the  queen 
Pih.\  ^os-kyi  sffrog-gUn  byM-pa,  (resp. 
mdzdd-pa),  to  preach  Glr.;  gros-glM  council, 
consultation,  perh.  also  disputation. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  gl^n-br)6d,  gUn-mo 
sbst  conversation,  discourse,  lecture,  gUn- 
bryod  ma  man  dar-yMg  yson  listen  a  little 
to  a  short  discourse  Mil.;  cds-ytam  gUn- 
mo  byed  let  us  converse  on  religious  sub- 
jects Mil.;  glM-mo  the  act  of  speaking, 
opp.  to  yi-gey  the  act  of  writing,  the  written 
letter  etc.  Lea.  —  glen-yii  1.  the  subject 
of  a  discourse  Cs.  2.  table  of  contents, 
index  S.O.  and  elsewh.  3.  place,  scene, 
of  a  conversation  or  discourse  Stg.  frq.  — 
gUii-ba-pOy  glM-mo-mHan  a  story-teller  Cs.; 
glen-Jrum  'a  hundred  thousand  stories', 
title  of  a  book,  Sch. 

^^ZT  gl^n-pa  1.  B.  and  C.  stupid,  foolish, 
^  '  glen  Ikugs  bkolspyddrkyi  sdug-bsndl 
the  misery  of  stupidity,  of  dumbness  and 
of  servitude  (the  state  of  animals)  Thgr.; 
byol-sdn-las  kyan  gUn-po  more  stupid  than 
a  brute  MU.;  fool,  Mydd-mams  re  glen  fools 
that  you  are  all  of  you  DzL;  often  in  the 
sense  of  'fool'  in  the  Bible,  =  the  wicked, 
the  ungodly :  glen-pa  yti-mug-ban  infatuated 
fools  Dzl.  :?©,  9  =  profaners  of  holy  things; 
*len-ndg*  W.  id.;  *len-ndg-gi pd-r a*  iooUsh 
talk.  —  2.  W.:  idle,  lazy,  dull,  imbecile,  e.g. 
a  sickly  child,  an  animal  affected  with  a 
disease  (opp.  to  *idm-pay  hdn-po*  being  in 
good  health,  active,  lively). 
giq-q-  gUb-pay  pf.  glebs,  to  make  flat,  plain 
^  Cs.y  Ub-mor  gleb  Lex. 

di^-n-  gUm-poL  to  press,  squeeze;  to  crush, 
^^      squash  Stg.y  C. 

§f  glo  (Ld.  %  *^*)'  ^^^P-  Siogf^^  1.  the 
^  ^   side,  esp.  of  the  body,  ghs 

pdb-pa  to  lie  down  on  one's  side  (lit.  by 

6 


82 


means  of  the  side);  gU-ca  (Ld.  *ldd'ca*) 
ornaments,  suspended  on  the  side  of  the 
body,  strings  of  pearls,  shells  etc.,  worn 
by  women  in  the  girdle;  also  in  a  general 
sense:  sran-gi  glo  yyas  yy&n-na  on  both 
sides  of  the  street  Siy. ;  perh.  also  side  of 
a  house,  wall,  in  the  expression:  *kun-me 
lo  tot*  the  thieves  broke  through  the  wall 
W,;  glo'skdr  window  Pth.  —  2.  saddie- 
girth  W.  —  3.  cough,  *lo  gydg-pa*  C.  to 
cough;  (Sell,  has:  to  err,  to  act  foolishly, 
to  lose,  to  neglect);  *fo  Idn-wa*  C.  to  cough; 
glO'Ua  sra  a  bad  cough  ScL;  *lO'K6g*  C, 
W,,  cough;  glo-rgydl  Lt  a  chronic  cough; 
glo-bstud  Lt  a  permanent  short  cough.  — 
4.  Not  quite  clear  is  the  etymology  in  glo 
rdeg-pa  Sch.:  to  be  frightened,  timid,  and 
glo  rd^g  Q-tu)  suddenly,  «  gld-bur  q.v. 

Bfir  ^^"^«  the  lungs,  gld-ba  ma  Ina  prob. 
^  the  five  posterior  lobes  of  the  lungs, 
gld-ba  bu  Ina  the  five  anterior  ones  Med, ; 
glo'/ca  of  a  colour  like  the  blood  of  the 
lungs,  pale-red  Sch,;  gh-ddn  windpipe  Cs. 

—  gh-rddl  a  disease  of  the  lungs;  glo^kd 
perh.  the  same.  —  glosbubs  (Sch,  spub) 
wind-pipe.  —  ^glo-ro*  W,  prob.  pulmonary 
consumption.  —  glo  lu-ba  Lt  'convulsion 
of  the  lungs'  Cs.y  or  simply:  cough,  v.  lii-ba, 
grq;^  gld-bur  1.  suddenly,  instantaneously, 
•^  "^  also  gld  -  bur-  du^  glo  -  bur  -  bar ;  glo- 
bm*'du  mi  mdn-po  JH-bai  sdug-bsndl  the 
calamity  of  many  men  dying  suddenly; 
glo-bur-ndd  diseases  that  arise  on  a  sudden 
(opp.  to  Uian-skyes  inherited  diseases)  Med, 

—  gld'bur-ba  adj.,  glo-bur-bai  don  the  sig- 
nification of  suddenness  Lex,  —  2.  Cs,:  're- 
cently, gld- bur- du  ^dns-pa  a  new  comer  . 

grnqi^'  ^^^o^^  *  •'ise,  an  elevation  above 
'^  '^     a  surface  Sch, 

9&1'  fftog  (Bal,  and  Kh,  *xlog*\  col.  also 
^  '  glog  ka^  lightning,  flash  of  lightning; 
glog  Jbar  it  lightens;  glog  Ryug  id.;  glog 
Kyug-pai  yun  tsdm-las  ma  Idn-par  with  the 
rapidity  of  lightning  Mil.;  glog  rgyu-ba 
the  flashing  of  light,  Dzl, ;  ghg-sprin  thun- 
der-cloud, also  as  a  symbol  of  the  transi- 
toriness  of  things. 


^^p•q•  dgd'ba 

3^'CJ'  gldg-pa  a  disease,  =  Ihdg-pa. 

Sjr-q-  glod'pa  1.  to  loosen,  relax,  slacken 
'^  '  vb.a.  Cs,  —  2.  to  comfort,  console; 
to  cheer  up  Sch.;  gldd-la  rgyun-du  bzv^s 
your  honour  may  be  easy  about  staying 
here  always  Mil,y  cf.  Ihdd-pa,  —  3.  U:  to 
give,  7na  bzun  ma  gl6d(^ar)  without  any 
regard  to  taking  or  giving  Glr. 
Ifi^^'  gix-q-  gldn-pa^  gldrirpa  1.  to  return 
'^  '  '^  an  answer,  to  reply.  —  2. 
to  patch,  to  mend,  cf.  kUn-^a  etc. 
cn(3fr^aJ'  ghdn-dho-la  n.  of  a  mountain  in 
k'  O  la.,  perh.  incor.  instead  otgan- 
'  '  dho'la  q.v.;  it  may  also  be  de- 
rived from  V[^\  hell,  wid  thus  the  word 
would  signify  the  same  as  dril-bu-H,  which 
is  the  name  of  another  holy  mountain,  at 
the  foot  of  which  the  nobleman^s  seat 
Gondia  is  situated. 

^^^^dgdg-pa  v.  ^^gs-pa. 
^^jC'^  dgdn-ba  v.  ^ens-pa, 
^^}p^]3^  dgan'/'zdr  v.  yzar, 
^^TK'Sr   dgdd-mo  v  gdd-^nw, 

V^'^  dgab-pa  v.  ^gibs-pa, 

rqvvq'  dgd'ba  (Ld,  col.  yd-te*)  I.  vb.  to 
'  '  rejoice,  to  be  rejoiced  or  glad,  la 
at,  in,  or  of;  d^-la  dgd-stCy  rejoiced  at  it, 
glad  of  it,  —  mi  dgd-ste  grieved,  vexed, 
indignant  at  it;  Krims  ydd-pa-la  dgd-nas 
if  you  wish  to  have  the  law  introduced 
Glr,;  ysdd'pa-la  dgd-zin  sanguinary,  de- 
lighting in  blood-shed  D^Z.;  bu-mo  de-nyid- 
la  dgd'baSj  as  I  wish  to  have  none  other 
but  this  girl  Dzl,;  bod-la  dgd-ba  yHg  kyan 
ma  byun  nobody  took  an  interest  in  Tibet 
Gh\;  Uyed  cii  pyir  mi  dga  why  are  you 
so  dejected,  low-spirited?  dga  bzin-du  vrith 
pleasure  (e.g.  I  shall  accept  it) ;  rarely  with 
the  gerund:  bram^ze  da-ruh  ^dug-ste  raih 
tu  dgor-nas  much  rejoicing,  very  glad,  when 
(that)  the  Brahmin  was  still  there  Dzl,; 
with  the  termin.  of  the  inf. :  to  do  a  thing 
readily,  willingly,  nydn-par  dgd-ba  to  like 


83 


^qp'q'  dgd-ha 

to  bear,  to  listen  eagerly;  to  be  willing,  m 
hig  ^dug-par  dgd-na  if  anybody  will  stay 
here  yoluntarily  Dzl;  to  have  a  mind,  to 
intend,  to  wish,  Hyodrdb-tu  byuh-ba/i*  dgd- 
am  do  you  intend  to  take  orders?  DzL; 
bddg-gu  ras  JU. . .  sbyin-par  dgao  I  should 
like  to  present  this  cloth  to  . .  .  Dzh :  m^d- 
par  byd'bar  dgd-na  as  I  wish  to  annihi- 
late..  .  DzL;  gar  dgd-bar  (or  gar  dgd-ba 
der)  son  go  whereever  you  like  DzL;  sel- 
dom with  the  accus.:  ^dzdrrir-pa  de  dga-ste 
as  you  now  enjoy  an  abundance  MiL;  with 
the  instr.  case:  des  dgd-har  hdg-big^  may 
you  be  cheered,  comforted  by  it  DzL ;  frq. 
absolutely:  dgd-bar  by^d-pa  to  make  glad, 
to  rejoice,  C.  also:  to  caress,  to  fondle. 

II.  sbst  joy,  dgd-bai  ytam  byM-pa  to 
express  one's  joy  DzL;  dgd-bai  sems  id.; 
cWa  rdb'fu  dgd-bai  sems  sky^-so  he  found 
great  delight  in  it  DzL ;  compounds  v.  below. 

IH.  adj.  1.  glad,  pleased,  enjoying,  na 
dgd-ba  Tna  yin-pas  as  I  was  not  pleased 
with  it  DzL;  de-la  mi  dgd-ba^  W.  *mi  gd- 
lan*^  not  favourably  disposed  towards,  un- 
friendly, inimical  to;  dgd-bar  byM-pa  to 
niake  glad^  to  delight^  bu  (hin  dgd-ba  byid- 
pcd  yo-  bydd  things  which  delight  little 
children,  play-things  Glr.  —  Less  frq.  2. 
charming,  sweet,  pleasing,  agreeable,  beauti- 
ful, Ihdg-par  dgd-ru  ^o  she  is  getting 
more  and  more  beautiful;  C.  in  a  general 
sense:  good^  cf.  below:  dga-bdL  —  3.  as 
a  proper  name  —  ifi^  Tar, 

Comp.  and  deriv.  dga-gi^dgs  Jir-ba  to 
give  cheers,  to  raise  shouts  of  joy  MiL  — 
dga-grdgs  a  participator  of  joy,  gen.  with 
reference  to  husband  or  wife  (col.  *ga- 
n^).  —  dgormgu  great  joy,  dga-mgii-bay 
dga-mgu-rdn-ba  to  have  great  pleasure, 
to  be  very  glad,  to  be  delighted,  frq.,  dgd- 
Hn  mgii-la  yinrdns-pdr  ^gyur-ba  id.  Glr. 
frq.;  yet  dga-mgur  spydd-pa  to  indulge  in 
sensual  pleasure  PtL,  Stg,y  bu-mo  dan  with 
a  girl.  —  dgorst&n  feast,  public  festivity; 
dga-st&n-gyi  yddfiv-sa  the  place  of  a  feast 
6fr.;  bsd-ba  dgd-ba  festivities  of  welcome 
6fr.;  dgor^t&n  byid-pa  to  celebrate  a  festi- 
^*^»  ^^d-pa  to  spread  a  feast,  to  distribute 


^ap:q'  dgdr-ba 


festival  dishes;  fig.  md-bai  dga-stdn  a 
feast  or  treat  to  the  ears  Glr.  —  dga-bdi 
1.  joy,  Ivs  sems  dga-bdh  Uydb-par  ^yur 
Glr.  2.  (Ts.  col.  *gan-d^)  good,  =  ydg- 
po,  (of  servants,  dogs  etc.)  C;  *  mi-la  ga- 
d4  jM-pa*  to  treat  a  person  kindly,  with 
affection  6'.  —  dga-^dun  wedding,  nuptial 
festivities  &ch.  (seems  to  be  a  word  not 
generally  known).  —  dga-Jtdd  n.  of  the 
plain  of  Lhasa,  or  at  least  of  the  northern 
part  of  it.  —  dga-lddn  joyful  1.  n.  of  a 
residence  of  gods,  or  of  one  of  the  heavens, 
'S«A.  ijfinf  V.  Kopp.  I.  265.  2.  n.  of  one 
of  the  great  monasteries  near  Lhasa,  found- 
ed by  Tsongkhapa,  about  the  year  1407, 
V.  Kopp.  II,  345.  3.  yiim  -  sa  dga  -  Idan 
n.  of  the  royal  castle  of  residence  at  Lha- 
sa; dga-lddn-pa  n.  of  a  sect  =  dge-lugs- 
pa.  —  dgd-bo  =  dga-bd^  2.  good  C.  — 
dga-sdug-drag-ian  good  and  bad,  strong 
and  weak,  of  articles  of  roerchaodise  and 
the  like  C\  —  dga-sp^d  joy,  dga-sprd  dpag- 
tu-m^d-pa  fdb-pa  yin  he  entered  into  a 
state  of  indescribable  joy  Mil.  —  dgd-ma 
n.  of  the  goddess  of  joy  Cs.  —  dga-ma- 
Jldr  6'.,  W.  (col.  *gd'man-dd7'*)  tho  trem- 
bling with  joy,  the  state  of  being  enrap- 
tured, in  ecstasy.  —  dgd-mo  1.  delightful, 
pleasing,  charming,  of  news,  of  a  speech  W., 
of  a  landscape  MiL  2.  delighted,  joyous, 
cheerful  PT.,  *sem  gd-md  rag*  1  am  cheer- 
ful; *gd-i7io-dan*  W.  id.  ]*gd-mo)h^ -pa*  C. 
to  caress,  to  fondle.  3.  pure,holy  Sch.^  DzL, 
prob.  also  MiL ;  ^ds-pa  dgd-mo  a  godly  priest. 
—  dga-fs&r  jOy,  *Uo  ga-fsdr  mdn-po  )he'* 
C.  he  is  very  joyful;  dga-fs&r  cS-ba  grati- 
fying, dehghtful  Mil.  —  dga-rdns  being 
glad,  rejoicing,  *dM-la  ga-rdn  dhdg-te*  C. 
beiog  greatly  delighted  with  it,  —  dga-^is 
V.  ga-rij  =  gd-ka. 
rqix'  dgar  =  dgd-bar^  ra?t-dgdr  at  plea- 

'  '      sure,  ad  Ubitum,  frq.:  H  dgar  Pth. 
seems  to  mean:  why. 
-2-^.-  dgdr-ba  I.  to  separate,  confine,  fold 

'  '  up  (men,  cattle,  goods),  dgar-byai 
pnpigs  cattle  to  be  penned  in  a  fold  6s.; 
ynds-nas  dgdr-ba  to  banish,  to  exile;  dgdr- 
bai  ddn-du  in  a  special  sense,  in  particu- 


lar  &ch.  —  *gdr  -  te  bdr-i^  W.  to  set  a- 
part,  exclude,  shut  out;  to  lock  up,  shut 
up,  to  lay  up  or  by,  to  preserve;  *gdr- 
gya  cd-ce*  W.  to  store  up;  *tdb~ct  gdr-te* 
to  button  up.  —  2.  to  hang  up,  to  fasten, 
to  attach,  ^dkar-cdg  fdg^orla*  C.  a  flag  to 
a  mpe.     Cf.  skdr-ha. 

'V^'^  dgdl-ba  v.  ^el-ba. 
^^|?r^'  dgds-pa  V.  ^ds-pa. 

cqr  dgu  1.  nine,  dgu-bbu  (fdm^a)  ninety; 
sj  dgu'bhi  rtsa  yUg^  or  qo-Hg^  W.  *gtt- 
bdu^O'dig*  ninety  one  etc. ;  dgu-pa  1 .  the 
ninth.  2.  having,  comprising,  measuring, 
nine,  e.g.  Uni-dgii-pa  measuring  nine  cubits 
(in  length,  height  etc.);  dgu-po  the  nine, 
those. nine;  lan-dgu  nine  times;  dgu-nin 
three  yeafs  ago  col.  —  2.  many,  dgu-cig 
id.  Mil ;  fabs  dgus  bsags^  gathered  by  many 
eflforts,  with  great  difficulty;  used  as  sign 
of  the  plural:  skyi-dgu  men,  skye-dgui 
bddg-po  (SsL  D^THlfTT)  ^^^  ^^^^  of  crea- 
tures, the  lord  of  men;  skye-dgui-bddg-mo 
n.  of  the  aunt  and  wet-nurse  of  Buddha; 
yddnlgu  Lex.  those  that  are,  the  existing 
beings;  Tior  ydd-dgu-bog  MU,  the  goods 
that  one  has,  property;  bzdn-dgu  Lex.  the 
good  and  the  brave  (among  men);  Im  ^dod 
dgur  sgyur-ba  to  be  changed,  transformed, 
ad  libitum  Mil. ;  navrdgu  fiib-pa  Lt.  to  over- 
come every  evil ;  mi  ses  dgu  Us-^o  Thgy.  he 
that  knows  every  thing;  *mi  jhe^  gu  )he' 
mi  yon  gu  yon*  C.  if  you  do  many  things 
which  ought  not  to  be  done,  many  things 
will  take  place  which  ought  not  to  take 
place;  N-ba  ytd-kyi  dgu  -  la  mi  byM-de 
Thgy.  not  countiog  death  among  things 
to  be  thought  of.  —  3.  inst.  of  dguUy  dgur- 
zld  winter- month  Mil.  frq  —  zer-dguy 
dmra-dgu'i? 

5^cr|^'  dgu'lcri  litter,  bier  C. 

^_2^^'-  dgU'Yt&i'y  for  fses  nyer-dgui  ytor- 

sj    '^      ma,  a  sacrifice  on  the  29  th  day 

of  the  month  W. 

of  a 


"g 


ij?' 


dgu 'tub  'all -conquering',  n. 
plant. 


«^^,   *^^]^'  dginy  dgurv-ka 

rOTOTli^sr  ^-F^«  ^^-y  Thg.,  a  parti- 
\J  n:>  '  cular  kind  of  meditation. 
•q-  dgu'ba  1.  vb.  lo  bend,  to  make 
crooked;  *go  gu-be*  Ld.  to  bend, 
bow,  stop;  to  submit  —  2.  sbst.  the  act 
of  bending,  bowing,  inflection.  —  3.  adj. 
bent,  stooping;  dgu-poy  dgu-mo  Cs.  id. 
rOTam;!'  dgu-rtsigs  n.  of  a  yellow  flower 

sj       '  sJ       '     ^       tsigs   skya-mo 

the  galaxy,  the  milky  way  MU. 

^^^^  dgu-mfsdn  prize  (of  combat)  C. 

^Pl'^  dgicg-pa  v.  og'^-pa. 

rCTT'  dgun^  another  form  for  gun  (the 
si  former  of  the  two  appears  to  be  pre- 
valent) 1.  the  middle.  —  2.  noon,  mid-day. 
—  3.  mid-night  —  4.  heaven.  dgM-la  reg 
it  reached  up  to  heaven  Mil. ;  dgun  sndn- 
po  the  blue  heaven,  yd~gi  dgun-sndn  the 
blue  heaven  above  Mil.;  dgun-du  (or -la) 
yUgS'pa  (lit  to  repair,  to  withdraw,  to 
heaven)  to  die  Mil.  and  elsewh.  —  5.  be- 
fore dates,  esp.  before  the  word  fo,  it  ser^ 
ves  as  a  respectful  word,  and  is  e.g.  frq. 
used  in  stating  the  age  of  a  Buddha  or  a 
^i^g)  y^^  it;  occurs  also  in  compounds, 
where  no  such  bearing  is  discernible:  dgun- 
hdg^  dgun-zla  Cs.;  dgun-do-nub  Mil.  this 
evening,  to-night;  dgun-snyin  a  year,  a 
year  of  one's  life;  dgun-Udg  division  of 
time  (?);  dguh-hdun  a  week.  (Cs.  has  also 
dgun-fig^  and  dgun-fig-gi  dkyiUJior,  which 
terms  were  prob.  framed  by  him,  and  meant 
to  denote  the  meridian  line  and  meridian 
circle.) 

ffCTT-'^  dgiin-mo  evening  Sch.^  perh.  a  cor- 
sj         ruption  of  dg6n-mx>. 

rmr  «:m3rm'  ^^'  dgun-ka^  W.  "gun- 
\J1'  IJI  I  ^a*  winter;  dgun  \&  also 
used  adverbially :  in  wiDter(-time),  during 
winter;  dgiin-dus  winter- time;  dgun-fdgj 
dgun- fog- fdg,  W.  ^gun-fag^fdg^y  all  the 
winter  through;  *gun  fse  re*  W.  every 
winter;  dgun  grdn-bai  dus-na  during  the 
cold  of  winter  Dzl. ;  dgun-nyirldog  the  win- 


«W|$r^'  dffifn-pa 


^R'  dgi-ba 


85 


ter  solstice;  dgun^yi-ldog^i  tig^  or  Uor- 
fig  the  tropic  of  Capricorn  Cs.  (cf.  the  re- 
mark at  the  end  of  dgun) ;  dgun-stdd^  dgun- 
smdd  the  first  and  the  last  half  of  winter^ 
(v.  dm), 

^pr^  dgiim-pa  v.  ^^m-pa, 

CM-^  fti;-  5j;^  <k/^r,  rgur,  sgur,  three 
sj  '•  >J  '  ^1  diflferent  spellings  of  the 
^  same  root,  all  of  them 
pronounced  *5Pwr*,  crooked,  dbyibs-dgur  of 
crooked  stature  S.g.;  rgur  kig  stoop  down! 
bend  your  back!  DzL;  sgur-te  writhing 
(with  pain)  DzL;  sgur-po  crooked,  hump- 
backed, by  birth  Lt;  with  age  Thgy.;  C. 
coL  ^ffur-gi^r*  id.;  mgo  dgiir-ba  to  duck, 
to  bend  vb.n.;  to  submit,  to  humble  one's 
self  (cf.  dgu-ba).  Cs,:  dgur-poy  dgur^mo  a 
crooked  man,  a  crooked  woman;  fsigs-dgur 
a  crooked  back^  crook-backed;  lag-dgiir 
having  crooked  hands  etc. ;  dgur-^gro  oi  a 
stooping  gait. 

rai«r  dffus  1.  instr.  of  dgu,  —  2.  C,  W., 
sT    this  day  five  days  (the  present  day 
included). 

i^q^z^-  4^-*«  (5^^.  ^,  ^nrw,  ^^W;  also 
'  ^  ^CTf^,  mwrwrseWom  iji)  1.  happi- 
ness, welfare;  happy,  propitious,  dg^iin  Ms- 
pa  Wdn.  More  frq. :  2.  virtue  (opp.  to  mi- 
dgirba^  and  sdig-pa),  also  adj.  virtuous,  sems 
dgi'ba  a  virtuous  mind  G/r.,  las  dgi-ba^ 
mi-^i^a  good  and  bad  actions  Stg. ;  d^^- 
bai  rUdrba  roots  of  virtue,  meritorious  ac- 
tions, from  which  afterwards  the  fruits  of 
reward  come  forth;  dgi-rtsa  skyid-pa  ic({.y 
spyddrpa  Thgy,^  by^d^a  MU.  to  produce 
such  a  root,  to  achieve  a  meritorious  ac- 
tion; dge-ba  s^ms-par  ^gyur-ba  to  become 
inclined  to  virtue,  i.e.  converted  DzL]  dge- 
tsdgs  (v.  fsogs)  a  virtuous  work,  a  good 
deed;  dgi-ba  bbu  the  ten  virtues,  viz.  1; 
srog  mi  yhdd^pa^  not  to  kill  anything  living 
(by  which  Buddhism  has  replaced  our 
scriptural  interdiction  of  murder);  2.  ma 
byin-par  mi  Un-pa  not  to  take  what  has 
not  been  given  (those  who  closely  stick 
to  the  word  go  even  so  far,  that  they  will 
not  touch  or  accept  an  alms,  unless  it  be 


put  into  their  hands) ;  3.  Ug-par  mi  yyhnr- 
pa  not  to  fornicate;  4.  rdzun  mi  smrd-ba 
not  to  tell  a  lie;  5.  fsig-rtsub  mi  smrd-ba 
not  to  abuse  or  revile;  6.  nag-kydl  (or 
JiyaT)  mi  smrd-ba  not  to  talk  foohshness 
(cf.  kydl'kd);  7.  prd-ma  mi  byidrpa  not  to 
calumniate;  8.  bmdb-sems  mi  byM pa  not 
to  be  avaricious  or  covetous;  9.  yndd^ems 
mi  byidrpa  not  to  think  upon  doing  harm 
or  mischief;  10.  Idg-lta  mi  byidrpa  not  to 
entertain  heretic  notions,  or  positively,  ydn- 
dag-par  Itd-ba  Stg,  to  be  orthodox.  —  3. 
fasting,  abstinence,  in  the  phrase:  dgd-ba 
sriin-ba  to  fast,  to  abstain  from  food,  frq. 
—  4.  aims,  charity;  banquet,  treat,  as  a  re- 
ligious work,  U-dge  ys&n-dge  largesses, 
treats,  taking  place  at  funerals,  or  given 
in  one's  Ufe  time  Mil,  {W.  *j)d'tra*^  and 

Comp.  and  derhr.  c^^-is^ censor,  and 
at  the  same  time  provost  imd  beadle  in  a 
monastery,  who  has  to  watch  over  strict 
order,  and  to  punish  the  transgressors  E5pp. 
n.  259,  276;  in  Ld.  he  is  also  called  cos- 
UrimS'pa  (vulg. '^osrmpa*).  —  dge-rgdn 
surety,  moral  bail,  a  monk  that  is  made 
answerable  for  the  moral  conduct  of  an 
other,  who  is  placed  under  his  care  and 
called  dge-yidn;  also  in  a  gen.  sense:  teach- 
er, schoolmaster.  —  dge-bsnyin^  fem.  dge- 
bsnyin-ma  (Ssk,  ^irRiV  and  ^Mfiim)  1. 
the  pious  of  the  laymen  who  retaining  their 
secidar  occupations  have  renounced  the  five 
cardinal  sins  (murder,  theft,  fornication, 
lying,  and  drunkenness)  and  provide  for 
the  maintenwice  of  the  priests  (so  in  Dzl, 
and  gen.  in  the  earlier  writings).  2.  in 
in  later  times  as  much  as  a  novice,  pro- 
bationer, catechumen,  i.e.  either  a  kind  of 
clerical  apprentice  (the  Shabi  of  the  Mon- 
gols, hrOmanera  SsLy  v.  Kopp,  11.,  252), 
or  one  of  a  next  higher  degree,  a  candi- 
date (v.  Schl,  162).  —  dge-ltds  S,g,  a  pro- 
pitious omen,  a  favourable  prognostic.  — 
dge-jdtin  (col.  ^gen-diin^^  prop,  dge-sldn- 
gi  ^dun  (Bum.  II.,  435)  Ssk.  ^,  the  whole 
body  of  the  clergy,  priesthood;  dge-Jun- 
dkon-m^dg  the  priesthood  as  one  of  the 


.a<t*%*. 


86  cf 

tiree  great  jewels,  or  as  part  of  the  god- 
head (in  which  latter  sense  the  word  now 
is  usually  understood)  cf.  dkon-m^dg;  dge- 
^dun-dpal'cin  MaMsahghika  ^  n.  of  a  Hi- 
nayStna  school  Tar.^  Wa8.\  dge-^dun-^gTuh- 
pa  n.p.,  the  first  Dalai  Lama  about  the 
year  1 400 ;  dge  -^dun  -  rgyd  -  7wf«o  n .  of  the 
second  Dalai  Lama,  v.  Kopp,  11.,  131.  — 
dge-lddn  virtuous;  dge -Man -pa  n.  of  the 
most  numerous  sect  of  Lamas,  founded  by 
Tsonk'apa;  it  is  also  called  dge- lugs-pa, 
or  dga-lddn-pa  from  Galdan,  a  monastery 
near  Lhasa  which ,  as  well  as  Sera  and 
Da-pub,  belongs  to  his  sect.  The  Lamas 
of  this  community  wear  for  the  most  part 
yellow  garments;  they  are  said  to  approach 
nearer  to  perfection  in  mysticism  (the 
highest  aim  of  Buddhist  priests)  than  any 
other  sect,  since  they  apply  themselves 
more  systematically  to  the  preparatory  stu- 
dies of  morality  etc.  —  dge-^dig  for  dge- 
ha  dan  sddg-pa.  —  dgesbydn  SsL  ^fiflir  * 
Buddhist  ascetic,  or  mendicant  friar,  Bum. 
'  I.  275.  Kopp.  L,  330.  —  dge-sbydr  seems 

to  have  corresponded  in  its  original  accep- 
tation to  our  conception  of  piety,  sancti- 
fication  and  practical  religion,  but  in  later 
times  the  sense  of  expertness  in  the  art 
of  meditation  was  attached  also  to  this 
word,  as :  dge-sbydr  pel  (this  man^s)  expert- 
ness  increases,  is  making  progress  Mil,  — 
dg^-rtsa  instead  of  dg^-bai  rtsd-ba  v.  above. 

—  dge-rtsis  the  amount  of  virtue,  the  sum 
of  merit,  dge-^rtsts  rgyds-pa  a  considerable 
amount  of  merit.  —  dge-fsul  1.  a  young 
monk;  in  the  older  writings  it  may  be 
understood  as  novice;  2.  in  later  literature 
it  denotes  the  degree  next  to  the  dge-bsny&n^ 
being  that  of  a  subordinate  or  under-priest, 
Kopp.  n.  252,  335.  ScM.  162.;  dge-fmU 
ma  a  young  nun,  a  novice.  —  dge-mtsdn 
a  lucky  omen  Glr,  —  dge-yzdn  v.  dge^^gdn. 

—  ^^'yy^g  (seems  to  be  pronounced  *ger' 
ydg*  in  col.  language)  constable,  beadle, 
a  servant  of  the  fsogs-cen  zal-nd^  or  chief- 
justice  of  Sera  and  other  monasteries.  — 
dg^'las  a  good  deed  or  action,  but  by  later 
writers  also  applied  to  magic  ceremonies 


and  the  like.  —  dge-lugs-pa  v.  dge-lddn^ 
pa.  —  dge-Ugs  good  fortune,  prosperity 
Glr.  —  dgesldn  Gelong,  1.  originally  'beg- 
gar of  virtue',  mendicant  friar,  tifij  one 
that  has  entirely  renounced  the  world  and 
become  a  Buddhist  priest,  2.  in  later  wri- 
tings the  highest  clerical  degree,  a  priest 
that  has  received  the  highest  ordination, 
V.  Kopp.  I.,  335.  The  Gelong  is  bound  to 
observe  all  the  233  commandments  of  the 
sosdr  far-pai  mdo.  —  dgesldb-^ma  a/young  y 
nun  Cs.  —  dge-bkis  1.  v.  bses-ynyhi.  2.  n. 
of  priests  or  monks.  —  dgeslon-Mn  is  said 
to  be  a  provincial  name  of  the  cedar,  Ce- 
drus  Deodara. 

^^CGT  ^^'^y  *lso  dgdn-la^  On,  upon,  In, 

"  '        at  Ts. 

r&X'n'  dg&r-ba  ^yyo-ba,  to  prepare,  (food), 
'  '         Jciir-ba  dg^-ba  to  bake  pastry; 
*fiC-^ma  gir-wa^  C,  =  JM-pa. 

^Hj?f^  dgh'pa  =  dgyh-pa  frq. 

rSff  ^Oy  in  Lexx.  explained  by  diim-bur, 
^  '  to  divide  (?). 

rSfrq'  dgo-ba,  a  species  of  antelope,  living 

'  '      on  high  mountains,  Procapra  picti- 

caudata  Hodgson,  v.  Hook,  II.  157  and  139; 

dgd-ba-mo  the  female  of  this  antelope  Cs. 

^hW|'  dgog  Lexx.  w.e.;  dgog-tin  pestle  C. 

r9fjq/^y  dgon(s),  also  dgdn(s)'7nOy  Sch. 

'  '  ^  -^  dgdn(syka  1.  evening,  dgons-ycig 
one  evening,  once  on  an  evening  G/n; 
nan  re  dgons  re  every  morning  and  even- 
ing; ^gons-zdn*  W.,  *gdns-ze*  6'.,  resp. 
dgons -ysdl  evem'ng-meal,  supper;  dgons- 
^dm  resp.  evening -soup;  dgdm-su  DzL, 
dgdns-mo  and  dgons  Glr.  in  the  evening; 
dgons  dan  fo-rdns  in  the  evening  and  in 
the  morning  AJed.  frq.;  dgons  Jbdb-pa  to 
hold  an  evening's  rest,  to  take  up  night- 
quarters.  —  2.  supper  C.  —  3.  a  day's  jour- 
ney, dgons-zdg  col.  id.;  rta-dgdns  a  day's 
journey  for  one  travelling  on  horseback, 
lug-dgdns  a  day's  journey  for  a  drove  of 
sheep. 
^SfJC^CJ'  ^^-P«>  resp.  for  s^m-pa,  snydm- 

'  '  jm  etc.,  and  sejns,  bio  etc.  I.  vb. 


f 


J/ 


^ 


.  ^<_ 


87 


^OT^^^I'  dgdm-pa 

1.  to  think,  to  meditate,  dgons-pa-la  jug-pa 
to  enter  into  meditation  .G^Zr.;  ^^cK  snydm- 
du  dgdnS'par  gyw-to  he  thought  so  in  his 
mind  Ife/.;  rgydUj^  Uon-rdn  yin  dgdns-fias 
the  king  thinking  that  he  himself  was 
meant,  referring  thfe  allusion  to  himself  G/r.; 
to  regard  as,  bu  dan  ^drd-bar  dgdnS'pa  to 
treat  one  like  a  son  Dzl ;  to  remember,  to 
think  of,  to  devise,  mna-ris-kyi  ydul-bya-la 
remembering  those  of  Nari  that  were  to 
be  converted,  thinking  of  the  conversion 
of  Nari  Glr.\  also  with  pyir  Pth.;  nd-la 
fugs'brtse-bar  dgons-hig  rem^piber  me  gra- 
ciously, frq. ;  go  in  a  similar  manner:  to 
hear  graciously,  to  take  a  kind  interest, 
share,  or  concern  in,  to  interest  one's  self 
for,  to  try  to  promote;  so  our  Lama  ex- 
plamedthe  passage  Glr.  101,  9:  sans-rgyds- 
kjfi  Utdn-fa-la  dgdns-nas  ^  batdn-pa  ^il- 
hai  jpyir  bsdm-blo  btdn-nas;  to  intend,  to 
purpose,  with  the  termin.  of  the  inf.,  frq., 
fugS'kyis  ma  dgons-so  he  did  not  intend, 
he  had  no  mind  Pth.  —  2.  to  die,>77z^8- 
kyi  dgdnS'dtiS'kyi  mcdd^pa  btstcg  Glr.  is 
stated  to  mean :  he  instituted  sacrifices  for 
the  remembrance  of  his  grandfather's  death; 
and  so  similarly  in  other  passages. 

ILsbst,  also  fugs'dgonsy  1.  the  act  of 
thinking,  meditating,  pondering,  fugs-dgdns 
yton-ba  Mil,  to  meditate;  thought,  rgydl^ 
poi  fugs'kyi  dgdns-pa-la  ^gdn-du  pyiri 
mydmrpa  lit.  in  the  king's  'mind-thoughts' 
was  thought:  where  shall  I  go?  Glr.;  mean- 
ing, sense,  esp.  the  sense  of  sacred  words 
or  writings,  therefore  dgdm-pa  ^grd-ba  to 
explain  that  sense,  dgonB^^ril,  dgons-bgrdl 
commentary;  a  will,  a  wish,  rgydl-poi  (or 
-pas)  dgom-pa  bkin-du  bsgrvh  nks-ao  I  am 
able  to  fulfil  your  majesty's  wish  Dzl."^ 
skyonrbai  dgom-pa-tan  Glr.  104,  poetically, 
one  having  the  desire  of  protecting,  one 
wishing  to  protect.  —  2.  soul,  dgdns-pa 
mya-ndn-las  ^ddsso  his  soul  quitted  (the 
abode  of)  misery.  —  3.  permission  6'.,  W., 
*g&n'pa  zurwa*  to  beg  leave,  to  ask  per- 
mission, ^gdn-pa  tdn-wa*y  resp.  *ndn'Wa* 
to  give  permission,  in  Sik.  also:  to  grant 
admission;  but  gen.  it  is  used  for  leave  of 


^5fj^'q'  dgds^a 


at)sence,  and  *&J-Za  gdii-^og  jhurl  son*  C. 
signifies :  he  has  been  dismissed,  turned  out 
rg^-n-  dgod-pa  1.  to  laugh,  ffZn;  gen.  in 

^  '  '  such  expressions  as  the  following 
^go'-dhd  (lit.  bro)  yim-pa*  C.  to  make 
one's  self  ridiculous,  a  laughing-stock,  also 
Glr.;  *fiab-gdd  cd-de*  W.  to  set  up  a  loud 
laugh,  to  burst  out  into  laughter;  dgod-bdg 
a  jest,  joke  Sch.^  cf,  bgdd-pa.  —  2.  v. 
^dd'pa. 
j^^^  dgdn-pa  1.  a  solitary  place ;  desert, 

'  ''  wilderness,  dgdn-pai  ynas  a  deso- 
late place  or  region  Stg. ;  dgon^un  a  sandy 
desert,  sands  Sch.  (Zam.  ^I^p^  and  dgon- 
pai-^X!^  forest).  —  2.  hermitage.  —  3. 
monastery,  frq.;  dgdn-pa-pa  1.  a  man 
dwelling  in  a  desert,  a  hermit.  2.  a  man 
dwelling  in  a  monastery,  a  monk;  dgon- 
pa-ma  fem. 
-gi|i-,q.  dgds-pa  I.  vb.  implying  necessity, 

'  "^  as  well  as  want:  to  be  necessary, 
to  be  obliged  or  compelled;  to  want,  to  stand 
in  need  of;  also  where  we  use  'ought' ;  it  is 
gen.  used  with  the  verbal  root  or  with  the 
termin.  of  the  inf.  present,  byed  dgos^  but 
sometimes  also  of  the  inf.  future  or  perfect, 
e.g.  rin-po-cea  brtsigs  dgds-na  rin-po-ce 
mid- pas  sd-las  by  a  dgos  though  it  ought 
to  have  been  built  of  precious  stones,  yet 
for  want  of  such,  it  will  have  to  be  con- 
structed of  earth  DzL  —  la  gen.  denotes 
the  person  standing  in  need  of  a  thing,  e.g. 
nd-la  dgos  I  want,  I  stand  in  need  of,  but 
it  also  refers  to  the  object  for  which  a 
thing  is  wanted:  rgya-ydr-du  ^rd-ba-la 
^ser  dgos -pa  yin  for  a  journey  to  India 
gold  is  wanted  (required) ;  in  such  a  case 
the  termin.  may  also  be  used :  ci  zig-  tu 
dgos,  for  what  purpose  is  it  wanted?  zas 
za  ma  dgos  I  did  not  want  to  eat  MU.; 
dgos-pai  diis-su  blans  they  took  them  when 
they  wanted  them  Glr. ;  bz^ns  via  dgos  he 
was  not  obliged  to  erect .  .  .  Glr.  —  In 
commanding,  the  word  is  used  to  para- 
phrase the  imperative  of  a  verb:  ^dn-bar 
dgos  come!  in  entreating,  the  respectful 
term  is  chosen:  Jbyon  dgos  Mil.,  or  in  W.: 
*skyod  dgos  iu*  'you  must  come,  pray!'  = 


88 


^q-  dffyUa 


q^Tj^^'Cr  bgad-pa 


please,  do  come!  Jirid  dgds-pai  ysdl-ba,  or 
zu-ba^  a  request  to  be  taken  along  with  (by 
another  person)  Mil.  C, :  to  wish,  Ki/g'  ^e^a 
^di  na  go-pa  yin  I  wish  you  to  know  thisL^. 

II.  sbst.  necessity,  want,  use,  purpose 
{W,  dgds-hj  pronounced  V^^W*)>  ^«^" 
po  Jtsol  dgds-pa  byun  we  have  been  under 
the  necessity  of  looking  for  you  a  long  time 
M7.;  nd'la  yyui  dgds-pa  med  I  have  no 
use  for  that  turkois,  I  do  not  want  it  M7. ; 
^^tifi'la  gd-^e  pi-la*  W.  for  future  use; 
dgds'pai  Mn-baa  as  it  is  rather  useless; 
dgds-pa  bii  pyir  for  what  purpose?  frq. 

ni.  adj.  (C.  also  ""go-gyu*,  and  *5ro*, 
W.  *g6-he*,  as  in  11.),  necessary,  due,  need- 
ful, useful,  med  kyan  dgos-pai  Kral-bsdud  a 
tax  necessarily  to  be  paid,  unrelentingly 
exacted  Mil.;  rdn^la  dgds-pai  dcdUba  the 
portion  due  to  you  Mil. ;  dgds^ai  bsldb-bya 
useful  doctrines  Glr.;  dgds-pa  yin  or  yod 
B.  and  6',  *gMes  yod^  W.  it  is  requisite; 
dgas(-pa)  med  B.,  *g^-gyu  men'^  C,  ''gd^e 
man*  or  *m€d*  W.,  it  is  unnecessary,  unfit, 
not  wwited;  mi- dgds-pa  useless,  noxlous, 
mi-dgds-pai  prormhi  pernicious  witchcraft 
Ptk.\  dgos-byid  useful,  don  dgos-byid  H^dug 
what  there  is  in  it  of  useful  contents  Ml; 
dgos-^ddd  wishes  and  wants,  dgos-ddd  J>yun- 
bai  dpal  a  treasure  out  of  which  all  wishes 
and  wants  come,  i.e.  are  satisfied  Glr.; 
dgos-Jldd  nags-fsdl  a  forest  for  wishes,  i.e. 
a  forest  which  grants  every  wish;  dgos-Jbdd 
necessary  expenses  Cs. 

rqj-q-  dgy^'ba  to  bend,  to  be  curving  or 
"^       crooked;    dbyibs  dgyi-ba  stooping, 

cringing,  ducking  S.g. 

-^p^^  dgy^r-ba,  glu  dgy^ba  for  glu  Un- 
■^        pa  to  sing,  chant,  expression  of  the 

Bonpas;    the   word    is    also    pronounced 

^ghy^-wa*. 

^Qf  q*  dgyil-ba  Sch.  =  sgyiUba. 

-^k-j.^.  dgyh-pa,  resp.  for  dgd-ba,  to  re- 
'^  joice,  to  be  glad;  often  with  ftigs: 
rgydl-poi  (or  -po)  fugs  dgyes  the  king  re- 
joiced; with  la  (to  rejoice)  at  or  in,  (to  be 
glad)  of;  to  please,  to  be  pleased,  to  choose, 
id-bo  Jbydn-pa-la  fugs-dgyes-par  Jtug  it 


seems  the  lord  is  pleased  to  walk  06*.; 
mi  dgy^-te  sorrowful,  sad,  discouraged, 
dejected;  angry,  indignant;  cf.  dgd-ba. 
^N%r*rP,e^q'  %^-«w  Jtig-pa  to  bend, 

•^  ^  N3  '  to  double  down  Sck,  v. 
dgy^a.  • 

sqr  dgra,  tdso  dgrd-boy  Ssk.  jm  1.  enemy, 

''^  foe,  sddti-bai  dgra  the  hating  enemy, 
(opp.  to  bydms-pai  jrny^)^  frq.  used  of 
imaginary  hostile  powers,  that  are  to  be 
attacked  and  withstood  only  by  witchcraft; 
dgra  ynyen  med  there  is  no  difference  be- 
tween friend  and  enemy  =  no  such  thing 
exists  (viz  in  the  golden  age);  dgrar^^r^ 
ba  to  become  an  enemy  (to  one)  Tarr^ 
dgra  by^d-pa^  dgrd-ru  Iddn-bay  Idn-ba  to  act 
in  a  hostile  manner,  la^  against ;  dgrasLdn-ba, 
causative  form,  to  make  a  person  one's  ene- 
my S.g. ;  dgrar  sim-pa^^dzinrpa  to  look  upon 
one  as  an  enemy,  to  take  him  for  an  enemy; 
dgrar  h^-pa  id.;  dgrd-bbdm-pa  Arhant, 
Arhat,  the  most  perfect  Buddhist  saint 
(Ssk.  ^1^  venerable;  the  Buddhists,  how- 
ever, explain  it  as  a  compound  of  ari  enemy 
and  han  to  extirpate,  he  who  has  extir- 
pated the  enemies  i.e.  the  passions  Bum, 
I.  295,  n.  287.  Kopp.  I.  400).  Also  dgra 
bgegs  ^dul-ba  Glr.  is  interpreted  as  refer- 
ring to  the  subduing  of  spiritual  enemies. 
—  snd-dgrd  a  former  foe,  dd-dgra  a  pre- 
sent foe,  pyi-dgra  a  future  foe  Cs.;  pyi- 
dgra  prob.  also  a  foreign  enemy.  —  ^a- 
dgra  a  mortal,  deadly  enemy  Cs.  —  dgrd- 
ca  weapon,  arms  Wdn.y  dgrd-sta  battle- 
axe;  dgrd-lha  v.  Iha.  —  2.  In  W.  also 
punishment,  "Kd-la  da  pog  son*  he  was  pun- 
ished; also  for  any  self- incurred  misfor- 
tune: *lcyddrla  da  pog  yin*  you  will  draw 
upon  yourself  trouble,  fatal  consequences. 

^Op^^  dgrdm-pa  v.  ^im^a. 

^^fc'^  dgrdn-ba  v.  ^grdn-ba. 

ffSnOf q*  dgrdl-ba  v.  ^rdl-ba. 

ncmrzX  ^^"P^  ^*'  ^^^^^^  form  ior^egs- 
'  '      pa. 

qrTT^'q*  bgdd-pa  to  laugh  Dzl,  c£  dgdd-fo. 


^^|$|CI   hgam-pa 


^^  hffrd'ba 


89 


Cppi'^  bgcmi'^a  v.  ^dni-pa, 

q^jqi^  bgegs  l.^^^^'^s,  hindrance,  obstruc- 
'  '  tion,  seldom.  —  2.  an  evil  spirit, 
demon,  devil,  like  ydon\  bgegs-kyi  rgydl-po 
U-nd-ycC-ka  Mih  frq.  {Ssk.  fquv^jifc  a  re- 
mover, of  obstacles;  the  godGaneshaetc.). 
q£(fq'bg6-ba  1.  vb.  1.  to  put  on  clothes 

'  etc.,  pf.,  imp.  bgos;  Iham  rtdg-tu 
bgos  always  wear  shoes  S.g.;  esp.  to  put 
on  armour.  —  2.  v.  under  bgod-pa. 

n.  sbst.   clothes,  clothing,  bgd-ba  dan 
hzd-ba  food  and  clothes  DzL 
iX^ZV  bgdd-pa  (bgog-pa  Sch.  is  perh.  a 

'  provincialism)  pf.,  imp.  bgos,  fut. 
bgo;  W.  inf.  *g6-de*]  imp.  *go8  fdn*  to  di- 
vide, nor  an  inheritance;  to  divide  in  cipher- 
ing, grans  a  number;  to  distribute,  sas-sas- 
m  into  shares,  mi-^mams'-la  to  or  amongst 
people  Dd. 

Comp.  bgod'-byid  divisor  Wdk.y  and  ac- 
cordingly also  bgo^d  dividend.  —  bgo-skdl 
1.  share,  lot,  B.  and  col  2.  the  doctrine 
of  strict  retribution  Thgr.  frq.  —  ""go-Uan* 
W,  sharer,  partaker,  heir,  joint-heir,  —  bgo- 
Ud  =  bgoskdly  bgo-bsd  by  id-pa  to  distri- 
bute, allot,  apportion,  ncyr  the  property 
Thgy.y  la  among  Stg. 
OTwrq*  bg&mrpay  pf.  bgams  Sch.^  to  walk, 

'  to  step,  to  stride,  gdm-pa  bgdm- 

pa  Lex.  to  make  steps;  Jem pa4a  bgdm- 
pa  to  step  over  the  threshold;  bgom  ^rd- 
ba  to  pace,  to  walk  slowly;  bgoms  fvinpa 
to  begin  to  walk  (?)  &ch, 

^Pfe'  bgoTy  supine  of  bgd-ba. 

^^f^^  bgdr-ba,  Cs.  =  ^dr-ba. 

OTir'n*  bgydn-ba^  ace.  to  Zam,  =  brgydn- 

^         bay  V.  rgydn-ba. 
S^^'  bgyi-iay  eleg.  for  byd-bay  1.  fut.  of 

^  bgyid-pa.  —  2.  sbst.  action,  deed. 
;^-q-  bgyid-pay  pf.  bgyi^y  fut.  bgyiy  imp. 
9y^y  ®J®g*  for  byed-pa  1.  to  make, 
tomanufachire;  ^^  zer-baiyzttgs  the  images 
regarding  to  which  there  had  been  said*, 
'make  them!'  i.e.  the  bespoken,  ordered 
images  Glr.;  to  do,  to  act,  to  perform,  las 


bgyid-pa  to  do  a  work,  bkd  bzin-du  bgyio 
according  to  the  word  will  be  acted  DzL; 
nye-ynds  bgyid-pa  to  act  the  disciple  =  to 
be  a  disciple  DzL;  mi-la  yndd-^a  bgyis  I 
have  hurt  the  man,  I  have  done  him  harm 
DzL;  bu  ydd'par  gyis  sig  make,  bring  it 
about,  that  a  child  be  (bom)!  DzL;  rgydU 
bu  m^i  h&r-ba  gyis  Ug  see  that  yo  do  not 
let  the  prince  escape  Pth.  (ba  for  bar  in 
the  more  careless  popular  style).  —  2.  to 
say,  zes  bgyis  so  he  said  Dzlr^  ies  bgyi-ba 
the  so  called  DzL 
nZTlC'fl'  bgrdn-bay  pf.  bgranSy  tO  number, 

^  count,  calculate  bsddr-nams-kyi  fsad 

the  amount  of  merits  Glr, ;  bgrdn-bya  what 
may  be  numbered,  numerable;  bgrdn^bar 
mi  byd-btty  bgrdn-du  midrpay  bgran-yds  in- 
numjerable;  bgran-pren  rosary,  beads  G/r., 
dso  the  garland  of  human  skulls,  often 
seen  as  an  attribute  of  terrible  deities. 
qzqiC'n'  bgrdd'pa    1.  to  open  wide,  mig 

^  '  bgrdd'pa  to  stare,  goggle,  Ka  bgrdd- 
pa  to  gape  (?/r.,  Cs.;  rkdn-pa  to  part  the 
legs  wide,  to  straddle,  cf.  bsgrddrpa.  —  2. 
to  scratch  ScL  (spelled  more  corr.  ^brdd- 
pa). 
OTir'n*  bgi*un-ba^  pf.  bgruns  to  cause  to 

nS        deposit, 'to  strain,  to  depurate  Cs,, 
e.g.  'i'nydg-Tna  impure  water  Lex.. 
qcnr'n*  bgrud-pay  pf.  bgrus,  fut.  bgtniy  to 

>d  '       clear  from  the  husks,  to  husk,  to 
shell,  bgrus-pai  Jbras  Lex.  husked  rice, 
nqtH'  bgrS'ba,  pf.  bgrSs,  resp.  to  grow  Old, 

^  often  with  an  additional  sku-nas  in 
years  (v.  rui)  DzL;  bgres-^*gyiid  weakness 
of  old  age,  infirmity  Pth. :  bgrh-pOy  in  W. 
pronounced  *ri(s)'po*y  an  old  man,  a  man 
gray  with  age,  hoary;  *ri(s)'m(^  fem. 
q^jr-g-  bgren-bay  occasionally  for  1.  sgr^A- 

^         ba.  2.  bgrdn-ba. 

^^lHJ(3rCI'  bgr&n-pa,  Sch.  =  bkrevrpa. 

q^q.  bgrd'bay  pf.  bgros  (resp.  bka-bgrds 
^  mdzdd'pa  Pth.)  to  argue,  discuss, 
deliberate,  consider;  the  subject  discussed 
is  gen.  a  direct  quotation:  ciipyir  ^di-Uar 
gyur  eel  bgrds-nas  to  converse  on  the  cause 
of  the  present  state  of  things  DzL ;  zes  pan- 

6* 


90 


q^^'q*  bg^rdii-ba 


$j9f  Vigo 


(sun-du  bffrds-nas  thus  declaring  their  opi- 
DiODS  to  one  another  Tar,;  to  ask  advice, 
H-ltar  bya  ies  bgrds-nas  asking  what  they 
shoald  do  Dzl ;  tO  resolve,  decide,  byd-bar 
to  do  2)2/.;  bgro-glen  byed-pa  to  dispute, 
to  debate  Lex, 

S^^^'  bgrd/i'ba  Tar,  =  bgrdn-ba  tO  COUnt 

.^.  bgrod  1.  the  wall(,  gait,  mode  of  walk- 
'^  '   ing.  —  2.  symbol,  num.:  2. 

nifSr'a"  bgt'od-pa  to  wallc,  bgi^dd^la  pan  this 
^  '  assists  in  learning  to  walk  Lt, ; 
to  go,  wander,  lam  bgrdd-^a  to  travel  over 
Glr.;  to  get  through,  Uydd-kyis  bgi'dd'pai 
skabs  med  run  although  until  now  you  have 
not  been  able  to  get  to  this  place  Mil,; 
cu  bgrdd'par  dkd-ba  a  river  difficult  to 
cross;  nyi-ma-lho-^'dd  the  sun's  going  to 
the  south,  in  the  winter  half-year,  the  sun's 
south  declination,  byan-bgrod,  north  decli- 
nation, bgi*dddus  ynyis  S,g,  both  declina- 
tions; btid-med'la  bgrod- pa  to  lie  with  a 
woman  Schr.y  Cs, 

^^5[pi'^  bgrds^a  v.  bgrd-ba, 

^mx:  ^'^«^  n.  of  a  noted  crafty  vizier  of 
'      the  king  Srontsangampo  Glf\ 

»ZM'fl'  ^o''  "  ^  (col.  ""gar  -  m*)  smith, 

'         mgdr-bai  bzo  smith's  work;  ^gdr- 

zo  co-ce*  W,  to  forge;  mgdr^lcan^  mg&r^sa 

smithy;  j-ser-mgdr  gold-smith  Cs, 

jjqnj'  "ff^^l  JJIW,  jaw-bone,  ya-mgdl  the  up- 

'      per,  ma-mgdl  the  lower  jaw-bone; 

mgal'Cdg  a  broken  jaw-bone,  mgal-bud  a 

dislocated  jaw-bone  Cs, 

gmpj'n'  ^^'-p«>  also  ^dl'pa  a  billet  of 

'  wood;  mgal-dum  1.  a  large  piece 

of  wood  split  or  cut,  2.  a  piece  of  wood 

half-burnt  W.,  C;  *gal  -  do,  gal  tsig*  W,, 

*gal'rd*  C,  id.;  ^gal-vie*  a  burning  piece 

of  wood,  a  fire*brand;  torch,  consisting  of 

long  chips  or  thin  billets  of  wood;  mgal- 

mSi  Jidr-lo  a  circle  of  light  produced  by 

whirling  round  a  fire-brand. 

S^n*  ^^-^  to  rejoice,  to  be  glad,  joyful, 

nJ       content;  mgu-nas  delighted   Mil,, 

Tar,;  mgu-bai  Ian  ma  byun  he  did  not 

receive  a  gratifying,    satisfactory  answer 


Tar,  17,  27;  fams-^dd  byin  yan  mgMtts 
med  he  is  never  content  though  every  thing 
be  given  him  Mil,;  mgu-bar  by^d-pa,  W,: 
*gu  cug-ce'^y  to  exhilarate,  to  gladden,  to 
make  content;  dga-mgu-ba,  dga-mgu-rdn- 
ba  are  intensive  verbs;  mgur  «=  mgu-bar, 
»m^'  tiu^r  {Ssk,  nr^)  resp.  1.  throat,  neck, 
nJ  gyu  mgui^du  ptd-nas  presenting  (the 
great  teacher)  with  a  turkois  for  his  neck 
Ma.  —  2.  voice,  mgur  snydn-pa  a  sweet, 
haimonious,  voice  Cs.  —  3.  (coL  *giir^mcf) 
song,  air,  melody,  hence  a  religious  song  is 
always  designated  by  the  respectful  word 
mgur  (not  by  glu),  although  the  term  in 
itself  has  no  immediate  reference  to  it 
mgur^-du)  ysurl-ba,  bi^s-pa  resp.  for  glu 
Un^a  to  sing  a  song;  Sch,:  mgwr  fenrpa 
id. — m^gur-Jbv/m  a  hundred  thousand  Songs, 
title  of  the  Legends  of  Milaraspa,  which 
are  richly  interwoven  with  songs.  —  ScL : 
mgur  bsdl-ba  to  clear  the  throat,  to  hawk, 
to  hem;  ^-boi  mgur  'by-water',  a  tribu- 
tary, a  subsidiary  stream  (?). 


^W 


mgur4ha  the  god  of  hunting  with 
the  Shamans  Sch. 

s^^p;vq')  '^K-p^^)  &^-  v^  i.  neck, 

nJ  throat,  mgul-du  Jlogs-pa  to  tie, 

fasten  to  one's  neck  e.g.  magic  objects; 
rdn^  mgul'pa  ybdd-pa  to  cut  one's  own 
throat  Dzl,;  mgiil-pa  sub  his  throat  is 
stopped,  choked  Mng,;  mgtU('paynas ^dzin^ 
/>«,  oJ^f^-bcLt  to  seize  by  the  throat,  some- 
times also  used  for  mgiU-pornas  Jcyitd-pa 
to  fall  on  a  person's  neck,  to  embrace.  — 
mgul-nad  disease  of  the  throat,  SOre  threat 

—  mgtd'ci/is  dkdr-po  a  white  neck-cloth 
l^h,  —  mguJrddr  or  dpa-ddr  a  silk  doth 
tied  round  the  neck  as  a  badge  of  honour. 

—  2.  the  shoulder  of  a  mountain  Mil,, 
yyon-mgul-na  on  the  left;  slope. 

^J^K^'  mgeu  =  5^3fc'  vigou  Cs.  v.  vigo. 

^t^  mgo  (Ssk.  t^).resp.  dbu  1.  head, 
'  *gd'la  zug  rag*  I  have  a  headache, 
a  pain  in  my  head  W.;  *mgo  Jioi^  my  head 
turns,  I  feel  dizzy,  I  am  getting  confused, 
perplexed;  mgo  skdr-ba  to  cheat,  swindle, 
deceive;   mi -mgo  ma  skor  do  not  cheat 


^ 


mgo 


^9f 


91 


mffo 


people!  Mil.;  mgo  dgu^a^  dgiir-ba  y.dgu' 
buy  mgo  Jdm-pa  v.  Jtdm-pa;  mgor  jdg-pa 
to  carry  on  the  head  Sch ;  *go  yug-be*  W, 
to  shake  one's  head,  ""kug  tdn-c^  W.  to 
nod  with  the  head,  either  as  a  sign  of  af- 
firmalicm,  or  of  beckoning  to  a  person; 
^kyog-kydg  bd-te*  to  wave  the  head  from 
one  side  to  the  other,  expressive  of  re- 
flection. —  2.  summit,  height,  top,  H-mgo 
Ud'bas  yyogs  Mil.  the  hill-tops  were  co- 
vered with  snow.  —  3.  first  place,  principal 
part,  mgo  byidrpa  to  lead,  to  command,  to 
be  at  the  head  Glr,\  to  educate  cf.  dbu 
mdzdd'pa;  to  inspect,  look  after,  super- 
intend, control,  bu-^mo  iig-gis  mgo  byed-pai 
mi  mdn-po  a  number  of  (labouring)  people 
looked  after  by  a  girl  (the  farmer  s  daugh- 
ter) Mil. ;  *do8  gd  hd-le^  W.  to  preside  in  a 
consultation.  —  4.  beginning,  W.^  *go-ma*\ 
gr6$'mgo  the  beginning  of  a  consultation; 
mgo  ^dzug-pa  to  begin;  bod  sdug-pai  mgo 
^dzugs  that  was  the  beginning  of  the  mis- 
fortunes of  Tibet  Jl/o;  brtdn-^gyi  skyid-mgo 
d^nas  fstigs  with  this  my  constant  good- 
fortune  commenced  MU.;  lo-mgo^la  at  the 
beginning  of  the  year  Mil.;  mgd-nas  from 
the  beginning  DzL  —  5.  Gram. :  a  super- 
scribed r,  ly  8  e.g.  rd-mgoi  /a,  ;f[,  A  with  r 

superscribed ;  dS-^mams  basptd  sd-mgoi  kao 
these  are  the  words  beginning  with  bsk. 

Comp.  and  deriv.   Tngo-kldd  brain  Cs. 

—  mgo^yil  col.  crown  of  the  head,  ver- 
tex. —  *gO'kdr*y  or  *gar*  Ld.  a  tight  un- 
der-garment,  drawn  over  the  head  when 
put  on,  (Ssk.  ^UM[^^  Hd.  nfipc^ir)  some- 
thing like  a  shirt,  but  not  in  general  use. 

—  mgO'skdr  imposture,  deceit,  bdyd-kyi  mgo- 
skdr  de  na  mi  ^dod  I  detest  these  diabo- 
lical tricks  Mil,  —  mgoskyd  a  gray  head, 
mgo-skyd^tan  a  gray-headed  person  Cs.  — 
""go-ky&n*  C,  TT.,  protector,  patron,  =  mgo- 
^dren.  —  mgo-lcra  scald,  scald-head  Sch.  — 
mgo-mUrigS'ban  obstinate,  pertinacious,  stub- 
born, esp.  in  buying  and  bartering,  selfish, 
bargaining,  haggling:  *go  i<xg  cd-de*  W.  to 
have  these  qualities.  —  mgorrgydn  head- 
ornament  —  mgo^an  having  a  head,  *w?- 


go-ban*  having  a  man's  head,  such  as  Eng- 
lish rupees  and  other  coins  (bearing  the 
image  of  a  head)  W.  —  *gO'UrT  6'.,  W. 
=  go-^drin.  —  ^go-Q^cd^  a  blow  or  knock 
on  the  head  Ld.  —  mgo-Udgs  little  shoots, 
sprouts,  branches  Sch.  —  mgo-M  =  mgo- 
rgydn.  —  mgo-mjtig  beginning  and  end 
(head  and  tail),  sin  ^dii  mgo  mjug  gan  yin- 
pa  bye-brag  pyes  Mg  find  out  which  is  the 
upper  and  which  the  lower  end  of  this 
piece  of  wood  Dzl.  —  mgo-jdh  Cs.:  *an  ob- 
long head.'  —  mgo^hi  bare  headed. — mgo- 
nyag  Cs.:  'a  compressed,  contracted  head'. 
*gO'nyt'pa* C.  two-headed,  double-tongued; 
a  double-dealer,  backbiter.  —  mgosnydms 
indifferent,  unconcerned.  —  ^gor-tin  fsdn- 
ma*  from  hiead  to  heel,  the  whole  from  top 
to  toe,  =«  ^gO'lttS'^a-fsan*.  —  mgo-^ddn  = 
mgo-^drhiy  with  byed^a  ==■  mgo  JUm^a  to 
bring  or  draw  forth,  to  raise,  to  lift  up  a 
person's  head,  gen.  with  ra/l,  one's  own 
head,  used  in  the  sense  of:  to  be  self-de- 
pendent, one's  own  master,  to  come  off  well, 
to  be  uppermost  Mil.;  mgo  Jon-pa  id.  — 
mgo-^drht  protector,  patron,  used  frq.  in 
letters  as  a  complimentary  title.  —  vigo- 
nag  po.  for  man  Olr.  —  mgo-ndd  headache. 
—  *g6-bu*  W.  first-bom.  —  mgd-ma  1.  adj. 
first,  gral-mgo-ma  first  in  order,  the  first 
in  a  row  or  line  of  persons  Mil.  2.  sbst. 
the  beginning  W.,  *go-ma  tsug-ce*  to  begin. 
3.  adv.  in  the  beginning,  at  first  W.  —  mgo- 
fs&m  ^stitched  at  the  head'  denoting  a  book 
which  is  so  stitched,  that  the  lines  run 
parallel  to  the  back,  whilst  one  stitched 
in  our  way  is  called  rtaymgd-ma.  —  mgo- 
yliiny  col.  *gog-iun*  crown  of  the  head.  — 
m^ou^  mgeu  a  small  head  Cs.  —  mgo-y&r 
=  fsd-bai  nod  Ts.  —  Tngo-yydgs  a  covering 
for  the  head  (hat,  cap  etc.).  —  Tngo-ril  1. 
a  round  head.  2.  cattle  without  horns  W.  — 
mgo-r^g  for  mgo  bregs-pa  one  that  has  his 
head  shaved,  a  monk;  mgo-rig  btsun-ma  Lt. 
monks  and  nuns,  or:  nuns  that  have  their 
heads  shaved.  —  *go-lus-ca-fsdn*  a  com- 
plete suit  of  clothes,  *gor-tih-fsdh-mo^  id.; 
*go  lus  sum  kon-de*  W.  to  furnish  a  person 
with  new  clothes;  *go  lus  spd-ce*  W.  to 


c^r 


«.  ;^  .  i(>c  ^' 


92 


^9f&'CI'  mgdn^o 


give  one's  own  clothes  to  a  person  (e.g. 
when  a  king  honours  any  body  by  array- 
ing him  in  splendid  garments).  —  mgch-Ub 
a  flat  head  Cs.  —  ffo^<^ff)  resp.  u-^og  cover, 
of  a  copy-book  etc.  6s.  —  mgo-mn  n.  of 
a  disease  Lt 

$I^W^  ^^^^"P^'  '^^'  'TT^  protector,  pa- 
''  tron;  principal,  master,  lord;  tutelar 
god;  ^ro-mgdn  protector  of  beings;  skyabs- 
mffdn  V.  sh/abs;  Hi  jryir  nai  mgon  mi  byed 
why  do  you  not  assist  me?  DzL;  Ihaiy 
bdud'kyiy  yhin-rjei  7ngdn-po  the  principal 
of  the  gods,  of  the  devils,  the  lord  of  death 
Cs,;  mgdn-po  mi^dd-pa,  stdd-pa,  rbdd-pa  to 
honour,  to  praise,  the  tutelar  god,  to  stir 
up  or  urge  him  to  aid  one's  cause.  The 
special  tutelar  god  of  Tibet,  called  mgdn- 
po  by  preference,  isAwalokite^ara,Spyan- 
ras-/zigs;  ^ig-rten -mgdn-po,  or  mi-mjed- 
hn-gi  mgdnrpo  lord  of  the  world,  Jig-rten 
ysum-gyi  mgdn-po  (Hindi :  triloknath),  lord 
or  ruler  of  the  three  worlds,  an  epithet 
1.  of  Buddha,  2.  of  Awalokite^wara,  3.  of 
the  Dharma-Raja  of  Bhotan. 

Comp.  mgon  mam  many  patrons  or 
defenders  of  religion;  many  small  pyrami- 
dical  sacred  buildings  Cs.  —  mgon-m^d 
unprotected,  mgon-med-zassbgin,  IV^HtlM- 
igf?,  n.  of  a  certain  house-owner  in  Bud- 
dha's time,  often  mentioned  in  legends. 

^^I^i^sTq-  ^py^«-p«5  ^^  "gy^g-po*  quick, 

^   '  speedy,  swift;  mgydgs-par  (sq\- 

dom. mgydgs-la  Mil.)  adv.  quickly,  speedily, 
soon;  *gyog-riH*  W,  speedy,  hasty,  rash, 
*ggog-ldm*  W,y  6'.,  a  straight,  short  way, 
a  short  cut;  rkan-mgydgs  v.  rkan,  —  sm- 
mgydgSj  pronounced  *sun-ggdg(8)*  W.,  (lit. 
'who  is  quick?')  a  race,  a  racing  or  run- 
ning-match. 
^q^SY  "f^^'P^^  (Ssk.  iS\^i)  1.  neck, 

'^  ^  mgrin  rin-ba,  a  long  neck,  mgrin 
fun-ba  a  short  neck  Lt ;  mgrin-snon  blue- 
necked,  an  epithet  of  gods.  —  2.  throat, 
as  passage  or  organ  of  the  voice,  mgHn 
ycig-tu  (to  call  as)  with  one  voice,  frq.; 
mgrin-bzdn  a  loud  voice  Cs. 

d^9f0r  ^^'*^  '^^  ^^^^9  banquet,  enter^ 
'^'  tainment,  mgron  ytdrl-ba,  resp.  sku- 


m>gi*6n  Jbul-ba  to  entertain;  *il6n-tah-Uaff 
W,  host,  entertainer;  mgrdn-la  Jbod-pa, 
resp.  mgrdn-du  spyan- ^drin-pa,  to  invite 
to  an  entertainment ;  mgrdn-du  jmyh-ba  to 
treat,  to  regale  DzL;  mgrdn-du  ^d-baio 
go  to  an  entertainment,  a  party  Dzl.  (cf. 
^rdn-du  ^d-ba  to  go  abroad);  za^-^mgrdn 
an  entertainment  consisting  in  eating;  }a- 
mgrdn  a  tea-party;  lan-mgrdn  a  treatment 
with  beer  or  wine  Cs. 

QTfor  o^^  1*  obstruction,  stoppage,  esp.  in 
'  '  comp. :  yi-^a-Qgdg  want  of  appetite; 
ycin-^dg,  also  -dgag,  strangury.  —  2.  a 
place  or  spot  that  has  to  be  passed  by  all 
that  proceed  to  a  certain  point,  *zdm-pe 
gdg-iu  gug-na  kt/m-ma^dzin  fub*  €.  the  thief 
may  be  stopped,  if  you  are  on  the  watch 
in  the  thoroughfare  of  the  bridge;  ri-bo 
dpal-Jbdr-gyi  ^ag  the  place  on  the  Palbdr 
mountain,  where  there  is  the  only  passage 
Mil.;  sgo-^gdg  the  door  of  the  house,  be- 
cause through  it  all  that  enter  or  leave 
have  to  pass;  Ua-^dg  the  mouth,  through 
which  every  thing  must  pass  that  is  eaten; 
fig. :  far-ldm-gyi  ptad-^gug,  the  main  point 
for  obtaining  salvation;  ^ag  ycig-tu  driU 
ba  to  unite,  to  be  concentrated  in  one 
point  Mil. 

Qoprq-  cg^^g-po'  l.  vb,  (cf.  ^egs-pa)  to 
'  '  stop,tocease,tobeatastand-sUll; 
mostly  in  the  perfect  form  ^ags;  ddn-Ha 
^gags  the  appetite  is  gone  Mil;  it  is  also 
used  of  the  passions  having  been  sup- 
pressed, having  ceased  Mil.  —  2.  sbst 
door-keeper,  v.  sgo-^dg  sub  ^gcig, 

OF}C,\gan  v.  7yan. 

0^^'^'  ^dnspa  difficult,  troublesomo  &*A. 

OPlC'CSf )  oS^««(-i^)  ^^^  burden  of  an  of- 
'  fice,  business,  commission,  ^^gcm 

J^'ur-ba  to  bear  such  a  burden,  bdeur-ba 

to  impose  it  on  a  person. 

Qcnn'  o?^  =  mfd-ma,  mjug-ma^  the  end, 
'      of  a  bench,  a  garment  etc  MiLnL\ 

as  postpos.  c.genit.  after,  behind  C. 

qqiq-q-  cg^b-pa  l.  ScL:  to  take  care,  to 
•^      be  cautious;  orderiy,  decent  —  2. 


93 


W,  to  suffice,  *m%  gdb'ce  rned^  the  work- 
men will  not  suffice. 

Qonrfl'  c&^'^'P^y   pf«  i7«w«  Sch.,  bgams 
'  Ci.,  fat.  bgairiy  imp.  gorm  1.  to 

put,  or  rather  throw,  into  the  mouth,  e.g. 
grains  of  wheat,  a  rooutbfal  of  meal,  as 
Tibetans  use  to  do;  pye  iur-migo  re  Uam 
^ams  1  took  a  small  spoonful  of  meal  Mil 
—  2.  to  try,  bgdm-vw  I  will  try  him,  1 
shall  put  him  to  the  proof  DzL;  fsdd  ^dm- 
pa  id.  Lex,  —  3.  W.  to  threaten,  to  menace. 

(OTr  o9^  CoJ7«-*o  t'«-0  some,  a  few,  sev- 
'  oral,  Uyi-ra-ba  ^a  some  huntsmen 
MUr^  yzdn-pa  ^a  iig  some  young  men 
ifi/.;  f(h^dn  ^a  some  of  them  Mil,;  ^go- 
re =  ^a  ^ig  Pih,\  gdUte  ndn-gyis  ^a  kig 
bkdg-na  if  1  appoint  some  by  a  peremp- 
tory decree  DzL;  skabs  ^ar  in  some  cases; 
Ian  ^a  {hg)  sometimes,  now  and  then 
(opp.  to  frequently,  as  well  as  to  once,  one 
time);  res^a  1.  sometimes.  2.  col. for  some, 
several;  bar ^a  sometimes;  Ian ^a  —  Ian 
o^a,  res  ^a  —  res  ^a^  bar  ^a  —  har-^a  at 
one  time  —  at  another  time,  some  —  others; 
^a  tsam  a  few,  few  Thgy,:  ^ga  sds  some, 
part  (of  them)  Mil;  ^a  yah  followed  by 
a  negation:  no,  no  one,  not  any,  none. 
QaiQ-  ^a  Glr,y  also  ^ga  -  ti  n.  of  a  place 
'  '  in  the  east  of  Tibet. 

flf^'  ^ar^  terrain,  of  ^a, 

Qfwrq*  ^dr-ba  1.  sbst.  (  W.  also  ^gdr-r^^ 
'  Ts.  *^o,r^  cS^V*)  masc.  ^dr-po,  fem. 
^ar-mo,  a  mixed  breed  of  cattle,  of  a 
tndzo  (q.v.j  and  a  common  cow,  or  a  ball 
and  a  mdzd-Tno,  —  2.  vb.  v.  sub  dgdr-ba, 

QfTW'^$r  ^dl'dum  v.  mgaL 

gnprq*  ^dJrhay  c.  las  or  dahj  to  be  in  op- 
'  position  or  contradiction  to,  as: 
rtdg-pa  dan  dnos-po  ynyis  ^dUba  yin  the 
ideas  of /perpetuity'  and  of  'thing'  are  con- 
tradictory; commonly  of  persons:  to  coun- 
teract, to  act  in  opposition  to,  to  transgress, 
violate,  infringe,  break,  a  promise,  law,  duty; 
yid  dan  mi  ^dlr-bar  DzLy  resp.  fugs  dan 
ftd^aliar^  (he  gives  them)  to  their  wish, 
to  their  heart's  content;   bka  bzin-du  mi 


OppK^'q'  ,£fu^(s)-pa 


^a]rbar  bgyio  I  shall  act  faithfully  accord- 
ing to  the  order  DzL;  *gal  mi  dug*  W»  he 
has  not  committed  anything,  he  is  inno- 
cent; Iha  or  klu  dun  ^al-ba  not  to  hon- 
our a  Lha  or  Lu  according  to  duty. 

Comp.  ^al'-rkyen  mishap,  untoward 
accident,  impediment  (opp.  to  mtun-rkyen) ; 
^gal-rkyen  sel-ba,  or  mid-par  byed-pa^  or 
zlog-pa  to  avert,  to  remove  such  accidents 
or  impediments.  —  ^al-JcM  transgression, 
^al-Jh^ul  spans 'te^  conscientiously;  *gal- 
iiil  sd-wa*  to  make  amends,  to  atone  for 
a  transgression.  —  ^gal-mfun-^es-pa  Chr. 
Proty  the  knowledge  of  what  is  conform- 
able or  contrary  to  the  divine  law,  meant 
to  express  our  'conscience';  the  term  was 
formed  after  the  Tibetan  phrase:  dge  mi- 
dgi  ses'pay  or  rig-pa,  knowledge  of  what 
is  virtue  and  what  is  vice;  cf.  however  sis- 
bhin,  ^'n&ffba,  and  byas-cos,  —  ^dl-borpo 
Cs,y  ogdl-po  Sch.y  a  transgressor.  —  o?^~ 
fydbs  Cs.  a  great  fault,  a  crime:  ^gal-fsdbs- 
^an  faulty,  criminal,  a  criminal  (?). 

Qfrorq-  c9^-P^>  pf-  ff^  (cf  cff^'P^^)  to 
'  be  cleft  or  split,  of  rocks  etc.;  to 

chap,  of  the  skin,  the  lips;  to  break  open, 
to  burst,  of  a  bag  etc.,  /•«  Ind-ru  into  five 
rents,  in  five  places;  to  crack,  to  break  or 
burst  asunder,  of  a  vessel,  the  heart,  a  fruit, 
bdiin-du  into  seven  pieces;  sih-gi  rigs -la 
byds-na  ni  ^as  if  it  be  made  o£wood,  it^ 
will  split,  crack  G/r.^-j^-^^J^N-^^l-aV 

Qnr^cc^'  ogu-mdd  gun-stock,  (spellmg  not 
nJ      ^      certain)  v.  sgum-mdd. 

Opr^'  jgit-ba^  incorr.  for  rrvgu-ba, 
Qf^(^'  oS^(«)  a  mesh  W. 

nJ  '^  imp.  Rug  1.  (cf  kug)  to  bend, 

to  make  crooked,  fnya  ^ugs-pa  C.  to  bend, 
bow,  stoop;  m/go  ^ffugs-^ugs-par  sdh-ho  he 
went  ofiF  bowed  down,  crestfallen.  —  2. 
to  gather,  to  cause  a  gathering,  rndg-tu  of 
matter,  pus,  to  suppurate.  —  3.  to  call,  to 
summon,  to  send  for,  e.g.  the  gardener  DzL^ 


94 


^^'^'  o?«^*:pa 


^ 


«^'^  o?«-*« 


one's  daughters  DzZ.;  to  conjure  up,  ghosts^ 
des  Mag  ^itg-par  ^gyiiT-ro  by  this  (charm) 
I  may  be  conjured  up;  hh  ndn-^u  Hug-la 
calling  the  spirit  back  into  its  inner  do- 
main, abstracting  the  mind  from  the  ex- 
ternal world.  —  4.  to  draw  back,  to  cause 
to  return,  to  convey  back  MU.^  C, 
Qatr-q-  o9^d-pa,  p£  Sfud,  =  rgud-paf  gud- 

xj  '      du  bcug  pa  to  ruin,  to  reduce  to 
an  extremity  Schr. ;  rtsa  byih-gud  dal  Med, 
a  pulse  slow  and  sinking. 
Opra-q-  off^fn^a  1.  pf.  gum,  ^ffmu  eleg. 

nT  to  die.  —  2.  pf.  bhim,  fut  dkum^ 
imp.  1luifn(i)y  to  kill,  to  put  to  death  DzL 
frq. ;  to  slaughter  (butcher),  ysdr-du  hkum- 
pai  ^a,  meat  of  an  animal  just  killed,  fresh 
meati>2:/.  —  3.  to  bend,  curve,  make  crooked, 
to  contract,  v.  kum  and  skuni-pa, 

oppi'  ^l  neck,  v.  mgtd, 

Q_jj-— .  ^Uha  (cf.  sgul'ba)  to  change 
xj  place  or  postur^,  to  move,  shake, 
to  be  agitated,  *ri-gu  ddd-pa-la  gtd  dttg^the 
kid  moves  in  the  womb  (of  the  goat); 
^igul-dka  (the  limb)  moves  with  difficulty 
Med.  frq. ;  ^l  yan  ma  nus-ao  (they)  would 
not  even  stir  (from  terror)  DzL ;  to  waver, 
tremble,  shiver,  ^ddr-iin  ^ul-ba;  sa-^l 
(pronounced  *san'gul*)  earthquake  W.-^-^^^'i 

Qnta(?f)-q-  og^ff^-pa  pf-  *%.  f^t.  dgag, 
'  '^  ^  imp.  Kog  to  hinder,  prohibit, 
stop,  bddg-gis  bkdg-na  yan  ma  fub-kyis 
though  I  was  preventing  it,  I  could  not 
(carry,  my  point)  Dzl.\  ma  bkdg-ate  ndn- 
du  btaii  he  admitted  him  without  impedi- 
ment Dzlr,  *kdg'ce  med  z^-Uan-gyi  kcu- 
hd^  a  warrant,  a  permit  to  traffic  without 
hinderance,  a  pass-bill,  and  the  like  TT.; 
to  shut,  to  lock  (up),  to  close,  sgo  the  door 
Gh\j  lam  the  road  frq.,  to  close  one's  nose 
with  the  hand  Pih.\  to  retain,  keep  back 
excretions  Med.^  bhan^dgdg  pbstruction  (cf. 
^a^);  *zd'be  kdg-te  ki*  W,  his  food  sticking 
fast  he  died;  to  lock  up,  shut  up  (things 
for  keeping),  to  pen  up  (sheep,  cattle), 
*kdg''te  bdr-ce*  W,  id  ;  dgag-dbyi  the  ending 
of  the  seclusion,  viz,  of  the  monks  who 
have  to  stay  in  their  houses  during  the 


rainy  season  Schf.^  Tar,  10,  10,  cf.  Kopp,  I, 
369;  to  forbid^  dgag-sgriA  Sch,:  'to  forbid 
and  to  allow' (?J;  gdg-pai  sgra^  ^ag-^ig 
a  prohibitive  particle  Gram,\  bkdg-ca  byid^- 
pa  to  forbid,  prohibit  ScA.;  *iPa  kdg-b^ 
W,  to  silence,  to  hush;  dgdg^a  a  negative, 
a  negation;  bkdg-^a  the  negative  side  Wa*, 
(282). 

Opr^q'  ^^nS'pa,  pf.  bkah,  fut.  dgan, 
'  imp.   Uon  1.  to  fill,   tib-ril  fus 

or  (seld.)  ^laSy  or  fib-ril-'du  cus,  or  cu, 
(to  fill)  a  tea-pot  with  water;  to  soH,  smear, 
stain,  the  bed  with  blood  Glr,;  dgdn-dka 
difficult  to  be  filled,  not  to  be  satisfied, 
insatiable  Stg,  —  2.  to  fulfil  (more  frq. 
Mn-ba)  fugs-ddm  Lea^,  —  3.  giu  ^em- 
pa^  mda  ^^ns-pa  to  prepare  bow  and 
arrows  for  shooting,  frq.;  *tu'pag  kdn-ce* 
W,  to  load  a  gun. 

Qfj^'^'  o9^d-pa,  Cs,  =  ^yM-pa. 

Q^iq^q-  c5^^*«-p«.  p£  b^<^y  fut.  dgaby  imp. 
^  ^  Uob^W,  *bkob'),  to  cover,  e.g. 
one's  breast  with  the  hand;  to  cover  up, 
Ua  an  opening,  aperture;  to  spread  over 
or  on,  to  set  up,  to  put  on,  a  cover,  lid, 
cork,  plug  etc.;  to  protect,  btsuip-mo  mi- 
ma-yin-gyis  ^Sssu  ^jug-pa  to  have  the 
queen  protected  by  ghosts;  to  disguise, 
metaph:  ^bkdbste*  in  disguised  language, 
euphemistically  W,,  *kdb'Ce pi-la*  in  order 
to  express  it  euphemistically. 
q5«;t-jpt-  ^hn-pa,  ace.  to  Cs,  another  form 
^  '  for  ^m-pay  to  kill,  to  destroy; 
Schr,:  kldd-pa  ^gems-pa  to  surprise;  to 
overthrow  an  argument  by  reason;  cf. 
n^gO'^hm  Lea:,  w.e.;  as  a  partic:  stupid 
Schr. ;  the  few  passages,  where  I  met  with 
the  word,  leave  its  meaning  doubtful. 
Q^nj-q'  ^il-ba^  pf.  bkaly  fut.  dgal^  imp. 
'  '  Uol,  1.  to  load,  to  lay  on  a  burden, 
brui  Ual  dig  bkdl-te  loaded  with  a  load 
of  grain  Dzl,\  fig.  to  put  a  yoke  upon  a 
person's  neck,  byur  to  bring  down  misery 
on  a  person;  W,  to  bring  accusations 
against  a  person,  *mi  'ds-pe  Ids-ka  iig  mi 
kig-la  kal  tdn-na*  Ld,  if  one  is  accused 
of  an  unlawful  action ;  ffral  ^H-ia  to  impose 


QFJ^q' 


^es^a 


<5^^'^'  o9<^<^ 


95 


tribute  Lejc.;  to  cemmissiony  to  charge  with, 
to  make,  appoint,  eonatitiite,  *mi  zig  gad- 
p(hla  kdl  ce^  Ld,  to  appoint  some  one  to 
be  an  elder  or  senior,  cf  JcdUba,  —  2.  to 
pat,  to  place  on  or  over,  yduh-ma  bkuUha 
a  beam  placed  over  it  &,g.\  to  set  or  put 
on,  e.g.  a  pot  on  a  trevet;  to  hang  up,  go^- 
^el-yddh  a  stand  to  hang  clothes  on;  fig. 
^H-bar  rtu8-pai  fog  ^el  dgos  one  must  set 
on  it  the  roof  of  being  able  to  die,  i.e. 
one  must  crown  the  whole  edifice  by  being 
free  from  fear  of  death  Mil. 
qSwrq-  ^h-pa,  pf.  bkas^  fut.  dgasy  imp. 

^'  Ho8y  trs.  to  ^ds-pa^  to  Split,  cleave, 
divide,  bkaa-Mn  Lex,  cleft  pr  chopped  wood ; 
dum-bur  (to  divide)  into  pieces  Lex,,  to 
cut  up  or  open,  e.g.  a  fish,  gourd,  pump- 
kin, Dzl. 

(Sfy  c9^-»  **  ^^  ^  ^^"*®  figurative  appli- 
'  cations  of  the  word:  dmdg^^o  com- 
mander of  an  army  Cs,;  mMr-^Oy  rdzdn- 
^o  commander  of  a  fort  6k;  ^o  mam  a 
sort  of  fine  cloth  made  of  shawl-wool,  or 
also:  Europe-cloth,  i.e.  broad  cloth  =?  sa^jr- 
Idd;  off<H>^  officer,  captain,  head-man  of  a 
village  or  district,  esp.  in  W.;  in  a  general 
sense :  *kon~(fdg  jig-ten-gyi  gd^a  yin*  God 
is  the  ruler  of  the  world;  ^kon-idg-gi  %an 
g6'pa  med^  God  is  the  only  and  highest 
ruler;  ^^-pin*  C.  rector,  director,  head- 
master, principal  e.g.  of  a  school;  ^d-ma 
Zam.  beginning,  origin,  source;  ^-Tm  Lex. 
^^6-pa;  ^go-ydd^  =  ^gd-pa  Ld,;  ^m-  in 
the  beginning,  at  first,  originally  ScA.,  «€^- 
hai  ^or  when  it  began  to  hail  MiLnt 
C^q-  ^^dj  pf  90s  (or  ^s),  cf.  bsgo-ba, 
'  1.  to  stain,  to  lose  colour;  to  dirty, 
lully  one's  self,  dd-la  with  it,  nan-sh/ugs 
liiS'la  to  soil  one's  self  with  vomit.  —  2. 
to  infect,  with  a  disease,  ^d^ai  nad^  ^^- 
nddy  ^d^ai  rimSy  a  contagious  or  epidemic 
disease,  a  plague,  frq. 
Q^prq-  og^-p^^  pf-  *%.  f^^t.  dgogf  imp. 
'  '  %r  1.  to  take  away  forcibly,  to 
snatch,  tear  away,  pull  out,  lisd-ba  a  root 
Lex.y  90  a  tooth  Schr,'^  to  tear  up,  eg.  a 
floor  W.;  to  peel  Sch.;  *kdg-te  ey&d^  W. 
to  rob,  plunder  frq.;  *%.fe  layers*  Ld,  it 


has  been  robbed.  —  2.  to  take  off,  a  cover, 
a  lid.  a  pot  from  the  fire   W. 
QSfpwj'm-  ^ogs'pa  another  form  for  ^^gs- 

'  '  'pa,  to  prevent,  to  avert  unfortu- 
nate events,  fatal  consequences;  to  suppress, 
the  symptoms  of  a  disease  by  medicine; 
to  drive  back  or  away,  to  expel  e.g.  spirits, 
ghosts;  to  repel  people  that  are  trying  to 
land. 
Qafr^-q- ,^(i/i-ia  1  6«. :  to  bewitch,  enchant 

'  (?),5ro;?-fta-po,  ^dh-po  an  enchanter, 
sorcerer,  gdn-ia-mo  enchantress,  sorceress 
6^. ;  more  frq.  ^dn-po  an  evil  spirit,  demon, 
also  fig.  demon  of  concupiscence,  of  fear, 
of  terror  Mil;  ^gdn-mo  fem.  —  2.  pf.  bkon^ 
perh.  more  corr.  sgdii-ba^  spd-sgon-ba  Lex, 
to  despond. 
QBfjr'jy  69od'pay  pf.  bgod^  fut.  dgod,  imp. 

'  '  Uod  (cf .  Icdd-^a),  die  Latin  condere, 
1.  to  design,  to  project,  to  plan  Schr.  —  2. 
to  found,  to  etablish,  to  lay  out  (a  town), 
to  build  (a  house) ;  hence  bkdd-pai  rig-byid 
books  on  architecture  Glr.;  to  manufacture, 
to  form,  to  frame.  — ^  3.  to  put,  to  fix,  to 
transfer,  into  a  certain  state  or  condition, 
bde(-ba)'la  Dzl,  bder  Lex,^  into  a  happy 
state,  dg€-ba-4a  Dzl.  into  virtue,  cds4a  Pth 
into  the  true  doctrine,  imdm-par  ^rdUba^ 
la  Dzl.  into  salvation,  mya-ndn^las  ^dm- 
pa 'la  into  delivery  from  existence  DzL; 
tag '  grans  to  fix  a  certain  time  or  term 
Schr.;  fsad  (to  determine)  the  measure  or 
size  of  a  thing  Schr.  —  4.  to  set,  put,  or 
place  in  order,  graUpydm  bgod-pa  jdra  as 
the  rafters  of  a  roof  are  placed  side  by 
side  S.jr.;  mfar  dgdd-pa  to  add  or  affix  e.g. 
ciphers  to  a  certain  number  Wdk.;  bkdd- 
par  mdzes-pd  beautiful  as  to  arrangement, 
nicely  ordered,  (b)rgyan  dgdd-pa  Lex.  .to 
arrange  ornaments  (tastefully),  to  decorate, 
adorn,  to  construct  or  adjust  grammatical 
forms,  sentences  Zam.  —  5.  to  put  down 
in  writing,  to  record,  min  kd-ba-la  to  write 
names  on  a  column  Ptii.;  to  compose,  draw 
up,  write,  a  narrative  etc.,  frq. ;  to  mention, 
to  insert,  in  a  writing;  *ka  ko-pa*  C.  to 
publish,  to  make  known.  —  6.  to  rule, 
to  govern  Schr.;  byol-sdn  bkdd-pai  rgydl- 


96 


^^^'  c^<^-F« 


2)0  yin  he  is  king  over  all  subjugated  ani- 
mals Mil, 

The  partic.  pf.  hkod-pa  is  also  sbst.: 
1.  plan,  ground-plan,  draught  of  a  building 
Schr.  —  2.  delineation,  sketch,  zin-bkdd 
map.  —  3.  form,  shape,  figure  Schr.  —  4. 
sample,  copy,  even  of  one's  omti  body,  e.g. 
when  a  person  multiplies  himself  by  magic 
virtue,  =  sprul-ba.  —  5.  building,  edifice, 
structure,  hkod-pa  vidzes  the  structure  (is) 
beautiful  Glr,  —  6.  frame,  body,  bkdd-pa 
lus  id.  Mil,;  nat  bkdd-pa  ndm-mUai  ran- 
zin  my  body  of  an  ethereal  nature  Pth, 

Note,  The  Lexx.  have  for  bkdd-pa 
alw^ays  iin^ putting  down,  depositing;  but 
often  it  has  the  signification  of  9|[  orderly 
arrangement;  as  vb.  it  comes  nearest  to 
^1^5^.  As  the  meaning  of  the  word  is 
almost  quite  the  same  as  that  of  xrlKetv 
and  condere,  it  recommends  itself  as  the 
most  suitable  term  for  io  create',  to. call 
into  existence,  ^god-pa-po  for  creator,  and 
bkod-pa  for  creature,  notions  which  are 
otherwise  foreign  to  Buddhism. 

qStS^'CJ"  cS^^'P^-i  ^^-  =  g&tns-pa^  Sch,  also 
=  ^ghn-pa^  ^vm-pa, 

q5fjx'  o9or  1.  v.  the  following  article.  — 
'       2.  termin.  of  ^jfo,  in  the  beginning, 
at  first  Sch,  —  3.  supine  of  ^6-ba, 
qa^-q-  ^&i*-ba  to  tarry,  linger,  loiter,  W, 
^  frq.  *mdn-po  gor  son*  you  stayed 

away  very  long;  *ldm-la  gon^  he  lingers 
on  the  way;  *mdn'po  ma  g&r-t^  without 
long  delay,  =  rih-por  ma  Un-par,,  and  nh- 
por  mi  fogs  -  par  B,;  de  ^or-yzi  yin  that 
impedes,  delays;  zld^ba  ynyis  Jcor  (the 
work)  lasted  two  months  Glr, 

q9fjaj-q-  off<^i'^^^  pf-  ffoi  1-  to  part,  to  sepa- 
'  rate  vb.n.;  o^o7-iai/  was  a  hermitage 

Pth,^  ^gdl-po  hermit,  recluse.  —  2.  to  de- 
viate, err,  go  wrong  or  astray;  ^6l-sa  1. 
the  place  where  two  roads  separate.  2. 
error,  mistake. 

OTW*  ^os  n.  of  a  monastery  Tar, 
OPj^^'  o^^'«-P«  V.  ^o-ba. 


O.^^R' ^yur.ba 

aflW|-q'  oh^ff'P^  cf-  dtydg-pa,  to  be  soM, 
^  '  spent,  expended  Cs, 
QCTr -q-  Jcy^^-^^^y  pf'  o53^«^s,  to  be  delayed, 
^  deferred,  postponed,  pyir  ^an-na 
if  one  defers  it;  *nyin  ^an  iag  ^gyanjhi- 
p€^  C,  to  delay  again  and  again ;  lo  vian- 
po  mi  ^yan-bar  before  many  years  shall 
have  passed;  dus  ^yans  Lex,  w.e. 
Q§iCQ'  cSV^^'^^  !•  ^  \'^^  about  haugh- 

^  tily,  to  look  down  upon,  to  slight, 
mi-la  a  person ;  also  of  things :  tO  despise, 
contemn,  neglect  them  B,  and  col.:  *^yih- 
bhdg  jM-pa!^  C,  *gyin  td-te*  W.  id.;  *gyin- 
can*  supercilious,  contemptuous.  —  2.  = 
sgyin-ba  Glr,;  Mil,  —  Ul-kyi  ^^n-JKar  a 
sceptre  of  crystal,  an  attribute  of  gods,  in  pic- 
tures represented  as  a  plain,  unadorned  staff. 
Qp]-q-  o^w-ia,  pf.  ^gym,  to  move  quicMy 
^  to  and  fro,  e.g.  as  lightning,  the 
quivering  air  in  a  mirage,  the  motion  and 
versatility  of  the  mind  etc. 
OPJ^q*  o52/wr-ia  I.  vb.,  pf.  gyur(-to,  -pa) 

^  imp.  gyur  (-cig),  cf.  sgyur-bay  1. 
to  change,  to  be  altered  B,  and  col;  mk- 
mams-kyi  spy6d-pa  ^ffyur  the  behaviour  of 
men  changes  Ma, ;  ^^gyur-bai  Zos  a  change- 
able (and  therefore  perishable)  thing  Ci.; 
and  ^yvr-du  ydd-pa  changeable,  variable, 
^gyvi^du  mid-pa^  ^gyur-rned  unchangeable, 
invariable;  sometimes  to  decrease,  abate, 
vanish,  die  away,  mfu-stdbs^  ndd-m>ed-pa, 
yzi-tyid  ydns-su  ^gyifr-ba  the  total  decay  of 
strength,  health,  and  esteem  (in  old  age) 
Thgy, ;  bddg*gi  sems  ma  gyur^  ma  m/dms" 
so  my  mind  has  not  been  altered,  nor  my 
resolution  weakened  DzL;  also  vrith  las: 
dddrpa  ^di-las  ma  gyur  cig  do  not  depart 
from  that  belief  Mil,  (1  have  therefore 
availed  myself  of  this  word,  combined  with 
the  active  (transitive)  form  sems  sgyurrba 
'to  change  the  mind'  for  expressing  the 
(.uxavoalv  and  fuecavoia  of  the  N.  T., 
though  the  Buddhist  is  wont  to  regard  the 
mi-gyur-ba  as  the  thing  most  to  be  pr&ised 
and  desired.)  With  the  termin.  it  signifies 
to  be  changed,  transformed  into,  B,  and  coL; 
hence  —  2.  to  become,  to  grow,  dge-sUn- 
du  ^yur-ba^  rgydl-por  ^ffyur^-ba  to  become 


Q^^^'  .gyur-ha 


Q^'^'  ^er-ba 


97 


a  moDk,  a  king  Dzh;  skra  mfon-mfin-gi 
Ha-ddg-iu  gyur-to  his  hair  turned  azure 
(sky-blue)  Ihl, ;  sbriim^par  ^iir-ba  to  get 
with  child;  bdun-^u  ^gyur-ia  to  reach  the 
number  of  seven  DzL    (In  all  these  cases 
the  more  recent  writings  and  the  col.  lan- 
guage in  C.  usually  have  *^dd'Wa*,  in  W. 
*?a-^e^.)  ^yiir-ha  is  also  frq.  used  in  con- 
junction with  verbs :  yodr-par ^xpir-ha  'to  be- 
come being^  i.e.  to  begin  to  exist,  'to  become 
having,'  i.e.  to  gain  possession ;  sTdg-lamiltd- 
bar  f^gyur-pat  dnds-po  ^di-dag  these  acts  of 
having  become  indifferent  to  life,  i.e.  acts  of 
contempt  of  death  DzL\  nd-bar  gyur-na 
jii  mfdn-ba  tsaTH-gyis  nad  sds-par  ^gvr-ro 
when  taken  ill,  they  get  well  again,  as  soon 
as  they  obtain  a  sight  of  this  Glr.;  dan  mi 
smrd'bar  gyur-to   h©  became  speechless 
Dzl» )  ojywr-ia  denoting  both  the  pass,  voice, 
and  the  fut.  tense,  the  context  must  decide 
in  every  instance,  how  it  is  to  be  under- 
stood :  su  iig  rgyal^id  byed-par  ^gyur  who 
shall  have  the  government,  who  shall  rule? 
Tar.  21.;  de  rgydl-por  ^yur-bar  hh-so  they 
knew  that  this  man  is  made  king  (for: 
would  be  made  king);  Kd-mos  Kyod-kyi  bu 
bsdd'par  gyur~na  if  your  son  has  been 
killed  by  me  Dzl,\  Ihfod  mi-ha  zd-bar  gyur- 
cig  may  you  be  obliged  to  eat  human  flesh! 
Dzl,;  Hi  pyir  Icyod  ^di-ltar  gyur  by  what 
means  have  you  come  into  this  state?  DzL ; 
ya-mtsdn-du  (or  -par)  ^gyur-ba  to  be  sur- 
prised, astonished;  with  ynds-su:  to  come 
to  a  place,  to  arrive  atM7.;  ^ddd-pai  dnos- 
grvb-tu  ^gyitr-ha  to  be  endowed  with  the 
perfect  gift  of  wishing,  viz.  of  having  every 
wish  fulfilled;  to  happen,  to  take  place,  to 
•ccur,  ya^mtsdn^du  ^yur-ba  hi  yod  lit. 
what  is  there  that  has  wonderfully  hap- 
pened, what  w'onderfiil  things  have  hap- 
pened? yyd^ar  ^gyur-ba  to  become  mov- 
ing, to  begin  to  move.  —  3.  to  be  trans- 
Wed,  bod^u  into  Tibetan  Tar.;  bka-^yur 
the  translated  word,  v.  bka;  cf.  sgyur-ba. 
—  4.  joined  to  numbers  it  signifies  time 
or  times,  yidrir-pas  brgya-^yur  ston-^yttr^ 
^  of^^<^  a  hundred  times,  nay  a  thou- 
sand times  more  sublime  than  others  DzL\ 


kydd-pas  brgya-^yitr^bas  Uidg-par  bzdn-ba 
yod  there  are  (girls)  a  hundred  times  prettier 
than  you  DzL;  ysum-^gyur  ltd -bur  three 
times  as  much  DzL;  de  ynyis-^gyur  tsam 
iig  one  twice  as  large  as  that  MiL 

II.  sbst.  change,  alteration,  vicissitude, 
dus  biii  ^gyur-bas  through  the  change  of 
seasons  T/igy,  —  ^gyur^ddj  or  also  ^gyv/r- 
Ktigs  singing  or  humming  a  tune  in  a  tril- 
ling manner  MiL;  ^gyur-ltam  nya  MiL 
perh.  a  fish  swiftly  moving  to  and  fro; 
^gyur-rUn  bidg-pa  to  pay  money  in  hand, 
as  an  earnest  that  the  bargain  is  not  to 
be  retracted.  —  Instead  of  the  imp.  gyur^ 
sdg  is  frq.  used. 

q%z:r  o^^-*«^  pf-  (and  imp.?)  gyes,  to  be 
^  divided,  e.g.  a  river  that  is  divided 
into  several  branches;  mam -pa  ynyis-su 
(a  ray  of  light  divided)  into  two  parts 
DzL;  to  separate,  to  part,  bem  rig  ^es  dus 
when  body  and  soul  part  from  each  other 
MiL;  to  disperse,  of  a  crowd,  with  or  with- 
out sO'Sdr  DzL  and  elsewh.;  of  a  single 
person:  to  part,  withdraw,  go  away,  *mi' 
fsdg  dan  ghyc-n^  C.  withdrawing  from  tlie 
crowd;  to  issue,  proceed,  spread,  d^-dag-las 
gyh'SO  they  have  proceeded  from  those 
(their  ancestors);  of  a  disease:  gyin-du 
gyes  (opp.  to  fur-du  zug)  Med.? 

^^  ^  fut  bkye,  1.  to  divide  (trs.),  to  scat- 
ter,  disperse,  diffuse,  e.g.  rays  of  light;  it 
is  also  used  when  the  neutral  form  ^ye- 
ba  would  seem  to  be  more  correct;  to  let 
proceed,  spriil-pay  an  emanation;  hence  to 
send,  a  messenger  Lex.  and  Schr.;  to  dis- 
miss, fsogs,  an  assembly  Sch.  —  2.  Jab- 
mo  ^gyidrpa^  yyul  ^yM-^a,  also  ^y^d^a 
alone,  to  fight  a  battle,  to  fight,  to  combat, 
^edrpai  tie  in  the  dispute;  similarly  ^dziii- 
ga  bkyi'ba  to  quarrel  Med.;  hence  prob. 
W.:  *Ka  kyi'b^  to  abuse,  to  menace.  — 
3.  stdn-THO  ^gy^d-pa  frq.  to  give  an  enter- 
tainment, banquet,  prop,  to  dispense  a  feast; 
nor  ^gy^d-pa  to  distribute  a  property  Lex. 
oS\s:i^  o9y^'^^  *®  ^"^P  <>r  let  fall,  to 
^  throw  down  Schr.;  to  quit,  aban- 
don, throw  away  Sch. 


98 


Ogarq-  ^yiUa 


OgST  ^am 


QDJorq-  ^el-ba,  pf.  gyel(:to\  imp.  gyel, 
^^  to  fall,  to  tumble,  *ffi/el  ma  gyel* 

W.  don't  tumble,  take  care  not  to  fall; 
*gyd'kan^  W,  lying,  (not  standing),  e.g. 
a  bottle. 

Q^?;r^  o?i/^-P«5  another  form  ior  ^i-ba, 
py('g^09'8u  ^gy^'par  ^gyur  back 
foremost  they  retreat  Glr, 

(Sfkrq'  ^y^'V^  (^*-  'ftww)  vb.  (tr. 
^  '  ^gydd-c^)  to  repent,  to  grieve  for, 
and  sbst.  repentance,  sorrow  for,  not  only 
for  bad,  but  also  for  good  actions,  when 
the  latter  are  attended  with  disadvantage 
or  loss;  pyis  ^^n-^ar  ^gyur  you  will  have 
to  repent  it  hereafter  DzL;  with  Za,  to  re- 
pent of  a  thing;  ^6d-pa  skye  repentance 
arises,  I  feel  repentance,  1  repent  frq. ; 
•^'w*  ^gyddrfar  ,^gyur  id. ;  *da  gyddrfa  yen 
du^  W.  id.;  ^6d-pa  Tned  I  do  not  regret 
it;  ^yodrpa-han  repenting  JVA.;  ^ddrpai 
serm  Tnid-par  Uydd-la  sbijin-no  I  give  it 
you  readily  and  with  all  my  heart  Pih,'^ 
^dd-m^d  without  repentance,  without  grud- 
ging, also:  in  good  earnest;  ^od-fsdm 
bySd-pa^  JdUhin  ^dd-pa,  ^dd^Hn  bhdg- 
pa  DzL  to  acknowledge  repentingly,  to 
confess  with  compunction;  ^od-fsdmbyM- 
par  yndn  -  6a  to  accept  a  repentant  con- 
fession =  to  forgive,  to  pardon  DzL  (p.  ^9^ 
y?-,  ^®,  ^^©);  ^ddrTTno-baj  c.  te,  to  make 
repent,  to  make  one  suffer,  feel,  or  pay 
(for  a  thing)  DzL\  ynon-^dd  repentance 
proceeding  from  consciousness  of  guilt  Pih. 

QCTp|(?f\-q-  ogr^ff(»)'P(^^  pf-  grogs,  to  sound, 
^  '  to  utter  a  sound,  of  men,  ani- 

mals, thunder  etc.  DzL;  to  cry,  to  shout, 
del  md'lam-^u  ^dgs-par  ^ffyur-na  if  it  is 
shouted  into  his  ear;  tea  grogs  so  it  is  called, 
so  he  was  called,  by  this  name  he  goes, 
under  that  name  he  is  known,  celebrated; 
bdd-la  yi-ge  Tned  ces  grogs  Tibet,  so  it  is 
said,  was  without  letters,  without  a  written 
language;  Zam. 

Q^p|?f  ^  ^^dgs-pa  to  bind,  v.  grdgs-pa. 

pnr^^O'  off^on-ba  1.  C^.  to  number,  to  count, 

^         V.  bgrdn-bo,  —  2.  to  satisfy  with 

food,  to  satiate,  *Jdn'de  med^  W.  he  is 


insatiable;  gen.  only  the  pf.  is  in  use: 
^rans  tyes  after  having  eaten  one's  ^Med.; 
sd'ba  bsddrpas  mi  ^dn-^te  not  yet  having 
enough  of  deer-killing  MiL 

Qpic-jn*  fff^ddrpa  Cs,  =  bgrddrpa,  to  spread, 

^     to  extend  (vb.  a). 
Qourq-  ^dn-po  (Ssk.  ^i\|)  1.  to  vie  with, 

•^  contend  with,  to  strive  (for  victory), 
wo  sin-ge-la  a  fox  (contending)  with  the 
lion  DzL;  ^o-^jyrul  in  magic  tricks  DzL; 
rig-pa  in  shrewdness,  cunning  Glr, ;  pyug- 
Uydd  mamr-fds'kyi  bu  dan  ^dn-te  to  cope 
even  with  Plutus  as  to  riches  DzL;  bstdd- 
par  ^ffran  let  us  vie  with  one  another  in 
songs  of  praise  Glr.;  ^grdn-^as  'iog  let  us 
now  draw  a  parallel  between  (these  two) 
Glr,;  ^grdn-du  Jitg-pa  to  cause  (two  per- 
sons) to  strive  (for  the  victory)  Dzl.  — 
2.  in  a  general  sense,  to  fight,  to  defend 
one's  self,  to  make  resistance. 

Comp.  ^gron-tsig  words  of  contention, 
a  quarrelling  speech  Glr,  —  ^an-sems  i. 
contention,  emulation.  2.  jealousy.  3.  quarrel- 
some temper,  spirit  of  controversy;  o^an- 
sems  ytdg-pa  to  stop,  put  an  end  to  con- 
tention. —  ^dn-zla  (pronounced  *ddl^a* 
in  the  north  of  Ld,)^  rival,  competitor,  equal 
match;  ^dn-zla-med-pa,  ^ran-zla  dan 
brdl-ia,  also  ^dn-gyi  do-mid,  ^dnr-yor- 
Tned,  without  a  rival,  matchless,  unequalled, 
applied  also  to  things. 

aqaj'  o9rom  1.  shore,  bank,  m-^dmii.; 
^  cu  ^in-poi  ^aTnr-du  son  they  went 
to  the  bank  of  a  large  river  DzL  —  2. 
side,  sgO'^grdm  yyds-Tia  on  the  right  side 
of  the  door  Glr, ;  sgoi  fyi'^wmrrux  before 
the  door,  outside,  out  of  doors  POu  —  3. 
wall,  Udn-pai  ^dg-^am  the  lower  wall  of 
a  house  (opp.  to  the  roof)  Mil,;  ^gram-^zi 
C,  S.g.  foundation,  basis,  ^am-yii  ^din-ba 
to  lay  a  foundation.  —  In  a  more  general 
sense:  ^dm-du  near,  close  to,  just  by, 
rgydn-Tias  sgra  ci-la  ^grdmr-du  don  hm  he 
has  a  great  voice,  is  making  much  noise, 
at  a  distance,  but  looking  nearer,  yon  do 
not  find  much  in  him  Mil,;  sm-gi  ^dm^ 
du  close  to  the  tree. 


99 


qnttrq-  off^dm-pa  cheek  (ci,  Kur-ts6s)y 
^  *ddin-^a  horn  son*  W.  his  cheeks 

are  fiGkllen;  Idg-pa  ^rdm^or-la  rUn^a  to 
lay  one's  hand  on  the  cheek  (in  a  pensive 
or  sorrowful  mood)  DzL 

Comp.  ^gram-Udg  a  slap  on  the  face, 
box  on  the  ear;  *dain~ddff  ffj/db-ce*  W.  to 
bOx  a  person's  ears.  —  ^am-hi  Man  that 
makes  one's  mouth  water  Sch.  —  ^gram" 
pug  LtJ  —  *d(tmr'dz6^  C,  a  blow  or  cuff 
with  the  fist  upon  the  cheek,  ^gydg-pa* 
to  deal  such  blows.  —  ^ram-^rus  cheek- 
bone, jaw-bone.  —  ^dm-ha  the  flesh  of 
the  cheek.  —  ^am-yhdg  the  hinder  part 
of  the  jaw-bone  Sch.  —  ^rdmso  cheek- 
tooth, molar-tooth,  grinder. 
Qptt|-^^qr  ^am-yig  edict,  proclamation, 

'^       '  publication  ScL 
Qnttt^Tq*  cS^dms-paiii  hurtL^. ;  of  wounds: 
^  to  get  inflamed,  ni  f.  Mil.  nt 

Q?TB^?^(3^^'  <3^^^^'^f^^^^^-i  ^  disease,  fever 
'^  '   in  consequence  of  great  ex- 

ertions Med. 


QgP'^  oS^*-p« 


QTOrn*  ^dz-pa  to  hate,  to  bear  ill-will, 
•^  to  have  a  spite  against,  *na  /y- 
loL  ^  de  Jta^  C.  I  hate  him  in  my  heart. 
QSfcn-q%r  .ff^'ogrig  l.  gelatine,  jelly  of 
^-J  I  ^-1  I  nieat  C.  2.  V.  the  following 
article. 

oSfarq-  off^g^P^  (cf-  ^grig-pa)  to  suit, 
^'-Tl  agree,  correspond,  to  be  right, 
adequate,  sufficient,  in  B.  seldom,  col.  very 
frq-i  V*?-p<*  y*^*  ^«  that  will  do,  I  am 
satisfied;  *dadig*  W.  now  that  will  do! 
just  enough  now!  ^dig^di^  W.  to  be  sure! 
quite  so!  of  course!  %o  dig  go^  W.  yes, 
to  be  sure!  *tsd'be  mi  di^  W.  it  is  not 
yet  time  for  cooking;  *(d're  tsdg-na  dig- 
ga*  W.  will  it  be  early  enough,  if  1  sift 
it  to-morrow  V  *d€  yan  mi  dig-pa  du^  W, 
also  that  is  not  practicable;  na  )c?-yan  di 
ma  dig^na  if  my  pronunciation  is  not 
correct  C.  (Lewin). 

qSWq-  .ffrib^a,  pf.  grih^  1.  to  grow  lOSS, 
^^  to  decrease,  to  be  diminished,  syn. 
to  Jbri-ia;  mi  ^<grib  mi  lud-pa  neither  to 
grow  less  nor  to  flow  over  DzL ;  but  gen. 
^p^lrba  is  opposed  to  ^ffrib-pa,  and  both 


words  refer  not  only  to  bulk,  size,  and 
quantity,  but  also  to  strength,  well-being  etc., 
so  that  ^rib-pa  also  means  to  sink,  decay, 
be  reduced;  bskdl-pa  mar  ^grib^  ace.  to 
Schr.  =  Treta  yuga  v.  dus  6;  mar  ^grib- 
pa  also  opp.  to  yar  skyi-ba  to  be  re-born 
in  lower  regions.  —  2.  to  grow  dim,  to 
get  dark,  cf.  sgnb-pa  Cs. 
q^ta-  ogf^'^,  in  %-o5^'w  Grlr.  45:  lag- 
'^  ^im-gyis  brgyus-pas  passing  from 
hand  to  hand,  v.  ^rim^-pa  II,  1. 
Q§b;t-jrr  ^rim-pa  I.  sometimes  for  Jbrim- 
^'^  pa  Pih,  II.  pf.  ^gnms  1.  to  go, 
walk,  march  about,  perambulate,  to  rove  or 
stroll  idling  about,  rgyal-l'ams  over  the 
countries  Mil.;  ybig-pur  ri-Urod-la  Mil.; 
bdr-dor  in  the  bardo  (q.v.)  Tkgr.;  mi-sSr 
)dg-pai  ^ffHm^sa  yin  it  is  a  resort  of  robbers 
Mil.;  it  is  also  used  of  the  course  of  the 
veins  in  the  body  Med.  —  2.  W.  to  go 
off,  to  sell,  to  meet  with  a  ready  sale.  — 
3.  ing-pa  ^Hmrpa  v.  rig-pa. 
Q§jq'q'  o5^'^-*«;  pf-  g^l  (cf-  ^gril-ia)  1.  to 
^^  be  twisted  or  wrapped  round,  Dzl. 
TV-St  17.  ace.  to  one  manuscript,  ior  Jhi" 
ba  Sch.;  to  be  collected,  concentrated,  to 
flock  or  crowd  together,  kun  ^^l-nas  all 
in  a  heap,  all  together  Mil.  —  2.  to  be 
turned,  rounded,  made  circular  or  cylindric, 
e.g.  a  stick  Mil.  —  3.  to  fall,  e.g.  leaves 
from  a  tree;  in  B.  seldom,  in  W.  frq.  {jdril- 
ba  is  the  same  word). 

Qi^^  offris  V.  ^dris. 

QOTfl'  og^-^^y  pf-  5''*w«,  to  bestow  pains 
^       upon  a  thing,  slob^a-la  upon  study 
Dzl. 

QCTin'cr  oS'^'*^^^?  pf-  g^*^  1-  *®  ^^  tn^iie 
<P      ready,  to  be  finished,  accomplished; 

^grub-pa  mi  arid  it  is  not  possible  that 
this  be  accomplished  Glr.;  ma  ^griilhpar 
before  its  having  been  finished  Glr,;  ma- 
^Hib-pa-maTns  ^rub-par  ^yur-ro  (frq.  of 
charms,  regarding  their  desired  effect)  prob. 
means:  all  that  has  not  yet  been  effected, 
will  be  accomplished  by  it;  grub-pa-mams 
is  applied  in  a  special  sense  to  the  ordained 
Gelongs  (v.  dg^-ddn);   kugs-la  ^grub  the 


100 


Qpf]$r^  offr&m^a 


^^  oJ7^^« 


thing  is  brought  about  quite  of  itself  Mil ; 
80  esp.  in  the  phrase:  Ihun-gyis  grub^a 
being  produced  spontaneously  (opp.  to 
making,  procuring)  e.  g.  clothes,  food  etc. 
were  always  at  his  disposal,  viz.  in  a 
supernatural  way  DzL\  dpdl-las  grub  it 
devolved  on  me  in  consequence  of  my 
perfection,  my  superior  qualities  Mil,; 
ddn-la  grub-pa  med  kyan  though  it  did 
not  actually  happen  so  (still,  being  meant 
to  frighten  by  appearances  etc.)  Glr, ;  by^d- 
na  don  cen  ^rub  if  you  do  so,  you  will 
have  many  advantages  (lit.  great  welfare) 
by  iti/^/.;  gru  .ffrub^a  Tar.  25,6;  34,20 
Schf. :  to  take  in  a  full  cargo,  though  from 
the  wide  meaning  of  the  word,  it  may 
als6  signify:  to  accomplish  a  journey 
happily,  so  esp.  in  the  passage  Tar.  35,3  — 
2.  to  be  made,  fabricated,  rdd-las  out  of 
stone.  —  3.  to  be  fulfilled,  granted,  of 
wishes  etc.,  also  with  bhin-du,  —  4.  to  be 
performed  according  to  rule,  of  charms;  cf. 
sgritb-pa  and  grub^a,  —  ^vb^bydr  is  an 
.  expression  occurring  in  almanacs,  relative 
to  the  proving  true  of  certain  astrological 
prognostics  of  good  luck,  similar  to,  but 
not  identic  with  rten-Jrrd. 

Opra-q-  ^grum-pa,  pf.  grum(?),  to  pinch 
^         or  nip  off  (the  point  of  a  thing), 
to  cut  off,  to  prune,  lop,  clip,   the  wings, 
W.y  cf.  grum-pa. 

Qcnq-q-  ^rul'ba  I.  1.  to  Walk,  to  pass,  to 
-d  travel,  ^grul-bar  by^d^a  to  cause 

to  go,  to  send  off,  despatch,  a  messenger 
DzL;  ^nun-la  duV^  W,  walk  first!  take  the 
lead!  ^rul-ba-po^  ognd-po  Sch.^  *dul- 
Uan^  dul^mi*  W.  a  walker,  foot-traveller, 
pedestrian;  ^rul-pa  Sch.  id.;  ^^grul  sbst. 
passage,  the  possibility  of  passing,  ynya- 
ndn-gi  ^gnd  'Sad-pas  the  passing  from 
Nyanan  being  made  impracticable  (viz. 
by  snow)  Mil,  —  2.  fig.  to  walk,  to  live, 
act,  or  behave,  *(i7n-8i*  (or  *ti7nr^ni^  nan- 
tar*  W,  (to  live)  in  conformity  with  one's 
duty,  in  accordance  to  the  law.  —  3.  to 
pass,  to  be  good,  current,  of  coins. 

II.  i.  o.  brul'ba  Mil 


Opwj-q-  cff^^-P^  ^  •  pf-  of  ojrrti-fta.  —  2.  sbst. 

nT       zeal,  diligence,  endeavour;  more 
frq.  brtfon-^^grus, 
QCTJ-q-  ^^ba  1.  to  roll  one's  self,  sd-la 

^        on  the  ground;  ^e-lddg  Glr.  (or 
^e  I6g  Pth.)  by^d-pa  id.,  e.g.  from  pain, 
despair  etc.;  also  of  horses  etc.  —  2.  to 
repeat  Cs. 
Qpt-q-  ^r^n-ba  (cf.  ^sgren-ba)  to  stand 

^  (not  in  use  in   W.)  ddn-gi  /car 

^r^n-nas  standing  at  the  top  of  the  pit 
DzL;  dndm-pa  Itar  ^grSn-bar  ^gyur  they 
start  up  as  if  frightened  Dzl.;  of  the  po- 
mfsdn:  to  be  erected  Med.;  mi  ^gren  ysum 
three  lengths  of  a  man  Tar.  —  ^rM-bUy 
also  ^rSri-po  (Glr.)  the  sign  of  the  vowel  e, 

"^  ^  '^  dgrarriy  imp.  Icroms  ( W.  *tam' 
ce*,  imp.  *f(m*)  I.  to  put  or  lay  dOWn  in 
order,  e.g.  beams,  spars  etc.  B.  and  col  ; 
to  spread  out,  to  display,  goods,  books,  on 
the  table  or  ground;  to  scatter,  blossoms 
by  the  wind  Stg.;  to  draw,  a  curtain.  — 
2.  to  sprinkle,  water,  B.  and  col.  —  3.  to 
distribute,  for  Jbrim-pa  C. 
QnprsT  o9^^^'^^y  pf-  bkraly  another  form 
^^  for  ^oUba,  to  explain,  comment, 
illustrate,  dgdns-pa  the  import  (of  the  words 
or  writings  of  the  saints);  ^grel-ba  Cs.^ 
^'el-paZam.y  Tar.  explanation,  explication, 
commentary;  don-^M,  resp.  dgons-^il 
explanation  of  the  meaning;  fsig-^d  ex- 
planation of  a  word,  of  the  words;  ^iun- 
grel  1.  explication  of  the  text  2.  text  and 
commentary;  ran-^grH  ^roh.  self-explana- 
tion, an  explanation  contained  in  the  book 
itself  Wdri.;  ^grel-ba-po  Cs.y  ^griUpo  Sch., 
^el-byid  6s.  an  explainer,  commentator. 
QpaTi'fsiin^rd'baj  and  Ural^d-ba  Leax.f) 
C&v^  o9^<^'^9^  ^'  expense,  expenditure,  of 

'^  ^\    money,  ^do-gor  tdn-ba*  to  lay  out 
(money),  to  spend. 
OSf^'  ofi^o-W?//  Dramila,  country  in  the 

**  ^       south    of  India   Schf.;    another 
reading   gives   Dravida   (coast    of   Coro- 
mandel). 
q^rq-  ^6-ba  I.  vb.,  pf.  and  imp.  «ow,  the 

^        imp.  oi^o(s)    seldom   used,    1.  to 


d^^  cffrMa 


0^^  ^rd-ha 


101 


walk,  Icyeu  ogro  mi  tfits-pa  gdg-pa  Ua/m  an 
infant,  a  child,  that  creeps  only,  and  is  not 
yet  able  to  walk  Dzlr^  ^^d-fta  dan  nydU 
ha  dan  ^dug-pa  the  walking,  lying  and 
sitting  Dd.;  com.  in  a  more  gen.  sense: 
to  gOy  to  move,  ^6-am  mi  ^0  will  you 
go  or  not?  rgyaUpoi  mdun-la  ^grd^ai  lag- 
ca  the  things  going,  i.e.  carried,  before 
the  king  Glr, ;  to  go  away,  da  na  ^grd-bar 
hi  now  I  beg  to  be  permitted  to  go  Pth,] 
ynds^as  ^grd^a  to  go  away  from  a  place, 
to  leave,  Hyimr-nas  ^gro  mi  pdd-na  if  one 
cannot  leave  his  house,  part  from  home 
Pth,;  to  go  out,  Uyod  nyin-par  rtdg-tu  ^gro- 
na  if  during  the  day  you  always  go  out, 
are  from  home  D^Z.;  to  travel,  paTt-fsun- 
du  ^6^a  DzL^  par  ^o  tsur  ^rd-ba  Pth. 
tiavelling  there  and  back;  yar  ^gro  mar 
o^d-ia  to  travel  up  and  down,  up  hill 
and  down  hill  GZr.;  ^rd-cos-m  as  a  spiritual 
vademecum  Mil,;  ^d-fse  on  the  way,  on 
the  road;  opp.  to  ^6h-ha  (more  fully:  par 
ojrro  tmr  ^on-bay  col.  yon-ba)  to  go  and 
to  come  back;  hence  ^ro-fse  may  also 
mean:  on  the  way  thither;  ^gro-^on-m^d- 
pa  a  thing  that  is  neither  going  nor  coming, 
but  always  remaining  in  its  place  Mil.; 
to  go,  move  on,  to  continue  one's  way,  esp. 
in  the  phrase  son^'Son^-ia-^las.  Connected 
with  adverbs  and  postpositions :  pyir  ^grd' 
ha  to  return,  go  home,  to  come  back,  also :  to 
go  out,  mdun-du^  sn&ip^u^  sriun-la  ^d-ba 
to  go  before,  pass  before,  precede  (mdun- 
du  referring  to  space  only,  andn-du  and 
9nun^u  both  to  space  and  time);  ryes-su 
^6^a  to  follow,  come  after  or  later,  to 
succeed,  also  to  give  one's  self  over  to, 
to  addict  one's  self  to  (e.g.  ill  courses) 
Ld.'Glr.  ScfU.  p.  7,b;  ^gro  hig,  C.  let  it 
be,  let  it  take  its  course!  -^  rkydl-^ro 
a  swimming  fish  Cs.  —  dgiir  (or  rgur)- 
^0  =  dud'^o.  —  oS^niZ-o^ro  pacing, 
walking  Cs. — ^gyi^-off^  running,  galloping 
Cs.  —  ndn-^gro  going  to  damnation,  iidn- 
wn  having  gone  to  damnation,  fidn-sm 
pum  the  three  damned,  or  not  saved, 
classes  of  beings  (v.  sub  II);  ndn-^on  ysum 
is  opposed  to  bdi-^ro^  and  often  used  in 


a  general  sense  =  1iell\  —  sndn-^gro  1.  pre- 
ceding, foregoing,  previous,  former.  2.  preface, 
introduction,  opp.  to  dnos-yii^  the  thing 
itself^  the  text  etc.  Thgr.  and  elsewh.  — 
ISos  (ams-Md-kyi SHdn-^roisldb-byaFetersh. 
Verzeichniss  no.  409)  does  not  mean :  'advice 
given  by  the  former  (teachers)'  S<?A.,  but: 
introductory  and  preparatory  doctrines.  — 
mifdn-^o  (going  in  leaps)  a  frog  Cs.  — 
nydU^ro  (creeping,  crawling)  a  worm.  — 
Itd'^gro  (crawling,  sliding  on  the  belly) 
worm,  snake,  frq.  —  dud-^o  (^Ssk.,  fwi^) 
walking  in  an  inclined  posture,  an  animal, 
V.  sub.  n.  —  bd^'^o  going  to  happiness: 
the  happy,  the  blessed,  also  bd^-^o  Was.^ 
opp.  to  ridn-^o^  v.  above;  usually  in  a 
gen.  sense,  like  our  'heaven';  bd^-^o 
mfo-ris-kyi  lus  fdb-pa  to  receive  a  heavenly, 
glorified  body,  v.  liis.  —  Jtur^^o  trotting 
Cs.  —  Jmr-gro  a  bird  Cs.  —  oPy^'off^^  = 
Itd'^o.  —  IdnS'^v  walking  erect,  man. 
—  2.  to  get,  to  get  into,  to  enter  E-bdag- 
gi  dbdn-du  sdn-ba  having  got  into  the 
power  of  death  S.g.;  grdUgyi  fd-mar  son 
they  got  (in  a  miraculous  manner)  to  the 
end  Dzl.  VvS,  4.  b.;  de  nyid  mig-tu  s6n- 
na  if  the  same  (ar  little  hair)  gets  into  the 
eye  Thgy.  —  3.  to  find  room  in,  to  be 
contained  in,  like^dn-ba:  til-r^dn  Ual  brgydd-- 
hi  ^grd^ba  zig  a  sesame  store-room  that 
will  hold  80  bushels;  KalyHg  ^d-bai  zin 
as  much  land  as  can  be  sown  with  a 
bushel  of  com  (prop,  a  field  holding  a 
bushel)  Pth.  —  4.  to  turn  to,  to  be  frans- 
formed  into,  syn.  to  ^^gy&r-ba  and  often 
used  instead  of  it,  but  only  in  more  re- 
cent writings,  and  in  the  col.  language  of 
C  (in  W.  *M'de*  is  much  more  in  use): 
dtig^tu  ^0  it  turns  to  poison,  it  is  changed 
into  poison  Mil. ;  Uyi-mo  hig^tu  son  she  was 
changed  into  a  bitch  Mil. ;  mfar  gyur-nas 
sdtig'bsndl-du  ^grd^bas-na  because  they 
finally  change  and  are  turned  into  misery 
Tligy.;  Idg-par  ^d-ba  to  take  an  un- 
favourable turn,  to  have  a  fatal  issue  (of 
a  cure)  ht.\  da  sgrub-ynas-su  son  yod  it 
has  now  become  a  place  of  meditation,  it 
has  been  transformed  into  sacred  ground 


102 


Q^S^^cr  osrrdgs-pa 


Mil.;  stohs  'Siin^du  ^grd-ba  the  state  of 
declining,  the  decay  oisireugthMed,;  M- 
har  ^ro  they  get  intermixed,  confused 
Ma,;  similarly  Tar.  210,10;  las  zin  ^rd^ 
na  when  there  is  no  more  work,  when 
work  ceases.  In  a  somewhat  different 
sense:  mi-tog  smdn-la  ^ro  the  blossom  is 
used  for  medicines.  —  5.  In  W.  ^d-ba 
is  gen.  joined  to  a  supine  in  te,  and  used 
to  express  uncertainty  or  probability:  *dt- 
i*ih  der  Ub-te  do*  he  has  probably  arriv^ed 
there  to-day;  "zir^te  yod  do*  very  likely 
he  has  said  so;  *hro  U-te  do*  his  anger 
will  have  abated,  I  think.  The  origin  of 
this  particular  use  of  the  word  may  perh. 
be  traced  to  such  sentences  as  the  one 
following:  pun-^te  ^ro  we  are  going  to 
be  ruined,  we  are  likely  to  be  ruined.  — 
6.  to  be  spent,  expended,  v.  ^T6-%go;  *^m- 
fo*  col.,  account,  of  expenses. 

II.  sbst.  a  being,  a  living  creature,  ^' 
ba  mi  the  being  *man',  Mil.;  ^d^arin- 
(fin  Cs.,  Qgro-mSdgy  the  highest  being,  or 
creature,  man;  ^rd-bai  rigs  drug^  ^ro- 
drug  the  six  classes  of  beings,  viz.  /Aa, 
Iha-ma-ytTiy  md,  dud-^o,  yi-dvags^  dmydU 
ba-pa.  The  Iha-ma-yin  are  sometimes 
omitted,  or  placed  after  man.  —  ^o('bai) 
don  byid'pa,  or  mdzad-pa  to  care  for  the 
welfare  of  beings,  which  expression  is 
frq.  applied  to  the  benevolent  activity  of 
the  Bodhisatvas  etc.,  at  present  as  much 
as:  to  perform  divine  service,  to  officiate, 
=  sku-rim  by  id-pa.  —  ^opdn  =  ^o-d&n 
Tar.  13, 16.  —  ^6-m  1.  way,  road  TT., 
*d6-m  m£d^  one  cannot  go  there.  2.  aim, 
scope,  ^6-sar  pyin  he  reaches  his  aim, 
attains  his  end  Glr.  3.  access,  approach, 
^grdsa  mi  ^dug  one  cannot  gain  access, 
admission 

'^  '  associated,  l^yo-kUg  j-nyis  ^dgs- 
na  husband  and  wife  together  Dzl;  de 
dan  ^dgS'te  ^ons  he  came  with  him,  had 
joined  him  Dzl.;  ^dgs-te  ddh-no  let  us 
go  together  DzL;  na  dan  Ryid-maym  Jjral- 
mid  rtdg-tu  ^ogs  I  and  you,  we  shall 
always   remain  inseparably   united  Glr.; 


^dgs-^os-mams  those  with  whom  we  are 
to  keep  close  fellowship,  our  nearest  re- 
lations and  associates  S.g.  —  2.  cf.  ogrdgi- 
pay  sgrdg-pd)  to  cry,  to  Shout  DzLy  esp. 
joined  with^iod.  —  3.  (cf.  grds^pay  grdgs-^ 
pa  I.)  to  bind,  to  tie,  tdg-pa-la  dar4€dg,  a 
flag  to  a  rope;  to  hang,  fix,  fasten,  nyi-mai 
zir-la  hanging  on  a  sun-beam  Glr. 

dStr^y'Sf  offrdn(^)-pOy    or   ^dtis-pa, 
^^   ^    ^         straight,  =  bsrdns^a,  Ts. 

pSryo'  o9i*^'f>^  1-  pf-  grans  1.  resp.  to 
die;  ^dns-ka  the  very  time  of 
one's  death  C«.,  cf.  JH-ka;  sometimes  it 
stands  2.  for  ^drin-pa^  Mil.  and  C.  —  2.  pt 
bkronsy  fut.  dgrons^  resp.  to  be  killed,  murdered, 
put  to  death,  of  Lamas  and  kings. 
Qair-jn-  ^r6d'paj=:^bgr6d-pa,  to  go,  to 
^-^       travel  Glr. 

qSmt  ^on  alienism,  the  state  of  bemg  a 
^  '  foreigner;  ^grdn-du  ^S-ba  to  go 
on  travels,  to  go  abroad  DzL;  ^ff^dn-pOy 
fem.  ^rdn-mOy  guest,  foreigner,  stranger, 
traveller  fi*q.;  ^grdn-po  JM-mlian  one 
inviting  guests,  an  inviter  col.;  yzis-^on 
a  native  guest,  byis-^ron  a  foreign  guest 
Cs. ;  ^on-Udn  inn,  public  house  Mil. ;  ^on- 
ynyir  \.  that  servant  in  a  household  who 
has  to  announce  visitors,  to  receive  and 
hand  over  requests  etc. ;  in  W.  an  official 
in  the  monasteries  attending  on  strangers 
and  travellers.  2.  a  mediator,  one  supporting 
a  petition,  one  taking  care  of  sacrifices  etc. 
—  ^on4dm  road  Cs. 

Q^^fe"^'  ^6n-pay  Cs.  =  ^6d-pa. 

oSfMrn*  cff^dn-bu  (W.  col.  *rum-bt^)  a 
•''  ^  small  shell,  cowry,  at  present  chiefly 
used  as  ornament,  or  as  a  medicine,  after 
having  been  burnt  and  pulverized;  ^rdn- 
bui  fal  the  ashes  of  this  shell  Med. ;  f^gron- 
fdd  an  ornament  for  the  head,  consisting 
of  cowries  Mil. 

OPJ^'  ^or,  supine  of  ^d-ba. 

oSfpi'fl"  o^^W«  I.  vb.  neut.,  pf.  grdy  to 
'^         become  free,  to  be  liberated,  re- 
leased from,  bbinS'pa  gan  yin-pa  di-dag 
nd  grdUbar  gyiir-to  all  that  were  bound 


d^ 


103 


csn'08 


ft'  rgu 

n5 


were  released;  lus  di  las  from  this  body 
Glr.;  ndd'lm  from  disease,  wa«  by  me  MU, 
In  a  specific  Buddhistic  sense:  yid^  or  sems 
mdm-par  grol  the  soul  or  spirit  is  released, 
made  free,  viz.  from  every  impediment 
arising  from  imperfect  knowledge  or  per- 
ception, the  latter  being  no  longer  subject 
to  dimness  and  uncertainty,  but  perfectly 
clear;  ran(-8ar)  grdl-ba  what  has  become 
clear  of  itself  (without  any  study  or  exertion) 
Glr,;  yet  ran  grdl-ba  seems  also  to  denote: 
to  be  set  free,  to  get  released  (from  the 
fi^r-ba)  through  one's  self;  cos-nyid-kyi 
gUn-du  ^dl-ia  to  be  released  and  elevated 
into  the  region  of  the  highest  perception 
Glr,; ^dl-bayused  absolutely,  always  signi- 
fies, like  far-hay  to  be  released  from  the  evil 
of  existence. 

II.  vb.  act,  pf.  bkroly  fut.  dgroly  imp. 
1irol{W.  hkroly  pronounced  *ft)Z*)  1.  to  loOSe, 
untie,  unbutton^  unfasten,  a  knot,  a  bag,  a 
garment;  to  put  down,  take  off,  arms,  or- 
naments etc.  —  2.  to  release,  redeem,  liberate, 
bcins-pa-las  from  fetters  Ta7\  —  3.  to  re- 
move, do  away  with,  put  an  end  to,  sduff- 
bsndl  misery,  fe-fsdm  doubts.  —  4.  to  re- 
move obscurities,  to  free  from  uncertainties, 
to  explain,  interpret,  comment,  =  ^rSUbay 
e.g.  dgdns^a  the  sense,  import  L«^. ;  ^groU 
h^d)  o9^^K''^^y-po  commentator  Cs. 
q3k|-  o^f^  ^^^  act  of  90'ng,  walking,  pyi 
oCf(^ssu  V.  sub  ^gyis-pa;  skyabs-^rds 
▼.  skyabs;  spyod-^ffi^ds  manner  of  walking, 
gait,  carriage;  sen-gei  spyod-grds  Mil,  the 
manner  of  a  lion;  also  manner  or  mode 
of  living,  of  transacting  business,  di-fso 
nd-yi  spyod-^ffrds  yin  these  are  my  occupa- 
tions MU,;  mig^  spyod-^ds  the  language 
of  the  eyes,  of  looks;  rkan-gi'ds  1.  agoing 
or  travelling  on  foot,  a  march.  2.  breeding 
catde,  rkah'^69  spil^ba  to  breed  cattle, 
to  be  a  grazier.  —  hi-^grds  a  current  of 
water;  *^  hi'^6s4a  kydl-c^  to  float  tim- 
ber W.  —  ^oS'cSn  amble  (of  a  horse)  Sch, 
i.q*  rga-ba^  pf.  rgas  1.  to  be  old,  aged, 
'  rgorMs  yzir-ba  to  suffer  under  (the 
infirmities  of)  old  age  Zam,  (cf.  skyi-ba 
iait);  rgds-pai  sUn-du  beside  my  being 


already  old  Dzl, ;  rgas-Udgs  v.  Jfdgs-pa,  — 

2.  fig.  to  go  down,  to  set,  of  the  sun  etc.; 

go-rgds  v.  go  2. 

5i'^3Kr'^^'^  r5fa-w?aw-Afrad-^3/^(?)bat,flltler- 

^S^^^mouseTs. 

SFT^'  ^9^9'^9  *  ^*^8^  S^^y  species  of 

«  '      '    lizard  Ld. 
gjT^  rgariy  also  ^ah-yzh'-ma  hedgehog  /ScA., 

I      or  perh.  rather  porcupine. 
furzv  rgdd-pa,  or  rgdn-pa,  old,  aged;  more 

'  ^  frq.  rgddrj>o  1.  an  old  man,  a  man 
gray  with  old  age.  2.  an  elder,  senior, 
headman  of  a  village;  rgdd-mo  an  old  wo- 
man; rgan-bgrk  old  people  Sch.;  rgan-rg&n 
}nyis  Sch. :  'both  the  old  man  and  the  old 
woman' (?) ;  rgan-^ydn'mams-kyiskyo-grdgs 
the  comforter  of  old  people  (so  Mil.  calls 
himself). — ryan-%/«  old  people  and  children, 
old  and  jonng  Mil. — rgan-mi-mdn  =  rgan- 
ysum.  —  gan-fsir-ldn-f^r  W.y  gen-ign-dhal- 
rim  C.  the  privileges  of  seniority.  —  rgan- 
^ugs  those  that  are  grown  old  Cs.,  'an  old 
monk'(?)  Sch.  —  rgannrabs  the  aged,  rgan- 
rdbs'la  rim-gro  byid^a  Stg.,  rgan-^gs  pw- 
dyd-du  Uur-ba  S.g.  to  respect  old  age.  — 
rgan-ysttmj  rgaip-mi^mdn  the  elders  of  a 
village. 
^'  rgal  W.  a  ford. 

flOI*^^^'  rgah-big-pa  =  rgag-cig  Ld. 

ftOJ'Q'  rgdl'ba,  pf.  and  fut.  fo'^aZ,  imp.  rgoly 
'  c.  /as,  or  accus.,  or  /a,  to  step  over 

(a  threshold)  Glr.;  to  pass  or  climb  over 
(a  mountain);  la  brgdl-bai  byd/i-nos  the 
north-side  of  a  pass  crossed  Glr. ;  to  leap 
over  (a  wall)  DzL;  to  ford  (a  river);  to 
travel  through,  td  sail  over,  to  pass  (a  river 
or  lake),  rgyd-mtso-la  ginc-yzins-kyi  lam- 
nas  brgdl'te  after  having  crossed  the  sea 
in  a  ship. 

ft^'dCT^'  rgal'fsigs  Sch.  =  sgal-fsigs. 

ffi^  rgaSy  v.  rgd-ba. 

A^m-  rgds'ka  old  age;  rgdS'ka  sra  a  vi- 


3' 


gorous  old  age. 
rgu  sometimes  for  dgu;  rgurfub  =  dgu- 
tttb  Med.;  -gurdru9? 


104 


^1^'^  rgud-pa 


Qfrq"  rgud'pa  to  decline,  to  sink,  to  get 
n/'  weak,  frail,  esp.  with  old  age  3ft/., 
Pih.\  in  W.  used  in  a  more  general  sense: 
•grr^cf  soil*  1.  he  has  grown  thin.  2.  he  is 
impoverished,  much  reduced,  in  declining 
circumstances;  dar^gM  the  rise  and  fall 
in  the  world,  ^v^v^^^.  X  ^.^^^rJfjL  o^v^  . 
A^  rgun  the  vine;  grape;  rgw^kdr  white 
^5  '  grapes ,  rgun  -  nag  black ,  or  purple 
grapes  IT.;  rgun-rg6d  W.  raisins;  rgun- 
Jyrum  grapes;  raisins;  rgun  Q-JmimYUn 
vine;  rgun^-Jbrumytsas  vineyard;  rgun-cdn 
Mil.  wine,  resp.  rgun-skgems  Cs, 
£(f^  rgur  v.  dgur. 

m  rgOy  sometimes  for  sgo. 

h|'^  rgd-ba  =  dgd-ba, 

ftC^  rgom  S.gJ 

Sfc^ST  rgdns-mo  Mil.  for  dgdm-mo  (?). 

^.  rgod  1.  laughing,  laughter  S.g,  —  2.  bird 
^  of  prey.  —  3.  wild.  —  4.  prudent  (v. 

the  following  word). 

Sijr'q-  rgdd'pa  I    vb.   1.  to  laugh,   aloud 

'  '  Mil,;  (Bal.  *rg6d-ca*)  cf.  gdd-mOy 
dgddrpa^  bgdd-pa.  —  2.  to  grow  weak,  lan- 
guid, or  indolent,  syn.  to  yyM^ba^  often 
joined  with  byin,  for  emphasis;  rgddrbag- 
can  weak,  languid,  indoleut  Stg, 

II.  adj.  1.  wild,  ra-rgdd  wild  goat, 
pag-rgdd  wild  boar,  yyag-rgdd  wild  yak  or 
ox;  rgod-yyag-rwd  horn  of  the  wild  yak 
S,g,;  byor^gdd  vulture,  bird  of  prey  =  bya^ 
rgydl;  rgod^o,  and  rgod  id.;  rgod-kyi  rtse- 
rgydl  an  eagle's  feather,  stuck  as  ornameut 
on  the  hat  PtJi.;  mi-i^gdd  a  wild  or  savage 
man;  a  robber,  ruffian;  mi-rgdd  byed-pa  to 
rob  (usually  named  together  with  murder- 
ing and  lying)  Dzl.^  but  as  the  Tibetan 
always  attaches  to  this  word  mi^gdd  the 
notion  of  some  gigantic  hairy  fiend,  it 
cannot  in  every  instance  be  applied  to  be- 
ings really  existing.  —  Fig.  furious,  angry 
(seldom);  dbugs-rgdd  Med  J —  2.  prudent, 
able  C,  Zam, 
gjc'^  rgdd-ma^  rta  rgdd-ma  (Bal,  ^gun- 

«  ^        ?wa*  a  mare;  rgod'skdmrma  a  bar- 


5'  r^ya 

ren  mare  Sch,\  rgod-briin  dung  of  a  mare 
Med, 

flfpl'  rgol  1.  V.  rgdl-^a.    2.  v.  rgol-ba. 

^ffiva'  f^g^l-if^i  pf*  and  fiit.  brgol,  to  dispute, 
'  combat,  fight,  mi-la  with  or  against 

a  man;  pd-rol-poi  dmdg-la  rgdl-du  ^d-ba 
they  are  about  to  fight  against  the  hostile 
army  DzL;  j-zdn-gyis  rgol  ma  nus-so  no- 
body could  fight  them,  could  make  head 
against  them  Glr.;  to  offer  resistance,  to 
make  opposition,  sua  kyan  rgdlrba  ^dzugs- 
pai  mi  ma  byuii  nobody  arose  to  offer  re- 
sistance Pth,  (evidently  incorrect;  it  should 
be  either ;  at«  hjan  rgdl-ba  ^dzuga-pa  [inf.] 
ma  byuf'ij  or:  rgoUba  ^dzttgs-pai  [partic] 
Tni  su  yan  Tna  byun);  sometimes  as  much 
as  to  accuse,  to  charge,  Hydd-kyis  nai  bu 
bsdd'do  les  brgdl-te  'you  have  killed  my 
son',  thus  accusing  me  DzL ;  fsur  ynyis 
rgol  he  quarrels  at  a  double  rate  Mil. ;  9m- 
la  rgdUba  zu-ba  to  find  fault  with  another 
(higher  in  rank),  to  pick  a  quarrel  with 
him  MiL\  rgol-bai  iu-don  a  speech  pro- 
voking a  quarrel  with  a  superior  Mil. ;  pas- 
rgdl  a  quarrel  or  contest  begun  by  the 
counter-party  Sch,;  pas-rgol-mi,  pas  rgol- 
pa  mi  adversary,  opponent  Dzl,  ;^o,  2.  — 
siid-rgol^  and  pyi-rgol  (Ssk,  ^^^\fi\  & 
M<^lf^^)  1-  ^<^*  ^o  ^'^'  plaintiff  ana  de- 
fendant, but  these  terms  are  not  quite  ade- 
quate, as  snd-^rgol  prop,  denotes  him  who 
begins  a  quarrel,  the  aggressor,  assailant, 
both  in  war  and  in  common  life,  e.g.  in 
court,  and  pyi-rgol  designates  him,  who 
is  intent  on  defending  himself  against  the 
attacks  and  accusations  of  the  opponent, 
by  surpassing  him  in  abusive  language 
and  esp.  by  having  recourse  to  witch- 
craft. Hence  pyir-rgdl-bai  yndd-pa  is  a 
kind  of  danger  against  which  every  one 
tries  to  protect  himself,  and  chiefly  again 
by  charms  and  witchcraft  —  2.  sna-rgol 
and  pyi-^gol  are  also  said  to  signify  those 
students  that  are  contending  with  one  an- 
other in  academical  disputations. 

rgya  1.  resp.  pyag-rgyd,  seal,  stamp, 
marl(,  sign,  tol(en;  (pyag-)  rgyds  ^dibs- 


s 


105 


^*  rgya 

puy  Cs.  rgya  hrgyab^dy  to  seal,  to  stamp; 
to  seal  up,  bum-pa-la  a  bottle  Glr. ;  ndvi- 
mKai  dbydi^s-su  (to  seal  up)  into  the  hea- 
venly regions,  i.e.  to  cause  to  disappear, 
to  hide  for  ever  Glr, ;  to  confirm  or  pledge 
solemnly  by  a  sealed  document;  ri-rgya 
Itch  ^  rgya  ^dzug-pa  'to  seal  up  bills  and 
valleys',  i.e.  to  protect  the  living  beings 
inhabiting  them  from  being  harmed  by 
huntsmen  or  fishermen,  an  annual  perfor- 
mance of  the  Dalai  Lama,  consisting  in  a 
variety  of  spells  and  incantations;  rgya 
yl'dg-pa  to  break  open  a  seal  Cs.  —  Fur- 
ther expressions  v.  compounds.  —  2.  (Cs, 
rgya -bo?)  extent,  width,  size,  rgyar  dpag- 
tU'wM'pa  immeasurable  in  extent  Glr,\ 
sems-can-gyi  rgyai  fsad  ni  ci  tsam  how 
vast  must  be  the  extent  (of  love)  with  res- 
pect to  beings!  T/igy,;  rgya- tan  having 
extent,  mUySn-rgya-can  of  extensive  learn- 
ing Milr^  rgya-cen^-po)  of  very  large  size, 
very  extensive,  of  a  building,  a  pond  etc. ; 
grand,  enormous,  prodigious,  of  banquets 
feasts,  sacrifices,  assemblies ;  c.  accus.  very 
rich  in,  Schr.;  in  a  general  sense:  great, 
stdn-pa  rgya-ce-ba  a  great  master  or  teacher 
Thgy. ;  rgya-cen  spydd-pai  bld-ma  may  be 
rendered:  a  very  virtuous  Lama,  po. ;  rgya- 
iuh  denotes  the  contrary  of  all  this;  rgya^ 
ce^iuTi  V.  rgya-Uydn  in  Compounds;  rgya- 
?^  adv.  «=»  rgydS'par  in  detail,  at  large,  at 
full  length,  e.g.  to  explain;  rgya-cer  byM- 
pa  to  extend  Feer  Introd.  etc.  p.  72;  rgya- 
cer-rdl^pa  Lalitav^istara  or  Lalitavist&ra^ 
title  of  a  biography  of  Buddba,  translated 
and  edited  by  Foucaua  (a  conjecture  con- 
cerning the  signification  of  the  Sanskrit 
word  V.  Fouc.  Rgyatcherr,  11.  p.  XXII.; 
some  statements  relative  to  the  Chinese 
translations  of  this  work,  v.  ibid.  p.  XVI., 
and  PTos.  176;  on  the  historical  value  of  it 
V.  Was,  3,  4);  rgya  bskyid-pa  Zam,^  Cs,  to 
widen,  augment,  enlarge,  extend,  rgya 
bskum-pa  to  contract,  to  diminish  the  ex- 
tent Lastly,  it  also  denotes,  like  dkyil- 
JioTy  a  plain  surface,  a  disk :  nyi  zlai  rgya 
dkar  sar  Mil,  the  bright  disks  of  the  sun 
and  moon  appear,  cf.  rgyas  in  zla-rgyds; 


^'  rgya 


V.  also  the  compounds.  —  3.  (6s.  rgyd-mo:, 
perh.  also  rgyd-ma)  net;  byd-rgya  fowling- ^~^^ 
net,  nyd^rgya  fishing-net,  ri-dags  -  7*gya 
hunting -net,  —  4.  for  rgyd-ma,  v.  com- 
pounds. —  5.  for  rgyd-mo  beard,  rgyd^ 
can  having  a  beard,  bearded  C,  —  6.  for 
rgya-gdr^  rgya-gdr-pa^  and  rgya-gdr-skad. 

—  7.  for  rgya-ndg^  rgya-ndg-pa,  and  rgya- 
ndg-skad.  —  8.  for  rgya-ru,  —  9.  for  rgya- 
sky^gs,  —  10.  erron.  for  brgya, 

Cemp.  and  deriv.  rgya-dkdr  l.  nyi- 
zldi  rgya-dkdr  v.  above  do.  2.  extr.  2.  Cs, 
=  rgya-gdr  India,  3.  Cs,  a  dog  with  white 
spots  on  the  nose.  —  rgya-skdd  1.  Sans- 
krit language,  2.  Chinese  language.  —  rgya- 
skds  (  W.  *gya'hre*)  a  (European)  staircase, 
cf.  skds-ka,  —  rgya-sk^gs,  rgya-sky^Sy  Ssk, 
^fmjj  Williams:  'a  kind  of  red  dye,  lac, 
obtained  from  an  insect  as  well  as  from 
the  resin  of  a  particular  tree' ;  in  medical 
works  it  is  mentioned  as  an  astringent  me- 
dicine; the  adjectives  dkar^rgyd  light-red, 
and  rgya-smug  violaceous  C.  are  derived 
from  this  word.  —  rgya-Kur  Med,?  —  rgya- 
Uyi  a  Chinese  dog.  —  rgya-tiydn  width, 
extent,  area  Pth,^  col.  ^gya-^e-cuff,  —  rgya- 
Kri  C.  chair.  —  rgya-gdr  (the  'white  ex- 
tent or  plain')  India,  rgya-gdr-pa  an  Indian, 
rgya-gar-skad  Sanskrit  language.  —  rgya- 
grdm  a  figure  like  a  cross;  rdo^tye-rgya- 
gram  shaped  like  a  quadrifid  flower;  rluh 
rgya-grdm  hh-pa  Glr,  seems  to  be  =  rlun^ 
gi  dkyil-Jior  atmosphere  (connected  with 
some  phantastic  association);  Idm-po  rgya- 
grdm  a  cross-road  Sch,  —  rgya-tdn  a  kind 
of  girdle  Lea;,  —  rgya-lan  v.  rgya  2  and 
5.  —  rgya-cu-Uiig-pa  n.  of  a  river  in  China 
near  the  Tibetan  frontier  (also  rgya- hi- 
rabs-med)  Glr,  —  rgya-^e  etc.  v.  rgya  2. 

—  rgya-tdm  Bhot,  =  tdmr-ka,  the  third  part  . 
of  a  rupee.  —  rgya-^^tags  maric,  signature, 
stamp  Sch,  —  rgya-fil  a  kind  of  seal  or 
stamp  Cs,  —  rgya-mtdiis  1.  a  platform, 
an  open  pavilion  on  the  house-top,  2.  a 
vent-hole  for  smoke.  —  rgya-^dri  a  quarrel 
MiLnt,  —  rgya -nag  (the  'black  extent') 
China,  rgya-ndg-pa^  and  -Twa  a  China-man 
and  woman;  rgyd-mams  the  Chinese  Glr, 

1* 


^/^y-f'^v^ 


f  .'  l/;    o^-  :fiv  /.  \ 


106 


J: 


,      '^'  ^' rgya 

—  rffya-^n  W,  the  great  royal  seal,  of  a 
square  form;  surpassing  (ndn-pa)  all  others 
in  influence  and  power.  --  rgya-dpe  a 
Sanskrit  book  Tar.  33,  2.  —  rgya-^-lin 
n.  of  the  country,  rgya-pi-lih'pay  n.  of  the 
people,  through  which  the  Tibetans  heard 
first  (prob.  at  the  beginning  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century)  of  the  civilized  nations  of 
the  Occident,  hence  n.  for  British  India,  for 
Englishman,  or  European  resident  of  Bri- 
tish India,  and  also  (sometimes  without 
rgya)  for  Europe  and  European  in  general. 
The  word  is  of  course  not  to  be  found  in 
literature.  Some  derive  it  from  'Feringhi', 
which  term,  in  the  slightly  altered  form  of 
j>a-^*dn,  jpe-rdn^  is  current  in  6'.,  along  with 
the  above  mentioned  rgya-jd-lin;  it  is  there- 
fore not  improbable,  that  pi-Un  represents 
only  the  more  vulgar  pronunciation  of  the 
genuine  Tibetan  word  pyi-glin^  an  out- 
country,  a  distant  foreign  country  and  esp. 
Europe,  Chr,  Prot  —  rgya-pib(8)y  rgya- 
pubQi)  a  Chinese  roof  Glr.  —  rgyd-ba  1. 
vb.  to  be  wide,  extensive,  pf.  rgya»  (q.v.), 
2,  sbst.  width,  extent,  3.  adj.  wide;  rgyd- 
bar  ^yiir-ba  to  extend,  to  increase,  to  be- 
come copious  6«.,  perh.  no  longer  in  use. 

—  rgyd-bo  1.  Cs.  and  Lex.  beard.  2.  a 
Chinese  Glr.y  but  not  without  an  allusion 
to  the  former  signification.  —  rgya-dbdn 
rin-^O'C^  title  of  the  Dalai  Lama,  v.  Utic 
n.,  275,  where  'kian  ngarC  stands  erro- 
neously. —  rgyd-ma  1.  a  large  steel-yard 
6%  rgya  '  ma-la  ^d^gs-pa  to  weigh  Glr,, 
*gyd -ma-la  teg-ne*  C.  being  weighed  out 
by  retail,  e.g.  meat;  *gyd -ma-la  ma  tig- 
ne*  C,  wholesale.  2.  a  sealed  paper,  do- 
cument. —  rgyoi-mi  a  Chinese.  —  rgyd-^mo 

1.  net  Cs.  2.  a  Chinese  woman  Glr,;  rgyd- 
nfw-bza  id.  —  rgya-i*md  the  venereal  disease 
Sch,  —  rgyasmug  violet  colour  C.  —  rgya- 
fsd  sal  ammoniac  Med,  —  rgya-Ms  Med,y 
perh.  =  rq^ya-skyigs.  —  rgyd-mfso  1.  sea, 
ocean;  rgyd-mfsor  oJ^'P^  ^^  S^  ^  sea 
DzL,  ytdh-ba  to  let  one  go  to  sea  Dzl,; 
pyii  rgyd-mfso  the  outer  sea,  ocean;  ndn-gi 
rgyd-mfso  an  inner  sea,  inland  sea,  lake. 

2.  Bal.  (*rgydmr'f8o'')  river.  3.  dropsy  Mng, 


4.  symb.  num.:  four.  —  rgya-yzi  W,  is 
stated  to  be  a  kind  of  yt&r-ma.  —  rgytk- 
z&r  Mil  =  zor  reaping-hook,  sickle.  —  rgya- 
yzib  Sch,  'a  large  net',  C,  a  large  rake, 
used  in  reaping.  —  rgya-yul  1.  a  large 
country  2.  China  Glr,  —  rgyd-f^a,  rgyd-ry^ 
occasionally  rgya  alone,  the  Saiga-antelope 
Sch,  —  rgya-ri  a  portion  of  meat,  (=  sder- 
gdn  a  plateful)  small  or  large,  Pth.,  W.  C\; 
it  also  denotes  a  measure  =  |  dum,  or  \ 
Urn.  —  rgya^rdg  beard  C,  —  rgya-ldb  talk, 
gossip.  —  rgya-ldm^  high-road,  high-way.  — 
rgya-sog  Chinese  paper.  —  rgya-s^  1.  gap, 
cleft,  fissure,  chasm,  in  rocks,  glaciers  etc, 
2.  a  dog  with  yellow  spots  about  the  nose 
Cs.  3.  Russia,  rgya-s^-pa  a  Russian;  d. 
rgya-gdr,  —  rgya-sog  1.  TF.  a  saw  2.  ScL: 
^a  Chuichui,  or  Chuichur,  an  infidel,  a 
Mahometan ;  also  Turkestan'.  —  rg^yc^-srdh 
the  open  street  (opp.  to  house)  Glr. 

gay^r  'f'ffydff-p^  another  form  for  rgydb- 
^sT'  pay  used  esp.  in  C,  to  throw,  cast, 
fling,  mda  rgydp-pa  to  shoot  arrows  Glr,; 
brdg-la  hi  rgydg-pai  ^ah  a  path  along 
a  precipice,  where  the  water  rushes  against 
the  rock,  i.e.  where  there  is  a  cataract 
Glr, ;  dg&n-pa  iig  rgydg-pa  to  found  a  mo- 
nastery (=  ^dibs'pa)  Georgi  Alph.  Tib.; 
*g64a  zmg  gyag*  C,  =  mgd-nad  ^debs. 
«y«|-  rgyags,  or  brgyags,  provisions,  victu- 
J  '  als,  food,  in  fiill;  ^fsd-bai  rgyagSy 
Jso-rgydgs;  lam-rgydgs  provisions  for  a 
journey;  dgun-rgydgs  pro  v.  for  the  winter; 
'^W^O^'Vy^y  provisions  of  meal  or  flour; 
rgyags-zm  merchandize  to  buy  or  barter 
victuals  with. 

jLqm-q-  rgydgs-pa  fat,  stout,  Schr,  also 
J^'         mighty,  powerful,  proud;  rgya^- 
priig  Pth,y  Schr,:  bastard-child. 
gLT-  rgyan  (so  pronounced  in  Bo/.)  instead 
^     of  gyaiiy  wall. 

ACQ'  ^W^'*'  '  ^^y  ^^^  (hyrkydn  -  ba,  Pth.: 
^  rgydn-nas  bzag  they  laid  him  down 

with  his  hands  and  feet  stretched  o«t 

giC'Sr  ''*9!/^^  '  "^"^  distance   l.  absolutely: 
^  rgydtiQ-ma)-nas  at  a  distance,  from 

afar,  e.g.  to  see,  to  call  to;  rgydn(;md) 


5^*^  /^^on-fetf 


107 


^q'  rgydb-pa 


-nas  grdgs-pa  ^S-ba  famous^  celebrated, 
from  afar  Mil.;  rgydn-du  Ids-pa  lingering 
far  behind  Sch, ;  rgyah  miff  mi  mfdn-mlcan 
W.  short-sighted;  rffyan  m^on  btdn^gin 
moying  forward  by  long  leaps;  rgydn^so 
^dzUgs^pa  to  look  over  Sch,^  (ought  per- 
haps to  be  spelled  rgyan-zo  one  looking, 
spying  into  a  distance);  rgyan-Ul  spy-glass, 
rgyan^srins-pa  lengthened  to  a  great  dis- 
tance Lex.'^  rgyan^pdny  rffyan -phi  n.  of  a 
philosophical  (atheistical  Cs,)  sect  in  an- 
cient India,  Tar,  22,  8:  Jig-rten-rffyan- 
pan.  —  2.  used  relatively:  rffyari-rih-po 
far,  rffyan-rin-por  son  he  went  far  away 
Mil.;  rffyan- fun 'ba  near;  rffyan-yrdys  the 
reach  of  hearing,  ear-shot,  (gen.  the  dis- 
tance at  which  the  sound  of  a  trumpet  may 
be  heard,  i.e.  about  500  fathoms;  however, 
as  this  number  is  much  in  favour  with  the 
Tibetans,  such  estimates  are  not  to  be  de- 
pended upon).  —  miff-rgydn  Glr.  distance 
of  sight,  i.e.  the  distance  at  which  a  man 
may  be  well  distinguished  from  a  woman, 
or  a  horse  from  an  ass;  —  rffydns  adv.  far, 
rgyans  bkyidrde  Mil.nt  moving  fer  away, 
e.  g.  in  order  to  increase  one's   distance 
from  an  unpleasant  neighbour  at  table). 
sfiC'^  rgryaw-fe^  n.  of  a  village  and  mo- 
"^         nastery  in  Tibet,  not  far  from  the 
frontier  of  Bhotan,  Kopp.  II.,  358. 
g^  rgyan  1. 1.  ornament,  decoration,  rgydn- 
^  ^  gyi»  brgydn-pa  decked  with  ornaments 
Dzl.;  rgyan-^dogs-pa  to  adorn  one's  self 
Mil.;  Ua-rgydn  an  ornament  at  the  moutb, 
edge,  or  brim  of  a  vessel,  e.g.  peacock's 
feathers    about  the  mouth  of  a  bum  -  pa 
(sacred  bottle),  flowers  in  a  glass  etc. ;  Ua- 
rgydn-tan  decorated  in  the  front-part,  eg. 
a  coat  trimmed  with  fur  of  different  co- 
lours, an  arrow  gaily  painted  at  its  notch- 
ed   end;    rgydn-mams    Dzl.   ornaments, 
rgydn-ia  id.;  rgyan^gda  Glr.  festival  gar- 
ment, beautiful  vesture;  dim-rgydn  an  or- 
nament of  the  head,  a  diadem.  —  2.  in 
relation  to  spiritual  things :  shns-kyi  rgyan 
something  good,  a  blessing,  for  the  heart 
Mil.;  rgydn-du  Jlar  it  proves  a  blessing, 
a  moral  advantage  or  benefit  MU. 


II.  1.  a  stake  or  pledge  at  play,  =  skugsy 
*gyan  tsug-de*  W.  to  bet,  to  wager,  e.g. 
a  rupee:  (also  rgyalf  Schr.).  —  2.  lot,  rgyan 
rgydb-pa  to  cast  lots,  without  religious  ce- 
remonies, whereas  rtags-ril  and  mo  are 
connected  with  such. 
^ELq-  rgyoby  resp.  sku-rgydb^  SsL  n  1.  tho 
^  back  of  the  body,  the  back  part  of  any 
thing;  rgydb-kyis pyogs-pa,  in  later  literature 
also  rgyab-pydgs-pa  Thgy,  to  turn  one's 
back  to  a  person  or  thing,  c.  fe,  also  fig. 
Dzl.;  rgydb-kyis  pyogs-par  by^d-pa  to  put 
to  flight;  rffyah  st6n-pa  to  turn  one's  back, 
to  turn  round  Glr.]  ryydb-tu  skyur-ba  to 
throw  to  the  back,  to  leave  behind,  to  give 
up,  to  quit,  frq.;  ryydb-tu  Jbdr-ba  id.;  ryyab 
brthirpa  to  lean  one's  back  against  or  upon, 
to  lean  or  rest  on,  to  rely  upon,  confide 
in  Mil.;  ryyab  byM-pa  to  protect  Sch.; 
rgydb-tu,  rgydb-na,  rgydb-la  behind,  behind 
hand;  after,  back;  ryyah-nas  from  behind; 
rffyab  mdtin  piyis-la  Glr.^  *ffy(ib  dun  dun- 
la*  col.  behind  and  before;  ti-sei  byan- 
rffydb-tu  sleb  fse  as  we  came  behind  to  the 
north-side  of  the  Tise  Mil. ;  rgydb-kyi  skyed- 
mo8-tsal-du  ysegs-ao  let  us  go  into  the  gar- 
den behind  us  Dzl. ;  rgyab^dzi  one  stand- 
ing behind  working  people,  in  order  to 
watch  and  superintend  them.  —  2.  as  much 
as  one  is  able  to  carry  on  his  back,  a  load, 
dreWgydb  ymm  three  mules'  loads  Glr. 

Comp.  bal-rgydb,  or  *rgyab-bdl*  W.  a 
fleece  of  wool.  —  rgyab-Udl  'a  back's  load', 
a  burden  carried  on  the  back  Sch.^  Schr. 
—  rgyab  -snds  a  cushion  or  pad  for  the 
back  C.  —  rgyab -rUn  something  to  lean 
against,  a  safe  retreat,  prop,  support  Mil.y 
rgydb-rten  by^d-pa  to  be  a  support  Mil.  — 
rgyab-rin  serpent,  snake  Sch.  —  *gyab-ldg 
jhe'-pa*  C  1.  to  turn  one's  back  2.  to  rebel, 
revolt;  *gyab-l6g  ddd-ce*  W.  to  sit  back- 
ward, with  the  back  in  advance.  —  rgyab- 
Ugs  the  back,  back-part,  reverse  of  a  thing, 
jtqw  rgydb-pa,  pf.  and  fut.  brgyab^  imp. 
^  r^oi,  to  throw,  to  fling,  aiming  at 
a  certain  point,  hence  to  hit,  also  to  beat 
with  a  stick,  ^  rduh-ba^  to  strike,  md-la 
mhc8  brgydb-nas  bsad  he  (the  male   bird) 


108 


^p|5I'cb'  rgyam-fsva 


killed  his  mate  by  a  stroke  of  his  bill 
Bhar,\  ^tsd-ge-la  gyob*  W,  throw  into  the 
centre!  hit  the  mark!  sdM-po-la  brffyab 
yog  (the  ray  of  light)  fell  upon  the  stem 
Glr.;  d^'la  cu  rgyob  sprinkle  this  with 
water!  i^A.;  pyugs  ndgS'Seb-tu  rgydb-pa 
to  let  the  cattle  run  into  the  wood;  ^zag- 
ddh  gyab'h*  W,  to  put  down  the  date, 
to  date;  *la  gyab-ce*  to  cross  a  mountain 
pass.  —  rgydb-pa  is  particularly  used  in 
W,  in  many  phrases,  whilst  in  C.  rgydg- 
pa,  and  m  B.  ^Ms-pa  are  more  in  use, 
as  may  be  seen  by  referring  to  the  several 
substantives,  e.g.  ^hidgydb-be*  W.  to  throw 
dung  upon  the  fields,  to  manure;  *par  gydb- 
pa*  C,  and  ^gydb-c^  W.,  to  print;  gydb- 
pa  stands  also  jdone,  elliptically :  *ka  gyab 
dug*  here  (is  printed)  the  letter  ka, 
g^'jt'  rgyam-fsva  Med,,  Cs.:  'a  kind  of 
^     ^  salt,  like  crystal'. 

rgyar  v.  rgya  2. 

rgyal  1.  victory,  in  certain  phrases: 
*gyalfdb'de^  W,  to  gain  the  victory, 
to  conquer,  overcome;  to  win  a  law-suit, 
opp.  to  *pam  pdg-ce*.  —  2.  Schr.  and  Sch, : 
rgyaWgydn  a  pledge,  a  stake,  rgyal  bUug- 
pa  to  bet,  wager,  gamble  Sch;  rgyal  biag- 
pa  to  contend  with  an  other  person  about  the 
first  place,  to  try  to  get  the  precedence  (?) 
Sch, ;  perh.  also  ornament,  v.  sub  rgdd^a  2. 
—  3.  fine,  penalty,  for  theft  C,  —  4.  n.  of 
two  lunar  mansions,  v.  sub  rgyu-skdr; 
rgydl-gyi  zld-ba,  skdr-ma  rgydl-la  bdb^ai 
nyin-par,  skdr-ma  rgyal  dun  ^dzom-par, 
dpyid-zla  rd-bai  skdr-nia  rgydl-gyi  nyin- 
par,,  are  dates  relating  to  them.  —  5.  for 
rgydl-po  and  rgydl-ba. 
AOr^'  ^'^3/a/-*a  I.  vb.  neut.  to  be  victorious, 
^  to  obtain  the  victory,  always  with 

the  sbst.  in  the  nom.  (not  instr.)  case, 
and  gen.  with  las,  over  or  against,  ndg-poi 
pydgs'las  over  the  powers  of  darkness, 
Jigs-por-las  over  fright,  fear;  aho  ^yul-lds 
in  battle;  prob.  also  fsod  Itd-ba-las  to  pass 
an  examination  successfully ;  but  also 
without  las,  rtsodrpa  (to  win)  in  a  contest 
Glr,'^  very  frq.  rgydUbar  ^yur-ba  id.;  na 


^'^*  rgydl-ba 

pdm  son  Uyod  gyal  son  I  have  lost,  thou 
hast  won  (also  in  business) ;  to  be  acquitted, 
to  gain  a  law-suit;  dmag-JcritgS'kyi  rgyal- 
pdm-gyi  ynas-fsul  Uol  send  (us)  news  con- 
cerning the  progress  of  the  war;  in  a 
similar  sense:  rgyal  pam  ci-ltar  byunB,; 
rgydl'bar  gyur-big,  rgydl-ba  dan  fse-rin- 
bar  hog  Hg  victory  and  long  life!    Dzl. 

II.  sbst.  1.  {Ssk.  ^ra)  the  act  of  con- 
quering, the  victory,  *(Ji  gydl-wa  fob*  C, 
this  bears  away  the  palm  or  prize,  this 
is  the  most  excellent  of  all.  —  2.  the  con- 
quering party  or  person,  he  that  prevails, 
the  conqueror  (opp.  to  pdm-pa  the  con- 
quered, vanquished).  Much  more  frq.: 
3.  the  most  high,  Buddha  {&sk.  f^),  rgydl- 
bai  sku  his  person,  rgydl-hai  bka,  his  word; 
rgyal  dan  de  »ras  (po.  instead  of  rgydlrba 
dan  dei  sras)  Buddha  and  his  children, 
his  disciples  Pth.  1,1;  rgydl-ba  gdn-ma 
the  highest  Buddha,  God,  Mil.  —  i.  rgyal- 
ba  rin-pO'ifS  His  Highness,  His  supreme 
Majesty,  title  of  the  Dalai  Lama. 

HI.  adj.  1.  conquering,  superior,  eminent, 
excellent,  mdm-par  rgydl'bai  Ican-bzans 
the  most  magnificent  palace  (of  Indra) 
Glr,  —  2.  W,  (gen.  pronounced  *gydlla*, 
in  Pur,  *rgydl-wa*)  good,  instead  of  bzm- 
po;  *gydl'la  ddd-^e*  or  *luS'de*  to  continue 
in  good  condition,  entire,  uninjured;  md 
gyalla  excellent!  capital! 

Comp.  and  deriv.,  belonging  partly  to 
rgydl'ba,  partly  to  rgydl-po:  *gyal'kdr* 
window  C.  —  "gydl-Ua,  Ua-gydl*  victory, 
gain,  advantage  W,  —  rgyal-Hdg  country, 
empire.  —  rgyal-Udms  1.  kingdom.  2.  realm, 
dominion  of  Buddha,  the  world.  —  rgyal- 
krid  Lid,  for  rgyaUs^Hd,  —  rgyal-Urims  v. 
Urims,  —  'rgyal-^dn  n.  of  a  demon  MiL  — 
rgyal-brgyud,,  and  rgyaWdbs  1.  succession 
of  kings  of  the  same  line  or  family,  dynasty 
Glr,  2.  a  single  generation  of  a  dynasty, 
rgyal'brgyud  Ind-bcu-na  in  the  fiftieth  degree 
(in  the  line  of  descent).  —  rgydl-sgo  prin- 
cipal door,  entrance-door,  gate  C.  —  rgyal- 
sgruns,  legend  of  the  kings,  esp.  that  of 
Gesar.  —  rgyal-c^  bhi  the  four  kings  of 
the  spirits  or  guardians  of  the  imiverse 


109 


a^r^  rgydl'ba 

(^^ig-rten-skydn  v.  skyon-ba)^  residing  just 
below  the  summit  of  Meru,  the  protectors 
of  the  gods  against  the  A  suras,  v.  Kopp,  I, 
250;  II,  261.  —  rgyal-stdd  lunar  mansion 
V.  rgyu-^dr.  —  rgydl-po  1.  king,  rgydl-fo 
cen^po  great  king,  emperor;  rgydl-por  Jug- 
pa,  bsko^a^  to  inaugurate  a  king,  to  raise 
to  the  royal  throne;  mt-la  rgydl-po  JcoU 
ba  id.  Pth,\  rgydl-po  byed-pa  to  act  the 
king,  to  be(a)  kin^;  na  rgydl-po  mi  ^dod 
I  do  not  wish  to  be  king  DzL ;  rgydl-po 
7ni  idb-na  if  I  do  not  obtain  royalty  DzL\ 
7ias  ni  rgydl-po  mi  rnus-so  I  cannot  be  king 
DzL  The  word  is  also  used  for :  govemment- 
aathorities,  police  etc.;  rgydl^pd  cdd-pa 
public  punishment,  rgydl-pos  yadd^a  to  be 
publicly  executed.  (As  a  characteristic  sign 
of  Asiatic  views  it  seems  worth  mentioning, 
that  the  rgyaUpo  is  usually  spoken  of  much 
in  the  same  maimer,  as  robbers,  confla- 
grations etc.  are,  i.e.  as  a  kind  of  calamity 
against  which  protection  is  to  be  sought, 
esp.  by  charms  and  spells,  cf.  Jigs-pa), 
2.  a  local  god,  ^ro-tdh  rgydl-po  the  Dewa 
of  Dotan  Mil,  3.  fig.  something  excellent, 
superior  in  its  kind;  not  only  as  with  us 
the  word  is  applied  to  the  lion,  as  the 
king  of  animals,  but  also  to  distinguished 
flowers:  the  Udumbara  (Ficus  glomerata), 
to  mountains,  Meru  and  others;  and  col. 
ffans-rgydl  a  large  glacier,  bt'og-rgydl  a 
huge  rock,  rnidn-lam-gyi  rgydl-po  a  very 
comprehensive  prayer,  the  bzan-spydd  Glr, 
4.  symb.  num.:  16.  —  rgyal-pt'dn  vassal 
or  feudatory  prince.  —  rgydl-bu  prince.  — 
rgyal-bldn  king  and  ministers,  council  of 
state.  —  rgydl-mo  1.  queen.  2.  pupil  of 
the  eye,  together  with  the  iris ;  rgydl-moi 
mdans  nyam»  the  brightness  of  the  eye- 
ball disappears  Med.  3.  like  rgydl-po  3, 
e.g.  a  charm  of  particular  power.  —  rgyal- 
smdd  lunar  mansion,  v.  rgyu-skdr,  —  rgyal- 
fydb  (for  rgyal-poi  fsab)  \ .  vice-roy,  regent. 
Such  a  vice-roy  under  Chinese  supremacy 
is  now  the  king  of  Tibet,  who  about  a 
century  ago  was  still  an  independent  ruler. 
2.  successor  of  a  king.  3.  (for  rgydl-bai 
tisab)  Maitreya,  the  future  Buddha.  —  rgyal- 


*^^  rgyds^a 


mfsdn  sign  of  victory,  trophy,  a  kind  of 
decoration  of  cloth,  of  a  cylindrical  shape, 
erected  upon  a  flag-staflF,  or  carried  on  a 
pole.  —  rgyal-rdbs  1.  =  rgyal-brgyud,  2. 
history,  annals,  of  the  kings,  title  of  several 
books.  —  rgyal-ngs  1.  the  royal  family, 
house,  lineage,  2.  warrior-caste  ^^.  —  rgydl- 
sa  1.  a  king's  or  prince's  residence,  city 
where  a  court  is  held,  and  hence  often 
capital,  metropolis.  2.  col.,  esp.  in  W,: 
town.  3.  throne  fig.;  rgydl-mr  yhegs-pa 
to  ascend  the  throne,  rgyalsa  bziih-ba  to 
occupy  the  throne,  rgydl-sar  bskd-ba  to 
raise  to  the  throne,  rgyal-sa  J>rog-pa  to 
usurp  the  throne;  ^di-nas  rgydl-sa  rgyai 
min  rgydl-po-la  ^or  from  him  the  dominion 
passed  over  to  the  Chinese  Ming-dynasty 
Glr,  —  rgyalsrds  1.  prince.  2.  son  Of  Buddha, 
a  saint;  sn6n-gyi  rgyal-»rd$  saints  of  the 
olden  time,  of  past  ages.  —  rgyal-»nd 
1.  government,  reign,  rgyalsrid  bzun-ba  to 
enter  upon  the  reign,  to  take  possession 
of  the  throne.  2.  rgyal  -  srid  sua  -  bdun 
the  seven  jewels  of  royal  government,  v. 
rin-^^, 

*2Sf  Cf  r^rf«-pa  (prop.  pf.  to  rgyd-ba)  1.  vb. 
^  to  increase  in  bulk  or  quantity,  to 
augment,  to  spread,  bd-yi  nu  Itar  rgyas  (the 
swollen  uvula)  gets  as  big  as  a  cow's  dug 
(these  are  in  Tibet  particularly  small)  L^.; 
^a-fsdn  rgyds-pa  ^dra  like  an  expanded 
rainbow  Glr, ;  bstdn-pa  rgyds-Un  the  doctrine 
gaining  ground,  spreading  Glr,\  to  grow, 
develop  itself,  of  blossoms  frq.,  of  the 
body  etc.  —  2.  adj.  extensive,  large,  ample, 
wide;  copious,  plentiful,  manifold,  numerous; 
rich  in,  abounding  in;  great  in,  strong  in 
cca.;  detailed,  complete,  full;  esp.  adv. 
rgyds-par  (col.  *gyds-pay  gy^a*\  rgyds- 
par  hes  jdM-na^  often  also  rgyds-par  ^dod- 
na  if  you  wish  to  know  it  fully,  to  hear 
it  in  detail;  ^tsdn-ma  gyds-pa  z^-na*  W. 
if  all  the  particulars  are  to  be  told;  rgyds- 
par  by4d-pa  1 .  to  make  bigger,  to  augment, 
to  increase,  to  bestow  or  confer  plentifully, 
mi-la  on  a  person  Glr,  2.  to  describe,  narrate, 
state  at  large,  in  detail  frq.;  don  rgyds-par 
byed-pa   to  be   very  useful,    to  exert  a 


110 


^rffxfu 


beneficial  inflnence,  la  on,  Glr,  —  zlorha 
rgyds-pa  full  moon  Pth,;  nya-^^gyds  zlorba 
id.  —  rgydS'pai  fsd-ba^  rgyas-tsad  n.  of 
a  disease  3/erf.  —  zi^gyds  etc.  v.  gliii^  and 
hi'ba. 

^«  rgyu  Ssk.  '^H  I- 1-  matter,  substance,  ma- 
^  terial^  rgyu  hel-las  crystal  being  the 
material;  Mn-rgyu  ingredients  for  making 
beer,  i.e.  barley,  barm  etc.;  rgyu  dgi-ba 
bsdgs-pas  fdb-pa  yin  (the  human  body)  is 
a  substance  obtained  by  accumulating  virtue 
Thgy,;7id'ladgdS'rgyu  cun  I  have  few  wants 
Mil.'^  also  for  substance  in  an  emphatical 
sense,  =  nervus  rerum ,  money  Mil, ;  bzd- 
rgyu  matter  or  substance  of  which  any 
thing  is  made  or  manufactured,  material 
Glr, ;  zd-rgyu  med  we  have  nothing  to  eat 
Glr.\  hence  opportunity ,  chance,  possibility, 
dd'ltar  rgyu  iig  sudh-iio  an  opportunity 
offers  now  Dzl ;  arrangements,  preparation, 
^Jid-gyu  )M'pa*  C.  to  make  preparations 
for  a  journey.  In  a  special  sense:  material, 
stuff  for  weaving,  warp,  chain.  —  2.  cause, 
reason,  motive,  main  condition,  Tnya-ndn- 
las  ^ddsf'pai  rgyur  ^yur  it  becomes  the 
cause  of  Nirwana,  i.e.  it  leads  to  Nirwana 
DzL\  in  elliptical  speech:  Uia  dan  mii 
rgyur  gyur-pai  dg^-ba  the  virtue  that  leads 
to  (the  re -birth  amongst)  gods  or  men 
DzL  ©V,  17  (Sch,  incorr.);  in  the  same 
manner  wdw-80w  rgyu-ru^^gro;  rgyus  c.  genit. 
by  reason  of,  on  account  of,  in  consequence 
of  Tar,;  &*  rgyus  why  Stg,]  rgyu  mM-dUy 
med-^ar  without  the  impulse  of  a  foreign 
cause,  spontaneously;  without  sufficient 
reason,  without  good  cause,  the  Latin  ^^ler^; 
rgyu  dan  rkyen  Cs,  and  Sch,  'cause  and 
effect',  more  correctly  (cf.  rkyen) :  primary 
and  secondary  cause,  which,  certainly, 
sometimes  coincides  with  ^origin  and  further 
development',  and  so,  too,  wdth  'cause  and 
effect';  rgyu  dan  rkyen  dei  pyir^  del  rgyu 
del  rkyin-gyisy  dei  rdyu-rkyhiy  therefore, 
on  that  account;  in  Med,:  nyi-bai  rgyu  the 
three  anthropological  causes  or  conditions 
of  diseases,  the  three  'humours',  air,  bile, 
and  phlegm;  rih-bai  rgyu  the  ultimate 
cause  of  diseases,  and  of  every  evil,  viz. 


ignorance  (ma-rig^pa^  v.  rig -pa) '^  skyM- 
byed  rgyu  the  creative  cause  Zam.\  jpel- 
bai  rgyu  ni  If^a  the  main  condition,  the 
efficient  cause,  of  growth  is  the  navel-string 
Med.;  rgyu  bySd-pa  to  be  the  principal 
cause  of,  to  lie  at  the  bottom  of  a  matter 
MU,;  rgyu  skySd-pa  to  lay  the  foundation 
of  Dzl.  —  3.  after  verbal  roots  rgyu  implies 
necessity,  like  our  I  am  to,  I  have  to,  I  am 
obliged  to,  I  ought  to;  in  later  literature, 
as  well  as  in  the  present  col.  language  of 
C,  it  indicates  the  fut.  tense:  ^ds-skar  yyd»- 
nas  byid-rgyu'la  whereas  the  holy  dr- 
cnmabulation  (v.  skor-bal^  2)  ought  to 
be  performed  from  the  right  (to  the  left) 
Mil,;  sddh-^gra  ydl-rgyu-la  as  the  enemy 
must  vanish,  or:  is  sure  to  come  to  an 
end  Mil,;  *soUc6g  taUdig  jhd-^yu  yin^nam* 
C  am  I  to  lay  the  cloth?  *dhd'ta  td-ca 
zd'la  ^dd-gyu  yin*  C.  now  I  will  go  and 
dine;  nai  drun-du  Jm-^^gyu  yin-pa  those 
that  intended  to  come  to  me  (the  Latin 
'venturi')  Glr,;  dd4a  rgyal-srid  yfddr-rgyu- 
la  when  the  government  was  to  be  con- 
ferred upon  him,  when  he  was  to  enter 
upon  his  reign  Glr,;  rta  hdn^rgyu  med 
(riding-)  horses  were  not  to  be  had  Ghr, 
—  When  appended  to  adjectives,  it  is  a 
mere  pleonastical  addition:  dkdn-rgyu  med 
that  is  not  a  very  precious  thing,  there 
is  nothing  particular  in  that  Mil.;  atn- 
rgyui  Uta-Kdn  a  very  small  temple  Jfi/.; 
yidn^pas  Ugs-rgyu  med  he  is  not  more 
beautiful  than  others  Glr, ;  yor-m^sdn-rgyu- 
med  that  is  not  to  be  wondered  at;  ^gg- 
gyu  m^n*  C,  that  is  useless. 

Comp.  rgyu-rkyhi  (v.  above  sub  no.  2) 
connection,  meaning,  signification,  rgyfi- 
rkyen  bsad^du  ysol  please  explain  to  me 
the  connection,  which  is  often  used  in  a 
general  sense  &=  what  does  that  mean? 
what  is  that?  Glr,,  but  also  in  a  special 
sense  relative  to  law-suits:  ^Uyg-kyi  gyti- 
kyen  hii-la  jdo*  C.  I  am  going  to  tell  what 
it  is  with  you,  i.e.  I  shall  inform  against 
you,  bring  an  action  against  you.  —  rgyu- 
M  col.  that  which  belongs  to  a  thing,  an 
appurtenance,  necessary  implement  etc.  — 


A'Sy  rgyiir-ba 

rgyurjn^ds  cause  and  effect  or  consequence, 
gen.  in  a  moral  sense:  actions  and  their 
fraits  {ld8'hfirgyy^Jbrd£)\  also  the  doctrine 
treating  on  this  subject,  the  doctrine  of  re- 
tribution, the  principal  dogma  of  Buddhism, 
prop. :  las-rgyu-Jbrds-kyi  ?os ;  la^-rgifW'Jyrdji- 
la  yid-^es'pa  to  believe  in  the  doctrine 
of  retribution  Glr,  —  rgyu  -  mfsdn  (Ssk. 
fiffinT)  1-  cause,  rgyu-mfsdn  ^dri-ba  to 
ask  after  the  cause  Glr.;  rgyu-mfsdn  hh- 
rgyus  Jbri^ba  to  question  closely,  to  examine 
rigorously  M7.;  the  connection  of  events, 
the  manner  in  which  a  thing  has  come 
to  pass,  nai  ndn-nas  pye  Icy^-bai  rgyv/- 
mUdn  sod  tell  me  how  it  was  that  you 
could  fetch  the  flour  from  my  house,  how 
you  were  able  to  accomplish  it  Mil,  nt 
2.  token,  sign,  characteristic,  proof,  evidence, 
^dug-pai  rgyu-misdn  as  an  evidence  of 
being . . .  Glr, 

IL  instead  of  rgyu-^ma, 
A'q*  rgyu'ba  to  go,  wallc,  move,  wander, 
^  range,  of  men,  animals,  and  fig.  of 
lifeless  things,  cu-la  rgyu^bai  ^dab-cdgs 
birds  firequenting  the  water;  kun-tu  rgyu-^ 
ba  to  wander  from  one  place  to  another, 
hence:  kun^tu-rgyu  itinerant  monk,  n.  of 
a  sect  of  the  Brahmans  Dzl, ;  rlun  rgyu- 
bai  rtsa  those  veins  in  which  air  is  cir- 
culating, cf.  rtsa  and  rlun;  also  c.  accus.: 
iful,  or  ffron  rgyu-ba  to  rove  through  coun- 
tries, through  villages;  rgyu-^rdny  btsdn- 
gyi  rgtfU'Srdn  the  road  that  is  frequented 
by  the  btsan  (a  kind  of  demons).  —  rgyu" 
sidr  V.  below. 

A^  rgyu-ma  1.  entrails,  intestines,  bowels, 
^  esp.  the  small  intestines,  opp.  to  Ion- 
ka  the  large  intestines;  rgyu  Jiril-ba  con- 
whfdus  infestinorum  Sch,  (?) ;  rgyu  Jirdg- 
pa  the  croaking  of  the  bowels  Sch.;  r^gj/u- 
sgrog  the  caul,  covering  the  lower  intestines ; 
rggU'Stod  the  upper  bowels,  rgyu-smdd 
the  lower  bowels  Cs, ;  rgyttr^ndd  disease  of 
the  bowds;  rgyu-yzer  colic.  —  2.  sausage, 
*ff}f*t^^fna  gydn-^joa*  C,  (v.  8gy6n'bd)y  ^kdn- 
c^  W.  to  stuff  sausages;  ^gyu-ma  kar- 
gydh*  meat-sausage,  meat-pudding,  *gyu' 
yna  nag-gydn*  black-pudding  C. 


^  rgyud 


VI 


rv^x^rgyu'skdr  the  lunar  mansions,  Ssk, 
^     "^^,  or  those  'constellations'  through 


which  the  moon  'passes'  in  her  revolution 
round  the  heavens;  ace.  to  Wdk,  and  others 
they  are  the  following:  ofa-skar  (jBbhodbgug- 
gu)  three  stars  in  the  Ram's  head;  ^  bra- 
nye  (conceived  by  the  Brahmans  to  be 
the  image  of  the  yon{)\  ^  miin^drugy  the 
Pleiades;  ^  be-rdzi,  snar-nia;  ^  mgOy  smal- 
po;  V  lag;  >S  nabs-so,  rgyal-stody  nam-so; 
V  rgyaUsmad;  Hskag,  wa;  Qmhi,  rta-pa, 
rta-lSen  (with  Regulus  its  brightest  star); 
7^  grSy  rtaUy  rta-iun;  97  dbo^  Ura;  9^  me- 
bli,  bya^ma;  9^  nag-pa^  byau  (with  Spica); 
9^  sa-ri;  9^  sa-ga;  9S  Iha-mtsarmy  lag- 
9V  snron,   Ideu  (with  Antares);  9L 


sor 


snrubsy  sog-pa:  9Q  cur-stod;  ^  cu-87nad,pul; 
:^9  gro'biin  and  byi-bHn  (considered  as 
one  constellation);  ^^Trum-gre^  rrum-dre; 
^7non-'grUySgrog;^^Ihni7nS'-8tod;^/cru7ns- 
smad;  ^vS  narn-gruy  he-^a. 
fficrrq-  rgyug-pa,  pf.  brgyug^,  fut.  brgyu^ 
^  '      1.  to  run,  frq.;  to  make  haste,  to 
hurry,  to  rush,  sgor  to  the  door  (out  of 
the  room)  Dzl,  , , .  kyi  fdg-tu  upon  . . .  Dzl. ; 
*hd-la  gyttg*  be  off!  get  jou  gone!   C.  1. 
to  start  (of  a  rail-way  train)  W. ;  rta-rgyug- 
pa  to  ride  full  speed,  to  gallop;  also  sbst. 
race  Glr,  —  2.  to  go,  to  pass,  to  circulate, 
to  be  current;  to  be  valid,  to  have  force. 
«TOJ'  ^9y^^  J^*^'  5  ^^'  •  ^i^^  term,  aim, 
^'      end;  W.:  task,  lesson. 
Mmv^r  "^ffy^s^'P^  pride,  ambition  Sch,; 
^^        grief,  sorrow /S<?An(?). 
-— .— .  r^j/ti^-ia  the  nerves,  sinews /ScA.; 
^  cf.  brgyuns-pa, 

rgyud  1.  Ssk.  Tpff,  'jfifft  string,  cord, 
but  only  in  certain  relations:  the  string 
of  a  bow ;  rgycnrgyud  Chinese  string  Mil. ; 
string,  chord,  of  a  musical  instrument, 
rgyud-mdns  harp;  chain,  v.  lu-gu;  mostly 
fig.:  W-r^^tirf,^aw«-rp^ywdchain  of  mountains, 
ridge  of  snowy  hills;  also  thread  of  tra- 
dition, i.e.  continuous,  uninterrupted  tra- 
dition, so  in:  Ha -rgyud,  dgom^gyud,  cos- 
rgyud y  bka -rgyud  (v.  bka,  compounds); 
8nyan-rgyud=bka-^gyud^  frq.  in  Mil, ;  ytam- 
rgyud  Zam.  legendary  tradition.  —  If  used 


112 


^'Cf  rgyud^pa 


for  expressing  a  succession  of  generations 
or  families,  the  word  is  gen.  written  brgyud^ 
rarely  rgyud^  e.g.  rje-btsun  shb-rgyiid  dan 
bcas'te  his  reverence  (the  venerable  divine) 
with  his  race  of  scholars,  in  as  much  as 
the  disciples  of  a  saint  are  frequently  called 
his  spiritual  children  Mil.  —  2.  treatise, 
dissertation,  Ssk.  tj jfi,  also  rgud-sde^  esp.  the 
necromantic  books  of  the  mysticism  of 
later  times  Was.  (184),  in  four  classes,  the 
so-called  four  classes  of  Tantras  (rgyud^ 
sde  bzi):  bi/d-bai  rgifud,  spyddrpai  rgyudy 
imal-Jbyor  rgyud,  i-nal-J^yoi"  bla-na-med- 
pai  rgyud;  yet  rggud  bzi  is  also  the  short 
title  of  a  medical  work  consisting  of  four 
parts :  rtsd-bai  rgyud,  bhdd-pai  rgyud,  vian- 
nag  rgyud,  pyi-rnai  rgyud.  —  3.  connection, 
relation,  reference,  e.g.  of  a  word.(?)  — 
i.  character,  disposition  of  mind,  natural 
quality;  heart,  soul;  rgyud  bzdn^o&  good 
disposition,  rgyud  ndn^a  a  bad  disposition ; 
rgyud  li-ba  a  mild  disposition,  good  nature, 
rgytcd  ^dm-pa  a  soft  temperament  Cs.; 
rgyud  ma -- rum -pa  a  wicked  character 
Thgy.;  sem-gyu  6'.,  se-gyu  ('.,  Mil,  prob. 
also  tng-rgyud  Mil.,  character;  rah-rgyud 
nan-pat  ^gdn^o  ful  restrain  the  demon  of 
your  own  wicked  heart  Mil. ;  of  thoughts, 
feelings,  passions,  also  of  a  tin-ne-dzin  is 
said:  rgyud-la  shye  they  arise  in  the  soul; 
rgyud  smin  the  mind  ripens  Mil.;  in  some 
phrases  and  passages  it  designates  a  man^s 
whole  personality:  rdn-gi  rgud  fog-tu  ten- 
pa  to  take  (other  people's)  sufferings  al- 
together upon  one's  own  person  (not  merely 
to  heart)  Glr.;  ran-rgyud-la  brtdg-pa,  yban^ 
rgyud'la  sbydr-ba  to  think  a  matter  through 
in  one's  own  mind,  to  draw  conclusions 
from  an  attentive  observation  of  others, 
Thgy.  —  Concerning  ran-rgytid,  ^mAyzan- 
rgyitd  (^^nT^  &  TT^Tf^Sf)  in  the  more  recent 
philosophical  writings,  andinmedical  works, 
v.  Was.  —  rgyud- cdgs  Tar.  15, 14,  ace.  to 
Schf.  sentence,  thesis,  point.  —  don-rgyud, 
sgi'ub^rgyud  Mil.  ? 

S^'V  '^W^^'P^  I.  vb .,  pf .  brgyus  an d  brgyud, 
^  '  fut.  brgyu,  imp.  rgyud,  1.  to  fasten 
or  file  on  a  string,  to  string,  fd-gvAa  hrgyus- 


rgyun 


pa  strung,  filed  on  a  string  Stg. ;  ys^-nyag- 
fag  yyu  brgyits-pa  a  gold  chain  with  tur- 
quoises inserted  Mil.  —  2.  to  pass  through 
or  over,  to  traverse  (later  literature  and 
col.)  milage  rgyud-nas  ^on  famine  passes 
over,  prevails  in  the  country  Ma.-,  *ndn' 
na  nan  gyiid-de  dvl*  W.  be  passes  from 
one  room  to  the  other,  he  visits  room  after 
room;  *nyiih-ti-ne  cfyud-na  gdr-la  fan*  W. 
he  is  passing  through  Kullu  to  Gar;  lag- 
^rivi-gyis  brgyus -pas  v.  ogrirn;  yi^-ndr 
brgyud-pa  an  error  in  writing  has  crept 
in  Tar.;  stdn-pa  ysum  ras-cun-pa  brgyudr- 
nas  zer  the  three  teachers,  using  Ras-iun- 
pa  ^  B,  go-between,  said  . . . ,  —  they  sent 
word  by  Ras-cun-pa  to  this  effect  Mil. 

II.  sbst.  and  adj.  1.  prop,  a  participle 
used  a.  actively;  rgyud-^a  (or  brgyudrpa) 
one  that  is  transmitting  knowledge,  a 
teacher;  rgyud-pa  bzdn-poi  byin-rlabs-^an 
one  that  enjoys  the  blessing  of  having  an 
excellent  spiritual  teacher  Mil. ;  nai  rgyikdr- 
pa  rdo-rye-^can-cen  yin  Mil.  (in  this  in- 
stance it  would  be  justifiable  to  write  brgyud- 
pa,  and,  regarding  this  as  a  derivative  of 
brgyud,  to  translate  it  with  ^ancestor').  — 
b.  used  passively:  rdo-rye-JSan-nas  nyams- 
rtdgs  rgyud-pa  de  nd-ro  lags  he  to  whom 
knowledge  was  communicated  by  Dor^e- 
can  is  Naro  Mil.;  nd-ro  ^en-poi  rgyud-pa 
a  scholar  of  greatiVaro  Mil.  —  2.  a  derivative 
of  rgyud  2.,  a  Tantrika,  a  mystic. 
jLr-^«f-  rgyud-ris  a  term  used  in  architec- 
^^         ture,  wall,  panel  (?). 

g^'Sjc^'  rgyud-ldri  bolt,  door-bar  Sch. 

rgyun,  Ssk.  ^\^^^  a  continual  flowing, 
the  flow,  current  or  stream  (seldom  river; 
perh.  smig-^yyui  rgyun  Lex.  a  river  seen 
by  a  mirage  or  fata  morgana (?);  gdn-gai 
rgyun  the  river  Ganges);  cu-rgyun-gyis 
Jky^-ba  to  be  carried  away  by  the  current; 
rgyun^du  zugs-pa  v.  Jyrds-bu  bzi;  frq.  fig. 
fugS'/yei  rgyun  stream  of  grace  Glr.,  and 
sim.  in  some  compounds;  of  ten  in  reference 
to  time,  hence  rgyun-du  continually,  per- 
petually, always,  dus-rgyiin-du  id.;  *dlm- 
gyun  ta-bhu  jM  hig*  C.  make  it  as  usual! 


113 


^^  ri 


'9yu8 


^'  sffan 


snar-gyi  rgyun  all  the  time  before,  opp. 
to  da-ltar  now;  also  for  ordinarily,  predo- 
minailtly,  e.g.  ordinarily  it  is  white,  only 
by  way  of  exception  it  is  of  another  colour; 
Kor^yun  =  ka-rgyud  tradition ;  rgyun-^os 
an  every  day  coat,  opp.  to  yzdb^os ;  rgyun- 
^dgy  and  more  frq.  rgyun^fdd  an  inter- 
nption  of  flowing,  of  progress,  hence  rgyuiv- 
iSadrindd-pary  or  rgyun-mi^cdd-par  uninter- 
ruptedly; rgyun-zdsdidiy  food]  rgyun-rin-ba 
lasting,  of  long  continuance;  rgyun -lam 
an  endless,  interminable  way,  to  be  pur- 
sued again  and  again,  e.g.  ^^yr-Aai  of  trans- 
migration, byan-'Sitb^kyi  of  virtue,  holiness 
NiL 

rrgyus  1.  v.  rgyu.  —  2.  (Cs.  rgyiis- 
ma)  notice,  intelligence,  knowledge,  nd- 
la  de-i  gyu8  yod  I  am  acquainted  with  it, 
1  know  the  thing,  I  am  up  to  it,  frq.;  W.: 
^gyus  ydd'Uan*  one  that  knows  about  it; 
*^yM5  yddrpai  lam*  a  well-known  road ;  ca- 
Tndd  yuUdu  rgyus-m^d  Jh/am  as  a  stranger 
1  am  rambling  through  a  foreign  country 
Glr.\  h-rgyus  1.  annate,  chronicle,  2.  in  a 
general  sense  history,  story,  tale,  narrative, 
l(Mrgyu%  biddrpa  to  relate  a  story  Glr.,  *nd- 
la  lo-gy&s  sdd-^e  mdn-po  yod*  W.  I  have 
mach  to  relate,  to  tell;  lo^rgyus  ^b-tu  ^dri- 
ba  to  ask  closely,  to  inquire  minutely  into 
a  story  i/f7.;  gdn-gi  lo-rgyus  bhdd-do  he 
reported  what  was  related  above  Pth, ;  also 
used  of  any  short  notice  or  intelligence, 
without  reference  to  things  past:  der  Jby&n- 
pat  IcMrgyus  ymim  he  mentioned  that  he 
was  going  there  MU. 

r^  rgyuji-pa  the  fine  threads  or  fibres 
of  which  animal  muscle,  plants  etc. 
are  composed ;  rgyiis-pa^han  fibrous ;  rgyus- 
skud  catgut. 

^q-  ^^o-*«j  pf-  l^ffyos,  fut.  brgyoy  imp. 
^  rgyoty  to  unite  in  sexual  embrace. 
This  word  is  an  undisguised,  and  therefore 
somewhat  obscene  expression,  which  in 
books  and  in  col.  language  is  avoided, 
though  referring  to  an  act  not  criminal  in 
itself^  as  C%.  seems  to  have  understood  it, 
when  he  translates  rgyo^ba  by:  to  abuse, 
constnprate,  ravish;  hence  it  is  allowable. 


yet  vulgar,  to  say:  ^^d-pa  dan  'd-ma  gyd- 
wa  jhe^*  C. 

Tf^'O' rgydn-ba,  pf.  brgyam,  fut.  brgyan^ 
^  seems  to  be  a  secondary  form  of 
rkydit'ba,  to  extend,  stretch,  spread  (vb.  a.); 
the  word  is  to  be  found  in  Lexa;,^  but  seems 
to  be  little  used ;  brgydm-pai  md-fsa  Pth. 
a  disease  consisting  in  some  parts  of  the 
body  being  morbidly  distended  (?). 

g^n'n*  rgydb-pa  Cs,,  a  secondary  form  of 
^  rgydb-pa,  prob.  but  a  provincialism. 

gj-  Iga,  also  sga,  Wf^X  OinO®**  (fresh  or 

^    dried);  Iga-rlon  fresh  ginger. 

Qjr-P'  Igan-ni  Pth,:  skya-lgan-n^,  is  stated 

^         to  mean:  perfectly  white. 

nsT'cv  Ig^n-pa,  Igan-pug  urinary  bladder 

^    ^.Med, 

gp'^  Igdn-bu,  =  gdn-bu,  husk,  pod.  Shell. 
gj^'Tj^^'  Igau-yh^r  Cs.  «=  Iga-rlon. 

§}'  Igo  Cs.  =  pa-ba-dgo-dgd  puff-ball. 

q^xr^'  Igydm-fswa  =  rgydm-fsa  Zam.,  a 
2!  ^  kind  of  rock-salt 
R|-  sga  1.  gen.  Ibd-sga,  bba-sga,  ginger,  = 
^  Iga;  sga-skyd  Lt  id.  (?);  sgd-pt-po  Lt, 
prob.  for  sga  dan  pi-pi-lin  dan  pd-ba-ri 
ginger  and  two  kinds  of  black  pepper;  sga- 
spydd  Sch,  =  sga- sky d.  —  2.  saddle,  rtor 
sga  (Ld.  *stdsga*)  horse-saddle;  sga  bstdd- 
pa,  resp.  cibs-sga  bstdd-pa  Glr.,  to  lay  the 
saddle  on,  to  saddle;  sga-KSs  saddle-cloth, 
Sch,:  the  leather  cover  or  coating  of  a 
saddle;  sga-gld  saddle-girth  W.,  C;  sga- 
Idg  Cs. :  frame  of  the  saddle ;  saddle-bow, 
saddle-tree;  sga-hd  straps  for  fastening  the 
travelling  -  baggage  to  the  saddle,  cf.  ^a- 
stdg  2. 

^^'  sga-pdh  bat,  flitter-mouse  Sch. 

«yr*  ^^^^  1*  &  projecting  hill  or  spur,  on 
^^  the  side  of  a  larger  mountain;  sgan- 
ysdh  elevations  and  depressions  on  a  hill- 
side, in  Kun.  sgarl-Hul;  sgdn-Ua-la  yod  (the 
village)  is  situated  on  a  mountain- spur; 
*sgan  gydb-na*  W.  when  you  have  passed 
round  the  extremity  of  the  hill.  —  2.  cu- 

8 


lU 


gjC'q*  sgan-ba 


? 


sgo 


sgdn  a  blister,  caused  by  vesicatories,  by 
loDg  marches  etc.,  C,  Wr^  cf.  bsgan, 
jaC'n'  sgan-ba y  pf.  bsga/ts,  fut.  bsgan ,  tO 
^  grow  or  become  full  6'«.,-  bud-m^d 
ndso^sgan  a  marrigeable  girl, 
■wq-q-  sgab'pa,  secondary  form  of  ogebs- 
^  jt>a,  byd-mas  bu-la  sgab-pa  the  cov- 

ering of  a  young  bird  by  its  mother  Glr. ; 
gos'sgdb  Lea^.y  skirt  or  lap  of  a  coat,  sgab- 
fun  a  short  skirt. 

Rm«  sgavi  chest,  box,  trunk;  sgam-cuh  a 
^  little  chest  or  box;  sgamr-bu  id. ;  sgavi- 
sgo-mdiis  a  chest  of  drawers,  cabinet  C; 
sin-sgam  a  wooden  chest,  Udgs-sgam  an 
iron  chest;  kd-sgam  a  leather  trunk;  ro- 
sgam,  resp.  sptir  -  s^am  coffin  Cs.  —  syn. 

gOT-q*  sgdni-pa,  or  sgdm-po  Cs.  deep,  pro- 
^^  found,  ScA.  also  prudent,  quiet;  Leoj,  dubious. 
bh-sgam  w.e.  Only  the  following  phrase 
came  under  my  notice:  fugs  htn-tu  sgdmr- 
mo  he  (the  prince)  is  very  clever  (as  a 
legendary  explanation  and  confirmation  of 
the  name  sron-btsan-sgdmr^o).  Prob.  ob- 
solete. 
MX'  sg<^^*  camp,  encampment,  dmag-sgdr  a 


Sprq^  ^^'P^y  pf-  bsgugs,  fut.  bsgug,  imp. 
^  '  sgug(s\  to  wait,  zld-ba  ydig  sgug- 
pa  to  wait  for  a  month  Glr.;  to  await,  to 
expect,  ^dt-ba  death  Mil.;  Idm-na  sgitg^a 
to  wait  on  the  rood  MU.\  sgug-bin  sdddr 
pa  J  W.:  ^giig-te  dddrh^  to  sit  waiting;  *'i- 
m  giig-te  ddd^  W.  wait  here!  sgug-tu  Jug- 
pa  to  keep  one  waiting  Glr. ;  to  lie  in  wait 
(for  a  person),  to  waylay;  )dg'pas  sgug-ptd 
sa  a  place  where  robbers  are  lying  in  am- 
bush Mil. ;  *Uon  gitg-te  dddrce*  W.  to  bear 
a  grudge,  to  have  a  spite  against  a  person. 
n^^j  sgun  Ld.  clap,  crack,  crash,  report  (of 
5  a  gun). 
^^^  sgud-po  father-in-law,  sgud-mo 
!  '       mother-in-law  Sch.  prov. 

sgum-mda  Schr,  butt -end  of  a 
gun,  gun-stock  C,  W.;  speUing 


s 
^f^ 


military  camp,  sgar  ^d^bs-pa  to  pitch 
a  camp;  sgar-min  C.  watch-word,  parole, 
=  bso^grd. 

fupi-  sgal  load  of  a  beast  of  burden,  rta^ 
^  sgal  a  horse-load,  hin-rtai  sgal  a  cart- 
load, waggon-load  Cs. ;  sgal  ^d-ba  to  put 
on  a  load,  ^drir-ba  to  throw  it  off,  J)6gS' 
pa  to  take  it  off,  sgal  bsrau-ba  to  adjust 
or  balance  it;  sgdl-rta  pack-horse,  sgal- 
pyugs  beast  of  burden. 
FjQj'n'  sgdl'pa  1 .  the  small  of  the  back,  sgdl-- 
^  *  ^dais  the  lumbar  region  Med.  —  2 
the  croup,  crupper,  back  of  a  horse  Glr.; 
*gdl'pa  ton  dug*  W.  the  back  comes  out, 
i.e.  has  become  sore  or  galled;  sgal-fsigs- 
Med.y  sgal'i'us  col.  backbone,  spine;  sgal- 
i^id  a  sore  on  a  animal's  back  caused  by 
the  load. 

H*Sm?r  ^9^^^^9^  ^^-  ^•®-5  ^^'  cK^^w, 
5^  ''    angle. 

S^  sgu-rdd  a  sling  Sch. 


S^  sgur  V.  dgur. 

giQrg-  sgid'ba  vb.  a.  (cf.  ffful-ba^  p£  and 

^  fut.  bsgul,  to  move,  agitate,  put  in 
motion,  rgytid  kg  an  ma  sgul-^to  he  could 
not  even  move  the  bow-string  DzL;  to  pull 
(e.g.  the  bell-string). 

sgeu  1 .  diminutive  of  8^a,  ginger,  ftgeu' 
ysh*  Med.,  Ssk.  IRT^^  (Hind,  adrak), 
fresh  ginger.  —  2.  a  small  dOOr. 

SotcI'  ^9^9'P^  ^^''  *^  boast,  brag;  yet  not 
^  '  so  much  vrith  respect  to  words  as 
to  looks  and  demeanour,  so  that  it  may 
be  applied  to  the  airs  of  coquettish  girls 
{sgig-Hh  mdz^-pa  coquettish  Mil.,  Sig.) 
as  well  as  to  the  bearing  of  insolent  young- 
sters and  bullies,  sg^g^ma  n.  of  a  goddess; 
sgeg-mo  Lex.  HT^T?  *  dancing  girl. 
^C^'f^'  sgM'la,  or  dgen-la  (?)  on,  upon  Ts. 

^x:  sff^  Sch.:  'different,  dissimilar,  foreign'. 
^  This  word  I  repeatedly  met  with  in 
books  of  physical  science,  without  finding 
the  signification  given  above  applicable. 
i^^  sgo  1.  door,  the  aperture  itseU^  as  well 
^  as  the  wood- work  of  the  door:  sgo  Jbyidr 
pa,  W.  ^jd'ce"^,  to  open  the  door;  ^ojvg- 
pa*  J.  C.  to  put  in  a  door,'  to  hang  a  door 
on  hinges  2.  W.  to  dose,  to  shut  the  door; 


'^ 


r 


115 


sgo 


yM'pa   1.  to  shut,  2.  to  lock  fa  door); 
^gyog^tty  gydb^a*  C,  to  shut  (the  door); 
ytdn^pa  Sch.:  'to  lock  up',  prop,  to  bolt, 
to  bar,  V.  sffo-ytdn;  bkitmr-pa^  bskum-pa  Cs.: 
resp.  to  shut   (a  door);   sgo  bdiiii-ba  to 
knock,  to  rap  at  the  door;  *go  hiig-ga  rag* 
W,   I  hear  a  rattling  or  rapping  at  the 
door.     The  ground  floor  of  a  house  into 
which  the  door  leads,  is  generally  occu- 
pied by  the  cattle,  hence:  sgoi  pyugs  the 
cattle  near  the  door,  opp.  to:  pugs  kyi  nor 
the  money  in  the  inner  chamber  farthest 
{rom  the  door,  cattle  and  money  being  thus 
the  two  poles   or   terminating  points  of 
household  property.  —  rgydl-sgo  the  prin- 
cipal door  or  entrance  of  a  house  or  cham- 
ber (in  Ld.  also:  *gydz-^o*).  —  sff^^fg-^go 
folding-door  Cs,  —  Mb  ^  sgo  resp.  for  sgo 
Cs,,  cf.  ysdn-sgo.  —  rtd-sgo  a  door  which 
may  be  passed  through  on  horseback,  viz. 
the  door  or  gate  of  a  court-yard  or  gar- 
den, open  at  the  top,  or  a  high  castle-gate; 
in  the  latter  case  syn.  to  rgydl-sgo,  —  ndn- 
sgo  the  innermost  door,  bdr-sgo  the  middle 
door,  pyi'Sgo  the  outer  door  Pth,  —  fs^- 
sgo  V.  2,  Ids-^o  v.  3.  —  UUsgo  glass-door; 
wing  of  a  window,  casement;  ysdn-sgo  se- 
cret door;  Cs,  resp,  for  sgo  (?).  —  2.  the 
boards  that  form  the  pane  or  square  of  a 
door,  hence  beard,  plank,  v.  sgo-rrtdm\  fsi- 
sgo  a  Chinese  punishment,  consisting  of  a 
thick  board  with  an  opening  for  the  neck 
oi  the  culprit,  and  resting  on  his  shoul- 
ders; sgo  yydg-pa  to  put  on  the  board  of 
punishment  —  bse-sgo  dan  Iddgs-sgo  bdun 
sbrags  a  door  constructed  of  sevenfold  lay- 
ers of  leather  and  iron,  used  as  a  butt  for 
shooting  at  —  3.  the  aperture  of  a  door, 
and  hence  aperture  in  general:   sgo  kun- 
nas  from  all  the  apertures  (of  the  body); 
idl-ggi  sgo  resp.  mouth  DzL ;  mndl-sgo  the 
opening  of  the  womb  (v.  m/ial)  frq. ;  sky^- 
bed  sgo  id.  less  frq.  Thgy,;  dkyiU^kor  sgo- 
bhi-pa  a  square  figure  with  four  openings, 
about  thus :  [  ] ;    the  opening  of  a  semi- 
circle; entrance,  passage,  outlet,  connecting 
passage,  communication ;  also  fig  :  way  of 
mediation,  of  bringing. an  agreement  about, 


nan^dn-^  sgo  the  entrance,  the  road,  to 
misery  viz.:  to  hell;  dbdh-poi  sgo  the  or- 
gans of  sense,  also  sgo  Ina  alone ;  sgo-ysiim 
the  three  media  or  spheres  of  moral  acti- 
vity, lv»j  nag,  yid,  action,  word  and  thought 
frq.;  bzd-ba  dan  btun-bai  sgo  ^rog-pa 
to  cut  off  the  supply  (of  provisions) 
Pth,;  bdag  cos  sgor  oJ^'P^  ^  I  ^^S  ^^ 
allow  us  to  enter  religion,  to  receive 
us  as  students  or  disciples  Mil,;  ^d- 
sgo  Schr,  1.  also  bud^o,  Mf^g-go  W.,  ex- 
pense, expenditure  2.  dd^o-tar  he^-pa  C, 
to  relate  accurately  how  a  thing  came  to 
pass;  Ids-sgo  *door  of  intercourse,  of  traded 
a  commercial  place  or  town,  emporium  Glr, 
Hence  sgd-nas  with  the  genit  by  means  of, 
by,  in  the  way  of,  according  to,  but  never 
as  connected  with  a  person  or  joined  to 
an  infinitive :  tabs  du-mai  sgd-nas  in  diffe- 
rent ways,  variously  (often  coinciding  with: 
by  various  means);  his  nag  yid-kyi  sgd- 
nas  in  or  by  actions,  words,  and  thoughts 
(e.g.  to  strive  for  virtue,  cf.  above  sgo- 
ysum)  DzL;  mam^a  sna-fsdys-kyi sgd-nas 
in  every  possible  way  Dzh;  dpei  sgd-nas 
(to  explain)  by  way  of  comparison  Thgy,; 
mfsan-nyid-kyi  sgd-nas  (to  describe  a  thing) 
according  to  its  characteristics  Thgy,;  ngs- 
kyi  sgd-nas  (to  divide)  according  to  the 
species  Lt, ;  ^drd-hai  sgd-nas  btugs-min  ste 
it  being  a  name  given  to  it  from  its  re- 
semblance to  . . .  Wdn,; , , ,  la  prag-dog-gi 
sgd-nas  from  envy  of . . .  Mil,;  mi-snan-bai 
sgd  -  nas  by  way  of  invisibility,  by  being 
invisible   Wdn, 

Comp.  and  deriv.  sgo-Jidn  the  entrance 
into  a  house,  vestibule,  porch,  portal.  —  sgo- 
Uiin  opening  of  the  door  Mil,  —  sgo-Hyi 
a  door -guarding  dog,  watch -dog.  —  sgo- 
Jc6r  hinge  of  a  door  or  gate.  —  sgo-gldgs 
Zam.  =  sgo-)  tan  (?).  —  sgo^Ugs  the  board 
or  plank  of  a  door  Cs,  —  sgo-^mm  the 
space  near  the  door.  —  sgo-jdrig  (Z^.  "^sgon- 
dig*)  door-frame,  window  -  frame.  —  sgo- 
rgydb  the  space  behind  the  door,  within 
the  door  Glr,  —  *go-Mg*  (Uiags)  C,  lock 
of  a  door.  —  *go{gytdn*  a  bar  or  bolt  (a 
small  beam)  to  secure  the  door  with.  — 


116 


jU 


r 


-3' 


^eiv^n 


?r<0jhu. 


sgo'thn  threshold,  also  the  head-piece  of  a 

door.  —  sgo-bddg  =  sgo-dpon,  —  sgo-mdm 
a  single  board,  e.g.  of  Uie  floor.  —  sgd- 
puy  resp.  Mbs'sgO'pa  door-keeper,  porter; 
sgO'dpdn  the  first,  principal  door-keeper. 
—  *go'pin*  W,  door-hinge.  —  sgo-^pdr  board 
or  plank  of  a  door  Gs.  —  sgo-bdr  Ld, 
chinks  between  the  separate  laths  of  a  door 
(for  of  such  the  doors  in  Tibet  frequently 
consist,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  wood).  — 
sgd-mu  1.  pane  or  square  of  a  door,  fold 
of  a  folding-door;  2.  a  masked  dancer  in 


religious  dramatic  entertainments,  repre- 
senting one  of  the  four  guardians  of  the     ^(51^  ^g6-lo  1.  v.  %g6^,  —  2.  Ld. 
world  (v.  rgual'^hi).  —  sgd-mo  1.  a  large      ^       sgo-nd. 


*  ^L 


(v.  rgyal'^hi).  —  sgd-mo  1.  a  large 
door,  a  gate,  castle-gate,  town-gate;  2.  be- 
ginning, rtsiS'kyi  sgd-^mo  Ptii,  =  rtsh-^o  Cs. 
^^Chronol.  Table)  beginning  of  a  new  epoch. 
—  sgo-mtsdms  the  small  openingleft  between 
door-post  and  door,  when  the  latter  does 
not  perfectly  fit.  —  ^go-y^'g  Cs,  i.  inscrip- 
tion, 2.  lampoon,  libel,  3.  a  magisterial  ad- 
vertisement fastened  to  a  door.  —  ago -Id 
n.  of  a  high  and  difficult  mountain -pass 
between  Lhasa  and  Pah,  v.  Hue.  I.  p.  244. 
^ —  sgo'srun  door-keeper^  porter  Dzl. 

S^  sgOj  in  sky^-sgo  v.  sub  sgd-po. 

^ry  sgo^id  or  sgon-nd  and  agorly  egg,  Oggs, 
^  spawn,  also  egg  as  a  measure  Lt; 
sgon-dhis  the  pellicle,  membrane  of  an 
egg  Sch.;  sgdn-^u  the  white  of  an  egg  ScL; 
sgon-Mn,  or  kog,  the  shell  of  an  egg;  sgon- 
8^  yolk  of  an  egg  Sch,  —  5^0  -  na  pyed 
a  scholastic  term,  v.  Was.  (274). 

^^^  sgo-pur  foreskin,  prepuce  C.  vulg. 

^if  ^9^'P^y  ^^^  8^(i-6o,  (Ijd,  *gd'po*)  W. 
^  1.  the  body,  with  respect  to  its  phy- 
sical nature  and  appearance,  *gd-po  chi- 
Tuo ,  rin-Tno,  go-rin^  go-zdrt  tall,  ^gd-po 
ctt/i'Se*  of  small  stature,  short;  *rdm^o* 
stout,  lusty;,  ^fd-mo*  slender,  thin;  *cfe- 
wo*  healthy,  well;  *^o-yaZ*aman  that  has 
lost  his  own  body  by  gaming  and  become 
the  slave  of  another.  —  2.  =  skyi-sgo  face, 
countenance,  skye-sgo  legs  a  beautiful  face, 
M7i'8go  an  ugly  face  Mil  —  sgd-h  1 .  body. 


^^ 


2.  face,  as  a  flattering  word;  also  directly 
for  a  nice  or  pretty  face,  *g6'lo  min  dug 
bag  fsogs  yod*  she  has  not  a  pretty  face, 
but  looks  like  a  fright  W, 
^q-  sgd-ba,  pf.  bsgo  (bsgos  in  L^jw.,  prob. 
^  obsolete)  to  say,  when  used  of  sup- 
eriors, hence  mostly  to  bid,  to  order  (of. 
the  article  bka  init.),  frq.  in  early  litera- 
ture, in  later  times  more  and  more  dis- 
appearing, being  unknown  to  the  common 
people. 

^^  sgo-tsdm  a  little  Sch. 

also  => 
sgo-nd. 

sgdg-pa,  (Ssk.  ^pftfi)  garlic,  leek, 

(Allium);  ri^gdg  Med.  Allium 
sphaeroceph.  L.,  or  a  species  allied  to  it; 
sgog-shyd  Med,  Allium  nivale  Jacqm.  (?); 
sgog-sndn  Med.  perh.  A.  rubellum,  a  blue 
species,  very  common  in  the  Himalaya. 
—  sgog-tin  mortar,  sgog-ytun  pestle,  for 
bruising  leek. 

Scrrq*  ^9^9^<^  l-  Cs.:  'pf.  bsgags,  fut. 
^  '  bsgagj  to  make  one  swear,  sgdg^ 
one  that  makes  a  person  swear.'  I  only 
met  with  mna-sgdg  Lex,  w.  e.  —  2.  yya 
sgdg-pa  v.  yya. 

Kr'  ^9oh  1.  V.  sgo-nd,  —  2.  n.  of  a  coun- 
^  try,  prob.  =  kon  Glr.  —  3.  sgon-fdg- 
pa  n.  of  a  plant  Med. 
SC^'n*  sgdn-ba^  pf.  bsgons,  fut.  bsgon^  imp. 
^  sgon  (s),  1.  to  make  round,  globular 
6s.;  so  it  is  prob.  to  be  understood  in: 
bu-^dm  bsgdr-zin  bsgrdm-nas  bsgons  Lex,, 
he  having  boiled  down  the  sugar  and 
allowed  it  to  grow  cold,  formed  it  into 
balls  (in  this  form  the  sugar  is  usually 
kept  in  Tibet).  —  2.  to  hide  or  conceal 
a  thing  Sch,^  thus  in  ^gon-te  bdr-de*  W.; 
cf.  also  dpd'Sgon-ba. 
Kq-^CT  sgob'sgdb  unable,  deficient,  wanting 

^     ^      in  strength  Sch. ;  *ldg-pa  gob-son* 

Ku7i.  the  hands  are  unable  (to  move),  stiff 

(from  cold). 

sgom  reflection,   meditation,  contem- 
plation, sgom  hdr-gyi  ddgs-pa  the  fear 

lest  contemplation   should    be  prejudiced 


W 


^$rcr  sffdmrpa 

or  rendered  impossible  Mil, ;  sgom  si^un-ba 
to  sastaiD,  to  preserve  meditation  (undis- 
turbed) Mil. ;  sgom-mid  without  meditation 
Thgr. 

w  sg6m~pa  I.  vb.,  pf.  bsgomSy  fut. 
bsgorriy  imp.  8gom(s),  resp.  f^rs 
sgthn-^a  (Ssk.  m,  causative  m^^)  1 .  ori- 
ginally: to  fancy,  imagine;  meditate,  con- 
template, consider,  c.  accus.  and  dat.;  to 
have,  to  entertain,  to  produce  in  one's  mind, 
=  dcyidrj>a^  e.  g.  bzddrpa^  snyin-^ey  by  arm- 
pa  etc.;  rgyim-du  nam  Jci  M-med  sgom 
always  consider  that  it  is  uncertain  at 
what  time  yon  shall  die  Mil,;  with  the 
accus.  and  termin.,  or  with  a  double  accus.; 
to  loolc  upon,  to  represent  to  one's  self 
as ... ,  ^grd-^brug-shns-dan  pa-mar  sgom 
look  upon  the  beings  of  the  six  classes 
as  being  your  parents  Mil.^  viz.  with  the 
same  respect  and  affection,  or  even  so^ 
that  you  imagine  your  father  s  or  your 
mother's  soul  inhabiting  just  now  the  ani- 
mal body  of  one  of  those  beings;  rmi-lam 
%(!y&'-ma  sgom  look  upon  it  as  being  the 
illusion  of  a  dream  Mil,  —  2.  In  later 
times  sg&mr-pa  became  the  usual  term  for 
the  systematic  meditation  of  the  Buddhist 
saint,  so  that  this  word,  and  the  expressions 
tih-ne-jiziip-du  ^iig-pa^  and  bsam-ytdn 
sgriib-pa^  which  in  classical  writings  de- 
note the  concentration  of  the  mind  upon 
one  point  or  subject,  e.  g.  upon  a  certain 
deity^  Iha,  prob.  imply  one  and  the  same 
thing.  Three  degrees  of  this  systematic 
meditation  are  to  be  distinguished,  viz. 
Itd'ba  contemplation^  sg&nwpa  meditation, 
properly  so  called,  (which  requires  ysal 
dan  mi-rtog  m^i-yyens  ysum^  i.e.  that  it 
be  performed  in  a  clear  and  decided  man- 
ner, without  suffering  one's  self  to  be 
disturbed  or  distracted  by  any  thing),  and 
the  third  degree  spy6d-pa^  exercise  and 
practice,  which  three  distinctions  will  be 
somewhat  elucidated  by  the  following: 
bzd(jbai)-ytad(^so)  ydd-na  bltd-ba  7nin, 
bjfin-rgod  yddr-na  sgdm^pa  min^  btdn-dor 
yddrna  spydd-pa  min^  if  one  lives  plen- 
teously,  there  is  no  contemplation   (pos- 


^^  sgos 


117 


sible);  where  there  is  inattention  and  a 
distracted  mind,  meditation  cannot  take 
place;  where  there  is  desire  or  disgust, 
exercise  and  practice  are  not  (to  be  thought 
of)  Mil,  14, 11.  Hence  contemplation  would 
seem  to  be  more  immediately  opposed  to 
the  rule  of  sense,  meditation  to  the  rule 
of  imagination,  practice  to  the  rule  of 
passion;  v.  also  Was,  037),  Kopp,  I,  585. 
Sometimes  contemplation  and  meditation 
are  also  opposed  to  fds-pa,  and  bsdm-pa, 
hearing  and  knowing,  as  to  mere  acts  of 
memory  and  intellect.  —  sg&m^'paypo  Cs,, 
sgom-by^j  sgdmr^ml'an  Mil,  one  that  me- 
ditates, an  ascetic;  sg&m-ma  fem.  Mil,  — 
sgom-chi  1.  a  great  meditator  (so  Mil,  often 
calls  himself).  2.  a  kind  ol  field-mouse,  La- 
gomys  badius  Hook,  II,  156.  — *  sgom-fag 
'meditating-cord',  a  cord  or  rope  slung  by 
the  laxer  sects  round  their  bodies,  in  order 
to  facilitate  the  effort  of  maintaining  an 
erect  and  immoveable  posture  during  me- 
ditation, which  expedient  of  course  is  scorn- 
ed by  the  more  rigid  devotees. 

II.  sbst.  1.  meditation.  —  2.  Cs,:  'the 
state  of  being  accustomed  to'  (prob.  erron, 
for  goms-pd), 

^'(^'  sgom-^b)^dg  (?)  holly.  Ilex.  Sik. 

Jx*  sgor  a  spindle  in  turning-lathes?  v. 
the  next  word. 
Kx-n'  sg6f*-ba  1.  pf.  and  fut.  bsgar,  to  boil 
^  down,  to  condense  by  boiling,  e.  g. 

bti^rdm  sugar.  —  2.  to  turn  on  a  lathe,  W, 
*gdr-la  f^-de*, 

^x^  sgdr-mo  (perh.  also  skdr-mo)  1 .  round, 
^  e.  g.  of  leaves,  Wdn,  and  elsewh.  — 
2  a  circle.  —  3.  a  disic,  a  globe;  hence  a 
rupee  W,;  a  semi-globular  bowl  or  vessel 
W,^  sgor 'fig  circular  line,  circumference, 
circle;  sgor-ftg  py^-ba  Cs,,  pyed-ka  Schr, 
semicircle. 

kj«T*  sgos,  in  compounds  and  as  adverb: 
^  private,  separate,  distinct;  privately  etc., 
opp.  to  spyiy  e.  g.  spyi-ydiigs  a  parasol  for 
several  persons,  awning,  shelter,  sgos-ydugs 
a  parasol  for  one  person  Glr,;  sgds-skal 
share  of  a  single  person,  individual  lot 


^ 


118 


^Ppi"  sgyiu,  sffyig-gu 


\ 


/5Y4- 


MU,'^  sgdS'SUj  or  sffos  adv.,  (opp.  to  spyir) 
particularly,  especially;  sgoS'Qcyt)^  dpon  a 
subaltern  officer  Cs.;  sgds-pa  Sch,:  ^to 
choose^  to  find  the  right  thing'. 

§^'   ^crar  ^9y^^^  ^gy^g-g^  bag,  purse; 

sdn-nas  our  purse  being  at  low  ebb;  d/mZ- 
sfft/ig  money-bag,  purse. 
&r'gr  sgy^n-btty  pf.  bsgt/tris,  fut  bsgyin^  1. 
S^  ace.  to  Lexx.  =  Ssk.  n^  syn.  to 
gldl-ba,  to  yawn,  gape,  and  perh.  to  stretch 
one's  self  after  having  slept;  it  is  almost 
exclusively  used  in  describing  the  attitude 
of  a  dying  lion,  and  so  also  the  dying 
attitude  of  Buddha.   —  2.   perh.   also  = 

^svn'\  ^g^'d(-p^)^^'  the  hollow  of  the 
3  '^  ^  knee,  bend  of  the  knee;  knee- 
joint;  sgyid^a  yiddr-pa  to  lame  the  knee- 
joint,  to  hamstring  (a  horse)  Glr,  —  2. 
the  caH  (of  the  leg)  AIiL\  sgyid  shjiir-ha 
acute  pain  in  the  knee  and  leg  e.g.  of  a 
woman  with  child  Med,;  C«.;  'to  despair  ? 

—  sgyid-Uun  the  hollow  of  the  knee  Med. 

—  sgyid-Hyol  one  lame  in  his  legs  Cs.  — 
sgyid'lug-pa  Lea;,  w.  e.,  Cs.:  slothful,  idle, 
lazy;  sgyid-lhdd  Sch,  id. 

fr'fl-  sgyidrbuy  also  sgyid-bu,  a  hearth, 
'  ^  fire-place,  consisting  of  (three)  stones 
on  which  the  kettle  is  placed;  Uagssgyid 
iron  trevet,  tripod,  cf.  sgy^d-po, 

fsgyu  artifice,  imposture  Dzl.  and  elsewh., 
ygo-^gyu  id.;  yyo-sgyurmied-na  if  he  is 
without  guile  DzL;  ^gyu-can  artful,  crafty, 
cunning,  Cs.  —  sgytL-jprul-mUj  4Hen,  the 
name  of  Buddha's  mother.  —  sgyu-ina^ 
Tfpsff,  illusion,  false  show,  deception  of  sight, 
opp.  to  dnos  reality;  sgyu-ma  sprul4)a  to 
exhibit  a  false  show  Cs, ;  nas  sndn-ba  tarns- 
Md  sgyu-mar  ses  I  know  that  every  thing 
visible,  the  whole  external  world,  is  only 
an  illusion  MiL;  sgyu-mai  Twr  apparent 
riches,  hence  riches  in  general  MU.  (cf. 
sgyu-lus)',  sgyu-nna-mUan  a  juggler  Milr^ 
sgyu  -  ma  -  mUan  -  gyi  m  can  -  bu,  sgyu  -  mat 
mcdn-bu  a  juggler's  apprentice  Lexa;,  — 
sgyu-rtsdl  art.  Skill,  dexterity,  frq.,  the  In- 
dians,  and  so  also  tbe  Tibetans  counting 


S^^  sgy&r-ba 

64  arts  (or  60  in  a  round  number)  Tar.  21, 
2.  —  sgyt^zog  deception,  hypocrisy  Pth.  — 
sgyu'liis  1.  the  immaterial,  subtile  aad 
pure  body  of  the  soul  in  the  Bardo,  hell  etc., 
henc^  ^  yid'kyi  bis  Thgr.  2.  the  animal 
and  human  body  in  general,  in  as  much 
as  it  is  only  an  apparent  body,  a  phan- 
tom, when  considered  from  a  higher  phi- 
losophical point  of  view  Mil. 
5CT^  ^g^-''^^  mother-in-law  Stg.;  mna^ 
^  ^y^  hoth  daughter-in-law  and 

mother-in-law. 

ay^fl'  ^ggur-ba,  pf.  and  fut.  bsgyuVy  (vb.  a. 
%  to  ^yuT-ba)  1 .  to  transform,  lus  jdjod- 
dgur  to  transform  one's  body  (i.  e.  one's 
self)  at  pleasure,  {DzL  9^  /tis  is  to  be 
supplied,  or  gyur-te  to  be  read);  to  trans- 
form the  royal  prerogative  into  a  religious 
one,  V.  Urims,  —  2.  to  change  (colour,  one's 
mind),  to  alter  (something  written),  hence 
to  correct,  to  revise.  —  3.  to  give  up,  leave 
off  (customs,  scruples,  doubts,  timidity) 
(rZr.,  pyi^rol^ai  ^ds-lugs  the  non-Baddhist 
religion.  —  4.  to  turn  o£F  or  aside  (the 
course  of  a  river) ;  to  dissuade,  divert,  las, 
from  Dzl,  —  5.  to  turn,  *)mpa  gywt-h^ 
W,  to  turn  round  on  one's  heel;  ^jin-pa 
gyuT'te  Itd-de*  W.  to  look  back;  A^r-fo 
sgyur-ba  to  turn  a  wheel  =  «i()r-6a;  skad 
sgyur-ba  to  vary,  to  modulate  the  voice, 
also  to  hum  a  tune,  to  sing  or  whistle, 
as  birds  do.  —  6.  to  govern,  rtai  Ua  srdb- 
ky^is,  a  horse's  mouth  by  the  bridle;  also 

fig*  *gg<^i'P9  ^^  fe^-fly^  gg^^*}  %^  ^  ^^" 

me  gyur^  C.  the  king  is  governed  by  his 
minister,  the  husband  by  bis  wife;  ^dod- 
cdgs  ndn-pas  Ua-sgyur  he  is  governed  by 
evil  passions  Mil,;  Hd-lo  sgyur-ba  to  go- 
vern, prop,  and  fig.,  v.  Afa-to;  Un-^rta  sgyHr- 
ba  to  drive  a  carriage;  in  a  similar  sense 
dban  sgyur-ba  c.  la^  to  have  command  or 
control  of,  to  command,  dominate,  frq.; 
prob.  also  to  possess  MU.  —  7.  to  trans- 
late, sgra  sgyur-ba  id.  —  8.  to  multiply  Wdk. 
(cf.  ^yuT'ba  4,  and  tdg-pa);  bsgyiir-bya 
the  multiplicand  Wdk.  —  9.  Lad.^  Pur. 
to  kill,  to  slaughter.  —  10.  to  publish,  pro- 
claim, announce  ^ka-sdl  gyiir-^e^  W.  to  pub- 


^(  ,>  ^''    c 


/^^Jr'-     '.     "^    !^tJv>rv   y      ;-:'   (V 


sf 


sgye-sgur 


^ 


119 


S"^]^  sgra-ycdn 


lish  an  order;  *fon  ffj/ur*  W.  annooDce  me! 
said  in  my  name! 

i'S^  ^esgur  crooked  ScLy  better  %^. 

r^gye^bo  is  said  to  denote  in  6'.  one 
of  the  lower  classes  of  officials  or 
noblemen. 

S-^f  ^y^-rno  l.sbst.  a  bag  (not  of  leather) ; 
"  ras-sgye  a  bag  of  cotton  stufiF  PtL » 
«S^ew  diminutive.  —  2.  adj.  quiet,  gentle 
(of  horses)  Sp. 

^if  ^,y^'PO  a  stone  for  a  fire-place, 
^  hearth-stone,  three  of  which  are  so 

placed  together,  that  a  fire  may  be  kindled 
between  them  and  a  kettle  put  on;  sgyid- 
bu  a  fire-place  constructed  in  this  manner. 
^Orq*  ^^Wa,  pf.  and  fut.  bagyely  vb.  a. 
^  to  ^41rbay  to  throw  down,  to  over- 
ifaroWy  overturn,  gan-^db  on  the  back  Lex. ; 
to  lay  or  put  down  (a  bottle,  a  book);  to 
thwart  (the  charm  of  an  enemy);  to  kill 
(horses);  ^mi  8e\  ta  ggel*  manslaughter 
and  the  killing  of  horses,  C. 
OTWf  ^y^ff^  ^  •  a  warlike  engine  to  shoot 
3  darts  or  fling  stones  with,  catapult, 

ballista,  sgydgs^kyi  ^prul-Jcdr  Thgr,  id  ; 
sgyogs-rdo  a  stone  flungfromsuch  a  machine 
Sck;  in  later  times:  2.  mortar,  cannon,  gun, 
in  Tibet  even  at  the  present  day  without 
wheels,  col.  *gkyo^.  —  3.  a  surgeon's 
instrument  for  setting  broken  limbs  6s. 
K^'q*  9gy6h'bay  pf.  bsyganSy  fut.  bsgyan^ 
5  perh.  originally  =  sgdh-ba  to  hide, 
but  actually  used  1.  in  C:  ^gyitr^ma  ggan- 
««»•  to  fill,  to  stuff  (a  sausage)  2.  col.  in 
Wr.  ""gydn-ce^io  put  into  (the  pocket,  a 
box,  a  coffin)  ;*^yrfw-rfw  b&i^be*  to  keep,  lock, 
or  shut  up  (things);  *ugs  gydn-l^  to  hold 
one's  breath;  gla  pyir  sgydn-ba  to  retain 
the  wages  due  to  another  person  ScL  The 
form  rgyans  often  occurs  in  MU,^  in  passages 
where  *to  retain,  lock  up,  put  into'  or  a 
similar  term  Would  suit  very  well.  Other 
passages  cannot  yet  be  sufficiently  ac- 
counted for,  and  upon  the  whole  the  roots 
^yan  and  kyan  (rgycm  etc.)  require  to  be 
roore<  closely  inyestigated. 


sgray  W.  also  Va*,  1.  a  sound,  noise; 

voice;  hd-sgra  the  sound  h  Glr.;  sgrd- 
bbas  J^ru  noisy  evacuations  take  place  Lt ; 
^dn^a-dag  sgrd-mams  fos  the  deaf  hear 
sounds;  sgra  sgrdg-^a  to  produce  sounds, 
noises  Mil, ;  sgra  dag  ysal  ysum  (read)  loud, 
correctly,  and  distinctly,  those  three  (a 
precept  for  reading  or  reciting);  ^nyid-ra 
tdh'be*  W,  to  snore;  ^hdg^rc^  the  noise 
made  by  a  flight  of  birds  passing;  mih- 
sgra  a  mere  word,  name,  or  sound  TTos., 
as  a  philosophical  term.  —  2.  word,  syllable, 
bddg-sgra  Cs.,  bddg-poi  sgra  Grram,,  the 
name  given  in  grammar  to  the  so-called 
article  pay  e.g.  in  rtd-pa  horseman,  rider; 
dgdg-sgra  prohibitive  or  negative  particle. 

—  3.  language,  science  of  languages,  philo- 
logy. 

Comp.  sgra  -  skdd  (=  sgra  1 .)  sound, 
voice,  sgra^kdd  snydnr-pa  frq.  —  sgrd-ban 
sounding,  sonorous.  —  sgra-^SS  far-famed, 
renowned  MU..  sgra  Her  gragspa  Stg.  id.  — 
sgra-snydn  1.  a  well-sounding,  agreeable  voice, 
2.  C.  a  guitar.  —  sgra-bmydn  echO  Mil  — 
sgrd'ldar  SOUnding,  SOnoroUS.  —  sgra-dbydns 

1.  pleasing  tone,  harmony,  euphony,  e.g.glu 
dan  rdl^mm  Tar,  2.  n.  of  a  goddess 
(Js,  —  sgra-sbydi'  Zam,y  Tar.,  Schf,,  a 
coalition  or  connection  of  letters.  —  sgra- 
mi'Snydn  (a  disagreeable  voice)  n.  of  a 
larger  and  two  smaller  northern  continents 
of  the^  fabulous  geography  of  ancient  India. 

—  sgra  -  fsdd  (sgra  dan  tsqd  -  wa)  Tar., 
Schf.:  grammar  and  logic;  yet  yi-gei  sgra- 
fsddy  sgra 'f sad -yi-ge  Glr.  seem  to  denote 
philology. 

grrn«-  sgra-ybdUy  Sskjj^Rahu^  1.  a 
^  '  ^  demon  or  monst^  of  Indian  my- 
thology, esp.  known  by  his  being  at  enmity 
with  the  Sun  and  Moon,  on  whom  he  is 
continually  wreaking  his  vengeance,  oc- 
casionally swallowing  them  for  a  time 
and  thereby  causing  their  eclipses.  The 
Buddhist  representation  of  the  Rahu- 
legend  is  given  by  Schl,  p.  114.  —  2.  Cs,: 
the  ascending  node  of  the  moon,  determining 
the  time  of  the  obscurations.  —  sgra-ybdn- 


^C^'^  sgrdn'-ba 


120 


<J^in,  TnW  Rdhula  1.  ^seized  by  Rahu' 
(Folic.  Gyatch,  II,  LVII),  obscured,  eclipse 
of  the  sun  or  moon,  2.  'catcher  of  Rahu,' 
ace.  to  the  Tibetan  legend  an  epithet  given 
to  the  deity  jryag-rd&r^  ace.  to  Indian  my- 
thology, to  Vishnu,  who  in  Tibetan  is  called 
l^yah'^ug  (also  h'yab-^jug-ysdd  Cs.);  some- 
times, however,  he  is  identified  with  Rahu 
himself,  for  the  names  yza-sffra-ycan^  yzor- 
sgra-fcan-dziTiy  yza-Uyab'^ug,  yza-rd^hu" 
la,  and  even  yza-du-ba-^ug-rin  (comet!) 
are  used  promiscuously.  —  3.  a  son  and 
disciple  of  Shaky  am  uni,  who  received  this 
name  on  account  of  an  eclipse  of  the 
moon  taking  place  at  his  birth,  v.  F(mc, 
Gyatch,  II,  389. 

ijjr -n*  sgrdn-bay  Cs. ;  pf  bsgrariSy  fut.  bsgi'an, 
^  imp.  sgron^  1 .  to  enumerate,  to  reckon 

up  separately.  —  2.  to  upbraid,  to  reproach. 
5Jf2rfl'  sgrdl-ba  to  CUt  into  small  pieces, 
^  viz.  the  picture  of  an  enemy  whom 

one  wishes  to  destroy. 
ftm-q.  sgn'g-pa,  pf.  bsgrigs,  fut.  bsgrig,  imp. 
^  «5^^(«\   W.  *rig'te*y  to  lay  or  put 

in  order,  to  arrange,  adjust,  pan-Ub  boards 
or  planks,  so^dg  bricks  or  tiles  6Zr.,  kar- 
yol  plates  and  dishes,  =  to  lay  the  cloth; 
ydan  stuffed  seats  or  chairs  DzL'^  to  put 
or  fit  together,  to  join  the  separate  parts 
of  an  animal  body  Glr.;  to  put  close  to- 
gether, side  by  side,  hence  W.:  *zin  de 
nyis  ng-te  yod*  these  two  fields  are  ad- 
jacent, *(a  dan  rig-te  yin*  it  is  situated 
close  to  the  border;  to  compile,  to  write 
books  Gh\  —  ''rigmo^  W,  tight,  close,  e.g. 
a  joint,  commissure,  seam. 
^<T'2f^  sgHn^Oj  Zam. :  =  mlcds-pa^  prudent, 
^  '  skilful,  clever,  bio  sgrin-pa  a  pene- 
trating mind  Sch, 

^przy  sgn'b^a  1.  vb.  pf.  bsgribs^  fut.  bsgi^iby 
^  imp.  sgrib(s)j  W,  *rib-ce*^  to  deprive 

of  light,  to  darken,  to  obscure,  W,  *rib  via 
rib*  get  out  of  my  light!  nyi-viai  ^od-zer 
bsgribs-nas  the  light  of  the  sun  being  ob- 
scured, by  clouds  Glr ,  by  a  curtain  Zam. 
—  2.  sbst.  the  state  of  being  darkened, 
obscuration,  gen.  fig.,  mental  darkness,  sin, 
also  sgrib;  s^ms-dan  fams-tdd-kyi  sgrib-pa 


^(^'  «STO«(«) 


s€lJ>a  frq.,  hence  sgrib^armani'S^l  n.  of 
a  Boddhisatva;  sgnb-pa  Ina  Dd.,  the 
five  obscurations  caused  by  sin ,  prob.  = 
H^mmei  Bum.  II,  360.  —  3.  adj  darkened, 
obscured,  dark;  sinner,  bdag-rdn  sgHlhfa 
ii-am  am  I  so  great  a  sinner?  Pth.  — 
^Hb-ma*  C,  *rib-ma*  W.  shelter,  fence,  e.g. 
at  the  side  of  a  field  against  the  wind. 
gg^«^  sgrim-^a,  pf.  bsgrims,  fut  bsgrim, 
^  imp.  sgrim(s),  Cs.:  *to  hold  fast,  to 

force  or  twist  together;  to  endeavour';  Sch 
also:  io  squeeze  in,  cram  in;  to  be  ove^ 
hasty,  confused'.  Only  the  following  phrases 
came  to  my  notice :  *ku-pa  divfi-pa*  C.  to 
twist  or  twine  a  thread;  ^rig-pa  dim^  C. 
take  care!  (collect  your  thoughts!);  ^dim- 
tog  ^  can*  Sp.  inquisitive,  curious.  Some 
passages  in  £.,  e.g.  bh-bsgrims  (explained 
by  blo-^dds  Zam.)  are  as  yet  dubious  as 
to  their  sense. 

Sorn*  sgril'ba^  pf.  and  fut.  bsgrUy  W. 
^  \s)Hl'ci*,    (cf.  ^'ba  1.    and 

Jiril'ba\  1.  to  wind  or  wrap  round  e.g.  a 
bit  of  cloth  round  one's  finger;  to  roll, 
wrap,  or  wind  up;  ril-bur  to  roll  or  form 
into  a  pill  Med.;  to  make  fast  or  tight,  Uiddr 
pa  what  is  loose;  pyogs  yag-tu  sgril-ba  to 
gather  into  a  heap,  to  heap  or  pile  up,  to 
sweep  together;  hence  sgril-baa  (also  dril- 
bos  Glr.)  to  sum  up  all,  taking  all  together, 
in  short  Lt;  mjug-ma  sgHl^ba  to  wag  the 
tail,  mi-la  at  a  person  (of  dogs)  Mil;  to 
roll,  e.g.  a  large  stone  to  some  place.  — 
2.  to  multiply  Wdk.^  frq.;  bsgn'lrma  a  doubled 
and  twisted  thread  or  cord  Sch. ;  sgril-kin 
a  wooden  roil,  round  which  paper  etc.  is 
wound;  the  rolling-pin  of  bakers.  —  sgrilr 
hdg^   W.  *^og'Hl*^  rolled  paper  Ca. 

rq-  sgfmg-pa,  pf.  bsgrugSy  fut.  bsgrug, 
imp.  sgrtig(8),  W.  *rug-he(9)*^  to 
collect,  gather,  pluck,  pick  up  e.g.  wood, 
flowers,  vermin  etc. 

fjjr/^y  8grun(8),  Ld.  *hrum*y  C.  *(jlum*, 
3  fable,  legend,  tale  (to  the  unculti- 

vated mind  of  the  Tibetan,  destitute  of 
any  physical  and  historical  knowledge  of 
the  countries  and  people  beyond  the  boun- 
daries of  his  native    soil,   the  difference 


^'^'  sgrun-ba 

between  truth  and  fable  is  but  vague  and 
unsettled);  9ffrun  ^Md-^a  to  relate  fables, 
stories  etc.;  anon-rdbs  sgi^un  Zam.,  sndn^ 
ffyi  sffimn-rgyud  Glr,,  sgi^un-ytdm  tales  of 
ancient  times,  of  the  days  of  yore;  sffrun- 
mUcm  Cs.,  sgrm-pa  Sch.  the  inventor  or 
writer  of  fables  and  tales,  also  a  narrator 
of  tales. 

r'H'  sgrun-bay  pf.  bsfft^uns^  fut.  bsgrun, 
1.  to  mix.  2.  to  invent,  to  feign  Cs. 
Fjjgr^r  sgrun-poj  pf.  and  fut.  bsgi^un  1.  to 
•3'       compare  c  la  and  dan  DzL  —  2.  to 
emultte,  vie,  contend  with  Cs. 

rq-  8grub^al,yh.^i,b9grubs,i\xi.bsffi'vby 
imp.  8grub(8)  (cf.  ^rub-pa  Ssk, 
^rr\r)  l*  to  complete,  finish,  perform,  carry 
out,  an  order,  a  wish,  hence  usually  with 
b^n-du  DzL;  to  make,  achieve,  manufacture, 
obtain,  attain,  dnul-rdo-la  dnul  bsgrub'tu 
btub^a  Itar  shns-bafir-la  Sam^gyds  bsffi'uU 
tu  btub-pa  yin-no  in  like  manner  as  silver 
is  obtained  from  silver-ore,  Buddha  may 
proceed  from  beiugs  Thgy.;  don  sgrub^a 
to  attain  to  one's  aim,  to  obtain  a  blessing, 
a  boon;  fse  ^dii  don  sgrub-pa  to  care  for 
the  wants  of  this  life;  to  procure,  rgydgs- 
pye  floor,  as  provision  for  a  journey  Mil; 
nor  sgridnpa  to  gain  riches ;  to  furnish  with, 
to  supply,  one's  self  or  others  Mil,  —  2. 
Iha-sgrub'pa  implies,  in  accordance  to 
Brahmanic -Buddhistic  theology,  not  so 
much  the  making  a  deity  propitious  to  man 
(6!s.),  as  rendering  a  god  subject  to  human 
power,  forcing  him  to  perform  the  will  of 
man.  This  coercion  of  a  god  seems  to  be 
effected  in  a  twofold  manner.  The  practise 
of  the  common  people  is  to  perform  a  vast 
amount  of  prayers  and  conjurations,  spe- 
cially intended  for  the  god  that  is  to  be 
made  subject.  Another  method  is  adopted 
by  saints,  who  are  advanced  in  every  kind 
of  religious  knowledge.  They  continue 
their  sgom-pay  or  profound  meditation,  for 
months  and  years,  until  the  deity,  finally 
overcome,  stands  before  them  visible  and 
tangible,  nay,  until  they  have  been  per- 
sonally united  with  and,  as  it  were,  in- 
corporated into  the  invoked  and  subjected 


S(3rd!f  sgrdn-Tfio 


121 


god.  Whilst  the  conatus,  the  labouring  in 
this  arduous  undertaking,  is  often  called 
sgriib^a,  the  arriving  at  the  proposed  end 
is  designated  by  ^grub-pay  e.g.  rgydl-pos 
rta-vigrin  sgrub-pa  mdzad-paa  ^^grub-nas 
rta-skdd  btdn-pas  etc.,  the  king  began  to 
coerce  Tadin  (Hayagriwa)^  and  when  the 
latter  was  made  obsequious,  so  as  to  ap- 
pear, a  neighing  was  heard  etc.  Glr,;  sgom- 
sgrub  byed-pa  for  sgdm-pa  dan  sgrub-pa 
byed'pa  MU.  —  bsgrub-Mn,  sgrub^/ndSy 
sgrub ^ pug  the  house,  the  place,  the 
cavern,  where  a  saint  applied  himself  to 
sgrtdh-pa ;  sgrub^a-po  one  effectuating  the 
coercion  described  above,  Sambh,  frq,  — 
sgrub-rtdgs  tokens,  proofs  of  perfection,  of 
an  accomplished  saint.  —  sgincb-fdbs  the 
method  of  effecting  the  coercion,  of  obli- 
ging a  god  to  make  his  appearance;  sgruih- 
byed  1.  he  that  accomplishes  the  coercion 
(cf.  Schl  p.  247).  2.  a  kind  of  bile  Med. 

—  sgi^ub-yshi  the  Bon-doctrine  Mil. 

II.  sbst.  1.  one  that  contemplates  and 
meditates,  like  sgom-cen  Mil.  2.  n.  of 
a  sect  of  Lamas,  with  whom  marriage  is 
permitted. 

tq-  sgre-ba  I.  Cs.  adj.  nal(ed,  gen.  sgren-- 
mo. 
n.  vb.  pf.  bsgresy  fut.  bsgre  (cf.  ^gre-ba) 
1.  to  roll  Glr.y  Pth.  —  2.  to  multiply  Wdk. 

—  3.  to  repeat  Cs.  —  4.  to  put  or  place 
in  order,  to  put  together,  to  compare,  e.g. 
records  Tar.  174,  U  Schf. 

^ raT  W^'^^9  *  sea-washed  beach  Sch. 

i^mzr  9ff^^9'P<^  I-  vb.  pf.  8g7*egsy  to  belch. 
5J  I  —  2.  sbst.  belch,  eructation,  sgr^g- 
pa  ^dM-pay  J>yin^a  Med.  *ml'-ddg*  C.  a 
belch  of  a  fetid  smell. 
^r'q-  sgrin-bay  pf.  bsgrens,  fut  bsgi^eAy  imp. 
^  sgren(s)y  cf .  ^^-bay  J .  to  raise,  8- 
rect,  lift  up,  hold  up,  plant  up,  e.g.  a  fin- 
ger, a  beam  etc.  —  2.  to  stretch  out  a  limb 
and  hold  it  stiff  C. 

^-•^  sgi*hi-mo  naked,  sgr^n-mor  Jyyun-ba 
^  '  to  appear  in  a  naked  state,  to  show 
one's  self  naked  Dzl.\  Bhar.  59.  Schf,  Mor- 
bus', orphaned  (cog.  to  bkrenf). 


122 


sgro 


sgiv  1.  a  large  feather,  esp.  qafll-fea- 
ther,  used  for  an  ornament  of  arrows, 
as  a  charm  etc. ;  sfft'Ch-rnddm  peacock's  fea- 
ther, as  a  badge  of  dignity.  2.  to  elevate, 
exalt,  increase;  68.:  to  exaggerate.  Was. 
however  has  p.  (305):  'Vorurtheil  (An- 
erkennung  des  Nichtwahren) ,  Gegensatz: 
skur-^dibs  Lasterung  (Leugnung  des  Wah- 
ren)\  and  p.  (297):  ^sgro-skur  Vemeinen 
und  L&sterung\  Cs.  renders  sgro-skur  by 
'exaggerated  praise  and  blame';  sgrchskur 
^dibs-ba  occurs  ako  in  Mil,  The  phrase 
sgro-^ddgs  ybdd^a  might  therefore  be  ren- 
dered: to  put  an  end  to  overrating  and  to 
prejudice  ;  this  meaning,  however,  does  not 
suit  in  every  instance,  and  ace.  to  expres- 
sions heard  from  people  in  6'.,  sg^v^^dogs 
yhdd-pa  would  signify :  to  turn  to  account, 
to  work  one's  way  up,  to  contest  for  a 
prize.  Finally  ought  to  be  mentioned  that 
ace.  to  Schr.  sgro-^ddgs  sfpyodrpa  (sic)  de- 
notes 'logic'.  A  connection  between  these 
heterogeneous  significations  is  not  discer- 
nible, but  a  clew  may  perhaps  be  found 
hereafter.  —  3.  sack,  bag  (?),  fdl-^gro  Glr, 
was  explained  by:  a  sack  full  of  ashes. 
Srar  sffro^a  C,  the  little  bubbles  in  spark- 
^  '  ling  beverages,  *Mn-la  do-ga  du^ 
the  beer  sparkles. 

'W^  W^'^y  V-  W^g-g^  sub  sgi^og, 

rq-  sgrd-ba  I.  sbst.  1.  Wdh,^  ace.  io  Sch. 
the  bark  of  a  species  of  willow,  *but 
prob.  the  same  as  grd-ga.  —  2.  C.  the  penis. 
II.  vb.,  pf.  bsgroSy  fut.  bsgro^  imp.  sgro- 
Lea;x.  w.e.^  Cs, :  to  debate,  discuss,  so  that 
it  would  be  only  another  form  o{  bgro-ba; 
but  in  C.  *dO'^e'  )M-pa*  is  said  to  mean : 
to  talk  at  random,  to  chatter  away  thought- 
lessly. 

f^r^'  «5^^W  ^^^f  ""OPCj  for  tying,  fet- 
'^  ^  tering;  fetters  Mil.  and  C;  Icags- 
sgrdg  iron  fetters,  chain;  Uags-sgrdg  Idg- 
pa  sbrel-nas  the  hands  tied  or  chained  to- 
gether; Idags  '  sgrdg  '  pa  a  convict  put  in 
irons;  kin -sgrdg  fetters  made  of  twisted 
twigs  Cs.;  Iham-sgrdg  shoe-strap,  lace,  lat- 
chet.  —  sgrdg -gu^  sgrd-gtc,  W.  *r6g'bu*^ 


^O^-qi  sgrol^a 

string,  strap,  for  binding,  fastening,  strap- 
ping; Sch.  also  button;  sgrog-ril  Sch.  but- 
ton, sgrog-ril  sgrdg-pa  to  button  up. 
^m-q'  W^  "P^y  pf-  bsgrags,  fut.  bsgrag, 
^  '  imp.  sgrags(s),  to  call,  call  OUt,  call 
to  Dzl.  and  elsewh.;  to  publish,  proclaim, 
promulgate,  ytam-snydn  good  news  Mil.; 
st'bai  ytam  bsgrdgs-na  if  his  death  becomes 
known.  Tar.;  ISos  sgrdg-pa^  resp.  cds-kyi 
sgrog-gUk  mdzddrpa  Glr.  to  preach;  dril- 
sgrog-pa  to  publish  by  ringing  a  bell,  to 
pubUsh,  proclaim ;  sgrdg^a-po  a  proclaimer, 
a  preacher  Cs.  —  2.  to  shout,  to  scream, 
nu'skad  drag-par  sgrog  (the  infant)  weeps 
and  screams  Lt.  —  3.  C.  (in  W.  only  resp.) 
to  read,  ysun  sgrdg -pa  to  read  words  of 
Buddha  Ma.;  even:  shns-kyis  sgrdg-pa  to 
read  silently.  —  4.  to  bind,  like  ^grdgs-pa; 
V.  also  sffTog  extr. 

Kr'CT  sgrdd-pay  another  form  of  ^grddrpa 
**  ^  tx)  go;  not  much  used. 
^'^  W^''^^  A  Isunp,  lantern,  torch, 
^  '  sgr<m-7n^  a  burning  lamp,  (prop,  a 
lamp-fire) ;  often  fig.  —  sgron  -  pa  vb.  to 
light,  to  kindle,  dpe-ca-la  me  sgrdn-nas  light- 
ing (burning)  the  book  Pth.  —  sgroiviskdl 
the  enlightened  age  Cs.^  opp.  to  mun^bskdl 
the  dark  age.  —  sgron-dtrigs  Iamp4llack.  — 
sgron  '  (me ')  Hn  Sch.  the  yew -leaved  fir, 
Pinus  picea,  which  tree,  however,  is  scarcely 
known  in  Tibet;  in  Sik.  it  denotes  Pinus 
longifolia,  and  prob.  also  in  every  other 
province,  the  most  resinous  species  of  co- 
niferous trees  prevailing  there, 
^•q-  sgrdn-pa,  pf.  and  fut.  bsgron  1.  to 
^  cover,  to  lay  over,  adorn,  decorate 
Glr.  —  2.  to  light,  to  kindle,  v.  sgrdn-wa. 

sgi'ob  haughtiness,  arrogance,  pride,  Z^jt. 


I 


^-  sgrom  box,  chest,  trunk,  coffer  =  sgam; 
^  sgrdm-bu  a  small  box  or  chest:  smyug- 
sgrdm  Cs.  =  yzeb-ma  a  [chest  or  trunk  made 
of  bamboo ;  ro-sgrdm^  rus-pai  sgrom  Zam. 
coffin. 

^  rescue,  deliver,  save,  las  from,  cot 
of,  sgi*6l-bai  ded-dpdn-du  ^^gt/ur  he  becomes 
a  guide   to   salvation   Glr.  —   2.  to  lead, 


S&r5|'  sgrdUma 


123 


^'^pX^*  brgyal-ia 


transport,  carry,  to  cross  (a  river)  by  boat 
or  ferry,  m-bsffrdl  Lex.:  Tft^  passed  over; 
H-boi  pd-rol-tu  bsgrdl-bar  mdzdd-cig  have 
the  goodness  to  take  me  over  to  the  other 
bank  Sambh,\  Jcdr-ha  hsgrdl-bai  gi^-yzim 
yin  Glr,  it  is  a  boat  that  carries  over  the 
river  of  transmigration.  —  3.  to  remove,  do 
away  with,  drive  away,  ^dre  -  mams  pyii 
rgyd^mfso  ihi-po-la  bsgrdl  Glr,  the  demons 
were  driven  to  the  uttermost  parts  of  the 
sea;  bdtid  sgrdl-ba  to  expel  the  devil;  sdig- 
can  rgydl-^  sgrdl-bar  ^yur  the  guilty  king 
will  be  removed  out  of  the  way!  6/r.; 
dgra-bgegs  bsgral-hai  ha  Urag  rus-pa  dan 
nan-rol  glo  snyin  bbds-pa  mcod-par  Jml 
the  flesh,  blood,  bones,  heart,  lungs  and 
entrails  of  slaughtered  enemies  of  the  faith 
are  offered  by  us  as  a  sacrifice.  This  say- 
ing, the  tendency  of  which  is  often  justified 
by  the  sophism,  that  it  is  an  act  of  mercy 
to  kill  an  enemy  of  the  faith  and  thus 
prevent  him  from  accumulating  more  sin, 
shows  that  even  'mild  Buddhism'  is  not 
incapable  of  bloody  fanaticism,  and  instan- 
ces like  that  of  king  Lan-dar-ma  of  old, 
and  of  the  recent  martyrdom  of  Roman 
Catholic  christians  at  Bonga  confirm  this 
fact  from  experience. 

^ar^T  ^yrdl-Tna^  sometimes  also  sgroUyum 
^  68.,  W.  ^rdl-ma*,  1.  n.  of  two  god- 

desses, Ssk,  TTTTT'  J^^own  in  the  history  of 
Tibet  as  the  white  and  green  Tara,  incar- 
nated in  the  two  wives  of  Srongtsangampo, 
Schl  66  and  84;  Kapp.  IL,  65.  —  2.  a 
name  of  females,  of  frequent  occurrence. 

^^j-  sgros  1.  Cs.  manner,  method,  way,  bsdd- 
^  sgros  way  of  explaining,  instructing, 
informing:  sgrogs  bhdd-^gros  Sck,:  Hhe  me- 
thod of  instruction  which  is  to  be  proclaim- 
ed' (?);  ytdm- sgros  Cs,:  'way  or  manner 
of  speaking'  (?).  —  2.  Cs.  edge,  brim,  lip; 
ScL  also  mark  from  a  wound,  SCar;  idl-gyi 
mcur-sgrds  seems  to  signify  only  'lip'. 
nMTZV  brgdd-pa  =  bgdd-pa  to  smile,  to 

'  '      smile  on  Stg. 
^3fpr  brgal  1.  v.  rgdl-ba,  2.  v.  rgdl-ba. 


flSfOin'  brgdUba  ScL  'das  Gegenseitige', 
'  mutual  relation,  contrast,  contrary? 

5!fliYS5I'^''\  ^''^^  {^dm-pd)  a  hundred,  one 

^  hundred;  brgyorprdg  the  hun- 

dred, a  century;  brgya-prdg  bcu  1000; 
brgyd'pa  the  hundredth;  brgyd-po  con- 
sisting of  one  hundred  (cf.  under  dgu); 
brgya  dan  bburbli  114;  brgya-nyi-hi  120; 
bii'-brgya  (dan)  go^brgydd  498;  brgyd-9*isa 
V.  rtsa;  brgyd-la  (Cs,:  brgya-Tnalan-ydig, 
or  brgyd-lam-naf)  once  among  a  hundred 
(cases  or  times)  i.e.  very  rarely,  e.g.  (diis) 
brgyd'la  bmyed  kyan  though  it  be  found 
for  once  at  last  MU.  frq.,  cf.  Schf,  Erlfiut. 
zu  DzangL  p.  45;  also  ==  finally,  in  short, 
the  Latin  denique^  Mtl.nt;  brgyd-can  er- 
ron.  for  rgyd-dan.  —  brgya-m^dd  a  heca- 
tomb of  100  lamps,  offered  on  certain  fes- 
tival occasions  Sik.  —  brgyd-^dans  about 
or  nearly  a  hundred  ScL  —  brgyd-dpon 
a  captain  of  a  hundred  men,  the  Latin 
centurio.  —  brgya-byin  (ipTlff^)  '(honour- 
ed by)  a  hundred  sacrifices',  epithet  of 
Indra,  cf.  exatn^ifiaiog)  1.  Indra.  2.  n.  of 
a  medicine  Wdii, 
nfff  brgyaf  1 .  in  smrd-bai  brgya  ScL :  noisy 

^  conversation;    Lexa,    simply    "KIWHI 
speech,  conversation  (with  the  remark  that 
the  word  is  obs.  and  prov.).  —   2.  often 
erron   for  rgya, 
ngJT'n'  brgydn-ba  1.  v.  rgyon-ba  2.  to  call 

^         to  a  person  from  a  distance,  C. 
agjT'  brgyad  eight;  brgydd-pa  the  eighth, 

yJ  '  brgyad^  consisting  of  eight,  brgydd- 
cu  eighty,  brgyad-bi-rtsa-yag  (W,  ^gyad- 
cu-gya-i^),  gya-ycig  81;  brgyad-brgyd 
800;  brgyad'Stdn  8000;  brgyad-k'n  SO  000. 
^2S^Yq)'Tpr  %i^«*<*)%  a  reproach,  re- 

J  H   >'   M  |ju|(e^  brgyad-kdg  byidrpa  to 
rebuke,  to  chide  DzL 
—  --.«•  brgydnr-pa^  vb.  to  adorn,  decorate; 

^  to  provide  with  (c.  instrum.),  cf. 
rgyan  sbst. ;  nya  mgo  sd-^yis  brgydn-pa  the 
letter  nya  (^)  being  provided  with  an  s 
above  it,  =  sny. .,  Zam. 

QSfli"^'  ^ffy^^'^^  ^'  *^  ^^^^  ^®^^  sense- 
^  less,  to  faint;  *brgydl'te  ddd-b^ 


124 


qjC^q-  brgyins-^a 


W.  to  lie  in  winter-sleep;  ^o-brgydl-te  very 
much  exhausted,  v.  ^o.  —  2.  to  howl,  of 
the  fox.  Sch. 
ngr^'zy  fyf'ffy^'fi^-pct'  Lexr^  Cs,:  *the  mar- 

^  row  in  the  back-bone'. 

q*N'  %W,  cf.  r^yud,  Ssk.  q?;iq<  fa- 

^  ^  mily  (^^,  lineage;  relations,  ances- 
tors, descendants,  offspring,  mi-brgyud  i. 
=  brgyudy  del  mi-brgyud  yin-pa  being  of  his 
family  Glr.  2.  people,  nation,  bdd-kyi  mi- 
hrgyud  the  Tibetan  nation.  3.  the  human 
race,  mankind  Cs. ;  rigs-brgyudy  resp.  yduh- 
brgyud  family ;'  issue,  progeny,  rigs-hrgyud 
jpd-bar  ^gyur  there  will  be  a  numerous 
offspring;  blcHtgyud  succession  or  descent 
of  Lamas  Cs.  —  *mig  nd-be  gyud-la  yodf^ 
W.  diseases  of  the  eye  frequently  occur 


in  that  family;  *dA-n§  gyvd  mi  ^ad  yin* m 
W.  then  the  racQ  will  not  die  out;  *8p^^  1 
gyvd'la  bdr-ce*  W.  to  set  apart  cattle  for 
breeding;  brgyvd-nas  brgyiidndu  from  ge- 
neration to  generation  C«. ;  bu  tsa  brgyud- 
du  bdeo  he  is  blessed  even  to  his  children 
and  children's  children  DzL 

Comp.  brgyvd-brgyugs  a  continuous  suc- 
cession ScK  —  brgyud-can  like  his  pro- 
genitors Cs.  —  brgyitd'pa  1.  belonging  to 
a  race  or  family.  2.  v.  rgyud  and  rgyud- 
pa.  —  brgyud-m4d  degenerate  Cs,,  cf. 
brgyud-han,  —  brgyud-ma  1 .  Cs.  =  brgyud- 
can.  2.  W.  fruitful,  fertile.  3.  brgyud-^ma- 


C  na 

brgyab  Lea:,  w.e.  —  bryyvd-^dzin  a  first- 
bom  male,  heir  and  successor. 
njLfr  brgrad  is  acknowledged  by  Leaar., 

J  '    but  evidently  an  incorrect  form  for 
bgrad. 
qiu  •  •  •  bsg . . .  words  beginning  thus  will 

^       for  the  greater  part  be  found  under 
sg  ... 

^SfT^  ^^9^9'P^  V.  ^igs-pa  and  sgdg^a. 

qgir*  bsgan  {Lexx.  =  dnos-yziy  Wif?)  point 
^  of  time,  moment,  insbmt,  conjuncture, 
h-ymr-bsgd/i-gi  Ihdgs-ma  a  chilling  gale 
on  newyear  s  day  Mil. ;  esp.  the  proper  time 
or  season  for  doing  a  thing,  byd-bai  bsgan; 
Jb^ri-baiy  zd-bai  bsgan  the  time  for  writing, 
eating.  (A  different  word  from  sgan). 
nofn'  bsgd'ba  1.  v.  sg6-ba.  —  2.  pf.  bsgo^ 
^  vb.  a.  to  ^6-ba,  to  soil,  stain,  defile, 
lit.  and  fig.,  *kygn-ghyi  7na  gif  C.  he  was 
not  tainted  with  any  spot  or  blemish, 
nothing  could  be  laid  to  his  charge;  to 
infect  with  disease ;  rarely  in  a  good  sense: 
dri  sna-fsogs-Kyis  legs -par  bsgos-pa  Sig. 
well  anointed  with  salves  and  perfumes. 

qsc'q'  bsgrdn-ba  1.  to  enumerate,  count 
^         up  (?)  Cs.  —  2.  to  cause  to  grow 

cold  Lexx. 

^§!^'^'  bsgrdd-pa  Lexx.  =  bgrddr-pa. 


r^na  1.  the  letter  ^,  sounded  as  a  nasal 
guttural,  the  English  ng  in  singing,  in 
the  Tibetan  language  often  the  initial  let- 
t>er  of  a  word.  —  2.  as  numerical  figure: 
4.  —  3.  as  numeral  adjective  =  Ind-bcu^ 
in  the  numbers  51 — 59. 
r--  wa,  pers.  pron.,  first  person  sing,  and 
pi.    I,  we,  the   usual  word  in  familiar 


speech;  nai  my,  our;  mine,  ours;  na  mi 
rgan  old  man  that  I  am  Mil.\  na  rgyalr 
po  sroh-btsan-sgaTn-po  dun  with  me,  king 
Srongtsangampo  Glr.;  bld-ma  iia  I,  the 
Lama  Mil.\  de  mi  rgan  nai  Kd-la  nyon 
listen  to  my  word  as  that  of  an  old  man 
Mil.;  nai  ^di  this  my  (doing)  Glr.';  nai 
rje-btsun  my  honoured  masters!  MU.;  nai 


125 


C^P^*"  na-rgydl 

yidn^&h  my  dearest!  ftt.;  na-rdn  I  my 
self,  esp.  col.  very  frq.;  *na  rdn-ka*  Ts.^ 
*na  tsog*  Uy  na  nyidy  na  Ud-na^  na  bdag  (?), 
norio  (??)  Cs.  id.;  na  rdn-gi  yah  moreover, 
what  concerns  my  own  affairs  MiL  Distinct 
expressions  for  the  pi.  we  are:  nd-cag  B. 
and  C;  *nd'2:a*  W.,  "nd-ya*  Bal;  in  W. 
*nd-^a*  seems  to  be  used  in  an  exclasive 
sense :  I  and  my  people,  i.e.  excluding  you 
or  the  person  or  persons  addressed,  so  that 
when  Europeans  use  it  in  Ld.  or  LA.,  in 
addressing  their  hearers,  meaning  to  include 
themselves  (all  of  us,  we  and  you),  they  are 
generally  misunderstood;  *na  dan*  *he  or 
those  with  me',  is  said  to  be  used  in  a  si- 
milar manner;  *7ia  dan  nyis*  both  of  us; 
na-maTns  we  Cs,  Synonyms  are:  ned,  noSy 
bdaff^  *U(hbo* ;  and  han^  nOy  dno^  dnos^  nogs 
may  prob.  bederived  from  the  same  root. 
C3PI'  wtt-^S'^a^  ('I  the  first')  pride,  arro- 
^  gance,  frq.;  norrgydl  skyid-pa  to  be 
proud  DzL;  ycag-pa  to  break  (another's 
pride),  to  humble,  humiliate  MiL;  na-^gydl- 
can  proud;  W.  also  naughty,  of  children. 
r'r;r  na-nur  a  species  of  duck,  v.  nur-ba; 

\»      perh.  Anas  casarca. 
r'n*  wd-io,  rarely  for  hdn-pa*^  dri  nd-ba 

stench  Stg,;  cf.  nydTn-na-bay  yd-na-ba, 
r-;^  nd-ra  (cf.  nad)  air,  na  gdns-hyi  nd- 

ras  mi  jigs  I  am  not  afraid  of  the 
air  of  glaciers  MiLy  *nd'ra  ddn-mo  ra^y 
idmrpo  rag*  W.  I  perceive  the  air  to  be 
cold,  to  be  mild ;  esp.  cold  air,  nd-ra-can 
fresh,  cold. 
r-1^  hd-^o  a  loud  voice,  a  cry,  kye-hud-kyi 

nd-ro  JM-pa  to  raise  woeful  cries 
Pth.]  skdd'kyi  nd-ro  cin-pos  bsgrdgsso  they 
proclaimed,  shouting  at  the  top  of  their 
voices  Pth.;  s^-gei  nd-ro  the  loud  voice, 
the  roaring,  of  a  lion  MiL;  ydug-pai  nd- 
ro  prob.  voices  foreboding  mischief  MiL; 
the  roar,  roaring,  rushing,  of  waves  etc.; 
nd-ro  sgr6g-pa  to  roar,  to  rage;  in  a  rela- 
tive sense:  skdd-kyi  nd-^^o  drag-idn  a  loud 
and  a  low  sound,  the  different  force  or 
effort  required  in  producing  it  Grram. ;  nd- 
ro-han  loud,  noisy,  roaring ;  a  crier,  bawler, 
noisy  fellow. 


CQ'  nan 


rzw  wa^,  sometimes  dnags,  resp.  ysuAy 
'  speech,  talk,  word,  ndg-gi  nyes-pa  sins 
committed  v^dth  the  tongue,  in  words,  (rcfeww, 
prd-may  tsig-rtsuby  prob.  also  kydl-ka);  iiag- 
gi  Uid-mo  the  goddess  of  speech,  of  elo- 
quence ,  Sarasvati ;  ndg  -  gi  dban  -  pyug  = 
^am^dbydns  Manjusri;  nag  Jdm-po  kind, 
polite  speech  or  words;  na^-^jdm  smra- 
mUds  of  a  soft  tone  in  speaking  and  pru- 
dent in  words  Glr.'y  Sfnidn-pai  nag  bzin-du 
byed-pa  to  obey  the  words  of  the  physi- 
cian; nag  sddm-pay  nag  bcdd-pa  silence, 
as  a  monastic  duty  or  religious  exercise, 
resp.  Ysun-bbdd  MiL ;  fzan-gyi  nag  ycdg-pas 
not  doing  according  to  another's  word,  not 
obeying  him  Tan,  frq.;  nag  mnydn-pa  to 
be  obedient  DzL 

Comp.  nag-kydly  or  -JHyal «  kydl-ka.  — 
nag-^rdsy  smrd-bai  nag-grds  ^a  manner  of 
speaking  or  uttering  words'  Cs,  —  nag- 
rgyun  tradition,  not  recorded  history,  6s. 
-~  hag-rniydUy  snyan-ndg,  snyan-dndgs  1. 
poetical  expression,  figure,  metaphor.  2.  poem, 
piece  of  poetry  Glr,  —  nag-dbdn  1.  elo- 
quent 2.  p.  n.,  e.  g.  nag  -  dbdn  bio  -  bzdn^ 
rgyd-mfso  Dalai  Lama,  bom  1615.  —  nag- 
sby&r  arrangement  of  speech  Cs.  —  nag- 
tsig^nag,  —  nag-ldm  Iti-ba  to  apply  to 
a  person  by  word  of  mouth,  resp. 
^^  nan  (not  in  the  earlier  literature)  1.  the 
nature,  essentiality,  idiocrasy  of  a  per- 
son, the  peculiarity  of  a  thing,  sans-rgyds- 
kyi  nan  yin  he  is  (partaking)  of  the  na- 
ture of  Buddha,  Buddha-like  (correspon- 
ding to  our  'divine',  which  consequently 
might  be  expressed  by  dkon-mc6g-gi  nan) 
Mil.'y  st&n-pai  nan-nyid  the  essentiality 
of  the  vacuum  itself  Glr.;  frq.  used  only 
paraphrastically  or  pleonastically :  Un-ne- 
dzm-gyi  ndn-la  h{igs-pa  to  enter  into  me- 
ditation MU.'y  fttgs-mnyds  bHn^pai  ndn-la 
in  a  cheerful  mood  Mil.;  cdgs-med-kyi 
ndJi  -  la  ynds  -  par  gyis  continue  in  that 
passionless  state  of  mind  Thgr.;  ^igs-skrdg- 
gi  ndn-nas  Jii-ba  to  die  of  fear  or  anxiety; 
ndn-nas  in  general  is  used  nearly  like  sgd- 
nas  MiL  frq.;  character,  disposition,  ndn- 
bzdriy  nan -nan  Sch.;  hah-fsul,  and  esp. 


126 


aZ,'^'  ndn-pa 


C^  nar 


ncm-rgyud  id.,  nah-rgyud  bzdn-po  Wdn,^ 
dgi-ba  Glr,y  a  naturally  good,  virtuous  cha- 
racter; very  frq.:  narl-rgyud  rin-ba  for- 
bearing, longsufFering,  not  easily  put  into 
a  passion  Glr.\  not  easily  excited  to  action, 
phlegmatic,  cool,  also  *nan  rin-wa*  C\; 
even  na?i  alone  may  have  this  meaning: 
nan  ma  fun  don't  lose  your  patience  Mil. 
nt;  ndn-gis  adv.  not  only  signifies  spon- 
taneously, of  one's  own  accord,  but  also 
slowly,  gradually,  gently  Mil.  (so  already 
Schr.)  —  2.  dominion,  sphere,  province,  pa- 
rallel to  klon  and  dbyiiis  Mil. ;  *na  ma-si' 
kai  ndri'la  dug*  I  belong  to  the  kingdom 
of  Christ,  said  one  of  our  Christians,  in 
order  to  show  the  meaning  of  *fiaw*.  Hence 
it  might  be  used  for  expressing  the  ev  of 
the  N.  T.  (I  John  5,  6  and  many  other 
passages)  denoting  a  pertaining  to,  belong- 
ing to,  being  connected  with,  ndii-la 
^^g-pa  (bhdg-pa)  Mil,  and  C.  is  an  ex- 
pression not  explained  as  yet. 
--.^-  ndh'pa  1.  goose,  more  accurately 
ndn-pa  a  gander,  ndn-ma  a  goose 
Cs.  The  domestic  goose  and  the  breeding 
of  it  is  not  yet  known  in  Tibet,  at  least 
not  in  W.  —  2.  a  light-bay  horse,  an  isabel- 
coloured  horse  Ld.-Glr. 
rr-  ncul  1.  cog.  to  nd-ra^   air,  */uid'la 

'  skdmnbe*  W.  to  dry  in  the  air;  in  a 
general  sense  the  air  in  its  chemical  qua- 
lities, in  its  influence  on  the  senses:  scent, 
fragrance,  spds-kyi  nad  Iddn-ba  the  rising 
of  an  aromatic  breeze;  nad  yal  the  fra- 
grancy,  the  aroma  evaporates;  vapour,  Zed- 
nady  M-nad  snowy  vapour,  aqueous  va- 
pour ;  aromati  csubstance,  snd-nad  aromatic 
vegetables,  such  as  onions  Med.;  cold  air, 
the  cold,  coldness,  v.  nad -ban.  —  2.  W. 
(cf.  ndr-ba,  ndT-Tod)  severity,  roughness, 
*ne  nad  jigs  du^  he  fears  I  might  address 
him  harshly;  ndd-han  1.  fragrant,  fresh, 
cool,  W.  cold.  2.  W.  rough,  impetuous. 
^^  nan  1.  evil,  mischief,  misfortune,  nan 

^  chi-po  byas  it  has  done  great  mischief 
Glr. ;  esp.  harm  done  by  sorcery  and  witch- 
craft Mil.;  nan-dgu  every  possible  evil  Lt. 
—  2.  curse,  imprecation,  nan  J^ibs-pa^  W. 


*tdb  -  ^^*,  to  curse,  to  execrate;  miu  nan 
^dSbs-pa  to  curse  by  means  of  witchcraft 
Cf.  mnan. 

rx-q*  ^^^  'P^>  ^^^'  ^^^  %dn-po*y  bad,  of 
'  food  etc. ;  mean,  miserable  Dd.;  poor, 
humble,  low,  (prop,  rigs-ndn)^  nan-ldh  poor 
and  blind  (people)  Glr.;  lo  ndn-pa  a  year 
yielding  no  crops,  an  unfruitful  or  bad 
year;  of  men,  actions  etc.:  wicked,  nan^a 
Myod  ynyis  ye  two  villains!  Glr.;  noisome^ 
pernicious,  pol-ndn  pernicious  food,  i.e. 
poison,  resp.,  Glr.;  . . ,  la  ndn-du  f^ddrpa 
to  revile,  blaspheme;  mi-la  rndg  nan  Ud-ba 
to  look  with  an  evil  or  envious  eye  upon 
a  person  Glr.;  rdn-rnams  spyod  nan  byds- 
nas  dies  nan  zer  acting  badly  themselves 
they  speak  of  bad  times  Ma.  —  namr^^ 
nan^wn  v.  ^gro-ba  I.  extr.  —  nan-ndn  (a, 
mean,  pitiful,  very  bad.  —  nan-rudn  tsdm- 
gyis  cog  his-pa  prob.:  to  be  satisfied  witli 
any  thing,  and  be  it  ever  so  poor.  —  nm- 
ne-ba  bad.  —  *nan-p^  W.  meal  of  parch- 
ed barley,  roasted  meal.  —  ndn-so  'bad 
place',  hell;  cf.  ndn-^o  under  ^ffro-ba  I. 
extr. 

ndn-bu  C,  we,  eleg.,  =  Jdojr,  when 
speaking  humbly  of  one's  self. 

rjj'Bfpn'  nam-grdgy  Cs.  'torrent',  Sch.  'ditch 
^  '  filled  with  water,  water-ditch;  the 
bank  of  a  river  grown  high  and  steep  by 
having  been  gradually  washed  out  by  the 
current' ;  (only  this  latter  sense  of  the  word 
was  authenticated  to  me).  In  Glr.  Tibet 
is  poetically  called  ''nam- grog -bS\  which 
is  a  very  appropriate  name  when  render- 
ed: having  large  and  deep  erosions. 
--..--•--•  ndm  dur-dan  given  to  gluttony 
ND        '   and  drinking  Stg. 

CJPJ'^'  nam-ru  n.  of  a  disease  Med. 

C5J'*/W^  nam-hugs  reluctantly. 

^;^-  nar  1.  fore-  or  front^de,  forepart,  na/r- 
yddn  id.;  esp.  of  the  leg,  the  shin-bone, 
also  knuckle  ni  f. ;  lag-ndvy  rkan-ndr  fore- 
arm, lower  part  of  the  leg;  tye-^r  seems 
to  be  an  appellation  for  both,  (in  W.  *mfQ^ 
instead    of  it).  —   2     v.  ndr  -  ba   \.  — 


^W 


127 


C^Sj^- 


nar-skdd 


Q^/ied 


3.  termiD.  of  7ia,  'to  one's  self,  nar-^dzin  = 
bdag-^dzm,  selfishness,  self-interest.  MU. 
—  4.  liar  ^don-pa  to  set  on  or  against, 
to  instigate,  nyams-kyi  na/r  ^ddn-pa  irrita- 
tions of  the  mind,  excitements  Mil;  nyjam- 
ndr  Lex,  id.  (?)  —  5.  v.  nar-ndr-po. 
r:^wr'  nar^kdd  the  roaring,  of  lions  etc., 
^  '  ^don-pa^  sgrdg^a  Mil.;W.  *tdnrce* 
also  to  call  to,  to  shout  at. 

C^t^'Sf  ^^^"^^^-?^  hoarse,  husky,  wheez- 
ing, e.g.  in  old  age  Thgy, ;  nar^ 
mr  Jcun-sgra  a  hoarse  groaning  Pth, ;  nar- 
glud  hoarseness  and  phlegm  Medr^  gr^- 
ba  nar-ba  a  hoarse  throat  Med. 

C^'S3r  ndr-ban  v.  ndr-ba. 

Z,^im^  nar^sndbs  mucuS,  snivel,  (affords 
^         food  to  certain  demons). 

C^CT  ndr-pa  stalk  of  plants  Med, 

C^SfT  ^^•-p^^  W,  strong,  ferocious,  of  the 

tiger  etc. 
C^'q*  ^dr-6a  1.  strength,  force;  hardness, 

of  steel;  cold,  frost,  cold  wind  Mil. 
(of.  nd-ray  nad);  nar  yton-bay  W,  ^tdn-ce, 
cuff'C^,  Sch.  also  Jdud-pa^  to  steel,  to  tem- 
per. —  ndr^can  1.  strong,  vigorous  2.  tem- 
pered; ndr-ldan  id.;  sems  ndr-Jdan  a  strong 
mind  Mil.\  na/r-med  weak,  soft.  —  2.  (v. 
nar  1.)  a  sort  of  flap  (of  breeches). 

ZK^  ^^^'^'^  ^'  ■>''*l^l>l^7  passionate,  impe- 
tuous Sch.  —  2.  strong,  powerful,  e.g. 
a  powerful  protection,  Mil. 
zp^tx  ndUba  to  be  fatigued,  ti'red,  wearied; 
fatigue,  weariness,  resp.  ska  ndUbay 
or  fugs  ndl'bay  also  mnyil-ba;  nal  son  I 
am  tired;  spdbs-pa  nal  the  strength  de- 
creases Med.;  ndWlad-pay  ndMtcb-pa  in- 
tensive forms  o(  .nal;  nal  Jug -pa  vb.  a. 
to  tire,  fatigue,  weary;  nal  ysd-ba  'to  cure 
weariness',  to  rest,  frq.;  naUsUgs  a  rest, 
a  sort  of  cratch  or  fork,  which  coolies  so- 
metimes carry  with  them,  to  support  their 
load,  whilst  taking  a  momentary  rest  in 
standing;  also  any  bench  or  seat  inviting 
to  repose.  To  provide  such  conveniences 
for  wayfaring  men  is  considered  a  meri- 
torious act. 


C^' 


nas   1.   instr.   of  na.  —   2.  mi- 


na& 
Tar.  37,  16.  is  undoubtedly  a  typo* 
graphical  error,  instead  of  mi-nad.  Schf. 
has  left  it  without  an  annotation. 

C  ni  num.  fig.:  34.  a  "  ^      C  -  '^/M/ 
C  nu  num.  fig.:  64.      j 

>o 

C'fl'  ^U'ba^  pf.  ntiSy  resp.  hum-pa^  1.  to 
ND  weep,  2.  W.  also  to  roar,  used  of 
swelling  rivers,  not  of  the  wind;  Schr.: 
'to  groan  like  a  turtle-dove' ;  *nu  ma  nu^ 
W.  do  not  weep!  nus-pai  mci-ma  tears 
that  have  been  shed  DzL;  ga-cdd  nus-pa 
weeping  without  a  cause,  hysterical  weep- 
ing Med. ;  nu^ru  Jug-pa  to|  cause  to  weep 
Lt. ;  ^nvr^ia-god^  W.  weeping  and  laughing 
at  the  same  time;  hes  nus-so  thus  he  said 
weeping  Glr. ;  *i}u  dhd^wa*  (lit.  gi'o-ba)  C. 
to  be  sorrowful,  sad.  —  nu{-ba)-po  6s., 
nu-mUan  col.  one  weeping,  a  weeper.  — 
nii-sur-ban  Sch.,  nu-mUan  col.  a  child  that 
is  continually  crying.  —  nu-Jbod^  nu-rdziy 
W.  *7m-z^^  sbst.  a  crying,  howling,  lamen- 
ting. 

C.^'  nu-ru  W.  for  nxir-ba  1. 

rOTq-  nug-pa  Ts.  =  nur-ba  2,  to  grunt;  lo 
x>  '      snore;  to  pur  (of  cats). 

K  d^T  nud-Tftw  a  SOb  Ca.,  Schr. 

rx'ZT  ^«^^-^«  1.  sbst.  duck,  esp.  the  red 
No  wild  duck,  ^ifc^i^ft  Anas  caisarca; 

nur-ka  as  red  as  fire,  fiery  red;  nur-smrig 
yellowish  red,  safh*on  COlour,  the  original 
colour  of  the  monks'  habit,  though  not  the 
common  high-red  of  the  Brug-pa  monks 
in  Sik.  and  in  W^.  —  2.  vb.  to  grunt,  of 
pigs  and  yaks. 

C?^  nus  V.  nvr-ba. 

C'  ne  num.  fig.:  94. 

Pr-  ned  pers.  person,  first  person,  eleg. 
^  for  ria,  I,  we;  nM-kyi  my,  our;  ned 
ynyis(^-ka)  we  two;  ned  fsumQ-pd)  we  three; 
ned  spun  ysum  we  three  brothers  Glr. ;  nid- 
kyi  bu  -  ddd  mdzod  have  the  goodness  to 
become  our  foster-son  J/«7.;  sometimes  wa 


^VcM^ 


128 


CQi'^PT  neu-cag 


r 


no 


and  ned  are  used  promiscaously  in  the  same 
sentence,  so:  nas  I,  and  directly  after:  tied- 
kyi  OUT  Mil,  The  plural  number  is  specially 
indicated  in:  Md-cag^  nM-fso,  nid-mams^ 
fied-dag  Mil,;  ned-hag-maTm  Cs,  —  nedr-rdn 
1.  I  myself,  we  ourselves.  2.  I,  we  Glr.\ 
ned-nyidy  ned-Kd-na  Cb,  id.  (Ld,  %ad*). 
pQ-,gqr  neu-cag  Dzl.  WAi  11. 15.  is  prob. 
^  '  an  incor.  reading  in  ScA.'s  edition, 
instead  of  ^u-bti^bag, 

P^^-  ves'pa  1.  adj.  certain,  true,  sure,  firm, 
bddg-la  nh-pa  zig  stsdl-du  ysol  I 
ask  you  to  communicate  to  me  something 
certain,  i.e.  authentic  news;  nes-par  byM- 
pa  to  fix,  settle,  establish,  ascertain,  e.g. 
facts  of  chronology,  v.  Wdk,  chronological 
table  in  Cs.'s  Grammar;  to  ratify  Schr,; 
Jci'bar  n^-pa  yin  or  nh-so  death  is  certain; 
de  bden-par  nes-sam  is  it  certain  that,  this 
is  true?  Glr,;  mi  btub-tu  nds-na  as  it  is 
certain  that  I  am  not  able  (to  do  it)  Dzl. ; 
nam  Jiyer  nis-pa  Tried  it  is  not  certain  at 
what  time  they  will  be  carried  off  Glr. ; 
bdug  Kydd-kyi  bu  yin  nes-ma  if  I  am  actually, 
for  certain,  your  son  Pth, ;  pan  nis-pai  cos 
that  religion  which  is  sure  to  lead  to  sal- 
vation J/^7.  ;  nh-pai  ddn-las  gol  he  is  missing 
the  true  sense  Pth,\  mor-nh-pa  untrue  Tar. 
109, 17;  yndS'la  nes-pa  m^d-pa  yin  as  to 
abode  I  am  changeable,  I  have  no  fixed 
abode  Mil,;  also  nes-med  alone:  homeless 
Mil;  undefined,  nes-mid-kyi  ri-la  some- 
where on  the  mountains  Mil.;  sometimes 
it  is  but  a  rhetorical  turn,  like  the  Eng- 
lish evidently,  obviously,  bic-la  bh^a- mi- 
sis  nh'kyisy  as  our  son  has  evidently  met 
with  an  accident  Dzl. ;  btvdrmid  yin-du  nh- 
so  they  are  evidently  women,  they  do  not 
deserve  to  be  called  men  Dzl,;  also  sbst. 
certainty,  surety,  truth;  tse-la,  hag -la, 
liiS'la  hh-pa  Tned  (man's)  life-time,  word, 
body  have  no  certainty,  are  transient  Glr. 
Hence  i^s-pa-ban  real,  actual,  hes^orcan- 
du  really,  truly,  in  fact,  in  reality,  opp. 
to  deceitful  appearances,  false  opinions, 
wrong  calculations  etc.  Glr.;  hes-pa-nyid- 
du  adv.  1.  in  reality  Glr.  2.  truly,  in  truth, 
verily  Glr, ;  nh-par  adv.  1.  really,  certainly. 


to  be  sure,  frq. ;  sdig-pa  byds-na  imam-par- 
smin-pa  nh-par  mydn-ste  as  retribution 
for  a  sin  committed  is  sure  to  take  place, 
will  certainly  follow  Dzl.;  de-dra-ba  zig 
hh  -  par  ydd  -na  ii  such  a  one  is  really 
present i)2:/. ;  his-par  ci-ba  the  certain  dying, 
the  certainty  of  death  Thgy.;  bdag  nes-par 
byao  I  will  surely  do  it  Dzl.  2.  by  all 
means,  to  add  force  to  the  imperative  mood 
Tar.  16,11.  —  2.  often  it  is  used  sub- 
jectively, esp.  in  6'.,  when  s^ms-la  is  to 
be  supplied,  so  that  it  may  be  rendered 
by  to  know:  bden-par  heSy  rdzun-par  nes 
I  know  (I  am  certain)  that  it  is  true,  un- 
true; hes-pa  cer  vied  I  am  not  quite  sure, 
I  do  not  know  for  certain,  I  do  not  fully 
understand,  I  do  not  clearly  see  through 
it  Mil. ;  shns-ban  ^di  bddg-gi  pa-md  yin  nes- 
na,  if  we  take  it  for  granted,  if  we  try 
to  realize  the  fact,  that  this  being  is  our 
father  or  mother  Thgy,;  to  remember,  to 
bear  in  mind  *s^m-la  h^  fiib-bam*  C.  shall 
you  be  able  to  remember  that?  nis-ddn^ 
also  ydn-dag-don,  is  said  to  mean  immediate 
knowledge  of  the  truth,  which  may  be  ob- 
tained mystically  by  continued  contem- 
plation, and  is  opp.  to  drdn-don,  know- 
ledge obtainable  through  the  medium  of 
the  sacred  writings  Mil. ,  also  Lexx. ;  nes 
{-par)  Jbyun-(ba)  Mil.  frq.,  Schr.:  *deli- 
verance  from  the  round  of  transmigration', 
Sch.:  'to  appear,  to  prove  true';  another 
explanation  still:  'knowledge  of  one's  self 
is  not  borne  out  by  etymology.  —  nes- 
bzun  ace.  to  Lexx.  a  synonym  of  bmdn^ 
pa^  q.  V.  —  Tfes-(par)  Ugs(-pa)  Thgy.y 
'that  which  evidently  is  the  best',  is  said 
to  denote  deliverance  from  the  round  of 
transmigration.  Ch-^\'  '?^^^.  -  ^a\X^  ^ 

k     no  num.  fig.:  124. 

^  ho  1.  resp.  hal-hd  (cf.  hd-bo^  hor^  hos) 
face,  countenance,  air,  look,  as  the  ex- 
pression of  a  man's  personality  and  mind 
(rio  mdzes-paCs.y  and  hdn-pa  Schr.  are 
dubious),  bddg-gi  hd-la  yzigs-na/s  when  she 
(my  mother)  shall  see  my  face,  hod  kdr-po 
a  cheerful  face;  ho  ndg-par  ^dug-pa  to  sit 


no 


r 


129 


no 


with  a  sad  and  gloomy  lace  Glr,;  no  ndg- 
par  ^yuT'ba  to  grow  sorrowful,  to  turn 
pale  with  fright^  pain  etc. ;  no  bab  courage 
fails(me);  no  srun-ba  frq»  *to  watch  the 
countenance',  to  pay  much  or  even  too 
much  regard  to  other  people's  opinions; 
no  dziTi-pa  Mil.  seems  to  signify  the  same, 
and  no  cdgs-pa  the  contrary :  not  to  comply 
with  a  person's  wishes  MiL\  no  sprdd-pa 
to  lay  open  the  features,  to  show  the  nature 
of  a  thing,  to  explain;  no  ^pi^dd-pa  to 
understand,  to  learn,  in  later  literature  frq. ; 
no  ses-pa  to  know  ccap:  na  no  kydd-kyis 
ma  sh--na  if  thou  dost  not  know  me  MiL\ 
with  termin.  inf.:  to  know  (that  something 
happens);  to  find  out,  e.g.  by  calculation; 
to  perceive;  no  vii  ses-pa  1.  not  to  know 
2.  unacquaintance,  ignorance  3.  unknown: 
nd^ii^ses'pa-la  Iddh-ba  to  rise  before  a 
stranger;  nd-mi^ses-pai  yvl  an  unknown 
country  Th<fy,\  no  Itd-ba  Glr.  is  said  to 
signify:  to  submit  (vb.  n.);  *no  Un-c^  W. 
to  beg  pardon,  cf.  nos  bldn-ba;  no  Iddg- 
pa  or  Ug-pa  to  turn  away,  always  fig.  = 
to  desert,  Jidr-bai  yul  no  ISg-na  if  you 
will  desert,  get  rid  of,  the  land  of  trans- 
migration; more  frq.:  no -log  byid-pa  to 
revolt,  rebel,  rtsdm-pa  to  bring  about  a 
revolt,  no^ldg-^mUan  mutineer,  agitator,  r'to- 
Ug-^an  seditious,  faithless,  no  zldg-pa  ccg. 
to  oppose,  resist,  not  comply  with  a  person's 
wish  Dzl.  —  2.  side,  like  nos^  esp.  W.:  *'a 
no 'la  %on*  he  has  gone  to  that  side,  in 
that  direction;  ^sdm-pa  'a  no  H  nd-a  son* 
he  is  absent,  inattentive.  —  3.  self,  the 
thing  itself,  cf.  nd^bo  and  nos;  v.  Jdl-ha\ 
also  sbst.  the  self,  the  I,  no-fsdb  the  re- 
presentative of  the  I;  c£  also  no-cen.  — 
4.  likelihood,  prospect  of,  c.  genit.  inf.  or 
root,  Jcyir-bai  no  a  probability  of  its  being 
taken  away;  bu  big  Jbyun  no  ce  a  great 
chance  of  (getting)  a  son.  —  5.  (also 
nos)  a.  the  waxing  and  waning  moon,  with 
regard  to  shape;  one  half  of  the  lunar 
month  with  regard  to  time,  yar-no  the 
former,  mar  -  no  the  latter  half;  ydr  -  no 
zla  Itar  like  the  crescent  moon.  b.  in  a 
special  sense  the  increasing  moon,  or  the 


first  half  of  the  month;  thus  vulgo;  so 
also  in  B.:  zld-ba  dgu  no  bcu  lon-pa-na 
Glr.,  no  bcu-naSy  zld-ba  no  bcu-na  Pth.  in 
the  first  half  of  the  tenth  month  (to  denote 
the  duration  of  pregnancy). 

Comp.  and  deriv.  no  dkar  v.  above  1. 
—  nO'lkog  prop,  adj.:  public  and  private, 
open  and  secret,  but  it  is  generally  used 
as  a  synonym  of  zol  or  rdzun,  fraud,  im- 
posture, deceit,  eye-service.  It  may  be  ex- 
plained by  its  contrary:  nd-med  Ucog-med 
acting  in  the  same  manner  in  public  as 
in  private  life,  the  open  and  the  secret 
conduct  being  alike  Mil.  (cf,  nos).  —  wo- 
can  natural  (?)  Cs.  —  no-cin  ('the  greater 
self),  a  man  of  influence  interceding  for 
another  person,  an  intercessor;  no-cen  byid- 
pa  to  intercede  Glr. ;  mi-la  no- cm  ^cdl-ba 
to  use  a  person  as  negotiator,  to  make 
inquiries  through  him  Glr.  (Sch.  incorr.)  — 
no-rtdg  W.  1.  (like  nh-pa  oi  B.)  certain, 
e.g.  *n0'tdg  U-c^  to  know  for  certain.  2. 
(like  diiosy  yan-dag-pa)  real,  actual;  true, 

genuine,  */?«/  yin-na  no-tdg  yin*  is  it 
counterfeit  or  genuine?  illusion  or  reality? 
^no-tdg  sdd-Uan*  the  actual  murderer,  he 
who  really  occasioned  the  death.  —  *^d- 
stodrlian  W.  he  who  praises  another  to  his 
face,  a  flatterer.  —  no-ndg  v.  above  1.  — 
7'i6-  bo  -  nyidy  entity ,  no -bo-  nyid  -  mid -pa 
non-entity  Tar.  90,2.;  essence,  nature,  sub- 
stance, e.g.  shns-kyi  MU.;  character  Was. 
(278. 294);  marrow,  main  substance,  quint- 
essence (=sny{n-po)  Glr.  and  elsewh.; 
rdn-gi  nd-bos  in  itself,  according  to  its  in- 
trinsic nature  Mil. ;  also  col.  *nd  -  bo  Ko- 
ran* C.  the  thing  itself,  opp.  to  a  surrogate ; 
no-bo  ydig  rtdgs-pa ynyis  Was.:  *one  quality, 
two  (different)  ideas'  (^Schl.  has  Iddg-pa 
instead  of  rtdg-pa).  —  no-Jbdb-pa  adj.  dis- 
couraged, timorous,  bashful  W.  —  n6-m>a 
ace.  to  Cs.  =  no.  —  iid-ma-yyog  C. :  master 
and  servant.  —  nd-mig  W.  boldness;  *n6- 
mig-ban*.^  or  *cen-po*  bold,  daring,  cou- 
rageous; *  nd-mig  cun-s^  shy,  timid,  faint- 
hearted W.  —  no-fsa  ('heat  of  the  face') 
1.  the  act  of  blushing,  shame,  nd-fsai  ynas 
shameful  things  Sch.,  Schr.;  nd-fsa-ban, 

9 


130 


£^pr  nogs 


^^'^ 


dnar 


nd-tsa-^es-pa  shamefaced,  chaste,  ashamed; 
nd-fsa-medrpa^  mi-hes-pa  shameless,  bare- 
faced, impudent;  *na  nd-fsa  ra^  1  am 
ashamed,  *Uo  nd-fsa  dug^  nd-fsorhan  du^ 
W,  he  is  ashamed;  no^tsa  byM^pa  to  be 
ashamed.  2.  a  shameful  thing,  Kyod  no-mi- 
fsa-la  no-fsar  byed  you  are  ashamed  where 
there  is  no  occasion  for  it  MiL ;  nd-fsa-ba 
to  be  indecent,  indecorous,  unbecoming, 
yul-du  Idff-na  nd-fsa-la  as  it  would  be  a 
shame  if  we  returned  Glr, ;  ycer-bur  ^*6- 
ha  nd'fsa  kin  as  it  would  be  indecorous 
to  go  naked  Pth,  —  ncHnifsdr-ba  v.  mtsdr- 
ba.  —  rid-rw,  nor  1 .  into  the  face  ScL,  e.g. 
skud'pa  to  smear;  rtsub^pa  to  say  rude 
things  to  another's  fac6  Tligy,;  no-rdn-du 
id.  2,  in  the  face  of,  before  the  eyes,  yhdn- 
gyi  of  others.  3.  by  reason  of,  in  conse- 
quence of,  des  bskuliai  nor  in  consequence 
of  a  summons,  of  a  request  of  him  Glr, 
and  elsewh.  —  no-hh  an  acquaintance,  a 
friend  (the  usual  word  in'Wl).  —  no-sd 
joy,  no^6  ^'bar  ^on  you  will  have  great 
joy,  you  will  be  delighted,  highly  satis- 
fied; sbyin^a  no^d  by  id-pa  to  make  pre- 
sents to  another  to  his  full  satisfaction  Mil., 
also  Tar.  211, 2.  —  no^riins  regard  to  the 
opinion  of  others,  an  aiming  at  applause 
Mil 

P^f^  hogs  1.  mountain-side,  slope  (cf.  nos); 
'  river-side,  banic,  shore,  rgyd-mfsoi 
Dzl.  —  2.  ford,  hi-ndgs  id.  C. 
g^jM-  n&m-pay  pf.  noms^  1.  lo  satisfy  one's 
desire  by  drinking,  Urdg-gis,  also 
Icrdg-las  Dzl;  ma  noms  I  am  still  thirsty; 
ndm-par^  also  noms-fsdd,  Juh-ba  to  drink 
one's  fill;  also  of  sleeping,  nyid  ma  nam 
I  have^  not  yet  had  my  full  share  of  sleep; 
fig.:  ids'kyi  bdud-rtsis^  to  fill  one's  self 
with  the  nectar  of  doctrine  DzL;  bltd-bas 
mi  noms  mdzh-pa  so  beautiful,  that  one 
cannot  gaze  at  it  long  enough,  frq.;  also 
bltd'bas  mi  noms  bpn-du  not  being  able 
to  look  at  it  sufficiently  Pth,;  noms{;-pd)- 
med(-pa)  insatiable.  —  2.  to  show  with 
design  (boastingly,  or  indecently,  e.g.  one's 
nakedness)  Glr.,  Pth.  —  3.  col.  for  sndm- 
pa  to  snuffle,  to  pry  into,  to  spy. 


px'  ^or  !•  V.  under  ho,  Comp.  —  2.  n.  of 
a  monastery  of  the  Saskya,  Wdk.  chro- 
nological table  in  Cs.^s  Gram. 

pj«r  nos  1.  side,  mdun-nos  front-side,  front 
of  the  body  Lt;  of  a  pyramid,  a 
mountain,  Utd-hos  southern  side  or  slope 
of  a  mountain,  side,  margin,  edge,  of  a 
pond  etc.;  rgydb  hos  yyd^-na  on  the  right 
hand  behind,  yydjs  nos  mdun-na  on  the 
right  hand  before  Glrr,  surface,  plain,  of 
the  table;  sai  nos  surface  of  the  earth  Cs.\ 
hence  nds^su  (opp.  to  Ikog-tu)  Mil,.,  *h(h' 
la*  (opp.  to  sbds'te  (^be-te*)  W.  manifestly, 
notoriously,  publicly,  openly  (cf.  tid) ;  side, 
direction,  like  pyogs,  W.  —  2.  a  thing  itself 
(cf.  ho   3),    examples  v.   under  ^dl-ha, 

—  3.  pers.  pron.  first  person  I,  we;  esp. 
in  Ld.  in  epistolary  correspondence,  eleg. 

—  4.  instrum.  of  no,  =  nd-yis;  nos  dzin-pa 
MiL  (dhos  dzin-pa  Thgy.)  vb.  1.  to  be 
selfish,  self-interested,  also  adj.  selfish,  cf. 
hos  3.  2.  more  frq.  to  perceive,  to  know, 
to  discern,  also  hd-yis  dzin-pa;  nos  zin-par 
gyis  Mg,  know  it!  be  sensible  of  it!  Thgr.\ 
with  the  termin.:  to  acknowledge  as,  to 
take  for,  to  look  upon  as  Tar.  189, 1.  In 
a  special  sense:  diagnosis,  discriminating 
a  disease  Med.  *ndh-ng  Idh-wa*  C.  (lit  ynoh 
hos  blah-ba)  =  *no  Un-b^  v.  *ho*  1. 

5CCTOI'5J<3r  dhags-snydn  v.  nag  (Lex.  = 

-——•—•  dhdn-ba^  pf.  dhahs  1.  tO  be  OUt 
^  of  breath,  to  pant,  to  feel  oppressed 

e.g.  when  plunging  into  cold  water  C,  bat 
esp.  when  frightened  and  terrified,  hence 
2.  to  be  frightened,  to  fear,  to  be  afraid, 
sbrtd-gyis  of  a  snake;  bes  dhdhs-nas  thus 
he  spoke  in  dismay  Dzl.;  dndrl-par  ^gyur- 
ro  you  will  (or  would)  be  terrified  DzL ; 
dhah-skrdg,  skrag-dhdn  great  fear,  fright, 
terror;  dhah-skrdg-pa  intensive  form  of 
dhdh-ba^  frq. 
-— -,Q^ -.^  dhan  -  Jin  -  pa  Lex.  not  to 

11^1       return  things  taken  away  from 
another. 
rrx'  dhar  1.  for  mhar.,    Sweet  M^  and 

^        elsewh.  —  2.  also  zXL-dhdrLtx.  w.e.; 


i^C^-'Sf  dniidrmo 


J'^ 


It>*-s.  •*>(>   v^-^  **-^  * 

f 


131 


SJC^HTi^'  mndg-pa 


Sch.:  order,   succession (?);  fsdr-du  dnar 
LejCy  Sch  put  in  order,  placed  in  array. 

^K'Sf  dnM-mo  =  niid-mo  Sch. 

rj^q-  d/m/  (coL  often  *muP)  1.  silver.  — 
\  2.  money.  —  3.  a  rupee.  —  4.  a  tola 
or  Indian  half  ounce;  dniil-gyi  fdg-nas 
dml  ysum-du  fob  he  gets  30  rupees  out 
of  the  ready  money;  d/ml-Ka  a  silver  mine, 
a  vein  of  silver;  dnuUkiigj  dnul^gyig  money- 
bag, purse;  rf4i/Z-?w  quicksilver,  mercury; 
dnul-dulrma  refined  silver  Sch, ;  dAul-rmig^ 
lump,  bar,  ingot,  of  silver  Sch.;  *nul'Zdn(sf 
W.y  C.y  silvered  or  plated  copper. 
fg^  dno  1.  shore,  bank  Lejcjc.  —  2.  edge  of 

^     a  knife  Cs. ;  fig.  rta-Udg-gi  dno  whip- 
cord, lash  of  a  whip  C.  —  3.  handle  of 
a  knifeC??)  Cs. 
frtxq'   dn6m-pa^  dnom-brjtd,  brightness, 

'  splendour;   dndm-po^  dndm-ban 

shining,   bright  Cs.;   Lex.  dnom-ii  very 
bright.    Cf.  vndTvwpa. 
rgir  dnos  1.  reality,  real,  dms  daii  sgyv^ 

'  ma  reality  and  illusion;  rgydl-bu 
dnos  the  real  prince  (opp.  to  a  spurious 
one);  proper,  true,  genuine;  positive  (opp. 
to  negative)  Cham. ;  personal^  dnds-la  ydd- 
pa  to  be  personally  present;  dnds-su^  resp. 
hil'dn6s'Su  bodily  e.g.  to  appear  bodily; 
^d-yig  dnds-su  med  kgan,  even  though  the 
^a  is  not  actually  written  there,  Gram.\ 
dnds-su  grub' pa  Tnid-pa  to  have  no  real 
existence  Th^y.  —  2.  Cs. :  pers.  pron.  I,  cf. 
nos;  dnos-^zin-pa  to  be  selfish  Thgy.'^dnoS" 
dzin  selfishness,  selfinterest,  dnos-dzin  yddn- 
gtfis  zin-pa  to  be  possessed  by  the  demon 
of  selfishness  Thgy.;  dnos-dzin-can  selfish, 
self-interested.  Thus  it  was  explained  by 
Lamas,  though  it  cannot  be  denied  that 
sometimes  the  version :  belief  in  existence, 
a  clinging  to  reality,  a  signification  equally 
justifiable  by  etymology  (v.  below),  would 
be  more  adequate  to  the  context.  —  3. 
Tar.  150,14:  thou,  you;  except  in  this 
passage  I  did  not  meet  with  the  word  in 
this  sense,  yet  it  may  be  used  so,  in  the 
same  manner  as  nytd  q.v. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  dnos-grub^  Ssk.  siddh% 


1.  perfection,  excellence,  any  thing  of  superior 
value,  e.g.  honour,  riches,  talents,  and  esp. 
wisdom,  higher  knowledge,  and  spiritual 
power,  as  far  as  they  are  not  acquired 
by  ordinary  study  and  exercise,  but  have 
sprung  from  within  spontaneously,  or  in 
consequence  of  long  continued  contempla- 
tion. This  dnjos-grub  is,  as  it  were,  the 
Buddhist  caricature  of  the  xctQia^iata  of 
the  N.T.  (v.  I.  Cor.  12,4).  —  2.  name  of 
male  persons,  col.  *n0'7*ub*  W.  —  dnos- 
ndn  having  little  flesh,  ill -fed,  emaciated 
Mil  —  dhds'ban  material,  real  Cs.  —  dnds- 
dad  true  faith,  opp.  to  blun-^ad  'a  fool's 
faith',  superstition  Mil.  —  dnos-sdtg  prob. : 
real,  or  still  eflFective  sin,  unatoned,  un- 
expiated  sin  Dzl.  ^?^  14;  or  less  emphati- 
cally: sinful  actions  in  general  QP^  15.  — 
dnos-po,  Ssk.  '^^^  ^,  thing,  natural  body, 
ser  dnul'la  sdgs-pai  dnds-po  Olr.;  matter, 
subject,  dgd'bai  dnds-po  matter  of  rejoicing 
Wdn. ;  goods,  utensils,  dge-sldn-gi  wearing- 
apparel  of  a  Gelong;  occurrence,  event, 
action,  dnds-po  sgrub-pa  to  bring  a  thing 
about,  to  set  it  on  foot  or  a  going  D2:/.; 
as  a  philosophical  term:  substance,  matter. 
Was.  (270. 294) ;  dnds-por  dzin^a  the  belief 
in  the  reality  of  existence  Mil.  —  dnos- 
ma  Cs.  natural  (opp.  to  artificial),  natural 
productions.  —  dnds-min  1.  the  proper  or 
real  name  for  a  thing;  so  Zam.  uses  the 
paraphrase  :^o-7/i/«cfn-^*rf«(fe-7wi/i,  in  order 
to  avoid  the  plain  expression  mjCy  which 
is  considered  obscene.  2.  noun  substantive, 
Chr.Prot.  a  newly  coined  grammatical  term. 

—  dnoS'Tned  Lea:.  =  Ssk.  abhava^  Cs.  im- 
material, not  existing,  Was.  (281):  not  real. 

—  dnoS'sldb  z,  real,  a  personal  pupil  Tar. 
often.  —  dfios-yii  (Lea.  =  Ssk.  miila)  the 
main  part  of  a  thing,  the  thing  itself,  e.g. 
the  subject-matter  of  a  treatise,  the  cere- 
mony itself,  opp.  to  sndn-^o  introduction, 
sbydr-ba  preparation,  and  eventually  also 
ryes  that  which  follows. 

3;T[^qrq'  mndg-pa^  pf.  mnags,  tO  commission, 

'  charge,  delegate,  send  (a  m  essenger, 
commissary  tic.)  Dzl. ;  also  used  of  Buddha's 
sending  a  Bodhisatva  on  the  earth  to  con- 


132 


5}C(3r^'  mhdn-pa 


^jL^r^'  mhdn^a 


vert  all  mortals.  —  mnag-yiug  a  servant, 
slave,  but  esp.  a  messenger  of  the  gods. 
j;T[^^q- 7w/idn  -  joa  to  curse,  to  eltecrate; 
^  mnan  bsffran-ba  Cs,  'enumeration 
of  curses';  hut  mnan  mibgranf  Lex,  w.e. 
$ICQ'  wwa,  resp.  for  (/6a/?,  might,  dominion, 
sway,  mna  mdzdd-pa  to  govern,  to 
rule,  la  over;  mrta  bmyh-^a  to  have  ob- 
tained power  Glr.;  mita  sgyur-ba  Tar,  id.; 
to  possess  (books,  knowledge  etc);  to  have 
mastered,  to  understand  thoroughly;  vina 
ysdl'ba  1.  to  name,  nominate,  appomt, 
rgydl-^or  a  king  Pth, ;  btsiin-mor  to  declare 
a  woman  one's  wife  Glr,  2.  to  praise  ('.; 
bkra-hh  miia  yzdl-ba  C.  to  congratulate.  — 
mna-fan  power,  might.  —  mna-bddy  ruler, 
master,  owner,  frq.  —  miid-ba  \ ,  vb.  resp. 
for  yod-pa^  to  be  (to  have),  rgydl-po-la  sras 
ysum  m/td'Ste  the  king  having  three  sons 
DzL ;  btsun-poi  sku-la  bsnyun  mi  miia  Idgs- 
sam  (1  trust)  your  majesty  is  not  unwell? 
Glr,  2.  adj.  (partic.)  being  owned  by,  be- 
longing to,  Dzl,9<^,  3;  having,  owning,  == 
dan  Iddn-pa,  frq.  —  miia-vidzdd  =  mna- 
bddg,  —  m/ia-zdbs  Glr,y  mna-^dg  Glr,,  mna- 

ris  Learx,  subject  to;  a  subject 

w-Q'^«f-  mna-ris  p.n.,  in  a  wider  sense 
the  whole  country  round  the 
sources  and  the  upper  course  of  the  Indus 
and  Sutledge,  together  with  some  more 
western  parts ;  the  Cashmere,  English,  and 
most  w^estem  Chinese  provinces,  where 
Tibetans  live;  in  a  more  limited  sense 
mna-ris  skor  ysum  denotes  Rutok,  Guge, 
and  Purang.  —  mna-ns-Mm-bu  C,  Cfid- 
ti/i*  W,),  dried  apricots  from  Balti;  mf'ta- 
ris  cu,  mna-ris  ytsdn-po,  also  yyas^^vi-ytsd/i- 
po^  and  rta-m^dg-Ka^bab,  the  principal  river 
of  Tibet. 

j;jrx'n'  mndr-ba,  W,  ^ndr-mo*,  C,  ^ndr- 
po*,  sweet,  frq.;  *vinar  ysum*  the 
three  sweets,  sugar,  molasses,  and  honey; 
cf.  dkar  ysum, 

S^CCU'  ""^^^^U  resp.  Uiums  (^)  WOmb;  mndl- 
gyi  dn-mas  ma  gds-par  not  con- 
taminated by  the  impurity  of  the  womb 
(so  all  the  Buddhas  are  not  born  like  other 
mortals,  but  come  forth  out  of  the  side  of 


the  breast);  mnal  dan  Iddn-par  ^gyur-ba 
to  be  with  child ;  mnal  mi  bde-bar  ^gy^r- 
ba  to  be  taken  by  the  labours  of  child- 
birth; mai  mndl-nas  byun-nas  rtdg-par 
constantly  from  one's  birth ;  mrldl-^u  idgs- 
pa  1.  the  originating  in  the  womb,  con- 
ception, 2.  the  foetus  or  embryo  Med,; 
m/idl-du  fdgs-pa  a  disease ;  mndV^-du)  ynds 
(-pa)  foetus,  embryo  Thgy, ;  mndl-du  ^  iug- 
pa  to  enter  the  womb,  relative  to  a  Buddha: 
his  incarnating  himself,  his  assuming  flesh; 
mndl-du  ^dzin-pa  Wdn,  to  conceive,  to  be 
with  child.  —  mndUKa  mouth  of  the  womb, 
orifice  of  the  uterus  Med,  —  mhal-ginb 
contamination  of  the  womb;  Cs,  adds:  ori- 
ginal sin,  yet  prob.  it  signifies  nothing 
more  than  mndl-gyi  dn-ma  v.  above ;  (the 
said  contamination  is  considered  to  extend 
to  the  least  contact  with  a  woman  in  child- 
bed). —  mndl'Sgo  the  canal  of  the  uterus, 
vagina;  also  in  a  more  special  sense  the 
extreme  orifice  of  the  vagina  Med,;  frq. 
without  any  immediate  physiological  refe- 
rence, the  same  as  mnal^  e.g,  when  the 
subject  of  re-birth  is  spoken  of.  —  mnal- 
fur  a  spoon  used  in  midwifery  for  ex- 
tracting a  dead  fruit  (in  the  artificial  deli- 
vering of  a  live  child  the  obstetric  art  in 
Tibet  is  rather  helpj^ei^  —  mnal  rUgs-pa 
abortion,  miial  rluK-par  byid-pa  to  cause 
abortion  Cs, 

^v^^^  mndn-pa  conspicuous.  Visible,  e.g. 
'  continents,  because  they  stand  out 
of  the  water;  more  frq.  fig.:  evident,  mani- 
fest, clear,  mnon-par  ^yur-ba  to  become 
manifest;  to  be  verified,  proved,  e.g.  gold 
by  refining  Dzl,  —  Tibetan  writers  regu- 
larly translate  the  Ssk,  abhi  by  mndn-pay 
hence  ^os  mn&n-pa  Dzl,,  and  mndn-pai  bka 
Pth,,  the  Abhidharmu  (v.  Kopp,  1.,  595; 
Was,),  mnon-pai  sde-snod  Abhidharma-pp- 
faka,  vmon  '  pa  -  Tndzod  Abhidharma  ko^a 
(v.  Bum,  I.  and  Was,);  as  a  vb.:  to  be 
evident,  to  appear  clearly,  bdhi-par  cis 
m/ion,  from  what  is  it  evident  that  it  is 
true?  Dzl,;  yndd-par  bgyid-du  mndn-no 
they  are  evidently  bent  on  doing  mischief 
Dzl, ;  mndn-du  byM-pa  to  manifest,  to  make 


^Ca'CT  mndn-pa 


133 


K"^'  rndn-pa 


public;  to  show  something  to  others;  Tar. 
24,  1  should  be  understood:  to  make 
clear  or  manifest  to  one's  self,  to  perceive, 
know,  understand;  mn&n-du  Jbi^n-pato 
disclose,  reveal  (secrets,  the  future)  Glr,; 
to  make  known  (one's  wishes)  Glr, ;  mii&n" 
(lu  ^yur^ba  to  be  revealed  pr  disclosed, 
to  make  one's  appearance,  rah-byun  ye-hh 
miidn-du  gyur-pas  as  the  self-originated 
wisdom  has  revealed  itself  to  us  MIL  — 
mh6n-par  adv.  manifestly,  openly,  evident- 
ly; often  =  entirely,  highly,  greatly,  very, 
mnon-par  rdzogs  W<t8,  (246)  complete  ful- 
filment; in  the  sense  of  'very'  it  may  also 
be  taken  in  mndn-par  dgao^  in  the  legends 
of  Buddha,  Hhey  rejoiced  very  much\ 
though  also  one  of  the  other  significations 
of  abhinanda  might  help  to  explain  these 
words. 

Corop.  mndn'(par)  brjdd^-pa)  =  abhi- 
ddna,  a  collection  of  synonyms,  of  which 
some  are  mentioned  in  Bum,  I.  and  II.  — 
mnon-rtdgs  proof,  argument;  sign  or  token 
of  the  truth  of  a  thing  Dzl  VA,  2.  — 
vin(m-(par)  rtdgs^-pd)  1.  a  clear  compre- 
hension Was.  (287).  2.  a  hymnlike  descrip- 
tion of  a  Lha  from  top  to  toe,  v.  also 
Schl.  260.  —  mnon-mfd  re-birth  as  Lha 
or  as  man  Thgy.  (Schr.);  also  n.  of  a  re- 
gion in  Paradise.  —  mn&n-pa-pa  an  Ab- 
bidharma  scholar.  —  mnon-spydd  Sch. 
cruelty,  severity;  Schf.  more  corr.:  witch- 
craft, Sdc.  abhieara,  Pth.,  drdg^po  inhon" 
spydd-kyi  las  Tar.  frq.  —  mnon-mfsdn  Lejc. 
w.e.,  Sch.\  an  evident  sign.  —  mndn-^par) 
sh^-pa),  re?p.  ml'yhi('pa),  Ssk.  abhijndy 
a  kind  of  clairvoyance,  gift  of  supernatural 
perception,  of  which  five  species  are  enu- 
merated, viz.  assuming  any  form  at  will, 
seeing  and  hearing  to  any  distance,  know- 
ing a  man's  thoughts,  knowing  a  man's 
condition  and  antecedents;  originally  used 
as  a  vb.:  to  be  clear-seeing  Pth.  —  mnon- 
mwrdu  1.  openly,  publicly  Dzl;  more  frq. 
2.  bodUy,  personally;  like  dnds-m,  e.g.  to 
appear,  to  instruct,  in  person  (Tar.);  to 
know  by  one's  own  personal  experience 
(W.). 


p-  rna  I.  kettle^lrum,  drum,  jidr-rna  ^.fiar; 
rdzd-rna  Glr.,  Cs.:  'a  drum  of  earthen 
ware';  rgydl-rna  the  beating  of  drums  after 
a  victory,  bdg-riia  at  nuptial  festivities, 
*lhd-na*  Ld.  for  the  king;  ^hih-na*^  and 
*zim-fta*  Ld.  a  morning  and  evening  se- 
renade with  an  accompaniment  of  drums; 
KHmS'kyi  rnd-bo  ^e  brduns-te  the  beat  or 
sound  of  the  large  proclamation  drum  (prop, 
law-drum)  Glr.  — 

Comp.  rna-sgrd  1.  sound  of  the  drum, 
or-  kettle-drum  2.  n.  of  a  Buddha,  =  d&n- 
yod-grub-pa  or  Amoghasiddha.  —  *na'ltd^ 
W.^  rha-rdeg  Sch.^  rna-dbyug  Cs.,  rhorydb 
Sch.  drum-stick.  —  rnd-pa  a  drummer  Cs., 
rna-dpdn  a  chief  drummer.  —  rha-lpdgs 
drum-skin.  —  rha-yu  handle  of  a  kettle- 
drum (the  larger  kettle-drums  being  held 
up  during  the  play  by  means  of  a  handle 
or  stick).  —  rha-Hh  the  wooden  body  of 
a  drum  Cs.  —  rna-s6n  kettle-drum  music 
Sch.  —  rha-ysdhs  (also  rna-bsans)  a  loud 
beat  or  roll  of  the  kettle-drum  Sch. 

II.  for  rna-bdn,  and  rnd-^na. 
pw  rnd'ba,  pf.  briias,  fut.  brha,  imp.  rhos, 

to  mow,  to  cut,  to  reap,  >«u,  or  h- 
tog  zdr-bas  to  cut, the  harvest  with  a  sickle; 
brtsds-ma  brhds-pa  the  reaped  com;  rnd- 
mUan  the  mower,  reaper.    ^^        ^  ^  ^  ^ 

F'SC'  ^^'^"^^'^  ^"i  ^ita-mdh*  6'.,  camel,  r/)a- 
)'s^b  male  camel,  rhd-w4)  female  ca- 
mel; a  camel  in  general;  rha-priig  the 
young  of  a  camel;  rhoHrgdd  a  wild  camel; 
rha-bdl  camel's  hair,  -k^^-  o    ^.t,   fo  ^       '^l' 

K'^  rhd-nia  \.  tail.  2.  in  a  special  sense: 
yak's  tail  MU.  —  rhd-ma  yyug-pa 
Sch.,  ^nd-ma  tdg-c^  (lit.  skrog-pa)  W.,  to 
wag  the  tail.  —  rna-ydb  1.  a  yak's  tail, 
used  for  fanning  and  dusting.  2.  rha-ydb^ 
and  rha-yab-yMn,  n.  of  two  fabulous  is- 
lands in  the  south  of  Asia  Cs. 
f  <5r<5^  ^/?aw-?(£^  Lex.,  C.  and  PT.,  contempt, 
^^  disdain;  *waw.?e»jA/-pa*  6'.,  *^d- 
<V*  W.  to  despise,  contemn. 

px-q-  rndn-pa  1.  sbst.  1.  reward,  fee,  hire, 

'        wages;  rndn-pa  mdn-po  the  wages 

are  high;  rndn-pa  sbyin-pa  or  ytoh-ba  to 


134 


J^i^'CT  r nob-pa 


f^'Cf  rhddrpa 


pay  wages;  to  bribe,  to  corrupt.  —  2.  in 
C,  at  present  a  kind  of  sacrifice. 

II.  vb.  to  reward,  to  recompense,  perh. 
better  brndn-pa, 
pjg-g-  rrtdb-pa  1.  (cf.  r nam' pa)  to  desire 

earnestly,  to  crave,  bkrh-^^hab-pa  to 
be  greedy,  to  have  a  craving  appetite  Lea;, 
—  2.  W,  col.  for  rnd-ba  to  mow;  *ndb'Sa* 
(lit.  Tidb-rtsva)  W,  grass  or  com  that  is  to 
be  mown  or  cut. 
pq«rx'  rhdbs-rva  Med.,   a  hollow  horn, 

'^    used  for  sucking  Sch, 
pj;rq'  rhdm-pa  1.  sbst.  (cf.  dnoni)^  also 

rnam-brjidy  rnom-brjidj  splendour, 
magnificence,  majesty,  an  appearance,  com- 
manding awe  or  inspiring  terror  (but  not 
=  awe  Cs,);  rndm^ai  nd-ro  a  voice  of  that 
kind;  rndm-po,  rndm-tan  adj.  bright^  shi- 
ning, grand,  majestic.  —  2.  vb.,  also  rhdms- 
pa,  pf.  brnarmy  to  breathe,  rhdm-pa  bde 
the  breathing  is  regular  Mhg,^  f rq  ;  rhdm- 
pa  fan  short  breath  &A.;  esp.  to  breathe 
heavily,  to  pant,  rhdm-pa  rgod  wild  puffing 
Med,\  c.  dat.  to  pant  for,  to  desire  ardently, 
srog  yddd-pa-la  to  be  blood-thirsty  Ma.; 
rhdm-pai  fsul-gyis  greedily  (devouring) 
Thgr,;  rhdm-can  adj.  greedy,  avaricious, 
covetous;  *za -ham-pa*  voracious,  glutto- 
nous, ravenous  W,;  to  rush  upon,  fly  at, 
throw  one's  self  on,  yidn-la  on  others  MIL; 
to  rage,  to  be  in  a  fury;  to  destroy  or 
murder  in  a  state  of  fury;  mi  pal-ch*  gnr 
rriom  (like  ffrir  ysod)  the  people  are  in 
numbers  murdered  by  the  sword  Ma,;  to 
call  out  in  a  rage,  tea  Urds-rham-nas  thus 
she  called  furious  with  rage  DzL;  rhdms- 
pai  (Jiro)-kal  an  angry  face,  wrathful  look 
Glr, 
fSI^  ''^^^'"^  height;  in  height  Glr,,  rndms- 

8U  id. 

J^?f  rhas,  V.  shas, 

^  rhu  pain,  v.  zug-rhu, 

Ffl'H'  Thijfb'pa^  pf.  (b)rhvhsy  fut.  brhvh, 
NO  imp.  rhub%^  to  draw  in,  dhuga  air, 

anar  into  the  nose  Med, ;  to  breathe  Med, ; 
dbugs  rhtcb  mi  ^fon  (?)  is  mentioned  as  a 
sign  of  great  sadness  and  affliction  Pth, 


SQ|-  rhul  perspiration,  sweat,  rhU-hi  id.,C 
N:>  esp.  col.;  rhvl  ^du  Med,,  Jyuh  Dzl, 
rhul  -  hi  ^ton,  *yoh*y  col.  perspiration  is 
breaking  forth;  rhid  ^ddn-pa  to  cause  to 
sweat  or  perspire  Cs.;  rhul-ba,  pf.  brmd, 
to  sweat,  to  perspire  Cs, 
in-  rheu  1.  also  rheti-Hh,  rha-^h,  a  little 
^  drum,  diminutive  of  rha,  —  2.  the 
young  of  a  camel,  v.  rha-mM. 
'k^  rhOy  is  stated  to  be  a  kind  of  leprosy, 
covering  the  whole  body,  of  a  whitish 
colour,  itching  very  much,  and  contagious; 
*/io  j5o^,  gyah*  he  is  afiFected  with  leprosy; 
rhd-ban  leprous  (cf.  mdze), 
g^  rhd-ba  to  be  able  Gs.,  rho-tog-pa  id., 
so  Fouc,  Gyatch.  Tip,  9,  *n6b-b^  Ld,; 
Sch,  has:  rho  mi  fdg-pa  to  look  at  one 
with  uncertainty,  not  being  able  to  recog- 
nize; the  passage  of  MU. :  rho  ma  fogs  hjoh 
is  not  to  be  explained  by  either  of  these 
significations;  Lex,:  rho  mi  fogs  w.e. 

^'^^^^  rhd-bag-han  Cs.  v.  rhomrbag-lan, 

FTak'cr  ^^<^-^^^p«  to  roast,  fry,  (?)  Sch,  v. 

^       mod-pa, 
'^k^  Thog   1.  also  ze-rhdg,  the  hunch  or 

'  hump  of  an  animal  Lea;.,  more  esp. 
a  hump  consisting  of  fat  (like  that  of  the 
camel);  fsU-rhdg  the  fat  around  the  kid- 
neys, suet  Mil,;  rus-kyi  rhog  Lea:,  w.e. — 
2.  rhogQ-ma)  the  mane  of  horses  etc.  (not 
of  the  lion,  v.  ral-pa),  rta-rhdg  a  horse's 
mane,  dre-rhog  a  mule's  mane;  dretHrhog 
a  kind  of  stufifed  seat  or  mattress  Cs,,  a 
thick-haired  carpet  Sch,;  rhdg-han,  rndg- 
Idan  having  a  mane;  rhogs-cdgs  a  beast 
that  has  a  mane  Cs. 
g^'n*  ^^dd-pa  1.  pf.  brhos,  fut  hrhod  Cs, 
(perh.  erron.  for  brho)  imp.  rhodj 
rhos,  W.  *ho-de*  1.  to  parch  (barley),  ser 
tsam  (to  parch  a  thing)  so  that  it  turns 
yellovrish  Glr.  —  2.  to  roast,  to  fry  e^. 
meat  in  a  pan. 

II.  to  deceive  (ace.  to  Cs.  «  rhdn^ 
to  deceive  wild  beasts,  to  hunt) ;  to  seduce, 
esp.  to  sensual  indulgence,  bud^mSd  Lej,\ 
similarly  Tar,  39,  2. 


to'CJ'  rndn-pa 


ll^'J  It 


13^ 


§- 


sna 


Sjx'jjr  r non-pa  1.  vb.,  pf.  and  fut.  brnon, 
'  to  hunt,  pursue,  wild  animals  Cs., 
ScL;  to  fish  C  —  2.  sbst.  a  hunter,  hunts- 
mim  2)2:/.  and  i>^.;  rnon-pa-mo  a  hunting 
woman,  a  huntress  Cs, 

^^  rndb'pa  Ld,  to  be  able,  V.  rno-ba. 

g^-nSr*  rnom-h'jid  (cf.  rndwr^a  1)  splen- 
^  dour,  stateliness,  majesty;  rn^^m- 
bag-ban,  also  col.  ^nom-jig-ban*^  grand, 
majestic;  terrible,  of  a  judge,  of  terrifying 
deities.  (A  sbst  rn&m-boff  «=  mom-btyid 
Cs,  prob.  does  not  exist.) 
Qj-  /wa  (fia/.  VO>  five,  lnd-bcu(-fainr'pa) 
^  fifty;  Inor-brgya  five  hundred;  Iha-hbu- 
rUa-yhig  {W,  ^norbcu-na-big*)  or  nar-jrcig^ 
fifty  one  etc. ;  Ind-pa  the  fifth,  Ina-po  con- 
sisting of  five,  cf.  (ijfw;  Ind^ga  Cs,y  Ihd-ka 
Pth,  all  the  five,"  each  of  Uie  five.  The 
number  five  very  oft;en  occurs  in  legends, 
as  well  as  in  sacred  science,  v.  the  Index 
to  Bum,  n.,  and  to  Fouc,  Gyatch.  II.  un- 
der 'Cin^.  Iha  -  Un,  Ssk.  TI^T^Ti  ^'  ^^  ^ 
country  in  the  north  of  ancient  India. 
M-  9na  (tjp^  a  root  signifying  before,  SOOn, 
^  early,  rarely  referring  to  space,  and 
seldom  used  alone  as  adj.  or  adv.,  e.g. 
Dzl'  Tift,  8:  JlA'ba  ni  hd-bah  yah  sha 
€^-90  deliverance  (sc.  jfrom  existence)  takes 
place  much  too  soon;  ha  ni  fhfi-pa  sha 
brgal  ym  I  was  the  foremost,  the  first,  to 
cross  the  threshold  Glr.;  bstdn-pa  sha  dar 
bar  dar  pyi  dar  ysum  the  first,  intermediate, 
and  last  propagation  of  the  doctrine  Glr.; 
g6D.  it  is  used  with  an  adjective  termina- 
tion, with  postpositions,  or  in  compounds. 
Deriv.  shd-^a  1.  adj.  ancient,  belonging 
or  referring  to  former  ages,  rgya-ndg-gi 
rgydlrpo  shd-ba  an  ancient  king  of  China 
Glr,;  of  an  early  date,  long  ago,  .  .  .  las 
dd'Ua  shd-ba  ^dug-gam  is  it  already  a  long 
time,  since  . .  .?  Mil.;  2.  sbst.  antiquity, 
t}ie  olden  time;  the  morning;  =  shd-dro, 
Mil;  3.  vb.  pf.  snas,  to  be  the  first,  to  come 
first,  to  be  beforehand,  (cpi^dveiv):  rye-yi 
dai  mikm  ha  shd-bas  as  I  was  the  first  to 
see  the  king^s  face  Glr. ;  ^ran-fsig  shds- 
pa  yfn  you  were  beforehand  vnth  me  in 


disputing  Glr.;  *Ua  he  son*  Sp.  you  pro- 
mised it.  —  shd'bar  in  former  times,  for- 
merly, in  the  morning;  sah  snd-bar  to-mor- 
row morning  Glr.  —  snd-ma  adj.  1.  earlier, 
former,  preceding,  afore-said,  frq.;  sfid-ma 
sha -ma  always  the  anterior  in  time  and 
place;  shd-ma  Itar,  or  bzin-du,  as  before, 
frq.  2.  the  first,  the  foremost  in  a  series 
or  succession  DzL;  Iddh-bai  shd-ma  she 
who  takes  the  first  turn  in  getting  up  Mil. 
—  shd-mo  1.  earlier,  by-gone;  shd-mo-nas 
long  ago  MU.;  2.  W.\  tte  morning,  in  the 


mormng, 
*f6 


*md  hd  -  nio*  early  in  the  mor- 


mng, 'to -re  hd-mo*  to-morrow  morning ; 
also:  early  enough,  in  due  time  (opp.  to 
^pi-mo*).  —  snd-ru  v.  shar^  as  a  separate 
article.  —  shd-na  before,  previously,  (gen. 
siiar  is  used  inst.  of  it).  —  snd-nas  id., 
prop,  of  former  times. 

Comp.  shd-g6h{'nas)  adv.  before,  pre- 
viously, at  first,  a  little  while  ago,  just  now 
Mil.;  formerly,  =  late,  deceased,  sha-g&h 
yob  your  late  father  Glr.;  sha  g&h  bod-kyi 
rgydl-po  the  earlier  Tibetan  kings  Glr.  — 
sha-dgdhs  morning  and  evening  Sch.  — 
sha-shd  very  early  Sch.  —  sha-cdd  formerly, 
hitherto,  till  now,  up  to  this  time  DzL,  = 
shan-cddy  shon-Md.  —  sha^'tih-du  earlier 
or  later,  not  at  the  same  time,  e.g.  brds- 
so  they  escaped  Glr.  —  sha-  Itds  omen, 
presage,  prognostic;  also  the  fate  or  destiny 
portended.  —  sha-fdg  1.  forenoon.  2.  the 
first-fruits  of  harvest  Cs.  —  ma-dus  anti- 
quity, time  of  old.  —  sha-dro  the  morning, 
the  earlier  part  of  the  forenoon,  'the  time 
before  the  heat  of  the  sun' ;  shd-dro  ybig- 
la  in  haK  a  forenoon  Glr. ;  shd-dro  dgdhs- 
mo  morning  and  evening  Sch.  v.  above; 
sah  shd'dro  to-morrow  morning  J/ti.  — 
sha-pyiif)  SOOner  or  later,  like  sha-rtih-du 
V.  above  Dzl.  frq.  —  shd-rol  time  of  old, 
past  ages  Cs.;  shd-rol-tu  before  Tar.  (cf. 
shdn-rol).  —  *nd-fo*  W.  last  year.  —  sha 
higs^drhirpa  Cs. :  'the  accenting  of  the  first 
syllable'.  —  sha-sdr  early,  ma-sar-sdr  very 
early  Cs.  —  sha-sdr  1.  in  the  first  place, 
first  of  all, 'at  first  (cf.  rtih-s<yr)  Glr.  2.  an- 
ciently, in  old  times  Cs. 


136 


^S' 


sna-sno 


sno 


«j-S<  snashjo  vegetables,  greens  Th^y.  (v. 

^xayzy  ^^^Q-ff^y  also  snags-pa^  pf.  bsnags, 
^    '        fut.    bsnag^    imp.   s/iogr,    to   praise, 

commend,  extol;  to  recommend;  ^gro-bar 
snags  it  is  recommended  to  go  Wdn,;  bstod- 
snag" pa  to  praise,  to  sing  praises,  frq.; 
sndg'(pa-)po  a  praiser,  commender,  6  s.; 
snag-(par)  ^os('pa),  snag -Man  praise- 
worthy; praised;  also  n.  of  the  horse  of 
Buddha  Cs.  —  snag-jsdl  praise,  thanks. 
^m^  snags  (iTi|^,  also  \ITT#  &  TTn?) 
^  '  1.  incantation,  magical  formula,  a 
set  of  words,  consisting  mostly  of  a  number 
of  unmeaning  Sanskrit  syllables,  in  the 
recital  of  which  however  perfect  accuracy 
is  requisite;  hence  detailed  rules  and  in- 
structions for  a  correct  pronunciation  of 
the  Sanskrit  sounds  have  been  drawn  up 
for  Tibetan  devotees.  (On  magical  formulas 
V.  5wm.IL,  21,  and  note;  on  Buddhist 
magic  in  general  v.  Was,  142. 177,  Kopp.  II., 
29.)  —  fzum-snagSy  rig-snags,  and  ysah- 
sndgs  prob.  =  snags,  —  snags  sgrub  -pa, 
spil-bay  zld-ba,  C.  also  *gydg-pa*,  to  recite, 
to  pronounce  charms,  incantations;  ^cdn- 
ba^  ^dzin-pa,  to  carry  (charms)  about  one's 
self.  —  snags -kyi  f^g-pa  Tantray^na, 
Mantrayc/'na,  v.  Ug-pa,  —  shags-pa,  shdgs- 
mUan*  one  versed  in  charms  and  their 
use,  i.e.  in  orthodox  and  legitimate  magic, 
as  contained  in  the  sacred  books  of  religion. 
Opposed  to  this  are  han-shdgs^  rian-sha^s- 
vilxan,  diabolical  sorcerers  and  necroman- 
cers, and  also  common  swindlers,  jugglers, 
conjurers,  fortune-tellers  etc.  —  2.  praise, 
encomium  Cs,  ^^^  * ^^N'U  . C  a^  ^^.^  i— 


SC^  snans  =  dnans,  v.  dndn-ba  Glr,,  PtJi, 

Kj^  siian^  for  sna,  snon,  e.g.  siian  -  cad, 
^^  formerly,  before,  previously,  beforehand, 

opp.  to  now  Mil,;  snan-cdd  fd-Jsams-pa 
bzdd-par  ysol  pardon  our  former  scoffing 
MU,;  esp.  W,:  *ndn-la*  for  sndn-la^  snar^ 
before,  previously;  *ndn-ma*  for  s/td-ma, 
*ndn-me  gydl-po*  the  former  or  last  king, 
*ndn-ma  ndh-tar*  just  as  before. 
S«3r^'  shdn-bu  a  medicinal  herb,   Wdn. 


sjx*  snar,  prop,  snd-ru,  before,  beforehand, 
^  previously,  formerly,  at  first;  shar  de 
byds-pai  ^og-tu  not  until  that  has  been 
previously  done  DzL;  snar  med-pa,  snar 
ma  byds-pa^  shar  ma  skyis-pa  what  has 
not  existed,  or  has  not  been  done  before, 
where  we  only  say  new,  frq.;  shar  hm 
get  up  first!  Dzl.;  shdr-bas  kyanQhag-pdr) 
still  more  so  than  formerly,  frq. ;  shdr-gyi 
what  has  been  hitherto  in  use,  frq. ;  shar- 
gyi  yi-ge  myin-pa-mcmis  the  old  writings 
of  antiquity  Glr.;  shar  yin-na  adv.  =-8n^ 
Mil,;  snar  Itar,  shar  biin  as  before;  shar- 
nas  from  before,  from  former  times  Mil.; 
also  with  reference  to  space:  foremost, 
ahead,  in  advance,  on,  onward,  joined  to 
verbs  of  motion  Dzl;  shdr-ba  the  former, 
first-mentioned  (?).  In  the  sense  of  a  post- 
position (c.  accus.)  shar  is  used  but  seldom, 
as  far  as  I  know  only  in  spyan-shdr, 
R^xr^r  sndr-ma  intelligent,  quick  of  appre- 
^  hension  Sch, 

«j^-  shas  a  bolster,  pillow,  cushion;  yo^ydd 
^  shds-su  ojug^a  Glr.,  C.  col.  *yo-jhe^' 
la  ne  cug-pa*  using  the  luggage  as  a  piUow; 
shas-stdn,  shas-J>6l,  resp.  dbu-shds  pillow; 
rgyab-shds  a  cushion  for  the  back;  shaS" 
mdl  a  couch  constructed  of  pillows  or 
cushions;  snas-^pdns  (?)  pillow,  cushion  Cs.\ 
W.  *nye*  for  *shas*. 

S^^'    snds-pa  v.  sha-ba, 

xj^  shun,  col.  for  shon;  shun-la  c.  genit. 
>fe  '  before,  ago,  like  gdh-du;  ^dd-wa  nyis' 
si  htcn-la*  two  months  ago;  *hitn-la  son^ 
he  walked  in  advance,  or  ahead;  *nw»- 
ma*  former,  last;  *hun-ma-za^  W,  two 
days  before  yesterday,  *yan  hun-za^  three 
days  before  yesterday. 

S^^  shur-ba  to  snore  Lex,  (cf.  nur-ba). 

sheu  Lea.,   Cs.:  a  kind  of  pulse  or 
pease ;  Sch,  =  monsran,  v.  greu. 

rsho,  a  root  signifying  blue  or  green;  as 
sbst.  plant,  herb,  vegetable,  greens  MU.; 
sho  skye-na  when  it  is  getting  green  or 
verdant. 

Comp.  sho-skyd  blue  bice,  pale  blue,  e.g. 


fq- 


137 


sno- 


R^^^"  hrhdd-pa 


the  skin  of  emaciated  persons  Med,\  *no 
gyan-ffydn*  W.  greenish-yellow  (spelling 
dabioas).  —  snchsgd  officinal  herb,  Wdn, 
(green  ginger?)  —  sno-^md  v.  nod,  —  sno-- 
Ijdn  bluish  green.  —  sno-tdg  Schr.  'unripe, 
sour,  of  fruits' (?);  more  corr.:  green,  un- 
ripe fruits.  —  snO' dregs  green  mud  or 
mire  Sch,  —  sno-ndg  deep  blue.  —  snd-ba 
\.  vb.  to  get  green,  verdant;  2.  adj.,  also 
sno-boy  more  frq.  sndn-pOy  sndnino  blue, 
green,  also  used  of  the  livid  colour  of  dis- 
eased or  famished  people  Glr,  —  sno-smdn 
a  medicinal  herb.  —  snch-fsdd  vegetables; 
herbs.  —  sno-ld  the  leaf  of  a  plant;  6s.: 
^snO'ld  Jcdr^ba  to  become  notorious'.  — 
mo-sdm  pale  blue  e.g.  of  the  sky;  sno- 
Bdns-ma  night  Sch, 

K^q-  snd-bay  Cs,  also  sAdd-pa^  pf.  bsrios, 
^  fut.  bsnOy  imp.  snosy  1.  to  become  green 
Cs.  —  2.  (L^.  irPcTrr'T?)  ^  bless,  *wo-?/?a 
gydb^de*  W,,  though  in  most  cases  as  a 
requital  for  a  present  given;  DzL  :?V5,  16: 
to  bless,  to  pronounce  a  benediction,  hence 
also  in  litanies  the  words  of  the  priest 
seem  to  be  indiscriminately  called  snd-ba^ 
whereas  the  responses  of  the  congregation 
of  monks  are  termed  mfun-^gyur;  gene- 
rally: to  dedicate,  devote,  e.g.  one's  pro- 
perty to  the  dkon-mcdg  ysum^  i.e.  in  reality 
to  the  priesthood;  dgi-ba  ^ro-di^  ddn- 
du  snoSy  to  devote  alms,  charitable  gifts, 
to  the  (temporal  and  eternal)  welfare  of 
beings.  Mil;  also  to  design,  to  intend,  «d- 
la  bmds-pai  yyu  the  turkois  intended  for 
me  (by  you)  M?.;  Dzl  TV^y  3:  sd-la 
Mn-iu  dan  rin-po-ih^  bsnds-nas  rtse-ba, 
fancying  the  earth  to  consist  of  cottages 
and  jewels,  and  thus  playing  with  it. 
^n'O'  sndg-pa  Leaa,y  prob.  pf.  bsnogs, 
^  '  fut.  bsnog,  imp.  snogs ,  to  VOX,  to 
annoy;  cf.  skycHndgs^  skyo-sndgs, 
^^  snon  =  sna  and  snaUy  formerly,  before, 
^  previously;  snon  fds-na  having  formerly 
heard  DzL ;  snon  mdn-du  flyer  yan  although 
you  have  taken  a  good  deal  with  you  be- 
fore; snon  ^ddS'pai  or  byun-bai  dus-na 
in  by-gone  times,  frq.;  snon  btom-ldan- 
^dds  a  former  Buddha  Glrr,  snon  mi  dbul- 


po  de  this  man  formerly  poor  DzL ;  bddg- 
las  snon  bddg-gi  pa  my  father  before  me 
(has  . . .);  sndn-gyi  adj.  former,  last;  sndn- 
ma  the  former  (when  two  persons  or  things 
are  spoken  of),  STidn-ma-mams  the  former 
(persons  or  things)  Glrr,  beginning,  Iha-fcdn 
)ig'pai  sndn-ma  Ikd-sa-la  byds-te  making 
a  beginning  with  the  destruction  of  the 
temples  in  Lhasa  Glr.;  snon-du  adv.  and 
postp.,  before,  at  the  head,  in  advance,  in 
the  front  of,  sndn-du  ^grd-ba  to  go  before 
or  in  advance,  to  precede,  also  of  words 
and  letters;  sndn-du  o^ug-pa  to  put  or 
place  before,  Gram.\  sndn-la^ sndn-du: 
sn(hi'la  son  walk  first!  Mil.;  st&n-pai  sndn- 
du  (he  died)  before  the  Teacher  (Buddha) 
Tar. ;  sooner,  earlier,  before  the  time  sup- 
posed, sndn-la  tsdr-ro  they  were  first  in 
finishing  (their  task)  Glr.;  ^o-nd  sndn-la 
^di  pul  big  oh  yes,  but  first  give  me  that 
Mil.;  sndn-nas  from  a  former  time,  from 
the  beginning  MiL ;  snon-bzin  as  formerly 
MiL 

Comp.    snon-skyis  the  first-born,  eldest 
son.  —  snon-grd   v.  ^grd-ba  compounds. 

—  snon-cddy  snon-cdd  DzL^  v.  snan-ddd, 

—  snon- Jug  a  prefixed  letter  Grram.  — 
snon-dus,  snon-fs^  antiquity;  adv.  anciently, 
in  times  of  old.  —  snon-byun  Cs.  =  snon- 
rdbs.  —  shdn-rdbs  ancient  race,  ancient 
history,  antiquity,  ^TTHir-  —  sndn-rol  (cf. 
snd-rol)  former  time  or  period,  ma  ytdd- 
pai  sndn-rol  iig-tu  formerly,  in  former 
times,  when  (the  chair)  was  not  yet  trans- 
ferred (to . . .)  Tar.  —  dtis  nd-nih  s6n- 
bai  sn6n-rol-na  a  year  ago  (an  expression 
with  an  unnecessary  redundancy  of  words!) 
MiL  —  snov^-lds  former  actions. 

S5J'  snon^shOy  sndn-po,  v.  sno. 

snon-bu  n.  of  a  medicinal  plant, 
ace.  to  Cs.  poisonous;  in  Lh.  Del- 
phinium Cashmirianura,  officinal.  —  s/ion- 
bum  n.  of  a  botanical  work:  ^the  hundred 
thousand  vegetables'  Cs. 
^^^  brnd-ba^  v.  rnd-ba. 
^F^'Cr  ^^^^'P^  Sch.:  'ausziehen,   aus- 


reissen 


9* 


138 


^(3rCI'  brhdvrpa 


c;a^^ 


can 


— - -•^,  brndn-pa,  =  rhdn-pa  sbst.  G/r.,  ^51?^'^'  ^'*^'^"P^  ^  place  upon  a  cushion 

'       vb.  Lex,  ^          Sch 

MQ'^'  bividb'pa  1.  Sch.  =  brhdd-pa.  —  fl^n*  bsnd-ba  1.  v.  snd-ia.  —  2.  a  Uessing, 

2.  Z>^J?.  =  rndb-pa^  rnams-pa.  ^       cf.  mo-ba.  —   3.  Cs.  also:  mauMy, 

q«jQi-q*  bsndl'ba  to  be  faint  or  exhausted  rotten  (prob.  only  livid,   discoloured,  v. 

^           Cs.;  V.  sdug^bmdL     (J  zfi>i  8no), 


^  ia  1,  the  letter  r,  tenuis,  palatal,  like 
the  Italian  ci  in  ciascuno^  or  c  in  cl- 
cerone.  —  2.  as  numerical  figure:  5.  — 
3.  —  Ida  excrement,  alvine  discharges ,  ca 
^dor-ba  to  discbarge  excrements  Mil. 
^S^'  boriir  lark  Ld. 

^5^  da-tu8  warped,  distorted,  awry  Sch. 

5^  ^a-^(^  clamour,  cries,  8ny^»  fmn-gyi 
ba-bo  shout,  exclamation  of  joy /%. ; 
noise,  of  many  people  Thgy.\  da  cd-c6 
ma  zer  now  do  not  make  such  a  noise!  (so 
Mil.  rebukes  the  atrial  spirits);  chirping, 
twitter  6/r.;  cd-co-can  slioiiting,  bawling; 
talkative^  loquacious  Stg. 
^rx^  bd'dar,  also  tsd-davy  tsd-^ar,  a  sheet, 

^     blanket,  toga. 
y;C^'  ^^"^^"^^j  cr  di-n-H,   W.  *  car -pa 
ba-^*a-rd  yoh  du^^  it  rains  heavily, 
it  is  pouring. 

^A^'  ba-H  W.  bug. 

5*^'  ba-re  continually,  always  =  car. 

^qr  bag  termination  of  the  plur.  of  pers. 

'   pronouns. 
gqi'ymy  bag^h^m  cartilage,  gristle;  snai 

'  nT     bag-krum  bridge  of  the  nose. 

S^^Tj^'  bag-dkdr  W.  quartz. 

OTOT  cdg-^a,  C.  *bdg-ga  jM-pa*,  =  nyd- 
'  '  ra  byedr-pay  c.  /a,  to  take  care  of; 
^bdg-ga  ddg-po  jhe^  -pa*  to  look  after,  to 
keep,  preserve  carefully;  *bdg-^a  ddg-po* 
careful,  orderly,  regular,  tidy,  of  persons. 


S^rs^r    ^*^  ^(^'^^gt  ^%-pa  smacking 
'      ''        '       in  eating  Cs. 

mr^jrxr  bag-ber-r^  closely  pressed  or 
'  crowded,  in  standing  or  sitting 

LA. 

^^^  bag-rdo  =  bag-dkdr  W. 

jpp-'  ^'«w,  (v.  biauy  bi-yan)y  every  thing, 
any  thing  whatever,  ban-hh  knowing 
every  thing,  epithet  of  deities  or  saints; 
more  frq.  followed  by  a  negative  particle 
and  then  signifying:  nothing;  *ban  mi  sto* 
it  does  not  matter,  it  is  indifferent  (to  me), 
frq.;  *ban  med*  there  is  nothing  here,  or 
at  hand;  also  =  *mw  mi  sto;  ban  mi  ses- 
fon* ignorant,  stupid;  blockhead, simpleton. 

-j.:^.  baii'tiu  Glr.y    also    ban-ban^Uu 

(VTC)  a  sort  of  small  drum  Pth. 

jyr  baUy  affix,  adjective  termination,  prop. 
'  signifying:  having,  being  provided  with, 
=  dan  Iddn-pay  corresponding  to  the  Eng- 
lish adj.  terminations  -ous,  -y,  -ly,  -fill, 
e.g.  fser-ma-ban  thorny;  sometimes  also  = 
-like  or  -ish:  bdn-ban  Bon-like,  heretical 
Mil.y  hinnJu-ban  Hindoo-like,  Hindooish; 
seldom  affixed  to  verbs:  by^d-pa-ban  a 
doer,  maker;  in  C.  also  for  the  possessive 
pron. :  nd-bariy  ko-baUy  my,  his  (her),  *nag- 
gdn  sd-hib'ben*  the  Sahib's  inkstand.  It 
may  also  be  affixed  to  a  set  of  words  that 
form  one  expression:  fs^-ma  ndn-po-ban 
having  sharp  thorns,  sin-^ei  mgd-ban  having 
a  lion's  head. 


53r  ban 

jT-  baUy  po.,  prop,  bdn-^u,  postp.  c.  accus., 
^  to,  With,  Hon  cdn-du  mi  ^gro  I  do  not 
go  to  him  MU.^  Ptfi.;  na  tdn-du  with  me, 
in  my  presence  Mil.  The  word  seems  to 
be  rather  obsolete;  more  recent  editions 
having  gdn-du  and  drun-du  instead  of  it. 

Sgr^Or  ^«^^^  (?)   ^-  ^^  green  shell  of 
^         a  wahiut. 

^  '  ^  '  ^^  n^,  &A.;  a  small 
bowl  or  dish;  Cs.:  continually. 

55r^t'  dan-dvdh  green,  unripe  W'l  (?). 
53^?r  can-sa  (?)  kitchen,  fire-place  W. 

S^^  dah'bob  Cs.  nonsense  e.g.  smrd-ba. 

w*  mw  1.  Cs.  slow;  //^o'.  cdvi^yis  Jog, 

and  several  other  passages,  the  sense 

of  which  is  not  quite  clear;   cf.  ^am-me. 

—  2.  glistening,  glittering  (?)  cf.  Icam-m^. 

—  3.  W.  whole,  unimpaired,  *«a*  (lit.  lisva) 
*i'a7n-7n^  yod^  the  whole  store  of  hay  is 
still  left  (entire). 

5^qyaf  bdm-pa'td'lo  Ts.  mallow. 

JW'CK'  cam-pdd  Ld.  a  bunch  of  flowers, 
^  sprigs  etc.,  a  handful  of  ears  of 
com. 

«•  ^ar  1 .  Lea.  car-ri^  Cs.  ca-r^j  Sch.  also 
tar-^dr,  always,  continually  Cs.  —  2. 
also  caVy  Mr-du,  with  numerals,  esp.  ycig^ 
car  at  the  same  time,  simultaneously,  opp. 
to  one  after  the  other,  successively  (viz. 
domg  or  suffering  a  thing,  sleeping,  dying 
etc.)  Dzl.:  at  once,  on  a  sudden,  opp.  to 
gradually  Afil.;  Ihd-car  all  the  five  to- 
gether Thgy.^  j-nj/is'^ar,  drug-car  etc. 

5^^^^  bar-ras  v.  ^doms~ras. 

jpr  col  Cs.:  'noise,  bal-bal  id.;  cal-^rgyug 
rumour,  (false)  report';  cal-bdl  idle 
talk,  nonsense,  baUbdl  ytam  id.  Mil. 

5^  bos  Pur.,  V.  bes  2. 
5^5?^'  baS'bus  Sch.  «=»  ba-biis. 

No 

CS 

^  bi  num.  figure:  35. 


^bi 


135. 


^  bi  I.  interr.  pron.  in  direct  questions: 
1.  what?  (C.  gen.  gan  instead  of  bi)  bi 
hes  (like  the  Hind,  ^f  m^)  who  knows? 
col.  W. ;  also  pleon.  at  the  end  of  a  question 
after  the . . .  am:  na  nd -hes- sam  bi?  do 
you  know  me?  do  you?  Dzl.;  cii  of  whom? 
whose?  followed  by  yyir^  don.,  ced,  slad 
(-du):  why?  wherefore?  inst.  of  bit  pyir 
also  bi-pyir  etc.;  de  bii  pyir  i^-na  ^this 
wherefore?  (=^  why  this?)  if  so  it  is  asked'. 
(This  phrase,  besides  the  gerundial  particles 
—  esp.  pas  —  is  the  only  way  in  which 
in  B.  the  causal  conjunction  'for'  {Lat 
nam,  enim)  can  be  expressed,  and  in 
tmnslating  into  Tibetan,  the  English  con- 
juuction  must  therefore  often  be  altogether 
omitted.)  bit  J>rds-bu  what  sort  of  fruit? 
bit  ri  what  kind  of  a  mountain?  i.e.  of 
what  consisting?  Pth.;  bi  also,  like  an  adj., 
is  placed  after  the  word  to  which  it  belongs : 
tgyu  bi-las  for  what  reason?  on  what  ac- 
count? Thgy.  —  2.  why?  wherefore?  but 
only  in  negative  questions :  bddg-la  des  bi 
ma  iog  why  should  not  that  suffice  me? 
Thgy.',  bi  mi  sg^rvb  why  do  you  not  pro- 
cure.  .  .?  inst.  of  the  imp.  procure!  Mil.; 
bsdm-na  bi  ma  legs  if  you  considered  . . . , 
why  would  not  that  be  a  good  thing?  = 
you  had  better  consider,  you  ought  to 
consider  Mil. ;  frq. :  de  Jbyun-na  bi  ma  run 
if  that  happened,  why  should  it  not  be 
desirable?  =  would  that  it  happened!  oh, 
may  it  happen!  —  3.  how?  in  conjunction 
with  other  words,  v.  below.  —  4.  inst.  of 
a  note  of  interrogation,  e.g.  in:  c^'  piau, 
for  yndn-7iam,  )'h4gs-par  bi  ynaii  do  you 
allow  (me)  to  come?  Dzl.  c^T',  13;  ^nS,  5. 
II.  correlatively:  which,  what;  what- 
soever; every  thing,  much  like  gan,  q.v., 
esp.  the  syntactical  explanations  given  there. 
bi,  as  a  correlative,  ought  prop,  always  to 
be  written  ji,  yet  not  even  in  decidedly 
correlative  sentences  is  this  strictly  ob- 
served: bi  byed(-na-^a/i)  whatever  I  may 
do  Glr.;  bi  bgyi  bka  nt/an(-te)  ndd-kyis 
bsgrub  whatever  we  may  be  bidden  to  do, 
we  shall  obediently  perform  Pth. ;  bi  myur, 
also  bimyur  iig-la  Pth.  as  quick  as  possible; 


140 


|-S)$r  binlim 


^'  Hh 


also  bi  alone :  by  all  means,  at  all  events, 
spy  an  ci  dram  he  must  be  conducted  here 
at  all  events  Glr. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  ti-ffa  what?  col.  — 
M-dgar^  H  dgd-bar  whatever  one  may  wish, 
at  pleasure,  ad  libitum.  —  H  snyed  v.  myed. 

—  *H  ton*  (lit.  ytoii)  *li^  8ome,  something 
col.  —  bi  Ita-bu  of  what  sort,  manner, 
fashion,  quality  or  nature?  Lat,  qualis.  — 
H  Itar  how?  in  what  manner?  what?  da 
H  Itar  byaj  W,  *da  hi  cd-be*,  what  is  now 
to  be  done?  —  bi  Itar  gyur-pai  ytam  byds- 
80  he  related  what  had  happened,  frq.  — 
a-8te,  followed  by  na  or  (rarely)  te^  in 
most  cases  =  the  Lat.  sin,  but  if,  if  however; 
even  supposed  that;  sometimes  for  gdl-te, 
if,  in  case.  —  bi  sto  what  does  it  matter? 
si  yaii  bi  sto  if  he  dies,  what  does  it  matter? 
Thgy.  (cf.  bat'i).  —  bi-^dra-ba  similar  to 
what?  of  what  kind?  also:  of  whatever 
description  it  may  be  Glr,  —  bt-nas  from 
which  or  what?  out  of  which  or  what? 
by  which?  etc.  (BaL:  *bi-ne*  how?),  H- 
nas  kyan  =  bis  kyan  q.  v.  —  bi  tsam  hOW 
much?  B.y  W.;  bi  tsam  yod  kyan  though 
he  have  ever  so  much  MiL ;  bi  tsam  -  du 
how  far?  to  what  distance?  —  bi-tsug  Cs,^ 
col.  *bi-zug,  gd'Zuc^  how?  in  what  manner? 

—  bi  hig  1.  what?  what  a?  2.  some  one, 
any  one,  something,  anything;  bi hig-tu  dgos 
for  what  (purpose)  is  it  wanted?  DzL\  bi. 
h'g^na  once,  one  time,  at  any  time  Pth,; 
bi  h'g-nas  after  that,  afterwards  Ptii,  —  c** 
yan,  ci-ah^  ban  whatever,  any  thing,  all 
kinds  of  things,  *nul  yQ-na  fsdn-gyu  ci 
yan  yo*  C.  if  there  is  money,  you  may 
sell  any  thing;  followed  by  a  negative: 
nothing.  —  H  rigs-pa  adj  ,  H  ngs-par  adv. 
1.  in  some  measure,  to  a  certain  degree; 
in  part,  partly  Tar,\  2.  of  every  %^TiDzl 
and  elsewh.  —  bi-la  why?  wherefore?  Glr., 
W,  col.;  also  for  the  de  bii  pyir  ^-na  of 
i?. ;  further  it  is  used  inst.  of  an  affirmative ; 
e.g.  question:  shall  we  get  rice  there? 
answer:  *fob  yin;  bi-la  mi  fob*  of  course, 
why  not?  *bi4a  zu*  why!  well! 

5'S)3y'  bi'lim  {Hind,  A^  1.  the  bowl  of  a 
hukka  (water-pipe).  —  2.  a  hukka. 


^'5'  bi'tse  Kun,,  also  tsi-tse,  millet 

^qr  big,  enclitic,  a  modification  of  ybig, 
'  after  s  usually  changed  into  hig^  after 
vowels,  and  the  liquids  n,  n,  w,  r,  I  into 
^ig  (exceptions,  however,  in  provincialisms 
and  in  literature  are  not  imfreqnent)  1. 
after  nouns,  the  indefinite  article  a,  or  a 
few,  when  following  after  a  plural;  some- 
times also  untranslatable:  bttd-^mM-dag  big 
some  women;  mdn-po  Hg  many  (some- 
times expressly  opp.  to  mdh-po,  the  many, 
Tar,  7, 15);  gah  hig  v.  gaU;  a  little,  SOme, 
Ufi  iig  Ju-ru  ^ro  dgos  I  must  go  and 
pick  up  some  fire -wood  Mil,',  after  in- 
finitives: Urims  dart  ^dl-ba  zig  byM-pa 
to  commit  a  trespass,  to  make  one's  self 
guilty  of  a  transgression  DzL ;  fse  ^ds-pa 
grdifs-med-pa  iig  myah  he  suffered  innu- 
merable deaths  Z)r/.;  it  is  even  added  to 
numerals,  and  not  only  when  'nearly', 
'about'  or  similar  words  leave  a  given 
number  undefined  (jiii  Ina  tsam  zig  some 
five  people),  but  also  in  sentences  like  the 
following:  cu-mig  bzi  hig  yod  there  are 
four  springs  or  fountains.  In  all  these 
cases,  however,  it  may  also  be  omitted. 
The  numeral  for  'one'  ought  always  to  be 
written  ybig  and  never  bigy  but  prefixing 
the  y  is  so  often  neglected  (e.g.  in  fobs 
big-tUy  Ihan  big  etc.)  that  even  grammarians 
let  it  pass.  —  2.  wJien  affixed  to  verbs 
(to  the  root  of  the  imp.  mood,  or,  in  ne- 
gative sentences,  to  the  root  of  the  present 
tense)  it  is  a  sign  of  the  imperative.  In 
ancient  literature  it  is  used  without  re- 
ference to  rank,  whether  it  be  in  making 
prayers  to  Buddha,  or  in  giving  orders 
to  a  servant;  at  present  in  C,  only  in  the 
latter  way;  in  W.  it  is  of  rare  occurrence. 

§C'  3c'  §C'  ^^y  ^^^  ^^^  *  gerundial 
'  '  '  particle,  the  initial  letter 
of  which  is  changed  ace.  to  the  rules  ob- 
taining for  big;  it  corresponds  to  the  English 
participle  in  ing,  is  used  in  sentences  be- 
ginning with  when,  after,  as,  and  is  affixed 
to  verbal  roots  and  adjectives,  in  the  latter 
case  including  the  auxiliary  verb  to  be: 
ysdn-por  dur^du  bbitg-bih  but  ha  zd-bar 


No 

gyur-Hg  («=  bcug^nas,  or  bcug-sfe)  may  I, 
after  having  been  buried  alive,  be  obliged 
to  eat  my  own  son's  flesh!  DzL]  usually 
however  employed  in  the  minor  clauses 
of  accessory  sentences:  brds^Hn  gab -pas 
having  hid  themselves  after  running  away 
Zfei.;  frq.  also  where  coordinate  ideas  are 
in  English  connected  by  and  or  but:  hd-la 
zd'hn  Krdg^la  Juh-ba  eating  flesh  and 
drinking  blood;  ce-iin  Ugs-pa  tall  and  well- 
shaped;  drod  yndd'bin  bsil-ba  pan  heat  is 
hurtful  (but),  cold  is  beneficial  L^.  It  is 
also  used  like  the  ablative  of  the  gerund 
in  Latin;  nya  bhdv'iin  ^fsd-o  we  live  by 
fishing  (piscando)  DzL ;  and  =  h/in  (q.v.) : 
ri'la  dran-sron  byid-Hh  ^dug-go  he  sits  on 
the  mountain  acting  the  part  of  an  anchorite 
DzL ;  smre-sndgs  ^ddn-cin  ^dtuf  he  sits  wailing 
DzL ;  rah'dgdr  ^^o-hih  yda  he  is  wandering 
at  pleasure  J//Z. ;  ces  smrd-Hh  ydd- pa-la 
as  they  were  thus  speaking  ff/r.;  ?05  stdn- 
Hh  ydd-pai  fse  as  he  was  just  giving  re- 
ligious instruction  Tar,  11, 12. 

S^a'  cm-ri  n.  of  a  female  demon  Thgr. 

^;r    S'X'  <^^y   ci-ru,    termin.  of  ci,   1. 
'  whereto  etc.,  little  used.  —  2. 

with  yan:  everywhere  ^  in  every  direction, 
for  any  purpose,  by  all  means,  with  a 
negative :  nowhere  (so  at  least  it  is  to  be 
explained  in  several  passages  of  Pth.  and 

^«r  cis,  instr.  of  ci,  cis  yid-ces-par  ,^gyur 
by  what  am  I  to  believe  it?  what 
shall  make  me  believe  it?  whereby  Can  I 
know  it  to  be  true?  DzL;  cis  kyan  mi 
skrdg-pa  yin  he  is  not  to  be  frightened 
by  any  thing  D^;/.;  as  kyah^  and  H-nas 
kyan  frq.  used  as  adv.;  by  all  means,  at 
all  events,  at  any  rate,  cis  kyan  ^6  -  na 
if  you  wish  to  go  by  all  means,  at  all 
hazards;  da  Hs  kyan  gegs  byao  now  I  vdW. 
at  any  rate  play  him  a  trick  DzL;  bis  kyan 
bzes-pa  hi  I  beg  of  you  most  earnestly  to 
accept  it  MiL;  tis  kyan  slobs  never  mind! 
teach  it  me  at  any  rate!  Pt/i. 
^  cu  1,  num.  figure:  65.  —  2.  inst.  of  bcu^ 
^  used  in  compound   numerals    for  the 


141 


5^'  bur 

X5 


tens,  when  the  preceding  numeral  ends 
with  a  consonant:  sum-tu,  drug-du,  bdun- 
hc,  brgyad^hi. 


used  for  medicine'. 


5'mC'  ^^'9^^  Med.^   Ck:  'a  sort  of  lime 

^gv  iti-ti  (Jyhi'ti)  pig-tall,  cue,  worn  by 
Ns  ^   boys  and  men  in  Tib 


ribet  proper,  Lrf. 


boys 
and  Sp,    Cf.  cO'to. 

5'S|'  ^^'  ^^'^^y  ^^'^^  1.  TK  a  fresh  apricot 
Ns    '  —  2.  C.  dried  apricots  without 

stones.  —  3.  a  sort  of  wild-growing  vege- 
table Sik,,  C.  —  cU'li  tor-gir  the  pulp  of 
apricots  boiled  down  to  a  conserve  and 
formed  into  cakes  W.  —  bun-cu-li  a  kind 
of  peach  Ku7i. 

OTT^Snr  htg-biuf  =  cag-cdg  ScL 

^j--  cun  1,  (\  gourd,  pumpkin.  —  2.  n.  of 

NO  a  place.  —  3.  for  cuii  hig:  da  Uyod 
cun  ^yis-pa  yin  you  are  a  little  too  late 
now  PtL;  can  yo-ba  a  little  slanting  Gh\ 

sc'^cn-^  scs^-,  s^z:^  ^^-%'  ^^'^- 

xo  '  '  Ns  '  Ns  >  zady  cuh'Zad, 
a  little,  B,  and  C,  mii-ge  biin-zad  cig  a 
partial  famine  MiL;  buri-zad-kyi  pyir  for 
the  sake  of  a  trifle,  through  an  insignificant 
circumstance  DzL  97^^  15;  some,  LaL  non- 
nulla^  of  rare  occurrence.  Was.  (242);  cun 
^  skyeii  -  bar  gyiir  -  nojs  rather  ashamed, 
somewhat  confounded  Gh\;  cuh-hg  pdn- 
nam  blta  I  shall  see,  whether  it  will  help, 
or  has  helped,  a  little  MiL;  a  little  while, 
a  short  space  of  time,  cuh-zad  big  sdod 
big  wait  a  little  (while)  DzL  When  followed 
by  a  negative,  it  may  either  be  trans- 
lated as  in:  buh-zad  ma  bde-ba  a  little 
unwell,  uneasy  etc.  MiL^  or  as  in:  dbah 
cuh-zad  m£d,  there  is  not  even  a  slight 
possibility  =  there  is  no  possibility  at  all 
PtJi.  and  elsewh. 

gr-Jg^  buh-lo^  also  buh-hu,  buri-ziy  yboh- 
Ns      '    ii^  a  kind  of  white  stone. 
^f^  bub   W.,  from  the  Hind,  ^jn^  *bvh 
X©      bdd-de  du^  he  keeps  silence,  holds 
his  peace. 

,5X-  bm\  in  bur  mid -pa  to  devour  food 
NO     entire  Sch. 


L 


142 


^5^'S^  Utr-ni 


^•$^  cur-ni  meal,  flour,  only  in  medical 

xd     ^  writings. 

^'  de  numer.  figure:  95. 

^ar,  3'(9r   S'^r  ^•^-^,^^-^,  2:^-^^  (cf. 

na^  If  one  says  so,  asks  so'  etc.,  after  words 
literally  quoted,  frq.  (W,  'zer-na*), 

fP'  <*^-spyaw  jackal. 

^•^-  ^-^^  ('^-r^,  cer-re  enviouS,  j^lOUS, 
miff  ce-re  (c^r-gyis  Thgr.^  eer- 
ie Glr.)  ltd  -  ba  to  look  with  an  evil  or 
envious  eye  upon;  le-i^e  Idh-ba  dim-sighted, 
purblind  6i. 

^•^q-  cem-me-ba  bright,  shining,   of 
polished  metal  Glr,,  cf.  Krd-bo. 

^'i^  (^^mrtse  scissors  C. 


^^  bdff-pa 

spelling  and  pronunciation  (bes^  be)  of  the 
Lamas  of  Ld,  it  is  the  ordinary  termination 
of  the  infinitive  in  W.  (in  Pur.  and  Bal. 
bas,  in  Kun,  cd),  though  etymologically 
as  yet  not  accounted  for;  sometimes  used 
also  as  a  sbst.  or  adj.  i.e.  partic:  bsdd- 
tes  killing,  bsdd-ces  yin  it  is  to  be  killed ; 
skye-ees  pregnant,  v.  skyi-ba, 
^  ro  1.  num.  fig.:   125.  —  2.  co-^dri-ba 

Lex,,  (7.,  to  blame,  reproach^  slight;  to 
vie  with. 
^w     fgT^-  ^-d-^a,  Icd-ga  Mil  lark  (not 

' '    ^    '    common  in  Tibet), 
^^x-  cd-gerQ)^  H-ger  bzugsGlr.,  W. vulgo: 

'     *c6-gan  dug*  he  sits  motionless. 
5fg^  cd'to,  also  ('6-ti,  Cs.:  a  tuft  of  hair 


^^ 


on  the  head,  thus  Lea^. :  H-toi  for- 


v6g  (=  cu-ti?);  cf.  Iban-lo. 

5a   cd'ii  =  car,  cdn  co-^ri  Ijex.  (?). 


^-  ecu  1.  u  small  sucking-pipe  for  drinking 
^  the  Murva-beer,  in  which  millet  grains 
are  swimming  Sdh  (v.  llook,  I.,   175).  —     -^  ^^j^  ^  .^^^ 
2.  a  clyster-pipe. 

5^  ber,  v.  be-r^. 


^«r  bes  1.  {Lex.  ^fRf),  also  ses  and  ies 
(cf.  i-ig)  SO,  thus,  in  ancient  literature 
regularly  placed  after  words  or  thoughts 
that  are  literally  quoted,  and  so  continuing 
the  sentence;  the  quotation  itself  is  gen. 
preceded  by  ^di  skdd-du,  or  ^di  snydm-du. 
In  later  literature  bes  and  the  introductory 
words  are  ofien  omitted,  in  col.  language 
always.  Inst,  of  bes  smrds-so,  bes  ysuns- 
sOj  so  he  said,  thus  he  spoke,  so  has  been 
said  or  spoken,  so  it  is  said,  often  only 
beS'So  is  used,  and  in  like  manner  bes-pa 
for  bes  smrds-pa,  this  word,  this  speech; 
bis-pa-la  sogs-pa  these  and  similar  words; 
bh-pa  ^di  yaii  also  the  preceding  poem  (is 
written  by  him);  snyun  ies-pa  ndd-kyi 
mih  yin  the  word  snyun  is  a  term  for 
'disease'  Zam. ;  zes^-pa)  dan  'such,  and',  if 
a  quotation  is  followed  by  another,  where 
we  say  'further',  ^moreover*;  bh-pa-la  B.iier 
words  have  been  quoted,  which  form  the 
subject  of  further  discussion;  bes  byd-ba, 
or  bh^a  the  so  called,  frq.  after  names; 
bes'su  rarely  for  bes.  —  2.  ace.  to  the  usual 


'^^  bd'lo  the  prattling  or  chattering  of 

little  children  Mil. ;  cf.  bd-bo. 
^t-  bogCs.:  a  plural-sign;  ScAr.  all  (people). 
'  This,  or  a  similar  original  meaning 
of  the  word  is  also  to  be  traced  in  an 
expression  usual  in  Ld. :  bdg-mdo  a  place 
where  three  roads  meet,  v.  mdo\  cf.  also 
bag.  When  affixed  to  a  word,  it  must  be 
preceded  by  the  vowel  o,  the  final  con- 
sonant of  the  root  being  at  the  same  time 
repeated.  Affixed  to  verbs,  it  seems  to 
convert  them  into  participles:  ^ons-so-bog- 
la  Dzl.  ^,  6,  to  those  arrived,  to  the 
(persons)  arrived,  yin-no-bog^  ydd-do-bog 
those  being,  existing  (things  or  persons); 
Cs.:  ybh-so-bog  things  that  are  valuable, 
precious,  to  a  man. 

^•^•q-  bog-bog-pa  W.  grasshopper,  cricket 

^rq-  bdg-pa  C.  to  have  leisure  bdg-na  yoii 
99  if  J^^  l^ave  leisure,  come!  *^6g- 
ka*  leisure,  ^dlie-^rih  bdg-ka  me**  to-day  I  have 
no  leisure;  *bdg-ka  )h^  is  an  affirmative 
answer,  when  having  been  asked  for  some 
little  service,  something  like:  well,  Fll 
do  it. 


Uc    /rt 


^^  Idg-Jm  a  sort  of  small  tent  Cs. 
^*'  W^r-fe^,  V.  Icog-tse, 

^O^S^  c6g4a-ma  a  mineral  (?)  Med. 

jjp-  ^o/i  1.  L&r.  a  musical  instrument, 
Schr. :  a  bell.  —  2.  M7:  hoh-la  skyur- 
ba  to  pusli  one  do^wn  a  precipice  in  order 
to  kill  him  (the  only  meaning  the  context 
here  will  admit) ;  cf.  tson-ddn.  —  3.  v.  j-con, 
3jr'§'  ^on-bi  a  small  bowl  or  dish  Sch.\ 
V.  can-be, 

^'^*  con 'ion  jagged,  Indented,  serrated. 

^'$r    cdn-mo,  col.  for  Idun-mo, 

^•q-  cdii-ba^  Pth:  nu-Jbdd  bon-ba  ace. 
to  the  context:  to  raise  loud  la- 
mentations, wailings  (at  funerals);  perh. 
etymologically  connected  with  l^o-nis.  Cf. 
jhdh-dcad, 

^'(3'  bon-ii  =  bun-zo. 

^•5j^,  con-rdhy  perh.  «=  bon-bon^  Mil.  boh- 

rdh  tser-ma. 
S^'Q^T  ^^^^^9  ^1^^'  ornament  for  the 
^     '    head,  worn  by  kings,  tiara,  diadem, 
erown;  the  crest  of  gallinaceous  birds. 

'^^^  bdb-ddr  Ld.-Glr.,  Schl.  p.  29,  a  (?). 

S^TTC'     ?5^'^  bor-gdh^bdr-big^mouiai' 
1^'  '  ful,  agulp,  a  little  Sc^A.; 

cf.   C(M*^. 

5gj.--,  bol'cun  Thgy.  childish  prattle  or 

^  babbling. 
qraofq-  ybdgs'pa   1.  to  apprehend,  to 
'     '  grasp  (with  the  understanding), 

to  impress,  gen.  with  yid-la,  on  the  mind, 
e.g.  the  doctrine  Dzl. ;  also  bka  nan-ybdgs 
im-po  yndh-ba  to  give  a  thoroughly  solid, 
impressive  instruction;  ybdgs-po  byM-pa  ■•= 
fbdgZ'pa;  with  additional  force:  *do  bag- 
po  )h£'pa^  C.  to  impress  (to  one's  mind) 
as  firm  as  a  rock.  —  2.  relative  to  per- 
sons it  is  synon.  to  cdgs-pa  to  lOVe. 
qOT-:gr  r^dh-poy  W.  *Mh'po*  clever;  lively, 
sprightly;  W.  also  attentive  to,  ro- 
of; ybdh-po  druh-po  clever  and 


2^tP[ 


143 


ycig 


sagacious  Mil.,  ycah-druh  Iddn-pa  id.  l^Ji, ; 
hence  also  yban  sbst.  sagacity,  cleverness; 
Jia-ybdh  clever  words,  clever  speech  Cs.; 
cf.  also  Ua-sbydh^  W.\  *mh  bd-be*  to  watch 
for;  to  keep  guard,  to  watch;  ^hah-rig  bd- 
be*  to  be  very  attentive,  to  listen  with 
fixed  attention,  *Mh-rig-ban*,  C.  *bdn-^' 
ben*  very  attentive;  W.:  *hah  skul-be*  1. 
to  exhort,  admonish  2.  to  wake,  to  rouse 
from  sleep;  ^^ds-si  ^ah-akul  tdh-b^  to  give 
religious  exhortations,  to  hold  parenetic 
lectures. 
qi^^'CJ'  j-bdd-pa,  V.  ybod-jya. 

m^rm  gar  yian'(j)zdn  frq.  beast  of  prey, 

]r\\  \'^  i^^f  fera^  but  more  in  a 
systematic  sense,  so  that  the  cat,  and  even 
the  dog  may  be  included;  Glr.  po.  yban- 
(j)zdn  fa- ma  'the  last  of  the  beasts  of 
prey',  the  cat. 
^.-«.-.  ybdm-bu  Cs.  humbleness,  servility, 

'      ^  flattery,5cA.also  untruth,  lie; /caTw- 
bui  nag^   or  fsig  a  servile  speech;  ybdfm- 
bu  mird-ba  to  speak  submissively  Stg.  (not 
much  used), 
m^-q-  rbdr-ba  1.  Sch.i   CUt  OUt,  put  OUt, 

^       knocked  out,  e.g.  mi^  an  eye  (cf. 
bbar-ba.  —  2.  MiU 
—_.•-.  ybdl-ba,  ybdl-du  bhrdm-pa  to 

'  spread,  display,  lay  out  e.g.  precious 

stones,  jewels,  on  a  table,  on  the  ground, 
Glr.,  also  Lex. 
cn%'n-  y^'ba  1.  vb.  v.  ybidr^a.  —  2.  sbst. 

I  s=  y(^n ;  bhah  yci  both  kinds  of  alvine 
discharges.   Dzl. 

'  J  one;  one  and  the  same,  dus  ybig-ta 
at  the  same  time  (whereas  dus  ojr-na  once, 
one  day,  which  however  is  also  written 
dm  ybig-na);  ybig  byed-pa  to  unite  (vb.  n.), 
to  join  (in  an  act),  to  act  in  concert;  sole, 
alone;  dear,  beloved,  yoA  ^^^  dear  father! 
Glr. :  sin  -  tu  yduh  -  bai  ma  ybig  my  own 
(only)  beloved  mother!  somebody,  some 
one  Dzl.^  ycig . . .  ybig  the  one  —  the  other, 
somebody  or  other,  very  firq. ;  ybig-gis  ybig, 
ybig-la  ybig  etc.  one  another,  each  other 
frq. ;  mi-ybig  C.  differing,  different. 


144 


^5^'^'  ycid-jya 


Comp.  and  deriv.  yUg-ka  single,  only, 

opp.  to  several,  Mil.  —  ybig-baVy  ycig-car 
V.  car,  —  y^g-ciff,  pronounced  ^cig-cig*, 
a  certain,  some  one,  elt;  tic^  sldb- ma-las 
ycig-big  DzL;  budr-m^d  yag-cig  DzL  :^^,  5 
(where  Sch.  has  big-ycig  erron.);  ycig-ycig, 
pronounced  *cig-cig*^  \,  one  at  a  time; 
separately,  alone,  esp.  W.\  2.  of  the  same 
kind,  not  different  W.  (v.  Fouc.  Gram.  p.  21. 
42),  3.  adv.  by  one's  self,  only,  solely  W. 

—  yHg-cdg  all-SUfficient  Glr.  —  ybig-njpd 
Cs.  'unity' (?)  —  ycig-tu  1.  into  one,  into  one 
body,  together,  ybig-tu  sdu-ba  to  unite  e.g. 
six  countries,  DzL;  to  contract,  to  simplify 
C.  2.  at  once,  wholly,  altogether  DzL  ^,  3; 
3.  firstly,  in  the  first  place,  ydig  -tu-ni; 
then  follows  ynyissu-ni  etc.  DzL  4.  only, 
solely  Thgy.  — ytig-du  unity  and  plurality, 
ycig-du-brdl  not  having  tliese  two  qualities 
Was.  (308).  yd7g-pa  1.  the  first  Wdn.  (little 
used).  2.  having  etc.  one,  cf.  dgu.  3.  of 
one  kind,  not  different  or  manifold,  r/ii- 
yctg^a  different  B.  and  C.  —  ycigrpu  (also 
^^cig-bu?)  alone,  single,  yHg-pus  mi  ston 
tub -pa  to  be  able  to  cope  alone  with  a 
thousand  men  DzL;  ycig-pur  lus-pa  to 
remain  alone  behind  Glr.\  only,  sole,  bu 
yHg-pu  the  only  son,  frq.  —  ycig-po  1. 
alone,  rgydl-po  ybig-po  skyis-pa  yin  the 
king  alone  is  a  man,  DzL  2.  being  one, 
or  the  one,  ma  ynyis-la  skyh-pai  bu  yctg- 
po  thou  (being  the)  one  son  of  two  mothers, 
viz.  claimed  by  two,  Glr.  3.  Pur.  tbe  one 

—  the  other.  —  yHg-sds  the  other,  when 
speaking  of  two. 

qi^-jpj-  ycidrpa^  also  yci-ba^  pf.  ycis^  fut. 

c>^^^  ^™P'  y^'  ^  make  water,  to 
piss.  ^2  •^:i^JUfcs.  /y.  -  io%J 

m^-  ycin  urine,  ycin  ycid-pa,  or  yci-ba, 

'     '    W.  tdn-ce^  to  make  water;  ycin  sat* 

urine   is   discharged   involuntarily;    ycin- 

rkydg^  both  discharges,  vulg.;  ybin-^dg 

the  retention    of  urine  Med.;   ycin-snyi 

gonorrhoea,  clap(?)  il/<^. 

qi^Q«  ytiu  1.  clyster -pipe  =  leu;  yH-ui 

'  ^  smart  clyster  Lea^.  —  2.  cly8ter(?)  Cs. 

^^'^'  ytil-ba  to  spoil,  to  destroy  Sch. 


CM-n*     flTfl'  ycu-ba,  Icu-ba,  v.  y bud-pa; 
^     '    ^       p'ctt  or  Icu-Jior  Cs.^  ybu-skdr 
Wl,  ycus'bu  Ts.,  screw.  —  yci^fo'  v.  ^w-fo'. 
—  ytu-ddh  screw-box  Cs. 

^^^p'^rp'  ycu-gdl  importance,  Cs. 

^\^^\N|'Z^  yl^gs-pa^   prob.  not  different 
NO  '  from  yhdgs-pa.    The  word  oc- 

curs in:  yid(-la)  ycugs{-pa)he\oyed^  a  friend 
DzL;  mdza-ycugs  byed-pa  to  treat  ami- 
cably Wdn.;  Von-yaigs  having  conceived 
a  hatred  Lej;. 

^pC  H  ycun-po,  resp.  a  younger  brother. 

^1^r•  y^i^f f  ycud'(la)  ^adrQ-ba)  Lexx.  w.e. ; 
sd^  5c/i.:  to  forsake,  to  cast  out,  to  re- 
ject; (cog.  to  cud-zdn?) 

mxT'  ^C'CT  y^M'pa^  Icud^a,  pf.  ybuSy 
'>o  ^ '  ^  '  Icus^  fut.  ydu^  Icu^  imp.yc«^«  (?) 
to  turn,  turn  round,  twist,  twine,  plait,  braid; 
*cud  log  tdn-te*  W.  to  untwist,  untwine  a 
rope;  *bv^  zum  idh-te  nol  du^  W.  they 
wrestle  and  scuffle  (prop,  they  fight  scuff- 
ling); *sen  bus  gydb-ce*  W.  to  press  and 
bore  with  the  knuckle;  *du8-spu*  a  low 
expression  for  the  hair;  Idg-pa  yhcs  Zam.f 
mM'^y  ybiin-pa^  secondary  form  of  ^un- 
^  '  pa^  Lej^j*. :  rtsdd-nas  ydun-pa^  prob. 
to  subdue  completely;  ybur-kin  ybUn-pa 
prob.  to  beat  or  press  a  thing  until  it  is 
soft. 


yhur-ba.,  secondary  form  of  ^ur- 
ba;  ybur-pe  I  A.  a  coarse  sort  of 


vermicelli. 

z^'n'  yc^-fx^  to  esteem,  to  hold  dear,  to  love 

'        Sch. 
CT^y  yben  (Cs.  ybbn-pd)  resp.  Cs.:  one's 

'    '  elder  brother  DzL  99S,  11;  ace.  to 
Zam.:  first-born  son. 

^15^^'  ycSr-ba  v.  bc^r-ba. 

m^xrn'  yc^^-bu  naked,  col.,  also  MU.;  ycer- 
'  ^  nydl  id.;  Kun.:  *der-g6^;  resp. 
sku  ybir-bu;  ych^-bu-^mams  ^dbs-par  by^d- 
pa  yin-pa  being  one  that  covers  the  naked 
Stg.;  ycir-bur  jyyin-pa  to  make  naked,  to 
strip  Pth.;  yhir-bu  byun-ba,  W.  *der-nydl 
fdn-de*  to  show  one's  self  naked;  yterr 


li^s^  .'^'L^-'^^^^ 


5 


cr|^-q-  yddd^a 


145 


[ 

bu^a,  ycer-nyal-m/can  Mil.  (SsL  nirgran- 
tha  a  naked  man,  gymnosophist;  ^ds-sku 
ycet*  mfon^u  grol-bas  having  been  deliver- 
ed so  far  as  to  see  the  ^ds-sku  (v.  sku) 
onveiled  Gh\ 
qi^^q*  yb^-pa  (Lh.  *^/-pa-*)  dear,  belov-     m^-n'  ycdd-pa^  pf. 

'  ed,  . . .  Itar  yhes-na  yah  although        '     ^       cod^  W.  *cw 

he  is  to  me  as  dear  as  . . .  Glr,;  hM-kyi 
mi  ycis-pa  a  man  dear  to  us,  our  beloved, 
our  darling  MU, ;  ybis-ma  a  favourite,  sweet- 
heart 6s.;  yces^prug  dear  child  MUr^  ex- 
cellent, precious,  valuable,  Un-ta  fces-pai 
Iha  the  five  important  letters  (viz.  the  pre- 
fixed letters)  Glr,\  h^^-pa  ybes  it  is  of  im- 
portance to  know  Med,;  often  as  super- 
lative :  ^ig  rtM  ^di-na  ych-pa  ran-srog  yin 
the  dearest  thing  in  the  world  is  one's 
own  life  Pth. ;  ybh-par  by^drpa  Stg.^  jdzin- 
pa  Glr.  c.  accus ,  W.:  *U-pa  cd-be^  gen. 
with  the  dat,  to  hold  dear,  to  love,  to 
esteem,  persons  or  things,  but  not  appli- 
cable to  the  deeper  affections  of  the  heart 
—  ybes-bsdus  Lea.  w.e.;  ybes-btus  Cs.  choice 
pieces  (out  of  books). 
^j^•q-  ybdg-pa,  pf.  bbag,  imp.  %(«),  W. 

'  '  *bdg'be*^  imp.  *cog*  trs.  to  ^bdg- 
pa^  to  break,  dum-bur  to  pieces;  to  break 
off,  or  asunder;  to  smash,  a  glass;  to  crack, 
nuts;  to  burst;  split,  blast,  a  gun,  a  rock; 
fig. :  to  break,  to  violate,  a  promise,  a  vow, 
a  law  etc.  frq.,  ydb-kyi  bka  bbdg-tu  med 
the  word  of  my  father  may  not  be  violated 
(by  me)  Glr. 
m^C    ^Tl^'a;^'  y^^^y  ycoh-ndd,  consump- 


cu 


tion,  phthisis,  yboh-c^n 
prob.  dropsy  in  the  chest  or  in 
the  pericardium  Med.\  gen.  any  chronic 
disease  ^boh-la  ^f/  ma  8oh-ham*  C.  it  has 
not  taken  a  chronic  turn,  has  it?  also  fig.: 
*8^w  bdh-po  dug*  C.  the  heart  is  sick,  af- 
flicted. 

CTa^'wr-  yb&hskad  Lex.^  Sch. :  lamentations, 
'     ^  wailings,    plaintive    voices,    cf. 
ybdn-ba. 

m^-q-  ybdh'ba  1.  pf.  bhohs,  to  oxcavate, 

'         wash  out,  undermine  through  the 

action  of  water,  fur-du  yboh-bar  mi  gyui*- 

TO  they  are  not  undermined  (by  the  water) 


Stg.;  yboh-roh  a  narrow  passage,  a  defile 
Cs.  —  2.  from  yboh^  to  get  faint,  languid, 
wearied  in  mind,  C. 

^^'^'  ybon-ii^  v.  bon-zi. 

bbady  fut.  ybad^  imp. 
'bdd^be*,  imp.  "bod"  1.  to 
cut, ;  bdd'bya  ybdd-pa  secanda  secare  Gi'am.; 
to  cut  asunder,  Kam-tsad-du  into  small  bits; 
to  cut  off,  chop  off,  the  hands;  to  Cut  down, 
to  fell,  trees;  to  CUt  out,  the  tongue  DzL; 
to  rend  asunder,  to  break,  a  thread,  a  rope, 
chains,   fetters.  —  2.  to  cut  off  fig.:    cu^ 
the  water,  by  damming  it  out,   frq.;   to 
reduce,  the  wages;  to  cure,  a  disease;  to 
suppress,  a  passion;  to  discontinue,  to  give 
up,  zan,  zaSf  eating  i.e.  to  abstain  from 
food,  to  fast;  s^rog^  to  kill,  to  murder,  frq.; 
to  stop  a  thing  in  its  origin,   to  obviate, 
prevent,  avert;  to  avoid;  to  lock,  the  door, 
frq. ; .  . .  kyi,  or  la,  bdr-du  ybddrpa  to  throw 
obstacles  in  a  person  s  way,    to  hinder, 
impede,  frq, ;  srdg-la  bdr-du  ybodrfa  d^-dag 
all  these  life-endangering  beings  Glr.;  (for 
more  examples  refer  to  bar);  to  sfop,  to 
make  a  pause,  in  reading,    had  yon- na 
drag-par  bbdd-pa  making  a  marked  stop, 
when  there  is  a  shad,  Gram. ;  i^am^-par) 
ybdd('pa),  or  bbad^-pa),  section,  paragraph ; 
stop,  pause;  yons-ybod  id.  Gram.;  to  de- 
cide,   bes  bbdd'do  thus  he  decided  DzL; 
Ifrtms,  or  (DzL)  ial-li,  to  pass  sentence 
or  judgment;  to  judge,  condemn,  cf.  also 
fdg-ybod'pa.  —  3.  to  cross  (little  used), 
cu^bo  gru-yis  a  river  in  a  boat  Glr.  —  4. 
tjes  ybod-pa  to  follow  the  track,  used  both 
of  men  and  dogs;  *mdr-dz^  (to  follow) 
the  smell  bf  butter   (vi^.  of.  roast-meat), 
^kyur-dzi  bS'^-pa*  C.  to  follow  the  sourish 
smell  (viz.  the  smell  of  beer);  (j)sdr'  (also 
tsar  Pth.)  fbod'pa  to  search  into,  to  in- 
vestigate, to  examine  or  study  thoroughly 
Ld.-Glr.  Sc/d.  p.  20,  b.  —  (fod-pos  ybdd- 
pa   and    other  phrases  v.  under  the   re- 
spective noun.  —  *cg^'tdh*  C.  the  Tibetan 
rupee,  having  lines  {radii)  of  division  mark- 
ed, by  which  they  may  be  cut  into  smal- 
ler pieces.  —  Note;   In  some  phrases  the 

10 


146 


^^ 


ycom 


spelling  of  ycddrpa  and  the  assonant  verbs 
spyddr-pa  and  dpydd^a  is  variable. 

2^5^'    ^S^  ^^'*^  *^^^'  P"*®>  haughtl- 
'      ^  ness,  arrogance,  bskyun-ba 

to  put  it  ofiP,  give  it  up  Lexx.;  bconi  cun- 
hus  Tor.  20,  6  despondingly,  low-spirited; 
gi^os-yhom  Lex,  obs.  or  prov.  for  g^ros^bcdm^ 
v.  ^cdrrirpa, 

tn^-q*  ycor-ba  to  spread,  scatter,  disperse 
Cs, 

^^^^'  bhdg-pa  v.  yhdg-pa  and  JSdg-fa, 

q^r*  ita»?  ScA.:  ^bban^gya-chirpo  com- 
prising much,  comprehensive,  very 
extensive;  bcah-rgydr  mdzad-pa  resp.  to 
apply  one's  sel^  to  bestow  pains  upon'. 
n^JTTn'  biddr-ka  W.  a  whole  that  has  been 

'    '  cut  into,  or  a  piece  cut  off. 
nx^  bddd'po   W.  something  old,  torn, 
^      worn  out 

^^^^  btdb-pa  V.  ^cab^a. 

a^Syn^T  bbam-bcdm  Sch. :  trivial  things, 
medley,  hodge-podge. 

^5CV§i'  bddsga  v.  sga, 

n^fl'q-  bbd'ba  1.  v.  M-ba, —  2.  sbst.  drink- 
^°g5  g^J^*  used  connected  with  bza- 
ba;  bcd-ba  dan  bza-ba,   or  bza-bca  food 
and  drink. 
q^'Q^fj^-  bba-^prdh  MiL^  declivity,  pre- 

^      cipice  Sch. 
n^P'Smy  bba-mdg^  the  usual  pronunciation 

'  of  Uags-mag, 
q^x'fl'  bcdr-ba  1.  =  6^V-6a  to  squeeze,  to 
press  in  a  press  Thgy.'^  to  crowd, 
to  throng,  ^ydr-la  bbav^  C,  stand  (or  sit) 
more  closely  together !  —  2.  to  pull  or  force 
from,  to  wrest  6s.  —  3.  Lexx.:  mig  bbdr- 
ba  the  same  as  in  ycar-mig  (?).  — .4.  Sch.: 
logs  bddr-ba  to  prop  sideways.  —  5.  Sch.: 
bbar  bzugs-pa  to  have  a  permanent  resi- 
dence (this  would  however  be  more  cor- 
rectly expressed  by  bar).  —  6.  bbdr-bai 
rta-  bbibs^  and  lan-bbdrf  Lexx.  w.e. 

^S^'^'  bcdl'ba  V.  JdUba. 

n^^ZV  bbds-pa  1.  originally  pf.  of  ^ca-Aa, 
little  used.  —  2.  adj.  together  with, 


R^'  bcu 

connected  with,  having,  possessing,  containing 

a  thing,  with  daii  or  termin.  (the  latter  in 
prose  only  when  a  second  daw,  signifying 
*and',  occurs  in  the  sentence);  gerundially: 
bbds-te^  sometimes  also  beds-pas  or  bbds- 
sin;  adverbially:  bbds-su  frq.;  ^Icor  dan 
bbds-pa(-te^  -«u)  with  attendance,  with  a 
retinue  or  suite,  frq,;  bu-mo  bcu  bodnbldn 
dan  bbds-pas  skdr-te  surrounded  by  ten  vir- 
gins togethei"  with  the  Tibetan  ambassa- 
dors Glr.;  btsun-mo  dun  st^ds-su  bbds-te 
with  (his)  wife  and  son  Glr. ;  gos  dan  beds- 
su  (to  go  into  the  water)  having  one^s 
clothes  on  DzL ;  iai  ^dzumnpa  dan  bbds-te 
with  a  smiling  face  Glr.;  ser-sna  dan  beds- 
pa  infected  with,  subject  to,  avarice;  with- 
out dan  or  termin.  (esp.  po.);  Jirid^bcas 
infatuated,  fascinated  Pfh.;  Jyni-fdn  fun 
bbas  together  with  a  small  parcel  of  Du- 
tan  tea;  it  is  also,  like  mams^  a  collective 
sign,  used  in  enumerations,  referring  to 
several  nouns,  Wdn.^  or  like  la-sdgs-pa 
and  other  (things),  and  more  (such  things)^ 
and  the  like:  rgyags  dan  bbas  bskydl-lo 
provisions  and  other  necessaries  we  shall 
supply  Mil. 

^SC^  bcin-ba^  fut.  oi  ^cih-ba  to  bind. 

q^^CJ'  bbim-pay  pf.  of  Jciti-ba  to  bind. 
Both  verbs  (bcin-ba  and  bbins- 
pa)  are  also  used  as  substantives:  bonds, 
fetters,  whether  of  a  material,  spiritual,  or 
magical  nature. 
q§q(?;|)'i:i'  bbib(8ypa  v.  Jib-pa;  Sch.  also: 

carriage,  conveyance. 
^^^'^'  bbir-ba  v.  Jir-ba. 

^^'^'  bbil'ba  v.  Jilrba. 

q J-  bcu  {Bal.  *wbu*)  ten,  bbu  fam-pa  id. ; 
bbu-prag  a  decade;  bbu-ybig^  bcu-pit/is 
(Bal.  *wbu  -  nas*)  eleven,  twelve  etc.,  (v. 
also  bbo);  bbu-pa^  bbit-po  as  in  dgu-pa^  dgu- 
po.  —  bbu-skdr  ^foUy  bcu-gyur  Jon  (the 
field)  yields  a  tenfold  crop.  —  ^bU-Ka^ 
bii'Kai  tal*  C,  *cU'Md^  W.,  tithe,  tithes; 
bbu-Kdg-pa  a  collector  of  tithes,  bbu-Uag 
Jtdn-pa  to  tithe,  to  decimate  Cs.  —  bbu^ 
dpdn  corporal,  Lat.  decurio^  bbu-^dg  (^bu- 


^^'^  hhu'ba 


q^^  htds-fa 


147 


way*  T%.)  a  band  of  ten  soldiers.  —  6^- 
yHg-hdl  the  eleven-faced  (Awalokiteswara) 
Glr. 

q^'^'  bbu'ba  V.  Jm-ba. 


q^^ 


ic-i^s,  from  the  phrases:  s^ww  A:d?j- 


med'pa  dan  bbugs  Tned-pa  dan 
yndd-pa  med-pa  Stg.^  and  PratihOrya  Ava- 
dana  (v.  Feer)  p.  3:  Iha-byin-gyi^s  bcugs 
byds-te  =  %^r^;^rf%ppfr?t'r,  it  appears,  that 
bcuffs  signifies  hatred,  hostility,  damage, 
loss,  which  when  compared  with  ]rtug8 
seems  rather  strange,  yet  is  in  accordance 
with  ^ftinV  (for  this  must  probably  be 
read  inst.  of  ^ft9?T)* 

q^r-  f>cud  (j^)  moisture,  juice,  sap,  but 
'  gen.  combined  with  the  notion  of  a 
certain  inherent  virtue  or  power;  zld-bai 
bbud  a  fructifying  moisture,  to  be  compar- 
ed in  its  effects  to  the  warmth  of  the  sun, 
and  prob.  means  night-dew  (if  after  all  it 
is  any  thing  real);  hence  essence,  nutri- 
ment, rkdn-gis  bead  ^^gyur  nourishment 
comes  from  the  marrow  Med. ;  bcud-la  son^ 
Mil.  also  bdud-la  bor^  (this  food)  has  prov- 
ed a  nutritious  fluid,  it  agrees  with  him; 
bhud^tan  nutritious,  succulent,  of  grass, 
food  etc.;  bcud-TrUd  not  nutritious,  Med,; 
invigorating  cordial,  quintessence,  bcud-len 
an  elixir  of  life;  frq.  fig.:  cos  fams-ddd 
bsdus-pai  bead  Glr. 
gTxj'rr  i^w-pa  1.  V.  ^um-pa.  —  2.  to 

use  artifices,  to  chicane  &ch, 
--^-•-,  bbiir-ba  1.  to  be  flattened  down  Sch. 

—  2.  Kun.  Hun-po  bur-te  yon* 
there  is  a  draught  (here).  —  3.  C.  like 
bkdg-pa  to  bar,  obstruct,  blocl(  up,  e.g.  of 
snow  obstructing  a  road.    Cf.  Jiltr-ba. 

q^,    q^  bee,  btes  v.  JUa. 

q^q-  bUr-ba  1.  to  heap  or  pile  up  6«.; 

Lex.:  Hn  pun-por  bbh'-ba  to  pile 
up  wood.  —  2.  =  bbir-ba  1.  to  squeeze, 
to  press  C,  W. ;  to  squeeze  in,  ri-brdg  ynyis- 
kyi  bdr  du  something  between  two  rocks 
Pth.;  *^er  tdn-d^   W.  to  squeeze,  press. 


screw  in;  *cer-b4r  tdn^ie*  W.  to  throng, 
to  crowd. 

qV^  bbo,  for  bbu  in  bdo-lnd  15,   and  Wo- 
brgydd    18;     fo    Ina  )'sum    bdo-lnd 
3  times  5,   15   years  (Ina  ysum   standing 
pleon.)  Mil. 

n3fn'  bdd-ba^  pf.  and  imp.  bdoSy  prop,  root 
of  the  fut.  tense  of  Jcds-pa^  but  in 
W.  the  usual  word  for  byed-pa  to  make, 
perform;  to  prepare,  manufacture,  construct; 
employed  in  all  kinds  of  phrases;  H'6-la 
zim-lan  h^  W.  (he)  makes  him  a  liar. 

q^'  bcog'i    Glr.  99. 

q^'  bdom  for  /^ow,  pride. 

n^*^r  bddm-pay  ^i.oijdrm-pa,  conquered, 
subdued;  having  conquered  or  sub- 
dued, e.g.  dgrd-bcoms-pay  v.  dgra]  victory 
Cs.;  ^prog-bcdm,  and  *dom-fd^  W.  rob- 
bery and  acts  of  Violence.  —  bdom-brldg 
p.n.,  Mathura,  town  of  ancient  India,  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Agra,  Zam.,  Tar. — 
bcom-lddn  victorious  6s.;  bcom-ldan-^dds 
(Kh.  *wcovirldan'd^*,  Ld.  *homrdaru-dds*, 
C.  ^bom-ddn-d^)  ^fl^pif  6s.;  victorious, 
Sch.:  *lhe  victoriously  consummated^  Bum. 
le  bien-heureux,  the  usual  epithet  of  Bud- 
dha, Burn.  I.,  71. 

n^rfl'  bbdUba,  v.  ^ifdZ-ia;  bidl-ma  a  thing 
committed  to  a  person's  charge, 
a  trust 

n^^n'  bhds-pa,  a  verb  of  its  own,  though 
as  to  form  resembling  a  parti- 
ciple, 1.  to  treat  medically,  hence  to  cure, 
to  heal,  mMas  kyan  bdds-m  med  he  cannot 
be  cured  even  by  the  best  physicians  Jlf^d. ; 
beds- (pat)  tabs  the  way  of  treating,  the 
method  of  curing  Med. ;  aman-bcds  medical 
treatment  Med.  —  2.  to  do  (a  thing)  for  the 
sake  of  appearance,  for  form's  sake,  to  affect, 
bdds-m  byddrpa  to  perform  a  sham  work,  e.g. 
blowing  into  a  blazing  fire  6'.;  hence  as 
sbst :  a  false  conception,  wrong  idea,  bl^ds 
pa  da?i  Ji'rul  -  bar  gyur  -  ba  to  give  way 
to  odd  fancies,  to  have  crotchets  in  the 
brain,  e.g.  in  consequence  of  old  age  Tligy. 
—  3.  partic:  made  or  contrived  by  art, 


148 


f 


Iba 


'g^pr  Itaga 


artificial,  feigned,  fictitious^  ma-hbos  artless, 
unaffected,  genuine;  it  also  seems  to  de- 
note an  absence  of  mental  activity,  or  a 
forbearance  of  exercising  such  activity,  in 
short  that  indifference  to  the  world,  which 
is  so  highly  valued  by  the  Buddhist,  Mil. 
—  bdds-pai  ras,  or  ras  bbds^buy  washed  or 
prepared  cotton-cloth  C«.;  calico,  chintz  Cs, ; 
in  S.  0,  it  seems  to  denote  a  costly,  va- 
luable fabric;  hbds-ma  sbst.  and  adj.,  a 
production  of  art,  any  thing  made  or  con- 
trived by  art,  esp.  every  thing  imitated, 
counterfeit,  mock,  sham,  not  genuine,  frq. ; 
bbds-ma  ma  yin-pa  natural,  unfeigned,  ge- 
nuine, e.g.  respect,  reverence  Glr.  —  tsul- 
bbos'TnUan,  one  that  is  shamming,  a  hypo- 
crite.   Cf.  JSds-pa. 

f^  Iba,  Ld,  for  Ibi-ba,  excrement,  dung, 
^  manure. 
^S'  Ibd-sga  =  bba-sga,  white  ginger,  v.  sgd. 

prq-  Ibd'ba  1.  Cs.:  a  sort  of  carrot,  Med. 
^  frq.,  but  not  known  to  the  common 
people,  at  least  not  in  W.  —  2.  iRmil  ace. 
to  Was.  a  garment  made  of  wool  or  felt 
Tar. 

(mvl^og  1.  rod,  switch,  sticl(,  whip;  glan- 
^  '  Ibdg  ox-whip;  rna-lbdg  kettle-drum 
stick;  Iban-lbdg  Lex.  willow -twig,  osier- 
switch;  f'ta-lbdg  horse-whip,  whip  in  ge- 
neral, also  a  scourge,  consisting  of  several 
straps  vrith  sharp  knots;  spa-lbdg  a  cane, 
bamboo  Mil.]  ber^^-mayibdg  stick  Mil.  — 
2.  (Ibdg -ma)  strolte,  bloW,  cut,  hit,  Ibag 
rgydb-pa  to  give  a  blow  or  cut,  rtd-la  to 
the  horse  Glr.\  mgo-lbdg  (Ld.  *gO'lbd^)  a 
blow  or  stroke  upon  the  head;  ^am-lbag 
a  smack  on  the  cheek,  slap  on  the  face, 
box  on  the  ear  Cs. ;  faUUdg  id.  —  3.  fore- 
part of  a  coat  of  mail  Sch.  —  4.  a  kind 
of  Daphne,  v.  re-lbag-pa. 

Comp.  Ibdg-rdo  W.  flint,  flint-stone.  — 
Ibag-Jyrds  Mil.  whip-COrd,  lash  of  a  whip; 
Ibag-Jyrh'i^  and  Ibag-dnd  id.  —  Ibag-fsdn  = 
Ha-Udg  C.  —  Ibag-yti  whip-sticl(,  handle  of 
a  whip. 
(Wl^]'  Ibag-lcig  Lex.  w.e.  i>«^  '^Vl'^Y) 


giqrgjr'  Ibag-pSd  a  girdle,  made  of  plaited 
^  '  ^  and  interlaced  strips  and]  resem- 
bling a  chain;  one  Lea.  adds :  ddn-mai  ^drilr 
du  Ihdspa  (?). 

am«f-  Ibags  1.  iron,  Ibdgs-kgi  of  iron;  l^dgs- 
^  '  bton-mUan  a  miner  digging  for  iron; 
rgya-lbdgs  Chinese  iron;  po  -  Ibdgs  an  in- 
ferior sort  of  iron,  mo  -  Ibdgs  a  finer  and 
better  sort  of  it,  Cs.  steel  (?)  —  2.  an  iron 
instrument,  tool,  esp.  lock  (of  doors),  fet- 
ter, Shaclde,  sgo  fams  -  bad  Ibags  btab  -  Hn 
locking  every  door  Pth. ;  *kdn-bag  lag-bag* 
C.  fettered  on  hands  and  feet;  ynam-lbdgs 
1.  thunderbolt,  2.  a  flash  of  lightning  jast 
striking  an  object;  me -Ibdgs  a  steel  to 
strike  fire  with,  fire-steel. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  Ibags-kyu  B.  an  iron 
hook,  esp.  fishing-hook,  angle;  often  fig.: 
fugs-rjei^  or  ^6s-kyi  Ibags-kyus  jizin-pa  to 
seize  with  the  hook  of  grace  or  of  religion 
Dzl.,  Glr.  and  elsewh.  —  Ibags-dkdr  tin- 
plate,  white  iron  plate.  —  Uags-skud  thin 
wire.  —  Uags  -  Uim  or  Uyim  a  spade.  — 
Ibags -Urdl  Sch.  a  big  iron  kettle  (=W. 
^bag-dot*  stew-pan,  large  iron  pan  or  pot?) 
—  Ibags -mgdr  iron  smith,  black-smith.  — 
IbagS'Sgdr  iron  pan.  —  Ibags- sgyid  trevet, 
tripod.  —  Ibags -sgrdg  fetter,  shackle.  — 
Ibags'cds  implements  of  iron,  hardware.  — 
Ibags 'tig  a  kind  of  gentian,  cf.  tig-ta.  — 
Ibags-fdg  chain  or  chains.  —  Ibags -fdl  Cs. 
an  iron  dish  or  plate,  prob.  from  fd-li.  — 
IbagS'drigs  (W.  *bag-rdf)  1.  iron  droSS, 
scoria  or  slag  of  iron;  2.  dirt  of  the  in- 
testines. —  Ibags -rdd  1.  perh.  more  cor- 
rectly Ibag-rdd  flint -stone.  2.  iron-stone, 
iron  ore(V).  —  Ibags -prd  Cy  a  kind  of 
musket,  imported  from  Rum  (Turkey).  — 
*bag'Ur^  W,  an  iron  bar,  crowbar,  hand- 
spike. —  Ibdgs-mag^  bbd^mag,  the  Turkish 

y5UX:^  flint-stone,  tinder-box  W.  —  Ibags- 
tsdgs  an  iron  cribble  or  sieve,  colander.  — 
IbagS'Zdm  iron  bridge.  —  Uags-zdns  iron 
kettle.  —  *bag-zdn*  C\  good  iron,  steel.  — 
Ibags-yyd  rust  Med.  —  Ibags-ri  a  wall  en- 
circling an  estate,  a  town  etc.  —  Ibags- 
sldh  a  large  iron  pan  for  roasting  or  kib- 


¥-'^ 


IMn-ma 


149 


a-s  :i   ' 


drying  com.  —  Uags-^dn  iron  hoop,  hasp, 
cramp-iron.  —  Idags-sd  iron  ore  Cs.  — 
Idoffs-bsrd  smoothing-iron  Sch. 
OT^w  Iddh-ma  willow,  Salix   viminalis, 
^  almost  the  only  leaved  tree  in  Tibet, 

fjpq.  planted  in  the  vicinity  of  villages; 
rgydl'lcan  the  specific  name  of  this  tree 
in  Kun. ;  rdh-Uafiy  sir-lbah  different  species 
of  it;  Iban-dkdr  Kun,  a  white  kind  with 
birch -like  bark,  cf.  ho\  Ran -16  willow- 
leaves,  2.  (HZT)  tnatled  hair,  Ibdh-h-ban^ 
or  -pa^  one  with  matted  hair,  a  penitent; 
also  n.  of  a  place  in  ancient  India,  of 
another  in  Lhasa,  and  of  a  third  on  the 
top  of  the  fabulous  Rirab.  3.  queue,  pig- 
tail C  —  Idah-rldm  a  flat  willow  basket 
T«.  —  Uah'Hh  willow-tree,  willow-wood. 
—  Uan-hdl  Sch. :  'the  red  willow'.  —  *da»- 
8fZ*  W.  coolness,  shade  under  a  willow-tree. 


heavy;  2.  weight,  ^yah-H  ddn-(fa  bd-b^ 
W.  to  balance  equally,  to  counterpoise; 
with  regard  to  food,  perh.  heavy,  oppress- 
ing the  stomach;  but  also  in  a  favourable 
sense:  substantial,  nutritious;  fig.:  weighty, 
important,  Uyid-kyi  skyes  dan  bka-stsdl  IN- 
ba  des  in  consequence  of  your  weighty 
presents  and  requests  Glr. ;  *ndin-^off  bin- 
te*  W,  hard  of  hearing;  Ica-^a-ma-fd-ba 
Ibi  ba  a  heavy,  deadly  sin,  frq. 

^^'  Ibid  V.  Ijid. 
^5ry  Ibin-te  v.  Ibi-ba. 


^nST  /^8  denotes  a.  things,  which  serve 
^  to  protect  the  hands,  when  having 

to  deal  with  hot  or  otherwise  disagreeable 
objects;  so  gloves  may  be  called  Whs  Sch.y 
but  esp.  fsa-lbibs  {W,  ^tsalbib*)  pot-doth 

f^^f^^lbah-lbon  a,^sah-m  a  craggy    ^^  ^^"^  P^^  ^''^"^  ^^^  ^^""^^  *^-^-^'**  ^-^ 
^^     place,  a  broken  country.  *^^  "lag-bib''  id.;  hence  prob.  mig-lbibs, 

resp.  spyan-lbibs  eyelid;  mig-gi  Ibibs-fdr 
sty,  wisp  in  the  eye,  and  perh.  from  some 
remote  similarity  sgo  -  Ibibs^  sgoi  ya  -  Ibibs 
the  lintel  or  head-piece  of  a  door;  nya- 
Ibibs  fishgills.  Lex,  and  6«.;  b.  contrivances 
to  facilitate  the  handling  of  different  ob- 
jects, as:  the  handles  of  pots  and  vessels, 
the  handles,  hiKs,  bows,  ears,  loops  etc.  of 
knives,  scissors,  pincers  and  other  work- 
ing-tools. 


prgT'  Ibam^  also  pyam^  1.  lath,  pole,  rafter, 
^  spar  of  a  roof.  In  Tibet  the  rafters 
are  placed  horizontally,  and  support  a  layer 
of  earth;  in  Mongol  tents  they  are  slant- 
ing, supporting  the  felt  -  covering.  —  2. 
also  brag  -  Ibdm,  n.  of  an  officinal  herb 
used  for  healing  wounds  Med,  —  3.  ^yur- 
Ibdm  prob.  denotes  a  glittering  fish,  or  a 
fish  rapidly  darting  along  —  4.  v.  Ibdm- 
mo, 

ygT^n'  l^dm-me-bay  perh.  variegated, 
^  shining,  dazzling  Glr, 

(mf}a'  l^amrmo^  resp.  for  spun^  and  esp. 
^  for  arin-mOy  ace.  to  Cs,  also  for 

iiin-ina^  a  royal  consort,  a  great  man's 
sister  or  wife;  Iha-lbdm  a  princess  Pth.; 
Ibam-iun  a  young  princess  or  lady,  a 
young  unmarried  lady  of  noble  rank;  Ibam- 
drdl^  mbid-U:am-dral^  lbam-»i^h  brother 
and  sister.  tJ^**^^^  v  ^^  .►.  -^  • "  »  -  •  . 
flj^rq*  Ibdm -pa  1.  n.  of  a  flower  Wdn,; 
^  2.  n.  of  a  kind  of  vegetables  S,g. 

&-q-  IH-ba  1.  sbst.  (Ld.  *Ka*,  Lh,  *bi-a, 
^  bS-a*)y  dung,  esp.  of  cattle;  bai  Ibi- 
buy  bd-lbi  cow-dung;  Ibi-skdm  dry  dung 
(used  as  fuel),  Ibi-rUn  fresh  dung.  -—  2. 
adj.  heavy,  W.  *bin'te*y  yah-lbi  l.  light  and 


^^  Ibu-ba  V.  ybu-ba. 

a/mn"  Ibug-pa  C '«.,  mnyen-lcug  Lex.y  flexible, 
€  '  pliant;  a  supple  branch;  Ibug-lbug 
byid-pa  to  bend  repeatedly  6i.;  Ibug-ma 
a  root-shoot  of  a  willow  or  a  poplar-tree, 
a  rod,  switch;  "bkg-gu"  C.  the  bud  of  a 
twig;  Ihig-prdn  a  thin  branch  or  twig. 

UugSy  gri-yi  Ibugs  I^ex,  w.e. 


M^'^TT  Ibun-ka  =  sky^n-kay  jack-daw. 
'gc;^  Ibun-mo  thimble  Glr. 

y^m'  Ibud-pa  V.  ybudrpa, 

tw  Ibum  Med,y  Ibum-fsa  Cs,:  'a  plants  the 
stalks  of  which  are  used  as  a  purga- 


150 


I- 


l^e 


S^  ia 


tive';  Umii'dkdr  prob.  another  species  of  fggn-  Uog  1.  fi.,  C.  a  turret  on  a  house- 
that  plant  Med.  ^  '  top,  pinnacle  (TT.  *speu*).  —  2.  v. 
^-  teg  1.  resp.  Ijags  (f^ljf)  tongue,  Ice  rkyan-     Icog-tse. 

^  6a  to  put  forth,  to  show  the  tongue     T0^if  l(^^9'P0  prob.  low,  Udg-por  ikye  (a 
7  .  iha  hn^min.tnn  ^t/vn-^nn  /^Vn^^nA  Aw/W-     "o   I        Certain  plant)  is  low -growing,  it 

does  not  grow  high. 


Mil.;  Ite  brgyd-yis  yon-tan  bUh-zad  btydd- 
par  nus  ma  mdis  even  with  a  hundred 
tongues  we  should  not  be  able  sufficiently 
to  praise  the  merit . .  .  Pth.  —  2.  blade, 
Ca.  gn-lee.  —  3.  (^flrf'r)  thunderbolt,  Ide 
Jbebs-pai  glog  a  flash  of  lightning  accom- 
panying a  thunderbolt.  —  4.  flame,  me-lce. 
Comp.  Ice-kyigs  the  frenum  of  the  tongue 
Cs.  —  Ue-Mh  uvula,  Ice-htn  Jfabs  inflam- 
mation of  the  uvula  Med.  —  Ue-ynyis-pa 
double-tongued,  deceitful,  Ue-ynyis  bySd-pa 
to  be  double-tongued.  —  Ibe-Ubj  Ibe-^drd 
a  fleshy  excrescence  below  the  tongue  Cs. 

—  Ide-bde  a  nimble  tongue    a  babbler  Mil. 

—  Icespydn  =  ce-wpydh  Thgy.^  Stg.  -  Ibe- 
Jbur  a  swelling  on  the  tongue  Cs.  —  Ice- 
myan-fsd  alum  Med.  —  Ue-rtsd  the  root 
of  the  tongue,  Ibe-rtsd-ban  a  letter  pro- 
nounced from  the  root  of  the  tongue,  a 
guttural.  —  Ue-rtsd  the  tip  of  the  tongue 
Cs.y  Ih-rtsd'can  a  letter  sounded  with  the 
tip  of  the  tongue,  a  lingual.  —  lie-fsd' 
(j-bd)  a  sharp-tasted,  pungent  medicinal  herb 
Med.  —  Ive-yMr  a  tongue-scraper  Cs. 

^^r  Iteg  a  coat  of  mail  for  a  horse  Sch. 

J^fl'CJ'  '^^^"P^  ^o  g^  ^  ti'l  one's  self,  to 
^  seek  death,  esp.  by  a  leap  into  the 
water  or  down  a  precipice,  but  not  every 
kind  of  suicide;  also  used  of  insects  that 
fly  into  a  flame  etc. 

^^1'  IH-ga^  also  Iddg-ma  or  mo  lark. 


0  fc^^i^ 


a/c  M'Ji.z 


HL 


^  '^  ysol-Udg,  table,  in  Tibet, 
esp.  in  W.,  a  very  rare  piece  of  furniture, 
and  always  small  and  low;  Itog-Mebs  table- 
cloth, Ibog-Uibs  btiA-ba  to  lay  the  cloth; 
rgya-lbdg  a  large  table,  a  European  table; 
mdun-lHg  'fore-table',  a  sort  of  table  before 
an  idol,  for  spreading  offerings  on  it,  v. 
e.g.  Hook.  I,  172;  but  it  is  not  the  same 
as  altar.  1V(^      ^^c   ,  io   .^ 

1^  Uogs,  2:^-/^d^8  pronunciation  6'.(?) 

T'Wyn'  ledges) -pa  I.  to  be  agitated,  to 
'"^  shake,  to  tremble,  me -tog  mgo- 

Udg  Zam.  a  flower  shaking,    waving  its 
head  (little  used).  *     "^^ 

11.  1.  vb.  to  be  able,  de  ma  Ibdg-na  if 
(he)  is  not  able  (to  do  that);  ji  Ibdg-kyi 
Mil.  as  much  as  possible,  to  the  utmost; 
*na*rdn-ghi  gan  bdg-pc!^  C.  as  far  as  I  am 
able.  More  used:  2.  adj.  able,  hed-kyismi 
Ibdg-pa  unable,  feeble,  weak,  rig -pas  mi 
Ibdg-pa  ignorant;  *n^  tsar  big -la  bog-pa 
me^*  I  am  not  able  to  carry  the  whole  at 
once  C;  *b6g-ban*  clever,  skilful^  handy, 
*bog-m4df^  awkward  W.;  *U€  bog  mi  dug* 
he  does  not  get  on  with  his  mouth,  he 
lisps;  also  *Ua  bdg-pa*  irreverent,  dis- 
respectful in  speaking  W,{?) 

Ibon^  sbol-lbon  a  frog  in  its  first  stage 
of  development,  tadpole  Pth, 


7' 


■"3 


cB 


jp-  ^«  1.  the  letter  ?,  the  aspirated  b^  pro-  x-  ?«  I.  pari,  portion,  share  1.  opp.  to  the 

nounced  hard  and  forcibly,  like  ch  in  whole,    ?a  ysttm-du  bgos  divide  it  in 

chap  or  church.  —  2.  numerical  figure:  6,  three  parts!    brgyai   Ha  lifjf  Glr.;  stdn-gi 

ca-pa  the  sixth  volume.  ca^^j^^^ban-mdzM  ysum-caybig  on^^tix^ 


o 


U  ^^c  c,    0..X- . ;. 


/. . ,  / .  / 


151 


«3B'^'  ca-^a 


of  the  provisions  DzL;  dbui  ca  team  big 

jfser'ffi/isma  Un-bar  there  being  still  wanting 

about  as  much    gold  as  (the  weight  of) 

his  head  Glr. ;  nan  -  par  siid  -  bat  ca  the 

following  day's  first  part,  i.e.  the  following 

morning  Mil.;  sd-ca  a  piece  of  land  Gh\ 

C,  also  land,  territory,  country  in  general, 

ghcd  sa-ca  the  country  of  Gha  Glr,;  zur- 

ca  frontier  parts,   frontier  province;    ca- 

snyoms  at  equal  parts,  equally,   e.g.   cu 

sbyar  mixed   with  the  same   quantity  of 

water  L^.,*  ca^mnydm  id.,   ISa-mnydm  iib 

bteg  accurately  weighed  in  equal  parts  Lt; 

ca  isam,   ca  jira  tsa/m  in  part,    in  some 

measure ;  ca  ma  jdra  or  ma  mtun-fa  partly 

not  equal,   differing  a  little;    ca  tsam  hes 

kyan  even  if  one  knows  but  a  little  Mil. ; 

ifid  smon  ^os  ia  tsam  mi  ydd-has  it  being 

not  in  the  least  desirable;  ca-rdz6gs  being 

complete  in  every  part,    entire,   integral 

Sch.  —  Esp.  2.  the  half,  ndm^gyi  ca  stody 

die  first  half  of  the  night,    ndm-ggi  ca 

smad  the  second,  the  last  half  of  it.    Hence 

3.  the  one  part  of  a  pair,    similar  to  ya^ 

Iham  ca  yHg  the  one  boot;  ba  sgng-pa 

to  pair,  to  match,  to  couple  Sch. ;  an  equal, 

a  match,  ca-mfun-paj   ^a-^drd-ba^  C.  also 

^lorldh-wa* ^  similar,  resembling  Wdh,  and 

eleewh.;  la-Id  fdr-pa  ca-^m^fun  dge-ba  med 

some  have  no  virtue  befitting  (i.e.  leading 

to)  final  salvation  Thgy.;  cormid  without 

an  equal,  matchless;   id-ma-yin-pa  unfit, 

improper,  unbecoming  Sch.,  nag  ybdg-pa 

m  ca  ma  yin  not  obeying  will  not  do,  is 

out  of  place  Tar.  110, 11.  —  4.  a  pair,  = 

zm  ScL;  Zam.:  ot.  —  5.  share,  portion, 

lot,  mfsdr  -  sdtig  bltd  -  bai  cd  -  nas  mnyam 

being  equal  as  to  their  (respective)  share 

of  beauty  Glr. ;  dmdn-ca  ^dzin-pa  to  choose 

the  humbler  (inferior)  share,    i.e.   to  be 

humble,=dwan-8aotfem-pa  Mil.\  in  general : 

la  Jkm-pa  c.  genit.   to   adhere,    to    be 

attached  to  a  person  or  thing  Pth.\  kin 

nm-ia  nai  Ka  yin  ploughing  is  my  business, 

my  lot,  my  department  Dzl.\  cd-la  equally, 

in  equal  parts,  equally  divided,  Hd-ba  nyin 

dgu  misan  dgu  babi,  cd-la  nyin  mfsan  bco- 

^^dd  bobs  Mil'  there  was  a  fall  of  snow 


during  nine  days  and  nine  nights;  it  fell 
equally  portioned  out  to  da;s  and  nights, 
(together)  eighteen  (the  peculiar  mode  of 
reckoning  is  here  to  be  noticed). 

n.  news,  intelligence,  notice,  construed 
like  rgyus  and  ytam;  ytdm-ca  ^dri-ba=' 
ytam  ^dri-ba;  ca  yod^  ca  med  like  rgyus 
yod  and  rgyus  med;  nam  ^ci  ?a  mdd-kyi 
?08  the  doctiine  of  the  uncertainty  of  the 
day  of  death  Mil. ;  . . .  par  ca  mcis-te  there 
coming  news  or  intelligence  that . . . ;  skdd- 
ca  V.  8kad\  physically:  VOice,  SOUnd,  brdg- 
(Sa  echo;  intellectually:  prospect,  auspices, 
Mil.:  srdg-ca  prospects  of  life  (as  to  its 
length  and  preservation),  Hyim  -  ca  pro- 
spects regarding  the  household,  dgra  -  ?a 
prospects,  expectations  as  to  one's  enemies; 
Ham-  ?a*  C.  prospects  of  a  safe  journey 
(cf.  no  4). 

ni.  thing,  things,  relating  to  clothes, 
ornaments,  materials  etc.,  cf.  cos;  *go-lu»- 
ca  -  fsdn*  W.  a  complete  suit  of  clothes ; 
but  mostly  used  in  compounds:  ske-^a  neck- 
ornaments,  glo-ca  ornaments  suspended  to 
the  belt  or  girdle,  e.g.  strings  of  shells; 
dgds  -  ca  necessary  things  Cs. ;  mcod  -  ca 
things  necessary  for  sacrifices,  requisites 
for  offerings  Glr.;  mfsdn-ca  weapons;  ytg- 
ca  prob.  writings,  deeds,  documents  Glr.; 
*re-ca*  cottons,  cotton  fabrics  C;  lag-ca  n  ^ 
implements,  utensils,  goods,  baggage  etc,  ^  ^~ 
Glr.  —  There  is  still  to  be  noticed  the 
expression:  ca-bzdg-pa^  lit.  to  add  one's 
own  share  to  a  thing,  1.  to  adhere,  stick, 
or  cling  to,  to  follow,  obey  (laws);  sam- 
rgyds-kyi  bkd-la  ca  biag  they  adhere  to 
the  words  of  Buddha;  rgydl-poi  bkd-la  to 
obey  the  king  s  commandment.    2.  to  refer 

to(?)  a 

x-*y  ca-7'kydnLea.^  Sch.:  'share  of  destiny, 
^  '  of  fate;    consequence  of  one's  ac- 
tions' (?). 
x'nqr*  cd-mkan  soothsayer,  fortune-teller 

x«qr  ^d-ga  Mil.,  hem,  edge,  border;  M-ga 
'   ^debs'pa  to  hem,  to  turn  in  (the  edge 
of  cloth). 


152 


(5'2T|'Q^  U-ga-Jm 


« 


^wnfl    M-ga-JmC.^  Lex,  also  cd-ga- 

'  ^*  pa,  grasshopper. 
(5'^  ?«-S5^^»^.,S^A.:  'things  homogeneous, 

matched', 
x'n*  cd-ba,  pf.  and  imp.  so«  (the  regular 

form  cos  being  nearly  obs.  at  present), 
in  W.  the  usual  word  for  ^gro-ba  to  go, 
in  B.  little  used  and  only  in  later  writings, 
1.  to  go,  *8dr-te  M'be*  to  retire,  to  retreat 
slowly;  *da  ca  yin%  or  *da  cen*  adieu, 
good  bye,  farewell!  *da  Hen  zu*  resp.,  your 
servant!  (in  taking  leave);  *'d'^ru'80n*  go 
thither,  or  that  way!  *^d-ru  ma  ca*  do 
not  go  to  this  place,  do  not  step  this  way! 
to  travel,  *gydl4a*  (or  d^-mo,  ydg-po)  ca 
zi^  I  wish  you  a  safe  journey,  a  pleasant 
trip  to  you!  *ldg-te  cd-de*  to  return,  to 
go  or  come  back;  ^tin-la  M-b^  to  follow, 
to  come  after  or  later;  *?«  bu^  let  (him) 
go!  give  (it)  up!  let  (it)  alone!  to  be  gone, 
consumed,  spent,  used,  wasted,  *Hh  ^ndn- 
po  ca  yin*  a  great  deal  of  wood  will  go, 
will  be  consumed.  —  2.  to  become,  grow, 
get,  turn,  *fsan  Za  dug*  it  grows  night, 
it  is  getting  dark;  *gas  M  c^  to  grow 
old;  *ndg'po  son*  that  has  turned  black; 
*8eS'Kan  M-he*  to  get  information;  also 
with  la:  *  bag -ma-la  cd-ba*  {=  bdg-mar 
^grd'ba,  ^ynr-ba^  to  become  a  bride  Ma,\ 
*mdn-lami  ca*  this  is  not  used  for  medicine. 
—  3.  with  a  supine  (fi.)  or  a  verbal  root 
(col):  to  be  about,  to  be  on  the  point,  to 
be  going,  sleb-tu  M-bai  fse  when  they  were 
on  the  point  of  arriving  Mil. ;  nyi-ma  oCdr- 
du  cd-ba  dan  when  the  sun  was  just  going 
to  rise  Mil, ;  *me  hi  ca  dug*  the  fire  is  on 
the  point  of  going  out;  *nad  ii  ca  du^j 
the  disease  is  decreasing.  —  4.  with  the 
gerund  it  expresses  a  continuous  progress, 
a  gradual  operation,  an  effect  by  little 
and  little,  *hi  pd-te  ?a  dug*  the  water 
increases  from  day  to  day.  —  5.  with  the 
inf.  it  is  used  in  the  sense  of  the  future 
tense,  or  like  the  Greek  fiilleir:  to  intend, 
to  purpose,  *ci  Md-de  dir  hnh-ce  ?a  du^ 
how  long  does  he  (do  you  etc.)  intend  to 
stay?  *nam  lug  sdd-ce  Ha  du^  when  are 
you  going  to  kill  the  sheep? 


S^^<^  ca-hdr 

x'n*  Hd-bu,,  a  kind  of  little  ornament  worn 

'^    in  the  ears  Ld, 
e^'qc'  ^^  %^  1-  thing,  implement,  instru- 

^  '  ment,  e.g.  a  musical  instrument  Dd,^ 
a  surgical  instr.  Med,  —  2.  clothing,  dress, 
mi'sdug-pai  ca- by  ad-  dan  poorly  clothed, 
ra«rgcdM7.;  external  appearance,  also  of 
animals. 

(3B'wI'  Ha-tsdm  v.  ca  1 ,  1. 

(3B'(3b^'  Ha-tsdd  =s  co/g-tsad, 

(S'<^  ca-fsdn  species,  division,  class  &A. 

(5'^fe^'  ca-^dzin  v.  ?a  L,  5. 

(5'g^Wr  ca-t*dzdgs  v.  ca  J,  1. 

r-sr  Hd-ra  1.  oak,  also  man-  cd-ra  (on 
account  of  its  growing  only  on  the 
southern  ranges  of  the  Himalaya  mountains, 
inhabited  mostly  by  Non  -  Tibetans)  in 
several  species,  with  pointed,  evergreen 
leaves,  a  tree  much  inferior  in  beauty  to 
the  English  oak.  Hd-ra  pi*eu  Sch,i  *the 
stunted  or  dwarf- oak'.  —  2.  also  ca-ri, 
ca-li,  ca-lu,  a  coarse  sort  of  blanket  made 
of  yak's  hair. 

(5'^  cd-la  V.  ?a  I.,  5.  a^  ^^t-^ 

xroJ^y  cd-lag  1.  C.  implements,  instruments, 
'   required  for  the  carrying  on  of  a 
business.  —  2.  W,  things,  effects,  loggage. 
—  3,  Tar.  4:3,  18:   cd-lag  dan  bbds-pa 
rdzdgs  -par  sis  -pa  Schf, :  'the  systematic 
and  complete  understanding'. 
^'OIC"  ^^  "  ^^^  joined  with   rddb  -pa  Lex, 
and  Mil,,  meaning  not  known;  Wu, 
gives:  petite  lance  des  bonzes. 
-,.Q,«,  cd  -  lam  ^  hd-  lam,  some;  for  the 
most  part,  rather  C. 

(5w,    <5'^'  ca-lif  ca-lu  v.  sub  cd-ra, 

x'oisn^'  ca-lugs  clothing,   costume,  ap- 

N?  '      pearance. 
x'^^  ca-hds  part,  portion,  share,  bus-tyi 
'       Ha-hds    Q,   part   of  the  body,  a 
limb  etc.  *'-x|N'^-waaj*j  4^^  vio^  uo*^  l^^'t^M 

(5'^S^'  Ha-hdr  Chakhar,  a  Mongol  tribe  Sch, 


SP\  i^ag 


« 


153 


(SB^rpr^  cdgs-pa 


xm  iag  1.  dry  fodder  for  horses  and  other 
'  animals,  as  hay,  barley  etc.;  lag- 
yhn  trough,  manger,  crib.  —  2.  the  fourth 
finger  Med,  —  3.  resp.  for  shoe  Glr.^  also 
p}fag(-lhdm).  —  4.  iag-pib^a  Glr.  =  pi/ag 
pSb'pa,  —  5.  the  breadth  of  a  fist,  (fag 
gan  id ,  Mng,  frq.  —  6.  v.  cdgpa, 

(JCTT^^TWr^'  ca^-Cd)*''^*)  piece,  frag- 
'^^;f  ^   ^  ment  Z^.,  r%.;  ♦%. 

fim-la  son*  C.  it  has  gone  to  pieces. 

xpfTjrjX  <fag ' ski/a '  ba  Sch.:  'having  only 
'^       one  purpose,  pursuing  but  one 

aim;  unremitting,  indefatigable'. 

(5PW3^rr^r  ^ag-^a-cog-gi  (or  pyag^a-^ 
Pyog-g^'^)    various    things 

mixed  up  or  thrown  together,  medley. 

S^Tj'^fpr  cag-grum  Lex.  =  ^ag'dkrum(?). 

grngpr  ^^'^^ff  I-  1-  with  byed-pa,  ^debs- 
'      '  pa,  to  sprinMe,  besprinkle,   cm 

with  water,  Hdn-^tty  ldm-ma7n&  the  house, 

the  streets  B,,  C.  (W.  ♦?«*-  Ub*).  —  2. 

Sck :  cag-^dg  ydab-pa  to  Starch,  tO  stiffen. 
II.  W.  cag-ildg  dd-de*  to  tread,  to  trample, 

e.g.  the  narrow  paths  or  furrows  between 

garden-beds;  to  clap  the  hands. 

SP\$F^  ^ag-cdd  rent,  break,  rupture  Sch. 

SR^  ^^'dum  fragment,  piece,  crumb, 
'>!     scrap,  bit. 

$P\^c:  cag-^dm  doubtful,  incredible  Sch, 

gprq'  cdg-pa  1.  a  large  tuft  or  bunch  of 
flowers,  ears  of  corn  etc.  —  2.  pf. 
ot  Jdg-pay  broken;  ma  -  cdgQi)  - pa^  and 
esp.  adv.  ma-  cdg(8)  -par  also  cdg-med- 
par  uninterrupted,  unintermitting ;  uninter- 
ruptedly ;  gas  -  (fag  -  m^d  without  a  crack, 
flaw,  or  chink.  —  3.  lam  cdg-pa  v.  ^cag-pa. 
^if  ^dg-po  broken;  a  broken  vessel, 
pot  etc.,  a  pot-sherd;  tseUQpo)  cdg 
(-po)  a  broken  dosser  or  pannier. 
SWrn*  cdg-bu,  diminutive  of  Zag-pa^  a 

'no  little  bunch. 
gpi^  cdg-mo  bunch,  Jbi'ds-bu  Mg-mo  a 
fruit  growingin  the  form  of  bunches 


or  clusters,  like  the  grapes  of  the  vine, 

the  berries  of  the  elder  etc.  W. 

xsr^  cdg-tse  a  small  grain,  e.g.  of  ground 

'       grits,  ^cdg'tse-can*  granulOUS;  *bdg' 
pe  ^dg-tse-dan^  ground  grits,   W.;  Hind, 
so&jee. 
xffrds'  iSag^tsdd  Sch.:  the  right  measure, 

'      '   dug  ster  ^a>g-tsdd  if  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  poison  has  been  administered 
to  a  person,  Med. 
xnr^jr^^^'^n  a  wooden  splint  for  a 

'  •  '      broken  limb,  *itcg  -  de*  to  put  it 
on  W. 

<3CT^Z^'  cdgs'pa  I.  frq.  for  ^dg-pa  2. 

n.  vb.  to  be  begotten,  produced;  ma- 

cdgs'pa  not  begotten  or  produced  in  the 
usual  way  of  propagation,  but  =  rdztis'te 
skyes-pay  or  Uvun-gyis  gHib-pa  Pth.  frq.; 
mndl-du  cdgs-pa  to  be  produced  in  the 
womb,  as  the  foetus  is;  hence  cags  in 
compounds :  animal,  Jlab  -  ^dgs^  ysog -  cdgs  ^<<\  d>  ^<n(  ' 
winged  animal,  bird;  srogr-?(t^s  in  general r^**-^/- ^^^ 
a  living  being,  an  animal,  =  sSms-dan; 
opriil-gyi  fmJrMgs  Glr.  prob.  as  much  as 
a  wonderful  child,  a  prodigy;  Un-la  ^dgs- 
pa  to  grow  on  a  tree,  of  fruits;  and  in 
general:  to  rise,  arise,  spring  up,  originate, 
of  the  world,  of  new  works,  buildings, 
empires,  customs,  of  eruptions  on  the 
skin;  *zil-pa  ^ags  son*  W.  dew  has  fallen; 
to  come  forth,  to  appear,  =  Jn/un-ba,  e.g. 
^dd-^u  (fdgs-pa  to  come  to  light,  to  appear 
MU.;  *ntd  cogs*  W.  sweat  comes  forth, 
breaks  out,  I  perspire;  even:  rdb-tu  Mgs- 
pa  =  rdb^tu  Jbyun-ba  to  become  a  cleric 
(little  used);  ^ags-rdbs  genesis,  history  of 
the  beginning,  esp.  of  the  world;  cags- 
fyfltl  1.  manner  of  beginning,  origin,  pro- 
creation i/<?(]?.  2.  W.  form,  figure,  demeanour, 
*i!ags'fsul  sdg-po*  coarse,  rude,  rough. 

in.  l.^vb.  to  love,  QqSiv),  bu-mo-la 
a  girl;  sky^^pa  dan  na-^n  ybig  ^dgs-pa 
the  mutual  affection  between  a  man  and 
a  maiden;  tender  attachment  in  general, 
connubial,  parental  and  filial  love,  yid-la 
(fdgS'pai  bu-mo-mams  my  dearly  beloved 
daughters  Pth.;  ardent  desire  or  lonpng 

10* 


154 


($Cr  JSan 


« 


S^  ISad 


for  sometking^  grdgs-pa-la  for  glory;  to 
be  attached  to,  to  ding  to,  e.g.  lus  dan  srdg- 
la  cogs ' pa  to  life,  ydl-la  to  one's  home, 
to  one's  jiative  country;  often:  to  suffer 
one's  self  to  be  enticed  by  a  thing,  to 
indulge  in;  'idgs-par  mi  bya  Jigs-par  mi 
hydr%te  allowing  neither  desire  nor  fear  to 
have  any  influence  upon  himself  >Sam6.  — 
2.  sbst.  love  (J^Q<jii9\  luet,  passion  for,  affec- 
tion, attachment,  Mg^-pa  sky^-so  he  fell 
in  love  DzL ;  cdga-pa  spyddrpa  ■=  Jhig-pa 
spyddrpa.  According  to  Buddhistic  theory 
all  cdgs-pa  is  a  great  evil,  as  it  betrays 
a  troubled  state  of  mind,  and  a  repre^ 
hensible  attachment  to  external  things;  yet 
even  a  saint,  so  far  advanced  in  dispassion 
and  apathy  as  Milaraspa,  may  sometimes 
be  caught  in  very  tender  a£Fections  and 
sensations  of  ^dgs-pa,  very  like  those  of 
other  human  creatures. 

Comp.  ^ags-sdan  i .  Schr.  love  and  hatred, 
2.  Olr.^  Pth.  jealousy  Qoye  showing  itself 
in  hatred),  also  cags-sddn-^  prag-dog,  — 
cags-spydd  coition,  copulation,  cf.  Zdgs-pa 
III.,  2.  —  cags-Hn^  also  ienrldgs  =  Mgi- 
pa  sbst.  MU.;  *^agS'iSn  dd-de*  W.,  to  love, 
c.  la;  'SagS'i^  m^d-pa  dispassionate,  in- 
different to  all  terrestrial  things.  —  ^ags- 
sims  =  ^ags  -  zdn.  —  cdgs  -  9red  -  ^an  Pth. 
lustful,  libidinous,  wanton.3  a)^N  k  ci^aw*. 
xr*  2<m  (m)  resp.  skyemSy  ysol-fan^ 
rnidd*  ?a«  C,  a  fermented  liquor, 
beer,  wine,  (not  'brandy'  Sch,);  bu  sky^- 
pa-la  miAy  }^an  drdns-pa-la  yfam  proverb : 
to  the  new -bom  child  a  name  (is  due), 
to  the  beer  to  be  drunk  a  talk;  nds-ifan  beer 
made  of  barley  (the  usual  kind);  brds- 
can  of  rice  Glr,;  grd-^an  of  wheat  Ci.;  W- 
ramfir^anj  or  bur-can  of  sugar  Med,;  rgiin^ 
can  wine;  zbrdn  -  tan  Med.  honey  -  wine, 
mulse,  mead?  rus-Kan  Med.f  —  zds-tan, 
zdn-  l^ah  eating  and  drinking,  meat  and 
drink.  —  doh^^  tig-,  and  bm-tah  v.  sub 
bdg-ma.  —  Fig.:  btitn-ba  dran-des  bdud- 
rtsii  tan  my  drink  is  the  wine  of  wisdom's 
nectar  Mil.  — 

Here  the  process  of  brewing  may  be 
mentioned.    When  the  boiled  barley  (Lrf. 


*sbo-bdd^j  Ts.  *falA)  has  grown  cold,  some 
*pabs^  (<!•▼•)  is  added,  after  which  it  is 
left  standing  for  two  or  three  days,  until 
fermentation  commences,  when  it  is  called 
ghtm.  Having  sufficiently  fermented,  some 
water  is  poured  to  it,  and  the  beer  is 
considered  to  be  ready  for  use.  If  proper 
care  is  taken  (and  the  people  of  U  and 
Ladak  generally  do  so),  tbe  pale  beer, 
thus  obtained,  is  not  amiss,  and  sparkles 
a  good  deal,  but  not  being  hopped  it  does 
not  keep  long.  The  people  of  Lahoul  are 
accustomed  to  press  out  the  glum  with 
their  hands,  instead  of  filtering  it,  and 
mismanage  the  business  also  in  other  re- 
spects, so  that  their  tan  is  a  gray  muddy 
liquor,  that  has  hardly  any  resemblance 
to  beer.  The  residue  of  malt,  called  sbdn- 
ma^  may  be  mixed  with  water  or  milk, 
pressed  through  a  strainer,  and  used  instead 
of  barm  in  baking  bread,  cakes  etc. 

Comp.  tdn-/can  boer-liouse,  pot-liouse, 
tavern,  —  ton-  ban  drinking  -  cup  or  bowl 
Sch,  Wt».  —  tan- tern- ban  an  intoxicated 
person.  —  tdn-tem-sa  Lex.  prob.  =  tdnsa. 
—  tan  -  ^fun  -  m/lan  a  beer-drinlcer;  *tdn- 
Jun-Uan  mdn-po  dzom^  a  great  beer- 
drinking  bout  takes  place  W.  —  ^tan-dad- 
ban*  a  drunlcard,  tippler  W.  —  tdn-Uiigs  = 
tan -ban  Sch  —  tdh-Json-gi  Kyim  beer- 
house Dzl  —  tdnsa  1.  beer-house  2.  beer- 
carousal,  tdn-sa  tSn-po  byed-pa  to  give 
or  arrange  a  great  beer-drinking  bout  Mil. 

^C^C'  tan-tun  a  little  Sch. 

xr-  tad  1.  also  tad-ddn,  tad-mdo,  W. 
^  *tdd-ka*^  promise,  engagement,  agree- 
ment Ua-tdd  oral,  verbal  engagement,  Utg- 
tdd  pledge  of  faith  by  hand;  tad-d&n 
bySd-pa,  *tddrka  bd-be^  zkm-b^  W.,  to  give 
a  promise,  make  a  contract;  yton  -  (bai) 
tad(-don)  by^d-pa  to  agree  about  giving; 
tadrdon  Itar  byid-pa  to  keep,  fulfil  a  pro- 
mise; tad-rdd  1.  the  stone  which  is  broken 
in  the  ceremony  of  rdo  ybog  -  pa  q.  v. 
2.  monument,  memorial  of  a  covenant.  — 
2.  in  compounds  also  for  ^dci^a punishment, 
lus-tdd  corporeal  punishment. 


^<^ 


i^^.<^^^^ 


:z,2-  -N     ai 


I     \ 


<s 


155 


XJrn'  cad' pa  I.  sbst.,  resp.  bka-'idd, 
'  punishment;  the  preceding  genit, 
contrary  to  our  usage,  is  the  genit.  of  the 
punishing  person,  thus:  rgydl-poi  idd-pa 
a  punishment  of  the  magistrates,  i.  e.  a 
punishment  decreed  or  inflicted  by  the 
magistrates,  frq.;  seldom,  if  ever,  genit. 
of  the  punished  action,  and  never  that  of 
the  punished  person.  In  classical  language 
the  usual  construction  of  the  words  is  the 
following:  iddrfos  yhdd-pa  to  punish,  mi 
Hg  -  la  somebody,  . .  ,pas  or  . . .  pai  pyir 
for  having...;  in  more  recent  literature: 
iddrpa  ybddrpa  Thgr,^  Glr.;  cddrpa  fdb^pa 

1.  to  receive  the  fine  incurred  by  another 

2.  to  suffer  punishment,  to  pay  a  fine; 
nd'la  Mdrpa  pog  punishment  is  inflicted 
on  me,  I  am  punished. 

n.  1.  to  promise^  e.g.  bM-las  mi  ^dl- 
bar  to  obey.  —  2.  v.  sub  Jcdd-pa, 

lU.  adj.  begotten,  i)om,  descended  from ; 
the  Tibetans  are  ebreu  dan  srin-mo-nas 
(or  las)  cdd^a  the  o&pring  of  a  monkey 
and  a  Raksbasi  Glr.;  M-nas  Idd^ai  bu 
a  full  child  Glr. 
^i^q-  ^ddrpo  1.  rent,  torn,  worn-out,  ragged, 

'       tattered,  sgyi-gu  ^dd-po  a  leaky 
purse.  —  2.  a  limited  time,  a  term  Sch. 
gr-^mr  iad-yiff  a  written  contract;  ^ad- 

^        '   mdh-gyi  yi^e  Olr,  id. 
xr'Q»rn'  ^dd'-lus'pa  not  to  obtain  the 

I  ^  things  hoped  for,  to  be  disap- 

pointed Sch. 
xr*%f  ifdd-80  1.  a  limited  time,  a  term. 

'    ^  —  2.  a  time-purchase  ScL  —  3.  an 
agreement  Tar. 

XX-  ^an,  also  {fan-f&g  8ch.y  boiled  corn  or 
^  barley  etc.;  Jbras-Mn  rice-pap,  nas- 
(Son  barley-pap. 

xx-n*  ^dn-pa  a  pair  of  SCissors,  but  the 
^  common  people  know  only  shears, 
which  are  for  various  purposes;  the  scissors 
mentioned  in  surgical  books  are  prob.  of 
a  nicer  construction. 

M-  ?ai,  resp.  and  cleg,  ior  ht  1.  water, 

dri'idb  scented  water;  sna-Mb,  pyi- 

'^dby  water  which  at  the  beginning  and 

close  of  the  meetings  in  the  large  mo- 


SjS^^  Mm-^a 


nasteries  is  handed  round,  and  of  which 
every  one  present  takes  a  few  drops  on 
his  tongue,  as  a  symbol  of  purification, 
in  place  of  the  original  ablutions.  —  2.  for 
other  fluids,  as  spyan  ^  Idb  tears,  iaUMb 
spitUe,  ysan-Mb,  or  ^ab-ysdn  urine,  bor^ab 
cow's  urine  (so  with  the  Hindoos  inZ^.,  the 
cow  being  to  them  a  sacred  animal).  — 
3.  in  some  compounds:  power,  dominion, 
authority.  —  cab-rkydn  brass  can,  brass- 
(tea)  pot  with  a  long  spout  for  pouring 
out  tea,  W.;'  also  n.  for  Tibet,  perh.  on 
account  of  the  large  consumption  of  tea 
there.  —  ^ab-Uun  privy  Ca.  —  ^ab-sgd 
door,  iab'&go-pa  door- keeper,  porter.  — 
*^'dd*  (spelling  dubious)  a  wooden  pail, 
of  a  similar  shape  as  ?a6  -  rhfdn  W.  — 
iab-brdmy  ?ai-rd?»  ico.  —  ^ab-bliig  C.  a 
vessel  for  rinsing  one's  mouth  with  water. 
^ab-mig  eleg.  for  hi-mig  fountain,  spring. 
—  ^ab-tis6d  eleg.  a  watch,  a  dock.  —  JfoA- 
^dg  what  is  subjected  to  a  person's  sway, 
territory,  dominion  etc.,  ^ab-^dg-tu  sd&'ba 
to  subject;  (lab-^dg-gi  rgydUpo  a  vassal, 
feudal  tenant  Trig.;  'Sab-^dg-pa,  also  hxb- 
Jbdns  one  owing  allegiance  to  a  sovereign, 
a  subject.  —  'Sah^hdg  Cs,  eleg.  for  letter, 
diploma  etc.  —  ?ai  -  «^  eleg.  for  hi  -  sA* 
matter,  pus. 

^^gr  Mb-ma  W.,  C,  also  MU.,  lid,  valve; 
buckle,  clasp,  Zdb  -  ise,  or  iSdb  -  rise 
a  id. 
xflxr  (fabs  Lex.  ^abs-yUg  Sch.  =  fahs'-ybig 

together. 
xjt-  ?aw,  in  ^dm-la  Jbibs-pa  Lex.  w.e.; 
Sch. :  to  throw  down,  to  cause  to  lie 
down;  to  subdue,  subject;  to  spend,  con- 
sume, to  have  done  with;  by  this  last  sig- 
nification it  would  be  a  syn.  to  zin-pa, 
and  the  circumstance  that  ^ams  is  used 
in  Balti  as  an  auxiliary  vb.  of  the  pf. 
tense  agrees  with  that  supposition,  e.g. 
*2an  zds-se  ISams*  I  have  done  eating,  = 
Z08  zin  B. 

xwq«  Mrjp-pa  1.  cold  (in  the  head),  ca- 
tarrh; sne-Mm  id.;  gre-tam  catarrh 
in  the  throat,  bronchial  catarrh;  gh-tdm 
catarrh  in  the  lungs;  rims-cdm  an  infects 


166 


^6S|'^  tam'-mi 


(S 


^1^1^  s-K-fo' 


ing  or  epidemic  catarrh.  —  2.  C«.  =  ^Jaw- 

fa  accord,  accordance. 

^^^  iam-mi  slowly,  by  degrees,  gradually 

Schr.  (cf.  ^em-^m^, 
xj^  <^«^5  termin.  of  ca,  1.  Into  parts,  e.g. 
bgd-ha  to  divide  into  parts.  —  2.  as 
an  equal,  as  a  match,  ...  /a  car  mi  pod 
he  is  not  an  equal  to,  cannot  come  up 
to . . .  Thgy, ;  . . .  dan  stdii  -prag  -  ^ar  mi 
nye  prob.:  he  does  not  come  up  to . . .  at 
all  (Ht.  not  for  the  thousandth  part)  Pth. ; 
so  in  a  similar  manner:  hrgyai  }^ar  yah 
mi  sleb  Tar.  —  3.  affixed  to  numerals, 
and  sometimes,  though  less  correctly,  writ- 
ten ^ar,  q.v.  The  terminations  of  the  cases 
mag  be  affixed  to  it:  Ina  Mr-gyis  every 
fifth  day  Thgy. 

xx^  ^ar^  also  Mr-pa^  1.  rain,  ?ar  cm-po 
a  plentiful  rain,  ^ar  drdg-po^  or  drag- 
car  a  heavy  rain;  ^ar  cen^pas  or  ^-bas 
as  it  rained  heavily  Pth,;  car  Jb4bs-pa  to 
cause  to  rain;  car  Jbab  it  rainSj'^W.  *  car- 
pa  yon* ;  ^dr-cfyi  rgyun  a  sudden  or  violent 
shower  of  rain  Tar.  —  2.  at  Kyelang  for 
watering-pot;  this  utensil  having  never  been 
seen  there  before,  the  word  was  at  first 
applied  to  it  jestingly,  but  is  now  gene- 
rally adopted;  cu-fsdg  'water-sieve'  would 
be  more  correct.    cLc^  vc^  '  ^    <■   u    '  r 

Comp.  car-skyibs  a  Shelter,  pent-roof,  pro- 
tecting from  rain.  —  ^ar-M^bs  dress  against 
rain,  rain-cloak.  —  car-ban,  vdr-Jdan  rainy 
Cs.  —  Mr-cu  rain-water.  —  ^dr-dus  rainy 
season.  —  ^ar  -  ^dod  (-byeu)  n.  of  a  bird, 
water-ousel.  —  ^ar-sprin  a  rain-threatening 
cloud.  —  *^ar-bht*  (?)  C  rain -cloak.  — 
^ar-rlun  rain  and  wind  Cs.  —  *'Sar-Hn^ 
=  carskyibs  W.  —  car-Un  the  coping  or 
water-tile  of  a  wall  Cs. 

SP^^  M,  sku-Ml  resp.  belly,  abdomen,  Cs. 

xnyxpv  cal-cil  Lex.^  wavering,  fluctuating 

Sch. 
^pf^'  cal-M  Tar.  184,  20  « /oZ-Za- 

Q^ol-le. 

xaj'g^JX'fl^OJ'fl'  ^dl-mar  brddl-ba  to  spread 
^         equally,  uniformly  (vb.  a.) 


x;^  ^ds  (Sch.  ^ds-ka)  cf.  <ki  DI.,  1.  tMng, 
tool,  requisite  etc.^  si-mo-da-la  sdgs- 
pai  ^ds-kyis  brgydn-te  adorned  with  or- 
naments of  pearls  and  other  things  AfU,; 
dga^tdn-gyi  cos  rgya  i^-po  grand  festival 
arrangements;  ^as  d^-mams  bsig  overtom 
the  whole  affair!  Glr.;  bdg-mar  rdzon^bai 
ca»  things  to  be  given  to  her  as  a  dowry 
Tar.  121,  5;  Ibdgs-^as  iron  tools  or  uten- 
sils; Ito-cas  food;  drrmg-^as  military  stores, 
requisites  for  war  Pth. ;  ^fyd^iSas  provisions 
Mil.;  Idg-  cas  tool,  instrument  Cs.  —  2. 
dress,  garment,  pd  -  cos  man's  dress;  cas- 
gds,  W.  ^gdn-ce*,  coat,  dress;  in  a  more 
general  sense:  appearance,  form,  shape, bud- 
med-kyi  <^ds-su  bydste  appearing  in  the 
shape  of  a  woman  Gbr. ;  h&r-^ojs  byed  he 
puts  on  a  Mongol  dress  3/a.;  bu-moi  cds- 
su  hugs  he  puts  on  a  girl's  dress,  disgaises 
himself  as  a  girl  Glr.,  Pdi.\  cos  sgyur^ba 
to  put  on,  to  assume  another  dress. 
XSJ'H'  cds-pa,  originally  the  pf.  of  Jfa-io, 
but  always  used  as  a  separate  vb. 
1.  to  set  out,  set  forth,  depart,  cos  dgos-par 
as  I  must  depart  from  here  Thgy.;  bddr 
du  cds-so  they  set  out  for  Tibet  Ghr.\  dus- 
ybig-tu  ^ds-so  they  departed  at  the  same 
time  Dzl.;  cds-su  ojug-pa  to  send  away,  dfe- 
patch;  mgydgs-cas  ytdn-ba  to  rush,  ran  to- 
wards. —  2.  to  set  about,  to  begin,  ;«W- 
par  to  kill;  ^6-bar  ids- pa-las  when  he 
made  arrangements  to  depart  Dd. ;  also  in 
the  following  manner;  da  pyir  jdM-no  ies 
ids '  pa  'now  we  will  return'  they  said, 
making  preparations,  or:  saying  thu§,  they 
made  preparations  Dzl.;  fugs  cds-so  he  had 
set  his  mind  on  departing  MiL 

dB'  a  num.  fig.:  36. 

^*^'  (H-ka  wallet,  knapsack  W. 

S>\^J(h-tra  W.  variegated,  figured,  of  fabrics. 

^'SJ'SJ'  ^'H'li  onomatopoetic  word  for 
snuffing  up  scents  by  the  nose; 
*iim%-!tim  di-ma  ci-li-li  llyer^  C.  sweet  odours 
of  cakes  are  meeting  us;  m^-tog  dri-ma 
H-li-li  the  perfumes  of  flowers  are  per- 
ceptible MiL 


'i 


obS' 


^m  ^  •*  /^  one,  as  the  first  part  of 
'  compound  numbers:  Mg-hhi  10,  S^- 
ir^rya  100,  ^g-ston  1000,  %-Afn  a  myriad 
etc;  also:  (Hg-rkydn  Lea.,  Schr.:  'separate, 
single,  one  alone';  cigsb/h  Med,y  'IHg-tdn 
MedJ  —  ctg-fub  n.  of  a  plant  Med.;  Sch. 
also:  cig^fub-pa  to  be  able  to  do  a  thing 
alone ;  cig-^ril  Sch, :  rolled,  wrapped,  packed 
up  (in  one  parcel  or  bundle);  ^-Idb  by^d- 
pa  to  talk  to  one's  self,  to  hold  a  soliloquy 
Sckr. 

^(^'  »«(«)  V.  ^m^a. 
3b^^  fid-pa  V.  pyidrba, 
3b^^  iHb^a  equal,  uniform,  suitable  Sch. 

^^/^•\  fibs  (-pa)  resp.  hOfSe,  riding- 
horse,  saddle-horse,  fibs-la  ^fib- 
pa  (for  rtd-la  i&n-pa)  to  get  on  horseback, 
to  mount;  to  go  on  horseback,  to  ride; 
W)s-las  ykdl-ba  to  dismount,  *cib8  idl-la 
nan*  C\  may  your  honour  please  to  dis- 
mount; Hy^d-kyi  fibssu  Jml  I  give  it  you 
for  a  riding-horse  Mil, 

Comp.  cibs'ka  Jcrid-pa  to  lead  a  horse 
by  the  bridle  Schr.;  cibs-Ua  tub-pa  to  have 
the  conamand  of  the  bridle,  fig. :  to  be  ex- 
pert in  ruling  Ld.-Glr.  p.  14,  a,  Schl.  where 
j^yibs  is  incorr.).  —•  fibs-cds  a  horse's  fur- 
niture, harness  Cs.  —  fibs- fur  the  head-piece 
of  a  bridle.  —  fibs-dpdn  a  master  groom, 
equerry.  —  fihs-rd  a  stable  for  horses. 

^  fu  I.  num.  fig.:  66. 

II.  sbst.  (resp.  fab)  1.  water;  fu  dan 
sai  bu  is  said  to  be  a  poetical  name  for 
wood;  Jbdb-fu  lit.  descending  water,  viz. 
brook,  river,  also  rain.  —  2.  brook,  river, 
hi  Jiyam-po  overflowing  rivers,  floods 
Ma,;  fdn-fu  a  river  or  rivulet  of  the  plain; 
ri-yzdr-fu  cataract,  mountain  torrent  Glr. 
—  3.  water  in  the  body:  snyin-fu  dropsy 
in  the  pericardium,  pdgs-fu  anasarca  Med.; 
pdgs-cu-zugs  one  suffering  from  anasarca; 
V.  also  fti-sh';  esp.  euphem.  for  urine;  mi- 
S*  urine  of  men,  bd-fu  of  cows  Med.;  fu 
ni  cu  ^dra  the  urine  is  like  water  Med.  — 
4.  V.  cu-iM. 

Comp.    fu-klun  river,  e.g.  fii-klun  gan- 


« 


157 


^'  ^ 


gd  the  river  Ganges  Dzl.  —  fu-kUn  Cs.: 
'the  body  of  a  river',  yet  v.  kUm.  —  fti- 
dkyil  the  middle  of  a  river.  —  ai-rkydl  a 
leather  bag  for  water  Cs.  —  fu-skdd  the 
voice  of  the  waters,  the  sound  of  rushing 
water.  —  cu-skdr,  ran-tdg-fu-sk6r  water^ 
mill  Glr.  —  fu-skyur  n.  of  a  bird  Thgy.y 
Sch.:  'bittern,  snipe';  also  n.  of  a  plant.  —  fu- 
skyiir  I.  Lt\  acidulous  mineral  waters  2. 
C:  vinegar.  —  fu-skyis  'water-bom',  the 
lotus  Glr.  —  fu-skydr  a  handful  of  water. 
fu-Ua  the  bank  or  brink  of  a  river.  — 
fu-Uug  bay,  gulf.  —  fu-Jcur  containing 
water,  po.  for  cloud;  a  native  proposed  to 
use  this  word  also  for  sponge,  which  is  a 
commodity  hitherto  unknown  in  Tibet.  — 
fu-Jiyil  puddle,  pool.  —  fu-gdn  1.  full  of 
water.  2.  —  fu-sgdii  (v.  sgan)  which  latter 
is  prob.  the  more  correct  spelling.  3.  Dzl. 
99^,  2;  ^^9y  18  «  ^^  virtue,  honesty, 
V.  Schf.  on  this  passage.  —  fu-gin  a  sort 
of  knife;  Tar.AZy  1  Schf.  razor;  also  the 
attribute  of  a  god,  a  weapon  with  a  curved 
blade  Stg.  —  fu-gr6g  Sch. :  rivulet,  brook; 
dish-water,    rinsings;    boiled    water (?). 

—  fu- mgd  C.  source  or  head  of  a  river. 

—  fu-gdgs  stoppage  or  retention  of  urine, 
ischury,  fu-gdgs  Jbigs  the  ischury  is  re- 
moved (lit.  bored  through)  Med.  —  fu- 
^grdm  bank  of  a  river;  fu-gi'dm-gyi 
Hn  a  tree  on  the  edge  of  a  river,  a  me- 
taphor for  frail  and  perishable  things.  — 
fu-rgyun  the  streaming,  continual  flow- 
ing, current,  often  fig.  —  fu-sgon  the  wa- 
ter-egg, po.  for  moon  Sch.  —  fu-ndgs  v. 
ndgs.  —  *fu-ta-gir*  W.  flour-dumplings, 
boiled  in  water.  -  *fu-stdn*  W.  swaddling- 
cloth.  —  *c^'td^W.  calamus,  sweet-scented 
flag,  or  some  similar  plant.  —  fu- turns 
Sch.:  'a  swelling  in  the  flesh,  or  a  tumour 
filled  with  water'.  —  fu-mtd  the  side  or 
bank  of  a  river,  *fu-td  ts^-pa*  (the  ava- 
lanche came  down)  even  to  the  river  side. 

—  fu-ddr  Wdk.  a  small  prayer-flag  stuck 
up  close  to  the  river,  in  order  to  avert  in- 
undations. —  fu-dug  Sch.:  'a  poisonous 
plant,  hemlock',  but  Tibetans  usually  un- 
derstand by  it  the  stupefying  power  ascribed 
to  certain  rivers.  —  fu-d6n  a  deep  well.  — 


rM\ 


158 


^'  ^ 


« 


^'  ^ 


—  ?t^^ndd  a  jet,  a  spouting  forth  of  water 
Med.  —  ht-mdd  ^mouth  (of  a  river),  spoat 
(of  a  tea-pot)'  Sch,;  but  v.  mcu,  —  cu- 
mddg  the  colour  of  urine  Med.  —  <kt-rdd 
C\  small  rounded  pebbles,  as  in  brooks.  — 
(Su-ndg  inundation,  flood  (?^  Ma.  —  cu- 
mdg  matter,  pus  Sch.  —  hi-sndd  1.  pitcher, 
jug.  2.  Schr.:  chamber -pot  (yet  in  W.  at 
least  this  article  of  luxury  is  not  known). 

—  ^-pa  water-carrier.  —  hi-pydg-pa  is 
enumerated  among  other  synonyms  to  grn- 
puy  signifying  a  ferry-man,  water-man.  — 
hjHprdn  a  little  river,  brook.  —  cur-bdr  1. 
('between  the  waters')  isthmus,  neck  of  land. 

2.  p.  n.  of  a  place  in  Tibet.  —  cu-bdl  n. 
of  an  aquatic  plant  Wdn,  —  ihi-bun  white 
paint  for  the  face  Sch.  —  cu-bdr  J .  bubble, 
also  cut  hi-bur  2.  blister,  bladder,  vesicle, 
e.g.  occasioned  by  a  bum  or  a  vesicatory 
Lt.  3.  boi^ulcer,  abscess  2%^.,  4.  icd  ?w- 
bur  a  word  describing  the  foetus  five  days 
after  conception  Thgy.  —  ^^  bur- can  1. 
n.  of  a  hell  Thgy.  2.  the  eye  Schr.  —  M- 
bo  river,  frq.,  iu-bo-ri  n.  of  a  mountain 
with  a  monastery  two  days'  journey  from 
Lhasa  Glr.  —  hi-byd  a  water-bird;  Sch,: 
hi-byd  dkdr-po  swan,  hi-byd  mgo-drndr 
stork  (not  known  in  W.).  —  ht-byi  water^ 
ratiS^A.  --  hi-Jhag  v.  Jbag.  —  hi^bur  1.  Sch.i 
'driftwood  and  the  like\  prob.  more  cor- 
rectly :  thin  pieces  of  wood,  chips,  chaflF  etc. 
floating  on  the  water.  2.  water-beetle  Med. 

—  hi'sbrul  water -snake,  not  a  mytho- 
logical conception,  like  klu^  but  a  really 
existing  animal,  though  for  Tibetans  a 
somewhat  faboulous  one,  as  they  have  ne- 
ver seen  the  creature  itself.  The  eel  {Sch.) 
can  hardly  be  meant  by  it.  —  ^-mtg  I. 
spring,  fountain  frq.   2.  n.  of  a  vein  Med. 

—  Su-rtsd  V.  ^"(hi,  BS  Bk  separate  article. 

—  ^fsdgs  I.  a  strainer,  sieve,  2.  watering- 
pot  —  hc-fsdn  1.  hot  water,  2.  warm 
water,  not  too  hot  for  drinking  Med.  3.  a 
hot  spring  Sch.  —  'Su-fsod  1.  the  clepsydra 
or  water-clock  of  ancient  India.  2.  clock 
in  general,   cu^fsod-Jidr^lo  a  wheel-clock. 

3.  the  Indian  hour  =  \  Kyim  or  24  minutes. 

4.  the  European  hour;  W.i  *cu-fsdd  nyis 


ma  leb*  it  is  not  yet  two  o'clock.  —  Sm- 
^dzin  po.  cloud  MU.  —  hi-rdzd  earthen 
vessel  for  water,  water-jar.  —  hi-zin  {LexW 
Tfftwnf)  long  and  broad,  area,  superficial 
extent,  cu-^M  ttru-brgydd-pa  eight  cubits 
long  and  broad  Dzl.;  also  hi-ien-gdb^a^ 
e.g.  cU'Zen-gdb-par-la  dpag-fadd  brgydd-hu 
Glr.;  cu'zen-srab'fug  in  length,  breadth 
and  height;  also  separately:  <hir  dpag-tidd 
^V«o,  len-du  yah  :?V*®®,  mfa-dcdi'-du  dpag- 
fsdd  yoQco  ydd-pa  2600  miles  in  lengtfi, 
2500  miles  in  breadth,  10000' in  circum- 
ference; yet  except  in  this  connexion  he 
alone  is  never  used  for  length.  As  an- 
other signification  of  cu-ien-gdb-pa  Schr. 
mentions  moreover:  proportioned,  symme^ 
trical;  others  have:  beautiful,  great,  con- 
siderable, which  e.g.  is  its  proper  meaning 
in:  2w  -  ien  -  gdb  -  pa  nya  -  grodha  Stg.  the 
stately  fig-tree.  —  hi-z^  water-tub.  —  cu- 
zld  1.  the  image,  the  reflexion  of  the  moon 
in  the  water;  a  sort  of  deception  of  the 
senses  by  witchcraft  2.  the  water-month, 
the  first  month.  —  hi-yzdr  a  large  ladle  Ci. 

—  cu-bz&m  a  covered  bucket  for  carrying 
water.  —  hi-^dbs  water-ditch  Sch.  —  hjirytxr 
col.  water-rat  (?)  —  hi-rdgs  dam,  dike. —  hi- 
H  'hill  of  water',  billow.  —  ^w-rwrf  water 
rushing  in,  inundation,  deluge.  —  cu-rldbs 
wave,  billow  Dzl.  —  hc4dg  the  arm  of  a 
river  Glr.  —  cu-lud  Sch.  dung,  manure  (^?) 

—  m-W  n.  of  an  edible  plant  S.g.  —  ht^ 
I6g  floods.  —  cu'ldn,  dam,  dike  Tar.  56, 
15.  Lis.  —  hi-hin  wood  drifted  away  by 
the  water  =  hi^^ofm-^yi  Im  v.  above;  or 
the  translation  of  H^lft  plantain  or  ba- 
nana-tree with  its  spongy  wood,  in  the 
place  of  which  the  Tibetan  thinks  of  the 
J/m-bu.^  a  shrub  of  similar  qualities,  at 
any  rate  a  symbol  of  perishableness,  of 
the  frailty  of  life.  —  hiAiih  Sch.  surfEU^e 
of  the  water  (?)  —  hi-Ul  v.  lei.  —  hi- 
yUh  Dzl.  9^Q^  17,  a  ravine  containing 
water.  —  hi-sd  river-mud,  as  manure.  — 
hi-sdr  1.  animal  water,  serum,  whether 
normal,  or  of  a  morbid  character  Med.  — 
2.  matter,  pus.  —  cu-srdn^  =  ^  cu-fsod,  i.e. 
a  minute;  the  Indian  or  Tibetan  minute  is 


NDND 


« 


equal  to  24  of  our  seconds,  =  6  dbugs  Wdk.^ 
cf.  iki  -  fteW.  —  ?w  -  snn  a  water-  or  sea- 
^nster,  also  Capricoro  in  the  Zodiac.  — 
cU'lhd  water -god  (^Varuna);  also  «=  klui 

x'x*  ^<5i,  =  i!a-a3',  rhubarb,  iu-i^d  its 
^^  root,  used  as  dye  and  as  a  laxative  C 

^C  Stt-nw  four  years  ago  C,  TT. 

xw  cu-^a  1.  C.  a  man^s  dress,  coat,  — 
^      2.  water-carrier.    .  r^  v^  :  ^ 

x-q-  cti-6a  a  large  sinew,  of  which  there 
^  are  16  ace,  to  Tibetan  anatomy;  2iw- 
ha  Iddg-pa  a  contraction  of  the  sinews  Cs.j 
id'ba  lameness,  paralysis  of  the  sinews 
Sch  —  hirrgyuB  (^^TRj)  sinews,  ligaments 
and  nerves  (tfiere  are'SOO  rgyits-pa);  with 
respect  to  these,  as  well  as  to  the  veins, 
Tibetan  science  seems  to  be  rather  in  the 
dark.  —  hirrUd  'sinew-veins',  a  term  com- 
ing nearest  to  what  we  call  the  nerves.  — 
curbct-lna-lddfiy  and  Ina-Un  Cs,  names  of 
countries  in  India. 

§'5r^*  fu-ma^risi  a  medicinal  herb  Med. 

^  an  infant,  baby. 

X'^f  ?w-8d  the  external  and  internal  uri- 
^       nary  organs. 

^  (hiff  Y.  Jvg-pa. 

SC'fl"  ^^"^^  ^-  ^^V  ^1-  cun-nu^  W,  also 
^^  *2fin-8fi*,  little,  small,  cuh-c^-pas 
DzL  when  he  was  very  little;  young,  bu 
^n-ba  or  -nu  the  younger  or  the  youngest 
son;  lo'ifun  young  in  years;  ma-hm  the 
younger  sister  of  the  mother;  ^'d-^pa  cim- 
«u*  the  younger  brother  of  the  father;  the 
younger  or  the  youngest  of  the  fathers  (in 
polyandry);  ^n-nvrna»  up  from  infancy; 
(Sun-^dgs  an  early  friend,  friend  of  one's 
yonth;  iun-zdd  a  little,  cf.  cun-zad;  cun- 
{gyi)  sri  a  devil  devouring  infants,  infants- 
devil;  *nyin-Kdm-^  no-^mig-y  podr^y  OT*nyom- 
Sin-«*  W.  shy,  timid.  —  2.  vb.  to  be 
little,  small  etc.,  snyin  ma  hin  Hg  Glr.,  be 
not  timorous^  do  not  fear!  ^dun-^ma  rgya 
TMhiAHg  let  the  consultation  not  be  tri- 


fling, let  at  once  something  of  moment  be 
consulted;  ^dun-ma  rgya  mi  Hun^r  bt/edr- 
do  let  us  now  decide  on  important  things 
Glr,;  cuns-^a  pf.,  cuns^pa  yin^nam  is  it 
too  unimportant?  MU.  (hin-Jug  v.ja). 
xrw  ^/i-w«,  C,  also  ^iun-grdgs^  (kin- 
^^  ^dris*,  resp.  btsun-mOy  wife,  COnsort, 
partner  B.,  6'.;  Un-pa  to  marry;  mi  Hg-gi 
cun-mar  byed^pa  to  be  made  a  man's  wife, 
to  be  married: 

,  Vj-«  hid  occurs  only  in  Hd-yzon-pUy  ^yson- 
P^y  -/«an-pa,  -za-ba^  seldom  -^dza-ba 
(Lex.)  to  consume,  spend,  waste;  hid  m 
zd-ba  inexhaustible. 

xjrq-  ^drpa  =  Jsiid'pay  Jug-pa,  to  go, 
^^  get  in  or  into,  to  enter,  to  |iut  in  or 
into  etc.,  to  go  into  a  town  Dzlr,  of  food 
entering  the  body  Dzl.',  gan  yan  rUn-ba 
mi  hidrpa  med  all  without  distinction  may 
enter  (my  religion),  says  Buddha,  in  op- 
position to  the  aristocratic  exclusiveness  of 
Brahmanism  DzL;  fugs-su  cud-pa,  resp., 
to  impress  on  one's  mind;  Uon-du  v.  Hon" 
pa;  ^dg-tu  to  subject  Tar.;  grdbs-su  c.  ac- 
cus.  to  procure,  to  provide  or  furnish  one's 
self  with  a  thing  Mil.  '<        \  ^    ' 

hin,   occurs  in  itn-  hin  one  that  is 
watering  or  taking  care  of  fields,  fsds- 
hin  gardens  ^dl-hm  meadows  Ld. 

xx-gf  cun-po  (y^xm)  1-  bunch,  bundle.  2. 
^  tuft,  tassel,  ornament,  of  silk,  pearls 
etc. 

^$r  ^un-ma  the  second  wife  in  rank. 

^i!^  Hn-tse  Bal.  little,  small. 

Xfvn'  cikb-pa,  a  corruption  of  cud-pay  kun 

^^        ivb-par  byao  all  this  is  to  be  well 

impressed  on  the  mind;  dban-po  fams-tdd- 

du  hib-pa  to  pass  through,  to  penetrate, 

every  organ  Stg. 

-^™  cum-pa,^'g8'him-paMil.yloshrif\ky 

^^       to  crouch  with  fear. 

x;^  hiVy  termin.  of  cu;  cur  JH-ba  to  be 

^      drowned. 

xx'fl-  cdr-ba  a  kind  of  vermicelli,  prepar- 

^         ed  from  butter-milk  boiled  Med.^ 

Lid.  *ifurpe*. 


¥\ 


160 


« 


^{^y  ?m(s) 


^•^^ 


xx;f-  ?M5  I .  instram.  of  }kt;  ScL  also  ^- 
^^  j-to^h'ba  'to  melt';  more  correctly:  to 
gild,  to  plate  (in  the  warm  or  in  the  cold. 
way),  to  overspread  with  a  gold  or  silver 
liquid.  —  after  five  days  C,  TF.,  or,  the 
present  day  included,  on  the  sixth  day, 
cog.  to  bbi. 

Si'  ce  \.  num.  fig.:  96.  —  2.  v.  ce-ba. 

^^.qij.'^  ci-ge-mo  such  a  one,  fo  'Si-ge-mo 

'       zig-la  in  such  and  such  a  year 

DzL;  ^-ge-mo  Uyod  you  so  and  so  Thgr, 

^'Q?TOr  ^*^"oS^^'^^  ^'  being  jealous  of  one's 
^  '  own  honour,  nif. 

ie  fdbs  arrogance,  haughtiness,  sde- 
pai  ce-fabs  the  arrogance  of  the 
great  Ma.;  ^^e-fabs-med-llan*  W.  affable, 
condescending,  kind;  ce-fabs-dan  proud, 
arrogant,  haughty;  ce-fabs  by^drfa  B.y  ^co- 
ce*  W.J  *zun-wa*C.y  to  be  arrogant,  haughty. 
^'^'  ^^'<^  A  missive  to  an  inferior,  an 

""  edict 
^w  ^^'^^  1-  ftdj-  gi'eat,  (for  c^n^o);  bu 
^e-ba  the  eldest  son,  the  elder;  ^e- 
bar  ^gyur-ba  to  become  great  or  greater, 
to  grow,  increase  e.g.  of  passions;  c^-bar 
^rd-bay  ^ei*  ^d-ba  id.,  cf.  &r,  Z^-bar  bi/^dr- 
pa  to  make  great;  frq.  in  conjunction  with 
nouns:  ze-sddn  M-ba  great  with  respect  to 
anger,  i.e.  very  prone  to  anger;  rigs  ci- 
zih  being  of  high  extraction;  also  in  com- 
pounds, V.  below.  —  2  sbst.  greatness,  high 
degree  Mil.;  superiority,  excellence,  ...kyi 
ci'ba  stdn-^a  to  show  the  superiority  of  a 
thing  Mil.;  *c6-wa  srun-wa*  Ld.  to  behave 
decently,  respectably.  —  3.  vb.,  pf.  &8  to 
be  great,  not  only  in  ^'kin,  ^e-Oy  but  also 
in :  na-rgyal  ma  l^-zig  do  not  be  great  in 
pride,  i.e.  do  not  allow  pride  to  become 
great  Mil.y  and  so  in  similar  cases ;  cf.  ces. 
Comp.  '64'ka  Sch.:  'chiefly;  the  plura- 
lity'. —  ce-kydd  greatness,  size  Dzl.  —  *og- 
ildV^  W.y  *ce'ddl'la  aid  son*  he  has  entered 
the  class  of  adults,  he  has  come  to  full 
age.  —  ^e-rgyu  =  cd-ba^  cf.  ryyu  3.  —  ce- 
brgyiid  perh.  lineage  by  the  eldest  sons 
Glr.  -—  ce-cun  great  and  small;  size;  ^e- 
Mn  ni  in  size    —  ce-^ddn  the  coming  to 


full  age  Mil.  nt.  —  ^^e-mi"  W.  an  adult  — 
*^'ldm*  C.  grown  up,  adult  (/ScA. 'chiefly'?) 
l^-^-  ce-s^e  one's  elder  sistor  Cs.,  the  dder 

^  wife  Sch. 
^•flS*  &-ftlt'  Lis.  =  bden-dpdn,  witness, 
'  eye-witness;  witness,  testimony,  ?^ 
bzir  dris'te  being  questioned  as  a  witness, 
or  asked  for  a  testimony  Stg. 
>c-  ?(pd,  as  sbst.  of  rare  occurrence,  Schr.: 
'  reason,  signification  =  don;  Sch.:  <M 
^hi-po  a  great  thing,  an  important  business 
or  affair.  Mostly  ^d-du  postp.  c.  genit  on 
account  of,  because  of,  for;  Ud-bai  cM-du 
yin  it  is  in  order  to  see  Pth. ;  rin-gyi  lidr 
<^t^  as  an  equivalent  Pth. ;  Ihai  2W-dw  jdzin" 
pa  or  yny^'ba^  also  rj^-'su  JBdn-pa  or 
ynyir-ba  to  admit  to  the  discipleship  or 
communion  of  a  god  Mil.  —  As  an  adv. 
led'du  seems  to  signify  1.  for  a  certain 
purpose,  designedly,  purposely,  expressly,  e.g. 
with  byM'pa  to  do,  to  make  a  thing; 
mndgs-pa  to  send  off,  dispatch.  —  2.  again, 
once  more,  once  again,  *=  pyir  Mil.  —  dgos- 
ced  the  construction  of  any  noun  with  pyif- 
duy  cid'du  etc.,  regarded  by  Tib.  gram- 
marians as  a  case  of  declension. 


%^<;^ 


^ednldn  v.  ce-ddn. 


^^  cM-po  B.  and  C,*»n-wo*  W.,  great 
^  (c^-mo  in  B.  only  as  fem.  DzL 
TV*^,  b),  ^Sn-por  ^gyiir-bay  W.  *cen  ?d-&*, 
to  become  great,  to  increase,  col.  also  for 
to  grow  up;  skyes-bu  ^S^n-po  a  great  maD, 
a  man  of  great  worth  (by  his  talents  and 
actions),  a  saint;  *mi  c^n-mo*  W.  a  man 
of  quality,  of  rank,  a  nobleman,  a  rich 
man;  i&n-ma  the  first  wife  in  rank;  &» 
cun  ynyis  the  first  and  second  wife  Glr.; 
^c^-mo*  W.  also:  old,  ^iit^gu  lo  cu  ^en- 
mo*  a  child  ten  years  old. 
3^-S»n'  chn-me-ba  Le^.y  Cs.  stillness,  si- 
lence, c&m-mer  ^ditg-pa  &Ar., 
'S^m-mer  Jcdd-pa  6'.,  to  sit  still  without 
speaking. 

^XT/XT\-   ^em(s)  in   compounds:    1.   5iii- 
^^    ?M«)  V.  can.  —  2.  ka'iShn(sl 
resp.  laWS&im(s)y  bka-'len^s)  farewell  ex- 
hortation; last  will,  testament,  srds-la  h- 


-^-  7>' 


I   ,i 


^(^)"^(^'  cmC«).(M«) 


£ 


^Sr  ^dff^pa 


161 


cA»(s)  Jog  -  pa  to  deposit  a  testamentary 
disposal  or  devise  for  a  son  Glr, 

^(^'^(^y  ^K«>^M«)  1.  the  noise 
made  by  thander,  by  the 
shock  of  an  earthquake  etc.,  Jbrug-sgi^a 
cem-  Zim  sgrdgz-pa  the  rolling,  roaring, 
ckpping  of  thunder;  bzad-gdd  ^ur  Ifim-pa 
a  roaring  laughter.  —  2.  Ura  cemrc^i  v. 

^^  cer  termin.  of  cej  cer  ^6^a  to  grow, 
increase ;  ier  sky4-4>a  to  become  great; 
to  grow  up,  cer  skgds-pa  partic.  grown  up, 
adult;  dd-dun  cer  ton  go  on!  go  on!  MU,\ 
rgycU  -  grid  byd  -ba  cer  ma  byuii  Glr,  his 
government  was  not  (yet)  of  much  con- 
sequence (as  he  was  too  young);  nis-pa 
cer  med  this  is  not  quite  evident  to  me 
MU.;  perh.  Tar.  36,  16;  101,  22;  120,  21; 
169,  14  will  allow  a  similar  interpretation 
of  Ser.  —  cS'-na  S.O,  yea;  still  more  (?). 
5^  ces  1.  instrum.  of  Ze.  —  2.  pf.  of  c^- 
ia,  as  adv.  very,  Ua-zas  nan  cis-kyi 
•as  the  food  is  very  bad  Dzl;  Zes  sgrin-pa 
very  prudent  or  clever  ScA.;  ces  ddr-bar 
gyur-to  it  spread  very  much  Tar. 
^^q-  ^-pa  1.  pf.  of  ce-ba  to  be  great, 
ha-han  yan  ces^o  he  is  much  too 
great  DzL ;  dmag-dgun  Zes-pa  a  great  army; 
cStan  Ze&^as  being  very  mighty  Gh\;  car 
^es'pas  as  it  rained  heavily  Pth. ;  dga  (fes- 
nas  greatly  rejoicing  Mil.  —  2.  to  believe^ 
but  only  when  preceded  by  yid  (resp.  fugs)^ 
or  bden  (col.),  c.  la,  also  c.  accus.,  or  par^ 
that,  DzL  9^,  18. 
^  CO  1.  num.  fig.:  126.  —  2.  as  a  word 

for  itself  seldom  to  be  met  with,  e.g. 
Ld.'Glr.  Scfd.  fol.  13,  6,  Tar.  129,  20; 
signification  not  clearly  to  be  mad^  out.  *2<rf- 
med'pa*  C.  =  d&n-inedrpa  to  no  purpose, 
vain;  fickle, 
^pr  2rf-^a  (f^fv)  the  way  or  method  of 

'  doing  a  thing,  e.g.  of  solving  an 
arithmetical  problem  Wdk.^  of  curing  ma- 
ladies iS.jr.,  esp.  used  of  magic  performances, 
c6^€^pa  Cs.,  cd-gcMnUan  Mil.^  a  performer 
of  such  ceremonies.  Whether  it  may  safely 
be  used  for  religious  rites  or  ceremonies 
in  general,  is  doubtful. 


5'^  co-g6  Bal.  great. 

vrp;    3g^rk|'  cb-^,  co-nhy  lamentation, 
'  wailing,  esp.  lamentations  for 

the  dead,  dirge,  ^dAbs  -  pa  Dzl. ,  Jbdd-pay 
^don-pa  in  more  recent  literature,  by^d-pa 
/ScA.,  to  lament,  wail,  cry,  clamour;  with 
la  to  cry  to  a  person;  the  crying  of  a 
new-bom  child  Thgy. 
*"Q^QJ'  co'^M  magical  trick,  jugglery, 
^S  often  put  to  rdztt^jpruly  also  used 
of  the  apparitions  and  doings  of  goblins 
MU.    Cf.  rdzu-^prul. 

V^q-  cd-ba  to  set  on  (a  dog),  cd'Zo-ba  to 
set  on  repeatedly  Cs. 

^aqCC^'  C0'jyrdn(8)  Mil;  Cs.\  the 
'^  ^  ^  mother's  family  or  lineage; 
co^ngs  Dzl.  frq.  Cs.:  1.  the  father's  lineage, 
descent  by  the  father's  side;  2.  an  honourable 
extraction.  —  S>-m  Mil.^  frq.  =  lo-rigs, 
also  applied  to  things,  e.g.  a  cane:  co^s 
yd -nas  btsiin-pa  a  cane  of  an  excellent 
kind,  not  coming  from  any  mean  or  noxious 
plant. 

^fif  ^^"^  ^-  *'®?  ^'^j  game  at  dice.  — 
2.  8eal(?)  —  Hd'lo-mUan  a  dice- 
player  Cs.,  ?o-fo  rtsd'ba  to  play  at  dice 
Cs.;  cO'lo-ris  Glr.  the  figure  of  a  die,  a 
square  figure,  in  Glr.  47,9  the  Mongol 
translation  substitutes  a  wheel,  v.  Ji&r-h^ 
a  checkered  colouring  or  pattern,  e.g.  of 
cotton  cloth  C. 
j^n*  cog  1.  for  cd-gfa;  bdn-  'Sog  Mil.  the 

'    ceremony  of  the  Bonpos.  —  .2.  v.  yidg- 
pa,  —  3.  V.  Zdg-pa. 
^gm'q'  (^(^-pa  vb.,  sbst.,  adj.  1.  to  be  suffi- 

'  cient,  sufficiency y  sufficient,  ccdpir: 
nid'la  d^'kas  Zog  it  is  sufficient  for  us, 
we  are  satisfied  A/ii. ;  dris-pas  (instr.  of 
pai)  Zog-go  DzL  V^?^  10  (there  has  been) 
enough  of  asking,  =  don^t  ask  any  more! 
gan-^u  bhugs  kyan  cdg-par  ^dug  it  is  suffi- 
cient (for  him)  wherever  he  may  live,  i.e. 
he  is  satisfied  with  any  place  of  living 
Mil. ;  Mdrla  nor  lons-spydd-kyis  cdg-pa  yod 
we  have  money  and  goods  enough  Mil. ; 
Jii  ysum  -  gyis  i6g  -  na  if  these  three  are 
sufficient  for  you  Mil. ;  rin-po-ces  fdg-par 

11 


162 


3^rpri:r  %«-pa 


s 


^3C*r  iolrzdm 


ffy{tr-nas  when  tbey  had  precious  stones 
enough  DzL ;  ^di-tsam-gyis  ^dg-pa  ma  yin- 
no  that  is  not  enough,  that  will  not  do' 
Dzl,\  sgdUpa  mi  brgya  ion  Idg-pa  his  back 
(is)  large  enough  for  a  hundred  men  to 
ride  on  it  GZr.;  adv.:  'Sdg-far  sufficiently, 
e.g.  sbyin-pa  to  give  DzL ;  *wa  cdg-pa*  or 
*-^a*  W.  (col.  for  '(Idg-pa/r),  *  dun -be  ma 
cdg-ga  sad  son*  he  not  only  struck  but 
killed  him;  pyin-pas  ^dg-gi  it  being  suffi- 
cient (for  the  present)  that  I  have  come 
Mil. ;  famS'dddrla  ^g-par  gyiir  >  f&  as  all 
were  satisfied  D^'Z. ;  ^dg-par  ^dzin-pa  to 
deem  a  thing  sufficient,  to  be  contented 
or  satisfied  with  it;  ^og  his-pa  vb.,  sbst., 
adj.  to  be  contented,  contentment,  content; 
Ud-bas  cog  mi  his-pai  rdzas  a  thing  at  which 
one  cannot  look  enough  Glr,,  Pth.;  yo- 
bydd'kyi  (better  kyis)  ISog  sis -pa  easily 
satisfied  as  to  the  necessaries  of  life.  — 
2.  to  be  allowed,  permitted,  at  liberty,  con- 
strued in  the  same  manner:  Ihid-pas  cog 
you  may  have  lessons  with  me,   I  will 
instruct  you  Mil;  ^dn-pas  'Sog  I  am  quite 
at  liberty  to  compete  with  you,  we  may 
safely  compete  with  each  other  Glr.;  Jsd- 
ba  drdns-pas  ^og  you  can  have  meat  set 
before  you  Mil.;  with  a  root:  bu  byin  cog 
then  you  may  render  up  your  son;  hence 
it  is  in  W.   the   usual  word  for  rkn-ba, 
^ndn-du  ia  Hdg^be  yin-na  man*  is  it  allowed 
to  enter  or  not?  *»rdd-ma  za  cog""  eating 
pease  is  allowed,  also:  pease  are  edible; 
*U-na  Kyoh  cog  ka  tan*  he  issued  an  edict, 
that  it  should  be  permitted  to  fetch  wool, 
i.e.  he  (the  Maharajah  of  Kashmir)  per- 
mitted the  export  of  wool;  ^Ub-na  pul 
cog  when  it  arrives,  I  shall  take  the  liberty 
of  sending  it  to  you. 
S^n^rcr  ^^9^"?^  seldom  for  Jcdg-pa  to  be 

•^        broken  Mil. 
XT*    «3^'  con^  mtoh  a  transparent,  va- 
'  negated,   half- precious  stone 

brought  from  India  to  Ld,  and  considered 
less  valuable  than^'^t;  perh.  cornelian  or 
sardonyx? 

^-  ^od  1.  C.  the  cutting  off;  deeiding;  */a^ 
^i^  gyO'  cemr-pojM'pa*  to  bring  about 


a  great  remission  of  taxes,  *6Att-to»-5?^  re- 
mission of  debts;  *sa-i^  gya  cen^po  jh£- 
pa*  to  make  a  great  way;  c£  however 
pyod.  —  2.  partition-wall  Sch ,  cfod  rgydg- 
pa  prob.  to  construct  a  partition-wall.  — 
3.  V.  ybdd-pa. 

'^^'  ^ddrpa  1.  to  be  cut  off,  Idm^o  ynyis 
^  M'bas  ^6d-de  both  approaches  being 
cut  off  or  obstructed  by  snow  Mil.;  bead 
kyan  mi  ?dd-do  impossible  to  be  severed, 
caedendo  non  caeduntur,  Glr. ;  mfi-^ddrrd^- 
r)e  a  diamond  that  cannot  be  cut  to  pieces, 
an  epithet  of  a  firm  unbending  king  Pth, 
—  2.  to  be  deeided,  settled,  fixed,  gon-fdn 
dpydd-kyis  (or  pas)  mi  cod  Glr.  the  value 
(of  the  stone)  cannot  be  fixed,  though  one 
should  attempt  to  apprize  it  i.e.  it  is  in- 
valuable, priceless;  go  idd-pa  v.  go. 
^•gf  iSdd'po  W.  1.  split,  cut  through;  2. 

'  distinct,  of  words  or  writings. 
^  ?on  1.  W.  (cog.  to  cudf)  useless,  to 
^  no  purpose,  rin  lion  soil  the  payment 
has  been  useless,  thrown  away;  gen.  adv. 
*c6nAcf  gratuitously,  in  vain,  for  nothing, 
*c6n-la  K&n-b^  to  hate  without  cause  or 
reason;  *^<ki-la  ddd-he*  to  sit  idle,  to  spend 
one's  time  unprofitably.  —  2.  tent(?),  con- 
fag  tent-rope  Mil.,  concur  tent-pin. 

^om(s)  1.  robbery,  cdms^kyis  zas 
Jsdl-ba  to  live  on  robbery  Ma.; 
cdm-po  Tohher  DzL,  "idm^o  rk^n-ma  robber 
and  thief,  gen.  ?o?w-rAtin,  com^rkun-gyi 
^igs-pa  fear  of  robbers  and  thieves ;  ^omr 
rkun-pa  id.  Stg.  —  2,  imp.  of  jdms-pa. 

^^sy  ^(hn-pa  to  be  finished,  accomplished, 

W.y  ^fd-re  com  yin*  to-morrow  it 
will  be  finished,  *da  'Som  son*  now  it  is 
done,  completed;  cf.  cam. 
Xir  col  1.  inconstant  Cs.\  dpyid-M  fickle 
spring- weather.  —  2.  Cs>:  for  cd-fo 
in  compounds,  rus-^iol  a  die  made  of  bone; 
hih'Cdl  a  wooden  die;  dun-cdl  shells  used 
inst  of  dice(?). 

3gwq*  col-Ka  Sch. :  'a  hole  made  by  a  blow; 
'      a  nest\ 

SOT'SC^  coUzdns  a  shallow  shore  Sch. 


3g^(^)' 


dwr  ^08 


« 


dwr  <fos 


163 


"At  ^08  (^)   1.  doctrine,   a  particular 
doctrine,  tenet,  or  precept;  ysdn-bai 
hi  Hg  9i,ii   esoteric  doctrine,    a  mystery 
DzL;  Uydd-cos  for  Hyad-par-ban-gyi  cos  a 
peculiar,  distinguished,  sublime,  and  there- 
fore difiBcult  doctrine;  Jig-rUn-gyi  cos 
hrgyad  the  eight  doctrines   or   principles 
of  the  world  (though  frq.  mentioned,  1 
found  them   nowhere  specified)  cf.  Fou- 
caux  Gyatcherr.,  Translation  p.  264;  ISoS' 
hrgyddrmlcany  a  man  of  the  world,  worldling 
Mil  —  More  esp.  2.  moral  doctrine,  whether 
any  separate  dogma,  or  the  sum  of  various 
doctrines,  religion  in  general,  both  theoreti- 
cally (system  of  morality,  ethics)  and  prac- 
tically (faith',  exercise  of  religion);  iAa- 
eds  the  religion  of  the  gods  or  (Buddhist) 
deities,  i.e.  the  Buddhist  religion,  as  the 
only  true  one,  in  opposition  to  all  other 
heresies  and  false  religions  (log-^ds)^  as 
well  as  to  irreligiousness  (?08  ma  yin-pa) ; 
Ha-c6s  profession  with  the  lips,  hypocrisy 
Glr.;  Jlrtg-pai  cds-la  brt&n-pa  those  prac- 
tising the  religion  of  voluptuousness  (an 
expression    designedly   forcible,   like  St. 
Paul's:  ^ whose  god  is  their  belly');  mi- 
hs  V.  below;  cos  JSdd-pa^  or  bMd-pa^ 
ston-paj  smrd'huy  sgroff^pa,  resp.  cds-kyi 
sgrog-gUn  mdzdd-pa  Glr,  to  expound,  to 
teach,  to  preach  religion;  Sw  smrd-bcd  idU 
la  Itd-ha  to  watch  the  mouth  of  the  preacher 
Pffi.;  *cg  ddg-pa*  C.  to  read  a  religious 
book;  ^^os  hdd-Uani^  W,  a  preacher;   ?os 
Jcdd-pat  ^dun  -  Rdn  place  where  sermons 
are  delivered,  church  DzLi  tos  nydn-pa 
to  hear  religious  discourses  D-eZ.;  ?os  iu^ 
ba  to  ask  for  religious  discourses;  partic: 
one  eagerly  desiring  or  asking  for  religious 
instruction,  an  inquirer  /%.,  Mil,\  cos  byedr- 
pa  to  act  or  live  religiously,  righteously, 
'=■■  ?a8  bkin-du  by4drpa;  also  merely  to  wish 
to  become  pious,  to  strive  after  piety;  l^yed 
mym-^as  las  byed-na  if  you  are  in  good 
earnest  about  religion,  if  piety  is  the  aim 
of  your  heart  Mil,;  lastly  in  a  special  sense: 
to  become  or  to  be  a  monk  Pth.;  cds-la 
sems  sgyitr-ia  Mil,  to  show  an  inclination 
for  religion,  to  turn  religious;   (Sds-sUy  or 


^S'la  ^ug-pa  1.  vb.  nt.  to  enter  into 
religion,  to  be  converted,  also :  to  go  over 
to  a  religion,  to  turn  (Buddhist),  2.  vb. 
act.  to  convert,  to  turn  a  person  from  a 
bad  life  to  a  good  one,  to  make  him  a 
believer,  to  make  another  a  convert,  a 
proselyte;  cds^a  ^dd-^a  *=  ^ji^g-^a  i;  ?os 
spyddrpa  to  practise  religion ;  the  exercise 
of  religion,  worship  S,g.\  bka-lSds  the  word 
of  Buddha,  the  doctrine  as  taught  by 
Buddha  himself;  rtdgs-pai  (fds  Thgy,  the 
knowledge  acquired  by  meditation,  inde- 
pendently of  books,  scarcely  diflFerent  from 
nes-d&n^  or  non-Us;  bstdn-pai  ^os  Thgy. 
any  knowledge  derived  from  other  sources. 

—  3.  in  a  special  sense  the  religion  of 
Buddha,  Buddhism,  ddm^ai  (!os^  and  frq. 
dam- pa  &s  id.  (cf.  ^  niattg  Acts  6,  7); 
(fos  dan  bon  Buddhism  and  Bon -religion 
Mil, ;  ?d«-to  Idn-spyod^ar  ^gyiir-ba  to  live 
in  the  enjoyment  of  true  faith.  —  4.  re- 
ligious writings,  and  writings,  books,  literature 
in  general,  in  as  much  as  the  Tibetans 
derivate  every  science  from  religion;  6dn- 
gyi  ^os  fams-ddd  all  the  Bon-writings  Mil, 

—  5.  custom,  manner,  common  usage,  fashion, 
mi'^os  manners  of  the  world  Mil,;  mi-coS" 
kyi  dus-su  as  long  as  he  lived  according 
to  the  ways  of  the  world  Mil, ;  yiil  -  &s- 
kyis  according  to  the  custom  of  the  country 
Dzl;  kydd-'ios  the  way  of  distinguishing, 
of  pointing  out  the  characteristics  Glr,  (cf. 
under  1);  nature,  quality,  Dzl.  9U^^  18  cf. 
^os-nyid,  —  6.  substance,  being,  thing,  Jfos 
fams'cdd  mi-^tdg-pa  yin-gyi  as  every  thing 
existing  is  perishable  Dzl  —  Other  philo- 
sophical expressions  containing  the  word 
?os  V.  Was.  (296). 

Comp.  *  ds-skad*  W,  book -language,  as 
opp.  to  pdl'skad.  —  ^ds-sku  v.  sku,  — 
^os^kydn  v.  skyon-ba.  —  'Sos-Uri  reading- 
desk,  lecturer's  chair,  pulpit  Pth.\  reading- 
table,  school-desk.  —  ISos-Urims  v.  Krims.  — 
^oS'UriTns-pa  v.  dge-hskds.  —  llos-Jcdr  vulgo 
prayer -mill;  the  column  of  disks  on  the 
mfod-rthi  Pth.  v.  Jidr  -lo  2^  also  Jcdr  -  lo 
extr.  —  cos-grd  school.  —  ^os-(kyz)  rgyal 
(-po)  1 .  honorary  title  of  kings  deserving 


164 


^J^ 


(56 


sj^^r  wS^ 


well  of  religion.  2.  =  yhin-^e  SchL  Bvddh. 
93, 3.  also  as  a  p.  n.  —  ^m-rgyud  religious 
tradition,  also  =  confession,  creed,  i^e-bi»iin- 
gyi  ISos-rgyiid  Jtzin-pa-mams  those  em- 
bracing the  religious   tradition  of  his  re- 
verence, his  fellow-believers  Mil. ;  cos-rgyud 
ycig-pa  one  confessing  the  same  faith  or 
religion  Thgr,  —  ^os-ban  1.  pious,  devouL 
2.  V.  ?08  5,  Q^ig-pai  cds-tan  yin  having  the 
properties  of  perishableness^  being  subject 
to  the  law  of  mutability  Thgy.  —  ^os-iji 
'lord  of  the  faith',   viz.    1.  Buddha  Lea,^ 
2.  devout  or  righteous  lord,  title  of  honour 
given  to  distinguished  scholars  Tar.  transL 
331 ,  and  elsewh. ;  perh.  also  =  cos-rgydl. 
—  ioB-nyid  1.  =  cos  5,  quality,  nature,  rgyd- 
mfsoi  cos-nytd-iyis  in  a  manner  peculiar 
to  the  sea,  Dzl  nSO,  9  (112,  9?).   2.  philo- 
sophical term:  existence,  entity,  =  c2^-ii^m- 
nyid  (ace.  to  Thgy!)  by  which  the  Buddhist 
however  means  a  negation  of  being,  non- 
existence, Bon- entity.  —  ^as-stegs  W,  -- 
ioS'Uri,  —  ^oS'Stdn  religious  festive  enter- 
tainment given  to  saints  Glr.  —  cos-^rdn- 
po  righteous  with  regard  to  the  laws  of 
religion   (adopted  by  Prot.  Miss,  for  the 
scriptural  term  'righteous'  or  'just'),  ?os- 
drdn-ha  justice,  righteousness.  —  cos-lddn 
=  cos'ban.  —  Hos-sd^  convent,  monastery, 
WdJcy  Glr,  —  (^ds-pa  a  religious  man,  a 
divine,  a  monk—  cos-apun  a  religious  brother; 
such  brotherhoods  e.g.  are  formed  by  two 
devotees,   before  going  on  a  pilgrimage. 
After  having  been  consecrated  by  a  priest, 
who  consults  the  lot  on  such  an  occasion, 
they  owe  hospitality  and  mutual  assistance 
to  each  other  for  life.  —  cos-spydd  exercise 
of  religion;  cos'spyod-bcu  =  dgi-ba-bcu.  — 
cos-sbyin  is  said  to  be  frq.  used  in  book- 
titles:  bkra^is-Uiun-pchnas  ^ossbyin  ^dzad- 
med  spel  pyir  bris  written  from  Tashilhunpo 
as  a  religious  gift  for  infinite  increase  and 
blessing.  —  cos-bldn  a  pious  functionary  or 
official  (bdtcd'blon  an  impious  or  wicked 
one)  Glr.  ^os-ma  a  religious  woman,  a  nun 
6i.  —  cos-mM  without  religion,  irreligous, 
wicked.  —  ^os-mydn  religious  frenzy,  W.: 
*co8-ny6n  iiigs*  he  has  become  deranged, 


his  brains  are  turned  (in  consequence  of 
meditating).  —  cos-z6g  priestcraft  MU.  ^ 
cos-lugs  religious  party,  denomination,  seel 
*c6s-sem-can*  W.  inclined  to  religion,  | 


^xr'H'  ^^d-^^  Lea.:  =  ^tomb,  sepulchre; 
'  =  pramarita  Ssk.  killed,  slain; 
mMd-pa-Tned-pa  entire,  perfect;  mMd-par 
byd'ba  =  maMman  Sak.  greatness;  also  the 
magical  power  of  increasing  size  at  will'. 
^S^  ^^an  1.  the  side  of  the  breast,  mean- 
^  gyi  bu  bosom-child,  darling,  mcan- 
gyi  mcu-brdn  boeom-wife  (cf.  our  'bosom- 
friend')  ;  m^dnHJlu  ^jug-pa  to  put  into  one's 
bosom  Glr.;  mcdn-lcun  arm-hole,  arm^ 
often  «  m^an;  mcdvrJiun  yyd^-pai  HsSh 
mai  bdr  nas  (the  Buddhas  are  bom)  from 
between  the  ribs  of  the  right  side  (cf 
mncd)]  *Mvr-da^  W.  pocket,  in  clothes,  c£ 
dku-mda.  —  2.  v.  the  following  article. 
»xyq-  mfdn-bu  1.  apprentice,  bzoi  in  a 
^^  handicraft,  trade  or  art,  rig-pm 
in  a  science,  disciple  6i.,  sgyu-TncHmian- 
gyi  appr.  of  a  juggler,  conjurer  Zam.  — 
2.  yi'get  mcdn-^  words  or  lines,  printed 
or  written  in  a  smaller  character  than  the 
rest,  and  inserted  in  the  text  (called  wa- 
yig  Cs.)  like  our  parenthesis,  but  without 
brackets;  hence  3.  note,  annotation  (Seh. 
also:  testimony?). 

^J^q«  mU-bay  eleg.  for  1.  to  come,  to  go, 
sldd  -  bUn  -  par  miio  I  shall  come 
later  Dzl. ;  to  appear,  used  of  a  god ;  shfiAs- 
su  (to  put  one's  self)  under  the  protection 
of  another  person,  ccd.;  Jmhs-su  wSa  1 
will  obey  Mil.  —  2.  to  say,  ies  niUo  thus 
he  said. 

5jJ^'3^'  wS-ma,  resp.  spyan-  cab  a  tear, 
Jbyirir-pa ;  ^ddn-pa  Glr.,  bldg-pa  DzL, 
ytdn-ba  Mil.  to  shed  (tears);  sk^m-pa  to 
dry  up  tears  Cs. ;  opyi^ba  to  wipe  off  tears 
Cs. ;  m^-mas  brndn-ba  to  be  choked  vnih 
tears,  to  sob  violently  Sch. 
^^nr  ^%  I.  Cs.  a  stone  for  grinding 
'  spice  etc.,  a  mortar;  m^-gu  a  small 
mortar  ScL,  a  pesHo  Cs.  —  2.  the  netfiar 
mill -stone,  m^-ma  the  runner  or  upper 
miU- stone,  Sch.^  mcig  skdr-ba  to  grind 
Sch. 


^3K'  mfin 


(S 


3^I^5S  mfed 


165 


«i^-  m^n  Cs,  a»  klon;  one  Lea.  =  cttryt/; 
V.  klon, 

^($C^  niBn^bu  Cs,  =  JUn-bu. 

»J^'  "miHd^  bka-7nad^  ysun-mady  W.  *mol' 
^  ^d*  resp  the  talk,  discourse,  speech 
(of  an  honoured  person)  Cs.;  mcid-ldn 
answer  to  such  speech  MiL 
jfj^q*  m^n-pcL,  resp.  sku-mcin  the  liver; 
'  miHn^ri,  micm  -  n  the  midriff  or 
diaphragm;  m^Hn-k^a  liver-coloured;  mMn- 
nan  'liver  -  pressing^,  first  breakfast,  be- 
cause according  to  popular  belief  water 
rises  from  the  human  liver  in  the  morning, 
which  is  depressed  and  appeased  by  taking 
some  food;  mHn^ndn  byed-pa  to  break- 
fast. 

^J^'Cr  "f^^h^  1.  fishing-hook  Dzly  mciU 
pas  nya  Jc&r-ba  to  fish  with  a 
hook,  to  angle  a.  —  2.  a  little  bird,  W. 
^ci'pa*,  Ta.  *cii-pig;  hi -pa  skyd-wo^  W. 
sparrow;  mM-llra  sparrow-hawk;  mcil" 
mgd  a  fabulous  stone,  like  a  bird's  head, 
supposed  to  possess  a  variety  of  marvelous 
qiudities. 

^&pr^  "fn^Uma  1.  W.  ^mHl-mdg^y  resp. 
Ijags-mcily  Ijags-cdb  Spittle,  prob. 
also  other  similar  fluids  Lt;  ^ddr-ba  (W. 
*pdn'ce)  to  spit;  m^UlM  (  W,  *mcil'ldM*) 
morbid  saliva,  e.g.  of  people  affected  with 
a  cough  or  with  hectic  fevers;  mcU'Sndbs 
prob.  id.;  miHl^sndd,  resp.  zalrbzM^  spitting- 
box;  mWrzumy  miUrbkdb  W,  slavering-bib 
or  cloth.  —  2.-=mm'lhdm  Tar.  72,  d? 
S^pj;^3m''  "mM-lham  shoe,  boot,  mM-Uidm 
^  ynyis  ^dor^a  to  lose  both  shoes 
TTdw.;  mM'lhdm'm/can  shoemaker,  cob- 
bler, seller  of  boots;  mcU-Utdm-gyi  yu-ba 
the  leg  of  a  boot  Ca. 
^^fv^  mfia-pa  1.  also  m^'ldgs-pa,  eleg. 
for  yodrpuy  to  be,  to  be  there,  to 
exist,  du  wSw  how  much  is  there,  how 
many  are  there?  Cs.;  su-la  dam -pat  &w 
fncis-pa  whoever  has  the  holy  doctrine 
^.;  y^  dbus-nas  mcisso  (he)  is  (comes) 
from  the  country  tf  Dzl.  —  2.  pf.  of  miH- 
J«  1.  lam  rin-po-nas  m^s-te  having  come 
from  afar.    2.  ies  mHis-^a  so-called. 


3^J^^'  '^^'^^^  1-  ^l^g-  dwelling,  i 

'^  domicile;  also  when  speaking 
modestly  of  one's  own  dwelling:  bddg-gt 
miu-irdn  my  humble  roof  Dzl.  —  2.  Lea;. 
wife,  partner. 

^^^3^10}'  mcis-mdl  bed,  bod-stoad  Cs. 

^x'W«^  1.  lipj  ya-mhi  upper  lip,  ma- 
^  mhi  lower  lip;  mht  btud  mf^as  Wil. 
prob.:  one  must  be  wise  in  lowering  the 
lips,  i.e.  one  must  yield,  giving  up  pouting; 
Ua-mMy  resp.  ial-miu  1.  lip  2.  word, 
voice  (?)  Sch.  3.  quarrel,  strife,  ka-m^^ 
rgyal-pdm  ji-ltar  byun  hi-na  if  one  asks, 
which  are  the  details  of  the  quarrel;  *Kam- 
^)1\£  -pd^  C.  ^gydg-pa""  Cs.  to  quarrel. 
—  2.  beak  or  bill  of  birds,  mU-la  fdgs-te 
^6-ba  to  fly,  ciirrying  something  in  the 
bill  S.  0.;  mcu'lto  (or  iurmdof)  W.  id.  — 
3.  n.  of  one  of  the  lunar  mansions,  v. 
rgyu-skar. 

Comp.  mhL-sky4  muzzle  Sch.  —  wJ^- 
sgrds  v.  sgtos.  —  mhi-tdr  Sch.  (prob.  a. 
mis-print  for  mhi^fdi*)  pustules,  tubercular 
elevations 'on  the  lips.  —  mcu-rins  long- 
beaked,  n.  of  a  bird,  and  also  of  an  in- 
sect (a  large  musquito). 

^^•q-  mce-buy  Cs.  also  m^e-^dy  comer-tooth, 
canine  tooth,  eye-tooth,  fang,  tusk  of 

an  animal,  mc^-la  ytsigs-pa,  W.  *ii'h*^  to 
show  one's  teeth,  to  grin;  mce-ba^ban-gyi 
sde  the  class  of  the  tusked  animals,  viz. 
the  camivora  (lion,  tiger,  leopard),  and  the 
tusked  pachydermata  (elephant,  boar  etc.). 

g;tj^- 7W?^</,  sku-mced^  mced'ltdmy  resp. 
^  for  spun,  brother,  sister;  m^d  piyis 
my  two  brothers  Dzl.;  srds-mo  Iha-lddm 
meed  bii  four  princesses,  sisters;  del  mfed 
his  illustrious  brother,  in  reference  to  a 
king,  prince  etc.  Olr.\  esp.  of  gods:  m^ed 
bhi  four  divine  brothers  Glr.;  mhd-^*dgsy 
grogs -mfid  clerical  brother,  mced-grdgs 
mdn-po  tsdgS'par  where  many  clerical 
brothers  assemble;  mced-grdgs  dam-fsig 
yhig^a  Thgr.  betrothed  brothers,  religious 
brothers,  «=  cos^pun;  also  mUed-Udm  has 
this  signification. 


ii'^^-^:g'-'%'^'*'r^^\(^\''^'\ 


^ly*- v^*^ 


lA^O^-w^' 


°>6«*:::. 


^*^'\£,  Or 


gj^^Sr^fnced-pa  1.  to  spread,  to  gain 
'  ground,  esp.  of  a  fire,  frq.;  also 
fig.:  bddg-gi  ^dod-cdgs-kyi  me  m^ed-pas 
as  the  fire  of  voluptuousness  spread  or 
increased  within  me  DzL;  also  in  the 
following  sense :  mdr-me  ybig-la  ybig  m^ed 
Itar  as  one  kindles  one  light  by  another 
Mil, ;  y^  glen  ynyis  glen  riwr-pas  mf^d-de 
as  (the  news)  spread  more  and  more  by 
gossiping  people  Pth.  —  skye-m^M  v.  skye, 
—  2.  ^yyd^a^  mi-Tn^edrpai  dddnpa  =  dad- 
pa  brtdn-po, 

S^^^^'mc^-pa  the  milt,  spleen. 

3?^^'  ^^0^  the  best,  the  most  excellent 
'  in  its  kind,  nky^s-bu  mcog,  mii  m^og^ 
rkan-ynyis-maTHS-kyi  m^og  Buddha;  nyes- 
Itun-gu  ma  pdg-pa  (or  na)  mcog  yin-te 
pog-Ttin  bsdgs-pa  by4drpa  rab  yin  Mil,  the 
best  thing  is,  not  to  have  been  surprised 
by  sin,  but  after  having  been  surprised, 
it  is  the  best  to  confess  it  (and  thus  to 
atone  for  it);  ysun-mUdg  chief  or  funda- 
mental doctrine,  main  dogma,  principal 
commandment  etc.  Glr,\  na  ni  ^ig^-rUn 
JLi-na  mcog  I  am  the  highest  in  the  world 
(says  Buddha  immediately  after  his  birth) 
Qlr,\  ynas-mcdg  the  most  glorious  or  splen- 
did country  Glr,;  ro-m^dg  excellent  taste 
or  flavour  Mil,;  mUas-m^dg -mams  most 
learned  gentlemen  Zam, ;  also  as  a  compli- 
mentary word;  mi  mcog  Uyod  most  honour- 
ed Sir!  Pth,;  mcog-dmdn^  m^og  dan  fun- 
mdn,  m^og  dan  pal-pa^  good  and  bad, 
first-rate  and  common,  fine  and  ordinary, 
of  goods  etc.;  eminent  and  ordinary,  of 
mental  gifts,  talents  etc.;  mcog-tu  gyur-pa 
=  mcog,  e,g,  mi-mams-kyi  ndn-na  mcdg- 
tu  gy^r-pa  yHg  one  that  has  risen  among 
men,  so  as  to  become  their  chief  Glr,; 
y^l-^mams-kyi  m^dg-tu  gyur-pa  the  most 
splendid  of  countries.  —  Adv.:  mMg-tu 
very,  most,  with  verbs:  bdnrpo-la  mcdg-tu 
m^^s-pa  )ig  a  great  admirer  of  the  Bonpos 
Mil,;  gen.  with  adjectives:  ro  mlS6g-tu 
mndr-ba  extremely  sweet;  with  the  com- 
parative: much,  far,  by  far,  greatly,  rf^- 


« 


5J^'^  mUd-^a 

bas  ni^dg-tu  c«) ...  is  far  or  much  greater 
than  that  Dzl, 

Comp.  m^og-sbyin  pyag-rgyd  a  gesture 
made  in  practising  magic,  in  conjuring  ap 
or  exorcising  ghosts.  —  mcog-zuh  the 
model  pair,  the  two  most  excellent  amongst 
Buddha's  disciples,  Shariibii  and  Mau- 
dgalgyibii,  v.  Kopp.  ~  miog-rin  longest 
Thgy,  'i  .  I.  ^A  '     v^,  ^^-^^^  ^f^^  '^^- 


V.  con. 


^U":^-u. 


3JW5C-q     ^ZJ^Pi  ^^^^'^^y  w?(fei«-pa  to 
'  leap,  to  jump,  frq.,  e.g. 

hir  into  the  water;  mi-seb'la  among  the 
people,  e.g.  of  a  mad  dog). 
^T^trn^'f^^^drpa  (^w)  I-  vb.  1.  to  honour, 
'  revere,  respect,  receive  with  hon- 
our, kun-gyis  bhur  Hn  mcdd-pai  ^os  worthy 
of  being  honoured  and  praised  by  all; 
usually  ccapir.  (rarely  dp.)  in  the  special 
sense:  to  honour  saints  or  deities  by  offer- 
ing articles  of  food,  flowers,  music,  the 
sound,  odour  and  flavour  of  which  they 
are  supposed  to  relish,  hence  to  treat, 
entertain,  regale  (the  gods),  and  in  a  more 
general  sense  applied  also  to  lifeless  ob- 
jects, e.g.  to  honour  a  sepulchre  in  soch 
a  manner;  Glr,  m^dd-pa  may  therefore  in 
English  be  sometimes  translated  by:  to 
offer,  to  sacrifice,  but  it  should  always  be 
borne  in  mind,  that  no  idea  of  self-denial 
or  yielding  up  a  precious  good  (as  is  im- 
plied by  the  English  word),  or  of  slaughter- 
ing, as  in  the  Greek  l>v€iy^  can  be  cod- 
nected  with  the  Tibetan  word  itself,  though 
in  practice  bloody  sacrifices,  abhorred  as 
they  are  by  pure  Buddhism  in  theory,  are 
not  quite  unheard  of,  not  only  animals 
being  immolated  to  certain  deities,  but 
also  men  notoriously  noxious  to  religion 
slaughtered  as  dmar-m^od^  red  offering, 
to  the  dgrd-lha  q.v.  —  2.  C,  resp.  tO  eat, 
drink,  take,  taste,  (in  W.  expressed  by 
*d6n-^e*). 

II.  sbst  offering,  oblation,  libation,  mcdd- 
pa  Jnil-buy  W,  "^pul-de*  frq.,  also  by^drpa; 
rdl-7no  m^od'par  Jb^l-ba  to  bring  an 


^c^fiT  midd-pa 


« 


167 


fly<S^^  Jag-pa 


offering  of  music  Mil. :  mcdd-pa  sna-fsdgs 
fdgs'te  carryiDg  along  with  them  all  sorts 
of  offerings  Glr.;  mcdd-pai  Kydd-par  bba 
the  ten  kinds  of  offerings  Tar. ;  Iha-m^dd 
offering  or  libation  brought  to  a  iAa;  ^hru- 
midd  an  offering  consisting  of  grain;  dus- 
mcdd  offerings  presented  at  certain  times 
Pth.;  rgyun-m^dd  daily  offering;  fig.  dad- 
pad  mcdd-pa  Mil;  ytan-rdg-tu  sffi^ub-pai 
mcodrpa  pul  as  a  thanksgiving  bring  the 
offering  of  meditation!  Mil.  — 

Comp.  mcdd^Uan  house  or  place  of  offer- 
ingSy  of  worship,  Pth.\  adopted  as  an  appel- 
lation for  the  temple  of  the  Jews,  as  Ihct- 
Kah  could  not  be  used  Chr.  Prot  —  rnidd- 
Ibri  offering-table,  Jewish  altar,  Chr.  Bvt 
—  mcodrlcdg  prob.  the  same,  C.  —  mcod- 
cd  Glr.  =  miod-rdzds.  —  mcod-b/ydd  words 
of  adoration,  doxology.  —  mcodrrten  Ssk. 
%lf  (religious  building)  and  -m  (elevated 
place,  elevation,  tumulus)  l.etymologically; 
receptacle  of  offerings;  2.  usually:  a  sacred 
pyramidal  building,  of  a  form  varying  in 
different  countries  and  centuries,  esp.  near 
temples  and  convents,  where  often  great 
numbers  of  these  structures  are  to  be  seen. 
They  were  originally  sepulchres,  containing 
the  relics  of  departed  saints,  and  therefore 
called  ydun-rt^;  afterwards  they  were 
erected  as  cenotaphs,  i.e.  in  honour  of 
deceased  saints  buried  elsewhere,  but  in 
more  recent  times  they  are  looked  upon 
as  holy  symbols  of  the  Buddhist  doc- 
trine, V.  Kopp.  1,  533.  —  mcodrstigs  offer- 
ing-table, altar.  —  miod-stdd  Sell.:  an 
offering  with  a  hymn  of  praise.  —  mcod- 
stdn  an  entertainment,  as  sort  of  libation, 
given  to  the  priests  DzL;  perh.  also  a 
sacrifidal  feast  —  mSod-sddn  1.  Sch.  = 
mcodrrten  (?),  2.  offering-lamp  Sch.,  3.  the 
wick  of  such  a  lamp  (in  this  sense  it  is 
used  in  a  little  botanical  book).  —  mcod- 
ynd9  1.  prop,  place  where  there  is  offered, 
place  of  sacrifice.  2.  the  object  to  which 
veneration  is  shown,  image  of  a  god  Glr.^ 
sanctuary.  3.  the  offering  priest,  the  sacri- 
flcator.  —  ml^ddrporpo  a  sacrificer  6'«.  — 
mZodrJbul  the  offering  of  a  sacrifice  Cs.  — 


mcod-sbyin  id.  (though  elsewhere  m^od-pa 
sbst,  as  a  gift  to  deities,  is  distinct  from 
sbyin-pa  a  gift  to  men),  also:  sacrificer; 
m^od  '  sbyin  -  gyi  ^dun-Kdn  house  where 
people  assemble  in  order  to  perform  sa- 
crifices; srdg-gi  mcod-sbyin  bloody  offer- 
ings or  sacrifices  Tar.  —  m^od-md  offer* 
ing  -  lamp,  lighted  in  honour  of  a  deity, 
and  very  common  in  the  houses  of  Bud- 
dhists; *^od-mi  pid-be*  W.  to  light  such 
a  lamp,  (prop,  to  offer  it).  —  mcod-rdzds^ 
mlSod-M^  midd-pai  yo-byad  instruments, 
utensils,  requisite  for  festival  processions 
in  honour  of  a  deity.  —  mcod-h&ms  or 
-b^dms  the  upper  shelves  in  the  holy  re- 
positories, containing  the  little  statues  of 
Buddha  etc. 

g^£z^ty  fncdr-po,  sometimes  Jnj6r-po  1. 
pretty,  handsome,  neat,  elegant, /o 
mcdr-po  a  handsome  man,  bud-mM  mc&r- 
mo  a  pretty  woman,  esp.  a  smart  gaily 
dressed  female.  —  2.  W.  also  vain,  con- 
ceited. 

O^ffT^  ocfo^-^an  col.  trodden,  stamped; 
'     '  solid,  firm,  compact,   like  the 
Hindustani  pakka. 

'  vb.  n.,  snod  iag-pa  a  broken  vessel 
Dzl.'^  fig.  nor-rgydl  cog  my  pride  is  broken, 
frq.;  der-Jby&n- stabs  iag  the  opportunity 
of  going  there  has  been  cut  off  MU. ;  *lam 
Mg-pa  (also  hog -pa)*  C.  a.  a  beaten, 
practicable  road  (a  road  broken  through, 
V.  Jcig-pd)  b.  W.  an  impracticable,  broken- 
up  road.  -^  2.  to  be  broken  off,  abated, 
beaten  down  from  the  price,  hjtr-Zdg-med- 
par  there  being  no  room  for  either  asking 
or  abating  MiLnt.  — 

II.  also  Zdgs-pay  pf.  bbags,  fut.  bhag 
(imp.  Jcogf)  1.  to  b^ad,  to  walk,  to  move, 
esp.  when  speaking  respectfully  or  for- 
mally, yab»mis-kyi  Idbs-kyis  bcdgs-pcd 
sd'ca  the  place  where  my  ancestors  did 
walk  Glr.;  zabs  cdgs-pai  pyag  pyir  ^o 
follow  me  on  my  walk  Mil.  nt.  —  Jidg- 
tu  or  J^ags  -  9u  ^*d  -ba  to  take  a  walk 
DzL;  *g6m-iag-c^  W.  to  step  along  so- 
lemnly;  idg-peb-pa  v.  pydg-peb-pa.  —  2, 


168 


n.<36f'pi'CI'  ^cc^t-pa 


« 


like  ^rd-ba  in  a  more  general  sense:  b^idn^ 
pa  -  Za,  cibs  -  /a  to  ride  in  a  carriage,  on 
horseback  Cs. 

CWgrorq-  o?«9«-;>«  1    V.  Jag -pa,  -  2. 

'  sometimes  for  J^g-pa, 

q^(^-^  o%C«)-««  »  place  for  walking, 

qxc^-q-  Jdn-ba^  pf.  i^a/i«,  fut.  ^a^t,  imp. 

(^on{s\  1.  to  hold,  to  keep,  to  take 
hold  of,  skrd'la  by  the  hair  Mil.  —  Jan- 
zuns  handle,  crook  of  a  stick,  Mil,  —  2. 
to  carry,  to  wear,  to  carry  about  one,  e.g. 
amulets  etc.  —  3.  (yid-la)  to  keep  in 
memory,  in  one's  mind.  —  4.  to  have,  to 
assume,  e.g.  the  body  of  a  goddess,  of  a 
Rakshasi  Pth. 

qxc^^q-  Jdns-pa  W,  a  (closed)  handful 
e.g.  of  dough;  ^Mni-btf  a  clod 
(of  clay),  a  snow-ball  etc.  formed  in  the 
haud.^d^-e/^*>C3"^^^«-^-^^-^'<./^j/  . 
QXfrzv  Jddrpa  I.  pf.  ?ad,  vb.  n.  to  ycdd- 
'  j?a,  like,  (fdd-pa^  to  be  CUt  into 
pieces,  to  be  cut  off,  to  decay,  dum-bur 
(to  fiedl)  to  pieces  Med.\  to  cease,  end, 
stop,  of  diseases  (r/r.,  of  life  Lex,;  to  cease 
to  flow  or  to  blow,  of  water  or  wind;  to 
die  away,  to  become  extinct,  of  a  family, 
a  generation;  to  be  consumed,  of  provisions 
Pth.  of  bodily  strength  Thgy.;  to  be  decided, 
Rydd'kyis  bsdd-par  Jdd-na  you  being 
determined  to  kill  me  Dzl.  — 

II.  pf.  and  fut.  bsady  imp.  hod  1.  to 
explain,  ^dg-tti  Jcad  it  will  be  explained 
below  Lt.\  yid-la  byos  Hg  dan  bsdd-do 
give  heed,  and  I  will  explain  it  to  you 
Stg.;  Jcad  nydn-pa  to  listen  to  an  expla- 
nation Sch. ;  Jig  (Jos  jrtam  Jddrpa  to  teach 
the  transitoriness  of  existence  Sch.  (?)  — 
2.  to  tell,  to  relate. 
Qxrr^'  Jdb-poy  pf.  bdabs^  fut  btab^  imp. 

cob  to  conceal,  to  keep  secret,  Jab- 
por^med "  pat  sems  a  candid  mind,  open- 
heartedness  Stg.  (cog.  to  jab-pa). 
Qxxrzy  o^^^'i^  !•  vb.  (pf.  bbam  Lea.), 

also  adj.  and  sbst.  to  accord,  to 
agree,  agreeing,  agreement,  sHd-la  nU  Jam- 
pas  as  they  did  not  agree  about  the  go- 
vernment Glr.;   Jam  byid-pa  to  make 


q(3B^'q'  Jdr-ba 

agree,  to  reconcile  MiL,  ^"Sam  mi  ?ai»* 
col.  they  do  not  agree;  Ua  Jam -pa  to 
agree  upon,    to  concert,  e.g.  an  escape; 
Ka  Jdm-par  by  concert,  unanimously. 
II.  1.  to  dance.  Jam-par  byed-pa  Sch. 

2.  a  dancer,  Uro  Jdmr-pa  a  dancer  with 
a  frightful  mask;  gar-Jdm(s)  a  daooe; 
Jdm-po  a  dancer  Glr.;  Jam~dpdn  leader 
of  a  dance;  Jdm-yig  book  or  programme 
of  a  dance. 

^<$^'o?«  Ld.y  Sp.  cupboard. 

Q -Q.-,  Jd-ba  1.  pf.  bcasy  rarely  Jas^  fat 
'^  bitty  imp.  cos,  to  make,  prepare, 
construct,  but  used  only  in  reference  to 
certain  things;  1.  ffias,  vulg.  fsan,  Jd-ba 
Pth.  to  prepare  a  place,  house  or  abode, 
to  settle;  mal  Jd-ba  to  make  a  bed  or 
couch  Ci.;  dmag-sgdr  Jd-ba  to  pitch  a 
camp ;  Krims'^a  Jd-ba  to  establish  a  court 
of  justice  Glr.  —  2.  rgyal  -  Urimx  Jd-ba 
to  draw  up  a  law,  to  give  laws,  frq.  -— 

3.  dam  Jd-ba  to  make  a  vow,  to  promise, 
assert,  protest,  frq. ;  yi  -  dam  Jd  -  ba  id.; 
also  to  utter  a  prayer;  ddm-bba  v.  sub 
dam.  —  4.  skyU-krith  cd-ba  ^  skyil-kritn 
byM-pa^  v.  skyilrba.  —  5.  blo-ytdd  Jta-ha^ 
c.  c.  ia,  to  place  confidence  in. 

II.  to  bite,  ybig  -  la  yUg  Jd-Hn  zd-la 
to  bite  and  devour  one  another  DzL;  so 
Jd-ba  to  bite  with  the  teeth  (?)  Mng.^  or 
to  gnash  or  grind  the  teeth  (?);  sin  Jd-ba 
to  gnaw  at  a  piece  of  wood  £1^. 
nx.xrfffSr  o^"*^"^^^>  ^^  Jar-bdn  a  preseot 

-^  given  reluctantly  Sch.  (?) 
a^x^q-o^r-ba,  pf.  kar,  to  rise,  appear, 
become  visible,  of  the  sun  etc., 
also  of  the  sun's  appearing  above  a  moao- 
tain,  from  behind  a  cloud  etc.,  frq.;  ts 
shine,  gans-ri-la  nyi-ma  har-ba  the  shiniag 
of  the  sun  upon  a  mountain  covered  with 
snow,  a  snowy  mountain  lit  up  by  the 
rays  of  the  sun  Glr.;  yzugs-bmydn  mi 
Jar  -  ba  the  not  appearing  of  the  image 
which  is  formed  by  the  reflection  of  a 
mirror  (as  something  strange  and  surpris- 
ing) Wdn ;  yztigs  Jdr-ba  byid-pa  to  cause 
an  image  to  be  reflected  (in  the  water); 


Q.SPrq-  Jdl'ba 


a^^?r«i'  o«^-p« 


169 


dpyidrka  iar  spring  has  appeared;  frq.  of 
thoughts :  nydmS'SUy  or  jfid-la  ^Mr-ba 
(thooghts)  rising  in  one's  mind ;  yid  -  la 
iar  kyan  Mil.  though  I  can  figure  it  in 
nay  mind;  grogssu  Jlar  (they)  appear  as 
friends  Jl/tf.;  rgydn~du  Jiar  Mil,  it  turned 
into  a  blessing.  —  JSdr-sgo  thought,  idea, 
eOflceptkNly  Jidr^o  Jbtjun  an  idea  comes, 
a  (happy)  thought,  a  (new)  light,  bursts 
upon  me  MU.;  ^ar-ga  Mil.  the  rising,  the 


(XXprn'  o^^^'^  secondary  form  to  ^SJ^ 
ba  II.,  1.  Cs.:  to  fluctuate  men- 
tally; in  this  sense  prob.  Zam.  ytad-mid 
JidUba  to  fluctuate,  to  waver,  without  aim 
or  object.  —  2.  to  be  confused,  in  disorder, 
wmra-  Jldl^  also  Jial-ytdm  mwa  Lt.^  as 
a  morbid  symptom,  prob.  he  raves,  he 
talks  nonsense.  — 3.  morally:  tstd-IMms 
JSdl'ba  S.g.  to  break  one's  vow,  bsldb- 
pa  to  act  contrary  to  the  doctrine,  to 
violate  it  Tar.;  in  a  more  restricted  sense: 

—  4.  to  fornicate,  to  commit  adultery,  btidr 
tnM  »inad'JSdl  byid-pa  a  whore,  harlot 
MiL\  Jicdrpuj  -po  lecher,  fornicator  Stg.; 
JidlrparmaffiS''kyi  fsig  obscene  language, 
mentioned  as  sub-species  of  kydl-ka;  jSdl- 
mo  whore.  —  ^iSaUla-lol-W  TT.,  Hal-M 
Tar.  184,  20  confusedly,  pellmell. 
Q^q-oS-Aa,  pf.  Hy  1.  vb.  to  die,  of  a 

flame:  to  go  out;  ran  JHo  I  will 
seek  death  DzL;  ^^-ba  yin  he  dies,  will 
die  S.g.;  JH  or  H^a-las  sds-par  ^yitr-^a 
Dzl.  to  be  saved  from  imminent  danger 
of  death  (but  not:  to  rise  from  the  dead); 
JH'bar  by^d-pai  }hi  water  causing  death 
Sambh.;  H-bar  gyiir-to  they  perished  Pth. 

—  2.  sbst,  the  state  of  dying,  death,  ^S- 
ba  tsdm  -  du  ^gyttr  -  ia  to  die  almost  (of 
grief  etc.)  Mil.;  das-min  JH^ba  nyiin-ba 
yin  premature  death  rarely  occurs  Sambh. ; 
JH-ba  nam  yon  ?a  med  Mil.  when  death 
will  come  one  does  not  know,  ( W.  ^H-de* 
to  die;  death;  *H  son*  he  has  died,  *H 
yin*  he  will  die).^ab*?^  ^^^^S   ' 

Comp.  JH'/la  Cs.:  tfie  very  ^  of  dying,' 
but  I  doubt  whether  such  a  sbst.  exists; 
I  only  know  the  adv.  JH-kar  at  his  very 


dying,  at  the  point  of  death  MU.,  when 
being  exstinguished  Glr.  (v.  Kar  sub  Ka 
IV.  4,  5),  and  JH-kd'^ma  1.  adj.  dying,  dud- 
^0  JH-lca-Tna  a  dying  animal  Glr.\  2. 
sbst.  the  dying,  JH-ka^  ma  -ru^di-  Mar 
(doubtful);  JH-kar  and  JH-gar  may  be 
incorrect  spellings.  — -  JH-ltas^  more  rarely 
JH{-bai)  rtdgs  forebodings,  foretokens  of 
death  Med.  —  J^bddg  the  lord  of  death, 
perh.  =  yMn-rye^  but  it  seems  to  be  more 
a  poetical  expression  than  a  mythological 
personage;  ^U-bddg  bdud  id.  —  JH-ndd 
a  disease  causing  death,  a  fatal  disease 
Tar.  —  JH-Jya-po  Cs.;  a  person  dying  (?) 

—  JH-^baym^^d^-pa)  immortal;  cf.  H-ba. 

—  Note.  ^U  jp6A)a  is  prob.  only  a  rather 
incorrect,  yet  common  expression  for  Ue 
jpd^a  to  change  one's  place  of  existence, 
to  transmigrate. 

qJ^(^'^'  o%(«)-P«  to  bind  ScA.,  prob. 
'  an  incorr.  spelhng  iorjiyig^a. 

qlC'cr,  qJfc^ci'  o^«-*«,  J^^-pa  I. 

vb.,  pf.  bHhs^  rut.  bciriy 
imp.  o^^(*)^  ^«  *^'w-c^*,  to  bind  (in  ge- 
neral); to  fetter  (a  prisoner)  Dzl.\  to  bind 
or  tie  up,  to  cord,  a  bundle  or  package; 
to  tie  round,  to  put  on,  a  girdle  Glr.;  to 
bind  up,  to  dress,  wounds;  fig.  to  render 
harmless,  to  neutralize,  paralyze,  esp.  by 
witchcraft,  to  exorcise,  frq.;  bUns  ^dUba 
to  untie,  to  loosen,  to  take  off  the  dress- 
ings Lt.  — 

II.  sbst.  any  binding-material  1.  ribbon, 
mguWSins  necklace,  neckcloth,  neckerchief. 

—  2.  fetter,  shackle,  also  fig.  for  magic 
curse,  anathema.  —  3.  string,  tie.  —  4. 
cramp,  spasm  C. 

Q^r-q-  Jcih'bu  a  spurious,  glass  jewel 
"  ^  \8chf.  Tar.  142,  9);  bsam-yas- 
JHn-iu  p.  n.  Ma. 

^  ^  imp.  M>8  resp.  to  ascend,  to 
mount,  a  horse  or  carriage,  rtd-la^  or  more 
correctly  ifibs'la,  to  ride,  to  proceed  on 
horseback. 

qJ^^^  jHms'pa  to  be  full,  to  get  full 
Schn 

11* 


no 


Q^q-  Jit^ba 


£ 


0^^  Ml^ 


Q^x^ST  o^Hr-ba^  evidently  a  present-form 
of  the  pf  .  cir-ba,  to  press,  to  squeeze. 
n  x'fl-  ^cii'ba  I.  ace.  to  grammatical  ana- 
^  logy  1.  vb.  n.  to  jrdM-pa,  to  be 
twisted,  distorted,  pf.  ^his.  —  2.  sbst.  cur- 
vature, crooi(edness ,  distortion.  —  3.  adj., 
more  frq.  ^^us-pa  crool(ed,  wry,  Ua-Jcus  Wdn. 
the  mouth  being  wry,  distorted  Lt;  also 
obstinately  perverse;  fig.  yig-Q&us Med,  frq., 
prob.  =  Uam-ldg, 

II.  pf.  bbuSy  fut.  bbUy  imp.  cms,  W.  *^- 
^e^y  1.  to  lade  or  scoop  (water),  cu-mig-la 
^u  to  draw  water  from  a  well  DzL;  ?m- 
fdm  water- conduit  Sch.  —  2.  to  irrigate, 
to  water,  Hn  a  field  Cs.  (?) 

in.    ndn-gyu  Ju-ba-la  Tar.  127,  6, 
when  he  was  pressed  hard,  was  urged  with 
importonity;  (this  signification,   however, 
seems  to  rest  only  on  this  passage). 
q^M-q*  o^  -pa  to  be  mistai(en  Pth.^  v. 

(XXJgrsy  oCiin-pay  evidently  vb.  n.  to  ^un- 
^  pa^  hence  1.  to  be  tamed^  subdued, 
made  to  yield,  stdbs-kyis  "by  force,  Ids-kyis 
by  hard  work.  —  2.  to  confess  Cs.  —  3. 
to  wrap  or  twist  ScL  —  4.  to  fix  Sch.  — 
5.  to  fix  one's  self  Sch.;  Jcdl-^a/r  Jhin  en- 
tangled in  vicious  indulgences  Sch. 

O.SSi(^'^^  o^^(«)-f  a  1-  to  wish,  to  long 
^^   ^      for  Lea:.  -  2.  to  shrink  Cs, 

Q(5'n'    o^^'^^y    pf-    ^^^}    o^^   (Sch.),   fut 

bce^  imp.  ces,  1.  to  assure,  to  pro- 
mise, Mas  JSe-ba  Lex.,  resp.  idl-gyis 
Jce  -  ba  id.  —  2.  resp.  for  smrd  -  io,  like 
ysiin-ba  (?) 

q^q-  o%-P«.  9Xso  ^cdg{s)-pa,  pf.  bhags, 
'       fut.  bhag^  imp.  hog,  W.  ^sdg-be*, 

1.  to  cleave,  to  split,  hm  wood;  sdg-lesj^g- 
pa  to  saw  Sch.;  ^ceg-byed  (a  thing)  that 
cleaves,  a  batchet  Cs.  —  2.  to  confess,  to 
acknowledge;  v.  also  bkdg-pa  and  hdg-pa. 
QXJTZV  ^idrpo,  an  incorr.  form  of  cdd-pa 

^       or  mcid-pa. 
Q^jT^-q-  Q^^ms-pa,  pf.  bbemsy  fut.  bcem^ 

to  chew  Jfi?d. 
q,2^fl'  o^^l'^^  ^'«-  1-  to  believe,  give  cre- 
^  dit  to;  blo'J^lrba  (?)  col.  id.  — 

2.  Lea^.  =  z^-^pa  to  wish  (?). 


P^SS^  0%  wall  Sch. 

=  Jldn-ba. 
Q^g^^-q-  Q^dms-pa  1.  =  Jidm-pa  Glr.  and 
Leorj?.  —  2.  vb.  n.  to  Jdms-pa 
4   W.,  *da  ?(ww  80»*  now  it  is  done. 

^ot^'H  oC&i*'po  =  m^or-po. 

q2xw  ^Idr-ba  I.  vb.  n.,  pf.  «or,  1.  to 
escape,  slip,  steal  away;  to  drop 
from,  stdn-mo  hdr-ggis  as  the  meal  escaped 
him,  as  he  was  deprived  of  the  meal  DzL; 
rtso/'Krdg  Jo&r-ba  hemorrhage,  bloody  flux 
Med.;  bkrag-JSor  without  splendour,  lustre- 
less; nor  Jcor  the  money  is  gone,  spent, 
lost  Tfigy.;  sddm-pa  Jcor  the  duty  is  vio- 
lated Glr.;  mi'la^  iSu4a  Ji&r-ba  to  be  con- 
sumed by  fire,  carried  off  by  water;  *Zan 
mi  fun  d^-ne  Ua  mi  ^or*  W.  I  will  not 
drink  any  beer,  then  the  mouth  cannot, 
run  away,  i.  e.  then  no  indiscreet  words 
will  escape  my  mouth;  to  flow  out,  to  run, 
of  a  leaking  vessel,  to  run  over,  of  a  fall 
one.  —  2.  to  come  out,  to  break  out,  frq. 
of  fire ;  Jtriig-pa  lor  a  quarrel,  a  war  broke 
out,  also  of  water  breaking  through  an 
embankment  etc.  -—  3.  to  go  over,  to  pass, 
from  one  person  or  thing  to  another,  r^/yoZ- 
sa  Bddrnas  Me-nydg-la  sor  the  supreme 
power  passed  from  Tibet  to  Tanggiit  Glr.; 
yzdn-gyi  dbdn-du  sor  then  1  shall  get  into 
the  power  of  another  Mil.;  rkun-mct-la  sor 
it  became  the  prey  of  a  thief.  —  4.  W. 
to  run  away,  flee,  escape,  elope,  inst.  otjbrds- 
pa,  *hdr-te  ^a-dug*  he  retires,  falls  badt. 
n.  vb.  a.,  pf.  (b)hor,  fut.  yhor  (?)  1. 
to  pursue,  chase,  hunt  after,  ri-bon  rggas 
hares  by  means  of  nets;  nya  Jior-ba  to 
fish  DzL;  Cs.  also  to  strain  (?);  JSor-sgeg 
a  seducer;  a  swaggerer  Sch.  (cf.  sgSg-pa). 
—  2.  to  light,  kindle,  set  on  fire(?) 
q^gq-q-  Jcol-pa  1.  disorderly,  dissolute,  im- 
moral. —  2.  disorderly  action  or 
conduct,  dissoluteness,  ^cdl-pa  sna-tsdgs 
spydd'pa  committing  several  acts  of  im- 
morality Wdn.  —  IcrO'bO'^dl-pa  n.  of  a 
demon.    (Cf.  J6l-ba  H). 


O.W^^  MUa 


171 


5'> 


^^•^  j6U)a  I.  pf.  bhol,M.  yM(^)  1. 
to  entrust  a  person  with  a  thing, 
to  commit  a  thing  to  another's  charge;  to 
make,  appoint,  di-la  rgyal-po  Jcdl-lo  they 
made  him  king  Pth.;  btsun-mo-la  i^td-rdzi 
bbdl  -  lo  they  made  the  queen  tend  the 
horses  Glr,\  fab-  )y6g  ^^61  zig  he  may 
be  employed  as  a  Idtchenboy,  scullion 
Pih,'^  dban-rndd-du  JSdl^ba  to  make  one 
powerless,  to  compel  by  authority  Glr,; 
bHl'bai  ynyer  Lex.  manager;  Jcdl-bai 
no  her,  intercessor;  *pi-Ai'dh'la  ram-^digs 
bcdUnas  glu  blahs  she  sang  with  accom- 
paniment of  the  guitar  (Ut.  committing 
the  accompaniment  to  the  guitar)  Glr.\ 
*kyab  ^dlrla*  (for  Jol-du)  ""yon-he*  W.  to 
place  one's  self  under  another  man's  pro- 
tection. —  2.  to  commit,  commend,  recom- 
mend, Jm  J^dl'ba  to  commission  one  with 
an  affair  or  transaction;  resp.  prin('la8) 
J^dl'ba^  though  jpWw(- /as)  seems  to  be 
sometimes  a  mere  pleonasm:  ban -so  yul 
del  Iha-sruH-mams-la  prin-bhdl  mdzdd-do 
(the  king)  recommended  the  sepulchre  to 
the  tutelar  gods  of  the  country  Glr.;  *?dZ- 
te  b&r-h^  W.  to  deposit  a  thing  for  tem- 
porary keeping. 

II.  =  Jdl-ba  1.  Cs.  to  change,  to  turn 
aside  (?)  —  2.  to  be  thrown  together  con- 
fusedly, e.g.  of  the  loose  leaves  of  a  (Ti- 
betan) book;  J^ol-bar  byid-pa  to  put  in 
disorder,  to  confuse,  to  confound  il/a.; 
dge-sdig  Jc6l-bar  ^o  virtue  and  vice 
are  confounded  Ma,\  ^i  le-ka  ^61  du^ 
W.  this  affair  goes  wrong,  turns  out  badly; 


in  a  special  sense:  to  rave,  to  be  delirious 

C;  *  col 'lab  gydb-pa*  C,  id.;  ^nyid-^ol 
Idb-pa,  gyag-pa*  C,  to  talk  confusedly 
whilst  being  heavy  with  sleep ;  *cdl'tla*  C, 
senseless  talk;  ^cdl-Uan-ni  iii-gu^  col-tug* 
W.  being  of  a  mixed  race;  illegitimate  or 
bastard  child,  bastard.  —  3.  morally:  to 
break  a  vow;  *arne  Zol  son*  he  has  broken 
his  vow  on  account  of  a  woman,  i.e.  by 
having  married. 

Qxpi'3;r  Q^dl^ma  Cs,:  1.  a  thing  committed 
to  another's  care.  —  2.  a  sly,  crafty 
woman,  Sch.  a  dissolute  woman. 
Q^rt;rq-  ^cds-pa  I.  pf.  bcos  or  o?08,  fut  bto, 
imp.  cos,  supine  bbds-su  DzL  5? 
4,  W.  ^id-be*^  pf.  and  imp.  *cos*^  to  make, 
make  ready,  prepare,  to  construct,  build,  a 
bow,  a  road  etc.  Glr.;\i6s-sam  am  I  to 
build?  Glr.;  dris-ma  tag-par  Jfds-pa  to 
make  ropes  out  of  drdsnia  (a  kind  of  grass) 
prop,  to  work  dr^sma  into  ropes,  Glr.; 
:zab  Q^6s-pa  to  adjust  one's  ornaments 
Sch. ;  his  ^cds-pa  to  dl^ss,  to  trim  one's  self 
up  Sch.;  \sdr-du  Jlds-pa  to  renew,  reno- 
vate, repair  Sch.\  UUn-bapyir  JSds-pa  Tar. 
95,  20  perh.  to  retouch,  amend,  correct, 
improve.  —  fstd-Jcos  hypocrisy,  a  mere 
outward  performance  of  religious  rites  and 
observances  Mil.y  fsul-Jcos  ma  by  as  spydd- 
pa  to  live  without  hypocrisy  Mil.;  fsM-^cos- 
mUan  hypocrite.  —  fsM-JSos-pa  or  bbds- 
pa  ace.  to  Cs.  also  an  established  rule  or 
canon. 

II.  Sch.:  to  gnaw  off  (secondary  form 
to  JSd-ba). 


g-  ja  1.  the  letter  ^,  media,  palatal,  like 
the  Italian  gi  in  Giovanni,  g  in  giro; 
in  C  as  initial  deep-sounding  and  aspirat- 
ed, jh.  —  2.  numerical  figure:  7.  —  3. 
tea,  resp.  ysol-ja.  For  the  trade  in  Cen- 
tral Asia  it  is  pressed  into  brick-shaped 
lumps,  a  portion  of  which,    when  to  be 


used,  is  pulverized  and  boiled,  having  been 
well  compounded  with  butter  and  salt  or 
soda  (bul)  by  means  of  a  kind  of  chum 
of  bamboo  {gv/r-gur)^  after  which  it  is 
drunk  as  hot  as  possible.  Of  late  years 
tea  grown  on  the  southern  slopes  of  the 
Himalaya  Mountains   finds   its  way   into 


172 


W^)a-hM 


Central  Asia.  The  tea  called  Jbru-fdn  is 
considered  the  best,  and  of  other  teas  Cs, 
mentions  rts^-^a^  zi-linspu-^a  hairy  (?)  tea 
from  Siling,  (a  province  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  Kokonor);   Sckr.:  yndm-ja^ 

n;  bzan-^a,  or  ko-tse  is,  ace.  to  Cs,,  good 
ordinary  tea,  Jfwn  -  Jug,  or  (htn-  hm  are 
sorts  of  inferior  quality.  The  shepherds 
in  W,  make  use  of  a  surrogate^  viz.  the 
Potentilla  Inglisii  (span -jo)  ^  growing  on 
the  mountains  at  a  height  of  15  000  feet; 
poor  people  in  Sik.  use  the  leaves  of  the 
maple  (yya-U)- 

Other  comp.  ja-bkruff  (pronounced 
^Aa6-%*),  prob.  for  ja-d*ri^,  twirling-«tick 
Ts.  — ja^m^Ud,  libation  of  tea.  — jci\fdg, 
or  btdg  grinding-stone,  in  India  and  Tibet 
used  for  kitchen  purposes  inst.  of  our  little 
mortars.  —  ja-ddm  Sch.  tea-pot  (?)  —  7a- 
blug  W.  a  little  pitcher -shaped  brass  ves- 
sel. —  ja-Jnn  (pronounced  *)ham'btn*)  C. 
tea-ketUe,  tea-pot  — jd-ma  the  man  that 
prepares  the  tea  in  a  monastery,  tea-COOk; 
)ai  dpon  head-tea-cook.  —  ja-WZ  1.  W. 
grinding-stone;  2.  Lea.  skull. —jo-^n-^an 
^a  cup  of  tea,  or:  as  much  as  a  cup  of 
tea'  Sch.  —  )ar-seg  tea-dust  Sch. 

R'^' jo-Add  Lea.  yellowish  red. 

Sppr  )<V  robbing,  robbery,  jag  rgydg-pa  to 
'  rob,  to  be  a  robber;  rku^ag-gyu-zol 
byid-pa  Glr.;  ^dg-pa  frq.  robber  (not  rob- 
bery Sch.);  jag-dpdn  captain  of  a  gang  of 
robbers  Mil. 

^  ji  1.  num.  fig.:  37.  —  2.  the  correlative 
form  of  the  pron.  ^',  what  For  the  con- 
struction of  a  sentence  containing  H  or  ji, 
V.  gan  U.  The  explanation  there  given 
shows,  that  in  correct  language  Jt  is  always 
followed  by  a  participle:  ji  ydd-ya  depul 
zig  offer  what  you  have,  make  a  libation 
of  what  you  have.  Owing,  however,  to 
the  slight  difference  in  the  pronunciation 
of  H  and  ji,  the  former  is  frq.  written  in 
the  place  of  the  latter;  ji,  of  course,  is 
used  in  conjunction  with  the  same  words 
as  ^*;   a  few  more  instances  may  follow 


i^> 


here:  jt-skad  whatever,  relative  to  words 
spoken:  nas  ji-skad  smras  kyan  whatever 
I  may  say  Glr.  —  )p-snySd  1.  as  much  as, 
as  great  as;  2.  C.  very  much,  every  thing 
possible.  — ji'lta-ba  1.  adj.  of  what  kind, 
of  what  nature,  . .  .ji-lta^  biin-du .  ..la 
yan  de-bUn-no  as  it  is  with. ..  so  it  is 
with  . . .  Stg.  2.  sbst.  quality,  nature,  con- 
dition Cs.  — ji-Ua-bu  such  as,  like  as, 
Lat.  qualis.  -^  ji-Uar  adv.  as,  in  what 
manner;  ^d-mas  ji-ltar  z^^pa  bUn-^  ac- 
cording to  what  the  mother  has  said  Glr. 
—  ji'Ste  =  ci-^te.  —  )i  nus-h/is  to  the  ut- 
most, to  the  best  of  one's  ability  DzL  — 
ji  ma  ji'biin-^  (?)  according  to  custom  or 
common  usage  Sch.  —  ji^mi-smfdm^pai 
bzdd-pa  a  patience  prepared  for  every  event 
Sch.  (?)  —  ji'tsam  ^ji-snyM;  lo  Ina  Idn- 
pa  ji'tsam-^a  de-bbin-no  Uiey  are  (as  tall) 
as  (children)  five  years  old  Stg. ;  ji  tsam 
by  as  kyan  whatever  they  had  done  Tar.; 
ji-tsam-na  or  nas  as  soon  as,  when.  — 
ji'bUn  as,  like,  hoyr^  ji-biin  Jko  mi  run 
(he)  can  in  no  wise,  by  no  means,  con- 
tinue to  live  Lt;  ji-bhn-^  ysuns  ellipti- 
cally:  he  said  how  (it  was),  he  answered 
according  to  the  state  of  the  case  (Schf.) 
Tar.  89,  9.  —  )i^Hd  as  long  as. 

W)u  num.  fig.:  67. 

g.^-.  ju-%  denotes  a  way  of  drawing 
>o  '  lots  by  threads  of  different  colours, 
whence  a  class  of  Bonpos  is  called  pya^ 
ban  jU'fig-dan  Glr. 

^'^  ju-po  Li^.,  ^ju-hum*  W.,  a  globular 
V9  stone  used  for  grinding  spices,  = 
ja-ril. 

B^'jus  C.  sta*ategy. 
^^ 

^^^  jus-ma  a  sort  of  silk  stuff  Cs. 

g?;|-a|trKf  i««-%«  1-  ^^^•-  'possessed  of 
X9  '  good  manners,  of  propriety  of 
conduct,  decent,  agreeable;  jus-idS  sincere 
(?)  —  2.  Cs.  clever,  skilled,  able,  experien- 
ced. *^in-gi  fe*  in  agriculture,  *ma^  in 
military  matters  C. 

S  jg   1.  num.  fig.:  97.  —  2.  a  particle, 
used  for  expressing  the  comparative  de- 


^)o 


178 


siEcrj-  ^li^ 


gree  of  an  adj.  or  adv.,  and  esp.  a  gradual 
growing  or  increase,  often  with  tennin.  or 
la:  je  man  ^o  (they)  go  on  increasing 
or  multiplying  in  nomber  Mil, ;  je  ysdUdu 
son  it  has  become  more  and  more  clear 
or  evident  Thgr, ;  gen.  repeated '  je  nye)e 
nye  sdn-^te  going  nearer  and  nearer  Mil,\ 
)e  can  )e  ^n-la  son^  also  )e  ^n  je  nyun 
Mil.  less  and  less;  sometimes  also  for  the 
saperlative  degree,  Cs. ;  je  ddn-po  the  very 
first,  also  Lea,  —  3.  j^-z^f  a  little  while, 
=  r^-Hg  Lea.  —  4.  Bhar.  14,  Schf.:  'an 
adhortative  particle,  often  connected  with 
a  vocative';  Sch.  has:  je  Hyod  ^now  you, 
you  first!'  —  5.  «=  dJbyans  Lex. 
^jo  1.  num.  fig.:  127.  —  2.  v.  the  fol- 
lowing word. 
^-ifjd^  (1IT%)  1.  C*.  the  elder  brother, 
also  ^o-jd*  and  *'d-jo*  (the  latter 
also  in  W.\  resf.jo-l^ys.  —  2.  lord,  master, 
esp.  nobleman,  grandee,  W.  *)o*,  yar-lunjd- 
bo  Olr.  the  lord  of  the  manor  of  Yarlung; 
*ti  -  nan  jo*  W,  the  nobleman  of  Tinan ; 
)o-jo  min-po  my  noble  brothers  (says  a 
princess)  Glr.;  in  C.  used  as  honorary 
title  for  noblemen  and  priests,  in  W.  also 
for  noble  Mussulmans;  in  ancient  times 
for  certain  divine  persons,  and  idols,  par- 
ticularly for  two,  famous  in  history:  jJ-6o 
nd-sh/od^dd-TJe  J  and  tsan-ddn-gyi  jd-bo^ 
also  jd-bo  sd-kytty  jd-bo  rin-po-ii  v.  Glr. 
^^  jd-mo  1.  mistress,  the  female  head 
of  a  household,  a  woman  that  gov- 
erns as  mistress  of  her  servants  Dzl.  — 
2.  lady,  e^.  a  cloistress,  nun  Mil,;  in  W. 
frq.  -  3.  goddess  (cf.  sub  jo-bo  2),  jo-mo 
syrol^ma  the  goddess  Dolma  Glr.  —  4.  p. 
n.  jo-mo^lha-ri  one  of  the  highest  moun- 
tain summits  in  West-Bhotan,  usually 
called  'Chumulhari' ;  jo-mo-Ka-nag  another 
summit  in  southern  Tibet. 
SIEQJ'Q'  mjdUba,  imp.  rrijolj  1.  to  meet  c. 
dan^—  jprad'pa^  without  any 
respect  to  rank.  Mil.  often.  More  frq. 
2.  resp.:  to  obtain  access  to  an  honour- 
ed person;  ial -  dms  -  sw  Tnjdl -  bar  yod 
he  (the  incarnated  Buddha)  may  perso- 
naUy  be  seen  and  spoken  to  Glr.;  to  wait 


on,  to  pay  one's  respects  to  a  person,  yob 
dan  mjal  jHaUh  I  will  pay  a  visit  to  my 
father  Dzl. ;  pyis  myur  -  du  nydl-du  yon  I 
shall  take  the  liberty  of  soon  coming  back 
Mil. ;  rgydl-bai  ska  dan  fa-mal  injal  to  thee, 
Buddha,  my  own  humble  self  approaches 
(says  a  prince  to  his  father  who  appears 
to  be  an  incarnated  Buddha)  Glr.\  rrydU 
bar  iiSt'ba  to  ask  for  an  audience  Gh\ ; 
mjdl'du  mi  btub  (they)  cannot  get  in, 
cannot  obtain  admittance  Pth. ;  *jal  -  Mg 
dd-t^  (or  *}^ag-jdl*  Cs.)  W.  to  salute,  to 
exchange  compliments  on  meeting;  nyal- 
prdd'byidrpa  =  ^prad-pa'^  used  also  of  a 
king  and  his  ministers:  mjal-prdd dan  dgd- 
bai  ytam  mdn-po  mdzad  (they)  exchanged 
many  compliments  and  expressions  of  joy 
Pth. ;  to  visit  or  pay  one's  respects  to  holy 
places,  as  pilgrims  do,  to  go  on  a  pilgrimage, 
also  ial  mjdl'ba  Mil;  ynas  rr^dl-ba  id.,  -^ 
ynas-mjdl'pa  partic,  a  pilgrim/ palmer; 
Jti  7r0dl  kig  do  make  your  pilgrimage  to 
this  place.  —  3.  to  understand,  comprehend, 
Z(mi. :  ^gd-bai  mjdl-ba  ^' ;  don  mjdl-ba  to 
understand  the  sense  Mil.,  yet  cf.  Jdl-ba  3. 
—  4.  often  erron.  for  jdl-ba. 

Comp.  mjdUUa  audience,  access,  admit- 
tance, mjdl'Ua  ytdn-ba^  or  yndn-ba  to  give 
audience,  ^ff^gs-pa  to  refuse  it  Mil,  —  ry^al- 
ddr  ^  Ka-btdgs,  —  rr^dlsna-pa  an  USher, 
master  of  ceremonies  Cs.  —  mjal-pydg 
salutation.  —  v^al-mdm  a  visit  paid  by 
many  together,  a  grand  reception  Cs. 
»£h'n'  ^«'^-p«  I.  =  o^i^-fo.*  —  2.  risfwa- 

mjin  meadow  Bhar.  82,  Schf, 
gmqfT  ^«^  'what  is  behind,  hind  part,  e.g.  of 
N9  I  the  body,  resp.  skur^^^y  posteriors, 
back-side,  tail,  often  also  mjiig-ma^  rfijug 
skdr-ba  col.  to  turn  one's  back  (on  another) ; 
rryikg'Tna  sgril-ba  to  wag  the  tail;  fig.: 
the  further  progress  and  final  issue  of  an 
affair,  the  consequences  =  rjes,  opp.  to  dnos- 
yii  the  thing  itself,  and  to  sridn-^o  the 
preparations  Thgy,;  the  lower  end  or  ex- 
tremity, e.g.  of  a  bench,  a  stick,  a  river 
(«  mouth),  of  a  procession,  train  etc. ;  with 
regard  to  time:  the  end,  zld-ba  brgydd-pai 
mjitg-lay  at  the  end  of  the  eighth  month ; 


174 


Sli"  n0e 


(^sp:  Ja 


in  general  mjug-la,  rr^iig-tu  adv.  and  postp., 
^mfar^  at  the  end  of,  at  last,  behind, 
after,  with  the  genit.  inf.,  or  the  verbal 
root,  gen.  opp.  to  mgo,  —  mjug-sgro  (PT. 
*)ug^o*)  lower  or  inferior  part,  underpart, 
buttocks  (cf.  yzuff);  mjug-to  id.  —  mjn^- 
btdg  (for  i%),  and  mjug-hUb  W,  wagtail. 
—  mgo-Tryiig  above  and  below  DzL 
^^  mje^  resp.  ysdn-mjej  fw^,  ||Hi  the  penis ; 

Zam,  avoids  the  term  by  making  use 
of  circumlocutions,  others  employ  it,  esp. 
Med, ;  also  in  vulgar  use;  mje  Idn-ba  erection 
of  the  penis;  mje  sbubs-su  nvh  the  penis 
recedes;  mfe-mgo  glans  penis.  —  mje-rhg 
the  penis  and  testicles.  —  Tr^e-huhs  the 
membraneous  covering  or  sheath  of  the 
penis. 
^gt-y  mj^d'pa,  Zam.  ^  suffering,  en- 

'  during,  bearing  patiently;  Cs,:  ob- 
noxious; mi-mjed  prop.:  free;  gen.  the 
world,  the  universe,  ace.  to  Buddhistic  ideas; 
except  in  the  last  mentioned  sense  the 
word  seems  to  be  little  used. 

QgOTq*  J^'P^y  pf->i^«j  Cs.;  Sch.:  to 
'  establish,  settle,  fix,  found;  hence 
prob.  bde^^dgs  and  Uris-^dgs^  ^ags-HHs 
(Lea^.  and  elsewh.,  but  not  frq.)  time  of 
prosperity,  of  peace,  of  rest,  a  time  without 
disturbances,  war,  epidemics  etc.  (^m  by 
itself  is  not  known). 

QgOT'gf'  Jdg-po  1.  Lea.  =  klu^  or  n.  of  a 
'        Lu,  also  ojdg-po.  —  2.  vulgo  = 
ydg-po. 

n  gqr^-  Jdg-ma  1 .  Sch. :  a  sort  of  coarse 
'  and  \hiek  grass  of  inferior  quality; 
so  Pth.  of  a  hut:  ^dg-mas  pub-pa  covered 
with  such  grass.  —  2.  Lea.  ^V^  a  fragrant 
grass,  Andropogon  muricatus.  —  3.  Olr.i 
a  blade  (of  grass),  stalk  (of  corn),  Jdg- 
ma  m  st^-na  on  every  blade,  ku-hai  Jdg- 
ma  pan  big  a  bundle  of  blades  of  Eusha 
grass;  Jag-rgddSch.  horse-tail,  pewter- 
grass,  Equisetam.  —  4.  Sik.  squirrel,  perh. 
=  byorTna-byi  Sch.  (?). 

Q^S^rpr  jag^y  V.  sub  Jdg-pa. 

agTOT^  J^*"P^  C  to  give,  to  make  a 
'  present  Georgi  Alph.  Tib. 


QRC^'  Jdn-ba  to  devour,  swallow,  Sck 

<     '         '      sort,  husband,  wife  Cs. 
Q^E<3r^  ^dn-sa,  v.  cdn-^a. 

QEi^'CI'  J^^'P^y  P^'  P'"^'^'  bhabs,  fut  bhtb, 
^  to  sneak,  slink,  creep  privily;  to 

lie  in  wait,  in  ambush,  ts^-la  jdb-pa  to 
attempt  a  person's  life  Pth.;  *pdg-n$  job- 
te  sad  tdh'he*  W.  to  assassinate;  Ikog  Jab 
by^d-pa  v.  Ikog]  ^db-bus  ma  byin-par  len- 
pa  Thgy.  to  steal  clandestinely.  Cog.  to 
Jidb-pa. 

QkE^S'  jdb-tse  nippers,  tweezers. 
Q^E^'^9f|(3r  ^am-mgdn  =  ^am-^pdl. 

Jdm*  C.  col.  (opp.  to  rtxub-fOj 
rtsin-ge)  soft,  smooth,  tender,  mild,  e.g.  of 
cloth,  hair,  a  meadow,  a  plain  without 
stones  or  rocks,  of  fruit,  the  air,  the  cha- 
racter of  a  person,  a  person's  way  of 
speaking  (nag  C,  ^pi-rcf  W.,  ^p^-ra  jam- 
po  daii*  with  mild  expressions,  fair  words, 
in  a  friendly  manner),  of  a  law;  of  bever- 
ages: weak  W.;  of  a  (hay-)rake:  dose  W.; 
^jdm-po  ndb^e*  W.  to  mow  off  close ;  Jaf^ 
Jykd  blo\ving  or  playing  (the  flute)  softly, 
piano;  ^am-rtsi  Med.,  seems  to  be  a  kind 
of  medicine;  ^a7W-8a^*  TT.,  C,  plain,  without 
ornaments. 

aeS^'^qOI'  Ja^dpdl  (Jl^j^)  Jam^ik 
(•TRT),  Jam{'pai)-dbydh$ 
(o^t^)  one  of  the  two  great  Bodhisattvas 
of  the  northern  Buddhists,  the  Apollo  of 
the  Tibetans,  the  god  of  wisdom,  demiurge, 
and  more  particularly  the  tutelar  god  and 
civilizer  of  Nepal  (v.  Kopp.  11,  21),  in- 
carnated in  Thonmi  Sambhotay  and  after- 
wards in  king Kri^ron-sde^tsdn  and  others. 
Cf.  spyan-ras-yzigs. 

Q^eS^'Sr,    i'a.E^T  oi«wi-^,77^Jaw,re9p. 
for  fug-pay  SOUp. 

0,5^'^  Jam-mo  post-stage  Sch. 

QSP:    qgQ-^  >.>-^^  rainbow  frq.. 
'  '   oja-jod  light,  splendour 


-^i    >/ 


*^  «• 


C^EQ^-q-  Ja^ba 


C^l^-q- 


175 


.P9-VO. 


of  the  rainbow  Jtt.;  Jjci-fson  yal-ba  the 
vanishmg  of  the  rainbow  frq. ;  ja-lujs  v.  his, 
QSp:^  J^^  ^'  *^so  Ja-mo  Sch.  lame, 

gen.  ia-ba;  Ja-bar  byed-pa  to 
make  lame,  to  lame  S.g,  —  2.  to  bespeak, 
to  concert,  to  confederate  Sch. 
OBOr^  J«-««j  oi«-*^i  wlict,  diploma,  a 

permit  Ci.,  who  declares  this  word 
to  be  Chinese. 
nejTfl'  ojcer-ba  Lex.  w.e.,  ace.  to  Cs.  = 

Jyyar-ba  to  Stick  together,  to  cohere. 
QCQi-n'  jol'ba^  pf.  bbal^  fat.  yzaly  imp. 

Jo/,  W.  ""bal-be^j  1.  to  weigh,  Jal- 
byed  sran  (a  pair  of)  scales  for  weighing 
Lex.y  srdn-la  yhal-ba  Glr.  —  2  to  measure, 
rin  -  fun  -  tsdd  jdl-ba  C.  to  measure  the 
length.  —  3.  to  appraise,  to  tax;  to  weigh 
in  one's  mind,  to  ponder;  more  fully  ex- 
pressed by  blos'^dlr-ba  to  understand  ScA., 
although  native  grammarians  refer  this 
signification  with  less  probability  to  mjal- 
ba.  —  4.  to  pay,  pay  back,  repay,  bu-lan 
a  debt,  akyin-pa  a  loan,  Ural  a  tax;  to 
retaliate,  return,  repay,  esp.  with  Ian:  pan- 
Idn  ynodrpas  or  Ugs-pai  Ian  ny^s-pas  to 
return  evil  for  good.  The  following  is  a 
Buddhist  principle  of  law,  butprob.  existing 
only  in  theory:  dkon-m^.dg-gi  rdzds4a  AH 
JaZ,  dge-jdiin-gyi  rdzds-la  brgyad-bu  Jal^ 
pdl-pai  rdzds'la  bdun^^yur  no  brgyad  ^Jal 
divine  or  sacred  objects  are  to  be  repaid 
or  made  good  ten  thousandfold,  things  or 
property  of  the  clergy  eightyfold ,  of 
ordinary  men  sevenfold,  and  besides  the 
object  itself,  hence  eightfold  6'.;  in  Glr. 
there  is  the  following  passage:  brkus-pa 
la  brgyad  Jal  nos  dan  dgu.  —  5.  often 
erron.  for  ir^dl-ba\  thus  prob.  also  in: 
jal  JnUr-ba  to  -bring  a  present  ScL  (more 
correctly:  a  present  of  salutation).  —  ^jdl- 
Ua  the  act,  or  business  of  measuring  (J. 
Q^fl*  oi*'"*<*  1-  ^'«-?  also  Iji-ba^  a  flea.  — 
2.  Lex.  and  Cs.:  =  Jim -pa.  —  3. 
Cs.  =  Jam- pa  SOft,  smooth.  —  4.  Sch.: 
disgusting,  nasty,  e.g.  of  a  fishy  smell, 
q^n-xy  ojig-rUn  (receptacle  of  all  that  is 
'"  '  perishable)  1.  the  external  world: 
a.  ace.  to  the  common  (popular)  notion: 


the  whole  earth,  the  universe,  Jig-rt^n- 
na  dkdn-pa^  what  is  rare,  the  only  thing 
of  its  kind  in  the  world  Dzl.;  Jig-rUn- 
gyi  Iha  the  god  of  the  world,  a  deity  of 
the  Bonpos  Mil.;  Jig-rOn-la^  ^dds-pa  one 
that  has  escaped  from  this  world,  one 
emancipated,  blessed  Cs.  —  b.  the  external 
world  ace.  to  Brahmanic  and  Buddhist 
theories,  as  set  forth:  Kopp.  I,  231;  Jig- 
rtM-gyi  Hams  id.  Glr.;  Jig-rthi  ^dga-pa 
origin,  beginning,  ynds-pa  duration,  Jig- 
pa  destruction,  bidg-pa  arrangement  of 
the  world,  cosmography  (title  of  a  volume 
oi  Stg.)  ojig-rt^  ysum  the  three  worlds, 
earth,  heaven,  and  hades;  Jig^rt^  (pum- 
gyi)  mg&n-po  (Trilokrulth  Hind.)  lord  or 
patron  of  the  three  worlds,  which  is  also 
the  title  of  the  third  of  the  three  highest 
Lamas,  viz.  of  the  Dharma  Raja,  residing 
in  Bhotan,  v.  Ounningh.  LadakSll;  Bud- 
dha Sakya-fub-pa  seems  to  have  the  same 
title,  Pth.  —  c.  fig. :  bdi-ba-han-gyi  Jig-rt^^ 
or  bde-^*o  mfo-ris-kyi  Jig-rthi  the  world 
of  the  blessed,  like  our  'heaven',  but  of 
rare  occurrence.  —  2.  world,  in  a  spiritual 
sense,  Jig-rUngyi  byd-ba  worldly  things 
or  affairs;  Jig^rt^-la  dgds-pa  (or  pdn- 
pat)  bsldb-bya  useful  maxims  of  life,  moral 
niles  Gb\;  Jig-rUn-gyi  Hos  brgyad^  v.  cos; 
Jig-'rten  byid-pa  short  expression  for  Jig- 
rthi-gyi  las  by^d-pa  Mil.  —  3.  symb.  num. : 
three.  —  Jig-rt^-pa  i.  an  inhabitant  of 
the  world,  or  the  inhabitants  of  the  world, 
the  world  as  the  totality  of  men,  and  more 
particularly  of  the  worldly-minded;  Jig- 
rUrirpa  ni  ma-dul-ba  yin^as  as  the  world 
is  unconverted,  in  which  sense  also  Jig- 
r^  (by  itself)  seems  to  be  used.  2.  a  layman. 
q|fcn-q-  J^g'P(^  I-  vb.  1.  act.  pf.  bkig,  fut. 
'  Z^^,  imp.  (6)%,  W.  *9ig-be,  hig 
tdh'he*,  to  destroy,  buildings  etc.,  frq.:  to 
cut  to  pieces,  to  divide,  e.g.  a  killed  animal 
W. ;  to  ruin,  to  annihilate,  existing  institutions 
or  things,  also  other  people;  to  abolish, 
annul,  a  law  W.:  to  dissolve,  an  enchant- 
ment; to  lay  aside  an  assumed  appearance 
or  manner  (=  to  unmask  one's  self)  Mil.\ 
to  break,  violate,  one's  duty,  a  vow,  Dzl.\ 


176 


ql^q- 


o/^s-pa 


qlt'^ 


o^m-pa 


rma  -  ^jig  Med.  was  explained :  healing 
wounds,  ojig-par  byed-pa  =  ojiff^pa^  frq. 
—  2.  vb.  p.  pf.  biig,  and  more  frq.  zig^ 
W,  ^iig-cey  Hg  M-be^^  to  be  ruined,  undone, 
e.g.  by  mischief-making  people  Dzl,;  to  fall 
to  pieces,  to  decay,  to  rot,  of  the  human 
body  etc.;  to  be  lost,  to  perish,  ^ig-far 
lin-iu  sla  (earthly  goods)  may  be  easily 
lost  again  Thgy.;  to  vanish,  disappear.  Jig 
(or  zig^'par  ^^gyur-ba  id.;  sem  lig  son  W, 
he  was  quite  dejected  or  cast  down;  in^ 
ysds  byedrpa  B,,  C,  *ztg^6  (or  -sob)  td-be 
or  tdn-id*  W.  to  'restore  from  destruction', 
to  rebuild  c.  dat.  frq.,  also  c.  genit.  Pth.; 
prob.  also  c.  accus.  —  3.  to  SUck,  draw 
out  moisture  ScLy  v.  jib-pa. 

n.  sbst  decay,  destruction,  ruin,  entire 
ovei  throw,  sky^-ba  dan  Jig-pa  kim-la  srid- 
na  as  it  is  the  lot  of  all  men  to  rise  and 
to  decay  DzL;  Uis-kyi  mfar  Jig-pai  has 
symptoms  of  the  final  decay  of  the  body 
Wdn.;  *Mn'la  Koi  zig-pa  yod^  beer  proves 
his  ruin,  beer  is  his  destruction  W.;  Jig^ 
p§  ^O'den*  C,y  Jig-pa^can  Cs,  frail,  perish- 
able. 

III.  adj.,  but  only  in  conjunction  with 
a  negative:  mi- Jig -pa  imperishable;  mi- 
Jig  rtdg-pa  as  explanation  of  a  synonym  Lea;, 

qlfefprq*  0)^9^-?^  I-  ^*>-  (^)  resp.  tsdbs- 
'  pay  to  be  afraid  of  a  thing,  is 

gen.  connected  with  the  instr.  (lit.  'by'),  in 
later  literature  and  col.  with  la^  srin-pos 
JigS'Hn  from  fear  of  the  Rakshasa  DzL\ 
d^-la  na  mi  Jigs  I  am  not  afraid  of  that 
Mil;  in  W.  frq.  in  conjunction  with  *rag*: 
*ll6-la  Jig  rag^  I  am  afraid  of  him;  also 
relative  to  the  future,  like  ddgs-pa:  yi-ge 
mans -pas  Jigs  -  nas  =  man  -  gi  dogs-noA^ 
fearing  lest  there  should  be  too  much 
writing,  i.e.  from  want  of  room  Pth,; 
Jigs-^su-run-ba  dreadful,  frightful,  frq.; 
*Jig't€  ddr-ri  spi-ra  zer-c^  W.  to  speak 
trembling  and  shaking  with  fear;  ^mdn- 
po  )ig  son*  W,  I  am  very  much  afraid; 
Jigs-par  .jgyur-ba  to  be  frightened,  Jigs- 
par  by  id-pa  to  put  in  fear,  to  frighten. 

II.  sbst.  (ift^)  fear,  dread,  srin-poi 
Jigs-pas  from  fear   of  the  Rakshasa  DzL 


WQ'i  14  (unless  srin^pos  ought  to  be  read, 
as  above) ;  Jigs-pa  brgyad  the  eight  fears 
of  life  (so  among  the  rest:  rgydlr-poi  Jigs- 
pa  the  standing  in  fear  of  the  king,  who 
in  the  East  is  always  supposed  to  be  an 
arbitrary  despot);  mi- Jigs-pa  1.  fearless- 
ness, intrepidity;  mp- Jigs-pa  sbyin^^  to 
impart  intrepidity;  mi-Jigs-pai  Idg-pa  a 
fearless  hand,  heroic  vigour.  2.  pardon, 
quarter,  safety  Cs.  —  Jigs  (-pa)- dan  Cs. 
1.  fearful,  timorous.  2.  dreadful,  frightful 
(I  never  found  it  used  in  this  sense). 

in.  adj.  1.  (fearing)  fearful,  timorous, 
Jigs-pai  ^6-ba-mams  timorous  beings 
Pth.  —  2.  (feared)  dreadful,  frightful,  Jigs- 
pai  mfsdn-^a  dreadful  weapons;  Uyodrpas 
Ihag-par  Jigs -pa  yod  there  is  something 
even  more  formidable  than  you  are  Dzl. 

Comp.  bdr-de-la  Jigs  skydb-mai  sm4nr 
lam  a  prayer  efficacious  in  the  Bardo- 
horrors  Thgr.  —  Jigs-skrdg  fear;  also  a 
terrible  object,  Jigs-sh'dg-tu  son  he  has 
been  changed  into  a  fright,  a  monster  Mil.\ 
*o)V'^  tQm-pa*  C.  (lit  btdn-pa)  to 
frighten,  deter;  intimidate,  threaten;  Jigs- 
skrdg-pa  to  fear,  to  be  afraid  DzL  —  Jigs- 
mMan  col.  timid,  timorous.  —  Jigs -ban  v. 
Jigs -pa- ban  above.  —  Jigs-cum-pa  v. 
dum-pa.  —  J^s(-pa)-po  one  afraid  Cs.  (?) 

—  J^s-byid  one  that  is  terrifying  Schy 
appellation  of  Yamantaka,  who  is  invoked, 
e.g.  in  drawing  lots.  —  Jigs-brdly  Jigs- 
mid  ieSjAess^  intrepid,  bold;  also  noun  pers. 

—  *Jigs-ri^  W.  fear,  terror,  *Jig-ri  fs&r- 
be*  to  be  afraid,  ^ig-ri  hid-be*  to  frighten, 
to  menace,  to  intimidate.  —  Jigs-sa  Mil.y 
Jigs-sa  ci  it  is  a  very  dangerous  quarter 
or  region,  in  that  place  there  is  much 
occasion  for  being  afraid. 

Q&t'  Jin  1.  ace.  to  6«.  =  wSn,  Afon,  e.g. 
rgyd-mtsoi;  Sch.:  mtso-Jiin  the 
whole  circumference  of  a  lake;  prob.  more 
corr.:  the  middle.  Lex.:  lus-Jdm  Jdg-po 
mfs6-Jin  Jug  the  smooth-bodied  Lu  alights 
in  the  middle  of  the  lake.  —  2.  sirodrJUi 
Lex.  I  or  srod-byin  twilight 
Q^t'CT  oJ^^-P^y  ^so  m)in-pay  neck,  resp. 
ska- Jin;  *jin-pa  gyur-b^  W.  to 


n^l^C^'^  jiK^ypa 


177 


^S^^  ojiig-pa 


turn  or  move  round  (as  vb.  n.),  *jin'pa 
gyur-te  Ud-ie*  W,  to  look  round,  or  back; 
*]in-pa  hag-he^  W,  to  break  one's  neck; 
*)m'pa  z^m-ie*  W.  to  hug,  to  embrace; 
^in-kydg  a  wry  neck  Cs.\  Jin-kun  the 
nape  of  the  neck  Glr.;  Jin-Udg  the  back 
part  of  the  neck  68. 

qlqC^yq-  J^K^)-?^  (Sch.  also  Jigs-pa) 
^  ^  ^  pf.  fe*«  (jiibs\  fat.  bzib  (/lib), 
to  SUCky  e.g.  of  a  suckling  baby;  mhis 
with  the  lips  Lex.;  Krag  Jibs-^a  to  suck 
blood  Lex.\  to  $uck  out,  in,  or  up,  to  im- 
bibe, absorb,  also  to  blister,  )ib-mdn  W. 
vesicatory. 

q^&-  Jib-ri»i  1.  C«.  a  kind  of  sirup. 
—  2.  Wdn,  a  medicinal  herb. 

Q^STCT  o)^'P^  B'7  ^*'>  »  compound  of 
earth  and  water,  mud,  clay,  loam 
etc.  {W.  *kd'lag^);  Jim-^kan  a  small  cup 
of  clay,  a  crucible  Cs. ;  Jim-yzugs  a  figure 
formed  of  clay  ©&•.;  rdd-r^ei  Jim -pa  y. 

Q^q-  oi«^*a,  pf.  hbil,  fut.  yltU,  fo  cxpel, 

eject,  remove,  turn  off,  pyir  ^ilria 

Lex,  id.,  e.g.  noxious  auimals,  vices  etc. 

qg'q*  jU'ba  I.  vb.  1.  pf.  Jtt«,  to  seize^ 
X)  grasp,  take  hold  of,  c.  dat.,  dprdU 
bed  mdd-la  ju-ba  grasping  the  arrow 
sticking  in  his  forehead  Glr,;  yUg-la  ybig  ^ 
Ju-ba  taking  firmly  hold  of  each  other 
(in  a  storm  at  sea)  Glr,;  to  seize  a  per- 
son (in  taking  him  prisoner)  Pth.;  Idg-pa- 
nas  to  grasp  by  the  hand,  to  shake  hands 
(in  greeting)  DzL  —  2.  pf.  btus,  fut.  biu, 
W.  *lu^de  {oTju-befT  to  melt,  to  digest, 
zas  Ju-^a  to  digest  the  food;  ju  sld-ba 
digestible,  Ju  dkd-ba  difficult  of  digestion; 
*ra  ju  -  t^  W.  to  digest  intoxication ,  to 
sleep  the  fumes  of  wine  away;  Ju-ln/^d 
a  sort  of  bile,  the  bile  as  the  promoter  of 
digestion  A(ed.    Cf.  hH-ba  II. 

II.  sbst.  1.  digestion,  Ju-ba  slao  the 
digestion  is  in  order,  is  easy  Med.;  Ju- 
stibs  hin  the  digestive  power  is  weak  Med. 
—  2.  a  flea  Sch.  =  Ji-ba. 

05^  Jug-,  sometimes  for  rryug. 


QgOTfi^WT  o)^'^^  ^'  entrance,  way 
^  '  "^  of  access,  to  a  tank  or  river, 
Ghat  (Hind.). 

QEcrrcr  o)^'P^>  ^'  P^-  ^^  ™P-  ^^>  ^• 
^  '      *i%.a^*,  vb.  n.,  1.  to  go  or  walk 

in,  to  enter,  Mdn-paiy  or  <hii  ndn-du  Jug- 
pa  to  go  into  the  house,  or  into  the  water; 
rgyd-m^sor  Jug -pa  to  put  to  sea,  to  set 
sail  DzL;  Idm-du  Jug-pa  to  set  out,  to 
start,  to  prosecute  a  journey;  *mdl-8a-la 
lug -be*  IF.  to  go  to  bed.  In  a  special 
sense:  a.  of  a  demon,  entering  into  a  man  to 
take  possession  of  him,  hence  *dS-lug-Xan* 
W.  possessed  (by  a  demon);  Jugsgo  Med. 
the  place  where  the  demon  entered  the 
body.  b.  dgS-ba-la  Jug-pa  to  walk  in  the 
path  of  virtue;  ace.  to  Schr.  J^-pa  by 
itself,  without  dg^a-laj  implies  the  same, 
and  in  conformity  with  this  a  Lama  gave 
the  following  explanation  of  the  expression 
Jitg-pai  las  in  Thgy.:  works  that  are  a 
consequence  of  having  really  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  virtue,  positive  good  works, 
opp.  to  the  negative  good  works  of  the 
ten  virtues.  ?d«-ia  Jug -pa  to  turn  to 
religion,  to  be  converted ;  cos  or  bstdn-pa 
lig-la  Jug-pa  to  adopt  a  certain  religion, 
a  certain  doctrine,  c.  bud-mid-la  Jug-pa 
to  lie  with,  sleep  with  a  woman  Med.\ 
*  bar -la  hUg-ie*  W.  euph.  expression  for: 
to  commit  adultery,  d.  *dun-du  liug-te* 
W.  to  appear,  in  reference  to  gods.  e.  r^^- 
»a  Jiig-pa  v.  fj^-su.  —  2.  to  set  or  fall 
to,  to  begin,  rig -pa  sbgdn-bas  rts6m-pa 
kun-la  Jug  a  skilled,  an  experienced  man 
is  prepared  for  anything,  knows  how  to 
set  about  it,  how  to  manage  it  Med. ;  gen. 
with  the  inf. :  to  begin  to  do,  to  commence 
doing  a  thing,  rtdg^pa-la,  resp.  dgdns-pa- 
la  Jug -pa  to  begin  to  think  upon  DzLj 
Glr.;  stdn-pa-la  Jug^ci  to  begin  to  show 
DzL;  ycig-la  ybig  imam -par  brldg-pa-la 
lugs-pas  being  in  the  best  way  of  entirely 
exterminating  one  another  Stg.  —  3.  pass, 
of  Jug-pa  U,  3,  of  letters:  to  be  combined, 
to  be  preceded,  to  be  followed,  zla  yig  sndn- 
du  ba  lugs-can  (words)  having  zl  preceded 
by  6,  i.e.  beginning  with  bzl  Zam,  —  4. 

12 


^e^^  Ji^-Va 


178 


to  take  place,  to  exM,  He-cun-Uydd  iug$- 
par  mhon^as  as  evidently  a  difference  in 
size  is  existing  (?)  DzL  V©,  3. 

n.  pf.  bduff  (perh.  also  ^ugs  Lea.% 
fut  yhiffy  imp.  &/gr,  W.  *J%  -  ^%  vb.  a., 
with  ndn-^u  or  termin.:  1.  to  put  into,  e.g. 
meat  into  a  pan,  a  key  into  the  key-hole, 
a  culprit  into  prison;  to  ififlise,  inject,  yhig- 
par  bya  this  must  be  infused  Med,\  also 
fig.  *nyin-rus  biig-l^  W.  to  inspire  with 
courage.  In  a  special  sense:  a.  (U-la  bio 
^iig-pa  to  set  one's  mind  on,  to  apply 
one's  self  to  Glr,  b.  mi  hig  'Sot-la  ojug-pa 
to  convert  a  man,  to  induce  him  to  adopt  a 
certain  religion ;  Jit^-pa  also  without  an  ob- 
ject, to  missionate  successfully  Feer  Introd, 
du  B.  au  Cachem.  68.  —  2.  to  malce,  render, 
appoint,  constitllte,  with  the  accus.  and  ter- 
rain., or  col.  with  two  accus.:  mi  zig  rgyaU 
per  Jug-pa  to  make  one  king D^Z.;  mnon- 
du  fjug-pa  to  make  public  or  manifest, 
to  disclose,  to  show  Samb,\  *8in  bug-te^ 
W.  to  clear,  clarify;  frq.  with  the  supine 
or  root  of  a  verb:  a.  to  cause,  compel, 
prevail  on,  zar  c)ug-pa  to  prevail  on  another 
to  eat  something  DzL\  skrod-du  yhig-go 
I  shall  induce  (them)  to  expel  (you)  Dd, ; 
bzugs  jug  rgyu  yiu  he  will  induce  (the 
god)  to  take  his  abode  Glr.\  ^oM-m 
Jug  -j?a  to  be  the  cause  of  somebody's 
death  Mil.;  yid-la  Jug-tu  Jug-pa  to  cause 
a  thing  to  enter  a  person's  mind,  to  put 
in  mind,  to  remonstrate;  jpel-bar  Jug-pa 
(resp.  mdzadrpa)  «=  speUba  to  increase,  as 
vb.  a.;  *)un  dug-ie*  W.  to  cause  to  exist, 
create,  procure;  *1iol)ug-h^  W,=^*8kol'h^ 
to  cause  to  boil;  dar-du  htg  Hg  cause  it 
to  spread  Glr,  b.  to  conunand,  order,  bid, 
dmag  ^dzin-du  bbug  he  ordered  the  soldiers 
to  take  (the  man)  prisoner  (but  he  escaped) 
DzL  ^'^^  3;  byedrdu  Jug -pa  to  bid  one 
do  a  thing,  frq.;  btmn-mo  blon-poB  ^ebs- 
8U  bbug  he  gave  orders  for  the  queen  being 
protected  by  the  minister,  c.  to  let,  suffer, 
permit,  smon-lam  ^debs-su  hig  allow  me  to 
say  a  prayer;  rtsig-tu  mi  Jug  I  shall  not 
give  permission  to  build  Glr.  d.  to  give 
an  opportunity  Thgy.   e.  in  a  general  sense: 


C^R^'^  Jiir-ba 

daJrdu  Jug-pa  to  do  things  slowly,  to  be 
slow  Mil.  —  3.  to  put  grammatically:  sikm^ 
du  Jug-pa  to  put  or  place  before,  shcn- 
Jug  a  prefixed  letter,  a  prefix;  fjes-Jug 
final  letter,  yah'- Jug  the  last  but  one;  also 
to  put,  to  use  a  word  in  a  certain  signi- 
fication, rgyu-mfyan-la  Jug  is  used  with 
reference  to  cause  Gram.  —  4.  to  banMi 
to  exHe  (prob.  erron.  for  sp^itg-pa),  bydn- 
la  to  northern  regions  Gbr*  —  5.  sgo  Jug- 
pa  V.  sgo.  —  6.  inst.  of  Jbyug-pa. 

Nd  '  entering;  in  a  special  s^ise  2.  the 
beginning,  the  first  stage  of  a  disease  Mng. 
—  3.  (liqfllO  ^^^  incarnation  of  a  deity. 
QEC^ZT  Juns-pa  avarice,  Dzl.^  Lea.;  Juns- 

N3  pa-ban  avaricious;  Juns-Jur  a 

miser,  niggard. 
Qgr-yjOT-yj-  Judr-mfiin-may  or  Ju^Jun- 

'vd'     nP       TnaLea.  ('accessible  to  all') 
a. prostitute;  Jvd-mfun  byid-pa  to  be  a 
harlot. 
-g-.q-  Jud-pa,  and  more  frq.  ^dzudrpa^ 

\D  '       secondary  forms  of  Jitg-pa.    Cf. 
Sitdrpay  jML-pa. 
Q--,q,  Jun-pcL,  pf.  bbuHy  fut.  yhin  (cf. 

O       bzun^  iun)  W.  *btm-be^y  Cs,:  to 
subdue,  make  tame;  to  make  confess;  W.] 
to  make  soft,  to  soften,  e.g.  iron;  to  punish, 
by  words  or  blows;  to  convert. 
QsxTzr  Jy'f'^C'^  pt  bbum^  fut.  yzu/m,  imp. 

X9  cum,  to  shudder,  to  shrink.  (Ace. 
to  grammatical  analogy  Jumrpa  ought  to 
be  vb.  a.,  to  cause  to  shudder,  and  ^asm-pa 
vb. n.)  ^a  Jums-pa  Lea,,  contraction  of 
the  muscles,  shrinking,  shuddering  Sch. 
Q EX-  Jur,  supine  of  Ju-ba^  Jur  mi  ^dod 

>o      indigestible  Sch.  (?). 
QS^X^-q-  Jur-ba  1.  (pf.  bbur,   q.  v.)  C$.: 

>o  complication;  Sch.  also:  to  struggle 
against,  to  resist  PtL:  Jiir-bar  ^^gyur-ba 
to  be  entangled;  Jur-bu  Sch.^  *Jur-pa*  C. 
tangled  yarn;  srdd-bui  Jitr{-pa)  Lexx. 
w. e.,  Sch.:  'the  tightness  of  the  yarn'; 
Jur-mfug  wrinkled,  as  the  skin  is  in  old 
age  Thgy.;  Ju/r-mig  a  wire -drawing 
plate,  Jur-mtg-nas  ^drSn-pa  to  draw 
through  this  plate  Thgy.  —  2.  ==  ^dzur-ba 


to  evade  y  to  ehun,  to  go  oat  of  the  v^ay, 
jwr^nM  uimvoidablc  Mil. 

qg^  ^^m,  V.  Jtt-6a  1, 1. 

Qgq^q-  J^*»:P«>  J^-po,  well-aounding 
Stg.'y    snyan  -  ^)&)9    harmony, 
euphony. 

.  emess  Lex. 


dexterity,  clev- 
akilled,  clever; 


Sck  decent;  JSms-po  id. 

^^^  J^-^^  a  coquettish,  alluring, 
^  '   seducing  attitude  or  posture;  Zv^ar.; 
Jud-^mfun  ^(hsgig  ^og  the  harlot  assumes 
such  an  attitude. 

Ogs^  Jd'bcL,  pf.  &^,  ft.  ftio,  imp.  Jo8, 
to  milk,  rd^ma  jd-ba  to  milk  a 
goat,  ^o*ma)<h-ba  'to  milk  the  milk';  %(W- 
%w  ^(^-ma  6io«  dug,  nas  m  bids-pa  medy 
it  is  you,  -not  I,  that  have  'milked  out 
the  milk'  Glr.\  Jd  (- ba)  -  po^  Jd-mHan, 
milker,  milk-man,  jd^-ba^-mo  milkmaid; 
^dod-Joi  ba  a  cow  that  is  able  Jo  fulfil 
every  wishfi^/^^I.//;*^^^ 

'  %,  C.  col.  ^idg-pa'',  1.  to  put, 
to  place,  e.g.  the  foot  on  the  ground;  abo 
to  place  persons,  to  assign  them  a  place 
Dzl.y  Glr,\  fig.  =  ^dd'pa  (e.g.  dgi-borla^ 
bjfah'itib'lay  bgan-^M-kyi  Idfh-la)  v.  Qgdd" 
pa  3;  to  put  in  order,  to  arrange,  Jig- 
rtin-bia^'pa  the  arrangement  (system)  of 
the  world;  Im  drdn-por  bzdg-  ste  sitting 
straight,  bolt-upright  XteZ.,  MUr,  bidg-na 
mi  sdod  if  one  places  her  any  where,  she 
will  not  remain  there  Mil. ;  st^n  -  du  yar 
lAag  (the  anchors)  were  placed  above, 
were  weighed  Jtt.;  Ida-su  oJ^'P^  ^^  ^^ 
one  a  task,  to  employ  one  in  a  certain 
service  DzL^  rgycd-sridnla  ^dg-pa  to  ap- 
point one  to  the  government  i.e.  to  make 
<me  king;  idma  (resp,  fugs) -la  ojdg-pa  to 
take  to  heart  &&*.,  M%1.\  lus-la  gfnii  ^du- 
kes tAdg-la  if  we  fancy  the  human  body 
to  be  a  ship  Thgy. ;  ndm-mJia  rdh-gi  ndn- 
du  iog  transfer  it  to  the  nature  of  the 
ethereal  space,  i.e.  figure  it  to  yourself  as 
e^er  MU.;.pyir  Jdg^a  1.  to  leave  behind, 
at  home  DzL;  2.  to  put  by,  to  lay  aside 


179 
Qg^?r^  J&ms-pa 

<l3^--q  •'^j^N-n  '/?J^    "^»^/y/«^  !'7^A/(t^. /t// 

DzL;  (another  reading  omits  ^yir).  —  2. 
to  lay  or  put  down,  a  burden  etc.,  "^idg-la 
hog*  put  (it)  down  and  come!  C;  nor 
(y)sog )og medh&8kpm!g  up  treasures  and  de- 
positing them  was  not,  i.e.  was  never  heard 
of;  ysdg-Jog-mUan  a  hoarder  up,  a  miser 
Cs.\  to  leave,  to  leave  behind,  lag-r^^  ^ 
trace  or  mark  of  activity,  monumentum 
Glr.;  to  leave,  quit,  abandon,  rdn-gi  yul 
one's  own  country  Glr.; pdns-par  ma  bidg- 
par  so  that  it  is  not  abandoned,  given 
up,  to  poverty  Thgy.;  ^yiig-le  h)g*  C.  (= 
^pdn-ti  bor^W.)  throw  it  away!  to  de- 
pose, yi-ger  bris  ^dg-pa  to  depose  in 
writing,  Uteris  mandare  Glr. ;  sd-bon,  ydun- 
brgyud  jdg-pa  to  leave  an  oflFspring  behind, 
to  propagate  the  species;  to  lay  up,  to  keep, 
as  holy  relics;  to  lay  aside,  ri-^iig  idg-la 
setting  aside,  apart,  for  a  while  DzL; 
mnydm-par  J^-pa  v.  mnydm-pa;  sgrdU 
lam  ^og  shall  we  turn  them  out  or  leave 
them?  Mil.  nt. 
^^rf^  II.  pf.  (b)iogs,  fut.  yiog,  imp.  iog,  W, 
*iog-ce^  to  cut,  to  hew,  to  square,  a  pen, 
timber  etc. ;  to  carve,  to  chip,  a  thin  piece 
of  wood  etc. 

OS^JH  ojog-po  n.  of  a  Lu  Mil.,  =  Jag^. 
QgC'  Jon^ldon,  tadpole. 

Qg^-Q^-  Jon-Jdn  col.,  Sch.  Jdn-po, 
oblong,  longish,  oval,  elliptical, 
cylindric,  bottle-shaped  etc. ;  col.  also  applied 
to  stature:  tall;  ^on  -  nydms  -  ban  Wdn. 
oblong  shaped,  in  relation  to  leaves,  cones 
of  fir  etc.;  Id -ma  ^on- stabs  nydg^a-dan 
split  into  narrow  slips,  wing-cleft  (leaves 
of  caraway)  Wdn.;  dbyibs^-Jdn  an  oval 
form. 

Q^'i^'  Jdn-tse  6s.  =  Icdg-tse. 

dM^^SJ'  c^dms'pa,  pf.  bbom,  also  iom, 


fut.  yhnn,  imp.  com,  W.  *ddm- 
^^  1.  to  conquer,  subdue,  oppress,  suppress, 

an  enemy;  ^ddd-cdgs-kyis  kun-nas  ^dms- 
pa  to  be  quite  overpowered  by  lust; 
ncui  Jfdms-pai  sman  a  medicine  for  a 
disease  (to  overcome  it);  rdb-tu  ykdm-pa 
jM  the  following  overpowering  (charm); 


J-'A- 


«?"u^;  £, , 


180 


(S^-  Jor 


|«^'Cr  t^id^ 


bbdm-mo  an  exclamation  like:  I  am  done 
for!  periil  —  2.  to  destroy,  towns  etc. 
Glr.;  bddm-la  yiidg-go  id.  Glr,  —  3.  to 
plunder,  spoil,  rob,  J&ms  -pat  grabs  byds- 
fa-la  as  they  were  about  to  rob  him  MU. 
—  4.  to  finish,  accomplish  W.,  cf.  ^6m^a. 
ogx-  Jo7'  1.  C'.,  also  yioTy  hoe,  grubbing- 
"^  hoe,  mattock,  pick-axe  (W,  *t6g'ts^), 
j&r-gyis  rkd-ba  to  turn  up  with  the  hoe; 
oj&r-po  a  large  mattock,  pick-axe,  spade, 
Jdr-bu  a  small  one,  a  hoe;  Jor-yu  the 
handle  of  a  hoe,  Jor-lddgs  the  iron  of  a 
mattock  Cs.  —  2.  supine  of  ^Jd-ba. 

Q^'H'  J(ii'f><^  I*  ^b.  1.  to  hang  down, 
of  a  cow^s  udder,  of  the  long  hair 
on  a  yak's  belly,  of  tails  etc.;  Jol-Jdl 
hanging-belly,  paunch.  —  2.  gen.  Jbydl-ba 
to  turn  aside,  to  make  way. 

n.  sbst.,  also  (Cs.)  Jol'Jdl  and  j-zdl- 
ba,  train,  trail;  retinue  Cs.;  Jdl-gos  6i., 
^dJr-ber  Wdk.^  Pth.,  a  robe  or  garment  with 
a  train;  Jdl-ian  having  a  train;  Jol-mid 
without  a  train  Cs. 

agora)-  ojo^^  hanging,  cf.  pyan-ni,  grdd-^ 
pa  ojol'U  hanging-belly,  paunch, 
cf.  jh/al  Lea. 

Qggi-jjt  Jdl-mo,  ace.  to  the  descriptions 
given  by  natives,  a  bird  of  the 
size  of  a  blackbird,  of  lively  motions  and 
an  agreeable  whistling,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Lhasa,  building  in  willow -trees 
and  thorn-bushes;  Cs.  has:  a  turkey-hen. 
^r^^'  T^dn-may  or  rdzan-ma,  store -room 
^  Thgy. 

g^'CJ'  T^id-pa  lean  C«.,  gen.  rid-pa. 

|w^^  ^hib'las^Q)  W.^  service  done  in 
socage,  compulsory  service,  in  the 
fields,  on  roads  etc. 

§^'^'  r)M-pa^  rdzudr-pay  =  rgud-pa  Lex. 

S<3r  r^uUj  nadrT^iin  MU.  a  disease. 

^.^.  rye('bo)y  also  ije-u^  lord,  master,  1. 
^  ^  ruler,  king,  yul-gyi  r^e  mdzdd-nas 
ruling  over  a  country,  actiog  the  part  of 
a  sovereign  Qlr.;  bod-Kdms-kyi  r^S-bor  gyur 
he  became  sovereign  of  Tibet  Wdk.;  sd-yi 


bddg-po  mi-yi  rye  MU.  lord  of  the  ground, 
ruler  of  the  people;  fji-ho  dan  bran,  fje- 
U61  Stg.^  master  and  servant;  rje-bldn  king 
and  minister;  rye  bi  lags  sir,  what  does 
that  mean?  Olr.;  also  a  title  before  names, 
esp.  names  of  kings,  jd-bo  rye  Dipanghdra 
Glr. ;  r^e-bdud  r^e-btsdn  the  gentlemen  devils 
and  the  gentlemen  goblins  (messieurs  les 
diables  et  messieurs  les  farfietdets);  tje 
dkonr-mbdg-la  ysdl-ba  ^ddbs-pa  MU.  is  in  fewt 
an  empty  phrase  in  the  mouth  of  a  Bud- 
dhist philosopher,  but  may  nevertheless 
be  used  in  Christian  language  for  addressing 
God  as  ^our  Lord\  —  2.  a  nobleman,  a 
person  of  rank,  ryeu(%)  rigSy  rje-rigs  =  rgyd- 
rigs  the  caste  of  nobility."— r^^-c^pe^  (Lear. 
irnJ)  *==  ^^9  master,  lord,  prince  Cs.;  rji- 
ma^  also  ydSs-ma  Cs.^  col.  ^ke-ma*,  a  lady 
of  rank,  r^e-  Hn  a  young  lady,  a  miss; 
ry^'Srds  a  young  gentleman;  also  a  term 
of  address  Cs.  —  rye-btsun  reverend  Sir,  a 
title  of  the  higher  priesthood,  r^e^tsun-ma 
fem.  —  ry^-sa  (or  id-sa)  bydd-pa  to  show 
deference,  to  pay  one's  respects;  ii-sai 
ytam^  or  id-sai  skad  courteous  words,  esp. 
ceremonial  and  complimentary  terms,  e.g. 
dbu  for  mgo  etc.  W,:  ^yd-sa  bd-hy  yd-ke 
pd-ra^. 

Jw-^  fje  -  ndr  the  lower  part  of  the  leg, 
the  Shank  (W.  *m^);  rkan-ldg f)e- 
ndr  the  lower  part  of  the  arms  and  the 
legs  Med. 

^IT  ''y^'bay  pf.  bfjesy  fut  brje^  imp.  hjes, 
W.  ^le-h^^  to  barter,  to  give  or  take 
in  exchange;  ^di-dag-gis  br)eo  it  may  be 
exchanged  for  these  Dzl.;  *zan  dan  srog 
i^-be*  W.  to  risk  one's  life  for  the  necessary 
food  (as  thieves  do);  fo^^-iyat  nor  articles 
of  barter;  in  a  more  general  sense:  to 
change,  to  shift,  mih  the  name,  gos  the 
clothes  Dzl.,  ynas  the  place,  ^  the  life, 
i.e.  to  die  Cs.  —  br)S('ba)'po  a  barterer  Cs. 
gw-q-  i^id-pay  p£  and  fut  hyed  1.  to 
'  honour,  reverence  c.  dat.,  mUddrbin 
br^dd-pa  id.  Dzl.;  brjid-pai  ^os  venerable 
Lex.  —  2.  to  forget,  frq.  (cf.  lus-pa);  bi^Ur 
du  oi^'pa  to  make  forget,  to  cause  to 
forget. 


52)Jo^J 


181 


g^  vyes 


forgetful,  oblivious;  (a.  gives  inst.  of  it: 
i^d-nei'tan^  but  also  thos  no  clear  etymo- 
logical explanation  is  obtained.  -  t^^ihi 
draught  of  oblivion,  of  Lethe  Cs.  —  ryed" 
bsnyM  (etymology?)  sgiig-pa  technical  term 
for  the  common  practice  of  Indian  servants 
to  hide  an  object  belonging  to  their  master 
in  some  obscure  comer,  and  after  waiting 
(jyiig^d)  for  some  months,  until  it  may 
be  assumed  that  the  thing  is  altogether 
forgotten  (JnyM-pa),  to  appropriate  it  to 
themselves.  —  tyM-fo  list  of  notes,  me- 
morandum-book, journal,  diary,  cash- 
book  etc.  Glr.y  C,y  W.  —  r^ed-rdd  prob. 
monumental  or  memorial  stone.  —  vjed- 
lydh  specifications  or  lists  of  goods,  pieces 
of  luggage  etc.  which  the  Tibetans  number 
and  mark  with  the  letters  of  the  alphabet. 
"—  Tjedrbyid  1.  a  demon  that  takes  away 
the  power  of  memory,  also  rjed^byid-kyi 
ydon,  2.  epilepsy  (urirtt)  ^^'  —  ^^' 
zd»  Cb.  :  Hhe  meat  of  forgetfulness'. 

K*^^  r^^n^ne-ba  v.  the  following  word. 
gV-q-  rj^n-pa  1.  not  covered,  bare,  naked, 

(-pa)  barefooted,  unshod;  iabs-iyen-par 
fdd'ba  or  yhigs-^a^  resp.,  to  be  barefooted, 
to  go  barefoot;  ydon  Ty&n-du  sddd-pa  to 
sit  with  unveiled  face,  mgo-iy^n^pa  with 
oncovered  head,  rgyaih-ryhi  with  a  naked 
back  Ci.;  lyhi-par  ^ddn-paC,  to  strip 
perfectly ;  e^Tnor-r^^  stark  naked  Sch. ;  rdUgri 
fjinrfa  a  naked  sword;  *iM-pa  ton*  W. 
give  it  (me)  not  wrapped  up!  aa-rjen  the 
bare  ground,  not  covered  with  a  carpet 
Gi.;  r)^ne^a  undisguised,  obvious  to  the 
understanding,  manifest  Mil.  —  2.  raw, 
not  roasted  or  cooked,  ha^en  raw  meat, 
dmar^ryin  red  raw  meat;  mar-rj&n  not 
melted  butter;  nas-r^hi  raw  barley,  not 
prepared  or  roasted;  also  the  meal  of  it: 
W.  *nar')Sn*  barley -flour,  cf.  Sch,:  bra- 
r)M  buckwheat- meal.  —  T^en-zasMed. 
{Cs.  also  r^en-rigs)  victuals  that  may  be 
eaten  raw.  —  3.  not  ripe,  unripe  W. 


^r  f^es  1.  trace,  track,  mark  left,  impression 
made  (on  the  ground) ,  pj/i-ryh  Med. 
prob.  id.;  mi-r)h  a  man's  track,  rta-r^h 
a  horse's  track  Glr.;  Hn-rtai  r)e8  the  track 
of  a  waggon  or  cart,  a  rut;  rkan-^hy  resp. 
labs^^^,  the  trace  of  one's  foot,  footprint, 
rkan-^h  byun  a  footprint  is  made;  rkan- 
^^  cJ^'P^  to  leave  a  footprint  behind 
MU.;  byas^rjh  proof  of  an  accomplished 
deed,  whether  it  be  the  work  itself  or 
some  indubitable  result  of  it;  loff^r)^^  resp. 
pyaff-ry^  impression  or  mark  left  of  one's 
hand,  hence  fig.:  action,  deed,  charitable 
institution,  pious  legacy,  whereby  a  person 
wishes  to  immortalize  his  name.  —  2.  the 
hind  part  of  a  thing  Sch.  (?)  —  3.  inrelation 
to  time:  that  which  follows,  the  conse- 
quence, the  course  or  progress  of  a  thing, 
the  last,  =»  n0uff.  —  4.  adv.  and  postp, 
inst.  of  r)^»su^  v.  below.  —  r^es  ybdd-pa 
1.  Sch.  to  destroy,  blot  out,  efface  a  track 
or  trace,  in  Med.  to  eradicate  the  trace 
of  a  disease,  to  cure  it  thoroughly,  2.  Sch.: 
to  separate,  disjoin  the  hind  part(?)  3.  W. 
*ltes  Md-be*  to  follow  a  trace  or  track,  to 
find  out  or  to  come  upon  the  track.  — 
ryes  dzin-pa  to  'seize'  the  track,  to  over- 
take Crlr.,  also  to  be  able  to  follow  the 
track,  rd-ma  Uyui  lyes  mi  zin-pa  a  goat 
that  cannot  follow  the  flock  Mil.  —  ry^- 
loy  r)S8''8Uy  ryes^  adv.  and  postp.,  afterwards, 
hereafter,  for  the  future,  lat^r;  after,  be- 
hind, d^  T^ds^ltty  de-fyh  after  that,  after- 
wards, later  Mil.;  di-dag  ^dds-^ai  Ty^-su 
after  these  were  gone  Glr.;  bhag-f^is  po. 
=  bidg-pai  ^dg-tu  Lt;  nai  t^^-m  after  my 
death,  r^h^su  in  conjunction  with  verbs 
corresponds  to  the  Ssk.  ^  and  is  often 
not  to  be  translated,  or  serves  only  to  give 
additional  force  to  some  other  word  or  ex- 
pression: ry^su  ^rd'ba^  Jbrdn^ba  to  go 
after,  to  follow,  to  come  after;  also  fig.: 
spyddrpa  fams-bdd  ya^dbs-kyi  r)^su  Jbrdn- 
ba  to  imitate  the  nobility,  the  free-bom, 
in  their  whole  demeanour  Glr.;  U4o  dan 
9py6drpa  ndn-pai  f^is'-w,  ^6-ba  to  imitate 
idleness  and  wickedness,  or  idle  and  wicked 


Ui 


|fr  r^es 


g 


FT^ 


^dn^Ku 


people  Ld.'Glr, ;  ddb-dpon-gyi  T^is-m  br^dd- 
de  saying  after  the  teacher  Thgy,  —  rjh- 
9u  Jbdn-pa  to  Peceive  Pth. :  kdl-por  ijh-su 
bzfkn-nas  Ito^dskyis  bskydn-du  ysol  pray 
take  me  (the  orphan)  into  your  service, 
and  provide  mc  with  food  and  clotHes ;  to 
receive  as  a  disciple  or  follower  =  ^ed-du 
^dzvnrfa  frq.;  to  draw  after  (after  death) 
Mil, ;  to  assist,  ^di  ryes-su  zu/i  iig  do  take 
care  of,  or  provide  for  this  man  (as  a 
future  CO  -  disciple)  Mil. ;  finally  with  re- 
spect to  charms  and  spells:  to  commit  to 
memory  or  keep  in  memory  ni  f.  —  T^is- 
su  Jug-pa  1.  vb.  a.  to  add,  affix,  2.  vb.  n. 
to  follow,  bdag  dan  hddg-gi  ij^-m  Jug- 
pai  ddb-ma-mams  I  and  the  disciples  that 
follow  me  MiL\  in  a  similar  sense:  mi-la 
T^^su  Mb-pa  to  follow  another  as  a  dis- 
ciple Dzl  :?«^,  3  (7«^5,  7  seems  to  be  a 
corrupt  reading).  Also  in  the  following 
phrases  rjes^su  may  be  understood  in  the 
sense  of:  afterwards,  subsequently:  lySs-su 
drdn^pa  to  remember,  recollect,  keep  in 
mind^  fyis-su  drdn-par  by^d-pa  to  bring  to 
one's  remembrance,  to  remind  Pth.;  r^^s- 
su  ^ddrpa  to  repent  6«. ;  pleon.  or  without 
any  obvious  meaning  in:  ry^-su  mfkn-pa 
Thgy.  to  agree,  to  accord,  rjis-m  my  id- 
pa  Stg.  to  find,  rjSs'Su  dpdg-pa  to  weigh, 
to  ponder  C«.,  rjh-m  snyin-brtsi-ba  Thgy. 
to  pity,  rjiS'Su  bstdn-pa  Tar.  to  instruct, 
and  thus  in  similar  expressions,  esp.  in 
one  of  frq.  occurrence  in  legends:  iyh-9u 
yi^dif'ba,  resp.  rjis-su  fugs  -  ran  -  ba  (Sch. 
erron.  fugs  -  pa!)  to  rejoice,  to  enjoy,  for 
which  sometimes  also  ryis-su  pydgs-pa  is 
used,  e.g.  dbyi^bd-mamS'la  rjis-su  yi^dn- 
ba  to  rejoice  at  people  disagreeing,  to  enjoy 
dissensions  and  jarrings  Stg. 

Comp:  rjes'skyis  (yi^)  oora  later; 
younger  brother.  —  ryes-griib-kyi  min  by- 
name, surname  Cs.  —  ryes-Jitg  \.  following, 
coming  after,  pyi-rdbs  rjes-jtig  foTtw-ddd 
all  the  following  generations  Pth.  2.  final 
consonant  —  rjes-fdg  prob.  the  same  as 
tyis  -  la  \^dn.  —  ryes  -  fdb  Mil.  is  said  to 
denote  short  interruptions  of  meditation 
by  taking  food,  but  no  more  than  is  ab- 


solutely necessary  for  the  preservation  of 
life.  —  ryes-dpdg  1 .  consideration,  dehb^- 
ation.  2.  Was.  (297)  a  syllogism  consisting 
of  three  propositions.  —  ryes-ma  =  rje$  2 
hinder  part  Cs.  —  ryes-mid  without  leaving 
any  traces,  trackless,  oP9'P^  ^  destroy 
thoroughly  Gh*. 

E^^'  r}is-^a  V.  r)i-ba. 

gr-n'  'fy(^drpa  pf.  and  fut.  bryody  to  say, 
'  pronounce,  utter,  e.g.  a  charm  or 
magic  formula;  ne  mih  hdd-da  ra^  W. 
I  hear  my  name  mentioned;  sans-rgyds- 
hyi  mfsdn-nas  to  pronounce  or  invoke  the 
name  of  Buddha  Dd.;  to  propound,  pro- 
mulgate, dos  a  religious  doctrine;  to  enu- 
merate, set  forth,  Ugs-pa  or  nyes^pa  the 
good  or  bad  qualities,  actions  etc.,  ydn^tm 
the  excellence  or  superiority  of  a  person 
Dzl.  and  elsewh.;  to  treat  of  a  subject  in 
writing:  Ihdg-pa-mams  ni  ^dir  brjdd-bya 
we  have  now  to  treat  of  the  rest  Zam.\ 
an  author  even  says  zes  briod-de  with 
regard  to  his  ovm  words  (after  a  bombastic 
poet\cal.exordium,  Jike^ho  'dixi',  of  Roman 
orators)  Glr  ;  rjdd-^  mid-pa  unspeakable, 
inexpressible,  ineflFable,  r)6d-du  med-cin 
dpdg-tu  mid- pa  id.  Dzl.\  bryod(-kyis)  rm 
Idn-ba  (or  Un-ba)  id.;  also  vb.:  to  be  in- 
expressible or  inexhaustible,  frq.;  re-rn 
min-nas  rjod  mi  Ian  one  cannot  mention 
or  enumerate  them  all  Mil.;  don  mdzdd-fa 
rjod  mi  Idh-ho  his  utility  is  beyond  de- 
scription Dzl.\  rydd-kyis  mi  Idn-bai  pyif 
mi  bkod  I  do  not  write  it  down,  because 
it  is  impossible  to  relate  every  thing  Jtil. 
(v.  brjod). 

r^^  Ijags,  resp.  for  Ice,  tongue,  Ijdgs-kyis 
^  '  cab  ^ddr -ba  to  spit,  to  spit  out; 
Ijags-Mb  spittle,  saliva;  lyags-dbugs  breath. 
Qjr'^  Ijdn-mo  p.  n.  of  a  district  1.  in  U, 
S  2.  in  Kams. 

Fm-  Ijdn-Uu,  or  lydn-gu  Lt ,  W.,  greOfl 
1^  (gen.  expressed  by  n6n-po,  notwith- 
standing the  ambiguity),  lyan-skyd  greenish 
white,  Ijah-ndg  greenish  black,  dark  green. 
—  Ijdn-pa  green  com,  in  the  first  stage 
of  its  growth  (in  the   second  stage  it  is 


'SC'^C  Ijan-dun 


^1^'  br^od 


18^ 


called  s6g-ma^  in  the  third  sny^'md).  — 
lo-ljdn-ba  having  a  green  blade.  —  Ijdh-bu 
greenness,  verdure  (grass,  foliage,  shrubs), 
Lex.i  ^nW —  (/a/i-dmar  greenish  red;  Ijah- 
9&r  greenish  yellow. 

aC'^C  (^^^"^^  (spelling?),  solid,  not 
E    -4     hollow,  W. 

f&:%&:  /iat^(;^  filth,  dirt,  dust,  sweepings; 
^  E  ^  bkdrpa  Ijan-ljin  man  a  great  deal 
of  fool  mucous  expectoration  Lt 
mo'  &^b  ^'  ^^t,  plain,  even;  Hjab-lj^b- 
E  ba  bor*  lay  or  put  it  down  flat;  ^IjcJ) 
ed-te  dug*  sit  down  flat  (on  the  ground)! 
q-  ^i-ba,  1.  a  flea  (Ji-bd).  —  2.  heavy, 
weighty. 

fr-q-  l)idrpa,  heaviness,  weight,  yser  dan 
'  Ijid-pa  mnydm-pa  dgos  it  must  be 
weighed  up  with  gold  Glr.;  de  dan  Ijid 
mnydmpa  of  equal  weight,  equal  in  weight 
Med.;  Ijid'ban^  Ijidrlddn  heavy;  l/id-c^-ba 
very  heavy;  Ijid-m^d  light,  not  heavy; 
bis  tams-cdd'hyi  l)id  pab  he  sat  down 
with  the  whole  weight  of  his  body  Cs,; 
Ijid-b/is  ndn-pa  pressing  down  by  hisrtts) 
weight.    ^»^  o  ^^  y^alrUy^  f  ^^  *-  ^^  *  %\ 

trzv  O^'paCs.  to  enter,  to  penetrate, 
'  bU-la  one's  mind,  =  to  be  perceived, 
understood ;  fson-ljiri  a  die  or  colour  pene- 
trating and  remaining  fixed  in  cloth  etc. 
Cf.  i^n-pa. 

^^  Oo^^  A  1^9^  valley,  principal  or  main 
^  valley;  region,  district,  province  DzL] 
Vjohi  dan  yul'Ji&r  countries  and  provinces; 
J^ohs  Ifirirpo  a  large  country;  Kd-ba-^ban- 
gyi  Ijons  ^dt^  gdnS'Can(-^yi)  Ijons  Tibet, 
frq.;  ndgs-Qons  woody  country;  midn-ljons 
a  country  of  medicinal  herbs  Zam. ;  mu- 
gei  Qons  a  very  poor  country,  starving 
country  MU.;  IjdnS'la  in  the  valley,  in  the 
plain;  Ijdns-mi-mams  country-people  6«.  — 
Qons(^8u)  rgyu'ba  to  rove  about,  Ijons 
sgtfur^a  the  end  of  the  estival  fast  of  the 


monks  (about  the  end  of  August),  when 
they  are  permitted  to  rove  about  the  whole 
district  of  their  monastery. 
^Vq-  lj6n-pa  a  country  of  gods,  paradise; 
S  '  ^on-Mn  a  tree  from  paradise,  or 
any  large  and  beautiful  tree;  Ij&nrpai  nags 
a  beautiful  forest. 

fllfc'  ^^  Tar.  11, 14,  but  more  frq.  yzi- 
^  brjid,  brightness,  splendour,  lustre,  gen. 
of  gods  and  saints,  v.  yzi"^  also  dpal-br)td 
Lex. ;  bryidrpa  to  shine,  glisten,  glitter  Cs., 
brjid'kgis  bryid  shining  with  brightness 
Lea. 

n^'if  bry^'bo  a  making  up,  a  compen- 
sation by  barter,  btji-bo  byid-pa 
Glr.y  *bfj^bo  gydb'be*  W.^  to  give  an  equal 
measure  in  bartering,  e.g.  of  salt  for  barley. 
q|^'  ^^^^  (cf*  fydd'pa)  sound;  talking; 
'  speech,  bryod  bdA'ba  euphony;  also 
well-sounding,  agreeable  speech ;.fo;^od 7m 
bdA-ba  the  contrary;  also:  *dha  jo  mide* 
C.  it  is  not  meet  now  to  speak  about  it; 
bfydd'pa  speech,  utterance;  mnon-brydd 
synonymy,  explanation  of  words;  Cs.  also: 
'a  poetical  term';  miod-brjdd  praise,  eulogy, 
Sch.:  invocationof  a  deity;  ce'brj6dSchr.(^\ 
and  ^M-du  brjdd-pa^  Tar.  140,2  acc«  to 
Schf. :  preface,  introduction,  in  C. :  to  ap- 
prove, sanction,  commend,  TFoa.  (270)  in 
the  title  of  a  book:  «  -^^^^  ^  w.e. 

Comp.  brjdd-bya  sbst.,  Zam.  also  brjdd^ 
pa,  =  '^rnif  ^^  attribute,  predicate  Lea.  — 
bryod-med  1.  a  speech  not  earnestly  meant, 
empty  words,  mere  talk.  2.  Mil:  the  un- 
speakable, vhe  transcendental,  identified 
by  some  with  the  Nirvana,  by  others  not. 
—  brjod-^ddd  Tar.  210,  7:  bryodn^dod-Uam 
ace.  to  Schf. :  'a  mere  supposition' ;  but  in 
a  passage  in  Mil.  it  seems  to  denote  the 
(conceited)  hibit  of  constantly  proposing 
one's  own  opinion,  and  so  it  might  also 
be  understood  in  Tar, 


*<^< 


'n' 


^^-^\ 


^\^^->^ 


! 


a<^  •^<^  '^  '^'^N*  ^<'^'T^  1 ' )  vM^  27  / 


ra 


a-^VM-c. 


184 


V  nya 


1ff\nyag 


") 


A-  nya,  I.  the  letter  ny,  double-consonant, 
^  distinctly  pronounced  like  »  +  y  (Ssk, 
i^),  and  used  only  as  initial  letter;  there- 
fore diflPering  in  its  nature  and  soand  from 
the  S%k.  ^,  though  representing  it  in  Sans- 
krit words. 

II.  symb.  num.  for  eight. 

III.  fish  (i??^),  nya  Jtzin-pa^  W,  *nya 
zum-ce^y  nya  Jc&r-ba  (or  biar^ba)  DzL^  nya 
Unrpa  (bldn-ba)  Pth,  to  catch  fish;  ^ddw- 
nya  Ld.^  an  eel  Cs  ;  rgydlrpca  ysdl-nya  the 
king's  table  fish  Pth. 

IV.  also  nyd'CU  (cf.  cu-ba).  I.  tendon, 
sinew;  W.:  ^Mh-pe  nya  did  «o/i*  my  foot 
is  asleep.  —  2.  coL  mark,  left  by  a  blow, 
a  weal,  *nya  Ums^  the  blow  has  left  a 
weal  W. 

V.  1 .  the  fifteenth  day  of  a  lunar  month, 
the  day  of  the  full  moon.  —  2.  =  f^es  ni 
f.:  zld'bai  nya  dritg-la  on  the  sixth  day 
of  the  month  Mil. 

VI.  nya  Sck  1.  lock(?)  —  2.  muscle 
Med.^  nyor-b^d  the  four  principal  muscles, 
viz.  those  of  the  arms  and  the  calves  of 
the  leg,  V.  also  the  compounds. 

VII.  *nya  idd-ce*  W.  to  arrive  sooner 
by  a  short  cut;.ct.  also  ^fadrnya"^, 

Comp.  nya-rkydl  the  bladder  of  a  fish 
Cs,  —  nya-skyogs  gills.  —  nyor^hrd  sea-eagle, 
white -tailed  eagle  Sch.  —  nya-Urdb-can 
carp  Sch.  —  nya-Hrab'^^  sturgeon  Sch.  — 
nya-lir&m  fish-market  —  nya-gdn  1.  full 
of  fish  Sch.  2.  full  moon  Cs.  —  nya-grdy 
nyai  yrd-ma  small  fish-bones.  —  nya-^ytir 
=  nyorlog  2  S.g.^  C.  —  nya-rgyd  fishing- 
net.  —  nya-rgydb  C,  earth  heaped  up  (like 
the  back  of  a  fish)  on  the  top  of  outer 
walls  to  prevent  the  entering  of  the  wet. 
—  nya-rgyds  {zld-ba)  full  moon  Pt;h.  — 
nya-sgon  fish-spawn,  roe  of  fish.  —  nya- 
Uiba  fish-gills  Cs.;  mother  of  pearl  Schr.  — 
nya-  ^  tendon ,  sinew;  perh.  also  a  large 


nerve  in  the  nape  of  the  neck.  —  nya-ddl 
fishing-net;  ^nyorddJrpa*  fisherman  W.  — 
nyd-dds  a  load  of  fish  Sch.  —  nya4dir  'a 
muscle'  Sch.  —  nyd-pa  fisherman  Cs.  — 
nya-pyis  (Cs.:  fish-gills)  mother  of  pearl 
S.g.  and  col  —  nya-mid  Sch.:  a  sea-mon- 
ster (this  word  seems  not  to  be  generally 
known).  —  nyd-mo  a  (female?)  fish  JUU. 

—  ^nya-tsiJ^  bow -net,  kiddle  W.  *nya'' 
tsdg  C.  id.  —  nya-tsU  the  fat  of  a  fish.  — 
nyor-tser  fish-bones  Sch.  —  nya-fsdh-pa  fish- 
monger. —  nya-Jtzm  Cs.y  ^nya-kug^  W., 
angle,  fishing-hook.  —  nya-zdn  a  fish-eater, 
one  feeding  on  fish  Cs.  —  nya-rus  fish- 
bone Cs.  —  nya-Ug  1.  Cs.:  'a  contraction 
or  sinking  of  the  sinews'.  2.  Sik.:  cholera 

(Urd.  tjta^)  —  3.  Med.^  also  nya^lhdg^  a 
name  for  a  disease.  —  nyd-ha  1.  flesh  of 
fish  2.  W.\  meat  cut  into  long  narrow 
strips  and  dried  in  the  sun,  in  C.  ^hor-bcug*. 

—  nyoryhdg  the  fin  of  a  fish  Cs.  —  nya- 
sdg  fish-scale.  —  nya-sdg  prob.  the  back- 
bone with  the  bones  attached  to  it,  re- 
sembling a  saw. 

9*^9   ?F\  ^y^'^^->  '^y^y  *  steel-yard. 

V^nyd-bo  body,  figure  Sch. 

yaa*  nyd-^ma  (Sch. :  ^mistress  of  the  house, 
^  housewife?)  hearer  of  a  Lama,  with- 
out being  a  regular  disciple  Mil.  frq.;  nyd- 
ma  pd-mo-mams  Mil.  (cog.  to  nydn-paf) 
A-x'  nyd-ra  care,  ryd-ra  byM-pa  Sch.y  ^nyd- 
^  ra  dd-ce*  TT.,  to  take  care  of,  to  pro- 
vide for  a  person,  to  keep  a  thing  well; 
*nyar  go*  C.  for  nyd-ra  byed  dgos;  cf. 
yny^-Ma. 

y;cS^^'  nya-ra-nycHr^  weak,  feeble,  frail, 
^     ^        e.g.  of  a  worm  Thgy. 
Aqi-  nyag  1.  v.  nyd-ga.  —  2.  v.  nydg-ma. 
^  '  —  3.  also  nydg-ga,  nyag-Krdm^  notch, 
indenture,  l6-ma  prd-la  nydg-ga-can  having 


r\^ 


185 


nyag-mfig 


^(^)-  nyam(5) 


moltifid  leaves,  like  those  of  caraway  Wdn. ; 
wfdg-ga  mMrpa  not  deft,  not  indented.  — 
4.  of  wool,  nydg-tu  ^drin^a  to  draw  out 
into  threads,  to  spin  MU. 
orn^br  ^y«jf-«yi^  ti.,  Sch.  also  nyag-nydg 
^'/  '  fiKh,  diit 

Wrwr  ^y^"*^^  ^*^'  "=  snor-fyogs  (?),  of 
'^^  '^  '  rare  occurrence. 
Aqinqi  nyag-tdg  thread;  chain,  of  gold  M^., 
/^'  'of  iron  ilfiZ.;  cord  for  stringing 
tarkoises  MiL;  a  cable  iScAr. 
^^^.  nyag-mfil  scale  of  a  steel-yard, 
^'  vyag-Tdd  weight  of  a  steel-yard, 

tmcz^^  nyag-'prdn  a  small  beam,  a  pole 
^  '^  '  Cs.;  an  arrow;  nyag-pran-mdd  ar- 
row Jlft/. 

MTS^'  ^y^g-^f^^  ftlso  nyoff-rSy  single;  nyo^ 
''^  '  ydtg  1.  id.,  s^o,  or  spu  nyag{-ma) 
ycig  a  single  hair,  frq.;  skrd-yi  nydg-ma 
id.  (a  man  has  21  000  of  them  Med,)  — 
2.  a  minimum  MU.  —  3.  iScA.  also:  bache- 
lor, old  voluntary  bachelor.  —  sam-rgyas- 
nyag-ybig  Thgy.^  Pih.^  only  Buddha,  or 
nothing  less  than  fiuddha. 

^3f  nydg-mo  Lea.  w.e.;  woman  Sch. 


cm*- 


^^'  nydg-Hh  beam  of  a  steel-yard. 

oTTyr     'jkC'^j'  nydh'ka^  nydn-ge  Sp. 
^  »'   ^    '  rant,  Ribes. 

"^S^nydn-ti  Pur.  thy,  your(?). 

7f3rsr  "nydn-pa  (nydn^tOy  nydn-tam)^  imp. 
^  nyon  1 .  (also,  though  seldom,  mnydn- 
pa)  c.  dat.  or  accus.  to  hear,  to  give  ear 
to,  to  listen  (cf.  fo^^a) ;  sUb^poh-gyi  fdd- 
du  io8  nydn-pa  to  attend  to  the  religious 
instruction  of  the  teacher;  nag  or  fsignydn- 
pa  DzLy  Hd  -  ia,  or  resp.  zdl  -  io,  or  bka- 
nydn-pa  to  obey,  to  yield ;  nas  ji-Uar  z^ 
pai  Md'la  nydn^na  Glr.^  na  zer  nydn-na 
MiL  if  you  listen  to  my  word;  Tar.  14, 
14;  17, 16  c.c.  Jm.  —  2.  to  listen  secretly, 
to  be  an  eaves-dropper,  ^pag-ny^n  )h^-pa^ 
^"i  V*^^?"^^^  ed-ce^  tdaa-^e*  W.,  id.;  nydn- 
mHan  col.  nydnQ-pa) -po^  fern.  nyan(jpa) 
-^mo^  B.y  a  hearer,  auditor;  nyan-fds  id.; 
but  esp.  of  the  personal  disciples  of  Bud- 


dha, the  Sravakas,  Kopp.  I,  419;  Bum. 
L,  296;  nyan-fds  bbu-dHtg  the  sixteen 
yna;&'brtdn  q.v. ;  nyan-fds-Tna  a  female 
hearer ;  Ha-la  nydnrpo^  nydnr-mkan  obedient, 
Ud-la  mi  nydn-po  disobedient  —  3.  to  be 
able,  later  jB.,  and  col.,  gen.  with  a  nega- 
tive: ^rd  ma  nydnrpas  not  being  able  to 
walk  (on  account  of  illness)  Ji/i7.;  also  like 
ma  btdb-pa  not  being  willing;  without  a 
negative:  *nydn  yin*  TT.  yes,  I  shall  be 
able;  inst  of  run^ba:  *za-nydn  ydd-na 
Myon*  W.y  bring  it  me,  if  it  is  still  eatable. 
ajr  nyam^  also  nyam-Ug^  nyam^ds  cricket, 
^  locust  Sik. 

WC^'  »yaw(«),  resp.  fugs,  fugS'nydm{s) 
/  ^  ^  1.  soul,  mind,  ?^aw«-%i  ^0^8  com- 
panions of  the  soul,  Yiz.  the  murmuring 
springs  and  rivulets  in  the  solitude  of  al- 
pine regions  Mil.\  nydms-kyi  ian  the  soul's 
wine,  i.e.  religious  knowledge  Jlft/.;  nyams 
dgd-ba  1.  well  being,  comfort,  cheerfulness, 
nyam»  mi-^d-ba  an  unhappy  state,  dis-  ^ 

comfort,  nyams 'dgd  glk-ru  blons  sing  a^c<N<i  'Mi^ 
song  of  joy!  MU.  2.  gen.  adj.:  agreeable,iAAX7y  < 
delightful,  charming,  nydm>s  -  dga  -  bai  sa-  ' 

ynds  a  charming  country  Glr..  —  2.  thought, 
nyams  skye  or  ^ar  a  thought  rises.  —  3. 
sfrength,  magnitude,  height,  state,  manner, 
nyams-(kyt)  fsdd  by  id -pa  Pth.  (also  with 
bbdd'pa  or  Un-pa  C.)  to  try,  to  put  to 
the  test,  e.g.  one's  strength;  fugs-ddm-gyi 
nyams  sddrpa  to  try  the  degree  of  a  per- 
son's devotion  or  spiritual  progress  Mil.; 
smra-nydmSy  byed-nydms  manner,  —  and 
particularly  a  pleasing,  agreeable  manner, 
—  of  speaking  or  dealing. 

Other  phrases  are:  nydms-su  Urirpa  to 
take  to  heart,  to  interest  one's  self  in  or 
for  a  thing  DzL,  to  commit  to  memory, 
to  learn  (v.  below);  nydyns-su  mydn-bduy  c  t>.  •<  , 
sufiFer,  undergo,  experience  DzL;  nyams 
nd-ba  v.  the  compounds;  nyarns  bhdd-pa 
C.  to  try,  to  examine;  nyams  Jbtii-ba  C. 
to  irritate,  provoke,  vex;  nyams  mydn-ba 
=^  nydms-su  mydn-ba;  nyams  bzdg-pa  is 
said  to  be  «=  drdn-pa  nye-bar  bidg-pa,  v. 
nyi-ba;  nyams  Un-pa  I.  =  nydms-su  Un^ 
pa,  V.  above,   2.  col.  to  measure  out,  to 

12* 


186 


^(*iy  mf<m(f) 


take  the  measure,  die  dimensions  of,  to 
survey,  sa  land,  nor  the  property,  to  take 
an  inventory,  to  ascertain  or  compate  the 
state  of  one's  property,  3.  C.  =  the  follow- 
ing; nyams  sddr-pa  ccg.  1.  to  try,  to  test, 
byid-dam  mi  byed  whether  he  will  do  H 
or  not  Mil,,  to  tempt,  tug^-Mm-gyi  nya/rm 
mdrfa  V.  above.  2.  to  mock,  scoff,  trouble 
maliciously,  provoke,  irritate*  6'. 

Comp.  nyam^-dgu  v.  nyams-fabs,  — 
nyams-rgyitd  Mil.  =  nyams,  nyam^^^gyfudr 
la  sbydnS'pa,  intellectually  skilled,  well 
versed.  —  nyams-nd  anxiety,  fear,  dread^ 
of  a  thing,  with  the  dat.  or  instr.  MiL\ 
nyamd^d'las  fdr^a  to  be  delivered  from 
anxiety  8.g, ;  nyaim-nd-ba  vb.  to  be  alarm- 
ed, to  be  in  great  anxiety  Sch.;  adj.  dread- 
ful, horrible,  ncys^Ml  nyams-^a-ia  a  bor^ 
rible  forest  DzL  —  nyami'iidg  is  said  to 
be  used  resp.  or  euphem.  tor  skyon,  e.g. 
for  damage  done  to  an  image  of  a  god  by 
water  C;  nyams-^dgs  sin  Schr,;  in  I%r. 
it  seems  to  be  used  in  this  sense.  -^  nydms- 
Mn  1.  faint,  weaic,  Tanguid,  exhausted,  by 
hunger,  illness  etc.  DzL;  poor  in  learning, 
destitute  of  knowledge,  ignorant  W,;  des- 
titute of  money,  destitute  of  virtue  C  2.  W 
col.  for  snyems'ciin,  —  nyams^rtdgs  resp. 
knowledge,  cognition,  pereeption,  nyams-^'tdffs 
hg  yod^  nyams^rtdgs  bzdn-^  skye  or  Jcrwiis^ 
a  perception,  a  good  thought  arises  (in  my 
mind);  in  a  general  sense:  nyams^rtdgs-kyi 
mfar  pyin-fa  to  obtain  perfect  knowledge 
Mil,^  frq.  —  nyams-stdbs  strength,  zin  is 
gone  Med,  —  nyams-ston-ysdl  v.  ysdl-po. 

—  nyams'brtds  byed-pa  strengthening,  resto- 
rative, nourishing  Med.^  (but  nyams-Wtas 
he  recovered,  grew  well,  got  up  again  Dzl) 

—  nyams'tdg-pa  sulfering,  tormented,  ex- 
hausted DzL;  nuams^fag-pai  skad  or  sgra 
lamentation,  doleful  cries.  —  nyams-tdbs, 
nyams-dgii  Sch. :  'appearance,  colour,  figure, 
state'  (?).  —  nycprns-mydn  Tar,  enjoyment, 
delight,  nyama^mydn  ma  skyes  run,  although 
I  had  no  real  enjoyment  of  it  Mil,nt,;  ts&r- 
bai  nyam^-mydn  prob.  perception  by  the 
senses,  knowledge  acquired  through  the 
medium  of  the  senses  Mil,  —  nyams-rtsdl 


7^^  nydUha 

Dzl  yy^  7  skill.  —  nyams-mtBdr-ba  C. 
wonderful,  most  beautiful.  —  nyams^Un  n 
memorial  verse,  a  rhyme  or  verse  serving 
to  retain  things  in  memory  MU. 
Ml^n'  nydms-pa  injured,  hurt,  e.g^  by  a 
^  fall  DzL;  of  lifeless  things:  spoil- 

ed, danu^od  C;  impaired,  imperfect,  stoU- 
nyams,  dbdh-po  nydms-^ay  ydn-lag  nyams 
Lea.  (as  explanation  oizd-bo);  rnnra^nydxM 
(the  sick  person)  speaks  little  Med.\  ^^em- 
nydm  soh-Uan*  W.  discouraged,  disheart- 
ened; esp.  relative  to  a  violation  of  daty,, 
failing  in,  tstd-Hrima  (or  tsul-las)  nydms" 
pas  because  he  has  failed  in,  acted  against 
the  moral  law  Dzl,;  bzdd-pa  ny  dins -par 
^ytir-bas  because  their  patience  failed  DzL; 
also  stained  Glr.,  e.g.  I^rdg^gis  with  blood; 
nydms-par  byid-pa  Wdn.\  nydms^su  ^ug- 
pa  Glr.  to  spoil,  deteriorate,  destroy;  ma 
nydms-pa  entire,  complete,  untouched,  un- 
corrupted.  4lf><*^SV4g^  ^^^  j^Y"^ 
AX'  ^y^^  !•  V.  nya-ra.  —  2.  Cs.,  also  nyar- 
^      nydr^  Oblong. 

^.^j^.  nydr-yd6h  W.  inst.  of  har-fdony 
^  ^     shin,  shin-bone. 

nyalrnyii,  or  nyal^ydl  filth,  dirt, 
foul  matter,  loo^e  and  dry  dirt 
that  may  be  removed  by  sweeping  Pth.y 
Dzl. 

aQi*n'  ^ydl-buj  imp.  nyoly  1.  to  lie  down, 
^  e.g.  before  a  tigress  DzL;  to  lie 

down,  to  sleep,  nyal^'du)  son  (he)  went  to 
bed  Glr.;  rgyorsrdn^a  nyal  ^ditg-go  (he) 
slept  in  the  street  Glr.\  mi  nycd  isdm-la 
when  people  go  to  bed,  at  curfew  MiL; 
rta  nyal  byH-pa  to  make  a  horse  Ue  down 
Glr.;  rarely  of  things:  rfet?a  nyal  the  grass 
is  laid-down  (by  the  wind  or  rain)  DzL'^ 
ra  ^og  nydl-bai  nya  so  Zam.  calls  the  let- 
ter mya\  fig.  to  rest,  bd^-bar  nydl-du  m^d- 
do  (he)  had  no  rest,  viz.  from  envy  DzL 
yy&y  12.  —  2.  with  dan  or  ia,  to  lie  with 
(a  woman)  DzL  and  elsewh.  —  3.  fig.  to 
dwell,  to  Ihfe  Mil. 

Comp.  nyal'M  couch,  bed,  sofa  C.  — 
nyal-gds  counterpane,  quilt,  blanket  Sch.  — 
nydl'po  coition,  nydl^  byid^pa  to  practise 
cohabitation,  mdn-du  immoderately  Med.  — 


*^^' 


^•^' 


r 


nyt 


J 


f^-n^ 


187 


f 
f 


nydl-bu  liastarcl,  whoreson  Ma,  —  nydl^a 

sleeping-place. 

S^  nyt  1.  nram.  fig.:  88.  —  2.  nun%  inst. 

^  of  ynyis  in  compounds,  nyi-brgyd^  -stdn, 

'Uri  etc.,  nyi-Kti  also  title  of  a  book,  the 

Prajnu  Paramita,  containing  28  000  Sloka. 

—  3.  for  nyi-ma,  • 

fpK'  nxfi-Kud  a  lake  in  Nepal  Pth. 

w  nyi-ma  (Bed.  *nyd-wa*,  1.  the  SUn, 
J^r  becomes  visible,  rises;  ^ar  id., 
also:  has  risen,  shines;  nub,  rgas,  W.  also 
*Bkyody  hud*y  sets,  is  setting;  nyt-ma  rvub 
Ue  bar  (for  fsA  bdr-du)  until  sun-set  Sch,; 
nyirmod  ynyen  akin  to  the  sun,  the  Sakya 
race  6i. ;  *da  nyi^ma  rin-mo*  W.  now  the 
son  stands  already  high  in  the  heavens; 
^ntfi-ma^ah'kdf^  sun -flower,  Helianthus. 

—  2,  day,  «  nyinr-mOy  opp.  to  night,  frq.; 
*mfi^ma'^^  W.  the  whole  day,  all  day 
long;  ^nyi-morpi^  W,  noon,  mid-d&y;  nyir 
ma  yUg  one  day,  once  Dzlr.  nyi-morre-rSr 
daily. 

Comp.  mfi-dkyil  disk  of  the  sun  8ch.  — 
nyi^gim^  nyi~mai  gwn  noon,  mid -day; 
meridian  (?)  Cs,  —  nyi-dgd  seems  to  be 
the  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb  Med,  —  nyi- 
rgd»  sun-set  —  nyi4d6g  the  solstice,  dgitn- 
nyi^ldog  winter  solstice,  dJbydr  -  nyi  -  Idog 
sammer  solstice  Wdk,  —  nyi-niib  =  nyi- 
rgd».  —  nyirf^  l.Sch.:  the  time  or  duration 
of  one. day.  2.  Leo!,:  «=  jf^lt  direction, 
place,  country (?);  nyi-fsi  spydd-pa  Lea,: 
a  kind  of  ascetic;  nyi^tsi-ba  Sch.:  ephe- 
meral; single,  simple;  Thgy,\  n.  of  a  class 
of  infernal  beings.  —  m/i-tsdd  sun-dial, 
nyi-fydd'h/i  kdr-lo  the  circle  of  a  sun- 
dial Cs.  —  nyi-Jbski  eclipse  of  the  sun  f cf. 
sgra-yMn).  —  nyi-z^  sun -beam,  nyi-zh 
rtd'la  zdn-ruis  riding  on  a  sun-beam  MU. 
and  elsewh.;  nyi-zir-gyi  rdiU  a  mote 
floating  in  a  sun-beam.  —  nyi-zld  sun  and 
moon;  also  the  figures  of  sun  and  moon 
connected,  crowning  the  top  of  the  m^od- 
rthi;  nyi'Zld  bsdad  mi  on  sun  and  moon 
will  not  stand  still  Mil.  —  nyi-^dg  below 
the  sun;  the  earth  Was.  (49);  nyi-^dg-gi 
rgyaUUams  Glr,  id.;  it  seems,  however,  to 


denote  a  certain  country,  ace.  to  Mahavyut- 
patti  the  same  as  Aparantaka,  Williams: 
the  western  country ;  cf.  Schf,  on  Tor.  ^, 

—  nyi-^od  sun-shine.  —  nyi^dl  any  screen 
or  shelter  from  the  sun's  rays:  awning, 
curtain,  parasol,  pent-house  Sch.;  ^nyi-rib* 
(prop,  sgrib)  W.  id.,  umbrella.  —  nyi^dr 
sun-rise  Cs.  —  nyi-UtaaSch,  a  cold  day(?) 

—  Cf.  nytn-Tno,  ^.*'7?ot«t4f  ^i^t*'^^*^ 
^jr  nyi-hu  (inst.  of  nyis-cu),  often  in  con- 
"^  ^  junction  with  fdm-pa^  twenty,  nyi' 
ku-^rtsa-ytig  jB,,  C,  ^nyi-hir^yer-ybig^  W., 
nyer-ydig^  twentyone. 

^^^  ^    tight  or  tense. 

St'ra*  nyin-Ku^  Ssk.  m^  Cs,:  ^heart,  spirit, 

^    '>^  essence',  cf.  snyin-po, 

S^-S^  nyin-to  Sch. :  sure,  trustworthy,  Lea. : 

^     '     nyih-tor  =  nes'par, 

^.Q_,  nyih'lag^  a  category  not  familiar 

^  '    to  us;    gen.   mentioned  together 

with  ydn-lag^  it  might  be  translated  by: 

members  of  a  second  order,  parts  of  the 

ydn-lag^  the  exact  meaning  must  however 

remain    undetermined,    as    the    Tibetans 

themselves  are  not  able  to  give  a  clear 

definition  of  it.    In  C, :  inner  parts  of  the 

body,   opp.  to  outer.    In  books,  phrases 

like  the  following  are  to  be  found:  ydn- 

lag  dan  nyin^lag  fams^bdd  dan  Iddn-pa; 

ydnlag  dan  nyin-lag  nd-ba;  ydn-lag  dan 

nyin-lag  yb6d'pa\  evidently  the  nyin-lag 

are  smaller,  but  more  numerous  than  the 

ydn-lag.    In  Pth,  also  nyih-syrid  is  found 

besides  yah'Sprid^   emanation  of  the  third 

order;  v.  «p^-pa.3f*^A^  i^  ^115   ^"^'^y^^' 


^ 


ma  nyid  the  mother  herself  D^Z.;  mi 
de  ni  rgydlpo  nyid  yin-no  this  man  are 
you  yourself,  o  king!  Dzl*  the  very,  just 
he,  just  it  etc.,  las  byidrpaiynas  nyid-lajnst 
where  I  am  working  Dzl, ;  cfe?  drun-nyid- 
na  (or  du)  close  by,  to,  or  before,  hard 
by,  Thgy.;  dus  de-nyid-du  at  the  very 
moment,  frq. ;  m^ddrbya  nyid  that  which  is 
venerable  par  excellence  Tar.  15,  13;  ydn- 


188 


^(^)  m/inC-mo) 


^"^  nyiirti 


tan  nyid  Tar.  16,  14  id.;  dd-nas  mi  rin- 
barnyidrna  a  very  short  time  after  Tar,'; 
when  added  to  adjectives  it  denotes  ab- 
stract nouns,  as  in  English  the  terminations : 
-ness,  -ship,  -ty,  -cy,  -yetc.,  but  it  is 
chiefly  limited  to  the  language  of  philo- 
sophical writings,  from  which  a  few  ex- 
pressions only  (such  as  ston-pa-nyid  the 
emptiness,  the  Buddhist  vacuum)  have 
found   their   way  into  col.  language.   — 

2.  In  the  more  recent  literature  it  is  used 
resp.  for  l^od,  thou,  you;  nyidrkyi  thy,  your 
Pth,^  Ma.;  nyid -ran  you  (col.  ^nyi-rdny 
nyo^dh"^)  W.j  C,  resp.,  like  the  Grerman 
^Sie^ ;  nyidnbag(jran)  you,  addressed  to  one 
person  or  to  several,  C.  (in  Glr.  Myed^ay 
seems  to  be  used  in  the  same  way).  — 

3.  only,  granS'kyi  Ina  nyid  2jam.  only  the 
numeral  Iha;  zanyid-do  the  letter  2:a  alone 
(without  a  prefix). 

S^f?^')  wy^-^wo)  1.  day, =»y/-wia  2;  nym- 
ff^  ^^'^  during  the  day-time 
Pth.;  nyin^mor  ^yur  it  dawns  Cs.;  nytfi- 
mor  byed  'making  day\  an  epithet  of  the 
sunOs.;  nyin  adv.  in  the  day-time  G/r.  ; 
nyinrhig  one  day,  once  Dzl. ;  nyin  big  bkin' 
du  daily  Dzl.;  nyin-par  during  the  day- 
time Dzl. ;  by  day-light  Dzl. ;  del  nyin-par 
on  that  day,  frq.  Dzl.;  pyir  nyin^  ^y£  de 
nyiny  dei  'pyi  nyin  the  following  day,  on 
the  f.d.  Dzl.;  tses  bbo-lndi  nyin  the  15th., 
on  the  15th.  Glr.;  fig.:  bstdn-pa  vyin^ar 
mdzdd-pai  sky^-bu  a  saint  that  restores 
the  doctrine,  a  reformer  of  faith;  hence 
Schr, :  dddrpainyin-byed  evangelist,  apostle. 

—  2.  propitious  day;   *na  'Sa  nyin-mo  mi 
.  Jiu^  W.   this  day  is  not  propitious  for 

me  to  go. 

Comp.  nyin-dkdr  a  white,  a  ludcy  day 
Sch.  —  nyin^dn,  mfin-fog-fag  (W.  *  fag- 
fog*)  all  the  day  long.  —  nyin^h  noon. 

—  nytn-gla  daily  pay,  a  day's  hire  Cs.  — 
^nyin-fse^^  W.  all  the  day  long,  the  live- 
long day.  —  hyin-mfsdn  1.  a  day  and  a 
night,  nyin-mfsdn  bbchbrgydd  Mil.  for  nine 
days  and  nine  nights.  2.  day  and  night 
Dzl.y  nyin-mfsan-mM-par  id,,  frq.;  nyin^ 
med-fsdn-med  W.  id.;  nyin-mfsdn^du  id. 


Mil.;  Ttyin^mfsdn  mnydm-pa  equinox.  — 
nyin-idg{'fbig)  1.  a  day  with  the  night, 
24  hqurs,  divided  into  1 2  portions  of  time, 
called  Kyim  (q.  v.):  nam-pyH  midnight, 
nam-^yed-ydl  2  o'clock  a.  m.,  f(hrdn8  4  o'cL 
a.m.  (in  popular  language  also:  ^jd-po 
ddn-po*  about  2  o'cl.,  ^nyis-pa*  3  o'cL, 
*9iivmrpcf  4  o'cl.,  nofm-ldns  6  o'cl.  a.  m.  (i.e. 
the  time  when  the  sun  first  illumines  the 
mountain  tops;  it  is  from  this  moment, 
and  not  from  midnight,  that  in  daily  life 
the  date  is  counted);  nyi-Mr  8  o'cl.  a. m. 
(when  the  sun  rises  upon  the  valley);  droe- 
Jdm  (col.  ^nyi'd^)  10  o'cL  a.m.;  nyin- 
gi&n^  nyi-pyM  12  o'cl.,  noon;  pyed-^161  (W. 
*zd-ra  pi-mo*)  2  o'cL  p.m.,  myur-smdd 
4  o'cl.  p.  m.,  nyi-rgda  6  o'cl.  p.  m.,  srod^ 
Jfdr  8  o'cl.  p.  m.  (col.  *8a-rub^  srodrrub*)^ 
srod-M  10  o'cl.  p.m.  (coL  ^Hn-mff*)  — 
thus  ace.  to  Wdk.  By  adding  the  names 
of  the  12  years'  cyde  (nam-pyM  byi-ba^ 
pyed-^l  glan  etc.,  v.  the  word  fo),  these 
terms  have  been  rendered  still  more  con- 
venient for  astrological  calculations.  Of 
course,  all  the  terms  given  are  strictly 
correct  only  at  the  time  of  the  equinoxes, 
and  deviate  at  the  summer  and  winter 
solstices  for  more  than  an  hour  from  the 
time  indicated  by  our  clocks.  2.  nyin-idg 
as  symb.  num.:  15.  —  nyin-bSdn-gyia  Pth.^ 
nyinr^d  biin  Qlr.y  daily  adv.,  yfith-gyi  adj. 
—  nyin-ldm  a  day's  journey  Gir.y  rkati- 
fdn-gi^  rtd^pai,  Mg-pai  nyin -lam  a  pe- 
destrian's, a  horseman's,  a  sheep-driver's 
daily  march.  —  nyin-rdm  Tar.  (=  to-rdns) 
day-break,  morning  twilight  Schf. 

^   ^  ^     sunny  side  of  mountains. 
ly^^j^  nyt^a  to  decay,  to  crumble  to  pieces, 
^         of  rocks,  mountains  etc.;  rarely  to 
run  down,  of  tears,  to  flow  down,  of  locks 
of  hair. 

Sjj;f-  nyis  1.  instrum.  oinyi.  —  2.  in  com- 
^     pounds  for  ynis. 

^*  nyu  num.  fig.:  68. 


TjiK  nyd-ti  pear  Ld. 


^SJ-  nyitg-^a 

wrcr  ^^y^'P^  l*  ^^  besmear,  spoa  to  per- 
4  '  fame;  to  rub  gently,  to  stroke,  to 
caress  ScLy  in  this  sense  perh.  Gyatch  V9i 
14.  —  2.  to  touch,  =  rig^a  ccd.  W.;  C? 

—  3.  to  search  after  (feeling,  groping)  Cs. 

—  4.  to  put  out,  stretch  out,  H-nas  mgo 
one's  head  out  of  the  water,  to  look  or 
peep  out,  resp.  dbu  nyug  mdzdd-pa  Glr.\ 
m/ug^-njfUg-fa  Tar.  80, 21  to  stand  out,  to 
project  (Sch,:  to  nm  to  and  &o?). 

fflTjTiS)'^'  wy«^-^«  ^-  ^9  Carthusian 

Wr^SJ-  ^C:'53T  ^J^-^^'  nyMw-nim  a 
4         ^  (o  eunuch  D^;/. 

M^'n*  wytin-Ja  1.  adj.  col.  ^nyuh-nu^y  little; 
^  *wyww-fiw  irijr*,  Ld.  col.  ^nyun-na- 
ri^y  nyitn-zad  big  id.  Dzl. ;  nytm-^os  Wiiw., 
a  llttie,  a  few,  some;  nyun-iar  byM-pa  to 
make  less  Cs.  —  2.  vb.  to  be  little. 
(urxr  nyun-ma  turnip,  la^^-pug  dart)  nyun 
(^  (-wa)  radishes  and  tomips  Glr,  — 
nyun-hiy  nyun' hi  ja  tamip-soup,  turnip- 
tea,  an  infusion  of  dried  turnip  leaves, 
much  used,  e.g.  in  Bbotan,  and  considered 
very  nouri8hing(?).  ^nyun-d/^C.y  mentioned 
by  Wu.  p.  137.  as  ^navets  ronds',  large 
sweet,  red  turnips  (perh.  turnip  -  rooted 
cabbage?).  —  nyun-y^  seed -turnips  {Ck. 
turnip-seed).  —  nyim-lo  a  turnip  leaf. 

Note.  In  writing  and  speaking  this  word 
is  often  confounded  with  yun(s)  mustard, 
so  that  e.g.  yun-ma  is. said  for  turnip  inst. 
^nyuh-may  nyuhs-dkdr  for  white  mustard, 
iust  of  yuni^dr. 

V^^^  nyvn-Hmt  v   nywg-rum. 

AQrq«  nyiilrba  to  wander  or  rove  about,  to 
^  pass  privily  or  steal  through,  e.g. 
towns,  countries,  mountains  MiLy  burying- 
placea,  tombs  (as  jackals)  Jl/i/.;  (Ita)  nyulr- 
pa,  nyiilrmi  Pth.y  sa^nyul  a  spy  Cs.  (Also 
ynyuJrbay  myiU-ba,) 

^  nye  num.  fig. :  98. 

Vf  nyi-fi  a  pear  Schr.  (cf.  nyu-tiy  nyd-ti). 

i^n-  ny^'ba  L  vb.,  to  be  near,  to  approach, 
^       always  with  the  supine  of  a  verb. 


9 


ft^  nyi-ba 


189 


dm  byid'du  ny^-bas  when  he  was  near 
dying  DzL;  zld-ba  fsdn-du  ny^-bas  (when 
she  was)  near  the  completion  of  the  months, 
i  e.  the  time  of  giving  birth  to  a  child 
Dzl.y  frq.;  sldb-dpon  pyir  Jm-du  ny^-ba» 
when  the  time  of  the  teacher's  return  drew 
near  DzL ;  zin-du  mi  ny^ste  being  not  near 
having  done  Dzl.\  even  used  as  follows: 
fnas  der  sUb-tu  vyi-bai  fse  when  he  came 
near  the  place  MU. 

II,  adj.,  col.  ^nye-nfiio^  near,  both  as  to 
space  and  time,  lam-^n-gt  ynyM-pas  Uyim- 
mfses  nye  the  neighbour  is  nearer  than 
a  kinsman  living  far  off;  kd-ba  dan  ny^- 
bai  sar  at  a  place  near  the  pillar  Glr.\ 
fag-ny^'ba  id.:  ri  fag-nye-ba  big  a  near 
or  neighbouring  hill  Ma.;  standing  near, 
fig.  being  closely  connected  with  by  con- 
sanguinity: nyS'ba-mams  C.  relations, 
kindred  (Dzl.  7^^  ^  13  ynySn-pas  prob.  is 
preferable  to  mo  ny^-bas) ;  allied  by  simi- 
larity: mtsdms-medr-pa  Ina  dan  de  dan  ny^- 
bai  sdig-pa  the  five  worst  sins,  and  those 
coming  nearest  to  them;  near  by  friend- 
ship and  affection:  ^ny^-mo  yin"^  W.  he 
is  closely  connected  with  us,  he  is  desirous 
to  enter  into  an  intimate  connection  with 
us;  bhy  or  snyin^  or  sems  nyS-ba  (or  *ny^- 
7W0*),  friendly,  kind,  amicable,  bio  nyS-ba 
Itar  bySd'pa  to  affect  a  friendly  manner 
Glr.;  *nyi ' mo  jh£  ' pd^  C.  to  love,  e.g, 
parents  loving  their  children  or  vice  vers&; 
nyi'bai  sras  brgyad  Glr.  the  eight  intimate 
disciples  (of  Buddha,  not  historical,  but 
mythical  persons,  Mandshusri  etc.). 

III.  adv.  nyi'bar  or  nyer  1 .  near,  dan 
to,  d^-dag  dan  ny^-bar  Ihd-Kan  bkens  near 
to  them  he  built  a  temple  Tar.;  ny^-bar 
^dn-ba,  sUb-pay  to  come  near,  to  approach; 
ny^-bar  ^gyiir-ba  id ,  ^tdm-w,  nyi-bar  ^gyur- 
ba  dan  when  it  was  nearly  empty  PtJi. ; 
ddr-la  nyi-bar  gyur-to  it  began  to  spread, 
to  extend  itself  Jtt.;  nyi-bar  ynds-pa  to 
be  near,  to  stand  near,  e.g.  of  a  star  Wdn. 
—  2.  ny^'bar  byidrpa^  with  la,  to  adhere  to, 
to  keep  (one's  promise)  Pth.  —  3.  nyS-bar 
bidg-pa  to  make  use  of,  to  employ,  drdn- 
pa  nyi'bar  bidg-pa  (^infR'nr,  Bum.  I., 


190 


r  nye-io 


9 


^q-  nyh-pa 


626.  ^pj  near,  though  Tibetan  dictionaries 
write  ^1^)  to  make  use  of  one's  intellectual 
powers.  To  do  this  rightly  forms  part  of 
Buddhist  wisdom  (v.  Kopp,  I,  436)  and 
instruction  {DzL  9(5^^  7,  where  Sch.'s 
version  is  incorr.),  being  divided  into  four 
divisions  or  degrees  (Bum,)\  sans-rfft/ds- 
la  dhdn-pai  ^du-h^s  nyi-har  bidg-pa  to 
apply  to  Buddha  the  notion  of  rareness 
Tar.  5, 13.  —  4.  intensely,  urgently,  speedily, 
ojiffs^a  ny^-bar  it  fear  is  speedily  allayed 
Glr, ;  Tiadny^-bar  Jso  the  disease  is  speedily 
cured  Tkgyr^  nyi^bar  Un-pa  MU.y  Thgy. 
to  seize  eagerly,  to  strive  for  earnestly, 
to  aspire  to,  esp.  to  the  re -birth  as  a 
human  being;  cf.  also  nyer-Un^  nyi^baar 
Tnlcd^a  of  urgent  necessity,  frq.  Tar,  nyer 
jpel  it  increases  rapidly  Med. 
rV.  sbst.  V.  nyi-Hh. 

Comp.  nye-sUor  Sch.  nye-Jcdr  those 
about  US,  the  company  around  us,  Kyedn 
rdn^gi  nye-Kor-gyi  Iddm-bu-ba  a  beggar 
belonging  to  the  people  around  you  Mil. ; 
esp.  relations,  kindred,  des  nye-Udr  yan 
kuys'kyis  yon  in  this  way  family- connections 
are  formed  of  themselves  Mil.  —  nye- 
mUdn  =  nye-rin  Cs.  (?)  —  nye-grogs  neigh- 
bour, fellow -creature  Ci.  —  nye-Mr  now 
Sch.  —  ny^'dag  C«.,  nyd-duy  and  most  frq. 
nye-Jbrd  {ynyen  -  Jbril)  kindred,  relations 
(these  being  considered  a  main  obstacle 
to  moral  perfection,  they  are  to  be  shunned 
accordingly).  —  nye-ynds  disciple,  kyid- 
kyi  nye-ynds  bgyio^  nye-ynds-su  mcio  I 
wish  to  become  your  disciple  Dd.  —  nye- 
t%dn^  nye-rigs  relative,  kinsman.  —  nye-rin 

1.  near  and  far,  near  and  distant  relations. 

2.  distance,  sgw  nye-rin  ci-tsam  yod  how 
far  is  it  from  here  to  the  gate?  3.  partial, 
rgydl-po  nye-rin  ^es  the  king  is  very  par- 
tial Glr.,  nye-rin-m^d-pa  impartial  Glr.  — 
nye-ldm  near;  now  Sch. 

^1^   nye-io  damage,  mishap,  accident  (syn. 
to  bar-lad),  nye-io-m^d-par  without 


an  accident,  safely  Dzl. 

^x^mqf  nye-r^g-pa  Leocx.  to  wash. 


5^3c  ^y^"^^'  ^^  nyi-bai  kin  Med.,  a  tree 
^  '  the  fruits  of  which  are  used  as  a 
sweet  medicine. 

Strrq*,  ^^  ny^-ma,  nyeg-fdg,  v. 
^   '     '    ^   '      '    nydg-ma. 

Wn'^  nyid'pa  =  mnyM-pa. 

2>-  nyen  l.  =  nye,  nyen-kdr,  or  nyen^skdr 
^  ^nye-Jior  a  relathre,  Pth.:  nyen-hdr 
Hg  yin  he  is  a  kinsman;  also  alone,  like 
ynyen.  —  2.  with  a  vb.:  danger,  risk,  myur- 
du  ^jig-nyen  yod  there  is  a  danger  of  its 
being  soon  destroyed  Glr.\  dmydl-bar  ^o- 
nyhi  yda  there  is  a  danger  of  going  to  hell; 
srdg^  bar-Md-du  ^ro-bai  nyen  yod  Mil. 
of  risking  one's  life;  ^dim-nyerf  C.  he  has 
the  chance  of  receiving  a  good  beating; 
occasionally  also:  to  be  near,  to  impend, 
in  reference  to  happy  events;  in  col.  lan- 
guage it  is  simply  used  for  danger,  nySn- 
can  dangerous,  e.g.  lam,  las,  sbrul  etc. 
2>-^  nySn-pa,  pf.  nyhi-to,  to  be  pained, 
^  pinched,  pressed  hard,  e.g.  by  hun- 
ger, cold,  enemies;  to  toil  and  moil,  to 
labour  hard,  to  drudge;  v.  ban. 

^'  nyer  1.  ^nyd-bar.  —  2.  v.  nyi-hi. 
^'^?r  ^y^''-*^*  Thgy.y  theme,  task 

$x'5{:c'  nyer-nyir,  nyer-ie;  W.  dregs,  sedi- 
^^  ment 

Sr-fl*  ny^-ba  1.  Sch.  to  tan,  curry,  dress, 
^  make  soft.  —  2.  W.,  also  ^nyer-kdd 
tdn-de"*,  to  snarl,  growl.  —  3.  W.  to  tarry, 
stay,  linger  (myh-ba  for  bsndr-ba?). 

ft^'^  nySr-ma  W.  for  jy^-may  red  pepper. 

^  ^  said  to  be  -  rgyui  rgyu,  original 
cause. 

^^T  nyd'ba  taken  ill,  sick  ScL 

5^CT  ^y^'P^  !•  sbst  any  thing  wrong 
^  or  noxious,  or  liable  to  become  so, 
and  the  consequences  of  it;  hence  1.  evil, 
calamity,  damage,  nyh-pa  fams^dd  del  lus- 
la  ^diu>  all  sorts  of  plagues  are  collecting 
upon  his  body  DzL;  lo-nyh  a  bad  harvest, 
failure  of  crops,  lo-nyis  by^n-bai  f$e  when 


y 


191 


nyo 


^1^  yni/dn 


Ae  harvest  had  been  bad;  in  a  special 
sense  in  medicine:  the  three  hlimours  of 
the  body,  air  (v.  rlun)^  bile,  and  phlegm, 
gen.  called  f^7t^  ynodrbyM  nyh-pa  ymm 
the  three  noxioas  matters  (most  diseases 
being  ascribed  to  a  derangement  of  one 
of  them).  —  2.  moral  fault,  offence,  sin, 
crime,  ny^-^ai  skyon^  being  contaminated 
by  a  crime  DzL;  lus  dan  ndg-gi  (or  Uai) 
nyis-pa  sin  in  word  and  A^tA  DzL\  nyes- 
pa  by^'pa  to  commit  a  fault,  a  crime; 
to  sin,  frq.;  also:  mi  hig-la  nyes-pa  hyun 
a  slip  has  occurred  to  a  person  DzU ;  bddg- 
la  nyh'pa  H  hig  ydd-de  ma  ynah  what 
crime  have  I  committed,  that  you  will 
not  give  me  permission?  Dzh  —  3.  punish- 
ment C.  *nyi-mi^  id.,  resp.  *Aa  nye\  nye- 
fa  fog-Uarf  he  that  has  got  a  punishment. 

U.  vb.  to  commit  an  offence,  o^^  ^ 

»^A-te  hz%kh  what  offence  has  he  com- 
mitted that  he  is  taken  prisoner?  Dzl,  (c£ 
above);  sn^n-iad  bdag^gis  nyds-pa  bden  it 
is  tme  that  formerly  I  committed  a  fault 
Zte/.;  shdr  Tna  abrdn-pa  nyds-so  the  not 
reporting  sooner  was  a  fault  DzL]  yydgs- 
pa  nySs  -  so  you  have  committed  a  fault 
by  covering . . .  DzL;  bdag  nyis-na  if  harm 
is  done  to  me;  hence  hi  nyis  in  a  general 
sense:  Uyod  H  nyis-pa  smros  Ug  tell  me 
what  has  happened  to  you  DzL\  btsdn-na 
H  nyh  quid  mali,  si  vendideris?  DzL\  mi 
dranrnam  di  nyes  is  she  out  of  her  senses, 
or,  what  is  the  matter  with  her?  DzL; 
H  ny^-na  why,  ci  nyds-na  Mdn-pai  nan- 
na  rdzin-bu  bshyil  why  is  there  a  pond 
within  the  house?  DzL;  ma  ny^-pai  ^rd- 
ba  innocent  beings  MU, ;  wa  nyes-pa  pyir 
byun  he  came  out  again  unhurt  DzL ;  nyes- 
byas  a  wicked  action,  a  sin  Cs. ;  nyh-ltuh 
sin,  sinful  deed,  trespass,  nyMtun-gis  pog 
he  has  been  overtaken  by  a  sin  Mil, 

y  nyo  1.  num.  fig.:  128. —  2.  carrot  6's. 

^^  nyo'ti  a  pear  Ld,  Ctv    i^  ^  . 

a^  nyd-ba^  pf.  and  imp.  wyos,  1.  to  buy, 

dnul  brgyas  for  a   hundred  rupees; 

nyd-^bdhypo  a  buyer,  purchaser,  nyo-iba-) 


f^t 


^^; 


mo  fem.;  nyd-mkan  a  buyer,   customer; 

nyd'fo  account,  bill;  nyo-Jsdh  commerce, 

traffic;  nyo-Ja&n  bydd-pa  to  trade.  —  2. 

to  take  at  rent,  to  take  the  lease  (of  a  field, 

by  buying  the  crop). 

rq*  nydg-pa  soiled,  dirtied,  made  unclean, 
'      e.g.  of  victuals  Mil.;  nydg-ma  Sch.j 

hi-nydg Lex.  muddy,  foul  water;  nyog^nydg^ 

po  confused  (story)  Tar. 

^r-  nyogs-byin  Sch.:  too  soft;  nyog- 
^      nyin  Sch.  soft,  tender,  weak, 

inclined  to  weep;  ^s^-nyog-^arC^  (for  ybis- 

nyog-tan)  dandling,  fondling  W. 

^'CJ'  nyddrpa  food  Lex. 

^^^j^-j.q.  wyon-w^iws-pa  (seldom  without 
^  -pa),  S%k.  %ff  1 .  misery,  trouble, 

pain,  frq.;  also  used  as  a  verb:  nyorwm^m- 
hin ;  tsd-bas  nyon-m&nS'te  molested  by  the 
heat  DzL\  nyon-mdhs-par  ^gyur-ha  to  get 
into  trouble  DzL ;  nyon  ma  mons-sam  had 
you  to  experience  any  hardship?  DzL  — 
2.  in  a  restricted  sense:  the  misery  of  sin, 
nyon-mdns-pa-las  p'an-pai  don  med  this 
does  not  avail  for  being  delivered  from 
such  misery  DzL;  sin,  nijon-n7i6m-pai  nod, 
dai>  -  ma  DzL ;  set*  -  sna  -  la  sdgs-pai  nyon- 
mdnS'pa  avarice  and  other  sins  S.O.;  nyon- 
mdrfS'pa-mddrpa  free  from  sin,  sinless  S.O.; 
fiyon-mdna-ian-gyis  nyd-ha  nyos  Zam.  the 
offender  buys  the  flesh  of  a  fish. 

nyob-nydb  weak,  feeble-minded 

Sch. 

?^'  nyor  1.  v.  nyd-ba.  2.  a  rectangle  Cs. 

nyoly  imp.  of  nydl-ba;  nydl-ba  prov. 

for  nydl'ba. 

nyos^  imp.  of  nyd-ba;  nyos-mi  a  slave 

Cs. 

^nW^'^'  ynydn-ba  Sch.,  prob.  =  mydn-ba. 

™l^-  ynyan  1 .  a  pestilential  disease,  epi- 
'^  ^  demic,  or  contagious  disorder,  plague, 
mdze  dan  Jbrwm-bu  ynyan  Ma.]  ynyan- 
ndd  id.;  ynyan- ditg  a  poison  against,  or 
a  remedy  for  the  plague  Med.;  dka-ynydn 
a  destructive  plague  Sch.  —  2.  a  species 
of  wild  sheep,  argali  (Ovis  ammon). 


^^ 


192 


^TjWT^  ynydn-pa 


srj^  ynyis 


mksrzT  ^'f^ydn-pa  cruel,  fierce,  severe,  Iha 
piydnrnams  Glr.  gods  of  venge- 
ance, deities  of  terror;  klu-piydn  id.; 
llrims  ynydn-pa  a  cruel  commandment, 
£rq.;  darnrtsig  ynydvr^a  prob.  a  rigid  vow, 
a  solemn  oath  MU.;  of  mountains:  wild, 
rugged,  precipitous;  ynydn  -  sa  a  rugged 
country  MU.\  in  ynydn-pai  ynad  (v.  ynad) 
prob.:  dangerous.  — ynydnrpo  sbst.  Mil.f 

rnMvq-)  r^ya(rba)  1.  neck,  nape,  r^yd- 

'^  ba  brfuns  the  neck  is  contracted 

or  shortened  Med,  —  ynyd-ko  hide,  or 
leather  of  a  beast's  neck  Cs.  —  ynya-Zldbs 
screen  of  the  neck  (attached  to  a  helmet) 
Sch.  —  ynya  -  rff^ydb  (?)  C.  breast  -  work, 
parapet.  —  ynyorrUi  vertebra  prominens, 
the  cervical  vertebra  with  its  projecting 
process  MU,  —  ynya-fsigs  cervical  joint. 
—  ynya-rHs  stiflf  neck,  ynya^Sns-dan  1. 
having  a  stiff  neck;  2.  stiffnecked,  obsti- 
nate. —  ynya-nh  a  yoke  (for  oxen)  GZr., 
Lea.  —  2.  skad-ynyd  v.  skad, 
J— fl-j.— .  ynyor-ndn,  or  snya^ndn,  a  village 

1/    T^  Qjj  ^\^Q  frontier  of  Nepal. 
mfx^  y^yd-bo  a  witness,  one  that  gives 

'^         evidence  C«.,  Lex.  =  d^a^  -^; 
ynyd'bo  by^-pa  to  pledge  for,  to  be  surety 
for;  DzL  97V''  bskyi-ynyd  byas^  Sch.:  'he 
made  an  attested  loan\ 
T^my^y^'9^  for  ynyis'ka  Stg.;  ynyi-z^ 

'^    '  for  nyi-zh*  hex, 

PwTry  ynyig-tu  Lex.^yUg-ta, 

qiSt-  ywyid,  resp.  wTm/,  sleep,  ynyid-du 
'^  ^rc^-Jo  to  fall  asleep  Glr.,  MU.;  W. 
*nytd  ma  yon^  sleep  has  not  come,  I  am 
sleepless ;  ^nyid  ma  Uxig^  nyid  Hug  ma  nyan*^ 
also  *nytd  sa/i  son*  id.;  ynyid  mi  tub  he 
cannot  find  sleep  Med.\  ynyidrtum-pa  one 
uninterrupted  portion  of  sleep  GZr.;  ynyid 
mfug-pa  a  sound  sleep,  ynyid-srdb  a  light 
sleep,  a  slumber  Med.  —  ynyid -log -pa 
(prop,  ynyid' kyts  log -pa)  Dzl.  to  fall  a- 
sleep,  Dzl  TV^-,  16;  ^L^  9  (thus  correctly 
translated  already  by  Schr.)^  prob.  also 
to  sleep;  ynyid-la  ^^o-ba,  W.  *ca-b^^  to 
fall  asleep ;  ynyid  fug-por  son  he  fell  into 
a  deep  sleep  MU.\  *da-run  ynyid  ma  Idg- 


mKan-Jluj^  TT.  I  am  still  awake;  ynyid 
sdd-pa  to  awaken,  to  awake  vb.  n. ;  ynyid- 
yur-ba  to  be  overcome  by  sleep  Sch., 
Tar.  31,  22,  Pth.,  —  ynyid-rddl  C.  som- 
nambulism; *nyidr7na-m&n4a  did-h^  id., 
Ld.;  *nyi^-M  gydb-pa*  id*  C.  —  )-nyidr 
can  sleepy  Cs. ;  ynyid^mM  having  no  sleep, 
sleepless;  ynyid-yir  morbid  sleeplessness; 
ynyid-ydr  Med.,  Pth.^  id?  ynyidrlam  C.  = 
rmi-lam  dream. 

^&^  ynyis  1.  also  ynyis  hig  (v.  ci^),  two, 
'/  de  ynyis^  ynyis-po^  ynyis-ka  the  two, 
both;  ynyM(-«w)-w^(-pa);  mi -ynyis -pa 
Tar.^  not  being  two,  i.e.  not  differing, 
identical,  the  same,  ha  dan  rgydJrba  ynyis- 
su  med  I  and  Buddha,  we  are  one,  i.e. 
I  am  an  incarnation  of  Buddha  Olr.;  Cs. 
also:  indubitable,  thus  perh.  used  by  MiL; 
ynyis-su  Jbyttn-ia  to  be  divided  into  two, 
to  become  two  Glr.  —  2.  a  (married) 
couple,  brdm  -  ze  ynyis  Brahmin  roan  and 
wife.  —  3.  both  (v.  above),  in  Tibetan 
often  added,  where  two  nouns  have  the 
same  predicate,  either  disjunctively,  and 
then  usually  followed  by  re:  jd-bo  dan 
byams-mgdn  ynyis  mdad-mo  ret  st^-du 
l^s  both  the  lord  and  the  Maitreya  were 
mounted  on  bastard-cows  Glr.;  ha-rdn  re 
ynyis  either  of  us  MiL]  pyi  nan  ynyis  lUs- 
lugs  gan  bzan  which  is  the  better  of  the 
two  religions,  the  esoteric,  or  the  exoteric? 
Glr.;  —  or  copulatively:  kyo-Mig  ynyis-la 
rds-lug  y tig-las  mi  bddg-ste  as  they  both, 
husband  and  wife,  had  only  one  cloth  to- 
gether Dzl.',  —  and  recipiocally :  &«  dan 
bon  ynyis  rtsdd-pa  the  contest  between  the 
religion  of  Buddha,  and  the  religion  of 
the  Bons  Glr. ;  Hyod  dan  ha  ynyis  bzcHin 
byao  we  two  shall  marry  each  other  Glr. 
In  most  cases  mentioned  sub  3,  ynyis-po 
(the  two),  ynyis-ka,  (yy^y^-Q^-i  W*  col-  *'^^ 
*nyi-ko,  nyi-kady  nyi-kod*,  Sp.  *nyi-mo*y 
may  be  used  inst.  of  ynyis;  ynyis  may  also 
refer  to  several  nouns  on  one  or  on  both 
sides:  Kyed  dan  ha  ynyis  both  you  (re- 
ferring to  several  persons)  and  I;  but  it 
may  also  be  quite  omitted,  as  in  other 
languages:  ga  dan  bai  ^ug-tsvl  the  way 


STj^^^  ynyug-ma 

No 

of  employing  the  (two)  letters  g  and  b 
Gram, 

Comp.  and  deriv.  ynyis'skyes  one  that 
is  born  twice  i.e.  a  bird  Cs. ;  also  one  that 
has  entered  into  a  religious  order  Cs.  — 
ynyis-cdr  v.  car,  —  ynyis-ynyis  two  a 
piece.  -  ynyis'lddb  twofold,  double,  v.  Idab. 
—  ynyis  -^fuh  (ft[^)  'drinking  twice',  the 
elephant.  —  ynyis-pa  1.  the  second.  2. 
having  two,  possessed  of  two,  e.g.  mg(h- 
ynyis-pa  having  two  heads,  two-headed; 
also  double-tongued,  deceitful  W.  3.  having 
doubts,  doubtingC?)  W^^^. — ynyis-po  the  two, 
both  (v.  above).  —  ynyts-mid  v.  beginning 
of  this  article.  —  ynyis-Jbin  prob.  the  state 
of  being  affected  or  influenced  by  contrary 
things:  doubt,  unsteadiness,  wavering  Glr.; 
piyU-^dzin  Itd-ba  prob.  to  look  upon  two 
thmgs  as  differing,  to  think  them  different  Jii'Z. 
mMTJI'  y'^y^g-'^na  Cs,  natural,  opp.  to 
'4  beds -ma  artificial,  hence  (Sch.) 

=  dnos-ma;  Lexx.  =  flpf  innate,  peculiar. 
It  occurs  in  the  expressions:  semsynyug- 
may  and  ynyiig-mai  sems  Mil;  ynyug-mai 
ye^es  MU. ;  ;  nyug-mai  don  Mil,  and  Lea. ; 
ma-bids  ynyiig-mai  ndh-du  jdres^  perh.:  is 
dissolved  into  the  uncreated  primordial 
existence  MU,  Our  Lama  explained  it  dif- 
ferently in  different  passages,  and  was  not 
certain  of  the  true  meaning  of  the  word. 

CTa[;*rm^  ynytl,n-dkdr  rape-seed  for  press- 
4  ing  oil;  but  cf.  nyun-ma. 

^'R^^  ynytiZ-ia  =  nyul-ba. 

ffl5*fl'/w^^-ia,  Gh\  also  ynyeo,  smy^-bo, 

^     a  wooer,  courter. 
m^^  yny4-ma  the  twisted  part  of  the 

'^  colon  or  great  gut,  Med.  and  col. 
{8ch,  erron.:  rectum). 
mjr  ynyen^  resp.  sku-ynyM  1.  Icinsman, 
relative,  bydms-pai  ynyen  loving  re- 
lations, frq.;  ynyin-la  bydms-pa  byed-pa 
to  love  one's  relatives;  yny&n-gyi  sgy{tg- 
ww,  sgyug-mo  as  a  degree  of  relationship 
i«jr.;  ynyen  byed-pa  to  become  related, 
or  allied,  by  marriage  Dzl.  —  2.  gen. 
yn^po  helper,  friend,  assistant,  esp.  spiri- 
tually: rgyud  yny&n-po  bzdn-bar  byin-gyis 


9 


193 


^^  ynyen 


rlobs  bless  my  soul,  that  it  may  become 
a  good  spiritual  helper  (to  these  people) 
Mil. ;  ynyen  -po-la  ma  Itos  -par  without 
looking  up  to  a  spiritual  adviser  Mil.;  frq. 
used  of  supernatural  helpers :  bod  ^dul-bai 
ynyhi-po  the  promoter  of  the  conversion 
of  Tibet  (the  special  Saviour  of  Tibet,  as 
it  were),  Awalokiteswara,  frq. ;  applied  to 
things:  remedy,  means,  expedient,  antidote, 
ndd-la  yso-bar  byidrpm  ynyen-po  assistants 
in  curing  maladies  (e.g.  medicine,  diet  etc.) 
Med. ;  dd  yny^n-por  as  a  remedy  for  Thgy,^ 
frq.;  sgrub-pai  fahs  mi  his-pai  yny^-p&i* 
as  a  remedy  for  helplessness  in  acquiring 
a  certain  object,  i.e.  direction  or  instruc- 
tion how  to  obtain  it  Thgy,;  ynyhi-po 
ysdn-ba  mysterious  helpers,  or  sources  of 
good  (relative  to  fetish -like  objects  frq.) 

—  3.  Cs.t  ^yny^nrpo  adversary,  antagonist, 
enemy;  contrary,  opposite,  adverse';  Sch,: 
^yny4nrpor  rUn-pa  to  adhere  to  the  counter 
party';  Lexx.  have  ^span-by ai  yny&n-po^  a 
yny^n-po  to  be  shunned,  explaining /72;^^7^j[>o 
t>y  TfRnrr  (prob.  to  be  corrected  into  t|^) 
opponent,  adversary.  Sure  proofs  of  this  sig- 
nification of  ynyin-po  I  seldom  met  with  in 
literature,  but  Lewin  mentions  some  instan- 
ces scarcely  to  be  doubted.  —  4.  i.  o.  mnyen 
and  bsnyen. 

Comp.  dpun-ynyen  helper,  assistant,  frq. 

—  pd-yny^y  md- ynyen  a  relation  on 
the  father's  side,  on  the  mother's  side  Cs. 

—  bses-yny4n  friend,  esp.  spiritual  friend, 
V.  bses.  —  ynyen-grds  (^ScLf),  ynyen-^hrel^ 
*nyen  -  dun  - po*  W.  relations,  esp.  of  the 
same  blood ;  ynyen-sd^^  ynyen-tsdn^  ynyen- 
srid  MU.  id.,  col.  —  ynyen-^dun  1.  Sch,: 
^concord,  harmony,  amongst  kinsmen',  in 
which  sense  it  seems  to  be  used  in  Stg,: 
ynyen-^dun  zddrpa  yin  this  harmony  ceases. 
2.  relations,  pa  yan  ma  yin,  ynyen-^d^n  min 
neither  father  nor  relations  Thgy,  —  ynyen- 
zld  prob.:  qualified,  fit  for  miatrimonial 
alliance  (as  to  birth  etc.),  ky^d-mams  kyan 
ned  rgya-ndg-pai  ynyen-zld  yin- pas  as  ye 
Tibetans  may  enter  into  connubial  con- 
nexion with  us  Chinese  Glr.\  in  a  concrete 
sense:  a  good  match,  ynyen-zld  ma  my^d- 

13 


194 


m^*^  ynyir-ba 


kyis  Dzl  5V,  14;  Kyod  dan  ynyennzld  min 
1  am  not  allied  with  you  by  marriage, 
with  you  I  am  not  on  terms  of  affinity. 
—  ynyenrhdl  (?)  reconciliation  C.  —  ynyen- 
Uis  relatives  and  friends,  also  separately: 
Uyodrla  ynyen  med  hhes  hycm  med  Mil. 
qw^w  yny^  -  ba  c.  accus.  to  take  pains 
'^      with,  to  talce  care  of,  to  provide  for, 
to  try  to  get;  to  procure,  to  acquire,  ynyer 
byid-pa  id.;  as  a  sbst  Tar,  165,  22:  the 
procurer,  provider  Schf.\  gen.  in  conjunc- 
tion with  don  in  various  ways,  as:  bda^ 
don  hig  fnyir  -  fe  as  I  have  to  look  after 
a  business  Dzl.  2p^  7;  don  ynyer -ba  to 
earn  money;  ddn-du  ynySr-ba  c.  accus., 
rarely  c.  dat :  to  provide  for,  to  strive  to 
procure,  nor  ddn-^  ynyir-ha  to  endeavour 
to  make  money,  frq.;  yo-bydd  ddn-du 
yny^'ba-mams  people  who  dfesired  to 
have  goods   Tar,  169,   hence  don-yny^ 
exertion,  effort,  zeal,  don-yny^  ^Snrpo  dgos 
great  exertions  are  necessary  MU, ;  in  this 
sense  prob.  also  Tar.  4,  8:  earnest  exertion 
(in  investigating);  don^-ynyir  byidrfa  c.  la 
to  study,  investigate  (a  thing)  Glr.\  don- 
ynySr-ian  1.  zealous,  painstaking.  2.  Sch, 
also :  liked,  welcome,  Tn^ona  welcome  guest. 
—  dkon-yny^  Tar.  183,  21,    Schf.i  ad- 
ministrator  of  valuable  property;  ace.  to 
others:  the  first  secular  functionary  of  a 
yteug- lag- Kail y  about  the  same  as  bailiff 
(steward)  of  a  convent,  =  Jhorynyir  Georgi 
Alph.  Tib.  (in  an  edict);  also  the  manager 
of  the  daily  sacrifices  (dgon^ynydrf);  slob- 
ynyir  a  student,  ^osslob-yny^  a  religious 
scholar  (a  student  of  theology)  MU.,  slob' 
yny^  gdn-du  bgyia  where  did  you  study? 
Mil.  —  ytad-ynyir  byid-pa  to  trust  (a 
person  with),  to  intrust  (a  thing  to)  Olr.\ 
cM'du  ynyir-bay  and  ij^-m  ynySr-ba  v. 
^ed,  —  yny4r-Ka  attention,  care,  ynyir-Ka 
byid'pa  ccg,  to  pay  attention  to,  attend 
to,  take  care  of  Pth.\  ynyir-Ka  ytdd-pa 
to  commit  (a  thing)  to  a  person's  charge, 
to  put  a  person  in  trust  of  Glr.  —  yny&r^ 
pa  farm-steward,  in  convents  etc.  —  yny^- 
bydn  prob.  =  ynyer-Ka,  —  ynyer'fsdn  store- 


*W5r^  fnnydm-pa 

room,  store-bouse,  (if  under  the  charge  of 
a  special  ynyir-pa). 

qw^w  ynyir-Tna  a  fold  of  the   skin, 
'^  wrinkle  Med,\  ynyer-ma  r^-pa 

^gyur  the  wrinkles  are  made  straight,  are 
smoothed  Stg.\  ynyir -  jna  '  han  wrinkled; 
Kro-yny^  (^19^)  *  frown,  a  severe  or 
angry  look  v.  ]lr6^ba\  ynyir-ha  to  wrinkle, 
sna-gdn  ynySr^ba  to  knit  the  brows,  to 
frown  Pth. 

t^JM^S^  ynyilria^mnyiUba  Sch. 

v^&aczv  y'W^'P^  t®  desire,  to  wish  earnestly 
'^'       C%.  \.  snydg-pa. 

qj^.  ynyod  strengtb,  durability,  stoutness 
''^  of  cloth  etc.,  C.  and  TF.,  ynydd-can 
strong;  ynyod-^n^  ynyod-med  weak;  Lex, 
hts  ynyod  -  Sin  a  weakly  body  or  consti- 
tution. 
mSS^'tr  y^y^'P^  ^  draw,  stretch,  strain 

'/^    c,  w. 

^ox*  mnyan  C.  boat,  skiff,  wherry;  mnydn^ 

^  pa  boat-man,  ferry-man. 
35IWrQ  ''^'^ydnrpa  1.  =  nydn-pa  DzL  etc. 

^      —  2.  V.  mnyan. 
$I(5«i)!fe'  '^^y^n-yody  ^rr^^,  a  town  in 
''       '  the  northern  part  of  Oudh. 

51%$!'  nmyam  v.  the  following  word. 

SlftST^  ??iwy(fm-^a  (iw)  ^^  *nydm^*, 
^  1.  like,  alike,  equal,  WKie^mnydm- 
po  ydd  they  are  alike,  equal,  not  differing, 
col.;  with  dan^  seldom  with  the  termin., 
Uia  dan  mnydm-pa  yod  they  are  like  unto 
the  gods  Pth.y  Olr,\  zlum-por  mnydm-pa 
roundish  £[a9n6/l.;  rigs  rrmydm-pa  of  equal 
birth,  rank  DzL\  dtis  mnydm-^a  contem- 
porary, simultaneous,  frq.  mnydm-par  gyur- 
ba  to  become  equal,  to  be  equal  Dzl.  — 
2.  even,  level,  flat,  lag-mfil  Uar  mnydm-^a 
flat  like  the  palm  of  the  hand  Gk,  and 
elsewh.;  mnydm-pa  (or  -par)  byM-pa  to 
make  even  or  level,  to  even,  to  equalize 
DzL;  to  divide  equally;  sems  mnydm-pa 
imperturbation,  evenness  of  mind,  not  to 
be  affected  by  kindness  or  the  reverse; 
sems  mnydm-par  jdg-pa  to  compose  the 


195 


miDd  to  perfect  rest,  for  meditation,  frq. ; 
fimydmr^  sbydr-ba  id.  (?)  —  mnydm-du 
adv.  (col.  *nydm^o*)  c.  dan:  together  with, 
in  company  of,  bld-ma  dan  nydwrdu  offrogs 
dus-m  MU. ;  ma  dan  mnydm'duQtH-ia  Thgy.\ 
col.  *«o  dan  nydTnrpo  hog*  or  merely  ^nydm- 
po  ho^  come  aloDg  with  me!  ^nyamson- 
te*  going  along  with;  nyi-ma  hdr-ba  dan 
mmydm^du  with  the  rising  sun  Mil.;  col. 
*dul  dan  nydm-po*  in  walking,  ambulando] 
^fen  dan  nydm-po*  in  taking  it  away  (it 
was  broken);  ^Kwr^a  nydm^  (to  send  some- 
thing)  by  (with)  a  cooly.  —  mnyamrmidy 
mnyam-brdl  unequalled,  matchless;  mi 
mnydm^a  1,  unequal,  2.  uneven. — pyag 
(or  lag)  ynyis  mnydwriiag-tu  ydd-pa  both 
hands  laid  together  on  the  stomach,  mnydm- 
hkag  fyajg-rgya-han  id.  —  mnyofWr^a-nyid^ 
^pnn,  equality,  parity;  impartiality, justice. 

«^w  mnyidrfa^  pf.  and  imp.  mnyes,  fut, 
^  ^  mnyCy  W.  col.  ^mnyo-be*^  1.  to  nib, 
between  the  hands  or  feet,  e.g.  ears  of  com ; 
ODe^s  body  Tar,]  esp.  hides,  hence  to  tan, 
curry,  dross;  kd-ba  mny^-pa  a  tanned 
hide,  dressed  leather;  *hed  dan  ny^-i^ 
W.  to  rub  in  or  into  with  force.  —  2.  Cs. 
also:  to  coax. 

«^q-  mnyhi-fa,  W,  *nyin-mo*j  flexiblo, 
^  pliablo,  suppio;  soft,  smooth,  of  the 
voice  frq.;  of  the  mind  DzL\  mny^n-par 
bySd'pa  to  make  soft,  smooth,  flexible, 
^gy{ir4)a  to  become  soft,  of  the  skin  etc. 
Med.;  mnyen^mnyil-ba  to  make  soft  by 
tanning  Sch.  —  mnyen^mnyh  yhin-pa  to 
caress,  to  fondle  Sch. 
jqSflrq-  mnyiUba  1.  also  piyiUba^  to  tan, 
^  to  dress  (hides)  Sch.  —  2.  resp. 
for  ndl-ba  to  get  tired  Pth. 

^^fv^'  mnyis'pa^  resp.for  dgd'-ba,  in  more 
^  recent  writings  and  col.  for  the 
dgyk'pa  of  ancient  literature,  to  be  glad, 
to  take  delight  in,  ccd.;  to  be  willing,  to  wish, 
often  with  fugs ;  mny^s^m*  byidrpa  to  make 
glad,  to  give  pleasure;  e.g.  to  the  king  by 
presents  Olr.y  to  Buddha  by  worshipping 
him  Glr.  —  mnyes-Wn-pa  Leax.y  Sch.:  to 
love  much;  to  be  rejoiced  at 


S^^'Cf  myid^a 


S^S^^  'mnyd-mnyo-ban  W.  fondling, 

^     ^     ^  petting,  prii^gMrla  a  child. 
x-'gr    «r3f  rnyd'loy  myd-loj  several  vnld- 
V      '    V       growing  species  of  Polygonum 


M-'fl'  rnydn-ba  Cs.  =  hsdUba^  to  rinse;  W. 
^  to  sufFer  diarrhoea,  myan-ndd  diar- 

rhoea; mydn-pa  diarrhetic  stool;  mydn- 
may  ynydn-ma  id,,  ni  f. 
SC'Ec  ^y^'^y^y  wom-out  clothes,  rags 

S^  myan  =  ynyan  wild  sheep,  argali. 

jc^n-xq-q-  myab-mydb-pa  to  SOizo  orsnatch 
^^      together  ScA. 

^^'  myaSy  sometimes  used  for  bmyas. 

^  §•  Tuyiy  snyiy  W.  *nyiu^  nyin-nu*  (cf. 
V  '  V  myon)  1 .  snare,  for  catching  vrild 
animab,  myi  JbUg-pa  to  lay  snares,  also 
fig.  —  2.  trap,  f^r-myi  mouse-trap  (con- 
sisting of  a  flat  stone  supported  by  a  little 
stick  {piiT-pa).  —  3.  net  Sch.  (?). 

fr-q-  myin-pa  old,  ancient,  of  things,  e.g. 
clothes,  ysar^myin  new  and  old; 
sndr-gyi  yi-ge  myin-^a-^'nams  ancient  re- 
cords Glr.;  brdormyin  the  ancient  ortho- 
graphy Zam.;  lo-myin  =  na-^n  last  year 
Wts,;  dran-srdn  rnyin-pa  the  old  rishi,  i.e. 
the  well-known,  of  long  standing,  opp.  to 
a  new-comer  Dzl.  —  myin-ba  vb.,  pf. 
bmyinSy  to  grow  old,  gos  bmyins  old  clothes, 
Uiam  bmyins  old  shoes  Lex.;  myin^bar 
^gyur-ba  id.;  myth-bar  byid-pa  to  wear  out 
or  away  in  a  short  time  DzL 

St'^T  ^^y^^"^'*^^  °'  ^f  ^^  most  ancient 
*  sect  of  Lamas,  clothed  in  red,  v. 

Kopp.;  Schi.  72;  myin-ma-pa  one  belong- 
ing to  this  sect, 

$^j^-q-  myid'pa^  pf.  bmyid,  (b)myisy  fut. 
y^  gnyidy  1.  to  wither,  to  fade,  also  fig. 
—  2.  to  grieve,  (vb.n.)  Sch. 

^^\   %^  myily  snyUy  so-myily  the  gums. 

S^^^'  myil-ba  v.  snyil-ba.  ^ 

ir-q-  myidrpa  I.  vb.,  pf.  bmyedy  bmyesy 
^  '  fut.  bmyedy  (^m)  to  get,  obtain,  ac- 
quire; to  meet  with,  find,  B.y  C,  frq.;  gdn- 


/*  - 


196 


^crj-q-  mydg-pa 


nas  myed  where  did  you  get  that?  DzL<^ 
abo:  whence  shall  I  get  it?  Dzlr,  mi 
myM'du  mi  fun-no  it  must  be  got  or  pro- 
cured by  all  means  Dzl. ;  nas  imyed  I  ob- 
tain; myid'par  dkd'ba  wi[^  difficult  to 
be  obtained,  found,  or  met  with,  frq.;  sditg- 
bsndl  dan  bsdos-te  hs  myM-^a  to  purchase 
the  acquisition  of  religion  by  sufFering  tor- 
tures DzL ;  zas  dan  shorn  mu  myid-de  hav  - 
ing  nothing  to  eat  or  to  drink,  frq.;  don 
my^drfa  v.  don]  da  ni  ri-ba  myM-do  now 
my  hopes  are  realized  DzL\  ffrimyed-pas 
as  he  found  a  knife  DzL\  skabs  myed-pa 
to  find  an  opportunity  DzL]  btsdl-na  yan 
ma  myid:de  not  finding  it  in  spite  of  every 
search  Dzl,  (W.  *fob-^^). 

n.  sbst.  irm  profit,  gain,  acquisition, 
property,  goods,  myedr-pa  m^n-po  myedrpa 
(or  ^fdb'b^)  to  gain  much  profit;  bdag 
myid-pa  dan  Iddn-na  mi  dga  if  1  have 
got  some  earnings,  he  envies  me  for  them; 
often  in  conjunction  with  grogs -pa  and 
similar  expressions :  riches  and  honour.  — 
myed  sdu-ba^  myid-pa  pr6g-pa  Sch.:  to 
make  booty,  to  plunder.  —  myed-bkurLea.y 
prob.  riches  and  honour.  —  i^yed-nor  v. 
fob-n&r, 

^CT-q-  mydg^pa  (cf.  nyog-pa)  vb.,  pf. 
^  '  bmyogs,  fut.  bmyog^  1.  to  trouble, 
to  stir  up  Cs,\  also  adj.:  thicic,  turbid.  *^ 
nydg-pa*  W.  —  2.  to  rub  one's  self,  kd- 
ba-la  against  a  pillar  Dzl,  (snydg-pa).  — 
*nydg{'pd)"dany  nydg-po*  6'.,  troubled,  tur- 
bid, dirty ;  mydg-pa  m^d-pa  clear,  limpid, 
mfso  Wdn.  —  mydg-ma  dirty,  muddy  water; 
mud^  mire,  myog-ma-ban  muddy,  miry. 
^Jn5;r  rnyogs  Lt  ?  myogs  -  fsdd  a  disease 
^  r^     Med. 

^[r'  rnyon  seems  to  be  the  same  as  myi 
^  Lexx,;  mydn-ba,  pf.  bmyonSy  fut.  bmyon 
1.  Cs.:  'to  ensDare,  entrap'.  —  2.  Sch.:  'to 
stretch  out'.  I  met  with  rnyon  in  the  fol- 
lowing expressions,  not  satisfactorily  to  be 
explained  either  by  Cs.  or  by  >^ch. :  rkdn- 
pa  rnyon  Lex.;  dku  ma  myons  Lea:.".,  Itts 
my&n-ba  S.g.;  frq.;  yyal-mydns  S.g.;  mgulr 
rgydb  zug  dan  rnyon  S.g.;  myons -fsdd 
Mng. 


f^ 


S<^^  snydn-pa 

S*^'  snya-ndn  v.  ynya-ndn. 

51'^  snyd^lo  v.  myd-lo. 

snydg-pa^  col.  for  snyig-pa;  also  in 

MU. 

snyags  Lea.  w.e. ;  C.  =  dbyans  music, 

harmony. 

jMc-  snyad  malicious  or  fake  accusation  or 
^  imputation,  myad  Jzitg-pa  {W.  ""tsug- 
b^)  to  bring  in  an  action  against,  to  pro- 
secute; *nyad  du-^e*  W.,  *ny«'  kd^wcf  6'. 
id.,  esp.  to  irritate,  to  provoke  another,  by 
accusations;  snyad  ^ddgs-pa  id.  Glr.;  snyad 
^ddg-pay  W,  *ddg-te*  to  clear  one's  self  of 
an  accusation,  to  refute  it;  snyad  by^d-pa 
cdat.  to  use  as  a  pretence  or  pretext  Glr.; 
*nyf'  bo'  (or  ^')  tdn-wa*  61,  *nyad-si  tag- 
be^  Ld.  to  weary  another  by  too  great 
punctiliousness,  nif.;  ^nor-nydd  bd-b^  W. 
to  extort  money  by  false  accusations^  la 
from;  snyad  midrpar  without  cause,  pre- 
tence, or  provocation  Thgy.;  ^nydd-zer-ban^ 
W.  one  that  makes  false  accusations. 
jMjp-^-  snydd-pa^  p£  and  fut.  bsnyady  imp. 

V  »  snyod,  to  relate,  to  report,  e.g.  to- 
rgyus  a  story  Pth,,  rmi-lam  a  dream  DzL; 
ytam  snyddrpa  1.  to  speak,  state,  inform, 
give  notice  (W.  *hun  tdn-be*).  2.  Cs.:  to 
rehearse' (?). 

syx-  snyan  1 .  resp.  the  ear,  rgydl-poi  snydn- 

V  »  du  fos  it  came  to  the  king's  hearing 
Glr.;  snydn 'du  zus  or  bjyod  they  told  or 
informed  him  Pth.;  snydn -du  zun  listen, 
pay  attention,  give  ear  to!  Pth.;  snydn- 
du  pul  they  sang  to  him  or  before  him 
(lit.  they  made  him  hear)  Mil.  (cf.  sub 
snydn-pa);  snydn-(gyis)  ysdn-pa  to  hear 
Mil.;  snyan -ysdn  bebs-pa  to  give  ear  to 
one,  to  hear  one  Cs.;  *nyin-hi  Jbul-^a^  C 
to  address  a  superior,  to  apply  to  him; 
snyan -kun  the  ear-hole;  snyan- ctbdn  the 
organ  of  hearing  Cs. ;  snyan-sdl  the  lap  or 
tip  of  the  ear  Cs. ;  snyan  -prd  hit -ba  to 
slander,  mi  mi-la  to  calumniate  one  per- 
son to  another.  —  2.  =  ynyan  argali. 

gl^q-  mydn-pa  (ifipO   ^-  ^^^^  renown, 
^  '      glory,  fame,  praise,  rumour,  Hydd-kyi 


§^^  mydb-pa 

snydn-pa  pyogs  bbur  gragn  every  part  of 
the  world  rin^s  with  thy  praise ;  dei  snydn- 
pa  rgydh-Tias  fos  Mil,  his  praises  are  heard 
far  and  wide;  des  del  snydn-pa  brj6d-Hn 
thus  speaking  praisingly  of  him  Mil;  Jf^- 
pai  snydn^a-la  rtM-nas  owing  to  a  ru- 
mour of  this  purport  Mil.;  tes  mydn-pa 
dan  grdgs-pa  ^-po  byun  so  was  said  far 
and  near  Mil.;  del  snydn-du  to  his  praise 
Mil.  (cf.  snyan).  —  2.  adj.,  W,  *nydn-pd^, 
well-sounding,  sweet  to  hear,  of  voice,  words 
etc.;  *fsor'ndh'la  nydvr-po^  W.  pleasant  to 
the  ear;  also:  dgesUn  dbyam  rdb-tu mydn- 
pa  a  monk  having  a  well-sounding  voice 
DzL;  fng  mydn-par  with  pleasant  words 
DzL;  snydn-pai  fsig-gis  id.;  low,  not  loud; 
myan^kdd  also  C:  elegant,  well-sounding, 
poetical  language;  mi  snydn-pa  1.  un har- 
monious; 2.  offensive,  insulting,  gan  iigbddg- 
la  rtsddr'hm  mi-snydn-bryod  he  who  in  a  dis- 
pute says  to  me  insulting  words ;  mi-mydn- 
par  z^r-ba  ddn-du  Un-pa  to  put  up  with, 
to  pocket  offensive  remarks.  3.  lamentable, 
dead  mi  snydn-^a  z^-ba  to  utter  lament- 
able cries,  plaintive  tones,  also  of  animals, 
DzL ;  ytam'8nydn(-pa^  1 .  good,  joyful  news, 
glad  tidings,  byid-pa  to  bring  them  DzL, 
Mil.  2.  a  pleasing  talk,  conversation  Cs.  (?) 

—  snyan-grdga  v.  grdgs-pa.  —  snyan-^^gyud 
oral  instruction  of  the  Lamas,  =*  bka-rgy{id. 

—  snyan '(d)ndg(s)  v.  nag.  —  3.  vb.  to 
praise,  extol,  glorify,  stdd-Hh  snydn-par 
grdgs'te  he  extolled  him  in  songs  of  praise 
Dzl  (?) 

jMq-q*  snydb-pa  to  smack  with  the  lips 
^  Sch. 

xm*q*  snydm-pa  1.  vb.  to  think,  suppose, 
^  fancy,  imagine,  bddg-dag  rin-po-^e 

btan  (better:  ytan)  snydm-mo  we  think  we 
shall  give  jewels  DzL  ^W,  16.;  na  Ideb 
dgos  snydm-nas  thinking,  I  must  seek  death 
(v.  ttib'pa)  Pth.;  ydn-tan  dan  Man -par 
snydm-^te  fancying  to  be  possessed  of  ex- 
cellent qualities  DzL  —  2.  sbst.  thought, 
sense,  mind,  feeling,  cos  byds-na  snydm-pa 
y&n-gin  yda  (cf.  na  III.,  2)  we  have  a 
mind  to  renounce  the  world  Mil.;  simi- 
larly: ojigS'SO  snydm-pa  yod  re-skdn  I  am 


9 


r 


197 


snyin 


far  from  any  thought  of  fear  MU.;  most  frq. 
snydm-du  bsams  he  thought  in  his  mind; 
snyam-byed :  pan  snyam-byM  kyan  though 
one  may  imagine  that  it  will  help  Med.; 
skyug-pa.,  brduns^  dkris  snyam-byid  there 
arises  a  feeling  like  that  of  nausea,  like 
that  of  being  beaten,  of  being  (tightly) 
wrapt  up,  Med, 

§'  snyi  V.  imyi. 

f'O"  s^yi'ba  1.  adj.,  also  snyi-bo,  snyi-mOy 
snyin-po  6s.,  *nyin-f^  W.,  soft,  smooth, 
to  the  touch;  tender,  delicate,  of  the  skin; 
easily  broken  or  injured;  loose,  crazy,  not 
durable,  not  strong  or  stout,  of  cloth, 
ropes  etc.;  not  hard  or  tqugh,  tender,  of 
meat,  rendered  so  by  beating  or  boiling. 
—  2.  sbst  softness.  —  3.  n.  of  a  plant. 

f'SJOJ"  s^y^if5tiZ  corn  of  luxuriant  growth 
^      Sch,  (?) 

§'$r  snyl-ma  prov.  for  snyi-ma ;  also  Glr. 

f- nr'm'er  snyi-san-ka-tya^  and  snyi-^an- 
'       'xi  gur-rta,  names  of  mountains 
in  Nepal. 

^smr-q-  snyigs-pa  degenerated,  grown  worse 
V    '  Cs.  snyigs-ma  (^ir^^T)  1.  impure 

sediment,  mdr-gyi  in  butter;  dans  snyigs 
jyyed-pa  to  separate  the  clear  (fluid)  from 
the  sediment  Med.  —  2.  the  degenerated 
age  (iron  age),  prop.  snyigs-(7nai)'dus, 

fr-  snyin  (^JR)  the  heart  1.  physically, 
also  snyin -ka^  snyih-ga^  resp.  tugs 
(-*a);  also  the  breast;  *nyih-ka  par  -ra 
ra^  W,  I  feel  my  heart  palpitate;  snyin 
jddr-zin  ^l  the  heart  trembles  (with  fear) 
Dcmah;  bddg-gi  lus-kyi  snyin  liar  yces  as 
dear  to  me  as  my  own  heart  Glr.  — 
2.  intellectually:  the  mind,  snyin  dgd-ba, 
snyin  bde-ba  gladness,  cheerfulness ;  snyin 
dan  mig  jpr6g-pa  to  transport,  to  ravish 
Sch.;  courage,  snyin  ma  cun  big  be  not 
afraid !  sentiment,  feeling,  will,  ^nyin  sdg- 
po  td-te  Tna  dag*"  W,  I  have  not  broken 
it  wilfully;  */la  dan  nyi/i  ma  dd-te*  W. 
hypocritical;  *nyih-shn  ddn-po*  W.  sincere, 
candid;  in  a  more  general  sense:  snyin 
yddn-gyis  bslus  the  heart  is  infatuated  by 


o 


snyin 


2^' 


a  demon  Olr,;  even  madness  may  be  at- 
tributed to  the  heart  Do.  —  snyin -nas 
1 .  heartily,  zealously,  earnestly,  e.g.  looking 
for  or  to  a  thing  DzL ;  S7iyin  fdg-pa-nas  with 
all  one's  heart,  most  earnestly,  devoutly, 
e.g.  to  say  one's  prayers  T/u/y.  2.  actually, 
really,  Hon  snyin'-nas  mi  Jbyin-ba  yin  really 
he  does  not  sink!  (the  water  actually  bears 
him)  Mil,    3.  v.  myih-po, 

Comp.  and  deriv.  snyin-ku  v.  nyih-Hu, 
—  snyin-Udms  courage  Sch,  —  ^nyin^iag 
KoP  W,  my  heart's  blood  is  boiling  (with 
anger  etc.)  —  snyih-dgd  v.  above.  — 
myin-can  courageous,  spirited  Ld,  —  ""nyin" 
hi  hi^  W.  afflicted  with  dropsy  in  the  peri- 
cardium, hydrocardia.  —  snyih-ry€y  resp. 
fiigs-rye  (ip^qr)  kindness,  mercy,  compassion, 
mi 'la  snyin- rye  sg&m-pa  to  commiserate, 
to  pity  a  person  Jl///.;  snyin-r)es  kydb-pa 
id.  with  respect  to  a  great  number  of  beings, 
to  embrace  with  affection  Dzl.\  snyin-tyes 
ndn-te  overpowered  by  compassion;  ^nyin- 
he  ts&r-b^  W.  to  have  compassion ;  snyin-rye- 
iany  snyin-^e  dan  Iddn-pa  compassionate, 
merciful  i)2;/. :  snyi/i-r/^-sAod  lamentation, 
a  cry  of  compassion  DzL\  snyin -rje-Tno: 
1 .  kyod  snyin-rje-mo  ran  iig  jiug  you  are 
much  to  be  pitied  Mil.  2.  col.:  dearest, 
most  beloved,  amiable,  charming;  also  snyin- 
r)e  for  snyin-rye-mo^  snyin-rje  mdzd-bo  my 
poor  little  friend.  —  snyin -ny^-ba,  col. 
*nyi7i  ny^-THo*,  friendly,  amicable,  loving, 
affectionate;  friend;  friendship,  snyin-nye  bit- 
mo  a  woman  connected  by  friendship  with, 
a  woman,  the  friend  of  (a  sick  person 
mentioned)  Lt  —  snyin-ytam  a  confidential 
speaking,  for  exhortation,  consolation,  or 
encouragement;  brts^-bai  snyin-ytam  affec- 
tionate exhortation  GZr.;  pdn-pai  snyin- 
ytam  useful  admonition  etc.  Mil,  —  snyin- 
stobs  courage.  —  snyin-^ddd^a  to  wish,  to 
desire,  to  long  for,  za-snyih-jdddrfa  to  wish 
to  eat,  to  be  craving  for  food  Thgy. ;  ^gro- 
snyih  -  ^ddd  -  pa  to  wish  to  go.  —  snyin- 
rdun-ba  palpitation  of  heart  Sch.  —  *nyin 
dan  (etymol.  dubious)  dd-ce*  W,  ccd.  to 
interest  one's  self  for,  to  take  an  interest 
in.  —  myin-sdug  W,  liked,  beloved;  darling, 


snytn 


favourite,  e.g.  a  child;  nyin-dug  hig  dag* 
W,  he  is  a  general  favourite;  *na  di  nyin- 
dtig  bo  duxf^  W,  I  am  very  fond  of  this, 
it  is  my  favourite  (pursuit  etc.);  but  snyin- 
ma-sdug  bad  people  Mil.  —  snyin  nd-ba 
1.  =  snyin-ndd.  2.  'heart-sickness',  grief,  on 
account  of  injury  suffered  from  others, 
curable  only  by  indemnity  paid  or  revenge 
taken.  —  snyin  -  ndd  disease  Of  the  heart. 

—  snin-po  (^tR:?  ^)  ^^  ^^^  P^  ^^^ 
substance,  quintessence,  e.g.  the  cream  of 
the  milk  Med.\  the  soft  part  of  a  loaf, 
the  wick  of  a  lamp  Dzl.\  frq.  fig.:  the 
main  substance  of  a  doctrine,  a  book  etc., 
don -snyin  Jyyin-pa  to  give  a  summary, 
the  sum  and  substance  (of  a  writing); 
shns-can  fams-tdd  sans-rgyds-kyi  snyin-po- 
dan  yin-na  if  all  beings  have  the  pith  and 
essence  of  the  nature  of  Buddha  in  them- 
selves Thgy.  5^8',  the  OmmanipadmehtUn 
is  called  the  snyin -po  of  religion  (?&•.; 
snyiri-po-m^d-pa  worthless,  null,  void,«nym- 
pos  dMn-pa  id.  Tar,  185,2;  de-biin-yhigs- 
pai  snyin-po  the  spirit  of  Tathagata  Wa», ; 
snyiri-po-byah-cub-  (or  by  ah  -  hjibsnyin-po) 
-la  mcis-pa  to  become  Buddha  Thgy.; 
srog(;-gi)  snyin{-po)  Jbul-ba  Mil,  frq,  to  offer 
one's  heart's  blood,  to  pledge  one's  own 
life.  —  snyin -rtsa  (col.)  the  great  veins 
connected  with  the  heart,  perh.  »  snyih- 
luh,  —  snylh-rtse  the  tip  or  apex  of  the 
heart,  mentioned  by  MU.  as  a  particular 
dainty  (perh.  only  by  way  of  a  jest).  — 
snyin-brtse-ba^  resp.  tugs-brtsi-ba^  vb.,  iJso 
sbst.  and  adj.,  not  much  differing  from 
snyHt-^e:  love,  pity  etc.  frq.;  Dzl.:  bH-la 
snyin-brtse-nas;  fams-cdd-la  snyin-brtse^a 
yin-na;  de-dag-la  snyih-brtse-baipyir;  snyih- 
brtse-bai  sems  skyh-te  etc.  —  snyin  -  Mm 
contentment,  satisfaction,  sometimes  also 
pleasure  felt  at  the  misfortune  of  others 
PtJLy  snyih-fsim  ^d£bs-pa  to  manifest  such 
an  enjoyment.  —  snyin-tsil  the  fat  about 
the  heail  Cs.  —  snyin-ho-^a  v.  id-scu  — 
snyin -ruSy  resp.  fugs-rus  (ace.  to  MU.: 
snyih-gi  rus-pa  t&n-par  gyis  let  energy  and 
diligence  arise  in  you);  firmness  of  mind 
(heart)  i.e.  1.  diligence,  zeal,  perseveranee 


wC*^  wyin-ba 


^ 


^^  snt/i-Tna 


199 


Mil.  and  C.  2.  courage  W.  —  myin-re^i 
(myin-K^ej  with  re  placed  between,  v.  re) 
0  the  poor  man!  the  poor  people!  either 
standing  absolute  or  as  predicate  to  a 
preceding  noon:  ^dt-mamssnyin-re-r)^  these 
(people)  are  indeed  much  to  be  pitied 
Mil,]  kyod'Ton  . . .  ^dztn^a snyin-7*e^S you 
(would)  comprehend  that?  poor  wretches 
that  you  are!  Mil.;  even  as  an  adjective: 
sdms-can  ^nyin-re-ryi  the  poor  creatures! 
frq. ;  mjfin-re-TJd'baisdiff'ban  the  lamentable 
sinner!  —  snyin-rlun  Sch.:  'low  spirits, 
melancholy,  mental  derangement';  I  met 
with  it  only  in  MiL ,  as  signifying  heart- 
griefy  deep  sorrow,  e.g.  snyih-rlun  drdg-po 
Idan  great  affliction  is  caused.  —  snyin- 
lam-na  Sch,:  'in  one's  mind\  —  *«wym- 
l&n*  W.  the  heart,  liver,  and  lights  of  a 
slaughtered  animal,  the  pluck.  —  snyin- 
hubs  pericardium. 

gj--q-  myin  -  ba  W.  to  swell  (in  water), 
V  Hvm  nyin  son*  the  soaked   barley 

has  swollen. 

7^  myidrpa  prob.  =  myid-pa  Pth. 

fK'^  swy/cJ-mo  Lex,  the  sister  of  a  wo- 
'       man's  husband. 
w  myin- pa y  snyin-po,  myin-tey  v. 
snyi-ba, 

^rsr(mr")  snyim-pa^-gan)  a  measure 
^  "for  liquids,    as  well   as  for 

fiour^  grain  and  the  like,  as  much  as  may 
be  taken  up  by  both  hands  placed  together. 

§0r  snyil  «=  myil. 

forn'  9nyil-4>aj  or  myil-ba^  pf.  and  fiit. 
bmyil  (ct.  nyil-ba)  1.  to  pull  or 
throw  down,  to  break  down,  to  destroy, 
houses^  rocks  etc.;  pyi  -  mar  snyil  -ba  to 
reduce  to  powder  Lea,,  Sch.  —  2.  pyir 
(bskrad)  snyil -ba  Lex.\  Sch.:  to  expel, 
banish,  exile. 

wqi-q-  snyuy-pay  also  smyiig-pa,  pf .  bsnyugs^ 
%  '  fut.  bsnyug,  to  dip  in,  to  immerge. 
{uqrjT  «w;ytfgr  -  ma,  more  frq.  smyuff  -  wa, 
^  '  reed,  rush,  bulrush;  snyitg-gu  reed- 
pen;  snyHtg-bzo  basket-work  of  reeds  i^.; 
fnyisff-hn  bamboo. 


snyugs  C.  duration,  continuity,  time 

>;j>  Cs. ;  *nyug-ben*  C.  contin  ual ;  snyugs- 

srins  Lea.  protracted,  lengthened  out. 

OTj^goj  snyugs'sbrul  lizard  Sch. 

awr-  snyun^  resp.  for  nad,  W.  ^nyun-zii^, 
%  disease,  illness,  sickness,  btsun-pcd  sku-- 
la  snyuh  mi  mnd  -  am  is  your  Majesty 
well  ?  Glr. ;  snyun-du  mdze  byun  Olr.  leprosy 
arose  to  him  as  a  disease,  he  was  attacked 
with  the  disease  of  leprosy;  snyun  mdzes 
btah  id.  Tar. ;  snyttn-yH  =  ndd-yH. 
-—•g .  snyim-ba  I.  vb.,  pf.  bsnyuns,  fut. 
^  bsnyun,  l.to  make  less,  to  reduce, 
to  diminish;  Sch.:  to  disparage.  —  2.  resp. 
to  be  ill,  sick,  indisposed;  fugs  snyttn-bai 
mi  people  that  are  disagreeable,  annoying 
to  others  Mil. 

n.  sbst.  1.  the  state  of  being  ill,  illness, 
indisposition.  —  2.  W.  awl,  pricker,  punch; 
also  snyun-hu. 

jM^  snyun  —  snyun,  sku-la  snyun-gyis  bzun 
^  '  he  was  taken  ill  Dzl.;  snyun  ^dri-ba 
Mil,  rmi'ba  Sch.,  ysdUba  DzL,  snyun- dri 
hU'ba  MU.,  to  inquire  after  a  person's 
health;  to  wait  on,  to  pay  one's  respects 
Dzl.  VJ^,  16. 

Bg^Zv  snyim-pa^  pf.  and  fut.  bsnyun,  tO 
^  '       be  ill,  to  labour  under  a  disease. 
d*9Cr'  ^^'^^^  ^  village  and  convent  near 
^^     Lhasa. 
^fl'  ^^y^'ba,  pf.  bsnyes,  fut.  bsnye,  imp. 

V  mye  to  lean  against,  to  rest  on,  rtstg- 
pa-la  against  a  wall;  to  lie  down,  recline, 
repose  on,  mdl-stan-la  on  a  bed,  snds-la 
on  a  cushion  or  pillow;  ^gydb-nye*  col. 
a  support  or  cushion  for  leaning  against 
with  one's  back.  —  snye  -  Kri  v.  Uri.  — 
snye-stdn^  snye-Jbdl  pillow  or  cushion  to 
rest  on. 

^jt-  sny4-ma,  also  snyi-ma,  1.  ear  of  com. 

V  2.  com  torming  ears  (v.  Ijan-pa), 
sny^-ma  mig-can  fruitbearing  ears,  *nye- 
Uh*  W.  empty  ears;  ^nye-ma  fan*  W.  the 
com  blows,  is  in  flower;  *nye  cdg-pa*  C. 
to  thrash,  *nye-cdg-gi  dhu^-do*  an  animal 
used  for  treading  out  the  grain.  —  snye- 
dkdr  diseased  ears.  —  snye-ingd^^sny^-ma  1. 


200 


^(^)'Cr  snyeg(s)^a 


^ 


^(i^-q-  snyeg(s)-pa,  pf.  bsnyegs,  fat. 

de*,  1.  c.  accus.  to  hasten  or  run  after,  to 
pursue,  frq.;  also  with  ryds-nas,  ryes  -  su, 
ryh-bHn-dUy  pyi-bzin-du ;  rah-^grd'Sasnyogs 
hasten  towards  your  aim!  Alil ;  snyeg-sar 
snyogs  Lea,  id.;  bsny^g-tUy  or  sny^gs-su 
Jbn-ba  to  walk  hastily,  to  make  haste 
or  speed  Dzl  —  2.  to  overtake,  sny^gs  ma 
nuS'pas  not  being  able  to  reach  Dzl.  — 
3.  c.  dat.  to  hasten  to  some  place,  Itdd^ 
mo-la  to  the  play  Mil.;  to  rise,  yndm-la 
rising  up  to  heaven,  as  a  flame,  Glr,^  a 
cedar  Wdh.^  frq.;  to  strive  or  struggle  for, 
to  aspire  to,  ndr-la  riches,  sde-l^-la  in- 
crease of  territory,  zin-Uam^s-bzan-la  the 
region  of  eternal  bliss.  —  snyeg-ma  pursuer 
Dzl 

W^  snyega  straight,  stretched  out  ScL 

^C'G'  ^^y^^  "  *^  ^  •  i^ist.  of  rmyeh  -  bay  to 
V  stretch  Mil.  —  2.  also  snySns-pay 

resp.  for  Jigs- pa y  vb.  (pf.  bsnyenSy  fut. 
bsnyen)  and  sbst.,  rgydl-pos  ma  snyens  sig 
do  not  be  afraid  of  the  king!    Dzl, 

fr-  snyed  I.  the  crupper  attached  to  a 
'  saddle  Sch,  11.  =  tsam:  1.  Jti-snyM 
(rHg)y  de-sny^d{-cig)  SO  much,  SO  many, 
frq.;  also  for:  how  many!  e.g. .  .  .  ydn-tan 
^di-sny4dmnao  how  many  excellent  qualities 
has  . . . !  Dzl. ;  ci-snyedyji-snyM  how  much? 
how  many?  also  snyed  alone  (examples 
V.  sub  by^-ma).  —  2.  after  round  sums: 
about,  near,  ston  snyed y  also  ston  ji-sny4d 
Mil,  about  a  thousand. 

f^^  snyen-pa  Cs.:  1.  to  come  or  go  near, 
'       to  approach,  gen.  bsny^-pa,  —  2.  to 
gain,  to  procure,  inst.  of  myid-paQ), 

fS^fl^^Zy  snyhn(s)-pa  1.  vb.,  pf.  bsnyemsy 
to  be  proud  or  arrogant,  to  boast, 
na-rgydl  snyems-pas  to  be  swollen  with 
pride  Dzl, ;  mfu-rtsdl  (to  be  proud)  of  one's 
strength  Dzl.  —  2.  sbst.  pride,  haughtiness, 
snySm-pa-can  prideful,  proud,  snyenis-Mn 
1.  pridelese,  humble,  affable,  kind,  col. 
^nyom-cun^y  and  *nyam-mn*.  2.  poor, 
indigent  C. 
^^  snyes  v.  snye-ba. 


^(^•^'  my&m{s)-fa 

S'^'  snyd-ba  sometimes  for  smyo-ba, 

^nq-  snydg-pa,  or  bsnydg-pay  secondary 

V  "^  form  of  myeg-pay  esp.  when  sig- 
nifying to  wish  earnestly,  to  crave  for  or 
lust  after,  also  Ha-snydg-pa  Cs, 

S^'  snyody  —  go-snyddy  caraway. 

S^'^'  8nj/dc?-pa  I.  pf.  bsnyady  1.  to  draw 

V  '  out  and  twist,  as  in  spinning  %,, 
C.  —  2.  Cs,:  to  tell,  to  relate,  =  snyad-pa. 

If.  pf.  bsnyody  bsnyoSy  fut.  bsnyody  to 
feed,  to  give  to  eat  and  to  drink,  ccapir. 

^rcr  ^'^y^  'P^  ^-  ^'  P^-  ^^^  ^^  bsnyoriy 
v<  to  deny,  to  disavow  dishonestly,  Dd, 
99(5,  2;  91P,  8  to  assert  falsely,  snyon  byidr 
pa  Glr,  —  2.  *nyon  du-ce*  W.  is  said  to 
signify  the  same  as  *nyad  du-ce*  v.  snyad. 

II.  inst.  of  smy6n-pa. 
Kn'^'  snydb-pay  pf.  bsnyabsy  fut.  bsnyab 

V  1.  to  stretch  out,  e.g.  the  hand,  Lex. 

—  2.  W,  to  reach,  by  stretching  one's  self 
out,  to  arrive  at,  *nyob  mi  tub*. 

^^^  snyobs  =  snyoms  Lex. 

»5J(^y  ^nyom{s)y  Lex.  =  j(fi^  1. 1.  weari- 

V  ^  ^  ness,  lassitude;  laziness,  idleness, 
lus  snyoms  -IM-ba  yin  one  is  exhausted 
and  dull  Med. ;  sny&ms  -  la  nul  -  6a  to  be 
tired  and  exhausted.  —  snydms-las  1,  in- 
dolence, unconcern,  esp.  religious  indifference, 
Glr,;  snydms-las  byM-pa,  or  drdn-pa  Glr. 
to  be  lazy,  indolent,  indifferent;  sny&ms- 
his-can  adj.  lazy  etc.  Glr.  —  2.  Sch,:  an 
idle  person  (?). 

II.  col.,  also  MU,y  inst.  of  snyems. 
"^^(^YZV  snydm(s)-pa  I.  vb.,  pf.  bsnyoms, 

V  fut.  bsnyomy  to  make  even  1.  to 
level,  ynas  a  place,  DzL;  sd-la  snyoms-pa 
to  level  with  the  ground,  to  demolish  Dd. 

—  2.  pan-fsun  to  equalize  different  things, 
to  arrange  uniformly,  zas  one's  meals,  i.e. 
not  cold  and  warm  promiscuously  Thgy,; 
to  level,  to  reduce  to  an  equality  of  con- 
dition, Itogs-pyug  rich  and  poor  (according 
to  the  principles  of  the  communists)  Glr,]. 
similarly  bu-lon  Tar.  74;  fams-cdd-la 
sny6ms-na  bdag  kyah  sny&ms -par  mdzad 


Sar«r  mydUba 


201 


^»^'^'  bmyir-ba 


fid  1  wish  to  be  treated  fairly  like  any 
other  people  DzLT^'^  Kd-lo  snydms-pa  to 
regulate  (a  matter),  to  manage  or  direct 
(a  business)  justly,  uniformly  GZr.  —  snyom- 
du  medy  he  has  not  bis  like  DzL;  *tag 
nyom-la*  C  always  uniformly,  without 
variation. 

II.  sbst.,  also  btan-snydmSy  evenness, 
or  calmness  of  mind,  equanimity,  snydms- 
par  Jfiff'pa  to  assume  it,  =  sems  mnydm- 
par  hidg-pa,  v.  mnydm-pa,  —  snyoms- 
Jug  byed-pa  1 .  id.,  2,  eupbem.  for  Jing- 
pa  spyod-pa.  —  mgo-^ny&ms  impartial  MiL 
—  my&ms'po  equal,  even,  uniform,  e.g. 
in  every  part  equally  thick. 
^Jjrq*  snydl'buy  pf.  and  fut.  bsnyal  (of. 
y  nydUba)  1.  to  lay  down;  to  bed  a 
person,  to  assign  him  his  couch  or  bed 
Pth,\  ^tu-gu  mdl-du*  C,  (to  lay)  a  child 
on  its  bed,  to  put  to  bed;  *nydl'te  hdg- 
pa*  C,  b&r  'ce  W.y  to  lay  or  put  down, 
opp.  to  lan-te  etc.,  to  set  or  place  upright, 
to  set  on  end,  e.g.  a  book.  —  2.  fig. :  *me 
nydlrwa*  C.  to  put  the  fire  to  bed,  i.e.  to 
scrape  it  together  and  cover  it  with  ashes; 
spw  mydlr^a  to  smooth  down  the  bristlbg 
hair,  i.e,  to  abate  one's  anger;  can^  iOy 
myol  -  6a  to  allow  the  beer  to  ferment, 
the  milk  to  curdle,  in  a  state  of  rest  (un- 
disturbed). 

qx-q- frrwya-6a,  pf.  btmyas,  1.  to  borrow 
^  DzL  VP,  12.  14;  W^,  6.  2.  to  seize 
by  force,  to  usurp  8ch, 

^iC"  bmyan  Lex.  prob.  =  i^ydh-pa. 

^S^'^T  bmydd-pa  for  b^nydd-pa, 

ajLTSr  bmydn-pa  Cs,  to  borrow;  h^nydn- 
^  '  po  borrowed;  also  fig.:  borrowed, 
reflected,  fzugs-bmydn  (J^ex,  snan-bmydn) 
a  reflected  image  ||fj|fqj4|.frq.;  also  image, 
picture  in  general;  even  a  little  statue 
ftA.;  i*mi  '  lam  '  gyi  yzugs-bmydn  vision, 
visionary  image;  sgra^bmydny  Jlffpa7{  re- 
flected sound,  echo;  mgo-hmydn  a  mask, 
a  fearful  apparition  Thgr,^  mgo-bimydn 
ser-po  Sc/U.  234.  —  pyag-bmydn  servant 


Cs.  —  bmydn-poi  gos  Cs.:  'a  garment 
marked  with  the  figures  (sic)  of  the  rain- 
bow' —  h^nydn-poi  bmyas  Lex.  interest 
for  a  loan,  rent  for  things  borrowed  Sch. 

qarq%v^  fyimydbs-pa  diligence,  painstaking; 

y^         to  take  pains  Sch. 
Q^^^  f^^^y^^'P^  !•  borrowed,  v.  bmyd- 

II.  1.  to  despise,  contemn  c.  dat.,  frq.; 
ma  bmyds  sig  do  not  despise !  Dzl. ;  bmyas 
smdd'pa  id.  Dzl.  —  contempt,  bimyds-pa 
byed'pa^  W.  *nya-se  tdg-ce*,  ccd.  to  despise, 
to  treat  contemptuously,  frq.;  hmyas-bcos 
{Thgy.  bmyas-^os)  contempt,  scorn. 

^i^^'  bmyons  convenient,  suitable  Sch. 

n^m^zr  bsnyigs-pa  1.  to  return,  restore, 

V  I         deliver  up  Cs.  2.  sediment 

««mi-  bsnyug  full  Sch.;  skyu-gan  bsnytig 
^   '  Lex.  a  full  draught  (?). 

^§^^  bsnyul-ba  to  wash  Lex. 

n^x'n'  bsnyhi-pa  1.  to  approach,  to  come 
^  ^  near,  c.  dat.,  also  drun-du^  Uo-boi 
drun  -  du  bsnyen  big  come  to  me  Dzl. ; 
gom-pa  re-ri  b&r^lin  JH-ba-la  bsny^n-pa 
Itar  as  with  every  step  we  come  nearer 
to  our  death  Thgy.;  to  join,  to  stick  to  a 
person  Dzl.  —  2.  to  propitiate,  soothe, 
satisfy,  a  deity  Cs.  —  3.  to  accept,  receive, 
admit  W.;  bsnyen-par  rdzdgs-pa  to  be  or- 
dained, consecrated,  frq.;  c.  las  by  Tar. 
—  dge- bsnyen  v.  dgd-ba.  —  bsnyen- bkur 
reverence,  veneration,  respect,  byM-pa  to 
pay  one's  duty  or  respect,  esp.  to  the 
priesthood  by  various  services,  ^a-k  bsnySn- 
pa  byds'te  Dzl.  and  elsewh.,  frq.,  also 
bsnyen-zin  bkur-ba  Glr.y  and  "^nyen  kur-c^ 
W.;  bsnySn-bkur  lu-ba  to  ask  permission 
for  performing  such  services  Mil.  —  bsnyen- 
bsgrub  priestly  function,  religious  office, 
esp.  mags  q.  v.  —  bsnyen -ynds  fasting, 
abstinence ;  bsnyen-ynds  srun-bay  W.  *zum- 
ce*y  to  abstain  from  food,  to  fast. 

— rj^.— •  bsnyer-ba  to  make  grimaces  or 

V  gesticulations  Cs. 

13* 


202 


qf^'^'  hmyiUba 


^'^^  td-bag 


q^q-q-  hsnyeUa,  Lexx.:  resp.,  to  forget;     q^  ^^^^^  ^   ^^y^ 
V  bsnuel^med  not  forgettinff  or  for-         v  ' 


bsnyel-med  not  forgetting 
lindfal;  bsnyel-ysd-ba  to 
to  put  one  in  mind  of  a  thing  Af^.  7^ 


getful,  mindful;  bsnyel-ysd-ba  to  remind,     q^f^-q-  bsnyar-ba^  Lex,  Tias  bmydr-ba^ 

V  ace.  to  ScL:  to  sift  barley. 


f 


P'  ^,  the  letter  t^  cerebral  ^  SsA.  ^. 

^-Aa,  i/iTw/.  ^JUJT  in  W,  imaginary 
q;    coin,  money  of  account,  =  2  paisa  or 
Id.  —  Different  from  it  is 


fT 


tasn-ka^  tan-ka^ 


i/tW.  ^1^  1.  in  C,  \  rupee  ==  9d,,  v. 
also  jcod'tan  (v.  ycod-pa  comp.).  —  2.  a 
gold  and  silver  coin  Tar,  112,  6.  —  3. 
W,  money  in  general. 

5^^-,  ^r^is'  .^*'r^rf,  ^r/-A^  card,  ticket; 
\    H'  V   n  postage-stamp. 


^  ^^    5^  "^.^^  ^^  O^TUk^ 


? 


?*  da,  the  letter  d,  cerebral  dj  Ssk.  ^. 

^•^  d^  -  4t  (^T^  Hind, :  'husband  of  a 
a^  '  Ddkinty  Shaksp,)  in  Mil,  prob.  =  2)a- 
Hnz,  mUd-^gro-nna, 

'       ^ '  '  ^  small  tympan  or  drum,  with 


a  handle  and  two  balls  fastened  to  it  by 

a  strap. 

pjjy  daky  gen.  *drag*y  Hind, :  ^r^,  the  posl, 

o,     letter-post 

--.%  dan  -  diy  Hind,  ^1^,  the  beam  of 

'  '   '     a  pair  of  scales;  a  kind  of  litter. 


■?' 


'j 


tay  1.  the  letter  t,  tenuis,  French  t.  — 
3.  inst.  of  btagsy  v. 


common 


2.  num.  fig. :  9. 
ya-btags, 

c-m-^'  td'ka^-i  {Hind,  ^4,\^4\) 
'  '  scales,  Ld. 
q-m-  td'kii  W,  stick  with  a  hook,  hooked 
'  ND  cane ,  crutch ;  *to  -ku-  m  -  hi*  I  A. 
crooked,  contracted,  crippled. 


^^\x:  td-gir  W,  bretd,  esp.  the  flat  bread- 
'  '  cakes  of  India,  commonly  called 
^chapdtee^  "^  ^cu-ta-gir*  Ld,  boiled  flour- 
dumplings;  *ful'ta-gif^  pancakes. 
c-q*  td'ba  (Pers.  LLj)  gen.  *to>*  W.  a 
^  flat  iron  pan  without  a  handle. 
^rnqv  ^'^^9  ^-^  ^dr-Jbag  6*.,  a  plate, 
^       '  *td-ba^  duUddl*  W.y  '*{ei^-{h*  C.y  a 


To  ;  ^/  { r  ^  .  u    .  ix  V4.''  t  v^  C'  n    e :  rvi 


t)'^' 


flat  plate,  *h>r'k&i^  a  deep  plate,  soap- 
plate, 
c-q;^-  ^rt-to-  (spelling?)  PT.  fence  of  boards 

or  laths, 
crgm*  ta-zig^  or  ta-zig-yvl^  Persia,  ta-zig 

(rV^)  ^  Persian. 

y^'^'   ta-ra^tse   (Pers.  ^\\j)   W.  a  small 

pair  of  scales,  goldweights. 

^^'  ta-r^  V.  re, 

KOI'  ^«-^«  1-  m^  *e  palmyra  tree,  Bo- 
'  rassus  ftabellifoi^mn  (not  the  date- 
tree  ti.)  fi.  —  2.  In  more  recent  times, 
and  already  in  Mil,  td-la  seems  to  denote 
the  plantain  or  banana  tree,  Mtcsa  para- 
dmuca. 

yoTOi"  ta-la-la  Lex.  lamp,  lantern. 

c^mS'q-^'  ta-lai'  bid  -  ?na  (ta-Uti  Morig, 
^  ^  ocean,  sea),  the  Dalai  Lama, 
V.  Hue.  n.,  155.  K&pp.  II.,  120. 
rm-CTi'  tag-tag  W,  the  imitative  sotmd  of 
'  '  '  '  knocking,  *tag-tdg  zet*  there  is  a 
knock,  *tag'tdg  co-de*  to  knock  at  the  door. 

^'  tow  through,  v.  to/i  and  Iten, 

cr-m^   tow  -  kun  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb 

^W  tun-ga   v.  F^'  tan-ka, 

^^'0^'  tatkd'la  Ssk.  the  present  moment 

cgrrx-  tan-dur  lA,  a  sort  of  hjird  cake 
'  '\6  or  bread,  resembling  biscuit  or 
rusk. 

W«OT'  tab-tab  v.  toi-to'i. 

lyrrx*  tar  -tar  ^  *tar  -  tar  -  c6  -  te*  Ld,  to 
'  '  smooth  (wrinkles  or  folds  in  cloth, 
paper  etc.) 

^QTCr  ^^^^y  ^''  tdlPtna^  Ck;  'a  moment', 
'  Sch, :  ^quick,  decisive,  penetrating' ; 

tdl-par,  Cs,  also  tdl-mar,  1.  instantly, 
immediately,  quickly  C,  e.g.  son  go  without 
delay!  I^x,  —  2.  Sch.:  completely,  quite 
through,  ycdd-pa  to  hew,  to  cut  (quite 
through),  JyigS'pa  to  bore  through,  to 
perforate;  also  to/  Jxiys-pa, 


^ 


-  203 


tin 


KQJ'n*  tdl-ba  a  tool  with  holes  in  it,  used 

'  by  nailers  Sch, 

gv  ti  l.num.  fig.:  39.  ~  2.  Not  originally 


"7 


Tibetan,  designating  'water';  this  word 


has  found  its  way  into  L^.,  where  it  how- 
ever occurs  only  in  *lcd-ti*  saliva  (water 
of  the  mouth),  and  in  *nd-ti*  mucus  (run- 
ning from  the  nose).  —  3.  v.  spyi, 

^^'  ti-ka  (^tm)  explanation,  commentary. 

^_.  u-fug,  (Sch,  yti'fug)  bad,  mean, 
^^'  silly  Cs.;  obstinate,  stubborn  Schr, 

yclCT'  ti-ndg  heath-cock  Sch. 

g^gv-  tf-pi(?)  W.  cap,  hat  (from  the  Hind, 

;^  ^"?^9  6VA.:  ti-pu  mjug-rin  pheasant 

^^'    ti-tsa  Stg.y  tu-fsa  Sch,,  anvil. 

P*^'  ti-fsa  1.  Og-fm  zinc  Med,;  ti-tsa  s^r- 
'  po  cadmia,  calamine  (?)  Med,  —  2.  a 
musical  instrument,  constructed  of  metal 
Sch, 

g^^  Pi^.  ti-sCy  te-se,  the  snow- peaks 
^  '  ^  around  the  lake  Manasarowar 
in  MnainSy  which  are  considered  to  be  the 
highest  and  holiest  of  mountains. 
Sq^'  tig  1.  also  tig- tig y  IjCx,  w.e.;  Sch,: 
'  '  'certainty,  surety;  certain'.  In  col. 
language  *%,  dig^  tig,  iig*,  is  frq.  used 
for:  to  be  sure!  well,  well!  very  right!  also 
as  an  adj.:  nor-dag  tig-tig  the  right,  the 
lawful  heir.  Cf.  *o9^^;  tig  Itd-h,  tig  tsam*, 
tig  -  tsdd  V.  sub  tig.  —  2.  Sik,  the  great 
hornet 

S^fiiT'  tig-ta  (from  f^nm  ^^e  n.  of  several 
'  '  ^  bitter  herbs,  e.g.  of  Gentiana  Chi- 
rayta)  several  species  of  gentian. 
§^^<3r  ^'^^^^  ^^v  tig-ts^  lA.y  the  ribands 
'  '  ^  which  are  wound  round  the  felt- 
gaiters  that  cover  the  lower  part  of  the  legs. 

y^'<3&'  tig-tsa  «=  ti-tsa, 

W|  A^T  tig^ng  Sp,  inst.  of  ta-gir, 

P^-  tin  1.  a  small  cup  of  brass  used  esp. 
'  in  sacrificing.  —  2.  the  sound  of  me- 
tal, *tif)  zer-ra  rag*  W,  I  hear  a  tinkling. 
"^T^ljZk'  S'WvAX^.  c^vk^^  *^^^^  t^ 


Yl-vvw^ 


"^  o-vi/  K^^  I 


204^ 


,  IfZCf 


^CCQ^E^'  tih-ne-^dzin 


"i 


y^-^r 


tO'tthlin^lm 


^  ^  '  Was.  also  iiniMpti)  contem- 
plation, profound  meditation,  perfect  ab- 
sorption of  mind,  cf.  bsam-ytdfiy  and  sgdm- 
pa;  Un-ne-^dzin  bydd-pa  Sch.^  gen.  Un-ne- 
Jtzin-du  Jug- pa  to  be  absorbed  in  deep 
meditation;  tin-ne-^dzin  Jtrun  devout  me- 
ditation takes  place;  also  meton.:  the  fa- 
culty, the  power  of  meditating  e.g.  pel  Mil. 

K^'gC;'  Uh-^rjin  Sik\  8hrew(-mouse). 


r  tin-tin  dean,  well-swept  Ld,,  Ts. 

^C    tin-ti-lin  Snipe  Ld. 

qr^/^jr\nTmv  tin  {'tin) 'hags  little  bells 
7    ^/  -^   r     moved  by  the  wind  Sch, 
Sb'^ClJ"  ^^%  resp.  ysol'tiby  tea-pot,  zam- 
'  tib  a  copper  tea-pot,  rdza-Ub  an 

earthen  tea-pot. 

^"2^'  tim-pi  Mil  goat's  leather,  kid-leather, 
^        from  India,  dyed  green  or  blue. 

^•^  tim-hi  Ts,  funnel. 

^hy  /^7  (f?f?3r)  sesame,  til-mdr  sesame-oil, 

'      seed-oil. 

^'  tu  I,  num.  fig.:  69.  —  2.  an  affix, 
\l  denoting  the  terminative  case,  or  the 
direction  to  a  place,  joined  to  the  final 
consonants  g  and  b;  ct  du^  ru,  su. 

c-qcn-  i^-pag  {Turk  ^^)  W,  gun,  mus- 
>2  '  ket,  fire-lock,  fowling-piece,  *gydb'bS^ 
to  discharge,  fire  off;  ^tu-pag-man*  gun- 
powder. 

n-T^rry  tu-ni-ka  Ma,  the  Turks,  Turkomans, 

7n^  'I  

^S'  tU'tsa  v.  ti'tsa, 

^'Qv  tu'ld  (Ssk,y  Hind.)  a  balance,  pair  of 
NSra,    scales,  C\  *tu-la  tig-pa*  to  weigh. 

W1'§|^'(5^^2TI'  tug-gin  jdug  'cannot'  Sch,  (?) 

cnrxr*  tug-ri/i^  or  tug- cum ,  prob.  also 
nS  '  tug-cim^  Cs,:   a  wooden  rattle's 

sound  or  noise;  Sck.  also:  the  trotting  of 
horses  heard  in  the  distance;  titg-9in-can 
Stg,  noisy  (?). 
W'  tub  J  tub  ycig-tu  rgyiid-dof 


Cfl'rai'  ^^^.9  ^^'  w.e.;  Sch,:  'either  — 
Nb  Nb  or,  whether  I  be  able  (to  do  it) 
or  not'  (?). 

^^R'  tur-ba  (?)  W.  to  darn  (stockings). 

c;^'5'  ticr-re  clear,  distinct,  syn.  to  iml-le; 
x^  yid  tar -re  ^dug  it  is  clear  to  my 

mind;  tiir-re  bzun  Mil.  prob.  watch  it! 
have  a  sharp  eye  upon  it!  ie-sddn  hm 
dogs  tur-re  gyis  Mil.  take  care  lest  an  emo- 
tion of  anger  arise  in  your  mind!  tur-gyu 
sad  Mil.  prob.:  he  awakes,  stirs,  is  eri- 
dently  roused;  tur^re-ba  Glr.;  adj.  (or  ab- 
stract noun),  rjed -yen -mid-par  tur-re-ba 
clear,  firm  with  regard  to  perceptions,  opi- 
nions etc.,  without  omission  or  digression. 
P'  te  1.  num.  fig.:  99.  —  2.  an  affix  de- 
^  noting  the  gerund,  and  used  after  the 
final  letters  w,  r,  Z,  s  (v.  Grammar),  to  be 
translated  by  the  participle  in  ing,  or  sen- 
tences beginning  with  when,  after,  as  etc.; 
also  used  as  a  finite  tense  (though  seldom 
in  J5.),  and  in  that  case  followed  by  ^dug 
or  yod^  or  also  without  these  words:  *ddd- 
de^dug*  I  sit  W.;  jgro-ba  yin-te  Mil.  I  go. 
c^qx-  ti-p(yi'  Lex.  =  ligs-par;  Sch.:  very, 
^  really,  actually. 

^2j^'  ti-bor  Sch.  constantly,  continually. 
^^'  te-se  V.  tt-se. 

^  '  pa,  to  pack  up,  put  up;  to  put  in 
or  into,  *'aw  -  bag  -  la*  into  one's  bosom; 
*tag-fut*  or  *tug*  preparations  for  a  jour- 
ney, *tan-te*  W.  to  make. 
?-Q-  teuf  Ld.-Glr.  {Schl.  f.  25,  b);  teu  sk- 
' '^  po;  Mil.  59,  4  of  my  edition;  Lex.: 
teu  mi-fcrij  where  Sch.  translates:  a  square 
table. 
S:qw  til-pa  Cs. :  an  instrument  for  burn- 

^  ing  Med. ;  ledgs-tel  such  an  instru- 

ment of  iron  Cs.;  sprd-tel  Lt.f 
-i^  to  I.  num.  for  129.  —  2.  affix  added 

'     to  certain  verbs,  when  they  terminate 
a  sentence. 
"^^fqt'fSjt;'   to-to-lirUin  W.,  an  adv.  de- 

^  '  noting   a   swinging   motion; 


hence  ^tO'to-ldn-Un  sed  s^-de*  to  play  at 
swinging,  to  swing. 

"yor  to-la  for  tU'la  C. 

T^'  *^9  1-  (%5   6b.;  ihe  top  of  any  things 

^'  a  top  ornament';  esp.  the  button  on 
the  cap  of  Chinese  dignitaiies^  as  a  mark 
of  distinction;  tog-dkdr^  ^Tl^?  ^-  ^^  Bud- 
dha in  paradise  (dga-lddn)  before  his  in- 
carnation Ld.'Glr.  8,  a.;  vidmi-tog  point, 
thorn,  nail.  —  2.  for  tog^  and  thus  prob. 
also  used  in  skabs-tog  now,  at  present  Ld. 
ISqyBT  if^g-^g^ct-,  tdg-tog-sgra  Lex,,  a  rolling 

^   '  ^    sound   Sch ,    ace.  to   Wdn.  also  a 
cracking  sound. 
"^^Q)'  tog- til  a  bump,  a  swelling,  by  a 

'      ^       knock  against  the  head. 
"&]'5^  %-fe^  W.,  tdg-rfse  Lex.,  hoe,  mat- 

^'      tock,  pickaxe   W,  (in  6'.  Jar);  </j</- 
/ra^s  the  iron  of  the  hoe,  tog^/u  the  handle 
of  it;  tog-leb  a  spade  (?)  Cs. 
"g^^g^'qr'q*  to/i'ton  byid'pa  Lex,,,   Sch.: 

^     ^    ^  ^       to  perforate;   to  produce  a 
whirling  noise. 
1^%'  tob'H  W,  button,  *fdA-tY  brgydb-^e* 

^  to  button  up;  cf.  fdb-hi;  (buttons 
are  not  in  general  use  in  Tibet). 

T^rgq-jT-n'  tob-tdb  mnrd-ba  to  talk  con- 
~  ~  ^  fusedly  ScL ;  W, :  *tab  -  tab*, 
or  ^tab'tdb  ma  co*  keep  your  temper!  do 
not  talk  with  such  agitation! 

l^'Sf  tou'lo  polecat  Sch, 

tolf  Mng,  bem-tdlf  Sch.  tol-ycdd-pa  = 

tal^ycod-^a  q.v. 
M;r^  trdm-pa  hard  (of  rare  occurrence); 
"^  ha-trdm,  rm-tram,  rtsa-ti^amy  tram- 

dkdr,  tram-ndg,  are  different  species  of 
gout  Med, 

^n|^'  tri'ked  v.  ti-ked. 

^^(Or\  tri'hu^'la),  from  f^nw  trident 
-^nJ^     ^  Wdk. 

c'^^  tre-tre-hx)  (by  the  context)  a  dan- 
'^  ^  ^  gerous  disease  of  the  stomach  or  a 
serious  symptom  of  it  Pth. 

5'^'^^  tre-ba-can  coloured  Sch, 


1  ^i'^K^^^^^'^^'^^'^'^'^f^-*^  d^<'^ 

R'?J5^'  ^''^"^"^  ^  medicine  in  the  shape  of 
"^  a  powder  Med, 

>i'  ^row  diligence,  industry  Cs.;  ^ow  Ay^J- 
"^  '  pa  to  be  diligent,  to  exert  one's  self. 
qgCT'qBfr*  yio^-yton  Lex,  w.e.;  ytag-yton- 

'  ^   '    '  '^  .   6a  to  disperse  Sch. 
zxr^xnv  ytan'7'dg  thanks,  thanksgiving,  and 

'  ^         '   prob.  also  thank  -  offering,   esp. 
rendering  thanks  to  a  deity ;  ytan-rdg  byid- 
pa,  Jnil'ba  Mil,.,  Lt,  W,  ^do-ce,  pul-ce*  to 
render  thanks. 
CTcr*  yi^d  (v.  ytod-pa),  in  the  direction  of, 

'  ^  '  towards,  yf/dn-gral-du  ytad  pyin-^as 
going  towards  the  left  end  of  the  row  Glr, ; 
*doh'tdd*   W.  directly  opposite,  just  over 
against. 
CTcr'n*  ytdd'pa  1.  vb ,  v.  ytdd-pa,  also 

•^  '  brtdd^a.  —  2.  sbst.  hold,  steadi- 
ness, firmness,  ytddrpa-^med  it  has  no  hold, 
no  firmness  Mil,',  ytad-med  J^dl-ba  Zam, 
prob.  to  vacillate,  to  waver,  to  be  unsteady. 
rer'^  ytdd'so  a  refuge,  resource,  esp. 

'  ^  '        store  of  provisions ;  *^"-«o  idg-pa* 
('.  to  procure  such  a  store. 
re<3r /n'\  ytdn^-^a)  Cs, :  'series,  order,  sys- 

''^  ^^  tern;  a  bar  for  a  door  ;  Sch, 
also  'anvil',  and  'to  lock  up'.  People  from 
(J,  knew  only  one  signification  oiytdn-pa, 
viz.  mortar,  =  ytun;  bar,  door-bar  occurs 
in  sgo-ytdn  C,  and  W,  But  a  different 
word  seems  to  be  ytan:  1.  order,  system, 
in  the  current  phrase  ytdii4a  Jbibs-pa  to 
put  in  order,  to  arrange,  to  reduce  to  a 
system,  bre-srdn  measure  and  weight  Glr,, 
the  Tibetan  alphabet  Glr,,  the  civil  law 
and  the  canon  law  Glr,,  laws,  books,  =  to 
compose,  draw  up,  write  Glr,',  ran-shm 
ytan -pa  in  a  mystic  sense:  to  regulate, 
compose,  and  purify  the  mind  Glr,;  also 
to  fashion,  to  train  C,  to  set  right  MU. 
(Cf.  bsam-ytdn,)  —  2.  duration,  perh.  also 
entireness,  completeness,  hence  ytdn-gyi 
constant,  continual, /'ton-orro^s  consort,  part- 
ner for  life  Mil,;  ytan-inid  Sch,:  'perish- 
able, without  duration  or  continuity' ;  ytan- 
du  1.  always,  continually,  for  ever,  ytdn- 
du  bzugs-pa  living  there  continually  Tar. 
2.  entirely,  completely  (which  is  the  usual 


206 


^''^'d^'W  yUtn-fsigs 


■? 


^^^r  yti^mug 


signification  of  yfan-du)  e.g.  to  cut  oflF,  to 
deliver  completely ;  ytdn  -  ?ufs  id. ;  ytan- 
Krigs  agreement,  stipulation,  convention, 
ytan-h^igs  by^d-fa  MiL 

Note.  Owing  to  its  second  signification 
ytan  is  often  confounded  with  brtan(^o)^ 
or  even  with  bsfan('pa).  Not  only  illiter- 
ate people,  but  well-educated  Lamas  from 
C.  were  occasionally  doubtful  as  to  the 
correct  spelling  of  this  \Vord. 

''^  '  '  '^i.34:4:yta7i'fsigS'kt/i  d€'fJo'7ia- 
nyid  bstdn-pa  =  ^j^t4^M^1()  1  •  argument, 
syllogism  Cs.;  evidence  before  a  court  of 
justice  DzL  99^^  6.  —  2.  &ch,:  a  standing 
proposition,  indisputable  point  Thgy,  (where 
in  my  iV/s.  bt'tan-tdgs  is  erron.  written;  v. 
the  note  to  the  preceding  word).  —  3. 
logie,  dialectics  6s. ;  ytan  -  fdgs  -  mM  -par 
smrd-ba  is  in  Stg,  the  term  applied  to  a 
kind  oi  kydl-ka^  evidently:  illogical,  ir- 
rational talk;  ytan-fsigS'Su blM-nas  Gh\  96. 
wishing  to  clear  up,  to  render  evident  (?) ; 
ytan-fsigs-mMan  dialectician,  logician. 
qc^.  ytam  (^^fT)  talk,  discourse,  speech, 

''^  1.  in  a  general  sense:  *tom  ag-pa^ 
6'.,  *tom  Hg-Hg*  W,,  that  is  one  and  the 
same  talk,  that  means  the  same;  ytam 
bsdur-ba  to  compare  depositions,  to  exa- 
mine, to  try  judicially,  *tam-d'ur^  W,  trial, 
judicial  examination.  —  2.  news^  tidings, 
intelligence,  ytdvi  bzdn-po  good  news;  pyis 
ytam  mi  Jiug  after  which  there  are  no 
further  accounts  MIL ;  *tam  sdd-ce^  to  tell 
a  tale,  a  story  W.;  report,  rumour,  fame, 
de  pul  z^r-bai  ytam  rgydl-pos  tds-nan  when 
the  king  heard  the  report  that  . . .  had 
been  delivered  up  Pth,\  fag-rirl-gi  ytam 
fame  of  remote  matters  or  events;  bddg- 
gis  ytdm-du  tds-na  as  I  have  learned,  have 
been  told  Dzl  —  3.  section,  chapter  Tar.^ 
frq. 

Phrases,  ytuvi  gUh-ba  /S.O.,  Dzl.^  ytdm- 
du  gWi'ba  Dzl.  to  speak,  to  converse,  to 
discourse;  ytum  byed-pa^  smrd-ba^  zer-ba 
id.;  ytam  fryar  o^^^^  I  ^^^1'  g^  ^^d  speak 
to  him  DzL;  the  genit.  preceding  ytam 
always  denotes  the  person  or  thing  spoken 


of,  not  the  person  speaking;  ci-ltar  gyur- 
pal  ytam  byas  he  gave  an  account  of  the 
manner  how  it  had  happened  Dzl.;  mfun- 
pai  ytam  byM-pa  to  negotiate  about  peace 
Glr,\  cosQ-kyi)  ytam  byH-pa  to  begin  a 
religious  conversation  Mil.;  na  de-Uar  hyed- 
pai  ytam  mi  -  la  ma  lab  do  not  tell  any 
body  that  I  am  doing  this  Mil. ;  in  a  si- 
milar manner:  mi  lim-bai  ytam  bsgrdg-go 
he  shall  declare  it  to  be  unbecoming  Thgr,; 
pa  -  mdi  ytam  dris  he  inquired  about  his 
parents  DzL ;  bu-moi  ytam  fos  he  heard  of 
the  girl  DzL 

Comp.  ytain-rgytui  tradition,  oral  account; 
dei  ytam-^t'gyud  the  legend  of  him.  —  ytam^ 
nd7i  ill  report,  slander.  —  ytam^nydn  joyful 
news,  glad  tidings,  sgrdg-pa  to  annoonce 
Mil.  —  ytam-bsdiir  v.  above.  —  ytdm-dpe 
a  proverb,  a  saying  Cs.  —  ytam-rtsiib 
rough  speech,  abusive  language.  Note.  Id 
W.  *(s)pd-ra*  is  more  in  use  than  *tam*. 

cnKj(^yq' r^«Ks) -i^«  1-  adj  full,  spd- 
'^  gn  ytdm(s)'2)a  quite  full  of 

razors  Thgy.;  also  I^'xx.\  more  frq.  it  is 
spelled  {b)ltdm[s)-pa.  —  2.  vb.  to  appoint, 
to  commission,  of  rare  occurrence.  —  3. 
sbst.  Cs. :  a  term  for  a  thousand  billion, 
yet  V.  the  remark  to  dkngs-pa. 
qicQY»'N  ytd{'7na)  Lej-.v.  (cf.  yte-pa)  pawn, 
'  ^  pledge,  ytd^m^r  ^jug-pa  to  pawn, 

to  give  as  a  pledge,  ytd-via  blu-ba  to  re- 
deem a  pledge  Cs  ;  ^ndr-ta*  W.  jewels, 
precious  stones,  given  as  a  pledge  (f«.; 
'pecuniary  security,  bail');  mi-yta  a  hos- 
tage Cs. 

re;^'q-  ytdr-ba,  with  /crag,    tO  bleed,  to 
^^  let  blood  Med.;  ytdr^-bar)  byed- 

pa.,  rtsd-ba-la  from  a  vein,  or  also  ytdr- 
ga  jlebs-pa  id. 

^  P'  yti'/c^  a  kind  of  louse  Sch. 

^^^P\  y^^'f^  insane,  mad  Sch.,  =  Mug. 

i^;mryfi-mug  (Jf;^^)  gloom,  n»enlal 
'  ^  '  darkness,  ignorance,  stupidity,  glhh 
pa  yti^mug-can  infatuated  fools  Dzl. ;  vitsan- 
mx)  yti'imtrg-yiiyid-du  son  at  night  I  fell 
into  a  profound  sleep  MiL;  in   a  special 


sense:  the  lowest  of  the  three  gtma  or 
psychological  qualities  of  animated  beings, 
?mr,  T^y  ?RTO:,  virtue,  passion,  stupidity, 
ace.  to  the  Brahminical  theory,  for  which 
however  Buddhism  has  substituted  the 
three  moral  categories :  ^dod-Mgs^  ze-sddn^ 
yti-mug^  voluptuousness,  anger,  inconside- 
rateness  (Kopp,  I,  33);  yU-mug,  as  for 
example,  is  the  source  of  falsehoods  told 
with  a  pretended  good  intention,  Stg,;  the 
symbol  for  it  is  the  pig  Wdn,  Note.  The 
philosophical  term  ma-^riy-pa  is  altogether 
different  from  ytL-mug. 
cife|c?jyn'  /^K«)-P«  ^^^^'  to  fall  in  drops, 

•^'^   ^      to  drop,  to  drip. 
qc^'    y^n^  Ld,  *ltin*,  bottom,  rgyd-mUoi 
'  ^       ytm-dhnigs  he  turned  up  the  bottom 
of  the  sea;  ytin-du  nub-pa  to  sink  to  the 
bottom  6s. ;  depth,  hence  ytin  zab-po  DzL, 
ytin  fin  -  ba  deep,  ytin  nye  -  ba  not  deep, 
shallow;  rgyd-mfso-bm  ytin-zdh-bo  it  is 
deeper  than  the  sea  Dzl. ;  yydn  -  sa  ytin- 
rin-ba  a  deep  abyss  Thgr,;   7:u-bo  ytin- 
zdb-po  zig  a  deep  river  Dzl  ^2/^,  1.  (in 
the  third  line  however  zdb-bo  would   be 
the  correct  reading  for  zab-pd);  yUrvzab- 
/fydd  Icm-brgydd-pa  eight  cubits  deep  (lit. 
with  regard  to  depth  holding  eight  cubits) 
Dzl,  :?^vS,  5 ;  fig.  ytin-nas  from  the  bottom 
of  the  heart,  nd-la  dad -pa  yttn-nas  gi/is 
believe  in   me   with  all   your  heart  Mil; 
Ica-gf'dgs  and  ytin-grdgs  v.  grogs ;  ka-dkar- 
yiin-ndg  white  without,  and  black  within 
(fig.)  Mil. ;  the  following  passage  of  MiL : 
rgyd-mtso  ^e-la  dpe  Un-la  fca-ytiri-med-pai 
sgom  dig  gyis^   is  not  perfectly  clear,   yet 
the  real  sense  seems  to   be:    resembling 
the   ocean,   be   so  lost  in  contemplation, 
that  you  do  not  know  any  longer  a  diflFe- 
rence  between  surface  and  bottom;  ytin- 
rdd  a  stone  or  piece  of  lead  {M-nyei  ytin- 
rdd  PtL)  fastened  to  a  rope,   and   used 
as  plummet,  as  anchor,  as  a  clock- weight, 
as  a  means  for  drowning  delinquents  etc.; 
*<hi  nydg  -po-ce-la   tin  m^d^  W.  a  very 
muddy  water  has  no  depth ;  ytm-can  deep, 
ytin-wM  shallow  Ci.;  also  fig.  deep,  re- 
served, covert,  difficult  to  fathom,  to  form 


**  to   h  •  «^-^  ^  ^  /w.r^'fa^  '  ^ 

.       '^  207 


CTBTCJ'  ytub-pa 


an  opinion  of,  and  the  contrary :  shallow, 
superficial;  ytin -minion  C,  of  unknown 
depth ;  ytin-drom-pa  fathomed,  penetrated, 
ascertained  C, 

acq/?;jyq-  ytib(8)-pa  1.  to  be  gathering, 
•^  of  clouds,  spnn-pun  ytlb-pa 

thick  clouds  gathering  Wdn,;  bdug-spds 
spin  -  bhin  ytib  incense  wafts  along  like 
clouds  Glr,;  mun-pa  ytib  Lex.y  col.  also 
*nam-ka  tib-tib  yod^  cf.  Jib -pa,  —  2. 
sometimes  for  rdib-pa, 

^^^'^'  ytim-pa  v.  fim-pa, 

cnn:n'q-/%-i^«?  pf.  ytugs,  also  btug-pa, 
'>4)  '  cognate  to  fug-pa^  1.  to  reach,  to 
touch,  yi'davi-gyi  fuys-kar  ytugs-nas  putting 
or  pressing  (his  forehead)  against  the  breast 
of  the  image  Glr,\  mi  hig-gi  hdbs-la  mgo- 
bos  ytug-pa^  or  only  zdbs-ytug-pa  to  touch 
as  a  supplicant  a  person's  feet  (or  skirt) 
with  the  brow,  to  cast  one's  self  at  another's 
feet,  frq. ;  btug  fug-pa  daii  was  explained : 
when  it  (the  danger)  draws  quite  near 
Ma.;  to  overtake,  to  reach,  ni  f.,  e.g.  mta 
the  end  Lex,;  to  meet  with,  to  join  Tar,  172, 
14.  —  2.  to  bring  an  action  against  a 
person,  tO  SUe  ScA.,  thus  prob.  Dzl  99(^,  3, 
and  Pth,  —  3.  =  zdd-pa  to  be  exhausted, 
to  be  consumed(?)  Zf/m.  zdd-pai  y tugs-pa. — 
Note.  Not  only  ytug-pay  but  also  many 
of  the  following  words  have  b  as  well  as  g 
for  their  initial  letter,  and  moreover  a 
corresponding  form  beginning  with  ^,  of 
the  same  or  nearly  the  same  signification. 
mzT'  ytfuny  Sch.  also  rtun^  col.  *gog-tun* 
^^  (spelling  dubious)  1.  pestle;  there 
are  small  ones,  like  ours  and  large  ones, 
in  shape  of  poles,  as  thick  as  a  man's 
arm,  and  about  6  feet  long,  by  means 
of  which  the  pounding  is  effected  in  an 
excavation  made  in  a  rock,  called  yttm- 
Kun;  ytun(-gyis)  rduA'ba  to  pound  with 
a  pestle  Dzl;  ytun-po  mortar  6*s.;  ytun- 
buy  ytun-Uit  pestle  (!s.  —  2.  mallet,  knocker 
Dzl 

mrn'q"  y^b-pa.,  more  frq.  btitb-pa^  =  fiiA- 

'<r       pa,  to  be  able,  pyir  J>h-du  btub- 

pa-aw  shall  you  really  be  able  to    come 


208 


^(^)'^'  rtubisypa 


back?  DzL;  mi  btub-pa  very  frq.  not  to 
be  able  to  prevail  upon  one's  self,  to  be 
unable,  also:  to  be  unwilling,  to  have  no 
mind  (to  do  a  thing). 

2TKq(^yi:f  ytub(8)'pa,  btMb(s)'pa,  Ld, 
'•<D  *5^wi-^^*,  =  Jub'jya,  to  cut  tO 

pieces,  to  cut  up,  meat,  wood  etc.;  in  W, 
also  to  mince;  (in  C,  btsdb-pa);  ytubs- 
spydd  chopper  Sch, 

mr^j-q-  ytum-pa  1.  ferocity,  rage;  also 
^<o  adj.  furious;  Kro-Hh ytum-la  snyih- 
rje-Tned  in  furious  wrath,  merciless  DzL\ 
ydug-Hn  yt&n-pai  klu  a  Lu  in  a  deadly 
rage  Sambh,;  ytiim-pai  sg^ra  Sffrdg^pa  to 
roar  furiously  Pth,\  Mrd-ytum-pa  furious 
with  rage  Gh\ ;  ytum-iih  rgodrpa  obstinate 
and  unmanageable,  of  a  boy;  ytUm-po 
MiLf  ytum  -  ^an,  yttim  -  Iddn  cruel,  fierce, 
furious  Cs.;  bld-ma  fugs-ytum-po  ^on  the 
ivama  grows  angry  Mil.  nt ;  ytum-mo  fern, 
a  fury  of  a  woman  DzL  :?oo,  10;  Sch.  also: 
hangman  (?);  rluh  ytum-mo  Cs,  a  farious 
wind,  a  hurricane  —  2.  =  btum-pa^  Jum- 
pa^  to  veil,  to  cover;  to  wrap  up,  e.g.  the 
head;  with  the  instr.  to  wrap  up  or  cover 
with  a  thing. 

mpffS''^  y^^^^^po  1.  V.  ytUm-pa  1.  —  2. 
'Sd  ^"1^  (hot)  in  the  more  developed 

mysticism  the  power  which  meditating 
saints  by  dint  of  long  continued  practice 
may  acquire  of  holding  back  their  breath 
for  a  great  length  of  time,  by  which  means 
the  air  is  supposed  to  be  drawn  from  the 
rd-fna  and  rkgdn-ma  (two  veins,  v.  rtsd- 
ba)  into  the  dbu-ma  {srdg-iisay  dhu-ti^ 
aorta?)  thus  causing  a  feeling  of  uncom- 
mon warmth,  comfort,  and  lightness  inside, 
and  finally  even  emancipating  the  body 
from  the  laws  of  gravity,  so  as  to  lift  it 
up  and  hold  it  freely  suspended  in  the 
air.  Mil  frq.;  v.  also  Tar.  186,  20;  ytum- 
poi  bde-drod  the  feeling  of  warmth  just 
mentioned  MiL\  ytum-po  Jbar  the  warmth 
of  meditation  commences  Mil.  The  three 
above-named  veins  are  symbolically  re- 
presented by  a-shddy  i.e.  the  second  half 
of  an  (?I,  viz.  N,  hence  a-had-ytum-po 


^^'q*  ytdn-ba 

the  three  veins' -meditation -warmth,  MH 
—  3.  n.  of  the  goddess  Durga  or  Uma. 
qTM-n*  ytur-bu  Lea.w.e,;  Cs.  bag,  sack, 

>o       wallet. 
cnco^'q*  ytuUba  to  grind,  to  pulverize,  co- 

\^         lours,  medicind  substances  etc; 
of.  Jd^-pa. 
zx'Zr  yti'pa  W,  (Ld.  *std-pa*)  yte-ba^  yte- 

' '^  ma  C.y  ytSn-pa  Lexx,^  pawn,  pledge, 
bail  {Sch.  also:  a  present);  cf.  /td-wia; 
yteu  id.?  hostage?    Tar. 

rmx:  y^  (^*rf^'  ^*tir)  1-  treasure,  frq.  - 

'  ^      2.  symb.  num.  for  9.  —  yter-mdM 

a  treasury.  —  yt^-Ka  a  mineral  vein,  mine, 

n&i^-gyi  yter-Ua  myH-pa  to  find  a  mine 
of  precious  metals. 

zjp^yto  Lt.y  Thgy.  a  magic  ceremony  for 
^'    the  purpose  of  averting  misfortune; 
yto-bbds  id. 
cn5^i:f  y^ff'P<^  1-  also  btdg-pa,  o%-P«> 

'^'      to  pluck  off,  gather,  crop,  tear  out 
(one's  hair)  Lea^.  —  2.  v.  se^L 
L^CS^vM'^v  ytfk/s-pa  to  belong,  appertain  to; 

^^   '  belonging,  rgydl-pcfi  ydun-la 

ytdgs-pa  yin  you  belong  to  the  royal  blood 
or  family  Dzl.\  dei  ndn-du  mi  ytdgs-sam 
am  I  not  included  in  them?  Dzl.;  ^dzam- 
bui-gUn-la  ytogs-pa  belonging  to  Dzam- 
buling  Glr. ;  *dz  le-ka  dan  ma  to^  W.  do 
not  meddle  with  that!  ma-ytdgs-pa ^  gen. 
adv.  Tna  ytdgs-par  except,  besides.  —  ytog^ 
^dod  Sch.:  'to  love,  to  like,  to  wish;  a 
good-for-nothing  fellow' (?). 
^l5£•fl•  ytdH'ba,  pf.  btaa,  fut  ytariy  imp. 

^  ton  (W.  *tah'ie*,  imp.  *ft>ii*)  liH 

1.  to  let  a.  to  let  go,  to  permit  to  go,  to 
dismiss,  hii  pyir  bdag-ba^-mams-kyis  yton 
why  should  we  let  you  go,  suffer  you  (our 
teacher)  to  go?  to  let  escape  (a  prisoner) 
Dzl. ;  to  let  loose  (a  dog  against  a  person) 
Mil.;  to  let  go,  to  quit  one's  hold  ma  /ton, 
col.  *7»a  tail*  don't  let  him  go,  stop  him! 
to  leave,  abandon,  renounce,  cos  one's  re- 
ligion ;  more  definitely :  bios  ytda  -  ba,  ?. 
bio ;  yons-su  ytdh-ba  to  abandon  altogether 
Dzl.\  to  leave  off,  to  abstain  from,  ysdd- 
par  by  a  -  ba  yt6h  -  ba  to  leave  off  killing 
DzL    b.  to  let  in,  to  admit,  sg6-nas  throngk 


'^  y*od 


^ 


cr^'q*  yfdr^ba 


209 


the  door  Dzl,,  ndn-du  ytdn-ba  to  permit 
to  enter.  —  2.  to  let  90,  i.e.  to  make  go, 
to  send,  mi  a  man,  a  messenger,  very  frq.; 
^(ham-bui^lin  htm-tu  btdn-nas  he  made 
bim  go  all  over  the  country  of  Dzambuling 
DzL ;  shyil-^u  ytdh-ba  to  dispatch  for  con- 
veying (a  message);  Un-du  ytdh-ba  to 
send  (a  person)  for  (a  thing);  Js6l-ba 
btdn-ba4a8  he  sent  out  searchers  (people 
in  search)  DzL  ^^  18.^  unless  this  passage 
should  be  read  Jsdl-bar.  —  3.  to  let  have, 
to  give,  so  in  W.  almost  exclusively;  rnian 
yton  -  ba  to  give  medicine,  ytdn  -  fml  the 
way  of  giving  medicine,  for  'a  dose'  Med. ; 
ytdn-pod'Can  liberal,  bounteous  Mil. ;  ytdn- 
sems'ldan  id.  S.g.;  ytdn-sems  liberality, 
bounty;  "^tdn  zer*  he  says,  give  me!  he 
wants  to  have,  he  tries  to  get  W.;  ids-la 
ytM'ba  to  give  a  person  up  to  religion, 
i.e.  to  destine  him  for  the  priesthood,  to 
make  him  take  orders.  —  4.  to  make,  to 
cause,  e.g.  a  smoke  by  lighting  a  fire  Glr. ; 
with  the  termin.  to  turn  Into,  bye-fan  nm- 
fan  -  du  sandy  plains  into  meadows  Gh\ ; 
rims(-nad)  yton-ba  to  cause,  to  send  down, 
epidemics,  plagues  (of  gods) ;  to  construct, 
fix,  place,  chains  before  a  building  6Zr. ; 
in  W.  \s)kad  tdh-c^  to  utter  sounds,  *hk' 
cOy  bo^ra  tdn-ie*  to  raise,  to  set  up  a  cry; 
*ku^  or  *kum  tan -be*  to  make  crooked, 
to  bend;  in  forming  intensive  verbs:  *go 
tdd  tdn-ce*  to  decapitate;  *tdn  ton^  pins 
ton*  take  out!  throw  out!  *fsa  ton*  put 
salt  into  it!  *cu  tan  -  be*  to  water  (the 
garden);  *h(d  tdn-te*  to  manure  (the  fields^. 
The  participle  *tans-pa*  is  used  adverbially 
in  Ld. ;  ^t-ne  tdns-pa  a  tsug-pa*  from  here 
to  there,  from  this  place  to  that  place 
(=^  bzuns-te). 
mBc-  ytodf  ytdd-la  mndn-pa,  of  the  sun 

'  ^  Pth.y  of  the  galaxy  Mil. ,  evidently 
denotes  the  disappearing  of  these  celestial 
bodies  by  enchantment  or  only  as  a  poetical 
figure;  perh.  =  /dos,  or  to  be  explained 
by  ytdd-pa' II. 
PJS^XT  y^^'P^  !•  *lso  ytdd-pa^  pf.  btad, 

''  '       ytad^  fnt.  ytad^  imp.  btod  (Mil.; 
Cs.  fodf)  1.  to  deliver  ^p,  Idg-tu  into  the 


hand,  to  hand  over  Glr.^  to  hand  to  a 
person  the  subject  for  a  theme  or  problem 
Glr.y  to  commit  the  management  of  the 
household  to  another  DzLy  to  commit  a 
child  to  a  teacher  Dzl.^  dge-^duvr-la  dban 
to  confer  important  offices  on  the  priest- 
hood Glr.y  rig-pa  to  teach ;  ybig  snyin  ybig- 
la  ytdd-pa  to  communicate  one's  feelings 
to  one  another  Glr,  —  2.  to  lean  against 
or  upon  c.  dat,  e.g.  to  rest  one's  head  on 
one's  arm;  to  lay  or  put  against,  to,  or 
on,  one's  mouth  to  a  person's  ear  Thgr.^ 
the  tip  of  the  tongue  against  the  palate 
G^am.  —  3.  to  direct,  to  turn,  mi-la  mgd- 
boy  one's  face  towards  a  person  Lt.^  mi-la 
mdziib-mo^  or  sdig-mdzub  to  point  at  a 
person  (with  the  finger)  Glr.;  sgo  nub- 
pyogs  bdl-poi  yul-du  ytod  Glr.,  the  door 
points  south,  towards  Nepal;  Jbim-la  to 
take  aim,  to  aim  dX  Lex.;  md-bai  dbdn- 
po  ytdd-pa  to  listen  to,  to  give  a  person 
a  hearing  Mil.;  sems^  resp.  fugs,  ytdd-pa 
Mil.  id.;  ^od-zh*-la  ytdd-nas  yzigs-pas 
turning  after  a  ray  of  light,  following  it 
with  the  eye  (=  brten-nas)  Glr.;  also  used 
absolutely:  dkar-Mn ytdd-pa  the  projecting 
windows  S.g.(?)  —  Ha  ytdd-pa  Glr.? 

II.  inst.  of  rtdd-pa^  to  fasten  (cows  etc.) 
to  a  stake  (driven  into  the  ground),  to 
tedder. 
^iBgr'n-  yt^rn^cL  to  talk,  to  speak  Sch.,  cf. 

•^       /tom(?). 
^Sgx^ZX  ytdms-pa  filled  up,  full,  for  bltdms- 

'  ^  pa^  ytdms-pa^  Sch. 


CTgx'fl*  ytdrba  (Lexx.  ^f^rv)  cf,  J6r-ba^ 
"^  1.  to  strew,  to  scatter  ccirdp ,  me- 
tog^gis  ytdr-ro  Dzl.  they  strewed  flowers, 
also  ytdr-to  DzL;  nd-la  sas  ytdr-ba  they 
that  threw  earth  upon  me  DzL ;  sd-la  ytdr- 
ba to  scatter  over  the  ground  Glr.  —  2.  to 
cast,  to  throw,  ccar.,  books  into  the  water 
Glr.^  a  ring  into  the  fair  Glr.;  to  throw 
out,  e.g.  spittle  into  a  person's  ear,  for 
healing  purposes  (=  ^d^-ba) ;  to  cause  to 
circulate  the  chyle  through  every  part  of 
the  body  Med.;  to  waste,  to  dissipate  Dzl.^ 
occasionally  with  the  accus.  of  the  vessel 
containing  the  substance  thrown  out:  nii- 

14 


210 


lli^'Sr  ytor-ma 


") 


S^q^  btdd^a 


maytdr-ba  Glr,  (a  cow)  empiying  Its  udder 
by  discharging  the  milk.  —  3.  ScL:  ^srtib 
ytdr-ba  to  rehd,  to  tear  to  pieces'. 

z^iBx  •»•  ytdr-ma  strewing-oblation,  an  offering 
I  ^  brought  to  malignant  demons,  either 
as  a  kind  of  exorcism  or  as  an  appeasing 
gift,  in  order  to  prevent  their  evil  in- 
fluences upon  man ;  m^dd-pa  dan  ytdr-ma 
sbyin-pa  to  offer  such  an  oblation,  ytdr- 
mar  snd^a  to  devote  something  for  it.  The 
ceremonies  are  similar  to  those  used  in 
8byin^r4g  Sctd.  Bvddh.  249;  the  offerings 
consisting  of  things  eatable  and  not  eatable^ 
of  blood,  and  even  of  animal  and  vege- 
table feces,  scattered  into  the  air  (the 
benefit  being  shared  by  the  dri-za  q.v.). 
There  are  various  sorts  of  Torma-offerings, 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  substances 
offered  (he-  or  '(ab-ytor^  pye-ytor'^  Uiag-ytor^ 
an  oblation  of  the  fragments  of  a  meal 
JIfiZ.),  or  according  to  the  time  at  which 
(dgu'yt&i*  V.  dgu\  and  the  purpose  for  which 
they  are  offered  (mtsun-ytor  v.  mtsun). 
Other  names  of  Torma-offerings  are:  blud- 
rgyd^  mar  -  me  -  rgyd^  tih-loQ^-rgyd^  ?a- 
yswm  etc.  Tormas  in  general  belong  to 
the  ceremonies  most  frequently  performed; 
ytOT'M  are  the  vessels  and  other  imple- 
ments used  for  that  purpose;  ytor-Mb 
Sch.:  *a  bowl  for  these  offerings' (?)•  — 
ytor-zdn  Lex.  afflf  oblation  of  the  remnants 
of  the  daily  meal  to  creatures  of  every 
description. 

mfioi'  y^^'i  ^^y  ^°  ytoUmid^  =  ^JGr-m^d,  not 
^  known,  dubious,  pd-^am  md-^am  ytoU 
m^d-do  one  does  not  know  yet,  whether 
it  will  be  a  boy  or  a  girl  DzL;  bi  byd-bai 
ytol  m^d  not  knowing  what  to  do  DzL ; 
gar  fdl-bai  ytol  med  not  knowing  where 
she  had  gone  to;  bddy-la  ytol  m^d  I  do 
not  know  any  thing  about  it  Dd,  —  (Sch. 
has  a  verb  ytol-ba  to  perforate,  pierce; 
to  discover,  disclose;  v.  rtol-ba). 

^p^  ytos  size,  width,  quantity,  ri-boi  ytos 
'  ^     tsam  as  high  as  a  mountain  Lex. ; 
rim-gro  ytos-c^-ba^  like  rgya-M-ba^  great 
marks  of  honour,  extraordinary  homage. 


^i^m*^  btdg-pa  v.  Jdg-pa. 

qnTOfZ^J'  btdgs'pa  v.  ^dogs-pa^  and  Ba- 
^^         btdgs. 

^^FC*^  btdh-ba  v.  ytdn-ba. 
S^^ZJ'  btddrpa  v.  ytddrpa. 

^FVT^'  btdb-pa  V.  ^dibs-pa. 

qct;-^^  btan-snydms  (cf.  snyoms)  ^ 
^    V         complete  indifference,  perfect 
apathy  (ace.  to  Schr.  prop,  'a  liberality  per- 
fectly impartial'?). 

jgcr'n^C  btan-bzun  Lea.  |i  f^f||^n.  of  a 

^       ^     hill  where  Buddha  was  teaching. 

q&rq*  *%"P«9  pf-  *^>  Cs.  to  drop,  to 

^  '       let  &11  in  drops,  md-bcar  timany 

medicine  into  the  ear,  v.  Jig-pa. 

^^sC*^  btin-ba  v.  ^dtn-ba. 
^^  btu-ba  V.  Ju'ba. 
^^^C'^  btuh-ba  V.  Jun-ba. 
^hMl^r  btHig-pa  V.  ytug-pa. 

^^R^'^'  btud-pa  V.  ^dud-pa. 

qcff 'Jix'  bfudrmar  Glr.  in  rapid  or  clo 
^ '  succession,  ^tiZ-tu-pa-la*  C.  id 

qcq-  btub^  Lex.  =  run^  fit,  convenient,  prac- 
^^  ticable,  becoming,  btdb-bo  it  is  con- 
venient etc. ;  btub-pa  v.  ytdb-pa. 
qrwq-  btum-poy  ytum-poy  1.  to  wrap  round, 
<r  to  envelop;  hence  2.  in  W.  to  start, 
a  book,  valuable  books  being  wrapped  op 
in  a  cloth  before  being  laid  by;  btum-pog 
bunch  or  loiot,  produced  by  money  and 
the  like  being  tied  up  in  the  girdle. 

^^JR^'^  btulrba  V.  ^duUa^  ytul-ba. 

^y*!^  6%-jt>a  V.  ^dSgs-pa. 

qgj^-q-  btdd-pa  1.  =  rtdd-pa^  to  fasten 
^  ^  (grazing  horses  or  cattle)  by  a 
rope  to  a  stake,  to  tedder;  Mil.  declares 
relations  to  be  the  btod-fdg  (the  tedder) 
in  the  hands  of  the  devil.  —  2.  to  erect, 
raise  up,  produce,  cause,  occasion;  srol-btdd- 


close 


1^  V^^'^^^^  e^u----  ^'<«-' 


'U     '"^il 


^^^  htdn-pa 


■5 


211 


*)' 


rta 


pa  (Lea.  w.e.)  may  accordingly  imply:  to 
inirodoce  a  custom. 

^^y^T  bt&nrpa  V.  ^d&ri-pa. 

iS^^iT  htdUba  Sch.  =  ytdl-ba, 

X-  rto  (rtd-po  6'.,  M?.),  resp.  ce6«,  1.  horse, 
'  jKMTta  a  geldiDg,  md-rta^  or  lixL-rgddr- 
may  a  mare;  rto  ^dulrba  to  break  in,  train, 
a  horse;  rta  rgyug-pa  to  gallop;  to  run 
horses  for  a  wager,  to  race  Glr,\  *8ta  hrvl- 
be*  Ld.  id.?  —  2.  the  lower  front  part  of 
a  pair  of  breeches,  ddr-rta^  anrrta, 

Comp.  rtaHrhfa(-pa)y  or  -gfe/a(-y?g)''one 
skilled  in  horsemanship.  —  rta '  bskrdgs 
(*stab'rdff8*  Ld.)  a  clattering  train  of 
horsemen.  —  rta-^dl  Tb,  pouch  or  bag  of 
a  horseman,  saddle-bag.  —  rta-grds^ 
rta-rd.  —  rta-bgdd  a  horse-laugh,  rta- 
bgdd-h/ia  ^dSbs-pa  to  set  up  a  horse-laugh 
Sch,  —  rta-mgd  a  horse's  head;  rtormgd- 
ma  V.  gO'Uim,  —  rta-mgrm  (ffltfj^)  ^' 
of  a  demon  {Schl.  110),  a  terrifying  deity. 

—  rtd'Sga^  W.  *t§-ga*^  saddle.  —  rtasgdm 
a  large  box  or  chest.  —  rtd-sgo  v.  sgo. 

—  rta-sgydy  gen.  connected  with  mi-bsddy 
the  slaughtering  of  men  and  killing  of 
horses.  —  rta-ndn  Tibetan  horses,  small, 
strong,  unshod,  v.  Hoot  II,  131,  and  so  al- 
ready in  Marco  Polo's  travels.  —  rta-rna 
berse-tail,  *te  nd-ma  yod*  W.  it  is  (made) 
of  horse -hair.  —  rta-Udg  horse -whip; 
whip  in  general.  —  rto  -  Mg  dry  fodder 
or  provender  given  to  horses,  com,  oats. 

—  rta-Triidg  the  best  horse,  a  splendid 
horse,  state-horse;  gen.  a  fabulous  horse, 
a  sort  of  Pegasus,  thus  e.g.  Glr.  chp.  6, 
where  it  partakes  of  divine  properties  {rtai 
rgydUfo  han-iis  bd-la-  ha;  ace.  to  Schl, 
p.  253  rlun-rta  is  the  same).  —  rtarmidg- 
Ua-Jnib  =  yyas-rti-ytsdn-po  =  mnd-ria-  cu 
n.  of  the  principal  river  of  Tibet.  —  rta- 
Qdn  he  with  the  green  horses,  the  sun, 
po.  Gir.  —  rta-md  horse-ear,  n.  of  one 
of  the  seven  gold-mountains,  surrounding 
the  Rirab.  —  rtd-pa  horseman,  rider,  *td- 
pa  toridn*  Ld.  a  balancing-board,  see-saw; 
rtd-pat  dpUh  horse,  Cavalry  Cs.  —  rta-lpdgs 


I 

L 


a  horse's  skin;  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb  Med. 
—  rta-bdbs  1.  a  large  stone  or  raised  place 
for  alighting  from  a  horse  (?)  Cs.  '2.  the 
superstructure  of  a  large  door  or  gate, 
the  arch  of  a  gate- way,  Lex,  twa^a-na^ 
^|j^?  —  rtordhydm  ^JHlj\t|  n.  of  a  great 
scholar  Thgy.  —  rta  -  bil  a  horse's  front- 
hair  (i.  —  rta-abdna  horse-dung.  —  rta- 
mdg  a  horse's  hoof;  n.  of  a  plant  Med.  — 
rtor^rmig-ma  a  lump  of  silver  bullion  like 
a  horse's  hoof  Cs.  —  rta  -  rdzi  one  that 
tends  horses;  a  groom  Gl/r,  —  rta-zun  a 
good  horse.  —  rta-zdm  1.  post-station,  rta- 
zdmrgyi  t&dgs-pa  a  post-house;  rta-zdm 
gyi  spyi-dpon  postmaster-general  Cs.  2.  in 
Ld.  also  for  rta-zdm-pa.  —  rta-zdm-pa 
postillion,  courier,  express,  estafet  An  estafet 
rides  day  and  night,  mounting  fresh  horses 
at  certain  stations,  and  making  the  way 
from  L^  to  Lhasa  (for  ordinary  travellers 
a  journey  of  4  months)  in  18  days.  — 
rta(i)'^U'lag  a  compulsory  service  con- 
sisting in  the  supply  of  horses.  —  rtchrd^ 
rta-grds  inclosure,  stable,  for  horses.  — 
rta-M  1.  horse-flesh.  2.  the  oblique  ab- 
dominal muscles  of  the  hips.  —  rta -had 
curry-comb  Sch.  —  rta-ysdr  a  horse  not 
yet  broken  in  or  dressed  Schr.  —  rta^bsib 
stallion.  —  With  regard  to  the  colour  of 
horses  (spu-Ha),  the  following  distinctions 
are  made:  rta-dkdr  a  gray  or  white  horse; 
rta-rkyan-ndgy  or  Uam-ndg  Sch.  a  dark- 
brown  horse;  rta  Kdm-pa  Ld.  a  yellowish- 
brown  horse  (Sch.  a  dark- brown  horse); 
rta  -  Uam  -  dmdr  Sch.  a  light-bay  horse,  a 
sorrel  horse;  rta  Urd-bo  a  piebald  or  a 
dappled  horse  Z/d.  -  GZr. ,  ScJU.  fol.  26,  a; 
rta-grd  Sch.  a  gray  horse,  rta  gro-dkdr  a 
light-gray  horse,  rta  gro-sndn  Sch.  a  dapple- 
gray  horse,  rta  gro-dmdr  a  roan  horse,  a 
roan;  rta  rgyorho  Sch.  a  chestnut-bay  horse 
(a  bayard,  a  brown  horse)  with  white 
breast  and  muzzle;  rta  ndn-pa  an  Isabel 
Ld.'Glr.;  rta  rnog-dkdr  a  bright  bay 
horse;  rtorsno-Kra^  rta-sno-fig-ban  Sch,  a 
dapple-gray  horse;  rta-sno-nag  Sch.  a  dark- 
gray  horse ;  rta-fig-Ura  Sch.  a  spotted  horse ; 
rta  nag  a  black  horse;  rta-brau  =  rgyor- 

14* 


212 


£^^  rtdg-pa 


bo  Sch. ;  rtor-mog-ro  Glr,  a  yellowish-brown 
horse;  rta  zag-fa  Sch,  a  horse  having  gray 
and  white  spots;  rta  ^dl-ba  Mil,  Ld,-Glr.y 
a  black  horse;  rta  ra-rdSch,  a  yellow- 
dun  horse;  rta  rdg-pa  Ld,  a  tawny  horse 
(Sch.:  'a  white  and  red  spotted  horse'); 
rta  rag -rag  an  ash -gray  horse;  rta  rag- 
s^'y  or  rta  ser-s^rSch.  a  yellowish -red 
horse;  rta  sram  -  srdm  Sch,  a  gray  horse 
with  a  black  mane  and  tail, 
xqi-q-  rtdg-pa  (f^m)  1-  perpetual,  constant, 
^  '  lasting,  eternal.  2.  perpetuity,  duration 
to  all  futurity,  a  quality  which,  ace.  to 
Buddhist  views,  can  be  ascribed  only  to 
the  vacuum,  to  absolute  emptiness,  the 
ston-pa-nyid;  mi  rtdg-pa  not  durable, 
perishable;  de  yan  mi^rtag  fml-du  yda 
this,  too,  is  subject  to  the  law  of  perish- 
abletiess  Mil,;  mi  rtdg-pai  ^os  the  principle 
of  transitoriness;  rtdg-par  ^dzin-pa  to  look 
upon  (transitory  things,  i.e.  the  world) 
as  lasting,  and  hence:  to  be  worldly-minded 
Glr.;  as  partic.  one  that  is  earthly-minded, 
a  worldling;  nydl-ba-la  rtdg-pa  steady  in 
lying,  i.e.  disposed  to  lie  down,  to  be  con- 
tinually at  rest,  Stg, ;  rtag-cad  lasting  and 
transitory,  frq.;  rtag-par^  or  more  firq. 
rtag-tu,  always,  i.e.  1.  continually,  2.  at 
each  time  (Dzl.  :?€^,  5);  rtdg  -tu-ba  per- 
petuity, eternity  Cs,  —  rtdg-^Oj  Ld,  *$tdgs- 
po*y  lasting,  durable,  reliable,  rtag-brtan 
id.  C, ;  rtag  -  snydm  -  la  C.  adv.  uniformly, 
equally.  —  rtag -res  Jidr-ba  Sch,:  a  con- 
stant change  (?). 

gqi^  ^^^*  (^^*  ^^J's-pa)  1.  resp.  pyag- 
^  '  rtdgsy  sign,  tol(en,  mark,  characteristic, 
*tag'Zf  W,^  *tag8'pa*  Ld,^  id.;  rtags  byM- 
pay  vulg.  *tag  rgydb-pa*  to  make  a  m?irk; 
rdb'tu  byiin-bai  rtags  ydd-pa  (partic.)  one 
having  the  outward  marks  of  an  ecclesiastic 
Glr,]  bkra-m  rtags  v.  bkra-h's;  omen, 
prognostic,  =  ftos,  bu-mo  sky^-bai  rtags  a 
prognostic  of  a  girl  being  bom  Med. ;  proof 
of  a  thing,  c.  genit.,  frq.;  mnon-i'tdgs  DzL 
id.;  proof,  argument,  evidence,  *H  tags-pa- 
ne zum*  lA.  upon  what  evidence  have  they 
seized  him?  *tdgs-pa  zig  gos*  you  must 
prove  it,   *fdgs-pa-an  mi  dug*  there  is  no 


CC'  rtih 

trace,  no  evidence,  left.  —  2.  inference, 
deduction  Was,  (320).  —  3.  the  black,  the 
centre  of  a  target,  W.  *tdg-la  cug-b^  to 
take  for  a  mark.  —  4.  sexual  organ,  organ 
of  generation,  li^gs-sam  bhd-ga  as  tvpo 
synonyms  for  the  same  thing  Wdn.j  po- 
rtagsy  md-rta^s  frq.  —  5.  gift,  present,  resp. 
pyag  -  rtags,  —  6.  any  mark  for  denoting 
grammatical  distinctions,  such  as  termi- 
nations etc.,  ni  f.;  rtags  ^ug-pa  using  such 
marks,  making  grammatical  distinctions, 
seems  to  imply  about  the  same  thing 
as  our  etymology,  the  etymological  part  of 
grammar.  —  rtags-yig  1.  stamp,  type(?)  Cs, 
2.  letter  of  recommendation,  credentials  W, 
—  *tag'ril*  W.,  lot,  Hag-ril  tdn-ce"^  to  cast 
or  draw  lots  (a  half-religious  proceeding) 
cf.  rgyath. 

-— .^.  rtdb-ptty  also  rtab-rtdb-pay  and  stdb- 
f  pa,  to  be  In  a  hurry,  to  be  con- 
fused, frightened,  in  a  state  of  alarm,  e.g. 
of  fowl  frightened  by  some  cause  {Zam,  = 
bvM-pa);  rtdb-po  adj.;  stab-stdb-por  sdn-nas 
having  become  quite  startled  and  con- 
founded J^A.;  rtab-i^b  sbst,  rtab-rtob-ta  m^^ 
ndn  -  du  pyin  -  te  she  ran  into  the  house  ( Tf 
in  haste  (full  of  joy)  Mil,\  rtab-rtdb-la  ra 
mi  Jtren  I  cannot  help  you  with  such  speed 
Mil.  nt.    It  is  also  spelled  brtabs-pa, 

6^^'  rtds-pa  v.  brtd-ba, 

^^  rtig-gi  Ts,  for  r^,  foal,  COH 

£h'  '^Hn  (in  more  recent  literature  and  col.) 
^  what  is  behind  or  after,  with  regard 
to  space,  and  more  particularly  to  time, 
rtin-duy  rUn-lay  rtin-na  adv.  afterwards, 
rtin-du  bbds-so  they  were  made  afterwards, 
were  added  later  Glr, ;  postp.  c.  genit.,  or 
less  corr.  c.  accus.,  after;  byon  rtih -la 
after  their  appearance  Pih,y  byun-rUn  after 
he  has  come  Mil,;  de-rtin-la  after  that 
Glr,;  *Uh'n§  ddn-be"  W,  to  follow,  to  come 
after  or  later;  rtin^ma  adj.  and  sbst,  the 
last  Tar, ;  ytdm-gyi  rtin-ma  yin  this  is  my 
last,  my  farewell-speech  Glr,\  without  mu: 
*dm  tin  Hg-na*  W.  some  day  hereafter, 
some  future  day;  *t(n-ma  iag,  tin-ma  nyi^ 


^^^  rtib-pa 


T 


213 


S(3k'i^'  rten-pa 


ma*  W.  the  following  day;  *  tin  -  jug*  re- 
maining part,  the  last  remainder,  ^di-rih 
ja  tin-jitff  len  son*  W,  to-day  I  have  used 
the  last  of  my  tea.  —  rtin-pa  1.  the  end, 
extremity,  lowest  part,  e.g.  of  a  stick  Glr,\ 
gen.:  2.  the  heel  of  the  foot,  rtin-Uags  a 
spur,  rtin  -  Uags  rgydb  -  pa  to  prick  with 
the  spars,  to  spur;  rtin-cu  the  Achilles- 
tendon. 

hrcy  rUb-pa,  pf.  brt^s,  fut.  brtib^  imp. 
/  rfib{8)  to  break  or  pull  down  (cf, 
rdib-^pa), 

M'  rtiuy  sometimes  for  rteu^  a  foal. 

Mrq*  rtug-pa  1.  excrement,  dirt  rtug-skdm 
1^  '  or  'sk4m  dry  excrements  Med. ;  rgyal- 
srid  rtkg-pa  bzivndu  ddr-ba  to  throw  o£f 
royalty  like  dirt  Pthr^  rtiig  -  pa  pyk  -  pai 
rdo  a  stone  for  wiping  one's  seU  MU.  — 
2.  C,  wind,^  flatulence.  —  3.  (b)fiug  v.  sub 
fogs'pa, 

xr'fl*  rtun^ba,  pf.  brtunSy  fut.  brtun,  also 
■^  8tun-haj  to  make  shorter,  to  shorten, 
to  contract,  e.g.  a  rope,  a  dress;  ynyd-ba 
'  brtuns  his  neck  is  contracted  Mng, 
..  x^  **/ww  V.  ytun;  rtun-rll  a  trituration- 
V  bowl  Sch. 

t3\Zr  ^^^-p«5  brtufir-paj  diligence,  rtun-pa 
IJ      dyed' pa  to  be  diligent  Zaw.     Of. 

gfjj-gf  rtul'pOj  or  rtul-ba^  Dlunt,  dull,  mfsow- 
<3         rtul  a  blunt  weapon  Cs.;  gen,  fig.: 
dbdn-po  rtul-po  (opp.  to  mdn-po  or  ttic^ 
6a  sharp,  and  Jbrin-po  middling)  dullness, 
stupidity,  imbecility  of  mind;  dull,  stupid; 
blo-rtul  weak  intellect.  —  (J))rtul -pdd-pa 
('ftr)  boldness,  courage;  bold,  brave  Dzl. 
gn-  rteu  foal,  colt,  rteu  Jyi^ah-ba  to  bring 
'      forth  a  colt,  to  foal  6«. 
*^  r^w  (cf.  the  next  article)  that  which 
'  '  contains,  keeps,  or  supports  a  thing, 
1- a  hold,  support,  esp.  in  compounds:  ka- 
rtin  the  plinth  or  base  of   a    pillar  Cs.; 
fkan-rUn  (resp.  iabs-i^ten)  a  foot-stool  Cs. ; 
hi-rten  a  present  given  to  support  a  suppli- 
cation,  and    never  omitted  by   Orientals 
when  making  a  petition;  ^sem-Un*  W,  token, 
keep-sake;  —  esp.  a  visible  representation, 


a  statue  or  figure  of  Buddha  or  of  other 
divine  beings,  which  the  pious  may  take 
hold,  of,  and  to  which  their  devotions  are 
more    immediately  directed    (v.   the    ex- 
planation in  Glr,  chp.  II,  init.)  —  2.  re- 
ceptacle, resp.  ydun-rtin^  for  the  bones  or 
relics  of  a  saint,  rnfdd-rten  for  oblations, 
V.  m^od-pa,  compounds;  rig^pairten  re- 
ceptacle of  the  soul,  i.e.  the  body  S<?An; 
rig-pa  rtin-medrpa ,  rten  dan  brdl-ba  the 
houseless,  bodiless  soul  Thgr.;  ^jig-rt^  v. 
fjig]  snyin  ni  fse  srog  s4ms  -  kyi  rten  the 
heart  is  the  seat  of  life  and  of  the  soul 
Mng.;  seat,  abode,  residence,  oi  a  deity, 
sanctuary,  temple  (D^Z.)^  shrine,  rtSn-gyi 
ytsd-bo  the  deity  residing  in  a  shrine  Glr.; 
visible  representation,  symbol,  of  divine  ob- 
jects or  beings,  esp.  the  rten  ysuvn  sku- 
rten  an  image  of  Buddha,  ysUh-rien  symbol 
of  the  doctrine,  gen.  consisting  in  a  volume 
of  the  holy  writings,  tugs-rten  symbol  of 
grace,  a  pyramid,  Kopp.  II,  294.    Hence 
rtenmi^i  very  suitably  be  used  for  denoting 
the  material  element  in  the  Christian  sacra- 
ments, viz.  the  water,  and  the  bread  und 
wine.  —  3.  present,  gift,  prop,  for  2:^rten 
(v.  sub  no.  1),  and  then  in  a  more  general 
sense,  resp.  jtn/a^-r^,    W.^  iov  pyag-rtdgs; 
also  offering,  oblation.  —  4.  sex,  specified 
as  male,   female,  or  hermaphrodite,    in- 
dependently of  age  S.g. ;  •  sometimes  com- 
prising age  S.g. ;   or  denoting  age  alone, 
as  child,  man,  old  man  Lf.;  calling,  situation 
in  life  Tar.  163, 15  (where  gyi  ought  to 
be  changed  into  ni)  176, 15;  178, 18;  some 
compounds  follow  still  at  the  end  of  the 
next  article. 

rtSn-pa  1.  vb.,  pf.  and  fut.  brten^ 
imp.  rton  (brtenf),  to  keep,  to  hold, 
to  adhere  to,  to  lean  on,  ^kdr-ba-la  on  a 
staff  Pih.'y  kd'ba-la  against  a  pillar;  lag- 
pa  ^rdm-pa-la  to  lean  one's  head  on  one's 
hand,  in  meditating  Dzl.;  fig.  to  depend 
or  rely  on,  brten-pai  bld-ma  the  priest  to 
whom  one  holds ;  snunir-la  rthi-pa  to  keep 
to  the  fat,  i.e.  to  eat  much  fat  Med.ijirig- 
pai  ^os'la  to  be  given,  addicted,  to  sensual- 
ity; *cu  fdii-wa  mdn-pO'la.  tM-ne*  C.  if 


^^'r- 


^.;* 


'-C 


;:} 


•^ 


i.'<  ■  ? 


55rcr  rth^a 


■5 


IJorpr^  rtdg^a 


one  is  intent  on  watering;  Jsd-ba  dka^ 
hub -la  V.  dkd'ba  compounds;  Uyid-kyis 
ysun-ba-la  brUn-nas  following,  obeying 
(your)  orders  Glr.;  nai  nius^ck-la  rUn-nas 
relying  on  my  strength,  i.e.  by  the  help 
of  my  strength  (you  will  be  able  to  get 
to  that  place)  MU.;  hence  (b^rUn-Tias  is 
frq.  used  for:  in  consequence  of,  with  re- 
spect to,  concerning  etc. :  rkyen  di-la  rthi- 
nas  in  consequence  of  this  event  (the  doc- 
trine spread)  Tar.  8,  1;  *gha-la  tin-ncui* 
why?  wherefore?  6\;  yul  Uyddrfar-bcmrla 
rtM-nas  (to  sin)  with  regard  to  a  noble 
object  Thffy.;  to  hang  on,  to  depend  on,  to 
arise  or  issue  from;  rtM-par  JbrH-ba  v. 
i^en-JyrM;  to  be  near,  to  border  on,  ""tinrte 
yod^  W.  (the  two  villages)  are  contiguous 
to  each  other;  ^  ytdd-pa^  stdn-pa  to 
be  directed,  to  be  situated,  to  lie  towards, 
Ifu^-pyogs'la  to  be  situated  towards  the  south 
Sambh.;  ^od-zir-la  rthi-nas  ^rzigs-pa  to  look 
after  or  pursue  with  one's  eye  a  ray  of 
light,  like  ytdd-pa  I.  3.  Cf.  stin-pa.  — 
2.  sbst.  that  which  holds,  keeps  up,  rgydl- 
pot  rtin-pax>  (these)  are  the  supporto  of 
kings  De/.;  brthi-pa  riks-pai  ynds-lugs  bstdn- 
pa  ^e  doctrine  of  the  hold-giving  bones', 
osteology  J/^n^.  3. adj. attached  to,  faithful  C 
Comp.  rt^-grog8^  tse  hrilrpor  ^rogs-pai 
rtm-grogs  perh.  erron.  for  ytdn-grogs.  — 
rthi-ynas  Gram.:  the  case  which  denotes 
the  place  of  a  thing  or  person,  the  locative. 
—  rten-Jn'My  or  in  full:  rtM-par  JbriUbar 
^gyur-ba  or  Jbyun-ba  'the  coming  to  pass 
in  continuous  connection^  (the  explanation 
of  Bum.  1 ,  623  is  grammatically  not  quite 
correct)  i.e.:  1.  in  a  general  sense:  the 
connection  between  cause  and  effect;  in  a 
special  sense,  the  Buddhist  doctrine  of 
the  rtm-Jyrel  bbu-ynyis^  f^T^TW)  the  twelve 
causes  of  existence  Wdk.  551  (vrith  illus- 
trations); Schl.  23,  Bum.  I.  485,  Kopp. 
I. ,  609.  2.  the  auspices  of  an  undertaking, 
in  as  much  as  the  complete  knowledge  of 
the  causal  connection  of  things  implies  also 
a  c>ertain  prescience  of  future  events;  rten- 
JbrH  rtdg-pa  to  investigate  the  auspices, 
hes-pa  to  know  them,  (a  physician  e.g.. 


when  treating  a  patient,  must  try  to  find 
out  the  auspices)  Med.;  rten-Jyril  bzan  or 
legs  good  auspices,  nan  bad  auspices,  frq.; 
so  also  frq.  col.  —  rt^n-ma  prop,  support, 
pillar  S.g.y  *thi'Un*  W.  a  pole  used  as  a 
prop;  rtin^a  Mil.f 

J^prqjrqf  rtdg-ge-ba  (in|)  the  act  of  argu- 
^  '  I  ing,  reasoning;  dialectics  Cs.;  Sch. 
distrust,  suspicion  (?);  Ha-biddrtdg-^ei  sUb- 
dpon  seems  to  describe  a  teacher  who  talks 
in  a  hypocritical  manner  with  a  mere  i^ 
pearance  of  wisdom.  —  rtdg-ge-pa  an  ar- 
guer,  disputer,  reasoner,  difdectician  Cs. 
J^cy  rtdg-pa  I.  vb.,  pf.  brtags  (rtogs  q.v.), 
"  '  brtagy  imp.  rtog(8),  1.  to  consider, 
examine,  search  into,  look  through,  cca. 
(also  dat),  brtags -na  mi  hes  though  one 
meditates  (upon  the  soul),  one  cannot  un- 
derstand or  fathom  it  MU.;  frq.  with  a 
single  or  double  indirect  question:  to  exa- 
mine whether  (or  whether  not);  brtag- 
dpydd  (or  rti^g-^ing)  ytdn-ba  Pth ,  MU.  id.; 
brtags 'dpydd  examination,  trial  Zam.;  c. 
termin.  to  discern,  to  recognize  as,  e.g.9n^'s- 
par  brtag  it  is  ascertained  to  be  bile,  to 
be  caused  by  hile  Med.;  so^sdr  rtdg-pa 
Stg.  prob.  to  recognize  as  being  different 
—  2.  to  muse,  to  ruminate,  to  trouble  one's 
head  about  a  thing,  which  is  considered 
a  fault  much  to  be  guarded  against,  and 
the  more  so,  as  religious  faith  as  well  as 
meditation  require  the  mind  to  be  strictly 
directed  and  entirely  devoted  to  the  one 
subject  in  question;  hence  ma-rtdg  tln-jizin 
MU.  contemplation  without  any  disturbing 
reflections  and  by-thoughts;  cf.  no.  11.  — 
3.  V.  dog-pa. 

II.  sbst.  1.  consideration,  deliberation, 
reflection,  cf.  I.,  2;  rtdg-pa  skyi-ba^  rtdg- 
pa-la  ^ug^a  to  reflect  on  a  thing,  to  in- 
dulge in  musings  Bzh  —  2.  scruple,  hesi- 
tation, rtdg-pa  skyh-te  to  grow  doubtful, 
hesitating  MU.;  rtog(-paymed(;-pa)  simple, 
unsophisticated;  simplicity;  singleness  of 
heart.  —  d^-la  rtog-jug  mi  byed  Glr.  he 
does  not  meddle  with  that, 
"^^rq-  rtdgs-pa  (prop,  the  pf.  of  rtdg-pa^ 
^  *  like  navi  of  nosco)  1.  vb. toper- 


■5 


v^_ 


ceive,  to  know,  fo  underaand,  dfyddrna  ma 
rtdffs-so  they  did  not  understand,  though 
they  inquired  into  it  Dzl. ;  rtdgs-par  ^yv-r- 
ha  to  obtain  information,  to  convince  one's 
self  of  a  thing  DzL;  rtdgs-par  byid-pa  to 
teach,  to  demonstrate,  to  convince  a  per- 
son of  ZteZ.;  md-rtogs'pa  stupid,  ignorant; 
ignorance  Mil.  —  2.  sbst.  (but  in  Tibetan 
always  construed  as  an  infinitive  with  the 
accus.  inst.  of  the  genit,  and  with  an  adv. 
inst.  of  an  adj.)  knowledge,  perception,  cog- 
nition, frq.;  sems  rtdgn-pa  the  knowledge 
of  (one's  own)  soul  Mil, ;  mndtirpar  rtdgB- 
P^  (MfiWH^)  ^^^^  understanding  or  per- 
ception, in  modern  Buddhism  the  same  as 
ston-pa-nyid  Trig.  21.  —  rtdgs-pa-dan^ 
rtogs-ldan  rich  in  knowledge  MU,  —  rtdgs- 
(pa)  brydd^-pa)^  for  Hr^f^TW  cf.  Bum,  I.  64, 
a  moral  legend.  —  rtogs-spydd  theory  and 
practise,  n^togBspyod  by4drpa  to  know  and 
to  do,  rtoffs-^ydd  la  mUds-pa  theoretically 
and  practically  religious.  —  rtdgs-Jbd-ban 
desirous  of  knowing  or  learning,  inquisitive 
MU.  —  Sometimes  for  togs-pa. 

T\^^   n^^'  "T^^  j^d^^  1.  sbst., 

also  rtodrpiir,  a  stake,  in  the  ground,  for 
teddering  a  horse,  for  securing  a  boat  etc. ; 
a  peg,  in  a  wall,  for  hanging  up  things; 
rtod'fdg  a  tedder  (v.  btod-pa);  rtdd-pa 
brgydb'pa  to  drive  in  a  stake  or  peg. 
2.  vb.  to  tedder,  fasten,  secure  Dd. 

^^      '        7»     '        /I       pa,     brtdn-pa^ 
with  or  without  yid^  ccd.,  to  place  confi- 
dence in  a  person,  to  rely  on. 
-g^  rtolf  ^s-rtdl  Tar.  164,  20,  Schf.  the 

f       pith  or  marrow  of  a  doctrine;  rtoU 
skyes-kyi  his^a  Mil.f  —  brtdt-ies-pa  Tar. 
197,  8,  Schf.  to  know  thoroughly, 
"gor  rtol  Cs.y  rtol-gdg  Lew.  w.e.;  Sch.:  a 

'       bastard,  an  animal  of  a  mixed  breed, 
rtdl'po  a  male,  liidl-mo  a  female  bastard 
Cii.;  ace.  to  Desgodins  the  cross-breed  of 
a  yak-bull  and  a  ^ar-mo.    Cf.  Uor. 
-g^q-  rtM-ba,  pf.  hrtol  {Ld.  *stdUe*)  1. 

^         to  bore,  to  pierce,  to  bore  into,  cci. 
&  Ly  Sig.;  to  bore  through,  to  perforate  cca.. 


215 


Ita 


a  board  etc.,  sgo-na  the  shell  of  an  egg  (of 
chickens  creeping  out)  Sch.^  to  open  (an 
abscess)  by  a  puncture;  to  make  an  incision; 
*bi-gan*  W.  to  bore  a  hole.  -*  2.  to  COBie  to, 
to  get  to,  to  arrive  at,  ynds-su  to  (at)  a  place 
Lex.  (cog.  to  fdl'ba^  t^l-ba);  yons-^dtis-brtol 
I^.  w.e.;  Tar.  30,  22,  Schf.:  vnf^^^^mm. 
the  coral-tree,  Erythrinaindica;  also  a  tree 
of  paradise.  (In  Dd.  ^(&?,  13  the  manuscript 
of  Kyelang  has:  de-da^-las  rtdUha  it  out- 
passed  them). 

Tlta  1.  more  correctly  6Zto,  v.  sub  ltd- 
bay  I.  1.,  we  will  see,  Mil,  firq.  —  2. 
in  various  phrases  and  expressions ,  in 
which  its  special  signification  is  no  longer 
clearly  discernible :  a.  Ita  hi  smos  Dzl.  and 
elsewh.,  the  most  frq.  form,  Ita  smos  H 
dgos  Thgy  y  Ita  tmos  hi  Jsal  (eleg.)  Stg.y 
W.  more  distinctly :  *lta  dgos  ci  yod*,  also 
""zer  dgos  ci  yoeT,  far  from,  not  to  mention, 
to  say  nothing  of,  how  much  less,  how  much 
more;  with  a  preceding  infinitive  or  noun: 
JU-dag  ^dvl-ba  Ita  bi  smos  to  say  nothing 
of  the  conversion  of  these!  how  much 
easier  is  it  to  convert  these!  DzL;  ^6-skol 
Ita  a  smos  how  much  more  we!  Thgy.; 
Ita  iog  is  much  the  same:  lo  zld^ba  Ita 
iog  to  say  nothing  of  years  and  months; 
*tor  zogy  td-la  ioj^  C.  id.  —  b.  the  word 
is  frq.  used  after  participles  or  adjectives 
ending  with  pa,  when,  judging  in  each 
case  from  the  connection  in  which  it  hap- 
pens to  stand,  it  may  be  deemed  equiva- 
lent to:  evidently,  indeed,  thus  then  etc., 
spoken  either  ^th  emphasis,  or  ironically, 
or  in  a  sorrowful  tone.  As  it  is  next  to 
impossible  to  learn  from  the  Tibetans  the 
exact  import  of  those  little  words,  which 
slightly  modify  the  grammatical  and  logi- 
cal relations  of  a  sentence,  European  trans- 
lators have  generally  passed  them  over. 
Cf.  Dzl.  7^,  18,  ^^cs^nS,  2  (where  a  shad 
ought  to  be  added),  LAy  7  (where  ste  means 
though),  J?vS©,  18;  Tar.7, 17, 19.  \nDzl. 
^j?,  7  Uay  in  accordance  witJi  the  manu- 
script of  Kyelang,  is  to  be  omitted.  —  c. 
like,  as,  (Itd-ba  sbst.  abstr.,  Itd-bu  adj., 
Itd'bur  or  Uar  adv.),  du-ba  ltd -bur  ydd- 


216 


f^sy 


Itd-^a 


"j 


•^T 


Itd^a 


pa  kiff  one  having  the  nature  or  the  co- 
lour of  smoke  Glr, ;  rta  bbus  rffyug-pa  ltd- 
but  sgra  a  noise  as  if  ten  horses  were  gal- 
loping Qlr,;,\  .  Itd'bu  mtlds^a  hig  a  man 
as  wise  as  . . .  DzL;  pa-md  Itd-bur  gydur^ 
to  he  was  (to  him)  like  a  father  DzL;  bat 
dzi-ma  Itd-bu  dan  Iddn-te  having  eye- 
lashes like  those  of  a  cow  Stg. ;  rdn-la  mi- 
mMd'ba  bu-la  byin-pa  Itd-bu  ma  yin  not 
as  if  she  (the  mother)  would  give  her  child 
only  what  she  does  not  want  herself  Thgy, ; 
i^s-pa  Itd'buo  is  the  usual  expression  for 
quoting  a  passage  from  an  author,  and 
always  follows  the  quotation;  %odnd-Zto- 
bu  min  you  are  not  my  equal,  and  also: 
you  are  not  in  my  situation  Mil.;  ^di-lta- 
buy  dA-lta-bu^  one  like  him,  such  a  one 
as  he;  H-lta-bu  what  sort  of?  sahs-rgyas 
he$  byd  -ba  H-lta-bu  yin  the  so-called 
Buddha,  what  sort  of  being  is  he?  what 
is  meant  by  'Buddha'?  DzL  H-lta-bu-la 
bskalrpa  ies  bgyi  what  sort  of  a  thing  is 
called  'Kalpa'?  )i'lta^ba  y.  ji\  )i'lta-bu 
of  what  kind,  as  a  rel.  pron.  Sometimes 
Ita  alone  is  used  for  Uorbu:  Kydd-lta  your 
equal  MZ.;  so  prob.  also  in  the  passage 
DzL  9^^^Sy  where  ydd-pa  Ita  H  mton 
would  be  =  yod-pa  Itd-bu  gan  mfon  (better 
than  taking  Ita  H  mfon  for  Ita  hi  smos 
Schf.).  In  DzL  ^^,  13,  and  :?vr,  3  ltd- 
iig  is  prob.  to  be  altered  into  Itd-iog^  v. 
sub  a,  2,  above.  —  d.  fta  is  sometimes  a 
mere  expletive,  e.g.  in  dd-Ua  (v.  da\  and 
after  the  conditional  na  {DzL  9^0, 1 ;  V©, 
b;  2/:?,  16,  ^^,  b.). 

Qj-q-  Itd'ba  I.  vb.,  pf.  blta^y  fut.  blta^  imp. 
^  Itosy  blta^  resp.  yzigs-pa  (cf.  Itos-pa) 
1.  to  look  (as  an  act  of  the  will,  cf.  mtdh-ba^ 
to  View,  often  with  Twijr,  or  mig-gis  (v.  below); 
bltds-na  mi  mfon  though  you  look  (for  it) 
you  do  not  see  '\i  MUr^  *ndn-tan  Hb-^a 
Itos*  Ld.  look  at  it  accurately !  *to  H^  C, 
look  (before  you)!  have  your  eyes  open! 
^tg  sig  nyon  big*  C.  attention!  mind!  be 
careful!  ltd  ^  bos  ^og  mi  ^ds  I  never  can 
look  enough  at  it;  with  nas:  to  look  from 
or  through,  sgo-sM-Tias  (to  peep)  through 
the  narrow  opening  of  a  door  Tarr^  bltd- 


na  sdug-pa  pleasing  when  looked  upon, 
charming  to  look  at;  also  n.  of  the  city 
of  gods  on  the  Birdb  Stg,,  and  of  one  of 
the  seven  golden  mountains  around  the 
Kirdb  Glr. ;  Itd-ru  son  go  there  and  look 
(at  it)!  *ltarla  ton*  W.  let  me  look  (at  it)! 
show  it  me!  pan-fsun^u  Itd-ba  to  look 
around  DzL;  ^cog^iog-U^ ,  or  ^ye^dn-ld!^ 
col.  id.;  pyi  mig,  or  pyir  (to  look)  back 
Dd.;  *pi  mig  log  Ua-ce*,  or  ^jih-pa  gydr- 
te  Itd-de*  W.  id.;  to  inspect,  ccd.,  rarely 
c.a.,  frq.  Glr,y  DzL;  Uyed  md-nus-pa-la 
bltds-na  if  one  views,  considers,  your  in- 
ability DzL;  nas  ma  bltas^na  if  I  do  not 
inspect  it  Glr,;  *ghdn4a  te  run*  C.  whatever 
one  may  fix  his  eyes  upon  =  whatever  it 
may  be;  to  look  after  or  into,  to  revise,  to 
examine,  to  try,  rtsa  Ud-ba  to  feel  a  person's 
pulse  Med.'^  pdn-nam  blta  I  will  see,  if  I 
can  help  Mil,;  also:  I  will  see,  whether 
it  has  done  good;  su  8e  blta  let  us  see  who 
is  taller  MiL;  e*  tsvd  Uos  hig  see,  if  you 
can  put  it  through  Glr.;  rtin-sor  blta  we 
shall  see  that  afterwards  J/iZ.;  ydn-dag- 
par  Itd'ba  to  examine  or  search  into  mi- 
nutely MU.;  *fsod  Itd'ba*  in  col.  language 
is  the  expression  most  in  use  for  to  examine, 
to  put  to  the  proof,  to  test,  to  try,  to 
sound  etc.  Lastly,  as  a  mere  act  of  the 
mind:  to  meditate,  reflect,  muse,  ponder, 
investigate,  du  jdug  blta  let  us  see  how 
many  there  are  MU.;  Ita  rtog  byM-pa,  or 
ytdn-ba  Mil,  to  investigate  closely.  Also 
in  a  mystic  sense,  v.  sgdm'pal^2.  — 
2.  ccd.  (or  accus.)  and  termin. ,  to  look 
upon  a  thing  as,  hh-pa-la  zdg-tu  to  look 
upon  knowledge  as  deceitful;  dkon-mlSdg 
f9um  mi  bdin-par  Itd-ba  to  think  the  three 
treasures  to  be  untrue,  not  real,  =  not  to 
believe  in  them.  —  3.  c.  dat.  (rarely  termin.) : 
to  have  regard  to,  to  pay  attention  to,  to 
take  notice  of,  and  with  a  negative:  to  be 
indifferent  to,  not  to  care  about,  sr6g-la  mi 
Itd'ba  not  to  care  about  one's  life  (from 
heroism  or  desperation).  —  4.  to  be  situated 
or  directed  towards,  Tndo  ni  nub-Ui  Z^a  the 
lower  part  of  the  valley  is  situated  towards 
the  west.  —  5.  rias  bltds-pa  in  my  opinion; 


W[S(3j'  ltag4Hn 

nd'la  bltd8''na(s\  or  rUn^nas^  with  regard 
to  me,  as  for  me,  for  my  sake  Gh\ ;  yzdn- 
ma-rnams'la  bltds-pas  as  far  as  the  others 
are  concerned,  with  regard  to  the  others 
Glr,  — 

II.  sbst.  1.  the  act  of  looking,  beholding, 
V.  I,  1 .  2, ;  Itd'ba  ydns-sin  circumspect  Glr, 
—  2.  contemplation  (mystical)  v.  sgdm-^a 
1,2.  ^  3.  (^<jir)  opinion,  doctrine,  theory, 
philosophical  system,  school  (in  Tibetan  a 
verb,  cf.  rtdga-pa  II),  rtdg^par  Itd-ba  the 
theory  of  perpetual  duration  (of  earthly 
things);  ndn-par  Itd-ba  a  false  opinion,  = 
Ita-log, 

Comp.  Ita-nyul'pa  a  spy,  scout,  Ita- 
nyul  byid-pa  to  spy,  to  explore,  v.  nyul- 
ba,  —  ItorStdm^  resp.  yziff-stdns  Pth,  the 
look,  or  manner  of  looking,  air,  mien,  zi- 
bed  Ita-stdns  a  mild  look,  or  countenance, 
C«.;  Uro'bai  Ita-stdm  an  angry  or  fierce 
look  C«. ;  esp.  the  magical  and  powerful 
look  of  a  saint,  Itastdm  sig  mdzad-^a  to 
cast  such  a  magical  look  il/iZ.;  Ita-stdm- 
la  bzugs-pay  Itastdm  -  kyi  ndn-nas  M-ba 
Mil.  to  sit,  or  stride  along,  with  such  a 
look,  Le.  with  great  solemnity  of  deport- 
ment, as  of  one  in  a  trance;  Itastdns-bhi 
the  four  magical  looks,  viz. :  ^ugs-pai  Ita- 
sta'w5  the  attracting  look,  skrod-pai  Ita- 
stuns  the  repulsive  look,  Ihiin-bai  Ita^stam 
the  {)recipitating  look,  rihs-pai  Ita-stdns 
the  paralyzing  look  Cs.;  also  s^-gei^  gldn- 
'po-iei  Ita-stdm-kyis  yzigs-pa  to  look  at  a 
person  with  a  lion's  look,  with  an  elephant's 
look.  —  Ita-log,  in  later  lit.  and  col.  Idg- 
ItOj  false  sentiment,  not  only  false  doctrine, 
heresy,  but  any  irreligious  impulses  of  the 
mind,  perverse  and  sinful  thoughts,  eg. 
Idg-Ua  skyeS'te  is  used  for  conspiring  against 
a  person's  life  G/r.,  giving  way  to  doubt 
or  weakness  of  faith  Glr,,  falling  in  love 
with  a  woman  Pth,;  mi-la  Idg-lta  byed-pa 
to  slander,  to  abuse  a  person  Glr, 

1^^^  Itag-Uin  puff-ball  Sch, 

(OTrn*  Itdg-pa  1.  the  back  part  of  the  neck, 
^  nape  Med,  and  elsewh.,  frq.  —  2.  the 
upper  part  or  place,  grdl-gyi  of  the  divan. 


■5 


217 


r^^^ 


Itddrmo 


the  seat  of  honour  Dzl,  —  3.  the  back, 
gri  -  Itag  the  back  of  a  knife.  —  4.  Itag 
^og  sgyur  -  ba  to  turn  upside  down  Dzl, ; 
ltdg-na(s)y  Itug^  above,  sgo-ltag  above  the 
door,  grdn-ltag  dg&n-pa  Mil,  the  convent 
above  and  behind  the  village,  the  front- 
side  of  the  houses  being  gen.  turned  to- 
wards the  valley  and  the  river;  thus  'be- 
hind' is  equivalent  to  'higher  up';  Itdg- 
na-med-pa  (of  rare  occurrence)  for  bld- 
na-med-pa  the  highest,  ^^^4|;  Itag  sk&r- 
ba  to  strangle,  to  suffocate  Glr,;  Itag ybdd- 
pa  1.  Cs,  to  cut  off  a  man's  neck,  to 
behead.  2.  W.  to  make  a  person  change 
his  mind,  to  alter  his  sentiments;  *ne  K6- 
la  gy^g-pa  tag  bad  yin*  I  hope  I  shall 
talk  him  out  of  it,  shall  dissuade  him  from 
doing  it;  Itag  nyal-ba  to  lie  backward  Sch, 
Comp.  Itdg  -  sgo  the  back  -  door  of  a 
house,  v.  above.  —  Itag-yddd  or  -^od  1.  de- 
capitation, 2.  Sch,:  changeable,  fickle,  in- 
constant Itag-cuMed,;  Sch,:  'sinew  of  the 
neck,  the  covering  of  the  neck'.  —  Itag- 
mdud  Sch,y  Itag-sdiid  Lt, ,  the  hole  in  the 
occiput,  the  connexion  of  the  brain  with 
the  spinal  marrow.  —  Itdg-spu  neck-hair, 
mane,  of  the  horse,  of  the  lion  Ld,  -  Glr, 
—  Itdg-ma  what  is  uppermost,  e.g.  words 
written  over  other  words. 
Qjr'  Itan  1.  a  bale  of  goods,  carried  on 
^  one  side  of  a  beast  of  burden,  half 
a  load,  Itan  ynyis  two  bales,  or  a  whole 
load.  —  2.  also  Iten,  W,:  through,  quite 
through,  *p7-sta-ne  ndn-la  Itan  ton  dug* 
one  sees  from  the  outside  into  the  interior; 
Htan  bug  tjorf  bore  through!  *ltah  fon-te 
ca  dug*  he  is  passing  through,  he  does 
not  make  a  stay  here.  —  Cf.  ton, 
-j--^  Itdd-mo,  col.  also  *ltdn-mo*,  resp. 
^  yzigs-mOy  the  looking  on,  a  sight, 

scene,  spectacle,  ltdd-7no-la  ^fsogs  they 
came  together  in  order  to  look  on  Glr,; 
Itdd-mo  Itd-ba  to  look  at  a  scene,  to  be 
an  eye-witness;  Itdd-mo  Itd-bai  sa  a  place 
where  there  is  something  to  be  seen;  a 
theatre.  —  Itddr-mo-Kan  a  playhouse,  ex- 
hibition, puppet-show  etc.  —  Itddr-mo-pa 
Pth,^  *ltdd-77io-lta-mi^,  *ltnd-m0'la  yon-Uan* 


218 


^q-Cr  Itab^a 


TT.,  a  spectator,  a  visitor;  Itdd-iruMn/^an^ 
Udd-mo  stdn-pa  a  showman,  actor,  mimic 
etc.  —  grdn-yvl-gyi  Uddrmo  ma  dran  hg 
MU.  forget  the  scenes  of  viUage  life! 
qjfl'ZT  '^^-P^^  pf«  hUabSy  fut  bltab^  imp. 
^  Itob   {W.  *ltabs  ton*),  to  fold   or 

gather  up,  to  lay  or  put  together,  *kijan'' 
tab,  nt/i-tab  tab^i^  W,  to  fold  single,  to 
fold  double;  fsiim-ltab  byidrfa  to  fold  or 
bend  together  threefold,  e.g.  a  corpse  pre- 
vious to  cremation;  Udb-Tna  Cs.  a  fold, 
crease,  plait;  Itab-gri  a  clasp  knife. 
f^w^Tv'q-  ltdm(8)'pa,  pf.  bltamsy  fut. 
^  ^  ^  bltaniy  1.  to  be  full,  also  ytdms- 
pa.  —  2.  resp,  to  be  born,  skyidrpai  yab 
dan  bltams-pai  yum  the  father  by  whom 
one  is  begotten,  and  the  mother  by  whom 
one  is  born  Pth. 

f^xr  ^^^^  !•  ^80  bltar^  supine  of  ltd  -  ba, 
^  in  order  to  see;  bltdr-run-ba  visible; 
Sch.:  'pleasing  to  the  eye';  gca^  Udr-na 
yany  U  Itdr-na  yan^  be  that  as  it  may 
Glr.  —  2.  postp.  c.  a.,  Hke,  as,  after  the 
manner  of^  ri-ltar  like  a  mountain;  pyag 
byid'pa  Itar  byed-pa  to  make  a  saluting 
gesture  Glr,;  no-hes  run  mi  s^-pa  Itar 
byas  although  they  knew  . . .,  they  affected 
not  to  know...  MiL;  J)ral  mi  pdd-pa 
Itar  yodr-na  yan  being  like  one  that  cannot 
part  with,  =  being  scarcely  able  to  part 
with,  Olr.'y  Itar  sndn-ba  to  appear  like, 
hence  prob.  Itar-sndn  appearance,  simi- 
larity jScA.,  (Lea.  w.e.);  lun-bstan-pa  Itar 
(to  do  a  thing)  in  conformity  with  a  pre- 
diction Tar,;  also  Itdr-nay  and  Itdr-dUy 
mi-lo  Itdr-na , , .  yod  computed  byOiuman 
or  terrestrial  years  it  amounts  to.. .  Thgy,; 
bdd-mam^s  Itdr-na  according  to  Tibetan 
(sources)  Tar,;  H-UarQ-na)  how?  in  w^hat 
manner  or  way?  H-Uar  also  serves  to 
paraphrase  the  English  'so  that',  e.g.  'he 
played  so  that  all  were  enraptured'  is  thus 
expressed :  he  played — how  did  he  play?  — 
all  were  enraptured;  ji-ltar^-na)  as  ji-lta 
ji'ltar  , , ,  d^'lta  d^-Uar  Sambh,  even  as  . . . 
so;  JU-^ltary  di-ltar^-na)  so,  thus,  in  that 
manner;  ^di-ltar  mi  rgan  Kyod  such  an 
old  fellow  as  you  are ;  frq.  also  in  referring 


^'  Iteh 

to  the  words  of  others,  where  we  use  'that* : 
d^'ltar  bdhi-na  if  that  is  true. 
fjjx'Qjj^'gj^  Itdr-ltar-po  Lex,y  Cs, :  of  a  liquid 
^     ^  nature,  as   an  embryo  first  in 

the  womb. 

Qj^  Uas  prognostic,  omen,  more  distinctive 
^  %nd4tas;  miraculous  sign,  mirade,  pro- 
digy, more  accurately:  no-mtsdr^bai  Itas] 
bkra-Ms-pai  Itas  a  propitious  omen;  mU- 
Itas  bzdn-po  a  good  sign  in  a  dream  Ptk.] 
dgS'ltas  a  favourable  sign;  ndn-ltds^  or 
Itas-ndn  a  bad  sign  DzL;  Itds-m/can  a 
soothsayer,  fortune-teller;  Ita^s  stdn-pa  to 
soothsay  Cs, 

%'^'  lU-ri  pitcher  Sch, 

^ra-rtr*  Itig-fun  C,  a  person  of  small  stature, 
^  '  ND     perh.  a  corruption  of  Ite-fun, 

§q'q'  Utlhpa  to  fall  through  Sch. 

§^*^'  Itir-ba  v.  Idir-ia. 

ayrw  Itun-ba  1.  vb.,  pf.  Ihuny  to  fall,  to 
^  fall  off,  down,  into;  fig.:  mfd-ba  de 
yan  mfar  Ihun^no  what  is  high  will  finally 
fall  down  Dzl,\  more  esp.  to  fall  into  sin, 
to  commit  sin,  hence  nyes-lttm  an  actual 
sin,  a  sinful  deed,  Itun-byed  a  transgression, 
crime;  also  ndn-son-du  (v.  ^d-ba  I,  5), 
or  dmydl'bar  to  fall  into  damnation.  — 
2.  sbst.  the  fall,  esp.  the  moral  fall,  Uun- 
bas  gds-pa  polluted  by  sin ;  Itdn-ba  b^dgs- 
pa  confession  of  sin.^<^''^Y<^y^^^-^'V,^.i^U. 
;^q«  It^'ba  1.  navel-string,  umbilical  cord, 
^  yidd'pa  to  cut  it  Med,  —  2.  navel, 
Iti-bai  Uun(bu)  Lt.  id. ;  gld-bai  JM-ba  musk- 
bag.  —  3.  the  middle  of  a  thing,  centre, 
dkyU-Jcor-gyi  of  a  circle;  mu-Kyud  ysvmr 
gyi  Iti-bar  in  the  middle  of  three  (con- 
centric) circles  Lt,\  ran-fdg-gi  It^ba  the 
axle-tree  of  a  water-wheel  Glr.-y  sat  Iti^a 
the  centre  of  the  earth,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  natives:  Tibet\  also  cognomen  of  se- 
veral fabulous  kings  of  Tibet  Kopp,  II.,  52. 

—  Ite-ba  yhun-rdh  Lhasa,  or,  in  a  more 
special  sense,  the  palace  of  the  Dalai  Lama 

—  Ite-fug  W,  =  *tig-fun*  C, 

Q|r'  If^n^  1.  V.  Itan.  —  2.  Iten-rgyds  n.  of 
^      a  Buddha. 


^'^  It^-ka 


•5 


^^fjaj*  sta-gdn 


219 


^^It^'ka  pool,  pond  DzL 

^B'sr  Itilh^a  (cog.  to  Itdlhpa),  to  double 
^  down,  to  turn  in,  mfay  or  sn^-mo  to 
hem,  by  taming  io  the  edge,  c£  snd-mo. 
(^AQ*  ItemrTgydn  humour,  whim,  caprice, 
^  ^  Uem^gydn  byMrfa  to  be  whim- 
sical or  capridoas  Cs. 
(^•q«  lUm-fa  the  state  of  being  full,  e.g. 
^  a  vessel  full  of  water,  full,  overflowing, 
Uhnrfo  fall;  Itemnlt&m  so  fall  that  it  runs 
over. 

af  to,  seldom  Z<d-6a  (C,  il/tf.)  1.  food, 
^  victuals,  lto(b)za'ba  1.  to  eat,  /to  yan 
ma  208  he  did  not  eat  anything  Glr.\  2. 
to  gain  or  get  one's  living  C. ;  Itd^la  byin 
give  him  to  eat!  L^.;  lug- la  Ito  ster  feed 
the  sheep;  fto  yyd^a  to  prepare  food  ilfiZ.; 
*ft>  nyo  krog  hon*  C.  he  risks  his  life  in 
order  to  procure  food;  gla-ltd  wages  and 
food;  Uo-gdSy  Ito-rgydbj  food  and  clothes 
ifiZ.;  Ito  ^  rgyab  -  skyid  Le^.  prob.  food, 
clothes,  and  good  health  (comfort);  *dha 
td'ie  za  gyu  yin*  C,  now  I  will  go  and 
eat  (something).  —  Ito^^fiy  UcHrdn  ScL: 
a  person  temperate  in  eating.  —  Itd-^dun- 
^n  an  epicure,  parasite,  sponger.  —  to- 
Hn  provision  ground  which  a  person  re- 
ceives for  his  subsistence.  —  Hm-lto-can 
dainty -mouthed,  lickerish.  —  2.  goat's 
keard,  Tragopogon,  used  as  a  kitchen- 
vegetable. 

rjfq'  Ud-ba  belly,  stomach;  also  the  belly 
'  of  a  bottle;  Itd^ba  ad-la  Jb^ba-pa  to 
prostrate  one's  self. 

Comp.  Ito-gdn  a  full  belly,  also:  with 
a  full  belly  or  stomach.  —  ltd- ^gro^  Itds- 
^  I.  moving  or  creeping  on  the  belly, 
a  worm,  a  snake.  2.  symb.  num.:  8.  — 
/to(-6a)-o^(^(-pa)  t'«.:  'belly-fretting,  a 
nervous  excitement  of  the  belly'.  —  Ita- 
9tAn  with  an  empty  stomach,  jejune,  empty. 
—  Uo-ldir  belly  of  a  vessel,  Itdldir^an 
swelling  out,  bellied,  like  vessels.  —  ltd- 
na-ba,  Ito-ztig  stomach-ache.  —  l^-jpy^ 
crawling  or  creeping  on  the  belly,  a  snake; 
l^jpye  lihi-pOy  4|f^<<ii  ft  fabulous  monster 
of  the  serpent  kind,  similar  to  the  klu. 


f^n-Qff'  Itog-^dri   a  demon  Sch,;    Jbre- 
^   '    *^    Itdgs  prob.  the  «ame. 
r^n;^;rj-  Itdga-pa  I.  vb.  1.  to  be  hungry, 
^   '  Itdgs-so  I  am  hungry  Cs.y  Itdgs-au 

J)&r-ba  to  snflEer  a  person  to  hunger,  to 
starve  Dzl.  —  2.  &ch, :  to  regret,  Itogs  nyal 
ma  byeb  do  not  always  lie  in  grief  and 
regret!  Sch,(f);  ItdgS'par  bUtga-pa  resp. 
to  be  full  of  regret. 

U.  sbst  hunger. 

III.  adj.  hungry,  8hn»'han  Itdgs-pa-mams 
DzL;  Itdgs-par  ^yiir-ba  to  grow  hungry; 
Itdgs-gri  Mil  y  col.  *ltdg''ri^  W.  hunger, 
^nc^'la)  Itdg-ri  ra^  1  am  hungry,  *%od 
(-Za)  Udg-ri  ra^  you  are  hungry,  *Uo 
Itdg^a  yodT  he  is  hungry.  —  Itogs  -  pyug 
hunger  (i.e.  poverty)  and  wealth  Gh\  — 
Itog-tsdr  the  feeling  of  hunger,  Itogs- fsor 
ce  1  tan  very  hungry  Mil. 
r^^  Itdn-ga  notch,  incision,  indentation, 
^  '  mdd'lton  the  notch  in  an  arrow; 
a  depression,  ri-tdn  in  a  ridge  of  moun- 
tains, la-tdn  the  indentation  of  a  mountain- 


^^'  Itons  summK  Mil.y  frq. 

^^  Itob  V.  Itdih-pa, 

'S^'  ItOTy  sras-ltdr  a  bastard  prince  Glr. 

^^  lt08  \.  Y,  Ita-ba,  2.  Sch.=^)'tos, 

aj^q-  Itds-pa  1.  vb.,  =  Itd-buy  to  look  at, 
^  on,  or  to,  ccd.,  ynyin-po-la  ma 

U6s  -par  without  looking  to  a  spiritual 
guide  Thgy.;  Uyod  d^-la  Itos  mi  dgos-pa 
hig  yin  you  need  not  care  for  that  Mil,\ 
ri-Hh  Itde-pa  Glr.  to  look  at  (a  thing) 
hopefully;  dS-la  hds-na  if  I  look  at,  con- 
sider, this  MiLy  if  one  compares  this  with . . . 
Thgy.;  \s)nd-lto%  <H-ttig(^i)  fsdn-ma  td- 
Man*  W.  a  person  acting  with  great  cir- 
cumspection. —  2.  sbst.  the  looUng  at  or 
on,  Itds-pa  m^d-par  without  looking  at  it 
(e.g.  in  playing  at  dice);  relation,  respect, 
regard  Cs. 

wS(^  sta-gon  preparation,  arrangement, 
^  '  '  sta-gdn  by&l-pa  to  make  prepa- 
rations, to  prepare,  arrange,  fit  out;  Js6- 


220 


#• 


fa^ 


IT 


sta-zur 


^^'  sU-ba 


bat  sta-gdn-la  biens  he  rose  to  make  pre- 
parations for  dinner  Mil, 
«j-gx'  sta-zur  hip,  hip-bone,  e.g.  as  the 
^  seat  of  strength  Mil ;  s^-2:wr  ya^ 

?at^  from  the  hip  upward  DzL 
•j-^-  sta-ri  W.y  originally  sta-gri  Mil.  and 
^  C,  8^a-r^  B.fdiM^  hatchet;  dgrd-sta 
battle-axe  Lex.\  star-ltdg  Cs,  the  back  of 
an  axe  or  hatchet,  star-mig  the  hole  for 
putting  the  handle  in,  star-yu  the  handle, 
atcu^'Sd  the  edge  of  an  axe. 
KOT-  stag  1.  tiger,  rgya-stdg  the  Bengal 
^  '  tiger  Mil,;  stag-prug  a  young  tiger, 
stdg-mo  a  tigress ;  stag-fsdn  a  tiger's  den ; 
stag 'TIS  the  stripes  of  a  tiger's  skin.  — 
2.   Tar.  166,  2? 

5jjqi-x5;r  stag- cos  Mil,  utensils  carried  by 
^   '  men  about  them,  such  as  a  knife, 

smoking-implements,  weapons  etc. 
Mw-CT  stdg-pa  birch -tree;  stag -ma  n.  of 
^   '       another  tree. 

^mi'mB^  ^^'y^9  ^  ^^^  un&equent  form 
^  '  '  '  (which  prob.  has  been  adapted 
to  Tibetan  etymology)  for  ta-zig^  Persia, 
Persian. 


ydan;  saddle-cloth ;  stun  jMn-ba  to  spread 
a  mat  {on  the  ground),  ^ibs-pa  to  lay 
(a  mat)  on;  ^hc-stdn*  swaddling-cloth  W.; 
*bol'ten*  mattress,  *ttd-ten*  (lit.  pnd'Stdn) 
a  light  travelling -mattress  C;  sometimes 
substratum  of  any  kind,  also  of  hard  ma- 
terials, e.g.  ytstcb^tdn^  btsab^tdn, 
^g-  stab  1.  V.  rtab,  —  2.  Sch,:  stab  stem- 
^  pa  to  suffer,  to  tolerate,  to  yield. 
»jq«r  stabs  (cog.  to  fabsj  also  syn.  ofstam), 
^  mode,  manner,  way,  measure,  sen-^ei 
stabs 'kyis  (or  su)  ^grd-ba  to  walk  in  the 
manner  of  a  lion;  gar-stabs  v.  gar\  oppor- 
tunity, Jby&n-stabs  an  opportunity  for  going; 
*  tabs-si  Kd-^a*  (also  *M-ne,  ov  Ud4c^)W, 
when  an  opportunity  offers;  rins-stabs-m 
hastily,  speedily  Mil,;  ^kdrt-stabs*  dearA, 
famine,  wantLd.;  *rin'Stabs*  a  describing 
at  full  length,  copiousness  (stabs  ^  in  this  in- 
stance, corresponds  to  the  English  termi- 
nation ^ness',  changing  the  adj.  into  an 
abstract  noun). 

^^'  star,  for  sta-^i  q.v. 

-j«— -  stdr-ka  Sch,,  stdr-ga  Lex,,,  stdr-Ea 


OTTjT  stag-sa  a  medicinal   herb,    Glr.,   '  ^      '   (?Zr.,  walnut,  star-(jgai)  sin,  Qdn-^h 


Med,;  stag-sa-di-ba  Glr, 
Mn-nx-  stag 'Mr  a  youth,  young  man  6'., 
^'^     Mil. 
«jr'Sfy  stari'Zil  Cs,:  n.  of  a  black  stone, 

^  ace.  to  Zam,  a  silver-ore. 

^jrxr*  stanSy  Sch,  also  stdn-Jca,   manner, 

^  style,  posture,  gdmpai  stans  manner 

of  walking,  gait;  brdig- stans  byM-pa  to 
assume  a  fighting  posture  Mil,;  ltd- stans 
V.  Itd'ba  comp.;  stdn-pai  blttgs- stans  the 
sitting  posture  of  Buddha;  C:  ^Ko  ghg- 
ghgn-tan  di-mo*  his  style  of  dressing  is 
fine,  he  is  well  dressed;  ^tdm-zer-tan  Ice- 
pa*  eloquent;  even  like  a  mere  termination 
for  forming  verbal  substantives:  *zd'tan*, 
or  *  tun-tan  leg-mo*  good  eating,  drinking. 
xjr-q-  stdd-pa,  pf.  and  fut  bstad,   imp. 


stody  to  put  on,  to  lay  on,  rtd-la  sga 
to  put  the  saddle  on  a  horse,  to  saddle;  rtd- 
la  ^grd'Cas  to  load  the  baggage  on  a  horse. 
«jy  Stan  mat,  carpet,  esp.  a  carpet  for 
^^   sitting  on,  also  a  CUShton,  resp.  bi^vgs- 


star -Ha  walnut-tree  Glr,;  star-skdgs  nut- 
shell; star-sddn  trunk  of  a  walnut-tree. 
stdr-ka  byM-pa  IA,-Glr,  Schl,  f.  15,  b(?). 
»x'fl*  stdr-ba,  pf.  and  fut.  bstar,  imp.  stor, 

^  1.  to  file  on  a  string,  e.g.  pearls;  tO 

tie  fast,  to  fasten  to,  e.g.  sheep  to  a  rope, 
in  a  bivoaac,  stdr-la  rgyud-pa  id.  —  2.  to 
clean,  to  polish  Lex.  —  3.  Sch. :  to  ornament, 
decorate  (?). 
-J-,—,  stdr-buy  or  star-iun  Med,,  frq.,  the 

^  ^  berries  of  Hippophae  rharanoides, 
a  shrub  or  tree  very  frequent  in  Tibet; 
ace.  to  a  Lex,  also  a  kind  of  Rumex  in 
India. 

^fl"  stf-ba,  pf.  bstis,  fut.  bsti,  imp.  stis, 
^  1,  to  rest,  to  repose,  to  refresh  one's 
self,  sti-(bai)  ynajs  resting-place.  —  2.  to 
honour  (?);  (b)stistdn  honour,  respect,  reve^ 
ence,  byM-pa  ccd.,  to  show  a  person 
honour,  frq,;  *U6-la  ti-tdrl  dan  med^  W. 
he  is  not  esteemed  at  all,  he  enjoys  no 
credit  whatever;  bkur-sti  id.,  v.  bkvr-ba. 


%;*q'  stin-ba 


•7 


^P(^  stega 


221 


^•q-  sti/l-bay  pf.  bstinSy  fut.  bstin^  imp. 
^       8fz/^  to  rebuke,  scold,  abuse  Lexx, 

%Qf^'V  ^^^^  ^*)  "  P^  *^  ^^^^  (sacrifice), 
^   ^  rarely  used. 

^^jy  stimr-pa^  pf.  bstimSy  fut.  isfew,  imp. 
5  8ft7W«,  prop.  vb.  causative  to  Jim- 

pa,  gen.  =  ^fim-puy  to  enter,  penetrate, 
pervade,  to  be  absorbed  in^  fugs  ios-nyid- 
kyi  kUn-du  stim  Pth.  the  soul  is  absorbed 
in  the  expanse  of  the  cos-^yid. 
»•  8tu  cunnus,  orifice  of  the  vagina,  the 
>i  vulg.  and  obscene  expression  for  the 
pudendum  muliebre. 

OTi/«f\w  $tug(8)-fa  1.  abstract  noun  and 
X^'^  ^  adj.^  thickness,  density,  thick; 
stags 'po  adj.,  =  o%-i>«5  o^^'P^^  ^^^^K 
deiitte,  e.g.  a  forest,  DzL;  sound,  heavy 
(sleep,  clouds  etc.);  dpal-stugs  right  noble, 
most  noble  Ci.;  stugs-^o-bkod-pa  IVi,  one 
of  the  heavens  of  Buddha.  —  2.  a  wind, 
flatulence  C, 

RjT'fl'  stun-ba^  pf.  bstunSj  fut  bstun^  imp. 
>^  stuns  =  rtun-ba, 
«rw  stud-pay  pf.  and  fut.  bstvA^  to  repeat, 
^^  to  reiterate,  to  give  or  oflFer  repeatedly 
(medicine,  food,  beer  etc.),  bstud-na  if 
it  is  repeated  Mitg.;  sbrid-pa  mdn-po 
stud-Hn  ^on  repeated  sneezing  ensues  Lt; 
hstud-nas  nd-ba  to  be  always  ill  Sch, ;  cf. 
btudrmar, 

xj^g*  stkn-pa,  pf.  and  fut.  bstun,  prop. 
>i  '  causative  to  Jim-pa^  gen.  =  J^un- 
pa,  to  agree,  dgS-ba  bcu-la  bstun-pai  ryjal- 
hims  a  law  agreeing  with  the  ten  virtues 
Glr.;  ^dod-y&n  Iha  dan  stun-pai  lons-spgod 
a  life  of  pleasure  in  accordance  with  the 
five  enjoyments  Glr,;  dus-skdbs  dan  stun- 
te  agreeably  to  the  (proper)  time,  in  due 
time  G/r.;  nai  iin  i^md-ba  ^di  dan  sti/n- 
pat  Tngur-ma  a  song  having  reference  to 
this  my  labour  in  the  fields  Mil, ;  ykun  dan 
st&n-^a  Lex.y  Cs, :  'to  confer,  to  make  agree 
with  the  original  text*. 
W'zvst&b'pay  or  ste- pa,  Ld,^  for  httib- 
-Z         pa^  yt^-jya, 

§•  «fe  an  affix  for  the  gerund,  inst.  of  (e, 

after  g^  n^  and  vowels,   v.  te.  —  As 

ste  contains  the  copula,  it  may  be  added 


also  to  other  words  than  verbs,  e.g.  kgod 
rigs  ce-zih  mfd-ba-ste  as  you  are  of  high 
and  noble  extraction  DzL;  like  jU'lta-ste 
it  is  also  used  for  namely,  to  wit,  videlicet 
(viz.),  that  is  to  say,  esp.  before  trans- 
lations of  foreign  words  and  names:  hi-- 
ror^te  mgo'bo  zes-byd-ba  Tar.  11,  11 ;  4, 11 ; 
189,  2  and  elsewh.  In  the  latter  case  it 
may  also  be  rendered  by  or  (Lat.  sive). 
After  an  enumeration  of  several  things, 
it  serves  to  point  back,  or  to  comprise: 
ia,  za,  a,  ya,  ha,  sd-ste  drug-ni  the  six 
letters  I,  z  etc.;  ysum  nd-ro  kyi-gu  grin- 
bu'Ste  thi'ee  signs,  o,  i,  and  e  GZr.,  Tar, 
188,16;  dd'Ste  iag  bddin^na  as  to  the  being 
now,  in  seven  days,  i.e.  in  seven  days  firom 
to-day  DzL;  sometimes  ste  seems  to  stand 
in  the  place  of  a  preceding  verb,  Feer 
Introd,  73,  s.l.c. ;  at  other  times  it  is  used, 
where  its  exact  meaning  is  not  obvious, 
^gf'  st^'po^  or  steuy  carpenter's  axe,  adz, 

^  an  axe  with  its  blade  athwart  the 
handle  {Cs,:  'paring  axe'),  used  by  Indian 
and  Tibetan  carpenters,  Ilind,  basula^  ste- 
Itdg  its  back,  ste-yii  its  handle,  ste-Ud  Cs, 
its  edge,  though  in  S.g,  32  st^-Ka  so-^yis" 
pa  it  must  be  the  name  of  the  tool  itself. 
—  ste  bzog  ytdn  -ba  to  pare,  to  smooth, 
to  hew  with  the  axe.  —  ^pdg-ste*  W.  a 
plane, 
^qw-  stegs,  also  sUgs-bu,  any  contrivance 

^  '  for  putting  things  on,  a  stand,  board, 
table,  stool  etc.;  kd-stegs  the  pedestal  or 
base  of  a  pillar  Cs,;  rkdn-stegs  foot- stool, 
jack,  horse  (wooden  frame  with  legs); 
^kydn-stag*  W,  candlestick;  *<fds-stag;  'So- 
tag*  W.,  book-stand;  jiug-stegs  a  board, 
stool,  bench,  to  sit  on  Ci.;  *do-t6^C,  a 
stone -seat,  whether  artificial  or  natural; 
sndd-stegs  Cs.  'a  board  to  put  vessels  on'; 
pdV'Stegs  a  cupboard  Cs.;  *po-stag*  W,  a 
bench;  zdbs-stegs  resp.  for  rkan-stegs;  ^zun- 
teg*  C.  candlestick;  yzag-stegs  a  board  to 
place  things  on  Cs.;  zd-stegs  dining- table 
Schr,;  ysol'Stegs  id  resp.,  and  table  in 
general,  col.  *so/-jfa^;  Idm-stegs  seat.^  resting- 
place  by  the  road-side  Glr.;  ^on-  teg*  C. 
candlestick. 


222 


'¥ 


8ten 


■5 


^'CT  stdiv-pa 


^-  stea  that  which  is  above,  the  upper  part, 
^  top,  surface,  sat  stm  fams-^tdd  the 
whole  face  of  the  earth  Glr,;  s^iu-moi  stSn- 
gi  sa  the  earth  here  upon  my  finger  nail 
Dzi ;  sten^i  ndmrmKa  the  heavens  above 
DzL;  steh-gi  pyogs  the  zenith;  sten-^dg 
above  and  below,  sten-^dg-gi  ydon  demons 
of  the  upper  and  lower  regions;  sUn-na 
adv.  and  postp. :  above,  overhead,  on  high, 
up-stairs,  on  the  surface,  answering  to  the 
question  where  or  in  what  place;  stdn^u 
adv.  and  postp.  l.id.,  answering  to  the 
question  whither,  to  what  place,  but  also 
where  or  in  what  place,  e.g.  to  sit  on  a 
lotos,  to  throw  down  to  the  ground,  to 
send  a  thing  or  a  messenger  to  a  person 
DzLy  frq.  2.  above,  over,  moreover,  besides, 
in  addition  to,  rgds-pai  sten-du  in  addition 
to  my  old  ageX^.;  byds^pai  stdn-du  he 
made  it  and  besides. . .  Dzl.;  bdag  cds-la 
mi  mds-pa  midrfai  stin^du  bdn  rdnrla  mas 
I  am  not  only  no  despiser  of  religion,  but 
a  regular  Bon- worshipper  MiL ;  stdn  -  nas 
down  from.  —  stdh-ka  ( W,  ^tdn-ka*)^  also 
stSn-tse  a  terrace.  —  st^^Kan  upper  story 
of  a  house,  garret  —  *sten'd&n*(?)  W. 
pestle,  pounder. 

^^^*  8t^n-pa^  pf.  and  fut  bsten^  imp.  sten^ 
^  to  Iceep,  to  hold;  to  adhere  to,  to  sticic 
to,  to  rely  or  depend  on,  almost  like  rt^ 
pay  but  c.  accus.,  bld-^ma  mkds-pa  stSn-pa 
to  adhere  to  a  learned  Lama;  to  stick  or 
keep  to  certain  victuals,  medicines  etc.,  using 
them  regularly,  frq.;  even  sdug-bsndl  to 
have  to  taste  misfortunes  Thgt/. ;  to  addict 
one's  self  (to  virtues  or  vices),  sdr-^na  to 
avarice  Stg, ;  mi  sUn-pa  =  spdn-ia  to  avoid, 
shun,  abstain  from  Glr.\  Cs.  also:  yyog 
sUnr^a  to  keep  a  servant  in  pay. 
^j;rq'  st^m-pa^  pf,  and  fut.  stems  (=  stiri' 
^  />a?),  to  hold,  to  support  Mil.  nt, ;  to 
shut  or  fasten  a  door,  io  secure  it  by  a  beam 
or  bar.    C. 

^^- 8fem.s  curse  (?)   Tar,   181,20.    Cf. 
^  byad, 

^Qv'  steu  V.  ste-po. 

^x-n-  sUr-bay  pf.  and  fut  bster^  ccdp. 
^         1.  to  giveJ5.,  6'.,  frq.;  to  bestow, 


present,  grant,  contede,  attow;  with  the 
supine  or  root  of  a  verb:  to  let,  permit, 
ndn-^  ogro(r),  ndh-du  Jm-du  to  let  enter 
to  grant  admission  Dzh  —  2.  W.  in  a 
special  sense:  to  give  to  eat  or  to  drink, 
to  feed  (infants,  animab).  —  3.  to  add  (in 
arithmetic)  Wdk,  —  *tir-go*  aid,  COnbri- 
bufiona 

^•rr^TT'  stes-dban  Lex,^  where  stans-legs 
^  '  is  added  for  explanation;  in  Tar, 
134,  7  stes-dhan-ms  is  translated  by  Schf,: 
power  of  fete.   ^W yjC  ^^tS^J-  ^^ 

^^  sto-fag  rope  Sch, 

^:t  std-ba^  most  frq.  in  the  col.  phrase 
^  tan  mi  sto  it  does  not  matter,  it 
makes  no  difference,  it  is  all  the  same 
(also  can  mi  rtog);  MiL:  H  run  mi  std- 
ba  ^dug  it  does  not  matter  if  they  die;  H 
yan  ci  std^te  what  does  it  matter  if  they 
die? 

^^'(?)  «^<^«  W,y  a  circle  of  dancers. 

ston  1.  thousand,  ston-prdg  id.,  ston- 
prag-brgyd-pa  (the  work)  containing 
ten  thousand  (viz.  Sloka)  Kopp.  11,  272; 
Bum,  I,  462.  —  slM-^p(m  a  commander 
over  a  thousand;  stoh-Jcdr^h  a  wheel  with 
a  thousand  spokes ;  Uxs  ston  byed  Med.  that 
is  a  remedy  producing  a  thousand  good 
effects.  -  2.  a  fine  for  manslaughter,  to  be 
paid  in  money  or  goods  to  the  relatives 
of  the  person  killed;  8^S*fi-jft  ston  bySd- 
pa  Glr,y  to  proportion  this  fine  to  the  rank 
of  the  man  killed.  —  3.  v.  stdn-pa. 

^'2|m|^'  ston-grdgs  v.  stdhs-pa. 

^•q-  «<dn-pa  (ijjir)  empty,  clear,  Mdb-kyi 
^  rtsS-mo  tsam  yzitgs-pai  sa  stdn^pa 

about  so  much  clear  space,  as  to  allow 
the  point  of  a  needle  to  be  stuck  in  jD^:^; 
hollow,  not  charged  or  loaded  (of  a  gun); 
not  written  upon,  blank;  indifferent,  having 
no  distinct  or  definite  quality,  e.g.  as  to 
taste  or  smeU;  rlu/i-gi  rah^bzin  ni  ston 
mM-kyi  though  wind  (or  air)  in  itself  is 
without  smell  D^;.;  waste,  deserted,  brag- 
stdh  a  rocky  desert,  hin-stdn  a  desolate 


^ 


^CfSPJi'  ston-zil 


C(?>C 


223 


valley  Mil.;  *ian  -  stdn*  Ld, ,  *dom  -  stdn* 
Pur.,  bare -bottomed,  having  the  bottom 
bare,  vulg.;  *mi  tdn-pa*  W.,  =  *w*  kyan*, 
V.  rkycth'pa;  Ican-stdn  a  desolate  house, 
as  a  place  suitable  tor  enchantments;  fig. 
*sem  tdn-pa  raff*  W.  I  feel  lonely.  --- 
Bton-pornyid.  ^j«97T,  emptiness,  vacuity,  the 
void,  the  chief  product  of  the  philosophical 
speculations  of  the  Buddhists,  and  the  aim 
and  end  of  all  their  aspirations,  v.  Kopp.  I, 
214;  Bt^rw.  1,442;  462.  (Five  synonyms 
V.  Trig.  f.  20).  stdh  -  zdd  -  la  skyd  -  6a  to 
squander,  to  waste,  tse  one's  life  Mil.; 
stonsan-nd  absolute  vacuity,  Mh-^an-hd 
byds-nas  making  tabula  rasa,  keeping,  re- 
taining nothing  whatever  Thgy.  —  ston- 
}8dl  V.  yacU^o.  —  Adv.  atdn-par  in  vain(?) 

Ma. 

^'S^r  8ton'Zil(?)  W.  Corydalis  melfolia. 

wrxTCT  8t6n8-pa  1.  pf.  batans  (DzL),  fut. 
^  6«ton(?),  to  accompany,  *t6n-te 

dd-wa*  C.  to  go  along  with  a  person;  dis 
kyan  mi  stdns-par  ^ci  I  die  without  any 
thing  following  me  Thg^y.;  more  frq.  sto/i- 
gr6g%  byed-pa  ccgp.  (also  dat.?)  to  help,  to 
assist  a  person  Mil.  —  2.  to  make  empty; 
to  bo  empty,  to  become  waste  or  desolate, 

rdh-gi  ynas  stdns-Hrl  S.g.,  rah-hul  stdm-nas 
Mil. J  your  own  place  becoming  desolate; 
stdm-su  nyi-bar  gyv/r  it  had  become  nearly 
empty,  was  almost  spent  or  exhausted  Pih.; 
mis  stdns-pai  l^dn-^o  ruins  forsaken  by  men ; 
Mns-rgydS'kyis  itdm-pa  Thgy.  the  period 
during  which  no  Buddha  appears,  a  mi- 
Bdm-pa  V.  Il6m-pa;  sa-yhir  stdns-pa  to  level 
with  the  ground,  to  raze,  to  demolish 
entirely. 

^«  stody  Ssk.  ^^TTi  I'  *he  upper,  higher, 
^  former  part  of  a  thing,  the  upper  half 
opp.  to  amad;  1.  esp.  the  upper  part  of 
the  body,  resp.  deur^tdd  Pih.;  stod-Kdg  the 
upper  part  of  a  carcase  ScA.,  also  stddrpo 
Mil.;  atodrHydba  a  sort  of  frill  or  ruffle  of 
the  Lamas ;  stod-^dg  doublet  of  the  Lamas, 
without  sleeves;  stod-ftin  a  short  coat, 
jacket.  —  2.  the  upper  or  higher  part  of 
a  country,  stddrpa  an  inhabitant  of  it,  high- 


wT^  sUin-pa 


lander.  —  3.  with  respect  to  time:  the  first 
part,  of  the  night  DzL,  of  life  Glr.,  of  winter 
and  the  like;  stddria  at  the  upper  part  of, 
above. 

n.  V.  stdd-pa,  and  stddrpa. 
'mtzt  stdd-pa  1.  vb.,  pf.  and  fut.  bstod 
^  '  ('to  raise^  to  exalt',  opp.  to  amdd- 
pa)  to  praise,  commend,  laud,  bddg-stodr-pa, 
W.  ^rdh-todr^^,  to  praise  one's  self,  ^ran- 
tod-bav!^  a  self- admirer,  self-flatterer;  to 
extol,  to  glorify,  men,  gods  etc.,  frq. ;  stod- 
{bin)  bsnaga-pa  id.;  stod-tdg  an  epithet  of 
praise,  a  commendable  quality.  —  2.  sbst. 
praise,  eulogy ,  also  "tdd-ra*  W.;  compli- 
ments, complimentary  phrases  e.g.  in  letters; 
hymn  of  praise,  also  stod-bshags,  stod- 
dbydnSy  itod-glu;  st6d'pa(r)  bydd-pa,  W. 
^fful'd^,  ccd.  (the  former  also  c.  accus.) 
to  praise,  to  extol;  stod-^ds  laudable,  com- 
mendable, worthy  of  praise, 
^r-  ston  1.  autumn  (more  about  it  v.  dm), 
^  '  ston  brgya  mfdn-bar  gyur  big  may 
he  live  to  see  a  hundred  autumns!   Lt  — 

2.  in  autumn,  during  autumn  J5.,  frq.  — 

3.  =  ston-fdg. 

Comp.  stdn-ka,  st&r^Ua,  autumn,  *st&nn 
ka-na,  stdn-ka-la*  in  autumn,  during 
autumn.  —  ston-fdg  autumnal  fruit,  harvest, 
ston-fdg  sdd-ba  (  W.  also  ^ddg-ie*)  to  gather 
in  the  produce  of  the  fields,  to  harvest. 
—  ston^us  harvest-time,  autumn,  —  ston- 
zld  autumnal  month. 

w  st&a-pa  I.  vb.,  pf.  and  fut.  bstan, 
at  the  end  of  a  sentence  bstdn-7u> 
(so  prob.  also  in  Dzl.  9^y  10  the  correct 
reading),  W.  *(s)tdn'b^j  1.  to  Show,  lam 
st&n-big  B.,  \s)tdn  ton*  W.y  *ten  rog  jhe 
hig*  C.  show  me  the  way!  stdn-mMan  iig 
yod  somebody  has  shown  Glr. ;  bii-mo  sgo 
stdn-mUan  the  girl  that  has  shown  the 
door  Jii7.,  mfsdn-mKan-la  bu  st&n-pa  to 
show  the  soothsayer  a  child  Dzl.;  lus  stdn- 
pa,  applied  to  deities  etc. :  to  show  one's 
self,  to  appear  Dzl.;  rdzu-^priU  stdn-pa  to 
show,  to  exhibit  magic  tricks,  v.  rdzu; 
dmdg-pa  yin-no  zes  bstdn-te  'this  is  the 
bridegroom!'  with  these  words  showing, 
i.  e.  introducing   him  as   the  bridegroom 


224 


^Sr 


ston-fno 


^ 


^Sj'^ 


brtd-ba 


DzlVsSji.  —  2.=ytdd'pa,  to  face,  to 
front,  to  look  towards,  sgo  Iho-pyogs-su  ston 
the  door  faces  the  south  Glr,  —  3.  to  point 
out,  to  indicate,  describe,  explain,  c^-ba  the 
greatness  or  superiority  of  a  thing  Mil. ; 
bu-mo  dcyi  bar  ^gyur-bar  st&n-pa  tjin  it 
indicates  that  a  girl  will  be  born  Wdn,; 
H'jdra  Off  (yod)  ston  dgos  give  me  a  de- 
scription of  her  person  Gh\ ;  bstdn-par  byao 
now  I  will  explain  that,  frq.;  ji-Uar  by&n- 
pa  bstdn-pai  leu  the  chapter  describing 
the  arrival;  hence  to  teach,  (Sos  religion; 
luii  V.  luii.  —  4.  W.  to  make  one  undergo 
or  suffer,  to  inflict  (just  as  *fdn'ie*  to  suffer), 
*mi'la  nag  stdn-pa*  to  torture  a  person, 
^dug-itdlston-pa*  to  plague,  torment,  grieve. 
—  b.  W,  as  a  vb.  nt,  to  show  one's  self, 
to  appear,  *'w*w  tdn-te  yod*  this  appears 
here,  this  turns  up  or  occurs  here. 

U.  sbst.  a  teacher,  firq.,  lun-ston-pa  a 
prophet,  V.  lun;  the  stdn-pa  par  excellence 
is  Buddha,  frq.;  —  ston-niin,  and  tse-min  two 
false  doctrines  Glr.  92,  3.  (the  translation 
given  by  ScL  is  but  an  arbitrary  one). 
^P-^  stdn-mo  feast,  banquet  (v.  also  yd- 
^  '  <ra),  st&n-mo  bzdh-po,  cen-po^  a 
grand,  splendid  feast  DzZ.  ;^<^m-pa  to  prepare, 
arrange  (a  feast),  byM-pa  to  give,  hold, 
celebrate  it,  also  c.  dat.  in  honour  of; 
st&nr-mo  ^dr^-pa  to  serve  it  up  MiL^  ^y^d- 
pa  to  distribute  the  dishes,  dmans-kyi  ston- 
mo  offyM-pa  to  distribute  of  the  viands 
of  the  table  to  the  common  people  MiL^ 
zd-ba  to  eat,  or  partake,  of  such  a  festive 
entertainment  DzL;  stdn^mo-ynan^sbyin  a 
present  of  meat,  of  provisions  Glr.;  dgd- 
ston  festive  entertainment,  frq.;  md-bai 
dgd'Ston  a  feast  or  treat  to  one's  ears  Glr. ; 
cdS'Ston  a  religious  feast  Gflr.  (might  be 
used  for  agap6,  love-feast,  feast  of  charity); 
duS'Ston  a  periodical  festival,  one  connected 
with  certain  times  or  periods  Tar.;  bdg- 
ston  wedding -feast,  frq.;  min-ston  feast 
given  at  the  solemnity,  when  a  name  is 
given  to  a  child;  rdb-ston  a  feast  after 
settling  some  important  business  Cs.;  btsds- 
ston  a  feast  given  after  the  birth  of  a  child; 


fsdgS'Ston  sacrificatory  feast;  ykid'Ston 
funeral  feast. 

^q-jM-  stob'pa^  pf.  bstab  (Cs.  bsiob)^  fat 
^  bstob  Cs.j  imp.  stob^   (causative  to 

fob-pa  f)y  to  put  into  another's  mouth,  esp. 
food,  to  feed;  also  applied  to  a  mare  that 
shoves  the  grass  to  her  foal  DzL;  nan- 
tan-gyis  stdb-pa  to  press  a  person  to  accept 
of  a  dish  etc.  DzL;  in  a  more  general 
sense:  Idn-ste  stan  stdb-par  byid-pa  rising 
to  oflFer  one's  own  seat  Stg.;  to  make  a 
donation  DzL;  also  capir. :  yo-bydd  f(m»' 
ddd-kyis  stdb-pa  to  provide  a  person  with 
every  thing  within  one's  power  Tar. 
Kq^/gf N  8tdbs('po)  strength,  vigour,  force, 
^  frq. ;  lus-stobs  bodily,  snyinstobs 

mental  strength;  ju-stobs  digestive  power 
Med.;  stdbs-po  ce  of  great  physical  strength 
DzL;  stdbs-hyis  by  virtue,  by  means  of; 
stobs'^pel-nyams-brtds  byid-pa  strength- 
ening, nourishing,  oiioodiMed.;  stdbs-can, 
stobs'lddn^  strong,  robust;  stobs-cuhy  stob^ 
m^d^  powerless,  weak;  the  five  powers  of 
a  Buddha  v.  Bunt.  II,  430;  Kopp.  I,  436; 
the  ten  powers  v.  dbah  bbu.  —  stobs-cen 
1.  n.  of  a  Lu-king,  S.O.  —  2.  rammer, 
pile-driver,  (or  rdob-cinf)  C. 
M-q-  stdr-ba  to  be  lost,  to  perish,  to  go 
^  astray,  bu  st&r-ro  a  child  has  been 

lost  DzL ;  lus  dan  srog  (to  lose)  one^s  life 
DzL.,  sems  one's  senses,  lam  one's  way 
(also  fig.  to  err  from  true  religion  JW.); 
*tor  ma  dug*  W.  do  not  lose  it,  do  not 
drop  it,  carry  it  carefully;  stSt'-sa  med  it 
cannot  be  lost  or  antiquated  Mil.  —  star- 
Hun  for  ytor-Uun  drain,  gutter  Lex. 

^£" ''  brt.  . .  V.  chiefly  sub  rt. 

gx'q»  brtd  -  6a,  pf.  brtajs^  Lex. :  his  sems 
'  brtaSy  explained  by  rgyds-pa^  lo 
grow  wide,  to  extend;  gen.  to  grow  stout, 
esp.  with  nyams  DzL;  cf.  also  the  ex- 
pression for  strengthening  sub  si6bs{^)\ 
also  rtas  by^d-pa  Med.;  fig.  strong  or  great: 
offyod'pa  rtas  the  greatest,  the  sincerest 
repentance  Pth.;  bdg-Zags  rtm-pal^ 
passion  Thgy. 


q«5^^)'^'  brtdg(sypa 

qsmn^yq-  brtdg($ypa,  v.  rtdff-pa;  as  sbst., 

/  "^  preceded  by  a  genit.,  inquiry, 

examination,  Stg.,  £rq.;  gen.  c.  accus.  rmi' 
lam  brtdg(s)  --pa  examination  of  dreams 
Stg,;  rm-pch-ce  brtdg{s)^a-la  TnMas-pa  con- 
noisseur of  precious  stones  Dzl. ;  hrtdg^-pa 
brgyad  Tar.  21,  2.? 
qgr-  brtad  a  kind  of  imprecation,   which 

'  '  consists  in  hiding  the  image  and  name 
of  an  enemy  in  the  ground  underneath  an 
idol,  and  imploring  the  deity  to  kill  him; 
brtad  ^ug-pa  to  perform  that  ceremony 
MU. 
qgr'H'  fyf^d'pa  1.  Lex,  =  hU-bur  new, 

^  '      recent  —  2.  Sch.  haste,  speed,  for 
nab-pa{1f)  {Tar,  180,  2  it  should  prob.  be 
ytddrna.) 
OMrn'  brtdn-pa  adj.  and  abstract  noun; 

^  '  brtdn-po  adj.,  firm,  steadfast,  safe; 
firmness  etc.;  brtdn-par  ynds-pa,  ^tdn- 
po  ddd'de*  W.,  to  last,  hold  out,  abide, 
continue,  frq.;  brtdvrpa  tdlhpa  to  become 
finn  or  durable  (lit.  to  acquire  firmness 
or  durability)  Mil,;  brtdn-par  ^gyiir-hay 
*tan'po  M-te^  W,  id.;  brtdn-gyi  skyid  a 
continued  or  abiding  happiness  Mil ;  dban 
brtan  their  strength  is  holding  out  Med.; 
hixmrdu  Jty-pa  Glr,^  *tdnr-po  bo-de^  W., 
to  watch,  keep,  preserve  carefully;  *tdn- 
po  km^  W.  oarry  it  carefully  or  safely! 
ddm-btaS'pa  brtdn-par  hes  he  knew  his 
word  to  be  inviolable  Dzl. ;  yi  -  dam  -  la 
brtdn^as  because  he  firmly  kept  his  word 
Dd.]  dus  brtdn-fft/i  bd^-ba  eternal  welfare, 
everlasting  happiness  MU.  (perh.  this  ought 
to  be  ytan). 
atgrxr  brtdn-^may  or  bstdn-may  and  batdn- 

'  '  pa-moy  n.  of  the  goddess  of  the 
earth,  (also  skdn-may  yd-ma),  used  in 
practising  magic. 

Tq*  brtul'ba  1.  deportment,  behaviour 
Ci.  —  2.  Sch.  also  diligence,  pains- 
taking(?).  —  brtul-hiigs^  ITff  \ .  Cs.  manner, 
way  of  acting.    2.  Sch.  and  gen.:  exercise 


q^Cr  bstdd-pa 


225 


of  penance,  brtul-iugs  byid-pa  or  spyddrpa, 
to  perform  such  exercises,  to  do  penance. 
3.  penitent.  —  brtul  -  htgs  -  ban  penitent 
(adj.  and  sbst)  —  brtul-pdd-pa  v.  rttd- 
pddrpa. 

Qi^l^P[  bstdn-ba  v.  stdns-pa. 

nB^Sy  bstdn-pa  1.  v.  stdn-pa.  —  2.  sbst. 
^  '  doctrine,  a  single  doctrine,  or  a 
whole  system  of  doctrines;  sam-rgyds-kyi 
bitdnrpa  the  doctrine  or  religion  of  Buddha, 
fub-bstdn,  for  fub-pai  bstdn-pay  id.;  ynds- 
lugs  bstdn-pa  the  doctrine  of  the  position 
of . . .  Med.\  bstdn-pa  ynyis  with  Urgyan 
Padma  etc.,  the  same  as  mdoi  and  sndgs- 
kyi  lam^  v.  mdo  extr.  —  bstdn-^gyur  the 
second  great  literary  production  of  Bud- 
dhism, containing  comments  on  Kan-^^gyv^y 
and  scientific  treatises  (v.  bka-gyur  in 
bka)  Kopp.  II,  280.  —  bstan-bios  (iJT^) 
a  scientific  work.  —  bstan-rtais  a  chro- 
nological work  relative  to  the  year  of 
Buddha's  death.  —  bstan-^dzin  follower, 
adherent  of  a  doctrine,  sans  -  rgyds  -  kyi 
bstan-^dzin  Mily  Buddhist;  also  frq.  used 
as  a  noun  personal.  —  bstan-{b)Mg  col. 
a  destroyer  of  the  doctrine,  in  general  a 
good-for-nothing  fellow,  a  mischief-maker, 
an  obnoxious  person  or  thing.  —  bstan^ 
sruh  1.  a  keeper,  guardian  of  the  doctrine; 
perh.  also  -  bstan-^dzin.  2.  I(eeper,  warden, 
guardian  in  general,  Iha-Mn-gi  bstan-srun; 
Ihd  -  sai  bstansrun  the  tutelar  goddess  of 
Lhasa,  ace.  to  Glr.  =  dpal-lha-mo.  3.  in 
general  the  contrary  to  bstan-bsig. 

Q^xr  ^*^^  supine  of  sti-ba;   bstir-mdd 
^      ^restlessness',    one  of  the   infernal 
regions. 
q^m;rq<  bstugs-pa  to  malce  lower,  to  lower 

>5  '  Sch.(?), 

q^x-q-  bst^-pa  1.  vb.  V.  stSn-pa.  2.  sbst. 
^  '      confidence,  —  brtdn-pa  Bhar. 

^^^'^'  bstod-pa  V.  stddrpa. 


15 


226 


^  ta 


^ 


^srp' 


fa-ma-Ha 


^ 


i 


«•  fa,  the  letter  t  aspirated,  like  the  Eng- 
^   lish  t  in  'tea', 

«•  fa  1.  num.  fig.:  ten.  —  2.  every  thing, 
^  all,  total  Sch.(?), 

ffSffT  ^^'^^^^  ^  certain  star,  faskdr-zla- 
^     6a  a  month,  prob.  =  ^iffn  (April- 
May);   fa-skdr-gyi  bu  irf^Qpft  twin  half- 
gods. 

i^WT  ta-'Udb  Lh.  a  large  needle. 

j^qj'Cr  fd-gorpa  a  weaver  Da:/. 

n-qr  fa-^rw,  vulg.  f/-^,  1.  a  short  cord  or 
nJ  rope.  —  2.  string,  twine,  for  making 

garlands  Stg.\  a  bell-rope  Dzl, 

g-CT-  fa-gruj  originally  tag-gru  Pth.y  ex- 
^  tension,  width,  breadth,  Jzam-bu-glin" 

yi  ta^gru  kun-la  Glr,  in  the  whole  extent 

of  Dzambuling;  fa-gru  ci-ba  Pth.  extensive. 

erSfjr'  fa^g^d  1.  obtuse,  rounded  off  Sch. 

^^   -  2.  MU.f 

1^(5^'  fa-^dd  very  bad,  mean  Cs, 

or  XT*  ^A  ~  ^^  tt'C  Iflst  month  of  a  season 
^  (v.  dvs),  e.g.  dpifid'zla  ta-'Sun  the 
last  month  of  spring,  opp.  to  rd-ba,  (and 
Jyinn  -  po) ;  the  youngest  of  three  or  more 
sons,  opp.  to  rob  (and  Jyvih-po  the  middle 
one). 

n-Kjr*  fa-mydd  1.  appellation,  i:«8  fa-myad- 
y^  du  grogs  so  it  is  called  TTdw.; 
Tar.  96,  13;  178,  3;  TTos.  (296):  suppo- 
sition ;  condition,  fasnydd-^ai  bdki-pa  con- 
ditional truth.  —  3.  Schr,\  etymology,  Cs, 
only:  part  of  grammar;  so  frq.  used  by 
grammarians,  e.g.  fdg  dan  fa^snydd  ddb- 
pa  to  learn  spelling  and  etymology.  4. 
In  col.  language  I  heard  it  used  only  for 
talking  or  disputing  in  a  conceited,  foolish 
manner,  so  also  in  MU,  —  Lex.  in  con- 
formity with  each  of  these  significations 
=>  eiiqf  14^  from  ^^if^  to    distinguish,    to 


name;  to  dispute.  —  ta-snyad-ytig-pa  n. 
of  a  school,  of  a  system  or  doctrine  Tar,; 
fa-snyadr-grtdhpa  n.  of  a  literary  work. 
-..-.«.  fa-dddrpa  different,  various,  sundry, 

'  ^      gen.  opp.  to  ytig  or  ycig-pa;  dgds- 
pa  fa-dddrpa  the  various  wants  of  a  man 
DzL;  fa^-^mi'dddr-pa  alike,  equal, 
n-jj'  fa-7ia  even,  so  much  as,  up  to,  fd-na- 

'  srog-cdgs  grdg^sbur  yan^cdd  even  Ae 
smallest  insect  Stg.;  fd-na  yig-obru  re-re 
yan-'Cdd  even  every  single  letter  Thgy,\ 
at  the  close  of  an  enumeration:  finally  abo 
Ld.-Glr.  Scki.  20,  6. 

i^^'^^  fa-pinfurpi  confusion,  disorder  S«k 
i^^FT  fd-pag  v.  fdr-dpag. 

^^  fd'ba  Q^fu'ba)  bad  Mil 

n-g;r  fd-ma  the  last  of  several  things,  with 
respect  to  number,  time,  rank,  the 
lowest,  meanest,  most  interior,  often  opp. 
to  rab  and  Jyrin,  and  also  to  Icydd- par- 
can;  it  appears  somewhat  singular,  that 
yban-zdn-gyi  fd-ma  signifies  a  cat,  and 
Jtab  cdgS'kyi  fd-ma  a  hen  Glr.;  dus-hyi 
fd-ma-la  in  the  last  times  Glr,,  prob.  also 
alluding  to  the  general  decline  taking  place 
towards  the  end  of  the  Ealpa;  sometimes 
it  is  to  be  translated:  in  the  last  place, 
finally,  at  last  Glr.,  like  fd-mar  Dd.  :?c^,  H ; 
last  =  parting  (parting-cup,  parting-kiss); 
for  the  last  time:  ynyhi-gyi  fd^mas  bskor 
he  sees  his  relations  for  the  last  time 
around  him,  zds-^kyi  fd-ma  za  he  eats  for 
the  last  time  Thgy.;  fd-ma-la  c.  genit  at 
the  end  of,  after.  —  ^prdd-pat  fd-ma  ni 
Jyral,  yson  -  pai  fd  -  ma  ni  S  -  ba  yin  the 
end  of  every  meeting  is  parting,  the  end 
of  every  living  is  dying. 

fa-ma-Ma^ Cs.y  vulg.   W.  *fd-7nag*, 
tobacco,  Jun-ba,  W,  resp.  *d(^n-^* 
to  smoke  (tobacco).  ^ 

^'' \^V    ' 


^^Y 


^ 


227 


^^• 


!S[^OJ^'SJ'  fa-mdl-pa 

-.jrj^g,  fa-mcU^pa  (fa-mdl  abbreviated 
from  fd-ma-ld)  1.  mean,  vulgar, 
plebeian,  fa-mdl-par  ^ditg-pa  to  live  like 
tbe  vulgar  Dzl,  —  2.  ordinary,  usual,  fa- 
mdl-^a  ma  yin  that  is  no  usual  thing  DzL ; 
fa-mdl  adv.  =  poL-Mr. 

fa-/5wjr  ScA.  ^oath';  but  in  two  pas- 
sages of  Dd,  Hi  fa-fstg  can  only 
mean:  Svhat  signifies?' '^^ ^ -       "  =  i^a  ^ 
h-xmS^'  fa-^'a-fo-ri  W,  wide  asunder,  wide, 
^ta-ra-fo-rS  idg-pa*  C,  to  scatter, 
to  throw  loosely  about. 

fa-rdm  1.  Sch.:  'the  breadth  of  a 
plain\  —  2.  a  medicinal  herb  Med,j 
in  LA.  Plantago  major, 
g-x'  fa-ru  Tar,  20, 17,  Sch/,:  'the  utmost 

limits',  or  it  may  be  a  p.  n. 
g-gj-  fa-li  W.,  *fe'h^  C,  Eind,  irf^L  *^ 
tin  plate. 

^iSfc"  fo-W^  tr.  a  sort  of  red  cloth. 

ffjaor  ^o,'^<^l  Sch,:  'the  end,  the  conse- 
'      quence;  bad';  Bhar,:  skyh-bu  fa- 
kdl  nyid  Schf, :  homo  nequam,  a  good-for- 
naught. 

mr  fag  1.  sometimes  for  ^fag^  Glr,  —  2. 
'    distance  a.  relatively  (prob.  from  fdg- 
pa  measuring-cord,  surveyor's  chain)  only 
in:  fa^-r/w-ia  adj.  and  abstract  noun,  fag- 
rin(-po)  adj.,    W.  *fag'Hn'(mo)*  distant,  a 
great  distance,  sa  fag-rinis)  a  far  countr; 
©&•.;  with  dan  or  Za«  far  from;   fag-mi^ 
rin-ba  not  far  JYA.;  fa^-^n^-po^-nas  from 
afer,   from  a  distance  Thgy,\  ta^-nyi-ha 
near;  proximity;  W,  adj.  ^tag-nyi-mo* ;  tag 
H-tsam  how  far?  Cs,;   fag-gru  v.  fa-gru, 
b.  absolutely,   only  with  respect  to  time, 
in:  ma- fdg  but  just,  just  nOW^  gen.  with 
a  verbal  root,  sfeJ  ma-fdg  yin-pa  he  that 
has  arrived  just  now  Glr,;  snat  Mad  ma-- 
fdg-pa  (the  passages)  that  have  been  ex- 
plained just  now  Gram, ;  as  an  adv.  gen. 
nortdg-iu^  or  only  ma- fdg ^  frq.,  e.g.  fos 
ma-fag-tu  as  soon  as  he  had  heard;    de 
fna-fag-tu  directly,  immediately,  in   W, 
^ma-fdg-fs^,  —  3.  fag-fdg  v.  fog -fdg,  — 
4.  fag-ybdd-pa  v.  fdg-pa  I, 
W\u\\  fag-fdg^  with  *jM'pa*  6'.,  ^id-ie* 
'     '  to  knock,  ago  at  the  door. 


!^^  fdg-pa 


mrcy  fdg-pa  I.  rope,  cord  (in  Lh,  hempen 
'       ropes,    as  a  foreign   manufacture, 
are  often  distinguished  from  other  ropes, 
by  being  called  '^^,  baUfdg  rope  made 
of  wool,  ral'fdg  rope  of  goat's  hair,  rtsidr 
fdg  rope  of  the  long  hair  of  the  yak,  rtsa- 
fdg  J  or  'pon-fdg  Glr,  rope  of  grass;  Udgs- 
(kyi)  fdg  -  pa  chain ,  wire  -  rope ,  used  as 
fetters  or  otherwise;  ^ras-fdg*  W,  bandage; 
fag-mig  mesh  of  a  net  Sch,\  fag-zd  rope- 
maker's  work  Pth.  —  fdg  yidd-pa  vb.  a. 
(fag  ^dd'pa^  or  ?ad  -  pa  vb.  n.  or  pass.) 
1.  to  cut  a  cord,  bdag  m/S-du  dan  Jbril- 
fag  bcdd-pas  bde  I  am  glad  of  having  cut 
the  cord  (tie)  which  united  me  with  my 
family  Mil. ;  gen.  with  re,  the  cord  of  hope, 
e.g.  ^6'bai  ri-fag  'Sad  the  cord  of  the  ' 
hope  of  going  on  a  journey  is  cut  off,  i.e. 
the  journey  has  been  given  up  Glr,;  Schr,: 
^6'fag  ycdd^a  to  wean  (a  child) ;  bU-fag- 
dod  deliberation  is  cut  off,  the  matter  is  de- 
cided or  resolved  upon ;  hence  frq.  without 
bh:  2.  to  decide,  resolve,  determine,  rgyal- 
po  bkrdh'bar  fag-bddd  it  was  determined 
to  murder  the  king  Glr,;  Uyod  ynyis  nd- 
la  Mn-ma  mi  len  fdg-cdd-pa-na  if  you 
positively  refuse  to  give  me  a  wife  Pth.; 
*fa^'hdd  mi  Kyud^  W,  I  have  no  right  to 
decide  on  th^t  point;   fag-cdd-pa  bySd-pa 
to  decide,  pass  sentence,  give  judgment 
Mil;  to  be  sure,  decided,  certain, . . .  grdns- 
par  fag-bhdd-de  (cf.  above)  as  it  is  quite 
certain  that  he  has  died  Mil, ;  . . .  yod  fag- 
c6d  there  are  certainly  . . .  Glr, ;  (^os   dar 
J>h  fag-ldd  it  is  quite  certain  that  religion 
will  spread  Mil, ;  Itd-bas  fag-bhdd-nas  being 
immovable  in  contemplation ;  with  ternun. : 
to  know  for  a  certainty,  to  understand  or 
see  clearly,  rdn-sems  cos-skur  fag-lldd-bih 
knowing  one's  own  mind  to  be  vain  and 
frail  (v.  cos'sku  sub  sku  2)  Mil,;  sndn-ba 
8^1718 '  su  the  visible  world  as  a  thought, 
as  imaginary,   i.e.   as  nothing  Mil,;  fag- 
c6d  certainty,  surety,  evidence,  ^on-kyan 
fag  -  c6d  byed  dgos  but  one  should  know 
it  for  certain,  one  must  be  sure  of  it  Mil,; 
Itd-ba  fag-^ddrkyi  mdl-Jyar-pa  you,  the 
ascetic,  firm  in  meditation!  Mil  —  *fag- 
W-rb§^-Sg>^  C.  resolute. 


«28 


Sp^  fags 


^ 


II.  prob.  =  dag  -^a,  in  ^]/in  (or  ze^  or 
bsdm-pa)  fdg-pa-nas  with  a  faithful  heart, 
with  all  my  heart,  heartily,  ie  fdg-pai  iu- 
ba  Mil.  a  sincere  prayer  or  entreaty. 

Note.  In  fag^a  and  other  words  be- 
ginning with  f,  (e.g.  tan^  fo\  d  sometimes 
takes  the  place  of  f,  and  this  uncertainty 
in  the  use  of  the  initial  letter  dates  perh. 
from  a  time,  when  the  aspirated  pronun- 
ciation of  the  media  first  began  to  be  adopt- 
ed in  C,  and  was  not  yet  generally  in- 
troduced. 
gjTOT  fags  texture,  web,  fags  Jag -pa  to 

'  weave  Dzl,y  fags-Jfa^-mkan  col.  for 
fd-ga-pa^  also  fdgs-mkan  Pfh.  a  weaver; 
*fser'fdg*  W,  thorn-hedge,  fence  consisting 
of  thorn;  fags  -  Uri  (weaver's)  loom  Ld.- 
Glr,;  fdgs-gra-Jm  Cs,^  ^fdgs^Kan-bu*  W.^ 
spider;  fdgs-^a  weavers  implements;  fags- 
ynajSy  fdgs^ra,  a  weaver's  place  or  shop 
6s.;  fags'brdn  bydd-pa  JW*/.,  *fag  rdn-b^ 
W.,  to  begin  the  warp. 

^s^'^pi'  fags-fdgs  impediment  Ci* 

nr-  tan  1.  also  fdri-ma  Mil.y  fdn^bu  DzL 
Ms.,  *fdn-ka*  W.,  flat  country,  a  plain, 
steppe;  also  fig.  like  i^in^  bde-cin-gyi  fan 
land  of  bliss  Mil.;  fdn-la  (from  the  house) 
into  the  plain  or  steppe,  =  into  the  open 
air  Dzl.'^  fdn-la  Itun  -  ba  to  fall  to  the 
ground;  *mofdh*  W.  the  unfloored  bottom 
of  a  room;  gramr-fdn  a  fenny  or  swampy 
plain  Cs.;  spah^fdn  a  green  grassy  plain 
or  steppe,  meadow,  prairie;  by  an- fan  the 
northern  steppes  or  plains  of  Tibet  (used 
as  a  noun  proper);  bye-fdn  a  sandy  desert 
or  plain ;  ^ol  -  fan  ground  covered  with 
(snail-)  clover,  pasture  ground,  grassy  plain; 
hag-fdn  a  gravelly  plain;  fdh-du  byid-pa 
Cs.  to  lay  waste,  to  make  a  desert  of,  fdn- 
du  ^^gyur-ba  to  become  a  desert.  —  2.  Ob. 
price,  value,  perh.  also  amount;  rin-fdh  id. 
Dzl;  rin-fah'can  dear,  precious.  Mil;  yon- 
fdn  \.  W.  income,  profit,  2.  6.  =  ydn-tan 
talent,  natural  gift,  faculty;  h-fdn  yearly 
tribute,  ybod-pa  to  fix,  to  order  it  Tar.; 
za  -  fan  (a  person's)  capability  of  eating 
Thgy.  —  3.  W.  for  dwans  clear,  serene, 


^•§$I'  tan-pr&m 

*nam  fah^  a  cloudless  sky,  fine  weather; 
*dan  pi-ro  fdh-te  yo^  fthe  sky)  was  cloud- 
less last  night  —  4.  potion  Med.  —  5. 
=  bha-fdn.  Order,  command,  Q>ka)  fan-yig 
decree;  pad-ma-fan-yig  is  the  abridged 
title  of  a  collection  of  legends  about  Padma 
Sambhava.  -  6.  (resin?)  fan^H  resin,  gum, 
e.g.  of  fruit-trees.  —  7.  a  very  short  space 
of  time  (the  statements  as  to  its  length 
vary  from  five  seconds  to  one  minute  and 
a  half),  a  moment,  a  little  while,  gen.  fan 
ycig,  not  seldom  joined  with  skad  dig  and 
ytid  tsam;  fan  tsam  id.  PtL;  cig-fan^  bhi- 
fan  one  moment,  four  moments;  Lty  fan- 
rd  S.g.j  one  after  the  other  Sch.  —  8.  v. 
fan-ka.  —  In  a  few  instances  the  mean- 
ing of  fan  is  not  quite  evideut. 

Comp.  fan-Krun  bastard  Sch.  —  fah-ctt 
V.  fan  C.  —  fan-stijn  uninhabited,  deso- 
late; wilderness.  —  fari-jyru  Sch.  'cedar- 
nuts',  perh.  =  hMfiyon-tsi  q.v.  —  fan-^mdi* 
tar  Cs.  -  ^fan-ma-lar-la-'ts^  a  small  lizard 
Ld.  —  fan-yzi  market-price,  *fan-ki  ?«o^ 
C.  the  market-price  abates.  —  ^fan-zi*  W. 
fata  morgana  —  fan-rdg  cedar  (?)  Sch. 
—  fan-^n  fir,  pine. 

nr  7M  gr 'rn*  ^<^^  -  ^^  ^dn  -  ga^  resp.  M- 
^  ''  ^  '  fa/i,  W.  *sku-fdn\  Tar.  fan- 
skuy  image,  prop,  of  human  beings,  at  pre- 
sent s=  picture,  painting,  in  a  gen.  sense, 
also  of  landscapes  etc. 
gr'rm:^'  ^<^  -  dkdr  the  white-tailed  eagle 
^  ^J  Sch. 
^'^'  fan- fdn  v.  the  following  word. 

oT'tf  fdn-po,  tense,  tight,  firm  (=  Jdn- 
pof);  fan-lhdd  tight  and  loose;  also 
tenseness  fig.  MU. ;  fdh-ha  ybdd-pa  to  strain, 
to  stretch,  cddrpa  vb.  n.  or  pass.  Stg.^  MU., 
C;  *ziig-po  fan-nam*  C.  are  you  well?  — 
rkan-fdn^du  or  la  on  fOOt,  v.  rkdn-pa 
comp. ;  fan  ydod-pa  tO  tire,  to  fatigue  Mil.y 
fan  cod-pa  or  cad-pa  to  be  tired,  wearied 
Pth.;  *gom-fdn  Idb-de  (jlu-gu-la)*  W,  to 
lead  a  child  in  walking,  to  teach  a  child 
to  walk;  sa-fdfl-fdn  to  the  utmost  of  one's 
power  Sch. 

--•^^.  fan-prdm  a  medicinal  herb  MecLy 
^       Wdn.  =  dha-tu-ra  thorn-apple  (?). 


c 

e 


i^'^A'  tdn-m 

gr*^  fdn-^a  v.  sub  fan-po;  tan-Hh  v.  fan 

'   com  p. 
grvrrrv  fdd(-ka)  1.  the  direction  straight 

'  forward^  sten  dan  ^oy  dan  fdd-ka 
fctma-tdd-^u  upward  and  downward,  aud 
in  every  other  direction  Stg.;  steh-^og-fddr 
kar  straight  upward  and  downward  S.g,; 
po^rdn-gi  fdd-kar  pyin  they  came  straight 
towards  the  castle;  tdd-ka-na  directly  be- 
fore Thffy.;  dd  nub-tdd-kyi  that  which  is 
situated  to  the  west  of  it  Tar,;  most  frq. 
fdd-du  c.genit. towards, in  straight  direction; 
over  against;  in  presence  of  e.g.  to  assemble, 
to  propound,  to  lay  before  one,  to  study  under 
a  professor  Dzl-y  exactly  in  the  place  of 
a  thing  Tar,  17,1;  aai  fdd-nas  cod  Tar, 
159,4  prob.:  cut  off  only  from  the  flesh; 
*fe''kj/a,  f^^'kan-la*  Ts,  straight  on;  fad- 
dran-na  directly  before  Wdn,;  ^fad-nyd* 
W.  over  against,  opposite,  facing;  fdd-so-na 
=  fdd-ka-na  Mil,  —  2.  fad-kar  each  for 
himself  Glr.  —  3.  entire,  whole,  untouched, 
safe  (integer)  6'.  and  perh.  Thgy, 

^  frq.  abbreviation  for  ^^T^^'  fams- 

tdd^  whole,  all. 

^  fan.  Hind,  irni7  =  3W)  *  P>CCe  of  cloth. 

orrMx'  tan-k&r^  tan-skar  Lej;,^   surround- 
'    '      ing  country  Sch. 

^^  fan-tun  {Schr.  fad-fun)  a  little  Sch. 

^Cj'  fcfn-pa  dry  weather,  heat,  drought  Olr. 

Hq-  fab  l,resf,  ysol-fdb,  fire-place,  hearth, 
me-fdb^  id.;  also  for  stove,  Ibays-fdb 
iron  stove;  fab  dor  'the  hearth  is  running 
over',  i.e.  the  food  placed  on  it  runs  over 
in  boiling,  a  mis-hap  the  more  serious,  as 
the  household  god  is  offended  by  the  evil 
smell  caused  thereby.  —  2.  v.  sub  can, 

Comp.:  *fdb-ka*  W,  fire-place,  *fdbka 
Uam  yod*  how  many  fire-places,  i.e.  house- 
holds, are  there?  —  fah-Uun  opening  or 
mouth  of  a  stove,  furnace,  or  fire-place; 
V.  also  Schl,  249.  —  fab  -  ynds  fire-place, 
furnace,  oven  Cs,  —  *fab-fsdn*  W.  kitchen. 
—  fab-pyiSy  W,  *fah-pif^  clout,  dish-clout, 
wiper.  —  fab-yidb  burnt  smell.  —  ""fab- 


q  229 

^^F^,    ^''^  fdm-ga,  fdnUa 

Ids  dd-kan*  W.  cook.  —  fab-yydg  kitchen- 
boy,  scullion  Pth,  —  fab -kin  fire -wood, 
fuel.  —  fab-lhd  deity  of  the  hearth. 

^''^  fab-fdb  W.  =  fom-fom, 

nq^  fabs  {cog.  to  stabs),  opportunity,  chance, 

possibility,  ♦fd/i-or  Ml-fdb  ma)un*  W. 
I  had  no  opportunity  of  seeing  or  going; 
"fob  hg  nyi-rdn-nc  mi  jiin-na*  W,  if  you 
offer  no  chance,  if  on  your  part  it  is  not 
made  possible;  fabs  mi  fvb  Dzl,  and  col.  I 
am  not  able,  I  cannot;  ydan-drdns-pai  fabs 
med  I  then  shall  lose  the  opportunity  of 
meeting  (the  princess)  Glr.;  J/rds-pai  fabs 
med  there  is  not  any  chabce  of  escape 
Glr, ;  Idm  -  la  yiol  -  fabs  med  there  is  no 
occasion  for  stopping  or  tanying  on  the 
road  Mil;  way,  manner,  mode,  klog-fabs 
way  of  reading,  e.g.  Sanskrit;  rkun-fabs- 
su  in  eL  thievish  manner,  by  theft  Stg,; 
rgydl-poi  fabs  ytdh-ba  to  give  up  the  way 
(of  life)  of  a  king,  to  resign  the  crown 
2)2;/.,  fabs  ycig-tu  together,  in  company, 
jointly,  e.g.  to  sit  down  with  one  another, 
to  go  together  to  a  place,  frq.;  means, 
measures,  fobs  byed-pa^  W,  ""co-bey  Hydn-ce* 
to  use  means,  to  take  measures;  bio  fabs 
Jfs6l-ba  to  contrive  means  Ma,\  fabs  stdn- 
pa  to  show  means  or  ways,  to  give  di- 
rections, to  instruct  Glr,;  Jfsd-fabs  liveli- 
hood, subsistence;  fabs  zad  there  is  nothing 
else  to  be  done  Glr,;  hi-bai  fdbs-kyis  in 
a  fair  way,  amicably,  not  by  constraint 
or  compulsion  Glr.;  fdbs-kyis  by  various 
means,  by  artifice,  cunningly,  craftily; 
fdbs(-la)-m/lds-pa^   fdbs-hes-pa^   W,   also 

*fdb  -  ban"",  skilful,  dexterous,  clever,  full  of 

devices;  da  bdd-du  ^6-fabs  gyis  Hy  now 
take  steps,  make  preparations,  for  a  jour- 
ney to  Tibet  Glr.\  de  ysdn-poi  fabs  ydd- 
dam  is  there  a  means  of  recalling  those 
men  to  life?  fabs-cdg  Mil.^  *fab-Mg*  or 
*feb-Mg*  vulgo,  a  shift,  make-shift,  surro- 
gate; fabs  (dan)  ses  (-rob)  the  mystical 
union  of  art  and  science,  or  {Sch,  less  cor- 
rectly) of  matter  and  spirit,  cf.  Was,  (144). 
m^T'cn-  g^'m*  fdm-ga^  fdm-ka  a  seal,  sign 
'  '    Cs,y  v.  ddm-Ua, 


230 


^^$r  tamrtdm 


^ 


igraf  q*  tdl-ba 


Mt-nxr  fam'tdm  Sch.   1.  also  fdm-me^ba^ 
unconnected,  scattered,  dispersed.  — 

2.  famrfdm  (byed)  -pa  =  Jdm-pa. 
agvzr  fdm-pa  (sometimes  fern  -  pa)  com- 
plete, full,  almost  exclusively   used 
as  a  pleon.   addition   to   the   tens  up    to 
hundred. 

35I?r^'  ^«^^-^'«^  whole,  all;  added  to 
'  the  singular  number :  rgyal-Udrm 
famS'ddd  the  whole  empire  Glr.;  lus  farm- 
ddd  na  the  whole  body  aches  (opp-  to  one 
part  of  it);  bdd-kyi  zam  fams-ddd  all  the 
copper  of  Tibet  Glr. ;  more  frq.  added  to 
a  plural  (though  usually  in  the  form  of 
the  singular  number):  all  (the  persons  or 
things),  de  tarm-bdd^  rarely  d^-dag  tarns- 
bdd^  all  those;  fams-bdd-kyis  so-sd-nas  all 
of  them  one  by  one,  each. 
m;j«rq-  fdms-pa  (=  Jtdm-paf)^  sa^  or  bye- 
fdim-su  ojug-pa  to  suffer  (a  person 
or  beast)  to  stick  fast  in  the  mud,  in  the 
sand  (?)  Glr,  84. 
1^'  tau  Wdn,  capsule  (?),  Wu,  peach  (?). 

i^^  far  V.  far-tor, 

^xraxr(oy\  ^^r-fdr(-la)  =  fa-7*a-fO'r^  (cf. 
^^^^^  ^  Jdr-ba);  'far  bds-se  dug*  Ld. 
sit  wide  asunder,  not  too  close  together! 
far  byed -pa  Mil  to  break  to  pieces,  to 
smash,  to  crush. 

i^'(3r  fdr-nu  a  purgative  Med, 

M-rqqr  far-dpdg,  (J,  *far-J}dg''^  W,  *td- 
^  '  bag*  a  large  plate,  dish,  platter. 
n;^*q<  fdr-ba  to  become  free,  to  be  saved, 
*far  go8^  or  got*  W.  he  must  become 
free,  las  from ;  to  be  not  hindered  or  pre- 
vented, to  get  through,  to  get  on,  to  be  able 
to  pass,  ^u-la  through  the  water  Mil,;  zas 
mi  far  the  food  cannot  pass  through  Afed, ; 
to  be  released,  acquitted,  discharged,  Vm- 
na*  C.  by  a  court  of  justice;  fdr-du  ojug- 
pa  to  set  at  liberty,  to  acquit,  with  fse 
(col.  *fse  -  fdr  -  la  tdii  -  iva*)  to  pardon  (a 
malefactor},  to  grant  him  his  life,  frq.,  to 
let  live  (animals)  Mil,;  often  in  a  religious 
sense  (with  or  without  mdm-par)  to  be 
saved,  freed,  released,  viz.  from  the  trans- 


migration of  souls;  more  frq.  the  pf.  far- 
pa  1.  to  be  free  etc.,  lam  far  the  road  is 
free^  passable.  2.  sbst.  freedom,  liberty,  hap- 
piness,  eternal  bliss,  ift^,  far -pax  rgyur 
^yur  it  will  be  serviceable  for  (my)  liberty; 
fdr-  (pat)  lam  the  road  to  happiness  (a 
common  expression);  far-m^d-kyi  dmydl- 
ba  hell  without  release.  3.  adj.  free,  far- 
par  ^gyur-ba  to  become  firee,  byM-pa  to 
make  free,  to  liberate,  to  save;  f(ir-«a  place 
of  refuge,  asylum  Thgy. 
apj'  fal^  sometimes  for  fa-li;    fdl-gyis  v. 

fdl-ba  II.  3.  L^  (^  '^  {cc  ' 
gOJ'fl'  fdl-ba  I.  SDSt.  1.  dust  (cf.  rdul\ 
ashes,  and  similar  substances;  gog- 
fdl  ashes;  *fug-fdV  (*soup-dust')  roasted 
barley -flour  C.  —  fal-kdr  a  kind  of  ele- 
phant, Cs.,  perh.  the  ash-coloured.  —  fdU 
cu  lye.  —  tal-cSn  ashes  of  the  dead;  also 
a  sort  of  light  gray  earth,  representing  the 
former,  and  used  for  bedaubing  the  face 
in  masquerades  Mil,  —  fal-tdg  Ld.  un- 
leavened bread.  —  fal-mddg  ash-coloured, 
cinereous.  —  fal-pydgs  broom  Sch,  —  fai- 
byi  the  gray  or  cat-squirrel.  —  fal-fsd  a 
sort  of  salt  Med.  —  2.  bya  -  fal  dung  of 
birds  Glr, 

II.  vb.  (6i.  also /dZ-ia)  1.  tO  pass,  to 
pass  by,  *fal  ca  dug*  W,  he  goes  past,  he 
does  not  come  in;  *zdm-pa  fal  ?a  (%*, 
he  goes  past  the  bridge,  does  not  pass 
over  it;  to  miss  the  mark,  of  an  arrow 
or  ball;  rba  fal-fdl^on  the  waves  flow 
past  Mil,  —  2.  to  go,  step,  pass  beyond, 
lo  Ind-bcu  fdl-nas  when  the  age  of  fifty 
has  been  passed  Wdn,;  *cu-fs6d  yHg  fsd- 
big  fal*  W,  a  little  past  one  o'clock;  s«o- 
ba-las  fal-nas  dmar-zin  Thgy.,  prob.  inebn- 
ing  from  blue  to  red;  to  be  in  the  ad- 
vance 6'.;  to  project,  to  be  prominent,  hence 
fal -fun  different  lengths,  one  object  pro- 
jecting beyond  another;  to  play  a  promi- 
nent part,  to  take  the  lead  W,;  fat-ces-pa 
to  exceed  the  due  measure  Sch.;  *lca  fal- 
wa*  to  be  forward  in  speaking,  bold.  — 
3.  to  go  or  pass  through,  brdg-la  yar  fal 
mar  fal,  and  par  fal  fsur  fdl-du  ^gro-ha 
to  soar  up  and  down  before  a  rock,  and 


!3pJi^  tdlrfno 


^ 


^(^  fig-le 


231 


to  pass  actually  through  it  (the  saints  not 
being  subject  to  the  physical  laws  of  matter) 
Mil,,  ThffT.;  to  shine,  to  light  through;  tal- 
°byun'du  ^grd-ba  to  go  straightforward,  to 
act  without  ceremony  or  disguise  DzL 
7vS?,  3 ;  fdl-ma  ScL,  fdUU  C,  through  and 
through;  fdl^yis  directly,  straightway,  unhesi- 
tatingly Mil.  —  4.  to  come  or  get  to,  to 
arrive  at  (  W,  *td'ce*\  fdl-nas  lo  ysum  Ion 
three  years  have  elapsed  since  they  arrived ; 
pa-md  gar  fdl-bai  /tol-m^d;  bzan-fdl  safe 
arrival  Thffr.;  ydr-gyi  hzdn-fal  iin-por 
^grd'ba  to  arrive  at,  attain  to  (a  blessed 
state)  in  a  pleasant  and  speedy  manner 
Thffi\  —  5.  to  be  over,  past,  finished,  done, 
tdl'lo  of  a  song:  it  is  over,  finished  Mil,; 
drug-bu  fdUlo  the  number  of  sixty  is  full; 
ydl-nas  fdl-ba  Mil,  having  disappeared, 
vanished;  stdr-te  (or  stdr-nas)  fal  he  is 
undone,  it  is  all  over  with  him  Mil.  frq.; 
rifn-gyia  je  nyun  je  nyuh  tal  by  degrees  it 
vanishes,  dies  away  Mil;  snofr  ^ad-tsig 
tal  the  former  agreement  is  no  longer 
vaUd;  fal  son  col.  =  tsar  son.  —  Tar,  46, 
5.12?  172,5:  fdl-gyur-pa  Schf.  follower, 
adherent,  or  the  name  oi  a  certain  sect. 
nq-^  fdl-^mo  the  palm  of  the  hand,  fdl-mo 
sbydr-ba  to  hold  together  the  palms 
of  the  handa,  as  a  gesture  of  devotion; 
fdl-Tno  snun-pa  DzL,  more  frq.  fal^lcdg 
rgydb-pa  to  give  a  slap  on  the  face,  a  box 
on  the  ear;  fal-brddb-pa  to  clap  with  the 
hands  Sch. 

^    fi  num.  fig.:  40. 

Sw  fi-^/u  V.  fd-^;  fi^gvr-Krd^  (?)  C.  = 
^  J    ^ar^gdrC"  W, 

^q-  fi-ba  1.  wood-pigeon,  stock-dove  Sch,; 
fi'bo  plover,  peewit,  lapwing  Sch,  — 
2.  C,  =.  ^.6a. 

fig^  prob.  from  fi-gu^  1.  carpenter's 
cord  or  string  to  mark  lines  with, 
marking-string,  fig^-gis)  ^debs-pa  to  use  such 
a  string,  to  draw  lines.  —  2.  any  instru- 
ment used  in  drawing  lines;  skoi*-fig  a 
pair  of  compasses,  yya  -  %  slate  -  pencil, 
lead-pencil ;  also  a  line  drawn  with  a  lead- 
pencil;  ^fig-ta   tan 'be*  W,  c.  genit.  to 


examine,  try,  test.  —  3.  a  line,  %- 
pay  rgyag^pa.,  rgyab-pa,  to  draw  lines; 
gun-fig  the  meridian  line  Cs.;  nag -fig  or 
snag-fig  a  black  line,  fsal-fig  a  red  line; 
fsans-fig  diameter;  equator  Cs,  —  4.  symb. 
numeral  for  zero.  —  5.  v.  tig, 

Comp.  fig-skdd  string  to  mark  lines 
with.  —  *fig-nyd*  W,  over  against  —  fig- 
ndg  Stg,y  Sch,:  that  part  of  hell,  where 
the  damned  arc  sawn  to  pieces,  lines  being 
drawn  upon  them.  —  fig-fsdm  a  little.  — 
fig-fsdd  Cs,  proportion,  symmetry,  Ld,-Glr. 
f.  27,  6,  fig -f sad  by^d-pa  to  proportion; 
*fig  -  fsdd  ziim  -  be*  W, ,  to  determine  the 
relation  or  proportion  of  things.  —  fig- 
Mn  a  ruler,  to  rule  lines  with. 
SotoV  fig-le  1.  a  spot  like  that  of  a  leop- 

'  ard's  skin ,  fig-le  -  ban  spotted, 
speckled;  Mg-ma*  W,  id.,  of  variegated 
woolen  fabrics;  Hos  fig-le  nyag  big  Mil,^ 
the  centre  of  all  religion,  in  which  finally 
all  the  different  sects  must  unite.  —  2. 
zero,  naught  Wdk,  —  3.  semen  virile.  —  4. 
contemplation.  The  two  latter  significations 
are  mystically  connected  with  each  other, 
as  will  be  seen  from  a  passage  of  J/t7., 
which  is  also  a  fair  specimen  of  the  phy- 
siological and  mystical  reveries  of  the  more 
recent  Buddhism:  yons  lits-la  ytum-mo 
Jbdr-bas  bde;  rlun  ro  rkyan  dhu-tir  citd- 
pas  bde;  stod  byan-cub-s&ms-kyi  rgyun-Jbab 
bde;  smad  ddhs-mai  fig-le  Hydb-pas  bde\ 
bar  dkar  dmar  fug  prad  brtsi  -  bas  bde] 
Ins  zag-med-bd^-bas  fsim-pas  bde;  de  mdU 
Jbyor  nydms-kyi  bde  drug  lags^  he  (the 
Yogi)  feels  well  in  general,  when  the 
warmth  of  meditation  is  kindled  (cf.  ytum- 
mo)  in  his  body ;  he  feels  well,  when  the 
air  enters  through  rd-ma  and  kydh-ma 
into  the  dhuti]  he  feels  well  in  the  upper 
part  of  his  body  by  the  flowing  down  of 
the  b6dhi\  he  feels  well  in  the  lower  parts 
by  the  spreading  of  the  chyle  (chylous 
fluid,  semen) ;  he  feels  well  in  the  middle, 
by  being  affected  with  tender  compassion, 
when  the  red  (the  blood  in  the  kydh-ma) 
and  the  white  (the  semen  in  the  rd-ma) 
unite ;  the  whole  body  is  weU,  being  per- 


232 


^Tj^CT  figs-pa 


^ 


vaded  by  the  grateful  feeling  of  sinless- 
ness;  this  is  the  sixfold  mental  happiness 
of  the  Yogi. 

^roro'  %S'pa  a  drop,  figs -pa  re-ri-nas 
'  in  drops,  by  drops  Glr.;  car- figs 

a  drop  of  rain ;  yser-fig-po  (sic)  MU,  seems 
to  denote  a  drop  or  globule  of  molten  gold, 
which  in  this  form  is  oflFered  for  sale  by 
gold-washers. 

xf^  fin  V.  ^dih'ba, 

Sw-n'  fib-pa  V.  Jib -pa  and  ytib-pa;  fib- 
fib  very  dark  ScL;  bi/in-rldbs  fibs- 
fibs  Pth,  seems  to  imply  the  descending 
of  a  blessing  upon  a  person;  fib(s)-po^ 
mo  dense,  Cs.  or  perh.  nothing  but  obscure, 
dark,  nags  Stg. 

^Mw  fim-pa^  also  Jim -pa,  ytim-pa  and 
stim-pay  gen.  with  la  or  ndn-dUy  to 
disappear  by  being  imbibed,  absorbed;  to 
evaporate,  of  fluids;  of  a  snake:  to  creep 
away,  to  disappear  in  a  hole;  frq.  of  the 
vanishing  of  rays  of  lights ,  of  gods  etc. ; 
to  be  melted,  dissolved  (salt  or  sugar  in 
water);  to  sink,  di^an  -  mid  -  du  into  un- 
consciousness Mil. 

^  fu  \,  num.  fig.:  70.  —  2.  *fu  gydb-ce* 
Nd  W,  to  spit,  with  la^  to  spit  at  or  on. 
—  3.  often  erron.  for  mfu. 
n-q-  fu-ba  1.  also  fu-pa,  skirt,  coat-flap 
>o  Glr,  —  2.  rarely  Ju-ba^  bad,  e.g. 
wood  MU, ;  *gyal  -  tu*  W,  good  and  bad 
promiscuously;  sdug-bsndl  fii-ba  a  bad 
accident  Thgy,;  malicious,  wicked,  vicious 
Glr.  —  3.  vb.,  V.  Ju-ba. 
n-2f  ^^-^  ^  &  chief;  an  elder  brother, 
NO  Dzl. ,  Tar. ;  tii-mo  Cs. :  mistress, 
lady  (?). 

^^  fu-mi  p.  n.,  V.  fon-mi. 
1^^'  fu-7'e  uninterrupted  Sch. 

ND^      cannon-ball: 

my  fug^  C,  also  *fug-pa*,  c.  accus.  until, 
N»  '  to,  in  reference  to  time  and  space; 
*^ag  zib-tu  fug*  for  forty  days;  only  col. 
gqi- Vj;r  %  -  ?dm  Sch.:  ^dreadful  noise'; 
V©  '  Thgr.  tug-fs6m;  Mil.  fug-sffrd  id. 


^^  fu^s 

myo'  fug-po^  I*  sbst.  soup,  broth,  Jjrcah 
\»  '  ^  rice-soup,  bag-fiig  meal-soup, 
gruel,  rgya-fug  Chinese  soup,  a  sort  of 
vermicelli-soup  C;  fug-fdl  v.  fdlrba. 

II.  vb.  1.  to  reach,  arrive  at,  come  to, 
c.  dat.  or  termin.,    fsd  mfar  fug -pa  to 
reach   the   natural  term  of  life  DzL;  to 
come  or  go  as  far  as  Dzl.;  rits-pa-la  fig- 
pa  to  pierce  to  the  quick  Dzl.;  U-la  tug 
fse  Mil.^  Ji-bar  fug-pa-la  Lt  when  one 
is  near  death ;  ...  fa  fug  -  gi  bdr  -du  \i\L, 
until  Dzl.^   Tar.^  Pth.;  bziih-la  fug  he  was 
just  on  the  point  of  seizing  her  Dd.;  *  sad- 
da  fu^  W.  going  to  kill;  9i-la  (or  bsdd- 
pa-la)  fug-pa  often  means  deserving  death 
(of  culprits)  Dzl.;  fse  ^po-horla  fug  kyan 
though  life  is  at  stake  Dzl.;  in  like  man- 
ner W.:  *lus  hrog  dan  fug-te  ca  dug*  he 
goes  at  the  peril  of  his  life;  fug-yas  not 
to  be  reached,  endless  (jj.  —  2.  to  meet, 
to  light  upon,   c  la  or  dan,  =  ^dd-pa^ 
esp.  col.  *nyi-i'dn-la  fug-ga-la  yoris*  W, 
he  has  come  to  see  you;  *fug  yin*  W,  we 
shall  meet  again,  =  till  we  meet  again! 
a  re  voir!  )dg-pa  dan  fiy-pa  MU.  to  M 
in  with  robbers;  ydon  fug-pa^fug-pa\ 
ci-la  fug  run  MU.^   *ghd-la  fug  kyan*  C. 
whatever   may   happen  to   me;    fug-idd 
agreement  to  meet  Sch.  —  3.  col.  to  touch, 
to  hit  or  shike  against,  W.:  Y-ru  fug-Rm* 
here  it  touches,  or   strikes   against;  here 
is  the  rub;  *lag-pa  mi  fug  yin*   I  shall 
not  touch  it,   1  shall  not  come  near  with 
my  hand ;  *di-la  fug  kyan  ma  fu^  W.  do 
not  even  touch  it! 

OTf«j-  fugs^  resp.  for  snyin^  yid^  sems,  bsdm- 
ND  '  pa y  bio  etc.,  and  whenever  mental 
qualities  or  actions  are  spoken  of  in  respect- 
ful language,  v.  below.  1.  heart,  breast,  in 
a  physical  sense,  gen.  fitgs-ka-;  fugs-kyi 
sprtd-pa  the  incarnation  of  a  deity,  ori- 
ginating in  a  ray  of  light  which  proceeds 
from  the  breast  of  that  deity  Ghr.  —  2. 
heart,  in  a  spiritual  sense,  mind,  SOul,  spnit, 
will,  V.  below;  design,  purpose,  intention, 
sbyin-pai  fug  zUg-tu  fsol  we  beg  to  desist 
from  the  intention  of  giving  Dzl.;  onde^ 
standing,  intellect  Glr.  (v.  sgdm-pa)-,  fugs- 


fSP^  fug^ 


^ 


m 


^  fwn 


Bu  Hdrpa  =»  Kon-du  iHtdrpa]  fAgs-m  Jn/dn- 
pa  to  be  kept  in  mind,  in  memory  MU.; 
also  ■■  yidrdu  ^dn-ba  ni  f. ;  cf.  ^d-ba,  — 
3.  f&ffS'la  btdffs-80  v.  ^d^gs^pa.  —  4.  for 
fugs-rye  or  bka-drin^  fugs  mdzad-pa  to 
grant  or  show  a  favour  Dd.  —  5  in  the 
phrase  fugs  mi  fub^Oy  with  the  genit.  of 
the  inf.,  it  is  used  without  ceremonial 
distinctions  for  to  venture,  to  risk,  to  dare 

Comp.  fugs-ka  V.  above  —  fugs-mUg^ 
resp.  for  mnon^h^  Mil.  —  fugs  -  ^Mritgs 
resp.  for  Koh-Jlriigs  Ma.  —  fugs-dgdns  ■= 
dgdnS'pa  IE.;  fugs-dgdns  ytdfi-ba  =  bsam- 
bid  ytdh-ba  to  muse,  meditate,  reflect  Mil. 

—  fugs^-m)  ^6-ba  resp.  for  yid^u  ^dn- 
6a  to  be  agreeable;  agreeable,  pleaMmt, 
delightful;  pleasure,  delight, ...  Za in  (a thing) 
MU.  —  fugs-rgydl  resp.  anger,  wrath,  In- 
dignation MU.y  fugs-rgyal  biens  anger  arises, 
is  roused.  —  fugs-ndn  grief,  sorrow,  afflic- 
tion Dzl.  —  f&gs-^es-pa  resp.  for  yidr'ies- 
pa  to  believe.  —  tiigs-rje  prop,  respectful 
word  for  snyin-rye  pi^,  commiseration,  com- 
passion; gen.  grace,  mercy,  generosity,  nor 
la  fugs'r)e(s)  yzigs  pray,  look  graciously 
upon  me!  MU'^  even  thus:  sd-bon  iig 
fugs  -  f)e  yzigs  dgosy  pray,  be  so  kind  as 
to  send  me  some  seeds!  W.  —  fttgs-ijes 
^dzin-pa^  fugs-r^e  mdzdd-pa  id.  —  fugs- 
r)e'ian  gracious,  merciful,  generous.  — 
(tta)  fugs  -rye  ^Sn-po  the  All  -  merciful, 
Awalokiteswara.  —  fugs-ddm^  prop.  resp. 
for  yi'dam,  1.  oath,  VOW,  solemn  promise, 
e.g.  bid'ba  to  take  (an  oath),  to  make 
(a  vow).  2.  a  prayer,  a  wish  in  the  form 
of  a  prayer,  =-  sm6n-lam*  3.  contemplation, 
the  act  of  contemplating  a  deity  (cf.  sg&m- 
pa  and  sgHA-pa);  meditation  in  general, 
Mil  frq.,  fugs -dam  jpel  meditation  in- 
creases, proceeds  successfidly ;  devotion.  4. 
a  deity,  a  tutelar  god  or  saint,  a  pab*on  Glr. 

—  fugs-ngid  v.  sems-nyid^  sub  sem^s.  — 
fugs-miig  resp.  for  yiJ^d^-mug  despair.  — 
fugs  bdS^a^  mi  bd^-ba^  v.  bdd-ba.  —  fugs- 
ytsigs-pa  to  be  cautious  ScA. ;  v.  however 
ytsigs-pa.  —  fugs-brtsi-ba  love,  affection  of 
tho  heart,  compassion,  resp.  for  snyih-brtsi- 


ba^  frq.,  fugs-brtse-bar  dgdns-pa,  yzigs-pa^ 
with  Za,  to  look  upon  compassionately,  to 
remember  in  mercy.  —  fugs -rob  Sch.  = 
hes-rdb.  —  fugs-rus  MU.  =  snyin-rus.  — 
fugs-(iyi)  srds  Mil.^  Tar.y  sphitual  SOn,  an 
appellation  given  to  the  most  distinguished 
scholars  of  saints. 

ar^'  fun -Ha  three  yoars  old,  of  animals 
^        Sch. 

gr'n*  fun-ba^  col.  fuh-nUy  Ld.  *furi-se*y 
N9  short,  relative  to  space,  time,  quan- 
tity of  vowels  etc.;  fun-iiu  ^o-ba  to  be- 
come shorter;  but  the  word  is  not  so  much 
used  as  ^short^  is  in  English;  yid  fun-ba 
Bzly  spro  ftih-ba  Wdn.  passionate,  hot- 
tempered,  hasty. 

nr*  fud  cheese  made  of  buttermilk,  or  of 
>o  '  Swr-//^,  butter  and  nailk  Ld.,  Glr,,  Pth.; 
^o-fud  milk -cheese,  made  of  curd,  or  of 
milk  coagulated  with  runnet 
nx<  fun  I.  a  regular  amount,  a  fixed  quan- 
nP  tity  1.  of  time,  a  certain  length  of 
time,  as  long  as  a  man  is  able  to  work 
without  resting,  a  sMft,  six,  four,  or  three 
hours;  Schf.  translates  Tar.  67,  17  even 
by  one  hour;  a  night-watch,  msl-fse  fun 
Jior  the  night-watch  is  over  Dzl.\  fun 
bm  mal-Jbyor  the  meditation  of  a  whole 
day  Mil.;  *fun  ddd-te*  W.  (the  cock) 
announces  the  watch  (by  crowing);  tun 
bzun-ba  Pth.  prob.  to  have  the  watch; 
nam-gyi  gun-fun-la  at  or  about  midnight; 
srddrkyi  giin-fun-la  MU.  prob.  id.  —  2.  a 
dose  of  medicine  Med.  frq.  —  fun-hgf 

II.  in  sorcery:  bodies  or  substances 
which  are  supposed  to  be  possessed  of 
magic  virtues,  such  as  sand,  barley,  cer- 
tain seeds  etc.,  fun-ddn  a  hole  in  which 
such  substances  are  concealed;  fun-rd  a 
horn  to  carry  them;  fun  fs6-ba  to  revive 
a  charm  Mil.  nt. 

III.  one  who  collects,  a  gatherer  (from 
^fu-ba),  Hn-fun  one  who  picks  up  or 
gathers  sticks  MU.;  ii»a-fun  a  gatherer 
of  grass,  snye-fun  a  gatherer  of  ears  of 
corn  Cs.;  fun-z&r  reaping-hook,  sickle  Sch. 

IV.  fun,  or  more  frq,  tun-mdn(s),  usual, 

15* 


234 


^SJ;   fib-pa 


^ 


daily,  what  is  done  or  is  happeDing  every 
day;  common,  general,  dnos-gntb  fun-mohs 
earthly  goods  ^  as  well  as  intellectual  en- 
dowments, considered  as  common  property, 
but  not  spiritual  gifts;  fun-miny  tun-^mons 
ma  ytn-pa  unusual,  uncommon,  not  for  every 
body;  ^big-la  big  iun-mdh  lo*  take  good 
care  to  live  together  in  harmony  W,\  fun- 
mdn-du  or  m  in  common,  in  company, 
jointly;  fun-Tnoh  by  itself  is  also  used  as 
adv.,  =»  fun-^yir^  in  general. 
«q-q»  fitb^a  (n^)  I.  vb.,  c.  accus.,  so- 
Nd  metimes  c.  dat,  1.  to  get  the  better 
of,  to  be  able  to  cope  with,  to  be  a  match 
for  (an  enemy),  to  be  able  to  stand  or  bear 
(the  cold  etc.),  to  be  able  to  do  one  harm, 
to  get  at  one,  dug^gis  ma  fub'Hn  as  the 
poison  could  not  do  him  any  harm  DzL\ 
to  be  able  to  quench,  extinguish,  keep  off 
e.g.  fire,  hail  Olr.;  ^dn-ggis  mi  tiib-pa 
invincible,  not  to  be  overcome;  nan  dgu 
fub-pa  to  be  able  to  subdue  every  thing 
that  is  bad  Lt;  to  have  under  one's  com- 
mand or  control,  to  keep  under,  e.g.  one's 
own  body;  to  be  able  to  bear,  e.g.  mis 
fub-par  dka  (water  from  a  glacier)  is  not 
easily  borne  by  man,  i.e.  does  not  agree 
with  him  Med.;  ras  rkyah  tub ^ pa  to  be 
able  to  bear  a  simple  cotton  dress  Mil.; 
lo  brgya  f&b-pa  to  live  to  (the  age  of)  a 
hundred  years,  frq.  —  2.  with  a  supine 
or  verbal  root,  to  be  able,  col.  the  usual 
word,  in  B.  gen.  niis-pa;  cf.  ytdb-pa. 

II.  sbst.  1.  ^j^  a  mighty  one,  one 
having  power  and  auttiority,  M-kya-fub-pa 
Buddha;  a  wise  man,  a  sage,  a  saint  in 
general,  arfif.  —  2.  symb.  num.  for  7. 

flSIf^'  ^w(«),  also  fiim^pa  Ci.,  iiim^po 
v»  ^  ^  /ScA.,  1.  cover,  covering,  wrapper, 
of  a  book  or  a  parcel;  rgyab-pa  Sch.  to 
put  (a  cover  round  a  thing),  to  wrap  up; 
*Mg'pa*  C,  TT.,  *8dn  -pa*  C.  to  take  off 
(a  covering);  fum-dan  having  a  cover.  — 
2.  a  parcel  wrapped  up  (in  paper  etc.):; 
Jbru-fan-fum  btas  together  with  a  small 
parcel  of  tea.  iM'ii"^ c^^^i^Mr^-^^f^^^^c^ - 

!^$I'C1'  fimhpa  1.  v.  mm.    2.  v.  ynyid. 


9^^  fis-pa 

gsffl-  3^rr  f^^-buy  fdm-bu  a  large 
^   va^   ^  va   3p00||^  g  igiHe-  rag-fim  a 

brass  ladle,  zans^titm  a  copper  ladle. 
^  ifm  I.  Cs.  9l  declivity  (?),  prob.  only 
N9  adverbially:  down;  fur-ldm  a  down- 
hill road;  fur-lay  fiir-da  down,  downward, 
^6-ba  to  go  down,  nitb^a  to  sink  down; 
mgo  f&r-du  b9tdn-4e  head  down,  head  over 
heels  Stg.\  *ti-pi  fur4a  Mh^  W.  to  un- 
cock one's  cap.  —  2.  v.  fwr-mgOy  and 
fur-ma, 

^^^  fur -mgo  1.  the  tip  of  a  spoofl, 
Nd         '    fur-mgo  fsam  as  a  measure  MiL 

—  2.  also  f&r-mgo  halter,  *fur-go  bug-c^ 
W,  to  bridle,  to  bit  (a  horse);  *fur-la 
fin-b^  W.  to  strive,  to  struggle  against; 
to  real*.  —  fwr-fdg  the  rein,  fwr-mfa  the 
end  of  the  rein. 

^'9',  ^'^'  ^r-buy  fkr-ru  foal,  colt,  fHly. 

nx'jr  f^T-may  W,  *  tar-man  y  1.  spoon.  — 
^  2.  Chinese  chopsticks.  —  3.  a  pole 
Bd,  7V7'i  4.  —  4.  a  whole  class  of  surgical 
instruments  S.g, 

mr  ^uZ  1.  egg  (ace.  to  Cunningham  a 
\»     Cashmiri  word),  fH-ta-gir  pancake. 

—  2.  V.  ^dulboy  also  substantively :  ftd  de 
min  besides  this  way  of  converting  (people) 
Pth,;  ful  ^6g-tu  Jisg-pa  Tor.  25, 16  to 
keep  a  tight  hand  over  a  person,  to  dis- 
cipline one;  Hn-gi  ful  ^d^bs-pa  Ld.-Olr. 
to  clear  land  for  tillage,  nif. 

nQj'n'  ^^^^)  Cs-  also  fulrpOy  dress  made 
Nd  of  the  skins  of  animals,  a  furred 
coat  or  cloak  Mil.]  lug-ful  dress  of  sheep- 
skin, rd-ful  dress  of  goat-skin,  fulnbi  the 
common  sheep-skin  dress;  *f&l-ban*  W. 
wide,  not  fitting  close  or  tight. 
gq-q-  fulnba  1.  pf.  to  ^did-btty  to  tame,  curb, 
NO  check,  restrain,  Mil. :  nds  ^dr^-mams 
fid-nas  the  goblins  having  been  subdued 
by  me;  las  nyon-mons  fid-ba  dka  it  is 
difficult  to  check  a  sinful  deed  MU. ;  parti- 
ciple: tamed,  civilized;  converted.  —  2.  to 
roll  or  wind  up  Lh. 

nQ^-Q^-  fitl-le  Ld.  impressive,   nearly  the 
N9         same  as  t&r-re. 
mrq*  fiis-pa  1.  bad  =  fu^ay  prov.;  2.  v. 
v>         Ju-ba, 


^  te 


^ 


^3pr  f^n^o^ 


2S5 


^  te  1.  for  ti-7no\  2.  num.:  100. 

^1^  ^<?-r%  scruple,  doubt,  uncertainty, 
^  '  hesitation,  occasionally  used  for  te- 
fsdm. 

^•n'  ^^  -  *^9  C*.  also  *%  -  ba*y  pf.  f<w  fifeA., 
the  col.  syn.  of  ytdgs-pay  seldom  in 
B.,  1.  to  belong,  appertain  to,  c.  la,  —  2.  to 
occtqiy  one's  self  with  a  thing,  to  meddle 
with,  to  interfere,  c.  dan  (=  jdH-ba);  U- 
vfUian  belonging  together,  c.  2a,  belonging 
to  a  thing;  ^ma-fi-a*  W.  for  ma^ti-bar^  = 
ma  '  ytdgs  '  par;  fe^r^g  the  connexion  or 
relation  of  ownership,  di-la  ydb-kyi  fe- 
rig  med  to  this  my  father  has  no  claims 
Mil.  nt 

^2f,  ^2jC'  ^^'f>Oy   fe-bdn  W.  thumb,  v. 

fSb-mo, 
S^  fS-mOy  col.  f^tsey  diminutive  feUy  resp. 
pyag -  ^  seal,  signet,  stamp,  *f^ -  tse 
gydb-bey  or  ndn-h^  to  seal,  to  stamp;  «a- 
^  r«r.79,12(?);  *^^.<w  %.*(^  <rfn-«?a* 
to  engage,  to  bind  one's  self  by  a  seal  in 
some  common  concern. 
^^^  ^^'^^^  doubt,  scruple,  uncertainty, 
perplexity,  fe-fsdm  skyes,  byed(W. 
*^*),  za^  fe-tsdm^u  gyur  I  am  doubtful; 
fe-fsom  za-ba-maTns  scrupulous,  irresolute 
persons  Pth.;  *fe-fsom  man-po  ra^  W.  I 
am  in  great  perplexity,  I  am  quite  at  a 
loss;  te-fwm  Hg  ^dri-ba  to  utter  a  doubt 
Dzl 

^^C  fe-ran  v.  teu^an, 

^^-  fe^i  col.  straight,  upright,  firm ;  smooth, 
without  folds  or  wrinkles;   fe-ri  fin 
C.  draw  (the  carpet)  smooth. 

^^0^  ^i?-r^Z  W.  incomplete,  defecb've,  un- 
finished, fe^iUla  lu8  son  (the  loaf) 
is  not  whole,  there  has  already  been  cut 
from  it. 

^fif  fe4i  V.  fa'li. 

^prST  ^^O'P^  ^*  ^^3^*  ^rnf,  l*  vehicle,  car- 
'  riage,  riding-beast,  rtai  fig-pa-la  ion 
he  mounted  on  horseback  Dzl,;  Ug-pa  Ina- 
hrgyd  bkams  he  procured  five  hundred  con- 
veyances (horses,  elephants,  carriages)  Dzl. 


2.  for  attaining  to  salvation,  fSg-pa  /sum 
three  conveyances  are  generally  mentioned, 
but  in  most  cases  only  two  are  specified, 
viz.  ffy-(pa)  dman(-pa)^  ^n<(|H,  and 
feg(-pa)  ^en-po,  YVfT^pr,  gen.  called  'the 
little  and  the  great  conveyance  or  vehicle', 
by  means  of  which  the  distant  shore  of 
salvation  may  be  reached.  Yet  mention 
is  also  made  of  a  sndgs-kyi  fig-pa^  ^f(^!f;fj(\;9{ 
maniraydna^  e.g.  Tar.  180, 13.  For  more 
particulars  about  these  vehicles,  and  other 
more  or  less  confused  and  contradictory 
notions,  the  works  of  Koppen  and  esp. 
WoMljew  may  be  consulted. 

n.  vb.  1.  to  lift,  raise,  hold  up,  support 
Mil,y  Olr.;  hence  Uri-Ugs  leg  of  a  table 
ScA.;  feg-Kiig  C.  knapsack,  travelling-bag. 
—  2.  to  raise,  set  up  fig.  bhad-gdd  to  raise 
a  loud  laugh  Mil  —  3.  most.  frq.  to  be 
able  to  carry,  )i  t^-pa  as  much  as  you 
are  able  to  caxrj  Dzl.;  mis  feg-tsdd  ybig 
as  much  as  one  man  is  able  to  carry  Tar.; 
esp.  with  a  negative:  ma  feg  he  was  not 
able  to  hold  him  up  Dzl.;  mi- feg  Kur  to 
carry  what  is  too  heavy  to  be  carried  (by 
ordinary  muscular  strengtli),  to  strain  one's 
self  by  lifting,  Med.;  to  endure,  tolerate, 
stand,  Udn-mams-kyi  nan  rna  feg-par  not 
being  able  to  stand  their  urgent  demands 
Mil;  to  bear,  to  undergo  without  detriment, 
skyid  feg  sdtig  feg  to  be  able  to  bear  good 
fortune  and  ill  fortune.  Cf.  Jegs^a,  JUgs- 
pa.  — 

^-  fen  1  feh-r6Mil.y  ^ha-f^*  Ld.y  the 
dead  body  of  an  animal  killed  by 
beasts  of  prey.  —  2.  ^fSh-la*  C.  down, 
downward,  e.g.  *kyitr^wa^  y^-V^^-i  b&r'wa*y 
to  fling  down. 

Sj^-gjJ'  f4n-po  Pth.y  fM-bu  ScLy  ""f^-Zlan* 

W.y  lame,  hobbling,  limping. 
9t^^  f<?w«  time,  times,  fens  Ina  five  times 
Pth. ;    dbugs  -  fens    tig  -  la    in    one 
breathing,    at   a   stretch;    without   inter- 
mission Pth. 


^^'  fin-pa  tax,  duty,  impost  Sch. 


fen  1,  a  litlle  while,  a  moment  —  2.  v. 

^fen-pa'.  ^    - 


236 


^  fek 


^ 


^5)-  fo-u 


go-  feb  1.  for  fern,  full  Glr.  —  2.  for  iab% 

thumb;  feb^^n  the  little  finger;  v.  mfe-bon. 
^^  f<?68  series,  order,  succession  Sch., 

febs-re  byed-pa  to  do  successively; 
fdbs-pa  V.  Jieba-^a, 
'^ij^^v  ^ifnrfa  I.  1.  threshold,  rgdl-ba  to 

cross  it  G^/r.;  sgo-thn  door -sill, 
threshold;  yd-f^  head -piece  of  a  door- 
frame, lintel,  ma- fern  sill,  threshold  Glr. 

—  2.  staircaise,  stairs,  flight  of  steps,  tern- 
skds  id.;  *fem^d*  W,  step,  stair;  fern -rim 
Cs.  1,  the  several  steps  of  a  staircase. 
2.  rank,  dignity.  —  rdo-^m  stone  staircase; 
Icor-fhi  winding  stairs  Cs.  —  II.  1.  to  be 
full,  complete,  zla-dm  fem-pa  dan  when 
the  time  of  the  months  was  fulfilled  Glr, 
frq.;  iag  ybig  ma  tim-pa-la  one  day  being 
still  wanting  ffZr.;  brgya  t&m-pa  v.  tarn- 
pa  Glr,  —  2.  TT.:  to  be  sufficient,  enough. 

—  3.  to  receive  (?)/S(?A. 

ni.  Sch.  =  fen-pa,  tax,  impost,  tribute. 
g^q.  fhn^buy  fem-^am  stopping,  closing, 
^  shutting  up;  a  stoppage  Sch. 

^^^•w|ot  fems-yigSch.  memorial. 

gn';^r'  feti-rdn  Glr,,   fe-brdn  Lt,  fe-rdh 
^        Ma,y  a  sort  of  demons. 
'^x:  ^^  1-  bald,  bare,  spyi-f^  Thgy,  a  bald 
head;  a  bald-headed  person;  fer-fh* 
C.  flat.  —  2.  =  fe-re(^)  pyi  fer  nan  gog 
strong  and  hale  outside,  decayed   within 
Mil, ;  fer-zug-pa  =  rtdg-pa  Thgr, 
'^x:ansy  fer-JMmSch.  1 000000000;  fer- 
^    ^^   >7w-?^n^  10000000000. 
Sx'^'  fir-ma  a  kind  of  thin  woollen  cloth, 

a  flannel-like  fabric,  U-ter  made  of 
shawl-wool,  bcd-fer  of  common  wool. 
Sqi-  fel  for  fe-li,  rag-Ul  C,  a  plate  made 

of  latten  brass. 
Sq-fl*  fd-ba  W.  frq.  =  sUb-pa  to  arrive, 

cf.  fdUba  n.,  4. 
doi'^  ^<?7-8^  Sch,  and  Wis.  a  seal,  stamp, 

=«  fe-tse, 
Sw'Cr  ^^"P^  ^^^'  P^-  ^  fi-ba;  =  fes-bsitn 

Jut,! 

^  fo  1.  num.  for  130.  —  2.  register,  list, 
catalogue,  index;  fo  Jyri-ba  to  register. 


to  make  out  a  list  or  catalogue  Schr.",  dib- 
fOy  ^i^n-fo  account  of  receipts,  $6n-fo^  bvd- 
fOy  dcydg-fo  account  of  expenditures;  btdn- 
fo  account  of  money  or  goods  lent  out; 
ny6-fo  account  of  goods  bought,  bill ;  lo-fo 
calendar,  almanac;  dd  Idg-tu  prin-bar-fd 
list  of  orders  or  directions  given  to  him 
(lit.  laid  down  in  his  hands);  dei  rgyiidr 
la  fdb-fo  a  list  of  things  which  his  relations 
shall  receive. 

Qtm;  fo-gdr  Pth.;  ace.  to  Sch.  the  Turko- 
■^  mans ;  Tar,  18, Schf. : Tukhara, name 
of  a  people  in.  the   northwest   of  India; 
prob.  the  Togarmah  of  the  Bible, 
gr^^  to^o  Mil.,  a  foolish  joke,  unbefitting 

a  sensible  man. 
gs®^  f(hpyi  Schr.  love(?),  in  Pth.  it  seems 
^  to  signify  the  slqf. 

9^    S&ir  ^^^^'  mfd-ba,  a  large  hammer, 
'  fd-bas  rdun-ba  to  hammer, 

to  forge ;  rdd-fo  a  stone  hammer,  ^-fo  a 
wooden  hammer,  mallet;  ^fo-^n"*  1.  an 
ordinary  hammer.  —  2.  the  COCk  of  a  gun. 
—  3.  a  soldering-stick.   Lh. 

gSQ^£»w  fo-Jsdmrpa  tO  SCOm,  SCOff,  joor, 

^  sneer  at,  vex,  insult,  mock,  c  2a, 

by  words  Dzl.y  also  by  actions  DzL ;  snan- 
hid  fo-Jfsdm^a  bzddrpar  yaol  pardon  our 
having  sneered  at  you  before!  Mil.;  also 
mfo-mfsdmrpa^  -budmrpa^  -brtsdm-pa, 

9^33^*  fo-^(^  stone  pyramid,  heap  of  stones 

(cairn). 

morning,  to-rdns^-kyi)  dus-9u  early 
in  the  mormng;  2.  the  following,  the  next 
morning,  c.  genit.;  both  also  adverbially: 
de  dan  mjal-bai  fo-rdns  on  the  morning 
after  having  met  him. 

^^  fd-re  W.  to-morrow  (5.,  C.  san). 

gf^.-,  fd-re-bay  tor-tsdl  Cs.:  a  few;  M7., 
fog-re-tsal  a  little  while. 

?n3^'  fO'lum  V.  fu-lum. 

g^Qj*  fo-U  1.  fo-U  ^dib$-pa  to  spit,  c.  Za, 
at  or  on  Plh.  (cf.  fu).  —  2.  button 
C.  —  3.  fo-U  dkdr-po  C.  chalk.  —  4.  fo-le- 
rgyal  Mil.  ? 


^;.n.^.-.. 


^9^  fo-%  C.  mule,  hlnny. 

^  %  I.  what  is  uppermost  1.  roof,  fog 
'  ^bubs-fa  to  cover  witk  a  roo^  to  roof 
(a  house)  frq.;  tog  ^d-ba  id.;  also  fig.  to 
complete,  to  crown  a  thing  M;.;  Hdg-sa 
ndn-ie*  W.  to  roof,  to  finish  a  roof  by 
beating  and  stamping  down  the  earth  or 
sods,  of  which  the  covering  consists;  fog- 
rdzis  ytdn-ba  Mil,  id. ;  also  fig.  to  impress, 
c.  genit.,  MiL  —  *tog-kdr*  W,y  the  opening 
for  the  smoke  in  a  roof.  —  fog- dan  having 
a  roof,  *f6g-yog*  W,  under  cover.  — 
2.  ceiling;  yd-fog  ceiling,  md-fog  floor  of 
a  room.  —  3.  story,  dgu-tdg  having  nine 
stories  or  floors,  frq.  —  4.  in  a  general 
sense:  fog  Jtrin-^a  MU.  to  be  at  the  head, 
to  lead,  direct,  govern;  fog-Kavy  W,  *Afa- 
fdg4a*,  on,  upon,  Hydg-fog-Uar  on  the  ice 
Qlr.'y  fdg^tUy  and  tog-fog  adv.  up,  up  to; 
above;  ydn-fog-tu  in  the  uppermost  place, 
quite  at  the  top,  Glr.;  postp.  c.  genit.  (or 
accus.)  1.  on,  upon,  e.g.  to  lay  on,  to  place 
upon  Pth,;  sems  fdg^tu  V/i-bar  byiin-nas 
lying  heavy,  weighing  heavily,  upon  one's 
mind  Glr.;  ncd  tdg-tu  byun  my  heart  was 
smitten  (by  that);  that  has  touched,  has 
grieved  my  heart  Mil, ;  fog-ta  Uel-ba  Mil, 
vb.  act.  to  it.  2.  above  Qlr,  3.  towards, 
in  the  direction  of,  e.g.  running  towards, 
mcd  fog-tuDzL;  yd-fog,  md-fog  ad.  above, 
below,  or  up  to,  up  stairs,  and  down,  down 
stairs  Mil.  4.  to,  e.  g.  to  send  to  Dzl. 
5.  dmag-fog  at  the  head  Of  the  army,  or 
only  with  the  army.  6.  during,  as  long  as, 
throughout;  whilst  (fog  gen.  without  -^), 
dgufi'fog  throughout  the  whole  winter; 
*dir  d'Uu  sem  f^er  fog*  whilst  her  husband 
is  here  in  great  anxiety  Ld.;  bgros-fog 
during  the  w^alk.  Cf.  also  na-og,  pi-fog 
as  sbst.:  morning,  evening,  forenoon,  after- 
noon W.  7.  directly  after,  bios-fog  ^6 -ma 
fresh  milk,  S.g.  (s.Lc.).  —  fog-nas  1.  above, 
IBOre  than,  *lo  nab-bu  fog-n§  ma  lies*  Ld. 
they  remained,  i.e.  lived  not  more  than  fifty 
years.  2.  on  the  part  of,  Thgy.,  analogous  to 
pyogi-naa. 

IL  thunderbolt,  lightning;  fog  dan  sSr-ba 


^ 


^•^'  fdg-ma 


237 


lightning  and  hail,  fog-sdr-gyi  yndd-pa 
damage  done  by  the  elements;  fog  Jbdb- 
pa  lightning  descending,  rgyab-pa  striking, 
fog^bdbssu  J}y6n-^a  to  arrive,  to  approach 
quick  or  suddenly  like  lightning  Tar,,  resp.; 
fdg-gis  ysdd-pa  S.g,^  fog  bdb-ste  JH-ba  Do. 
to  be  killed  by  lightning. 

III.  1.  fruit,  produce,  dkdr^og  v.  dkdr- 
po;  Uii-tog  produce  of  the  fields  Da:/.;  lo- 
tdg  a  year's  produce;  Uh^fog  produce  of 
a  tree  or  other  plant,  fruit;  ysar-fdg  this 
year's  crop  S.^r.;  fog-pitd  first-fruits,  as  an 
offering;  fog-^ds  id.(?),  —  2.  W.  fortune, 
wealth,  property,  *nid-li  fog*  property  in 
money,  cash  in  hand;  (ji)pi-fog  common 
property,  property  belonging  to  a  com- 
munity. 

IV.  m  ma-  fog{-fse)  for  m^  fag^  col. 
and  Thgy.y  s.l.c,  v.  fag.  Cf.  also  fog-fdgy 
fdg-ma^  tdgs-pa. 

gqf'gqr  ^off^^^t  prob.  augmentative  of 
'  '  fog^  V.  fdg-tu  6,  al^  fag-fdgy 
during,  as  long  as,  throughout;  quite,  mfsan 
fog-fdg-tu  all  night  long;  nyi-ma-ycig-gi 
bdr-du  fog-fdg  during  a  whole  day;  lam 
fog-fdg  gdn-no  the  roads  were  quite  full 
(of  snow)  Dzl, 

^rsr  fog -ma  what  is  uppermost,  1.  the 
'  upper  end,  the  uppermost  place,  grdl- 
gyi  fdg-ma-la  ^dug-go  they  sat  down  in 
the  first,  or  uppermost,  place  Dzl. ;  gen. 
2.  origin,  beginning;  f6g-mai  sam-rgyds  kun- 
tU'bzdn-po  Adibuddha  Samantabhadra,  so 
a  deity  is  called,  by  which  a  prayer  has 
been  appointed  that  is  supposed  to  be 
particularly  efficacious;  fdg-nut  ^o-Hgsmfd- 
ba  of  noble  birth,  as  regards  his  origin. 
Dzl. ;  fog-ma  btsda-pai  fs^-na,  fdg-ma  btsds- 
naSy  fdg-ma  skyh-nas  already  at  his  birth, 
from  his  very  birth  Dzl,;  fog-ma  m^d-pa- 
nasy  du8  fog-med-naa  time  out  of  mind, 
from  eternity;  fdg-ma-naa  from  the  very 
beginning;  of  itself;  as  a  matter  of  course 
Dzl,;  bsubs-pai  fog-fdg-la  as  soon  as  they 
began  to  fill  up  Glr.;  fog-mfa-bar-du  at 
first,  later,  in  conclusion  (lit.  in  the  be- 
ginning, end,  and  middle)  Lt;  most  frq. 
fog-mar  1.  at  first,  first,  the  Lat.  primum. 


238 


|^<3^'  (og-(aM 


^ 


primo,  and  primus.  —  2.  postp.  c.  genii, 
before,  with  respect  to  time  Mil,  —  fog- 
drans-pa  Jtt.,  Glr.,  Sch,:  'at  first,  begun'; 
our  Lama  explained  it  by  io  lead,  to  guided 
V.  fog  I,  4. 

^rjgc'  fog-tsdd  W.  story  (of  a  house); 
'       '  fdff-80  Mil.  nt  id. 

Xppr  foff9  ^  ^ddgs-fa^  and  ^fdgs-pa. 

'&£mrn'  f(^gs-pci^  c.  la,  to  strike,  stumble, 
'  run  against  (like  fug -pa  v.  3); 

to  be  hindered,  impeded,  delayed,  frq. ;  mi  %t 
gdn  -  loan  fdgs  -pa  mid  -  du  without  being 
hindered  by  men,  dogs,  or  anything  else 
MU, ;  fogs-pa-TrUd-pa^  fogs-mid,  foga-brdugs- 
{ox(h)rtug-)m4drpay  ^/p^  not  hindered,  un- 
impeded, unchecked;  all-searching,  all-pene- 
trating. 

^'  forty  fon-^dl  a  pfough. 
^W  fdn-Ka  Mil.,  fon-ga  MitgJ 

g^-q*  fdn-pa  1.  Cs.  a  ploughman.  —  2.  C« 
^a  ram  that  is  castrated,  wether;  ra 


a- 


^ 


fon  a  castrated  he-goat';  according  to  my 
authorities,  however,  fdn-pa,  and  ra-fdn 
signify  a  ram  and  he  -  goat  one  year  oM, 
foh  -  fair  and  ra  -  fair  being  the  feminine 
forms  (?)  —  3.  fon-pai  lo  Mil.  the  years 
between  childhood  and  manhood,  juvenile 
years,  Sch.  fdn-po,  cf.  Mydg-fon. 

^'^'  fdn-spu  mane  of  the  camel  Sch. 

^^q-  fdns-pa  MU.fSt4.^Z.'A 

tod  1.  Ca.  a  head-ornament,  crown;  gen. 

the  usual  covering  for  the  head  in  the 
East,  turban,  la-fdd  Olr.  id.;  dhu-fdd  resp.; 
ad  -  yig  fod  -  du  bbina  -pai  ka  the  letter  k 
having  for  a  crown  the  letter  s:  ^  Zam. 
—  2.  =  %  I.:  "^gO'fQ*  C.  over  or  above 
the  door;  Ua-fdd-lay  Uc^fdg-lay  Ua-tdd-la^ 
up,  upon  Ld.  —  3.  threshold,  yd-fod,  md- 
fod  =  yd-re,  md-re.  —  4.  v.  fddrpa.  —  5. 
fodrrgdl  ii-ba  (fonf)  Mil.,  ace.  to  the  con- 
text: angry,  wrathful.  —  6.  fod-fdd  v.  m. 
'^^'  tddrpa  1.  skull,  cranium;  skull  of  a 
^  dead  person,  death's  head;  fod-akdm 
a  dry  skull,  fod-rldn  a  fresh  skull  Thgr. ; 


!^m'  f(^hpa 

fod^Urdg  a  skull  filled  with  blood  Thgrr, 
fod'p&r  a  drinking -cup  made  of  a  skuU. 

—  2.  col.  forehead,  brow;  fod-rtad  vena 
frontalis  Lt;  fod-Hnay  fod-lUbay  todr^rgydfiy 
turban. 

^•oj-rj'ji-  fod'le-kdr  Lea.  alabaster;  Tar. 

^        "^   67,  18  Schf.  «  ^rftuT,  chalk. 

gy   ton  V.  Jdn-pa  and  ^ddn-pa;  f&nrpa  C. 

^    also :  good,  Mr,  beautiful ;  amrd-bar  f&n- 

pa  eloquent 

f6n-im,  or  furTrd  aam-bhd-fa  n.  of 
the  minister  that  was  sent  to  India 

by  king  Sronbtsansgampo^  in  order  to  pro- 
cure an  alphabet  for  writing. 

i^'  fob  1.  y.  tdb'pa.  —  2.  y.  JUba-pa. 

Qq-x*  tob-iu  Schr.y  ^fob-l^y  tob-lHy  feb-iu* 
^^  C.y  button  (Y.tob-H). 
gq-q-  fob'pa  I.  vb.  (synon.  to  myed-pay 
and  exclusively  in  use  in  W.)  1. 
to  find,  frq.  —  2.  to  get,  obtain,  naa  fob 
B.,  nd-la  fob  col.,  I  find,  I  get;  fob -par 
^gyur-ba  id.;  to  partake  of,  to  come  to, 
ddd-pa  faith  (to  come  to  the  faith)  Mil; 
to  obtain,  to  get  possession  of,  to  subject  to 
one's  power  Dzl. ;  da-drdg  fob-mfdr  Gram. : 
after  (words)  that  have  got  a  da-drdg; 
aana-rgyda,  rgydUpOy  bddg^,  fdb-pa  (Ut 
to  get  the  Buddha  etc.)  to  become  a  Buddha, 
a  king,  a  lord ;  *cag  -  dzdd  fob  -^^  W.  to 
become  frq.  (cf.  rgydl-po).  — 

II.  sbst.  that  which  has  been  got  or 
obtained:  the  sum,  result,  of  a  calculation 
etc.   Wdn. 

III.  *fdb-de(ay  W.  adj.  that  which  is 
to  be  got  or  received,  e.g.  *bulon  fdb-tea- 
ai  bun-yig^  a  list  of  demands  to  be  called 
in,  of  money  owing. 

Comp.  fob-rgydl  byidrpa  to  rob,  pillage^ 
plunder  (?)  Sch.;  fob-M  the  share  which 
one  gets  C.  —  fob-fdn  Ca,  income ,  re- 
venue'; more  accurately:  that  which  &lls 
to  one's  share,  as  a  reward  or  pay,  for 
work,  services  etc.,  e.g.  bits  of  cloth  or 
silk,  which  a  tailor  may  keep  for  himself. 

—  fob-ndr  1.  share,  quota.  2.  quotient.  — 
fob-bU  C.  desire,  bkur-aU  fib-pa  ambition 
Schr.  —  fob  -  fsir  (lit  the  turn  of  getting, 


receiving)  claim,  right;  duty,  due,  fob-tsir 
nd'la  yod  I  have  a  daim,  a  right  to  it 
W.\  ^fcb'Uir  tdn-^^  W,  to  give  each  his 
share  in  his  turn  (prop.  ace.  to  the  due 
turn).  —  fob-rim  Glr,  id.  —  fob-yig  re- 
pertory, index.  —  fob-srdl  prob.  =  fob-fsir^ 
right  of  succession  C.  —  iob-hd  C.  contest, 
quarrel,  sfaife;  scramble,  e.g.  for  money 
thrown  among  the  people. 

^rS*  fdm-bu  fi=  fum-bu. 

^^CT  f&ms-fa  V.  Jdms-pa. 

^'p$^'  for-Uddy  or  for-gdd,  a  INongol  tribe. 

^'5l9f  far-mgd  v.  fur-mgd. 

9^'^  ax-j£qi^^w--c(^,f(>r.<^«tt^,(also 
^  ''  ^N.  ^  do-ker)  a  plaited  tuft 
of  hair,  toupet,  Lexr.  hd-toi  for-tdg;  for- 
hdg  dar  sna  Ina  bbins  Pth,  he  bound  his 
tuft  of  hair  with  a  silk  string  of  five  colours; 
prob.  —  ytsug-t&r  q.v  ;  f6r-to{r)  Lex,  id. 
g^-q-  fdr-pa,  also  /dr-pa  Med.^  the  small- 
pox Sch.;  in  Sik,  fdr-ba  signifies 
pimple,  pustule,  but  the  usual  word  for  this 
is  srm  -  f&r,  and  in  W.  *pul  -  f&i^  has  a 
similar  meaning,  whereas  f&r-bu  Med.  de- 
notes a  whole  class  of  diseases^  comprising 
dyspepsy  and  cutaneous  disorders.  —  dmar- 
fdr  measles  Sch. 

^•q'  f(^-6a  ],  Y.J&r-ba.  —  2.  v.  for-pa. 

g^-q-  idf*-bu  single,  separate;  Tar.  120^  19: 
^  prd -mo  fdr-bu-pa  separate  little 

works,  books  -ScA/^^tC^/^ut^''^'^*^ 
Jr'sS^  f<^  -  wm)  the  ^growing  fat  of  cows, 

goats  etc.  in  consequence  of  steril- 
ity Sch. 
ag^q*  fdl4fa  1.  y.Jdl-ba^  pf.  to  rtdl-ba^ 

what  has  come  forth,  what  has  been 
raised,  elevated  (?)  Sch.  cf.  fol-f6l  Mng.; 
foUydn  to  arise,  to  begin,  suddenly  Sch. 
^q-  fos-pa  1.  vb.  to  hear  B.,  C.  (TT. 

*fsdr-de*)y  rgydUpo  lig-gi  ytam  fds- 
Bom^  or  only  rgydUpo  iig  fds-aam  Dzl,  have 
you  heard  of  a  king?  Jbrds-so  zh*-baiytam 
TgydUpoi  snydn-du  fds-so  it  came  to  the 
king's  hearing  that  he  had   escaped.  Glr. 


^ 


239 


^^  m£a 


—  2.  adj.  m4n-du  fds-pa  far-famed,  renowned, 
frq.;  ma  fds-pa  unheard  of;  fos-grdl  the 
title  of  a  book  which  is  read  to  the  soul 
of  a  deceased  person  (^6-dh6P  6*.,  *fo-d6J^ 
W.)y  and  the  full  title  of  which  is:  fds- 
pa  tsdmrgyis  grdl-ba  fdh-pcd  ?(W  a  doctrine 
by  the  heariog  of  which  a  man  is  instantly 
saved  Thgr.-^  fo9-Mn  Mil.  hearing  little. 

frig-frig  the  creaking  of  shoes. 

nqr  fwag  Ld.  the  sharp  sound,  the  crack- 

^'    ing,  which  is  heard,  when  a  branch 

of  a  tree  is  breaking  off;  cf.  tsa-rdg  and 

Idim. 

^-^.  fnfan  Cs.:  the  lower  part  of  the  body, 

mfan-gda  a  vestment  for  it,  a  sort 
of  petticoat  (ace.  to  others :  toga)  worn  by 
LamaSw 
fjnrr  mfa  (cf.  fd-ma)  1.  end,  ending,  i.  re- 

lative  to  space:  edge,  margin,  brink, 
brim,  of  a  well  GZr.,  skirt  of  a  forest,  gen. 
mfd-ma\  limit,  bound,  border,  confines,  fron- 
tiers, mfa  sk6r-ba  to  go  round  the  confine.*^ 
(of  a  place) ;  mfd-las  ^dds-pa  exceeding  all 
bounds,  very  great,  e.g.  sdug-bsndl  Thgr. ; 
used  even  thus :  rgydUpo  bhugs-pai  mfd-la 
bskor  to  walk  round  him  that  sits  on  a 
throne  Qlr.y  po. ;  adverbially :  di-mfa  round 
this  (mountain)  Mil.\  mfa  dbus  k&n-tu  in 
the  whole  country  (in  the  frontier  districts 
and  in  the  central  parts) ;  mfai  rgyal^Kams 
neighbouring  or  border- country;  mfa  id., 
e.g.  mfa  bit  the  four  border-countries,  i.e. 
all  the  surrounding  territory,  frq. ;  mfai  nor 
the  treasures  of  the  border-country  Glr.; 
mfai  dm<ig  border -war.;  in  the  Tibetan 
part  of  the  Himalaya  mountains  mfa  de- 
notes in  a  special  sense  Hindoostan;  —  in 
grammar:  termination,  na  ma  ra  la  i^- 
mams  mfd-ban  words  ending  in  n,  m,  r,  1; 
gormfd  a  final  g.  2.  relative  to  time:  bskdU 
pai  mfa  Dzl.  the  termination  of  a  Ealpa; 
dus-mfdi  me  the  conflagration  at  the  end  of 
the  world,  the  ecpyrosis ;  in  a  more  general 
sense :  mfa  ndn-pas  as  this  will  end  badly ; 
mfa  yhig-tu  Wdn.  and  Tar.  4,7  Sch.:  on 
the  one  hand,  in  part,  in  a  certain  degree,  in 
some  respect;  Schf.:  ^schlechthin'  (?)  — 


240 


9^^  mfa 


^ 


^^  mfu 


mia-yiddrpa  final  or  definitive  sentence  or 
jadgment  Sch.;  dei  mfa  f^d-pai  pyir  io 
order  to  settle  it  definitely,  viz.  by  counter- 
proof,  Gram.;  ydn-dag-mfa  the  true  end, 
i.e.  objective  truth  Was.  (297);  the  rert, 
remaiflder,  re  -  ddgs  -  kyi  mfa  span  having 
given  up  also  the  last  remnant  of  fefu:  and 
hope  (?&•.,  cf.  mfa  -  dag;  mfa  -  ru,  mfar 
1.  towards  the  end,  towards  the  boundary 
or  the  neighbouring  country;  at  the  end 
etc.;  m£ar  fug ^ pa  to  reach,  to  attain  to 
the  end,  frq. ;  fsei  mtar  f&g-pat  grans  the 
number  of  those  that  reach  the  (natural) 
end  of  life  DzL;  mfar^fug-pa-m^d-pa 
inexhaustible  Dzl.\  mtdr^pyin-pa  (rarely 
mfa/r-Jiyilrba)  id.;  also  absolutely  as  sbst. 
mfar-j^yin-pa  a  perfect,  a  holy  person, 
a  aaint;  mfdr-fon-pa  id,  (?)  Mil.;  mfdr- 
byedrpa  to  give  a  work  its  finish  C,  (Sch. : 
'to  destroy,  demolish'?)  2.  adv.  lastly,  finally, 
in  condusion  Dzl,  Thgy.;  perh.  also  to  the 
very  last,  wholly,  altogether.  3.  postp.  with 
genit  after,  behind,  rgyal-rdbs  sum-brgj/di 
mfar  after  300  royal  generations  Glr.;  sd- 
mtar  Hn^  Hh  is  to  be  written  after  a  final  s, 
Gram.  —  2.  aim,  purpose  C«.  —  3.  system, 
opinion  Tar.  107,  4  Schf.^  perh.  for  grub- 
mfa. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  mfd-klas-pa  Cs.  ^  mfd- 
medrpa^  yet  v.  mfas.  —  mtaskdr  circum- 
ference, perimeter,  v.  dpag-fsad.  —  mfa- 
Jc6b  V.  Jiob.  —  mfa^'u  Glr.  42?  —  mfa- 
rgyds  very  wide  Schr.  —  mfa-ltags  frame, 
of  a  mirror  etc.  Schr.  —  mfor-cag  Med.f 

—  mfor-rlht  final  consonant  Gram.;  mfa^ 
rten-^med-^a  ending  with  a  vowel  Gra/m. 

—  mfa-tig  boundary  line  Sch.  —  mfa-fog- 
fdg  unceasing  (?)  Sch.  —  mtd-dag  several, 
sundry;  all,  frq.;  man-fsig  mfd-dag  the 
plural  sign  mfa-dag  Gram.  —  mta-drans 
Gram.f  —  mfd  ma  the  end,  grdl-gyi  mfa- 
mm  bvr-mo  the  girl  at  the  end  of  the  row 
(opp.  to  the  middle  or  the  other  end,  not 
necessarily  to  the  beginning,  like  rryug-vicC); 
border,  hem,  seam,  of  dresses  Dd. ;  dm  mfoti" 
ba  mfa -ma  to-day  we  see  (him)  for  the 
last  time  Glr.  (fd-m^a  would  be  more  cor- 
rect, like  Dzl.  ^7, 16).  —  mfa-mal-pa 


sometimes  for  fa  -  mal  -  pa.  —  mfd  -  mi 
borderer;  neighbouring  people.  —  mfdmed- 
pay  mfd  -  yas  -pa  infinite^  endless.  —  mfa- 
ysk  WdhJ 

^^^  mfkr  1.  V.  mfa^  2.  for  far. 

mfar-skydl  the  bringing  to  an 
end,  carrying  through,  persistence, 
perseverance  Mil. 


^^^ 


^^SI^   limit?  cf.  .nfa  c 


^    DzL;  by  degrees,  gradually. 

« il^Kf ,  border, 

compounds. 

Hn  indigo  -  plant' ;  ace.  to  a  Lama 
from  Lhasa  however:  1.  mountain  -  blue 
(which  is  found,  together  with  malachite, 
in  the  hills  near  Lhasa).  —  2.  from  the 
resemblance :  indigo-colour  (whereas  indigo 
as  a  substance  is  rams)y  and  esp.  a  li^ht^ 
sky-blue,  azure;  cf.  mfon  m«n,  aSr-^'^«^ 
jtSj-'^Qr  mfin  -  rt7,  Lex.  a  certain  bird; 
Sch. :  a  sort  of  wild  duck ;  ace. 
to  Pth.  a  smaller  bird. 

^^Qv'  mfiu  V.  mfeu. 

S^^X[  ^^^  1*  bottom,  of  a  vessel,  of  the 
sea;  floor,  of  a  room  Glr.;  foundation, 
of  a  house.  —  2.  the  lower  side  of  a  thing; 
inner  or  lower  part  of  a  thing,  Idg-mfU  (resp. 
pydg-mfil)  the  palm  of  the  hand;  lag^^mM- 
na  in  the  closed  hand;  lag-mfU  gan  a 
closed  handful ;  rkan-mfU  (resp.  iabs-mfil) 
the  sole  of  the  foot;  Iham-mfU  the  sole 
of  a  shoe;  mfil  bit  the  palms  of  the  hands, 
and  the  soles  of  the  feet.  —  3.  the  back- 
ground, the  far  end,'  of  a  cave,  a  tunnel  etc. 
—  4.  C:  the  centre,  the  principal  or  chief 
part,  of  a  town;  the  principal  place,  chief 
city,  capital,  of  a  country. 
^n.  mfil  1.  power,  force,  sta^ength,  of  the 
Nd  body,  of  the  mind,  of  Buddha,  of  a 
prayer,  of  witchcraft  etc. ;  ability,  power  or 
authority  to  do  a  thing;  mfu  dark  Iddn-pa 
staDng,  powerful,  efficacious,  able  etc.,  mfu- 
mid  powerless,  feeble,  unable ;  *mt  za  fu  m£* 
C.  I  must  eat  it;  bsgrub^^v-fmB-^mfi^-mMa 
80/1  we  must  be  able  to  fulfil  it  Mil.;  mfur 


^SP\  'fnfiLg 


^ 


^^  mfd'ba 


241 


hig-ffis  by  an  extraordinary  manifestation 
of  power  or  strength  DzL ;  hlui  mfu  yin 
that  is  an  effect  of  the  Lus,  is  produced, 
comes  from  the  Lus  Stg,;  mfiis  by  virtue 
of,  frq.;  mfu-stobs  =  mfu.  —  2.  magic, 
witchcraft,  mfu  ytdn-ba  MiL^  mfu  ^debs-pa, 
*tdb'te*  Vr.,  to  practise  witchcraft,  to  in- 
jure a  person  by  magic  spells,  to  bewitch 
MiL  and  col.  frq.;  mfu  ser  brtad  ysum-- 
po  rdzogS'par  bslabs  conjuring,  raising 
tempests,  exorcising  ghosts,  all  these  things 
I  have  learned  thoroughly  MiL;  mfu -bo- 
ce  high-potent,  high  and  mighty  Tar, 

^^py  mfug  V.  Jug. 
^^'^  mfud-pa  V.  Jfvd-pa 

^ogrzv  ^*^ww  -pa,  also  Jun  -pa,  to  agree, 
nP  to  harmonize;  agreement,  harmony; 
agreeing  etc.,  1.  in  a  general  sense,  c.  c- 
dan^  .  .  yin-^ar  don  mfun-no  they  agree 
in  the  opinion  of  her  being  . . .  Glr. ;  mfun- 
par  byM-pa  to  make  agree,  to  bring  to  an 
agreement,  to  make  consistent,  mfim-par 
^gyitr-ba  to  be  made  agreeing  or  consistent 
Glr.\  dgdm-pa  yUg-tu  mfiin-pa  unanimous; 
ttm  lv^8  dan  w/%^n  god -like  (in  deeds) 
Glrr^  rigs  mtun-^a  of  equal  birth;  h  mfun- 
pa  of  the  same  age,  contemporary;  bio 
mfitn-te  being  of  the  same  mind,  similarly 
disposed,  cos  byd-bar  with  respect  to  re- 
hgion  Glr.]  Ua  mfuvrpar  with  one  mouth, 
gros  mfun-par  with  one  accord,  unani- 
mously, as  one  man ;  grabs  mfun-pa  to  live 
in  hannony;  —  to  be  adequate,  correspond- 
ing to,  e.g.  yid  {dan)  mfi^Vr-par^  resp.  fugs 
dan  mfun-^ar^  to  one's  wish,  as  one  could 
desire  =  yid  l^n-du;  nad  dar'i  mfun-par 
corresponding  to  the  disease,  fit  or  proper 
for  the  disease.  —  2.  in  a  special  sense 
1.  viz.  yid  dan,  to  be  wished  for,  desirable, 
particularly  in  mfun-j'ky^^  v.  rkyen;  also: 
to  wish,  to  like,  to  delight  in,  Uyed-mam^- 
hp»  mfun-pai  rdzas  things  wished  for  by 
you,  desirable  to  you  Mil.;  2,  with  or 
without  ybig-la  ycig:  mfun-nas  whenever 
they  (the  two  nations)  lived  in  peace  with 
each  other  (opp.  to  Jidn-nas)  Glr. ;  mfim- 


pat  ftam  byed-pa  to  converse  amicably 
Glr.y  to  enter  into  negotiations  of  peace 
Glr.\  mfun-par  byM-pa  1,  v.  above,  2.  to 
caress,  to  fondle,  to  dandle  Gh\;  sin-tu 
mfun-par  yod  they  are  on  the  best  terms 
with  each  other,  are  making  love  to  each 
other  Glr.\  mfun-po  bsdad  ^dtig  col.  id.; 
mfun-po  byed-pa  to  be  kind,  affable,  con- 
descending Mil.  (opp.  to  being  proud,  cold, 
reserved) ;  rgya  bod  ynyis  mfun  ^oh  there 
will  be  a  good  understanding  between  China 
and  Tibet  Glr.\  mi  mfun-pai  pyogs  fams- 
cdd'las  rgydl-ba  to  gain  the  victory  over 
all  the  hostile  parties;  mfun-^gyur-gyi yi- 
ge  C.  letter  of  recommendation;  mfun -can 
W.  gentle,  peaceful. 

^«x»  mfur^  also  mtur-mgo.^  v.  fur^m^go^ 
N3  halter,  rta-mfur  Lex.  id.;  mfur-fdg 
rein,  reins  8ch.;  mfur-mfd  the  end  of  the 
reins,  e.g.  to  place  them  into  the  hands 
of  another. 

^^^'  mfu>s  V.  mfu  1. 

^n«^  mfi-boy  col.  mf^-bo/'i,  mfe-cin^  mfc^b- 
mo  (v.  also  fe  bo),  thumb,  rkdn-pai 
vife-bo  the  big  toe;  mfeb-^un  the  little  finger, 
the  little  toe  Glr. 

^gn*  ^^<^  1-  *  "ttle  hammer;  2.  mfeu-clm 

^^  the  little  toe. 
^^  mfo  1.  a  span,  from  the  end  of  the 

thumb  to  the  end  of  the  middle 
finger  when  extended;  mfo  jdl-ba  or  yzdl- 
ba^  W.  *tdb-de*y  to  span,  to  measure  by 
the  hand  with  the  fingers  extended;  mfo 
gdn,  mfo  re  tsam  a  span  (in  length),  mfo 
do  two  spans.  —  2.  v.  mfo-ba. 
jMg^'gfjr-  mfo-gdn  a  little  triangular  re- 

'  ceptacle  into  which  the  likeness 
of  an  enemy  is  placed,  to  whom  one  wishes 
to  do  harm  by  witchcraft  W. 

51^^^'  mfo-rgydb  earnest-money  W. 

«^.  mfd-ba  1.  to  be  high;  highness,  height; 
high,  lofty,  elevated,  B.  (cf.  mfdn-po), 
frq.  fig.;  ligs  ce-lih  mfd-ba-ste  being  of 
high  and  noble  birth  Dzl.\  de-las  mfd-ba 
more  elevated  than  that,  surpassing,  sur- 
mounting that;  c.  accvis.  or  instrum.,  high 

16 


242 


Sli^^l  mfOH-ga 


^ 


SJ^^H  mfdip^o 


as  to  (stature,  rank  etc.)  mfo-na  when  I 
am  high,  when  I  rise;  mfd-ba  yndn-pa 
to  lower  what  is  high,  to  bring  down,  to 
humble,  frq.;  nas  mfo^mfd  byas-pas  dma- 
dmd  byun  the  more  I  was  aspiring,  the 
more  I  was  brought  low  Pth,\  sbyin-pa 
mfO'ba  Stg.  was  explained:  gifts  or  alms 
bestowed  from  a  sincere  heart.  —  2.  hammer, 
V.  fo^ba\  mfo-pO'tog  a  stone  used  as  a 
hammer  Cs. 

Comp.:  mfO'Kyad  height,  highness  Dzl 

—  mfo^ddgs  Pth,  (together  with  yyo-sgyu^ 
and  prag-ddg)  perh.  mistrust,  suspicion; 
*  fdn  -  dod  -  dan*  W.  ambitious,  aspiring, 
aiming  at  things  too  high.  —  mfo^spydd 
W,  a  haughty  manner.  —  mfo-dmdn  1.  Cs, 
high  and  low,  uneven;  also  Schr.  2.  height, 
mto'dmdn  mnydm-pa  of  equal  height  Glr, 

—  mfo^Jsam^s^-pa  v.  fo-Jsam-pa,  —  mfo- 
ris  heaven,  abode  of  the  gods,  paradise, 
Elysium. 

^Qt'ot  mton^a  Sch.,  mfom-Ua  Pth.y  chest, 
'  breast,  mfdn  -  ga  -  nas  ^dzm-pa  to 
seize  by  the  breast  Pth, 
jtgr-n'  ''n^f^'bcL  to  see,  1.  vb.  n.  to  have 
the  power  of  vision,  often  with 
mig^-gis)]  mfdn-bar  ^gyur-ba  to  obtain  the 
faculty  of  seeing,  to  recover  one's  sight; 
mfdn-bar  byidrfa  to  make  (the  blind)  sec 
Dzl,\  mig-gis  nye  mfon  Hh  mi  mton  he 
sees  only  when  the  object  is  near,  not  when 
it  is  far,  he  is  short-sighted  Med, ;  nye-mfon 
short-sighted  Sch.  —  2.  vb.  a.  1.  to  perceive, 
by  the  eye,  to  see,  to  behold,  b6d  -  kyi  ri 
mfoh'bai  ri  an  eminence  from  whence  one 
can  see  the  mountains  of  Tibet  Glr,;  mi 
yidn-gyis  mfon-sar  (a  place)  where  one 
can  be  seen  by  others;  de  bu-mos  mfdn- 
bar  mdzdd^  he  made  it  visible  to  the  girl, 
he  made  her  see  it  Dzl. ;  mfdh-ba  hig  ydd- 
na  if  there  is  one  that  has  seen  it,  if  there 
exists  a  witness  Dzl ;  de  mfdnste  ses  seeing 
this,  I  came  to  know,  i.e.  from  this  I  gaw, 
I  perceived;  mfon  fos  dran  reg^  frq.,  the 
seeing,  hearing,  touching,  thinking  of  (e.g. 
a  form  of  prayer,  or  magic  formula);  ma 
^dn-bar^  (or  ^dn-Ja)  mfdn-nas  as  he  saw 
his   mother  coming,    2.  with  accus.  and 


termin.:  to  regard,  consider,  take  for,  7%y.; 
rdzas  dkar  s^'-por  mfon  Lt  taking  white 
things  for  yellow  ones.  3.  to  meet,  find,  catch. 
4.  to  know,  understand,  perceive  (mentally) 
Mil  5.  col.  to  undergo,  suffer,  endure,  mis- 
fortunes, pain  etc.  (cf.  stonpa  4),  mi  mfon 
mfdii-ba  to  suffer  what  is  not  to  be  suffered, 
not  bearable  nif.,  cf.  Itd-ba. 

Comp.  mfon -Huh  Cs.  *a  window',  prob. 
for  mfohs-Hun,  —  mf&n-sgom-ban  Thgy, 
was  explained:  one  who  instantly  knows 
and  understands  every  thing  he  sees  (?)  — 
mfdh-Jior,  mfdn-mfa^  the  reach  of  sight, 
range  of  vision  Cs.,  *f6n  -Ji(yr  -  la  bot^  W. 
do  not  take  them  (the  horses)  farther  than 
you  can  see  them;  the  horizon  Cs.;  ndon- 
dug  ('eye-poison')  evil-eye  &ch,\  envy, grudge, 
jealousy.  —  mfoh-sndh  V.  snan-ba.  —  mfon- 
byid  that  which  sees,  the  eye  Cs, ;  the  sub- 
stance which  is  the  source  of  vision,  a 
species  of  gall^  ^Hih'M%  M^^*  —  mfoii" 
lam  the  path  of  obtaining  the  power  of 
sight,  a  mystical  state  Was,  (139)  —  mf6hr 
Itigs  the  way  of  beholding,  of  viewing  a 
thing;  notion,  idea,  opinion  =  sndh-ba^  mtdn- 
higs  pum-du  byun  three  different  opinions 
were  forming  Gh\ 

^'^^'    S'^HC^  '^^^'^^^  r^o-wfen*  1. 
'  ^  anopeningforthesmoke 

in  a  ceiling  or  roof,  also  mfdns  -  Hun,  — 
2.  also  mfdhs-Ua,  pavilion,  platform,  open 
gallery,  on  a  flat  roof  Glr,  (Cs.:  Smpluvium, 
or  the  opening  in  the  middle  of  a  sqoare 
building',  for  which,  however,  the  Tibetan 
word  seems  to  be  Kyamjs  or  Myams-midiis). 
^^^_.  mfdns-ka  silk  omaments  on  the 

'    borders  of  a  painting  Cs. 
$I§C?TQ'  7wfd/28-^a  Cs, :  to  lose  one's  sensss; 

perh.  J&ms-pa, 
^^•m-  mfdn-ka,  or  mfdn-ga  Lex,\  Cs,  1. 

^   '  azure,  sky-blue  (?).  —  3.  n.  of  a 
flower.  —  3.  Glr,  one  of  the  five  celestial 
gems;  mfon-ka  'S6n-po  another  ol  these 
gems.  — 
gjj^gjr  mfdn-po  high,  elevated,  B.  and  coL 

^  (cf.  mfd-ba)y  of  water  deep,  of  the 
voice  loud,  of  weight  and  measure  full,  of 
rank  high;   *?(fe-«/fead  f&n-po*  W.  high- 


^^•^  mfdlria 


^ 


243 


q^q'  Jdb-pa 


sooDdiDg  words,  pompous  style;  *ldg-len 
f6n^*  W.  highly  skilled,  well  practised. 
—  mfon-mfiii  'the  high  blue  (thing)'  viz. 
the  hair  of  the  head  of  Buddha,  always 
represented  as  of  a  light  sky-blue. 

^Sorq-    qgoi'q'  ^^^of^f>(^^  JdUba,  to  con- 
'  less,  to  avow,  nyes-pa 

Dd,;  mfol  fsdns  (cf.  ^yod-fsdns)  confession, 
acknowledgment,  mfoUfsdm  byM-pa  Dzl, 
mfol  Mags-fa  to  make  confession,  to  con- 
fess, which  ace.  to  Buddhist  doctrine  in- 
volves atonement  and  remission  of  sins. 

$fS?r  ^'^^^  ^-  ^*  '•'fl'^'  elevated,  *(.im-si 
Ban  fo8  ma  len*  do  not  take  more 
than  is  right!  —  2.  MilJ 

'  foffy  1.  to  grind,  ran-tdg-gu  in  a 
mill  Zfe/.,  gro  wheat,  pyi-mar  to  flour;  to 
reduce  to  powder,  to  pulverize,  by  means 
of  two  stones  (cf.  ytan)'^  to  mash.  —  2.  to 
weave,  snam-bu  cloth;  ofdg{'j>a)'po,  Jdg^ 
mSan  a  weaver;  dar-fag-bu-mo  the  daughter 
of  a  silk -weaver  Glr.  —  Jag-stdn  loom 
ScA.  — /o^-rdd  mill-stone,  grinding-stone(?) 
Sck 
ngr'gf'  Jdn  -po  Wdn,  a  bodily  defect  or 

deformity,  prob.  f^n^po. 
qnr-  Jad  \Mfi%,  pleasure;  will;  joy,  v.  the 

following  article. 
Qor-q-  Jddrpa  I.  1.  to  be  pleasant,  agree- 

'  able,  well -pleasing  ccdp.,  ymn  de 
kun  ^^tu  s^ms'la  /dd-pa  hlg  byun  all 
these  sayings  have  pleased  me  very  much 
Mil.  —  2.  (not  governing  a  case)  to  please, 
to  be  acceptable,  to  be  considered  as  good, 
to  be  (generally)  admitted,  mi  Jdd-par 
mion  I  see  that  (this  reading)  is  not  ge- 
nerally accepted  Zam,;  les-pa^ah  Jdd-do 
it  occurs  also  in  this  form  Zam.;  mi-Jdd' 
de  wrong!  Was.  (294);  to  be  fit,  proper, 
SuHable  (syn.  to  ^os-pd)^  sems  z^r-ba  mi 
Jdd-la  as  it  is  not  proper  to  call  it  soul, 
as  it  cannot  fitly  be  called  soul  Mil  — 
3.  a  familiar  word,  very  frq.  used,  in  W. 
almost  the  only  word  for  dgd-ba  and  ^dM- 
pa,  *sem  fad  -  de*  cheerfully,  joyfully  W., 
Jadrrgyu  mid-pa  tsam  zig-la  prob. :  as  he 
became  angry  Mil.;  ^sim-mi  ndn-ne  fad 


son*,  also  *tin  (q.  v.)  ^fdg^pa-ne  fad-son* 
W.  I  have  been  heartily  glad;  Jad-Jad- 
JLra  yan  Mil.  though  apparently  rejoicing; 
*ma  fad-fd(f^  W.  I  am  very  glad  of  that; 
*sem  fdd  bug-be"^  W,  to  make  glad,  to 
exhilarate;  ^sd-heb-bi  ho-la  mi  fadnla*  W. 
does  your  honour  not  like  curdled  milk? 
*fdd'Uan*  W.  willing,  ready;  ^gd-ru  fad- 
na  son*  W.  go  wherever  you  like;  log-pa- 
Jad  let  us  turn  back  Glr. ;  rdtVhi  Jdd-la 
voluntarily,  spontaneously. 

II..  Sch.  =  Jdn-pay  Jad-lddn  =  Jdn-po. 

Q^i^   Jan  bad,  Jan-^dre  a  demon  Sch. 

Q^S^ZV  ffdn-pa  (cog.    to  brtdn-po  and 
^       fdn-pof)  Cs.  also  Jdd-pa,  firmness, 
constancy,  in  Lea^x.  explained  by  ndn-tan; 
mi  Jdn-po  a  steady,  resolute  man  Cs. 

Qon'zr  Jdb-pa  to  combat,  to  fight,  in  a 
battle;  to  quarrel,  to  dispute,  to 
brawl;  Ua-fsub  dan  Jdb-pa  to  struggle 
with  a  snow-storm  MU.\  Jfdb-pa  m^d-Hn 
si'ba  to  die  peaceably,  without  a  struggle; 
Jdb'pa  ^diim-na  when  quarreling  (persons) 
are  reconciled;  Ka-JdbCs.  a  fighting  with 
the    mouth,    altercation;    lag  -  Jfdb   Cs.   a  I 

fighting  with  one's  hands,  a  close  fighting, 
a  scuffle  {Sch.  gesticulation?);    Jab -Ml  *^  It^lifoJhi^ 
Lex.  dispute,  contest;  Job-Jirug  prob.  id.;  Lijl^^'<t^ 
{Lex.    in^  weapon?);    *fab-dhdb*  Cl^'^"^"^ 
weapons,  arms;  Jab-cds  ammunition,  re-  c*^*;;^*^  ' 
quisites  for  war  Schr.;  Jab-brdunSy  a-/W 
Jab'brduns  the  quarreling  and  thrashing 
of  my  uncle  Mil.;  Jdb-mo  quarrel,  fight, 
row,  fray,  battle,  B.  and  col.  frq.,   Jdb- 
mo  byM-pa  B.,  *c6-ce*  W. ,  to  quarrel, 
fight  etc.;   Jdb-md  sprdd-pa  to  fight   a 
battle,  to  join  battle  Glr.;  Jab-^hdb  a  dry 
cough  Sch.  —  ^jfdft-rfedd  altercation,  quarrel, 
brawl,   frq.  —  Jab-ya  antagonist,  Kydd- 
kyis  nai  Jdb-ya  byed  dgos  thou  must  con- 
tend with  me  Glr.  —  bdud-mai  Jdb-ya 
a  termagant,  a  she-devil  to  struggle  with 
Mil. ;  ynds'skabs-kyi  Jdb-ya  the  antagonists 
of  life,    i.  e.   the  family  and    relations   a 
secular  man  has  to  struggle  with  Mil.  —  * 
Jab-rdgs  intrenchment,  breast-work,  forti- 
fication C. 

16* 


244 


(^^•(^  Jib-^ha 


^ 


r«Tf.^ 


^1^ 


/ui^ 


^^'^S'  o^^^'J^  a  cricket  Sch. 

nmr-q-  Jdm-pOy  pf.  o^«^w«,  1.  to  Seize,  to 
lay  hold  of,  to  grasp,  to  take  a 
firm  hold  of,  esp.  with  the  teeth  (dogs), 
or  the  jaws  (serpents  W.);  to  sting  (of 
bees  PT.);  to  embrace,  ^rkan-pa  ^fdm-be* 
W,  to  put  one's  arms  around  a  person's 
feet,  as  a  supplicant;  to  grasp  intellectually, 
to  comprehend  (?)  Glr.  —  2.  to  gnash,  so 
one's  teeth;  to  Shut  closely,  Ha  one's  mouth, 
frq.  —  3.  to  join,  unite  (vb.  n.),  grdgs-su^ 
grogs 'por  Stg.^  in  friendship,  by  a -bar  in 
an  act,  an  undertaking  D^;/. 
C^^'^'  Jdl'ba  V.  fal-ba. 

Qin«j-q- ^,fa«-pa,  Leas.—mKregs^pa^  hard, 
solid;  bag-Mgs  rgyud-la  ^fasprob.: 
inordinate  desire  has  taken  a  firm  hold  of 
your  minds;  sra^Jds  Sch,  strong^  robust, 
sinewy;  a-Jas-te,  and  o-Jas-b/i  bag- cogs 
PikJ 

to  fall  in  drops,  to  drop  from,  flrag 
via  Jigs-^ar  Lt  without  any  blood  drop- 
ping out.  —  2.  vb.  a.,  pf.  btigs^  fut.  bUg  to 
cause  to  fall  in  drops,  to  instil  etc. 
(IflC''^^'  o^iVi  -  slad  Cs,  a  term  of  blame 

^  ^  or  abuse;  Lexjn, 
nSqxr  o^**«  a  c<>ver,  covering;  Jibs-^og 
^         tmdf  S.g. 

^g— -j™  ^fibs-pa,  pf.  fibs  and  /'tibs  (cf. 
ytibs^pa%  to  gather,  of  clouds, 
storms;  nd-bun  bkin^du  ^fibs-par  gyur-to 
(all  the  Buddhas)  came  drawing  nearer 
like  clouds  of  mist  Glr,;  to  condensate,  vb. 
n.  Ijdn-sin  fams-cdd  dgci-bai  fsdUdu  ^fibs 
all  the  trees  afiFord  a  delightful  shade  Glr,; 
byih  Jihs  drowsiness  overcomes  me;  po. 
and  fig.  to  grow  dark  or  dim,  hh-pa  con- 
sciousness Med,  —  Jibs'po  dark,  close, 
dense. 

^i^'^'  ofifn-pa  V.  fim-pa. 

nrrq*  o^"'^^  !•  ^^j-  V*  fi^-ba,  —  2.  vb., 
NO  also  Jun-^a^  pf.  Jus^  btus,  fut.  btu^ 
imp.  fiis,  biu  (Cs.),  to  gather,  collects  pick 
up,  siuy  me-tog^  frq.;  fus-mi  an  assemblage 
of  men,  council,  Cs, 


imp. 
*fun 


n  nj^'q-  Jun-ba,  pf.  /urn  (Cs.  also  iiii^s 
NO         I  have  drunk  out),  (fut.  btun  Cs.), 

^fu/'i^  {Cs,  also  btwi  drink  out!),  IF. 

ce*,  to  drink,  frq.;  to  suck,  to  smoke 
(tobacco),  to  eat  (soup);  to  be  soaked, 

drenched  (cloth)  DzL;  ndms-pa  Jun-ba 
to  drink  one's  fill  Dd.;  zo-^fum^  ^o-^^ 
suckling  baby;  io-Jun  dus-^na  during  the 
time  of  giving  suck  Medr^  Juns-pa  t^m- 
gyis  immediately  after  drinking  Thgy.; 
Juris 'SO  they  were  engaged  in  drinkiDg 
Ghr.;  Jun-du  run-ba^  W.  *fun'C6^,  drink- 
able; btuh'ba  sbst.  drink,  beverage,  bzd-ba 
dan  btuh-bay  bza4>tun  (  W,  ^zabtkr?)  meat 
and  drink,  frq.;  btun-^  water  for  drinking 
Mil.  — 

^^^,    ^^^  o%-:P«,  mfug-pa,  adj. 

NO  '  '  NO  '  and  abstr.  sbst,  Jug- 
po  adj  ,  thick,  mta-Jiig  thicker  toward  the 
margin  or  edge  Mng>;  gen.  of  woven  stuffs, 
opp.  to  »rdb^a;  srab-Jug  1.  thin  and  thick, 
2.  thickness  relatively;  also  consistency,  of 
liquids,  opp  to  sld-ba  Med,;  dense,  nags, 
frq.;  SOUnd,  heavy,  ^tiyid  ^fug-po  a  soond 
sleep;  strong,  bag-  ^dgs  ^fug-po  a  strong 
inclination  MU, 
qgr-q-    ^fl^'^'  ^fiid'pa^   mtiid-pa  to 

No^  '  no'  make  longer  by  adding 
a  piece,  to  piece  out,  to  prolong,  pu-dm 
W,  a  sleeve;  sky^a  Jud  mi  dgos  he  has 
no  need  of  adding  a  re-birth,  a  new  period 
of  life  Pth.;  Jud-ma  1.  addition,  prokm- 
gation,  ^srdg-gi  fud-ma  tdn-^e*  W.  prolong- 
ing life  (by  medicine,  careful  nursing).  — 
2.  aid,  assistance,  subsidy,  e.g.  to  a  needy 
betrothed  couple;  also  a  gift  of- honour,  a 
present,  offered  to  a  departing  benefactor 
ur  respected  Lama  W.;  dmag-Jud  sub- 
sidies; auxiliary  troops.  —  3.  help,  assistance 
in  general. 

nngr  j^^n  gatherer,  Uh-Jim  a  gatherer  of 
^No'   wood,  rtsa-Jiin  of  gras^.:«.  •'J^-^ 

xT       Jub,  btuby  W,  *fuh-b^^  to  CUt  into 
pieces,  v.  ytub-pa, 
ngxTCT  o^^"i^^5  pf-  JuTns^  btums,  fut 

NO  btum,  imp.  o^ww,  bturrk,  W.  *ft#i»- 

c'd^,  to  cover  or  lay  over,  to  put  over,  to 


0^^ 


;fvms 


^ 


Q^^^cr  o%«^« 


245 


coat,  zdnh-kyis  Glr.;  to  wrap  up,  to  envelop, 

Qmx^  o^tiTns  barren,  sterile;  addled  (eggs); 
\3        blO'Jums  stupid  Lexx, 

Q^  Jur  supine  of  Ju-ha, 

Qgoj-q*  j^id-ha  to  rise,  to  spread,  of  smoke, 
\d  vapours,  perfumes,  ga-pur  Jul  it 
smells  of  camphor  L^a?.;  rdul  mi  JuUbar 
byds-pai  ^dg-tu  after  having  laid  the  dust 
DzL;  la 'Ids  bdtu/spds  Jul  some  persons 
were  spreading  perfumes  Pth. 

'  journey.  (To  me  only  "tdg-be*  W. 
is  known.)  1.  to  pack  up.  2.  to  depart  It 
prob.  signifies  the  same  as  fig-pa^  o^9^' 
fa  to  lift,  raise,  talce  up,  cf.  yii  btdg-des, 
or  ^degs'pa  to  shift,  to  change,  lodgings, 
to  remove;  feg^lHig  carpet-bag,  knapsack. 
Q^r*  J^-i  perh.  only  another  spelling  for 
ieh\  Sch,  has  ^^-la  Jbdr-ba  to  throw 
amy  as  unfit,  and  if  that  be  correct,  it 
may  serve  to  explain  both  significations 
mentioned  under  fen, 

a^*q*  o^^'^-^^  ^'  ^^  be  lame,  to  go  lame, 
cf.  tin-po;  also  adj.:  bm-mUan 
bym  Jen '  ma  big  kyah  med  not  even  a 
lame  chicken  came  to  meet  me  MiL  nt 

'  up,  upward,  mdun-du  forth,  out; 
par  Jen  fsur  Jen  they  pulled  to  and  fro, 
this  way  and  that  way  Pth. ;  nur-gyis  by 
jerks,  by  little  and  little  Glr. ;  yol-ba  J^- 
pa  a  curtain  drawn  before  Glr.;  *u  fM- 
h^  W.  to  draw  breath,  to  breathe;  in  W. 
esp.  used  for  to  draw  out  (a  cork)  to  take 
off  (a  pot -lid),  to  draw  or  take  away  (a 
pot  from  the  fire).  —  2.  tO  stop,  tO  stop 
short,  to  wait,  J&n-pa  bzan  it  will  be  ad- 
visable to  stop,  to  wait.  —  In  W.  also  = 
rthi'pa  to  lean,  recline ^  repose  on.  — 
^gor-h  fhir-b^  W.  to  form  on  a  lathe,  to 
turn.  —  Sch.i  Jen^Jiyh  forgetting  and 
remembering  (?).  .        .  ^  .    ' 

gdq-  Jeb  overplus^  extra,  supernumerary, 
gos-Jib  a  supernumerary  dress  Lex. ; 
^nal-goB  Jeb^h/is  Jum-pa  to  wrap  up  in 
an  extra  blanket  Lea.;  lag  ybig  Jeb  one 


day  over,  or  too  much;  Jib -pa  to  have 
too  much  (?)  Sch. 

aSq^rr  o^^'*«-i^«>    pf-  ^^^^y  (prop,   the 
'  passive  or  neuter  vb.  to  JfAbs- 

pa^  but  often  not  differing  from  it,  v.  JUba- 
pa)  1.  to  be  thrown,  strewed,  scattered,  sd- 
bon  Mil.;  to  be  afflicted  with,  befallen  by, 
ndd'kyis  a  disease,  frq.,  also  with  lus-la 
Glr.;  Ian  Jebs-pa  to  answer;  ysal  Jibs-pa 
to  be  explained  minutely;  to  be  under- 
stood perfectly  Thgr.  —  2.  W.  to  be  hit 
or  struck  {^Kis-pa;  *'i-ru  feb  son*  I  have 
been  hit  here  (stung,  bitten  etc.);  *feb  tug- 
te  tori*  put  it  down,  hitting  (the  right  place), 
i.e.  put  it  just  in  its  proper  place;  *mi 
feb've*  not  to  hit  the  mark,  to  miss  the 
aim;  *ma  feb'^  the  blow  did  not  strike  home; 
even  of  a  prayer  is  said:  *feb*y  it  has  hit, 
it  has  been  heard.  —  3.  Cs.  in  a  general 
sense:  to  take,  seize,  hold  fast;  Jebs-Wb 
Cs.\  'a  tailor's  instrument  for  holding  fast 
cloth  etc.  in  sewing;  a  thimble';  but  the 
latter  is  undoubtedly  to  be  spelled  mfeb 
(or  febyiHbs;  v.  Ibibs. 
ng^^-q-  Jims-pa  Cs.:  *to  shut,  comprise, 
cover,  include;  v.  Jams-pa';  the 
Lexx.  have  only:  nan-(!ags-JimSj  Boidjems- 
ndn  w.  e.  In  W.  it  is  1 .  vb.  n.  to  Jams- 
pa:  *ldg-pa  fern*  my  hand  has  been  squeezed 
in,  *fim-dei  M-lag*  a  thing  (e.g.  a  machine) 
giving  chances  of  being  squeezed.  —  2.  to 
suffice,  =  Jiyid-pa^  Iddn-ba. 

CllfCU^^^'  Jo-Jsdms-pa  v.  to  etc. 

n^OTq-  o%-P«  Cs.=ytdg-pay  Sch.  also 
'       -=  Jdg-pa. 

^  '  take,  to  seize,  to  take  up,  a  knife, 
a  sword  Dzl.^  provisions  in  order  to  dis- 
tribute themDzZ.,  esp.  to  carry  D^/.  and 
elsewh.;  rdl-mo  Jdgs-pa  Glr.,  Tar.  21,  16, 
prob.  to  carry  musical  instruments  (or  to 
make  music?);  =  fdb-pa  to  receive,  *mii 
\  lus  fogs  re-ri^  or  fogs  ^dd^  all  that  have 
received  human  bodies  by  the  metem- 
psychosis C.J  W.  —  2.  «  ^ddgs-pa  with  pan^ 
frq.,  V.  ^ddgs-pa;  Tar.  159,16  =  to  name, 
to  call. 


246 

oMr-q-  Jomrfa^  pf.  and  imp.  fon,  vb.n. 
'  to  Jidn^a^  in  W^.  very  frq.,  in  B, 
less  so,  =^  byun-ba,  1.  to  come  out,  to  go 
out,  *dd(/'Ba  Itan-pa-ne  ion*  he  is  just 
coming  out  of  the  house;  kan  pyir  Jdn- 
te  all  coming  out  Mil. ;  to  remove  (from  a 
house  or  place),  to  leave,  ^fon-cdg*  W,  the 
last  farewell;  to  depart,  to  emigrate;  ctipd* 
gar  fdn^naa  when  I  shall  be  beyond  the 
river  Mil,;  more  carelessly:  *ijul  fdn-nuy 
lun-pa  fon-na*  W,  when  one  has  passed 
through,  the  village,  the  valley ;  ^dun-du 
fdn  -  d^  to  step  or  come  forth  (from  the 
crowd  etc.) ;  to  rise,  arise,  originate,  v.  sni/i/i- 
ru8.  —  2.  for  ^dn-ba,  to  COme,  esp.  Bat. 
—  3.  to  come  from,  to  proceed  from,  to 
have  origin,  bod  Uo-rdh-nas  Jdn-pa  yln 
these  are  products  of  Tibet  itself;  hence: 
to  occur,  like  ^oh-ba,  fsdn-pas  /inr-nas  Jon 
^dug  (these  goods)  occur  as  imported,  are 
imported ;  i*ig-pa-can  mih  Jon yin-te  known 
as  being  acute,  sagacious. 

q^q*  Jdb-pa,  V.  fdb-pa. 


^ 


da 


^   ^     '  ^  pa,  to  be  dim,  dull, 

clouded,  of  the  sensesand  the  understanding, 
*nyid  tom-be*  W,  to  Slumber,  to  doze,  *nyid 
yur-be*  id.;  7ngO'{bo)  Jom  consciousness 
is  clouded  or  darkened,  by  intoxication, 
disease il/?c^.;  also  of  religious  darkness  JVA.; 
*mig  torn  -  tdm  ca  dug^  W.  he  is  dazzled 
(by  the  brightness  of  the  son);  Idons-sin 
J&m^ar  gyur  having  become  blind  Dzl. 
n§^'  Jot  fragment,  of  a  book  Tar.,,  cf. 

fdr-bu. 
QOX'n'  o^^'"^^  pf"  btor^  fut.  ytar^  imp. 
Jovy  1.  prop.  vb.n.  to  be  scattered, 
of  leaves  by  the  wind  DzL^  to  fly  asunder, 
to  be  dispersed;  to  fall  to  pieces^  to  decay, 
of  the  body  after  death  Mil, ;  to  burst,  of 
a  gun;  but  also  vb.a.:  vi^-tog  J&r^ba  to 
strew  flowers  Glr.,  Dzl,;  J(yr^Juh  libation 
Cs.,  hi'J&r  libation  of  water  &ch.i  cf.  ^^•- 
ba,  —  %W.\  to  have  notches,  flaws,  of 
edge-tools. 

Q^^'^  JdUba  V.  mfdl-ba. 


^ 


^-  da  \,  the  letter  d,  originally,  and  in 
'  the  froniier  districts  also  at  present, 
pronounced  like  the  German  d,  i.e.  not 
quite  so  soft  as  the  English  d;  in  6'.  as 
initial  aspirated  and  low-toned,  dh ;  as  final 
letter  half  dropped,  and  changing  a  pre- 
ceding a,  0,  u  into  a,  o,  u\  as  prefix  in  Kh, 
and  BaL  =  ;',  not  differing  from  the  pre- 
fixed g.  —  da- drdg  is  a  term  used  by 
grammarians,  for  the  now  obsolete  rf  as 
second  final,  after  ii,r,l,  e.g.  in  kund^ 
changing  the  termination  du  into  tu\  no,, 
ro,,  lo  into  to;  nam,  ram,,  lam  into  tam,  — 
2.  num.  figure  for  11. 


r»  da  1.  gen.  at  the  head  of  a  sentence: 
^  now,  at  present,  just,  esp.  before  the 
imp.  mood:  da  kar-ddn-la  son  just  go  to 
Kardang!  directly,  immediately,  forthwith, 
instantly;  in  narration  sometimes  (though 
rarely)  for  then,  at  that  time.  —  2.  in  col. 
language  after  the  emphatical  word  of  the 
sentence:  it  is  true,  to  be  sure,  indeed,  *hn 
da  yod  ml  msd^  time  I  have,  it  is  true, 
but  no  money. 

Comp.  da-ko  Sch.  =  da,  —  dd-H  a  litUe 
while  ago,  lately.  Mil.  and  col.  --  dd-^a 
in  future,  henceforward.  —  da-nyid  the 
present  time;  but  just  now.  —  dd-lta{r) 


247 


^•p*  dd-Ma  ^ 

1.  now,  at  present,  dd-^nas  dd-lta  pdn-la 
from  lately  till  now  Thgy.;  dd-ltai  (or  dd- 
Itar-gyi)  bdr-du  until  now ;  dd-ltai  spydd-- 
lam  OUT  course  of  acting  during  this  life 
Glr, ;  dd  -  Itar^  gyi  byd  -  ia,  or  dnds-po  a 
person's  experience  or  actions  during  the 
present  period  of  his  life  Dzh ;  da-lta^nyid- 
duGlr,^  da-lta^rdn  Mil  J  Pth,^  instantly; 
dd-ltor-ba  Cs.^  dd-ltar-ia  Gram.y  dus  dd-lta- 
ha  the  present  time,  presence;  the  present 
tense  2.  W.  hereafter,  afterwards,  *ddg-8a 
mi  gos,  ddUta  ton*  I  do  not  want  it  now ; 
give  it  me  afterwards.  —  dd-ste  henceforth, 
from  this  Jjme  forward  DzL  —  da-dM  (frq. 
pronounced  and  spelled  da-Hiii)  v.  below. 

—  dxi-d^  Glr,  and  C.  now.  —  da  nan  this 
morning.  —  dd-ni  1.  now,  2.  henceforth  Gh\ 
da^yi(nydad  DzLy  da-pyis  Glr.  henceforth. 

—  dd-byun  a  man  of  yesterday,  an  upstart 

—  dd'tsam  about  this  time.  —  da-Uiin 
henceforth  i%.  —  da-yzdd  but  now,  but 
just,  not  until  now.  —  "da-rdm*  C.  =  da- 
nan,  —  da^iih^  da-dun  still,  still  more,  da- 
run  ton  give  still  more!  da-rUh  Ugs-par 
fsuh-bar  zu  please,  explain  it  more  in 
detail  Ma.;  still  longer,  once  more,  da-run 
yan  again  and  again,  over  and  over  again; 
*da-ruh  fsd-big  ma  tsar*  W,  it  is  not  quite 
finished  yet.  —  da-ris  (Sck.  also  da-rd- 
ba?)  1.  now,  now  at  least,  but  for  this  time 
(opp.  to  sndn-^ady  shar^  pyi^)  Mil,  2.  W, 
formerly,  heretofore  (opp.  to  da  now).  — 
dd-h  this  year,  in  this  year. 

CTq*  dd-Ka  horse-shoe,  *dhd-Ua  gydb-pa* 

' '      to  shoe  a  horse  C, 
r-^«  dd'H  (std'Hf)  sickle  hook,  for  cutting 

'       off  briers  Lh, 

^^'  dd-hi  mercury  Med. 
*>i5^  ^'^9  *  medicine  Med. 
S,^2F[  da-drdg  v.  the  letter  d. 

s:-OTr    ^'fimr    K^-  da-prug,  dwa-prug, 
1^  I'  ^^1'  ^      da-tsi,  orphan, 
r^q*  diod-ba  a  plant  Med.^  yielding  an  acrid 
^      drug;  da-fsdd  id.(?);  da-rgod^  and 
da-yy&n  are  two  species  of «this  plant,  the 


^2I[Cr  ddg^a 


former  of  which  is  considered   to  be  of 
greater  virtue  Wdn. 

^*^m'  dd-bag  v.  fa-bag^  far-Jbdg, 

^  N^  da-bh*  v.  ta-bdr^  Tnda-bh*. 

r'§r»  da-byid  lizard,  Med,\  Lea:.  =  skyin- 

'^  '  g&r, 
r-;^  dd-ra  col.  and  sometimes  B.  =  ddr- 

'      ba  buttermilk. 
ff'jij-  da-li  several  low-growing  kinds  of 

Rhododendron, 
j-qi-  dag   1.  sign  of  the  plural,   eleg.  for 

^  '  maim;  often  added  to  the  pronouns 
de  and  ^di,  and  sometimes  to  numerals; 
also  in  the  combination  dag -mams.  In 
translations  of  Sanskrit  works  it  denotes 
the  dual  number.  —  2.  nd-dag,  Uyid-dag^ 
seems  in  Mil.  often  to  be  used  for  nd-lta- 
Im-dug  my  equal,  or  equals  (another  reading 
is  7\d  -  Ita,  v.  Ita  2).  —  3.  W.  col.  =  da^ 
esp.  in  the  compounds  *ddg-8am,  dagsa* 
now;  also  certainly,  it  is  true  (v.  da  2)  Mil 
—  4.  V.  ddg-pa. 

rrmjq'  ^dg  -  Ua  is  said  to  be  used  in  Ts, 

1  "     for  di'lla. 
rqr^*  ddg  -  H  Lh.  mint,   aromatic  plant, 

I  '       Mentha  Royliana. 

rrrrarOTaj-  dag-ga-dog-gd  Ld.  for  dog- 

%/* 
rqi-q-  ddg-pa  (prop.  pf.  of  ^ddg-pa\  clean, 

^  '  pure;  cleanness,  purity;  as  adj.  also 
ddg-po,  W.  *ddg-7no*;  ddg-par  ^yur-ba  to 
become  clean,  ddg-par  bydd-pa  to  make 
clean,  to  cleanse,  to  purify,  ddg-par  Jiru- 
ba  {W.  *ddg-mo  tu-de*)  to  wash  clean; 
more  frq.  fig. :  *Xfa  ma  dhag*  C.  impure, 
incorrect,  vulgar  pronunciation,  cf.  sgra  1; 
rigs  ma  dag  impure  blood  or  kindred ;  com. 
pure  with  regard  to  religion  and  morals, 
(also  =  holy,  sacred,  relative  to  lifeless  ob- 
jects), lu8  dan  nag  dan  yid-kyi  las  ydns-su 
ddg-pa  quite  pure  in  word  and  action  Dzl. ; 
lus  dag  sems  dag  dbdn-po  dag^  also  Itis- 
yUaneic,  id.;  ddg-par  Jis6-ba  to  lead  a 
pure,  a  virtuous  life;  smon-lam  ddg-pa  is 
stated  to  mean  a  sincere  prayer  Glr.;  mdmr 
(par)  dag(-pd)  quite  pure,  most  holy,  frq.; 


248 


^^  ddg.pa 


dan 


hence  rnam'(par)  dag^-pm*)  rtsi-ha^  or 
mdzdd'pa  is  used  for:   to  justify,  in   a 
scriptural  sense,  by  Chi\  Prot ;  mi  or  ma- 
ddg-pa  impure;  impurity,  bkrus-na  mi^dg- 
pa  Tndd'do  when  they  have  bathed  they 
are  quite  clean  Dzl.  —  Adv.  ddg-par^  e.g. 
Jcru'ba  v.  above;  ddg-tii  assuredly,  certainty 
Lf.(?);  ddg-gis  purely  =  quite,  entirely 
S.g,(?);  *ddg-mo*  W.  id.,  *ddg'mo  srdg- 
ce*  to  burn  completely,  ^ddg-mo  za-ce*  to 
eat  all,  to  consume  entirely.  —  xfah-dag- 
pa  Skr,  ^9^^^  TrigL,  actual,  real,  ydn-dag- 
par  cu  yin  in  reality  it  is  water  Dzlr^  more 
frq.  construed  thus:  de  yin  ydh-dag^na  if 
it  is  really  that,  bUon  ydn-dag-na  if  you 
are  really  willing  to  sell  it,  ^dod  ydh-dag- 
na  if  you  really  wish  it,  Kyod-la  yod  ydh- 
dag-na  if  you  really  have  Dzl, ;  ydn-dag- 
pa  doji  bdin-^ai  fstd  b^ih-du  in  truth  and 
in  reality /S.O.;  yait-dug-pa  ni  bden-pa-ste 
since  that  which  is  real  is  true  S.O,;  yan- 
dag-pa-ny/d  reality  S,0.;  dg^-bai  ^ds-imams 
ydn-dag^ar  bldn-ba  to  assume,  to  adopt, 
virtuous  habits  earnestly  Stg. ;  ydn-dag-par 
rdzdgS'pa  really  accomplished  S,0,;  yah- 
dag-par  Itd-ba  to  be  orthodox,  v.  dge-ba 
bbu ;  yan  -  dag  lam  the  right  way,  =  fdr- 
lam  Alil.;  yan-dag-ddn  seems  to  be  =  nes- 
don  Mil.^  but  ydn-dag  don-du  ynyir-ba  to 
aim  at,  to  aspire  to,  truth  MU,;  ydn-dag- 
pai  ddn-la  ^Jug-pa  to  be  pious  Thgy.  — 
Comp.    dag-brjod  orthoepy  Cs,  —  da^- 
fir-bay  dag- fir  byid-pa  Sch.  to  clean,  to 
cleanse;  Tar,  189,22;  dag-ster(^cer)mdzdd' 
pa,  —  dag '(pai)   snan^-ba)  Schr.   'good 
opinion' (?),  prob.:  a  pure,  sound  view  or 
knowledge  6/r.;   in  Mil,  it  has  a  similar 
meaning;  ^dhag-ndn  jdn-wa*  C.  to  lead  a 
holy  life.  —  dag-liii  holy  country  Sch,  — 
dag-yig  orthography;  siidn-gyi-dag-yig  the 
older  orthography;  brda-ddg  =  dag-yig. 

^P\^'  ddg-pa^  W.  ^dag-ce*^  v.  tig-pa, 

j-r-  dauy  postp.  c.  accus ,  with  (Lat.  cum), 
^  na  dan  with  me  (often  with  the  ad- 
dition of  bhds'pa^  Uian-ycig^  mnydm^  q.  v.), 
e.g.  to  go,  speak,  play,  quarrel  with ;  bud- 
mid  dan  nydl-ba  to  lie  with  a  woman ;  in 


some  cases  it  must  be  omitted  in  English, 
or  rendered  by  other  words,  as:  gron-hyir 
dan  nyi-ba^  rin-ba  near  the  town,  far  from 
the  town;  de  dan  ^drd-ba  equal  to  that. 
Some  particular  ways  of  using  dan  are 
the  following:    1.  for  and,  yser  dan   dnul 
dan  lcags-la-86g$-pa  gold,  and  silver,  and 
iron,   and  the  other  (metals).    The  shad 
is  here  always  put  after  dan,  which  shows 
that  in  the  mind  of  the  Tibetan  dan  never 
ceases  to  be  a  postposition;  it  can  there- 
fore  be   used  only  for  connecting  nouns 
and  pronouns.    In  enumerations  it  is  em- 
ployed in  different  ways,  and  #ften  quite 
arbitrarily,   e.g.   after  every  single  noun 
or  pronoun  except  the  last  one,   or  also 
after  the  last;  it  is  used  or  omitted  just 
as  the  metre  may  require  it;  or  when  a 
sum  is  mentioned,  in  the  following  manner: 
bytin-bablini:  sa(dan)  hi  {dan)  me  {dan) 
rluh  dan  bbi^  the  four  elements :  earth,  and 
water,  and  fire,  and  air,  four  they  are; 
or,  esp.  in  col.  language,   thus:  sa   dan 
ybi^,  hi  dan  ynyis  etc.  —  2.  distributively: 
zag  dan  zag^  lo  dan  lo^  day  by  day,  every 
year;  /lyim  dan  Kyim-na  Tar,  every  one 
in  his  house.  —  3.  after  a  personal  pronoun 
col.  almost  like  a  sign  of  the  plural:   na 
dan  ynyis-ha  we  two,  both  of  us.  na  dan 
fsdn-ma  all  of  us.  —  4.  after  the  inf.,  and 
in  W,  after  the  gerund  in  gin^  nyi-ma  hdr- 
ba  dan  at  sun -rise,  as  soon  as  the  sun 
rises,  when  the  sun  rose;  lo  brgya  Idn-pa 
dan  when  a  hundred  years  had  (or  shall 
have)  passed  away,  after  a  hundred  years; 
smrds-pa  dan  Hyim-du  son  with  saying  so, 
he  went  home,  is  gen.  translated :  he  said 
so  and  went  home,  and  so  frq.  in  narration; 
W. :  *h{ig  -  da  fan  dan*  with  a  whistling, 
*fdn-gin  lig  dan*  at  beholding.  —  5.  after 
an  imperative  for  and,  sgo  rduns  hig  dan 
de-dag  ^oii-iio  knock  at  the  door,  and  they 
will  come  Dzl, ;  yid-la  byos  h'g  dan  bldd- 
do  give  heed,  and  I  will  explain  it  to  you 
Stg,;  or  it  is  used  in  the  following  manner: 
Hgs-par  sems  sig  dan  ma  ndr-ram  consider 
it  well;  have  you  not  made  a  mistake  there? 
nyon  tig  dan  sndn-dus-na  listen  to  me! 


249 


KC:  daA  ,        ^ 

Now,  there  was  in  olden  times  etc.  DzL 
and  elsewh.,  frq. ;  hn  zig  dan  nd-la  dbdn 
yod  do  take  it!  I  have  the  power,  you 
know,  i.e.  I  shall  answer  for  \i  Dzlr^  in 
more  recent  times  it  is  used  (also  when 
not  followed  by  any  other  words)  as  an 
imperative  particle  =  big\  ^da  zo  dafi  byas- 
pas  saying  'eat!'  Glr,;  'da  Itos  dan  ysuns 
'now  just  see',  he  said  Mil;  even  after  iu, 
which  in  its  application  is  like  a  verb  in 
the  imperative;  'ysun-ba  hi  daii  s^es  zir- 
has  saying  'pray,  teach  (us)!'  Mil.  —  6.  In 
W.  dan  is  used  improperly  for  the  instrum. : 
*b^'ka  dan  dun*  strike  with  the  stick! 
and  for  by  or  through  with  respect  to 
persons:  *ydff'po  dan  hab-Ub  zei^  he  cheats 
me,  tells  me  a  lie,  through  his  servant 
rj^-  dan  1.  meadow  Lh.  —  2.  da/?,  or  perh. 
better  to/i,  (cf.  ^*w),  *tan  tdn-ce^  or 
tm  M'be,  tan  han  bd-he*^  to  read  in  a 
singing  or  drawling  manner  Ld.  —  3.  dan- 
du  len-pa,  c.  la,  to  Submit,  yield  to,  comply 
wHh,  Glr,  Tar.;  c.  accus.  submissively  to 
put  up  with  (Sch.  and  Wis.  are  hardly  right). 
RCJ^r  ^Cpr  ^^^'9^y  ddn-Ha,  1.  appetite, 
'  dan-ga  ^gag  my  appetite  is 
gone,  mi  bde  is  bad,  Med,  and  Mil.  (Sch. 
the  wlir?).  —  2.  a  for  ddni'/la. 
^'^  ddn-po  1.  the  first,  with  respect  to 
number,  time,  rank,  dan  -  pot  ytam 
de  sus  zer  Pth,  who  spoke  (raised)  the  first 
rumour?  who  was  it  that  first  got  up  the 
rumour?  ddn-poi  nyin-par  on  the  very  first 
day;  na-ts6d  ddn-po-la  ynds-pa  being  still 
in  the  prime  of  life  Wdn,;  the  former,  he 
that  is  mentioned  before  another,  ddn-po 
ynyis  the  two  first  named  Tkgy,;  the  former, 
the  earlier,  he  that  precedes  another  in  point 
of  time,  =  snd'Tna,  opp.  to  pyi-ma,  ^dg-ma^ 
the  latter.  —  2.  the  first  thing,  part  etc.,  nyin' 
mm  ddn-^'la  at  the  beginning  of  day,  at 
day-break  Tar. ;  dan-po-nyid-du  in  the  first 
place,  before  the  rest,  above  all,  before  every 
other  thing  Thgy.;  ddn-po-nas  from  the  very 
beginning  Thgy.,  Tar. ;  ddn-por,  and  very 
frq.  ddn-jx)  adv.,  firstly,  in  the  first  place; 
al  first,  in  the  beginning.  —  las-ddn-po-pa 
a  beginner,  las^ddn-po-pai  dus-su  as  long 


^^•q*  ddd^a 


as  he  is  only  a  beginner  Thgy.;  las-ddn- 
jxhpai  byis-pa  like  vriniog  (child)  in  the 
N.T.,  Afil. 

rr'fl'  ddn-ba  1.  to  be  pure,  ndm-ml^a  ddn- 
^  nas  Mil.;  gen.  adj.  pure,  clear, ^frros 
ddii  -  ba  picked  rice  Lt. ;  of  inclinations, 
dispositions,  feelings :  shns-ban  kun-la  rab 
ddn-ba  full  of  love  towards  all  creatures; 
dge-sems  ddn-ba  a  pure,  sincere  disposition 
to  virtue  S.O.;  raost  frq.  devout,  pious;  de- 
votion, faith;  ddn-bai  sems  id.  (in  W.  often 
confounded  with  yden-ba).  —  2.  lag  ddii- 
ba  =  ddr-ba,  v.  darba  II.  2. 

^C^'^  ddn-tse  W.  a  field-terrace. 

rr'^r  ddn-ra  (spelling  dubious)  stable,  for 
^         cattle,  a,  W. 

KJZJO^  rfaw-Za  1.  Sch.  *a  tract  Of  land  abound- 
^  ing  in  springs'.  —  2.  n.  of  a  high  moun- 
tain pass,  north  of  Lhasa,  called  TanUa  by 
Hue  II.,  231. 

rj^^q-  dwdns-pa,  C.  also  *dhdn-po*,  pure, 
^  clean,  clear,  =  daH  -  ba  I.,  of  air, 

water;  ynam-dwdns  a  clear  sky,  fine  weather 
(W.*fan*y^  dans- smug  reddish  gray  Sch. 

—  dicans-ma  1.  the  chyle,  Ssk.  xm,  con- 
cerning which  Brahmanical  and  Buddhist 
physiology  has  led  to  a  great  many  phan- 
tastical  ideas,  Med.  frq.;  also  fig.,  mostly 
in  an  obscure  and  unintelligible   manner. 

—  2.  Sch.:  Ihe  spirit,  the  soul',  a  signifi- 
cation not  found  hitherto  in  any  book,  but 
ace.  to  a  Lama's  statement  the  word  de- 
notes the  soul,  when  purified  from  every 
sin,  and  to  be  compared  to  a  clear  and 
limpid  fluid,  in  which  every  heterogeneous 
matter  has  been  precipitated.  —  dans  is 
also  not  seldom  met  with  erron.  used  for 
dnans  and  mdans. 

cr^n'  dad- pa  1.  secondary  form  oiJl4d- 
^  ^  |>a  to  wish  Dzl.  and  elsewh  ;  hence 
in  compounds:  skom-ddd  thirst,  *tdgs-dad- 
dan*  fond  of  dress  or  finery  (cf.  ^dogs-pa) 
W.,  and  in  similar  expressions.  —  2.  to 
believe  (cf.  ^j^)  in  a  religious  sense,  more 
significant  than  yidr-ces-pas  and  including  a 
devotedness  full  of  confidence,  like  Ttiazeieiv 
in  the  N.T.;  also  sbst.  faith,  more  fully  ddd- 


^(3r^'  ddu'da 

pat  sems^  and  adj.  faithful,  believing,  ydn- 
hdag  ddd-pa  the  faithful  giver  of  alms  Mil, ; 
raore  fully  ddd('pa)'dany  dad-lddn;  ma^ 
ddd'pa^  and  dadr-vied  unbelieving;  often  with 
V108  or  gu8 :  kan  dad-dad-^ws-mda-su  ^dug- 
pa-la  Mil,;  dad^cin^gtui'^ar ^gyur-ba  Olr,; 
dad-par  ^gyur-ba^  ddd-pa  byed-pa  to  become 
faithful  or  believing,  to  believe,  frq.;  dddrbzin- 
du  full  of  faith ;  dad-brtsdn  for  ddd-pa  dan 
brtson-^^ginis  Tar,  —  Note,  *w^^  kig-la  ddd- 
pa  fob*  W.  col.  a  man  becomes  a  believer, 
V.  fdb^a;  but  Tar,  35, 1  pdgs-pa  Dki-ti-ka- 
la  ddd-pa  fob  means:  he  was  brought  to 
believe  by  hearing  the  Reverend  Dhitika. 
--•-•  ddn-da^  and  dan-rog^  medicinal 
^ '^    herbs  Med. 

--.-•gi,  ddn-da-lij  or  dan-ddl,  Ld.  a  sieve, 
'  '  gen.  consisting  of  perforated  leather 
and  a  wooden  frame;  rds-dan-dal  a  sieve 
made  of  cloth  (inst.  of  leather). 
--.^  ddn-mo  (spelling?)  the  female  of  the 
^  ibex,  and  of  the  musk-deer. 
j^^-  dam  (a  root  signifying  bound,  fast, 
'  fixed,  from  which  the  following  cx)m- 
pounds,  as  well  as  sdxhn-pa^  are  to  be  de- 
rived), sbst.,  also  darn-fsig  and  yi(d)-damy 
resp.  fugs-dam^  a  solemn  promise;  vow,  oath, 
confirmation  by  oath,  like  bden-fsig:  dam 
b^d'ba  1.  to  promise,  2.  the  act  of  promising, 
the  promise;  also  ddm-bca  Mil,  and  col.; 
ddm-bca  JmUba  resp.  to  make  a  promise, 
e.  g.  mi  Jbdb  -  pai  not  to  descend  Mil. ;  to 
promise  solemnly  Mil, ;  hence  yi-dam^  and 
(more  popularly)  ddm-bda  the  sacrament 
(lir,  Prot;  dam  bcds-pa  a  promise  made; 
dam  srun-ba^  ddm-la  ynds-pa^  or  ny^-bar 
byid-pa^  ddvi-bcas-pa  spydd-pa^  ddm-bban- 
pa  bhin-du  byed-pa^  ddm-bbas-pa  dan  mi 
^gdl-ba^  to  keep  one's  promise;  nydtm-pa 
to  break  (a  promise,  a  vow) ;  dam-nydms- 
kyi  Ids -mams  violations  of  duty;  ddm-la 
^dogs-pa  to  exorcise  demons  etc.  Glr,,  Pth,, 
but  only  by  gentle  persuasion,  which  in- 
duces them  to  promise  to  do  no  harm  any- 
more, not  by  magic  power  (so  it  was  ex- 
pressly stated  by  a  Lama);  ddm-la  ^jog- 
pa  Tar,  125  id.  (ni  f.);  ddm-can,  dam-fsig- 
iwn  Mil,  bound  by  an  oath  etc.;  ddm-cu 


^^■'^u  J  - 


V     ..'     /t.    I  C.    ii 


1vsj^-.4      .  w^  J  f     V- 


'  ^^-  dax 

prob.  water  wnich  is  drunk  in  taking  an 
oath  Ptii,  L  f-/.  f  -^.^  •  ./^  \'a.'^^ 9^1.0^  , 
^WPT  ^'^^^^^*  Glr,,  ddm-ga  W&,,  fdm-ga 
^  '  Cs,,  a  seal,  stamp,  resp.  pyag-ddm, 
esp.  for  the  seals  of  Lamas;  dma-Ha  rgydb- 
pa  to  seal,  to  stamp;  Uyi-dam  V.  %i;  dam- 
rgyd^ddvi-Ua  Tar,;  *dam-cu^  W,  seal 
of  a  Lama,  used  as  an  amulet. 
^T^ZT  <idm-pa^  ace  to  the  explanation  of 
a  Lama:  bound  by  an  oath  or  vow, 
consecrated;  but  Ijexa^,  render  it  by  ir^, 
^nr  i  e.  =  mcog,  thus  Dzl  ^V,  4;  2(?^  9, 
and  Vs.:  noble,  brave,  excellent,  which  is 
prob.  also  the  sense  of  the  word  when 
compounded  with  cos^  skyis-bu,  and  other 
words.  lis  usual  rendering,  however,  is 
2.  holy,  sacred,  bld-m^  dam -pa,  sky^-bu 
ddm-pa,  a  holy  Lama,  a  holy  man,  and 
most  frq.  ddmrpai  cos,  ddm-pa  cos,  dam- 
cos^  the  holy  doctrine,  the  holy  religion  of 
Buddha.  Yet,  in  the  interpretation  of  pas- 
sages the  original  meaning  (noble,  excellent) 
ought  to  be  resorted  to  much  oftener.  So 
also  yyog-THO  ddm-pa  big  Glr,  signifies  an 
excellent,  a  favourite  female  slave,  but  not 
exactly  a  holy  or  a  faithful  one. 
^^Sf  ddm-po  1.  strong,  firm;  tight,  narrow, 
^  of  fetters  etc. ;  gen.  adverbially  dam- 

du,  e.g.  to  bind,  to  lock  up,  to  seize  firmly, 
securely.  —  2.  of  laws,  commandments, 
severe,  strict,  exact 

^3^'^^'  dam-dum  various  Sch,'  yet  cf.  dum, 

M-  dar  1.  1.  silk,  rfcrV-i^^'  of  silk,  Silken; 
'  mjal-ddr  resp.  for  Ua-btdgs  (7.;  rgyat 
nail  dar  fine  Chinese  silks  Thgy, ' —  ddr- 
dkdr  white  silk  Olr,  —  dar-skud  silk*thread; ' 
gos-vM  dar-skud  ^dra  stark  naked  Ma,  — 
dar-gds  silk  dress,  Cs.  also  silk-stuff.  — 
dar-cun  a  bunch  or  fringe  of  silk  Cs,  — 
dar-cen  Ld  -Glr,,  ace.  to  Schi-  =  ka-btdgsy 
yet  cf.  the  significations  given  sub  L  2.  — 
dar-Jdg-mUan  a  silk-weaver;  dar-Jag-ba- 
mo  Glr.  the  daughter  of  a  silk-weaver.  — 
dar-p6n  =  dar-cun.  —  ddr-bu  a  coarse  kind 
of  silk  Cs.  —  dar -bubs  a  whole  piece  of 
silk-stuff  rolled  together.  —  *dhar-ma-rs* 
C.  ^neither  silk  nor  cotton',  half  silk  half 


cotton;  ace.  to  others  velvet.  —  dar-drndn" 
pa  raw  silk  Schr,  —  dar-fsoh-pa  a  dealer 
in  silks,  a  silk-mercer.  —  dar-zdb  the  finest 
silk,  frq.;  a  piece  of  such  silk.  —  dar-ydb 
a  silk  fan.  —  dar-yug  a  narrow  ribbon- 
like piece  of  silk-stuflf  GZr,  Mil,  —  dar- 
Un  =  ^dhar-ma-r^*,  —  dar-hdm  the  lower 
border  of  a  silk  dress  Glr,  —  dur-^gyi) 
Brm^-bu)  silk-worm.  —  2.  a  clotb,  made  of 
whatever  material;  flag  WJs.,  sail  (v.  yydr- 
fwo);  ^pyar-ddr  a  hoisted  flag;  mdun^dar 
a  little  flag  fixed  to  a  lance;  *ru^hdr*  C, 
Qiilitary  banner.  —  dar-Uog  little  flags  fixed 
on  houses,  piles  of  stones,  and  the  like  (v. 
Schl  Buddh,  198).  —  dar-po-ci  1.  a  large 
flag  fastened  to  a  flag-staff;  2.  flag-staff,  masL 
—  dar-fsd  a  military  division,  squadron 
Sch.  —  dar-si/i^  dar^bSr^  prob.  flag-staff. 

II.  ice,  icy  plain ;  dar  cdgs  ice  is  form- 
ing ;  also  substantively  =  dar^  mfsd-la  dar- 
Ugs  btab  Mil,  —  dar-zdni  ice-bridge.  — 
^dar^dr^  (^clinging  to  the  ice'?)  W.  a  dark- 
gray  aquatic  bird. 

III.  V.  dar-yciffy  ddr-ba,  ddr^ma. 

^^ft^^SJt*  dar-rffyas-glin  V.  rdo-rje-glin, 

^^  ddr-sga  walnut. 

gj^-qi^jm'  dar-ycig  (col.  also  dial-ybig^  a 
^  '  '  little  while,  a  moment;  dar-ybig 
Un-pa-Tia  after  a  little  while  G/r.;  adver- 
bially: for  a  little  while,  for  a  moment  Mil; 
directly,  instantly,  in  a  moment  M7.;  ddr- 
tsam  Sch,  id. 

r;^^;^'  d<ir-drr  humming,  buzzing  Mil. ;  wail- 

^      ing,  lamenting  Pth 
ery'  dar-rdd  grinding-stone  for  Indian  ink 
^      »   Sch,;  bddr-rdo  would  perhaps  be 
more  correct,  /v  r.  ^  r 

^jrSf    ^^^  ddr-poy  ddr-mOy  col.  for  d4l' 

'  po,  ddl-mOy  V.  ddl-ba, 

ex^n'ddr-ba  I.  sbst.,  also  dd-ra,  dar^ 
buttermilk,  dar-ysdr  fresh  buttermilk. 
U.  vb.  1.  to  be  diffused,  to  spread,  of 
influence,  power,  opinions,  diseases,  ces  ddr- 
ba  to  gain  much  ground,  to  increase  ex- 
ceedingly Lt;  ddr  -  du  ^jug  -  pa  (act.)  to 
extend,  enlarge,  e.g.  academies  Glr, ;  dar- 


^ 


251 


z^orq  ddUa 


g&d  spreading  and  decaying,  increase  and 
decrease;  ^dhdr-po*  C,  grand,  magnificent, 
of  a  feast,  drinking-bout.  —  2.  with  lag^ 
to  take  in  hand,  to  put  hand  to  a  work,  c 
la  DzL;  also  dd/t-ba, 

izx:^  ddr-ma  I  the  age  of  manhood,  manly 
age,  prime  of  life,  gen.  reckoned  from 
30  to  50,  but  ace.  to  %.from  16—70;  ddr- 
la  bdb'pa^  or  dar-bdb^  a  person  in  the 
prime  of  life,  frq.;  dar-gdn  col  id.;  dar- 
ydl  a  person  beyond  that  age.  —  2.  a  man, 
and  ddr-vio  a  woman  in  the  prime  of  life. 

^^^  ddr-mo  v.  ddr-po^  ddr-ma, 
^^'^<3r  dar-smdn  v.  dar-fsvr, 
^^'^^'  ddr-tsam  v.  dar-ylig, 

'^^'^' dar-fsil  Sch,  'groin' (?). 

rxv^N^X'  dar-(rn)fsur  Wdn,  =  dar-svian^ 

^    ^  '^\:>     alum  Sch. 

rx'XW'^(5'  dur-ya-kan  a  medicinal  herb 

^  "  Med. 

KOYW^^  d^il-ydms  Mil.y  rims-ddl  Mil., 

^  epidemic  disease,  plague,  or  perh. 

n.  of  a  particular  disease. 

^^'S^'  ddl'dig^  col.  for  dur-ydig, 

WS^'Og*^^'  rfa/-%  Jug -pa  to  attack 
^  '  N9  '  and  disperse  an  enemy  Sch, 
roj-q'  ddi'ba,  dul-bu,  slowness,  ease,  quiet- 
ness, leisure  (opp.  to  haste,  hurry, 
vehemence),  *dhdl-ica  (or  dhdl-bu)  yn- 
dham*  6'.,  have  you  time?  ddl-ba  h'g-gi 
skdbs'Su  when  he  happened  to  have  nothing 
to  do  DzL;  ddl-bar  ^dug-pa  to  be  disen- 
gaged, unemployed;  ddl-ba  brgyad  the  eight 
conditions  of  rest,  the  state  of  being  free 
from  the  eight  mi-lcdm-pa ;  to  these  belong 
the  Jbyor-pa  btu^  i.e.  ten  goods  or  blessings 
which,  in  part,  are  but  more  particular  de- 
finitions of  the  eight  rests,  yet  include  also 
other  blessings;  hence  both  together  are 
called  dal  -  J)ydr  bbo  -  h*gydd  (another  in- 
stance of  this  peculiar  way  of  reckoning  v. 
sub  nyin  -  mfsdn) .  As  these  various  con- 
ditions are  partly  characteristics  of  'hu- 
manity',   and   attainable   only  by  human 


On    C>      O 


i- 


^0}'^  ddl-mo 


jc 


^^^'  dugs 


beings,  they  might  be  denominated  ^he 
(eighteen)  specific  blessings  of  humanity'. 
Often  they  are  also  used  directly  for  'con- 
dition of  hunlanity,  or  of  human  nature', 
this  kind  of  existence  being,  from  a  reli- 
gious point  of  view,  the  best  and  most  de- 
sirable, myed'dkdi  ddl-ba  mi  bis,  and 
similar  expressions  frq.  occur  (Cs.  has  calm- 
ness, tranquillity  of  mind,  evidently  mistak- 
ing it  for  mal'Jbyor),  ddl-ba,  ddl-bu,  ddl- 
pOy  ddl'VW,  W,  also  *ddldan*,  quiet,  calm, 
of  the  mind,  the  water;  gentle,  of  the  wind; 
slow,  lazy;  ^se-gyu  dhdl^ca^  or  hi-pa  dhdl- 
wa*  C.  phlegmatic  disposition.  —  Adv.  ddl- 
bar  (v.  above),  ddl-gyisy  ddl-bus^  slOWly, 
softly,  gradually,  e.g.  to  draw,  opp  to  drag- 
tu;  ddl'^groi  rgyun  bzin  like  a  stream  flow- 
ing gently  and  softly;  mir-ddl-bar  DzL  in- 
cessantly. 

^^•?f  ddl-Tno  chine,  loin. 

j-Qj-g^'  dal'btsdn  (spelling  dubious),  *dal' 
'  tsd/i  tdn-ce*  W.  to  carry  on  com- 

pulsory trade.  This  is  frequently  done  by 
Eastern  rulers,  who  in  time  of' personal 
need  make  a  sale  of  goods,  compelling 
people  to  buy  at  fixed  prices. 

^    di^  num.  fig.:  41. 

^mr'^"  dir-gar-H  is  said  to  be  a  provin- 

'    '         cialism,  and  secondary  form  of 

yzi'Jca-rtse,  n.  of  a  town  near  Tashilunpo. 

^xjx*  di-mar  Sch.:  'a  certain  worm  or 

'  insect'. 

r"^*^'  di-ri-iH  buzz,  murmur,  hum,  low  con- 
'  fused  noise,   as   of  crowds,   of  a 

number  of  praying  people,  of  wailing  pri- 
soners, of  birds  on  the  wing  Glr, 

^STj'  dig^  the  Pei-sian  ^^j,  a  large  kettle, 
washing-copper,  brewer's  copper. 
yzy  dig-pa  1.  6  s.  a  stammerer,  also  lea- 
dig,  cf.  ^dig  -pa.  —  2.  C  reeling, 
staggering,  intoxicated. 
^.^.  din-diii^  gddrmo  din-din  Tar,  158,  4 
^  ^  prob.  an  onomatopoetic  word,  Schf, 
laughing  aloud'. 

sC'^m*  din-sdn  =  den-san. 


^. 


ir  du  \.  num.  fig.:  71.  —  2.  for  tu  (q.v.) 
>c)  after  final  w,  d,  w,  w,  r,  L  —  3.  how 
many?  bsUbs-nas  zld-ba  du  Ian  how  many 
months  is  it  ago  that  he  came?  —  du-du 
how  much,  how  many  each  time?  du-hig 
how  much  about?  du-nna  many,  hig  dur^ma 
many  days;  du-mar  pye  it  is  divided  into 
several  (parts)  Wdnr^  Ian  du-mar  many  a 
time,  often  C«.;  *du-ma  rdk^a*  C.  col.  a 
great  many,  very  much  (perh.  'devilishly 
much',  from  rdk^a8).\vi  r  f-w^.  /t ,.  /£-.  J,-c\.  - 

5'^'  du'ba  (cf.  dud^pa)  smoke,  ^ful^  or 
gyhi-du  ^pgur  smoke  rises  Zam.\ 
du-ba-pa  Sp.  very  poor  people  that  pay 
but  a  trifling  tax,  proletarians  (prop,  ^smoke- 
people'  that  have  nothing  but  the  smoke 
of  their  fire).  —  dur^a-mjug-rin  a  COmeL 
—  durzdg  C,  the  smoke  or  vapour  hanging 
over  towns  and  large  villages  in  the  morn- 
ing,  x^^"^^    "'^l    ^       (r|.vv>.v.^. 

rz^  dug  poison,  dug  blud-pa  to  administer 
>i  '  a  poisoned  potion  to  a  person,  to  give 
him  poison  to  drink;  dug  -  mi  -  yndd  -  par 
^gyur  he  becomes  proof  against  poison  IXww.; 
^-la  dug  ^debs-pa  to  poison  the  water 
Pth,;  dug  ysum  in  a  moral  sense,  ^dod- 
}Sdgs^  ytd-mug^  he-sddn ;  sometimes  dug  bid, 
five  moral  poisons,  are  mentioned. 

Comp.  dug-dan  poisonous.  —  dug-ynyin 
an  antidote  Cs.  —  dtig  -  mdd  a  poisoned 
arrow.  —  dtig-sbrul  venomous  serpent.  — 
dv^-rrUd  not  poisonous.  —  dug-^og  poisonous 
paper  Mil.,  Pth,y  Glr,  —  dug-sM  that  which 
neutralizes  a  poison  Cs,  —  du^sHin  a  pre- 
servative against  poison  Cs. 
Kff[^  dug-ti  (or  dttg-zte?)  Ts.,  so,  thus, 
>J»  '^  in  this  manner,  also  n^-ti, 
rm'if  dicg-po^  esp.  U  (=  *cu-pa*  Ts,, 
>J,  '  *gon-c§*  W.  coat,  garment,  dress  Md. 
rmr  dugs,  esp.  in  medical  writings;  it 
n1  '  seems  to  denote  1.  heat:  Tar.  31, 21 
fsdd-pai  dugs-kyis  by  the  glowing  heat  of 
the  day  Schf,;  S.g,:  hii  dri  dugs  rldns-pa 
%  the  water  (i.e.  urine)  has  a  strong 
smell  and  emits  much  heat(?)  and  vapour; 
Lt  99, 4.  5;  9^,  4;  c^vS,  5;  >S«^,  4;  9^^^),  10. 
hii  rigs  sin-tu  d'Ugs-pa  Mng,  adj.?  —  2. 
revenge,  grudge,  rancour,  *dug  kdr^be,  dugs- 


Idn  Iddn-c^  to  take  vengeance,  to  revenge 
(me's  self. 

rzrorq'  ^g^-^  W^.  l.  to  make  warm,  to 
4  '  warm,   mS-la  at  the  fire,  e.g. 

oDe's  hands,  a  plate.  —  2.  to  light,  to  kindle, 
*me  dug  -  be*  to  light  a  fire;  ^kdn-pa  mes 
dvg  son*  the  house  has  begun  to  burn, 
has  caught  fire;  ^zd-be  dug  tsdr-Uan*  burnt 
food,  a  burnt  meal;  *dug-di*  a  burnt  smell. 
r^'  dun  1.  a  tortoise  shell,  dun-rdd  a  pe- 
4  trifled  tortoise  shell  Cs.  —  2.  a  shell, 
both  small  shells,  worn  as  an  ornament 
{dcye-dun-prin  necklace  of  shells),  and 
more  particularly  the  great  trumpet  -  shell, 
which  is  sounded  on  certain  occasions;  it 
is  usually  of  a  pure  white,  hence  dun- 
dkdr  1.  trumpet-shell,  2.  white  rose  C ,  dun- 
80  snow-white  teeth  Pth  ,  dun-ru  snow- 
white  horns  MU,;  a  trumpet-shell  wound 
to  the  right  (jyds-su  JHyil-ba)  is  regarded 
as  valuable  as  it  is  rare  Glr,  —  3.  trum- 
pet, ^tuba,  dun  Jbud-^a  to  sound,  to  blow 
a  trumpet;  Urims-dun  judgment- trumpet, 
trumpet  used  in  courts  of  justice,  cos -dun 
church-trumpet,  trumpet  used  in  religious 
ceremonies,  dmag-dun  war-trumpet,  lins- 
dun  hunting-bugle;  rkan-duh  a  trumpet  or 
comet  made  of  a  hollow  thigh-bone;  zans^ 
dun  a  copper  trumpet,  a  bass  tuba  eight 
feet  long;  dban-dun  a  similar  instrument, 
but  of  less  dimensions;  rwa  -  dun  a  trum- 
pet of  horn,  rag-dun  a  brass  trumpet.  — 
4.  Skull  (?)  Sch,  has:  dun-^en  1.  skull,  2. 
=  rkan-dun;  in  Glr,  Brahma  is  called 
dun-gi  for^fsogs-ban. 

r^'?'  duh-ne  constant,  continual  Dom,;  dun- 
\s        ne-ba  Thgr.  id. 

SC^'^C  dun-dun  staggering,  reeling,  tottering, 
>  ^    wavering  ScL 

^C^<3r  dun-pdUy  C.  ^dhuh-pen*^  basin. 

^CTQg^'  dun-Jyd^  Pth.,  100  million  Sch. 

rj^^q-  duns-pa^  secondary  form  of  ^'dtiws- 
Nd  pa,  love,  ddd-pa  dan  duns-pa  hig 

skyh-te  Mil,^  frq.;  yid-duns  =  snyin-brtse- 
ba,  frq.;  *dhun-bhu*  C.  love,  *fu-gu-la 
dhiih'bu  )M'pa*  cf.  yb4s-pa. 


253 


^^*  dur 

N9 


rrw  dud-pa  I.  sbst.  (cf.  du-ba^  and  the 
4*  Pers.  o^o)  smoke,  W. :  *Kdh-mig  dud- 
pa  ma  mid -Han  du^  there  comes  very 
little  smoke  into  the  room.  —  dud-Ua  Sch, 

1.  having  the  colour  of  smoke,  dark-gray. 

2.  family,  household.  3.  chimney  (?)— ^^^- 
Mu  Sch.  'liquid  soot';  prob.  soot  mixed 
with  water,  smut;  Lt  compares  morbid 
evacuations  or  matter  ejected  from  the  sto- 
mach with  dvd'Uu.  —  dud-bdl  soot  Sch., 
prob.  flocky  SOOi  —  dud-bun  a  cloud  of 
smoke  6i.  —  dtid-rtsi  soot,  smut  Cs.  — 
dud-lam  chimney. 

II.  vb.  1.  to  tie,  to  knit,  to  knot,  v. 
mdud-pa.  —  2.  pf.  of  ^dud-pa^  stooping, 
bent,  hence  dud-^ro  quadruped,  beast,  ani- 
mal, opp.  to  man  that  walks  erect  Stg. 
KS^zy  dun-pa  great  diligence,  assiduity,  dun- 
>1^  pa  drdg-po;  ^dun-ban*  very  diligent 
W.  (cf.  ^dun-pa^  and  rtun). 
rn'O'  dub-pa,  vb.  to  be  or  get  tired;  adj. 
4  tired;  sbst.  fatigue;  mi  dub-bo  they 
do  not  get  tired  DzL ;  /'idl  -  Hn  dub  -  nas 
Glr.;  lus  dun  nag  yid  dub  Pth.  he  is  tired 
in  body,  mouth,  and  soul,  i.e.  he  has  no 
strength  for  doing,  saying,  or  thinking  any- 
thing good.  —  dub-ban  tiresome  Cs.  —  dub- 
rgyu  anxious,  sorrowful  Sch. 
rnxj'  duhs,  Stg.  frq. :  nyi-^n  dubs  nye-bar 
>1  ace.  to  |the  context  it  might  mean : 
very  probably;  but  the  word  seems  to  be 
little  known. 

^xv  dum  a  piece,  frq.;  as  a  measure  or  cer- 
>!  tain  quantity  of  meat,  v.  yzugs;  dumr-po 
a  large  piece  Cs. ;  dum-bu  a  small  piece,  frq. ; 
dum-bur  ybog-pa,  ybdd-pa,  byid-pa  to  break, 
to  cut  to  pieces.  —  dam- diem  several  small 
pieces  or  things  6*8.;  perh.  =  dum-dum  Ld., 
e.g.  yul  dumr^iim^  or  gron  dum  dum  several 
scattered  farms,  hamlets  or  villages,  which 
have  together  one  common  name. 

5:^-  dur  tomb,  grave,  dur-du  oJ^g-pa-, 
>  ^dzud-pa  (Cs.  ^dibs-pa)  *(s)kun-be*  W.^ 
to  bury;  dur  rkd-ba  to  dig  a  grave.  — 
dur^kun  grave-robber,  plunderer  of  tombs. 
—  dur-liun  grave,  tomb.  —  dur-Krod  ace. 
to  etymology  denotes  a  cemetery,  burial- 


254 


^^'^  dur^ba 


ground,  but  in  Tibet  it  signifies  a  place 
to  which  corpses  are  brought,  to  be  cut 
into  pieces  for  hungry  dogs  and  vultures, 
this  being  considered  a  very  honourable 
mode  of  burying  (or  rather  disposing  of) 
dead  bodies,  Kopp,  II ,  322.  These  places 
of  course  are  haunted  by  demons  and  foul 
spirits;  dur-Urod-pa  an  ascetic  living  at 
such  a  place,  Bv/m  I,  309.  —  dur-rffyas 
the  last  food  which  a  dying  man  eats.  — 
dur-sgamy  dur-sgrom  coffin.  —  dur^rdo 
tomb-stone  C's.  —  dur-spyah  jackal.  —  dur- 
pun  barrow,  tumulus,  mound,  cairn.  —  dur- 
byan  epitaph  Cs.  —  dur  -  fsun^  dur  -  fsod^ 
food  offered  to  the  dead  Cs.  —  dur-mfsH 
a  place  for  burning  dead  bodies  Sch,  — 
dur-%ri  a  grave-devil,  a  sort  of  sepulchral 
vampire. 

M'jjr  dur -ha  1.  sbst.  weed,  weeds,  Hch, 
N9  —  2.  vb.  to  run  Mil,^  dur-te  rgyug- 

pa  to  run  towards  a  place  or  object,   to 
hasten  to,  zds-la  dvr-ba  to  hasten  to  dinner, 
Ids-la  to  work  C.\  cf.  iidm-dur-ban, 
M -S^r-  dur  -  bm   W, ,   the  Persian  q-Oj^o 
^  spy-glass. 

^^'5'  ^^^-%«  a  paring-axe;  a  hoe  Sch, 

M'Sr'  dur-byid  a  purgative  root,  prob.  = 
ND  ^  fdr-nu  S,g,,  ace.  to  Wdrh  =  tri- 
byi-ta  (sic),  prop.  f^mfT)  Ipomoea  Tur- 
pethum. 

raj-fl'  dul-ba^  prop.  pf.  of  ^diil-ba^  soft, 
N9  of  the  skin  etc.;  tame;  gentle  (tem- 
per), easy  (disposition),  mild;  also  sbst. 
softness  etc.;  dul-po,  W.  *dul-md*  id.,  but 
only  adj.;  via  dul-ba  untamed,  rude,  DzL'y 
*srab-Ua  (or  Ud-po)  dtd-md*  W,  soft-  or 
tender-mouthed;  tame,  manageable,  tractable. 
Tar,  11,  14  a  better  reading  prob.  would 
be:  dban-po  ^dul-bai  bryid  a  splendour 
that  dazzles  the  senses. 
ff Qi'3;t'  duUrna  a  kind  of  Water-COlour  made 
N3  of  pulverized  gold  and  silver,  for 

painting  and  writing. 
C^I*  ^'^  ^«  time,  in  general,  dus-kyi  /cor- 
>o      fo  V.  Hdr-lo;    dm-kyi  means   also: 
happening  sometimes  Mil. ;  dus  adv.,  for  a 
while,  for  some  time  Lt;  dei  du8-9u,  dus 


'  W  du8 

de  i»a-naj  de-duSy  dus  der^  at  the  time,  at 
this  time;  du^  de-nyid-du  then  immediately, 
directly  afterwards;  ddn-poi  dus  nyidrdu 
in  the  very  first  time ;  dussu^  or  dus-dut- 
8Uy  dus  ^ga-rSj  sometimes,  now  and  Ui«i; 
de  dan  dus  mnydm-du  simultaneously  wiih 
that  Glr, ;  dus  ybig  -tu  or  la  at  one  and 
the  same  time,  together;  dus-big-na  (erroit 
ybig)^  also  dus  re  (or  nam)-idg-gi  fse,  dm- 
re(-^tg)^  once,  one  day,  some  day;  dus 
Ian-tig  id.  Glr,;  dus  pyi  hig-na  some  fu- 
ture day;  dus  y^an  hig-na  another  time; 
dv>s  H  tsam-na  at  what  time?  when?  Glr,\ 
dus{-na)  after  a  genit,  inf.,  or  verbal  root 
=  when,  after,  hag  ynyis  son  dus  when 
two  days  had,  or  will  have  passed  Mil.] 
na  bii-moi  diis-na  yin-te  when  I  was  still 
a  girl  Glr, ;  mgu  -  dus  med  the  time  of 
being  satisfied  never  arrives  Mil.;  bisd- 
dtis-te  as  the  time  of  giving  birth  has  come 
Lt;  frq.  with  Jbdb-pa:  bdag  ^dul-bai  d^is- 
la  bob  the  time  of  my  conversion  has  come; 
sometimes  dus- la  sleb  Lt;  col.:  dus  sl^ 
the  time  is  come;  ^gro-bai  dus  jiAbs-pa 
Dzl.y  byid-pa  frq.,  to  fix  a  time  for  going, 
also  thus:  nam  ^6-bai  dus  byed-pa  DzL\ 
dus  kicn-tu,  dus  rgyun-du  always;  almost 
pleon.  in:  dus  dd-nas  henceforth,  from 
thi^  time  forward  Mil.;  de  dan  dus  ^d>zom 
as  to  time  it  coincides  with  that  Glr.  — 
2.  the  right  time,  proper  season;  for  is  ex- 
pressed by  the  genit.  of  the  inf.  (c£  above: 
the  time  of  my  conversion);  dks-su  at 
the  right  or  proper  time,  e.g.  for  paying 
off  Glr.\  dujs  ma  yin-pa  the  wrong  time; 
dus  ma  yin-par,  dus-7nin  unseasonably, 
not  in  due  time;  esp.  too  soon,  prema- 
turely, e.g.  to  die;  dus-ma-yin-pa  spdn-ba 
to  abstain  from  doing  unseasonable  things. 
—  3  dus  ysum  the  three  times,  viz.  dd- 
Itai^  or  dd-ltar-gyi^  jdds-paiy  and  ma-^&ns- 
pa%  frq.,  thus  in  dus  jrsum-gyi  sans-rgyds 
the  Buddhas  of  the  three  times;  often  also 
with  special  reference  to  metempsychosis, 
the  present,  the  former,  and  the  future  period 
of  life;  with  respect  to  the  times  of  the 
day:  morning,  noon,  evening;  besides  nyfn- 
dtis  ysum,  also  mfsdn-dus  ysum  occurs.  — 


4.  season.  Here  Tibetans,  of  coarse,  distin- 
guish  the  foar  seasons  of  the  temperate 
zone,  dpyid  spring,  dbyar  summer,  ston 
aatumn,  dgun  winter;  but  in  books,  ori- 
ginally written  in  India,  either  three  are 
counted,  fsd  -  dus  hot  season,  ffrdh  -  du» 
cold  season,  Mr-dvs  rainy  season,  or  more 
accurately  six:  djyid  (if^Hf)  spring,  i.e. 
March  and  April,  sos-ka  (ift'BIT)  hot  season, 
May,  June,  dbyar  (y(i(^  rainy  season,  July, 
August,  ston  (jl^TyO  damp  season,  Sep- 
tember, October,  dgun-stod  (^iPfT)  ^^^ 
part  of  winter,  November,  December,  dgun- 

*^^  (ftrftrc)  ^^^^  P^"^  ^^  winter,  Ja- 
nuary, February.  —  5.  conjunctures,  times, 
drcumstances,  •dt«  di-mo*  W,,  ^dhu-de 
(sa-Jdm)*  C,  dus-kyi  JiHig-'pa  mid-pa 
Ld.-Glr,^  dus  bzdn-po  Dom.^  peace.  —  6. 
a  particular  period  of  time,  as  distinguished 
from  others,  an  age,  ^  (^tAtt  'iraT), 
yar-Wdn,  or  rdzogs-lddn  (^^[^  or  ^J^)  yar- 
rdbs^  or  ymm-JMn  (%7f)  rtsod-lddn^  or 
rnyis  -  Iddn  (fljFTC)  «^y«>  "  ^'*«  ('ifw),  to 
be  compared  to  the  four  ages  of  Greek 
mythology.  —  7.  year  Lt  —  8.  symb. 
num.:  6.  —  Note.  dv>s  byed-pa  also  sig- 
nifies (cf.  1  above)  to  fulfil  the  time,  tsei 
dm  byid-pa  to  die,  to  perish,  also  to  com- 
mit suicide  DzL  frq.;  ^(H-bai  dus  byed-pa 
id.  Wdn,  —  dvA  dzirirpa  to  take  the  day- 
service  upon  one's  self  (?)  DzL  :?sS?,  3. 

Comp.  duS'Skabs  v.  skabs.  —  dtis-chi, 
-izdriy  -ston^  festival,  byid-pa  to  keep  one. 
—  dus-m^dd  v.  m^od-pa,  —  dus-sbyor  Cs,: 
'judicial  astrology',  dus-sbyor -pa  an  astro- 
loger. —  dus-me  COmet  Cs,  —  dus-rtsi-ba  Cs, 
*the  countiaff  a^  time'.  —  dus-fsig  ScL: 
^dus  -  fettjr  ysdr  -  ba  new,  fresh  provisions, 
^duce  of  the  year'  (?).  —  dus-fsigs,  dus- 
mtsams  i.  period,  epoch;  ?.  season  Cs.  — 
dus-tsdd  1.  space  or  measure  of  time,  2. 
often  for  duSy  dei  dus-fsdd-kyi  mi-mams 
the  men  of  that  time  or  period,  dd  dus- 
fsod-la  at  that  time;  also  for  hour.  — 
dus-zin  Sch,:  'time  of  depravity'.  —  dus- 
hzin  V.  above  dus-chi.  —  dus-rldbs  'wave 
of  time'  i.e.  ebb  and  flood,  the  tides,  %. 


255 

—  dus  -log  2k  year  yielding  no  crops ,  a 
sterile,  bad  year  Pth, 

r'  de  1.  num.  figure:  101.  —  2.  affix  of 
^  the  gerund,  for  te^  after  a  final  d, 
P'  de  demonstrative  pron.  (in  B,  gen.  placed 
'  after  the  word  to  which  it  belongs,  in 
col.  language  before  it,  even  without  the 
termination  of  the  genitive)  that,  that  one, 
opp.  to  Jii  this,  this  one,  yet  with  oc- 
casional exceptions.  1.  when  words  or 
passages  are  literally  quoted,  the  Tibetan 
begins  with  ^di-skad  or  some  similar  ex- 
pression, and  places  a  bes  or  di-skad  after 
it.  ^diy  in  such  a  case,  corresponds  about 
to  ihe  following',  de  to  *such',  or  ihus',  (cf. 
tovto  and  tods).  But  elsewhere  ^di  may 
also  refer  to  what  has  been  said  before, 
e.g.  in  a  reply :  tsig  ^di  ni  bdhi  -  pa  yin- 
nam  is  this  word  (that  has  just  been  said) 
true?  DzL  In  the  context  of  a  narrative, 
however,  de  is  usually  employed.  —  2. 
It  frq.  stands  in  the  place  of  the  definite 
article  the:  pa  de  log-ste  sdn-no  the  father 
went  back  MiL;  esp.  after  adjectives  and 
participles,  where  it  adds  to  perspicuity: 
yi&n-nu  de  na-re  the  younger  one  said 
MiL]  sndn-la  sdri-ba  de  he  that  has  gone 
on  before  MiL ;  dm  ddn-du,  del  pyir{-du\ 
cM-duy  sldd-du,  therefore,  on  this  account, 
for  this  reason;  del  ^6g-tu  under  that,  after 
that,  afterwards;  dm  dth-su,  fse(-na)  there, 
then,  at  that  time.  —  3  he,  she,  it,  for  Mo, 
which  in  classical  style  is  not  in  use.  — • 
4.  for  dei,  in  de-pyir,  de-dus,  (abbreviations 
oi del pyir-du,  deldtis-su,  v.  above).  Plural: 
de-dag,  de-mams,  de-fso. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  de-ka,  di-Ha,  the  very 
same,  ysa  d^-ka  na  yin  the  very  same 
snow-leopard  (you  saw)  was  I  my ^^M MiL; 
di-ka  Itar  just  SO  Thgy.;  de-ka  yod  (in 
answer  to  a  question)  indeed!  yes,  yes!  to 
be  sure!  MiL,  6'.,*  frq.;  de-ka  lags  MiL, 
id.;  de  Kyed  lags  Pth,,  oh,  this  ...  is  you?! 

—  de-Ud-na,  de-nyid,  col.  de-rdn,  the  very 
same,  cf.  M6-na;  de-nyidy  and  de-Ko-na- 
nyid  are  also  sbst. :  essence,  nature  Thgy. ; 
shns-kyi  de-nifid  the  .essence  of  the  soul 


256 


^•q-  de-ba 


Mil.  —  de-snyed  80  many.  —  de-ltUy  di- 
Itar  ("du^  or  -nd)  80,  pa  ni  d^-lta  ma 
yin-te  as  it  is  not  so  with  the  father  Sty.; 
de-lta-bu  of  that  kind,  quality,  or  manner, 
8UCh,  esp.  in  B.  —  de-de  =  de^  but  more 
emphatic,  exactly  that;  de-de-bhin-no  yes, 
80  it  is !  *dhSn'da,  de*  C.  =  d^4ta  etc.  — 
d^-na  therein,  in  that  place,  there,  here.  — 
d^-nas  from,  thence,  from  that  place;  after- 
wards, then,  at  that  time,  very  frq.  -  d^- 
pa^  di-ma  Cs.  one  of  that  place,  sect, 
religion  etc.  —  di^bas  1.  after  a  compa- 
rative, than  that;  2.  also  d^-bas-na,  d^s-na^ 
des,  therefore,  consequently,  now  then  (dr^ 
B.  frq.  —  de-bo  =  de  Cs.  —  di-tsam  80 
much;  d^-tsavi-na,  dd-t&a-na^  then,  at  that 
time.  —  d^'tsuff,  W,  gen.  ^de-zug*,  80,  thus. 
—  di'bzin{'du)  according  to  that,  thus,  so; 
frq.  for  It,  de-bzm-du  yndn-ho  he  allowed 
it  DzL;  d^bhin  /to-ses-nas  perceiving  it 
Glr.  —  de-bhin-nyid  (?TW)  essence.  Was. 
(272),  identity  (297),  like  cos-nyid  and  some 
other  similar  expressions,  =  ston-pa-nyid^ 
TriyL  fol.  20.  —  de-zug  =  de-tsug.  —  d^- 
yan,  de^an,  1.  this,  or  that,  too;  he  also. 
2.  namely,  to  wit,  viz.,  preceding  specifica- 
tions and  detailed  statements,  sometimes 
also  after  a  gerund,  in  which  case  it  cannot 
be  rendered  in  English.  —  de-rag  directly, 
immediately  Sch,  —  de-ran  =  de-Ud-na^  de- 
rail yin  that  is  just  the  thing!  exactly!  to 
be  sure!  col.  —  de-rin  B,  and  C.  to -day, 
de-rin-gi  of  this  day.  —  de-rUy  det\  1.  into 
that,  thereinto,  into  that  place,  thither,  that 
way.  2.  in  that,  therein,  in  that  place,  there, 
frq.  —  de-la  to  this,  to  that;  in,  on,  or  at 
this;  thereat,  therewith,  thereto,  thereon;  about 
that,  concerning  that;  thereof,  therefore.  — 
di-las  from,  out  of,  from  that;  after  a  com- 
parative and  ylariy  than  that  —  de^srid  to 
such  a  length  of  time. 

*n'^  d^-ba  a  medicinal  herb,  Med, 

cr-  den,  also  din,  to-day,  den-nas  from  this 
'  day  forward  Milr^  den  pytn-cdd  or 
cad  DzL  id.;  d^n-gi  dus  the  present  time 
or  age;  den-sdn  to-day  and  to-morrow; 
now-a-days;  den-sdn  Ihd-iye  the  physicians 


of  the  present  day  Wdn.;  den^dus  smdn- 
pa  Lt  id. 

§C'Q'  d^/i-ia,  pf.  and  imp.  oi^dih-bcty  to 
^  go,  to  go  away;  dMs-pa  seems  to  be 
the  same  form:  so-M  ynds-su  dens  MiL, 
rdn-sar  d^ns-so  Pth,  they  went  each  to  his 
own  place;  ndm^mUar  den  Mil.  prob.  it 
melted  away,  dissolved  into  air;  sdr- mo- 
mams  dens  mdzdd-pa  to  turn  the  fingers 
upwards  (?).  Schr.  dins-pa  to  ascend. 

S^'^  dedrpa,  pf.  oi  ^did-pa, 

^j-.._.  dib{-ma)  poultice,  cataplasm,  ap- 
^  ^  plied  to  sores  and  inflamed  parts 
of  the  body  Sch. 

^q-M-    -q^x^^    '^  deb-fir,  -yUr,  sier, 
'  '       1/    '     5      tibetanized  form  of 

the  Persian  y3o  documents,  records,  cata- 
logues, registers,  lists,  books;  deb-ter-pa,  deb- 
fer-mUan  Cs,  keeper  of  the  archives  or  re- 
cords, recorder,  archivist,  librarian;  deb-Kan 
chancery,  government  office  Schr.;  dib-yig 
cover,  envelope,  stitched  book  Sch. 
^w^  (Hm  -  tsi  (perh.  Bu  -  nan),  a  small, 
^        narrow  bridge,  foot-bridge  Lh. 

sQC'  dian,  v.  sub  de. 

Yx^  deu(-i*e)  one  day,  some  future  time, 

"^  DzL  frq.;  deu  . . .  deu  . . ,  now  . . . 
now,  at  one  time ...  at  another  time  MU. 
(Tar.  165, 18  is  prob.  an  incorr.  reading). 
^;^'  d^9  for  de-ru,  esp.  as  adv.,  then,  at 

'      that  time;  der  zad,  der  bas  Cs.  that  is 
all,  there  is  nothing  more,  finis. 
r;^  des  1.  instrum.  of  de;  des  ^og  with  that 
^      it  is  enough,  that  will  do  Sch.  —  2.  for 
di-bas,  V.  de  comp. 
^;^n'  d^-p^  ^'^- •  "fine,  brave,  noble,  chaste; 

^  a  title';   occurs  frq.  in  Dzl.  as  a 

commendable  quality  of  women. 
^  dol.  num.  figure:  131.  —  2.  two,  a  pair, 
^  a  couple,  used  only  in  counting,  mea- 
suring etc.:  zo  do  re  two  drams  of  each 
Med.;  *td'bag  do*  W.  two  platefuls.  —  3. 
this,  Schr.:  dd-^yi  don-du;  gen.  only  in  do- 
nub  this  evening,  to-night  Mil.',  bdag  do- 
nttb  sdn-gi  mi  I,  *a  man  only  for  to  -  day 
and  to-morrow  Mil.;  Cs.  also  do-hdg,  do- 


^ 


^^(^)  d(M(r) 


?^|^q'  d6gs-pa 


257 


mdd  to-day.  —  4.  an  equal,  a  match;  a  com- 
panion, associate,  W,  *yd  -  do*  fellow,  yoke- 
fellow, mate,  comrade,  consort;  do-zla  1.  id. 
Mil.;  2.  parly  in  a  lawsuit  (?);  *  do-da  pan- 
tsun  kib  cf'pa*  Cs,  seems  to  mean:  care- 
fully to  investigate  (the  right  of)  botli 
parties;  do  -  med  ^unequalled,  matcliless; 
^dho-med  zan-po*,  6'.,  W, 

T^'P'  cto-i^ar-Afa  W.  light-blue. 

^^Wq-  do-gdl  importance,  weight;  important, 

'  '  weighty  C.,  W,;  ^dho-ghdl  mi  jhe- 
'pa*  C,  *do-gdl  mi  ^d-ce*  W.^  to  treat  lightly, 
to  make  light  of,  to  slight ;  *^di  Mg-po  dho- 
ghdl  mi  ^du^  C\,  this  word  is  unimportant, 
of  no  consequence;  do-gdl-ban  important, 
of  consequence  Cs. 

^t^_  do-ddm  commission,  charge,  superin- 
^^  tendence;  *dho  -  dhdm  )he  -  pa*  C, 
*d0'ddm  Kur-de*  W,,  to  have  the  superin- 
tendence, direction,  or  charge  of  a  business, 
to  have  the  keeping  of  a  thing;  do-ddm- 
pa  1;  a  commissioned,  authorized  person, 
overseer  etc  ;  2.  bishop  Chr.  Prot 
^gf'  dd-po  a  load,  for  a  beast  of  burden, 

'  cf.  dos;  *do-g6m*  W,  saddle-cloth, 
housing;  do-ldgs  the  load  on  one  side  of 
a  sumpter-horse,  half  a  load,  do  ya-yag\ 
do-ndn-pa  the  equalizing  of  the  load,  by 
increasing  or  lessening  it  on  one  of  the 
sides. 

r  dd-ba  1.  Jerusalem  artichoke  Sik,  — 
2.  secondary  form  of  sdd-ba  c.  accus., 
to  be  a  match  for,  to  be  equal  in  strength 
etc.,  to  cope  with  Mih;  *hrog  dhan  dhdn- 
da  re*  C.  his  life  is  at  stake  (daf), 

^H    dd-bo  Med.^  prob.  =  dd-ba  I. 

STjfe'  do-mdd  to-day,  this  day,  v.  do. 

^^'  do-rq  Mil? 

^^  do-7'e  v.  do  2. 

do-8d-la  Hind,  a  thick  shawl  or 

clri  wrapper  W. 


r^ 


"(■5? 


^nQv  do-kdl  Cs.  n.  of  an  ornament  hang 
'     '       ing  down  from  the  shoulders;  Sch7\ 
mu-tig-gi  do-sdl  pearl-necklace;  Mil.  id. 

^'  ?f  d4)-si  (from  fse?)  now,  at  present  Bal 

Ml'  dog  col.  an  auxiliary  vb.,  ace.  to  Laraas 
^  '  of  W.  and  C.  ^  rtdg-pa^  but  of  differ- 
ent pronunciation  (W.  *dog*,  C.  *dJiog*).  It 
seems  to  correspond  to  the  expressions:  as 
far  as  I  know,  as  much  as  you  know,  to 
your  knowledge  etc.  So  a  person  may  be 
asked:  *y6g-mo  me  bar  d6g-ga(m)*  has 
your  maid  -  servant,  for  what  you  know, 
lighted  a  fire?  whilst,  if  the  servant  herself 
were  asked,  the  question  could  only  be:  *7W^ 
bar-ra(m)^  or  bar  tsar-7'a(m)*. 
>CT'  dog  sbst.,  in  B.  mostly  ddg-pa^  1 .  bundle, 
'  '  clew,  skein,  e.g.  of  wool,  weighing  about 
two  pounds,  as  much  as  one  can  hold  con- 
veniently with  the  hand  or  twist  round  it 
(lag-ddg).  —  2.  capsule,  ar-dza-kai  of  the 
cotton  plant.  —  3.  ear  of  corn  L^r.;  Col. 
more  in  use:  dog-ddg  a  larger  piece,  M- 
ra  dog  -  dog^  lump-sugar  (opp.  to  ground 
sugar);  clod,  dump,  lump,  loaf,  *dog-ddg 
hd'ce*  W.  to  form  loaves;  or  in  general:  to 
press,  to  press  together,  to  crush,  to  crura  pie; 
a  piece  of  wood,  a  log  W.  (differing  from 
rdog);  *ddg-ga-dog'g^  Ld.  broken  in  pieces, 
e.g. /ca-ra.  ^«n<^  v^<n '^o^^*^  -^^^-^  /^  • 
S^l'n'  ddg^a  1.  v.  dog  sbst.  —  2.  adj.  and 
'  sbst.,  narrow,  narrowness;  d6g-po, 
ddg-mo  adj.;  ddg-pai ynas-las  far-ba  Wdn.; 
fig.  Mn-tu  ddg-par  gyur-to  they  were  kept 
within  narrow  bounds  Glr.;  *iim  dhdg-po* 
C.  strict  administration  of  justice. 
S&'oJ'  ddg-le  an  iron  pan  with  a  handle 
^  '       6'.,  W. 

^jm^'q-  dogs-pa  1.  vb.,  to  fear,  to  be  afraid 
^  '  of,  to  apprehend,  gen.  with  the  root 
of  the  pf  tense,  which  in  earlier  writings  is 
placed  in  the  instrum.  case:  nyis-pa  byxih- 
gis  mi  dogs  DzL;  whereas  Gh\:  ser  byua 
ddgs-pai  dus-su  (fearing)  when  a  hail-storm 
is  threatening;  Tar.  188,9:  rgyal-srid  ma 
zin-gyi(8)  ddgs-te  being  afiaid  (the  prince) 
might  not  be  able  to  govern ;  ma  zin  ddgs- 
pas  Glr.  fearing  lest  he  should  not  finish 

17 


258 


^-  dx>n 


^S"  don 


the  matter;  ysd-mUan  ma  byun  ddgs-nas 
Glr,  fearing  that  no  deliverer  would  make 
his  appearance ;  hence  for  that  not,  lest  and 
similar  expressions,  bu  mis  mfdn-gis  ddgs 
nas  that  his  son  might  not  be  seen  by  the 
people  Pfh,;  he-sddn  lam  dogs  tur-re  gyis 
be  on  your  guard  lest  anger  should  arise, 
take  care  not  to  grow  angry!  Mil;  ^gos 
ddgs'pai  Icibs  dusters  to  prevent  (things) 
from  getting  dirty  Leocr^  yMn-gyis  ysdUbar 
nis-kyis  dogs^-na)  using  distant  allusions, 
so  that  the  drift  of  a  speech  is  not  at  once 
clear  and  intelligible  Grravi.;  rarely  with 
the  supine :  d^  -  dag  bag  -tu,  or  Jbros^  su 
dogs  fearing  lest  they  should  become  faint- 
hearted or  take  to  flight  DzL  —  2.  sbst. 
apprehension,  fear,  scruple,  ddgs-pa  skyes-te 
DzL;  also  dogs  sky^s-te  Glr,;  dogs  bsdl-ba^ 
dogsycdd-pa  to  remove  doubts  or  apprehen- 
sions Tar,\  dogs  dpyod  ni  dogs  ybdd-do 
examining  a  scruple  is  as  much  as  remov- 
ing it  Sch, ;  re-dogs  hope  and  fear  (things 
which  a  saint  ought  to  be  no  longer  sub- 
ject to)  frq. 
^-  don  1.  a  deep  hole,  pit,  ditch,  an  ex- 

'  cavation  deep  in  proportion  to  its 
breadth,  e.g.  a  trench  in  fortifications,  Glr. ; 
sa-ddn  id.;  cu'ddn\  well,  a  deep  cistem; 
me-doii  a  fiery  abyss,  pool  of  fire  Dzh; 
Sch,  proposes  to  use  it  also  for  crater.  — 
2.  depth,  deepness,  profundity;  ddn-can  Cs., 
*ddn-po*  W,,  deep;  don -vied  not  deep, 
shallow  Cs.  —  3.  v.^ddn-ba^'^  ^  V  '^ 
?r'qr  ddii-ga  n.  of  a  tropical  climbing  plant, 

^       '  and  of  a  sweet-tasted  lenient  purga- 
tive   3/^C?.  Kaa/vC*^^   <k/  ryevw^^vs^u '>/^vvv.(r*'x- 

^•q-  ddn-pa  padlock,  dofi-pa  ^jug-pa  to 
'  put  a  padlock  on. 

^'ST    'IffCI'Sf  ^^^"P^-*  Iddh'po  1.  tube,  any 
^        '    ^  hollow  cylindrical  vessel,  = 

pu-ri;  ddn-bu  a  small  ditto;  spa-d&n  a  tube 
etc.  of  bamboo,  sin-don  a  tube  etc.  of  wood; 
IcagS'don  of  iron;  mda-don  a  quiver,  don- 
ba  Glr,  id  ;  ddn-mo,  IdoA-vio  a  small  churn, 
=  gur-gur,  —  2  a  shuttle,  made  of  a  piece 
of  bamboo. 


[i  ddn'tsCy  Sch.  also  ddii-fse^  doh-rtse^ 
piece  of  money,  coin,  yser-gyi  gold 


coin  Dzh\  esp.  a  small  coin,  used  (like 
penny)  proverbially  for  a  small  sum,  Dz\, 

^©7,9;  c^c^,6. 

sC'3^'  don-zili?)  W.  Corydalis  mcifolia. 

^'3*  ddn-ze  wasp  Cs. 

^-  dod  an  equivalent,  *7ivl  med-na  dod  l-ig 
'  ^  fob  gos*  W,  if  you  have  no  money,  I 
must  receive  an  equivalent;  dei  dod  ci-^dra 
yod  what  is  the  equivalent,  what  shall  we 
get  for  it?  Mil.;  bu-ddd  adoptive  son,  ved^ 
kyi  bu-ddd  mdzod  pray,  suflFer  yourself  to 
be  adopted  by  us  Mil.;  skad-ddd  verbal 
equivalent,  synonym,  translation  Lea:.;  dod- 
du  as  an  equivalent,  as  payment,  for,  instead 
of,  at,  e.g.  at  a  moderate  price;  k-yod-kyis 
iiai  stobs'kyi  dod  mi  per  Glr.,  gen.  *mi  nm* 
( '.,  you  cannot  cope  with  me  in  strength, 
you  are  no  match  for  me. 

i^k'n'  ddd'pa  to  project,  to  be  prominent, 
'  ^       gen.  with  ^bur  -  du;    also  elongated 
(Botany)  Wdn. 

^-  don  (Ssk.  "^re),  resp.  (at  least  in  some 
'  '  of  its  applications)  zabs-don  /^.  1. sense, 
meaning,  signification,  gd-ba  to  understand, 
^grel'ba  to  explain ;  don  myed-par  dkd-bai 
yig  '^bru  letters  the  meaning  of  which  i.-^ 
not  easily  understood  Glr  ;  don  mi  jiug  that 
makes  no  sense ;  ^dii  do7i  H  yin  what  does 
that  mean?  hal  ni  Uai  don  yin:  ^zaV  signifies 
the  same  as  Ka;  dpe  bzi  don  dart  Inai  mgur 
a  psalm,  containing  four  parables,  together 
with  their  explanation,  as  being  the  fifth 
(part)  Mil.;  rdn-gi-^hfis-la  don  qyis  refer 
the  signification,  make  the  application,  to 
your  own  soul  Mil.; . .  .  kyi  ddn-du  b^ad, 
it  is  explained  in  the  sense  of . . .,  as  having 
the  same  meaning  as .  .  .  Grain.;  don  mfun- 
no  they  agree  in  this  sense,  on  that  point, 
they  say  so  unanimously  Glr.;  don  de-la 
soms  think  over  this  sense,  i.e.  over  the 
meaning  of  this  significant  example  Mil; 
ku'ddn  application,  petition,  request;  con- 
tents, Tar.  45, 19.;  also  opp.  to  fsig  (word, 
form);  cos-byiin-na  spn-ti-ma  zer-ba  jdug- 
ste  dofi  mfun  in  the  cos  -  byun^  it  is  true, 
he  is  called  Spritima,  but  the  contents  (i.e. 


^a'  d(m 


^•^  (iir- 


259 


the  things  related  about  him)  agree,  are 
the  same  Glr.;  n^-don,  and  drd/i-don  v. 
nh'pa  extr.;  idea,  notion,  conception  Was. 
(283);  as  the  heading  of  a  chapter  or  pa- 
ragraph, e.g.  sdig-pa  ddg-pai  don  of  the 
expiation  of  sin.  Rarely  in  a  subjective 
sense:  cfow-Tw^d iy/s-pa thoughtless  children 
Mil.  —  2.  the  true  sense,  the  real  state  of 
the  case,  the  truth,  (cf.  dn-ddm)^  esp.  ddn- 
IcL,  sometimes  also  ddn-gyis  Tar.  102,12, 
in  truth,  in  fact,  really  Glr.  and  elsewh. ; 
to  speak  the  truth  Thffy.\  don-la  bltd-na 
col.  id.;  also  for:  true!  surely!  indeed,  for- 
sooth. —  3.  intent,  purpose,  design;  profit, 
advantage,  ^dii  don  H  yin  what  is  your  mean- 
ing and  intent  (of  doing  that)?  sonsd/i-bai 
don  med  Dzl.  going  on  is  to  no  purpose; 
don  med  bHn-du  without  seeing  the  use  of 
it,  without  understanding  the  purpose  Wdn.] 
with  the  genit.  of  the  noun:  the  profit,  ad- 
vantage, the  good,  of  a  person,  mii  don  byed- 
pa  to  promote  a  person's  welfare;  esp.  with 
reference  to  holy  men,  ^gro('bai)  don  byhl- 
pa  to  work  for  the  welfare  of  (all)  beings, 
very  frq. ;  of  priests  col. :  to  act  officially, 
to  sacrifice;  gain,  profit,  v.  yny^r-ba;  in  a 
concrete  sense:  some  particular  advantage, 
prerogative,  good  or  blessing  obtained,  frq.; 
pdn-pai  don  a  useful  thing,  bde-bai  don  a 
gift  of  fortune,  myM-pa  to  obtain  it;  duos- 
grub  m^dg-gi  don  the  excellency  of  the 
highest  perfection;  hence  don-du  postp.  c. 
genit.  1.  for,  for  the  good  or  the  benefit  of; 
2.  for  the  sake  of,  on  account  of;  c.  genit. 
of  inf.  in  order  to,  that;  3.  rarely:  in  the 
place  of,  instead  of,  against,  for,  zas  ndr- 
gyi  ddn-du  Jsdn-ba  to  sell  food  for  money 
Mil.  —  4.  in  a  general  sense :  affair,  concern, 
business,  ran'(gi)  don  one's  own  affairs, 
one's  own  interest  (cf.  n.  3);  jian-^gyi)  don 
the  interest  of  others;  also  met  on.  for  dis- 
interestedness Mil  (Ssk.  inrni) ;  don  mdn- 
bos  on  account  of  much  business  (syn.  brel- 
bas)  Dzl;  chief  or  main  point  (ni  f.)^  ysd- 
bcM^ig-pai  don-^marns  vidor  sdu-ba  to  sum 
up  the  principal  points  of  medical  science ; 
COS  don  ymm-la  jiiiS'te  religion  being  re- 
duced to  three  main  points  (lus^  nag^  yid) 


Glr. ;  don  sgintb^a^  or  ^rub-pa  to  settle  an 
affair,  to  obtain  one's  end,  to  attain  to 
happiness.  —  5.  in  anatomy  don  Ina  are: 
the  heart,  lungs,  liver,  spleen,  and  kidneys 
Med. ;  cf  snod.  —  6.  document,  cdd-don  a 
written  contract,  agreement;  ce(d)'don  a 
letter  (to  an  inferior  person). 

Comp.  don-can,  don  dan  Iddn^a  1.  use- 
ful, profitable,  expedient,  e.g.  fsig  Thgy.  2.  en- 
joying an  advantage.  3.  having  a  certain 
sense.  —  don-mfun  a  merchant  Cs. ;  dpal  dan 
Iddn-pai  don-mfun-dag  most  honourable 
merchants!  —  don-ddg  1.  Sch.  business,  af- 
fairs (?).  2.  col.  =  don  1 .  don-ddm  (m<HI^)^ 
the  true  sense,  subjectively:  good  earnest, 
col  W.  ydns-pa  man  don- dam  yin  it  is  not 
(said  in)  jest,  but  in  good  earnest;  ob- 
jectively :  don-^dm-par  dbyer-med  in  truth, 
(after  all,  upon  the  whole,  in  the  end),  it 
is  all  the  same  Gram. ;  don-ddm  mdm-par 
ites-pai  cos  Glr,  prob.  =  don-ddmr-pai  bdin- 
pa  absolute  truth  Was.  (293) ;  in  later  times 
=  ston-pa-nyid  Trigl.  20 ;  Mil.  —  ^don-dds* 
W  (lit.-^bras)  =  ^e-ddnf 
^jy*  don  num.  for  bdun-cu^  don-ycig  etc. 

'  '  71,  72  etc.  to  79. 
s^Zy  ddn-pa  for  Jt&n-pa  Glr.  in  one 

'  '       passage,  pro  v.  in  C. 
^.^.  dob-ddb,  dob'ddb  smrd-ba  to  talk 

'   ^     stuff,  nonsense  Sch. 
r^-  dom  the  brown  bear;  ddm-bu  1.  Sch. 
the  cub  of  a  bear,  2.  Cs.:  b,  species 
of  black  dogs,  resembling  a  bear. 

^Mr  dom-ddmCs.:  ornamental  fringes 

'       '      hanging  down  from  the  neck  of  a 
horse;  Wdn  :  me-tog  rtdyi  dom-ddm  ^dra. 

f^x:  ddm-ra  screen,  shade  for  the  eyes 
and  the  like  Sch. 

X'  dor  a  pair  of  draught  cattle;  glaii-dor 
a  yoke  of  oxen 

^A'^  ddr-ba  v.  ^dor-ba. 

•^^^  dor-ma  breeches,  trowsers,  dor-tiin 
'  short  breeches,  dor-nh  long  drawers, 

trowsers  t's.;  snam-dor  from  snam-bu;  d/k- 
rta  1.  that  part  of  the  breeches  which  covers 
the  privy  parts,  v.  rta;  yugs-sa-moi  d6r- 
rta  des  yza  srun^  rrad-la  pan  Wdh.^  the 


¥ 


260 


^'  dol 


middle  part  of  a  widow's  drawers  pre- 
vents epilepsy  aud  heals  wounds.  —  2.  W. 
—  (Mr-ma? 

^Jqj-  dol  1.  net,  esp.  fishing-net,  *fdm-pa* 
^      to  spread,  to  fix  it  6'.,  W,;  (nya-yidl- 
pa  a  fisherman,  cf.  jrddl-pa,  —  2.  W,  stew- 
pan.  —  3.  dol  ybdd  -  pa  to  split,  to  cleave 

Sch, 

^j«r  dos  a  load  (of  a  beast  of  burden)  that 
^  has  to  be  carried  by  compulsory  ser- 
vice, without  being  paid  for;  Ual^os  id.; 
ja-dos  a  load  of  tea  carried  in  this  manner; 
dos  ^el'ba  to  load  (on),  to  pack,  dos  Jbogs- 
pa  (not  Qp^g-pa  6*8.)  to  unload;  dds-pa  a 
conductor  of  such  loads  C's.,  dos-dpon  the 
leader  of  a  caravan  of  such  loads;  dos 
drag- pa  ].  Mil,  prob.:  hard  compulsory 
service;  2.  perh.  also:  severe  in  exacting  it, 
e.g.  a  feudal  lord. 

c-5*  2^^"§*  ^^^  ■  ^ »  drdn  -  H  Pur,  a  flat 
^     '    -^         basket. 

C'n*  drd-pa  a  small  copper  coin,  used  in 
*^  the  western  part  of  the  Himalaya,  a 
thicic  paisa,  of  the  value  of  half  a  penny. 
ff*q-  drd'ba  I.  sbst.  wp^-,  1-  Qrate,  lattice; 
"^  net,  net -work,  lus-la  drd-bar  Jjrel 
(the  veins)  are  spread  throughout  the  body 
like  net-work  /S.^.;  rm-pai  drd-ba  the 
frame- work  of  bones,  the  skeleton  Thgi/.; 
^od-zer-gyi  drd-la  a  pencil  or  aggregate 
of  rays  of  light  (lit.  lattice-work  of  rays) 
Gh\;  dra  mig  id.,  esp.  col.;  Icdgs-Qcyi) 
dra{'mig)  iron  railings;  grate;  gridiron;  r^^j/a- 
dra  wooden  rails,  fence  6'.,  W.;  dra'{ba) 
pyed{-pa)  Lea,,  Glr.  'half-lattice\  technical 
term  for  a  kind  of  silk  ornament;  drd- 
ba-ban  latticed,  grated;  dra-lag-drd- lag- 
can  having  many  forked  ends  or  branches, 
of  the  horns  of  a  stag.  —  2.  a  bag  made 
of  net-work  6s,  dra-jmd^  dra-cun  id.  — 
3.  the  web  of  water-fowls. 

II.  vb.,  pf.  dras,  W.  *de-ce'',  to  CUt, 
clip,  lop,  dress,  prune,  pare  (leather,  cloth, 
paper,  wings  etc.  with  knife  or  scissors); 
also  fig.:  pai  mih-nas  drds-te  borrowing 
(a  syllable)  from  the  father's  name  Glr, 
(twice);  cf.  also  Tar,  107,  13;  *m-rlhr- 
pa*   C.   one  that  cuts  the   strings  (of  a 


^^''  drdg-pa 

purse)  on  his  thumb,  i.e.  a  cut-purse,  pick- 
pocket; gos-drds  cloth  cut  out  for  a  garment 
68.;  draS'Spydd  sdssors  Sch,;  dra-gri  Cs,: 
'a  tailor's  knife  used  for  shears';  drat  (sic) 
ro  Sch,,  ^df-rugy  fa -de*  W.  clippings,  cut- 
tings, remnants. 

-.^.  drd-ma  experienced,  practised,  learned 
^  Sch,\  so  perh.  Pth.^  where  however 
bra-ma  and  tra-ma  is  the  usual  form. 
2--a-  dra-zu,  or  *dra-su*  W,  a  small  pan 
^^  with  a  handle;  a  ladle. 
x-OT  drag  1.  W,  the  post;  any  parcels  or 
^  '  goods  conveyed  by  post,  the  Hind,  ^j^ 
—  2.  expedient,  profitable,  of  use,  pul-ha 
drdg-gam  will  it  be  of  any  use,  well- 
applied,  if  I  give?  Mil, ;  ji  byas  kyah  ma 
drag  whatever  I  did,  it  was  of  no  use 
Pth, ;  Tta  ci-ltar  byds-na  drag  what  course 
will  it  be  expedient  to  take?  what  shall 
I  do  best?  Pth,;  *H  dhag^  ghan  dha^  C. 
what  is  right?  what  is  expedient?  ndd^a 
drdg-pas  cog  it  is  sufficient,  if  the  patient 
is  getting  better  Mil, 
rqrn'  drdg-pa  1.  noble,  of  noble  birth  C, 
^  '  *drdg-po*  W, ;  mi  drdg-pa^  or  merely 
drdg-pa,  a  nobleman;  drag -rigs  nobility, 
gentry;  drdg-par  byed^a  to  raise  to  nobi- 
lity, drdg-par  ^gyur-ba  to  become  a  noble- 
man 6s.;  drag-SOS  an  inferior  officer  or  ma- 
gistrate 6'8.  —  2.  gen.  drdgs-po,  W.  also 
drag-can,  (Ssk.  ^ft^f,  ^u)  strong,  vehement, 
violent  cu  drag -pa  a  rapid  river,  violent 
current;  brtson-^^grus  drag -pa  J>dd-pa  or 
^dun-pa  drag -pa  unbending,  unwearied 
application;  skad  drag-pa  a  powerful  voice; 
Mrims  drag-pa  a  severe  punishment;  snyin- 
r)e  drag  yearning  compassion;  strong,  for- 
cible, of  expressions  or  language ;  moreover 
an  epithet  of  terrifying  deities,  particularly 
of  Siwa  (Ssk.  ^5f),  d7*ag-7no  fem.;  zi  rgyas 
dbaii  drag  v.  sub  zi-ba,  —  Adv.  drag-tu 
vehemently,  violently,  e.g.  to  pull,  to  lament^ 
to  implore;  hastily,  speedily,  e.g.  to  come 
Wdii,;  drdg-pw,  e.g.  drdg-par  biad-de 
bkldg-par  byojo  in  reading  a  marked  stop 
should  be  made  Gram.;  ha-ian  mi-drdg- 
par  very  gently,  Softly;  drdg-gis,  ddd-pa 
to  believe  firmly  Mil.  —  3.  drdg-pa  pos- 


261 


5^^  draffs 


^^R^  drdn-pa 


5^ 


sessing  a  quality  in  a  high  degree,  dity- 
drag-pa  Stg.  very  poisonous.  —  4.  symb 
nam.  11. 

Comp.  drag-ndd^  v.  dreg-ndd^  gouL  — 
drag ^rtsal' can  =  drdg-po^  of  deities.  — 
drag-zdn  strong  and  weak,  e.g.  the  relative 
force  of  sound  Grram.;  also  high  and  low, 
with  respect  to  rank.  —  drag-hul  fright- 
fulness,  drag-hvl-ban  frightful,  terrible,  power- 
ful; cruel,  frq.,  yet  chiefly  with  respect  to 
the  power  manifested  by  gods  and  sor- 
cerers. —  drag-yhed  lit.  *cruel  hangman', 
a  terrifying  deity  v.  Schl,  111,  214. 

drags  adv.  very,  much,  greatly,  Tnan- 
drags  Mil.  very  much;  adj.  much, 
strong,  intense,  bza-btun- drags  eating  and 
drinking  a  great  deal  S,g, ;  dran-drdgs  an 
intense,  most  vivid,  remembrance  of  a  per- 
son Mil.,  an  ardent  longing  or  desire ;  dga- 
drdgs-nas  being  very  happy,  highly  rejoiced 
P^y  ^'\  offy^d'drdgs-nas  feeling  deep  re- 
pentance Mil, ;  bsten  drdgs-na  if  one  continues 
it  too  long  S.g. 
5C  dran  a  kind  of  bear  Sch. 

rj^-Jf'  drdn-po  (i^)  straight  1.  not  de- 
*^  viating  from  the  direct  course,  not 

crooked  or  oblique,  fig^  lam  etc.  frq.;  lus 
drdn-po  Jdg-pa  to  sit  straight;  *lca  bub- 
ne  (fdn-po  bd-be*  W.  to  place  a  thing 
straight  or  upright  again;  *i id-la  ddii-po* 
W.,  horizontal.  —  2.  right,  e.g.  lam^  opp. 
to  Idg-pa,  —  3.  sincere,  honest,  upright, 
truthful,  drdii-poi  ran-blin-han-gyi  pyir  be- 
cause they  have  an  upright  character  DzL ; 
las  drdn-po  good  actions,  righteous  deeds, 
opp.  to  rtsub-po  violent,  unjust  Stg.:,  h'rims 
drdn-po  1.  a  just  sentence,  righteous  judg- 
ment, opp.  to  log-pa.  —  2.  applied  to  men, 
with  regard  to  their  acting  according  to 
justice  and  the  law  (v.  Icrvms)\  cds-dran- 
po  honest,  upright,  with  respect  to  religion 
and  the  divine  law;  also  drdn-po  alone, 
whenever  it  is  not  to  be  misunderstood, 
may  be  used  for  our  just.  —  dra/l  -por, 
isig  drdn-por  smrd-ba  to  be  candid,  to  speak 
the  truth,  frq.  dran-don  v.  nes-pa  extr. 

drdn-ba   1.  abstract  noun  to  drd/i- 


%^ 


5R'«r 


po.  2.  pf.  to  ^drSn-pa. 


rc;*^'  draii-st^dn^  igf^,  J .  a  holy  hermit, 
*^  "^  ^n  order  of  men,  introduced  from 
Brahmanism  into  Buddhism.  These  saints 
are  looked  upon  partly  as  human  beiogs, 
partly  as  Dewas,  and  at  any  rate  as  being 
endowed  with  miraculous  powers  Dzl.  frq. 
—  2.  At  present  the  Lama  that  offers 
sby^in^sreg  is  stated  to  bear  that  name,  and 
whilst  he  is  attending  to  the  sacred  rites, 
he  is  not  allowed  to  eat  anything  but  dkar- 
zas  (v.  dkar-po).  —  3.  symb.  num.:  7. 

drdn-dn  Lh.  the  beam  of  a  pair  of 

scales.  Hind.  in^. 
s^ZT  drdn-pa  I.  vb.  w,  1.  to  think  of, 
"^  '  c.  accus.,  with  or  without  y?'rf-/a,  gen. 
to  think  of  past  events,  to  remember,  re- 
collect, call  to  mind,  drin  benefits,  v.  drin\ 
byuh-ba-mams  thai  which  has  happened 
GZr.;  more  emphatically:  rjis-su  drdn-pa 
frq.;  but  also  dkon-mcdg  drdn-pa  to  think 
of,  to  remember,  God;  sdug-po  ydh-ba  de 
ma  drdn-pa  yin  do  not  think  of,  do  not 
trouble  yourself  about,  future  evils  MiL\ 
bskyis-par  mi  drdn-no  I  do  not  recollect 
having  taken  anything  on  credit  Dzl.\  drdn- 
pa  fsdmrgyis  as  soon  as  one  thinks  of  it, 
quick  as  thought  Thgr.;  so-sd-nas. . .  di'dn- 
par  gyis  hig  every  body  should  think  of . . . 
Dzl.  (the  simple  imp.  seems  not  to  be 
used);  (ryes-su)  drdn-par  byed-pa  also:  to 
remind  of,  to  put  in  mind  of,  to  revive  the 
memory  oij  =  drdn-du  ojug-pa^  dran-skul 
byed-pa  Lex.  —  2.  to  become  conscious  of, 
to  recollect,  rmi-lam  a  dream  Pth. ;  drdn- 
par  ^gyiir-ba  to  recover  one's  senses,  to 
be  one's  self  again  Dzl. ;  Hah  mi  drdn-pa 
insensible  Dzl.\  mi  drdn-pai  ^dg-tu  after 
they  had  become  insensible  Dzl.  —  3.  to 
think  of  with  love  or  affection,  to  be  attached 
to,  to  long  for,  a-ma  for  the  mother  col.; 
*dran-sem*  W.  love,  affection,  attachment; 
dran-mcog-rje  dearest  Sir!  Mil. 

11.  sbst.  wfTf,  ^1^,  1.  remembrance,  re- 
collection, reminiscence;  memory  frq.;  drdn- 
pa  ysdl-po  a  retentive  memory.  —  2.  con- 
sciousness, stor  is  lost;  ftigs  dran-^ned-du 
fim-pa  to  lose  one's  senses,  resp.  Mil.; 
dran-mid^du  brgydl-pa  id. ;  drdn-pa  myed- 


pa  to  recover  one's  senses  i%. ;  /«d  -  6a 
id.;  dran-^dzm-vied-pa  being  out  of  one's 
senses  (with  joy)  Glr.;  self-possession,  con- 
sideration, dran^m^d  without  consideration, 
incoDsiderate ;  shm-can  smyon-por-dag  drdn- 
pa  sO'S&r  myed  insane  persons  regained 
the  respective  faculties  of  their  minds  5.0., 
drdn-pa  yzuns-pa  prob.  quickness  of  ap- 
prehension, good  capacity;  drdn-pa  nydvis- 
pa  weak-minded;  dran-yody  dran-lddn^ 
remembering,  being  in  one's  senses  Cs.; 
dran-hes  for  drdn-pa  dan  hes-rdb  Mil,; 
*dhevi'pa  mah-po  Uo-la  sar*  C\  he  is 
uneasy,  troubled,  full  of  scruples  and  ap- 
prehensions. 

ro!'  ^^'<^^  ^'  V.  Icam-mo,  2.  v.  ^dral-ba. 
'^      3.  for  ffml 

raj'5f  dral-tse  a  kind -of  courier  or  messen- 
-^  ger  Cb. 

5?f  dras  v.  dra-ba  II. 

r-  dn^  col.  also  dH  ma,  odour,  smell,  scent, 

"^^  dri'Zim{'poy,  dri-bsuii  Dzl.  an  agreeable 
smell,  sweet  scent;  dn-bzan^-pd)  1.  id., 
2.  Cs,  also  saffron;  dri^ndn^  prob.  also 
dn-ldg,  W,  *dri  sdg-po*,  Cs.  dri-mi-zim  an 
unpleasant  smell,  a  stench;  dri  brd-ba  to 
exhale  an  odour  Glr,;  *di  wUm-pa  or  ndnv- 
pa*  to  inhale  an  odour;  W.:  Hy^r-di^ 
nyih'di^  dug-di,  md-di^  rul-di^  hdm-di  rag* 
I  perceive  a  sour,  stale,  burnt,  smoky, 
putrid,  mouldy  smell;  *tsig'di^  iob-d^  a 
smell  of  burnt  food,  burnt  wool;  dri  Ina 
five  odours  or  perfumes  used  in  offering; 
dri -Ha  ScL:  urinous  smell  (?);  dri  -  nod 
vapour,  exhalation,  fragrance;  dri-can  Iti- 
ba  bag  of  the  musk-deer;  musk  Wdn,; 
dri-cu  scented  water,  perfume  Cs,  (yet  cf. 
dri-ma)^  dri-chi  a  medicinal  herb  Lt  — 
dri-ytsan-Mn,  apiT^,  a  sacred  place,  a 
chapel,  conjectures  about  the  etymology 
of  the  w^ord  v.  Burn.  I,  262.  —  dri-^dzin 
po.,  the  nose.  —  dri-za^  also  dri-za-mo 
fern.,  ;^icnt  ^"  ^^^^1*  of  fragrance,  in  Brah- 
manism  the  heavenly  musicians,  and  so  also 
in  Buddhism  painted  as  playing  on  guitars, 
but  usually  (in  accordance  with  the  ety- 
mology) thought  to  be  aSrial  spirits,  that 


/  y.\  5^  drift 

feed  on  odours  of  every  description.  They 
are  supposed  not  only  to  be  fond  of  flowers 
and  other  fragrant  objects,  but  also  to  visit 
dunghills,  flaying-places,  shambles  etc.,  the 
various  substances  of  which  are  accordingly 
dedicated  to  them  (cf.  ytor-^ma).  The  in- 
sects, swarming  about  such  places,  the 
Tibetan  believes  to  be  incarnated  dri-za, 
—  dri'zai  groh{'Uyer)  mirage,  fata  morgana. 
^•q-  dri'ba  question,  dri-ba  jiri-ba  to  ask 
"^  a  question,  mi-la  a  person;  dri-bai 
lan^  dris  -  Idn^  answer;  dri  -  rtdg  ma  man 
MiL^  C.^**dhi  gya  ma  )h^  or  Se*  6s.,  don't 
ask  long!  do  not  ask  many  questions! 
^•gjr'  dri'bo  an  enchanter,  sorcerer,  magicifm, 
^  dri-nio  enchantress,  witch  Mil. 
^^^  dri -ma,  ipj,  1.  dirt,  filth,  impurity; 
^  excrement,  ordure;  lag-(pat)  dri^^-Tna) 
marks  left  by  dirty  fingers  on  books  etc; 
snd'dri  mucus,  snot,  snivel  S.g,]  dri-ma 
yzum  the  three  impurities,  excrement,  urine, 
sweat;  but  sometimes  more  are  enumerated; 
frq.  fig.:  nyes-paiy  nyon-mdhs-paiy  Ma-na- 
ma-fd'bai  dri-ma;  dri-m^  kun  zad-nas 
after  all  impurities  have  been  put  off  DzL] 
dri'Cu  1.  urine,  ^ddr-ba  to  urinate  Glr.; 
res'^a  rah-byun-gi  dri-hi  sten  sometimes 
(in  my  extremity)  I  had  recourse  to  my 
own  water  Mil.  —  2.  v.  sub  dri.  —  dri- 
lin  feces  of  the  intestinal  canal.  —  dri- 
ma -can  dirty,  sluttish,  as  to  dress;  dri- 
ma-m^d'pa  clean,  cleanly.  —  2.  for  dkri- 
ma,  V.  dkri'ba.SiC.^j^  k}(iM}^*Jf  &fip.Z 
^[^-  drih  Cs.  =  ^drin  kindness,  favour;  yet, 
"^  y^an  drih  mi  jog  Lex.,  yzdn-gyis 
drin  -  la  mi  ^og  -  Hh  rah  -  gi  cos  zugs-so 
Dom.  ?  One  dictionary  renders  it  by  nwra, 
knowledge;  certainty,  faith,  confidence 
^^  dririy  resp.  bka-drin,  rarely  sku-drin 
^  '  Glr.,  kindness,  favour,  grace,  bld-mai 
drin-gyis  by  the  grace  of  my  Lama,  of 
my  spiritual  father,  of  my  patron  saint 
Mil. ;  in  addressing  a  person,  kyed  (or  kyod}- 
kyi  bka-drin-gyis  is  gen.  used;  mai  drin 
benefits  conferred  by  a  mother  Thgy.;  drin- 
can,  drin-^  kind,  gracious,  benevolent; 
benefactor,  drin  -  dan  pa  -  md,  the  parents, 
these  benefactors;  drin-dan  mdr-pay  Marpa 


'^^^'N'oJ^i    '^■utuK   /    i^-\      A. 


iVv-^-v  r^A.^^  c*sJ 


263 


5'  d^^ 


fall  of  grace  (Milaraspa's  Lama);  tse  ^di^ 
la  drin  ce^hos  rdn-gi  ma  yin  the  greatest 
benefactress  for  this  life  is  one's  own 
mother;  bddAa  bka-drin  ci-ba  lags-so  this 
turned  out  the  greatest  benefit  for  Tibet 
Olr.;  a-ma  drin-chi  kindest  mother!  (says 
a  king  to  a  wonder-working  female  saint) 
Pth.;  drin  drdn-^a  as  a  vb.,  to  acknowledge 
a  kindness,  to  feel  obliged;  as  a  sbst.  thank- 
fulness, gratitude  Thgy.\  /n/dd-h/i  drin  rtdg- 
tu  drdn-pas  as  I  shall  always  feel  greatly 
obliged  to  you  DzL;  dei  bka-drin  drdn- 
bin  full  of  thankfulness  towards  him  DzL; 
drin  fyM'pa  unmindful  of  obligations; 
drin  yzd^a^  drin-du  yzo-ha^  drin-ldn  glAn- 
pa^  drin-ldn  bsdb-pa^  W.  *din-z6  tan -be* 
to  return  benefits,  to  show  one's  self  grate- 
ful; drin  fzd-ztn  Ian  byao  you  shall  not 
have  done  it  for  nothing  DzL ;  drin  -  Idn- 
(iu  as  a  gift  made  in  return,  a  return- 
present. 

Eq'^Q^'  (drib-hil)  *dtb-sil^^  a  coriupt  form 
*^       '       for  dril-bu  /s?7,  Lrf.,  =  yyir-Ua. 
^5|-  drim  (spelling?)  stump,  frunk,  of  a  tree 
"^     or  plant,  deprived  of  top  and  branches 
U.  — 

driu  V.  dre. 

^Qt-  dril^  gen.  dril-bu,  bell;  dril  »r6g-pa 
"^  to  ring  the  bell;  to  publish  by  ringing 
a  bell;  dril-lbe  the  tongue  of  a  bell,  the 
clapper;  dril-yzugs  the  body  of  a  bell  Cs., 
Glr,;  dril-8grd,the  voice  or  sound  of  a  bell, 
peal  of  bells;  dril-Uaii  bell-tower,  belfry; 
dril  -  st^gs  the  frame  of  timber,  on  which 
bells  are  suspended.        ?  .^  i 

^^  dril-ba  y.  jdrU-ba. 


S^r^  dris-pa  V.  Jbn-ba. 

r-q*'  drii'bu  =  gru-bu,  grii  -  gu,  a  clue  or 
No  bail,  of  wool  etc. 
rqr  drug  num.  six,  dritg  -  pa,  dritg-po  cf. 
^  '  dgu\  yi-ge  driig-pa  or  -^xa  the  prayer 
of  the  six  letters,  the  OmmanipadraehQm, 
GZr. ;  driig-bu  sixty ;  dHig-bu-rUa-ybig  (  W, 
*dug-bu-re-a^),  or  re-ybig,  sixty  one; 
drug-brgyd  six  hundred;  drug-stdh  six 
thousand;  drtig-bu-skdr  a  cycle  of  sixty 


yeai-s.  —  driig-sgra  the  so-called  article, 
presenting  itself  in  the  following  six  forms: 
pa,  bay  may  pOy  bo^  two. 
rqrsm^-  ^m^^x;  dimg-dkdr,  drug- 
4  '  '  '  '  -^  '  »  dmdvy  two  sorts  of 
turkoise  Cs. 

r^-  drun  the  space  near,  and  esp.  before 
No  a  person  or  thing,  po-brdn-gi  drun 
gdh-na-ba  der  ^dug-nas  alighting  on  the 
place  before  the  palace  i>^.  :?V,  3 ;  gen. 
with  nay  duy  nas.  1.  adv.  near  to,  near  by, 
to  or  at  the  side  of,  before,  to,  off  from; 
dric/i-du  rtdg-pa  to  examine  personally, 
face  to  face,  orally  Z)^/.;  dricn-du  Qgro-ba 
to  go  near  or  up  to.  2.  postp.  c.  genit. 
(less  corr.  c.  accus.),  Mn-gi  dtiin-na  near, 
or  under  the  tree,  driih-du id.;  to  or  towards 
the  tree;  dritn-nas  away  from  (the  tree); 
rgydl-poi  driiA-du  to  the  king,  before,  in 
presence  of  (coram)  the  king;  driin-pa^ 
resp.  sku-driin-pay  one  standing  near,  a 
waiting  man,  a  page  in  ordinary  Cs.  —  dtiin- 
JiOr  train,  retinue.  —  driin-ynas-pa  com- 
panion, associate.  —  driin-yig^-pd)  secretary. 
—  drim-Jso-ba  private  physician,  physician 
in  ordinary  Cs,  When  preceded  by  }^abs 
it  becomes  a  respectful  term,  e.g.  in  the 
direction  of  a  letter,  where  it  stands  for 
our  *to'  tlit.  'to  the  feet  oiKK'). 
^cSf  ^^^'-P^  1.  prudent,  sensible,  judicious, 
^  wise  Mil,y  in  conjunction  with  ybdii- 
po\  so  also  IHh.  yban  -  di^h-ldan  -  pa.  — 
2.  sincere,  candid  C.  —  3.  diligent? 

^C5^'  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^f  ^^^^  occurrence;  drum 

^         {-nas)pyun  exterminated,  destroyed 

root  and  branch,  Le^. 

rrj^n'  drum-pa  clarified,  dear  ( s. ;  bies- 

Ni»  druhs  resp.  for  caw,  beer,  Ts. 

r2-»  drud  1.  V.  ^drud-pa.  —  2.  drud-drvd 

^  pelican  iScA. 

5^'^'  dt^b^a  V.  ^drub-pa, 

r^'n-  driim-pa  to  have  a  strong  desire,  to 
^        long,  languish,  pine,  for,  Sch. 
5^"SI'  drus-ma  millet  Sch. 

No 

^-  dre  Ts.,  dreu  Lex,^  diu  Lh.^  drel  Glr.y 
*^  mule,  dr^Oy  p6-dre  he -mule,  dri-7no^ 
mo-dre  she-mule. 


~b' 


o 


264 


§-2f  drUo 


§^Cr  drds-pa 


^•Jr  dri-bo  Lt.^  dri  -  mo  Mng,^  *(Ie  -  man* 
^       W,,  elbow. 

^qr-jpt-  drig-pa,  drigs-pa  1.  any  dirt  that 
"^  '  is  removed  by  scraping,  whereas 
dri-ma  is  washed  oflF;  more  particularly: 

—  2.  soot,  which  is  also  used  as  a  medicine 
Wdn,\  K'uh'dreg  id. ;  sgrdnnireg  lamp-black; 
sldrl'dreg  soot  on  a  kettle;  Icdgs-dreg  v. 
Icags;  fdl-dreg,  rd6-di*eg  Med.f  —  sd-dreg 
tartar  incrusting  the  teeth  Med.  —  dreg- 
bdl  flakes  of  soot.  —  dreg-ndd  gout;  dreg- 
gram  id. 

rqi^n*  dr^gs'pa  1.  pride,  haughtiness,  ar- 
*^  '  rogance,  Uen-d^gs  id.;  dregs -pa 

wya?w5  pride  is  put  down,  humbled;  dr^gs- 
pa  skydn-ba  to  lay  aside,  to  put  oflF  pride; 
nor-gyts  dregs  purse-proud  Lea.  —  2.  proud, 
haughty,  arrogant,  =  drigs-pa-ban\  drigs-pa 
(-can  fams-ddd  the  great,  the  proud,  the 
people  of  high  rank,  the  great  ones  of 
this  world  Pth.;  in  the  world  of  spirits, 
with  or  -wiihoat bgegs:  the  powerful  demons. 

—  3.  as  a  vb.:  rd-fsas  dregs  fs^  when  the 
sexual  impulse  is  strong  Med. 

^ff-  dred  \Zam.  ^rc^)  hyena,  which  name 
"^  '  has  prob.  been  "transferred  by  the  in- 
habitants of  the  mountainous  districts  to 
the  dred^  an  animal  better  known  to  them) 
the  yellow  bear;  mi-dred  a  bear  that  devours 
men  Mil, ;  pyugs-dred  a  bear  destructive  to 
cattle;  dredr-po  he-bear,  dred-mo  she-bear. 

—  dred-fsdn  a  bear's  den.  —  dred-sm-sin 
hazel-nut  tree  Sch, 

^-.g|:'  dred-po  1.  Sch.:  ^evasive,  lazy',  yet 

■^  '        cos-mid  drid'po  zol-zdg  yyo-rgyu- 

can?  —  2.  load,  burden,  esp.  a  heavy  load 

6'.,  dred'po  dridrpa  =  Uris-po  grdg-pa^  to 

cord  a  load. 

^-.-j.  drM-ma^  rtsa-drid-ma  Glr.  —  dris- 

"^  '       ma;  ddm-drM-m^a  Mil? 

^Q.     ^^.  dreUy  drely  v.  dre;  dreu-riidg 

^^'  ^      1.  the  mane  of  a  mule.  —  2.  a 

couch,  or  stuffed -seat  6k  —  3.  a  kind  of 

long-haired  cloth. 

^-j,™  dres-mu   1.  C.  a  kind  of  grass,   of 

*^  which  ropes  and   shoes  (of  great 

durability)  are  made;  Glr.  drid-ma;  dris- 

mai  ge-sdr  S.g.  the  filaments  of  dris-ma; 


dres-Jbru  Cs.y  dres-Jbrum  S.g.  the  seeds  of 
drh-ma.  —  2.  W,  Iris  karaaonensis. 
r^  dro  (cf.  dro-ba),  1.  the  hot  time  of  the 
^  day,  from  about  9  o'cl.  a.  m.  till  3  o'cl. 
p.  m. ;  drd-la  bdb-nas  when  this  time  arrived 
DzL;  srid-dro  the  morning,  pyi-dro  1.  the 
later  part  of  the  afternoon,  2.  W:  *pi-ro* 
evening,  night.  —  2.  a  meal  taken  about 
noon,  lunch;  dro  i^6-pa  to  lunch;  dro-Ug 
a  sheep  intended  to  be  eaten  for  a  luncheon; 
dro-sd  meat  intended  for  such  a  purpose. 
5j^  drd-ba  1.  to  be  warm,  v.  dr6s-pa;  gen. 
"^  adj.  warm,  drd-baiynas  a  warm  place; 
drd-bar  ^ynr-ba  to  grow  warm.  —  2. 
warmth  (bdg-dro  v.  sub  wr). 
rqi^'  drogs  Sch. :  'packed  up,  made  up  into 


puck  or  parcel'. 

'  dron{s)  v.  ^dren-pa. 


^-^-  drdn  -  ma  a  large  basket  or  dosser, 
'  provided  with  a  lid,  and  carried  on 

the  back.  Hind.  TTTfTTT* 
rr*  df'od  1.  warmth,  heat,  e.g.  of  the  sun; 
"^  '  drod-ysir  warmth  and  moisture;  drod- 
hyi  sin  a  tropical  tree  Wdii.;  me-drod  1.  the 
heat  of  the  fire  Lt  2.  prob.  animal  heat, 
perh.  because  it  is  supposed  to  arise  from 
a  union  of  the  fiery  element  with  a  germ 
originated  by  conception.  —  2.  Afa  -  drod 
zun  ybig  a  small  piece  of  food,  —  Ua-zdSy 
and  prob.  incorrect  for  Ka-brdd  enjoyment 
of  the  mouth.  —  Idm-la  drod  fdb-pa  Mil. 
was  explained:  to  have  a  cheerful  mind, 
free  from  doubts  and  apprehensions  on  the 
way  (to  heaven),  drod,  therefore,  seems 
to  stand  here  for  brod.  —  drod-rtags^  Mil.^ 
was  explained  as  being  new  knowledge, 
new  "perceptions,  as  a  fruit  of  long  medi- 
tation; one  Lex.  has  drdd  -  rig-pa  =  j(ll(X( 
experienced  or  well-versed  in  measure. 
S^'3^'  drdn-7no  col.  warm,  zan-dr6n  warm 

^'  food.     ^\^'^      u^a^w^'T  l>^^^^aZ^ 


^T  drol  V.  ^drol-ba, 


z:^ 


<xo<^J«^^*- 


t 


c^  dros,  Sch.  =  dro;  dros-<SSn  noon,  mid- 
*^       day,  dros^^n  forenoon  (?). 
sSi^'q-  drds-pa,  pf.  of  drd-ba,  heated,  grown 
*^  warm,  esp.  of  the  ground  by  the 


265 


^'5^1^  dha-mdn 

heat  of  the  sod,  of  men,  by  warm  clothing; 
dros  son  the  ground  has  grown  warm,  the 
snow  is  beginning  to  molt;  drds-na  when 
it  is  getting  warm;  di  gin-na  dros  lags 
if  you  put  that  on,  you  will  be  warm  Mil. ; 
^  ybUf  drds-pai  gos  warm  clothing  for 
one  period  of  existence  MIL  —  ma-drds- 
pa  n.  of  the  Manasarowara  or  lake  of 
Mapam  in  Nari.  The  Hindoos  describe  it 
as  something  like  a  northern  ocean,  in- 
habited by  Nagas  (v.  klu)^  and  the  Tibetans 
in  good  faith  repeat  such  fables,  at  least 
in  their  literature,  although  they  know 
better. 

^•$1(3^  dha^dn  Ld^-Glr.  Schl.  fol.  17,  b., 
^         V.  IdcMndn. 

r-g^  dku-ti^  (^fii  a  shaker,  agitator?)  a 
K  ^  word  of  more  recent  mystical  physio- 
>o  logy,  ^the  middle  vein',  =  dbuma  (cf. 
ytuDi-po  and  fig-le)  Thgr.^  M/.,  Wdn.  The 
Lamas  consulted  by  me  asserted,  not  quite 
in  accordance  with  books,  dhurti  to  denote 
a  kind  of  rluh  in  the  body  (which  would 
agree  with  v^to  blow,  and  with  nvBvfia\ 
a  vital  power  closely  connected  with  the 
soul,  supporting  it  during  lifetime,  and 
leaving  it  only  when  separated  by  death. 
This  would  be  a  new  or  second  signification 
of  dhu-ti,  although  I  cannot  vouch  for  the 
correctness  of  the  above  statement,  nor  am 
I  able  to  decide,  whether  dhu-ti  and  o- 
bar4huti  are  quite  the  same.  —  a-ba-dhuti' 
pa  Tar.  187,  8  is  a  proper  name,  Schf. 
^q*  dhe-la,  Hind.  ^^,  haK  a  paisa,  the 
c       smallest  coin,  equal  to  the  tenth  part 

of  a  penny,  W. 
rncrn/^-  Y^l^)  1-  f"*   ^^  ^dogs-pa.  — 

'  ^  '^   ^  2.  ydags  the  light,  day  6«.,  opp. 
to  srihs.  —  3.  in  Stg.  yddgs-pa  occurs  frq. 
as  a  translation  of  Tfjfj  wisdom. 
mrr*    »r'  ydan,  rdan  (Idan?)  1.  dothes- 

'^  '  ^  stand,  rack  or  rail  for  hanging 
up  clothes,  yddn-la  gos  ^dzdr-ba,  ^d-ba; 
ydm-bu  1.  peg  or  nail,  for  the  same  purpose. 
2.  skca-kyi  ydan{-bu)  Lea:.,  *h'al'ddn*-  FT., 
step  of  a  ladder.  —  2.  col.  for  ydeh. 
rnc^w  yddn-ba,  yddns-pa,  to  open  wide, 
mouth  and  nostrils,  to  gape  B,  and 


^0:sr  ydd^ba 


col. ;  yddn-pai  k'iv-kdl  an  angry  face  with 
the  mouth  wide  opened  Glr. 
m^C^  /'c^o/is  1.  music,  harmony,  melody,  = 
'  dhyans^  snyags^  also  yda/is-snyan] 
ydans  byM-pa  to  make  music  C.  —  2.  resp. 
for  dprdl'ba  forehead  Cs. 
m^r^T'Zy'  yddAs-pa  1 .  v.  yddii-ba.  2.  resp. 

'  one  recovering  from  illness,  con- 

valescent, with  snyun,  bsnyun-ba  Lea:. ;  *ra 
dan*  W.  he  has  recovered  from  his  drunken 
fit,  has  become  sober  again. 
^\K^  y^^^^y   ^RT^R,  resp.  bzugs-ydun  W., 

'  ^  '  a  bolster,  or  seat  composed  of  several 
quilts  or  cushions,  put  one  upon  the  other 
(five  for  common  people,  nine  for  people  of 
quality),  cf.  Jbol;  ydan-lcri  a  throne  Glr,; 
ydavr-rdbs  a  succession  of  teachers  Tar.  1 99, 4. 
The  word  is  much  used  in  polite  expressions: 
ydan  jJegs-pa  to  take  leave,  to  withdraw,  to 
depart;  yddn-sa  i.  place  of  residence,  bla- 
mai  Mil. ;  dga  -  ston  -  gyi  place  of  a  festival 
Gir.  2.  situation,  position,  rank,  nif..  Mil.; 
yddn-^dren-pa  to  invite,  =  spydn-^dren-pa^ 
to  appoint,  to  nominate,  dpon-du  a  chief,  a 
leader  Gfo\;  to  go  to  meet  G&*.;  ^dan-su- 
c^  W^.  id.;  ^dan-kyaUbe*  W.  to  accompany, 
as  a  mark  of  attention ;  dan-peb-pa  to  arrive 
Sch. 
^^^'^'  yddb-pa^  fut.  of  ^debs-pa. 

qiM'TTr  yddm-ka  W.,  ydam-na  Lea:.^  choice, 
'^       '  election,  *ddm-ka  bd-te*  W.  to 
choose,  to  elect;  yddm-na  by4d-pa  I.£x.  id. 
CTr^'H"  yddm-pay  fut.  of  ^ddms-puy  yddms- 
'  '  pa,   pf.  of  ^ddms'pay  to  advise, 

rgydl-po-la  yddmrpai  mdo  adviser  of  kings, 
a  mirror  for  sovereigns  Thgy.;  yddrm-pa 
sbst.  advice,  counsel,  doctrine,  precept,  yddms' 
Tidg,  W,  *yddm8'ka,  yddms-Ua*  (cf.  kd-ta, 
kd'lta),  resp.  ial-yddmSy  bka- yddms  id.; 
yddms-pa  Hg  lu  we  ask  for  some  advice 
Glr.;  pan -pa  yddms -pa  a  good  advice; 
yduTns-ndg  ston-pa  Le*r.,  ^ddm-ka,  or  kd- 
ta  tdn-be*  W.  to  give  an  advice,  to  advise; 
ydams-ndg  ^ddms-pai  fsig  the  imperative 
mood,  expressing  command  or  exhortation 
Gram. 

cnrn-q-  ydd'ba^  eleg.  for  ^dug-pa  B.  and 
''"      Khamsy  1.  to  be,  to  be  there,  du 

11* 


.266 


Pj^q-q-  yddUa 


tV'^ 


yda  how  many  arc  there  here  ?  Zam. ;  sgyur- 
gin  yda  Glr.;  rtdg-tu  ydao  he  or  it  may 
be  discerned,  distinguished  DzL\  pyin-nas 
yda  he  had  arrived  Mil, ;  no  other  negative 
than  mi  can  precede  it:  Mbs-mfU-  la  hi 
rSg-pa  tsdm-las  mi  yda  the  water  did  not 
reach  above  the  soles  of  the  shoes  Mil.  — ^ 
2.  with  par  it  expresses  uncertainty,  vague- 
ness, y^^gs  -  pa?*  yda  he  may  possibly  go, 
Pth. ;  ^di  yirwpa  (col.  iorpar)  yda  he  seems 
to  be  this  (man)  Pth, ;  cf .  ^dug-pa,  —  3.  to 
say,  cf.  mt^ba. 
^Vsf^''q^  yddl'ba  another  form  for  rdal-ba, 

qSb^n'  ydin-ba  another  form  for  ^din-ba; 

'  ^  also  sbst. :   ydin  -  ba  dan  bgo  -  ba 

carpets  and  clothes,  i.e.  all  sorts  of  textures, 
%. 
mc'fl*  ydu'ba  1.  another  form  for  sdu-ba 

'^      to  gather,  to  collect  2.  another  form 
for  ydun-baQ)  Sch.:  to  love;  cf.  myed-la 
ydu  2jam, 
mr^  ydu'bu  Glr. ,  ydii-^  Glr. ,  ydiib-bu 

Q^  the  usual  form,  ring  for  the  wrist, 
bracelet,  or  for  the  ankle,  an  ornament  of 
Hindoo  women;  lag  (resp.  pyag^-ydub 
bracelet;  rkan  (resp.  hahsyydub  foot-ring; 
s&r  (col.  8€r)'ydub  finger-ring  Glr.\  yser- 
ydub  gold-ring,  dntd-ydvh  silver-ring;  ysh*- 
ser-ydub  a  golden  finger-ring;  *tdg^b^  W. 
to  put  on  (a  ring). 
mrOTn*  yd'^'f^  i-  poison  =  dug^  y dug-pa 

'Ni  '  y^ma  Dzl.  =  dtig  ysum;  zds-  su 
ydug-pa  zd-ba  Dom.  —  2.  in  general:  any 
thing  hurtful,  or  any  injury,  mischief,  harm 
done;  as  adj.  noxious,  mischievous,  dangerous, 
ydug-pa-dariy  of  animals,  demons,  vricked 
men;  dug-sbrul  ydug^pa-can  dangerous 
venemous  serpents  Glr,;  dre-srin  ydug-pa 
man  many  mischievous  demons  Glr.'^  ydug- 
pai  bsdm^pa  propensity  to  destroy,  destruC- 
tiveness,  ferocity,  of  beasts  of  prey  Glr,\ 
ydug-pai  nd-ro  wild  screams  MiL\  ydug- 
ruiih  ferocity,  malice,  spite  M7.;  stdr-bu 
ydug-pa  ts^'-ma-dan  buckthorn  with  horrible 
spines  Wdn.;  also  for  mischief  done  by  evil 
spirits  Mil. 
rnrm^  ydugs  I.  resp.  dbu-ydugs  1.  parasol, 

ko  '      umbrella,  B.,  C.  —  2.  canopy,  bal- 


fFCq*  ydunrba 

daohin ;  spyi  -  ydugs  a  covering,  shelter, 
awning,  for  several  persons  Glr.\  ydugz 
Jmbs-pa  to  raise  a  canopy,  to  put  up  a 
shade  or  screen;  of  peacocks:  to  spread 
the  tail. 

II.  eleg.  mid-day,  noon,  sdn-gi  ydugs-la 
for  to-morrow  noonZteZ.;  noon -tide  beat 
(cf.  dugs)y  ydugs-mM  ydin -pa  ydtigs^-kyii 
ydkh^  an  unprotected  face  is  molested  by 
the  heatL&r.;  ydugs-^M  l.noon-tide,  dinner- 
time, 2.  dinner. 

qirc;'  ydun,  resp.  for  rus('pa),  1.  bone, 
Q  bones,  remains,  esp.  as  rUi-sril^  also 
ydun-rits^  sku-ydun;  yser-ydun^  dfitd-ydun 
the  gold  and  silver  palls  covering  the  re- 
mains of  the  highest  Lamas.  —  2.  family, 
lineage,  progeny,  descendants,  rigs  ni  rgyal- 
rig^-so^ydan-nigatfr-ta  mxio  as  to  caste,  he  be- 
longs to  that  of  the  ruler,  as  to  family,  he  is  a 
descendant  ofGotama;  also  fig.:  sahs-rgyas- 
kyi  ydun  Dzl.  the  spiritual  children  of  Bud- 
dha, the  saints;  ydun-brgyud  yod  the  house, 
thefamily,  is  still  existing  6/r.;;'dww(6rpymO 
^dzin-pai  sras  a  first-bom  male,  by  whom 
the  lineage  may  be  continued,  frq.;  also 
for  any  single  descendant  Glr.  —  ydun- 
sgrdm  Sch.  coffin,  Schr.  funeral  urn.  — y(htn- 
riM  funeral  pyramid  containing  relics,  cf. 
mlod-rten.  —  ydun-rabs  generation,  nd-7ua 
ydun-rdbs  Ind-pa-la  in  the  fifth  degree  after 
me  Glr, 

q.---.— •  ydun-ba^  y duns-pa  I.  vh,  1.  to  desire, 
Q  to  long  for,  zds-la^  Ud-la,  Glr.  and 
elsewh.;  *dun  dun  hd-be*  W.  id.  —  2.  to 
love,  Un-fu  ydun-bai  ma  yhig  my  own  dearly 
beloved  mother!  cf.  brtse-ydun,  —  3.  to 
feel  pain,  to  be  pained,  tormented,  afflicted, 
by  heat  or  cold,  thirst,  lust,  distress;  *nyin 
dun-te*  W,  sad,  sorrowful;  ydun-bar  byidr 
pa  to  make  sad,  to  distress,  yzdn-gyi  sems- 
lay  the  mind  of  others.  —  4.  to  be  dried, 
nyi-4nas  by  the  sun,  of  a  dead  body  Dd, 

II.  sbst.  1.  desire,  longing,  lust,  ydun- 
ba  zi  (sensual)  desire  ceases  Stg,  —  2.  love, 
mos-gus-ydun-ba  dpag-m4d  skye  immense 
veneration  and  love  arises  Glr.  —  3.  affHction, 
misery,  distress,  torment,  pang,  ydun-bai  skad 
a  plaintive  voice,  doleful  cry  Glr. 


•ma 


TO'ST  ydU 


111,  adj.  1.  longed  for,  earnestly  desired 
—  2.  beloved,  v.  above.  —  3.  grieved,  tor- 
mented frq. ;  yduh-dbydns  a  song  expressive 
of  longing  or  of  grief,  an  elegy  Milr^  yduh- 
shns  love-longing  J?.,  and  col.;  *a-ma-la 
dun-sem-dan  ^dug*  W.  he  tenderly  loves 
his  mother. 
2nrr"3;r  ydiin-ma  beam,  piece  of  timber, 

ki  md-ydun  principal  beam,  bur-ydun 

cross-beam;  ydun-Uibs  beams  projecting 
over  the  capital  of  a  column  Glr,  —  ydun- 
8grig  a  raft  Ld,  —  yduti-^dibs  S.g.  pedestal, 
base(?)  —  ydun-zdm  a  bridge  of  timber 
or  of  poles.  —  ydun-Un  Sik,  fir-tree  (Pinus 
abies). 
mrr -CT  ydud-pa  love,  longing  Sch^  cf.  ydu- 

Q?        ba. 

CKq^g*  ydub'bu  v.  ydu-hu, 

mryiv  ydub'paStg,\   zds-la,  adj.,  frugal, 
Q>        temperate? 

TO^^Sf)  ydum^-po)  a  piece  Sch,^  —  dum. 
^QJ'  ydtd  V.  Jkd-ba. 
^IfK^'  ydiis  V.  ydu-ba. 

^^  ydeg  v.  ^d^gs-pa. 

m^^-  /cfe/s  confidence,  assurance,  cheerfulness 
'  '  Mil.  very  frq.;  yden  fdb-pa  to  be- 
come confident,  to  take  courage,  to  be  re- 
assured ;  JH-Ue  yden  bian  med  when  dying, 
he  has  no  confident  hope  Mil,;  mi-^igs- 
j>ai  yden  a  strong  confidence  Mil,^  Thgr, ; 
yden-fydd  id.,  de-rin  tsam  yah  sddd-pai 
yden  -  ^dd  ma  m^  -  pas  not  being  sure 
whether  his  life  will  be  spared  for  one 
day  more;  Jci-irdd  ydeh-fsdd  med  without 
confidence,  without  any  readiness  to  die 
MU,;  bh-ydeh  Mil,  and  col.  ^  yden, 
m^r'n*  ydeh-ba^  pf.  ydeits^  Cs,  to  threaten, 
^  to  menace;  Sch,  to  brandish  in  a 
menacing  way,  mfson-yden  brandishing  a 
weapon  Lea,;  I  also  met  with:  lag  yden-ba 
Glr.  to  raise  and  move  one's  hand  (in  a 
suppliant  manner),  cf.  ddn-ba  II.,  and:  bya 
yhg  ydSh-pa  a  bird  with  its  wings  raised 
and  spread  Ma, 


^^'  ydon 


267 


m?[^^m-  ydShs-ka  head  and  neck  of  a  ser- 

'  '  '    pent,  sbrtd-gyi  Glr, 

z^ri^ZV  ydem  -pa  1.  v.  ydM  -  6a,  2.  = 

'  '  yderi  (?)  ^ddn-pa-ban*  W.^U'deri- 

pa*  6'.,  deserving  or  enjoying  confidence;  faith- 
ful, trusty,  of  servants,  husbands,  wives  etc. 
CT^Yd'^  ydon^-pd),  resp.  zaUydon^  1.  face, 

'  '  countenance,  ydoh  sky  a  a  pale 

face  Lt,\  ydon-dmar  bod-yul  the  country 
of  the  red-faced  (more  accuratelj':  brown- 
faced)  Tibetans  Pthr^  ydori-ndg^j-po)  1.  a 
black  face;  2.  a  frowning  countenance;  ydon- 
iiih  dejected,  disheartened,  Urel-m^d  ydoh- 
luh  mi  byedrpar  impudent  and  saucy  GIt,\ 
^doh'h'dn  tdn-be*  TT.,  *doh'^a'nr'te  M-wa* 
Kun,,  to  be  forward,  bold,  brazen-faced; 
pdg-gi  yddh-pa  pig's  face,  pig's  head 
Sambh,;  ydoh-bU-pa  Brahma  ('the  four- 
faced').  —  2.  surface,  superficies,  sa-yiii; 
fore-part,  front-part,  ddh-la  adv.  in  front,  in 
advance  e.g.  to  go  C. ;  ydoh-ytdd^  Ld, :  don- 
stdd  just  opposite;  ydon{-lay^ded^a  to  push 
or  press  forward,  to  urge  on  (a  donkey,  a 
coward  to  the  fight),  to  haul  (a  culprit 
before  the  judge);  sndn-ba ydoh-ded^pa  to 
pursue  one's  course  regardless  of  others 
(both  in  a  good  and  in  a  bad  sense)  Mil, ; 
ydon-pyis  handkerchief  Sch,;  *  don-si^  W, 
complexion,  gyur  son  he  has  changed  colour; 
to  fug-pa  and  bsu-ba  it  is  joined  pleon.; 
ydoh'lhdgs  is  stated  ^to^imply  the  same  as 

qfijr  w  yddd-ma  =  yzddr^ina,  the  beginning,     '       / 

'  '  '  yddd  -  Tnai  dus;  yddd  -  mar  in  the 
beginning,  at  first  Mil, ;  yddd-kyi^s)  first,  at 
first,  previously,  before  Mil, ;  yddd^-maynas 
from  the  beginning;  ydod-nas  dag -pa  of 
primitive  purity  Mil  and  elsewh.;  da^-yddd 
Lex,  prob.  =  dar-yzdd. 

CTrJ-  ydon  (inj)  evil  spirit,  demon,  causing 
'  '  ^  diseases  etc.,  steh  ^og-gi  superior  and 
inferior  (spirits),  Rahu  e.g.  is  sthi-gi  ydon, 
an  evil  spirit  of  the  atrial  or  heavenly 
regions;  sf^ii-ydon-gyis  ^ci-ba  Glr.-=yzas 
pdg-pa  to  die  of  epilepsy  (W.?),  or  of 
apoplexy  {Sch,)\  ydon-}^  bbo-lhd,  or  bbo- 
brgyddy  frq. ;  yd&n  -  gyis  brldms  -  pa  Lt, 
brldbs^a  Sch,,  infatuated  or  possessed  by 


268 


PpS'^'  ^don-pa 


some  evil  spirit;  ydon  J'iig^a  the  entering 
of  a  demon  into  a  person;  yddn-mi-za-ba 
certainty,  surety;  de  byun-ba-la  or  de  byun- 
bar  ydon  mi  za  there  is  no  doubt  of  such 
a  thing  having  happened;  gen.  adv.:  yddn- 
mi-za^ar  undoubtedly,  indubitably,  ydon- 
mi'Jsal-bar  Dzl.  id. 

^|nS'^'  ydon-pa  Cs.  fut.  oi  ^don-pa. 

qeoj-q-  yddl'pa,  Lea^a;.  =  H^s-ndn,  ^r^lW, 
'  an  outcast,  a  man  of  the  lowest 

and  most  despised  caste,  still  below  the 
dman-ings.  The  Tibetan  word  for  this  caste 
was  perh.  originally  ddl-pa  fisherman,  and 
has  afterwards  been  transferred  to  all  per- 
sons that  gain  their  livelihood  by  the  kill- 
ing of  animals,  and  consequently  are  de- 
spised as  professional  sinners. 
m«j'  y^^  ^'  fetter,  chain;  ydos-fdg  fetter 
'  ^  in  a  fig.  sense,  bondage,  Thffy,  — 
2.  material  existence  (?;,  matter  (?),  ydos-bcds^ 
(b)rdos-bbds,  material,  corporeal,  ydos-btds- 
kj/i  lti8  Thgr.y  frq.;  ydos-bhas-su  grub-pa 
med  (these  things)  are  nothing  material, 
they  have  no  substance  Tkffr,;  ydos-ntM 
immaterial,  unsubstantial;  7-^/^8-^  c^-ba  seems 
to  be  the  same  as  ydos-bcas^  and  perh.  also 
ydos-pa  ^dzin  Lea.  —  3.  ydos  brgydb-pa  C. 
for  W,  */ca  kun  gydb-de*^  v.  rkun-ma, 
^S(i^'^^' ydds-pa  \.=ydosQ)  —  2.  Cs,  mast, 
'  '  sail-yard;  ace.  to  Lexx.  something 
pertaining  to  a  ship;  ydds-bu  oar  Sch. 
nrqr  bdag  1 .  self,  na  bdag  for  na  nyid  Dzl. 
'  '  V©,  14;  gen.  in  the  objective  case: 
myself,  thyself,  one's  self ;  bdag  ston  y^an  smad 
to  praise  one's  self,  to  blame  others ;  bdag 
sruH'ba  to  devote  one's  self  to  solitary  con- 
templation; or  as  a  genit. :  bddg-gt  one's 
own,  my,  mine;  bddg-gi  sems-la  smad  he 
reproved  himself  DzL;  bddg-tu  ^dzin-pa; 
bdag-^dzin  the  clinging  to  the  I,  the  at- 
tachment to  one's  own  self,  egotism,  frq.; 
bdag  dan  bdag-gir  ^dzin-pa  attachment  to 
the  I  and  mine  S.O.;  bddg-tu  Itd-ba  prob. 
id..  Tar.  35, 18,  Schf. :  Atmaka-theory,  bdag- 
vied-pai  cos  Tar.  36, 1  the  Anatmaka,  the 
contrary;  bdag  -  mc^d  rndm  -  pa  ynxjis  are 
mentioned  in   Tligy.^  prob.  =  gdh  -  zdg  -gi 


fi|^q[  hdag 

bdag-m^d^  and  ^ds-kyi  bdag-midMU.  c.  XII.; 
bddggir  med  S.O.;  bdag-mM  ulti«iately 
coincides  with  ston-pa-m/id^  Bum,  I.,  462 
med.  In  common  life,  bdag -med  is  also 
used  for  another,  *dag-mM-kyi  mi^  id.; 
*dag-midrla  ma  tan^  do  not  give  it  to  an- 
other; bdag-yzan  I  and  others,  one's  self 
and  others;  bdag-nyid  1.  «=  bdag  I  myseK, 
thou  thyself,  he  himself,  bdag-nyidr-la  ysdn- 
big  listen  to  me!  Pth.;  rgydlrpo  bdag-nyid 
the  king  himself  Dzl. ;  Ma-tig  ni  bdag-nyid 
rdb  -  tu  Jbyun  -  bar  ysol  some  ask  for  the 
permission  of  becoming  priests  themselves 
Dzl. ;  bdag-nyid  Jba-zig  only  for  their  own 
persons  Thgy.  2.  sbst  the  thing  itself,  the 
substance,  the  essence,  byan-hA-s^ns-kyi 
bdag-nyid  yin  I  am  the  essence  of  bodhi, 
the  personified  bodhi,  says  Mil.\  figs-ryei 
bda>g-nyid  dkon-mcog-ysum  o  grace  personi- 
fied, Triratna!  6fo\;the  Ommanipadmeham 
is  sans-rgyds  fams-cdd-kyi  dgdns-pa  fams- 
cdd  ybg-tu  bsdm-pai  bdag-nyid  Glr.^  i  e. 
the  sum  and  substance  of  all  the  sentences 
of  all  the  Buddhas  concentrated  in  one 
word;  bdag-nyid-^en-po^  Z^-bai  bdag-nyid 
=  rdzdgs  -  pat  sans  -  rgyds  chief  Buddha, 
Sakyathubpa,  S.O.  —  2.  sbst.  pronoun,  first 
person,  I,  eleg.,  expressing  modesty  and 
respect  to  the  hearer  or  reader,  without 
amounting  to  our  ^my  own  humble  self, 
V.  prdn-bu;  plur.  bddg  -  bag,  bdag  -  mams^ 
bdag- dag-mams,  also  in  a  general  sense: 
we  mortals  Thgy. ;  bddg-bag  fson-^a-mams 
we,  these  merchants  here  Dzl.  —  3.  the  I, 
the  ego  =  gdh-zag  Was.  (269).  —  4.  master, 
lord,  for  bddgpo,  v.  below.  —  5.  in  natural 
philosophy  the  element  of  solid  matter;  also 
for  air  Stg.  —  bddg-po  1.  proprietor,  master, 
lord ;  bddg-poi  sgra  the  syllable  pa,  as  de- 
noting the  active  agent,  i.e.  him  that  has 
to  do  with  a  thing,  e.g.  rtd-pa  (not  to  be 
taken  as  ^definite  article'  Cs.^ ;  thus  in  many 
compound  words:  Kdn-bdag,  kyim-bdag eix^; 
f&gs-rjei  bddg-po  lord  of  grace,  Awalokites- 
wara,  Glr.  init.;  supreme  lord,  liege-lord, 
klui  bddg-po  =»  dbdn-po,  rgydl-po;  patron. 
2.  husband,  lord,  spouse;  hence  *a-ma  ddg- 
pOy  or  srin-mo  ddg-po*,  a  vulgar  and  ob- 


269 


scene  word  of  abuse.  —  bdag^-po)  by  id- 
pa  to  reign  over,  to  possess,  prop,  with  Za, 
bat  also  with  accas.  gha  -sd^ca  bdd-kyis 
bdag  byas  Tibet  reigned  over  the  province 
of  Gha;  W.  also:  to  treat  rudely,  to  handle 
roughly ;  bddg  -  tu  byds  -  pai  bud  -  mid  a 
married  woman  Thgy.\  bdag-po-med-pa 
(col.  mUmi)  unowned,  e.g.  of  a  dog,  Pth ; 
foriom,  friendless,  without  a  patron,  a  va- 
gabond; also  for  an  unmarried  woman;  also 
as  an  abusive  word. 

Comp.  bdag-rkyin  (as  yet  not  found  in 
books)  seems  to  denote  kindness,  attention, 
help,  received  from  a  superior,  (yet^  it  would 
seem,  not  without  some  obligation  or  other 
existing  on  the  part  of  the  latter,  and  thus 
the  word  differs  from  bka-drtn),  —  bdag- 
nyid^  bdag-med  v.  above.  —  bdng^zuh  Glr, 
prob.  =  bdag-po,  —  bdag-bsriin  hermit 
qrq'n'  ^«  -  *«  I-  ^^y  resp.  savoury,  well- 

'         tasted,  for  Hm-pa^  C\  col.  *ddn-te*. 

II.  vb.,  pf.  bdas  =  ^d^d-pa^  1.  to  drive, 
to  drive  out,  pyugs  cattle;  to  chase,  to  put 
to  flight  DzL ;  Ids-kyis,  Ids-kyi  rlun-gis  bdds- 
nas  in  consequence  of  works,  of  certain 
actions,  frq.  —  2.  to  carry  away,  along,  or 
off,  to  hurry  off,  cA-bos  bdds-pai  glin  land 
carried  away  by  water  6s.  —  3.  to  call  in, 
collect,  recover,  bk-hn  debts  Dzl  —  4.  to 
reprove,  rebuke,  accuse  Sch;  bda-^ded  byed- 
pa  Lex,,  6i.;  1.  to  drive,  to  carry.  2.  to  exa- 
mine, to  investigate. 

^^^'  bdar  for  bda-bar. 

qcj^^q-  f;^'n'  bdar-ba,  rddr-ba,  to  rub, 
"  '  ^  i.e.  1.  to  file,  to  polish  Glr,, 
to  grind,  to  whet;  bddr-rdo  whet  stoDc,  hone. 
2.  to  rasp,  e.g.  sandal-wood  Glr.-,  to  grind, 
to  pulverize,  pyi-mar  bddr-ba  to  grind  to 
powder,  Lexa,;  Iddgs-bdar  a  file,  sd-bdar 
a  rasp.  —  3.  so  bddr  -  ba  C.  to  gnash  or 
grind  the  teeth;  pyag  bddr-ba  to  sweep  B.; 
byi  and  pyi  bddr-ia  to  dean,  to  polish  DzL 
—  Ma.  io  two  passages :  to  pray  earnestly, 
which  is  the  meaning  required  by  the  con- 
text, confirmed  also  by  several  Lamas.  — 
mdun-du  bddr-ba  Lex, :  ViK^^,  ^  place  in 
front;  to  lead;  to  appoint;  show;  inspect; 


^^  bdun 


prefer;  honour.  —  skyel-bddr  fee  or  reward 
given  to  an  escort  Sch,  —  brddr-sa  Sch,: 
''sims-kyi  brddr-ha  the  nerves,  sinew8'(?); 
bddr-sa  ybdd-pa,  and  rUa-brddr  yddd-pa  to 
examine  closely  Mil,;  ran-gi  s&ms  brdar-m 
^od  C,  take  it  seriously  to  heart. 

q«^q-q'  bddUa  v.  rddl-ba, 

q^CT-q-  bdug-pa  1 .  vb.  pf.  bdugs,  to  fumi- 
N^)  '  gate,  to  bum  incense,  to  swing  the 
censer  Dzl,  —  2.  sbst.  the  burning  of  incense; 
perfume,  frankincense,  more  irq.  bdug-spds, 
bdiig-spdS'kyu  bdiug-pa,  Dzl, ;  bdugspds  /ul 
odours  of  incense  arise  Pth, 

^^C'^'  bduh'ba  v.  rdun-ba, 

qrff'  bdudy  Ssk.  ifp^,  Mong.  simnus,  the 
>],  personified  evil  principle,  the  Evil  One, 
the  Devil,  the  adversary  of  Buddha,  and  he 
that  tempts  men  to  sin,  but  not  like  Satan 
of  the  Bible,  a  fallen  spirit,  nor  like  Ahri man 
of  the  Persians,  an  antagonist  of  Buddha 
of  equal  power  and  influence,  but  merely 
an  evil  genius  of  the  highest  rank,  by  whose 
defeat  Buddha  will  finally  be  the  more  glori- 
fied. He  is  also  identified  with  the  god  of 
love  (Cupid),  tfm;  v.  Kopp.  I.  88.  111.  253. 
In  later  tiroes  he  has  been  split  into  four, 
and  subsequently  into  numerous  devils;  also 
female  devils,  bdud-mo,  are  mentioned.  — 
bdud-i^fsi  (ir^,  ^%rr)  l-  the  drink  of  gods, 
nectar,  frq. ;  fig. :  SoS'kyi  bdM-rtsi  the  nectar 
of  the  doctrine,  and  similar  expressions; 
even  common  beer,  when  drunk  by  a  Lama, 
may  resp.  be  called  so.  —  2.  a  praising 
epithet  of  medicines;  bdudrrtsi-l/ia-lum  a 
bath  prepared  of  a  decoction  of  five  holy 
plants,  viz.  sug-pa,  bd4u,  fse-pdd,  Kdm-pa^ 
md^dm-bu,  —  3.  myrobalan,  Terminalia 
citrina,  Wdn.  —  4.  a  kind  of  brandy  (?)  — 
5.  bdicd-^rtsi-drndr-po  a  demon. 

QK6\  ^^^^*  ^'  seven,  bdun-pa,  bdun-po,  cf. 
^^  dgu;  bdu7i-du  seventy,  bdun-cu-rfsa- 
ydig,  (  W,  *bdun  -cu-  don  -  ycig*)y  don-ycig, 
seventy  one  etc. ;  bdun-brgyd  seven  hundred, 
bdunstdn  seven  thousand  etc.  —  lus-kyi 
bdun-po  the  seven  (principal)  parts  of  the 
body,  viz.  hands,  feet,  shoulders,  and  neck, 


270 


^^^'^  bdur-ba 


R^^  hdSn-pa 


(those  of  holy  men  are  of  a  goodly  size, 
long  and  stately)  Stg.  —  bdan-jyrdg  (f/?- 
do/idg)  seven  days,  a  week,  S.g.  —  *dwn- 
na-tse*  W.  a  child  born  before  the  natural 
time,  a  seven  months'  child. 

^^^'^'  bdur-ba  ScL  to  belong  to  a  class  (?). 

NO 

q^.q-  bde-ba  (>jp^,  ^^)  vb.,  adj.,  sbst,  bd^- 
'  po  adj.  MiLy  U,  (of  rare  occurrence), 
bd^'TTio  adj.,  col.,  esp.  W,,  1.  to  be  happy  or 
well;  happy;  happiness;  mi  bd^-ba  the  con- 
trary  of  bd^-ba;  na  bdi-ste  as  1  am  quite 
hapy)y  DzL\  bdeo  he  is  happy,  prospers, 
flourishes;  bd^-bar  byidpa  to  make  happy; 
bde  -  bar  pyin  -  pa  to  come  to  a  state  of 
happiness,  of  rest,  to  a  place  of  safety ;  bd^.- 
barynda-pato  be  happy,  to  live  in  prosperity; 
bdd'bar  ytdn-ba  to  let  alone,  to  let  another 
be  happy;  Uyod  bde -bar  btan  mi  yon  we 
shall  not  allow  you  to  be  quiet  Mil, ;  in  C, 
col. :  *^o'  d^-mO'la  mi  lag*  id. ;  bde-bar 
gyur-cig,  resp.  bzugs-Mg,  be  happy!  farewell! 
W.  *dA-7no  ?a  ir^*;  bd^-bar  btsd-ba  A,  *<&'- 
mo-la  kyi-b^  MT.,  to  be  safely  delivered  of 
a  child ;  bde-bar  ysegs-pa  he  that  has  entered 
into  eternal  bliss,  the  blessed,  Sch.  (Kopp. 
I,  91  ?)  an  epithet  of  former  Buddhas,  Ssk. 
nfTf ;  lu8  dan  sems  mi-bd^-bar  ^gyur-ba  to 
be  bodily  and  spiritually  afflicted  DzL;  mi- 
bd^-bai  bdg-med-na  fearless  of  adversity 
Dzlr^  mi-bd^'bar  ^gyur-bato  ^LOhe,  of  parts 
of  the  body;  mnal  mi-bd^-bar ^gyur-ba  to 
be  in  travail,  to  suflFer  the  pangs  of  child- 
birth; sems-bdi^  blo-bdA^  snyin-bd^  iAi^ert\Aj 
meiry,  glad;  sin-tu  fugs-m^-bd^-bar  ddm- 
bcas-te  promising  with  a  heavy  heart,  very 
reluctantly  Glr. ;  dga-bdS  v.  dgd-ba  comp. ; 
du8-bdA  {^-mo*  W,)  peace,  a  state  of  peace, 

in  6'.  frq.  in  conjunction  with  zod-^jdgs  or 
sa-jdm\  zt('bai)-bd^-ba)  the  happiness  of 
rest,  a  happy  tranquillity  Glr,;  peace  Thgy.-, 
esp.  the  happiness  of  Nirwana  Thgy.y  Mil ; 
Jig-rten-gyi  bde  -ba^la  cdgs-te  fond  of  a 
worldly  life  of  pleasure  DzL;  bde-ba  dan 
Iddn-pa  happy,  bd^-ba-can  v.  below;  ynas- 
skdbs-kyi  bde-ba  a  happy  situation  Glr,; 
mya-ndn-las  ^dds-pai  bd^-ba  fdb-pa  to  attain 
to  the  happiness  of  Nirwana Z)^:/.;  dus-brtan- 


gyi  bd4-ba-la  bkod  dgos  I  must  help  him  to 
attain  to  eternal  bliss  Mil, ;  pan-bde  v.  paiL 

—  2.  good,  favourable,  suited  to  its  purpose 
.,  .na  bdeo  (  W,  ^di-mo-yin*)  the  best  thbg 
will  be,  if  I . . .  DzL;  *gho  d^-wa  yon*  C, 
so  it  becomes  inteUigible;  good,  well-quali- 
fied, well -adapted,  lea  Ue  bdS-ba  with  good 
organs  of  speech  Pth, ;  smra-bdd-bin  know- 
ing to  speak  well,  well-spoken  Pth,;  nycam- 
rtogs-hyi  snira  Ice  bde  a  tongue  skilled  in 
speaking  wisdom  Pth,;  in  W.  it  is  opp.  to 
rtsog-po:  *lam  de-ma*  the  road  is  good, 
may  be  passed  without  risk.  —  3.  in  W, 
bde  is  also  the  usual  word  for  beautiful, 
more  accurately:  *(l)td'na  de-mo;  ma  de- 
mo* sflendid  indeed!  *dA-mx>  man-na-m^ 
it  is  only  for  show. 

Comp.  bde-skyid  happiness,  felicity,  frq.; 
bdS-^ro  going  to  happiness,  joining  the 
happy  (spirits  in  heaven),  also  bdh'-^j 
opp.  to  ndn-^o;  usually  in  a  general 
sense,  like  our  'heaven';  bd^-^o  mto-ra- 
kyi  his  fob-pa  to  receive  a  heavenly  (glori- 
fied) body.  —  bde-cin  felicity,  consum- 
mate bliss,  frq.  —  bde-m^dg^  jpsf^,  ^7^^ 
a  deity  of  more  recent  Buddhism,  SchL  108; 
Tar,  —  bde-Jdgs  prosperity,  welfare.  — 
bde-8tdn  (ace.  to  a  Lama's  statement  for 
fabs  bd^-ba^  ses-rdb  ston-pa-nyid)^  an  ex- 
pression for  contemplation,  v.  Was,  (144 
and  141).  —  bde-spydd  W,,  *de-€6d*  C.  *de- 
co'*,  col.  euphemism  for  privy.  —  bdi-ba- 
han  ^^nqf^T,  bdS-ba-can-gyi  ztn-Mams  the 
land  of  bliss,  a  sort  of  heaven  or  paradise, 
in  the  far  west,  the  abode  of  Dhyani  Buddha 
Amitubha,  v.  Glr.  chapt.  IV.,  Kopp,  II.,  27. 

—  bde-byid  he  who  or  that  which  makes 
happy  Cs,,  ^^.  -  bde-byun  jpq,  jpm, 
source  of  happiness,  n.  oi  Svwa;  as  symb. 
num.:  11.  —  bde -blag  ease,  content  Gs., 
ace.  to  our  Lama:  quickness,  speed,  ndd- 
pa  bde-bldg-tu  ysds-par  ^yur-bai  mfsati- 
nyid  Wdn.  a  sign  that  the  patient  will  soon 
recover.  —  bde-Ugs  well-being;  ...  to  bde- 
Ugssu  gyur-^  they  shall  recover  from  .. .> 
they  shall  prosper  again  after . . .  Dom. 
n?Tiy'  bdJn-pa^  ^gnif,  I.  vb.  1 .  to  be  true, 

'  '       and  adj.  true,  Myod  z^-ba  bdM-m 


271 


^^S"^'  bden-pa 

whai  you  say  is  true,  you  are  right  DzL; 
bdag-gis  ny^s-pa  hdin-gyis  it  being  true 
that  I  committed  a  fault  DzL ;  d^-bzin^u 
bden  srid  it  might  be  true  after  all  Olr,; 
Hn-iu  yah  bden  to  be  sure,  that  is  true! 
Glr.;  de  bd^Tif-par  nessam  is  it  quite  cer- 
tain that  this  is  true?  Glr.;  ebden  Uds-la 
bden  -  par  Jtug  -na  ,, .  see  whether  it  is 
true,  and  if  it  is,  then . . .  Pth. ;  bddn-par 
jizin^a  to  believe  to  be  true,  to  take  for 
granted  bd^-^dzin  lig-na  the  illusion  being 
destroyed  TA^r.;  ^d^-l^e-ce*  W.  (for  yid- 
^e9^)  to  believe,  to  be  persuaded  of  the 
truth,  frq.;  bden  bden  very  true  indeed! 
certainly;  bden-bdin-mu  prob.  something 
in  which  there  is  much  truth  Tar.  —  2. 
to  be  in  the  right,  to  be  right,  kyed  bod- 
hUm^manns  bden  ye  Tibetan  ambassadors 
are  in  your  full  right  G/r.;  *na  a -sal- la 
din-pa  son*  W.  I  have  evidently  been  right. 
II.  sbst.  1.  truth,  in  the  abstract;  but 
usually:  something  true,  true  words  etc., 
bdM^a  mnrorba  to  tell  or  speak  the  truth ; 
as  adj.:  true,  veracious  Stg,,  {W.  *dM'pa 
zir-Kan*^ ;  mi^den-^dzun  this  is  not  truth 
but  falsehood  Glr.;  bden -pa  mfon-ba  to 
discern,  to  know,  the  truth,  a  degree  of 
Buddhist  perfection  Tar.;  bd&n-pa  ftirethe 
four  truths,  the  four  realities,  viz.  pain, 
the  origin  of  pain,  the  annihilation  of  pain, 
and  the  way  of  annihilating  it,  v.  Kopp.  L, 
220.  Whether,  when  bden-paynyis  are 
mentioned,  they  refer  to  two  of  the  just 
named  realities,  or  whether  they  always 
denote  absolute  (objective)  truth  (don^dm- 
pai  bden '  pa)  and  subjective  truth  (kun- 
rdzob-kyi  bdM-pa)  as  mentioned  by  Was. 
(293),  I  am  not  prepared  to  decide,  nor 
am  I  able  to  explain  the  meaning  of  lam" 
gyi  bden-pa  and  ^g^g-pai  bdhi-pa  (Thgy. 
frq.).  bden-pa-nyid  seems  to  be  a  tech- 
nical term  for  truth,  though  the  Buddhist 
understands  by  it  nothing  but  ston-pa-nyid. 
Nevertheless,  the  possibility  of  its  being 
misapprehended  from  this  reason  ought 
to  be  no  obstacle  to  the  word  being  used 
in  its  original  sense,  and  re-established  in 
its  proper  right,  the  more  so,  as  Buddhist 


^^^^'  wuiay-/>a 


philosophy  makes  but  a  mockery  of  truth, 
by  identifying  it  with  a  negation  of  reality. 

—  2.  ^  bden-tsiff^  v.  below.  Mil. 

Comp.  *  den -^  dan,  den  -  da*  W.  in  truth, 
certainly.  —  bdenr-po  a  true,  a  just  man  Cs. 

—  bden-lyrdl  Cs.:  1.  'void  of  truth,  unjust. 
2.  southwest  part  or  direction'.  —  bden-fsig 
1.  a  true  word  Mil.^  but  usually  2.  a  solemn 
asseveration,  often  combined  with  a  prayer, 
to  which  the  power  of  securing  infallible 
fulfilment  is  ascribed  Dzl.  and  elsewh.,  frq. 

—  bden-^dzin  v.  above. 

q^x'  bder  =  bdS-bar;  gan-bdet  whichever 
^  you  like,  at  your  pleasure;  H-bd^ 
has  a  similar  meaning,  v.  Tar.  69,  14, 
and  prob.  also  192,  4;  bder-bkod  v.  Qg6d^ 
pa  bder-^ro  v.  bdd-ba. 
qr"q*  bdoba  1.  Cs.  'abundance,  exuberance'; 

'  more  corr.,  ace.  to  Zam.^  where  it 
is  explained  by  ddr-ba  and  ^ft^  (unbound- 
ed), to  extend  (intr.)  without  bounds.  —  2. 
with  /a,  to  hurt,  to  injure  a  person  Dom. 
and  elsewh.;  dgra  bdd-ba  v.  sddn-ba. 
q^jm-q-  bddg-pa  I.   vb.  1.  TF.  to  get  or 

'  '  take  possession  of,  to  stow  away, 
to  house,  *8ton't6g*  the  harvest;  to  put  into, 
*g(lm-mi  ndh-du*  something  into  a  box; 
to  lay  lip  or  by,  to  keep,  esp.  *d6g'te  bdr- 
te*  in  store,  on  hand;  *tig  ndn-du  ddg-be* 
to  hold  one's  breath.  —  2.  B.  to  be  in 
possession,  to  be  possessed  of,  gen.  with 
Za,  like  yod-pa^  de-la  rds-yug  ybig  bdog 
he  is  in  possession  of  only  one  piece  of 
cloth  DzL;  Uydd'la  jdi- jdra-bai  sUb-ma 
bddg-gam  have  you  such  scholars?  DzL; 
nor  mi  bddg-pa  DzL  poor;  dgon-pa  ni 
gdfi-na  bdog  Mil.  where  have  you  (where 
is)  your  monastery?  bddg-la  pug-pa  bdog 
I  have  a  cavern  Mil.:  in  an  absolute  sense: 
fabs  bddg-gam  mi  bdog  are  there  any  means 
or  not?  Ma.;  W.  *yin-dog-can*  is  stated 
to  mean  proud,  arrogant;  *y6g-dog-ban*  one 
that  saves  money,  a  scraper. 

II.  sbst.  wealth,  riches,   B.\  cog    to 
bddg-po, 
ncoj'n*  bdrdl-ba^  pf.  oi  ^drdl  ba,  DzL  frq. 

-^  (S.I.C.) 

j^rqrn*  'mddg-pa  a  sort  of  large  unburnt 
^  '       bricks  of  mud  or  clay  Cs. 


272 


SNl^^ra^l'  mdag-nia. 


SI^STTSJ'     ^3^ W  ^*^^ -ma,  me- mddg, 

'  '     '  '  '  glowing  embers,  live  or 

burning  coals,  mddg-mai  don  a  pit  for  keep- 
ing them,  e.g.  for  the  purpose  of  melting 
metals  Stg. 
SJ^C  ^aw,  also  mdans^  1.  C.y  B.  yesterday 

^  evening,  last  night,  frq. ;  mdah-gi  rmi- 
lam^  also  mdah  -  sum  -  gyi  iini  -  lam  Glr.^ 
PtL,  last  night's  dream.  —  2.  W,  yesterday 
(cf  Ha-rtsdn);  mdahsdn  Lea;.^  Cs.:  ^yester- 
day  and  to-morrow,  now -a- days';  perh. 
erron.  for  deh-sdn. 

j^rr 'fl*  mddn  -  ba  Sch, :  7nddii  -  bai  ynas 
^        place  of  cremation,  the  spot  where 
the  burning  of  the  dead  takes  place. 
S^gT^:^rndans  I.  Ssk.  ift^r;^.  5N^,  1  resp. 

^  sku  mdans  brightness  of  face,  fresh 
and  healthy  complexion,  also  with  bhin-gyi 
Cs.;  miff'ffi  mdans  bripjht  eyes  Lt;  yzi- 
mddns  =  mdans ;  dmdr  -  bai  mdans  fresh, 
ruddy  complexion  Glr,;  drndr-bai  mddns- 
kyis  with  a  face  beaming  with  joy  DzL 
and  elsewh.;  the  brightness  is  destroyed 
by  disease,  ^j^rog^  frq.,  or  is  fading  away, 
J:or  Lt;  in  a  relative  sense:  appearance, 
exterior,  look,  mdans-ndn  bad,  ugly  appear- 
ance S.g.  —  2.  Med.:  a  hypothetical  fluid, 
the  most  subtile  part  of  the  semen,  a  sub- 
stance that  pervades  the  whole  body,  esp. 
the  skin,  and  is  the  primary  source  of 
vitality;  cf.  Wise^  Hindu  Syst.  of  Med., 
CalcutU  1845,  p.  42.  54.  201.  —  7iidans- 
bsgyur  n.  of  a  species  of  bile.  —  3.  bright- 
ness, lustre,  splendour,  in  general,  nyi-m^ai, 
^ai  B,  and  col.;  fig.:  dbdh-poi  rnddns-^ia 
mtg  ni  nd-la  med  Pth.  I  am  destitute  of 
the  eye,  that  brightest  of  the  senses,  as 
much  as:  the  most  excellent  of  possessions 
is  denied  to  me. 

II.  resp.  dprdl-ba  forehead. 
SI^sQ'  ^^^  ^    arrow,  rgydb-pa,  ^pen-pa  to 

'  shoot  (an  arrow) ;  smyug  -  vida  an 
arrow  of  reed,  Ibdgs-mda  an  iron  arrow; 
dug-mda  a  poisoned  arrow  Mil.;  dprdl- 
bai  mda  an  arrow  lodged  in  the  forehead 
Glr.;  vi^-mda  1.  a  fiery  dart  2.  gun,  fire- 
lock C.  —  2.  any  straight  and  thin  pole 
or  piece  of  wood,  e.g.  the  stem  or  tube 


of  a  tobacco-pipe;  hin-rtai  mda  pole  or 
beam  of  a  carriage;  Udgs-mda  an  iron 
bar  or  rod,  a  ramrod  etc.;  cu-mda  a  jet 
or  shoot  of  water,  frq.;  *(s)kdr-dc^  W.  a 
shooting  star.  —  3.  =  mdo  1.  —  4.  symb. 
num.:  5. 

Comp.  mda -KM  loop -hole,  embrasure. 

—  mdd-mMan  1.  an  archer.  2.  an  arrow- 
maker  Glr.  —  mda-rgydn  the  range  of  an 
arrow-shot  Glr.  —  mda-sgrd  the  feathers 
of  an  arrow  Cs.  —  mda  -  2u  the  waters 
discharged  from  the  lower  parts  of  a  valley, 
opp.  to  pic-  he ^  those  of  the  upper  part 
Glr.  —  mda  -  Itdri  the  notch  at  that  end 
of  an  arrow  which  is  placed  on  the  bow- 
string PtiL  —  mda-ddr  a  little  flag  fastened 
to  an  arrow;  esp.  an  arrow  with  silk  rib- 
bons of  five  diflPerent  colours.  By  hooking 
such  an  arrow  into  the  collar  of  a  bride, 
the  match  -  maker  draws  her  forth  from 
among  her  maiden  companions  Glr.  -  irdor 
ddn  quiver.  —  mdd-pa  an  archer;  mda- 
dpdn  the  commander  of  the  archers,  a  high 
military  rank  C.  —  mda-sprdd  v.  sprdd- 
pa.  —  mda  -  bh  perh.  the  more  correct 
form  of  ta-b^r.  —  mdd-bo  a  large  arrow. 

—  mda-m4  arrow- lot,  a  kind  of  fortime- 
telling  by  means  of  arrows.  —  Tnda-rtsed 
byid-pa  to  amuse  one's  self  with  the  shoot- 
ing of  arrows  Cs.  —  mda-fso  a  troop  of 
archers  Cs.  —  mda-yyu  bow  and  arrowj; 
Dzl.  —  mdd-bzo-pa  arrow-maker.  — vnda- 
ydb  Glr.  1.  Lex.  ^  pu-sUy  fence;  hence 
parapet,  railing;  yet  a  Lama  &om  Tashi- 
Ihunpo  declared  it  to  be  the  projecting  part 
of  the  (flat)  roofs  of  large  temples,  on  which 
the  parapet  is  erected.  —  2.  a  covered 
gallery  on  the  top  of  a  house  C 

3^^C'  w</wn  1.  lance,  spear,  pike,  mdun- 
•^  skdr-ba  to  brandish,  to  whirl  a  spear 
Cs.;  mdun-Myim  Dzl.  96,  9  a  frame  for 
leaning  spears  against ;  mdun-mMan  a  maker 
of  spears;  mdunfun^  or  ^fdb-mdun  a  short 
lance  or  pike,  a  javelin.  —  mdun-foffs  MiLy 
mdtih-pa  a  spearsman,  a  lancer.  —  wA*- 
ddr  a  lance  with  a  little  flag  at  the  top. 

—  mdtin-^rtse  top  of  a  spear,  spear -head; 
mduh-sin  shaft  of  a  lance. — mdunrbzo^  - 


*5f 


mdud 


o'^H^c-^-^^-^<^ 


^IL:^ 


mdun-mlian.  —  mdun  rtse-ysum-pa  trident 
—  2.  sting,  of  insects  6'.,  W.^  mduh  brgydb^ 
pa  to  sting.  —  3.  yser-mdun^  dnul-mdun 
prob.  the  two  frontal  muscles  Med. 

5J^^'  mdvd  Lt  a  medicine  (?). 

^rrq-  mdud-pa  a  knot,  mdudrpa  b(h*'ba 
\s  frq.,  dud' pa  Lt^  byid-pa  Cs,y 
^gyab-c^  W.,  to  tie  or  make  a  knot,  sffroU 
ba^  ^rol'bay  to  untie  (a  knot);  *ddl'du^ 
W,  sliding-knot,  slip-knot,  *hin'dud^  W. 
a  regular  knot;  skra-mdud  knot  or  bow 
of  ribbons  holding  together  the  long  plaits 
of  the  women;  frq.  fig.  sersnaividud-pa 
bonds  of  avarice  Mil;  ^nyin-dud  ddl-le* 
W.  (to  untie)  to  open  one's  heart  to  a 
person ;  mndud-pa-lan,  1 .  full  of  knots,  knotty. 
2.  cloddy  (?)  5.^.  —  mdud-^dra  a  disease 
of  the  membrum  virile,  prob.  paraphimosis 
Mng, 

^^  mdun  the  fore-part,  the  front-side  of 
N9  a  thing;  the  vis-i-vis,  mdunr-gyi  nam- 
mka-la  in  the  heavens  before  him,  over 
against  him,  Glr.  and  elsewh.;  mdun-gyis 
adv.  coram,  face  to  face,  mdun^yis  Itd-ba 
to  behold  face  to  face;  gen.  c.  la^  nuy  duy 
nas:  1.  adv.  before  it,  at  it,  to  it,  from  it; 
2.  postp.  before,  at,,  to  etc.;  mdun-la  ^dn- 
ba^  or  sleb^a  to  come  up  or  near,  rdn-ffi 
mdun  -  la  sleb  ma  bbug  he  did  not  allow 
(the  pursuer)  to  come  near;  mdun-du 
skur-ba  to  send  in  advance;  mdun-du 
pyin-pa  to  come  near,  to  approach;  to 
hasten  to  Pth. ;  mi  mdh-po  fsdgs-pai  mdun- 
du  in  the  presence  of  a  great  number  of 
people  Dzl.^—  sku-mdun^a  a  waiting-man, 
valet  de  chambre,  v.  sku.  —  mdun-lddg  v. 
Icdg-tse.  —  mdun-na-^don  (C  *  dim -nan- 
don"^)  1.  Lea.  nfVff^,  court -chaplain,  do- 
mestic chaplain  or  priest ;  so  prob.  also  Tar.  58, 
17.  —  2.  at  present:  a  high  civil  officer  or 
functionary,  =  bka-bldn,  vizier,  Stg.  and 
elsewh. 


c^*^ 


fL- 


^5^  mdoM 


273 


g;i]^Q  •  mdeiL,  Sch.  also  mde-Ma,  arrow-head 
^^  B.;  mde-sul  Cs.:  *the  furrows  or 
grooves  of  an  arrow-head'. 
g^^mdo  1.  the  lower  part  of  a  valley,  where 
^  it  merges  into  the  plain  (opp.  to  j5w), 
=  mda;  more  frq.  the  place  where  one 
valley  opens  into  another,  hence  in  gene- 
ral: the  point  where  two  valleys,  roads 
(Idm-mdo),  rivers  (^-Tndo)  meet;  Idm- 
sran-^mdor  at  the  street-comers  Dd.;  ysum- 
mdo^  bhi-mdo^  cdg-mdo  the  point  where 
three,  four,  several  (roads  etc.)  meet,  esp. 
bii-mdo  a  crossing,  cross-road,  as  a  place 
of  incantations;  mdo  prop.  n.  (in  full:  dar- 
rtse-mdo)  province  of  the  eastern  part  of 
Tibet,  V.  Hams;  ^^dd-ru*  in  C.  used  as 
postp.  =  near,  with,  by,  *«^  ^do-ru*  with 
me,  ^yul-gyi  ^do-ru*  near  the  village.  — 
2.  Ssk.  ^,  aphorism,  short  sentence  or  rule, 
axiom;  hence  mdd^'Uy  mdor^  mdd-Uam  sdu-^ 
ba  to  contract,  abridge,  epitomize,  to  give 
only  the  main  points,  frq. ;  7nd(yr(-8du)'na 
in  short,  in  general,  altogether,  on  an  average, 
denique,  frq.  —  3.  Sutra,  in  the  more  re- 
cent Buddhist  sense,  religious  treatise  or 
dissertation,  a  sacred  writing,  mdo-sd^  a 
collection  of  Sutras,  a  part  of  the  Kan- 
gyur;  Tndo-sdi-pa,  mdO'Sde-^dzin  Sautran- 
tika,  a  school  of  philosophers,  v.  Tar.; 
mdo-mdh  title  of  several  collections  of  Su- 
tras; in  quoting  passages:  mdd-la^  mdd- 
laSy  in  the  mdo^  according  to  the  mdo  (viz. 
is  said,  is  written  etc.)  Stg.;  Tndo-anob 
giving  a  benediction  to  the  host  for  his 
entertainment  MU.^  cf.  Kopp.  I,  143.  At 
present  a  distinction  is  to  be  made  between 
mdoi  or  dhti-mai  lam^  and  Bnags-kyi  lam, 
i.  e.  between  the  doctrine  of  the  sacred 
writings  and  a  faithful  and  systematic  study 
of  them,  —  and  of  the  more  modern  mysti- 
cism, which  is  mixed  up  with  Siwaism, 
and  seeks  to  obtain  spiritual  gifts  by  means 
of  witchcraft,  thus  saving  trouble  and  time; 
V.  Was.  (142.  177),  Kopp.  II,  29.  —  4.  Cs. 


5J^(3r5r  '"^^^^'"^'^  fr<l-  i°  la^^r  lit.;  one  mdd-ban  prudent,  m^-med  imprudent,  cf. 

v»^       Lama  explained  it  by  rnds-pa,  Jb.  — 

another  by:  1.  wife,  2.  things,  concerns;  Jig-  ^o^  mdo-le,  the  tibetanized  ^ft^  Hind. 
rUn-gyi  md&n-ma  =  jig-rlhi-gyi  bya-ba.  •       sedan-chair  Pth. 


18 


274 


9^>P\  "rndog 


QfiST^  oddm^a 


gjS!ny  mdog^  resp.  sku-mdog^  colour  (cf. 

'  '  Ka-^dg)  S.,  C;  mdog-Ugs  of  a  beau- 
tiful colour;  mdog-mdz^  1.  id.,  2.  arose. 
C%.;  mdog-dkar-Ud  perh.  the  more  corr. 
spelling  for  ^do-gar-M*  W.^  light- blue; 
mdog-yadl  a  species  of  gall,  lit.  ^purifier  ^f 
the  zWifC^Med. 
g;j^«T-    mdons   1.  the  white  spot,  blaze, 

'  star   on  the  forehead  of  a  horse 

Glr,  and  elsewh.;  2.  the  eye  in  a  peacock's 
feather;  rmd-byai  mdons^  sgro-mdomy mddns- 
sgro  peacock's  feather;  rnddm-mfa-han  tur- 
key-hen Cs. 

g;i^5;rjy  TTidonspa  =  Iddn-ba,  blind,  phy- 
'  sically   and  morally,  B.y  mig- 

mdons-pa^  Tnddm-par  ^gyur-ba,  to  get  blind, 
to  be  made  blind  DzL 

'  '  sol  iur-ba  or  by^d-pa  Cs.^ 

to  congratulate,  to  wish  joy  to  another  Gs.  ; 
Zam,  explains  it  by  ^dtin-pa  to  wish,  an- 
other Lex,  by  nd-dga  joy;  in  the  passage 
oi  Mil  it  seems  to  signify  thank-offering. 

?J^5r  ?ndo7w«,  sometimes  written  for  j^cfcww^. 

gii^  mdos  a  cross  formed  of  two  small 
^  sticks,  the  ends  of  which  are  con- 
nected by  coloured  strings  ^>  and  used  in 
various  magic  ceremonies. 
Q-— .^  Jdg-pa  \.Sch,:  *clay;  cleaving,  ad- 
'^ '  '  hesive,  sticky.'  In  C.  =  Jim^a  ( W. 
*kd'lag*)  a  mixture  of  clay  and  water;  ^dag- 
zdl  S.g.  prob.  id. ;  ^ddg-pa  sbydh-ba  to  make 
such  a  mixture,  Cs.;  jiag-sbydr  covering, 
or  stopping  up  with  clay,  e.g.  the  chinks 
of  a  wall  or  door  ^  *  JUig  - )dr  Jbul-bc!^  to 
render  such  service  to  a  meditating  Lama 
as  an  act  of  piety.  In  Pth.  ^ddg-pa  is  men- 
tioned as  a  kind  of  plastic  art,  and  evi- 
dently signifies  to  mould,  to  model,  to  shape. 
—  2.  =  Iddg-pa  Cs, ;  ^ddg-gu  Lex.  =  skyd- 
may  pap,  pulp,  prob.  =^  IdS-gu,  —  3.  pf.  dug^ 

1 .  to  clear,  to  wash  away,  to  wipe  off,  dri- 
may  frq. ;  rtd-la  soUbyug  (to  clean)  a  horse 
marked  or  blackened  with  charcoal  Glr,\ 
sdig-sgrib  (to  wash  on)  the  filth  of  sin  Gh\ 

2.  to  disappear,  of  sinful  thoughts  Gir.,  some- 
times ynds-su  to  their  own  place,  is  added 


pleon.  MU.  —  Participle  ddg-^  clean,  v. 
ddg-pa. 

O^P^  ^dan  v.  ^dad, 

Qcr'fl"  ^ddn-ba  Sch.  to  come  to,  to  arrive 
'         at;  cf.  also  brgya-^danSy  sub  brgya. 

'  •'    '^^     dan  Lex.  funeral-repasL 
QCfl*  o^^  ^  ^^^  ^f  persons,  Jor-jiab  re- 
^^     tinue  Cs.  f.-  .'^'-\ 
Q-q.gjj.'^^rfaJ.T/ja  1.  wing,  sprug-pa  to  shake 
^^  (the  wings)  C«.,  yydb-pa  to  clap 

them  Cs.  —  2.  ladle,  float-board  of  a  water- 
wheel.  —  3.  petal,  flower-leaf,  frq. ;  ^dab- 
brgyad  eight-petaled  Glr,;  v.  SchL  BuddL 
248.  —  4.  any  leaf,  a  broad  leaf,  also  lo- 
^dab.  —  5.  fan  Cs.  —  6.  flag  Cs,  —  ^dab-iags 
a  winged  animal,  bird,  frq.  —  ^dab^dns-pa 
full  of  leaves;  with  leaves  fully  developed 
Sch.  —  Jl^yUg  flag-feather,  quill-feather. 
Q-— -y  jiabsy  rarely  ^daby  the  side,  lateral 
"  surface,  of  a  hill,  of  the  body  etc.; 
surface,  m^n-^dabs  of  the  liver  Med.\  in  a 
more  general  sense:  sgdl-^dabs  the  lumbar 
region  Med.;  pleon.:  ndgs-^dabs-na  =^  ndgs- 
na  in  the  woods  MU. 
Qfxr  o^^  niud,  mire,  swamp,  earth  and 

'  water,  =  ^ddg-pay  but  as  a  product 
of  nature ;  ^dam  rdzdb  B.y  *dafmniz6^  W.  id. ; 
JlAm-dUy  ^damrTdzdbAa  Jbyin-ba  to  sink 
into  a  swamp;  ^dam  ^ pdg{s)*  W.  muddy 
plash,  slough.  — ^ddm-bu  reed  for  thatching, 
writing  etc.;  Cs.  also  sugar-cane;  JUvmrlu 
ka-ra?  prob.  a  species  of  reed  in  wells  or 
ponds  Wdn.'y  ^damMir^  W.  sugar-cane. 
Q--.^  ^ddm^ka  Zam.y  ^ddmr^Uy  jidm-nOy 
^'  '  ^ddm-pa  Cs.  choice,  option,  den 
san  ^ddm-ka  byid-pa  to  choose  whether 
to-day  or  to-morrow  Zam.;  cf.  yddm-ka. 
Q--.™  ^ddmrpa  (or  ^dom^s^-pa  Glr.  prov.) 
^^  pf.  ^damsy  imp.  ^dom(s)y  to  choose, 

to  select,  a  bride  Glr,\  mi-ytsdn-ba  ^dam- 
pa  such  as  choose  impure  things,  cynical, 
lascivious  characters  Stg.*y  ^dam-rin  choos- 
ing, tdming  over  in  one's  mind  a  long 
while;  dgrd-bo  ydn-pa  mi  ytan  ^dam  -  rin 
fdbs'kyis  ydvl  prob.:  not  losing  sight  of 
your  enemy,  constantly  watching,  put  him 


e>  o. 


1.  ^JL,^\  hio 


( 


^^ 


^ 


,6?e 


//,  d  / 


275 


down,  as  soon  as  an  opportaDity  offers, 
S.g.^  and  hence  ze-sddn  ^dam  -  rin  a  long 
lingering,  larking  grudge  S.g, 
QCfyqr  odd'ba^  pf.  ^das  (prob.  vb.  n.  to  bdd- 
^  io,  ^d^iCpa)  to  pass  over,  1 .  to  travel 
war,  to  clear  a  certain  space,  fan  de  this 
plain  Sambh, ;  ^ogr  du-Tnai  lam  (to  perform) 
many  day's  journeys  DzL  —  2.  c.  Z«s;  to 
go  beyond,  to  surpass  Dd.;  IM-las  dds-pai 
8po8  incense  surpassing  that  of  the  gods, 
i.e.  that  which  is  burnt  to  them  S.O.;  to 
exceed,  fidd-las  the  measure  Lt ;  grans-las 
dd»-fa  Tar,  surpassing  number,  innume- 
rable; bsdrnrbyai  yul-las  (surpassing)  the 
understanding  or  imagination,  inconceivable 
Olr.;  to  transgress,  to  trespass  against,  bkd- 
laSyUrhm-las^  a  commandment,  a  law=-ojrdZ- 
ba]  to  get  over  a  thing,  to  get  the  better  of, 
to  overcome,  =  rgydlrba;  to  go  away  from, 
mya-ndn-las  q.v.;  to  let  go,  leave  off,  aban- 
don, ^ds^las  one's  religion  Thgy. ;  bid -las 
dds-pa?  —  3.  with  or  without  dus-las^  fse^ 
reap,  sku^  to  depart  this  life,  to  die;  das-fo 
the  deceased,  defunct,  late,  Lex.\  ^de-Ug* 
W.  the  soul  of  a  deceased  person,  ghost, 
apparition;  the  re-appearing  is  possible  only 
for  about  forty  days  after  death,  as  long 
as  the  Bardo  lasts,  v.  bar-do.  —  4.  to  pass 
by,  =»  to  disappear,  ngi-zld  ^dds-nas  when 
the  sun  and  the  moon  have  disappeared 
(for  a  time);  very  frq.  relative  to  time: 
to  pass  away,  to  elapse,  ^dds-pai  dus  the 
time  that  has  passed,  is  gone,  past  time, 
y.  dus  5. ;  zla  dgu  ^dds-nas  after  nine  months 
Lt,;^das-16  the  year  past,  ^das-zld  the  month 
past,  ^das-idg  the  day  past;  ^de-zdg-la*  W. 
the  other  day,  lately;  mfin-mfsdn  cds-kgis 
^dd  -  bar  bya  day  and  night  are  spent  in 
religious  exercises;  dgi-bai  byd-ba  Ud-nas 
dus  ^da  Tar.  (time)  spent innone  but  works  of 
virtue.  —  odd-ga  (-ma)  Cs.  hour  of  death, 
^da-gorye-h^s  wfif  TTPT?  knowledge  of  the 
hour  of  death  (title  of  a  book). 
Qtzx^a^  J^T-ba  to  tremble,  shudder,  shiver, 
^  quake,  grdh-bas  ^dar-ba  to  shiver 
with  cold;  ^jigs-pas  (to  tremble)  with  fear; 
jidr-Hh  ^gid-ba  id.;  ^ddr-bar  ^gyur-i>a  to 
b^n  to  tremble;  Jtar-ydm  Sch,  doubting, 


wavering,  undetermined,  ^dar-ydm  hyid-fa 
to  doubt,  to  waver. 

(Kq*  o^K^)  »^-o^^>  ru-^drSl  a  single  horn 
'      Sch.  —  bad-^ddl  pro  v.,  being  left 
exhausted  on  the  road,  sinking  under  fa- 
tigue. 

0^0^  Jal-^ddl  V.  td-bag. 

QKora'  o^^^="  ddl-bay  hi-^ddl  Still  water 

'  Lea. 

q^-  Jii  demonstr.  pron.  this,  nai  bu  ^di  this 

'  my  son;  nai  ^di  this  of  me,  i.e.  that 
which  I  am  doing  just  now  Glr.^  what  I 
am  experiencing  just  now  MU. ;  the  present, 
the  respective,  ^grub-pa-po  ^di  the  respective 
performer  (of  an  incantation)  Dom.\  such 
a  one,  bdag  min  ^di  ^-byd-ba  I,  such  and 
such  a  one  Thgr.^  also  Jti  dan  Jti  (-Ita-bu) 
and  similar  expressions,  nas  Uyod-la  ^dd  dan 
^di'lta-bu  hig  sbyin-no  I  give  you  such  and 
such  a  thing.  On  the  difference  between 
^di  and  de  y.  de;  the  plural  forms  and  de- 
rivatives of  both  of  them  are  in  conformity ; 
only  the  following  may  be  particularly  men- 
tioned: ^di-kanrdn  is  used  also  for  justhe^e, 
just  now  Mil.;  ^di-lta-ste  for  instance,  to  wit, 
such  as,  viz.;  also  pleon.  with^-Tui:  ynyis 
gan  i^-na  ^di-lta-ste  Wdh.;  H  pyir  z^-na 
^di-lta-ste  Pth.;  ^di-ltar  SO,  in  this  manner, 
bU  pyir  Hyod  JU-ltar  gyur  in  what  manner 
have  you  become  so,  how  did  you  get  into 
this  condition  ?  DzL  frq. ;  ^di-Uar-ro  it  ran 
thus,  it  was  to  this  effect,  of  this  purport 
Glr.  frq.;  na  Jti-ltar  yin  such  I  am,  I  am, 
live,  go,  just  as  you  see  me  here  Mil.;  in 
the  verse:  Jtus-byas  ^os-mams  ^di-ltar  blta 
'compounded  things  must  be  regarded  thus' 
—  the  word  ^di  -  Itar  is  meant  to  be  ac- 
companied by  a  snap  of  the  fingers  (se-gdl^ 
or  skdd-big-ma)]  ^di-nas  from  this  place,  from 
this  time  present,  as  yet,  still,  ^di  {dan)pyi 
(-ma)  the  present  and  the  future  life,  frq.; 
^dipyid  sdib-pa,  rj^-ba  to  exchange  this  life 
for  the  future  one,  i.e.  fsepyi-ma  bUs-btan- 
ste  ^dii  don  sgriib-pa  to  be  earthly  minded 
6'.;  *di'Zugy  l-zug*  W,^  so,  thus;  *di-r{n* 
W.  to-day;  ^di-ru  (come)  in  here,  into  this 
place;  here,  at  this  place,  frq.;  now,  seldom. 


276 


0.^0% 


0^^ 


Juries 


q^OT  o<^^  stopper,  stopple,  also  Ua-^dig; 
'  '    *dig't^  Ld,  to  put  in  a  stopper;  to 
stop  up,  to  close  with  a  stopper;  ^dig-rir 
C.  musket-ball.  Cf.  dig, 

Q^-,— •  ^din-bay  pf,   btih^  fut  ydirij  imp. 

^  fin(s),  to  spread  on  the  ground,  a 
mat,  carpet  etc. ;  to  scatter,  sprinkle,  strew, 
grass  or  hay  to  lie  upon,  ashes  on  the  snow 
etc.;  *btin-4>a*  sbst.  W.  a  small  carpet,  on 
which  the  Lamas  use  to  sit;  *mal^btin^  C\ 
bedding,  pillow,  or  blanket  —  ^din  rgydb- 
pa  Sch.  to  weigh  in  one's  mind,  to  consider; 
to  suspect,  to  entertain  a  suspicion, 
nr  ('(^Tjirc  o^K^y^^^  meeting-house,  house 

^  ^ '^ '  of  assembly;  ^os^cacJ-paiCquasi) 
church,  chapel  DzL 

Q^^'Q|3^  ^du'Jirug  tumuH,  riot,  uproar  Cs. 
nc-q^  ^du^a^  pf.  ^du8^  (vb.  n.  to  sdud-pa) 

4  1-  to  come  together,  to  assemble,  of 
men  and  animals;  Jtun-Kdn-du  DzL;  jius- 
sam  ma  Jtas  are  they  already  assembled? 
dan  with  (a  person)  Tar,*^  in  order  to  fight 
Stg.;  of  things:  nyis-pa  fams-^dd  dei  lus- 
la  ^duo^  V.  nyes-pa;  ^durba  and  ^du9-pa  sbst. 
a  coming  together,  an  assembling,  a  gather- 
ing, esp.  in  Med.  a  (somewhat  indefinite) 
disease,  or  cause  of  disease;  ^dm-sa  meeting- 
place  Glr,\  las-mi  man-po  ^dtcs-sa  an  estab- 
lishment comprizing  many  workmen,  ma- 
nufactory, workshop,  workhouse,  *dz6m-^du 
ydn^gin  Jiu^  C.  they  flock  or  crowd  to- 
gether; tson-^dus  the  assembled  traders  or 
dealers,  the  market  frq. ;  skyabs-kun-^dus  'a 
collection  of  all  the  refuges'  is  a  name 
given  to  Milaraspa.  —  2.  to  unite,  to  join  one 
another,  K-yo-^ug-tu  as  husband  and  wife, 
to  get  married;  in  a  special  sense  in  philo- 
sophical language:  1.  to  unite  (opp.  to  Jbrdl" 
ba)y  e.g.  the  soul  uniting  with  an  organ  of 
sense,  like  sdib^a^  Mil.  2.  ^dus-byds  com- 
posed of  two  or  more  ingredients,  ^dua-ma- 
byas  consisting  of  one  thing,  simple,  ele- 
mentary; only  this  is  eternal,  every  thing 
compounded  is  perishable,  frq.  ~  3.  to  be 
pressed  or  crowded  together,  *M7  dus-te  dug* 
Ld.  they  stand  crowded,  in  serried  files 
or  ranks;  intellectually:  dam-cos  jdus-pa  a 


compressed  system  of  religion.  —  4.  Jbtis- 
pa  to  consist  of  or  in,  ynyts-su  ^dus-so  (re- 
ligion) consists  of  two  things  Thgy.;  anon- 
arid  sems-su  ^dus-te  yda  the  external  world 
consists  of  spirit,  is  spirit,  i.e.  is  nothing 
MU.  —  5.  col. :  to  be  drawn  together,  to  con- 
tract, to  shrink,  ^dus  ca  dug*  IJL  it  shrinks, 
e.g.  wood  or  paper  firom  heat;  *tsa-Jtu* 
C.  prob.  cramp,  spasm,  convulsion; *(]iri»-i('an* 
Ld.  elastic,  springy. 

•r-  ^du'byedy  SsL  ?9^irnc,  (the  Tibetan 


^S' 


^  word  is  nothing  but  a  literal  trans- 
lation of  the  Ssk.  sanskdra;  cf.  also  ^du-i^ 
and  jntn-po)  'one  of  the  obscurest  and  most 
difficult  terms  of  Buddhist  philosophy' jST^^p. 
I,  603,  where  the  various  translations  are 
enumerated  that  have  been  attempted,  such 
as:  idea,  notion,  imagination  (cL  Bum.  I, 
503),  action  (  Was.)  etc.  It  should,  however, 
at  once  be  acknowledged,  that  the  word 
cannot  be  translated  into  a  European  lan- 
guage, as  the  meaning  given  to  it  is  not 
the  result  of  honest  research  and  obser- 
vation, but  a  product  of  arbitrary  and  wild 
speculation. 
Qtr(^  o^^o^'  ^^^  bustle,  din,  clamour. 

No  ^dw-Jbd  mM-pai  dhin-pa  ^di  this 
solitude  without  any  noise  Mil. ;  ^du^^dzt- 
la  ynds-pa  to  live  in  the  midst  of  the  bustle 
of  worldly  affairs;  Jlu-iin^  ^du-ldn  Cs.  id. 
Q^'3^'  o^^^^^j  'Ss/:.  ^f^  ('con-scientia') 

>J,  '  corresponds  in  most  cases  to  our 
idea,  notion,  conception,  image,  although 
sometimes  perception,  feeling,  sense,  thought, 
consciousness  may  be  employed  for  it:  ndr- 
la  rtdg  -  tu  yod  -  pai  ^du  -  i^  skyid  -  pa  to 
combine  with  earthly  goods  the  idea  of 
constant  possession  S.O.  and  thus  frq.;  Us- 
la  grui  ^dti-^h  ^  jug -pa  to  unite  with  the 
human  body  the  idea  of  a  ship,  to  represent 
the  body  as  a  ship,  Thgy.;  skyd-bai  Jtur 
hes  byun  the  perception,  the  feeling  of  dis- 
comfort arises  S.g. ;  Urd-bai  ^du-^is^dn-ba 
to  detest  the  idea,  the  thought  of  anger 
Dzl. ;  dg^-bai  pydgs-la  ^du-kes  buh^zad  kyah 
ma  yyos  no  thoughts,  no  inclinations,  tend- 
ing to  virtue,  arose  (in  him),  virtuous  emo- 
tions never  stirred  in  his  mind;   Mgs-pai 


^df^^'tan  entertainiDg  thoughts  of  sensual 
pleasure  Glr,;  ^du-^h  slar  imyid-pa  to 
recoyer  from  a  state  of  insensibility;  as 
vb. :  jiu-h^-pa,  mya-nanr-^dds  fob  du  -  ses- 
te  imagining  that  I  shall  obtain  Nirwana 
Thgy.  As  one  of  the  five  pun  -po  it  is 
translated  by  idea  (Bum,  1,  511),  by  per- 
ception {Kopp.  I,  603).  The  three  terms 
^du-hes-ban^^du-hes-m^drpa^  ^du-^es-med-mtn 
may  be  rendered :  having  thefaculty  of  think- 
ing, having  no  faculty  of  thinking,  neither 
thinking  nor  not  thinking  (Dzl.  92^^  7)i 
^du'hes'ban  refers  to  human  beings,  the 
tw(J  other  terms  relate  to  celestial  beings 
(v.  lOpp.  I,  261,  17  and  26),  that  are  evi- 
dently so  much  the  more  excellent  and 
exalted,  as  they  are  far  above  all  reason- 
ing and  thinking.  According  to  another, 
and  (it  would  seem)  more  natural  inter- 
pretation, the  first  of  these  three  terms 
imphes  rational  beings  (man),  the  second 
irrational  beings  (higher  animals),  and  the 
third  quite  irrational  creatures  (lower  ani- 
mals, worms,  reptiles,  that  are  not  even 
possessed  of  the  sensitive  powers  of  the 
higher  animals),  whilst  the  4ong-lived  Lhas' 
of  the  17  th.  heaven  are  classed  together 
with  the  common  Lhas  (who  however  taken 
strictly,  belong  to  the  ^first  world')  and  on 
account  of  their  stupidity  are  believed  to 
be  incapable  of  ever  being  converted,  Thgy. 
Qmrn*  odug-pa  (eleg.  ydd-ba^  resp.  biuffs- 

N»  '  pa)  1.  to  sit,  syn.  with  sddd-pa; 
with  nay  la  etc.;  to  sit  down  with  termin. 
or  la;  to  Sit  up  fin  bed);  ^dug-par  ^gyur 
to  get  seated  Dzl  v^vS,  6;  to  remain  sitting, 
to  keep  one's  seat,  Dzl.y^l\  to  remain, 
to  stay,  jiir  ma  ^dug-par  sof'i  Hg  DzL ;  to 
remain  behind,  to  stay  at  home,  with  or  without 
pyir,  Hymr-na  etc.  Dzl  —  2.  to  be,  to  exist, 
to  live  Glr.:  . . .  Hkahs-med  ^^dug-gof  there 
is  no  chance  of  . , .  Yes,  there  is!  ...  ^dug 
Us-nas  knowing  that ...  is  still  si^veDzL; 
drdn-sron  byidrHh  Jtug  he  lives  as  a  hermit 
Dzl;  to  be,  to  live  at  a  certain  place,  ynds- 
na ^dtig-pa  \h%  being  somewhere  Gram,\ 
porfnd  gdn-na  ^dug  where  are  my  parents 

now?  to  be  at  home  Dzl  and  elsewh.;  to 


be  extant,  to  be  found,  ban  mi^dug  nothing 
is,  or  was  to  be  found,  nothing  was  there 
Mil ;  as  partic.  joined  with,  or  put  inst.  of  the 
possess,  pron. :  Jco-rdn  dan  (Jioi)  bu  brgyad 
^dug-pa  he  and  his  eight  children  being 
with  him  Mil  (yod-pa  is  construed  in  tlie 
same  manner);  in  quotations:  to  be  found, 
to  be  written,  to  be  met  with,  . . .  yod  zer- 
ba  >  .  .  na  ^dug  the  account  of  being  .  .  . 
is  to  be  found  in  . . . ,  Glr,  —  3.  to  be,  as 
copula,  in  B.  often  with  termin. :  Uyim-par 
^dug-pa  to  be  a  layman  Stg. ;  rkdn-pa  Urd- 
hor  ^dag  the  foot  was  variously  coloured 
Dzl, ;  ^di-maTns  rm-ma-yinrdu  jiug-pa^  as 
these  are  spirits  Mil.  Generally  speaking, 
this  terrain,  case  is  not  to  be  pressed,  nor 
always  to  be  explained  by:  to  have  become, 
or  to  be  translated  by:  in,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing: rgya-gdr-gyi  yi-ger  ^dug-poj^  to  be 
(written)  in  the  Indian  language  Glr.  — 
4.  to  be,  as  auxiliar  vb.,  J .  with  the  termin. 
of  the  inf.,  often  merely  paraphrastically, 
e.g.  ydd^par  ^dug-pa  =■  ydd^pa  Glr.;  frq., 
however,  indicating  doubtfulness  and  un- 
certainty: na  ni  han  ^-bar  ^dug  may  be 
I  shall  die  to-morrow  Glr.;  Uyed  . . .  yin- 
par-^dug  you  seem  to  be,  you  are,  I  dare 
say  MU.;  ^gro  dgd^-par  ^dug  I  suppose  you 
must  go  Glr. ;  sUr-bar  ^dug  it  will  probably 
be  given  Glr.;  ma  mfdn-na  mi  rtdgs-par 
^dvg  if  we  had  not  seen  it,  we  should  pro- 
bably not  have  known  it  Mil;  in  the  same 
manner  it  is  used  with  ydd-pa^  q.v.  — 
2.  with  a  verbal  root,  in  ancient  lit.  hardly 
ever  occurring,  in  more  recent  writings  used 
paraphrastically  like  ^diig^pa,  ^vith  the  ter- 
min. of  the  inf.  (v.  above  1),  but  not  in- 
dicating a  certain  tense,  e.g.  rdol  ^dug  it 
makes  its  appearance,  comes  to  light,  Glr.^ 
Img  ^dug  they  were  destroyed  Glr.;  in  col. 
language  (in  W.  at  least)  it  is  gen.  a  sign 
of  the  pres.  tense:  zer  ^dug  I  say,  thou 
sayest  etc.;  only  in  Bal,  it  indicates  the 
fut.  tense.  —  3.  with  the  gerund  in  te  or 
was  vulgo  for  the  pres.  or  preterite  tense, 
frq. ;  in  B,  of  so  rare  occurrence,  that  it  is 
prob.  to  be  regarded  as  a  vulgarism  to  be 
charged  on  the  copyists,  and  to  be  cor- 


%x 

1 

rected  accordingly.  —  4.  with  gin  (B,  and 
col.)  and  Hn  (£.)?  denoting  a  continued 
action,  state,  or  condition,  as  in  English:  I 
am  looking.  —  ^dug-ynas^  ^dugsay  place  of 
residence,  abode. 

''^  imp.  dud,  fud  (Cs.),  to  bend  or  boW 
down,  to  incline,  md-ba^  to  incline  one's 
ears  to  hear,  (also  nsed  of  animals),  of.  our 
'to  prick  the  ears',  DzL;  to  bow,  to  make 
a  bow,  Za,  to  a  person;  idb84a  at  a  per- 
son's feet,  to  kneel  down  before  a  person. 
Q-~  ^dun,  go-^duTiy  =  sna-fsoga  of  several 

'^ '  kinds,  divers,  sundry,  various.  Lex. 
p--.«.  ^dun-pa  1.  vb.  to  desire,  to  wish 
^  '  earnestly,  with  la,  nydn-pa-la  mi 
^diin-far  they  not  having  any  desire  to 
hear  Pth,;  dgi-ha-la  to  strive  after  virtue, 
frq. ;  also  Jtun-pa  alone  (without  dg^-ba-ld) 
id.  Thg,;  *lo  c(}-la  ^dum  -  pa*  C.  religious 
interest,  concern  for  religion;  to  be  zealous, 
to  take  a  warm  interest  Mil  —  2.  sbst. 
a  desire  Thgy.;  a  supplication  DzL,  Glr.  Cf. 
dun-pa.  ^^^^^^Vfj;.^  /^ 

Q„,^  j(Mn-ma  l.  ^dVice,  counsel,  ndn-pa 

So'  a  bad  advice  Mi.;  ^dibs-pa  to  give 
advice;  byid-pa  to  take  a  resolution  Mil, 
—  2  consultation  (v.  examples  sub  Mh-ba), 
jiun-grds  id.;  daldn-gyi  ^dun-grds  JH-la 
at  this  present  consultation  Glr. ;  *^dum-ma 
jM'-pa*  C.  to  consult,  to  confer  with  (a 
person  about  a  matter).  —  3.  council,  ^ditn- 
mar  bsdus  they  called  a  council  together 
Mil;  esp.  in  compounds:  ^dun-Kan  =  ^du- 
Uafi  q.v.;  ^ditnsa  meeting-place,  assembly, 
frq. ;  union,  association,  society,  dge-jdun  an 
association  of  clerical  persons.  —  4.  v. 
^dum?  ynyen-jiun  harmony  amongst  rela- 
tions, Stg.  —  5.  the  state  of  being  a  bride; 
bride,  6'.,  and  perh.  Glr. ;  cf.  also  dga-jdiin 
sub  dgd'ba.  —  6.  =■  mdi^n-Tnaf 
Qfza'^Si^  o^^*  -  snydms  Sch.  a  state  of 
"^    V  comfort,  ediSe;  ^dub'Jrugs,  an 

interruption  of  that  state,  discomfort. 
Q-gj.™  ^dum-pa  1.  vb.  to  reconcile  one's 

^  self  to,  to  be  reconciled  with,  fdb- 
pa  ^dum-na  if  contending  parties  are  re- 
conciled with  one  another ;  rtdg-tu  mi  ^diiwr 


mo  they  are  constantly  at  variance  T>d.\ 
^diimr-ta*  (lit.  Ura)  C.  contract,  agreement, 
=»  Had 'don.  —  2.  sbst.  concord,  unison, 
peace  6s. 

0^5^'  Jkr  thick  and  clammy  Sck 
O^^^"  ^dur-ba  to  trot;  Jtur-grds  the  Irol 

Qroj'fl'  o^^^"^^  I-  vb.,  p£  btul^  ful,  fut. 
X3  ydul^  imp.  ful,  W.  *tul-ce*  1.  to 
tame,  to  break  in,  rto;  to  subdue,  conquer, 
vanquish,  dgra*,  sometimes  even  to  kill,  to 
annihilate  Fth.  —  2.  to  till,  cultivate,  waste 
land;  to  civilize,  a  nation,  which  with  the 
Buddhist  is  the  same  as  to  convert,  frq.; 
to  educate,  to  discipline,  to  punish;  ydul-bai 
rigs'pa  those  fit  for  and  predestinated  to 
conversion  DzL;  ydul-bya  id.  frq.;  also 
used  substantively:  ^d-ba  nd-yi  jrdul- 
by  a  yin  the  beings  are  to  be  converted  by 
me  Glr.;  bdag  Uyid-kyi  ydul-byar  hog  hg 
may  we  become  your  converts! 

II.  sbst.  f^^^  1.  the  taming  etc.  —  2. 
also  ^dul'bai  sde,  the  disciplinary  part  of 
the  Kangyur,  ^dul-ba-las  from,  or  accord- 
ing to  the  Dulwa;  ^dul-bai  brda  an  ex- 
pression (taken)  from  the  Dulwa. 

^^?l'^'   odu8-pa,  V.  Jldi-ba. 
d^^\  ,di'gu,  V.  m-gu. 
Q^^'q'  ^de-ba,  v.  Id^-ba. 

c^mr^-q'  o%(«)-p«.  pf-  f>teg(s)y  fot 

'  '^  ^  ydeg,  imp.  feg,  W.  "tdg-c^^ 
imp.  *tof,  to  lift,  to  raise,  to  elevate,  the 
head,  the  tail,  also  fig.;  sgrdn-me  Glr., 
**od''io*  W.y  to  hold  up  a  lamp,  a  light; 
also  fig.:  to  let  one's  light  shine  to  others; 
grdgS'pai  gd-sar  ^degs-pa  to  raise  to  a 
high  rank;  to  support,  Sustain,  maintain,  keep 
up,  Pth.;  rdmr-bu ^degs-pa  to  join  in  singing, 
to  fall  in  with,  Dzl.  and  elsewh.  {Sck 
erron.  'to  bawl,  to  blare');  rd-mda  jdSgs- 
pa  to  help;  for  *hi  tag -de*  and  similar 
phrases  cf.  the  secondary  forms  t^-pa^ 
Ugs-pa,  J^gs-pa;  with  or  without  «ra«-i»7 
rgyd-ma-la  etc.:  to  put  on  the  balance, 
to  weigh,  B.;  Hb^Ugs  weighed  accurately 


LL;  ^dSgs'Hal  'a  bushel  by  weight'  Cs., 
or  rather:  twenty  points  on  the  large  steel- 
yard. —  *)ug'tdgl^  W.  water  -  wagtail.  — 
^dig-ka*  C,  W.,  weight  —  Jtigs-dpon  is 
said  to  denote  a  military  dignity,  but  is 
not  generally  known;  as  ^servant  waiting 
at  table',  it  ought  to  be  spelled  st^ga-dpon. 

—  ^d^B-Un  ScL  yoice,  fitted  to  a  person's 
shoulders,  for  carrying  water-buckets  etc. 
Q^r'n*  o^^  "  ^>  pf-  ^^9  JD^P-  den(s)y  to 

^         go,  esp.  pyir  dSn-ba  to  go  bacic, 
to  return,  Dzl,  Lex,  Cf.  ^don-ba. 
Qrcw  ^dedr^a^  pf.  and  imp.  ded^  some- 

^  ^  times  preceded  by  rjes-sUy  to  go 
or  wall(  behind,  hence  1.  to  drive,  cattle, 
the  herdsman  walking  behind  the  animals, 
whereas  of  the  shepherd  Jiridrpa  is  used ; 
rlun-gis  gru  jded  the  wind  drives  the  ship, 
frq.;  also  to  drive  through  (a  tube)  by 
blowing,  to  blow  through  (r/n;  to  drive 
(animals,  birds)  from  a  place  of  rest,  to 
rouse,  start  —  2.  to  pursue,  chase,  run  after, 
rgdd'fna  JUd-pa  to  be  in  the  rut  (of  a 
stallion);  *ded  tdn-be^  W.  to  chase,  to  hunt; 
*did'de  bd^c^  W.  to  call  after  a  person. 

—  3.  vb.  n.  to  follow  in  succession,  to  suc- 
ceed, rim- pa  bkin  successively,  of  gene- 
rations, Glr.  —  4.  to  call  in,  to  recover, 
money,  debts;  bu-hn-jded  drdg-po  a  severe 
dun  MU.'^  ^dAd-mi  a  driver,  e.g.  the  person 
walking  behind  the  horse  of  a  rider,  driving 
it  on  Lt.;  the  pursuer  of  a  fugitive  Glr.  — 
Of.  bdd-ba. 

Q?n?j'  <A^  1-  puncheon  (tool).  —  2.  time, 
^       times,  =  *lan*  W.Q). 
(XflXrjy  Ji^b%-paj  pf.  btaby  fut.  -ftab^  imp. 
'  fo6,  9fu/pine  ^debs-su^  and  yddb^ 

iu,  W.  *tdb'h^^  imp.  *foA*;  to  cast,  throw, 
shrike,  hit,  variously  applied,  cf.  rgydb-pa, 
in  B.  gen.  with  instr.,  even  if  there  is  a 
dative  in  the  same  sentence,  v.  the  ex- 
amples; *cog't&e'la  tdb^be"^  W,  to  strike 
upon  the  table;  rlun-gis^  yddn-gyis,  ndd- 
hfi*  ^dSs-pa^  to  be  beaten  by  the  wind, 
to  be  possessed  by  a  demon,  to  be  seized 
with  an  illness,  frq.;  snags- kj/is  ^debs-pa 
B.,  mfu  btdb-pa  col,  to  pronounce  a  charm 
against  a  person  or  thing,  with  la;  lariy 


0.5^^  o%«-P« 


279 


nO'sprddy  gros  ^dSbs-pa,  to  answer,  to  ex- 
plain, to  advise;  ysdl-ba  ^d^bs-pa  to  make 
a  request,  smdn-lam  ^d^bs-pa  to  oflfer  up 
a  prayer;  ysaU^debs  byid-pa  to  remember 
well  Mil.\  ysal'  JI4bS'SU  his -pa  prob  to 
have  a  distinct  recollection  of  a  thing  Glr,*, 
rtsis  Jiibs-pa  prob.  to  cast  up  an  account, 
to  reckon,  to  compute,  del  rtsis-yddb  bddg- 
la  med  I  do  not  take  that  into  account 
MU. ;  lus'la  yz^i-gyis)  ^d^bs-pa  Dzl^  *zh* 
fab-ley  or  gyab-c^  W.^  knocking  nails  into 
the  body;  rgyas  JUbs-pa  to  seal;  Hud  tab" 
hey  or  gydb-b^  W.  to  spread  dung  (on  the 
ground),  to  manure;  his  ^debs-pa  to  sprinkle 
with  water  DzL\  tsa^  m  fug-pa-la  ^debs" 
pa  to  put  salt,  meat,  into  the  soup;  sd- 
bon  ^dAbs-pa  to  sow;  gur  ^d^bs-pa,  sga- 
^d^bs-pa^  to  pitch  a  tent,  a  camp  (driving 
in  the  tent -pins);  also  without  a  abst.: 
snar  btab-pai  hi-yson-du  (pitching)  in  the 
same  dell  where  they  had  encamped  be- 
fore Dzl  TV?,  1.  (Sch.  incorr.):  hence  in 
general:  tO  found,  to  establish,  e.g.  a  mo- 
nastery, frq.;  dus  ^dAbs-pa  to  fix  a  time. 

aks^^  JUmr^a  to  prove,  to  examine  Sch. 

Of^  Jier  Glr.  prob.  for  Ider. 

0^  ^dOy  for  mdo  3.,  Cs.  ^do-ydd  prudent, 
^   clever,  ^do-mid  Lex.y  Cs.  imprudent^ 
silly. 
qS^  ^d(^-6a  1.  sbst.  Sch.\  'a  breed  of  fine 

'  horses';  one  Lex.  has  ^do-rta  w.  e. 
—  2.  vb.  Cs.\  =  zU-ba,  to  say,  to  repeat; 
ma-^dos-par  unspeakable  (?)  DzL^cyy^  4 
(the  reading  of  Sch.  dubious,  v.  Schf.'s 
remarks  on  this  passage). 
Q>^«.  ^ddg-pay  prob.  an  incorr.  reading 

'  '       for  ddgs-pa. 
Q^CT^q-  o%«-P«»  pf-  *%«  (»lso  yda^8?\ 

'  '  ifut.  Ydag(s)y  imp.  fogSy  W.  *tag- 

ce*y  imp  *tog  or  tag  ton^^  1.  to  bind,  fasten, 
tie  to,  (opp.  to  ^grol-ba^y  W.  *lcyi  tdg-te 
boT*y  tie  up,  fasten,  the  dog  well;  (v.  Jy^r- 
bcb):,  /a  to  a  thing,  frq.;  also  in  a  more 
general  sense:  to  fix,  to  attach,  e.g.  a  bal- 
cony to  a  house  S.gr,  to  tie  round,  to  buckle 
on,  go-mts&n  lus-la  the  armour  Pth.\  tO 


280 


0^'^ 


jUdn-ba 


q?^'C|-  ^<m^a 


put  on,  rffyan  gay  clothes,  finery,  rffi/an 
bzan-po  btdgs-pa  beautifully  attired  MiL; 
col.  also  without  rgyan^  e.g.  *tdg'dad^can* 
W,  fond  of  dress  and  finery.  —  2.  in  par- 
ticular phrases:  bkar  -  ^dogs  ^ pa  v.  bkar; 
mi  "la  sky  on  ^ddgs-pa  to  charge  a  person 
with  a  fault,  to  upbraid;  sgro  ^ddgs-pa  v. 
sgro;  fugs-la  ^ddgs-pa  to  interest  one's  self 
in  or  for,  to  tal(e  care  of;  Hyod  fugs-la  mi 
Jldgs  -  pa  ^di  H  yin  mi  ses  why  he  does 
not  interest  himself  in  your  behalf,  I  know 
not  MiLnt  37,  6.;  with  reference  to  things: 
to  have  near  at  heart;  fugs-la  btdgs-so  you 
have  taken  great  care  of  me,  a  phrase 
frq.  used,  where  we  should  say:  I  am  much 
obliged  to  you!  though  Tibetans  deny  its 
implying  acknowledgment  and  expression 
of  thanks.  —  dam -la  ^ddgs-pa  v.  dam; 
pan  ^ddgs-pa  v.  pdn-pa;  min  ^ddgs-pa  to 
give  a  name;  drd-bai  sgd-nas  according  to 
likeness  or  analogy  Mng,;  Kyeui  min  H- 
skad  ydags  how  is  the  boy  to  be  called? 
DzL  min  mi^yditn-ba  hes  (or  mi-ydun-bar) 
btdgs  -  so  they  named  him . . .  Mil, ,  DzL; 
min  may  also  be  wanting.  —  3.  Gram,  to 
join,  subjoin,  affix,  rar  btags  ga  s^g  joined 
with  r,  i.e.  rg;  ra-la  ja  a  )  joined  with  r, 
i.e.  rj ;  sa-la  btags-pai  ta-yig^  st;  ya-btags,^ 
or  shorter,  yd-fa^  the  ya  which  is  written 
underneath,  the  subscribed  ya,  =  >^;  yd- 
ta  btdgs-pa  yi-ge  bdun,  seven  letters  are 
joined  withya-to(^s)  Glr.;  smdd-^dogs 
ysum  the  three  subscribed  letters,  ya,  ra, 
and  la  Zam,\  Jbgs-ban  1.  having  a  letter 
subscribed;  2.  an  open  syllable  with  a 
vowel-sign,  as  ^ro  9r  cfe  ?  mdo  SjiT  etc. 
(not  da  ^  or  mda  ^^P^  Zam. ;  a  -  ^dogs 
consonants  with  a  (p^  subscribed,  syllables 
with  a  long  vowel.  —  4.  in  philosophical 
writings:  btdgs-pa  conditional,  not  absolute, 
TTas.  (228.  270),  btags-mid  nominal  Was. 
(281). 

QiSr'n^  ^ddh-ba,  pf.  and  imp.  don  or  Jlony 

'        to  go,  to  proceed,  so-s6r  DzL  to 

separate,  to  disperse;  rgydl-poi  fdd-du 

(to  go)  to  the  king;  pyi-rol-tu  JSdg-cih 
to  take  a  walk  DzL;  ddh-no  let  us  go 
Dzl.;  I6g-la  ^don-no  let  us  turn  back  Glr. 


Q^jr-q-  ^ddd-pa  I.  vb.  (W.  more  firq.  fdd- 
^^  pa),  to  have  a  mind,  to  like,  to  be 
willing,  zas  bzdn-po  mi  ^dod  Dd.;  mi  za 
^dod  fsul  byed  he  pretends  not  to  like  this 
food  Lt.;  sbytn(-par)  ^dod-pa  jjiyur  he 
gets  inclined  to  give;  mi  ^dddrpar  ^ur-ba 
to  feel  no  longer  inclined;  to  wish,  nydn 
(-par)  to  listen;  ci  daA  H  ^ddd-pa  what- 
ever you  may  wish  Dzl.;  rgydl-po  JM- 
pa  to  wish  to  be  a  king  D^i.;  as  adj.: 
wished  for,  desh^ble,  esp.  with  negatives, 
V.  below;  ^dddrpar  byd-ba  adj.  agreeable, 
pleasing,  obliging,  flattering,  Stg.,  Cs.;  te 
desire,  to  long  for,  K-yim  Jbd  I  wish  I 
were  at  home  DzL;  me  dan  nyi-Tna  (I 
am  longing)  for  fire  and  for  sunshine  Med,; 
bit-mo  na  mi  ^dod  I  do  not  wish  for  a 
girl;  ran-^ddd-hen-pa  self-love  Glr.;  (ran-) 
bzdn-^dod  self-complacency,  vanity,  Glr.;  to 
ask  for,  to  demand,  kon-)o  ^dodrpa-la  sUbs 
they  came  in  order  to  ask  for  Kon)o  (in 
marriage)  Glr.;  to  sblve  for,  to  aspire  after, 
sahs-rgyd-bar  for  holiness,  for  being  like. 
Buddha,  for  Buddhaship,  DzL;  to  be  willing, 
to  intend;  also  ironically:  nd-^dod-pa  one 
that  wants  to  grow  ill,  that  does  not  take 
any  care  of  himself;  to  be  ready,  willing, 
bsnyen^kur  by4d-par  to  take  charge  of  the 
waiting  on  (Buddha);  ^ddd-par  byid-pa 
to  make  willing,  disposed,  to  persuade  to 
it  DzL;  to  maintain,  to  assert;  to  suppose; 
to  pronounce  to  be  (cf.  Jdd-paf)  Mng.,, 
Tar.  and  elsewh.  frq.  —  mi  jidd-pa  to 
be  not  willing,  not  liking ;  to  detest,  btsogs- 
pas  kUn-gyis  mi  ^ddd-na  as  she  was  detested 
by  all  on  account  of  her  sluttishness  Dzl.; 
to  be  angry,  indignant,  hes  mi  JM  nas  thus 
exclaiming  indignantly  Dzl.;  mi-^ddd-poy 
and  ma-^ddd-pa  adj.  not  wished  for,  dis- 
agreeable, adverse,  mi-^ddd-pai  las  hard 
drudgery;  mi-^dod(-l6g)'pai  rbin  adverse 
wind,  frq.;  *fsig  mi-ddd-pa  zer-Man*  W. 
one  that  slanders. 

II.  sbst.  Ssk.  ivnr  1-  lust,  deSH*e  in  ge- 
neral; ^ddd-pa  kun  zdd-de  after  all  desires 
have  ceased  Dzl.;  ^ddd-pa^yiams-la  fags- 
pa  to  indulge  one's  desires  or  passions; 
in  a  special  sense,  carnal  desire,  lust,  vo- 


^  odon 


d^C^  ^dimr^a 


281 


luphlOlMMS,  -e  jiod-  ISdgSj  frq.;  meton., 
coitus,  ^ddd'pa  spyod-pa  to  practise  it; 
^ddd'pat  du8  ^dibs-pa  to  agree  apon  the 
time  for  cohabiting  Tar.  —  2.  Ssk.  j^^ 
a  wish,  ^ddd  -  pa  ysrnn  jndh  -  na  if  three 
wishes  are  granted  Ihd,^  metoD.  the  object 
of  desire,  JM-pa  fob -pa;  ^ddd-pa  dan 
Jl)rdl'ba  to  be  separated  from  the  object 
of  one's  desire.  —  3.  supposition  Tar.  45,  21. 

—  4.  W;  semen  virile.  —  5.  Kama,  Cupid,  the 
god  of4ove  and  of  lust —  6.symb.nam.:  13. 

Comp.  Jbd-Udms  the  world  of  sensual 
pleasure,  the  world  of  Brahma;  ^Dod-/caim8'' 
bddg-^ma^  prop.  n.  =  Skye-dguinbddg'^mo^  =» 
Dpal-lhd-mo.  —  ^dM-mKan  he  that  wishes, 
seeks^  sues,  a  lover,  suitor,  cca.,  nai  bu- 
mo  ^ddd-mKan  mdn-po  jdug  there  are  here 
many  suitors  of  my  daughter  Olr,  —  ^dodr 
dgu  all  wishes,  lus  jdod-dgur  ^gyitr-ba  to 
transform  one's  self  at  pleasure  MiL^  Stg. 

—  ^dddr^an^  jiod-lddn^  Ji/6drparban  eager, 
desirous  Cs.  >-  ^dod  -  lldg^  (jjfC)  passion, 
carnal  desire,  hist,  frq.,  ^dod-Mffs  aky^-te, 
^dod-ddgs-kyis  yduns-te;  as  the  highest  of 
the  three  guna  (cf.  ytt-^nug)  it  corresponds 
to  ^^^  virtue,  and  is  symbolized  as  cock 
or  hen,  though  Tibetan  readers  probably 
sever  understand  anything  else  by  it  than 
sensual  indulgence.  —  ^dod-Jd  v.  Jd-ba. 

—  ^dodrdun  strong  desire  Cb,  —  JMrdpdl 
prop.  n.  Dodpil,  a  large  hardware -man  u- 
&ctory  and  mint  at  the  foot  of  the  Potala 
in  Lhastt.  —  Jiod-brdly  ^dod-mdd,  free  from 
passions.  —  ^dod-(pai)  ythi-^tan)  'wished 
for  goods',  earthly  goods  and  pleasures, 
whatever  is  grateful  to  the  senses,  such 
as  Jl6d-pa  Ina^  a  delight  to  the  ears,  the 
eyes,  the  palate  etc.  —  Jod-Ug  unohastlty, 
lewdness,  prostitution,  apydd^a  to  have  illi- 
cit, esp.  incestuous  intercourse,  dan  with. 

—  ^'fred-ban  avaricious,  greedy  Pih,y 
yet  c£  ca^  -  ared  -  ^a»;  both  words  prob. 
signify  the  same.  —  ^dod-lha  ^  Jiodnpa  5. 
Qj&  ^don  Lt,  n.  of  a  medicine  (?)  dkar^ 

' '  dmary  akyur-^dan. 
Q?i-5j-  ^ddn^a,  pf.  Jton,  fut  (Ca.)  ydon, 

^'       imp.  toUy  W.  *tdn'be*^  the  vulg. 
wojd  for  J^jfin-pa^  vb.a,  to  ton-pay  Jfyun- 


bay  to  cause  to  go  out  or  to  come  forth,  i.e. 
1.  to  expel,  throw  out,  eject,  from  the  house, 
village  etc.;  to  take  out,  from  a  box;  to 
draw  forth;  to  dig  out,  metals;  ^zdh-ton-sa* 
W,  a  copper-mine;  ^tdn-te  b&r-t^  W.  to 
put,  set,  lay,  place  out;  to  let  out,  of  prison 
Pth.'y  to  drive  or  turn  away,  to  dismiss,  a 
servant,  a  wife  etc.,  frq.;  *na  Mai  Ka-ne 
bah  ma  tor^  W.  I  could  not  get  or  force 
any  thing  out  of  him;  mU-maJl^n^a  to 
shed  tears  6^2r.;  with  skad  and  similar 
words:  to  utter,  to  set  up  (a  cry),  to  make 
one's  self  heard;  hence  2.  to  pronounce,  yi- 
ge  ynyia-ynyia-su  ^ddnpa  to  pronounce  two 
consonants  as  two  distinct  sounds  Gram, ; 
to  pronounce  a  magic  formula;  kldg-pa  dan 
^ddn-pa-la  g&nuMn  practising  reading  and 
pronouncing  Dzl-y  to  say,  to  repeat;  to  re- 
cite  (sacred  texts)  with  a  singing,  drawling 
tone,  like  that  of  mendicant  friars;  hence 
in  general,  to  perform  one's  devotions;  i?a/^ 
^ddn-du  mdzdd'pay  Tar.  95,  11,  prob. 
resp.  =  Kor-tdn  byidr^a  to  repeat  by  heart; 
fugs'la  ^ddn-pa  prob.  to  read  silently.  — 
3.  fig.  to  elevate,  to  raise,  AW  fSgTtu  Pih.y 
or  rgydlraar  Glr.y  to  raise  to  the  throne; 
mgo  V.  mgo-Jlon,  sub  Tngo  compounds; 
yidn  -  gyi  arog  to  prolong  a  person's  life, 
by  affording  him  a  (scanty)  subsistence 
Thgy,\  *ar6g-ton'Kan{'poy  W.  the  giver 
of  life,  ^(onnniog.  ^  i,  *lia  tdn-te*  W.  to 
sharpen  a  scythe  by  means  of  a  hammer.  — 
5.  to  edit,  to  publish,  books,  Tor.  47,  17. 
—  6.  ?08  mfd-ru  ^ddn-pa  to  arrive  at 
the  end  and  scope  of  religious  knowledge 
Mil.  —  7.  W.  resp.  to  take,  to  taste,  to  eat 
or  to  drink,  don  yinr-na  would  you  like  a 
taste  of  that?  ddn-Mah  dining-room;  ddn- 
gir  resp.  for  fa-gir;  ddn-rag  for  (i-rag. 

flS^^'  o^^'P^  ^'  ^  ^^^^^  together  Lex.y 
'  Lt  —  2.  for  ^ddm-pa  to  chooso, 

to  make  a  choice  Glr.  —  3.  also  ^ddms-pay 
pf.  ydamay  ft.  ydam,  imp.  ^domay  \ .  to  ad- 
vise, cf.  yddm-pa.  2.  to  OXhort,  bdg'med- 
pa-mama-la  wicked  persons,  brtadn-par 
to  give  diligence  Tar.  3.  to  recommend 
Glr.,  to  bid,  to  command,  v.  yddm-pa.  — 
.4.  Ca,:  importance;  business,  occupation  (?). 

18* 


Q^(^)X^  o*>'K«)(-i>«) 


0^'^  Jbrd-ba 


d^(^\^)  o^M«)(-paCiO  1-  a  long- 
^    ^  measure,  a  fathom,  ==  6  feet, 

Jtomrgdn  one  fathom,  S.g.,  as  the  nsaal 
length  of  a  man,  =  Kru  bhi;  Uh  ^dcym  dd 
a  piece  of  wood  two  fathoms  long  DzL ; 
^dom  bbui  don  a  well  ten  fathoms  deep; 
^ddm-gyis^  or  JUm^-su  jdl-ba  to  measure 
by  fathoms  Cs.;  ^dom-gan-gru-bii  1.  adj. 
measuring  a  square  fathom,  also  a  cubic 
fathom;  2.  sbst.  a  strong  jail  or  dungeon. 
—  2.  imp.  of  ^dam-pa  to  choose. 
oSixRV  odoTnB  the  pudenda,  privities,  regio 
'  pubis,  ^dom8{'kyt)'8pu  the  hair  of 

that  region,  ^doms^spu  ^fdg-pa  to  pluck 
out  such  hair  Ci.;  rhor-ma  Jlam»  dg-tti  tjyff- 
pa  coL  to  take  to  one's  heels;  ^doms^tdh 
vulg.  without  breeches ;  sdoms-lpags  foreskin, 
prepuce  (?);  Qdoni8'yt8dn('ma)  C,  a  pure 
virgin;  a  nun;  ^doms  ^  ytsdn  -  pa  a  chaste 
monk  (if  not  rather  sdom  is  meant);  JUyms- 
rds  (also  tar-rdsCs,^  a  small  apron  to 
cover  the  privy  parts  Cs. 
q2[xw  ^ddr-ba^  pf,  and  imp.  dor  (cog.  to 
'  ytdr-bay  stdr-bay  byi-d&r^  pgo^- 

ddr).  1.  to  throw  or  cast  away,  like  ytdr- 
ba  and  Jb6r-ba  Stg.;  esp.  to  throw  out,  to 
eject,  spittle,  frq.;  dri-^  ^ddr^a  to  make 
water  Glr.;  fig.  srog  ^ddr-ba  to  fling  away 
one's  life  Dzl;  to  sweep  out  or  away  Dzl^ 
Stg,  —  2.  (opp.  to  Un-pa^  bidd-pa)  to 
decline,  refuse,  reject,  despise,  things  offered 
Dzl;  to  reject,  a  reading,  a  passage  Oram.; 
to  disapprove,  of  an  action  as  immoral;  blan- 
d&Ty  Jixyr-Uriy  accepting  and  rejecting,  de- 
ciding for  or  against,  e.g.  dgesdig-gi  Glr. 
—  3.  to  subtract,  ddr-bdi  Uidg-ma  Wdk.  the 
remainder  left  after  subtracting;  perh.  also 
to  divide.  —  4.  srog  ^d&r-ba  also  signifies: 
to  endanger  life,  or  to  deprive  of  life,  used  e.g. 
of  diseases  S.^.;  g&m-pa  ^d&r-ba  (=  J>6r- 
ba),  to  pace,  to  step,  to  stride,  frq.;  dmddr 
pa  ^dor-ba  v.  dmdd-pa. 
Q?far?T  o*^^««  ^^'>  fertile  ground  or  soil 

'  Sch, 

Qffw  ^drd'ba  1.  adj.,  C:  *dd-t^,  similar, 

'^       equal  (which  two  notions  gen.  are 

not  strictly  distinguished  from  each  other); 

jird'ba  ^di-dag  these  equal  things,   for: 


these  comparisons,  Pth.;  kged  ynyis  jitA- 
bar  ^dug,  Jtra-ba  yiw,   ^drao,  you  two 
resemble  each  other  very  much;   with  a 
pleon.  mnyam:  rin-^fmi  m/nydfn^la  ^drdria 
equally  long  DzL\  gen.  with  dan  or  aecus., 
seldom  with  termin.,  in  various  applicatioiis: 
lcyed(dan)  ^drd^  ni  your  equals  DzL ;  bud- 
midndu  ^drd-bai  ndn^na  amongst  woman- 
like, effeminate  (men),  Dzl;  JU  byin  Isdftd^ 
pa  dan  Jirao  his  brightness  is  equal  to 
(that  of)  Brahma  DzL ;  yMn-gyi  d^n^laan 
rdn-gi  Jbrar  sdms-pa  esteeming  our  neigh- 
bour's advantage  ae  high  as  our  own  S.g.; 
fams-bad-la  bu  ybig-pa  dan  drao  he  behaved 
to  all  as  (to)  an  only  son  Dzl,;  with  a 
negative:  yian  yah  de  dan  ^drdste  yndip- 
ba  med  others  shall  allow  it  just  as  little 
as  he  himseli DzL;  Sans-rgyds  dan  jdrd- 
bar  byd'bai  pyir  in  order  to  be  equal  to 
Buddha,   to  come  up  with  Buddha  Dd.\ 
brtsigs-pa  mi  ^dra  skyis-^a  ^dra  not  as  if 
(it  had  been)  built,  but  as  if  it  had  grown 
up  spontaneously  Gir.;  bdag  ^dra  budnnid 
blO'dmdn  kyah  even  a  stupid  woman  like 
myself;  shra  ^drd-ba  yddrdam  whether  any 
thing  like  hair  is  still  left?  MiL;  Uh^ro 
^dra  myed  he  found  the  remnants  of  a 
carcass  or  something  like  it  MU.\  to  dan 
^drd'ba  as  much  as  dead  Wdh.\  mnydnr 
pa  dan  Jdrd-bai  bhes-ynyhi  a  teacher  like 
as  a  ferryman  (conveying  to  the  shores 
of  happiness)  Thgy,\  rtag-rtdg  jdra  yah 
seemingly  eternal  Mil  ;  skyid^kyid  ^dra  y<m 
even  if  it  appears  a  blessing  MU,;  run-ba 
dan  ^drd~na  if  it  appears  feasible  Z>2i; 
8ter  dgds-pa  ^dra  it  seems  I  shall  be  obliged 
to  give  it  Glr.;  da-ldn  Ihfod  nus-pa  &-S 
^dra  ban  byuh-ste  as  your  strength  this 
time  at  least  seems  to  be  rather  great  MU; 
Hyedslu-slu^drajon  might  easily  be  ensnared 
Mil.;  mi'^drd'ba  unequal,  unKke,  different, 
snon-bdd  dan  mi  ^drd-bar  quite  otherwise 
than  formerly  Dzl\  cds^a  mi  jdrd-bar  not 
like,  not  befitting,  a  priest  Mil.\  various, 
several,  ^Ha-ze  mi-dd-^d!^  C.  several  dishes; 
^di'^dra-ba,  di-^dronba  SUCh;d^dra«,  (*dft^ 
<fe*  61  vulg.)  so,  thus;  bv-^dra-bay  ji'^dtor 
ba  of  what  kind  (qualis),  U-jira  big  U^- 


^Asx^i^jt:, 


^5=:^  ,drans 


par  tton  dgos  yoa  most  tell  me  minutely 
how  she  looks,  what  kind  of  appearance 
she  has  Glr.;  pug  bi  ^dra  dig  ^on  what  will 
be  the  upshot?  where  is  this  to  end?  Qlr.; 
na  ji'^dra-'bar  de  bidn  ^gywr  he  becomes 
just  what  I  am  Stgr^  *ghdnHU*  C.  col.  how? 
^dra-Jkra  (  W.  *ddn^a*)  Tery  frq.  for  ^drd- 
bay  e.g.  ha-^dr-gyi  rgyu  jdrd^^dfi'oAa  Ug- 
rtse-zer  something  similar  to  the  substance 
of  tin  is  called  zinc;  ^^dra  mi  ^dra  like 
and  unlike;  equality,  likeness,  similarity,  ^dra 
mi  Jhra  Ud-ba  to  examine  the  likeuess  Qlr. 
—  2.  sbst.  1.  resemblance,  likeness,  v.  ^d^s- 
pa  2.  —  2.  forni,  shape,  appearance,  phase. 
Tkg. 

Q^^^  odram  v.  ^cms, 
Q^^'  od'f'od  V.  Jbrad. 
05^  odran  v.  ^an. 

nroi'CT  ^drdl-buy  pf.  dral  (cf.  rdl-ba  and 
^         hrdl-ba),  to  tear  to  pieces,  to  rend 


283 


o    o 


slope  of  a  hill  Tkgy.  —  3.  to  fall,  to  fall 
down  W. 

n.  vb.  a.,  cf.  sgrilrba^  to  wrap  up,  rds- 
kyis  in  a  kandkerchief  (x/r.,  dar  sna  Inas 
in  five  sorts  of  silk  Glr.;  zans-kyis  (covered 
or  sheathed)  with  copper  Mil,;  to  heap 
together,  to  pile  up,  md-tog  pun -par  dril 
the  blossoms  are  aggregated,  heaped  to- 
gether in  a  panicle  Wdn. ;  dril-bas  in  short, 
to  sum  up  all,  in  summa  Glr,  —  Ijags  ^dril- 
ba  ScL :  to  play  with  the  tongue,  moving 
it  to  and  fro. 

^dris-pa  to  be  accustomed  to,  to 
be  acquainted  with,  gen.  with  dauy 
Glr,  and  col.;  rarely  with  accus. :  ynyen 
)i  team  Jbris  bhn  the  more  friends  you  get 
familiar  with;  mig  ^dris  Zh-na  if  persons 
constantly  see  one  another,  get  perfectly 
used  to  one  another,  Mil,;  mostly  adj. 
(=  g&rm-pa)  accustomed,  used,  mi  or  Udn" 
pa  datiy  to  men,  to  one's  house;  also  dm- 
pa  used  absol.  =  tame  W. ;  dris^a  mi  an 
acquaintance,   a  sympathizing  friend,  an 


q^^ci* 


asunder;  also  to  pull  down,  a  house;  to  rip 

up,  to  cut  open,  an  animal.  JJT^fesVnT'*  **^'^**°*  ^^•■'  »»<^r-dris-ki/i  mi  an  old 


<^5'q- 


Jbri'ba^  pf.  and  imp.  ^dm,  1.  to  ask, 
. , ,  la^  W.  naSy  a  person ;  with  accus. 
to  enquire  after  or  about  a  thing;  grds-^dri- 
ia  a  place  for  asking  advice,  oracle  Glr, ; 
bld-ma  ^dri-ba  to  inquire  after  one's  Lama 
MU,'y  por-mdi ytam  after  one's  parents  DzZ. ; 
jiri'bai  ^  interrogative  pronoun,  e.g  H 
Oram, ;  v.  also  dri-ba,  —  2.  inst.  of  Jbn-ba, 
q!^-q-  Jrin-ba  Glr.  fol.  57, 12?  another 
*^  reading:  Idin-ba. 

Q^^'^'  ^drid-pa  for  Jbrid  pa. 
Q^r^  odrhn-pa  for  Jbrimrpa. 

Q^Qf  q-  o<*^^-*«.  pf-  drily  I.  vb*  n.,  cf.  ^grU- 
^  ba  and  hril-ba^   1.  to  be  turned, 

relied  round  or  twisted  into  a  thing,  od-zSr- 
gyi  gdn-bur  to  be  wrapped  into  a  covering 
of  light  Glr.;  to  gather,  to  flow  together,  as 
pd^ai  bdd-4cany  the  gastric  phlegm  Med.; 
fig.:  blO'S^ms  ybig-tu  ^dril-te  whilst  our 
minds  were  flowing  together  Glr.;  y^l-pa- 
mams  Kd-^dril-te  nd-log-pa  a  conspiracy 
Schr.  —  2.  to  roll  down,  ri^bo  nos-la  the 


acquaintance,  an  old  crony  Thgr,  A  deri- 
vation of  dris-pa  from  ^drid-pa^  Jbrid-pay 
to  deceive,  to  bait,  to  decoy,  and  hence 
to  tame,  was  suggested  by  some  Tibetans, 
but  is  after  all  scarcely  to  be  authenti- 
cated. 

Q,^'^'  xid^^^o,  V.  Jyru-ba. 

nr rn^q-  ^drugs-pa  to  fall  into  small  pieces, 
^^  '  to  crumble  (away)  Sch. 
Qrr-q-  ^driid-pa^  pf.  and  imp.  dncd(^drm?)y 
^  '  rarely  Jkrud-pa,  1.  to  rub,  Im  the 
body;  to  file,  to  rasp,  Hn  wood,  Lex,\  to 
rub  off,  to  scour,  *&^-ma  dan  W,\  to  polish, 
to  smooth,  to  plane,  pag-ste  with  a  plane 
W.\  to  grind,  to  powder,  to  pulverize (?).  — 
2.  to  drag,  to  draw  or  pull  along  on  the  ground, 
by  a  rope,  ro  sd-la  a  dead  body  on  the 
ground  {ma-^drus-par  without  slipping  (?) 
Med.)  —  3.  *dicd-de  gyur  ton*  W.  move, 
or  push  it  a  little  aside;  dud  ddd-ie  W. 
to  cuVoff  obliquely  (?). 

q-q-  ^driib'pay  pf.   and  imp.  drub  (si) 
^         1 .  to  sew  Sch.^  so  perh.  Dzl.  9^^  1 1 . 


°§ 


9U 


«q 


pr^  jdriUa 


og^q-  ,drh^^ 


—  2.  to  embroider  C.  —  8.  to  heal,  rma 
wounds  S.g.  —  fyeTn-drub  needle-work  Sch. 

^        to  become  putrid,  to  rot,  to  putrefy, 

drill' bar  gyur-ba  id.;  ^cHtl^bar  bydd-pa 
to  cause  to  be  decomposed  Med,\  rten-^drul 
prob.:  putrefied  substances,  bian-yiis  Jbyin- 
par-bj/ed  are  removed  with  the  faeces  Med. 
Qp*  ^dre^  also  Ihd-^drey  W.  ^ldn-^1^^  goblin, 
^  gnome,  imp,  demon,  evil  spirit,  devil, 
coL  the  most  frq.  word  for  such  beings; 
quite  in  a  general  sense :  klu-yni/dn-la  sdgs- 
paHhar^dre-mania;  byd-^dre,  ^dre-rgddLt 
prob.  two  particular  species  of  demons; 
zd-^dre  is  said  to  be  a  word  for  'owl'; 
jdres  Jcyir-ba  to  be  carried  off  by  goblins 
Ma.;  jdres^ynddy  jirei  yndd-pa  mischief 
done  by  evil  spirits ;  ^dre  tjuff-pa  the  entering 
of  evil  spirits,  the  state  of  possession;  ^drd^ 
hiff8'pa(W,  ^-Uan^)  one  possessed  by  a 
devil,  a  demoniac;  skrddrpato  cast  out,  ^dul- 
ba  to  subdue  (devils). 

Comp.  ^dre-^iffS-Hn  -  gu-ffulrhhy  ^devil's 
fear',  a  resinous  wood,  by  the  burning  of 
which  goblins  are  smoked  out.  ^dre- 
pan-ka  n.  of  the  fruit  of  sg&n-fog  Wdh.  — 
*(/^-;/w  (or  bufytsub*  W.  whirlwind,  water- 
spout —  ^dr^'po  a  male  devil,  ^dri-mo  a 
female  d.,  ^dri-bu  a  young  d.,  an  imp  C«. 

—  ^dre-me-bud  ignis  fatuus,-  will-o'the  wisp, 
Jack  with  the  lantern  Sckr.  —  ^dre-dmdg 
a  goblin  host.  —  Jire-ldg  the  left  hand, 
the  left  side  of  the  body  being  supposed 
to  belong  to  the  evil  spirits  C.  —  JbrS-hig 
'devirs  louse',  bed-bug  C—  ^dre-srin  goblins 
and  Rakshasas,  demons  in  general,  frq. 

Q^'fl'  o^^^^  I-  P^-  *^^  ^""P-  o^^^j  prop. 
^  vb.  n.  to  bsri-btty  1.  to  be  mixed  with, 
de  ynyi»  ^drh-^-na)  Lt  if  the  two  are  mixed 
with  each  other;  pyogs-ydig-tu  ^dres  mixed 
together,  miscellaneous  Lea.\  ^dres-mtisdtns 
(^fsams  Tar.)  the  ^limit  of  mixing',  rgyd- 
mfso  dan  gdn-gd  ^drh-mUdrm  the  influx 
of  the  Ganga  into  the  sea  Tar^  178,  9;  t^ig 
yian  ma  Jbris-par  without  mingling  other 
talk  with  (the  conversation) ;  Ua  dan  snyih 
ma  Jires  a  man  with  whom  word  and  senti- 
ment differ,   a  hypocrite;  &8  dan  ^os  ma 


y^n-pa  ^dres  right  and  wrong  were  mixed 
together;  in  an  absol.  sense:  »py6drpa  ^drh- 
te  mA^tegS'par  gyur-to  his  course  of  life 
degenerated,  and  he  became  a  Brahmanist 
i^.;  dud'^gro  jirh-pa  an  animal  of  a 
mixed  race,  half-breed,  mongrel;  ma  Jbrh- 
par  without  any  confounding  or  mixing  to- 
gether, sharply  discriminatiDg  Jl/iZ.;  mor 
Jlrh-pa  prob.  pure,  unadulterated.  —  2.  to 
interfere,  to  meddle  with,  *de  U-ka  dan  ma 
d^  W.  do  not  meddle  with  that;  to  have 
intercourse  with,  to  engage  in,  B.  and  coL; 
rdn^-sem»  bld-ma  ^dr^-pas  bde  through  your, 
the  Lama's,  intercourse  with  my  soul,  in 
your  society,  I  am  happy  Mil ;  ytam  ^drS^ 
ba  id. 

11.  erron.  for  ^i-ba  Pth. 

^5^^  o^^^J'-P^  V.  JbrSg-pa. 

^5^T^  o^*'^5^«  V.  drig-pa. 

Q^ff'q*  ^dridr-pa  to  slide,  glide,  slip,  VAJ- 
^^  de  gyer  W.,  ^jSd'tag(Jf)  i6r-ne 
^eV  C.  he  slipped  and  fell, 
n?^^  ^drSn-pa^  pf.  dran^^^  fut.  dran^ 
•^  '  imp.  dron{s\  1.  to  draw,  drag,  pull, 
a  carriage  Glr.\  a  person  by  his  9iivcLDzL\ 
drdg-tu  violently  DzL;  to  draw  tight,  a  rope 
DzL;  to  draw  from,  to  pull  out,  an  arrow 
out  of  a  wound  Glr. ;  to  press  or  squeeze 
out,  matter,  pus,  Med.\  to  tear  out,  ysdn- 
poirgyiirma  the  intestines  of  a  living  person; 
fig.  Ua-big  fser-sndn-gyi  rigs-^stmn  ^dren  some 
reckon  it  (lit.  draw  it)  to  the  species  of 
Meconopsis  Wdh.\  to  cause,  to  effect,  bde- 
8^  felicity  Thgy.^  skyug-pa  vomiting  Tar. 
—  2.  to  conduct,  water  {W.  *rrfn-^);  to 
lead,  to  guide;  with  or  without  «7ia,  fam 
jirin-pa  tQ  direct  a  person  in  his  way; 
also  sbst.  guide,  ^dren-mM  without  a  guide, 
without  akingi>2i;  esp.toleadto  happiness, 
felicity,  frq.;  opp..to  Ug-^dreorpa  q.v.;  yi/lr 
d/Urdviag  to  lead  an  army  into  a  country, 
to  wage  war  against  it,  frq.  —  3.  to  cite, 
to  quote,  hm  a  religious  authority  Oi.  — 
4.  to  invite,  a  guest;  to  caH,  to  go  to  meet; 
to  cause  to  appear,  to  conjure  up,  a  ghost, 
a  deity;  resp.  tpydn^^drittrpaj  yddn-Jtrm* 


^o^cvc  '^•v-^^^-ac.- -g^^    I  I 


■^^rL^\' 


V^    V-, 


icU^Oh 


fa\  also  for  to  fetch,  to  go  toi*,  if  the  object 
is  of  a  saered  character,  e.g.  relics;  »pyan 
ma  drdns-par  ^d-ba  to  go  uninvited  Cs. 
—  5.  to  place  betore  one,  to  serve  up,  dishes, 
meals;  to  pour  out,  beer,  wine  etc.,  ccdpar., 
frq.;  resp.  with  hdl-du  Pth.]  to  taste,  to  eat 
or  drink  what  has  been  offered,  resp.  W. 
(cf.  m^dd'pa,  ysdl^d).  —  6.  to  count,  to 
number,  esp.  withr^,  or re-r^-nas,  separahsly. 
one  by  one,  GZr,  MU.;  to  enumerate,  ma 
drani  . . .  are  here  not  enumerated  Wdn,; 
c.  termin.  to  count  tor,  to  consider,  to  took 
upon  at,  dp^-ru  as  a  parable,  as  not  existing 
MU.  —  7.  W.  in  a  general  sense:  to  convey, 
to  remove,  ^zd-be  f&r-man  dan  clen*  food 
is  conveyed  by  a  spoon,  *Sa  kyem  dan  derl^ 
snow  is  removed  by  a  shovel.  —  8.  further: 
rkan  (resp.  iabz)  ^drh^a  to  insuK,  to  SCOff, 
to  deride  Thgy.^  C.  —  me  ^dr^n-pa  the 
blazing,  flaring  of  a  flame  Sch.  —  mgo^^dren 
V.  mgo^  comp. 

q^arST    Q.^-'^Sr  o^'^^^-'^^y   ^dris-ma, 
"^ '    '      *^         mixtore,  medley,  e.g.  in 
border-districts  a  mixed  dialect,  a  mixed 
religion;  a  mixed  colour,  e.g.  gray. 

Q,?C?T^  o^^^^-P^  =■  ^drhi'pa^  esp.  in 
*^  conjunction  with  spy  an:  spydiv- 

^dronssam  Itos  ^;  rnd^drons^na  try  whether 
you  can  invite  him  (whether  he  will  come) ; 
if  not,  then  . . .  Mil,,  also  Mil.  nt 
q^^q*  odrdg-pa  1.  to  wince,  shrink,  quiver, 
*^  '  start,  from  fear;  to  shy,  of  horses; 
^drdg^an  shy^  skittish,  easily  frightened  W. 
2.  —  ^droff'sldn-ba  ScL:  to  take  by  suf- 
prise,  to  deceive  by  cunning,  to  outwit;  bio- 
^drdg  Lex.  w.e. 

q?CT'^'  ^drob-skydn  Sch, :  'the  keeper  of 
"^      Ught'(?). 

5C  rdan  v.  ydan. 

5^Cf  rddb-pa  v.  rdeb-pa. 

i^^  rddr-ba  v.  bddr-ba. 

jtp^qr  rddl-baj  pf.  and  fut  brdal,  imp.  rdol^ 
^  also  yddl-ia^  bddl-ba,  1 .  to  spread, 
sand,  stones^  manure,  esp.  if  done  by  means 
of  a  stick,  rake,  shovel  etc.;  to  extend,  a 


285 


^Cq*  rdM-ba 


canopy  Pth.;  to  cover,  rddn-gi  iabs  by^ 
maSy  the  bottom  of  a  pond  with  sand  Dd.; 
fig.  dam-lSos  f cm-mar  bddl^a-la  now  when 
holy  religion  lies  before  you  as  if  it  were 
spread  out  in  aplain,  i.e.  whenitis  accessible 
to  all.  Mil.;  kyab-yddl  or  rddl  spreading 
far  and  wide,  all-embracing,  sems  ndm^ 
mik'a  Itd-buy  cds-kyi  Idony  cos-dbyins,  and 
the  like;  gron-rddl  v.  sub  gron,  —  2.  bos- 
yddlLex.  w.e.;  Sch.\  slowly,  not  in  a  hurry. 
Sqr  '^dig  =  yo-byddf  ndn-gi  rdig  kun  MU. 
'  '  seems  to  mean:  all  the  utensils  and 
furniture  of  a  house. 

^™rq'  rdiffs  -|?a  to  beat  Sch.,  prob.  = 
^  '  rdSg-pa. 

^lyzy  rdib-pa,  pf.  rcK6«,  vb.  n.  to  rUb-pa^ 
^  to  fell  to  pieces,  to  give  way,  to  break 
down,  of  a  roof,  rock,  tree,  the  heavens. 

—  2.  to  get  dinted,  battered,  like  tin-vessels 
by  a  blow  or  knock,  6'.,  W. 

x^q-  rd&'ba  Cs.  thistle,  not  generally  known, 
^  but  perh.  the  same  as  ma-rdu. 
xCT-q*  rdttff'pa,  pf.  brdugs,  fut.  brduy,  1.  to 
^  '  conquer,  to  vanquish  (?),  kUt-mams- 
kyis  Iha-morytn  fub-Hn  rdiig-par  byds-te 
the  Nagas  having  overcome  and  vanquished 
the  Asuras  Stg. ;  hence  prob.  to  annihilate, 
destroy ;  undo^  der  fobs  brdugs-pas  as  all 
resources  were  destroyed  Pth.  —  2.  to  strike 
against,  to  stumble  at,  C  (cf.  %-pa  II,  3); 
fogs^rdug  (or  brtug^-m^drpay  v.  fdgs-pay 
without  impediment. 

SC'  rduiiy  a  small  mound,  hillock,  Ld. 

xr^q'  rdun-bay  pf.  brdunSy  fut.  brduh,  imp. 
^  (b)rdun(s),  also  bdicn-ba,  to  beat, 
to  strike,  a  person,  a  drum  etc. ;  to  cudgel, 
to  drub,  also  rdun-^fsog-pa  (^Sch.  -Jsob-pa?); 
to  beat  with  a  hammer,  to  hammer,  Idags^ 
rdun-du  run-ba  malleable,  ductile;  to  knock, 
sgo  at  a  door ;  to  break  to  pieces,  to  smash, 
rdo-yis  with  a  stone  (the  sacrificial  vessels) 
Glr.'y  to  beat  out,  brd-bo  buckwheat,  with 
a  stick;  hence  to  beat  out  with  a  flail,  to 
thrash;  to  pound,  to  bray;  sten-rdun  a  pestle 
Ld.  —  bro  rdun-ba  to  dance.  —  yiu  rdun" 
ba  to  bend  the  bow,  v.  Schf.  on  Dzl  :7nS^,  11. 

—  rdun-mMan  a  fighter,  bully;  of  horses: 


286 


^STh   rd&mrfo 


^  rdo 


a  kicker ;  of  oxen,  butting.  —  rduri-ytdg  Lex, 
w.e.,  prob.  a  drubbing,  a  sound  thrashing; 
rdun-ytag  byun  I  have  got  a  drubbing. 
gsrSf  rdum-po  Cs,  maimed,  mutilated,  rJt/Tn- 
^  po  byid-pa  to  mutilate,  lag-rdum  a 
maimed  hand,  rkan-rdum  a  maimed  foot, 
ru7a-r(Jt^77»  a  mutilated  horn;  havingamaimed 
hand,  foot  etc.  Mil. 

XQ]«  rdul  dust,  not  so  much  as  a  deposited 
^  mass,  but  rather  as  particles  floating 
in  the  air,  motes,  atoms;  thus  esp.  rdul- 
prdn;  rdvl-prd-mOy  rdulrprarrdb^  nyi-z^ 
gyi  rdvl^  yet  less  to  express  minuteness  than 
infinite  number;  atom,  in  a  philosophical 
sense,  Uu  -  Urdg  -  gi  rdul  fams-ddd  all  the 
atoms  of  the  procreative  fluid  Wdn.;  monad, 
rdvl^a^ab-ia-inedy  ace.  to  Woa.  (279); 
rdul  Jul^  Idauy  dust  arises  DzL;  rdtU  nd 
fid-bar  (or  ma  Iddn-bar)  byid-pa  to  lay 
the  dust  Dzl.\  tpnStg-pa,  W.  ^hrug-be^^  to 
shake  off,  to  beat  out;  rduUdu  rldg-pa  (in 
this  case  also  fdUbar  rldg-pa)  to  crush  or 
pound  a  thing,  until  it  is  reduced  to  powder 
Lea.;  gla^-rdul  6i.:  ^a  mote  in  the  dung 
of  an  ox'(?),  Sch,:  ^a  small  particle  of  cow- 
dung.^  —  rdcHTjei  rdul  diamond-powder  (?) 
Lex.\  sdl-bai  rdul  coal-dust.  ^'  ^"  -  j'^  -  ' 
Comp.  rdul  -  dan  dusty.  —  tdul'-pydgs 
dusting-whisk,  dusting-brush  ScK  —  rdul-fsub 
a  whirling  cloud  of  dust.  —  rdul-fsdn  col- 
oured stone-dust,  employed  in  certain  ce- 
remonies, for  making  figures  drawn  in  the 
sand  more  visible  Mil.  nt  —  rdul-j-zdn  a 
blouse  (?),  travelling-cloak  against  the  dust, 
Wdk.  fol.  144  a  Lha  wears  such  a  garment. 
BOrif  ''*dul-po,  prob.  erron.  for  rtul^  Dzl. 

r'  rde  in  compounds  for  rdeu. 


^^'«^'^' 


•  rde-ba-da-ru  Wdn.^  tibetanized 
from  ^^<^|^,  cedar. 
iqiC^yq-  rd^ff(9)'pa,  pf.(i>%«,fut.  brdeg, 
y  ^^  "^  imp.  (b)rdeg(8),  to  beat,  strike, 
smite,  c.  accus.,  or  (less  corr.)  c.  dat,  chiefly 
in  B.y  rd^g-bin  spydd-pa^  verberando  con- 
cumbere,  to  compel  a  wife  by  blows  to 
fulfil  the  conjugal  duty  Thgy.;  mS-hn-la 
brdig-cin  beating  the  looking-glass  in  anger 


Glr,\  rdeg-jMg^  sdug-bsndl  the  ill-fortune 
of  gettiog  a  beating  Thgy.;  to  push,  thrust, 
knock,  kick,  jmirrdig  a  blow  with  the  fist, 
byidrpa  to  give  one  Mtl.\  rdeg-l^de  Lea.  w.e., 
Sch.  a  dance;  rdeg-cds-pa  to  dance,  so 
perh.  Thgy.,  if  brdog-ids-pa  is  not  a  better 
reading,  gUHrdeg{-tu)  =  glo-bitr-duy  sud- 
denly. 

Si^^  rdib-pa,  sometimes  for  ad^b-pct. 

«q/«i\w  rd4b(8)'pay  prob.  the  original 
'   ^  form,  but  of  rare  occurrence,  for 

rddb-pa,  pf.  brdabsy  fut.  brdab,  1.  to  throw 
down  with  a  clap,  to  clap  the  coat-tail  on 
the  ground  Glr.;  with  a  clashing  sound, 
a  potsherd  Tar. ;  to  fling  or  knock  down,  a 
person  MU.,  lus  m4a  to  prosfatito  one's  self, 
very  frq. ;  rtas  (to  be  thrown)  by  the  horse 
Sch.\  ""k^a  ddb-pa^  1.  C  to  fall  upon  one's 
face.  2.  W.  to  smack  with  the  tongue,  also 
of  the  snapping  of  a  spring,  of  the  clapping 
down  of  a  lid  or  the  cover  of  a  book;  *ia- 
Ipags  ddb'pa*  W.  to  smack  with  the  lips 
(in  eating).  —  2.  to  throw  to  and  fro,  to 
toss  about,  mgd-bo  rdebs-Uh  ^dri-ldog-pa  to 
turn  one's  head  this  way  and  that  way  Pth. 

—  3.  to  stumble  Sch.,  so  perh.Lt  fol.  196, 6; 
cal  rddb-pa  Lea.,  rddb-^al-ba  Sch.  to  slip 
and  stumble.  —  4.  to  kill,  tO  slaughter  Bal. 

—  5.  ^deb'kdg  hf -pa,  tdh-wa*  C.^^ur  deb 
tdn-be*  W.,  to  talk  big,  to  exaggerate. 

Sq  •  S-  ffCU'2f  "i^deu.,  rdey  rdHrpo,  dimin. 
V'  ^'  ^  of  rdo,  1.  a  little  stone, 
pebble,  rdeu  bskur-ba  bhn  like  a  little  stone 
thrown  on  the  ground  Glr.  —  2.  the  stono, 
calculus,  in  the  bladder  or  the  kidneys,  po- 
rdi  calculus  in  males,  mcMrdA  in  females; 
rdeu  ddg9'pa  the  concrescence  of  a  calculus, 
rdeu  ^ddn-pa  the  removing  it  Cs.  —  rdel- 
dkdr  a  white  pebble,  rdeUUrd  a  coloured 
pebble  Cs.  —  rde-^dm  ('the  spreading  of 
little-stones')  the  counting  with  pebbles  C$. 

—  rde-yidl  a  pavement  of  pebbles.  —  3.  a 
musket-ball  C,  rdeu-pdr  a  bullet-mould;  a 
bullet-founder  C. 

J^  rdo  B.y  6\,  rdd'ba  in  W.  the  usual  form, 

'  in  more  recent  lit.  frq.,  1.  stone.  —  2. 

weighty  for  weighing  things  by  a  balance, 


,..,>,    /)  ^  J  /^  ^ 


?^' 


V. 


¥  rdo 


^,J/^ 


^J>^ 


col.;  rdw  of  stone,  rdoi  f&b 


r 


O-y&U^ 


cri^ 


287 


4U.*>    •— k 


pa  a  stone 
Buddha  GZr.;  rdo  dcyed-pcL,  skyd-ba^  to 
carry  or  drag  stones  to  a  place;  *do^Mg 
cdg-pa*  C,  a  ceremony  observed  in  making 
a  contract,  by  breaking  a  stone  and  using 
the  fractured  side  as  a  seal,  cf.  mdziig^gu 
Jt&drpa ;  rdo-bMl  btin-ba  Sch. :  'stones  ar- 
ranged according  to  their  species' ;  ^do-rub^ 
la  tdn-de^  do-rub  tdh-te  sddrbe*  W.  to  pelt, 
beat,  or  kill  with  stones,  to  stone;  rdo  rus 
fug  to  the  last  extremity  Sch.'y  dnM^rdo 
a  stone  containing  silver,  silver-ore  Lea;.] 
sprin-rdo  a  sort  of  marble  Cs.;  sbrd^rdo 
Sch,^  (perh.  spra-rdof)  asbestus;  m^-rdo 
fire-stone,  flint;  rman-rdo  foundation-stone; 
z^'-rdo  comer-stone;  yser^do  a  stone  con- 
taining gold,  gold-ore  Cs, 

Comp.   rdO'kldd  a  stone  resembling  a 
sheep's  brain,  and  used  as  a  remedy  for 
diseases  of  the  brain  S.g.  —  rdo  dkdr  Cs, 
a  white  stone;  Sch,  alabaster.  —  rdoskrdn 
a  kind  of  steatite  or  soap-stone.  —  rdo- 
M  a  vein  in  a  stone.  —  rdo-Udg  a  stone 
pot  —  rdo-mHris  gall-stone  (?)  S.g.  —  rdo- 
rgyM  various  kinds  of  soft  stone,  as  ser- 
pentine, soap-stone,  chalk.  —  rdo-rgyiis 
S.gJ  *dO'idg*  C.  oath  taken  in  *he  above 
mentioned  ceremony.  —  rdo-'Sdl  Sik.  =  rdo- 
yidl  —  rdo-cdr  a  shower  of  stones;  hail 
Schr.  —  rdO'^cdn^  W.  *dom'Mn*y  a  stone 
of  such  a  size  as  may  be  grasped  by  the 
hand.  —  rdo-mnyen  Cs.  =  ka-ma-ru  sl  soft 
kind  of  stone,  alabaster.  —  rcfo-snye/i  jasper 
Sch.  —  rdo'fdl  Cs.  stone -ashes,  calcined 
«tOfie;  Sch.  quicklime,  Schf.  Tar.  103,14: 
chalk;  rdo-fdl  byiigs-pa  to  rough -cast,  to 
plaster.  —  rdo-drig  S.g.  f  Sch.  dirt  on  stones. 
—rdb-8?^u?nrock-oil,  petroleum  Scha*.  —  'cfo- 
^  W.  stone-dust,  small  particles  or  grains 
of  stone.  —  rdo  bun  -  ia  a  shining  black 
stone  Cs.  —  rdd-bos  (perh.  do-bos)  a  large 
hammer,  mallet  Ld.  —  do-dbyug  a  sling- 
stone  S.g.  —  rdo-Jbum  a  sacred  heap  oi 
stones,  a  mani.  —  rdo-sb&m  large,  heavy 
stones  Sch.  —  rdo-rtsig  stone-wall  —  rdo- 
fidd  (=  ydm-bu,  rta-rmig-ma  Cs.)  a  bar  of 
sihrer-bullion,  of  about  156  J  tolas  (4  pounds) 
in  weight,  the  common  medium  of  barter 


in  Central  Asia.  —  rdo-hin  Lt.  =  brag- 
hin  bitumen,  mineral  pitch  (?)  —  rdo-id  lime, 
both  quick  lime  and  slaked  lime  C.  —  rdo- 
yMl  a  stone-pavement  —  rdo-ykdgs  a  cut 
or  wrought  stone  Cs.  —  rdo-zdm  a  stone- 
bridge;  a  rock-bridge,  natural  bridge  formed 
by  overhanging  rocks.  —  rdo-rin(s)  a  stone 
pillar,  obelisk,  as  a  land-mark,  monument, 
or  an  ornament  of  buildings  Glr.  —  rdo- 
ril  a  globular  stone  Pth.  —  rdo-Ub  a  stone 
slab  to  sit  upon;  or  to  write  on  etc.  — 
rdo '  sran  a  stone  weight  Cs.  —  rdo  -  srin 
Glr.  50, 10,  evidently  a  corruption  of  dar- 
sarin.  }r<^  ^a^-c  . 

y'|-  rdd-rye,  gen.  "ddr-^e*  W.  *ddrie*y  ^flT,^ 
^  (Zam,  also  ^ira)  1.  precious,  stone, 
jewel,  e3p.  diamond,  more  precisely:  rdd- 
r^e  pa-ldm-y  rdo-r)ei  ytun  a  knocker  made 
of  precious  stones  DzL ;  rdd  -rjei  shi  an 
adamantine  body  POi. ;  rdd-ryei  fse  an  ada- 
mantine life  (?Zr.;  zag-medrrdo-TJe-ltor-bui 
ts4-la  mna  bmy^drpas  Pth.  as  much  as  im- 
mortality; rdd-fyei  ^jim-paj  or  rin-po-cei 
^jim-paGlr.  mortar  composed  of  pulverized 
precious  stones  and  water,  and  considered 
a  cement  of  marvelous  properties.  —  2. 
thunderbolt,  originally  the  weapon  of  Indra, 
with  the  northern  Buddhists  the  ritual 
sceptre  of  the  priests  (v.  Kopp.  11,  271; 
Was.  193),  held  by  them  during  their 
prayers  in  their  hands  and  moved  about 
in  various  directions;  symbol  of  hardness 
and  durability,  also  of  power;  source  of 
many  phantastic  ideas  and  practices ;  frq. 
forming  part. of  names.  —  3.  euphem.  for 
po-rtdgs  C.  -  •  /^Q-T"  5''  ;; 
/  Comp.  rdo-rye-gUn  seems  to  be  the  po- 
pular spelling  of  the  Sanitarium  in  British 
Sikkim,  which  by  the  English  generally  is 
written  Darjeeling.  (Here  Csoma  died,  and 
Dr.  Hooker  staid  here  for  some  time.)  Ace. 
to  several  titles  of  books  in  thePetersb.listof 
manuscripts,  it  ought  properly  to  be  spelled 
dar-rgyas-glin.  —  rdo-rye-rgya-grdm  v.  rgya 
comp.  —  rdo-rje-yddd-pa^  ^H^j^f^^l,  title 
of  a  religious  book  most  extensively  used 
among  Buddhists;  Was.  (145)^  Bum.  I,  465. 
—  rdo-i^e-J^dn^  ei^Mlflll^  less  frq.  Jbiriy 


z' ^  H'}  JUi^X'^^b.  I^itt^ 


288 


K' 


'^^  rdo-ra 


r 


Wa. 


•\3r^,  also  Idg-ndy  or  pydg-na-rdo^e^  and 
abbreviated  lag-^  or  pyag-rddr^  holder  of 
the  sceptre,  originally  the  Indra  of  the 
Brahmans;  in  Buddhism,  in  the  first  place, 
the  Dhyani  Bodhisatva  of  the  Dhyani 
Buddha  Aksobhya,  and  secondly  a  terri- 
fying deity,  the  guardian  of  the  mystical 
doctrine  (  Was.  frq.),  hence  confounded  with 
the  ^SoB'Skyon-bhi,  as  well  as  with  kyrbe-ra, 
prince  of  the  ynod-^byin,  and  special  deity 
of  Milaraspa;  v.  Kopp,  and  Schl.  —  rdo- 
f^e-jrddn,  q^mn,  prop  the  diamond  seat 
or  tlirope  of  Buddha  at  Gaya,  Kopp.  I,  93, 
and  hence  also  proper  name  applied  to  that 
town,  frq.  —  rdcMje^pa-ldm  diamond  v. 
above.  —  rdo^r^e-pag^mOy  ^%^\iJV^  or 
ll^r^T^(  TFfe.  l36)*diamond-sow*,  agoddess 
of  later  Buddhism,  frq.  worshipped  (also 
in  Lk,  where  she  has  a  sanctuary  at  Mar- 
kula  near  Triloknath),  and  incarnated  as 
abbess  in  a  nunnery,  situated  on  an  island 
of  the  lake  Pal-te,  v.  Georgi  Alph.  Tib., 
Wts,  135.  —  rdo^rje-pitr-pa  Glr,  an  in- 
strument the  upper  part  of  which  is  a  doi  je 
and  the  lower  a  purpa.  —  rdcMye-Ugs-pay 
abbrev.  *dor  -  Idg*^  a  local  deity  in  LA., 
originally  an  honest  village  black-smith.  — 
rdo-Tje-semS'dpa,  q^l^T^,  gen,  =  rdo -f ye- 
Jan  (Was.  188),  sometimes  diflfering from 
it,  V.  Schl.  p.  50;  also  =  mi-skydd-pa,  Ak- 
sobhya;  also  mi  -  skyon  -  rdd-rye  Glr.  Re- 
specting the  word  rdo-rje  cf.  Bum.  I,  526. 

^^'  rdo^a,  or  rto-ra  circle  Of  dancers  W. 

^qr  rdog  C.  root,  *dog  dhan  16 -ma*  root 
^  '  and  leaves;  ^lab-dog*  radish-root;  yet 
cf.  rddg-po. 

gqrq-  rddg-pa  step,  footstep;  kick,  rddg-pa 
^  '  ^bor-ba  to  step,  to  pace,  to  walk  Cs.; 
rddg-sgra  the  sound  of  steps,  the  clattering 
of  hoofs;  rdog-stun  a  straw-mat  for  clean- 
ing one's  shoes  C;  rddg-pai  ^dg-tu  o)^'P^ 
Dzl.  9-S9'i  1 3  {Mb.  ;  Sch. :  rddg^ai  zdbs-suf) 
to  prostrate, to  throw  under  one's  feet;  rddg- 
pas  rdun-ba  Sch.y  jpul-ba  Sch..,  sn&n-pa^ 
mndn^a  Sch.,  rdog-pid  rgydb-pa  Pth.,  ^dog- 
Uptd-wa*  6'.,  *dog'C&h  gyab-be*  W.  to  strike 
with  the  foot,  to  apply  a  good  kick,  to  stamp 


the  ground;  rdog^tdd  byidr^  prob.  id.; 
prop,  to  load,  to  pack  on(?;. 
Sqrrgf  rddg^o  (Cs.  also  rddg-ma),  a  grain 
^  '  of  com,  sand,  sugar;  a  drop  of  rain 
Glr.\  sranrdog  bdun  seven  peas;  ^pren-rdog 
the  bead  of  a  rosary,  which  often  consists  of 
grains  of  seed ;  a  piece,  rdog-ybig  (how  many 
turnips  do  you  want.?)  one  C. 

?C?T'^'  rd4n8-pa  v.  sddns-pa. 


r» 


;Sr($C  rdom-Mh  v.  rdo-mcdn. 


gx'  ^^'  !•  ^  compound  words  for  rdrf- 
'      rye.  —  2.  n.  of  a  monastery  in  Tibet 
a.  Chronolog.  Table  1223  p.  C  —  3.  = 
sdor  Cs. 

^'^  rddl-pa  a  cobbler  Cs.,  proh.=yd6lrpa. 

ggrq-  rddl-ia,  pf.  and  fut  brdol,  vb.  n.  to 
^  rtdUbay  1,  to  come  out,  to  break  forth 
from,  to  gush  forth,  to  issue  from,  of  a  well 
of  water  (issuing  from)  Pth  ;  to  come  up, 
to  sprout,  to  shoot,  x>f  seed;  *so  ma  dol^  W. 
the  teeth  are  not  yet  cutting;  Koh-na^ 
rddUbai  glu  a  song  streaming  forth  from 
within  Mil. ;  mi-nod  rdoUiin  diseases  break- 
ing out  among  men  Mil.\  to  flow  or  run 
off,  of  the  water  of  a  lake;  klon  rddl-ba 
to  come  forth,  to  proceed  from  the  middle 
or  the  midst  of  Glr.  (the  meaning  of  this 
passage  is  not  quite  clear);  rdol-yzer  an 
instrument  for  boring  metals  Sch,  —  2.  of 
vessels :  to  leak,  to  be  not  tight,  to  have  boles, 
snod  iahs'brddl  a  vessel  with  a  leaky  bottom 
Thgy.;  also  of  shoes,  covers,  tent-cloth  etc 
not  being  watertight;  to  break,  tO  burst,  of 
ulcers,  wounds;  gUhrdol  Med.  v.  gld-ba; 
rdol-ynydn  Sch.:  ^fistula;  gonorrhea'.  — 
3.  to  rave,  to  delirate;  to  be  sleep-waHdng, 
lunatic,  also  bla  rddl(jsmrd)'ba  Lex,^  where 
it  is  explained  by  bai-ddl;  ynyid-rddly  mig- 
rddl  a  id. 

g^q-  rdds'pa  1.  sbst, Cs.  =  ydos;hardos- 
'  14  Lex.  w.e.  —  2.  vb.  n.  Sch.-.  *to 

break,  burst,  flow  out,  dbu-ba^  or  Ibu-ba  the 
bursting  of  a  bubble'. 
Qj-  •  •  Ida  . . .  Ld.  frq    for  kla  . . .,  ^ . .  .^ 
^       zla  . . . 


289 


gr^ 


^^  Idd-gu 

Qpn*  Idd-gu  discourse,  speech,  conversation; 

'  J  W.:  *ldd'ffu  fan-he*  to  speal(;  *Wrf- 
gu,  si-ce  med^  one  cannot  understand  what 
18  spoken  or  said ;  Idd-gu-can  tall(ative  Cs, 
Qr?J5r  ^^-^^^5  Ld.'Glr.  dha-mdn,  a  COuple 
^  '  of  small  kettle -drums,  one  banging 
in  front,  the  other  behind,  the  latter  being 
beaten  by  a  second  person  that  follows  the 
bearer. 

Idu-ldi  a  kind  of  ornament  of  silk  or 
cotton,  a  fringe  or  tassel,  ddr-gyi^  rin- 
fO'lSei,  esp.  worn  in  sacrificing,  Lex, 
Qiqrq-  Iddg-pa,  pf.  hldags,  fut.  bldcbg^  imp. 
^  '  Idog^  to  lick,  Krag  blood ;  klad  Iddg- 
fa  the  brain  being  licked  up,  a  punish- 
ment of  hell  Thgy. ;  nd-bza^la,  or  -nas  to 
lick  a  person's  coat  Mil,;  ^Idag-  Idog*  W. 
=  pesruly  lit.  *a  lick',  i.e.  a  pap  prepared 
of  rtsdm-pa  and  ?aw,  licked  from  the  fingers, 
or  eaten  with  a  spoon. 
Qjj^-  Idan  1.  V.  Iddn-ba,  —  2.  for  ydan  stand, 
*  frame,  trestle.  —  3.  W,  ^Idan-lddn-la 
hir^  carry  it  lengthways!  opp.  to  pred\ 
^Idan-lddn-la  ddd-ce*  to  rock  with  one's 
chair. 

gjr'»5ff  ^^^-^ffo  the  yam-beam  of  a  loom 
^         '  Sch. 

Qj^'^jj-  Iddn  'SgO'  ska,  SsL  Jfxm^  Fouc, 
^  ^  ^  Gyatch,  ^^S^;  if  the  text  is  cor- 
rect, it  would  seem  preferable  to  connect 
ri-dags  with  Iddn-sgo-skay  and  to  render 
it:  *the  animal  Sarabha^  a  fabulous  eight- 
footed  creature  of  the  snowy  mountains. 
QlC'n'  Iddn-ba,  pf.  Idans  or  lans,  imp.  Idouy 
1.  vb.  n.  to  sldn-ba,  to  rise,  to  get 
up  (cf.  the  more  frq.  secondary  form  Idn- 
ha)y  ^gyM-ba-las  from  a  fall  Wdn,;  nydU 
Im  from  a  lying  position  Lex.;  stdn-las 
from  a  seat;  fo-rdns  in  the  morning  Lt; 
nd-mi-^es-pa-la  before,  or  in  presence  of 
a  stranger;  also  used  of  the  bristling  of 
the  hair,  Lt,^  of  the  rising  of  vapours,  per- 
fumes, dust,  of  a  wind  springing  up;  tO 
extend,  to  spread,  dri  ndn-pa  pyogs  bbur 
Uah  an  offensive  smell  is  spreading  in 
every  quarter  Tar,;  Jlrugs-pa  dbus-nas  the 
rebellion  (spread)  from  the  province  of  U, 
Ma.;  to  break  out,  md-ro  Idan  the  smoth- 


^a^q'  Iddrirpa 


ered  flame  breaks  out  again;  in  a  special 
sense  of  morbid  matter  that  has  accumu- 
lated (ysdg-pa)  Med,  frq.,  e.g.  Ka-zds  iu- 
nas  Idan  during  digestion  the  symptoms 
break  out  anew ;  dgrd-ru  Iddn-ba  to  show 
one's  self  an  enemy,  to  break  out  into  hosti- 
lities frq.;  to  arise,  originate,  break  out,  of  dis- 
ease, despair,  MU,;  also  for:  to  have  risen, 
to  stand,  but  only  in  certain  combinations^ 
Idan  dub  byid-pa  tired  from  having  been 
standing  (so  long)  Lt.  —  2.  W.  to  suffice, 
to  be  sufficient,  enough  (cf.  lon-ba)  =  Jiyid- 
pa,  of  food,  clothes,  money;  hence  Idan: 
•complete,  perfect,  entire,  whole,  *ras  nan-da 
rag-ma  gos  Idan  big*  cotton  cloth  with  lining 
(sufficient)  for  a  whole  dress;  *du-gu  gos 
Idan  nyis*  woolen  yam  for  two  complete 
dresses.  —  Idan  prob.  signifies  also  quite 
through,  cf.  Itan  II.;  Idan-fsdd  occurs  in 
medical  works,  and  in  many  cases  seems 
to  imply  quantity;  neu  -  Iddn  Lex,  =  na- 
mnydm  of  the  same  age  (Sch,  not  corr.). 
Qjr'q'  Iddd-pa  1.  vb.  pf.  and  fut.  bldady 
^  ^  imp.  Mod,  to  chew  Zam,j  W!;  skyug- 
Mad  Cs,y  V.  skyug  bldeg-bin  ldad-pa{?) 
Sch,  to  chew  the  cud,  to  ruminate;  log  Cs. 
1.  id.,  2.  rumination,  deliberate  reflection; 
Pur,:  *8pd  Idad-ias*  to  taste,  to  try;  Ld,: 
*  di  Idad  -  be*  to  smell  at.  —  2.  Ld.  for 
gldd^a 

QS3\G'  ^^^'P^  I-  sbst.,  also  mddn-pa  Lex,y 
^  '  cheek,  Iddn(-pai)  so  cheek-tooth, 
molar  tooth;  Idan-lbdg  Cs,  a  blow  on  the 
cheek,  a  box  on  the  ear;  *den'ts6g*  C, 
id. ;  *mi  dM  -  la  den  -  tsog  gyag  (or  gyab) 
soil,  mi  dhe  den-tsog-ghl  mdn-po  dun  son* 
his  ears  have  been  soundly  boxed;  metaph. 
gt^og  -  Iddn  the  cheek  or  side  of  a  ravine 
Mil.  nt, 

II.  vb.  and  adj.  1.  originally:  to  be 
near  to,  hard  by,  a  thing,  (juxta),  hence 
W.  *lddn'la,  Iddn-du*,  adv.  and  postp., 
near  to,  by,  *ne  Iddn-la  dv^*  sit  down  by 
my  side;  *sin-gi  Iddn^du*  close  by  the 
tree;  *nai  Iddn-du  hog*  come  near  to  me! 
*gdm-mi  Iddn-du*  near  the  box;  *fser- 
Tndn-hi  Iddn -la  dul-be*  to  go  along  the 
side  of  a  hedge.  —  2.  in  B.  and  C.  only 

19 


290 


^a^(q-)2f  WdnC-pa)-^ 


used  with  reference  to  possession  (penes), 
mostly  as  partic.  or  adj.,  and  construed  like 
btds-pa,  having,  being  possessed  of,  provided 
with,  =  dan  (which  in  W,  is  almost  ex- 
clusively used  in  this  sense).  The  objects 
may  be  things  of  any  description,  also 
physical  and  mental  properties,  so  that 
Iddn-pa  differs  in  this  respect  from  beds- 
pa  {Tar.  136,  14.  15);  nor  dan  Iddn-pa, 
rich,  wealthy;  sems-tan  dan  Iddn-pa  with 
child;  bu  dan  bu  ••  mor  -  Man  -  pa  having 
children;  rig -pa  dan  Iddn-pa  wise;  with 
a  negative:  nor  dan  mi  Iddn-pa^  dan 
Idan-par  .ffyur^ba  to  get,  to  Obtain,  frq.; 
Iddn-du  Un-pa  Glr.  101,  1  is  stated  to 
mean  the  same.  Poetically,  and  forming 
part  of  certain  expressions  and  names, 
without  dan  and  pa,  like  ban:  nor-lddn, 
dga-lddn^  Jbyor-lddn.  —  3.  Iddn-pa  and 
Idan  dan  ^dus-pa  seem  to  imply:  mixed, 
compound  (opp.  to  rkydn-pa)  with  regard 
to  temper  and  disposition  of  mind  S,g. 

—  4.  to  add  up,  sum  up,  Wdk,  —  5.  W. 
*gun'ka  f9ug^pa  Idan  yin*  it  will  be  enough, 
it  will  hold  out,  till  winter -time,  prob. 
only  a  corruption  of  Iddn-ba.  —  6.  Pur.^, 
=  cS^>  regularly,  properly,  duly,  rightly. 
Qj^/q'\gf'  lddn('pa)^  one  that  has,  that 
^  '  ^  is  able,  a  man  of  ability  Cs. 

W^^'  Jdavrma  n.  of  a  country  Ma, 

Qj^ir-  Idan-tsdd  equivalent  to  ^dus-fsdd 
^"^  Jl%.  35(?). 

Qjn'Sfl'  Idab'ldib  (skad)  Lea.  silly  talk, 
"    ^     titHe-tattle. 

ajq-ajq*  Idab'lddb  Lex.  w.e.,  Cs.  indolence, 
^  ^  dullness,  drowsiness;  ace.  to  others, 
a  hasty,  volatile  manner. 

QJfl'n'  Iddb-^a^  pf.  bldabs,  fut  bldab^  imp. 
^  Idob,  1.  Cs.  to  do  again,  to  repeat; 
ski/dr-lddb  Lex.^  Sch.:  repeatedly,  anew, 
afresh,  again;  nt/is-lddb  Lex.,  Sch.:  for  the 
second  time,  doubly,  twice;  *du'(J)dab  de 
san  ^en-mo  yodT  W.  it  is  ten  times  as  large 
as  that,  yet  cf.  Itdb-pa;  ^Iddbste  z^-na* 
W.  saying  it  once  more,  again,  in  short. 

—  2.  ?  Ld.:  *ldab  zum-fe  l^yer*  take  a 


firm  hold  of  him  (or  it)  with  your  hand, 

and  carry  him  (or  it)  away! 

QISI'QISI'  idum-lddm  C«. ,  Idam-pa,  very 

^    ^      idle,  slothful. 

gsgrgssT  ^^  ■  tdum  Cs. :  '  mean ,  pitiful, 

^    ^     sorry,  idle'. 

Q7^<^3T  ^^"^^^^  ^^  dubious,  uncertain, 

^     ^      used  of  things. 

Ql^q*  Iddr-ba  Cs.  to  be  weary,  tired,  faint, 

^  languid,  Idar-lddr-du  ^jgyfUr-ba. 

&-^-^-  Idir^H  (v.  Idir-ba)  the  rolling  Of 

'         thunder  Thgr. 

^^  Uig-pa  to  fail  or  aink  through  Sch. 

|^'q«  Idih-ba  to  be  swimming,  floating,  cf. 
^  rkydl-boj  W.:  ^cdh-ni  Kor-tdg-la  pahs 

Idin  dug*,  opp.  to  *fUrla  ner  or  nub**  to 
be  suspended,  floating,  soaring  (in  the  air), 
yndm-la,  ndm^mfca-la;  m/fd-ldin  v.  mKa. 

^I^T  kUn-Ka  V.  Itin-Ka. 

StlZJC'  ^^'^^^  *  bower  formed  by  the 

^    '       branches  of  a  tree,  the  leafy  canopy 

of  a  dense  wood  MU.;   Hn  yyu^lo  rgyds- 

pai  Jdih-Uah  the  wide  shady  porches  of 

turkois-leaved  trees. 

S^-rjfer  Min  -  dpon  an  officer  over  fifty, 

^      )     '  ace.  to  others,  over  a  hundred 

men,  =  brgyd-dpon,  a  sergeant,  captain, 

distinguished  by  a  copper  button  on  his 

cap,  Hook.ll,   160.  200.;  Idtn-^og  Sch., 

Idin  -  6o ,    the    troop   under  this   officer's 

command. 

Sjj^-^  Idin-se,  or  Idin -si  Ld.,  adv.  quite, 

^        very,  very  much,  *na  Idin  -  se  Mams 

zdn-po  yod^  I  am  quite  well;  *na  Idin-se 

ma  Jdd  son*  1  was  very  much  displeased, 

very  vexed;  perh.  also  *ldins  fag-pa-nas* 

for  ytin,  cf.  lins-pa,  or  perh.  in  Ld.  Idin 

is  the  form  for  ytin. 

S>q*q-  Idib-pa  1.  vb.,  pf.  bldib,  Sch.  = 

^  Iddg-pa.  —  2.  adj.  Cs.:  not  dear, 

not  intelligible,  *lia'dib*  W.  stammering, 

stuttering;  Idib-ldib  =  Idab-lddb. 

Sj5j-  Idim  W.  the  crash  of  a  falling  tree, 

^      the  report  oi  a  gun,  *ldim  z^-ra  rag* 

1  hear  a  crack. 

St^'S^  foKr  -  Idir  is  said  to  be  =  *di'rir 

"    ^      ri*  C. 


Si^fl'  Idtr-ba  1.  also  Itir-ba^  to  be  distended, 
^  inflated,  to  belly;  Uo-ldir  a  big  belly; 
Ud-ldir-tan  big-bellied.  —  2.  to  rush,  to 
roar,  of  the  wind  W.;  to  roll,  of  the  thun- 
der, ^brag  Idir  it  thunders;  Idir  bhin  like 
thunder;  Idir^sgra  a  thundering,  roaring 
noise;  IcUr-if^-ba  thundering  Thgr. 

ffl*4j    Idur^  =  ydu-ba^  ydu-gu. 

OTK^yq-  ldug(8)'pa,  pf.  Idugs  (Lex.\ 
5   '  Wtijr«  (usual  form),   fut.  bluffs 

imp.  i&i^(3),'col.  blug-pa^  to  pour,  «7kW-(iu; 
Idff'hi  blugs  pour  some  water  on  my  hands, 
give  me  water  for  washing;  to  sprinkle,  to 
strew,  sand  Olr, ;  to  cast,  to  found,  metals. 
Cf.  blugs  and  lugs, 

Qprw  Idddrpaj  pf.,  fut  and  imp.  bludy  coL 
^  '  blud'pay  to  give  to  drink,  to  water, 
cattle  etc.,  with  accus  of  the  drink  given, 
dug  blud'bih  mi  JH  he  does  not  die  by  a 
poisoned  draught,  btun-ba  blud  he  gives 
(him)  to  drink  Thgrr^  fug -pa  Ugs-par 
blud  -  bin  making  (another)  eat  plenty  of 
soup  L^.,  as  one  also  says:  fug ' pa  Jfiin-- 
ba  to  eat  soup. 

Qj^  Idum  1.  vegetables,  greens,  in  general. 
5  —  2.  W.  lettuce,  salad;  Idvm-^dg,  a 
kind  of  lettuce  Gj.;  Idum-bu  1.  Cs.  plant, 
stalked  plant  2.  prob.  for  Iddm-bu  Mil.;  3. 
C  vulgar  pronunciation  for  sddn-^po*  — 
—  Idum-ra  1.  W.  kitchen -garden;  2.  fruit- 
garden,  orchard,  and  3.  esp.  flower-garden 
(better  sdiim-ra);  Idumrra-pa  gardener  Pth. 

9I3Jr2r  Sy^^'WW  ^^^"1^9  Idum-ldum,  1. 

5         '  5     5      for  diimr^o  Qlr,;  2.  Ld, 

for  zlum-po^  round;  MU.  also  Idum-la  QgriU 

ba  made  round,  rounded  off. 

gyx-ajj;*  Idur  -  Idur  Lex, ;   Sch.:   roaring, 

^   ^     rushing. 

0^  fcfc?  Lexx.  mih^-gi^  '  Ide  w.  e.;  Ide-Ka 

"  iScA.:  'belonging  together,  of  the  same 

species'. 

S*qr    (Jn-  Ide-gUy  Ideu  Med,  1.  6i.  mh(- 

"J'   ^^  ture,  syrup  (?);  2.  ointment Wa«. 

m*CT-  M^-6a.  (ScA.  also  jdi-bd)^  pf.  (b)lde8y 

^      fut  i!c^,  imp.  2c^^  to  warm  one's 

self,  c.  accus.,  me^  at  the  fire;  nyi-ma,  in 

the  sun  (not  me-la). 


^8trCr  Idim-pa 


291 


Sj^Sa-  Ids-rndg  B,  and  C  (Ti.  col.  •d^ 
^  '  mdg^  BaL  ^le-mig^  otherwise  not 
in  use  in  W.)  1.  key,  Ide-  Mb  Glr.  prob. 
id.  •—  2.  introduction,  preface  Cs. 
Qjn-  Ideu  1.  Cs.  also  sdeu^  a  kind  of  pease, 
^^  Hind,  mj  —  2.  v.  Ide-gu. 
^OTq*  Id^'pa  (pf.  i2d^?)  to  quake,  shake, 
^  '  tremble,  e.  g.  of  the  palace  of  the 
gods  Dzl. 

^'Tj*  Id^-ka^  Idin-ka,  v.  ItSn-ka,  a  pond. 
(^q«  Ideb  1.  jS(?A.  leaf,  sheet,  of  paper;  2. 

3n'q'  W^6-|9a  1.  Ci.  ==  Id^g-pa;  2.  S<?A. 
^  to  bend  round  or  back,  to  turn  round, 
to  double  down. 

Q)q^  WeJs  1.  side.  Lex.  =  o^^^>  ^-g-  of 
^  a  mountain  jScA.,  the  flat  side  of  a 
sword  or  knife  Cs,;  rus-pai  Jyur-poi  Idebs 
by  the  side  of,  near,  the  protuberance  of 
a  bone.  —  2.  compass,  enclosure,  fence  Sch. 

—  3.  C,  W.  a  large  cloth,  in  which  a 
person  is  carried  by  several  others,  either 
by  means  of  a  pole,  or  by  taking  hold  of 
the  four  comers.  This  mode  of  conveyance 
is  called  Dandi  Qw^  Hindi).  —  4.  in  the 
Wdn.  it  seems  to  have  still  another  sig- 
nification. 

i^yr  Idem  1.  v.  Id^-pa  I.  —  2.  stafaie, 
^  idolatrous  image,  idol,  stauding  upright, 
cf.  IdSm-pa  II.,  C.  —  3.  suspension-bridge(?) 
Ld.'Glr.  Scfd.  17,  a;  v.  Id^m-pa  HI. 
m^-n'  Id^mrpa  I.  sbst.  1.  Cs. :  'contrariety, 
^  opposition,  irony\  which  seems  not 
to  be  quite  inconsistent  with  the  explanation 
given  by  Zam.,  drah-min,  as  being  an 
intentional  concealing  of  the  true  sentiment 

—  ld^(-po)  riddle,  enigma  (c£  fsdd-bya); 
mi-Idem,  byd-ldem,  b^m-ldem  an  enigma  or 
allegory  applied  to  men,  to  birds,  to  in- 
animate beings;  Id^m-poi  nag,  IdSm-ytam 
parable,  allegory;  ldem-dg6ns  Lex.  —  Ssk. 
^fi|4Jfvy,  prob.:  a  concealed  deceiitful  in- 
tention, ScA.:  'a  mysterious  opinion';  Idem- 
Tjdd'pa  Cs,  to  say  a  riddle  or  parable, 
*fcfem  fad-d/^  W.  to  propose  a  riddle,  Idem 
fs6d-pa  Cs,,  Iddrpa  Sch.,  to  solve  a  riddle. 

—  2.  TT.  a  trap  (C.  ^pur-nyi*),  ^bi^mm* 

19* 


292 


^^Ider 


mouse-trap,  *wcL-ldSm*  fox-trap,  ^tsiStg-te* 
to  put  a  trap. 

II.  adj.  1.  (Schr.  Idim-po)  straight, 
upright;  tall,  well-made.  Mil,  prob.  also 
Wdn.  —  2  partic.  of  III.,  inconstant;  un- 
stable, variable,  perishable  Cs, 

III.  vb.,  also  Idem-IMm-pa  ScL  to 
move  up  and  down,  striking,  trembling, 
vibrating;  yhog-^grd  IcUm-pa  the  clapping 
of  wings  ML;  Idem-ldim  flexible,  supple, 
elastic,  pliant 

^  the  side  of  a  wall,  on  a  wall,  e.g.  to 
paint,  to  scrawl;  rii  Ider, 
(^;^q*  IMr-ba  Cs,:  '1.  toughness,  clamminess, 
^  2.  potter's  clay'.  Ider-tso  C%,  l.  clay, 
2.  an  idol  made  of  clay  Mng.  —  IdSr-sku 
Glr,  prob.  «foKr-/^  2.;  ace.  to  others:  a 
picture  on  a  wall.  —  Idir-bzo  figures  mod- 
elled of  clay,  plastic  work,  Idir-bzd  Iha 
Zam.  =  Iddr-fso  2.;  lder-^zoi-ldeb%  Lex,  a 
clay-enclosure  (?)  —  Id^so  Glr.  88,  1.  2., 
by  the  context  also  figure,  image. 

W    Ido  side,  Ld,  for  glo. 

gjCT'n'  Iddg-pa,  pf.  and  imp.  log,  vb.  n. 
^  '  to  zlog-pa,  1.  to  come  back,  to  re- 
turn, to  go  home,  to  depart  —  2.  to  come 
again,  often  with  pyir,  of  diseases,  «=  to 
relapse;  in  a  specific  religious  sense  v. 
Jbrdi-bu  bki,  frq.;  dgrar  to  come  forward 
again  as  an  enemy,  to  renew  the  war  (ni  f.) 
Mil,  —  3.  to  change,  to  undergo  a  change), 
as  to  colour,  smell  etc.  MecL;  ogyur-ldog, 
and  Idog-^gyiir  Mng,  changeableness,  in- 
constancy, fickleness.  —  4.  to  turn  away 
(vb. n.)  las  from;  bio  Iddg-pa  id.  Thgy,; 
no  Iddg-pa  v.  I6g-pa,  The  partic.  as  adj.: 
d^'las  Iddg-pai  (the  thing)  opposed  to  that, 
contrary  to  it,  Wdn;  go-lddg  id.  Lt;  ingo- 
Iddg  Lex,?  —  Sch,  has  also  Idog-py^-ba 
distinguished,  different,  from  each  other,  and 
Iddg-pa  reciprocal,  mutual,  each  separately. 
C£  Idg-pa. 

'fSh'n^  Iddn-ba  1.  vb.,  pf.  Idons,  Ion,  tO 
^  become  blind,  to  be  blind;  to  be  in- 
fatuated. —  2.  adj.,  also  Id&ns-pa,  mddns- 
puy  blind;  infatuated.  Cf.  Idn-ba. 


*  ^  sdig 

fSh''^  Iddh  -  mOy  resp.  ysol  -  Iddh,  a  smaM 
^  chum,  used  for  preparing  tea,  ^gur- 

guVy  V.  sub  ja,  Cf  *don-du8*  Ld.  a  slave; 
Idon^msf 

ajr'5^  Idon-ros  Cs,:  n.  of  a  yellow  earth, 
^  bole,  ochre,  used  for  staining  the 

walls  of  houses;  Idon-ros-sa  Lt. 
(S'^ZT  Idon-pa  to  ghfo  or  pay  back,  to  re- 
^^       turn,  =»  kUip-pay  gldn-puy  esp.  with 
Ian,  to  answer  Dzl. 

^n'Zj'  td^b^a  to  apprehend  quickly;  to  be 
^  witty,  to  be  quick  in  repartee  Cs.; 
Idobs'skyhi  Lex.y  explained  by  h^-sla^ba 
understanding  readily? 
gj^q-  hUmrpaf  rag-ld&m^a  is  stated  to 
^  be  =  rag-Uis-pa  Ld. 

ggwq-  UUm-bu,  less  frq.  Iddim-bu,  often 
^  ^  preceded  by  ro-sny&ms  alms,  con- 
sisting of  food;  Idom-bu  byid-pa  to  ask 
such  alms;  Iddm-sa  alms-house,  house 
where  beggars  receive  food;  Iddm-bu-ba 
a  person  living  on  alms,  a  beggar.  Mil,,  PA, 
«![-•«•  zddnbay  p£  sdans,  I.  to  be  angry, 
^  wrathful,  mi  dgd-Hn  sddn-ste  grow- 

ing angry,  flying  into  a  passion  Dd, ;  gen. 
c.  la:  to  hate,  to  be  inimically  disposed,  frq. ; 
sddn-bai  dgt^a  opp.  to  bydms-pai  ynyen; 
sdan-ba/r  s^ms-pai  dgrd-bo  id.  Wdn.;  Jiyim- 
mfses-kyi  dgrd-sdan-ba,  or  dgrd-ido^a  the 
neighbour's  grudge ;  sddn^^-hai)  sems,  sddn- 
bio,  most  frq.  he^ddh,  hatred,  enmity,  hosti- 
lity, ill-will;  (cf.  dug)  sddh'ba  tarns -bad 
Jig-pa  to  subdue  all  hostile  powers;  snar 
sddn-ba  the  former,  the  old  hatred  MiL; 
sdan-mig  Lex,  an  angry  look,  a  scowL 
II.  for  yddn-ba, 

SfC'^  sddn-bu  v.  yddh-bu, 
Sf^'^'  sddd-pa  v.  sddd-pa, 
^^'^'  sddm-pa  v.  sddmrpa, 

^x:^  sdar-ma  trembling,  timorous,  timid 
^  Dzl,  Zam. 

ST^  sdi'ba,  pf.  bsdis,  v.  sdig-pa, 

sdig  1.  thick  (?)  ysus-pa  sdig  Mng,  — 


2.  foundation  C,  rgydg-pa  to  lay  a 
foundation. 


i 

w  adig-pa  I.  also  sdig-pa  rwd-ban, 
col.  ^rd-tse^y  scorpion,  also  as  sign 
of  the  zodiac;  sddg'pa  dkdr-pOy  ndg-^po; 
$dig^rwd^  the  sting  of  a  scorpion;  sdig-dug 
the  poison  of  a  scorpion;  sdig-^dn  a  scor- 
pion's nest;  sdig-srhi  crab,  crawfish,  used 
both  as  food  and  medicine  Med.^  but  not 
as  designation  for  the  respective  sign  of 
the  zodiac,  v.  sub  %/w;  sdig-srin-JniLt  id.  ? 
II.  (Tjm)  sin,  moral  evil  as  a  power, 
sdig-pa-la  yid-^-pa  Dd,  ^«^5,  11  to  be- 
lieve in  sin  as  such ;  ^dms-pa  to  conquer 
sin,  as   something  hostile  to  man  Dom.y 
and    so   meton.   =   sinners,    adversaries; 
sometimes  perh.  for  sinfulness,  sinful  state, 
but  gen.  in  a  concrete  sense:  offence,  tres- 
pass, in  thought,  word,  or  deed,  Ka-^nd- 
ma-fd'bai  sdtg^pa^  or  nyh-pa  prob.  a 
grievous  sin  Dzl, ;  also  with  a  genit.,  rgydU 
pot  sdtg-pa  sbydn-ba  to  wash  away,  to 
expiate,  the  king's  sin;  also  ^ddg-pa^  siU 
ba,   W,  *ddd'd^;  Jbydn-ba  id.,  but  more 
in  an  intransitive  or  passive  sense;  so  also 
Jligs-pa  (y^dg-pUy  bhags^a)  to  confess,  as 
ace.  to  Buddhist  views,  confession  is  al- 
most tantamount  to  expiation  of  sin,   cf. 
also  ^dd'pa  and  bzdd^pa;  there  seems 
to  be,  however,  no  word  strictly  corres- 
ponding to  our  'forgiving'   of  sin;    sdig- 
ipaCyias  a  sinful  deed;  sdig-pa-la  dgd-ba 
to  love  sin,  to  be  wicked;  sdig-(pai)  grogs 
a  companion  in  vice,  an  associate  in  crime 
Dzl,;  sdig-pa  byM-pa,  spydd-^a^  to  commit 
sin,  to  sin;  sdig-pa  mi  byed-pai  yrd  a 
country  where  no  sins  are  committed,   a 
pious  country;  sdig-byM^  sdig^spydd  im- 
piotis,  wicked;  a  wicked  person,  sddg- pa- 
mams  byds-pa  id.  (more  accurately:  noXXa 
^fittQtTjxiog)  Stg,\  sdig-can  id.  (sdig-pa- 
ten  seems  not  to  be  in  use);  sdig-sgrib 
the  filth,  the  contamination  of  sin,  sdig- 
tgrib  fams-Md  siUba  to  cleanse  from  every 
defilement  of  sin  Glr.  (which  the  Ommani- 
padmeham  is  sufficient  to  do);  sddg-po  a 
tinner,  a  bad  character,  sdig-po  %  a  vile 
sinner  GZn,  MU,\  rdig 'to-tan^  ^TPft^,  — 
^-tan^  but  only  as  epithet  of  Dud;  sdig- 
blon  a  wicked  officer  Glr. 


293 


jOTT^  sdug-pa 


^(^yq^  «%(«)-?«,  pf-  *«%«,  f»it.  bsdig, 
^    '  imp.  sdigs^  and  sdi-ba,  pf.  bsdiSy 

ft.  bsdiy  1.  to  show,  to  point  out,  sdigs-rndzub 
a  pointing  finger,  . ,  .la  sdigs-mdztth  ytdd- 
pa  to  poiut  at . . .  (with  scorn  or  derision) ; 
sdigs-mdzi^b  ndm-mKor-la  ytad  pointing  with 
the  fingers  toward  heaven,  yet  not  in  a 
*  menacing'  (Ci.)  way.  —  2.  to  aim  C, 
bsdi{g)s'Sa  the  place  that  is  aimed  at, 
aim,  butt;  goal  Thgy.\  bsdh-pai  pydgs-m 
in  the  direction  of  the  aim  Thgy.  —  3. 
to  menace,  to  threaten,  Zdd-pas  with  punish- 
ment MU,  (ni  f.);  *  dig-be  pi-la*  Ld.  as  an 
alarm-shot;  Jtl-la  bddg-gis  ojigs-pa  iig-gis 
ma  bsdigs-na  if  I  do  not  threaten  him  with 
something  frightful,  if  I  do  not  strike  him 
with  fear,  DzL;  sdigs-mo  byid-pa  to  assume 
a  menacing  attitude  MU,^  to  threaten  taunt- 
ingly Thgy. 

^r^  ^dins  a  cavity  or  depression,  spdn- 
^  sdins  a  depression  on  a  grassy  plain, 

ri-sdins  on  a  mountain-ridge;  the  signi- 
fications given  by  Cs.,  'middle  part,  heart, 
core',  were  not  known  to  our  men  of  Tashi- 
lunpo. 

Sn'n"  «^-p^  l.Sch.  =  Idtb-pa.  —  2.  Tar. 
^  8,18  =  rft'6-pa. 

^— .«•  sdug-pa  I.  adj.  pretty,  nice,  Itd-na 
5>  to  look  atD^Z.;  *tsa-dhi-dug-pcf^  C. 

mint,  Mentha,  ^dvoafiov;  gen.  with  reference 
to  a  person:  what  is  agreeable,  pleasing, 
dear,  to  a  person  SsL:  fi^,  bddg-gi  bu 
ndh-gi  sdug-pa-la  the  most  beloved  of  my 
sons  DzL;  nai  bu  sdug  my  dear  son  Pth.; 
sdug-par  Jkin-pa  DzL,  shn-pa  DzL  frq., 
rtsi-baMiL^  to  love,  c.  dat,  gen.  with  regard 
to  parental  love;  sdtcg-par  ^yur-ba  to  be- 
come dear  to  a  person,  to  be  endeared  to, 
DzL;  mi-sdug-pa  not  fair,  ugly,  disagreeable, 
of  the  body,  of  a  country  etc.;  mi-sdug- 
pai  Un-ne-jdzi7^  Tar,  10,11  contemplating 
one's  self  and  the  world  as  a  foul,  putrid 
carcass  (v.  Tar.  Transl.  285,  foot  of  the 
page);  mi-sdiig-par  byH-pa  to  disfigure, 
pollute,  profane,  a  temple />?/., •  sdug-gu 
beautiful,  pretty,  handsome,  budrmid  sdug- 
gu  fams-^ad  all  pretty  women  DzL ;  there 
is  also  a  form  for  the  fem.  gender:  sdug- 


294 


JOTj'Cr  ^ug^pa 


S«^'5r  Bd&drpa 


gurma  Dd,;  sM-ge-ba  Cs.:  'the  state  of 
being  somewhat  pleasing' (?);  in  a  prayer 
occurs:  bod-bdm  sdug^ge  snyin-re^r^^  the 
good,  poor  Tibetans,  just  as  in  W.  ^sdug- 
pa-fs^  is  used ;  often  (but  not  necessfu'ily) 
rather  pityin^y:  Ko  sdug-fo-fsi  the  good 
man  (will  do  his  utmost);  ^ri-^a  sdug-pa- 
fs^  the  good  fieldmouse  (speedily  made 
off);  but  also :  ^sab  dug-pa-ts^  a-lu  hig  ton* 
tTT.  good  sir,  give  me  a  few  potatoes! 

II.  yb.  to  be  oppressed,  afflicted,  grieved, 
like  yd&n-bay  seim  Ids-kyis  sdug^nas  by 
sorrow  MU.;  *8em  mdn-po  mdn-po  dug  son* 
C,  I  was  very,  very  sorry  for  it;  .  .  .  pas 
sd'&g-^o  we  are  miserable,  because  . .  .DzL; 
sd&g-par  ^ur^ba  to  become  unhappy,  to 
get  into  distress  Dzl. 

in.  sbst.,  Ssk.  7:^,  affliction,  misery, 
distress,  bod  sdUg^pai  mgo  ^dzugs  that  is 
the  beginning  of  the  misfortunes  of  Tibet 
Ma.;  n^'la  sdug-pai  r^-mos  bob  (then) 
came  our  turn  of  being  visited  by  affliction 
Mil.\  more  frq.  sdug^  aud  sdug-bsndl  (v. 
below)  sdug^tu  mi  yon  ^dug-gam  are  you 
not  in  distress?  M7.;  sdug  Ihi/r  by^d-pa 
to  undergo  hardships  (voluntarily),  to  bear 
affliction  (patiently),  to  suflFer,  in  an  em- 
phatical  sense^  MU,;  sdug  wi  teg  you  cannot 
endure  the  hardships  MU.;  ^ka^dug  man- 
po  )h£  'pa*  C,  to  work  hard,  to  drudge; 
skgid^dug  good  and  adverse  fortune,  good 
luck  and  ill  luck,  very  frq.;  bde-^diig  id.; 
sdttg-sdgs  byid-pa  (the  contrary  to  tsogs- 
sdgs  bydd-pa)  to  accumulate  misery  upon 
one's  se\i  Mil.;  *dug  mdh-po  tdn-wd^  C\  to 
plague  or  vex  a  good  deal,  to  inflict  injury, 
c.  la;  yian^sdug-gi  sddg-pa  the  sin  of  having 
done  evil  to  others  Mil.;  *dug  ZQ'-la  tan- 
wa*  C.  to  torture,  to  put  to  the  racl(;  sdug 
Jbdb-pa  to  be  in  mourning  Cs.;  sdug  srun- 
ba  to  mourn  Cs. ;  sdi&g  -  ian  col.  fatiguing, 
worrying.  —  sdug  as  adj.,  unhappy,  miserable, 
Pth.^  is  of  rare  occurrence. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  sdug-Kdn  a  chamber 
of  mourning,  a  darkened  room  Cs.  —  sdug- 
gds  a  mourning  dress  Cs.  —  sdug-bsndl  the 
most  firq.  word  for  misfortune,  misery,  suf- 
fering; also  pain,  sdug^shdUgyis  y duns-pa 


Dzl.,  sdug-bsndl  mydn-ba  ( W.  ^fdn-b^)  to 
be  in  calamity,  to  suffer  pain;  *dug-ndl 
tdn-way  t^-wa*  C.  (^tdn-b^  W.)^  to  inflict 
pain,  to  grieve,  to  torment ;  sdug^nal  dan 
Iddn-pa,  sdug-bsndl-dan  unhappy,  miserable; 
misery,  distress,  affliction ;  ^dug-ndl  jh/'pa* 
C.  to  lament,  wail,  moan;  sdug-bsnal-du 
^^gyiir-baU)  become  sorrowful  or  melancholy; 
*nd'la  nd-^OrH  ma  his-pe  dug-ndl  yod*  Ld. 
I  regret  my  not  knowing  Sanskrit;  sdug- 
bsndl' ba  (vb.)  to  be  unhappy,  (sbst.)  the 
state  of  unhappiness,  Thgy.;  sdug-bshdirbm 
skad  lamentable,  doleful  cries.  —  s<big- 
mf&g  C.  accumulating  calamity.  —  sdfug-Jri 
a  demon  Sch.  —  *dug-po*  C.  wretched  (road), 
savage  (dog),  ill-bred,  naughty,  unamiable; 
evil  (sbst.),  diig-po  byidrpa  to  do  evil  MU.; 
"mi'la  dug-po  tdn-^a*  C.  to  do  evil  to  a 
person,  to  molest,  trouble,  annoy,  injure, 
a  person.  —  sdug-pdns-pa  Stg.^  C,  poor, 
—  sdug-hoa  a  mourning-hood  Cs,  —  sdug- 
srdn  inured  to  hardships ;  the  being  hardened 
MU. 

&fr*  ^^t^  1*  Sch.:  the  folds  of  a  garment; 
5  ^  sdud'Ma  string  for  drawing  together 
the  opening  of  a  bag,rdrawing-hem.  —  2.  Cs. 
synthesis,  J>yedrsdud  analysis  and  synthesis. 
^^'ZT  ^'^^drpay  pf.  bsduSy  fut  and  likewise 
^  '       for  the  pres.  tense)  bsdu^  imp.  sdus^ 


\y  vb.a.  to  ^du-ba^  1.  to  collect,  gather, 
lay  up,  amass ^  assemble,  riches,  flowers, 
broken  victuals,  taxes,  crops,  earnings,  men, 
cattle  etc.,  frq.;  to  put  together,  to  compile, 
mih-mams . . .  nas  bsdus  the  names  have 
been  put  together  out  of . . .  Glr.;iQ  brush 
or  sweep  together,  W. :  *]iyimr-sa  oUmo-ne 
(or  danf  the  dust  with  a  broom;  dbdh- 
du  to  subject,  subdue,  frq.  —  2.  to  umie, 
join,  combine ;  hin  ysum  mgo  three  pieces 
of  wood  at  their  upper  ends  Dzl.;  six  king- 
doms into  ow^Dzl.  (to  join)  actions,  words, 
andthoughtsinthepath  of  virtue  X^.;  dmdij' 
mam»  U&r-du  (joining)  the  troops  witii  his 
retinue  Dzl. ;  Uyo-hug-tu  to  unite  in  matri- 
mony, to  give  in  marriage.  —  3/ to  condense, 
to  comprise,  all  moral  precepts  in  three 
main  points,  the  letters  of  the  alphabet 
in  five  classes  Oram.;  esp.  with  nyun-nwr^ 


SSr^  sdum-pa 

zi^'tsam,  to  contract,  compress,  abridge,  frq., 
deyan  b^du-na  if  one  shortens  it  still  more, 
if  it  is  abridged  a  second  time  Gram.; 
*dv8-lian*  W.  brief,  concise,  compendious; 
*du'yig*  C.  abbreviation,  abridgment;  bsdus- 
^el  an  abridged  commentary  Tar,  177,7; 
to  close,  conclude,  finish,  terminate,  rr^ug 
adud-pa  to  close  a  train,  opp.  to  sna  ^drin- 
pa  Mrtg. ;  sldr-bsdii-ba  concluding  a  sentence 
or  period  with  the  finite  verb  in  o,  Gram. 
—  4.  bsddts-fa  to  consist  ofor  in,  c.instrum., 
e.g.  yi^e  drug-gk  of  six  letters  Thgy.  — 
5.  to  boil  down,  to  inspissate  Lt,  bsdus-Hu, 
yduS'Muy  a  preparation  thus  obtained  Med. ; 
bsduS'fdn  prob.  id.  Med.  —  6.  scil.  bsdd- 
nams:  bsd^a  mam  bhi  the  four  ways  of 
collecting  merit  Glr.  —  7.  dbug^  sdud-pa 
Med  J  bsd&'ba  sbst.  collection,  gathering 
Tar.  33, 16.  —  bsdus-yiom  or  ^jom  Schr.: 
a  machine  for  executing  criminals  con- 
structed in  such  a  manner,  that  the  head 
is  crushed  by  two  stones  striking  together; 
Stg.:  D.  of  one  of  the  hells 
Kj^a"  sdum-pa  1.  vb.,  pf.  bsdumsy  fut 
5>  bsduTTiy  imp.  8dum(8),  vb.a.  to  ^dum- 

pa,  to  make  agree^  to  bring  te  an  agreement, 
mi'mfun-pa'mams  things  not  agreeing 
Sch.y  to  reconcile,  to  conciliate,  mi-mdzd- 
ba^mams  enemies  Thgy.\  sddm-'par  byid- 
pa  id.;  s^MW-iy^rf (resp.  mdzad),  8dum('pd)' 
po,  sdiim-mKan,  conciliator,  pacifier,  peace- 
maker; res  Jirugs-pa  res  bsdum-pa  mdn-du 
byitn-no  at  one  time  they  were  at  odds, 
at  another  they  were  at  peace  with  one 
another  Tar.  —  2.  sbst.  house,  mansion  C; 
yzhn^sdum  (resp.)  bed-room ;  sduTnrra  garden 
near  the  house,  cf.  Idum-ra. 
S^fl*  8cter-ia,  pf.  and  fut.  bsdur^  to  COm- 
5  pare,  go-sdur  bySd-pa  id.,  v.  go  2; 
nyams  sdur  byid-pa  C.  to  compare  different 
texts;  ""tam-dur^  W.  judicial  examination, 
trial. 

^  sde  (iSsAj.in  compound  words  %ifT)  part, 
^  portion,  of  a  whole,  e.g.  of  a  country, 
also  y^lrsdcy  province,  disb'ict,  territory,  even 
village  C,  bin-sde  the  places  or  villages  of 


S*  sde 


295 


the  Bonpas  Glr.;  sde-^en-la  snyig-pa  to 
aim  at  an  extension  of  territory  Dom.\ 
part  of  the  human  race:  nation,  people,  tribe, 
clan,  community,  pd-rol-gyi  sde  jdms-pa 
to  conquer  hostile  nations;  class,  e.g.  of 
letters:  phonetical  class;  sde  sder  bgd-ba 
to  divide  into  classes  Cs.;  classes  of  books: 
mdd'Sde  the  Satras,  v.  sub  mdo;  rgyid- 
sde  the  Tantras,  v.  sub  ryyud;  sbydr-sde 
bH  the  four  volumes  treating  of  pharmacy 
Glr. ;  of  monks :  community  of  monks,  body 
of  conventuals  (consisting  of  not  less  than 
four  persons);  hence  convent,  monastery, 
sde  btsugs  he  founded  convents  Glr. ;  Jfos- 
sde  '\A.\  class  of  religious  followers,  philo- 
sophical school,  sde  ba  the  four  (principal) 
schools  Tar.;  Iha  srin-gyi  sde  brgyady  Iha 
klu-la  sdgs-pai  sde  brgyad  the  eight  classes 
of  spirits,  frq.;  it  is  also  used  for  a  great 
quantity,  great  many,  lots  of;  and  by  im- 
proper use,  or  by  way  of  abbreviation  for 
sd^a,  sde-dpon,  commander^  ruler. 
Comp.  and  deriv.   sde-sk&r  Glr.  district 

—  sde-Mrugs  insurrection,  general  revolt  of 
a  people,  byM -pa  to  excite  one  Ma.  — 
sde-sndd  ysum,  fifMd%  ^he  three  baskets', 
viz.  the  three  classes  of  the  sacred  Bud- 
dhist writings,  jiuHai  (discipline),  mdo- 
sdM  (Satras),  sndgs-kyi  sde-sndd  (Mantras, 
i.e.  metaphysics  and  mysticism),  hence  sde- 
stidd-lasbydn-ba  to  study  the  sacred  writings 
Mil.  —  sd^-pa  1.  the  chief  or  governor  of 
a  district  C,  =  ^<^-|9a  W.,  majordomo  of 
the  Dalai  Lama,  KSpp.ll.,  134;  in  a  general 
sense:  a  man  of  quality,  a  nobleman  Ma. 
2.  a  letter  of  a  certain  phonetic  class,  or 
the  phonetic  class  itself,  sdi-pa  bid  -  pa 
the  fourth  phonetic  class,  the  labials  Gram. 
So  the  word  is  also  used  for  denoting  a 
certain  class  or  school  of  Buddhist  philo- 
sophers. Tan,  frq.  —  sde-^p&n  ==  sdi-pa  1, 
signifies  also  a  class  of  demons  Dom.  — 
sde-fsdn  class,  e.g.  phonetic  class,  =  sde; 
a  particular  kind  of  writing,  nd-ga-ri  sde- 
fsdn  Glr.]  —  sde-^yzdr  Sch.  lawlessness, 
anarchy,  sde-yzdr  cM-po  general  anarchy  (?) 

—  sde -yarn  (spelling?)  court,  court-yard, 
=  tyams.  —  sde -rigs  dominion ;  territory, 


296 


S*^  sde^a 


^^■^■['1 


^'^q'sddd-pa 


Glr.  —  sde-srid  1.  province,  kingdom  Cs.  2. 
regent,  administrator,  in  more  recent  time« 
title  of  the  sd^-pa  of  the  Dalai  Lama,  and 
the  rulers  of  Bhotan.  Kopp.  11.,  154. 
^^'  8de-ba(?)  W.  *i'ru  (U-be  med*  there 
^  is  here  no  room  any  more. 
^q-  sdeb  (Jjiebs)  time,  times,  =  Ian  W., 
^      e.g.  four  times. 

^fl'ZT  ^^<^9  pt  bsdebsy  fut.  bsdeb^  imp. 
^  sdebs,  1 .  to  nungle,  mix,  blend  (pyogs) 
yHg'iu  together,  Lea,^  cf.  zbyir-ha.  —  2.  to 
join,  unite,  combine,  cird8-m  sdeb^a  Mil,^ 
by  the  context:  sewed  well  together,  — 
but  drds-9uf  —  Gen.  vb.n. :  to  join,  to  unite, 
dan  with,  also  Za,  sems  miff  dan  bsdibs- 
na&  Itay  md-ba  dan  bsdAs-nas  nyan  Mil. 
the  soul  sees  by  joining  the  eye^  it  hears 
by  joining  the  ear;  to  join  company,  to 
associate,  to  hold  intercourse  with,  Mil.;  also 
to  have  sexual  intercourse  Pth.^  cf.  ^dr^- 
*«>  oS^^'P^->  dzom-pa.  —  3.  to  prepare, 
dress,  get  ready  (victuals)  ScA.,  cf.  fiy&r- 
ba.  —  4.  to  exchange,  barter,  truck  tor,  *bdff' 
pe  dds'la*  W,  flour  for  rice;  in  this  sense 
prob.  also  used  by  Mil. ;  to  change,  money, 
*nul  deb  saT'  please  change  me  a  rupee 
(not  so  in  C).  —  5.  to  make  poetry,  to 
compose  verses,  at  the  end  of  poems:  ^- 
pa  . . .  kyis  scUb-pao  the  above  verses  have 
been  composed  by . . .;  =  sbydr-ba, 
^q*^'  sdeb'sbydr  1.  composition,  esp. 
^  5  poetical,  poetry,  —  2.  yi-gei  sdeb- 
sbydr  orthography  Schr,,  Cs,,  Sch, 
^x^^^  sd^-ma,  resp.  ysolsd^,  dish,  platter, 
^  plate,  saucer;  sder-gdh  a  plateful,  a 
dish  (of  meat  etc.),  esp.  C, 
^K(^\  «d^(-'Wo)  claw,  talon,  sd^-kyu 
^  ^  ^  Sch.  id.;  sd^-mo  mo  a  sharp 
claw;  sd^'ban  furnished  with  claws,  sder- 
mid  without  claws;  sder-^dzin  byidrpa  to 
seize  with  the  claws  Cs.;  stag(^^)'8d^r  a 
tiger's  claw  Lt ;  sder-Mys  animals  provided 
with  claws  Mil. 

^m^*  sdo'Mdm  Sch.  belonging  together,  a 
^ '        pair(?j. 

^q-  sdd  "  ba,  pf.  (b)8do8^  fut.  bsdo^  imp. 
^  sdos  (also  dd-ba  q.  v.)  1.  to  risk,  hazani, 
ventore,  gen.c.  da^,  sdso  cdat  or  accus.. 


bddff'ffi  lu8  one's  own  body  Dom.;  lus  frog 
dan  frq.,  lu;s  dan  srdg-la  Dzl.  —  2.  to  bear 
up  against,  sdug-bsnal,  nyon-Tndm-pa  dan^ 
against  heavy  trials,  against  toil  and  drudgery 
DzL;  to  bid  defiance,  to  an  enemy  Z^., 
also  to  behave  with  insolence,  contemptuously 
Dzl.  —  3.  Idg-pas  Dzl.  99Q,6(?). 
^Cjif  sddn-po  (C.  vulg.  *dum-po*  1.  trunk, 
^  stem,  body  of  a  tree  Glr.  —  2.  stalk, 
of  a  plant,  pddmai  of  a  lotus;  sdon-po 
Koh-ston  a  hollow  stalk  Wdn. ;  sd6n-poi  sde 
the  class  of  stalked  plants  Cs. — 3.  tree,  also 
Hn'sddh^-po)  frq. ;  Uhsddh  rkan-ybig  a  tree 
of  a  single  stem  Glr.\  Hn^sddn  Mon-rul  a 
tree  rotten  at  the  core;  col.  fig.  barren, 
of  females,  prob.  jestingly.  —  4.  block,  log. 
Comp.  (ws. :  sdarsddn  trunk  of  a  walnut- 
tree,  hig-sddn  stem  of  a  juniper-tree;  fsil- 
sdon  a  tellow-candle;  Hyags-^don  an  icide. 
—  m(Sod'9d6n  (Sch.  '=  miod  -  rtin) ,  in  a 
botanical  work  it  was  explained  by  'wick', 
=  idon  -  refo,  which  seems  to  be  more  to 
the  purpose,  as  a  blossom  is  compared 
with  it.  —  sdon^kdn  v.  sdon-rds.  —  sdon- 
diim  stomp  of  a  tree,  sddn-^iim  fsig-pa  the 
burnt  stump  of  a  tree  C«.  —  Mn-bu  Cs. 
1.  a  small  trunk.  2.  stolk.  3.  wick.  —  sdoh- 
rdSy  sdoh-Hn^  sdon-rkdn  C.  a  wick  of  cotton, 
of  wood,  of  pith;  cotton  wicks  are  used 
esp.  for  sacred  lamps. 
SC'fl'  Sc?J'iy'  Bddh-bay  sddns-pa  (Sch. 
^        '    ^  also  rddns-pa)  pf  .  bsdons, 

fut.  bsdon^  to  unite,  to  join  (in  undertakings), 
to  enter  into  a  confederacy,  to  associate  one's 
self  with,  c.  dan  (also  accus.?);  Hyod  dan 
na  sdSn-ste  ^o  you  and  I,  we  will  go 
together;  sddns-zla  prob.  =  dor-grdgi. 
^r'n*  ^ddd'pa^  pf.  and  fut.  bsdad,  resp. 
^"  biis^a,  W.  ^ddd'de^  1.  to  sit,  frq., 
*sil-la  dod^  W.  sit  down  in  the  shade!  ddlr 
bar  sddd'pa  to  sit  still  Lt  —  2.  to  stoy, 
to  tarry,  to  abide,  tdg-mar  der  bsdad  for 
the  present  I  will  stay  here  yet  a  litde 
longer  Mil. ;  nydlr^nas  bsdad-^dug-pa  to  lie 
down  and  to  continue  lying  Mil.;  *dQ^'du 
Jug-pa*  to  receive  hospitably,  ^mi  Jug- 
pa*  to  deny  reception,  to  send  awayC; 
to  stop,  to  halt,  in  running,  walking  Dzl. ; 


^sr 


297 


sdom 


^^  brda 


to  wait,  re  iig  ma  bsddr-par  sddd-biff  wait 
a  little  yet  before  beginning  to  kill  DzL; 
skdd-big  kyah  sddd-pai  Ion  m^d-par  without 
waiting  even  for  a  moment  Glr. ;  Ld. :  ^Itos- 
te  ddd'de*  to  wait  and  see  whether  etc.; 
*8dm'te  ddd-de*  to  wait  for,  hope  for,  to 
look  forward  to,  *gug^te  ddd^be*  id. ;  Trtdo- 
sde  Jti  Jkd-zin  sddd-na  as  long  as  the  au- 
thority of  this  book  is  acknowledged  Dom, ; 
^zagdan  hyvr^kyir  dad  dug*  W,  (this  thing) 
always  remains  round  (crooked),  it  will 
not  get  straight.  —  3.  to  be  at  home,  *d^' 
yo'*  he  is  at  home,  *de^  me^*  he  is  not  at 
home  C\;  to  live,  reside,  settle  at  B,  and 
coL;  bka-^ddd  Lea:,^  C:  1.  attendant,  waiting 
servant,  2.  aid-de  camp. 
g^  sdom  1.  Lea,  and  C.  spider.  —  2.  sum- 
^  mary,  contents,  spit  sdom  i.  table  of 
contents,  index  S.g.  2.  general  introductory 
remarks,  introduction,  also  sdom-fsig;  sddmr 
la  summarily,  to  be  brief,  in  short 
^w^  sddm^a  I.  vb.,  pf.  bsdama^  bsdoms, 
^  fut.  bsdarriy  bsdom^  imp.  sdom(j8\ 

W,  *ddm-de*  1.  to  bind,  Idags-^grdg-gis  to 
fetter  Cs,;  to  bind  or  tie  fast,  to  pinion;  to 
bind  up,  to  dress,  wounds.  —  2.  to  fasten, 
to  fix  firmly,  e.g.  by  a  screw- vice;  /cro-^ 
by  melted  metal,  i.e.  to  solder;  so,  to  press, 
grind,  or  strike  the  teeth  together,  to  gnash, 
as  in  anger  jF^.;  to  fasten  securely,  the 
door  Dzl.^  Pth. ;  rtsd-lca  to  close  an  opened 
yem  Med.;  hence  in  general,  3.  to  stanch, 
stop,  to  cause  to  cease,  rUa-krdg  hdr-ba  the 
bloody  flux  Med.;  to  bind,  consb'ain,  render 
harmless,  to  neutralize,  nyis-^a  an  evil  Lex.y 
Sch.  —  ^  W.  *liab'8a  dam  dug*  the  shoe 
pinches.  —  5.  to  make  morally  firm,  to  con- 
firm, spyddrpa^  one's  conduct,  to  conform 
it  strictly  to  the  moral  law.  —  6.  with  or 
without  bdag-nyidj  to  bind  one's  self,  to 
engage  €%.  —  7.  to  add  together,  to  cast  or 
sum  up,  rgyvd  bii  bsddms-pas  leu  7>t^  all 
the  four  Gyud  together  have  154  chapters; 
yd^«-«u  bsdus-pa-la  taking  all  together  Tar. 
U.sbst^run^  obligation,  engagement,duty, 
Mmrpa  Ufirfa  Glr.^  ^dzin-pa  Cs.y  to  enter 
into  an  engagement,  to  bind  one's  self  to 
perform  a  certain  duty,  mi-la  Jbdgs-pa  to 


bind  a  person  by  duty,  by  oath,  to  swear  in 
Glr.  (e.g.  in  convents,  in  the  relations  of 
priests  and  laymen) ;  srun-ba  to  be  true  to 
one's  duty,  to  keep  one's  engagements;  Jhr 
a  duty  is  violated  Glr. ;  nd-la  sddm-pa  med 
I  have  renounced  my  vow  Glr.  —  addm- 
pa  ysum,  ace.  to  Glr,  and  other  more  recent 
authors,  are:  80-{dr  (v.  so-sd),  byan-s^ms, 
and  ysan-sndgS'kifi  sdom-pa, 

Comp.  8dom'ltdn(?)  neck-bell,  bell  at- 
tached to  the  neck  of  cattle.  —  sdam-bySd 
1 .  one  that  binds,  by  duty  etc.  2.  an  astringent 
medicine  Ca.  —  sdom-yz^  rivet  of  a  pair 
of  scissors  or  tongs  Sch. 

^^'^  sddm-bu  Sch.:  a  ball;  a  round  tassel. 

gx*  3x'  sdor^  rdor  1.  (like  oxfiov)  that 
^  '  '  which  gives  relish  to  food,  sea- 
soning^ condiment,  esp.  fug-sdor  that  which 
gives  substance  to  soup,  viz.  meat;  tisasddr 
salt  and  meat.  —  2.  spice,  sddr-gyi  rkydU 
pa  spice-bag  S.g.;  sdor-fdl  spice -powder 
Sch.  — 

qx-  brda  (H^)  Sign,  i.e.  1.  gesture,  cdgs- 
^  pa  ^ddd-pai  brda  man  -  du  bstdn  -  nas 
making  many  wanton  gestures  (or  giving 
hints,  intimations  v.  2),  Idg-brda  signs  with 
the  hand,  sans-rgyds  la  ysdUbig  tea  Idg-brda 
byas  they  beckoned  to  him  to  ask  Buddha 
Dzl;  *mig'da  tdn-be*  W.  to  give  a  hint 
with  the  eye,  to  wink.  —  2.  indication,  in- 
timation, symptom,  token,  mi-rtdg  ^gyur-bai 
brdao  it  is  an  indication  of  their  frail  con- 
dition Thgy. ;  symbol  Pth.^  brdar  as  a  symbol, 
symbolically ;  de  gan  yin  Jiri-bai  brda  atdn- 
pa  to  ask  for  a  thing  by  symbolic  signs, 
in  symbolic  language  Glr.;  brda  9pr6d-pa^ 
^prdd-pa,  sbydr-ba^  ^grol-ba  to  explain,  de- 
scribe, represent,  with  accus.,  and  prob.  also 
with  genit. :  yin-ltu/s-kyi  brda  ^grdl-ba  Mil, 
to  explain  the  essence  or  nature  of  things 
(ni  f.) ;  meton.  dei  brda  H  lags  what  may 
be  the  symbolical  meaning  of  it  Mil.  — 
3.  word,  Jbdd'pai  brda  interjection  Li^.; 
^diil'bai  brda  word  out  of  the  Dulwa  Zam.; 
dris-pai  brda- myth  an  obsolete  word  for 
'being  asked',  LfCx.;  brdd-sgyur- pa  Sch. 
interpreter,  dragoman  Sch.;  brdai  bld-ma  is 


298 


^^' 


brda 


^ 


na 


stated  to  be  a  Lama  who  instructs  by  word 
of  mouth  Mil.;  esp.  with  regard  to  the  spell- 
ing of  words:  brda  yan  mi  Jbra  sna-fsogs 
gyur  there  came  also  into  use  various  spell- 
ings Zam, ;  brda  -  myin  old  orthography, 
brda-ysdr  new  orthography  Zam. ;  bod-kyi 
brdai  bstan-bbds  title  of  the  Zamatog;  tsig- 
brda  =  tsig,  tstg-brdoryis  ^groUba  to  explain 
by  words  Mil. 

Comp.  brdd-dcad  language  by  symbolical 
signs  Mil.\  prob.  also  nothing  but  the  usual 
language  by  words  Glr,  —  brda-Md  (prob. 
for  ^^ad,  from  Jidd^a  II.),  m^-lon-gi  brda- 
^dd  the  language  or  evidence  of  the  mirror; 
so  prob.  also  Tar,  210, 22.  —  brda-sprdd^ 
brdasbydr  1.  explanation,  min-don  brda- 
sprdd  explanation  of  the  import  of  names, 
tide  of  a  small  Materia  Medica  by  a  cer- 
tain Wairocana.  2.  orthography  Gram.^  PiL 


—  brda  -  Ion  Mil.  is  said  to  be  =  6^- 
lan.,  verbal  answer.  —  brda-lags  insignis', 
ace.  to  Cs,  in  Joum.  As.  Soc.  Beng.  V,  384. 
gxc^'n*  brdid-ba  1 .  Lea.  w.e. ;  Sch.  to  de- 

^        ceive,  to  cheat  2.  Sch.  to  swing, 
brandish,  flourish,  yydb-mo  a  fly-flap. 
^?^'^^^'  *rc%.^?08-pa  to  slip,  to  slide, 

^1,  to  lose  one's  footing. 

—-.«—.  bsddr^ba.^  Sch.:  mdun-du  bsddr-ba 

^        to  hope,  to  expect  or  wait  for  a 
favour.    In  DzL  7^Li  18  the  better  reading 
(accordant  with  the  manuscript  of  Kyelang) 
is  sdur  {^  sdu-bar). 
q^2n«jw  bsddgs^a ;  the  Lexa.  add :  grahy 

^  '  Cs.  to  compose,  prepare,  make 
ready,  nyer  bsdogs-pa  id.;  sna-fdg  bsddg^- 
pa  to  wind  the  rope,  which  is  fastened  in 
the  nose  of  an  ox  or  a  camel,  round  the 
horns  or  the  neck  of  the  animal 


^ 


3ina  1.  the  letter  n.  —  2.  num.  figure:  12. 

^  na  meadow,  C.  also  nd-ma;  nar  skye  it 
^  grows  on  meadows,  Wdn.  and  elsewh. 
(cf.  neu). 

^  na  I.  sbst.  1.  year(?)  v.  nd-nin.  —  2.  stage 
'  of  life,  age,  also  na-tsdd,  and  nd-so^  resp. 
sku-nd  (also  sku-ndsf);  na-tsdd  rgds-pas 
Wdn.  old,  of  an  advanced  age;  nd-so  yh&n- 
ie  Glr.  young;  skurnds  prd-mo  Mil.  of  a 
tender  age;  na-tsdd-kyi  dby^-ba  the  dif- 
ferent ages  or  stages  of  life;  {ska-)  ndr- 
son-pa  (Sch.  grown  old?)  Glr. :  of  full  age, 
adult,  grown  up;  *nd'SO'tsir'la*  W.  accord- 
ing to  age;  na-  cun  girl,  maiden,  virgin, 
na  -  ^n  bzdn  -  ttw  bbu  ten  beautiful  girls 
Dd. ;  normnydm,  -^drd^  -zld,  neu-lddh  Lex. 
of  the  same  age,  coetaneous;  *nd-dartgm- 
vw*  C,  a  festivity  given  by  wealthy  parents 


on  their  son's  birthday  to  him  and  his  play- 
mates, Bho^ld'da-tgm-mo*;  norprdyowng^ 
tender ;  na^yidn  =  yidn  -  na.  11.  postp.  c. 
accus.,  signifying  the  place  where  a  thing 
is,  1.  added  to  substantives,  in,  (more  ac- 
curately ndn-na  c.  genit.),  sometimes  also 
to  be  rendered  by  on,  at,  with,  to  etc.  md^ 
na  in  scripture,  IxHrgyks-na  in  a  book  of 
history  Glr.  \  dA-na  there,  in  that  place; 
of  time:  dtts-ydig-na  at  the  same  time,  dd 
fs^-na  at  that  time,  then  etc.  —  2.  added 
to  verbs,  either  to  the  inf.,  or  more  frq. 
(col.  always)  to  the  verbal  root:  in,  at, 
during  (the  doing  or  happening  of  a  thing), 
hence  a.  when,  at  the  time  of,,  bds-na  when 
I  called  Dzl.^  z^r-borna  when  he  said  Tar.\ 
bddg-gipa  fse  pds-na  when  my  father  shall 
have  died  Dzl. ;  with  nam*,  nam  dus-la  bdb- 
n^{W.  *dus  l^-na*)  when  the  time  comes, 


na 


3rQ3r  na-b^n 


frq.;  nam  ^grd-na  when  I  (you  etc.)  go, 
was  going,  shall  go.  —  b.  if,  in  case,  sup- 
posing that  (ficfi'),  the  diflferent  degrees  of 
possibility,  however,  cannot  be  so  precisely 
expressed  by  the  mood  in  Tibetan,  as  in 
other  languages;  with  or  without  a  preced- 
ing gdl-te^  H'Ste  etc.  (cf.  the  remarks  sub 
gan II.) ;  . . .  ma  mfdn  na, .  ,mi  rtogs-^ar 
dug  if  we  had  not  seen . . .,  we  should  not 
have  known  . . .  MU. ;  but  in  most  cases  also 
the  vb.,  to  which  it  is  subordinate,  is  put 
in  the  gerund:  jii  byds-na  brdrn-ze  ma  yin- 
pas  as  I  should  be  no  longer  a  Brahmin, 
if  I  were  to  do  that  Dzl. ;  further:  if  even  . . ., 
how  much  the  more  . . .!  in  asseverations: 
if . . .,  then  indeed  may  .  .  .!  then  I  would 
that . . . !  it  is  well,  that . . .,  it  will  be  well, 
if...,  na  UgS'80  frq.;  if  Ugs-so  is  ellipti- 
cally  omitted,  na  answers  to:  0  that!  would 
that!  also:  I  will;  in  an  interrogative  sen- 
tence, viz.  ^UgB-sam'  being  omitted,  to:  must 
I?  shall  l.*^  MiL:  cos  byds-na  wyam  (when 
we  are  with  you)  we  think,  we  will  be 
pious!  ^ig-rUn  byds-na  snyam  (when  we 
have  come  home)  we  think,  let  us  take 
care  of  temporal  things!  hi  drdg-na  (better 
H  byds^na  drag)  what  shall  we  consider 
the  most  advantageous?  —  c.  of  a  more 
general  signification:  as,  since,  whilst,  by 
(with  the  partic.  pres.),  =  fe  or  pas  Dzl, 
frq.,  dvg  zds-na  yan  even  by  eating  poi- 
sonous things  (he  was  not  hurt)  2(^^  3; 
wa  is  used  thus,  however,  only  in  con- 
janction  with  yan^  and  dtig  zds-na  yan  is 
the  more  popular  phrase  for  dug  zos  kyan 
In  careless  speaking  or  writing  na  is  also 
used  for  b^-na  Thgy,  frq.  —  3.  pleon.  added 
to  the  termination  of  the  instr.  of  substan- 
tives and  verbs:  rgyu  d4s-na  for  that  reason, 
therefore.  Hi  rgyus-na  for  what  reason,  why, 
wherefore  Stg.;  dd-bas-na  hence,  thus,  so 
then,  accordingly,  very  frq.;  kur-bas-na 
because  they  carried  Glr.;  also  added  to 
the  termination  of  the  termin. :  ji'ltar-na 
fr<l*i  fbig-tur^na^  ynyis-  su-na,  in  the  first 
place,  firstly  etc  Dd.;  sldd-du-na  Dzl; 
rgyorgdr  skad-dti-na  Thgy.  —  4.  incorr.  for 
noi,  col.  frq.;  its  being  used  for  the  termin. 


^^ 


is  very  questionable,  and  the  rare  instances 
of  this  use  in  books  may  be  regarded  as 
errors  in  writing  (e.g.  Dzl.  ^«^(3,  17  ndri- 
na  son  inst.  oinan-diL)^  whereas  the  con- 
trary, du  for  wa,  occurs  frq.,  and  is  to  be 
considered  as  sanctioned. 

III.  conj.  and,  Bal  (?)  -  IV.  v.  nd-Ka^ 
nd-ba. 
<3nz5'  wa-Afa,  =  spauy  greensward,  turf. 

^^  nd-ga^  Ssk,  for  klu. 

^(^"^  na-ga-ri  Sanslcrit,  Sanskrit-letters. 

3r^  ^-gi  Sch.  1.  being  ill(?).  2.  the  claws 

'   '  of  a  sea-monster(?). 
^rqj'aw^'  'T^o-ge-sar  Lt  =  Hindi,  for  irpi%- 
r\   '  ^^,  Mesua  ferrea. 

^QCQ'  na-Jja  W.  mock-Suns  and  similar 

'  phenomena,  v.  na-biin,  ^^^B^\h  ^^^'^ 

r*  nd-nin  (Cs,:  'for  nxur-myvfC)  the  last 
year;  gen.  adv.  last  year;  nd-nin^gi 
adj.  of  last  year  or  last  year's  (crop), 
x'q*  "nd-ba  1.  tO  be  ill,  sick;  inf.  also  the 
^  state  of  being  ill,  illness,  sickness,  nd- 
ba  ys6  -  ba  to  cure  it  Lty  though  nod  is 
more  in  use;  partic:  a  sick  person,  patient, 
nd'ba  dan  JH-ba  disease  and  death;  skye 
rga  na  ^<H  v.  skyi-ba  I.,  rgds-pa  dan  nd-ba 
old  and  sick  people ;  mi-nd-ba  ynds-pa  to 
remain  in  health  S.g.;  nd-ba-pay  nd-ba-ma 
Cs.  a  sick  person,  an  invalid  (male  and 
female) ;  nd-mo  a  female  patient  MU, ;  nd- 
bor-mlxan  a  sickly  person,  an  invalid  Cs.\ 
nd'ba-dan  sickly,  na-ba-m^d  healthy  Cs.; 
na  -  fdg  after  falling  ill  Sch,  —  2.  of  the 
separate  parts  of  the  body:  to  ache,  md- 
ba  (not  "bai)  nd-ba  pain  in  the  ear,  ear- 
ache; lus  fams'ddd  na  (my)  whole  body 
aches  Dom.;  so  nd-na  having  the  tooth- 
ache; ndn-na  na  it  aches,  when  pressed 
(with  the  fingers)  S.g,\  kldd-pa  nd-ba-la 
(good)  for  the  headache,  for  diseases  of 
the  brain;  na-^pr^n  complication  of  diseases 
or  fits  Sch. ;  na-^^a  dan)zug(^-rhu\  na^tsd 
disease  and  pain. 
^n^  na-bun  fog,  thick  mist,  tibsy  Jcyims 

^  ^  ^  comes  on ;  byin  -  rlahs  -  hyi  prob.  a 
cloud,  a  flood,  of  blessing  Mil. 


300 


^sr 


nct'-TlKl 


^ 


yw  nd-ma  1.  v.  na  I.  2.  also  wd-7no(ifiT^), 
'      praise,  ylory,  adoration,  na-mo  gu-ru 

praise  to  the  teacher! 

y  w  nd-ma  Ssk.  =  hes  byd-ba  80  called,  frq. 

Q,       in  titles  of  books. 

S^QWX  ^'^^^  (*^  ■  ^^*?  vulg.  *7id6  -  za^ 
'  wflw  -  za*)  resp.  for  ^ros,  garment 

dress,  &q.;  ysdUba  to  put  it  oo. 

(3rCl(3r  ^^"^^  ^t»8.  or  vulg.  for  na-bun,  old 
'^^  edition  of  MZ. 

3;'^'  na-rag^  Ssk.  JfK^  hell. 

(grx»'  na-rdm  medicinal  herb,  Medr^  in 


LA.  Polygon,  viviparam. 
(^  na-^'ke-la  Ssk,  COCOa-nut 


a,      ' 

<3r^'  ^d-re^  by  form  and  position  an  adv., 

'  like  ^di'skad-du]  before  words  or  sen- 
tences that  are  quoted  literally,  mostly  fol- 
lowed by  smrds-naSy  z^-ba-la^  but  not 
always,  in  which  latter  case  it  stands  for 
^he  says,  he  said'  etc.,  the  noun  being  always 
put  in  the  nom.  case,  never  in  the  instr.: 
^'pags'fa  na-re  the  Reverend  said ;  rarely 
in  accessory  sentences:  gdl-te  yidn-dag  ndr 
re  (not  nd-re-na)  si  forte  alii  dixerint  Wdn, ; 
even  without  gdl-te  in  the  same  sense  Thgy. 
It  hardly  occurs  in  old  classical  literature, 
nor  in  the  col.  language  of  W.,  but  pretty 
frq.  in  later  literature.  In  Kun.,  however, 
there  exists  a  vb.  nd-has  (*nd'Cd*)y  pf. 
nas  {*nd*),  imp.  nos  (*wo*)  which  is  used 
for  zSr-ba  (not  in  use  there),  and  is  con- 
strued with  the  instr. :  a-pa-su  nd  son  the 
father  has  said. 

S^  nd-ro  the  sign  for  the  vowel  0,  -^-^. 

SrX^  nd-ro  n.  of  a  holy  Lama  MU, ;  Tia-ro- 
r\     pa  Tar.  181, 10  id.?  nd-roi sems-^dzm- 
gyi  Uags-tdg  a  sort  of  puzzle. 
3rClJ<5'  na-landa  Pth.  nd-len-dra  Wdk.,  n.  of 

'    s   a  monastery  in  Magadha. 
r-§>'  nd  -  li  bowl,  basin,  an  iron  or  china 

1       dish  W. 

nar^na-le-sag  Lt,  ^al  S.g.y  =  H-kru 
'   '    Wdn.  (fira?)  D-  of  an  acrid  me- 
dicine. 
*m'  nag  (blackness?)  crime,  offence,  trans- 

'  '  gression,  v.  ndg-pa  comp.;  nag^ku-be- 
ra  V.  ku-be-ra. 


^5|' 


3!^^(^  ndgs(/ma) 

5prcr  5pr2f  ''^9'V^  &^^'  ^^9'f^i  Wack, 
'  '  '  '  "  ber  pyi  ndg-pa  nan  dkar- 
ba  a  garment  outside  black,  inside  white 
Glr.\  *ndg'po  m^i  hi*  do  not  blacken  it, 
do  not  soil  it!  of  the  countenance  dark, 
frowning,  gloomy,  mournful  Glr.;  mi  nag  Q-po 
ar-pa)  a  black  one,  a  layman,  (on  account 
of  his  not  being  clad  in  a  red  or  yellow 
clerical  garb);  ndg-po  n.  p.  Krishna  Tar.^ 
ndg-po  cSn-po^'  4tf  l^m  Swva;  nag  -  mo 
1.  a  black  woman,  2.  Kali,  Uma;  ndg-moi- 
Jbans  or  Uol  Kalidasa.  —  3.  woman,  in  ge- 
neral Sch.  —  na>g'^gr6sy  ndg-po  ^gro  -  his 
'easy  to  be  understood'  Sch.\  ace.  to  our 
Lama  from  Tashilunpo  ndg-po  ^gro  -  bhir 
implies :  illustrating  a  sentence  by  compar- 
ing it  with  similar  passages;  n>dg-ban  i.a 
person  guilty  of  a  crime  Sch.-^  mi  ndg-bcm 
ddn-na^s  fdr-pa  a  criminal  released  from 
prison  Mt  2.  a  married  man  ScK  —  nag- 
cdgs  black-cattle,  horned  cattle  Sch.;  v.  also 
pidg-pa.  —  ndg-hb  n.  of  a  river  north 
of  Lhasa,  Riu:  II,  238;  nojr-^Afo-pa  people 
living  on  its  banks,  notorious  for  their 
thievish  propensities. — nag-^Sn^  nag-nyes  C. 
a  heinous  crime.  —  nag-fum^  nag-fdm^  ScLj 
nag-sin- ba  Thgy.^  nag-hwr-ri  Sch.,  COal- 
black,  jet-black.  —  nag-ndg  (-dan)  dirty, 
dingy;  not  clear,  as  bad  print;  fig.  stained, 
polluted,  with  sin,  guilt,  sems.  —  nag-pydgs 
V.  pyogs.  —  nag(-mayfsur  a  black  mineral 
colour,  ScL:  green  vitriol  (?).  —  nag-tsig  a 
point,  dot,  W.  —  nag-zug(?)  darkness,  nag- 
zug-la  sndm-bUn  son  he  groped  about  in 
the  dark. 

dTTT^*  na^-^a  Sch.:  linden -tree,  lime-tree 
'  '^   (hardly  to  be  found  in  Tibet;  the 
word  perhaps  introduced  from  Mongol  dic- 
tionaries). 

<^^Y3^')  wa^«  (-^^  Glr.)  By  C,  W.,  forest, 
'  '  ^  rtsi-Hn-nags-kgis  mdzes  beauti- 
fied by  forests,  richly  wooded  Glr.;  Jug- 
po  dense  forest;  nags-Urod  a  thicket  G&*.; 
ndgs-can  woody,  covered  with  forests;  wojrs- 
Ijons  woodland  country,  a  well-wooded  pro- 
vince; nags-sbdl  Lt.  tree-frog  (?);  nags-fsdl 
=  nags,  nydmr-ita-ba  a  dreadful  forest  DsL\ 
yid-du-^oh-ba  a  lovely  wood  Sambh.;  nags- 
(y)s4b  an  intersected  forest,  v.  (f)seh. 


f 


nan 


dSs   nan 


^«  nan  I.  the  space  within  a  thing,  1.  the 
•^  interior,  the  inside,  piig-pai  nan  kun 
the  whole  intetior  of  the  cavern  Mil, ;  yi&n- 
pat,  ddn-gi  nan  the  interior  of  a  basin,  of 
a  pit  (e.g.  being  filled  up)  DzL\  Kdn-pai 
nan  pyag-ddr  byid-pa  to  sweep  the  inside 
of  a  house  DzL  —  2.  space,  room,  apart- 
ment, chamber  col.  —  3.  dwelling,  domicile, 
bouse,  esp.  C,  —  4.  meton  inmates,  family, 
household,  "^nan  fsan*  W.  the  whole  family. 

—  5.  the  interior  (spiritually),  heart,  mind, 
soul,  ye-^ds  ndn-na  ^ar  wisdom  begins  to 
«hine  in  the  mind ;  ^en-^dzin  nah-nas  ^grol 
affection,  interest,  disappears  from  the  heart 
Glr.  —  6.  sometimes  ady.  for  ndn-na, 

II.  ndn-g%  genit.,  used  1.  as  an  adj.: 
inner,  inward,  esoteric  (opp.  to  pyn\  ndn- 
gi  hrims,  ndn  -  Mrrnis^  a  private  law,  an 
esoteric  precept  or  doctrine  not  intended 
for  the  public;  ^ge-dun-ffyl  ndn~fim  dhah 
^gal  U^  C.  if  priests  violate  their  special 
moral  duties,  (very  different  from  ndn-pai 
Brms  the  Buddhist  law,  merely  opp.  to 
Brahmanism);  ndn  -  gi  sbyin  -pa  inward 
offerings,  i.e.  spiritual  sacrifices,  opp.  to 
oatward  and  material  offerings;  but  DzL 
^5«^,  4  it  denotes  personal  sacrifices,  the 
surrendering  of  parts  of  our  own  self,  e.g. 
a  member  of  the  body,  opp.  to  outward 
property;  the  meaning  also  reminds  of  Rom. 
12,1^  and  I  Pet.  2,5.  —  ndn-gi  byd-ba 
internal  affairs  Glr. ;  v.  also  the  compounds. 

—  2.  for  ndn  -  na  among,  amidst,  frq.  c. 
accus.:  bu  ndn-gi  fa  ?wn,  pug-ron  ndn-gi 
citn-nu  DzL  the  smallest  among  etc.;  for 
dd^g-gi  ndn-na  of  it.  Of  them,  among  them 
etc. :  ndn-gi  Mn-nu  the  least  of  them  DzL ; 
ndn-gi  Uid-^mo  snd-ma  the  foremost  among 
the  goddesses;  sometimes  more  pleon.,  with- 
out distinct  reference  to  a  preceding  noun, 
Dd,  7V>S,  18;  7^,  16  (where  ScL  prob. 
tnuislates  incorr.). 

III.  with  /a,  na,  rfw,  nas;  1.  as  sbst, 
ace.  to  the  significations  given  above,  e.g. 
nddrpai  ndn-du  Jiig-pa  to  go  into  the  room 
of  a  sick  person  Wdn.;  dei  ndn-du  ydan- 
drdh9-te  inviting  into  their  house  Mil.  — 
2.  as  adv.  ndn  -  na  in  it,  therein,  within. 


among  it  or  them;  ndn-du  and  ndn-la  there- 
into, into  it;  ndn -nas  out,  thereout,  from 
among ;  among  it  or  them  =  ndn  -  na.  — 
3.  postp.:  in,  into,  among  etc.,  e.g.  rdzin- 
gi  ndn-na  Krus  byed-pa  DzL  to  bathe  in 
a  pond,  cui  ndn-du  higs-pa  to  go  into  the 
water;  gron-Kytr  dei  nan  dan  pyi-rol-na  in 
the  town  and  out  of  it  D^f . ;  *shn-mi  ndn- 
na  zh-pa*  W.  he  said  to  himself;  snai  ndn- 
nas  byun  it  came  out  of  his  nose  (again) 
DzL;  mii  ndn-na(s)  bzdn-po  iig  one  very 
beautiful  among  men  DzL;  glin  d^-mams- 
kyi  ndn-na{8)  m^dgtu  gyur-pa  the  most 
important  among  or  of  these  countries  Glr, 
(here  at  least  the  sing,  is  as  frq.  als  the 
plur.);  in  col.  language  the  word  is  much 
used,  though  often  inaccurately;  so  it  is 
frq.  employed,  where  the  later  literature 
has  ndn-la^  ndn-nas;  *wdn-gi  ndn-na*  by 
force;  *86-me  ndn-na  zer  gos*  W,  that  should 
have  been  mentioned,  when  it  was  fresh 
(in  remembrance);  *lo  t&n-ni  ndn-na  fsd- 
pig  ina  tsan^  not  yet  quite  in  a  thousand 
years,  i.e.  it  is  not  full  a  thousand  years 
W.  —  There  is  still  to  be  noticed:  nan 
=  nan-mo,  —  nan-m^d-la  col.  frq.  suddenly; 
in  B,  of  rare  occurrence ;  nan-mid  nor  my  id- 
pa  to  become  rich  unexpectedly  S,g. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  nah-kydg  ScL:  having 
legs  bending  inward,  bandy-legged.  —  nan- 
sk&r  V.  skdr-ba  extr.  —  nan-Krims  v.  above. 

—  nan-Mrol,  vulgo  -rol^  bowels,  entrails, 
intestines;  also  any  separate  part  of  them; 
nah-Krdl  dron-ba  spasmodic  contractions 
of  the  bowels  Sch,\  nah-Urol-bldg  seems 
in  Lexx.  to  be  taken  synon.  with  mnyam- 
bhag,  —  nan-gdg  v.  ter.  —  ^nah-gyd^  W. 
a  large  boR,  door -bar.  —  ndh-ia  =  nan- 
Mrol,  —  nan-(!ag8'SU  in  one's  self,  in  one's 
own  mind  Sch,  —  ndn-r)e  minister  of  the 
interior,  home  -  minister  Sch.  —  ndn-lta 
Glr.  89,  11?  —  nan-fdb  byid-pa  to  be  in- 
volved in  intestine  war  Pth,y  =  nan-^fcrugs. 

—  naii-ddg  1.  Sch.  'the  interior  being 
cleansed'.  2.  col.  (or  nan-brtagsf)  v.  snan. 

—  ndn 'don  the  intrinsic  meaning,  the  true 
sense,  ndn -don  rtdg-pa  to  investigate,  to 
study,  the  real  meaning;  *ndn-don  tdg-Ken^ 


^•^r  302  CN,.  c:;,        ^         _ 

or  gho'Ken*  C,  *nrfn-d(w-^an  (or  -yoci- 
^iow)*  W.  most  learned,  very  eradite;  ace. 
to  Cs.  more  particularly  the  mystical  sense 
of  religious  writings,  a  higher  degree  of 
theology,  as  it  were;  ndn^don-gyi  rah- 
Jbydrm-pa  a  Doctor  of  Divinity  Cs.  — 
nan-ndn-gi^  nan-nan -nas  =  nan-giy  nan- 
nas  among.  —  nd/i-pa  Buddhist,  opp.  to 
pyi^a^  Non-Buddhist,  Brahmanist;  nan- 
pai  Ua-iay  bstdn-pa,  ios,  stdn-pa^  M-lugs, 
the  theory  etc.  of  the  Buddhists.  —  nan- 
po  an  intimate,  a  bosom -firiend  Sch.  — 
ndh-mi  members  of  a  household,  inmates 
(ni  f.)  JDom,  —  ndip-miff  room,  apartment, 
C,  W.  —  *nan-ydm*  W,  wide,  spacious, 
roomy.  —  nan^l  -  nan-Urol  —  ndn-ha 
lining,  *ndn-ha  tdn-wa*  to  cover  on  the 
inside,  to  line,  ^ndn-^a-den*  C.  lined.  — 
nan-8^1  dissension,  discrepancy.  —  nan-ysh 
reciprocal,  mutual  Wdn.  frq. 
<3C'»3gr'  nan-mUd  a  SOrt  of  potion  (thin 
'  '   pap?)  consisting  of  the  *ten  im- 

purities', viz.  five  kinds  of  flesh  (also  human 
Jj-^'^^C  flesh),  excrements,  urine,  blood,  marrove, 
J^C"^*^  and  ^byans^ms  dkdr-po'X?)^  all  mixed  to- 
"^  •  gether,  transsubstantiated  by  charms,  and 

^^  changed  into  bdud-rtsi  or  nectar,  a  small 

quantity  of  which  is  tasted  by  the  devo- 
tees, with  the  Lama  at  their  head.  This 
delicious  drink  is  considered  of  great  im- 
portance by  the  mystics,  who  seek  to  obtain 
spiritual  gifts  by  witchcraft  (cf.  mdo  extr.); 
hence  every  offering  is  sprinkled  with  this 
potion. 

jjj;-  (ndh'Uar)  ^ndh-tar^  W.,  C,  ^ndh- 
hn*  C.  col.  for  bUn-du^  Itar,  ac- 
cording to,  in  conformity  with,  lllce,  as,  c. 
genit.  or  accus.,  bka  ndn-tar,  bkai  nah-tar. 
xT'S-  ndn-mey  resp.  for  me  Are  W,  (mdn- 


wc 


^T 


xT'Jf^  ndn-THo  (ma  Pih,f)  the  morning;  in 
'  the  morning;  ndn-mo  ybig  bHn-du 

every  morning  Pth,\  nan  re  id.;  nan  re 
dgons  re  every  morning  and  evening;  da- 
ndn  this  morning;  da-ndn  ni  gdn-nas  byon 
where  do  you  come  from  to-day?  MU,\ 
da-ndn-gi  fs6-ba  this  day's  breakfast  Mil, ; 
nan-niib  in  the  morning  and  in  the  even- 


SS^  nan 

ing;  nan -nub  nyi-pySd  ystim-la  in  the 
morning,  in  the  evening,  and  at  noon.  — 
nan-par  1.  in  the  morning,  nan-par  snar 
early  in  the  morning  Dzl,  2.  the  morning, 
esp  the  following  morning,  ndh  -  par  -  lyi 
skdl-ba  the  allowance,  the  ration  for  the 
following  morning  Olr. 
xr  «x  wa^s  W,  (?)   nan  -  2m»  yod  that  is  a 

'  mere  trifle,  not  worth  while,  c£  mnog, 
grjM'nxr  ndns-par  Cs,^  *ndn-la*  W,y  the 

■^  day  after  to-morrow,  B.  ynan. 

XT*  nod  disease,  distemper,  malady,  sickness, 

'^  c£  nd-ba'y  (the  Tibetan  science  of  me^ 
didne  distinguishes  404  kinds  of  diseases); 
mi  -  nod  pyugs  -  nod  diseases  among  men 
and  animals  Glr,\  nod  yso-ba  to  cure  a 
disease,  nod  J^-ba^  nod  sds-par,  or  H- 
bar,  or  dan  brdl-bar  ^^gyiur-ba  to  be  cured 
of  a  disease,  to  get  well,  to  recover;  ndd- 
kyis  jd^bs-pa,  fibs-pa^  to  be  attacked  by 
a  disease,  to  be  taken  ill  -B. ;  C.  more  frq. : 
*nf-kyl  gydb-pa^  zir-wa*^  W.:  *nd-la  nad 
yoh(if;  ndd-kyi  rgyUy  and  rkyen^  v.  riyen 
1  and  2. 

Comp.  nad  -  rkydl  Wdk.  emblem  of  a 
deity  (meaning  not  clear).  —  ndd^Kan 
hospital  Cs.  —  ndd-go  seat  of  a  disease 
Sch.  —  ndd-dan  ill,  sick  (little  used).  — 
nad- pa  1.  a  sick  person,  male  or  female. 
2.  adj.  ill,  sick,  sdms-^an  nddrpa-dag  S^O. 
=  ndd-po  and  ndd-bu  =  nad  Cs.,  ^nddr 
burban*  W.,  weak  in  health,  sickiy,  poorly. 

—  nad-m^d  healthy,  hale,  in  health,  (the 
usual  word);  nad-mid-par  gyitr-cig  may 
you  recover  your  health,  may  you  remain 
in  good  health,  all  hail  to  you!  Ci.  —  nddr 
med-pa  health,  ndd-medrpa  tdb-pa,  myidr 
pa  to  get  well,  to  recover  one's  health; 
nddrmed-pa  ^^wr-Ja  declining  health  Thgy. 

—  nad  Ml  the  character  of  a  disease  S,g. 
—nad-yhise9i,  primary  cause  of  a  disease(?) 
Lt  —  nad -/yog  one  attending  to  sick 
persons,  a  nurse;  nad-yydg  byedr-pa  W.  *b6- 
b^y  to  nurse. 

XX-  nan  the  act  of  pressing,  urging;  pressure, 

''  urgency,  importunity,  Udn-mams-kyi  nan 

ma  figs-par  not  being  able  to  resist  their 

importunity  MU,\  ndn-gyis  with  urgency, 


^^ 


ndn-te 


^•^IsIR;  ndm-Tnlia 


303 


a  -^ 


pressingly,  e.g.  Ifii-ia  to  request,  to  solicit 
Ghr,\  ndn-gyis  zar  ^jug-pa  to  urge,  to 
compel  (a  person)  to  eat  DzL;  ndn-gyis 
dc&r-ba  to  press,  to  crowd,  round  DzL; 
ndn-ffyis  ^^-pa  to  make  a  person  come 
near  by  calling  to  him  MU, ;  nan  -  cdgs 
L  sbst.  certainty,  surety,  *da  nan-^dff  fob 
son*  W.  now  I  have  certainty,  now  1  know 
for  sure;  nan-  cogs  Jemsf  Zam.  2.  adv. 
certainly,  surely  W,,  C.-,  adj.  "lonnan-caff* 
W,  certain  news.  —  ndnrtdn  l.sbst  earnest 
desire,  application,  exertion  Cs.;  byan-Ub- 
la  nan-tan  byM-pa  to  strive  eaniestly  for 
perfection  Dzl. ;  ndn-tan-du  hyid-pa  Thgy. ; 
in  lS6$'kyi  ndn-tan  ysum  Pth,  ^kyi"  is  perh. 
to  be  cancelled.  2.  adv.  C :  certainly,  po- 
sitively, *n§  nen-ten  Idb-pa^  nen-idg  zir- 
pa* ,  1  have  told  him  so  definitively,  as 
my  unalterable  decision ;  W, :  earnestly,  ar- 
dently, accurately,  *ndn-tan  Hb-^a  lto8* 
look  at  it,  examine  it,  accurately!  *ndn' 
tan  do8*  do  it  well,  most 'carefully !  ^ndn- 
tan  hrdg-b^  to  bum  entirely.  —  ndn-tar 
very,  ndn-tar  bzan  Lex.;  very  much,  all 
the  more,  altogether  Mil.;  nan-tur,  of  rare 
occurrence,  =  ndn-tan.  —  ndn-pa^  yndn^ 
pa  are  cog.  to  nan. 

«^  ndn-te  1.  Ts,  for  nd-ba  sick,  ill.  — 
™  ^  2.  TT.  *?iw  ndn-te  kyoh*,  for  ran-te^ 
^dfen-te^  conduct  the  water  this  way! 
SSfsac  '^'dn^iag  W.  late,  recent,  what  has 
*  '  happened  a  few  weeks  or  months 
ago. 

Tq^  ncJ>8  put  on  (your  clothes)!  Sch.^  v. 
'         mndb-pa. 

Tq^-^  ndbsso  one  of  the  lunar  mansions, 
'  V.  rgyurskdr  vS. 

»j-  nam  I.  sbst.  1.  night,  nam  Idm-te,  or 
'  -was,  when  night  departs,  at  day-break, 
frq.;  nam-gdn  Sch.:  the  last  day  of  the 
lunar  month  on  which  there  is  no  moon- 
shine at  all;  nam-gM  midnight,  ndm-gyi 
gun-fun-la  in  the  hour  of  midnight  Dom.; 
namstdd  the  first  half  of  the  night,  nam- 
»mdd  the  second  half  of  the  night;  ndmr 
gyi  ?a  stody  smad,  id.  —  nam-pyid  mid- 
night Dzl,  Glr.;  nam-k6n(^)  Sch.  in  the 
morning;  nam-rin  Sch.  a  long  day(??) 


*-  nam-ldns  day-break,  nam-lam-kyi-bar- 
du  DzL  —  nam  -  srdd  darkness  of  night, 
nam-srdd  byin  son-bat  fse  as  it  was  almost 
quite  dark  Mil.^  *nam  -  hrdd  yol  sdn  -  nas* 
C,  nam-sr6s-n,a;s  Sch.  id.  —  2.  for  na/mr- 
mUa  q.  v. 

II.  adv.  of  time,  also  dus-ndm-kig^  1. 
when?  frq.,  how  long  a  time?  seldom;  rgyun- 
du  nam  JH  ?a  msd  sgom  always  keep  in 
mind  that  you  do  not  know  when  you  will 
die  Mil.;  dus-ndm-iig-gi  ts^-nas  since 
when?  since  what  time?  how  long  ago?  Mil; 
relatively:  nam  ^rd-bcd  dus  byid-pa  to 
appoint  the  time,  when  one  is  going  to 
start  Dzl.;  nam  iig  sgy^-lus  Jdg-pai  tse^ 
when  he  shall  lay  asiie  his  phantom-body 
Mil;  *nam  fsug-pa  Ko  nui  Ub-na^  de 
fug*. . .,  as  long  as  he  has  not  come,  so 
long  ...  W.  —  2.  ndm{-du)  yan  (col. 
*ndm-an.,  ndms-an*)  with  a  negative,  never, 
in  sentences  relating  to  the  past,  or  the 
future,  or  containing  a  prohibition,  cf.  mi 
and  ma,  namr-yan  mi  zin-to  it  will  never 
be  finished  Dzl.  ^c^vS,  9;  snon  nam  yan 
Tna  fos  (that)  has  never  been  heard  of 
formerly;  without  a  negative  in  B.  rarely, 
col.  frq.:  ahvays;  nam  iag  brtan  Mil.; 
*ndm-iag  gyun-du*  C.  id. 
^xy^xrcp^  ndm-mKa  (cf.  mUa  and  ynam) 
'  '  the  space  or  region  above  us, 
heaven,  sky,  where  the  birds  are  flying, 
and  the  saints  are  soaring,  where  it  light- 
ens and  thunders  etc.;  fhe  ether,  as  the 
fifth  element  S.  g.;  the  principle  of  expan- 
sion and  enlargement  Wdn.;  ndmr-mka  dan 
mnydm-pa  like  unto  the  heavens,  as  to 
wide  expanse,  frq.;  inaccurately  also  for 
an  innumerable  multitude,  ndm-mHa  dan 
mnydm-pai  s^ms- tan-mams  Mil;  ndm- 
mUai  dbyins,  ndm-m/ca-ldin(-7no)  v.  sub 
m^a;  ndm-mKai  mtons  celestial  vault,  fir- 
mament GZr.,  S.  0.;  nam  -  ml*'a  -  mdog  the 
blue  colour  of  the  sky,  azure;  it  is  supposed 
to  be  produced  by  the  southern  side  of 
mount  Rirab,  which  consists  entirely  of 
azur-stone,  Mil.;  Myim-gyi  ndnv-mHa^la  in 
the  air  above  the  house,  like  barsnan-la^ 
Tar.  :?nS,  2;  nam-^pdns  yiddr^c^  also  namn 


-^\ 


304 


^f 


ndm-zla 


^ 


m 


dpdm  spydd'pa  Mil,^  to  cross  the  height 
of  the  heavens,  to  fly  across  the  sky.  — 
narri'gru  v.  rgyv^skar, 
&S^S  (^^^'^^)  pronounced  *ndm-da,  and 
'  ^  ndm-la^y  Mil.^  PtL,  col.,  season, 
ndm-zlu  dtis  bhi  the  four  seasons;  da  nam- 
da  ston  sar  now  autumn  has  set  in;  *da 
nam-da  dan-^mo  son* ;  fig.  ndni^da  ^das  the 
(favourable)  season  has  passed  Mil, 

5J^'?f  ndm-so  =  ndbs-so. 

<S^'  nar  v.  na  I.  and  II.,  2;  also  nd-k'a. 

^x-w  ndr-ma  adj.,  and  ndr-mar  adv.,  con- 
'  tinuous,  without  interruption  Sck.; 

*ci'ma  ndr-te  ton  or  hor*  C,  torrents  of 
tears  gushed  from  his  eyes,  cf.  Mrtd-y  ndr- 
re  MU.y  more  vulg.  *ndr'rarra*  in  a  long 
row  or  file,  ^grul-ha  to  walk 
xx^ir  3iX^^X^iy  Ttdr-mo^  ndr^naT'po  ob- 
'  '11  long  jHfii^^  Med.;  Ua-nar- 
ban  having  the  shape  of  a  rectangle;  ffru- 
nav'han  rhombic,  lozenge-shaped.  Cf.  (b)sndr' 
ba, 

SP\'  nal  n.  of  a  precious  stone  Sch. 

^Q!Y5T'x  ndl^-ma)  Cs.  incest,  fornication; 
^  nalr-grib  pollution  by  it.  naVyrug 

frq.,  *nal'W  Ti.,  bastard-child;  ndl-bu 
Sch,  a  libidinous  woman  (??). 

(SflJ'S"  ndl-byi  Pth  n.  of  a  poison-tree. 

Mj-  nas  I.  sbst.  1.  bariey,  in  three  varieties: 
'  mgydgs^nas  {Ld,  ydn-ma^  or  drng-cu- 
nas^  Wdn,  Mrd-ma)  early  barley,  ripening 
in  about  60  days;  ser-mo  late  barley,  the 
best  sort;  ce-nas  a  middling  sort.  —  2. 
barley-corn,  nas-tsam  as  much  as  a  barley- 
corn Glr.  —  nds-<!an  beer  brewed  of  barley. 
naS'TJ^  V.  lySn-pa.  —  nas-pyd  barley- 
flour.  —  ^naS'Zif*  (spelling  not  certain) 
aim  or  sight  on  a  gun  W. 

11.  postp.,  sign  of  the  ablative  case 
(almost  like  las)  1.  added  to  sbst.:  from, 
bydn-pyogs-nas  from  the  north,  often  joined 
with  bzun-ste  (^Ld,  HdnS'te*\  commencing 
from,  extending  from,  with  a  following  to, 
as  far  as;  till,  until,  with  respect  so  space 
and  time;  by,  Idg-por-nas  ^dzin-pa  or  ^Jti- 


ba  to  take  a  person  by  the  hand,  minr 
nas  rydd^a^  smd^ba  to  call  by  name,  tigs- 
pa  re-rd-nas  (to  count)  by  single  drops, 
so'sd-nas  one  by  one,  each  by  himself; 
through,  duh-nas  bhdd-pas  speaking  through 
a  trumpet  Glr.^  sgo-sdn-nas  Itd-ba  looking 
through  the  chink  of  a  door  Tar.;  sg6- 
nas  ytdn -ba  to  admit  through  the  door 
DzL;  ^i-yan-ne pah*  W.  he  flung  it  through 
the  hole  (cf.  also  rgyud'pal,,2)'j  made, 
manu&ctured,  built  etc.  of,  pd-^iir-nas  of 
bricks;  (made,  worked,  struck  etc.)  with, 
^Idg-pa-ne  dun*  W,  struck  with  the  hand; 
denoting  distance:  rgyah-grdgs  ycig-nas 
pd'ta-la  yod  C,  Potala  lies  within  reach 
of  the  ear;  ^dd-nas  gdns-ri-la  far  from 
here  on  the  snowy  mountain  Glr,;  with 
respect  to  time:  after,  ^ag  bdun-nas  after 
seven  days:  dd-nas  after  that,  afterwards, 
then.  —  2.  added  to  verbs,  as  gerundial 
particle,  rarely  to  the  inf.,  gen.  (col.  al- 
ways) to  the  verbal  root,  prop,  after,  since; 
also  equivalent  to  te^  when  added  to  a 
pres.  or  pf.  root  (instances  of  which  are 
to  be  met  with  almost  on  every  page  of 
Tibetan  books);  together  with  ^dug  or  yod 
added  to  a  pres.  or  pf.  tense,  col.  frq.,  in 
B.  rarely:  na  Ueb  dgos  snydm-nas  yod  I 
think  I  must  seek  death  Pth,;  fsds-nas 
yod  it  is  boiled  Pth.;  s6-nam-gyi  byd-ba- 
la  hugs -nas  ydd-pa-la  as  they  began  to 
till  the  ground  Glr,  —  Col.  also  for  no. 
$^  ni  I.  1.  particle,  col.  also  *nin*;  Cs. 
'  justly  remarks :  'an  emphatical  particle', 
serving  to  give  force  to  that  word  or  part 
of  a  sentence,  which  rhetorically  is  most 
important,  esp.  also  (though  not  exclusively, 
Sch,)  to  separate  the  subject  of  a  sentence 
from  its  predicate,  thus  adding  to  perspi- 
cuity :  Uyod  Jti/r  Jms-pa  ni  nai  mfus  ^ohs- 
so  thy  coming  hither  has  been  effected  by 
my  (magic)  power  DzL;  bdag  ni  brdm-ze 
yin  myself  am  a  Brahmin  Dzl,;  de  ni  ha 
yin  that  one  am  I;  ^di  ni  mi  pod-do  this 
I  am  not  able  to  do  Dzl.;  fa-mdl-pa  ni 
ma  yin  a  vulgar  person  she  is  not  DzL; 
des  ni  it  is  by  this  (that . . .);  stobs  m  as 
to  strength  (I . .  .)5  gd^te  n&s-na  ni  if  he 


^^  ni'la 


^ 


305 


<3!^'^'  niis-pa 


can  ( —  wellQ;  da  n%  snar  n%  ^di-las  rdj 
snon-bad  ni  etc.;  Un-mkan  ni  now,  as  to 
the  carpenter,  he  . . .  DzL ;  ddr-ba  ni  now, 
with  respect  to  the  propagation  (of  the 
doctrine).  In  a  similar  manner  it  is  frq. 
used,  where  we  begin  a  new  paragraph, 
heading  it  with  its  principal  contents.  In 
col.  language  the  word  before  ni  is  rendered 
still  more  emphatic  by  repeating  it  once 
more  after  nil  *zer  ni  zer  dug*  W.  (it  is 
true)  they  say  so;  *dl  ni  di-teyod^  it  has 
been  written,  (to  be  sure);  *jfie  ni  jhe* 
C.y  *do  ni  bo  dug*  W.  (certainly)  they  are 
working  at  it,  (but .  . .).  In  metrical  com- 
positions, esp.  in  nmemonic  verses,  it  is 
often  added  as  a  mere  metrical  expletive, 
without  any  meaning,  esp.  after  dan.  — 
2.  Ts.:  demonstrative  pron.,  *ri  ni-le  ni 
fo-wa  du^  this  mountain  is  higher  than 
that. 

II.  num.  figure:  42. 
5^0^'  ni'la  {Hindi  iftff  blue)  1.  Cs.  indigo. 
'      —  2.  W.  the  blue  pheasant  of  the  South 
Himalaya,  manal. 

^QH^I'     Si'QlSr  ^*  '  ^^>  li'lam  (Hindi; 

'         '  Shaksp. :  'from  the  Portu- 

guese leiUmC)  auction,  public  sale. 
?h'  win  1.  col.  for  ni,  2.  lor  myihf  v.  nor- 

*     m/i,  ie-mii, 
^jrfl*  nim-ba,  f^W(,  n.  of  a  plant,  Melia 

'         Azedarachta. 
S^(5^  nii'li  Sch.:  the  great  buzzard  or 

'         mouse-hawk  ('?). 

<3r  nu  num.  fig.:  72. 

^q-  nu'ba  pf.  and  imp.  ntts^  to  SUCk  Cs., 
>o  nu{-ha)'fo,  mo^  a  suckling  6^.,  nu-kug 
sucking-bag. 

^'^  niirhoy  resp.  ycuh-po,  W.  *no*^  a  man's 
-^  younger  brother  B.  and  C. 
x-^- w«*-??m,  Cs.  also  Mb-nu  (resp.?),  breast, 
4)  as  two  correspondent  parts  of  the  body, 
1.  mammary  gland,  female  breast,  bosom  S.g. 
—  2.  nipple,  teat,  also  of  males.  —  3.  dug, 
nipple  of  a  cow's  udder;  nu-Uyim,  -ydan^ 
'Jmr^  'Jbor^  Cs.  id.  —  nti-ha  the  thoracic 
muscle.  —  nu-rts^y  nU'S&r  Cs.  the  tip  of 
the  breasts,  nipple.  —  nw-^  mother's  milk, 


mai  nurzo  DzL;  nu-h)  snun^-par  byM-pa 

to  suckle,  to  give  suck,  Lt;  nu-io  skdm- 

na  if  she  has  no  milk  Lt. 

(37^  nil -mo  1.  W.  ^nd-mo*^  the  younger 

^      sister  of  a  female,  B.  and  col.  —  2. 

V.  nii'ba. 

^m^  nitg-ste  (pronounced  ^nicg-te*)  Ts,^ 

•X'^  SO,  thus. 

xirzy  nud-pa  to  Suckle,  W. :  *pi-pi  nud  ton* 

>o        give  to  suck!  (=  snun-pa). 

gf^'  nub  1.  the  west,  nub-(h/i)  pyogs^-roV) 

So     id.;  nub'pyogS'Su  towards  the  west; 

nvb'hydn  north-west;  ntib-hyi  of  the  west, 

western;  v.  also  bde-ba-han.  —  2.  evening, 

do-nub  this  evening,  to-night. 

^zy  nvh'pa  1.  vb.,  to  fall  gradually,  to 

^       sink,  miil'la  to  the  bottom;  to  sink 

\^^  pus-mo  nub'pa  tsam  knee-deep  Dzl.  frq. ; 

to  go  down,  to  set,  of  the  sun,  moon,  frq.; 

fig.  to  decay,  decline,  of  religion;  nub-par 

^gyur-ba  id. ;  nub-par  byed-pa  Sch.  =  vb.  a. 

snub -pa.  —  2.  sbst.  an  inhabitant  of  the 

West 

OT'^  nub-nw  evening;  in  the  evening,  frq.; 

>o         nubgrdn-gi  happening  every  evening 

Sch. 

5I5r  num^  W.  col.  for  mun. 

XX 'xx/^  nur-nur-po  denotes  the  form  of 
>1>  >o  the  embryo  in  the  second  week : 
oval,  oblong;  m^-mer-po  id. 
xxrn*  nur-ba  (cf .  bmicr-ba,  sntir-ba\  1 .  to 
>1>  change  place  or  posture,  to  move  a 
little,  *rig-te  nur*  (v.  sgrig-pa)  W.  move 
a  little  nearer  together,  stand  or  sit  a  little 
closer!  nur-g\pjs  Jin-pa  to  pull  gradually, 
to  give  short  pulls  Glr.\  pa-b6h  ^dam  rdzis- 
pa  bHn-du  nur  the  rock  yielded,  i.e.  received 
impressions,  like  foot-prints  on  soft  clay, 
Mil.;  to  step  aside,  to  draw  or  fall  back; 
to  get  out  of  its  place,  to  be  dislocated;  *pl 
nur-la  dtH'ti^  pi^log-la  niir-ce*  W.  to  move 
slowly  back.  —  2.  to  crumble  to  pieces.  Mil, 
of  mountains  during  an  unearthly  storm, 
according  to  some  Lamas,  cf.  snitr-ba.  — 
3.  68.:  to  approach,  to  come  near  to(?),  yet 
cf.  snur-ba. 

nL         sufficient  moral  or  physical  power, 


306 


ne 


^ 


5pr^  n6g-pa 


also  ^pdd'pa]  )i  (or  frq.  H)  nus-kyis  to 
one's  best  ability;  to  be  able  to  do  or  to 
perform^  dkd-las  gan  yah  mi  nus  he  cannot 
perform  any  difficult  task  Th/jy.;  rgydl-po 
mi  nu8  he  cannot  be  a  king;  to  venture, 
to  dare,  ^ro  nus-pa  one  that  dared  to  go. 
(In  W.  *fub'pa*  is  used  almost  exclusively 
instead  of  it)  —  2.  adj.  able,  nus-pa  su 
ce  -  ba  Ita  let  us  see  who  is  more  able, 
more  efficient,  who  can  do  more,  Mil;  C. 
also  active,  diligent,  assiduous.  —  3.  sbst. 
power,  ability,  faculty,  capability,  c.  genit : 
nai  nus  ' pa-la  brtin-nas  by  my  power, 
through  my  agency  (you  shall  obtain  it) 
Mil,\  rtsig-pai  nus-pa ydd- dam  ttz^J whether 
there  will  be  a  capability  of  building  .  .  . 
Gh\\  *de  ^6s-la  nus-pa  med^  W,  this  re- 
ligion has  no  power;  nus-pa  bhig-pa  fams- 
cdd  all  the  destructive  powers;  byid-nus- 
pa^  stdn-nus'pa  the  capability  of  doing, 
of  showing  Thgy.;  mam-smin-nus-pa  the 
power  of  retributive  justice  (Nemesis,  as 
it  were)  Mil ;  efficiency,  efficacy,  virtue  (of 
a  remedy),  smdn-nus  joms  they  hinder 
the  efficacy  of  the  medicines  Med. ;  nus-pa 
smin  the  efficacy  becomes  complete  Mil.; 
in  a  more  particular  sense :  the  effect  of  a 
medicine  in  the  stomach  (opp.  to  its  taste  etc) ; 
there  are  eight  different  effects:  IH,  snum^ 
bsily  liul^  yauj  rtsub,  fsa^  7*no  S,g,;  nus-pa 
ynyis  dan  Idan  they  have  both  qualities 
S,g.;  nus-stdbs  =  nus-pa  Sch. 
II.  pf.  of  nu-ba. 

^  ne  num.  figure:  102. 

^flC'    ^Q^'SC'  ne-fdn^  neu-fd/i^  meadow, 
'      '  ^        grass-plot,  green-sward,  J5., 

6'.,  W. 

^5^^  ne-ne-mo  aunt,  the  father's  sister, 
^   '        or  wife  of  the  mother's  brother. 

^$1'  ne-ma  meadow,  green-sward,  C,  W. 
^^  n^-tso  parrot 

x'5'    5z 'Sir •  ne-r^y  ner  nir  (v.  ner  -  ba\ 

'     '     '     '      W,  sediment,  settlings,  dregs. 
^0^  ne-U  Sch.:  'mouse-hawk',  a  species  of 

'       large  hawk  or  vulture,  differing  from     dark,  deep-black. 


gd-boy  frequently  to  be  met  with  in  Kollo, 
but  not  in  Ladak. 

5^qV  ne-weSch,  mason's  trowel,  ne-we  rgyag- 
'  ^  pa  to  plaster,  to  roughcast. 

S'cnifc;   ^qlfe'  ^-/«««'  ne-bsih  =  neu- 

5>-q-  nhi-pa  W,  col.  for  Un-pa^  to  take, 
^  lay  hold  of,  seize;  to  take  out,  off, 
away;  to  hold. 

x^x^-  nem-nem  denotes  a  nodding,  waving, 
•^   "^  or  rocking  motion.  Mil. ;  cf .  nenis  and 
snem. 

^^  nem-bu  doubt,  error  Sch. 

^Ttxr  nems;  Stg.  describes  an  elastic  floor 
'  in  the  following  manner:  rkdn-pa 

bldg-na  ni  nems  hes  byM-de^  rkdn-pa  bt^gs- 

na  ni  spar  zes  byed:  hence  nems,  it  Sinks 

a  little,  gives  way. 

?Q-Qjr •  neti-lddn  Lex.  =  na-mnydm  one  of 
1^  ^  the  same  age,  coetaneous,  contem- 
porary;  Sch. :  neu-lddn  friend,  and  neu-lddns 

protector,  defender. 

^-Q^  neu-le,  JKwdiihwrT,  Ssk.  ^^,  ich- 
'^       neumon,  Herpestes  Pharaonis,  Lis. ; 

represented  in  B.  as  a  fabulous  animal, 

cat-like  and  vomiting  jewels. 

%3^YCn)|fe'^^^"W««^  1.  C.  =  ne-fan.  — 
•^      '  2.  grass-plots  on  high  mountains, 

alpine  pastures  (C.  span). 

^-q-  nd^r-ba  to  sink,  to  fall  gradually,  tnMl- 
'  la  to  the  bottom,  ==  nub-pa. 

^^'<3[^'  ner-n^r  =  *ne^'^  W. 

If  no  \.  W.ioT  nu-bo.  —  2.  num.  fig. :  132. 

ST^  wo-wd  Ld.  title  of  young  noblemen, 
'  '  no-nd  ^M-mo  the  eldest  of  a  noble- 
man's sons,  bdr-pa  the  second,  cun-se  the 
youngest;  Sp.  title  of  the  highest  magistrate 
of  the  country. 

3j  *r  nd-mo  {Bed.  nd-ho)  W.  for  nurmo. 

^  nog  Sch.:  cervical  vertebra;  hump  of  a 

'  '  camel. 
S^qi-q-    S^gf' n^i^r-pa,  ndgr-po,  prob.  prov. 

'  '     '     '  '       for  ndg-po\  nog-ndg  very 


^' 


^•q-  ndn-ba,  pf.  mns,  to  commit  a  fault, 
^  to  make  a  mistake,  to  commit  one's 
SdM,  a  nom  what  have  I  done  amiss?  bddg 
ma  ndns^ar  Jti-ltar  yndd-pa  bgyis  I  have 
thus  been  injured  without  my  isL\x\t  DzL; 
nons-pa  fault,  crime,  ndnsQ^a)  mi  byid^a 
not  to  commit  a  fault  or  crime  Dzl;  bzdd- 
pa  to  pardon,  to  forgive,  v.  bzdd-pa;  ndm- 
pa  bz6d-par  ysdl-ba  to  ask  pardon  for  a 
fault  committed  (inC.  even:  *ndh-pa  soU 
ecra*);  ndns-pa-ban  culpable,  liable  to  punish- 
ment; *non'dan-ni  (8)pe^a*  W.  a  reprehen- 
sible speech. 

^^q-  ndns-pa  resp.  no  more  alive,  dead 
•^  Dzl.y  Tje-btsicn  aku  ma  n&ns-par 

p^bs-pa  that  your  Reverence  has  arrived 
safe  and  sound  if^Z. 

5r'n'  ^dS^'CT  ^^^}  mnod'pa^  pf.  and 
^  '  '  '  '  imp.  mnos^  to  receive  in- 
struction, directions,  favours,  from  a  superior, 
esp.  priest,  DzL,  Glr. ;  but  also  to  receive 
punishment, 
j-jrj-  Tidn-pa  I.  also  ^ndn-pa,  pf.  ynariy 
mnan^  1.  to  press,  *mdn-po  ma  non^ 
do  not  press  too  hard!  *ndnrfe  pd-b^  W. 
to  open  a  thing  by  pressing;  with  or  without 
rkdn^pas  to  tread  under  foot,  to  crush; 
to  pour  over,  to  cover  with,  sas,  byi-mas^  with 
earth,  with  sand;  to  be  drenched,  Mr-pas 
by  a  shower  of  rain  Dzlr^  to  lay  over,  to 
overlay  with  Tar.  9, 11,  21 ;  more  frq.  fig. 
to  oppress,  suppress,  overcome,  conquer, 
humble,  keep  under,  mtd-ba  Mms-kyis  the 
great  people  by  laws  Glr.;  enemies  frq.; 
evil  spirits  by  magic,  e.g.  sri  yndn-pa  by 
burying  heads  of  animals  in  the  ground, 
in  order  that  the  evil  spirits  may  remain 
shut  up  there;  bgegs  ndn-pa  to  keep  the 
spirits  away  from  the  fields  during  harvest 
by  hatchets  etc.  stuck  in  the  ground ;  po. 
Kd-^at  ydon  sri  mnan  I  have  crushed,  sub- 
dued, the  face  of  the  snow  (i.e.  its  sur- 
face) that  was  adverse  to  me  Mil.;  sa  yn&n- 
du  the  sitting  posture  of  a  saint,  when  his 
left  hwid  rests  in  his  lap,  and  his  right 
hand  hangs  down,  keeping  down,  as  it 
were,  the  earth  and  her  powers;  cf.  mnyam- 
bidg.  —  Frq.  also:  mya-ndn-gyis^  snyin- 


^ 


^- 


307 


nor 


ryes  etc.  to  be  overcome  by  misery,  by  com- 
passion. —  2.  to  overtake,  to  catch,  to  reach, 
bdds  -pas  in  the  pursuit  MU.  and  W.  — 
3.  sgo-na  to  brood,  to  hatch,  eggs,  Sch. 

II.  W.  lo  tsam-non^  for  tow,  how  old- 
is  he? 

Jwq-  nom-pa^  pf.  noms^  1.  Cs.  to  be  satis- 
^  fied,  contented  (nom-pa?)  —  2.  to 
seize,  to  lay  hold  oi(sndm-pa);  Sch.:  noms- 
nyiig  byid-pa. 

^-  nor  I.  (/Sst.  yif,  also  ^)  1.  wealth, 
•^  property,  possessions,  nor(4d)  gdd-pa 
Mil.  to  suffer  a  loss  of  property;  *no7'  gdd- 
da*  or  *p6g-ga*  W.  have  you  suffered 
damage  or  loss?  *nor  nyams  cQ^-pa*  6'., 
*Un-be*  W.,  to  examine  the  inventory,  the 
amount  of  property;  pdgs-pai  nor  bdu7i 
Mil,  the  seven  (spiritual)  possessions  of 
a  saint,  v.  Trig.  17;  proverb:  *rdn'7ior-la 
man  mi-nor-la  dhug  (sc.  tar  to)*  C.  look 
upon  your  own  property  as  a  medicine, 
upon  that  of  others  as  a  poison;  thing, 
substance,  much  the  same  as  rdzas^  Zam. 
(nif.).  —  2.  more  or  less  exclusively:  money, 
n&r-la  Itd-ba  to  care  for  money,  to  be 
avaricious,  easily  bribed  etc. ;  nor  skyi-ba 
to  borrow  money,  no^'bsri-ba  to  save  money, 
to  scrape  together;  nor  sog- Jog-pa  to  ac- 
cumulate riches.  —  3.  Sch. :  cattle,  even  in 
such  phrases  as :  nor  Jirig-pa  the  pairing 
of  cattle.  Sch.^  no7*-dpon  Desg.  chief  neat- 
herd (provincialism  of  C.?). —  4.  heritage, 
inheritance,  bkd-ba  to  divide  (it  among  the 
heirs);  pa -nor  heritage  from  the  father, 
md-nor  heritage  from  the  mother.  —  5 
symb.  num.:  8  (cf.  ndr-lha). 

Comp.  ndr-skal  inheritance,  hereditary 
portion;  ndr-skal-mams  funds,  capital  M7.  — 
ruyr-rgyiin  imperishable  riches  Cs.;  nor- 
rgyun-m^  a  goddess,  nor -ban  wealthy, 
opulent,  rich  Cs.  —  n&r-bdag  1.  a  man  of 
wealth.  2.  an  heir.  3.  a  money-changer,  usurer, 
Hind.  Kf[[9rf^^  n&r-bdag -m^  fem.  of  it; 
also  n.  of  a  goddess;  n&r-bdag-bu  heir.  — 
n6r-^dus  Pur.  the  gathering  of  taxes.  —  wrfr- 
bmab-ban  covetous,  greedy  of  money.  — 
ntyr-pyugs  amount,  or  stock  of  cattle,  nor- 
Jyrii  store  of  com.  —  li&r-bv,  v.  that  article. 


308 


ap,'^'  ndr-ba 


^ 


—  no7*'^dz2n  po.  the  earth.  —  nor-^'dzds  = 
nor  I.,  1 .  B.  and  col.  —  ndr-lha  =  ku-be- 
ra^  god  of  riches;  there  are  eight  sach  gods. 

II.  V.  sub  ndr-bct. 
^•q-  nor-ba  to  err,  to  make  a  mistake,  to 

'  commit  a  fault,  gas  ^ytd  n&r-ro  it 

is  wrong  (to  write  it)  with  the  prefix  / 
Gram,]  nor  son  it  is  a  mistake,  I  (thou, 
he  etc.)  am  wrong;  Afa,  lag-pa^  lam  nor 
sorij  it  was  a  slip  of  the  tongue,  I  got  hold 
of  the  wrong  thing,  I  lost  my  way;  to 
stray,  di-las  ^di-ru  from  one  thing  to 
another  Thgy,;  mi-^r-ba,  ma^ndr-ba^  nor- 
ba-m^drpa  infallible,  not  liable  to  fail,  e.g. 
of  a  charm;  where  one  cannot  miss  or  go 
wrong,  lam;  mi-ndr-bar^  strictly  according 
to  prescription  or  direction.  —  ndr-ba^ 
ndr-pa  Cs.  1.  a  wanderer,  from  the  right 
way.  2.  an  error,  a  mistake.  —  nor-Jrul 
id.,  frq.;  n^or-ra-re  Sch.:  he  might  possibly 
be  mistaken. 

-^-q-  ndr-bu  (iffiff)  1.  jewel,  gem,  precious 

'  ^  stone ,  ndr  -bu-  ban  adorned  with 
jewels,  set  with  precious  stones;  nor-^m-pa^ 
ndr-btb-mHan  Cs.  a  jeweler,  a  connoisseur 
of  gems ;  ndr  -bu-  ^pren  -ba  e^  rosary  or 
chaplet  composed,  of  precious  stones;  also 
as  title  of  a  book;  ndr-bu  rin-po-^i^  f^- 
'WTirftr,  ^  ^^''y  costly  jewel;  also  jewel, 
par  excellence,  a  fabulous  precious  stone, 
the  possession  of  which  procures  inex- 
haustible riches;  ace.  to  Wdk,  488,  it  has 
the  shape  of  an  oval  fruit  of  the  size  of 
a  large  lemon.  —  2.  a  noun  personal,  or 
family  name,  much  in  use.  —  3.  gen.  pro- 
nounced ^n&r-ru^  ndr-ro*^  good,  excellent, 
noble,  e.g.  mi,  Bal.^  Pur, 
5x'^  ndr-sOy  n&r-so-can^  Wdn,  173,  11; 

»         182,4? 
^jgrfl'  ndl'ba  to  agree,  to  come  to  terms 

V_/S. 

5^i^'  nds'pa  V.  ndd-pa. 

^ifyc*  nya-gro'dha  SsL^  Ficus  indica,  = 
•«^      JSrt    byan-htb-hih. 

mtm-q-  yndg-pa,  a  secondary  formof  nrf^- 

''  '       pa,  of  rare  occurrence,   1.  black; 

ynag-sbdgs  SOOty  iScA.;  ynag-pyiigs  black 


CfBT'^  yndn-ba 

catHe,  esp.  the  yak;  ynag  rta  lug  ysum 
cattle,  horses,  and  sheep,  these  three;  ynag- 
kyii  a  herd  of  cattle;  ynag-rdzi  a  keeper 
of  cattle,  cow-herd ;  ynag-Uids  an  enclosure 
for  cattle.  —  2.  fig.  black-hearted,  wicked, 
impious.  —  3.  (looking  black  upon) frowning; 
Glr,  fol.  96:  sem>s  hin-iu  yndg-par  hyun  (not- 
withstanding theirfriendly  appearance)  they 
had  a  spite  against  each  other  in  their 
hearts.  —  4.  sbst.  misfortune,  grief,  affliction, 
pain,  ynag-pa  dan  Iddn-pa  unfortunate,  un- 
jiappyS^. ;♦nagr.^a7^*  W.  cruel,  tormenting; 
^nag  stdn^pa*  Ld,  to  torture,  to  torment. 
—  5.  Sch.:  (well)  considered,  (carefully) 
weighed  in  the  mind;  v.  however  brndg-pa. 
qi^rr'n*  yndn-ba  I.  vb.,  pf.  ynan{s\  imp. 
'  ^  ynon,  B.,  C.  (in  W.  stsdUba  is  gen. 
used  for  yndn-ba)  1.  to  give,  resp.,  Le.  only 
used  when  a  person  of  higher  rank  gives 
or  is  asked  to  give;  cf.  Jml-ba;  ^ddg-la 
dd'Wa  cig-gi  pog  kgdb-rog  ndh  -wa  hi*  C. 
please,  have  the  kindness  to  give  me  my 
month's  pay;  sometimes  it  is  preceded  by 
a  pleon.  rjes-su,  Cs.,  to  bostow,  to  confer, 
upon,  frq. ;  to  commit  to,  to  place  under  a 
person's  care,  e.g.  a  pupil  (resp.  for  ytdd- 
pa)  Mil.;  to  grant,  to  concede,  what  has 
been  asked,  yhdn-du  ysol  (ancient  lit), 
yndn  -  ba  ku  (later  lit.)  I  request  you  to 
grant;  skur-yndn  mdzdd-pa  mUyen-mUyh. 
I  beg  you  for  the  favour  of  sending  me . . . 
(in  modem  letters) ;  to  allow,  permit,  approve 
of,  assent  to,  yUgs-par  yndit-iio  he  accepted 
the  invitation,  he  promised  to  come  Dzl.\ 
bdag  rdb-tu  J/yun-bafr)  ynoh  zig  allow  me 
to  take  (holy)  orders,  to  become  a  priest 
DzL;  bdag  ni  sbyinrpa  zig  by^d-kyis  ynoh 
iig  allow  of  my  making  a  donation  DzL; 
de  bzin-du  yndn-no  yes,  I  permit  it  Dd.; 
yid  biin-du  y ndh- no  we  allow  it;  do  ac- 
cording to  your  pleasure!  —  ci  yn>an  v.  H 
I.,  4.  —  In  a  looser  sense :  blon-^por  pidnr 
no  he  appointed  him  his  minister;  miyndh- 
ba  to  forbid,  prohibit,  cos  byar  mi  yndn-hai 
Urims  bbas  he  published  a  prohibitory  law 
concerning  the  exercise  of  religion  Olr.; 
(bkas)  ma  ynan  Pih.  he  refused  it,  declined 
tp  grant  it,  hyon^du  ma  ynan  he  refused 


Of|3jC;(^'  ynam 


^ 


309 


sn(3n'^  ynd-ba 


to  come  Glr.  —  2.  sometimes  to  command, 
to  order,  complete  form:  bka yndn^a;  yndn- 
fsig  skul-ia  to  order  a  person  to  do  a  thiog 
Ptk.  —  3.  in  complimentary  phrases  used 
in  C,  the  precise  meaning  of  yndn  -  ba  is 
not  always  quite  obvious :  fman-rdgs  mdzad- 
pa  (v.  above)  to  give,  to  help  to,  to  assist 
in(?);  ^gdn-pa  fs6m-pa  ma  nan*,  do  not 
be  put  out,  do  not  give  way  to  any  mis- 
givings (towards me)!  sometimes «wa//(q. v.) 
would  make  a  better  sense. 

11.  sbst.  concession,  permission,  grant,. 
^d^ai  yndh'ba  zu-ba  Mil;  rm-las  yndh^ 
ba  fdb^pa  to  obtain  permission  from  a 
person;  bka-yndn-ba  (magisterial)  per- 
mission, order  (of  government) ;  ynah^byln 
very  frq.,  gift,  donation,  present,  stdn-mo 
ynan^sbyin  a  present  of  provisions  Glr.\ 
gift  of  honour,  reward,  favour,  privilege,  price 
of  victory  held  out  etc. 
^'RCr^'  /'waws  adv.  1.  on  the  third  day, 
'  '  e.g.  he  came  Glr.\  gen.  of  the 

future:  the  day  after  to-morrow,  san  ynans 
Gli\;  *f6-re  ndn-la*  W.  to-morrow  and  the 
day  after  to-morrow;  san  ^o  ynam  ^o 
yddrpa  yin  to-morrow  or  the  day  after  to- 
morrow I  must  be  ofiF  Pih, ;  ynans-yi^  on 
the  Uiird  and  fourth  day  Lea;,  —  2.  ynam-- 
ci  rather  (too)  large,  ynam-^n  rather  (too) 
small  Milnt 

snrr-  ynad^  Ssk  ?n|i^.  1-  the  main  point, 
''^  object  or  substance,  the  pith,  essence, 
ynad  ^rdl'ba  to  explain  the  main  point 
MU,;  ynad 'dm  the  proper  meaning,  the 
pith  of  the  matter  Tar.^  Schf,;  ^yndd-hes- 
7nlcan*W,  one  that  knows  a  thing  thoroughly, 
that  is  up  to  it,  knows  how  to  do  it;  *n'/ 
^^^-pa,  nf-kyi  ku-wa  buUtca*  C.  to  excuse 
one's  self,  to  dffend  or  justify  one's  self 
(prop,  to  account  for  the  circumstances 
that  led  to  an  action);  *pog  dapog;  nad- 
du  (or  nod  -  ian)  ma  feb*  W.  I  have  hit 
(him),  but  not  mortally;  so  B,:  yndd-du 
«niin-j)a  to  pierce  mortally.  —  2.  in  ana- 
tomy: by  ynad  bdun^  or  *the  seven  impor- 
tant parts  of  the  body',  ace.  to  S.  g,  are 
meant:  flesh,  fat,  bones  and  veins,  and  hi- 
^gyu8,  douy  and  mod  (Wise^  Hindoo  Me- 


dicine p.  69,  gives  a  somewhat  different 
explanation).  —  3.  in  mysticism:  the  seven 
physical  conditions  requisite  for  successful 
meditation,  Idg-pa  mnyamrbzdg-tu  bkdg-pa 
(the  hands  joined  over  the  stomach  in  such 
a  manner,  that  the  fore-joints  of  the  fingers 
cover  each  other,  whilst  the  thumbs  are 
stretched  out  without  touching),  lits  rdo- 
rye-skyil-kHin  sddd-pa,  gal-fsig  mda  Itar 
srun-bay  dpun-pa  rgdd-hog-pa  Itar  siiin-ba^ 
mig  sna- riser  Jbibs^pa^  mm  rah^Jbab-tu 
bhdg-pa^  Id^^tse  ya-dkan-la  sbydr-ba ;  there 
are  also  s^ms^kyi  ynad  Mil.  certain  con- 
ditions of  the  mind  required,  such  as  ab- 
staining from  rtdg-pa,  speculative  thinking. 

^|5!<5rcr  yndn-pa  v.  ndn^a. 
^TliOT'C]'  yndb-pa  v.  mndb^a. 

zngxr  ynam  1.  heaven,  sky,  =  ndm  -  mUa; 

'^  yndm-ga  id.  Cs, ;  yndmr-gyi  gd-la  the 
sphere  or  globe  of  heaven  O.  (^^lynam^yur- 
ba  Mil.^  mentioned  in  connexion  with  an 
earthquake,  and  prob.  corr.  translated  by 
&ch\  with  thunderstorm,  tempest;  ^nam 
kar^k&r*  W.  now  the  sky  is  cloudless,  now 
overcast  (inst.  oi  *dkar'^fcor*f);  yndm-^go 
1.  Sch.  the  gate  of  heaven  (?).  2.  C,  trap- 
door. —  ynam-lcagSy  ptam-lce  Cs,  thunder- 
bolt, lightning  that  has  struck;  ynam-stdn 
the  thirtieth  day  of  the  lunar  month,  the 
day  of  new  moon  Pth,\  *nam-fdn*  W,  serene 
sky,  fine  weather.  —  ynam-feUdhdr-po  Glr. 
99  is  said  to  be  a  deity  of  the  Horpa  or 
Mongols,  as  likewise  sa^fel^ndg-po^  and  bar- 
fel-Hrd'bo.  —  yndm-mda  Pth.  shooting  iin 
arrow  straight  up  into  the  air.  —  yndm-rdo 
C8.  =  }nam'lddg8y  Schr.  hail.  —  yna^n-zlum 
vault  of  heaven  Sch,  —  ynam^yds  Glr.  95 
is  said  to  be  a  n.  p.,  the  name  of  a  build- 
ing. —  ynam^'i^^  resp.  for  yhi^  boW  (for 
shooting),  Cs.  rainbow.  —  yndm-sa  heaven 
and  earth,  yndmsa  brd^b-pa  tsam  so  that 
heaven  and  earth  were  mixed  Glr.  —  2.  v. 
nam^  faulty,  incorrect 
— ^Q.q.  ynd'ba  Glr.y  Lt.^  mab  Sg.y  Ld.  *nd' 

•^         pOy  fem.  nd-mo*.,  an  antelope,  found 
in  Ld.ySp.^Kun.^Nepal  and  other  countries; 


310 


qMn'2f  pid-bo 


^ 


^^^^^  ynds-pa 


^^• 


its  flesh  is  well-tasted,  and  its  hair  is  sup- 
posed to  cure  cases  of  poisoning  (!)  Med. 
Hook\j  (Him.  Journ.  II,  132)  seems  to  mean 
this  animal  by  his  'gnow\  prob.  confound- 
ing )na  with  ynyan  (q.v.)  which  latter,  ace. 
to  Cunningham's  Ladak  p.  198,  and  by  the 
statements  of  the  natives,  is  the  argali. 
m^Q'Sf  y^'^o  ancient  Cb.;  yna-siidn  form- 
''  eriy,  in  old  times  Cs.;  ynd-dus  Lex, 
former  times,  time  of  yore;  ynd-nas  ma  mfoh 
never  seen  or  heard  of  before  DzL ;  ynd- 
rabs  Cs.  men  who  lived  in  old  times,  the 
ancients. 

^}^^'  pid-mi  Lex.  w.e.;  Sch.  witness. 

ynas  1.  place,  spot,  B.j  C\  (in  W. 

sa('Mi/dd)^  sor-cd)  dbhh-pai  ynas  hi^ 
a  lonely  place;  mfd-bai  ynas  a  raised  place, 
an  elevation  DzL ;  ynds-na  ^dug-pa,  ynds- 
m  sdodr-pa  the  being  somewhere,  ynds^su 
^gi'd'ba  the  going  somewhere,  ynds-nas 
skrod'pa  the  expelling  from  a  place  Gram. 

—  2  place  of  residence,  abode,  dwelling- 
place,  (in  W.  not  in  use)  pias  Jb^bspa  ScL^ 
Jcd-ba  Ma,,  ^d^bs-pa^  to  establish  one's  self 
at  a  place,  to  settle,  puis  ytdn-ba,  hdm^a^ 
to  quarter,  lodge,  take  in,  a  person  Stg.^  ynas 
med-par  ^g^yur-ba  to  become  homeless;  a 
house,  family,  or  race  no  longer  existing, 
extinct,  DzL;  yndssu  son-no  they  returned 
to  their  place,  their  home  DzL;  ynas  dan 
skyabs  m^d-par  ^gyvr -ba  to  be  at  one's 
wit's  end,  not  knowing  what  to  do  Schr, 

—  3.  a  holy  place,  place  of  pilgrimage;  her- 
mitage, monastery;  ^ndsjal-pa,  nds-kor-pa* 
W.  a  pilgrim;  ^dor-je-Uh-gi  nc*  the  her- 
mitage, or  Buddhist  parsonage  in  Darjee- 
ling;  ace.  to  Sch.  also  Lama,  cf.  midd-ynas. 

—  4.  a  clerical  dignity  or  degree,  ynas  sbyin- 
pa  to  confer  such  Sch.  —  5.  (cf.  the  Latin 
hciLs)  object,  like  ywZ,  but  not  so  frq.,  gddr 
mm  ynas  an  object  of  laughter;  nd  -  fsai 
ynas  words,  actions,  which  ought  to  be  an 
object  of  shame  .&Ar. ;  point,  head,  item 
Was.  (225);  sphere,  province,  fig.  S.g.\  rig- 

pai  ynas  Ua  the  five  classes  of  science.  — 
ynas  ^gyur-ba  Sch. :  to  appear  embodied  (?) ; 
O 


ynds-su  ^gyur  -  ba  and  bydd  -  pa  S.O.  and 
elsewh.  ? 

2™»rn'  y^cis-^a,  (imp.  prob.  only  in  the 
'  ^  periphrastical  form  ynds-par  bym) 

1.  to  be,  live,  lodge,  dwell,  stay,  of  persons, 
animals  and  things,  mndl-na  ynds-pai  Bym 
the  babes  in  their  mother's  womb  Dom. 

—  2.  to  remain,  hold  to  or  on,  adhere  to,  e.g. 
a  doctrine,  opinion,  way  of  acting  etc.,  dge- 
ba  bbu'la  ynds-pa  to  persevere  in  the  ten 
virtues;  bydms  -  pai  shns  -  la  ynas  -  pa  to 
remain,  to  continue  in  love;  in  a  general 
sense:  lS6s-la  ynds-pa  ^one  abiding  in  re- 
ligion', a  clerical  person  DzL  ^Q,  13;  io 
exist  permanently,  opp.  to  the  moment  of 
first  taking  existence  Was.  (278).  —  3.  to 
hesitate  (?).  —  rdb-tu  ynds-pa  v.  rdb-iu. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  (also  of  ynai):  yruk- 
skabs  \ .  state,  condition,  or  perh.  more  a(> 
curately  period,  mndl-gyi  ynas -skabs  Udf' 
Itar-po  Lex.  2.  temporal  life,  yna»-^kabs-bii 
bcU-ba  temporal  happiness  (opp.  to  mfdr- 
fug-gi  snyih'pOy  or  don,  Jbrds-bu,  Schr.^  the 
essence  or  result  of  perfection,  here,  there- 
fore, =  eternal  felicity);  ynds-skabs-tse-yi 
bar-ybdd  mi  Jbyuh-hin  if  my  temporal  life 
be  not  endangered.  —  ynas -Han  dwellin|, 
dwelling-house  or  room  DzL]  ynds-lcan-la 
sdgs-pa  a  furnished  house  or  room  Dd, 

—  ynas-^n  a  great  resort  of  pilgrimage, 
a  great  sanctuary  Tar.  —  ynas  brtdn  (loco 
firmus,  stabilis,  lit.  translation  of  ^rf^ 
1.  firm,  2.  old)  an  elder,  senior,  n.  of  the 
(16) highestdisciples  of  Buddha;afterwards, 
when  various  schools  had  been  formed,  n. 
of  the  orthodox  Buddhists,  Bum.  I,  288; 
Kopp.  1, 383;  Was.  (38).  (Cs.  seems  to  have 
confounded  brtan  with  brten^  when  he  trans- 
lates: subalteni,  vicar).  —  ynds-po  host, 
landlord,  master  of  a  house,  head  of  a  fa- 
mily 6'.,  ynds-mo  fem.  Glr.  —  ynas-mdl  Lex., 
^i\\^^,  sleeping  -  place,  night  -  quarters, 
couch  Schr.;  Cs.  dwelling-place  (?)  —  ynas- 
med  V.  )'nas  2.  —  ynas  ytsdn-mai  r»  n.  p., 
name  of  an  abode  of  the  gods.  —  ynas- 
fsdn  dwelling,  quarters,  lodgings,  mi-la  ynas- 
fsdn  yydr-ba  to  ask  for  a  lodging;  to  be 


^iB^U'Ai^    S2JUrci^c^  iu^^tk.x.j/^ 


CtJ'  t^9^ 


s^'  ynon 


^ 


311 


^^ 


mna 


lodged,  to  be  received  into  another's  hoase 
Tar.'^  *ne'tsan  jun*  C.  you  will  be  lodged 
here,  you  may  stay  here  (over  night),  W. 
*(fdn'Sa^  —  ynaS'fsul  1.  the  slate  in  which 
one  is,  good  or  bad,  condition  of  life,  sefm- 
kyi  the  state  of  one's  soul  or  heart.  2.  an 
account,  of  one's  state  of  mind.  3.  story, 
tale,  narration;  event,  col.  4.  in  philosophy: 
the  reality  of  being  (opp.  to  non-existence) 
Was,  (297).  —  ynas-yM  1 .  =  ynas  3,  Tar.  frq. 
2.  the  Jocative,  that  case  which  relates  to 
being  in  or  at  a  place  Gram.  —  ynds-lugs 
i.  position,  disposition,  arrangement,  lus-kyi 
arrangement  of  the  parts  of  the  body,  the 
science  of  anatomy  Med,  2.  in  mystical 
works :  ynds-lugs  rtdgs-pa  the  knowledge  of 
the  essence  of  things,  the  knowledge  ot  all 
things,  or  in  a  Buddhist  sense,  of  the  non- 
existence of  all  things,  Tar.  and  elsewh. 
—  ynaS'Udd  1.  topography  and  geography 
col.  2.  narration  of  legendary  tales  con- 
nected with  some  holy  place.  —  ynds-sa 
(v.  ynds'pd)  the  permanent  residence  of  a 
person,  or  the  constant  place  of  a  thing, 
opp.  to  ^h&rsa*  W.  temporary  place  or  re- 
sidence; place,  room,  in  general,  ^ne-saydn- 
pa  du^  TT.  there  is  much  room  here.  — 
pias-bsrun  1.  W,  ('locum  tenens')  earnest, 
earnest-money,  pledge,  security;  it  might  also 
be  used  for  ticket,  ticket  of  admission  etc. 
2.  ScL:  guardian,  or  warden  of  a  monastery. 
fl|u|£-  ynoh  1.  v.ynah'ba,  —  2.  conscious- 

'  ness  of  guilt,  ynoh  Ian  (his)  conscience 
smites  (him)  Mil,\  Qgyod-bih  ynoh  bkur-bai 
sems  repentance  and  a  sense  of  guilt  DzL 
qSf'n"  ynoh'ba  1.  to  be  conscious  of  one's 

''  guilt,  to  feel  remorse,  to  be  stung 
in  one's  conscience,  yndh-iih  ^gydd-pai  sgo- 
nas  from  a  consciousness  of  guilt  Pth.,  ynoh- 
Q^ydd  drdg-pos  id.  Pth.;  *n6h-ho  Idh-na 
tim-co  de*  C.  where*  there  is  repentance, 
it  is  easy  to  pass  judgment.  —  2.  to  be 
seized  with  anguish,  as  the  efiPect  of  poison- 
ing. — 
mg^w  ynddrpa  1.  vb.  (cf.  sndd-pa)  to  hurt, 

••^  harm,  injure,  damage,  rkdh  -pa -la 
jrndd-par  ^gyur-gyi  ddgs-pas  in  order  not  to 
hurt  one's  foot  DzL;  ynod  -  par  ^gyur-bai 


dgra  a  dangerous  enemy  DzL;  *hd'la  nod 
yin*  W.  (he  or  it)  will  hurt  me.  —  More 
frq. :  2.  sbst.  damage,  harm,  injury,  byM-pa, 
skyd'ba,  Gb\^  MiL,  *kydl-ce*  W,  to  do  harm, 
to  inflict  injury,  to  hurt,  with  la;  yndd-pa 
med'par,  ma  ^gyur-nas  without  any  harm, 
without  injury  ScL;  jnod-byed-nyes-pa  v. 
nyiS'pa  I.  —  klui  yndd-pa  damage  done 
by  Nagas.  —  ynod-sbymy  ^^,  a  class  of 
demons. 


'^  ynon-pa  v.  ndn-pa. 
ynob  V.  mndb^a. 


SJOTTCJ'  mndg-pa  Sch.  =  yndg-pa  5. 

jt^ff-jT^c*  mnad-mndd  ScL :  falsehood,  ca- 
•1      '  »  lumny ;  W,  *nadrndd  bd-Kan""  one 
doing  damage  maliciously. 

$I^Cr  mndn-pa  v.  ndn-^a. 

3;j<3CT^,    (^^^  wwa6-pa,  (y)ndb^pa^ 
'        '    ^   I  resp.  for  gydn-pa,  to 

put  on,  nd'bza  Lex,  the  garment;  v.  also 
nab$, 

5I<3Wir^'  ^^^*"'*^^'  ^^*  mean,  worthless; 

•^  Lex.  and  Sch, :  nourishment,  food, 

mnab-rtsdl-gyi  bu('fsa)  Cs. :  the  child  of  an 
indigent  person,  ScL:  foster-child;  the  word 
is  not  much  known. 
^^xrzr  mndm-pa  to  smell  of,  cca.,  drt-nia 

'  gld  -  bat  ril  -  ma  mnam  as  to  its 

smell,  it  smells  of  the  dung  of  a  musk- 
deer;  to  smell  agreeably,  to  exhale  fragrance, 
e.g.  the  scent  of  lotus  Glr,\  more  frq.  to 
smell  badly,  to  spread  an  offensive  smell, 
to  stink,  rhvX  mah  dri  mnam  profuse  and 
badly  smelling  perspiration  Lt ;  lv»  btsdg- 
pa  mnam  -  pa  (or  -po)  ^di  DzL  this  foul 
stinking  body.  Note :  The  transitive  signi- 
fication (to  smell  =  to  perceive  by  the  nose) 
belongs  only  to  the  form  sndm-pa^  and 
DzL  V^,  14  should  be  translated:  the  me- 
dicine stank. 

^ -Q-  mna  oath,  mna  Jbdr-ba^  ^d6r~ba^  byid- 
^  pa,  skyil-ba  B.,  *kydl-te*  W„  to  take 
an  oath,  to  swear;  Iha  dpdh-du  bisugs-nas 
mna  byed-pa  to  swear  by  the  Lha  G/r.; 
^di'skad  ces  mna  bdr-ro  DzL ;  bar  dah  mnd'* 


312 


SI^'SJ- 


TnncL'iTia 


^ 


dpaii  byed  -  pa  to  act  as  a  mediator  and 
witness  of  the  confirmation  of  the  peace 
by  oath  Glr, ;  *vina  zd  -  ha*  C.  to  SWear 
falsely,  to  commit  perjury. 
yrxnw  mnd-ma  Dzl.  and  elsewh.,  Cs.:  a 

'  son's  or  grand-son's  wife,  adaughter- 
in-law;  but  the  word  is  also  used  for  the 
daughter-in-law  %  spe',  i.e.  for  the  bride 
of  the  son,  who  is  usually  selected  by  the 
parents  and  lives  with  these  for  one  or  two 
years  before  being  married;  so  also  bride- 
groom and  son-in-law  are  nearly  synon- 
ymous; V.  bdg-ma  and  mdff-pa]  c£  also 
the  Hebrew  inn  and  nS3. 
SITj^q*  mndr-ba  to  suffer,  to  be  tormented, 
i?.,  C,y  sdug-bshdl  jmn-pos  under  a 
mountain  of  misery  Glr.;  nyes-mH  yfsd-bo 
rffydl-poi  gjigs-paa  mnar  the  innocent  lords 
had  to  suffer  in  consequence  of  the  king's 
fears  Pth. ;  Ids-kyis  mndr  -  ba  to  suffer  in 
consequence  of  former  actions,  to  be  damned ; 
Ids-kyis  mndr-bai  brdg'sHn-Tno  zig  a  Srinmo 
in  the  state  of  damnation;  ran-nyid  mnar- 
8da7i(?)  byed  you  make  yourselves  suffer 
the  torments  of  damnation  Mil. 
MQ|»  mnaiy  resp.  for  ynyid^  Sleep,  mndl- 

^      du  p^b^a  or  ^grd^a  to  fall  asleep, 
mndl-ba  to  sleep,  mndl-yzim-pa  id.;  mrud 
sdd-pa  to  awake  Mil, ;  mnal  -  lab  the  talk- 
ing in  one's  sleep;  mndl-lam  dream  Glr, 
^Sfq*  ^^-*«  1-  to  think,  fancy,  imagine, 

'  de  nd'la  zdr-ba  yin  mnds-nas  think- 
ing it  had  been  said  to  him.  —  2.  to  think 
upon,  to  consider,  sna  bsam  pyi  mno  m^d- 
par  neither  considering  before  hand,  nor 
thinking  of  the  consequences;  bsam-mnd 
ytdn-ba  id..  Mil.  (cf.  bsamrbld). 
»5|firn'  'ffif^ff'pO'  contentment  Cs.;  zas-mndg 

'  '  Lea,  w.e. ;  Sch, :  moderate  fare,  fru- 
gal diet;  mnog-cun  insignificant,  tiifling,  v. 
nans, 

5|A^'i^  mndti'ba  v.  yndii-ba. 
SJa^'CJ'  mnod-pa  v.  ndd-pa, 

«^j5r§|q'  "fnnol-gtib  Cs.  =  mnal'gnb;  mnol- 
^^9  weak  intellect,  want  of  quick 
perception  Sch, 


S^S^mnas  1.  v.  ndd-pa,  —  2.  v.  mnMa, 

srq-  md-ba  !•  resp.  snyan^  col.  ^ndm-^ogj 
1  or  am-^o^^  (Pur,,  Bed.  *ma^  sna^^ 
the  ear,  shns-ian  ^dn-pa-dag  md-bas  sgrd- 
mams  fos  the  deaf  hear;  md-bai  me -Ian 
the  drum  or  tympanum  of  the  ear  Cs.]  md- 
bat  dgd'Ston  a  treat  for  the  ears  Glr.;  md- 
bai  dbdn-po  yfod  lend  me  your  ear,  listen 
to  me  MU. ;  ned  md-ba  mi  sun  I  am  not 
tired  of  hearing  Mil.;  mar  snydnrpa  plea- 
sant to  the  ear,  tickling  the  ear  Stg,\  md- 
ba  ^dudr^a  y.  ^dud-pa-,  md-ba  byd-bOf  byo- 
ba^  bldg-pa  Sch.^  to  listen,  md-ba  nd-ba 
disease  of  the  ear,  ear-ache;  md-ba  Jtr-ba 
Med.  a  tingling,  humming,  or  buzzing  in 
the  ears ;  md-ba  sra  hard  or  dull  of  hear- 
ing Sch.  —  2.  V.  ynd-ba, 

Comp.  ma-kdr  ear-ring  Sch. — *na-kydg* 
W.  ear-wax,  cerumen.  —  ma-Hun  ear-hole, 
JSi-bai  md-Uun-du  (or  md-barj  or  mar) 
brj6d-pa  to  cry  into  a  dying  man's  ear. 

—  ma-Uibs  that  part  of  a  helmet  which 
protects  the  ear  Sch.  —  i*na-gydn  orna- 
ment worn  in  the  ears,  e.g.  me-tog-gi  Stg.; 
ma-M  id.,  ysir-gyi  MU,  —  m4-mcog  col. 
i.  =  md-ba.  2,  the  pan  of  a  fire-lock.  — 
ma-ltdg  the  back -part  of  the  ear  Cs.  — 
md-teg-ban^  bzdd-pa  sgdm-pai  md-feg-ban 
one  that  is  able  to  listen  to  all  that  (stuff) 
with  patience  Mil,  —  ima-ydub  ear-ring 
Cs.  —  mor-mdd  yzir-ba  C.  the  piercing  of 
the  ear  with  an  arrow,  a  Chinese  punish- 
ment. —  ma-spdg  (sic),  or  -spdbs  ear-wax 
Sch,  —  ma-rdl  an  ear  torn  by  pendants. 

—  ma-liin  Cs,  the  car  or  handle  of  a  vessel. 

—  ma  -  sal  Med.  ear-lap ,  tip  of  the  ear. 

—  ma(^-pa)-ys6g  Lex.  and  Lty  perh.  =  sna- 
ysog,  —  ma-sldn  (*nas-ldn*)  a  fur- cover 
for  the  ears,  worn  by  Tibetan  ladies. 

mag  matter,  pus,  suppuration,  magsmn- 
pa  pus  grown  ripe  Cs.;  ^dr^n^a  Sch.i 
^to  draw  out  the  pus';  (I  only  met  with 
7mag  snd-^dren-pa  S.g.^  which  can  hardly 
have  this  signification);  mag-rdol-ba  dis- 
charge of  matter;  rwogr-rft^Wa  prob.  caus- 
ing such  a  discharge  by  a  puncture;  mag 
Jtzdg-pa  the  dropping  or  running  of  pas 


^ 


313 


d.;  mag ' par  rndg^pa  to  form  pus,  to 
ulcerate  Gj.  —  shram -pa  mdg-ta  Kug  t. 
ffug^pa,  —  mag-Urdg  matter  and  blood. 
—  mag-dan  containiBg  pus,  purulent.  — 
mag-^brum  abscess  Sch.  —  ma^-hvhs  prob. 
the  core  of  an  ulcer. 
mm;|-  mags  W.,  C,  ready  money,  cash,  •nojr 
>  '  hyah*  id.  fnag-zo^  money  and  goods ; 
*gir^ifnogyadnag*  Ld.  eight  rupees  in  cash. 
IfT'O'  ^^^ '  ^A  p£  bmans  to  be  Checked, 
*  itopiietf,  shut  off;  with  or  without gri-- 

b(»r^  to  stick  fast  in  one's  throat;  to  be 
choked  (complete  form  brndnS'-te  JH-ba); 
dbfig^^kgiB  mdH-Hn  (his)  breath  stopping 
short  (from  fright)  PA.;  skdd-kyk  mdn-te 
not  being  able  to  utter  a  word  Dd. :??,  1 ; 
zds-hfis  mdn-te  the  food  sticking  fast  in 
his  throat,  mga-ndn-gyis  from  sorrow  DzL 
±fj'  mam^  in  compounds  for  mdm-pary  v. 
'       mdmrpa/r  extr. 

fmrtv  Tnam  -pa  1.  piece,  part,  e.  g.  the 
^  parts  of  a  panel  of  a  door,  *rin-gi 

ndror^*  a  longitiidinal  piece,  ^iin-gi  ndm- 
pd^  a  cross  piece  W.;  mdm-pa  pvyis-au 
gyes  (a  ray  of  light)  is  divided  into  two 
parts  or  rays;  section,  distiliet  part  of  a 
treafise;  part,  ingredient,  His-kgi  mdm-pa 
prd-^ags-mams  the  subtile  and  the  coarse 
ingredients  of  the  body  Wdh.\  mdm-pa 
kdn  -  tUj  fcmw  -  bdd  -  du  in  every  respect, 
to  all  intents  and  purposes,  through  and 
through,  entirely,  perfectly;  this  phrase  is 
used,  whenever  people  of  rank  are  address- 
ed: mam-kun  fug8-r)e  mgo-^drSn  bka- 
drm  mfyum-brdl  most  honoured  patron, 
altogether  incomparable  as  to  grace  and 
goodness!  or,  mam-k&n  fugs-r^e  dan  bka- 
dHn  m^n^-brdl;  European  gentlemen  are 
thus  addressed  in  letters:  mcnrhkun  f^kgs- 
r^  ^gyw-mkd  sd-heb  most  honoured  Sahib^ 
invariably  kind  in  every  respect!  —  2. 
things  or  persons  taken  IndividuaHy,  often 
pleon.,  ^od^z4r  mdmrpa  bit  four  (separate) 
nf9  of  light;  jo-bo  m€t7n(-^a)  ynyis  the 
two  hnrds  (sc.  gods)  Olf\ ;  bdag  Jtir  ttogs 
bu'Tno  mam -pa  Ina  we  five  girls  here 
assembled  MiL\  *sd'heb  ndm-pa  ngf^  W. 
the  two  Eluropean  gentlemeiic;    ?o  -  ^pril 


['CJ'  mam-pa 


mafiv-pa  hh6*brgydd  the  eighteen  Wonder- 
ful feats;  J}yun*ba  mdm-pa  Ma  Wdti.  the 
five  elements;  ial-zds  mdm-pa  DzL  VsS> 
17  the  separate  dishes  of  a  meal  (another 
reading:  hal- zda-mams);  when  used  in 
quite  a  general  sense,  the  exact  meaning 
is  to  be  understood  oiily  by  the  context: 
Uid'Sa  mamrpa  ynyis  fsdr-nojs  after  finish- 
ing the  two  Lhasa  afiairs,  viz.  the  erecidng 
of  two  buildings  previously  mentioned; 
mdmrpa  fams-bdd  mkyhwpai  ye-h4s  8, 0., 
or  spgan  Dzl.^  as  much  as  omniscience; 
yzugs  m  ISa-ddg  dan  dbyibs-kgi  mdrn-pao 
yztigs'  is  that  in  which  both  colour  and 
form  are  included  Wdn.  —  3.  division,  ClasS, 
spOeie^,  dpun  mam  bhi  the  fdtti'  s^iM 
of  troops  (cavalry,  elephants,  chariots,  in- 
fantiy);  'tudm-pa  bh  of  four  diffteeftt  kinds. 
—  4.  manner,  way,  m^dm^pa  ma-t^dgs-kyis^ 
mdmrpa  sna-fsdgs-kyi  sgd-fua  in  manifold 
manner,  variously,  frq.;  m^dmrpd  dritg-tu 
(the  earth  shakes)  in  six  ways,  i.e.  direc- 
tions (whenever  extwlotdinary  works  of 
charity  are  performed  by  holy  men)  V. 
Bv/m,  I.,  262  (not  *six  times'  flfeA.);  mdm- 
pais  =«  agd-nas,  or  jSy»r,  bslk-bai  mdm-pas 
by  arts  of  seduction  Dzl;  dt-la  mi  dgd- 
bai  mdmrpas  from  vexation  at  it  Mil. ;  bHir- 
mai  mdm-pas  in  consequence  6f  thfe  cold 
wind  Mil.  —  5.  outward  appearance,  ex- 
terior, imTTi  ^  *^  form,  figure,  shape: 
Ibdgs-kyui  mdm-pa  in  the  srhape  of  k  hook, 
hooked  Wdh. ;  stdvrpai  m&mrpar  sprid  he 
assumed  the  appearance  of  th^  Teacher 
Tar. ;  ^dsskui  mdm-par  ^gyiir-ba  to  appear 
in  a  misty  fomi  Glr. ;  lus  Jti  ni  roi  mdih- 
par  ^gyi£r  this  body  tum^  into  a  corpse 
Thgy.^  and  so  in  most  cases  with  regard 
to  the  whole  appearance;  of  colour  alone 
it  is  used  <mly,  when  dbyQys  (the  shape) 
has  already  been  stated,  as  iii  a  passage 
from  P(k.\  as  to  its  mdmrpa  (colour),  it 
is  spotted  like  a  leopard;  deportment,  de- 
meanour, gesture,  yid-du  Jm-hm  n^Am-pa^ 
of  graceful  manners  3ft7.;  further:  stsfto, 
manner  of  existence,  of  certain  inhabitants 
of  hell  Thgy.'j  in  philosophical  writings: 
'Form  der  Erkenntniss'  Was,  (274);  men- 

20* 


314 


J^fCJ^  mdnnrpar 


tally :  disposition,  temper,  state  of  mind  Thgy.\ 
*lio  ndmrpa-la*  =  sdm-pa-la  C.  in  his  mind. 
zxrmxr  Tudrntrpar  1.  termin.  of  mdm-pa: 
»  into  the  form  etc.,  v.  above.  —  2. 

as  postp.  Iil(e,  =  the  Lat.  instar,  Wdn,  — 
3.  adv.  (possibly  an  abbreviation  of  mam- 
pa  Mn-tu),  entirely,  perfectly,  thoroughly; 
in  negative  sentences:  by  no  means,  on  no 
account;  often  only  adding  force  to  another 
word,  Ssk.  f^;  frq.  in  the  shorter  form 
ma/m. 

The  following  expressions  most  in  use, 
containing  the  adv.  mam -par  or  manij 
are  alphabetically  arranged  with  reference 
to  the  second  word:  mdmr-pofr  klitb-pa  to 
adorn,  embellish  Cs.  —  mam-grdns  i.  enu- 
meration, rgydl'pci  of  kings  Glr.   2.  the 
whole  amount,  sum  total,  S.ff.;  full  number 
or  quantity,  where  nothing  is  wanting  &Zr.90, 
3.;  mfsdn-fftfi  mam-grdns  the  component 
parts  of  his  name  according  to  their  ety- 
mological value  Tor.  69, 3.  3.  treatise,  disser- 
tation, a  paper,  ^ds-kyi  frq.    4.  by  gramma- 
rians the  signification  of  de  is  thus  defined : 
i^nam-grans-yian-h^dd-pa  demonstrative 
pronoun(?).  —  mawr^gykr  (cf.  above  mdm- 
pa  h^  1.  form,  figure,  shape,  yi-gd  mam- 
^<gyiir  the  form  of  the  letters  (written  or 
printed)  Qrlr,^  or  in  this  passage  also  =  the 
gracefdl  form  of  letters,  caligraphy,  pen- 
manship, V.  below.  2.  behaviour,  demeanour, 
his- nag -gi  Wdn.\  of  a*  sick  person  S,g.; 
gesture,  e.g.  devout  gestures  MU,'^  mam- 
^gyiir  rdzh-pa  Pth.  mimic  gestures,  mimical 
performance,  ballet.   More  esp.:  3.  beau- 
tiful form,  graceful  carriage  of  the  body, 
gracehil  attitudes  (of  dancers  etc.)  PtJi. ;  bzoi 
mam-^<gyiir  the  beauty  of  a  work  Glr, 
4.  pride  C,  W,j  Mil.;  mdm-^yur-can  Imtj 
smart,  gayly  dressed;  proud,  vain,  foppish 
col.   —  mam -par  rgydl-ha  conquering 
completely,    gaining  a  full  victory  Pth,\ 
mamrrgydl  a  surname  much  in  use;  mam- 
rgyal-puh-pa^  ace.  to  Schl.  247  bum-pa^ 
water-bottle  for  sacred  uses. — mam{-pary 
bcdd(-pa)  section,  paragraph,  mam -par 
bbad-pa  dan-po-o  first  paragraph;  also 
mark  of  punctuation  at  the  end  of  a  pa- 


$  JF^fCJ^  mdm-par 

ragraph,  i.e.  double -shad.  —  mam-bhur 
dbah  -  Man  a  certain  way  of  writing  the 
Ommanipadmeham,  v.  SchL  p.  121 ;  but  I 
should  rather  explain  it  in  accordance  to 
mdm-pa  2,  as  the  Hen  powerful  things^ 
scil.  letters  or  written  characters,  else  the 
words  would  have  been:  mdm-par  dbah- 
Iddn  bdu,  —  mdm-par  ^J^g-pa  v.  mam- 
bidg,  —  mdm-par  rfdg-pa  (cf.  rtdg-pa  I.  2, 
and  II.,  2),  gen.  sbst  mam-rtdg  (f^lRff 
distinction;  doubt,  error)  1.  discrimination, 
perception;  so  perh.  S.g,:  mam-rtdg  nan 
bbom  the  perception  of  what  is  disagreeable 
is  weakened;  reasoning,  mental  investigation, 
opp.  to  ye-hes^  the  sublime  wisdom  of  the 
saint    2.  scruplo,  hesitation,  mam-rtdg  ma 
mdzdd-par  can  ^di  ysol  please  drink  this 
beer  without  any  scruple!  Pth.;  so  also  in 
col.  language.  3.  in  philosophy:  obscuration, 
viz.  of  the  clear  and  direct  (nihilistic)  know- 
ledge of  truth  by  reasonings  in  the  mind 
of  the  individual,  error.  Was,  (305).    4.  in 
pop.  language  disgust,  distaste,  mdm-rtog 
shy4d-pa  to  feel  disgust  Glr.j  zd-ba  PA. 
prob.  id.  —  mdmr(j>ar)  fdr(-ba).    1.  to  iie 
entirely  released  or  delhfered,  and  sbst  com- 
plete delhforance,  mam-fdr  ysum   Trigl 
fol.  12,  three  ascetic  notions  (in  themselves 
of  little  consequence),  stoh-pa-nyid^  Tnfsdn- 
pa-medrpa,  and  smdn-pormed-pa.    2.  sbst. 
mam-fdr  biography,  legendary  tales  about 
a  saint;  tale,  story,  description,  in  general. 
—  mam-fds-(kyi)  buy  sras^  mam-sras^ 
Kuvera,  Ssk,  %m[^^.  —  mam -(par)  ddg 
(-pa)  thoroughly  cleansed,  frq. ;  by  mam- 
(par)  ddg  (-par)  rtsi-ba,  or  mdzdd-pa  I 
have  attempted  to  express  the  Scriptural 
doctrine  oidixawvv  or  justification. — rncmi- 
^dud  n.  of  one  of  the  seven  golden  hills 
round  Mount  Meru  Glr.  —  mam-^drin 
(cf.  JLrSn-pa  2)  the  saviour,  Buddha;  nuww- 
log-jdrin  the  reverse.  —  mam-parsnan- 

mdzdd^  %^t^nff  °-  ^^  *^®  fi'^*  ^f  ^^^  Dhyani 
Buddhas.  —  mam-(par)  ^prul(-ba)  sorcery, 
magic  tricks,  byid-pa  Dom.  —  mam-pySy 
mam-pyMy  prob.  =  mam- (par)  dbye(-ba) 
1.  distinction,  division,  section.  2.mam-dbyS 
case  or  cases,  of  which  the  Tibetan  gram- 


<v)  ^d.  (/V^Cct-v 


^^^ 


mams 


r^r 


815 


mS-ia 


marian8,  from  an  excessive  regard  of  the 
Ssk.  language  and  in  fond  imitation  of  its 
peculiarities,  have  also  adopted  seven  in 
number.  —  mam-^par)  smin^-pa)  retalia- 
tion,  requital,  of  good  or  evil  deeds,  com- 
mitted in  former  lives,  of  good  actions  by 
prosperity  (laa-^prd^y  of  bad  ones  by  misery 
and  sufferings  (Jan-lSdgs)^  very  frq.;  sdig- 
fat  mam^par  smin-pa  my&n-ba  DzL  — 
mam -(par)  bidgQ^a)  1.  tO  distinguish,  to 
put  in  order,  arrange,  classify  Wdn.,  Thgy,, 

sg6  -  nas  according   to  . . .  (certain 

points  or  facts).    2.  to  consider  a  person 
or  thing  as  fully  equal  or  equivalent  to 
another,  to  substitute  one  for  the   other, 
C. ;  mamrbiag  sbst.,  Lea.  iQ^iqiT  ^  •  pi&cing 
apart,  separating;  distinction.  2.  arrangement, 
position ,  =  ynds  -  lugs  1.  — *mam  -  (par) 
rig(rpa)  and  his(-pa\  as  a  vb.,  I.  to  know 
fully,  to  understand  thoroughly.  2.  mdmrpar 
his-pai  liiS'bavrmam»  Dom.  rational,  or  at 
least  animated,  beings,  opp.  to  inanimate 
nature;  as  a  sbst.,  gen.  mam-ies^  f^nVT^: 
1.  etymologically:  perfect  knowledge,  con- 
sciousness, Kopp,  I,  604.   2.  in  philosophy: 
one  of  the  five  pwh-po^  perceptions,  cog- 
nitions,  Was,  (of  which  there  are  six,  if 
the  knowledge  acquired  by  the  inner  sense 
is  included)  also  in  Mil,  frq.,   e.g.   sgo 
Inai  mam  -  ^es  (cf.  sgo  ysum).    3.  in  pop. 
language:  soul,  e.g.  of  the  departed,  (later 
literature  and  col.)    (The  significations  2 
and  3,  I  presume,  should  be  distinguished, 
as  is  done  here,  according  to  the  different 
spheres  in  which  they  are  used  and  not 
be  explained  one  out  of  the  other,  as  is 
attempted  Bum.  I,  503.  Schr.  gives  here, 
as  in  most  cases,  the  signification  used  in 
col.  language.)    4.  mam  -  rig    Was.  (307) 
idea,  notion;  Tar.  often  =  .irnj,  also  f^, 
mamHrig-tu  bkrdl-pa  ^explained  in  the  sense 
of  the  idealists^  Schf. ;  mam-rig  dan  rtdg- 
get  bstan-bbos  logical  and  dialectical  Shas- 
tras.  —  rruvmrbkad  explanation  Tar. 
^^  mams,  in  B.  the  usual  sign  of  the 
'         plural,  in  col.  language  little  used, 
esp.  in  W.,  meaning,  ace.  to  its  etymology, 
piece  by  piece;  hence  its  use  is  not  a  strict 


grammatical  rule,  but  more  or  less  arbi- 
trary; it  is  mostly  omitted,  when  the  plural 
is  otherwise  indicated,  e.g.  after  definite 
and  indefinite  numerals;  it  may  be  used, 
however,  not  only  in  these  instances  (^llor 
Tnan-po-mam^s  many  servants),  but  also 
after  collective  nouns  (dge-^dun-mams'),  at 
the  end  of  enumerations  (=  de  fams-bdd), 
after  general  expressions,  such  as:  gan 
y6d(-paymams  whatever  they  were,  after 
other  plural- signs  (. . .  d>ag-mams  etc.). 
Cf.  mdmr-pa  2. 

X^  mary  for  md-bar^  q.  v. 


XQJYJTN  mdl^-ma)  I.  1.  rest  Cs.y  his  mdl- 
'  dtt  ynds  -  par  gyitr  -  to  his  body 

obtained  rest  Tar.;  esp.  tranquillity  of  mind, 
composedness,  absence  of  passion,  sems  mdl- 
du  mi  ynds  -  par  his  soul  having  no  rest 
Tar,;  mdl-du  ^dug-pa,  or  JUdd-pa,  Mil.: 
mdl-mar  sddd-pa  id.;  rig-pa  mdl-du  Jbibs- 
pa  to  give  one's  mind  up  to  perfect  rest 
Thgr.;  mal-Jby&r  1.  ^}^,  meditation,  nearly 
the  same  as  Un-ne-  ^dzin  and  bsam-ytdn 
Mil.,  but  chiefly  when  it  is  considered  as 
the  business  of  life;  mal -  Jbyor  -  rgyud, 
^iffltfl,  Tar.  frq.  2.  often  for  mal-Jby&r- 
pa.  —  mal-J}y6r-pa  ^^tftP^,  ^SWt^, 
devotee,  saint,  sage,  miracle-worker  frq.  — 
2.  Sch.  also:  personal,  visible,  essential  (?) 
—  Tar.  201,  6.  32:  bstdn-pa  rndl-ma? — 
II.  often  for  mnal,  or  rv^  a*  , 

JE^'^'  mur-ba  v.  snur-ba. 

1^  md-ba  B.,  l^N    rndn-po  usual  form, 

1.  sharp,  acute,  edged,  pointed;  mo^midC. 
dull,  blunt;  mo  pyun-ba  to  sharpen,  grind, 
whet  Sch.  (like  Ua  ^ddn-pa);  mo  Un-pa 
to  get  sharp,  to  be  sharpened;  mo-pyun 
name  of  males.  —  2.  this  word  is  applied 
by  the  Tibetans  to  the  chemical  qualities 
of  things,  though  not  quite  in  the  same 
way  as  we  do,  as  they  ascribe  a  ^sharp' 
taste  to  the  flesh  of  beasts  of  prey,  to  the 
bile  etc.  Med.  —  3.  rig-pa  rnd-ba  sharp, 
clever,  shrewd,  Glr.,  bio  md-ba  talented, 
gifted,  dbdn-po.  m6-ba  acute,  sagacious. 


m 


1^'  rnati 


S&:  man  Mil?  mM-la  ^fog. 


sf  ma  1.  (resp.  hani)  the  nose,  J?.;  ia  col. 
^  Iftngoage  snormfsul^  v.  below;  snai  rus- 
pa  bridge  of  the  nose,  snai  bag-krum  car- 
tilage of  the  nose;  skad^sna-nas  ^d&n-pa 
to  utter  (na«ftl)  whining  (oaes  Mil,;  snd- 
na^  ^liridrpa  to  lead  or  tuVn  by  the  nose; 
ma  oPyi'ha  to  blow  one's  nose.  —  2.  trunk, 
proboscis,  pag-pai  Glr,;  gldd-^ma  v.  glan. 
—  3.  a  mouotain  projecting  from  some 
other  mountain  in  a  lateral  direction,  a 
spur  Glr, ;  it  might  also  be  used  for  cape, 
promontory.  —  4.  end,  fig-sna  the  end  of 
a  string  Glr,^  rdl-^pai  $na  the  end  of  a 
lock  of  hair  Glr.;  hem,  edge,  border,  gds- 
kyi  sna  the  border  of  a  garment  Cs,;  esp. 
the  nearer  end,  fore-part,  ^od  cm-po  iig-gi 
snd  -  la  foremost  of  a  bright  ray  of  light 
(thi^t  was  approaching)  Mil,;  sna  Jirhi-pa 
to  lead,  tp  head  (a  body  of  men)  cf.  mjtig' 
ma;  dmagsna  ^drhi-pa  to  take  the  com- 
mand of  an  army  Pth,;  more  indefinitely, 
like  jir&a'pa\  to  draw  along,  to  lead,  to 
guide,  esp.  with  lam^  to  direct  the  way  or 
course  of  a  person,  (having  the  person 
alw^y^  in  the  genit.  case);  ^o  driig-gi 
lam  -  sna  ^dren  as  a  guide  he  leads  all 
beings  Mil.;  *cu-na  dem-pa*  C.  to  conduct 
water  (by  a  water-course);  to  bring  upon, 
to  cause,  v.  below,  compounds;  mdg^sna* 
Jbrin-pa  to  cause  suppuration  Med,;  Idm^ 
sna  ^dzin^a  to  have  taken  a  certain  road 
Mil,  —  In  some  cases  it  is  difficult  to  ac- 
count for  the  signification,  so:  snor-cen-po 
Cs,  a  deputy;  commissioner;  sna-Un  by^d- 
pa  c.  genit.  to  Shelter,  harbour,  lodge,  take 
in,  Pth,y  C;  sna  (b)stdd'pa  L^sa?.,  bddg-gi 
sna-stdd  Mydd-la  re  Cs,  I  place  my  full 
confidence  in  you;  *nd'^  fdg-ne*  C,  (^ndr- 
do  gydh^te*  W,)  ^^gyel-bd!^  either:  to  fall 
by  striking  witb  the  fore-part  of  one's  foot 
against  a  stone,  or  by  striking  one's  foot 
against  a  stone  lying  before  one.  —  5.  sort, 
kind,  species,  mostly  with  ts6gs{-pa)^  W, 
with  *sO'S^^  diverse,  various,  all  sorts  of, 
spos  snO'fsdgS'kyis  ^d^bs-pa  Dzl,  to  strew 
all  sorts  of  spices  over  .  .  .  . ;  mam  -  pa 


^  sna 

sna-tsdgs  frq. ;  less  f rq.  snor-man  Lex,y  ma 
dpag  '  tu  '  m^d ' pa  Glr,,  sna-fydd  Glr,  tf 
every  sort;  rin-po-^e  sna-bdun  seven  kinds 
pf  jewels;  ddr-sna  Ina  five  sorts  of  silk; 
also  sna  alone  is  added  to  substantives, 
inst.  oi  sna-fsdgs^  or  =^  mams:  ^-srud 
diidrpa  smoke  from  difierent  sorts  of  wood 
Glr, ;  Jbru'Sna  smin-pa  the  ripening  of  com 
Glr,;  snor-ybig  a  single  one  Mil,;  ^-sna 
Tar,  166,  4  prob.  is  not  so  much  a  kmd, 
as  a  part  of  doctrine,  Schf,  —  6.  fm-sno, 
bld-sna  v.  mi  and  bio, 

Comp.  snd-skad^  *nd'kad  ton*  W,,  he 
speaks  through  his  nose.  —  sna-Uun  nostril 

—  sna-Hrdg,  snor-Urdg  ^dzdg-pa  a  bleeding 
from  the  nose,  sna-Mrdg  ycdd-pa  to  stop 
it,  ?arf,  it  ceases,  it  is  stanched.  —  ww- 
Urid  guide,  leader;  the  leader  of  a  choir. 

—  snd-ga  col.  =  sna  3.  —  sna-gon  trunk, 
proboscis  Sch,  —  sna-sgdn  bridge  of  tie 
nose  Cs.  —  sna-sgrd  the  noise  made  through 
the  nostrils  C«.,  snuffling.  —  sna-<ki  a  run- 
ning nose,  sna-M  ^dzag  mucus  is  dropping 
from  the  nose  Lu  —  sna  -  2^  Thgr,  a 
demon  (?).  —  sna-m&U  an  elephant's  trunk 
Pih,  —  sna-fdg  1.  a  rope  passed  through 
the  nose  of  a  beast  to  lead  it  by.  2.  pro- 
boscis, sna-fdg  or  sna-mlu  srin-ba  to  stretch 
it  forward  Pih,  t —  sna-dri  prob.  =««a& 
Med.  —  sna-yddh  bridge  of  the  nose  Sch, 

—  sna-^idg  (spelling?)  W,  snuff.  -  sna- 
^dr^  leader,  commander  ;s6{t/j7-6sna^^y»sna- 
^dr4n  one  that  causes  misfortune,  author  of 
it  —  snor-ndd  disease  of  the  nose.  —  *«a- 
S*  6'.,  *na-pi*  W.,  pocket-handkerchiet 

—  sna-bdbs  the  glanders  Sch.  —  snd -bo 
1.  leader,  commander,  chief.  2.  a  guide,  gom 
ysum  tsam-laan  snd  -  bo  dgos  about  every 
third  step  one  wants  a  guide  Mil,  —  sna- 
bug  S,g,^  sna  -  sbugs  Cs,,  nostril  —  sftor 
sby&Hj  sna-smdn  snuff  Med.  —  snd-ma  Lea- 
w.e.,  Cs,  =  sna  4.  —  snorrtsd  root  of  the 
nose  Cs,  —  sna-rtsi  tip  of  the  nose.  — 
sna-fsdgs  v.  sna  5.  —  "Twww-^siii*  W,,  *nam- 
Slip  Bal.  a=  8wa  1  and  2.  —  sna-Jkur  an 
aquiline  or  crooked  nose  Cs.  —  sna-4S  a 
flat  nose  Cs.  —  sna  -  ^d  the  flesh  of  the 
nose;  the  nose  Cs.;  sna^d  sbyin^  tp  so&r 


J{Xj;JUX%^  o<J^Cy.  "  , 


817 


sna^nam 


F^' 


sndn-ba 


one's  self  to  be  led  by  the  nose  Cs.  —  sna- 
yidff  %e  hair  in  the  nostrik';  sna-yhdys 
'the  wings  of  the  nose  (alae  nasi),  together 
with  the  nostrils'  Schr^  sna-yhdr  id.  Sch, 
—  snorbhdl  Lty  prob.  an  injection  into  the 
nose. 

irajST  sna-ndm  Samarkand  Glr. 

sr^^'  snasnhny  sna-sn^  ma  QcLug-Hg  do 
^  ^  not  sit}  here  so  idly,  without  any 
particular  object!  Seh. 

V  ma-sbrdn  arrow-head  Sch. 


sj-w  sna-ma  1.  Cs.:  'the  blossom  of  the 
^  nutmeg- tree' (?).  —  2.  v.  sna,  com- 
pounds. 

?'^'j    jr*s   sna-ru^  md-^o^  =  nd-ro  Sch. 

snag  l.=mag  Cs.  —  2.  also  sndg- 
fsa  ink,  Indian  ink,  rgya-sndg  China 
ink,  bod-snag  Tibetan  ink,  ce-sndg  Cash- 
mere ink;  *ndg('fsa)  lug  son*  W.  the  ink 
has  run,  i.e.  a  blot  has  been  made.  — 
^nag-kon*  W.y  *nag-bhum*  6'.,  inkstand.  — 
mag-fig  an  ink-spot,  a  dash,  a  stroke,  made 
with  the  pen.  —  snag-^4  ink-powder.  — 
snag-ris  rgydg-pa  to  paint  over  with  ink. 
—  3.  Ttdg-gi  sndg-lpags  Pth.f 

m\(KT\'  snag(s)  =  ma  -  yng^,  relationship 
^^        by  Vtiemo^ef SSiie;sndg-gi /^nyen- 
mUdms  id.  Pih.\  snag-dbdn  Lex.  w.e. 
n[^*q*  sndh-ba  I.  vb.  1 .  to  emit  light,  to  shine, 
^  to  be  bright;  sndn-bar  byed-pa  to  fill 

wHh  light,  to  enlighten,  to  illuminate,  o^^- 
^  to  be  filled  with  light,  to  be  enlightened, 
^•g«  by  the  light  of  wisdom  DzL;  hin-tu 
'm-sndn-bai  muvrpa  darkness  entirely  de- 
void of  light  DzL  —  2.  to  be  seen  or  per- 
ceived, to  show  one's  self,  to  appear,  e.g. 
blood  appears  on  the  floor  DzL ;  (pyi)  sndn- 
ba  fams-bdd  MiL,  pyi  sndri  -  ba  gan  Jbyun 
MU.^  pyi  sndn-bai  yul  AtiLy  snan-fsdd  Glr.^ 
every  thing  visible,  all  that  is  an  object 
of  sense,  the  external  world;  dd-lta  rgyu 
zig  snan-no  now  an  opportunity  shows  itself 
Dzl]  his  mi  snan  yah  ysuh  sndn-ba  ma- 
(Sdd-pa  byun  although  the  body  had  become 
invisible,  yet  tbfa  voice  continued  to  appear, 


to  be  heard  Tar.  127, 11;  it  seems  even 
to  bo  capable  of  being  extended  to  mental 
perceptions,  the  partic.  being  equivalent  to 
imaginable;  to  have  a  certain  appearance, 
to  look  (like),  idd-pa  Itar  as  if  it  had  been 
suddenly  cut  off  Wdn.\  snwn-bcas  (to  look) 
greasy  S.^.;  opruUdu  sridh-no  it  looks  like 
sorcery  Glr.  (cf .  oprtd) ;  ?ni-sndn-ba  invisible, 
mi  -  snan  -  bar  ^gyur-ba  to  disappear  frq. ; 
btsiin-mo-mams  mi  sndh-ba  dan  as  their 
wives  were  not  to  be  seen,  were  not  present 
DzL  V*^,  17 ;  mi-sndh  bar  by^d-pa  to  make 
invisible,  to  efface  the  traces  of  a  thing. 
—  3.  =yddr^a  Lex.y  sometimes  in  J5.,  and 
in  the  col.  language  of  certain  districts; 
hes  prdl-shadria  snan  so  it  occurs  in  vulgar 
language  Gh*am.;  zer-ba  snan  it  is  said, 
didtuTy  Tar.  34,  4,  and  in  a  similar  manner 
33,22;  34, 14;  prob.  also:  to  be  in  a  cer- 
tain state  (of  health),  in  a  certain  condition, 
situation  etc.,  6*.;  *dhd-ta  ghah  ndn-ghin 
y^^-dham*  how  are  you  now?  *^ag  peb  zu 
nan*  is  the  usual  salutation  in  G,  like  our: 
good  morning!  or:  how  do  you  do?  however, 
the  literal  sense  of  it  seems  to  have  been 
forgotten,  as  even  educated  Lamas  seldom 
know  how  to  write  it  correctly.  The  proper 
way  of  spelling  it  seems  to  be :  pyag  peb 
bind  snahy  and  the  words  hardly  imply 
much  more  than  those  addressed  to  inferior 
people,  viz.  da  leb  son  well,  so  you  are 
come!  well,  there  you  are!  Cf  gd-le. 

II.  sbst.  (^^,  "vrat^  6t.c  )  1.  brightness, 
light,  sndh-ba  ydd-pai  dits-su  when  there  is 
light,  broad  day-light  Thgy.\  fig.  ^ds-kyi 
sndh'ba  the  light  of  doctrine  DzL  —  2.  an 
apparation,  phantom,  mi  mdh-pos  d4d-pai 
sndn-ba  Jyyuh-ho  there  is  an  appearance 
as  of  being  pursued  by  many  people,  i.e. 
a  phantom  of  many  pursuing  people  Thgr. ; 
rmi-Umi-gyisndh'ba-manvs  Mng.  —  3.  phy- 
sically: seeing,  sight,  bdag-rdh-gi  sndh-ba 
ma  ddg-pa  yin  my  faculty  of  vision,  my 
sight,  is  dimmed  Tar.\  more  frq.  intellec- 
tually: view,  opinion,  sahs-rgyds-kyi  sndh- 
ba-la  . . .  yzigs-sOy  mi-ndg-gi  sndh-ba-la  . . . 
mtdn-ho  by  the  Buddhas  he  was  looked 
upon  as . . .,  by  laymen  as  . . .  Glr.;  thought, 


818 


t^ 


cUoftA/^f 


^•q- 


sndn-ba 


^^2f  sndr-po 


■"^ 


idea,  notion,  conception,  c.  genit.,  ^cU  fams- 
bdd  rdn-gi  shns-kyi  sndn-ba  yin  all  these 
things  are  only  conceptions  of  your  mind, 
your  fancies  Thgr,;  skyid-sdug-gi  snan-ba 
^a?'  Thffr. ;  Jiydgs-pai  sndn-ba  Jbyun  MiL ; 
bh^essndn  ye-m^d-par  gyur-to  he  was  even 
without  a  thought  of  hunger  jW«7.;  abso- 
lutely :  ^Kydd-di  ndn-wa  gd-ru  tan  son*  W. 
where  are  your  thoughts  wandering?  Ms- 
la  sndn-ba  sgyur  turn  your  mind  to  religion ! 
Mil. ;  sndn  -  ba  ^gyiiT  -  ba  (to  fueravoelv) 
change  of  heart,  conversion  (not  to  be  con- 
founded with  sndh-ba/r  ^gyur-ba  v.  above). 
sndn-ba  bde-ba  pleased,  cheerful,  happy  Pth, ; 
in  some  expressions  it  is  equivalent  to  soul. 
Most  of  the  significations  mentioned  sub  3 
seeni  not  to  have  been  in  use  in  the  older 
language.  —  Jcrul-sndriy  ^prul  sndh  Illusion, 
deception  of  the  senses,  deceit,  error  MZ., 
Glr,^  col.  —  ynyis-mdn  the  arising  of  two 
ideas  in  the  mind,  j-nyis-sndn-gi  rtog-pa 
hesitation,  irresolution,  wavering  Mil—mfon- 
sndh  1.  the  act  of  seeing,  the  sight,  mfon- 
sndn-gi  sprul-pa  phantom,  apparition,  *fon- 
ndn  de-mo*  W,  a  sight  beautiful  to  look  at, 
*fon'ndn  sdg-po*  of  ugly  appearance.  2.  Cs.: 
manner  or  mode  of  viewing,  point  of  view; 
yzigs-sndn  id.  resp. ;  Pth, :  yzigs  -  sndn  -  la 
according  to  his  (supernatural)  intuition  (with 
reference  to  a  holy  person).  —  fsor-sndn 
the  hearing,  ^tsor-ndn-la  nydn-px^  W.  de- 
lightful to  hear,  pleasing  to  the  ear.  — 
bar-sndn  v.  bar,  —  ran  -  sndn  one's  own 
thoughts,  ideas  Mil]  the  Own  mind  Glr.; 
ran-9nd7\  J^rul'pa  an  illusion  of  fancy  T^r.; 
snail -grdgs  things  seen  and  heard  Mil,  — 
snah-stoh  Mil,  trq.,  prob.  not  'empty  show, 
delusive  appearance'ScA.,  but:  things  (really) 
appearing  and  (yet)  void,  one  of  those  frq. 
instances,  where  two  words  of  opposite 
meaning  are  placed  together,  dbyer  -  med 
often  being  added,  as  a  tertium  quid  (cf. 
Kopp.  I,  598).  —  snan  -  ddg  {naii  -  Hdgs^ 
brtdgff  Ld,  nan-sfag)  col.  the  inward  man, 
the  heart,  the  soul,  *nah-ddg-la  sdm-pa  sa/r 
son*  W,  a  thought  has  risen  in  my  soul; 
*nari  -  ddg  cad  son*  now  he  has  felt  it  in 
his  inmost  soul,  this  vrill  have  struck  home 


to  his  heart  W,;  *nd'la  nan-dhdg ma  jimn* 
C.  I  have  not  heard  it,  perceived  it,  minded 
it;  *nah-dhdg  ma)h€*C,y  *ma  ^*  W.,  I 
was  not  heedful,  I  made  a  mistake!  — 
sndn-ba-mfa-yds = ^od-dpag-m^d  AjmtnhhtL^ 
the  fourth  Dhyani  Buddha.  —  sndn-me  v. 
nan -me.  —  snan-^dd  v.  above  I.,  2.  — 
snan-fsul  1.  the  outward  appearance,  of  a 
landscape  =  scenery  Mil;  2.  appearance 
opp.  to  essence,  ynas-^td  Was.  (297).  — 
snan-mdzdd  v.  mam -par.  —  snan-sdz 
thoughts, fancies (?)—  snansrid(Ssk.  Hm\) 
the  visible,  external  world  frq.  —  mah-fsdl 
shining  brighflo,  brilliant;  cds-kyi  snan-ysdl 
sgr&nrme  the  bright  light  of  doctrine  Pth. 
—  snan-nor  ral  Jtrum  Tar,  16(?). 
xjr'n*  s^wwf-pa,  pf.  bsnad,  imp.  snody  tO  hurl, 
^  '  to  harm,  to  injure,  c.  accus.,  lus  sudd- 
nas  being  hurt  in  the  body  Dd.;  nai  rta 
snad  ^ro  or  ^on  my  horse  might  be  hurt 
Mil\  sndd-kyis  ddgs-te  afraid  of  hurting 
him  Dzl;  of  homed  cattle:  to  butt  Sch. 
f7q^  ^0^3,  resp.  sans^  mucus,  snivel,  snot, 
^  snobs  pyi-ba  to  blow  one's  nose, 

snabs-pyis  pocket-handkerchief;  snobs-lug 
snotty  nose,  snotty  fellow  Sch.;  snabs-lM^ 
prob.  also  dar-sndbs  Dom.  =  snobs ;  bi-snabs 
thick  phlegna  Cs. ;  sndm-pa  v.  snom, 
xm-q-  sndm-bu  woolen  cloth;''  the  common 
^  ^  sort  is  not  dyed,  very  coarse,  and 
loosely  woven;  sndm-bu sptc-ban  hairy  cloth, 
napped  cloth ;  snam-pr^^  dbus-sndm  MiL, 
fine  cloth;  ^o-sndm  C.  id. ;  snam-sbydr  Lea. 
a  sort  of  loose  mantle  for  priests  Cs.  — 
*ndmr^a*  W.  trowsers.  —  snamryiig.^  yug- 
snom  a  whole  piece  or  roll  of  woolen  cloth. 
snam  rds  woolen  cloth  and  cotton  cloth  MiL 
5J3^'OTr  «w«^^^«^  (U:  *dm-bdj/*)  boSOm, 
^  "^  '  snom-ldgs,  snam-yidgs  resp.  side. 
sj;^  snor,  terrain,  of  mo*^  snar-bkdb  Wdk. 
^  fol.  464  nose  -band(?)  pocket  -  handker- 
chief (?);  sndr-kyu  guide-rope  for  camels, 
passing  through  their  nose. 
xjx-gr*  nar-fdn  n.  of  a  monastery,  Kopp.  U, 
^  256;  n.  of  a  philologist  Gram, 

§l^2f  §1^'^  sndr-po^  sndr-mo  Cs.  1.  of  a 
^  '  ^  white  or  light  red  colour  (cf. 
skyo-ndr).  —  2.  long,  oblong,  cf.  ndr-mo. 


i^^i 


'k 


^^q*  sndr-ba 


319 


snod 


^ixrn'  «^^-ia  prob.  the  original  form  of 

^  bsndr-ba. 

sp^gr  snar-ma  n.  of  one  of  the  lunar  man- 

^  sions,  V.  rgyur^kar  3. 

^nj'^  sndl-ba  v.  bsndl-ba, 

^pj'gr  mdlrma  thread,  silk- thread ,  woolen 
^  thread  etc.;  knitting -yam,  or  yam 
used  for  other  purposes;  also  for  warp,  abb- 
yam. 

5J(3rCT  «^tiw-pa,  pf.  and  fut  bsnun^  1.  to 
^  '  prick  Lt;  to  stick  or  prick  into,  e.g. 
a  8tick  into  the  ground  MiL^  mfson  a  weapon 
Lex.  —  2.  to  suckle  (cf.  nu-ba,  nud-pa), 
nu-ma  or  nu-ko  snitn^a  Pth.^  Lt^  id.  — 
3.  to  multiply  Wdk.  —  ynad  miirwpa  Lex. 
w.e  ,  Sch. :  'to  excavate  the  interior,  to  get 
or  penetrate  into  the  inside*  (?). 
5Jfl*^  «ntii-pa,  pf.  bsnubs,  fut.  bsnub^  imp. 
^  8nub(8)  vb.a.  to  nub-pa,  to  cause 

to  perish;  gen.  fig.  to  suppress,  abolish,  abro- 
gate, annul,  desfroy,  annihilate,  a  religion^ 
a  custom  etc. 

sjw^  snu7n{-^aS.g.^  'poCs.\  l.fat,  grease, 
^  any  greasy  substance,  mum-ffyis  skud- 
pa  to  grease,  to  smear;  in  C.  esp.  oil  ( W. 
*mdr^naff*)^  snum-zad-kyi  mdr-me  a  lamp, 
the  oil  of  which  is  consumed ;  also  fig.,  snwm 
being  added  pleon. ,  e.  g.  Mnff, :  lies  -  zuns 
snum-zad,  and  parallel  to  it:  lus-zuns  zad 
Lt;  rlan-snum  raw  fat,  iun-snuni  melted 
fat  Cs.;  solsniim  cart-grease,  composed  of 
pulverized  charcoal  and  fat  Glr.  —  2.  fig. 
of  luxuriant  grass  or  pasture,  ri  snum-pa 
a  hill  clothed  with  luxuriant  pastures  C. 
(cf.  rug-g^);  snum-la  )dm-pa  luxurious  and 
soft  Mil.  —  snum  -  kdn  a  little  bowl  for 
oil  etc.  —  mum-Jcur  a  kind  of  pastry  baked 
in  suet.  —  snum-gUgs^  W.  ^nvm-ldg*^  a 
wooden  tablet,  blackened,  greased,  and 
strewed  with  ashes^  used  for  writing  upon 
with  a  wood-pencil,  thus  serving  for  a  slate. 

—  9num  -  caw,  snum-btasy  snum-lddn  fat, 
oily,  greasy.  —  snum-dri  a  smell  of  fat. 

—  mum^na^  oil  Kun.  —  snitm-rtsi  a 
greasy  liquid,  oil  etc. ;  greasy,  oily  C.  mum" 
p<i  vb.  =  sn&m-pa  1. 

»j^q-  sniir-ba^  pf.  and  fut.  bsnur^  vb.a. 
4         to  nur-ba^  1.  to  put  or  move  out  of 


ite  place,  to  remove,  to  shift  W.;  to  move  or 
draw  towards  one's  self  Cs. ,  so  mdun  -  du 
snur^a  Zam.  is  explained  by  Jin-^a.  — 
2.  Sch.:  to  cut  into  pieces,  to  fracture,  to 
crush,  zib-mar  into  small  pieces  (to  reduce), 
to  powder;  so  it  seems  to  be  frq.  used  in 
Lt^  though  one  Lex.  explains  it  by  ^dds- 
pa  (scarcely  corr.).  —  3.  Cs.  to  bring  near 
=  to  shorten,  dtts  a  term,  a  space  of  time. 
Cf.  bmii{ryba  Lexx, 

^(^\  sw^-wo)  1.  extremity,  end,  mdl-mai 
^  ^  Lex..,  of  a  thread,  tdg-sne  the  end 
of  a  rope  Sch.;  hem,  seam,  ne-mo  *ltdb' 
ce*  W.  to  fold  down  and  sew  the  edge  of 
a  piece  of  cloth,  to  hem;  *n^-mo  gydb-de* 
W.  to  trim  with  cord  or  lace.  sne-Jcdr  to 
warp,  to  get  twisted  Sch.  —  2.  sne-rgckL, 
sne-dmdry  sne-fsdd^  mdn-sne,  sneu^  names 
of  plants. 

S^n*  sneni^a  to  Shake,  to  cause  to  move 
^  sligMy^bsnem-byaisa^yii  a  quagm  i  re, 

shaking  or  yielding  under  one's  {eetSch.; 
Tiem-ru^m  bsn^m-pa  Lex..,  pf.  bsnerns. 

rq-  snd  -  ba  Cs.  =  snur  -  ba^  to  reduce  to 
small  pieces,  to  crumble. 
^-  STiod  I.  sbst.  (^iT^lif)  1.  vessel,  snocl- 
^  ^  spydd  id.,  Lex.  and  col.  frq.;  yser- 
sndd  a  gold  vessel;  pye-sndd  a  vessel  for 
meal  or  flour;  hi-sndd  water-pot,  pitcher; 
bu'Snod  uterus,  womb,  Lt  and  col.;  sndd^ 
Icyi  /ca  mouth  of  a  vessel,  snod-kyi  labs 
bottom  or  foot  of  a  vessel,  stem  of  a  glass. 
—  2.  in  anatomy :  snod  drug  (the  six  vessels) 
are:  gall-bladder,  stomach,  the  small  and 
the  large  intestine,  urinary  bladder  and 
spermatic  vessels  (in  the  female:  uterus); 
don-snddy  the  six  vessels  afld  the  five  don 
together,  v.  don  5.  —  3.  with  reference  to 
religion  v.  sde,  compounds.  —  4.  fig.  1 .  in 
ascetic  language  denoting  man,  as  far  as 
he  is  susceptible  of  higher  and  divine  things ; 
so  already  in  Dzl.  a  man  is  called  snod 
ydnS'SU  ddg-pa  a  very  pure  and  holy  vessel; 
snod'lddn  sldb-ma  a  disciple  eager  to  be 
instructed  Mil. ;  sn6d-du  riih-ba  one  fit  for, 
worthy  of  (instruction);  snod-du  med-pa 
unfit,  insusceptible,  rude,  vulgar. ;  lUs^par 
Ugs-pai  snod  miog^  nes-legs  bsgrub-pai  snod 


5l^  •  J  ^      ?C    -Q^^  "^  V^^>/     ^J        xAa.cCo)CVI 


/, 


-320 


► 


snon 


,.  AzA/w*"l/|'  — 


7n?<?^  a  most  perfect  vessel  of  religion  (most 
susceptible  of  etc.)  Thgy, ;  snod  ma  yin  in- 
susceptible of  religion  Thgy.,  Tar.  —  2.  in 
metaphysics:  pyi-sndd  the  external  world, 
or  rather  inanimate  x\zXw^jpyir-m6d-hp,  Jig- 
rten  Glr.  and  elsewh.  frq. ,  opp.  to  nan- 
bbtid^  viz.  the  sentient  beings  composing 
it;  so  Mil, ;  Sch. :  matter  and  spirit.  —  II.  v. 
sndd-^a. 

^i*  snon  rest,  remainder  (?)  Dzl  ^sS^,  4, 

^  '   Sch. 

^•q-  sndn-pa,  pf.  and  fut.  bsnan^  1 .  to  add, 
^  superadd,  increase,  augment,  *la  nan- 
de*  W.  to  add  to  the  wages,  to  raise  the 
wages;  *)a  fsd-big  nan  sal*  W.  please  give 
me  some  more  tea!  ynyis  bsnan-te  two  being 
added  to  them,  (their  number)  increasing 
by  two  Mil,;  mdh-du  sndn-pa  to  augment 
by  a  great  number  frq.  —  ndn-ka,  or  non- 
Ua  PT.,  increase,  growth,  augmentation,  and 
in  a  special  sense:  agio,  premium;  sndn^ia, 
bsndn-ma^  id.;  ^pun-non*  Wl,  ^gyab-ndn* 
6'.,  dmag-tsdys  sndn-ma  reinforcements, 
auxiliary  troops.  —  2.  to  add  up,  sum  up 
WdJc. 

^q'^CT'«'  rndb-zog-can  (spelling?)  cu- 
^         '     '  rious,  inquisitive,  *nob-zdg  cd- 
ce*   W.  to  pry  into,  to  ferret. 
^w^-  sn&m-pa  I.  also  snum-pa,  pf.  bsnuTns^ 
*  fut.  bsnum^  imp  snum(8);  and  sndm- 

pa^  pf.  bsnams^  fut.  bsnam,  imp.  snom(8\ 
1.  to  smell,  to  perceive  by  the  nose  (cf. 
mndm-^a),  snas  dri-mams  bsnams-pa  to 
perceive  scents  by  the  nose  Stg. ;  *da  ntwi* 
W.  there,  smell  at  that!  *2i  numr-te  dulrde* 
W.  to  go  about  smelling  and  prying;  %a 
biah  mi  num*  W.  I  do  not  smell  any  thing. 
—  2.  to  grope,  ^myn-nag-la  nom-ne  Sn 
=  nag-zug-la  ndm-iin  son*  C,  v#  nag-zug. 
II.  pf.  bsnams,  fut.  bsnam,  W.  *n(!im'b^^ 
resp.  for  Un-pa,  ^dzin-pa.,  tdgs-pa,  J^dh- 
ba,  to  take,  relics  from  a  sepulchre  Glr.\ 
to  seize,  to  take  up,  the  alms -bowl  Dzl; 
to  hold,  a  stick  Mil;  to  put  on,  a  sacred 
garment;  *nam  yin-na*  W.  would  you 
please  (lo  take),  would  you  like  (to  have 
a  cup  of*  tea  etc.)? 


^S^^^^  bmdb-sems 

^x -fl*  sn6r-ba,  pf.  and  fut.  benor,  tf  em- 
^  found,  mingle,  mix,  disturb  Cs. 
^Qi-q-  sndl'ba^  pf.  and  fut.  bsnol,  1.  t9 
^  unite,  join,  put  together,  fit  together, 
e.g.  biicks  or  stones  in  building  W.;  C%. 
to  adjust;  Sch. :  to  mend  holes  in  stockings, 
to  dam;  to  cross  one's  hands,  brdn-Kar, 
resp.  fugS'kaVy  on  the  breast  Thgr.  and 
elsewh.  frq.;  Jam  sndUba  to  put  together, 
to  embrace  Cs. ;  Itd-snol^ba  to  look  at  each 
other,  ^d'Snol'ba  to  kiss  each  other,  'and 
thus  frq.  denoting  reciprocity'  Cs.  (though 
not  to  my  knowledge).  —  2.  to  wresHe, 
scuffle,  fight,  of  boys,  dogs  frq.,  alsoMt.; 
stag  sndl  -  ba  a  fighting  tiger  that  rushes 
upon  the  enemy  Ma.;  to  contend  with,  fight 
against,  subdue,  rne,  a  fire  Tar. 

fqcr  '^^  snmbs,  snron,  the  names  of  two 
^  '  ^  '  of  the  lunar  mansions,  V.  r^rytf- 
skdr. 

^qvrmS-  mrel'(y)hi  Lexx.  =pred',  a. 
^  ^  '"^  '  sloping,  oblique; /ScA.:  confusedly, 
pellmell;  Cs.  also  mediocrity. 
qxqrq*  bmdg-pa  1.  to  devise,  contrive,  to 
^  '  take  care,  to  be  conoomed  aboo^ 
to  strive  for  or  after, ..  .ies  ycig-tu  bmdgh 
pas  striving  only  after  (that  one  thing)  Tar.; 
as  sbst.  bmdg-pa  &ws  keep  (it)  well  in 
your  mind,  pay  all  attention  (to  it)!  c.  genit, 
cf  bmdn-pa.  —  2.  Lex,  =  bzddrpa,  to  suffer, 
to  endure;  hmag-dka  intolerable,  instfppo^ 
table  Lex.  —  3.  Cs.:  to  be  fuN  of  cormirt 
matter. 

^JK'^  brndn-ba  v.  mdn-ba. 

qz^q-  brndn-pa  1.  Cs.  to  attend,  to  losk 
'  *  on  attentively,  Jbri-kUg  brndn-pa 
to  attend  while  a  person  is  reading  or  writ- 
ing. —  2.  Sch. :  io  be  desirous  of,  to  hwig 
for,  cdS'la  for  religious  instruction,  Ud-la 
for  food'.  With  the  first  signification  agrees 
a  quotation  in  Zam. :  ndn-tan-bman,  with 
the  second  the  word  ^zd-nan-ban*  W.,  •=* 
zd-bmab'tan. 

qxq-^^^  bmdb-sems  Gj.:  covetousnesi, 

'  selfishness;   Thgy.:  bddg-gUa 

bmdb'Sems  predilection  for  one's  own  things, 

yioH-gyi'la  bi^ndb^sems  desire. for  things 


i 


«ij[«r 


bmunba 


belonging  to  others;  W,:  *zd  ^  nab  -  ban* 
greedy,  ravenous;  ^nor-nab-bari!^  greedy  of 
gain  or  money,  covetous. 

qarjjr  fl^^'fl'  &^^w-6a,  bmur-ba  Lexx.; 
4  '  4  6i.  to  draw  to,  to  attract, 
{Sch  also:  ^to  remove  a  thing  from  its 
place?'),  prob.  another  form  for  snur-ba. 
^|ppr^  bmdgs-pa  to  hide,  conceal,  Lexx. 

i^^C'^'  bsndn-ba  v.  mdn-ba. 

TO^'^  bmddrpa  v.  sndd-pa. 

q§fcrcr  bmdn-pa  v.  sndn-pa. 


f  321 

^^ISfi^'  bsndmrpa  v.  mdm-pa. 

q^x^B'  bsndr-ba  1.  to  extend  in  lengtli,  to 
^  lengthen,  to  pull  out,  e.g.  a  piece  of 
India  rubber  W.  —  2.  to  draw  or  drag 
after,  to  trail,  Tn^iig^ma  Lex.  the  train  of 
a  robe,  the  tail  etc. ;  fig.  to  have  in  its  train,  to 
be  attended  with,  nyon-mom-b^ndr  the  con- 
sequences  of  sin  Sch. 

^fJO^'q*  bsndl'ba  to  spin  out,  to  protract  Cs. 
q^(3rcr  bsnim^a  v,  munrpa. 


^ 


q  pa  1 .  the  letter  p,  (tennis),  the  French 

p.  —  2.  num.  figure:  13. 
pj*  pa^  an  affix ^  or  so-called  article^  the 

same  as  ba  (q.v.)  which^  when  attached 
to  the  roots  of  verbs,  gives  them  the  sig- 
nification of  nouns,  or,  in  other  words  is 
the  sign  of  the  infinitive  and  the  participle; 
in  the  language  of  comfmon  life,  however, 
it  is  frq.  used  for  the  finite  tense,  and  for 
far;  affixed  to  the  names  of  things,  it  de- 
notes the  person  that  deab  with  the  thing 
{rtd-pa  horseman,  H-pa  water-carrier); 
combined  with  names  of  places,  it  desig- 
nates the  inhabitant  (bdd-pa  inhabitant  of 
Tibet);  with  numerals,  it  either  forms  the 
ordinal  number  (jnyis-pck  the  second),  or 
it  implies  a  counting,  measuring,  contain- 
ing (6t^•7no  h-ynyis-pa  a  girl  counting  two 
years,  i.e.  a  girl  of  two  years;  Krur^dn- 
pa  measuring  one  cubit;  sum-bu^a  con- 
taining thirty  viz.  letters,  like  the  Tibetan 
alphabet);  frq.  it  has  no  particular  signi- 
fication (rked-pa  etc.  etc.),  or  it  serves  to 
distingaish  different  meanings  (r^anmarrow, 
rkdn^  foot)  or  dialects  (M-ba  -B.,  *lla* 


W,  snow);  pa  dan  with  a  verb^  v.  dan  4; 
in  certain  expressions  it  stands,  it  would 
seem,  incorr.  inst.  of  pat:  ysd-ba  rig -pa 
science  of  medicine,  gritb^a  lus  structure 
of  the  body,  ddmrpa  Hos  holy  doctrine  (of 
Buddha). 

zvzr  pd'ta  W.  cross,  St.  Andrew's  cross 
^   (thus  X). 

^7^'  pO-^Z   V.  pOr-UL 

i^fy  pd-to  a  medicinal  herb   Wdn. 

CTS*,  more  corr.  ^5*5  P^-tra  (also  pa-ta 

Pth.)  Ssky  cup,  basin,  bowl  (esp.  for  sacri- 
fices); beggar's  hoy^l  ^  Uiun-bzed. 
Cr;B'  P<^^^  Ssk,  =  tan-ka  Tar,  112,  6;  in 
'  Bhotan  1  rupee  Schr,;  in  W.  (also 
^p^'i^a*)  a  copper-coin  =  Paisa,  esp.  of 
foreign  coinage. 

^'pa-^i  Hind.  in^,  water  Lt 

zrhsr  pa-ben  9i  strip  of  wood,  ledge,  bor- 

^  der(?)  W. 
orrnD^JCJ^  pa(-w?a)-«<iw«  1.  the  planet 

^^^  Venus.-  2.  Friday. 

21 


322/'"^--  d 

^IWf ^  pa-yag-fa 

ZVljsavzv  pa-yctg-pa  a  medicinal  herb  « 
'     mnug-^un  Med, 

Cn^'  pcmyu  salt  BaL 

q^-B^  pa-yo-td-yo,  *»rog  dan  pa-yo- 
'         fd-yo  fan-te  son*  Ld.  for  srog 
dan  bsdos,  v.  sdo-ba. 

CJ'^'P'pd-ro-Afa  W.  cross  (a  straight  one  +). 

q'xr*  pa-ro^  (spelling  doubtful,  at  any 
rate  not  pa^ran)  n.  of  a  mountain 
pass,  19  000  feet  high,  between  Ladak  and 
Spiti. 

CT^'  pd-^  W.y  pd-ru  C,  B,  1.  boXy  cylin- 
drical or  oval,  high  or  flat,  of  wood 
.or  metal.  —  2.  pd-ruy  also  pd-tra  Sch.  — 
3.  V.  bdrTu. 


Cr^'  P^'^  ^**  **  teacher';  Lex.:  n.  of  a 
'   Tibetan  priest  that  went  to  China. 

CT^IC^  pa-sam  v.  pa-wa-^ans, 

qryr^    Z^^  pag'^  pdg-bu  BaL,  pdg-gu  Dzl., 
' '         '  ^  pau  W,y  pag  Glr.,  pau  Wdn. : 
brick;  pdg-gu  bySd-pa  Ikl.\  pibs-pag  roof- 
tile  Cs,\  wd-pag  gutter-tile  Ca,;  rdzd-pag, 
sO'pag  Glr,  burnt-brick  Ci.;  ad -pag  Glr. 
unburnt-brick  Cs.;  pag^-bu^-mlian  mason 
Ca,;  pag-rtsig  brick-wall  Ca.;  ^pag-Hsir  W. 
a  row  or  layer  of  bricks;  frq.  used  as  a 
measure  «=  asmallspan,*fapagr-f8iirnyMyorf* 
the  snow  is  as  deep  as  two  layers  of  bricks. 
—  Not  quite  plain  is  the  etymology  of 
^og-pag^  Lex.:  aka-rdga-kyi  rgyan^  Sch.: 
*a  girdle  ornamented  with   glass- beads'; 
and  oi  pag-pdr  Sch.  cup  or  vessel   with 
a  lid.  OL^aa.-C  frvtUii  Witrwit^^k^K^Mir 
qzTOf q-  pdga-pa,  Mil.  also  -po  (cf.  Ipaga) 
^         1.  skin,  hide;  hi-ba  to  skin,  ace. 
to  Schr.  also  merely  to  fret  the  skin;  pdga- 
pai  goa  skin  or  fur  -  clothing  S.  g.  —  2. 
foreskin,  when  the  connection  of  words  does 
not  admit  of  a  misconception,  Mng.  —  3. 
skin  or  peel  of  fruit,  the  bark  of  trees,  also 
paga-hun,  and  huip-paga ;  *pag-tdg*  C.  bark- 
cord,  match-cord;  pdga-hi  anasarca,  skin- 
dropsy;  pdga  "  he '  zuga  affected  with  this 
disease. 

^C  pan,  SfCi'  pan,  resp.  aku-pdriy  1.  the 


^^'  padma 

bend  or  hollow  formed  by  the  belly  and 
the  thighs  in  sitting,  lap,  B.,  C,  W. ;  pan* 
du  aon  he  sat  down  on  the  lap  of .  . .  Glr.; 
pan-Keba  apron ;  pan-^Krag  the  blood  flowing 
off  during  child-birth;  ^pan-H^  W.  uri- 
nary bladder;  *pan-rt  (for  drif)  sun*  C. 
she  has  the  bloody  flux ;  pdn-yyog-ma  Ca. 
midwife  (a  kinswoman  generally  has  to 
officiate  as  such;  a  hired  one  receiyes  a 
new  dress  for  her  services).  —  2.  the  bend 
or  hollow  formed  by  the  arm  and  the  chest 
in  carrying  something;  bosom,  usually  pan- 
pa;  Hn-pan-pa  gan  an  armful  of  wood; 
pdn-par  Jiyh'-ba  to  carry  (a  child)  on 
the  arm  Dzl.  and  elsewh.;  addn-po  pdn- 
paa  ma  ^Myiga-pa  taam  Hg  a  tree  not  to 
be  encompassed  by  a  man's  arms  Pth.; 
*pan-g6d^  pan-kdd^  W.  an  armf  uL 
jFjrTji*  pdn-kay  pdn-Ua  1.  W.  an  implement 
'  for  stirring  the  fire;  for  scraping  «= 
rbad.  —  2.  Ta.  =  pan. 
jpjA-  n^^  pahtaa^  pan-taa^  seems  to  be 
^'  '  the  n.  of  a  tree  A,  C;  Sak. 
only:  five. 

nC'CT  pdd'pa  C.  =  arin^bu  pdd-moy  v. 
'       pddrma. 

^  '  '  pronounced  ^pe-ma*  1.  water- 
lily,  lotos,  Nymphaea,  if  not  nearer  defined, 
the  blue  species,  whilst  the  less  frq.  form 
pdd-mo  (ace.  to  Glr.  fol.  62)  seems  to 
denote  the  white  kind  of  this  flower.  — 
2.  (not  in  Sak.,  at  least  ace.  to  Wis.  and 
WMiaTna^  though  Kopp.  11,  61  seems  to 
dissent):  genitals,  of  either  sex,  Med.  — 
*  3.  srin-bu  pddrma  leoch.  —  pad-kdr.,  padr 
akdr  1.  a  particular  way  of  folding  the  fin- 
gers during  prayer  Ca.>  and  Sch. ;  a  certain 
gesture  with  the  hand.  2.  a  kind  of  toupst 
of  the  women,  also  pad-ld  C,  W.  — pad 
(-ma)  dkdr{'do)  1.  white  lotos.  2.  title  of 
a  celebrated  Sutra,  translated  by  Bumoaf, 
Waa.  (151).  —  pad-dkdr  ialAan  an  astro- 
nomical work  by  Piigpapa,  v.  Ca.  time- 
table. —  pad-ma-ban  full  of  lotos;  more 
particularly  lotos -lake,  with  and  without 
mfao  Glr.  —  pad'(ma  dan  nyi'fna  det^) 
zldi  ydan  Glr.  and  elsewh.,  carpet  with 


N 


&r<iL 


^• 


328 


ptr 


representations  oflotos,  son  and  moon.  — 
pad-mor^cMd  lotos-bearer,  name  of  Awa- 
lokiteswara^  Kapp,  II,  23.  —  Padr-morjbyuh 
ynca^  Sskr.  P.  Sambhava,  also:  U-rgyan- 
pdd-ma^  one  of  the  most  famous  divines 
and  holy  magicians,  in  the  8th  century, 
from  Urgy^n  (Ssk.  Udayana)  i.e.  Kabul, 
who  ace.  to  his  own  declaration  (v.  the 
fantastic  legend  concerning  him,  entitled: 
pad-ma  fan-yig)  was  greater  than  Buddha 
himself^  t.  Kopp.  II,  68.  —  pad^ma-ra-ga 
Ssk.  ruby.  —  pdd-rUa  a  medicinal  herb 
Wdn  (-^pe-ts^l). 

n%^'  pai^i-ta  Ssk.^  Pandit,  Indian  scholar 
5^  ^  or  linguist;  pan -'Sen  great  Pandit; 
pat^-iS^  rin-po-^iy  bog-do  (Mongolian)  rin- 
ien^  title  of  the  second  Buddhist  pope,  re- 
siding at  Tashilunpo,  Kopp,  II,  121.  —  pan- 
ia  Pandit-cap. 
CJdrS^  P^^^-P^  (^ko  panrpunf)  not  con- 


^^5*  P^^'^  Leaa,y  Sch.  =  pa-tra. 

nxr^^f^  par-fsa-sd-ti  W,  a  kinii  of  cotton 

"  cloth. 
qoj'OiTrar  pol-la-tu-la  Hind,  scales  of  a 

lj\  balance  Sik, 
ZX^  P^  ^'  ^^®  instr.  of  pa;  combined  with 
verbs,  it  signifies  by,  In  consequence 
of,  because;  also  as,  since,  when.  —  2.  = 
laSy  as  sign  of  the  comparative;  after 
vowels,  however  and  the  fiinal  consonants 
d,  r,  1,  baa  stands  in  its  place;  rtd-bas  Kj/i 
lun  -  ba  gin  the  dog  is  smaller  than  the 
horse ;  Uyddrpas^  stag-pas^  Hd-porhas^  sndr- 
baSy  or  and -ma -bus  ?<g,  bigger  than  you, 
than  a  tiger,  than  a  rider,  than  formerly; 
it  rarely  stands  for  the  partitive:  bu  Iha- 
brgyd'bas  ybig^  or  for  las  with  the  signi- 
fication: except.  Mil, 

H*  pi  num.  fig.:  43. 


sidered  perfect  in  dignity,  as  for 

instance  the  Lamas  in  LA.,  that  are  mar-  ^SfVC  P^'^^9  (Turk.  ^\^)  large  butcher's 
ried;  yet  cf.  ban^b&n.    uxx\  a^  ftciM.  oLtuK .  knife. 

ax^  P^^  ^-  form,  mould,  blugs-par  casting-  ^Jj*  pi-pi  1.  Sch/r.^  Sch.  fife,  flute.  —  2. 

mould;  rdeu-par  bullet-mould;  blugs"  W.  nipple,  teat;  *pz-jM  nvd  tdh-be^ 

paVy  as  well  as  sin- par ^  printing  form,  a  to  suckle.  —  3.  icicle  W. 


stereotype  plate  cut  in  wood;  par  rkd-ba 
to  cut  types;  rgydb^a,  par-du  ^diba-pa^ 
to  print,  to  stamp;  par^-yig)  Jbri-ba  to 
write  the  exemplar  or  manuscript  for  print- 
ing. —  pdr-rko-paj  pdr-rko-mKan^  cutter 
of  types.  —  pdr-Jcan  printing-office.  — 
par-rffydb  print,  ^par-rgydb  fsogs-se*  W. 
like  a  print  or  impression.  —  par-sndg 
printing-ink.  — pdr-pa  printer  Cs. — pdr- 
dpon  fore-man  of  a  printing-office.  —  pdi*- 
ma  a  printed  work,  book;  *di  pdr-ma  yan 
yod*  this  is  also  to  be  had  printed.  —  par- 
yydg  a  printer's  man,  assistant.  —  par-hdg 
printing-paper.  —  par-yH^par. 

II.  V.  pdr  -  ma.  —  III.  termin.  of  pa^ 
also  sign  of  the  adverb;  combined  with 
verbs,  it  represents  the  supine,  or  adver- 
bial sentences,  commencing  with  whilst,  80 
that;  mi  byid-par  without  doing. 
^^Z:^  par-tan  Lex.^  a  hairy  carpet  Sch. 
as^mr  por-pa-ta  n.  of  an  officinal  plant 


% 


^  ^  Med. 


Ej-(^)fifc'^'("P*>^*'*'  ^-  f^^xpit.  Piper 
longum,  a  spice,  similar  to  black 
pepper,  yet  more  oblong. 

H*N    pi-po  V.  pi-H. 

g)*5|^  pi-t»e  skin,  or  leather  bag  for  water  etc. 

Lh. 
tjf^  P^'^^1  *^^  Tna-fsi^  inteijections  of 

anger,  Foiicaux  Gyatch.  ^>S>C,  transl. 
292. 

gjw[-.  pi' wan  or  pi-bdn,  Zam.  «=  ^t^> 
^  guitar,  also  da-nym-pi-wan  C,  pi- 
wan  rdl-mo  Glr.  =Ud'pon  W.;  pi-waii 
rgyud  ysum  a  three -stringed  guitar  Stg.\ 
rgyud'Tndn  a  guitar  with  many  strings 
6s.;  sgrdg-pa  to  play  (the  guitar);  pi^wah- 
mUan^  or  pi-wan-pa  a  player  on  the  guitar. 
2j«^  pi-'H  (perh.  from  the  Persian)  cat, 
'    W, ;  pi-po  male  cat,  pi-mo  female  cat. 

iprsf  pig-mo  v.  pus-mo.  *. 

^;^  pir  brush,  pencil ;  lyug-pir  large  brush, 
for  house -paintinj?;  bbdd^pir  small 


^^ML  ^. 


824 


2}^'^  pir-ba 


po 


brash  or  pencil  for  artistic  painting,  Chi- 
nese writing;  ptr-fogs^-pa)  painter  Cs.  — 
ptr-don  receptacle  or  case  for  brushes.  — 
pir-spu  pencil-hair.  —  ^pir-nyu^  W.  = 
bdad'pir;  also  for  lead-pencil.  —  pir-Hn 
pencil-stick. 

^^-.  pir-ba  (spelling?)  to  crush,  to  grind 
(to  powder)  «  mnyidrpa  Ld, 

^0^'^  pil-ue  Ld.  sieve. 


^P^'  piig-taQ)  shelf,  partition  in  a  box. 
CpTj'SI'  piig-ma  Pur.  collar-bone. 

qc^'cr  p«i^-p«>i^»-p«  C.y  W,  an  um-siiaped 

v»  vessel  of  clay  or  wood,  for  water, 

beer  etc.  (seems  not  to  be  the  same  with 

bimy-pa), 

a<9rcr  P^^'P^  ^'•>  ^ pun- be*  =  lud^de  to 


ij^Sf  pis-mo  V.  pus-mo. 

h^oy  pi^oiy  ace.  to  Cs.  Ssk.^  yet 
^       be  foond  in  Lsxa.y  the  wild  f 


run  over. 
CIjB'^'TT  puf^arika  Ssk,  white  iotos. 

not  to     i^x:  i^^  ^'*-  !•  stoel-yard.  —  2.  pur-gyis 
fig-tree,     n«      v.  ^pwr-ba.  —  3.  v.  spur, 
Hindi:  piped. 

^'  pu  num.  figure  for  73. 

X9  i:\^^pu4kara  Sst  blue  lotos. 

q^  P^'^  milfoil,  (millefolium),  yarrow;      viH] 

"^       ^^*  q^'  pustaka  Ssk.  book. 


il^QT  ptd  V.  pitr-lu. 


NO  '    Lh, 

ZV^r  pu'tri  (fiW.  mfV,  daughter),  a  com- 
Ns*^   mon  female  name  (perh.  bu-Hrid,) 
q-ft»  pu-sti,  Glr.  ^p6-ti^  book  (perh.  form- 
N9  ^    ed  out  of  pustak). 

^'^rp*  Purna-Ka  town  in  Bhotan. 

^'§'  pur-byi  V.  spu-byi. 

CJ'^  P^^y  pi^'Se,  a  little  rat-like  animal, 
N9  V.  bra  and  dum;  pu-tse-^el  prob.  = 
pU'heUtse, 


q^^  pus-mo^  W.  *pis-mOy  pig-mo* ^  knee; 
NO  pis-mo  sa-la  ^dzug-pa  to  kneel; 

*pig-mo  tsug-de,  pi-tsug  gydb-b^  W.  id.; 
*pig-mo  tsug-fe  dad-be*  to  sit  in  kneeling 
(which  is  considered  indecorous);  cf.  tsog. 

^'  pe  num.  figure:  103. 

Hj'fCyn^'  P^-(d)kdr^  iJso  be-kdr,  pe-hd-ra. 
^  '      bi-hdr  Lt.y  Glr.^  Mil.^  a  much 
worshipped  deity,  v.  kye-pdh^  and  Schl.  157. 


^^  PU.M  husks  of  bariey  W.;  a.  bran.      Hj^^-  ^^^.^  „.  „f  ^  p^pl^  ^,^ 


^---j-  jFV*-rdw«  ilfiZ.,  a  district  in  Mna- 


ns. 


H  <^  pe-ne^  p^-na  v.  pa-na. 


ryf^*  pu-ri  tube,   any  thing  tubular  and  ^ 

^       hollow,  box  of  tin  or  wood,  pen-  ^^^  ^^'^^^  C^^'*'  J^>  9Wfl,  SCion; 

case  etc.;  also  =dow-po  the  Tibetan  shuttle;  *pe-bdn  tsug-be*  W.  to  graft. 

•pu.W  Tn^fd-Afan*  W.  fuU,  solid,  not  hoUow,  ^^^..^dm  little,  small,  a  little  Sch. 
cf.  pd-n. 

q*j^w  pu-liH-ga  Cs.:  Ssk.  masculine  in  Europe. 
\9         '    gender. 


gender 
ptt-lu  hut,  built  of  stones,  like  those 


^•^  pS-ra  a  flat  basket 


SyOT  P^"*'^  "ui,  Duiii;  01  siiones,  iiKe  inose 

ND^    of  the  alpine  herdsmen  W.,  (Ts.  rdzi-  ^'^  P^-^^  ?«««,  ^^^-j  copper  coin,  not 

skyar);  /cyi-pul  dog-kennel.  quite  a  half-penny 

q- n*  pti-hi  fence.  Lex.  =  rnda-ydb  and  Idn-  H)<3r^  P^ 


N9N9' 


kan. 


tse  a  kind  of  wood  of  which 
vessels  are  made  Cs.  (=  pdn-tsaf) 


Ci':^'^'pu.iel.tse  a  medicinal  herb  Med.     2f  ^  ^-  'T  ""^  ^T;  '^  ^^  T""*' 
-PwX?^.  (B.v^9  0;<  xa  ;,^<^^:7^  ./^.:^.^        »«  -P"'  '*  P»rt"'"l''riy  designates  con- 


Vi-v<|^i'A.QA4g-<J-^  ■%"^-^''    i' OAl 


?  /..' 


ut£W^ 


^(Vi' pt^ta-la 


825 


5«ia:(^)  dpd(-ba) 


Crete  nouns  and  the  mascoline  gender,  frq., 
in  contradistinction  to  abstract  nouns  with 
•fa  or  -Ja,  and  to  feminines  with  -mo; 
connected  with  a  numeral,  it  supplies  the 
definite  article:  Ind-po  the  five  (jugt  men- 
ticmed);  ynyh-po  the  two,  both^  =  ynyis-ka. 
—  2.  num.  figure:  133. 
gfroi'  pd^ta-la  (Ssk.  ij^  ship,  if  to  re- 
ceive, hence:  harbour,  port;  Tib. 
grU'dMfi)  1.  ancient  n.  of  Tatta,  a  town 
not  far  from  the  mouth  of  the  Indus.  — 
2.  n.  of  a  three -peaked  hill  near  Lhasa, 
with  the  palace  of  the  old  kings  of  Tibet, 
now  the  seat  of  the  Dalai  Lama.  (The 
spelling  'Buddha  -  W  arises  from  an  er- 
roneous etymological  hypothesis,  and  the 
fact  of  its  being  found  even  in  Hue's  writ- 
ings  may  be  attributed  merely  to  a  thought- 
less  adherence  to  what  had  become  a  cas- 
tora;  V.  Kopp.  II,  340.) 
2f?^  pd-ii  (ace.  to  one  Lea,  a  corruption 
of  pusta-ka^  for  which  also  the  form 
pu^^td  seems  to  speak)  =  glegs-bam,  book 
(of  loose  leaves). 

N*^'  po-t&m  Sik.  large  wasp. 
^f  po^td  a  bullock. 

^r\  -P^%  V.  mfo-po'tog, 

Sfof  po-ld  the  well-known  Turkish  mess 
of  pilaw,  Hind,  pulao,  rice  boiled  with 
fowl;  in  Ld.  however  sweet  rice,  prepared 
with  butter,  sugar,  and  'pating';  fig.  bsdm- 
hhi  pd-la  byid-pa  to  concoct  and  deal  in 
plans  and  plots. 

2faf/(gr)'.^(r  pO'lo(n)-^dn  n.  of  the  moun- 
'^  tains  bordering  on  China  Ld.- 
Crlr  ScfU.  21,  a  (where  in  the  translation 
the  word  has  not  been  recognized  as  being 
a  proper  name). 

^^'  pog-pdr  censer,  perfuming-pan. 
^P]^ry  pdgs'ta  V.  pugs-ta. 
N^'  pod,  pon^  pdn-to  v.  ;?W,  jtJow,  pdn-to. 
^  pob  C.  castrated  ram. 


'^pol  Ts.  =  tsd'bai  nod. 

^  pra  small  turkoises,  1  or  2'"  in  size, 
*^  strung  together  foj*  finger-rings,  v.  fsom. 
g\^)  P^<^(r^  ^«-  1.  lot;  pra  ^debs-pa 
^  to  cast  lot.  —  2.  sign,  token,  prog- 
nostic; ScL:  pra  ^bebs-pa  *ein  Zeichen  ge- 
ben,  ein  Bild  darstellen'. 
q-^jO^' Jt)m-&7,  spra-Ml  Lex.  w.e.  Sch. 
'^  jest,  joke,  fun,  nonsensical  talk ;  byed- 

pa  to  make  sport,  to  play  the  buffoon; 
sldn-ba  to  cause  merriment;  pra-Ml-pa^ 
or  -mUan  Wag,  buffoon. 
q*Sj*  pra 'li Sch.:  hill-mouse  (marmot?), 
^  hare  (?);  cf.  6ra'-Ja. 
gCa3fi;f  P^CLn-^6%  an  alpine  herb,  said 
to  be  very  wholesome  to  sheep 
(so  for  instance  in  Purig);  ace.  to  recent 
investigations,  of  little  value.  Ace.  to  Cz. 
=  a-kron^  but  this  is  denied  by  the  people 
of  Lahoul. 

^V^*^V  P^  '  y<^^  '  ff^  Ssk.^  n.  of  several 
N3   kinds  of  Indian  aromatic  plants 
Med.  ^ 

3crr,    S'S&I'  P'^^y  ze-pr6g  Lex.,  the  crest 
^   '   of  a  cock  Cs. ;  prdg-hi,  brdg- 
hi,  spr6g-zu  =  hod-pdn.  Wq-^5;^3^q=:Gv«iluv^L^^ 
^^^•(q-)  dpd('ba)  (^  \f\X)y  also>a.6a      Q 

1.  bravery,  strength,  courage;  brave, 
strong,  courageous;  dpa  bsgon-ba  Lex.,  Hdn- 
ba  Thgy.^g&h'ba,  bkdn-ba  Lex.,  to  despond ; 
to  dishearten  (?);  Un-tu  dpd-hih  he  becom- 
ing very  brave  Dzl. ;  dpd4a  stobs  kyan  gyad 
dan  bnydm^^te  being  brave,  and  in  strength 
equal  to  an  athlete  Dzl  —  2.  beauty;  beauti- 
ful. —  3.  W.  taste,  agreeable  taste,  flavour. 
Comp.  dpd'tan  1.  brave.  2.  beautiful. 
3.  W.  savoury.  —  dpa-medrUan  W.  taste- 
less ,  V.  also  Iddd  -  pa.  —  dpa  -  ?^  very 
brave;  a  great  hero.  —  dpa-ddr  =  mgul" 
ddr,  a  piece  of  silk,  tied  round  the  neck, 
as  an  honourable  distinction  for  some  brave 
deed.  —  dpa-lddn  =  dpd-dan  1  and  2.  — 
dpd'bo,  fin^,  1.  strong  man,  hero.  2.  demi- 
god. —  dpa-bo'dkdr  a  medicinal  herb 
Med.  — dpd-mo  1.  heroine  (more  frq.  than 
the  masc.  dpd-bo).  2.  —  mka-gro-ma,  Da- 
kini  Mil,  Thgr.,  Glr.  —  dpa-fsU  Mil  = 
dpd'ba  1.  sbst,  nif. 


826 


^^^(3^^'  dpag-fidd 


^p-q-  d^A-pa 


rqqfrjgr-  dpag-fsdd  mile,  ace.  to  Ck.  = 
'  '  '  4000  fathoms,  hence  a  geogra- 
phical mile ;  yet  there  are  mentioned  dpag- 
iin  and  dpag-Mriy  the  latter  =  500  fathoms. 
The  word  seems  altogether  to  belong  more 
to  the  phantastic  mythical  literature,  than 
to  common  life;  so  at  least  in  W, 

^i^^r^'  dpdg-pa  v.  dpdg-pa, 

r?T  dpag-yy^ns  the  bustle  or  tu- 
mult of  a  festival  Ld. 

Kf^^^^^P^  dpag-hsam-Uh  n.  of  a  fa- 

»      '  '      bulous   tree,  that  grants 

every  wish ;  ace.  to  Pth.  =  tsdn-dan-sbrul" 

gyi  snyin-po.  (^x  ^^^    -    .  w.     v  •:      '.^      t     ^ 

dpdn(-po)  witness,  both  the  de- 


^q^^l 


^^C\2f) 


ponent,  and  the  evidence  de- 
posed. Fully  authenticated  are  as  yet  only : 
Iha  dpdh-du  ^dzug-pa  to  call  a  deity  for 
a  witness  in  taking  an  oath,  to  appeal  to 
Glr,\  also:  dpan  byid-pa  to  bear  witness, 
to  attest,  V.  mna.  More  conjectural  are 
the  meanings  of:  blo-sems  dpdn-du  jdg-pa 
Glr,y  or  ran-sems  dpdn-du  ^dzug-pa  AJU,, 
to  be  sincere,  to  be  conscious  of  speaking 
the  truth;  dpdn-du  ^gt/ur-ba  to  be  witness 
of,  to  see,  to  know  (cf.  spydn-du  .^gyur^ 
ba) ;  bden-dpah  IM.  as  explanation  of  ce- 
iii,  witness  or  proof  for  the  truth  of  a 
thing;  ^pdn-po  Idg-pa  zer-ces*  W,  to  give 
false  evidence  {Schr,  rdzun-dpan), — mv- 
dpdn  (Ld,  *mir  -  pa»*)  W,^  6'.,  is  used  as 
syn.  to  dpdn-po  (also  Schr)^  1.  witness. 
2.  defender,  advocate;  mi^pan  (or  dpan- 
po)  byidr-pa  c.  genit.  or  dat.,  to  defend  in 
a  court  of  justice;  (dpdn-pos  dpdn-ba  ScL 
seems  to  be  unknown  and  doubtful). 
rq^iW*  dpans  height;  dpdAs-su  in  height 
'  Samb,;  dpans-mfd  Lex,  high,  cf. 

^pam,  —  dpam-t&dd  great  heat  Sclvr,  (?). 

^I\S^^  dpdr-ba  v.  dpdr-ba, 

^qo^'  dpalSsk,  TS[\  1.  glory,  splendour,  mag- 
^  nificence,  abundance;  dpal  reg-pa- 
Tnid-pa  unattainable  glory  Glr,;  ydn-tan 
du  -  mat  dpal  splendour  of  numerous  ac- 
complishments; sky^d  "  pat  dpdl  ^  la  Ions- 
spydd'pa  enjoying  the  utmost  happiness 


Glr.;  firq.  as  an  epithet,  dr  part  of  the 
names  of  deities,  e.g.  dpal-chi  hS-ru-koy 
and  esp.  dpal(;'ldan)lhd'^mo  ^  dpat-^hi-mo^ 
Durga  Uma,  Kali,  the  much  adored  spouse 
of  Siva;  ^dod^gui  dpal  the  fulness  of  all 
that  can  be  desired  Glr,;  dpdUgyi  d^m-iuy 
^i^fj,  i.  sandal-wood.  2.  Cs,  a  kind  of 
syrup,  prepared  of  bsi^Hh^  used  as  a 
purgative.  —  2.  wealth,  abundance,  Gbr.  and 
elsewL  —  3.  welfare,  happiness,  blessing, 
^^<Wai  of  creatures  MU,  and  elsewh.;  kun- 
gyi  dpdlndu  ^gyur-ba  or  Mr-ba  to  be  (be- 
come) the  salvation,  the  saviour  of  all  beings 
Glr,  and  elsewh. ;  dpal  dcyidr-pa^  yzdn^yi, 
rdn-gi  dpal  to  work  for  the  elevation  of 
others  or  for  one's  own.  —  4.  nobility,  dpal- 
gyi  yndn-ba  privilege  of  nobility;  dpdlrgyi 
ynah'hdg  diploma  of  nobility,  dpdl-gyt 
ynan-^dg-pa  one  having  a  diploma  of  no- 
bility Cs.  —  dpal-Hydd  Dzl.  ^  dpal  i.  — 
dpaUrtug  majesty,  full  glory  Sch,  —  dpal- 
Man  a  man's  name  (very  common).  —  dpal- 
p6  an  illustrious  man,  dpdlrmo  an  illusUious 
woman  Cs,  —  dpaK^- gyi)  ^  b4u  is  said  to 
denote  the  figure  ^  Glr.  —  dpal-byHi 
glow-worm  Sch,  —  dpal-by&r  1.  glory, 
wealth,  magnificence,  as  a  man's  possession. 
2.  W,  strawberry;  3.  a  man's  name  (very 
common). 
Kqc^  4^^  1  '•^  9"^**  number,  Jbam  fa/m- 

\o  cdd'kyi  Dzl]  esp.  of  soldiers.  — 2. 
troops,  army,  dpun  bU  the  four  species  of 
troops:  rtaiy  gldn-po-cei^  sin-rtai^  and  rkan- 
fdit-gi  dpun  (or  dpun('buyhin) ;  dpun'(jgi) 
fsdgs^  dmag'dpufL,  army  frq.;  dgra-dpun 
hostilearmy. — 3.  (auxiliaries?),  help,  assist- 
ance, *puh'la  tdn-h^  W.  to  send  assistance. 
—  dpun-grogs^  -rogs^  helper.  —  dpun-^igi) 
ynyen  friend,  protector,  defender,  assistant, 
frq.  —  *pun'ndn^  W.  reinforcement 
rqr'q'  dpiin-^a  1.  shoulder,  dpdii-pa  Uaf 

Nd  on  the  shoulder  Glr.;  dpun-^a  dan 

dpyi  ynyu  both  the  shoulders  and  hips  S.y.; 
upper  arm,  dpun-^ar-^^kdn  upper  arm-bone; 
dpun  jiim-pa  Sch.  to  contract  the  arm  CO? 
dpun- pa 'lag  upper  and  lower  arm  Cs.; 
dpun-pa-rgydn  an  ornament  for  the  arm 
€$*  —  2.  sleeve,  goa  dpi^n-pa-ban  a  garment 


^^'  d/pe 

with  sleeves  Ci. ;  dpun-pa-bddd  the  part  of 
a  woman's  dress  covering  the  chest  Zam, ; 
8ch.:  dpun-bcad-rds, 

r£j-  dpe,  Ld,  *spe^y  1.  pattern,  model,  di- 
^  la  dpe  Glr.y  or  de  dper  byds-nas  Zam.^ 
taking  this  for  a  pattern;  rgyd-yul-nas 
Hxis-kyi  dpe  blam  it  was  from  China  that 
mathematics  were  learned  Glr, ; . .  .  pai  dpe 
mi  JkLg  there  are  no  patterns  for  . . .  Glr, ; 
dpe  H  Itar  with  what  to  be  compared? 
according  to  what  analogy?  Thgy.'y  simi- 
litude, parable,  example,  mfun^ai  dpe  an 
example  that  may  be  followed,  a  good  ex- 
ample; bzUg-pai  dpe  an  example  to  the 
contrary,  a  warning  example  Thgy,\  *pe 
zdn-po^  fmd  w^-p^  pe*  as  well  as  *t/dr' 
la  and  mdr-la  idg-pe-pe^  or  mar-pe*  C. 
id.;  dpe  stdn-pa  to  teach  or  to  prove  by 
examples;  hence  the  participle,  used  sub- 
stantively, serves  as  an  epithet  of  the  Sau- 
trantikas.  Was.  (112);  dpe  bMd-pa,  dpe 
Vhdg-pa  =  dpe  si&nrpa;  dper  r)6d-^a  to  set 
ap  for  a  parable  or  comparison;  dp^-na, 
in  later  times  also  dpi  -  nij  dpe  by4d  -  rta 
MU.y  *pe  gydb-na*  TT.,  1.  (in  order)  to 
quote  an  example,  by  way  of  a  comparison, 
just  as  if,  followed  by  b^n-du  or  Itar^  very 
trq.;  2.  like  our  *for  instance',  e.g.,  before 
enumerations,  where  in  the  older  writings 
gen.  JU'Ua-ste  is  used;  dper  ^ds-pa  Cs. 
what  may  be  compared,  dper  mi  ^ds-pa  not 
to  be  compared;  occasionally  also:  worthy 
or  not  worthy  of  imitation ;  Ud-dpe^  ytdm- 
dpe  proverb,  adage  Cs.;  ^drd-dpe  allegory, 
parable  S,g,;  md-dpe  W.,  Ld.  ^md-spe*, 
Lh.  ^mdr-pe'^^  pattern,  (writing-)  copy  (cf. 
also  md'dpe  and  bu-dpe  below).  —  2. 
lymmetry,  harmony,  beauty,  (in  certain  phra- 
ses). —  3.  book,  Brims  brgyadr-kyi  dpe  the 
book  of  the  eight  commandments  DzL ;  ^a- 
dpe^  kor-Udi  dpe  abc-book,  primer;  pydg- 
^  resp.  for  dpe^  if  used  by  a  Lama  (cf. 
pyag-mkdr);  md-dpe^  bu-dpe  original  and 
copy  of  a  book  6^.;  yig-ndg  dpe  a  real 
book,  not  of  a  fig.  meaning,  as  the  book 
of  nature,  MiL;  dpe  rtsdm^pa  to  write,  to 
compose,  bku-ba  to  copy  a  book;  Jidgs-pa^ 
fiem^a  to  bind,  to  stitch  a  book. 


^  ^u^  ^\A  ^"^  '  l^^^''^  ' 


327 


Comp.  dpi-ka  little  book,  vulgo.  —  dpe- 
Mil  library;  bookseller's  shop.  —  dpe-Uri 
a  table  to  put  books  on,  book-stand.  — 
dpe-mh/udy  J^yud  Cs.  v.  mUytid-pa,  —  dpe-- 
m^d^  dpe-mjug  beginning,  end,  of  a  book. 

—  dpe-sgdm  chest  for  books,  book- case. 

—  dpi'  ?a  not  frq.  in  J5.,  but  vulgo  the 
common  word  for  book.C —  ^dpi-lSa  pi-ce^ 
tkm-he^  W.  to  open,  to  close  a  book;  v. 
btumrpa.  —  dpe-fydd  v.  dper.  —  dpe-fd 
list  of  books.  —  dpe-bydd  proportion,  sym- 
metry, beauty^  dpe-bydd  bzdn-po  brgydd- 
bu  the  eighty  physical  perfections  of  Bud- 
dha. —  dpe-bydd-can  well-proportioned.  ~ 
dpi-fson-pa  bookseller.  —  dpe-Ms  case  or 
covering  for  a  book.  —  dpe-bhus  copy  of 
a  book.  —  dper  v.  1.  —  dpe-brjdd  1.  ex- 
ample, comparison,  dpe-brydd  byid-pa  to 
compare,  to  cite  an  example  Cs. ;  dpe-btydd 
rtdg8-paGra7n.  id.(?).  2.  paradigm,  example 
Gram.  — 

S^*Sr  ^P^'^S'^^i^)^  \s)pi'ra''  W.,  speech, 
'  ^  for  ytam;  \s)pi'ra  zir-be^s),  tan- 
^^s)*,  to  speak,  to  talk;  ^i-zug  (sypi-^a  ma 
tan  do  not  say  so!  *(s)pe'ra  ziT'he{%) 
Tned'Uan  son^  he  became  speechless  (with 
terror  etc  ). 

^^^^  dpir-na  v.  sub  dpe. 

firS^i^*  dpdg-pa^  pf.  dpags^  fut.  dpag^  1.  to 
^  '  measure,  to  proportion,  to  fix,  ytdh- 
tsul  ^e-hm-la  (to  proportion)  the  dose  to 
the  size Lt ;  .  ..kyitsddrlas  after  the  measure 
of .  . .,  Lt;  nad-^tdbs-la  according  to  the 
violence  of  the  disease  Lt;  dpag  (tu)  mid 
(-pa),  less  frq.  dpag-brdly  dpag -yds,  im- 
mensely large,  very  much;  fugs  dpag-med 
infinite  grace,  mdzdd-pa  to  show  DzL  — 
2.  to  outweigh,  to  counterbalance,  hns-spydd 
famS'Cddrkgis  mi  dpdg-pa  not  to  be  counter- 
balanced by  all  the  wealth  . . .  Tar.  —  3.  to 
weigh,  to  judge,  to  prove,  rjis-m  dpdg-pa 
to  examine  Tar.]  lyes-dpdg  Zam.  mm{, 
inference,  conclusion, 
rgfi-gf'  dpdn-po  master,  lord,  over  men 
^  '  (generally);  (cf.  bddg-po  owner) 
master,  over  working-men,  overseer,  fore- 
man, leader,  grd-pai  dpon-po^  director,  = 


328 


^2j^-q-  dpor-ba 


^•Cr  dpyodrpa 


^gO'dpan;  ^dpon-po-la  ^ag  pul  dug  zu  zet\ 
fug-hv  ma  kyod,  na  ydn-hn  medf^  W.  make 
your  master  my  compliment,  and  he  should 
not  take  it  amiss  that  I  had  no  time  to 
come;  Uritm-dpon  1.  prop.:  superior  judge, 
lord  chief-justice.  2.  now :  high  officer  of 
state,  prefect,  =  mi-dpdn]  mMar-dpon  com- 
mander of  a  fortress;  Jcrv^-dpon  general 
i/a.;  ^gd-dpan  v.  go;  hrgyddpon  centurion, 
captain;  6^-<^on corporal ; ci'is-dpon master 
of  the  horse,  equerry;  rji^dpon  =  ije;  rtd- 
pa-dpon  (sic)  (cf.  pa  extr.)  general  of  ca- 
valry Glr,;  stegS'dpon(?)  v.  stegs;  ston-dpon 
leader  of  a  thousand  (seems  to  be  no  longer 
in  use);  ddd-dpon  sea-captain;  mdd-dpon 
is  said  to  be  in  C.  the  modem  word  for 
general,  and  ^d^gs^pon  the  same  as  stdh- 
dpon\  however  v.  stegs;  Idin-dpon  v.  Idin; 
spyUdpon  governor  general  Cs.;  mi-dpon 
prefect;  rtsig-dpon  master-mason;  rdzdn- 
dpan  =  mUdr-dpon;  ytd-dpon  prefect  of  a 
district  Wis,\  rw  -  c^pon  something  lik«  co- 
lonel; Mn-dpon  master-carpenter;  sldb^dpon 
teacher,  frq.,  also  title  of  the  higher  and 
more  learned  Lamas,  corresponding,  as  it 
were,  toAf.A,  master  of  arts;  ysdl-dpon 
head-cook,  butler.  —  dp&n  -  mo  fem. ,  nai 
dpon  -  mo  yin  she  is  my  mistress  Glr,  — 
d^cfn-yodstanding  under  amaster  or  mistress. 
—  dpon-m^d  free  Cs.  —  dpon-yydg  master 
and  servants,  frq.  —  Udn-jo  dpon-yydg 
(princess)  kon-jo  and  her  suite  (r/r.  —  dpon- 
tsdn  physician  Schr,  and  Sch.  —  dpon-yig 
secretary  Schr,  —  dpon-sldb  l.inst.  oidpdn- 
po  dan  sldb-ma  Ma.  and  elsewh.  2.  title 
of  the  four  independent  rulers  in  Bhotan, 
the  Tenlow'  of  English  news-papers,  ace. 
to  the  pronunciation  of  ^pgn-lob,  pQn-lo*. 
rgjx'n'  dpdr-ba^  pf.  and  fut.  dpaVy  to  dic- 

'  tate,  Cs. ;  *por'ts6m  Qhe')-pa'^  C.  id. 

^ry  dpya  tax,  duty,  tribute,  jyul-ba  to  pay, 

^    Dzl..,  J)4bs-pa  to  impose  Tar.  21,  11; 


'a  -  Krai  id.,  rgydl-poi  dpya-Urdl  Lex. ; 
likewise  dpya-fdn  Cs. 
rjFff--q-  dpydn-ba,  spydn-ba^  to  Suspend,  to 

^  make  hang  down,  prop.  vb.  a.  to  pydn- 
ba,  with  pf.  dpyans  and  spyans,  imp.  dpyans^ 
Sell.  dpyonSy  but  also  vb.  n.,  to  rook,  to 


pitch  (of  a  ship)  P^.;  dpydn-la  ytdn-ba  trs. 
"^f^y-f  *9yog-^an*y  perh.  more  corr.  *%o^- 
cdh*^  also  ^peb'bdri^  C.  sedan-chair,  palan- 
quin; dpyan-fdgy  Jnfah'fdg^  cord  or  rope, 
by  which  a  thing  is  suspended,  e.g.  a 
plummet,  a  bucket,  a  miner;  hence  fig. 
fugs-iyei  dpyan-fdg  ycddrpa  Thgr. ;  hb-mod 
dan  dpyan-tag  sbd-ba  to  hide  the  backet 
together  with  the  rope  Schr,\  a  rope-swing, 
dpyan-fdg  rtsid^a  to  swing  (one's  self); 
dpyans^  spydhs-paipan^  hanging  ornaments, 
dar-dpydns  silk  ornaments  S.g. 
snc'  dpyad  1.  v.  dpydd-pa,  —  2.  Stg.:  an 
^  ^  instrument  to  open  the  mouth  by 
force;  perh.  also  in  a  more  general  sense: 
crow-bar  (?);  dpyddrpa  v.  dpyddrpa. 

Ka^if  dpyds'po  offence,  fault,  blame  Ci.; 

^  dpyds'dan  faulty,  blamable ;  dpyca- 

m>^d  faultless,  blameless  Cs. ;  dpyas  Jlj6g%- 
pa  to  blame  Tar.;  cf.  jpyd-ia. 
rjj-  dpyi  (Cs.  also  spyi)  W.  *(«)p**>  Wp 

•^    Lt;  dpyi-mgd  Cs.,  dpyi-zur,  dpyi-ruiy 
hip-bone;  dpyi-mtg  socket  of  the  hip-bone, 
perh.  also  vulg.  =  hip. 
rSr-  dpyid  (cf.  Phonetic  Table),  spring, 
^  '   also  adv.  in  spring  Dzl. ;  cf.  also  dus 
4;  dpyid-ka,  ''pid-lca*  W.,  id.,  also  Ohr.; 
dpyid-zla  month  of  spring. 
ff^«T'  dpyisy  dpyis  pyin-pa  Sch. :  to  come 
^       to  the  last,  to  arrive  at  the  end; 
dei  rig-pa.  ^di  dpyis  pyin-pa  sus  kyan  mi 
^es  dgdns-nas  Sch/.:  as  he  reflected,  that 
no  body  would  thoroughly  understand  his 
arguments. 
-gj^.— •  dpydn-ba,  perh.  primitive  form  of 

"^  dpydn-ba. 

^^^  dpyd-ba  to  change  Sch. 

-gj^.q.  dpyod'pa^  pf.  and  fut.  dpyad,  ts 
'^  '  try,  to  examine,  nyis-pa  dan  tnor 
.  ni/^-pa  innocence  and  guilt,  right  and  wrong 
Dzl.;  dpyddrua . . .  ma  rtdgs-so  after  ever 
so  much  investigating . . .  they  found  out 
nothing  Dzl. ;  bye-brag  -  iu  dpydd  -pa  zt& 
having  now  been  separately  examined  Za$n. ; 
sordpydd,  or  ri-dpydd  yzigs-pa  to  examine 
the  country,  or  the  mountains,  i.e.  their 
general  features,  with  regard  to  omens  and 


329 


^nr^  dprdl-ba 

auspices  Glr.;  sai  dpyad  bzan-ba/r  Us-pa 
to  know  that  this  examination  will  torn 
out  favourably  (?&•. ;  *rm  bad  -  he*  (gen. 
written  ^bcad-b^^  cf.  bcdd~pa  extr.)  W.  to 
tax,  to  estimate;  gon-fdn  dpydd-kyis  (or 
-foi)  mi  ^od  Glr,  v.  &d-j9a2;  esp.  in 
medicine:  smdiP^as  . . .  dpyad  byds-te . . . 
zes  dpyad  byds-so  the  physician  having 
tried,  tried  thus,  (pronounced  the  following 
as  the  result  of  his  examination)  DzL  7^9^ 
12;  tman-dpydd  by^drpa  to  treat  medically, 
dpyad  md-la  bya  then  the  mother  (not  the 
child)  must  be  placed  under  medical  treat- 
ment Lt;  Jyrds-Jeyis  btsufirmoi  sman-dpydd 
byed-pa  to  cure  (the  illness  of)  the  queen 
with  rice  DzL ;  sman-dpydd-la  mUds-pa  to 
be  skilled  in  medical  science  2)2;/. ;  ca-bydd 
dpydd'kyi  ynas  instrumental  therapeutics 
i.e.  surgery  5.^. ;  rtog-dpydd,  brtag^pyddy 
examination;  rtog-dpydd  rdb-tu  ytdn-ba  to 
examine  very  closely  Pth, ;  rtog^pydd  ton 
examine!  MU.;  bzan-dpydd  examining  the 
worth  of  a  thing.  —  dpydd-pa-pa^  and 
spydd-pa-pa^  Ssk.  'Jf\^\^l%,  an  Indian  sect 
of  philosophers  (the  former  of  the  two 
spellings  seems  to  be  more  correct). 
MOrn*  dprdl'ba  (resp.  ydansCs,)^  ^tdU 
^  wa*^  Ld.  *hrdl'Wa*^  forehead,  dpt'dl- 

bat  mda  an  arrow  sticking  in  the  forehead 
Qlr.;  dprdl-bai  mig  bhin-du  'like  the  eye 
of  the  countenance',  to  designate  something 
highly  valued  (as  the  scriptural  ^apple  of 
the  eye');  dprdl-bai  pydgs-kyi  fad  drdn-na 
just  before  one  in  front  Wdn.;  fig.  *^/- 
iioa  ndn^a*  W.  unlucky;  a  luckless  person. 
MOfrqaj'  dprul'dprul  (or  pmUprkVf\ 
^  ^  *pul~iul'la  tdn  wa*  C,  to  hang 
one's  self. 

ramr  Ip^^s,  as  second  part  of  compounds 
^         inst  of  pdgs-pa,  e.g.  wd-lpags  fox- 


S<3rS<3r  span-spun 


skin,  stdg-lpags  ih^r-s^mi^un-lpc^gs  skin^ 

bark,  peel,  s^.d^^^M^^''Ji:' 
XT  «pa  1.  V.  dpa.  —  2.  also  sba^  cane  (seems 
^  to  be  distinguished  from  smyug-ma 
more  in  a  popular  and  practical  way,  than 
scientifically) ;  spa-skdr  hoop  of  a  cask  Schr. ; 
tpa-Udr  MU.,  spa-lbdg  MiL^  spa  -  bir  PtL, 
•7>a  -  dbyug  Lex, ,  walking-cane ;  spa  -  glin 


cane-flute  Sch,;  spa-til  lunt,  match,  v.  pa- 
til\  spa-ddn  or  -Idon  little  cask,  made  of 
bamboo,  prob.  =  gur-giir  ddn-mo;  *pa-J)dr* 
C,  W.  torch;  spa-dmyi^  or  -smyttg,  cane 
Cs.;  pa-MnSik,  strong  bamboo  sticks. 
xT-w  spd-ma  1.  juniper,  Juniperus  squa- 
"  mosa,  and  some  other  small  species; 
cf.  hug-pa.  —  2.  cypress  Sik. 
^forzy  yxiff-p^  1-  V.  spdg-pa.  —  2.  *Jidl- 
^  '  pag  pdg-be*  W.  to  smack  (in  eating). 
—  3.  C,  W.  to  dip^  e.g.  meat  into"the  gravy; 
cf.  the  following. 

«p;n«r  spagSy  resp.  skyu-rum^  1.  C.  =»  zan 
^  I  (=  *Kd-lagy  pdg-Ku*  Ld.},  pap,  esp. 
made  of  tea  and  'tsampa'.  —  2.  W.  =  *^a- 
nStg*  C),  sauce,  gravy,  for  dipping  in  (sops); 
^dam-pdg*  W.  mire,  sludge.  —  3.  food,  dish, 
mess;  W.,  C,  *pag  na  so-s^. 
«jr'  span^  I.  also  spdn-po,  1.  turf,  green- 
^  sward,  meadow,  mdim-na  spdn-po  mS- 
tog  bkra  in  front  a  flowery  meadow-ground 
Mil.  —  2.  moss,  also  }hi-span  Cs.  —  3.  bog, 
span-skdn  1 .  p.n.  ('turf-ditch'),  a  large  valley, 
with  a  lake  in  it,  on  the  frontier  of  Ladak 
and  Rudog.  2.  span-skdn  pyag-^gyd-pa  n. 
of  an  ancient  work  on  religion  Glr. ;  span- 
rgyan  a  medicinal  herb  Af^^d;  spdn-ban 
covered  with  turf;  spdn-hi  green  mud  Sch. ; 
span-l)dns  grassy  country;  span-fdn  a  plain 
covered  with  verdure;  span-spds  Wald- 
heimia  tridactylites,  a  pretty,  very  aromatic 
composite,  growing  on  the  higher  alps; 
span-bdg  piece  of  turf,  sod;  span-ma  Med., 
7n«r,  blue  vitriol;  span-rtsi S.g. (?);  span-^n 
verdigris  Sch. ;  span-ri  a  grassy  hill  MU. ; 
spah-ys6n  a  mountain-meadow  Afi^. 

IT.  board,  plank,  gen.  span-Ub  Glr.  and 
vulg.;  also  a  slab,  slate,  flag  Lh.;  span-sgo 
board  or  panel  of  a  door  Ci.;  span-Uri 
Schr.^  *pi-pdn*Ld^  *pan-ddn*  Ld.^  book- 
stand. 
SC'^  span-ba  v.  spon-ba. 

SC^  spans^  sometimes  inst.  of  dpanSk 

^r*  spad,  only  injoa-8pd(2fatherand  children; 
^  ^  cf.  the  more  frq.  ma^smdd^  Lea. 
^^W'\  ^P^^^"^?^^  brothers,  relatives  6'^. 

21* 


330 


^S}^  apabt 


r 


apwn 


5ifl^'  ^^}  maspdbs  C,  ear-wax;  Lexx. 
^         also  rnul"  (or  rdul-?)  ffyi  spabs  w.e. 

S^'  spar  for  par  1.  ScA. 

51^^rPT  spar-Ua^  spar -lea  brgyad  the  pah 
^    '      kwahy  or  eight  diagrams  of  Chinese 


science, 


etc. 


g^q- 


»par'ba  I.  sbst,  ako  spar-mo  {Ld. 


him  etc.);  fam§-ddd  spt^zin  bySd-Hn  Ptk ; 
byad  spus  Uehs-pa  with  a  face  all  hairy 
Glr,;  spui  Kiin-bu  passage  of  perspiration, 
pore  DzL;  spu  nydg-ma  tsdm-gyi  ^ydd-pai 
sems  repentance  as  much  as  one  single  little 
hairD^Z.  —  2.  feather,  byd-spu  rhih-gk 
Uyer-ba  a  down  (feather)  blown  off;  feathers, 
plumage. 

Comp.  spitr-Ka  coleur  of  horses  and  other 
hairy  animals.  —  spu-gri  1.  razor;  also 
allegorically,  as  a  tide  of  books.  2.  knife 
C.  —  spu-ban  hairy.  —  «p«-^fm(?)  ftilse 
hair  Sch.  —  spii-^a  v.  ja.  —  spurbt/i  ndg- 
poy  spu-ndgslsopA-byi^  8able(fiuTed  animal) 
Sch.  —  spfk-ma  hairy,  carded  (cloth).  — 
^pu-med  hairless.  —  spu-ytsah-ma  v.  spus. 
—  spu-hriig  short-haired  Sch, 


^war-mo^^  ace.  to  the  spelling  sbar- 
mo)  1.  the  graaping  hand,  paw,  claw,  sp-dn- 
pot  spdr-mor  spa^-dbyitg  sprad  he  puts  the 
staff  into  the  beggar's  grasp  (hand)  Lexx,; 
*wdr-mo  ffydb-te*  W.,  spdr-mos  Jbrdd^pa 
to  clutch,  to  scratch;  spdr^mos  ^dAbs-pa  Cs., 
spar  bydd-pa  Sch,,  to  seize  with  the  hand, 
die  paw,  or  the  claws;  ydon  fams-^dd spaar^ 
sdd  rgydb'pa  Pth.  to  scratch  the  whole 
face  (^combing  it  with  the  claws');  ^sbar- 

Jyid-pa^  bsddm-pa  to  open,  to  close  the 
hand  Cs,  —  2.  as  a  measure:  as  much  as 
may  be  grasped  with  the  hand,  a  handful 
(of  wood,  grass,  earth  etc.),  \s)pdr^a  gai!^ 
one  handful,  (s)pdr-ra  gan  do  two  hand- 
fuls  etc. ;  spar-  fsdd  Iha  ^  brgyd  500  hand- 
fu\sS,g.;  sa  spar -gdn  Mil.  a  handful  of 
earth. 

II.  vb.  V.  sp&r-ba, 
-j^.gjj.  spdr^ma  a  low-growing  shrub  of 
^         very  hard  wood  MiLnt, 

(s)pi'ti  SpitI,  the  valley,  situated  to 
the  west  of  Lahul,  watered  by  the 
Spiti  river,  belonging  to  the  British  Punjab, 
and  inhabited  by  a  race  of  pure  Tibetans. 

S'C^'  spiu  col,  for  spin. 

«f-  «pw,  Ssk,  Xt»nt,  1-  hair  Qpilm\  cf.  skra\ 
^  lus-kyi  of  the  body  in  general,  Lex,; 
mgd-spUy  Ud-  or  yddn-spu,  mMn^spUy  ^doms- 
spu  (or  spur-ndn  Cs,),  brdn-spUy  hair  of  the 
head,  the  beard,  arm-pits,  lower-parts,  chest; 
bd-spu  the  little  hairs  of  the  skin,  frq.; 
rtd'Spu  horse-hair;  spu  ^pyi  or  ytog  the 
hair  is  plucked  out  Lex,,  byi  falls  off  DzL, 
yzob  byed  is  singed  off  ScA.,  Idan,  Ian  DzL, 
Uh-yyo  MiLy  the  hair  bristles,  stands  on 
end;  spu  zih  byed  i?.,  brtse  Sch.,  *se'Zm* 
W,^  a  shuddering  of  fear  comes  over  (me. 


r 


S*^  spug  Lexx,  n.  of  a  precious  stone  Cs, 

spun  heap,  col.  also  for^M-po;  spuit- 
ba  pf.  and  imp.  -«pMn«,  to  heap,  ac- 
cumulate, pile  up  (coalsetc.);  rin-tin spfknS" 
pa  a  heap  of  precious  stones  Glr, 
^r-q*  spddrpa  to  decorate;  rgydh-gyis  Lex, 
^  '       (cf.  spus). 

«ff^  9pun  1.  children  of  the  same  parents, 
^  '  brothers,  sisters,  Ud-mo^ag  spunynyis 
we  (his)  two  sisters  Dzl.  ^i9^  17;  ned  spwi 
ymm  we  three  brothers  Olr. ;  Uyed  bi-mo 
spun  Ina-po  you  five  sisters  Jlfi/.;  pleon. 
bu  spun  ysum  Tar.\  spun  yzdn-mams  his 
other  (six  elder)  brothers  Tar,;  spun-y^ 
dear  brother!  CTir,  P.  —pd-spun,  brothers 
and  sisters  of  the  same  father;  md-spun 
of  the  same  mother;  spAn^zta,  (s)pufHlay 
or  "la  1.  o=  spun;  2.  in  C.  it  is  said  to  be 
used  also  for  attorney,  advocate;  9pi£m-ma 
sister,  as  a  more  particular  designation  of 
the  sex.  —  2.  in  a  wider  sense:  COUSlns, 
brothers-  or  sisters-in-law;  gtogs-spun  mate, 
comrade;  ids-spun  a  brother  of  a  religious 
order;  pd-spun,  pds-spun,  several  neigh- 
bours or  inhabitants  of  a  village,  that  hare 
a  common  Lha,  and  thus  have  become *^rtf«- 
pa  dig-cig**,  members  of  the  same  family; 
this  common  tie  entails  on  them  the  duty, 


3T^ 


apun-pa 


q*  Bpdg-pa 


wbenever  a  death  takes  place,  ofcanDg  for 
the  cremation  of  the  dead  body  (cf.  ^os- 
8p^)  MU.  and  elsewh.;  mdza-spun  Mend 
Cs.  —  3.  weft,  woof  in  weaving, 
Kl^^^  spun-pa  1.  sbst.,  also  sbun-pa  B,^ 
W^  C.,  sbur^-ma)  DzL,  Ld.,  chaff,  husks 
etc.  —  2.  adj.  a  botanical  term,  description 
of  the  stalk  of  a  plant  Wdn. 
^iTZr  *P^^^>  pf*  sjwis,  vb.  a.  to  Jbub-pa 
^  to  turn  upside  down. 
«jx-  «pwr,  pwr,  also  skuy-spiiVy  resp.  for  ro, 
€  doad  body,  corpse,  spur  sbydm-pa  C, 
to  bum  a  dead  body;  spur-Kan  house  for 
keeping  dead  bodies,  or  rather,  in  most 
cases,  the  place  of  cremation;  spur-sgam 
or  sffrom  coffin;  ymr-fal  ashes  of  a  dead 
body;  spur  -  fsa  the  salt  for  preparing  a 
dead  body;  spur-Hn  wood  for  burning  a 
corpse. 

njx^O'  spur-bay  vb.  a.  to  ^r-ba^  to  make 
^  fly,  to  scare  up,  to  let  fly;  dm  spiScr- 
ba  to  pass  time  quickly  Cs. ;  8to«-«ptir  ex- 
aggeratioa,  bombast  Cs. 
nr^  spjAs  1.  goods,  merchandize,  ware,  ^pm 
9  Itd'ba  to  examine  goods  before  pur- 
chase Cs. ;  *8ptw  gyur-he*  W.,  *pM  ^^gyur-^a* 
Cs,  =  *daZ  fson  tan  -  be*.  —  2.  goodness, 
beauty,  spus-tan^  sptts-ytsdn^  spus-bzan,  of 
fine  appearance;  spus-^mdd  ill-looking,  un- 
sightly. —  3.  Sch.:  for  spos. 
Sfy  &Q  •  speu^  spiuy  turret,  on  a  castle  or 
^ '  ^^  gate  W.y  (C.  Uog).  High  towers 
or  steeples  are  seldom  met  with  in  Tibetim 
architecture;  *peu  gyd-ban  rin-mo*^  mMar 
or  Kdnrpa  dgu-fdg  are  the.  terms  denoting 
such. 
SPr«2C'  speg-Hn  Cs, :  n.  of  part  of  a  cart 

^•9^'^  spen-toffy  ornament,  finery. 

w  spM-pay  yza^p^n-pa  1.  the  planet 
Saturn;  the  proper  meaning  is  said 
to  be  a  broom  ^  hence  the  ^ign  for  it  is 
somewhat  resembling  that  implement  WdL 
—  2.  Saturday. 

>xr  spin-may  spdn-Hn,  n.  of  a  tree,  prob. 
tamarisk ;  spen-bdd  a  parapet,  formed 
of  the  stems  of  tamarisk  and  raised  on  the 
roo&  ci  monasteries. 


831 


Sara'  *P^'  •  *^?  ^^*  *•  to  ^]^el  -  6a,  1.  to 
^  augment,  to  increase,  n&r  the  wealth 
Lea.y  bkra-Hs  the  welfare ;  rkan-^6s  spil- 
ba  to  breed  cattle  Dzl,  and  elsewh. ;  *«pfe^ 
gyud-la  bor-ce*  W,  to  keep  cattle  for  breed- 
ing. —  2.  to  multiply  (arithm.)  Wdk.  — 
3.  to  spread 9  to  propagate  (news,  secrets) 
Dzl,  and  elsewh.;  more  emphatically:  spel 
rgyds-par^  or  sgrog-par  byM-pa  to  blaze 
about  Sch.  —  4.  to  join,  to  put  together,  e.g. 
letters  (almost  =  to  spell);  to  mingle,  to 
mix;  spd-ma  mixture,  e.g.  of  prose  and 
verse  Cs.;  ace.  to  Was.  however,  couplets, 
similar  both  as  to  metre  and  contents;  com- 
position, combination,  yser  yyu  spil-mai 
Uri  a  chair  of  gold  and  turkoises  Pih. ;  spiU 
mat  nor  mixed  goods  Cs.;  spel-gos  clothes 
of  various  colours  Cs. ;  spel-fsig  Sch. :  a  com- 
bination of  versfes,  poetry  (?);  spiUmar  by4d- 
pa  to  mix  Lex, 

^^  spes  edge,  brim,  border,  Sch, 

^  spo  summit  of  a  mountain,  brag  -  dmar 
^  spo-mfd-^nas  from  the  height  of  Bragmar 
Mil.;  rdo^e-yddn-gyi  spo-la  on  the  top  of 
Gaya  Pth,;  spd-bo  1.  (top,  point  =»)  bud 
Ts.  2.  district  to  the  east  of  Lhasa  Olr. 
ijnS^  spo-to  1,  bullock  C.  —  2.  n.  of  a 
^  ^    village  in  Panyul. 

^^'  spo-re  V.  ^or, 

rq-  spo  -  ba$  pf.  and  imp.  spos,  vb.  a.  to 
jfd-ba,  to  alter,  to  change;  with  and 
without  ynas  (  W,  *sa*) :  to  change  the  place 
(of  residence),  to  remove,  to  shift;  also  to 
transpose,  transplant;  min  spd-ba  to  change 
the  name  Mil,;  gos  sp6-ba  to  change  one's 
dress ;  mgo-lus  v.  mgo  extr. ;  to  remove  (an 
officer)  to  another  station;  to  dismiss  (a 
servant),  W.y  also  B,  frq.;  ykan  mUds-pa 
ydd  -  na  spds  -  pa  bzah  if  another  skilful 
(physician)  is  to  be  had,  it  will  be  better 
to  dismiss  (the  present  one);  to  alter,  to 
mend,  to  correct  W, ;  spd-sa  a  place  newly 
occupied  by  nomads  Sch, 

Spn'q'  ^P^^-P^y  pf-  spags,  fut  spag,  to  remove 

^  '  and  to  bring  near  by  turns  Cs.;  Leaa. 
w^e.  — 


332 


fW 


spoffs 


^^  spydn-U 


'J. 


^n^  ^ogs  gain,  profit,  Ke-spdgs  id.;  spogs 
^  '  byed-pa  to  make  profit,  to  gain 
money;  Uon-^dgs  bySdrpa  to  gain  money 
by  traffic  Dzl. ;  fson-spdgs-la  ^gr6-ba  Dd. ; 
skyedr-spogs  interest  (of  money) ;  spdgs  -  m 
yt6n-ha  to  give  money  on  interest  6«. ;  *mi- 
p6g  Umr-pa*  C,  to  demand  a  tax  from  emi- 
grants or  travellers. 

Sjr'fl'  spdn-ba^  spdn-ba,  pf.  spam^  fat.  span, 
^  imp.  9pon(8),  (Ssk.  ww)  1.  to  give  up, 
to  declare  off,  bdag  dan  bdcig-gir  Sambh, 
to  give  one's  self  up  and  all  that  one  has; 
sman-dpydd  mi  by^d-par  spdn-na  if  he  gives 
(the  patient)  over  w^ithout  even  attempt- 
ing a  cure  DzL  >S®,1;  to  renounce  (all 
pleasures)  frq.;  ^kddrgur-ru  span  mi  pod* 
he  cannot  give  up  Kotgur  (his  former  re- 
sidence) or  forget  it;  without  an  object: 
ydns-su  spdn-^ya  (partic.)  they  (the  Bodhi- 
sattvas)  who  entirely  renounce  Thgy.;  to 
sliun,  avoid,  abstain  from  (faults,  sins,  certam 
food)  frq.;  to  reject  ^^ddr-ba:  bde-sdug-la 
spati'blan  med  between  happiness  and  un- 
happiness  there  was  no  need  to  choose  (sc. 
because  only  bliss  prevailed)  Glr,;  spoh- 
bldn  ^dzin-pa  Hg-pa  the  cessation  of  every 
inclination  and  disinclination,  or  also,  of 
every  interest  in  choosing  or  rejecting.  — 
2.  to  throw  off,  to  drop,  a  letter,  pyi-Mg 
(to  omit)  the  dot  after  a  syllable  Gram, 
ijr 'Br •  ^on  -  byid  Vaisali ,  ancient  town 
^  ^^  near  Allahabad,  Tnr.  7,  5  and 
elsewh.;  also  Vriji,  ace.  to  &chf. 
Sjc'  spo<^  spice  Med, ;  spod^dSs-pa  to  season ; 
^  '  spddrdan  seasoned. 
Str-q*  spddrpa  1 .  hermit,  spdd-lcan  hermit- 
^  '  age  Sch,  —  2.  VOW,  spdd-pa  nydms- 
pa  one  that  has  broken  his  vow  Sch, 
gjq^rq-  spdbs-pa  {W,  also  ^spds-pa^^ l.vb. 
^  to  dare,  to  venture,  ju-bar  mi  spdbs- 

pas  not  daring  to  take  hold  of  PfA.,  also 
Dzl,9L^,^;  ^cJ^^,16;  spdbs-par  byid-pa 
1.  id.  2.  to  enable,  empower,  authorize  Cs. 
—  2,  sbst.  courage,  confidence. 
gfi;rQ(Tx'  spom-ydr  diffuse  (in  words),  prolix, 
^  long-winded,  byM-pa^  smrd-ba, 

cddrpa  Cs.  'to  say  circumstantially'. 
!&•  spoTy  9p<Mrd,  steel-yard;  W,  particularly 
^      a  little  one. 


^x 'n*  yx^-ba^  spdr-ba,  pf.  and  fut.  tpar^ 
^  1.  to  lift  up,  rdd-rye  the  praying- 

sceptre  Dom.;  (a  hatchet)  to  fetch  a  blow; 
W.  *hed  spdr-la  (or  spdr-te)  rgyob*  swing 
(the  hatchet)  well  and  strike!  *spdr-la  &>»* 
run  and  leap!  cf.  also  neirn;  to  raise,  pro- 
mote, advance,  go  ^  pan  in  rank  Lea,  — 
2.  V.  dpdr-ba, 

^T  spol  Ts,  for  *m^-7w^  W.  (v.  mes-po), 

SSj-  spos  1.  sbst  incense;  bdug  -  spds  id.; 
^  less  frq.  perfume  in  general;  byug-spos 
sweet-scented  water  or  omtmeni; spos  sbydr- 
bay  sgrub^a,  also  rgyainpa  and  rgydg-pa 
Cs.y  to  prepare  incense,  perfumes,  bdug-pa 
to  bum  (incense);  Jyug-pa  to  cover  (with 
perfume);  rgyorspdSy  brag-spdSy  span-spdSy 
different  kinds  of  perfume;  spos^kyi)  rM 
(-6u)  pastil,  long  and  thin  straws  being 
covered  with  an  odoriferous  substance,  which 
generally  consists  of  pulverized  higpa,  and 
sandal-wood,  combined  with  some  gugtdy 
musk  and  the  like;  they  are  made  by  the 
Lamas,  and  frequently  presented  to  tra- 
vellers as  an  offering  of  welcome.  ^f>08'dkdr 
frankincense,  =  gugul  dkdr-po.  —  qxfe- 
TTiA'an perfumer. — spos-^dg  incense  in  pieces 
or  cakes.  —  spos^iu,  resp.  ?a6,  sweet-scented 
water,  diluted  ointment,  lus  -  la  Jbyug  ^  pa 
Pth.;  spds^his  cag  -  cdg  ^d^bs  -  pa  Pth.  to 
sprinkle  with  such  water.  —  spos-^snod  Cs., 
spos-pdr  (also  pog-^dr^  censer,  perfuming- 
pan.  —  spds'-fson-pa  =  spds-mllan,  —  spos- 
yzdh  basin  for  incense  Cs,  —  spos-iSl  (coL 
*pO'UJ^)  apber.  —  2.  vb.  v.  spe^-ia  and 
spdbs-pa.  ^^  -'■'' ^  <^<  -  7^  '  J  ' .  - '  <'*— ^  ^N-<vxr » 
»rrg«r  spya-diids  Cs,  =  yo  -  bydd;  Lexx, 
S  ^  spyadrdnos  and  dnos-spydd,  as  ex- 
planations to  ka-da, 

«m-»-  spydh'ki  Mil,,  Sg.,  -gi  DzL,  -ku,  -gu, 
B  '  A!tt  a.,  LA.  *^an-Att»,  wolf.  (Wolves, 
where  more  frequent,  as  e.  g.  in  Spiti, 
commit  ravages  among  the  sheep;  but  are 
other  wise  not  much  dreaded  by  man). 
spydn-mo  female  wolf;  spyan-pHig  young 
wolf;  spyan-fsdn  wolfs  den;  spyan-dM 
wolfs  trap  (used  in  /Sp.);  spydn^ku  nit-ba 
the  howling  of  a  wolf  Cs.;  be-^pydn  Lex., 


^^'^  spydn-ba 

U&'Spifdn  Stg,,  dt^spydn  Cs,y  ^Ht/i^ddn*  W., 
jackal.  —  spyan-dug-pa  Cs.ySpyan-ta^  Med.y 
thistle,  or  kind  of  thistle,  mentioned  as  an 
emetic. 

nfT'ST  spydn-ba  1.  sbst.  and  adj.;  spydn- 
W"  po  adj.,  skill;  skilful,  clever,  Lexx,, 
Glr,  and  elsewh.;  prob.  =  ybdvj(jpo\  q.  v.; 
sometimes  confounded  withs6yrfn-6a,s6ydw«- 
po,  practiced,  expert;  rig -pa  spydn-bas 
rtsdm-pa  kun-la  ^ug  Lt  the  clever  man 
finds  his  way  in  every  thing;  spyan-yUn 
C$.  the  clever  man  and  the  dunce;  Glr.: 
spyan  ylen  ma  n&r-ba  big  byed  dgos,  prob. 
to  be  read  J^ed^  and  to  be  translated :  then 
it  most  evidently  appear,  who  is  clever  and 
who  is  stupid.  —  2.  vb.  =  dpydn-ba, 

^  spyad  V.  spya, 

JK'^  spydd-pa  v.  spydd-pa, 

««-•  spyan,  resp.  for  mig,  eye ;  spyan  bgrdd- 
S  '  puy  yddn-buy  to  stare  Cs.;  apyan  .gywr" 
ba  Y.apydn^a;  spyan ^drM-pUy  rarely  drons- 
po,  resp.  for  Jbrin^a^  to  invite,  v.  ^dr^-- 
pa;  spyan  ^pyi-ha  to  wipe  the  eyes;  spyan 
btsdm-pa  to  shut  the  eyes  Cs. 

Comp.  and  derlv.  ^an  -  kyiig  or  Kyug 
eye-brow  Cs,  —  spyan-dkyns  v.  dkyus.  — 
sipyannbskyims  mdzddrpa  to  protect,  to  pre- 
serve the  eyes  Sch,  —  spydn^na  before, 
with,  in  presence  of  a  dignitary,  spydn- 
snixi  grd-pa-mams  the  scholars  standing  in 
presence  of  his  Reverence  Cs.\  mostly  in 
thetermin.  case:  spydn-snary  as  adv.  and 
postp.,  rgydlrpoi  spydn^nar  Uridrpa  to  lead 
(another)  before  the  king,  frq.;  rarely  in 
reference  to  the  first  pers. :  nai  spydn-snar 
^on  they  came  to  me,  before  my  face  (sc. 
Buddha'^s)  Dzl, ;  less  corr.  spydn^nar  mdz^s- 
pot  shidrris  Mil,  in  front  (on  the  fore-part 
of  the  shoes)  beautifully  embroidered  figures. 
—  tpydn-ban  having  eyes.  —  spyan-Uibs 
eye-lid.  —  spyan-Mbt/tdJ^^^Jbyin-pa  to  shed; 
i&r-ha  to  flow  from;  also  to  shed,  rgydU 
bu  spyanridb  h&r-ro  Pth,  the  prince  shed 
tears.  —  spyan-^drin  one  who  invites,  one 
Uiat  calls  to  dinner.  —  spydn^a  Cs,  1.  eye- 
witness; 2.  commissary;  3.  Sch.  overseer; 


a  «2^ 

spydn-du  ^gym^ba  =  dpdn-du  ^  gyur-ba ,  to 
see,  to  know ;  spydn-pa  byid-pa  to  watch, 
guard,  keep,  protect,  inspect  Sch, ;  bd^glan- 
gi  spydn-pa  cow- herd  (?)  Sch,  —  spyan- 
Jbrds  apple  of  the  eye.  —  spyan-mig-bzan 
the  western  'king  of  ghosts^,  v.  rgyal-ihi 
sub  rgydl'ba.  —  spyan  -  dmigs  Sch. :  'the 
object  of  vision;  the  inclination  of  the 
mind'.  —  spyan-smdn  medicine  for  the  eyes. 

—  spyan -rtsSg  the  wrinkles  of  the  eye- 
lids Cs,  —  spyan 'Zur  Sch,^  corner  of  the 
eye.  —  spyan-yzigSj  cqstly  ofFerings  dedi- 
cated to  the  gods,  MiL ;  also  applied  to  pres- 
ents of  food,  o£Pered  to  men,  Mil, ;  JM-ba 
to  offer  such;  also  Jtr&nrpa,  —  spyan-yds^ 
Sch,,  without  eyes,  blind.  —  spyavrrds,  Sch. 
the  brightness  of  the  eye,  a  glance  of  the 
eye.  —  spyan-ras-yzigs  W,;  *dan-re-zig*Cs,: 
^ben-^e-sig'OT  -sf,  Ssk,  ^^m\Ui(\^Ky  ^® 
other  (cf.  ojam-dpal)  of  the  two  great  half- 
divine  Bodhisattvas  of  the  northern  Bud- 
dhists, who  more  particularly  is  revered  as 
begetter  (not  creator),  redeemer,  and  ruler 
of  men,  and  in  the  first  place  of  the  Tibe- 
tans, incarnate  as  king  Sron-tsan-gdm-pOy 
Kopp,  II,  22.  —  spydn-lam-du  seems  to  be 
«=  drun-duy  spydn-snar.  Mil,  and  elsewh. 

tspyi,  I.  adj.  (synon.  fun,  also  dbyins^ 
opp.  to  sgos)  1.  general,  relating  to  all, 
standing  higher  than  all:  *frm-pgn  bi*,  chief 
prefect,  governor  general  C;  adv.  spyi, 
spyir('du),  less  frq.  spyi-la^  spyi-na,  spyir- 
gt/is,  generally,  in  general,  frq.  followed  by 
sgos(-kyis),  Hydd-par,  in  particular,  singly; 
also  like  cu7n  turn  in  Latin;  spyi  dan  Jlir, 
generally,  and  here,  in  this  work,  Wdn,\ 
spyii  sdom,  v.  sdom;  —  spyii  Mag  )i  dan 
)i  bzin'du(?)  Sch,:  'according  to  general 
custom'.  —  2.  all,  C, ;  IM-Uan  spyii  bstan- 
srun  Glr.  —  3.  for  spyi-bo^  v.  below.  — 
spyi'sgra  Cs,^  general  meaning,  more  corr. 
sgra-spyi.  Was.  (294),  general  expression. 

—  spyi-yb^^  spyi-fer  Cs,^  bald-headed.  — 
spyi'fdr  =  gtstig-tdr  Lex.  spyi-fdg^  property 
of  the  community,  common  property;  W.: 
*pi-€og-ne  ton^  bestow  it  out  of  the  com- 
mon funds !  —  spyi-gdugs,  v.  sgos,  —  «p^ 
pa,  heady  chief,  leader,  superintendent,  Sch.; 


334 


spjfi-ti 


^Cr  9py6d^a 


spyi'dpofiy  much  the  same,  y.  spas;  spyi" 
bo,  I .  (rarely  y>yt),  crown  of  the  head,  top, 
spyi'bor  Jcur-ba  to  carry  on  the  head ;  — 
»pyi'bos  pydg-JsaUba  to  bow  down  bending 
the  head;  hobs  »pyi-bor  Un-pa,  frq.,  to 
place  the  foot  of  a  superior  on  one's  own 
head;  dei  spyi-bo-nas  byug-nas^  pouring 
over  his  head,  anointing  \imL,Domah ;  more 
f rq  :  spyt-bo-nas  dban  skur-ba,  v  akur-ba; 
spyi'bo-nas  dbah  bskur-bai  rgydl-po^  the 
anointed  king;  spyi-gluys,  the  vessel  osed 
for  anointing  (resembling  a  tea-pot).  — 
2.  the  end  of  a  piece  of  cloth,  dar-yug-giy 
Glr.  —  3.  name  of  a  king  of  China  Glr,\ 
ipyi-mm  common  appellation :  dkor  ni  ndr- 
gyi  spyi-min,  ^dior'  is  a  general  word  for 
property.  Lex.  —  11.  often  incorr.  for  Hy 
also  dpyir. 

t^-  spyp-tly  a  fantastic,  mystical  doctrine 
^  of  Urgyen-Paiima,  t^-pa  Un-po  spyi- 
tiy  spyi-ti  ydg-brdai  dkyil-Kor  Pth,;  ydn- 
tL  another  of  his  doctrines. 

l^qSi)'  spyt'brtol,  Cs.:  impudence,  imper- 
o  '  tinence,  iS^A.;  lewd;  spyt-6r<dWan, 
impudent;  spyi-brtSl  bySd-pa,  to  be  im- 
pudent Cs. 

rq*  spyin-buy  pf.  spyins,  imp.  8pyin(8), 
the  vb.  a.  to  Jbyih-bay  to  sink,  to 
lower,  let  down,  dip  under;  ^r,  Lexx. 
$v^  spyin  {W,  *(s)pin%  glue,  paste:  spyin 
B  ^  skoUbaj  to  manufacture  glue;  skudrpa 
{Sch.  also  bddr-baf)  to  spread  glue  on; 
*pin  dan  jdr^de*  W.  to  glue;  ho'spyin, 
glue  made  of  skins,-  nya^ spying  fish-glue, 
isinglass;  bagspyin  paste  or  rather  a  kind 
of  putty,  compounded  of  flour  and  glue; 
rd' spyin  glue  made  of  horn;  ^a- spyin, 
meat- jelly;  spyin-por  glue-pot. 

t5j«r  spyims  (?  Hrm),  Ld,  =  spyi;  *dimsi 
mill*  =  spyi-min. 

S^'  spyir  V.  spyi, 

toyzy  spyil '  po,  1.  hut  Mil.,  Pth,;  rtsai, 
thatched  hut  Lex,-,  spyil-  bu,  id.; 
lo-mai  spyil'bu,  hut  constructed  of  twigs, 
fastened  together  on  the  top,  arbour;  a  COt, 
a  mean  house.  —  2.  inmate  Of  such  a  one, 
Cs.)  also  spyiUpa,  fem.  -ma. 


^  '      to  expel,  to  turn  out,  to  banish;  yU- 

nas  out  of  the  country;  yul  ghdn-du  Olr.; 
mtd-la,  mfar  into  the  neighbouring  coun- 
try, over  the  frontier  (v.  mfo);  when  the 
place  of  banishment  is  named,  the  other- 
wise faulty  spelling  bbug-pa  is  allowable; 

fq«  spyS'ba,  pf.  and  imp.  spyos,  to  blame, 
to  scold  Dd,;  l^un-ma  rtdg-tu  spyd- 
hin,  as  my  vrife  is  always  scolding;  bes 
spydS'SO  thus  they  spoke  in  a  blaming  way, 
Dzl;  Cs,  also:  to  mock,  to  ridicule (?).  synon. 
yU-ba. 


r 


'^*  »py<^n'  ba  =  dpydn-ba, 

f'i\Zy  ^py<^'P^  I-  vb.,  also  spydd  pa,  p£ 
'  spyady  Ssk,  ^T^T  ^'  ~  byH-pa,  to 
do,  to  ac^  V.  tsdns'par,  yet  gen.  with  an 
object  in  the  accus.  to  accomplish,  perform, 
commit;  sdig-pa,  sdig^pcd  las,  dgi-ba,  dkd- 
ba  (v.  dkd'ba),  cos  spyod-pa;  nu-dge-ba 
dS'dag  spyod-na  if  one  commits  these  sins 
Thgy,;  bdag  bi  spyddrpas  ^dir  skyeSy  what 
having  done,  or  because  of  which  doing 
of  mine  am  I  re- bom  here?  Dzl,;  even 
like  bySdrpa^  to  be,  mna-^dg  spydd-pai 
J)dns  Olr,,  simply  ==  subjects;  rarely  c.  dat: 
sdig-pa  Jbd-zig-la  spydd-pa,  Thgy.,  dgi^a 
bdu-la,  Dzl,,  denoting  u  habitual  doing;  cf. 
zd'ba.  —  2.  to  treat,  to  deal  with,  zas-Mm 
U(fS-par  spydd-pa,  (to  deal  with)  food  and 
drink  in  the  right  manner  S.g,;  gen.  with 
the  dat. :  hin-la  Ihi-ru  spyad,  the  fields  were 
disposed  of  in  lots,  divided  Ghr,;  hence 
gen.  to  use,  to  make  use  of,  to  employ,  to 
enjoy:  bd-glan  nyin-par  to  use  an  ox  du- 
ring the  day  (for  ploughing)  Dzl.;  yun-^n- 
dus-su  bdA'bar  spyad  kyan,  even  if  one  has 
long  and  in  tranquillity  used,  enjoyed  (this 
world's  goods),  Thgy.;  so  frq.  with  Ions: 
Idns-spyodrpa;  to  have  for  a  sphere  of  acti- 
vity, V.  mUd-spyody  sd-spyod,  sa-^dg-spyod; 
also  a  euphemism  for  sensual  indulgence: 
byd-mdd'la  spydd-pa  to  use,  to  cohabit 
with,  a  woman,  Dzl.;  rm^gs-par  or  %- 
par,  to  violate  (a  woman)  Thgy.  &  others; 
dga  mgiir  spydd'^a,  of  a  like  meaning;  the 


odier  synonymoas  phrases:  ^dod^ldg  spydd- 
p€t^  fni  ^(fe-pat  spy6dr-pa  byM^a,  Glr,^  nydU 
po,  ^dffs-pay  Jcrig-pa  spydd-pa^  belong  by 
their  construction  properly  to  1;  so  also: 
bud-fndd  brgya  spyod  nus  he  can  get  done 
with  a  hundred  wives,  Lt 

n.  sbst.  1.  action,  practice,  execution,  opp. 
to  Itd-ba,  theory,  esp.  in  mysticism,  v.  sgdmn 
pa.  —  2.  activity:  spydd-pa  Un-tu  ddg-par 
gyiir-to  they  were  much  restrained,  nar- 
rowly watched  Gl/r,;  shns-kyi  spyod-pa 
seems  to  be:  faculty  of  mind,  Wdn,  —  3. 
way  of  acting,  conduct,  course  of  life,  =  spydd- 
lam;  byan-cub-s^ms-dpai  frq  ;  ndn-  or  ny^- 
spyod  bad  actions,  bzdn-  or  Ugs-spyod  good 
actions  Cs,;  spydd -pa  Hb-pa,  'the  strict', 
a  monastic  order  Pth,;  behaviour,  deport- 
ment, frq. :  spyddrpa  rt»ih-ba^  rude,  rough, 
in  manners  Glr, ;  spyddrpas  skdd-dig  kyan 
mi  fyuffSy  of  an  extremely  variable  conduct 
(lit.  not  for  one  moment  the  same)  Glr, 

Comp.  spyod-^ds  gait  and  deportment 
MiL  —  9pyod-ndn  ==  ndn-spyod^  spyod-  ndn 
byMpa.  —  spyddnfyuly  Sch.  =  spydd-pa  II. 
9py6dryul,  sphere  of  activity;  hitn-^  spydd- 
yul  ^di  ma  lags^  that  is  not  a  thing  to  be 
attempted  by  every  body  Mil.;  mfdn-hai 
spydd' pa  range  of  vision  Tar,]  cf.  ift^T^- 
—  ^pySd'lam^  1.  demeanour,  deportment, 
mode  of  life  frq.;  2.  good  behaviour,  grace- 
fill  demeanour,  noble  deportment;  other- 
wise spyod-pa  mdz^s-pa;  hence  spydd -pa 
dan  Iddn^pa^  spyodrlddn  of  genteel  manners 
DzL ;  ipydd-pa  dan  mi  Iddn-pa  DzLj  *^od- 
ndn-^an*  TF.,  ^dg-Uy  jh^-M^*,  C.  rude, 
unmannerly,  W-bred,  disobedient  3.  Med,:  diet, 
and  more  particularly  bodily  exercise;  zas- 
spyddj  food  and  exercise.  4.  attitude:  spydd- 
Um  rnam^ba  the  four  attitudes  of  sitting, 
lyii^  standing  and  walking. 
W'CI'^  spydd'pa-pa  v.  dpydd^a^  extr. 

^•qr-  spyodrpad  or  dpyod-pdd  (spelling 
9  '      '  not  quite  certain),  pronunc. :  ^dg- 
p/*,  lemon,  citron  C, 
W\^  spydn-pay  rarely  for  Jbyon-pa, 

l&rCf  «Ry^-P^?  pf-  9pyomSy  to  boOSt,  to 
^      exhibit  with  ostentation,  eg.  virtues, 


335 


$rg^  ^pH^ti'-ma-rdzarya 


(the  Greek  xavxSadai),  Notwithstanding 
the  detailed  explanations  of  the  Lexx.^  the 
word  is  after  all  so  little  known,  that  I 
never  met  with  it  in  books,  nor  heard  it 
used  by  the  people.  —  spyomsy  sbst.,  self- 
praise,  boasting  Zam. 

jt^  spra^  monkey.  Mil.^  prob.  the  large  dark- 
^  gray,  long-tailed  monkey  of  the  southern 
Himalaya;  sp^d^mo]  spra-pri^, 
KrfQ\xnr  spra-cdl  v.  pra-Ml;  spra-t^l  v. 
^^^  Ul-pa, 

r-  sprd'ba,  I.  sbst.  W,  *hrd'Wa*^  spunk, 
German  tinder,  prepared  of  the  fibres 
of  a  thistle  (Cousinia);  spra-md,  glowing 
tinder,  Pth, ;  pyi  id  sprd-ba  dkdr-p&r  yyogs, 
white-nappy,  as  a  botanical  term,  Wdn.^  the 
colour  of  the  tinder,  i*eferred  to,  being  a 
light  gray;  sprd-bai  fdg-gu  a  medicinal 
herb  Wdn, 

II,  vb.  pf.  spraSy  imp.  spros^  1.  to  adom, 
to  decorate:  rgydvrgyis  frq.,  mtsdn-dpes  Mil, 
and  elsewh.  —  2.  ydes  spras^  Lex.f  sprd-ba 
byidnpa  to  love,  tO  caross.  —  3.  perh.  iden- 
tical with  *ira-^^(8)*,  tO  empty  (a  dish).  — 
4.  spra  Jiridrpa  to  lead,  to  direct  right  — 
Cf.  also  ytsan  sprd-wa, 
S*^^  spra-fsil,  Med,,  C,  wax  {W,  *mum*), 

S^^  sprdg-pa  v.  sbrdg-pa, 

xtr-fl'  sprdn-ba,  Ci.,  to  beg;  (the  verb  I 
^  never  met  with,  and  Zam,  explains 
the  sbst.  only  by  Twr-m^d)]  sprdn-po^  beg- 
gar, DzL,  Glr,y  frq.  (  Wts,  'filou',  rather  bold, 
though  not  far  from  the  truth);  "^tan-ldn* 
C,  id.;  spran-rgdn  Mil,  an  old  beggar; 
rdzus-^mai  sprdn-po  a  sham-beggar  Glr,; 
spi*an'pritg  beggar  boy;  spran-bdn  men- 
dicant friar  Glr, ;  spran-zds  beggar's  live- 
lihood Mil;  dkar-spran  begging  for  lenten 
food,  also  such  food  obtained  by  begging, 
V.  dJcar-zds;  skyur-sprdn  begging  for  beer 
Mil  o 

^^'^'  sprdd-pa  v.  sprdd-pa, 

5  '        ^   si'iin,  n.  of  the  em- 

peror of  China,  during  whose  reign  Bud- 
dhism was  introduced  into  that  country, 


336 


S'ST  9pri-ma 


r 


'^  sprulnba 


Glr,;  ace.  to  Chinese  accouBts:  Ming-ti, 
58—76  after  Christ. 

tw  spri-ma^  spris-ma,  aris-ma^  W,  *m*, 
cream,  and  other  fatty  substances,  ga^ 
thering  on  the  surfaces  of  fluids;  ^6-mai 
sprisy  Lty  io(t)'8pri8^  Wdn.;  gen.  ^o-m, 
cream  (of  milk) ;  fug-spri^  the  greasy  sur- 
face of  soup;  ditto  of  urine  Med, 
Svr  •fl*  sprin-ba,  pf .  sprinSy  to  Send  a  message, 
^  to  give  information,  to  send  word ;  prin, 
tidings  Dzl.'^  kes  sprin-no  so  I  seud  him 
word  Dzl  .  ^,^  /'  ',    C   ^/  o.'\   '    V  :. 

t^  sprifiy  *tin*y  Ld,  *knn*,  BaL  *8pin*^ 
'  cloud,  also  as  an  emblem  of  transito- 
riness  frq. ;  *h*in  figs^  /'or*,  W,y  clouds  arc 
spreading;  spnn-gyi  ysS-nas  from  between 
the  clouds  Glr.;  gldgsprin  thunder-cloud 
Glr. ;  idr-sprin  rain-cloud ;  ^dsprin  cloud 
tinged  with  rainbow  colours  Pth.;  mig- 
sprin  V.  this;  Ihd-sprin  a  southern  cloud, 
picturesque  expression,  the  clouds  in  Tibet 
generally  coming  from  the  south  Altl,;  sprvn- 
skyi8  lightning;  sprin-dmdr  clouds  redden- 
ed by  the  sun,  morning  or  evening  red; 
aprin-pufiy  sprm-fsdgs^  an  accumulation  of 
clouds;  sprin-yyi  p6-nya  the  messenger  of 
the  clouds,  Meghadata,  a  poem  by  Ealidasa 
Tar, 

§^5f  ^'  spriba-pa  to  be  hungry  Sch, 

S5»r5I'  spris-ma  v.  spri-ma, 

RT^  spru-ma^  Cs.^  hellebore;  spru-dkdr^ 
^       -nag  Med, 

IMOVZT  ^P^ff-p^y  pf-  and  imp.  sprugs^  *f^' 
^  '  pa*,  W,  *8rug-be*  to  shake,  to  shake 
off,  to  beat  out,  rdul  dust;  to  stir  up,  rdid- 
fsub,  to  raise,  whirl  up  dust;  lus  sprug-sil- 
ba,  lus  sprug-sil  byid-pa  Glr.^  to  shake  one's 
self  (used  of  horses);  fig.  nvA  mfu  rtsal 
sprug-pay  to  strain  every  nen^e.  to  work 
with  might  and  main  Pth, ;  tO  shake  about, 
to  stir  up  (synon. '^rwW^,  i^m-ce*  W.);  C%, 
also:  to  rub,  to  scratch,  to  brush?? 

fQiw  sprul-ba  (cf.  ^prul-ba),  to  juggle,  to 
make  phantoms  (sprul-pa)  appear,  to 
change,  to  transform  (one's  self),  which  ac- 
cording to  the  doctrines  of  Buddhism  is  the 


highest  acquisition  of  any  man,  that  by  his 
own  holiness  has  assumed  divine  nature, 
viz.  as  long  as  he  is  capable  of  acting,  not 
having  yet  been  absorbed  into  the  blessed 
state  of  nothingness.  This  power  of  traos- 
formation  on  the  part  of  the  Buddhist  is 
the  evidence  of  what  he  understtmds  by  di- 
vine omnipotence;  but  as  this  conception 
is  a  mere  product  of  fancy,  it  varies  in  its 
import.  On  the  one  hand  it  is  opposed  to 
reality,  dnos;  thus  e.g.  beings,  whom  no 
Buddha  could  convert  through  his  personal 
agency,  sku-dnds-kyi  sgS-naSy  are  converted 
(ace.  toi^.)  sprid-pai  fdhs-h/is.  Frequently 
Buddha  avails  himself  of  jugglery,  rdzu- 
frulstoUy  converting  thousands  of  beings  in 
a  trice,  Dzl.  &elsewh.;  further:  drdg-poi 
sprul'pa  byds'pa  yin  Glr,,  I  caused  ter- 
rifying phantoms  to  appear,  viz.  the  spec^ 
tral  bodies  of  executed  culprits,  in  order 
to  scare  the  rude  Tibetans  into  the  way  of 
virtue.  From  the  foregoing  it  is  evident  that 
the  term  in  question  by  no  means  conveys 
the  scriptural  idea  of  a  creative  ami  mira- 
culous power;  the  Tibetan,  however,  when 
he  becomes  acquainted  with  Christianity,  is 
always  apt  to  substitute  his  spriM-pa  or 
rdzv^^prul^  and  spHd-ba  for  it.  On  the  other 
hand,  a  real  and  material  existence  is  as 
often  attributed  to  a  sprtdrpa^  when  it  de- 
signates the  incarnate  and  embodied  per- 
son, the  Avatara  of  a  deity,  (MongoL  Chu- 
bilgan),  who  lik^  any  human  being  is  ca- 
pable of  acting,  and  exerting  an  influence 
on  the  material  world  around  him,  or  of 
suffering  by  it,  without  any  docetic  admix- 
ture. Occasionally  it  is  also  to  be  translat- 
ed by  emanation:  ydh-vpnd,  emanation  of 
the  second  degree,  i.e.  one  emanation  going 
forth  from  another ;  nyih  -  sprul  or  ysum- 
spruly  an  em.  of  the  third  degree  Pth.;  spril- 
pa  ^gyid'pa,  to  let  emanations  go  forth, 
Lexx.  —  Further:  spruUpa  Tnky&n-pa^  to 
be  an  adept  in  the  art  of  sprul-pay  Le. 
witchcraft,  Glr.;  ri  ynyu  sprul-te  produ- 
cing two  mountains  by  magic,  Dzl. ;,,.  mfS- 
ba  , . ,  bsfugs-pa  sprul-naSy  changing  himself 
into  a  high  enthroned  person,  Dzl,;  dge- 


337 


»pre 


$ldn  big-tUy  transforming  himself  into  a  friar, 
Dzl.  frq.;  d&d'^o  fsim-par  sprul-ba^  to 
satiate  animals  by  fictitious  food  DzL ;  fams- 
bad  9fprtiUpar  ^diig-fa^  these  were  all  meta- 
morphoses, mocking  phantoms,  Glr, ;  sku- 
lus'h/i  sprul-pa  brgya-riza-brgydd  mdzddr 
de  or  sprul-te^  to  centuple  one's  self,  Glr.\ 
8pnU-pai  rgydlrpo^  the  phantom-king,  viz. 
Buddha,  Avalokitesvara,  or  some  other  di- 
vine person,  incarnate  as  a  king;  gan-la- 
gan-^d&l-ffyi  aprul-pay  all-converting  Ava- 
tara,  frq. 

9pre^  gen.  spreu^  rarely  sprel  (Ld,  *h*eu; 

9pr%u*)  monkey,  of  a  grayish  yellow 
brown,  common  in  theforests  of  the  southern 
Himalaya,  (cf.  sprd) ;  sometimes  a  distinc- 
tion is  made  between  spr^  and  spra^  in  which 
case  the  former  is  the  long-tailed  monkey. 
—  sprS-mOy  female  monkey,  Cs. ;  yet  also 
fpreu  idr-ma,  a  blind  female  monkey,  Dzl ; 
ipre-^ug^  young  monkey.  —  spre^rUsSdj 
apish  tricks;  foolery. 

rfl-  sprd-ba  I.  vb.  pf.  spros^  prop,  the  tran- 
sitive of  ^pr6-ba  to  makt  go  out,  to 
disperse,  to  spread;  gen.  howevet  intransi- 
tive: h  to  go  out,  to  proceed,  to  Spread,  of 
rays  of  light,  of  the  wind,  Wdn.  —  2.  fig.  to 
enlarge  upon,  by  way  of  explaining,  repre- 
senting, Zam.,  Pth.;  y big-las  sprds-pa.  Was. 
(115),  enlarging  (proceeding)  from  the  num- 
ber one  in  an  ascending  progression  of  num- 
hftrs;  mdm-par  sprds-pa^  to  have  come  to 
a  full  development  and  restoration  from  the 
consequences  of  sins,  Stg. 

II.  1.  vb.  (pf.  unaltered),  to  feel  an  in- 
clination for,  to  dolight  in:  dg^-ba-la/m  virtue, 
DzL;  byd-ba  gdn-la  yah  sprd-ba  <kin^  feel- 
ing little  inclination  for  doing  any  thing, 
Thgy. ;  bsdd-pa/r  sprd-ba  su  yan  ma  byun^ 
none  was  found  that  had  a  mind  to  kill, 
%.;  so  also  Tar,\  to  be  willing,  to  Wish, 
Tar.\  in  an  absolute  sense:  sems^  or  resp. 
fugs,  sprd-bar  ^gyiir-ba,  to  get  cheerful,  merry. 
Mil  —  2.  sbst.  joy,  cheerfulness:  sprd-ba 
shfid'pay  to  feel  joy,  pleasure,  DzL  and 
clsewh.;  sprd^a  sky^-bai  pyir^du,  for  an 
eneonrBgement,  for  a  comfort,  Qlr.\  ffpro- 
m-ba  SeLy  great  joy  (cf.  sin)]  spro-^sin-gi- 


S^^fif  spros'pa 


ba,  8ch,,  to  one's  wish(?);  spro  hi-ba^  Sch., 
'not  to  be  joyfuV,  lit.  the  cessation  of  joy; 
spro  fiin-ba,  'short  cheerfulness*,  i.e.  a  passi- 
onate disposition;  or  as  adj.  passiOfttte,  iraS* 
Cible,  Wdn.\  dga-sprd,  joy,  dga-sprd  dpag- 
tu-mSd-pa  fob,  he  got  into  a  most  cheerful 
humour.  Mil. — *fo-lldh*,C.y  pleasure-house, 
summer-house,  pavilion ;  spro-s^ms  and  (Ld.) 
*spro-sis,  ^o-^^s*,  joy ;  spro-simSy  Thgy.  also 
youthful  joy,  alacrity,  cheerfulness  in  work- 
ing, readiness  to  act 
^n-w  sprdg-ma;  Sch.  sp6s-kyi  sprdg-may 
^  '      little  box  for  frankincense. 

^TTS'  sprdg-hi  v.  prog. 

^•jjj-  sprdd-pa,  secondary  form  ^ad,  the 
*5  '  vb.  a.  of  prodrpa  (by  the  illiterate 
it  is  often  used  for  ytodrpa^  not  very  current 
in  common  life)  1.  to  bring  together,  to  put 
together,  to  make  to  meet:  nai  bld-ma-la 
sprdd-doy  we  will  bring  you  together  vnth 
our  Lama,  MU.;  so  also  resp. . . .  ynyis  ial 
sprdd  mdzdd-pa;  in  another  passage  de  da/fi 
ial'sprddr^lu  bii»gs-Hn  prob.  means  sitting 
exactly  opposite  to  one  another,  (a  whimsi- 
cal idea,  relative  to  two  idols  many  miles 
distant  from  each  other;  possibly  it  should 
be  read  ytodndu);  bddg-bag  sprdd-bigy  bring 
about  a  meeting  between  our  two  parties! 
DzL;  yyul  or  fdb-mo,  to  commit  a  battle; 
rdl'Ka,  Ma.y  to  put  the  edges  of  the  swords 
together,  prob.  meaning  the  same;  mfeb 
sprddrpa,  to  put  the  finger  to  the  bow-string, 
Gl/r. ;  *ldg'tg  Ub^to  kdlr^a*y  to  suspend  by 
the  thumb  and  big  toe,  a  kind  of  torture 
in  C.  (The  special  meaning:  to  cohabit,  Cs , 
never  came  to  my  notice).  —  2.  to  delhfor 
(a  letter,  message)  Pth.;  spdr-mor,  Idg-tUy 
Lea.y  to  put  into  one's  hand ;  tO  set,  to  put, 
to  propose,  *gyug^j  Idem*,  a  task,  a  riddle, 
W.\  to  pay  (cf.  ^prodrpa) y  pyir  sprod-pay 
to  repay.  —  Moreover:  nd-sprod-pa,  to  ex- 
plain, don  dan  sprdd-pa  seems  to  signify 
the  same  in  MU.,  Pth.;  brdd-sprod-pay  to 
explam,  to  describe  v.  brda;  brda-sprddy  ibid, 
seems  to  denote  gramttiar. 
Skrn'  ^prds-^a.  1.  pf.  V.  sprd-ba  I.  —  2. 

^        business,  employment,  acthrity;  Cs.: 

22 


338 


5f  pa 


5J 


ST /a 


-pa-han,  busy,  employed,  occupied; 

sprds'bdasy  id.;  cds-h/i  and  Jig-rt&n-gyi 
sprds-pa^  spiritual  and  secular  business'; 
Sch. :  'spros  kwriy  all  affairs' ;  I  met  only  with 


sprds-pa  mSdrpa  or  'Sddrpa^  or  «pro8-fcrdJ, 
denoting  the  state  of  an  absolute  inactivity, 
such  as  belongs  to  Buddha  in  the  state  o{ 
ios-dcUy  (v.  shu  2)  Pih.y  MiL 


5J 


^  pa  1.  the  letter  j$,  aspirate,  the  English 

p  in  pass.  —  2.  num.  figure :  14. 
5j-  jJa  I.  vulgo  lM'j<f*,  IM'^S  oi-p'a,  a-pa, 
(fis.  also  W'^'  a- to)  1.  father,  resp.  yab 
(yet  also  ^a  is  used,  e.g.  when  Milaraspa 
is  addressed  by  his  female  disciples,  as  well 
as  in  prayers  to  defunct  saints  MU,)  —  2. 
a  male,  not  castrated,  animal  (vulg.  likewise 
a-jfa),    Comp.  'pa-gldn  bull.  —  pa-ryes-^^ 
Sch.^  a  child  bom  after  its  father's  death. 
—  pa-rtdy  stallion.  —  ^pa-n&r^y  patrimony 
C,  W.  —  pa-spad  (^Sch,  also  pad)  v.  spad; 
pa-^pUn  V.  9pun,  —  i^a-poj^,  boar.  —  pa- 
md^  parents,  pormd-la  giis-pa^  Stc/.;  ^pa- 
ma-rrUdrlian*^  W.^  orphan;  also  father  or 
mother,  parent;  pa-md-ybig-pa^  brothers 
and  sisters  born  of  the  same  parents.  — 
pa-^n^  relations  on  the  father's  side;  bts^n- 
moi  pa-min  bdsso^  Glr.y  he  invited  the  re- 
lations of  his  wife's  father;  pa  (dan)  mh 
(-po),  ancestors;  pa-mh  hi-bai  ddn-duy  for 
the  (defuuct)  ancestors,  Wdn.;  —  pa-tsdb 
1.  foster-father,  guardian,  Sch,  2.  father  to 
a  country  (?).  —  portsdn^  Mil.  1.  cousin  by 
the  father's  side  (patruelis)  C.  2.  also=^a- 
spun(?).  — ^pa-yH  =  *pa^ndf^^  C,  —  pa-yd/'i^ 
Sch,^  step -father;  — pa-yul^  fatherland, 
native  country,  frq.;  pa-yul-la  cdgs-pa  or 
sr^g-pa^  love  of  country.  —  por-yydg^  yak- 
bull.  —  pa-yydr^  step-father,  foster-father, 
Cs,  —  por-rd^  he-goat,  buck. 

II.  root  for  the  terms:  beyond,  onward, 
farther  on ;pa-jra,  the  opposite  side;  cupd- 
gar  tdn-nas^  to  get  to  the  opposite  bank 
or  shore,  MiL  (not  frq.).  — pd-^^  1.  that 


which  is  on  the  other  side,  Sch.  2.  C,  also 
Pth.,  Mil,:  yoniBT'y pd-^i  ri  cfe,  that  moan- 
tain  yonder,  Pth.  3.  col. :  he.  — pd-gitj  there, 
thither.  —  pd-no^^pd-rol,  pd-rolrtu  Lk 
—  pd-mfa^  the  other  end,  the  other  boun- 
dary, Cs, ;  parmia-Tnld^  without  boundary, 
endless,  63$.  —  porpyogs  C,  =  pd-^a,  — pa- 
tsddy  pa-zddj  distance;  pa^Udd  big-na^  at  a 
small  distance  (from  the  town),  Pih.\  dt- 
nas  pa-zdd  big-^na^  a  bit  farther  on,  DzL\ 
pa-fsad  dig-tu  ^tdn-naSy  stepping  a  little 
aside,  Pth.;  pa-zdd  ^grd-ba,  to  go  on,  DzL 
frq.  —  pa-ri  the  mountain  on  the  other 
side.  — pd-rol,  in  B.  very  frq.  l.tbe  other 
side;  opposite  side,  counterparty.  2.  for  pd- 
rol'pa^  -nay  -tu  v.  below;  pd-roUlUy  over 
to  the  other  side,  shyd-ba,  to  carry,  pym- 
pa^  to  get  to  the  other  side,  esp.  in  re- 
ference to  the  Mahayana  doctrine  of  crossiag 
the  stream  of  time  to  the  shore  of  rest, 
of  Nirwana;  gen.  as  sbst.  =»  MKHt^lh  Dieans 
of  crossing  (  Was.  perfections,  Kopp.  cardinal- 
virtues);  gen.  six  of  them  are  reckoned: 
sbyin-pa^  tsul-Jcrims^  bzdd-pay  brtson-^ffriSj 
bsam-ytdiiy  ^es-rdb;  sometimes  only  five,  at 
other  times  even  ten,  by  adding  fabs^  smdn- 
lam,  stobsy  ye-^4s\  sbyin-paiy  ses-rdb-kyi pa- 
rol-tu  pyin-pay  to  have  stepped  over  or 
crossed  by  means  of  beneficence,  wisdom  etc. 
(or  more  naturally :  to  have  got  to  the  end 
of  beneficence  etc.,  to  have  fully  achieved, 
accomplished  it;  sbst.  the  full  accomplish- 
ment of  etc.).  —  pd -vol' nay  adv.,  on  the 
other  side;  postp.  e.  gen.  beyond,  behind^ 
with  regard  to  space,   Sambh,;  extending 


^ 


-vC  t%-4_ 


^T^  pa-gu 


«J 


S^  poff 


beyond,  both  as  to  the  future  and  the  past, 
e.  g.  bskdl-^a  grdns-medrpai  pd-roJrna^  in- 
numerable Ealpas  ago,  frq.;  pd-rol-pa^ 
1.  one  living  on  the  other  side.  2.  also  po^ 
enemy,  adversary,  pd-rol-pai  rgydl^o,  p'd- 
roUpai  dmag^  pd-rol-gyi  dmag-fsdgs^  the 
hostile  king,  hostile  army;  pa-rol  yndn-pay 
to  vanquish  the  enemy;  p'd-rol-gyis  mi 
tsugs^ar  ^^gyur-ba^  not  to  be  molested  by 
the  enemy.  3.  also  po^  the  other;  the  neigh- 
bour; pd-Tol-gyi  Un-pa^  to  take  away  the 
neighbour's  property;  pd-^ol-gyi  rdzas^  yo- 
bydd^nor^Stgr^pd-rolyndn-pa^  Tar,  12,20: 
excelling  others,  Schf.  exceedingly.  —  Of. 
also  par  and  pan  II. 
5n^  pd-gu,  Sch,  wall;  edge,  border;  in  two 

xi   passages  oiGlr.  the  latter  meaning 
does  not  suit  at  all,  and  the  former  not 
well;  rather:  tile;  v.  pag, 
«-&-•  pd'Hn,  W.^  sweet  dried  apricots,  in 

^  C.  ^na-ri-Mdnp-bu*^  in  Hind.  ^L^, 
in  Russia  hokhari^  bokJiarkiy  also  called 
Persian  fruit,  much  exported  from  Balti, 
Kabul,  and  other  countries  of  western  Asia. 
w-Sjr  por-Uly  pa  -  til  {Ar.  isJLy3)  W.,   lunt, 

^  match;  "dttg-be*^  to  light  (a  match). 
5rn-ff9ffrgf  pa-ba-dgo^d,  puff-ball,  bull- 
^  '^  '  fist  (a  kind  of  fungus)  Wdn. 
^gj^.  pa-bduy  Glr.  and  elsewh.,  6'.,  pa- 
Jn  Pth,,  BaL,  pa-ldn  Ld.,  a  large 
rock  or  block,  above  ground. 
zrnvT'  pcL-^driy  1.  bat  (animal)  L^.,  Thgr,^ 

^^  C\;  "^po-hn-hel'kyiy  por^an-an-kyiy 
-nr-KyC^^  W.,  * pa-wah-idr^ ^  Sik.^  id.(=  bya- 
wan).    2.  rdo  por^an^  Ssk.  salagrama,  am- 
monite. 
5^^  pd-^a,  1.  breeding-buck.— 2.  v.^dr-6a. 

«.--.  porrdn,  1.  also  pe-rdn,  =  *pi'lin*y 
C.y  Feringhi,  European.  —  2.  vulg. 
venereal  disease. 

ir^  porri  l.Lh.,  a  coarse  covering  or  carpet 
—  2.  a  mountain  on  the  other  side. 

^for  pd'la  SsL,  fruit,  Lt 

5f  QJ^'  pa-ldm,  rdo^e-pa-ldm,  diamond,  Lt 

q^  pa-U,  Shield,  buckler. 


he  changes 

with 


'  »    I  ^  Aj  I  colour,  turns  | 
consternation,  Ld, 

5jcn.  pag,  I.  v.  pag.  —  II.  in  B.  gen.  pdg- 
'  pa,  swine,  hog,  pig  (introduced  into 
C.  from  China,  and  largely  consumed;  in 
W.  somewhat  known  from  India,  "^ri-pag 
and  lun-pag*  being  distinguished  as  the  wild 
boar  and  the  tame  hog);  pdg-pai  sna,  Glr.; 
ru8-pay  Med.;  bbtid(f)  Lt;  pdg-gi  ydon,  a 
pig's  face,  Sambh.;  pd-pag,  not  castrated, 
pd'pagy  castrated  boar;  vvd-pag,  sow.  — 
pdg-KyUy  herd  of  swine.  —  pajg-mgo,  1 .  boar's 
head  (a  valued  protective  against  demons, 
it  being  hid  in  the  ground  under  the  thresh- 
old of  the  door).  2.  &.g.  fol.  26,  it  seems 
to  be  a  mineral  used  in  medicine.  —  pag- 
rgddj  wild  boar.  —  pag^mce,  tusks  of  a 
boar.  —  pag-fuhy  Sch.:  a  large  boar(?).  — 
pag-prug,  young  pig.  —  pag-ma,  Sch.y 
gelded  hog.  —  pdg-mOy  1.  sow.  2.  a  goddess 
V.  rdcMje.  —  pag^fsdhy  pig-sty.  —  pag- 
fsilj  hog's  lard;  bacon.  —  pag-tsogs  =  pag- 
Hyu.  —  pag-rdziy  swine-herd.  —  pag-z^y 
hog's  bristle,  Wdn.  — pag-yar-may  Sch.y 
the  fattening  of  pigs(?)  —  pag-rUy  pig's 
much(?)  Lt  —  pag-ha,  pork. 

III.  (C».pdg'md)y  something  hidden;  con- 
cealment: pdg-na  mi  ydd-pay  a  man  con- 
cealed behind,  DzL ,  pdg-gam  gnt  Hg-tUy 
in  a  comer,  in  obscurity,  DzL;  ^fsd-big 
pdg-la  yod^y  it  is  somewhat  hidden,  cannot 
be  seen  well  (from  this  place),  Ld.;  ^pdg- 
la  zd'h^y  to  eat  (dainties)  by  stealth,  W.\ 
nyi-ma  riipdg-tu  ^rdy  Thgy.,  the  sun  hides 
himself  behind  the  mountain;  sgo-pag-nas 
bltdS'pas,  to  watch,  spy,  lurk  behind  the 
door,  Glr.y  v.  also  ^db^pa;  pagnyan  tdn- 
be  W.y  to  listen.  —  yag-st^y  W.  ('a  hidden 
paring-axe'  v.  sti-po)  plane;  ^pag-sti  gydb- 
bCy  diidrcey  hrub-be*,  to  plane.  —  pag-fsdn, 
smuggling,  c6-tey  to  smuggle,  W.  *tdn'Kan*y 
smuggler,  W.  —  pag-ra,  parapet.  —  pag- 
rdgs^  rampart,  intrenchment.  —  pag-ldm, 
secret  path  (of  smugglers).  —  ^pag-^U^y 
bribery,  C,  W.;  ^pag-mg  tdn-ie*,  to  bribe; 
zd'bey  to  accept  a  bribe,  W. 


840 


fiPI'fiPj'  fog-pdg 


5J<3r^  pdn-^ 


aqrjwnrr  P^'-P^^  ^te  name  given  in  Pur. 

'  '  toCodAiOpsiitvata,  the  thick  roots 
of  iiehich  plant  are  cooked  like  turnips  or 
ground  and  baked;  v.  Idu-mdud. 
w-'  pan  I.  opan  (pan  -  ma,  pan  -bu  Cs) 
spindle;  pan- Id ^  l.tfae  whirl  of  the 
spindle.  2.  hih-rtai  pan4dy  waggon  wheel, 
Dzl. 

II.  V.  pan. 
Zjr'pSy  P^n-^ffrdy  Sch.^  the  belly  or  body 

'^   of  a  stringed  instrument. 
Sjr^n*  pdn-ba,  pans-pa  (Gb\  also  pdna-pa^ 

prov.)  to  save, to  spare,  to  use  economy : 

srog  to  spare  one's  life;  mp-pdns-te  or  -par 
e.g.  JbuUba^  to  give  largely,  not  sparingly; 
pdnsems^  thriftiness;  pdn'sems-bany  thrifty, 
frugal;  ^pah-sem  bo-b^,  W.,  to  be  thrifty, 
frugal. 

^^^  pan-ma^  a  medicinal  plant,  Med. 

w--^r'  pan^rnddy  stated  to  be  =  rin-m^d^  ^ 

fiJC'Sf  pan-lo  V.  pan  I. 
^(!!k  pan-m,  vertebrae?)  %. 

OT*  i^'<^.^  Ss^-5  ^^  unmeaning  sound,  fire- 
^  quently  used  in  magic  spells,  on  which 
subject  Milaraspa  speaks  rather  obstrusely. 
j^f^  pad,  a  large  bag  or  sack,  rds-pad,  rdl- 
'  pad,  rtsid'pad,  sack  of  cottou  cloth, 
goat's  hair,  yak's  hair;  pad-Hd,  -skM, 
-mfilf  the  mouth,  middle,  and  bottom  of  a 
sack;  pad-gdh,  a  full  sack,  a  sackful;  padr 
8tdn,  an  empty  sack ;  /dd-snaw,  sack-twioe, 
sack-cloth  ;jcyd-<8a,  very  coarse  sack-cloth. 
SJS\  P^''^  ^'  ^^^^">  hanging  ornaments,  lappets 
'  of  silk,  similar  to  the  decorations  of 
our  tent -cloths,  awnings  etc.,  ka-,  sgo-, 
ydun-pan,  on  pillars,  doors,  beams;  pan- 
ydugs,  a  parasol  so  decorated,  S.g, 

U.  =  pa  II.,  gen.  in  the  comliination  of 
pan-idd  (Glr.  also  pan-lod),  also  pdn-la 
or pa/n,  towards,  until:  dd-di-nas  dd-lta  pan- 
la  dar  Hg  son,  from  'but  just'  till  'just 
now'  a  moment  has  passed,  Thgy,\  nd-nin- 
rms  da  pan-Md  lo  yHg  son,  Thgyr,  *da 
pan*,  until  now,  C;  ...  nas  din -sail  pan 
(-la)  Glr.  from ...  till  now ;  pyi-ma  pan- 


cddndu  ^d-bayin,  I  am  proceeding  towards 
the  future,  Thgy.\  pan-Md  also  btyooii:  *di 
pfn-^e  ma  do*  C.  do  not  go  any  farther 
than  that  place;  combined  with  itsycontrary 
fsun:  pan-tsun(-du)  grd-ba^  to  walk  to  ud 
fro,  there  and  back;  to  walk  past,  frq.; 
pan*fsun-du  ptd-ba,  to  push  bither  and 
thither,  Glr.\  pan-tsun  mf&n-pai  ytam^ 
assurances  of  mutual  friendship,  Gbr.]panr 
tsun  yhig-gis  ycig-la  yi-ge  ytdn-ba,  pyag 
byed-pa,  ynod-pa  byM-pa,  mutual  corres- 
pondence, m.  greetings,  m.  encroachment; 
pan-tsun  sdur-ba  sdAbs-pa,  to  compare  with 
one  another,  to  mix  one  with  the  other, 
Zam.',  ynyis-ynyis-dag  pan-fsun^gyi  Jra- 
bat  yi-ge,  two  equal  letters  (a,  a  etc.)  at  a 
\imtGram%:  ma-pdn^  ^am  pan-tsvn-da 
on  each  of  the  two  shores  of  lake  Ma-pan, 
Mil.;  donpanr-tsdn  bsdunrgyu  ydd-pa,  cor- 
relative terms,  having  reciprocal  relation, 
*  Gram. :  pan-ts^n  for-ba,  to  scatter,  to  lfi$- 
perse;  pan-fsun-dag,  Cs.,  both  parties, 
in.  V.  the  following  articles. 

Sj^Par  pdn-ddl  W.  kettle,  pot  (of  tbned 

'  ^      copper,  the  common  cooking-vessd 

in  Tibet  and  India,  having  the  shape  of 

a  broad  urn);  in  C.  *zans('buy.  Pen.  wad 

Hd.  ^^^j  (dSgbi)]  pan-lSun,  a  small 
vessel  of  that  kind. 

Z^^Zv  pdn-pa  I.  vb.  to  be  useful:  de  m 
'  bdag-la  mi  'pan,  that  is  no  more  of 
use  to  me;  pdn-pa/r  mi  ^gyur,  it  will  be 
of  no  use;  bu  ^dis  nd-la  pan-par  dka,  this 
son  will  hardly  be  useful  to  me,  Gbr.;  pdn- 
par  dgd-ba-mamsy  such  as  vmh  to  make 
themselves  useful,  they  who  are  ready  to 
serve,  Thgy. ;  bgrdd-lapan,  useful  for  learn- 
ing to  walk,  Lt",  nod  kun-la  panrpayin^ 
that  is  good  for  all  diseases,  Lt. ;  nai  nod- 
la  pdn-pa  yin^as,  because  I  have  recovered, 
Glr.;  *pan  son*,  it  has  helped,  it  has  got 
better;  . . .  na  pan,  if  ... ,  then  I  shall  get 
well,  Glr.;  pdn-pa  Hg  srid,  recovery  might 
be  possible,  Pth.;  mi  pan,  it  is  useless,  = 
hurtful;  also:  it  is  not  enough.  Mil.;  mi  pdn- 
par  ^ddd-pa  fams-ddd,  all  the  malevolent, 
Doman :  M-la  pan,  lit.  'it  is  a  mere  en- 


i 


M3.24^-^  ju<^t>^,  ^-b^iJ  [oo^^^y^ 


t*-~  Jr 


341 


fijq-q-  p'db^a 


SR'CI'  ^dlrpa 


joyment  of  the  mouth',  i.  e.  an  outward, 
temporary  enjoyment  or  advantage;  hence 
pdn-pa  and  p'an-pa  yin-puy  adj.,  useful: 
pdfirpcn  don,  a  useful  thing,  valuable  pos- 
session, frq.;  bdag  nyon-mdna-pa-las  pan- 
pad  dan  med,  after  aU  it  is  of  no  use  to 
me  in  my  misery,  DzL ;  bslab-bya  pan-pai 
fyiffy  a  wholesome  instructive  word,  Glr,; 
pan-pai  gr6s,  useful  advice,  DzL 

II.  shst.  use,  benefit,  profit:  batdn-pa-la 
pdn'pa  hg  byed-pa,  Stg.;  pan^-ynod-mid" 
pa^  bringing  neither  profit  nor  harm,  Mil,; 
pdn-pa  dan  bdi-ba,  pan-bde  happiness  and 
blessing,  very  frq. ;  pan-^ddgs-pa^  pan-^ddgs 
byed'pa,  to  be  Of  use,  and  adj.  profiteble, 
frq.;  pan-fdga,  profit;  pan-fdgs  be,  Thgy., 
*8^  -  7710*,  W.,  very  profitable; ...  /a  pan 
gah  fogs  gyisy  render  services  to  ...  in  every 
way  possible!  Milr,  pan -grogs  a  helping 
(useful)  friend,  Pth,;  pan-yndd,  profit  and 
loss,  pan-bdd  v.  above ;  pan-zds,  wholesome 
diet,  Med.]  pan-y&n,  benefit,  blessing,  as  a 
reward  for  a  meritorious  action,  frq.;  pan- 
ipai)  sems,  benevolence,  readiness  to  help. 

SJ/TCr  P^^^'>  !•  ^'  bSs-pa,  —  n.  Sch. : 

to  fall  down(?> 
aqw*  pabsy  1.  dry  barm  (prepared  for  inst 

in  Balti,  is  said  to  consist  of  flour, 
mixed  with  some  ginger  and  aconite).  — 
2.  lees,  yeast  (of  beer). 

fiJ^CJ*  pdm-pa  V.  jpdni-pa. 

^if^  pau  Y.  pag. 

MjT  par  I.  sbst.  interest  (of  money),  W.: 
*n&l-la  par  kdl-de*,  to  impose,  demand 
*mterest,  *ddl-ce*y  to  pay  interest;  exchange, 
agio. 

II.  in  later  writings  and  col.  for  pa  II. ; 
also  for  pan-Md,  pa-zdd:  farther;  par  ^6- 
buy  to  go  on ;  par  Jcydm-pa,  to  roam  far- 
ther and  farther,  Thgy.;  *pdr-tsam*y  C,  = 
var\  par  ^gro  fsur  ^6-ba-i*nams,  people 
going,  travelling,  hither  and  thither;  away, 
off:  di-nas  par,  away  from  here;  par  mi 
rniio,  I  do  not  go  away,  Dzl.  ^^,  6  (Sch. 
erron.  'to  the  father');  par  bhidy  go  away!; 
. . .  ia  par  Ita-iay  to  look  (in  a  certain  di- 


rection) Mil,  away  from  one's  self^  as  opp. 
to :  ran-rig-s^ms-la  fsur  Itd-ba,  to  look  into 
one's  own  heart  MU,;  glu  pdr-big  (sur-big 
Ufir^ay  alternative  song.  Mil]  pdr-slob  fsur- 
slob  yin,  they  are  mutually  scholars  one  of 
the  other,  Tar. ;  par  ytig  Idb-na  fsur  ynyis 
rgoly  if  you  say  one  word  'towards  her',  she 
gives  you  smartly  a  double  charge  back, 
MU. ;  par-fsur-lay  W,  also  =  *so-scfr,  in  op- 
posite directions;  *par-fsur-la  bo-b^  to  se- 
parate vb.  a. ;  *clo-ce*,  to  separate  vb.  n. 

Comp.  pdr-ka,  Thgy,  pdr-ka  =  pd-^roly 
the  opposite  side  (ofa  valley  &.)  vulgo  frq. 
—  par-nos,  id,  hii  par -fsur- gyi -lam,  — 
par-pyin  abbreviation  for  pd-roUtu  pyin- 
pa  V.  pa-rol,  pa  II.  Mil,  —  *p'dr-tsam*y 
C,y  =  pa-zdd,  —  par-^dzug  and  tsur-^gdl 
prob.  =  shd-TijOl  and  pyi-rgol.  —  par-zdd 
=  pa-zdd,  — par -la,  \,^par,  away.  On- 
ward, Schr.  2.  =  pa-rol-iu,  na,  esp.  with 
regard  to  time :  vulgo  to  ybig  pdr-la,  after 
one  year;  W.  esp.  after  the  gerund  in  nas: 
*zan  z6s-ne  pdr-la*,  after  dinner.  —  pdr- 
lam,  way  or  joumey  thither,  Sp.  ni  f. 
ZV^^'  pdr-bay  I.  l.wild  dog  (barks,  and 
commits  its  ravages  like  the  wolf, 
yet  being  afraid  of  man)  in  Ld,  —  2.  wolf 
6'.,  also  par-spydn,  II.  v.  jpdr-ba, 

^^'5^'  par-^rdzds,  Sch,,  an  old  hoir-loom. 

SJOy  P^  ^-^  ^^'  1-  ^pal  ^os-se  (pi  te)  duf, 
step  aside!  malce  way!  —  2.  ^pal-pdl 
M-be*y  to  feel  flattered.  II.  v.  the  following. 
wq-q-  pal-pa,  usual,  common;  pal-pai  min, 
his  usual  (common)  name,  Thgr,\ 
p'dlrpa-las  pags-par  bzdn-ba,  a  more  than 
ordinary  beauty  Dzl,;  mi  or  gan-zdg pdU 
pay  common  people,  Mil,',  f son-pal- mams 
bdr-ro,  they  left  the  common  tradespeople 
behind,  Dzl,;  pdl-pai  rdzas  v,  Jdl-ba;  Hn 
pdlmamSy  common  trees,  MiL;  snod  pdl- 
pa,  common  vessels,  Mil,;  pal,  the  com- 
mon people;  pdl-gyi  ndn-na  ynds-pa,  to 
live  among  the  people  DzL;pal-gyis  rgydb- 
nas  ded  pdl-gyis  bskdr-te,  the  people  run- 
ning after  and  crowding  round  him,  Ptii.; 
*pal-(pat)  skad*,  1.  PT.  the  language  of 
common  life,  opp.  to  *}lds-skad^,  book-Ian- 


342 


CJQTW^  p'dl'ban 


SJ 


S0  jf&^ 


guage  (C.  Hdl'ke'*),  2.  Sch.:  rough-copy, 
waste-book;  pdl-po-  (Cs,  also  -mo)  ce^  a  host, 
a  troop ;  mi-rgdd  paUpo-ce  zig^  a  troop  or 
set  of  monsters  (v.  rgdd-pa  11.) ;  gen.  like 
01  noXXoiy  the  mass  of  the  people,  majo- 
rity, great  part  or  number;  pal-ce-ba  id.  — 
pal-cen,  a  philosophers'  school,  called  Ma- 
hasanghika.  —  pal  -  S^,  manifold,  for  the 
most  part,  ordinarily,  also  =  universally;  pal- 
?^'  co^'ih  ^degS'80,  they  raised  a  general 
lamentation  Dzl. 
Zjor^  P^^'^^'^  W;,  broad,  wide,  eg.  a 

'   broad  valley;  pal-mid^  narrow. 
S3^  //as,  instrum.  of/>a,  I.  by  the  father; 
V.  also  paS'Spuriy  sab  aptm,  II.  of  the 
opposite  side,  of  the  counter-party,  e.g.  pas 
rffdl'ba, 

g-  pi^  1.  num.  figure  44.  —  2.  W,  ioT  pyi^ 
pi-pa  for  pyi-pa, 

^'^^'  pi-ker  (Urdu  Ji,  Ar.  reflexion)  W. 

*can  pi-ker  med*  -  ban  mi  sto  it  is  no  mat- 
ter, it  makes  no  difference. 

^w^C  pirlin  V.  under  rgya. 

^'  pin,  Sch,:  1.  earthen -ware  pitcher.  — 
2.  cup,  cupping-glass.  —  3.  W.:  *sg6- 
pin*^  door-hinge. 

^•q-  pin^a  V.  gC'q-;  Z^'^\    ^'^' 

V.  C^^'^' 

^^CI'  //^r-Aa,  "pir-be*  W,  to  fall  down. 

^  jcn^  numerical  figure:   74. 

j^  pu,  I.  sbst.  1.  the  upper  part  of  an  as- 
^  cending  valley  or  ravine ;  pu  bar  mdo 
(or  fnda),  the  upper,  middle,  and  lower 
part  of  such  a  valley ; /m-ce^,  mountain-tor- 
rent, frq.;  pur  ma  ^ro,  pu  yd-gir  ma  ^o, 
Glr.^  do  not  go  to  the  upper  part  of  the 
valley,  pu-Uidgs,  higher  situated  and  colder 
places  or  districts,  opp.  to  rgya-hdd,  lower 
and  milder  parts.  The  not  unfrequent 
phrase:  pu-fdg  ycdd-pa  or  ^od-pa  was 
'  traced  by  our  Lama  to  its  original  mean- 
ing: the  upper  part  of  the  valley  is  shut 


up  (with  snow  etc.),  which  is  now  used  in 
a  general  sense;  Urul-bai  pu-fdg  ^Sody  Aft7., 
prob.  shut  out  all  error,  prevent  every  mis- 
take! jm-fa^-?<W-/t^8-A^"  ?05  Mg,  MU.  seems 
to  be  an  instruction  for  making  a  decision ; 
na  rgdS'pa  dan  sems  kyi  pu-fdg  156d-pas 
^6-ba  mi  ydn-bar  ^dug^  prob.:  I  being 
old  and  my  spiritual  affairs  settled  (not  call- 
ing for  further  improvement),  shall  prob- 
ably not  travel  any  more  (to  India;  but 
you  may  do  so)  MU,  cf.  pugs,  —  pu-pa, 
the  inhabitant  of  an  elevated  valley.  Fig.: 
pu  yyo  mda  dkrug,  there  is  agitation  above 
and  below,  the  higher  and  the  lower  fa- 
culties of  the  mind  are  troubled,  excited, 
Mil,  —  2.  prop.  n.  Pu,  e.  g.  a  village  in 
Upper  Kunawar,  missionary  station  of  the 
Church  of  the  United  Brethren.  —  3.  vulgo 
the  spirit  or  gaseous  element  of  liquors,  caus- 
ing them  to  foam,  effervesce  or  explode, 
cf.  dimgs;  perh.  to  be  referred  to  no.  II. 

n.  interjection  and  imitative  sound:  pu 
JUbs-pa  Glr,,  *pu  gydb-be*  W.,  to  make 
pooh,  to  blow,  to  puff,  to  inflate;  pu  skon^ 
puff  it  up  (the  skin  etc.),  lit:  fill  it  with 
pooh!  jmsj  with  the  breath;  pus  ^dAs-pa 
Sch.  to  blow,  howl,  cry(?);  sna^rtsa-pu,  n. 
of  a  disease,  Lt 
'  ^f-cr-  pu-dun,  also  pu-tu'h  Glr.,  pu-run 
^0  Cs.,  sleeve;  *pu-rdzus*  C.  (false  slee- 
ves), pu-dicn-  (or  -tun-)  rtse  (sleeve-edges) 
hand-ruffles;  mittens,  cuffs  (to  keep  the  wrist 
warm). 

5j-rc'  pu'dud,  honour,  respect,  esteem;  pu- 
^  nJ  ^  dud-du  by  id-pay  Glr,,  pud-du  Uiir- 
ba,  S,g,y  to  show  honour,  respect. 

w-q.  pu-ba,  pf.  of  J)iid-pa^  to  blOW ,  col. 
^       used  for  the  latter. 
w-'J^    ^1?  /to-6o,  p6-bo,  (Sch,  nlsopun)j 
^     '  a  man's  elder  brother:  piMiu, 

the  elder  and  the  younger,  i.  e.  the  two 
brothers;  also  the  elder  and  the  younger 
sons  (for  examples  refer  to  tsan-ddn);  in 
the  passage  of  Dzl  :?©sS,  14,  nu  ought  to 
be  canceled,  and  pu-nu-Tno,  2/nS,  6-  9« 
should  be  translated  by  sister-in-law.  jw- 
grds,  Sch.y  the  elder  brothers,  dab. 


^  '  vulg.)  pigeon;  puHr&n-gyi  Icyu  Pth,\ 
pug^deyd  Sch.  of  a  light  blue  colour,  like 
pigeons. 

STOJ'  ^0^  jhi'la^  pd'la  Ld.  (from  the 
^      '  Turkish),  pilaw,  a  dish  of  boil- 

ed rice,  with  butter  and  dried  apricots. 
^^PR  purUd  hoopoe. 

Z^^  pu-se^  mouse,  SOUSlik  and  similar  ro- 
^  dent  quadrupeds  (cf.  bra). 
OTT  P^y  1-  =;%8.  —  2.  =  slugs,  pliff^a; 
^  Igdn-pug-gany  the  bladder,  in  reference 
to  its  capaciousness,  S,g*;  w^e  pug-fu  nvh, 
the  penis  recedes  into  its  cavity,  Wdn.;  the 
eye  of  a  needle,  Lt  —  3.  pf.  and  imp.  of 
Jmg-pa,  —  4  ^  puh  Schr.  —  5.  for  pug- 
roriy  q.v. 

Sjqrcj'  P^9'V^y  cavern;  brag-pug ^  rock-ca- 
"^  '  vera,  grotto;  gad-pug,  cavern  in  a 
steep  river-bank,  or  in  conglomerate;  dhert" 
fugy  the  solitary  cavern  of  an  anchorite, 
Ma,\  pug -pa-pa,  n.  of  an  astronomer  of 
the  15  th.  century,  v.  pad -ma;  pug-rtm, 
and  likewise  pug -lugs  Wdn,,  his  calcula- 
tions. 

OTT^yr  pug-rdn  v.  pu-r&n. 

OTT-flq'^o^'  mf-^ub-he-le  (?)  W,,  hoopoe; 
^  '  >]  '  perh,  =pu-hud,  which  occa- 
sionally is  also  spelled  pu-yhid 
OTj/^n-  J%Wj  (cognate  to  pu;  also  Jxiig- 
^  '^  ^  pa  and  sbu^s),  end,  termination; 
pug-mda-fug-pai  Idn-ka,  the  entrails,  the 
beginning  and  end  of  which  lie  close  to- 
gether, Mil  (mda,\,  under  jc^);  innermost 
part,  an  innermost  apartment,  =  sbugs;  pugs- 
kyi  nor  v.  %go  init. ;  perh.  also  piig-gi  spa- 
rim  Itd'bu  Glr.  45,  4  may  be  referable  to 
this  meaning,  s^ms-kt/i  puga-fag  ^od-pas 
bde,  happy  (am  I),  because  the  final  aim 
of  my  mind  is  decided  and  settled,  Mil,, 
evidently  =  pa-fag  iod-pa,  the  former  being 
perh.  etymologically  more  correct.  Simi- 
larly: bu  tae  Jtii  bU-pugs  ^ds-la  ytdd-cig 
Mil,  may  the  boy  direct  the  aim  of  his 
mind  for  this  life  unto  religion!  —  Time 
to  come,  futurity,  (opp.  to  ^pral,  the  present 
moment);  pugs-su,  ptcgs-na,  hereafter,  at 


343 


Sl^pud 


last,  ultimately  (Sch.  always?);  pugs-H  ^dra 
tig  ^on,  how  will  it  end?  what  will  be  the 
final  issue?  Glr. 

MTOTC-  pugs-ta,  pdgs-ta,  pogs-ta,  W.  (Pers. 
^Ji^),  firm,  strong,  durable;  p'ugs- 

V 

ta  btsemsy  sew  it  well  (so  that  it  will  hold)! 
^C'^'  piih'pa  V.  pun-pa. 

5fC''2f  T^^-V^-i  1-  heap;  pUn-por  spun-ba, 
^  Lex.  also  bb^-ba,  to  gather  into  a 

heap;  nds-pun,  rUd-pun,  ludrpufiy  sd-purij 
a  heap  of  barley,  hay,  dung,  earth;  mass, 
me-mur-gyi ptiH-po,  a  glowing  mass,  a  mass 
of  fire;  sprin-pun,  clouds,  a  gathering  of 
clouds  Glr.;  ynyh*-mad  pUh-po  (the  skin 
becomes)  a  heap  of  wrinkles,  Thgy.;  the 
body  is  called  mi-ytsdn-ba  mdm-pa  sna- 
fs6gs-kyi  pun-po,  dug  ysiim-gyi  pun-po,  jig- 
pai  piin-po,  zin-pai  pun-pOy  Thgy.;  accu- 
mulation, mass,  bsod-nams-kyi,  ios-kyiy  e.g. 
c6s-kyi  pun-po  U^'^^^^y  the  whole  mass  of 
the  h4  000  religious  lectures  of  Buddha  (!) 
Mil.  —  2.  In  metaphysics:  ^QRi^,  the  80- 
called  five  aggregates  (Cs.)  or  elements  of 
being,  viz.  yzugs,  fs&r-ba^  ^du-ses,  ^du-byid, 
mam-kh,  (v.  Kopp.  I.  602,  and  esp.  Bum. 
1. 475  and  511),  which  in  the  physical  pro- 
cess of  conception  unite,  so  as  to  form  a 
human  individual  or  the  body  of  a  man, 
(pun-po  Ina-las  grub-pai  lus  Wdn.)  which 
by  some  of  the  later  and  more  popular  wri- 
ters is  itself  called  pUn-po.  So  this  word, 
as  being  synonymous  to  Im,  has  found  its 
way  into  the  language  of  the  people,  and 
not  in  a  low  sense,  in  as  much  as  one  of 
our  Christian  converts  used  the  expression : 
ye-hui  pun-po  dur-kun-ne  zens.  —  3.  Syrab. 
num.  for  5. 

^C'^  puh-ba  V.  Q^Cq'  ^puii-ba. 

IMir  pud,  sbst.  I.  (v.  ^pud-pa,  pf.  pud),  a 
^  ^  thing  set  apart,  used  particularly  of 
the  first-fruits  of  the  field,  as  a  meat-  or 
drink-offering,  in  various  applications :  zas- 
Mn-gi  pud  meat-  and  drink-offering  Glr. ; 
fdg-pud,  Id -pud,  an  offering  of  the  first- 
fruits  of  harvest;  sj^-pud  id.,  consisting' 
of  ears  of  corn,  wound  round  a  pillar  of 


344 


.^,//,.J>.;,,.y,-!i 


«I 


l^fJ^^-rdrf* 


tbe  bouse;  ban-pud ,  first-fruit  offering  of 
the  bam;  rdd-jmdy  sd-fiudy  an  offering  of 
stones  or  earth,  when  a  house  is  built,  these 
materials  then  being  used  for  manufacturing 
images  of  gods,  Glr.;  initiatory  present,  e.g. 
the  first  produce  of  a  work,  that  has  been 
committed  to  one  Glr,  (so,  according  to  cir- 
cumstances, it  may  be  as  much  as  a  spe- 
cimen) ;  in  a  general  sense,  a  thing  done  for 
the  first  time;  bag-mat  jhuiy  prob  the  first 
cohabitation.  —  II.  for  pu  -  dun  and  pur- 
dud^^  q.v. 

^^'CT  pud-pay  I.  pf.  of  ^bud-pa. 

II.  Cs.  sbst.  1.  sprndie  covered  with  yam. 
—  2.  hair-l(not,  tuft  of  hair;  pud-cariy  being 
provided  with  such  a  one. 

plete,  possessing  every  requisite  quality,  e.g. 
dgdn-pay  a  hermit's  dwelling;  excellent,  ex- 
quisite, distinguished,  e.g.  ro^  taste,  bmyen- 
bkuVy  distinctions,  marks  of  honour  il/iZ., 
nor  dan  lonsspt/od  Doman ;  adv.  dg4-ba  btu 
pun-sum-tsdffs-par  spyddrpa,  DzLy  to  prac- 
tise the  ten  virtues  to  perfection.  —  2.  sbst. 
perfection,  excellence,  superior  good,  frq.;^a- 
rdl-poi  pun-sum-^dgs-pa-la  bdga-pa  to  covet 
the  excellent  things  which  another  posses- 
ses, Tfigy,  —  3.  pun-tsdgsy  frequent  name 
for  males  and  females. 
aa'  P^  ^'  shield,  buckler,  Glr.^  of  a  con- 
^  vex  shape,  with  the  rim  bent  round ;  ko- 
puby  a  leather  buckler;  ptib-subsy  the  cover 
of  a  i)uckler,  Cs.;  pub-kyi  mS-hny  the  centre 
of  the  shield,   C«,  —  2.  v.  the  following. 

^^Vi'  pub-pay  pf.  of  Jbiib-pa. 


Cjn'Sj*  pub-may  short  straw;  pub-ma  zigy 
^  small  stalk,  a  bit  of  chaff;  ^pub-m 


a 
^pub-ma 

tdb-ce  or  tab  tdh-ce*y  to  fan,  to  winnow; 
pub-ldir  Cs.y  chaff;  grd-jhib,  wheat-straw. 

^$r^^'  pum-pumy  posterior,  anus  Peh. 

SJX^  />wr  1.  v.  ^  —  2.  V.  ^pur-ba.  —  3.  v. 
^      pur-pa, 

q^'CT  pur-pa,  peg,  pin,  nail ;  rtsig-pur  Sckr.y 
^  *pur^a  or  5a*  (?)  ^.,  a  peg  on  a 


wall,  to  hang  up  things ;  lidgs-ffur,  iron  nail ; 
kin-pur y  wooden  peg;  pur-myi  V.  myiy  pwr- 
bhi  brkydh-ba  to  fasten  the  hands  and  feet 
of  a  culprit  to  four  pegs  driven  into  the 
ground,  when  he  is  to  undergo  the  punish- 
ment of  the  rkyan-kiriy  v.  rkyoh-ba.  2.  iron 
instrument  in  the  form  of  a  short  dagger, 
used  for  expelling  evil  spirits,  and  fancied 
to  possess  great  power,  ScM,  257;  sd-pur 
^dibs-pay  to  stick  such  a  dagger  into  the 
ground,  whereby  the  subterranean  demons 
are  kept  off;  fig.  mig  j^r-^gs-BU  Ud-ha 
Glr.y  to  look  at  one  with  a  piercing  glwace 
of  the  eye;  ^Iha-la  sdl-wa  pur-tsug-tu  jdA- 
pcf  C.y  to  implore  a  god  very  earnestly. 
pur-bu  1.  =  pur-pa;  the  usual  form  of  in- 
cantation is :  pur-bus  yddb-boy  fd-bas  brdun- 
nOy  pydg-rgyas  mndn-fw!  2.  (yzd)  jfur-buy 
the  planet  Jupiter;  its  day:  Thursday. 
Zjx^n"  pur-bay  ScL:  to  emboSS;  pur^ma  or 
^  ^bur-ma,  relief  work,  embossment  — 
2.  to  scratch,  v.  ^pur-ba;  mgo-puTy  n.  of  a 
disease  Lt 

9^3*  J^^"^'  ^-  'iDder  pur-pa. 

Zjx^gr  J^^-w«5  V.  pur-ba.  —  2.  pye-mai 


flag. 


pur-may  a  decoration  resembling  a 


;g;^- JJ^ /nir-mo,  a  medicament  Wdn.;  pur- 
^  fdlf  S.g. 

aor  P^^  ^*  ^  handful,  also  pul-gduy  e.g.  of 
^  corn,  Dzl.y  beer  Lt  (in  which  case 
=  skyor),  —  2.  end?  only  in  the  phrase: 
pul'tu  pyin-pay  to  reach  the  highest  degree, 
to  be  victorious ,  to  have  the  better  of  an 
argument;  yi-gei  sgrd-la  p'ul-tu  pyiUy  he  has 
finished  his  studies  in  grammar,  Glr.;  mllds- 
pai  piil-tu  pytn-par  gyur-tOy  he  became  a 
great  scholar,  Pth.;  also pul-(tu)  byun(-ba)y 
accomplished,  perfect,  eminent  iS.^.;p.n.  = 
a-ti-ka.  —  3.  pul-caUy  thick  =  *r6m-po*  Ld. 

^O^'l^pulrba  V.  ^pul-ba  and  Jbulrba. 

'^  pe  1.  W.  for  pye;  pe-ku-Ugy  key.  —  2. 
num.  figure:  104. 

h'XQ'    Cf^C'  P^ "  ^^^*  ?  P^  '  ^^  >  F*™9W> 
'  Europeans,  C. 

^PV^Qi' peg-rdob  v.  under  peb-pa. 


^ped 


Sc'    hsr  P^p^  W,  ioT pyed^  pyen;  ped- 

' '  '  ped  V.  pyad-^ad. 
wq-q-^fr^a,  1.  pf.  pebs^  resp.  to  go  C\;  to 
come  C.  and  W.;  also  ifcu/  (or  pyoff)- 
fkb-pa;  8carcelyinancientlit.,but  (rZr.,  Pth.y 
Mil. ;  *nyi-rdn'la  pib-lon  yod-nd!^  W .,  if  you 
have  time  to  come;  *^o^nd  ghd-le  peb*  C, 
well,  good  bye!  *dha  sd-hib  peb*y  id.  in 
speaking  to  a  European;  ^ay  ^eb  iu  nan 
V,  mdn-ba  I.  extr.;  p^y-par  mwd-ba  Schr.^ 
to  salute;  Sch.  also:  to  speak  politely  (??); 
pib-par  ^dff^a,  ScA.,  to  rise  gracefully,  to 
walk  decently  (?);  ^^b-sgo  Itar  Sch.:  'ac- 
cording to  the  given  order',  but  cf.  ^o- 
sgo  Uar  uuder  sgo  3;  j^Sb-rdoy-pa  *to  tramp 
arrival',  to  go  to  welcome  a  high  Lama  or 
other  honoured  person  on  his  arrival  with 
dance  and  music  C,  Leauc.;  Cs.  however 
mentions  peg-rddb  as  a  musical  instrument, 
'a  small  brazen  plate  for  music',  and  in 
Stg.  the  same  word  occurs  along  with  sU- 
bmydn,  —  2.  for  Jbab;  so  it  seems  to  be 
used,  Lt :  tit/r^u  mi  pebs ;  fd-bar  mi  pebs^ 
it  won't  go  down  his  throat. 
^q«j9^-6a  to  be  able  MU.nt^  cf.  also 
dod;  Cs,:  *to  become,  to  be  fit'  etc. 

Wpo  I.  num.  figure:  134, 

n.  man,  opp.  to  woman,  male,  po  lo 
Ind-bbur-pay  men  of  the  age  of  fifty  (opp. 
to  bu-mo  lo-gnyis-ma)  Ma,;  po  m^&r-po^  a 
handsome  man  (opp.  to  bud-^mid  m^dr-md) 
tVL;  as  a  pleonastic  apposition  to  the  pers. 
pron.,  like  mt,  MU,;  common  in  C:  ^po^hd!^^ 
I  (masc.)  =  Ud-bo ;  esp.  in  reference  to  ani- 
mals: male,  he  (ass),  cock  (bird),  Dzl.  and 
elsewh.;  as  apposition  to  the  names  of  do- 
mestic animals  when  castrated  :j5o-r^,  geld- 
in|;  rd-po,  a  castrated  he-goat  —po^kyis, 
man,  male  person,  Pth.  —  po-gds^  man's 
dress,  man's  coat;  po-cdSy  Mil  id.  (?)  — 
po-}^  Wt8.j  ScLy  gelding,  —  po-td  Bcd.^ 
stallion.  — po-rtdgs  1.  Physiol,  =po-mtsdn. 
2.  Gram. :  sign  for  the  masculine  gender, 
Gi. — j^nddy  I.  W.  andromany,  inordinate 
desire  after  men.  2.  v.  p6-ha.  — po-md^  man 
and  woman,  men  and  women,  male  and 
female;  po-rnd  med^  no  difference  of  sex 


^  34» 

exists,  po-fs^*  Baly  male  sex.  — po-mUany  c 
membrum  virile,  man's  yard,  e^p.  the  penis; 
the  rather  vague  expression  po-mUdn  (or 
po-rtdgs)  bddd-pa  is  asserted  to  apply  not 
to  castration  (ScAr.),  but  only  to  oircum- 
cision  (which,  however,  is  not  generally 
known  in  Tibet,  Mussulmans  being  found 
only  in  some  of  the  larger  cities  of  the 
country).  —  po-yan  Sch.  and  po-ran  Cs., 
po-hran  6\,  an  unmarried  man.  — '  ^po^* 
W.y  *po-T^  C.  a  male  kid.  —  j^o-lhi,  1. 
tutelary  deity  of  a  man's  right  side  (ni  f.) 
Glr.  2.  Cs.:  Sir,  as  polite  address,  —  (Ob- 
servation: The  circumstance  of  ^conso- 
nants of  the  alphabet  and  the  prefix-letteiii 
being  divided  by  Tibetan  grammariapa  into 
masculine,  feminine  and  neutejr,  is  of  no 
practical  moment:  careful  investigations  on 
that  head  have  been  made  by  Schieiher  and 
Lepsius). 

in.  V.  pd^so. 
^56|-  l^o-gydg  Sch.  (perh.  j^o^d  v,  jy<v 

^  '  mo\  hollow  tjla. 
^A'  pd-nya^  less  ir({. 'pd-nya-ba  (Ssk.  Wfl), 

^  I.  messenger,  e.g.  sent  for  a  physician; 
'pd-nya  ytdh-ba^  pd-nyor^mndg-pa^  to  send, 
dispatch  a  messenger;  brtd-ba^  Cs.  to  re- 
ceive one  (?)  —  2.  ambassador,  envoy,  —  3. 
Passages  like  yHn-r)ei  pd-vya  messenger 
of  death,  angel  of  death,  and  bd^-ba-ian^ 
gyi  pd-nyay  honourable  epithet  of  a  king, 
that  is  looked  upon  as  a  demi-god  (sinu- 
larly  to  ayyeXog  xov  noQadeiaov)  suffi- 
ciently justify  the  application  of  the  word 
to  the  scriptural  notion  of  angel,  which  may 
be  rendered  still  more  intelligible  by  adding 
ndm-mHaif  Chr.  P.  (P.  Georgi  retains  the 
Italian  angelo^  spelling  it  an-Jbye^W).  Bud- 
dhist mythology  has  no  available  type  for 
it,  and  Iha  (fis.)  could  only  be  made  use 
of,  if  already  whole  generations  of  the  Ti- 
betan nation  had  become  Christians. 

^^  po-md  Bal.  for  purnu. 

g^q*  pd'ba  (resp.  sku-fog  Cs.)  1.  stimach 

—  2.  the  second  cavity  of  the  stomach 

or  reticulum  of  ruminating  animals  (cf.  grdd- 

pa),  po-ba  l)id'pa,  Cs.  to  overcharge  the 

22* 


346 


^45*^*  p6-ba-ri 


^ 


^•q-  i^ir^a 


stomach,  to  clog;  kdl-ba  Cs.  to  purge,  to 
cleanse ;  po-bai  Ka  Ci.,  the  upper  orifice  of 
the  stomach,  joining  the  oesophagus;  po- 
nan^  a  weak  st.,  bzan^  a  good.,  sound  st.  Cs, 
—  'po^tir^  swag-belly  5cA.;po-nad,  disorder 
of  the  st . —  2.  V.  ^0,  above. 

II.  pf.  of  ^ba  for  pos  Glr, 
^pr^p^-ba-ri^  also  -m  or  po-ris  Lt^  black 
pepper;  the  col.  form:  po^a-ril-bu 
'atomachic  pills'  prob.  is  merely  a  popular 
etymology  (similar  to  the  English  'sparrow 
grass',  corrupted  from  asparagus). 
^qj--j5o-ftrrfn  resp.  for  kdn^a,  hoiise,  dwel- 
^  ling;  often  also  implying  hall,  casUe, 
palace,  B.  and  col.;  slei 'pchbrahy  the  castle 
(palace)  of  L^. 

3^3^  j^o-/^j8  Schr.  red  paint;  dun-la  po- 
fsds  bskus'pa^  red  paint  put  on  a 
shell  Pth.\  po-fsoB-tsal  Pth. 

^K^  p(hris  V.  po-ba-ri. 

^S(m  po-rdg^  raven,  perh.  also  crew;  cf. 
'  Mwd'ta;  po-rog-mig.  medicinal  herb, 
Wdn. 

^Or,    g-Or  p^la,  pu-la  W.,  V.  pd-la, 
^Ql^'^o-/ad  W.  steel,  Pen,  jj^,  jj^.-* 
^fifSJt'  p(hlo-lin  W,  peppermint 

^l5jr'j;|rr'  po-lon-  mdud  Mil.  a  kind  of 
>J,  '  knot,  complicated,  and  of  ma- 
gic virtue. 

^fiJC'^  W  pO'hn-M'kyi  etc.  v.  porwdn. 

'^^ pd'so^  W.  haughtiness,  pride;  *po-8o  do- 
t^^  to  demean  one's  self  haughtily, 
W.;  *p6'80'ban*y  proud,  haughty,  puffed  up; 
kd'po  Mil,  bragging  about  things,  which 
in  reality  one  is  not  able  to  do;  po-tsod^ 
prob.  the  same  VLspo-sOy  Mil,: pO'fsddmndn- 
hes  ma  Jiad  Hg^  do  not  boast  of  prophetic 
sight, 
^n-^ojr,  1.  Wt»,  beam,  rafter;  Sch.i  'the  prin- 

'  cipal  beam  of  the  roof.  —  2.  v.  ^pog-pa 
and  Jbdg-pa, 
^cn^'^0^5,  wages,  pay,  salary;  fo-,  zhr^nyin- 

'     pogs  annual,  monthly  salary,  daily 
wages;  dniU-pogs,  smdr-pogs^  C«.,  payment 


in  money;  zdh-pogs  Cs,  payment  in  goods^ 
2.  providing  for  another  person  in  natural  pro- 
duce, even  without  any  service  being  done 
in  return,  e.g.  the  maintenance  of  Lamas; 
pogsnldd^  maintenance  by  an  allowance  of 
money  (in  exceptional  cases). 

^C'  pon^y,^pdn'ba;f>dn'baGlr,  iorpan-ba, 

needy;  s&ms-can  nyam^tdg-pdhs- 
dgu^  the  poor  and  miserable  creatures,  Glr.; 
sdug-pohs-pa^  id.  Stg.y  C.  —  2,  poverty. 

^^  pody  skdr-ma  pody  Cs.y  Sch,y  comet 

^^  pdd'Icay  masquerade  garment  with 

''     long  sleeves, 
^w  pddrpa^  1.  to  be  able,  esp.  in  a  moral 

>  sense,  to  prevail  on  one's  self,  JbraU 
mi  pdd'pa  Itar  ydd-na  yan^  although  he 
was  scarcely  able  to  part  with  .  .  .  Glr, ;  ^di 
ni  mipdd-do,  that  I  cannot  do  (moral  im- 
possibility) DzL;  Ua  mi  pod,  I  cannot  bear 
to  see  that,  Dd,;  to  be  able  to  resist:  zas 
Hm  gos  bzan  su-yis  pod  who  can  resist 
good  food  and  fine  clothes?  hence  pod- 
pa-bariy  Cs,y  bold,  daring;  ^pod-^n-s^y  W. 
timid,  cowardly.  —  2.  to  come  up  to,  to  be 
neariy  equal  in  worth,  with  fsam^-la):  dei 
bsdd-nams  tsam-la  pdd  it  is  nearly  of  equal 
merit  as  .  .  .  Dzl, 
^i-/2f  p\  p6n('po)  Glr,  and  elsewh.,  pob- 

'  pon  Cs,,  pdn-po^n)^  pdrirto,  pod- 

pddy  W,,  1.  bundle,  trass,  of  hay,  straw,  reeds; 
sheat  C,  —  2.  bunch,  wisp,  cluster,  umbel, 
W,;  tuft,  tassel;  ddr-pon,  skudrfon^  Cs. 

^^  pob  V.  JbSbs-pa. 

^^w  p6r-pa  C,  B.  (  W,  *k6're*y  resp.  *<i)n- 
h/^f\  bowl,  dish,  drinldng-cup,  ge- 
nerally made  of  wood  and  carried  in  the 
bosom,  to  have  it  always  ready  for  use; 
cups  made  of  other  materials  are  called 
Ibdgs-poTy  dnid-por,  ys^-povy  and  a  glass 
tumbler  UUpor,  The  word  is  abo  applied 
to  vessels  used  for  other  purposes:  spyin- 
por^  glue-pot,  pog-poTy  perfuming-pan.  — 
pdr-pyisy  cloth  for  wiping  the  cup ;  por-kug, 
id.(?);  por'^(subs?),  the  pocket  or  fold 
in  the  coat  for  receiving  the  cup,  C. 


'^  pol 


«J 


347 


py<^ 


^^  pol,  W.  1.  bIMer  caused  by  burning, 

pol-^g,  a  bad  sore,  ulcer,  abscess,  C, 

W,  —  2.  r%.,  a  kind  of  fungus  (mould). 

^?r  pos^  1.  V.  ^W-6a.  —  2.  V.  «a. 

gr  5J'  J'^V^y  1^^  /^^  (Ubs'pa  to  cast  lots 
^ '  ^  Ci.;  lot,  fortune  Cs.,  j?^a  tr%  -pa 
to  judge  of  lots  or  fortune  Cs, ;  prognostic 
ScLy  pyorbzdn^  -nan  good,  bad  fortune  or 
prognostics  Cs.;  ndr-pya,  Vyim-pya  prog- 
nostics relative  to  property,  family  etc.,  in 
drawing  lots  or  playing  at  dice;  pya  (dan) 
yyan  lot  (good  luck)  and  blessing,  pya  dan 
yyan  ^gftg-pa  to  call  forth  good  luck  and 
blessing,  to  secure  it  by  enchantment  Glr,^ 
rgyar-ndg^gipyor-yydn  ny dim-pas  as  China's 
fortune  and  welfare  were  prejudiced  Glr.\ 
pyd-mlian  fortune-teller  Cs.,  but  v.  also  the 
next  article. 

q-^wjT-  pyd-mMan^  1.  =  rdzd-mUan^  potter. 
^     '    ^  —  2.  V.  the  foregoing. 

9'<363r  pya-ian  LtJ 

ZTorf^ST  jf^^^-fct-i^-ia,  Sch, ,  coarse,  rude, 
^  negligent,  disorderly  (?). 

zrx;  jE^rf-ra,  curtain  before  a  door,  Schr, 
^      Sch. 

OTT  Py^y  1-  ^^sp-  f^r  '^?  hand;  bdom- 
^  '  Idan-^dds'kyis  pyag  sd-la  brdebs^  Bnd' 
dha  struck  with  his  hand  on  the  earth,  DzL ; 
yyo^  brgydn-baf  to  stretch  forth  one's  hand, 
Sch, ;  with  ^  it  denotes  also  the  imposition 
of  hands  as  a  holy  ceremony,  W.:  *^ag 
gyan  sal -de*.  —  2.  bow,  compliment,  re- 
verence: pyag  ddn-po-la,  whilst  making  the 
first  bow,  Glr,\  also  compliment  in  letters: 
,',.  la  pyag  grans-med  bban»^  with  a  thou- 
sand compliments  to  . . .  (a  Lama  even  of 
a  higher  order  concluded  his  letter  to  a 
nobleman  with  10000  compliments  to  him 
as  the  head  of  the  family,  and  then  to  the 
rest  according  to  rank  and  age  in  a  des- 
cending line  with  1000, 100  etc.);  therefore 
pyag  byid^pa  (eleg.  gyid-pa;  resp.  mdzdd- 
pa,  when  e.g.  a  king  is  addressed  by  a 
Lama,  PfA.),  in  Balti  *pyag  byd-ha^  W, 
gen.  *iag  pul-be  or  bo-be^  resp.  )al'^ag  do- 
d^y  to  salute,  to  pay  one's  respects,  with 


lay  e.g.  ministers  waiting  on  the  king,  Glr.; 
*Mg-ga  yorH'y  he  comes  to  pay  his  respects, 
^•)  Py^  ^^  skdr-ba  by^d-pa,  to  make 
bows  and  circumitions,  S,g. ;  with  or  without 
a  preceding  pyi  (vulg.  Jon)^  to  take  leave, 
to  bid  adieu,  R  and  vulgo  (cf .  pyi  below), 
^de-ne  ^ag  jhd  yin*^  W, ,  so  then  I  shall 
take  my  leave  now.  —  pyag  Jsal-bay  pf. 
bUaly  imp.  tsol^  to  make  a  very  low  rever- 
ence, the  head  almost  touching  the  ground; 
more  at  large:  yidn-gyi  Mbs-la  mgd-bos 
pyag  Jsal-ba^  esp.  in  use  before  Lamas  and 
kings ;  in  the  introductions  of  books,  also, 
the  authors  generally  address  both  deities 
and  readers  with  the  phrase:  pyag  Jsdl- 
lo.  —  3.  impurity,  dirt(?);  v.  some  of  the 
following  compounds  and  also  ^pydg-pa.  — 
4.  sometimes  for  "Sag. 

Comp.  pyag-mUdr  resp.  for  mUar-ba 
staff.  — pydg-J^T  W.  ^pyag-rUn,  —  pya^g- 
gon  the  back  of  the  hand  Cs.  —  py^g-^gyd 

Ji^bs-pa  to  seal,  to  confirm  by  a  seal,  v. 
rgya  I.  This  meaning  is  at  present  hardly 
any  longer  known,  but  only:  2.  gesture, 
the  manner  in  which  the  hand  and  fingers 
.are  held  by  Buddha,  by  stage -players, 
Lamas  or  saints  etc ,  when  performing  re- 
ligious ceremonies  or  sorceries ;  pyag-rgyds 
mndn-pa  to  overcome  evil  spirits  by  such 
gesticulations  Dom,^  ^dl-ba  to  set  them 
free,  by  dissolving  the  charm  Pth.  There 
is  a  great  number  of  these  gesticulations. 
pyag-rgya-ien-po  is  said  to  be  a  figurative 
designation  of  the  Uma-doctrine.  (The  other 
meanings  given  by  Cs.  and  Sch,  are  rather 
uncertain.)  —  pyag-ndr  wrist  Cs.,  yet  v. 
nar  I.  —  pyag  -  ca  Sch.  ^wrought  by  the 
hand;  an  implement',  resp.  for  lag-ia,  v. 
Jfa  IIL  extr.;  jK^yo^-Sos  attributes,  carried 
in  the  hand,  in  performing  religious  dances, 
cf.  pyag  -  mfsdn,  —  pyag  -  ?a6  water  for 
washing  the  hands  and  the  face.  —  pyo^g- 
mcdd  Mil,  for  jfyag  dan  viSod-pa  bySd-^a. 
—  Jt^a^-swy^s  Le:cx.  =  pyag-ddr.  —  pyag- 
Ttdgs  1.  resp.  for  lag-rtdgs  sign  of  the  hand, 
impression  of  a  blackened  finger  in  the 
place  of  a  seal.  2.  =  pyag-rUn  (?).  —  pyag- 


3^94-04- ^^j-<^^r     C.    Co  j^«^ 


to  HlflOe^ 


848 


^  py<v 


er 


P!/^ 


rtin  B.  and  col.  a  present  of  welcome,  frq., 
a  preiOflt  in  general,  also  a  fee  Glr.;  pyag- 
rtin  rgya  -  iin  immense  presents  Qlr.  — 
jfyag-mfll  resp.  palm  of  the  hand.  —  pyag- 
mM  resp.  thumb.  —  pyag-ddr  sweepings, 
dust,  rubbish;  pyag-ddr  byed'pa  Dzl.  and 
ehe'wh.^pydg-pa Lex.^ *gydb-^^  W.  to  sweep, 
to  clean ;  jyag^dar-pa  a  sweeper  DzL ;  pyag- 
ddr-gyi  pun-^Oy  pyag-dar^Urdd  dust-heap ; 
^fyag-dar-Urdd^-kyi  ids-gos  or  nd-bza  vest- 
ment or  cowl  of  a  mendicant  friar,  which 
according  to  the  rules  of  his  order  is  to 
be  patched  up  of  rags  gathered  from  heaps 
of  rubbish  Bum.  I,  305.  (The  explanation 
given  by  Sch,  seems  to  rest  on  mere  hy- 
pothesis.) —  pyag-norrdd^ey  j^ag-rddr  v. 
rdo-fje'-JSan.  — pyag-dpi  resp.  for  dp^-'la 
V.  dpe  3.  —  pyag-dpun  resp.  for  ai*m.  — 
j^dg^fk/i  attendant,  man-servant  =  iabs-pyi; 
pydg^pyi  byM^pa  to  be  a  servant;  pydg- 
jfyv-la  or pyag-pyir  Jyr^-ha  to  be  a  follower 
(of  a  Lama);  collect,  train  of  servants, 
retinae.  —  pyag-pyis  resp.  towel.  —  pyo^- 
bris  resf,  1.  hand -writing,  manuscript  2. 
drawing  Olr.  3.  letter  VF.,  brtsi-bai  pyag- 
bris  your  kind  letter,  your  friendly  cor- 
respondence. --pyag-Jbdl  resp.  gift,  present 
-^  pyag-sbdlCs.  resp.  '^  pyag-gon;  Sch, 
j^yag^abdl^u  b&&g-pa  to  hold  one's  hand 
ready  for  taking  or  receiving,  v.  sbal.  — 
pyag-smdn  1.  resp.  for  sman  C.  2.  ^  pyag- 
rtin  W.  —  pyag-ma  broom,  duster,  mop  C, 
hexx,  — pyag  '  tsah  Sch.:  'the  all -filling 
One,  the  all-universalizing  One'  (?)  — pyag- 
mfidn  the  attributes  or  emblems  of  Bud- 
dha and  of  different  deities,  carried  in  the 
hands  (it  is  indeed  nothing  else  than  what, 
when  carried  in  the  hands  of  men,  is  called 
Ifig-  or  j^yag-ids  Olr.  and  elsewh.).  —j^ag- 
mdziib  resp.  for  finger.  —  fyag-mdzod  trea- 
surer, of  kings  or  in  large  monasteries.  — 
pyag-TdzdB  resp.  for  nor-rdzds  Mil.  — pyag- 
kdb9  resp.  for  rkan-ldg  Schr.  —  pyag-ra 
(prob.  for  pyag-grd)  privy,  water-doset  — 
pyag^ds  resp.  for  towel  Sch.  —  pyag-ldn 
the  return  of  a  salutation^  reciprocal  greeting 
MU.  —  pyag-lds  W.  resp.  for  las  =  prin" 
las  B.  —  pyag-Un  resp.  for  lag4hi  practice, 


exercise,  also  ceremony  (?)  religious  rite(?>; 
.  .  .  lorpyag-Un  ^debs-pa  Pthf  .  .  .  la-pyag- 
Un^u  ^Q-ha  Mil.(?)  —  pyag-Hn  an  at^ 
tribute  of  idols,  resembling  a  rod  (birch) 
or  besom  Wdk.  — pydg-sa^  pyag-^a;'pyag' 
sen  resp.  for  sin-mo  \  pya^-sdr  resp.  for  «df- 
mo.  —  pyag-srdl  law,  regulation;  practice, 
use;  tradition. 

5jr  •^•fl'  pydn-ne-bay  Cs. :  —jdUle-ha^  hanging 
^  down  (belly,  V.  pyoQ;  Lexx.  give 

^jiT,  slender,  slight-made;  Sch.i  sb*aight, 
stretched  (?);  pyan-pHd  or  -^prvX  Lexx. 
pendent  ornaments. 

Z^^*ZJfr  pyod-pyddy  yvlg.  pedrpid,  awicward 
^  '^  '  gambols,  clumsy  attempts  at  dancing. 
sj^'n*  pydd-pa^  also  ^pydd-pa^  constant, 
^  firm,  persevering;  pydd-par,  ahvayi, 
continually,  perpetually;  Lexx.  =  rgyun-du 
(of  rare  occurrence);  pyadmapyod  Mill 
5J5r  i^«^  =  Itam  (Sbh.  also  Uyam^pyam- 
^  rwflw,  -rfe»,  -stegSj  support  (of  nrfters); 
Sch.\  the  resting-point  of  a  beam. 

S^J'S^^  ^«^y«^'^l>«?  2%-.glitterlnj; 
^     "^  cf.  Icdm-me-ba. 

CJSr^CT  pydn^ne^a^  Olr.  slow,  not  hasly, 
^  not  greedy,  indifferent  to. 

g^jq^*  pydr-Ka  Sch.  blame,  affront,  inwit 

(^*  oPy^'^^^)  py^^^'fV^^  <ScA.  id.; 
Lexx.  pyar-yyinf 

WQ^'  pyal^  resp.  belly,  stomach,  Cs.;  pyci- 
^  pyan^i/ie^  Lexx.  =  grdd-pa  Jdl-le-ia, 
paunch,  swag-belly;  pydl-mo  id.? 
»•  pyi  (^W.  •^•*)  I.  behind  hdv.ij^yi-bkan- 
^  du  nydl-ba  Sch.^  to  lie  on  one's  back; 
pyi-gros-su  gyi-ba^  Olr.;  ^h-dg  gydb-pc^ 
C,  to  retreat,  to  recede,  with  the  back  in 
advance;  pyi  Ids -pa  ^  to  lag  behind;  pjfl- 
rtin  Sch.y  heel;  pyi-sdir,  Sch.  the  spur  of 
birds; 25i//-wa,  Cs.;  behind;  ^-nasy  Cs.,  from 
behind;  ^pi-nur-la*  or  ^pi-log-la  (/f/W^,  to 
walk  backward,  W. ;  pyi-yndn  yon^  pursuing 
he  comes  rapidly  near,  Mil. ;  pyi  mig  Ud- 
ba^  to  look  round  (back),  Olr.^  pyi  mig  ma 
ltd  "bar.,  without  looking  round;  pyi  mig 
Hg  yzigS'paSy  resp.  just  looking  round 
(back).  Mil.;  *pi  (mig)  Ug-te  Itd-i^  W. 
id.  —  ffyi-pyir,  behind,  following,  e.g.  yyi 


m 


^ 


849 


hi 


^6'ba^  to  walk  behind  or  after  another 
person,  PtJi,  —  pyi  Jbrdn  Lex.  Calso  TnSs- 
Jrefn),  spouse,  wife.  —  pyi-^ma^  the  poste- 
rior Schr,  (?)  —  pyi-biin  adv.  and  postp., 
after;  ^6-ba^  Jbrdn- ba^  frq.;  ri-dags-kyi 
fyi'bUn  rgyiig^a^  to  pursue  game,  deer; 
pjfir-bzin^  id.;  pyi'la,  later  lit.  and  C,  id.; 
, , .  h/i  pyi-bhin  pyin^pa^  ^dn-ba^  ^d-ba, 
to  go  after;  v.  also  pyir  and  pyis, 

II.  after;  adv.:  sna-pyi^  sooner  and  la- 
ter; also  adj.:  the  former,  the  latter;  the 
earlier,  the  later;  ^di-pyi  sc.  fsCy  the  pre- 
sent and  the  future  life;  frq.;  dttspyi^ig- 
no,  at  a  later  period,  some  time  afterwards 
DzL;  dei  pyi  nyin  on  the  following  day 
DzL;  nyi-ma  dei  pyi  de  nyin  Ud-na^  id., 
Tar,  —  pyi'dgra  v.  dgra.  —  pyi- cad  =■ 
fytn^bad  q.v.  —  pyi-tog  W.,  the  later  part 
of  the  afternoon.  —  pyUdro,  pyi-ro  (also 
Mil.')  W.,  gen.  ^pi-tog^  pi-ro*  id.,  also  even- 
"^?-  ~  pyi-nas^  in  future,  in  time  to  come. 
Mil,  —  pyi'pted  Tar.i  nyi-ma  pyi^ed- 
kyi  bar-du  Schf.,  until  sunset;  Schr,:  even- 
ing. —  pyi'pydg  by^d-pa^  to  greet  for  the 
last  time,  to  bid  farewell,  to  take  leave. 
^  —pyi-ma  adj.:  later,  subsequent,  following, 
md-ma  ma  hi  pyi-ma  zd-ba^  not  having 
digested  the  first  (meal),  to  eat  (consecu- 
tive) additional  quantities  Lt ;  pyi-rna  pyi- 
may  each  following  one,  every  one  conse- 
cutive in  a  series,  S,g,  and  elsewh.;  nydl- 
bai  pyt-may  the  last  going  to  bed,  Mil.\ 
pyi-ma-mamsy  the  later  ones,  the  modems, 
frq.  —  pyi-mo  adj.  late,  da  (jiyi-md)  pyi- 
mdr  son  dug-pas,  it  havinc;  grown  late  (in 
the  day)  Mil,;  *'i  go  pi-^mo  pe  dtig*,  this 
door  is  not  opened  until  later  (in  the  day), 
W.  ^pi-mo  d6(s)'llan'ni  td-gir*,  the  last 
baked,  newest  bread,  W.  —  pyi-rabs^  the 
later  generation,  posterity.  Cf.  pyin,  j)yis. 
in.  outside,  pyii  ^n,  the  field  outside, 
as  a  third  part  of  the  property,  exclusive 
of  cattle  and  money  (cf.  sgo  init);  pyiisd- 
nam,,  husbandry,  farming  Glr,;  pyii-rgya" 
mfsOy  the  outer  sea,  the  ocean,  Glr.;  pyii 
mi  Dzl,  (Ms.),  people  from  abroad,  other, 
strange  people,  not  belonging  to  the  family, 
mgrdn-nam  pyi-mi-^ag  ^dns-na,  if  (when) 


guests  or  strangers  come,  Dd.;  pyi-^ruiy  out 
of  doors,  abroad;  pyi-nus,  from  without, 
from  abroad;  pyi-ru^  Vy^^y  OUt  (proceeding 
from  the  interior  of  a  place  to  the  exterior), 
less  jfrq.,  V.  pyi-rol".,  pyi-la^  id.,  B,  and  C, 
frq.  -  pyi-^yog  Sch.:  with  knees  bent  out- 
ward. —  pyp-glin  v.  rgya-pi-lin  under  rgya 
comp. ;  pyi'dgrd  v.  dgra.  —  *pi'{s)ta'la 
and  -ru*.  W.  for  jryi-rol-na  etc.;  ^pi-sta-la 
cd'd^,  euphemist.  for  'going  to  the  water- 
closet'.  —  pyi-ndn,  the  outside  and  inside, 
*p  nan  log-de^,  W.^  bsgyur-ba^  Schr.  to 
turn  inside  out,  e.g.  a  bag;  Iddgs-kyi  sgrdm- 
la-sdgS'pa  sgrompyi  nan  rim^pa  bdun  tsam^ 
an  iron  box  (coffin)  and  moreover  a  series 
of  7  boxes  one  within  the  other  Tar.  28; 
pyi  nan  ynyis-ka  smin-pa^  ripe  both  as  to 
the  outside  and  inside,  Dzl.\  pyi  nun  ytsan^ 
pure  as  to  thought  and  action.  With  re- 
spect to  religion,  this  expression  generally 
denotes  the  difiference  between  Non-Bud- 
dhism —  or  in  a  more  limited  sense  Brah- 
manism  —  and  Buddhism;  frequently /'sa^ 
is  added  as  a  third  item,  being  explained 
by:  pyi  lies  nan  nag  ysdh-ba  yid.,  which 
explanation  however  is  insufficient,  e.g.  in 
the  passage :  iospyi  nan  ysaii  Pth.,  in  which 
moreover  merely  a  classification  within  the 
Buddhist  religion  seems  to  be  spoken  of. 
Political  distinctions  are  made  in  Glr.:  pyi 
nail  bar  ysum-gyi  byd-ba  byid-pai  bldn-po, 
yet  without  sufficiently  elucidating  the  sub- 
ject. The  terms  jtyi  Ita  and  nan  Ita,  Glr. 
fol.  89,  as  well  as  fryi  Itdr-du  and  narl 
Itdr-dUy  Pth.  p.  10  I  am  at  a  loss  to  ex- 
plain. —  pyi-pa  1 .  B.  and  col.  a  Non-Bud- 
dhist,  more  particularly  a  Brahmanist,  also 
for  pyi-pai  ^os^  the  doctrine  of  Brahma 
pyi-pa-la  dga  Glr.  2.  Chr.  Prat:  heathen, 
one  that  is  neither  a  jew  nor  a  Christian. 
—  pyi-y^l  ^'  ^^^-  foreign  country.  2.  pyi 
sndn-bai  yul,  the  external  world,  opp.  to: 
ndn-gi  sems,  Mil.  —  pyi-rol,  1 .  the  OUtside, 
mdl '  gyi  j)yi '  roly  the  outside  of  the  bed, 
Glr.;  pyi-rol-na,  -tu^  -nas,  in  B.  gen. 
for  pyi-na,  -ru^  -nas;  adv.  outside,  out  of 
doors,  out,  from  without;  postp.  on  the  out- 
side before  (the  door),  (he  was  turned)  out 


350 


5J 


bk  WKiu*^Y'A/l 


of  (the  house),  (he  comes)  from  without 
(the  village),  frq.;  *'pi'lo^  W.  id.;  ^bag-ri 
pi-log  la*^  outside  before  the  (garden)  wall. 
2.  mystic:  ydon  bgegs  pgi-rol-tu  Jbivrpay 
to  believe  goblins  and  demons  to  be  really 
existing  in  the  outer  world  MU,  —  pyi-sa^^ 
excrements  S.g. ;  the  supposed  food  of  cer- 
tain demons   Thgy.  —  pyi-Uia  ? 
IV.  pyi-la,  on  account  of,  v.  pyir, 
S'opn'  py^l^^9y  Cs,;  a  blow  with  the  side 
^  ^   '    of  the  hand. 


pytr 


'i^  pyi-fdn,  threat,  menace,  Mil.  nt 

§-qM'  /^j.  qx;^v  Sff-q-  pyi  -  bddr  (or 
^  ^  ^  ^  ^  )  brdar)  byid-pa, 
to  clean,  to  cleanse  Dzl  and  elsewh.;  bydd- 
kyi  pyi-4)ddr  bhol-nas  kyan  though  you  ilo 
not  wash  your  face  Mil, 
^zsxr  pyi-puT^,  a  kind  of  ornament,  similar 
^  ^      to  pan, 

pyi-ba  S.g.,  oPyi'ba  Lt,  1.  the  large 
marmot  of  the  highlands  of  Asia,  Arc- 
tomys  Boibak.  —  2.  v.  Jyyi-ha, 
S'^Sf  pgi-f^^y  !•  col.  ^a-pyi,  ^-p**>  grand- 
^       mother,  Cl.  II.  v.  pyi  II. 

jTi-  Bar.  ^pyin-pc!^',  Ld.,  Lh.  ^pin-pa*, 
elsewh.  cin-pa,  felt,  ^ddd-^Uy  to  make 
felt,  to  mill,  to  full  Sch,;  pyin-gur,  felt- 
tent,  a  Tartar  hut;  pyin-stdn,,  felt-carpet, 
felt-covering;  pyin-dib  Sch.:  a  wrapper  or 
cover  made  of  felt. 

Sc-  pyid  =r  pyi,  after,  following ;  pyid-nyin, 
^  '  the  day  after  to-morrow,  Cs. 
ftj^w  pyid'pa  I.  (y.  pyi  ni  f.)  to  retard, 
^  '  prolong,  maintain,  with  tse:  to  main- 
tain one's  life,  to  earn  a  livelihood,  W.  e.g. 
*gdr^ra  bd-te*  ov^ios-si  ndn-ne  fse  pid-de*, 
to  maintain  one's  self  as  a  smith,  or  by 
religion,  (being  a  Lama).  —  II.  to  freeze, 
*kdn-pa  pid-son*,  the  foot  is  frozen,  suffer- 
ing from  chilblains ;  *mig  pid  son*,,  the  eyes 
are  inflamed,  snow-blind,  W,{C.*ci'*). — 
III.  V.  ^pyid\  byid. 

^^  pyin  ioT  pyi,  in  certain  phrases:  1. 
^  ^  pyin-cdd,  -had,  later,  afterwards,  pyin- 
cdd  sdom,  bound  over  for  the  time  to  come, 
e.g.  not  to  do  a  thing  again ;  da  pyin-cdd, 
from  the  present  moment,  from  henceforth, 


K^' 


^n^a^y  Sp.  *pin^ 


frq.;  ^di  pyin,  id.;  de  '^yin-'idd,  rarely  (fe 
pyin-naSy  Tar.  57,  2  since,  since  that  time, 
ever  since.  —  2.  outside,  j$ym  rtsig-pa  medr 
de  as  there  was  no  wall  outside  Glr.;  pyin- 
dgrd  a  foreign  enemy  Glr.;  pyin-las  out- 
ward business,  foreign  affairs  Dzl. 
§^%''^'  ;5yin-c!J-%,  anything  wrong,  in- 
^  '  '  correct,  deceptive,  fallacious  ;pe^ 
versify;  pyin-H-ldg-gis  bsldd^de  corrixfi^  de- 
praved by  perversity  Dzl.;  pyin-bi  ma  Ug- 
pao  it  is  infallible  (of  a  spell),  synon.  to  bdh- 
pa ;  Itd'ba  pyin-H  ma  log-pa  correct  view, 
opinion  Pth. ;  pyin-ci-Ug-tu  stdnrpa  to  teach 
a  false  doctrine;  bio  pyin-H  ma  Idg-par, 
with  a  never  erring  mind  MU. 
pyin-pa  I.  B,,  C.  *i 
pa*,  little  used  in  W.:  1.  to 
to  get  to,  advance,  arrive;  lam  pyed  ism- 
du,  having  got  about  midway,  Dzl.;  der 
pyin-pa  dan,  frq.;  hiprdg-paUdm-dupyin- 
to,  the  water  reached  up  to  his  shoulders, 
Dzl.',  ^pin-na*  Sp.,  is  he  arrived?  sbyith 
pai  pd-rol  pyin,  that  goes  farther  than 
alms-giving,  surpasses  it,  Glr.:  dpag-^dd 
Inar  pyivr-pa,  to  be  five  miles  in  length, 
Dzl  —  2.  to  go,  to  proceed,  sndn-lapyinr 
pa,  Pth. ;  7na  pytn-par  sleb,  without  going, 
without  moving  from  the  place,  he  arrives 
at  ^ . .  Mil, ;  btidr^mM  dei  rtsar  ma  ^w,  he 
did  not  go  to  the  woman  (euphemist)  Glr.; 
stab'Stob-^u  nan-du  pyin-te,  he  went  in, 
rnn  in,  in  a  great  hurry.  (Probably  the 
word  is  cog.  to  pyi,  and  therefore  —  J>yi^- 
ba,  Jdn-pa.')  —  II.  v.  Jbyin-pa. 
^x-  i^yer;  prop,  the  termin.  of  pyi:  1. 1. 
^  adv.  back,  towards  the  back,  behind; 
pyir  ^dh-ba,  to  come  back,  to  return /te/. 
and  elsewh.,  frq.;  also  used  in  a  speciJ 
sense  rel.  to  re-birth  lan^ybig  pyir  JmA>a, 
pyir  mi  ^dh-ba  v.  JbrdS'bu(bziy,  pyir  jrd- 
ba,  pyir  ^d^n-ba  etc.,  id.;  pyir  ^dug-pa^  to 
remain  behind,  at  home,  Dzl,;  jh/ir  Jog- 
pa,  to  leave  behind,  at  home,  to  lay  aside, 
to  lay  up,  Dzl;  again  (rurstia),  pyir  Idn- 
ba,  to  get  up  again,  after  having  fallen; 
pyir  Iddg-pa,  log-pa,  to  come  back  again, 
to  return ;  pyir  Iddg-pai  lam,  the  way  back, 
the  return,  Dzl ;  pyir  mi  Idog-pa,  the  not 


g^  pyis 


^ 


351 


pye 


taking  place  of  relapses,  the  prerentioii  of 
them,  Lt ;  pyir  zldff-poy  to  bring  back,  to 
draw  oflF,  to  divert  from ;  ^ytr  sds-par  ^^gyur- 
Ja,  to  return  to  life;  pyir  sdns-naSy  having 
come  to  himself  again,  having  recovered, 
Dd,]  pyir  md-la  smrds-^ay  he  replied  to 
his  mother,  DzL ;  pyir-log  skyon-pa,  to  make 
one  ride  backward,  with  the  face  to  the 
horse  s  tail.  —  2.  postp.  e.g.  behind,  after, 
nai  pyir  ^  ^o  Pih,y  will  you  follow  me? 
come  with  me?  instead  of  this  more  care- 
lessly: na  pyir  Mil,;  pyir-blin  -  pyi-blin 

U.  afterwards,  hereafter,  at  a  later  time 
Thgy.;  pyir  ^dn-ba^  to  come  too  late  DzL 

in.  out,  pyir 'la  out  (motion  from  an 
interior  to  an  exterior  place),  pyir  fdrtr-pa, 
^grd'ba,  jUn-bay  yUgs-pa  to  go  out,  shyur- 
bay  to  cast  out,  pyir  bstdn-naSy  turned  in- 
side out  (the  lining  of  a  coat)  Glr.;  pyir 
Jbud'pa  Sch.:  'to  put  out,  to  remove;  to 
come  to  an  end,  to  be  completely  exhausted'; 
sgo  pyir  mi  ytdh-bay  not  to  let  out  at  the 
door,  to  keep  locked  in  or  shut  up  Pih, 
In  C.  also  pyi-la  is  used  in  this  sense.  — 
pyir-Hh  ace.  to  Lexx,  =  ^ra^  niore  (ex- 
ceeding in  number  or  degree). 

IV.  postp.  e.g.,  also  pyir-du,  more  rarely 
pyir-na^  W.  *pi-la*)  on  account  of,  1 .  (propter) 
=  by  or  through,  Hi  pir  Hyod  di-ltar  gyur^ 
whereby  or  through  what  have  you  got 
mto  this  plight?  DzL;  without %od:  where 
does  that  come  from?  DzL;  *t  nad  hi  pi- 
la  yora^y  by  what  has  this  disease  been 
caused?  W.;  yndd^-pai pyir-duy  because  I 
have  done  you  harm  Mil,  2.  for,  for  the 
take  of  (cama)y  for  the  good  or  benefit  of, 
from  love  to  DzL ;  for  the  purpose  of,  brtdg- 
pai  pyir-duy  in  order  to  try  or  to  prove 
Glr,  Yfhether  pyir  with  the  infinitive,  esp. 
of  one-rooted  verbs,  is  to  be  resolved  by 
because  or  in  order  that,  can  be  determined 
only  by  the  context. 

^^  pyis  I.  adv.  behind,  pyis  ni  sgra  Jbyuiiy 
^  behind,  i.e.  behind  your  back,  voices 
are  heard;  gen.  with  respect  to  time:  after- 
wardS|  later,  j^yts^Jyuw-fta,  to  arise,  to  follow, 
to  come  later  Wdn,;  also  in  reference  to 


things  past,  of  a  later  date  than  others 
that  had  happened  before  them  Glr, ;  pyis- 
naskyarty  also  in  future,  in  after  times  MU,; 
pyis-nyiriy  on  the  following  day  Q=  san) 
DzL;  at  some  future  time,  some  (future) 
day,  DzL;  da  pyis  =  dapyin-idd  Glr,;  dtts 
pyis  =  dus  pyi  hig-nay  subsequently,  here- 
after Pih, ;  pyis  skye-bor-TrUd-^a ,  one  that 
in  future  will  not  be  re-born  Mil, ;  on  the 
other  hand:  pyis  skyes  bu  Sch.y  a  son  bom 
after  the  death  of  his  father ;  sit-bas  kyan 
pyis  last  of  all  DzL;  pyis-pa  v.  ^pyi-ba  (I.); 
it  is  also  construed  like  a  sbst :  . . .  fob- 
pcd  pyis  Mg-nay  at  a  time  subsequent  to 
his  having  obtained,  =  after  he  had  ob- 
tained Tar,  —  II.  sbst.  in  compounds :  clout, 
rag,  duster,  cloth,  snd-pyisy  Idg-pyisy  pydg- 
Pyw;  Pl/is-pay  V.  ^pyi'ba  H, 
fiJCfrn*  py^Q'P^  ^y  rich,  also  fig. :  ydn-tan 
^  '  du-mai  dpdl-gyis  pyug-par  hogy  may 
I  grow  rich  in  the  splendour  of  numerous 
accomplishments!  pyiiLg-pOy  adj.  rich,  sbst. 
a  rich  man,  pyit^-po  'Sin-po  zig  a  rich 
nobleman  MU, ;  pyug-mo  a  rich  lady ;  pyttg- 
Kydd  riches,  wealth,  opulence  DzL;  pyug- 
par  f^gyur-ba  to  grow  rich,  byidrpa  to  make 
rich;  pyug-dlM  rich  and  poor;  pyug  dbul 
med  no  diflference  between  rich  and  poor 
DzL 

gqi^'  PlW^y  ^ttle,  sgoipyugs  v.  sgo  ;pyugs 
^  '  Jsd'ba  to  tend  cattle  Glr,;  pyug^- 
kyi  sin-rta  Cs.y  a  bullock  cart;  pyugs-nad 
disease  of  cattle,  murrain ;  nar-pyugsy  chattels, 
all  kinds  of  property  DzL 
axro'  pjur-buSch,  hay-rick,  shock  of  sheaves, 
^  ^  heap  of  sticks  {Schr,  ^pyur-bay  to 
heap  up).  i  V     ,       C 


^ 


pye  W,  *pe*y  resp.  ysdn-pyey  ziby  1.  flour, 


meal,  esp.  2.  flour  of  parched  barley,  =-- 
rtsdm-pa,  —  3.  iorpye-ma,  dust,  powder  etc.; 

pye  Jdg-puy  f sag-pay  to  grind  corn  to  flour; 
to  sieve;  pyer  Jdg-pay  to  reduce  to  flour. 
—  4.  V.  Jbyid-pa,  —  '^gyojgs-pye  flour  as 
provision  for  a  journey  Glr,;  *ndn-p^  W, 
=  rtsdm-pa;  also  parched  meal.  Ibdgs-pye 
iron  filings ;  rdd-pyey  stone  reduced  to  powder, 
small  particles  of  stone;  spds-pyey  tsdndan- 
gyipyd-nuiy  sandlewood  powder,  fumigating 


^^  •^^•^•Ji/  'u>A^U»-|    liriW*^"    0»^^^.  - 


^ 


\YV^] 


powder;  bag-pye  wheat  flour;  brdg-pye 
small  fragments  of  stone,  produced  by  stone- 
cutting  Glr, ;  sin-^ye  saw-dust ;  yser-pye  gold- 
dust  ;  pye-Kug  flour-bag ;  pye-sgye  flour  sack ; 
Cs,:  'a  double  pouch  for  meal';  pye-rndd^ 
flour-tub;  pye-p&r  Cs.  a  box  for  meal;  pye- 
pad,  flour-bag;  pye-ban^  flour -store;  pyi^ 
ma,  dust,  powder;  saw -dust,  filings  etc.; 
pyi-mar  termin.  oipyi-ma'jpye-mwr  (^Hindi 
ygltw^  flo^r  roasted  with  melted  butter, 
sweetened  with  sugar,  considered  a  dainty. 
^™.qV-.  pye-ma-Ub  Lex ,  ^pe-ma  -leb-  U^ 
^  W,,  butterfly. 

S^'  py^d  I.  half;  pyed-dah-ynyis  ('which 
^  ^  with  an  additional  ^  would  be  =  2') 
OM  and  a  half  etc. ;  brgyorprdg  pyed-dah- 
y$umy  two  hundred  and  fifty;  ^ydh-^t^  C, 
^ydn-^ed,  pid-di^san)  ped^  pidryan-ped^  W. 
one  fourth,  a  quarter;  yuh-pyed  one  eighth 
(httle  used);  mi-pyM.  half  a  man,  also  used 
for  woman  Pth,  (n.f.);  zla-pyH  v.  zld-ha^ 
zla-ha-pyed-pa^  lasting  half  a  month,  e.g. 
a  disease.  —  py^d-ka,  -pa,  -ma,  Cs.y  pyidr 
po  Cs.  and  vulg.  one  half;  pyM-ma  also: 
partner  to  one  half;  ^dii  ndn-na  nai  pyed- 
ma  hig  kyah  yod-de,  as  I  have  still  a  partner 
in  this  business  \pyed'hruh,  half  a  skyU-krun 
(q.  v.),  drawing  in  one  leg,  and  stretching 
out  the  other  Gh\\  pyed-gliriy  peninsula; 
pyed-brgydd=  pyedrdan-brgyad  hence  sbst. : 
half  a  rupee,  =  7^  points  on  the  gold-steel- 
yard C. 

II.  V.  Jbyed-pa, 
3ar  Py^  (vulg.  pen),  wind,  flatulence  Jfefed.; 
^  ^  ytdn-ba,  to  let  go  a  wind;  pyen  hor 
80W,  a  wind  has  escaped  (me  etc.);  pyen- 
dbugs  Cs,,  id.;  py4n-dri,  a  low,  soft  wind. 
S^S^  Py^-py^y  ""co-co  zir-wd*,  to  set  on  or 
^  ^  at  (to  set  a  dog  at  a  person)  C 
^cn^'  ^yogfs  1.  side,  direction;  pyogs  gan- 
^  '  nojs  from  whence?  pyogs  der,  there, 
thither,  in  that  direction ;  yul  dei  pydgs-su 
or -la)  son,  proceed  in  the  direction  of  yonder 
village;  Itdg-pa  (for  -pai)  pydgs-su  Wdn, 
towards  the  nape  of  the  neck;  pyogs  ycig- 
tu  or  'la  towards  one  side,  in  one  direc- 
tion; also. for  together,  e.g.  to  sweep  to- 
gether, to  heap  together;  vulgo  also  for 


at  the  same  time,  at  once;  Hyimrfoi  pyogtr 
m  byin-pas,  bestowing  on  lay-men  Ds^.; 
^ospydgs'suyton-ba  to  spend  for  pious  pur- 
poses M7.;  in  the  same  manner:  dge-boA 
pyogs-su,  to  devote  to  benevolent  designs 
MiL\  for,  in  behalf  of,  for  the  benefit  of: 
ytdn-grogs  pydgs-su  H-lc^bs  by^d-pa,  to  die, 
to  undergo  death  for  the  sake  of  husband 
or  vnfe  Mil.\  in  letters  usually:  d^-pyog^- 
m,  there  with  you,  ^di-pyogs-m,  here  with 
us.  —  2.  quarter  of  the  heavens,  the  cardinal 
points  of  the  horizon;  pyogs  bh,  the  four 
points  of  the  compass;  pyogs  bhr,  round 
about,  in  all  directions;  eg.  round  (a  person 
or  place);  pyogs  bki-nas,  from  all  sides; 
frequently   also  pyogs  btu^  the  ten  points 
of  the  compass  are  spoken  of,  which  are 
the  following:  ^ar,  sar-lhd,   Iho,  Iho-tMy 
nub,  nub-bydn,  by  an,  byan^^dr,  sfen>-  and 
^dg-pyogs  (Zenith  and  Nadir);  pyogs-skydh, 
pyogS'skyoh-rgydUpo,  Iha^ht-popyogs-skyoi^ 
ba  bbu  similar  to  jig-rt^-skyoh  (v.  skydn- 
ba),  yet  ten  in  number;  rgya^gdr-ffyi  sdr- 
pyogs-na,  to  the  east  of  India;  rgya-gdr 
sdr-pyogs^pa-mams,  the  eastern  Indians. 
—  3.  sa-pyogs,  counta7,  region,  neighbour* 
hood,  part,  dben^aisa-pydgs,  lonely  region, 
solitary  part;  jigs  pat  sa-pydgs,  an  unsafe 
country;  yul-pydgs  id.,  nai  sorpyog^-na  in 
my  country  Mil,  C.  —  4.  part,  parly,  also 
pyogs-ris',  yidn-la  pyogs  ^gyur-ba,  to  take 
another  man's  part,  to  side  with  a  certain 
person  Thgyr,  pyogs-iris)  byed-pa  cgenit 
W.,  *^og-(ri)  hd-y,  pyogs  Jbdn-^a  Tar., 
pyogs  tsam  rig-pa  Tar,  119,4  id.;  pyogs- 
m4d  impartial,  sine  ira  et  studio^  gen.  in  a 
Buddhist  ascetic  sense:  indifferent  to  eveiy 
thing  ;^dy«-?a  Mil,,  pyogs-lhun  Lea.,  prob. 
also  pydgs'len  Tar.  184, 22,  partial,  inter- 
ested ;pyogS'Cai  rtog-pa,  hesitation,  scruples, 
arising  from  still  feeling  an  interest  in  a 
thing  Mil",  in  a  general  sense  it  is  used 
in:  pyogs -mtsiinS' pa  similar  Wdn.,   Tar.; 
pyogs -mfun-du  Tar.  190,16  ought  to  be 
rendered:  appropriate,  suitable,  adequate; 
rdh-pyogs  one's  own  party,  yhdnrpyogs  the 
other  or  oppositcparty ;  /^y^^-^^ojw  friends, 
dgrd-pyoys  enemies;  dkdr^ pyogs  thegoodp 


«I 


353 


mr,v?:j^^::fA'riH'^'- 


iposedy  esp.  the  good  spirits, 


xm^ 


g^l"^  prdg-pa 


The  well-disposedy  esp.  tne  gooa  spirits,  nag- 
pyogsy  sdig-can-ffyi  pyogs  the  bad,  malicious, 
esp.  the  evil  spirits,  devils.  —  5.  ia  popular 
laDgoage  the  word  is  used  also  with  respect 
to  time:  ^Ua-san-stdn-logs*  Ld.^  last  autumn. 

^BfttfCf  pyog^-p^  I.  vb.  to  turn  vb.n.,  cds- 
^   '  fa  to  turn  to  religion  S€h\\  fyir 

pyogs-fa  to  turn  one's  self  back,  to  turn 
aside  {Schr,  pyir  pydgs-par  byid-pa,  to 
divert  from,  to  dissuade  from)  Tar.  12, 14 
28, 9.  JH-Kar  py6gs-pa  turned  to  dying  = 
near  dying?  Kor-ba-la  rgydb^kyis  pydgs- 
pay  to  turn  one's  buck  to  the  orb  of  trans- 
migration; ^^(^c^uj^j/e^s-pa,  1.  to  be  visible, 
to  be  evident,  to  be  exposed  to  view(?),  ZAo- 
nossu  mndn-du  pydga-pai  brdg-las  Jbyun- 
ba  growing  on  a  surface  rock  on  the  south- 
side  SowiA. ;  don  de  mh&n-du  pydgs  ^ par 
hyd-haipyir^  in  order  to  bring  this  meaning 
to  the  light,  to  express  it  clearly  G^'aw.(?). 
2.  to  be  openly  or  evidently  attached  to,  to 
adhere  to(?)  rgykdAa  to  a  Tantra  or  treatise 
Sambh. 

II.  adj.,  sbst.,  attached  to,  following;  a 
parflzan,  an  adherent 

^•^T  vy^'V^  CS'  progress,  pyod  ^^-ba, 
^  ^  great  progress;  Lea,:  sa-pyod-iSe  v. 
iSocL 

^^  pyor  MiLy  prob.  for  mcor. 

Zr  pray  ^pra,  ornament  (?),  jewel  (?)  pra 
rgydg-pay  rgydb-poy  ^dd-pa^  ^d^bs-pay 
Sch.  also  pras  aprd-ba^  to  insert  an  orna- 
ment of  jewels,  to  stud  with  jewels ;  rmog- 
la  pad-ma^A-^ai  pra  btdb-pa  cfe,  this  set 
of  rubies  on  the  helmet,  this  helmet  stud- 
ded with  rubies  Glr, ;  rin-Hhi  sna-fsdgs-kyis 
pra  bkdd^a  Mil,]  pra-fs&m  border,  trim- 


mmg. 


Lex, 


Z^M^  prorTgyds  Was,  (241)  =  6djr-ia  nydl- 
^  ^  ia,  vanities^  i.e.  passions,  errors,  er- 
roneous notions. 


^^ 


pra-^g  v.  prag-ddg, 

Zrn'Prd'ba  1.  V.  ^pra-ba.  —  2.  Lt  a  disease 
^  of  children.  —  3.  adj.,  geu.  pra-mo  {Cs, 
also  bo)  thin,  fine,  minute,  opp.  to  sbdmrpo 
q.v.,  sbrul  prd-mo  Hg  Tar,;  in  a  general 


sense,  little,  StnBXly  s^ms-ian  prd'-mo-mdms; 
nd'pra-mOy  little  as  to  age,  young,  MiL; 
trifling,  little,  slight,  mdm-rtog  prd-rno  slight 
scruples,  Mil.;  rdzun  prd-mOy  a  little  lie, 
a  fib,  Thgy,;  Hd-mo-ne  fdn-way  Idb-pa*^ 
to  see,  to  inspect  most  accurately,  to  learn 
the  minutest  details,  C;  thin,  high,  rel.  to 
voice  W,',  pra-kib  Lex,y  fine  and  exact;  ^n- 
tu  prd-bay  in  reference  to  the  doctrine  of 
Buddha,  implying  prob.  its  subtilties.  Cf. 
pt*an, 

zrg^' prd-may  calumny,  slander,  esp.  through 
^  tell-tales  and  intermeddling  persons 
B,  and  col.;  prd-7na  by4d-pa  DzLy  smrd-ba 
Cs,y)ug-pa  B,  and  C,  *W-^^*  W,y  resp. 
(when  referring  to  a  person  of  higher  raak) 
ysdUba,  iu^boy  to  calumniate,  slander,  vilify, 
blacken;  prd  -  ma  -  mllan  Cs,  calumniator, 
slanderer. 

a^3r  pr^^''^^->  Mrcery,  witchcraft  Schr.; 
^  ^  so  prob.  Pth,:  mi-dgos-pai pra-mhi- 
gyi  nan-sndgsy  an  evil  magic  spell  of  per- 
nicious necromancy;  prormen-po  and  -pa 
masc,  -mo  and  -ma  fem.,  necromancer, 
wizard,  witch ;  j^ra-m^  rdzd-ki  (for  dzo-gi, 
iftf^)  id. 
S^^prd-mOy  V.  prd-ba;  ^^PP}^ pra-^agSy 

V.  ^prd'ba, 

5j^i-  prag  pro  vine,  also  dbrag^  sragy  1.  in- 
^  '  termediate  space,  interstice,  interval, 
hence  prdg-tu  =  bdr-du  Thgy,;  a  hollow, 
ravine,  defile;  smin-prdg  v.  smin-ma.  —  2. 
after  cardinal  numbers  it  seems  to  corre- 
spond about  to  the  Greek  subst.  termina- 
tion ag:  bburprdg  a  decade,  brgya-jirdg  a 
hundred  (century),  ston-prdg  a  thousand 
(chiliad),  brgya-prag  fbig^  brgya-jhrag  bbu; 
ston-prdg  bhi-bbu-Hgy  a  number  of  forty 
thousand  Dzl, ;  bdun-prdgy  sfidofidg^  week 
(recognized  as  a  measure  of  time,  but  in 
common  life  not  much  in  use). 
OTrq- jSr^jr  -  pa,  1.  sbst.,  resp.  sku-prdg 
^  '  shoulder,  prdg-pa-la  ^il-ba  Glr,y 
fdgs-pa  Sambh,  to  load  on  one's  shoulder; 
grdgs-poi  prdg-pa-la  jizig-pO",  to  mount  the 
shoulder  of  one's  companion  Dzl,\  upper 
arm,  prdg-pa  ynyiS'kyi  ^a  DzL,^  prag-gdh 

23 


354 


^C'    pran 


Sf 


T^ 


prugs 


Lt  id.  —  2.  vb.,  also  ^prdg-pa,  to  envy, 
to  grudge,  C«.;  pi^ag-ddg,  prorddg^  the  envy, 
prog-dog  skye  envy  is  stirring  within  me, 
I  envy,  ijN\,'^ prag-dog-ban^  envious,  grudg- 
ing, jealous  Pth, 

3C  prah^  V.  ^pran, 

atr  prad^  1^-prdd^  prdd-kgi  yi-^e^  particle, 
^  '  e.g.  mdm-dbye-prad  the  signs  of  the 
cases,  kyiy  la  etc. 

wrZT  i^^^^  V.  jprdd'pa\  prdd-po  for 
^^       Krddrpo  Wdn, 

51<3r  5f5r^  pran,  prdn-huy  (Ti.  also  j5ran- 
^^'  ^n^  e«)=-^d.7no,  IttUe,  small,  trif- 
ling, yet  more  in  particular  phrases,  and  less 
used  in  books,  than  in  common  life,  esp. 
in  C :  *rin  iem^hu  te-dk^  (lit.:  dpradrde) 
having  paid,  spent  a  trifle;  *iu^a  tern^hu 
ii^  a  small  request;  ^iem-bhu  big*  a  little 
bit  C. ;  as  sbst. :  1 .  part  of  the  body  (whether 
in  a  general  or  a  more  particular  sense,  I 
have  not  been  able  to  ascertain);  in  me- 
dical vn-i tings  ik^pran-bui  nod  form  a  class 
of  their  own;  yan^ldg-gi pran  ybdd^pa  Glr,^ 
to  maim,  to  mutilate  parts  of  the  body  (not 
necessarily  to  castrate  Sch.).  — 2.  knives  and 
other  small  instruments  used  in  surgery 
Med.  —  3.  pran-rdn  in  the  polite  episto- 
lary style  the  person  of  the  writer,  'my  own 
litUe  self,  'your  humble  servant' ;  prdn-la 
rdn-gi  =  to  me  my . . .,  inst  of:  nd-la  norrdn^ 
gi.  — pran'f%ig%,  trifles,  minor  matters;  JM- 
ha  pranrtsig^-kyi  yH  the  minutiae  of  reli- 
gious discipline,  Dulva. 
^g^grqrpranr^tsdgypran-ne-rtsag'tsi  stated 
^  '       'to  be  =  pywr-bi-Ug  Ld. 

pran-fs^gs  v.  prdn-hu  extr. 
Hftl'  pral  V.  prdl-ba\  9'^'  pri-ha  v.  oP*^- 

ha;  §^'  prid  v.  sbfidrpa.      '     ^ 

^^  prin^  ^prin,  news,  tidings,  intelligence, 

^  '  message,  prin  bzdn-po,  good  tidings, 
favourable  accounts;  prin-bkur-^mUan^  mes- 
senger, vulgo;^nn  skur-ba,  sprin-ba  to  send 
word,  information,  Ky^r-ba^  to  bring  tidings, 
intelligence;  sprddrpa,  ^prdd-pa  to  deliver; 
smrd'ba^  r)6dr-pa^  byid-pa  to  report,  to  de- 


^^p^i 


liver  messages  orally;  to  superiors:  y%6l-ba^ 
iu-ba;  to  inferiors:  sgd^a,  ysun-ba;  Hd-boi 
prin  yah  d^-la  byds  Ug  deliver  a  message 
to  him  also  from  me  Dzl. ;  prin-ytam  mes- 
sage, report  Cs.;  prin-pa  messenger;  news- 
monger (^.;  prin^bzdn  gospel  Ckr.  Prot; 
prin-yig  letter,  epistle;  prin-ldn  answer  to 
a  message.  —  prin-lds  (W,  *cag^lds*)  1. 
resp.  for  las  labour,  business;  deed,  work, 
frq.;  rdb^ta-ynds-pai  prin- las  mdzad  (the 
Buddhas)  performed  the  work  of  consecra- 
ting Glr.;  prin 'Ids  imam  hhi  the  same  as 
hi^gyas-dbah-drdg^  prin-lds  Glr.,  v.  ex- 
planation onder  H-^;  prm-lds  (fdl^Oyj^nn- 
bbdl  bySdr^a  ccdpar.  to  commit  a  thing  to 
another  person's  care  or  trust,  e.g.  before 
going  on  a  journey;  in  reference  to  gods: 
to  recommend  to  their  protection  or  blessing 
Glr.  and  elsewh.  —  2.  po.  for  prin-tds-pa 
commissary  Glr.,  where  Avalokitesvara  is 
called  prin-lds  of  all  Buddhas.  —  3.  effi- 
ciency, power  Mil. 

^'^pru-gu  V.  prug. 

w-q-  prurha^  jpru-ha  =  KSg^ma  earthen  pet, 
^      pan,  stew-pan. 

^^  pru^ma^  jprvrma  1.  uterus,  mabix  of 
^  animals,  or  ace.  to  Cs.  merely  the  in- 
teguments of  the  eggs ;  ace.  to  some,  also 
the  urinary  bladder.  —  2.  encampment,  ^ 
dmag-sgdr  hex. 

^m  prug  1.  in  compounds  for  prug-gu, 
^  '  pru^gu  child,  a  young  one  (of  animals); 
prug-gti-mo  a  little  girl  Cs.;  prug^gu  skyidr 
pa  to  beget  children,  yso-ba  to  rear,  to  bring 
up  (children);  prug-gu  skye  a  child  is  bom; 
sor  a  miscarriage,  abortion,  takes  place; 
pHtg-gui  dus  childhood;  da -prug  orphan; 
7ia^;jc^*M^  bastard ;  gldh-pmg  the  young  one 
of  an  elephant;  sM-prtig  a  lion's  cub  etc.; 
roetaph.  of  disciples  and  subalterns:  faon- 
prug  the  merchants  of  a  caravan  in  their 
relationship  to  their  leader  ^on^pdn.  —  2. 
fine  cloth  or  woollen  stuffs  Wts,^  snawrprug 
id.,  dbuS'pru^  woollen  goods  from  U  Mil- 
MTOT  pf^^  one  day  with  the  night,  a  pe- 
^  '  riod  of  24  hours,  —  but  this  sig- 
nification does  not  hold  good  in  every  case. 


VwTV.'^ 


i 


^^^^i' prud-yzon 

S3^^^i,'  jfrud-yion  v.  yzoii-pa, 

gjj"  J^^  ^^  ^^^  S,g.  f  prum-i^  cartilage, 


355 


O^^  ^pan 


g^^T^^'  pt^mr-picm  SiL  =  pum-pum. 
gO^'  preu  Cs,  ^prd-mo, 

^Z^P[  pren-ba  v.  ^preh-ba, 

^'  predy  ^fh-ed,  cro$8,  transverse;  across, 
^  '  athwart,  obliquely;  prdd-du^  col.  V^d- 
fed'la*^  crossways,  in  a  crQss  direction; 
prdd-lavty  a  path  (horizontal  or  inclined) 
leading  along  the  side  of  a  mountain,  (cf. 
on  the  other  hand  ^pran);  predrytdn  bolt 
or  bar  of  a  gate;  ^i^d-la  ddn-po^^  horizon- 
tal W. 

^^pro'bo  something  like:  a  child's  frock 
^      or  chemise  Ld,  (?) 

^f]*  prog  etc.  v.  ^pf'og;  ^^T,    ^'  prob, 

prol  V.  ^prob^  oproL 

§^'  pros  V.  ^prd-ba. 

Q^q*  oPy-P^^^  pf-  o^«$r8,  1.  to  rise,  to  be 
'  raised,  e.g.  a  post  or  stake  raised 
by  the  frost;  to  soar  up,  to  fly  up  to  heaven, 
a  miraculous  feat  often  performed  by  the 
saints  ot  legends,  DzL  and  elsewh.;  of  rays 
of  light,  Dzl  and  elsewh. ;  fig. :  to  be  higher, 
more  elevated,  dei  st^h-du  (or  de-las)  dpaff- 
Udd  brgyad'Uri  (or  more  accurately  Uris) 
^pags-so  Glr,,  Pth.^  (this  region)  lies  by 
80000  miles  higher  than  that^S^.;  to  grow 
larger,  longer,  of  the  apparent  lengthening 
of  the  teeth  when  aching  W. ;  of  horses:  to 
rear,  to  rise  up  on  the  hind-legs;  more  par- 
ticularly of  the  deifying  of  saints;  thus  the 
demi-god-like  king  Srontsansgampo  in  his 
farewell  speech  says:  I^ed  kun  ^pdgs-pai 
byirtr^labs  ym  I  am  the  divine  instrument 
of  your  elevation  (your  elevation-blessing), 
he  who  will  eflfect  your  ascent  to  heaven 
or  deification;  partpf.  oi5ays-p«(S«A.'^l|%5), 
sublime,  exalted,  raised  above,  pdl-las  ^pdgs- 
par  bzan-ba  a  more  than  ordinary  beauty 
DzL\  yian^pas  ^dgs-par  gyur-to  he  far 
excelled  others  DzL;  Icydd-^par)  ^pags-{pa\ 


distinguished,  excellent,  glorious,  yid-las  Kyad- 
o^ags  rgya-gar-yul  India,  the  most  glorious 
country;  ndr-sna  Uydd-par  ^pdga-pa  brgxjai 
Jbul-ba  an  oftering  of  a  hundred  of  the  most 
costly  kinds  of  jewels  Pih.\  esp.  in  refe- 
rence to  holy  persons,  things,  places  etc. ; 
title  of  saints,  and  teachers  of  religion,  with 
the  fem.  ^pdgs-ma;  ^pdgs-pa^f^  excellence' 
is  Avalokitesvara,  in  W,  esp.  the  one,  that 
has  his  throne  at  Triloknath  in  Chamba, 
V.  re-Qpdgs;  the  word  is  also  frq.  used  as 
an  epithet,  placed  at  the  head  of  the  title- 
pages  of  religious  writings;  lastly  it  is  a 
name  of  common  persons.  —  ^pdgs-pai  noi* 
Wwnthe  seven  treasures  of  the  saints:  abyin- 
pa^  fsul'KrimSy  ddd-pa  and  the  like  Mil.  — 
opdg8(-pai)  ytd  J .  elevated  country,  high- 
land. 2.  the  holy  land  of  the  Buddhists, 
the  tracts  of  the  middle  Gtmges;  ^pogs-pai 
skad^  the  Sanskrit  language  Lex,  —  oP^^' 
rgyal  Tar.  and  elsewh.  =  ^^f^fH  Sch/.^ 
town  and  district  of  Ujain.  —  2.  the  word 
is  stated  to  imply  also  to  play,  to  joke,  to 
make  sport  6'. 

QZJC^'  oPO'n  1 .  V.  'pan  I.  —  2.  also  ^pahs^ 
dpahs^  spans^  height,  ^pdh-du,  ^pdns- 
su  in  height;  Uri-^poM  v.  AH,  go-^pah  v. 
go\  ynam-^pan^  the  height  of  the  heavens 
Lex.,  Mil. ;  dbu^^pah  fig.  highness,  subli- 
mity, dkon-mcog-gi  dbu-^pdn  smdd-pa  to 
lower,  to  detract  from  the  sublimity  of  God 
(v.  dkon-mHog)^  to  blaspheme  God  Doman; 
^paiia-mfd  high  Dzl.;  ^pdhs-mfo-ba^  ^pam- 
mfon-drndn  relative  height  Dzl. 
Q^-q-  f.pdn-ba  fut.,  ^pam-^api.  of.  ^p^- 
pa. 

OfiJCSrcr  oP^^^"?^  1-  ^^^'  ^^^  pdns-pa  to 
spare,  to  save  DzL;  kindly  and 
carefully  to  protect  from  harm,  e.g.  a  drun- 
ken Lama  Thgy. ;  hence  prob.  the  version 
W^»  opam-mid  yfoh'Seim-ldun  liberal, 
bounteous,  without  restriction  S.g.  —  2. 
Olr.  also  for  ^pdns-pa  provinc. 
Q^^  ^Pan  I.  V.  pan  (I).  —  H.  Jdnyvl 
'  Glr.,  ^pdn-po  Hue  II,  242;  name  of 
the  nearest  alpine  valley  north  of  Lhas% 
the  inhabitants  of  which  are  said  to  speak 
an  indistinct  dialect. 

23* 


356 


^ 


QrjSJ'q*  o^«^-^«,  pf.  ^«^,  opp.  to  rffydl- 
ba  to  be  beaten,  conquered,  to  come 
off  a  loser,  to  get  the  worst  of,  yyuJ^-las)  in 
battle  Dzl,\  Iha-ma-yin-las  by  the  Asuras 
Dom,;  in  law-suits,  in  traffic  etc.;  ^pdm- 
pa/r  ^gyivr-ha  B.^  *pam  (lo-wa*  C.  id  ;  also 
with  pam,  as  if  it  were  a  sbst. :  *pam  kur- 
tea*  C.  to  put  up  with,  to  bear  a  loss,  da- 
mage, defeat;  ^pam  bldn-ba  Glr,,  Pth.  prob. 
id.;  ^fdTnrpar  byed-pa  to  beat,  to  defeat, 
to  conquer,  rgyd-maTm  ^pdm-par  by  as  he 
conquered  the  Chinese  Glr,;  rds-pas  b&n- 
po  cos'kyis  pdm-byas-te  Raspa  overcoming 
the  Bonpo  by  the  doctrine  of  Buddha  (v. 
COS  3.)  Mil;  *pam  bug -be  or  kdl-be*^  W. 
id.;  pam  pog  sen  I  have  met  with  a  loss, 
I  suffered  damage,  opp.  to  gyal  fob  son; 
pam-rgydl  ma  bsres-na  if  one  is  not  inclined 
now  for  a  serious  struggle,  will  not  stand 
the  chance  of . . .  Mil;  yid-^pdm-pa  Mil,^ 
*sems  pdwrpd^  C.  dejection;  yid'^pdmrma 
a  low-spirited,  dejected  woman  Mil,;  pd'tn- 
pa  Glr.^  pdm-po  the  vanquished  etc. ;  ^pam- 
pe  no-len  cd-ce*  W.  to  give  in,  to  ask  ^dkX- 
don;  mi-^pdm  I .  invincible.  2.  a  man's  name. 
3.  mi-^pani  mg&n-po  Zam,^  also  mi-^pdm 
^6s-kyi  rye  is  stated  to  be  —  ^am-dbydns. 

QTMxr  o^^^  ^^*  ^^  compounds:  board,  sgo- 
^par  board  or  leaf  of  a  door. 

0^^Q(    ^pdr-ba  I.  sbst.  v.  pdr-ba, 

II.  vb.  (vb.  n.  to  ^pdr-ba)  1.  to  rebound, 
of  stones,  ^bar-ndn-la*  W,  to  splash  up,  of 
water,  to  fly  up,  of  sparks;  to  leap,  to  bound, 
to  throb,  of  the  veins,  rtsa  ^par^  the  pulse 
is  beating;  *par  td-ce*  W.,  to  feel  one's 
pulse;  *nyih-kapar  dug"*^  his  heart  is  throb- 
bing, palpitating;  ^pdir-ra  rag*l  have  heart- 
throbbing  (v.  rag^ ;  ^pdr-^pro  cad  v.  ^pro- 
ba  2;  sd-la  ^pdr-ba,  to  .fidget,  to  be  restless, 
to  jump,  from  fear  P(h.;  pdr-gyis  ^pdr-ba 
Lea.  prob.  the  same  as  ^pdr-ba.  —  2.  Cs, 
to  be  raised,  elevated,  promoted,  advanced. 
Qf^x:^'  opdr-ma^  Sch,  ^double,  manifold'; 
brgya-^par-ma^  Sch,  ^more  than 
hundred'. 

Q^Sjaj'rTi'  oV^^'9^  ^«->  incision,  indentation, 
'  notch. 


Q%rq'  oj^-p«,  p^'P^y  pf.  oP^  Sch,  = 

J)ig(sypa, 
fl^^'^'  oPir-ba  Ts,  =  Jur-ba,  to  fly. 

ajgcq*  oP^f^-ba,  pf.  pun,  to  sink,  to  begin 
^  to  decay,  to  be  in  declining  circum- 
stances, to  get  into  misery,  either  by  one's 
own  fault,  or  that  of  others  (opp.  to  6e«- 
ba)  Glr,  and  elsewh.;  bod-yul  ^pun-bat  las 
a  deed  to  the  detriment  of  Tibet  Glr,;  in 
a  similar  manner  bdd-yul  ^pun-bat  pun-gdn^ 
mischievous  conjurers  in  order  to  iuflict  an 
injury  on  Tibet  Ld.-Glr,  Scfd,  21,  b;  mgdr- 
gyis  rgyd-yul  pun-bar  byds-pa-mams  drdn- 
nas,  remembering  the  calamities  brought  on 
China  by  Mgar  Glr,;  ^pun-bar  .^gyur-ba  R, 
^pun-du  dd-wc^  6'.,  *pun  M-ce*  W,,  to  be 
ruined,  to  perish,  ^pun-bar  byed-pa  J5., 
^pun-la  sbydr-ba  Mil,,  prob.  also  ytdn-ba, 
Jug-pa  to  ruin,  to  undo  Pth.;  ran-^pm 
having  been  reduced  by  one's  own  fault; 
^pun-dkrol  or  Icrol  the  decay  of  fortune,  ruin, 
destruction  Mil,  and  elsewh. ;  ^pun-yzi  cause, 
occasion  of  decay  Mil, 

^  '      to  separate,  =  Jbud-pa  Cs.  (?),  Ug- 
pa  ^pud-pa,  to  clear,  to  part  the  flour  from 
the  bran,  to  sieve  Sch,  (?) 
Q5jfl-jrt-  ^pub-pa  =  Jbub-pa  to  cover  With  a 

^  roof  ScA.(?) 

a;g:^'q'  oi^w^-^a,  pf.  pur,  1.  to  fly;  pu^r-gyi& 
"^  ^pur-ba  Lex,,  prob.  id. ;  cf.  par- 

ba,  —  2.  to  wrap  up,  envelop,  mufRe  up; 
Dzl.  ^j?sS,  10:  nn-po-^  gds-hyi  mfd-mar 
the  gem  into  the  skirt  of  the  coat,  and  like- 
wise DzlTQiJy  13  read:  gds-mfar  pur-U, 
inst.  of  byuh-ste;  mgo  gds^kyis  Mil,  (col. 
not  used).  —  3.  =  mnyM-^a  to  rub  with  the 
hand,  e.g.  linen  in  washing,  leather  in  tan- 
ning Glr,;  to  scratch  (softly)  C. 

asjqvd^-)  oP^-m)?^^  *  sogsda- 
^  i/^f  gde-^pul-datiy  these  and 

others  have  d  with  the  prefix  g:  bds-^pul- 
kao  words  beginning  with  k  with  the  prefix 
b;  bd-yis  ^pul-bai  sla,  viz.  bsla  . . .;  das- 
^pul-med  these  receive  no  (2  as  prefix;  «a- 


5J 


K 


ra-ld-mams  ^pul-tsul  ni  the  manner  in 
which  prefixes  are  joined  with  words  be- 
ginning with  5,  r  or  Z;  rhywh'^^l  words  be- 
ginning with  a  simple  consonant  (to  which 
also  ya-y  ra-^  and  la- tags  are  reckoned), 
preceded  by  a  prefix;  brtsegs-^puly  words 
beginning  with  two  consonants  and  a  prefix 
e,g,  bska  Grram. 

Q^iai'fl'  o^Z-ia  I.  V.  the  preceding  article. 
^  —  11.  vb.  1.  =  Jml'bay  to  give.  — 

2.  to  push,  to  jostle;  ""pul-fug  gydb-ce^,  to 
push  with  the  fist,  with  the  trunk,  (of  ele- 
phants) etc.,  W,;  gru-mm  ^pul-rdeg  dig  byed- 
pa,  to  jostle  with  the  elbow  Mil,;  vulgo 
*pul'dag  or  fag*  W,,  ^^pul-fsu^  C. 

^^  oP^ff  V.  peg. 

q^<rq'  oP^-p^  pf-  o^^^s,  fut.  (and  frq. 
for  the  pres.)  ^pan^  im^.pon^pahs^ 
1.  to  throw,  to  cast,  to  fling;  ndm-mHa-la 
into  the  aif  DzL;  Kdr-bar,  to  throw  into 
the  orb  of  transmigration  MiL ;  dmydl-bar^ 
to  cast  into  hell  Thgy. ;  */ca  pdn  -  ce*,  to 
shovel  snow  (out  of  the  road,  from  the  roof); 
*pdn-te  b&r-i'a  tsig-te  bot**  am  I  to  throw 
down  the  wood,  or  pile  it  up?  W.;  *pu 
pdn-ce*  to  cast  the  hair  W.;  hence  ^paif, 
spindle,  and  ^pM-sin,  ace.  to  Sch.,  a  wea- 
ver's shuttle  (it  being  flung).  —  2.  to  fire 
off,  to  discharge,  to  let  fly,  mda,  an  ar- 
row, yzan-lay  at  another  DzL\  ^pen-du/i 
dart,  javelin  5^. ;  to  shoot,  ^pen-mi  Us-pa, 
W.  ^pah-mi'heS'Uan!^,  one  that  does  not 
know  how  to  shoot.  —  3.  Sch,  ^pen-pa 
btan-ba  lo  intend,  to  have  a  mind,  to  think 
upon,  to  consider',  (yet  in  the  only  passage, 
in  which  I  met  with  the  word,  in  Thgr,^ 
the  above  meaning  does  not  seem  appli- 
cable). 

a^OJ-q-  oP^l'b<^  I-  vb.  }^i,pel  (TO)  yb.  n. 
to  spd'ba,  opp.  to  ^rw-pa,  1.  to 
increase,  augment,  multiply,  enlarge,  frq.; 
*sum  Ian  nyi-la  tsam  peV^  how  many  are 
two  times  three?  W,;  ^pel-^rib-kyi  dbdn- 
gis  in  consequence  of  the  increase  and  de- 
crease Oram,;  ^pel-^gtib-ndd^  prob.  diseases 
arising  from  an  excess  or  deficiency  of  hu- 
mours tr^.  — 2.  to  improve,  to  grow  better, 

1  2^''^^      I    ^ 


I 


q^a^q'  ^pdm-pa 


357 


L5^c(Q^icV)^r•<^  ox^^^'5c^c^^J^>^.^t|   z 


,o*- 


^sam-ytdn  or  ftigs-ddm  ^pM-ba  yin  medi- 
tation has  improved,  has  proceeded  better 
Mil.  —  II.  sbst.,  Sch,  also  ^pel-ka^  1.  in- 
crease.  2.  development  S.g, 
Q^q*  oP^'^^  pf-  «^^  ii^p-  oP%  P^^^P-  i^" 

trans,  to  spd-ba,  =  ynas-spo-ba;  1. 
to  change  place,  shift,  migrate  frq.;  myur- 
du  ^pos-hg,  go  speedily  elsewhere!  DzL; 
in  a  more  genenil  sense  to  change,  ^po-vM 
bd^-ba  changeless  happiness;  in  a  similar 
sense  ^o-^gyur-mM-pai  mal-Jbydr  MiL; 
yet  frq.  also  vb.  a.:  Uii-ba  yan  ^po  yah  ^po 
byds  hih  pouring  off  the  gravy  again  and 
again  Pth,;  very  frq.  fse  ^pd-ba,  JH-^pd- 
ba,  si'^pd'ba,  to  exchange  life,  to  die,  (in 
the  earlier  literature  the  most  comn;ion  ex- 
pression for  it) ;  the  last  of  the  above  terms 
prob.  may  be  explained  by  ci-iin  ^pd-ba; 
ci'oPO'ba  ^ddbs'pa,  Thgr.  frq.  seems  to 
mean:  to  help  the  soul  to  a  happy  depar- 
ture. —  2.  C,  to  fall  out,  to  shed,  of  wheat 
and  corn  in  general. 

Q^n'^'  oP^y'P^-i  P*-  ^^^  secondary  form 
'  pog,  to  hit,  strike,  touch,  befal,  meet, 
mhdr-bai  dris  opdg-pa  fams-cdd  all  whom 
the  sweet  odour  met,  to  whom  it  became 
perceptible  DzL ;  gen.  with  la:  ^od-z^r,  grib- 
ma  mi'la  ^pog,  a  ray  of  light,  a  shadow 
falls  upon  that  man  Glr,  frq.;  Ud-la  nad^ 
fsdd'pa,  cddr-pa  ^pog,  disease,  heat,  punish- 
ment etc.  has  befallen  him;  yza-Jpog-mkan 
an  epileptic  person  W,,  C;  the  signification: 
to  hurt,  seems  to  be  less  inherent  to  the 
word  than  dependent  on  contingent  circum- 
stances. 

aSc'  oP^^  C^'  archery,  ^pdh  -  sa  archery 
ground,  ^pdii-mkan  archer,  Qpoh- 
skyen  good,  skilful  archer  DzL  2\  c  o        ' 
n^r'l^kr  oP^^'^^^^  ^^'  buttocks;  Qpons  sit-/ 

ting-part,  posteriors  Lt,  Wdn.;  v  /-  ' 
^pdh-la  skydn-pa  Sch,  'the  riding  of  two 
persons  on  one  horse'.  ' 

Q^^-q-  oP<^^'P^  1-  vb.,  pf.  ^pom  or pohSy  r  ^^j^-^i 

to  be  poor,  indigent;  ^pdhs-par 
62:w5r-^a  to  let  (another)  pine  in  poverty  Thgy.; 
with  instrum.  to  be  deprived  of,  to  lose,  rgydl- 
po  srds'kyis  ^pdhs-nas  the  king  having  lost 
his  son  Pth,  —  2.  also  pdhs-pa,  sbst.  poverty, 


U^'  ^- 


358 


^^^  oV<id-pa 


«r 


Q^'S^  ^pjfiUa 


and  adj.  poor,  v.  pdns-pa'^  perh.  also  dejected, 
disheartened. 

q^-q-  Jdd'pa^pdd'pa,  Ck;  0^^' 

^p&n-po  =  p6n'po\  0^P[^  ^pdb-pa  = 

Jb^bs-pa  Sch, 

Qfirq*  o;5ya-6a,  pf.  ^pyas,  ace.  to  Lex.  = 
^  smdd'pa  to  biame,  censure,  chide; 
the  context  however,  in  which  the  word 
occurs,  seems  to  suggest  the  meaning:  to 
scoff,  to  deride,  {Sch.)  e.g.  Dzl  ^%  13. 
9^^  7.  ^®,  15 ;  also  Pth.  mis  ^pyd-ru  ^on^ 
people  will  laugh^  at  you. 

qcprq-  oVyo^g-f^,,  pf.  oh^^  ovpyag?  to 
^  '      sweep,  to  clean  Lex.,  Ptii.;  cf. 
pyag-dctr. 

QOT^'q*  oi52/«^  -  *a>  pf.  oh^^^y  vb.  n.  to 
^  dpyd/i-ba,  to  hang  down,  dar  snon- 
poi  ge-sa  ^pyah-ba  a  handkerchief  of  blue 
silk  hanging  down  from  the  head  Sambh.; 
md-mhi  fur-du  ^pydrl-ba  the  lower  lip 
hanging  down,  as  a  sign  of  death  S.g.',  to 
cling  to  a  person,  from  love  etc.;  rye-btsun- 
gyi  sku-la  MU.,  to  the  Reverend's  person  (or 
body?);  ju-Un  ^pydh-ba  to  cling  to,  to  take 
a  firm  hold  of  Thgy.  —  ^pyan-tdg  plumb- 
line,  sounding -line  C,  also  dpydn-tag.  — 
^cdn-Kem-pa*  rope-dancer,  esp.  at  the  festi- 
vities of  new-year  C. 
asr-^Wr  or"^'  ^pyan-rm^nyu^or-yv^ 
^      >i  '      ^  '  Sch.,  singular,  strange. 

QQ^'  ^pyad  Sch.  =  pyad. 

aZ^SiZy  oPydn-paLexx,  -  ydn-pa  to  ramble, 
"^  '      to  range,  roam  about,  wander,  stray 
from;  ^pydn-te  ^rd-ba  Dzl  :?vSO,  4. 
-,  j«-~.  ^pydr-Ica  Sch.,  blame,  affront,  dis- 
^   '     grace. 

^  to  raise,  to  lift  up;  pru-gu  ndm- 
7rd-a4a  Glr.  to  lift  the  infant  up  to  heaven ; 
to  hold  aloft,  e.g.  the  dor-^e  in  practising 
magic,  pointing  it  towards  heaven;  so  also 
sdig-mdzub  to  raise  the  finger  Mil;  rdl- 
gHy  to  lift  up  the  sword  to  fetch  a  blow; 
to  lift  up  the  grain  in  a  shovel,  hence:  to 
fan,  to  sift,  to  winnow.  —  2.  to  hoist,  a  flag, 
frq.;  ^pyar-ddr  or  dar-^pydr,  a  flag;  in  a 


general  sense:  to  hang  up,  so  esp.  W.^car- 
la*  {Lad,  *cd8-la*  for  cdrs-la),  ^bdr-c^  ii.; 
*Mr'la  tdn^ce*  to  hang  a  man;  car -sin 
gallows ;  occ^onally  too :  to  cling  or  stick 
to  an  object.  -—  3.  Cs.  to  show,  to  represent, 
to  excite,  to  waken;  opya^^yyen,  engaging, 
winning  behaviour  {=  ojog-^egs),  pydr-ba 
byed'pa  to  assume  an  alluring  attitude; 
Qpydr-ka-can,  tempting,  graceful,  charm- 
ing. 
Q§'fl'  oPl/^'^^  I-  ^l^st.  marmot,  pyi-ba.  — 

^  II.  vb.  pf.  pyisy  opyis  1.  to  be  lale, 
to  be  belated,  to  come  too  late;  gdl-te  ^pyis- 
na,  if  I  come  too  late  Dzl',  da  Icyod  bun 
oPyis-pa  yin  you  come  just  a  little  too  late 
Pth. ;  ^piji-mo  v.  j^i  II.  —  2.  also  ^pyid- 
pa  to  wipe,  to  blot  out,  mig  to  wipe  the 
eyes  Pth.;  mci-ma  the  tears  Glr.\  to  put! 
out,  spu  the  hair  W.\  to  tear  out,  rlig-fa 
the  testicles  Sch.;  ^pyi-rds  Cs.,  wiper,  wip- 
ing-clout,  duster;  Idg-^pyiCs.,  towel,  v.^ll. 
q^qrq-  opy^ff-p^^  Sch.  to  b\nd,hett^r  ^Icyig- 

^   '       pa. 

^§^'^*  oPy^d-pa  V.  ^pyt-ba. 

aSfaj'fl'  oPy^i'^^  for  ^Mytl-ba  to  wind,  to 

^  twist,  (the  hair)  Wdn. 

^  '^   ^      be  mistaken,  also  W.-,  to  miss, 
lam,  the  road  Lex.;   cu-tsddy   to  mistake 
the  hour  Pth. 
asj^'i^'  oVy^'^'^^  ^-  *®  mount,  to  rise  up, 

^  of  smoke;  to  overflow;  inundate,  of 
rivers  and  lakes  Lex.  —  2.  Sch.  to  heap 
up,  to  accumulate?  y.pyur-bu. 

o^q-  oFy-*«>  pf.  oVy^^  to  craw'j  ^  creep, 
^^  like  snakes;  esp.  Ito-^pye,  'belly- 
creeper',  snake,  serpent;  ^py^-ba  ^en-po, 
Mf\\^\y  name  of  a  demon;  Jjy^-bo,  fern. 
7fw  cripple  Lex.  =  rkan-med. 

^pyen  Mil.  =  pyen,  wind,  ytdn-ba,  to 
let  go  a  wind. 
rn"  oPy^'^^  pf'  oPy^^^  !•  to  swim,  of 
■  fishes,  Mil  —  2.  to  soar,  to  float 
in  the  air  Thgy.  —  3.  to  flow,  heave,  swell, 
of  fluids  Mng.;  ^pyo-ddr-ba  Sch.,  to  un- 
dulate. —  4.  to  range,  roam  about,  gambol, 
rtse-hin  ^pyd-ba,  of  deer  Mil;  ri4a  ^ 


OgC'q'  ^vyo^'ha 


sr 


859 


Q^^GTZT  .prdUba 


dguy  po.  the  wild  animals  of  the  field  Sch. 
—  5.  snyin  ^pyo  Sch.,  'the  heart  is  swel- 
ling, courage  is  rising';  however  s^-pa  ^pyo 
Med,y  seems  rather  to  imply:  consciousness 
gives  way,  is  wavering,  flitting;  sems  ^pyo 
Ltf 

;'fl'  oVy^^'b^  ^^*  perh.  =  ^dn'ha\ 
occasionally,  like  ^pyom-pa  used 
incorr.  for  midm-pa, 
qg^^A^  o^ows-rjyiwScA.,  pride,  haugh- 

^      ^    tiness,  insolence. 
Q^iS:^  oi^^^^w-wa,  hariot,  proetitiite,  hyidr 

^  '       pay  to  whore,  to  fornicate  Lex, 
aS^'q*  oPy^'^^'i  V.  pydr-ha^  also  for  tdr- 
^»;  oPy^-po  for  m^&r-po^  hence 
j^-dga  Sch,  dandy,  fop. 
Q^^^^f  o^y^*-^'*^  'StjA.,  purchase-price  of 
^  a  bride. 

Qfiffl'  oprd'ba  1.  vb.,  also  jjrd-6a,  pt^jSrcw, 

^  to  lack,  to  jeric,  to  strike  with  the  foot, 
^prorsdgs  a  stroke  or  kick  with  the  foot, 
byid-pa  to  kick  about  with  the  feet,  in  a 
paroxysm  of  pain  or  anguish,  Pth,\  Ha- 
lag  gydb-pa^y  to  give  one  a  kick.  —  II. 
^prd-ha^  prd-mo. 
QOTT    QOTrq-  oP^(^ffj  oprdff-pa,  to  envy, 

"^  ' '     ^  '      grudge,  v.  prog. 
QpK'     5JC  oP^^^y  pran,  lam-^prdhy  a  foot- 

"^  '  ^  path  along  a  narrow  ledge  on 
the  side  of  a  precipitous  wall  of  rock  (not 
'a  defile  or  narrow  pass'  Sch.\  frq.;  bar- 
dm  Qpran  the  road  of  the  abyss  of  the  bar- 
do^  (as  with  us :  the  valley  of  death)  frq. 
Thgr. ;  bdr-doi  ^pran-sgrdl^  prob.  a  prayer 
for  deliverance  from  that  abyss  Thgr. 
QX^Qj^o^"  oP^^^ '  oP^l  Sch.  something 
^^       ^      hanging  down. 

QfiK'Q'  oP*^*^^  pf-  *°^  ^^^'  ^ad  to  meet 
^  together;  dan  to  meet  with,  to  fall 
in  with,  to  find;  de  dan  prdd-do^  you  shall 
see  him  DzL ;  de  ni  na  dan  prad  mi  fub^ 
him  I  cannot  admit  DzL;  bdag  dan  ^prdd- 
par  ^off  tig,  come  to  see  me  DzL ;  mar  na 
dan  ^^ddrpai  ^dg-tu  not  until  they  have 
met  me  (sensu  obscoeno)  DzL;  byis-^ai  ro 
hg  dan  prdd-do  he  found  the  dead  body 
of  an  infant  DzL;  jpradrfsams  Sch.^  inter- 
secting  line  of  two  plains,  comer,  angle. 


^a;  ^prdb-byid^a  to  flutter,  of  a 
bird  wounded  by  a  shot. 
qgq-    goj'  oP^^h  P^ol'>  prob.  to  be  re- 

^     '   ^       garded  as  a  sbst.,  like  drun^ 
mdun^  sna  etc.,  expressing  immediate  near- 
ness; 1.  in  reference  to  space,  but  seldom, 
as  for  instance  ^prdMu  Ryi  Mridrde^  having 
a  dog  near  at  hand  Glr.;  gen.  2.  with  re- 
spect to  time:  pral  dan  pugs,  what  is  going 
to  happen  immediately  and  at  a  later  period, 
presence  and  futurity;  ^pral-pugs-kyi  ^al- 
rky^  famS'Cdd  s^Ubar  byed  Olr.  to  avert 
immediate  and  subsequent  disasters ;  ^pral 
pugs  gdn-la  bzaii  that  is  good  both  for  the 
nearest  and  the  more  distant  future;  ^pral 
dan  yun-du  now  and  for  a  long  time  to 
come;  ^pral-sog-Jog'inM'par  "mihoath^Ay- 
ing  gathered  or  laid  up  any  thing  for  daily 
use  MiL;  oprdl-gyi  jiug-tsugs  ndn-pa  a 
poor  temporary  dwelling,  or  also :  a  com- 
mon, ordinary  dwelling,  v.  no.  3 ;  ^pral^u 
ha  yian  ma  myedrde  as  at  the  moment  he 
was  not  able  to  procure  any   other  meat 
DzL;  ^prdl'du  sleb  yon  MU.   I  shall  come 
immediately;  ^prdl-du  dgds-pai  yo-bydd 
the  things  necessary  for  daily  use  DzL; 
^prdl'du  Jyy&r-ba  ma  yin  that  is  not  to 
be  had  at  a  moment's  bidding  DzL;  also 
postp.  eg. :  dei  ^prdl-la  pan  that  will  help 
the  moment  directly  after  it;  more  frq.  after 
verbal  roots  =  ma-fdg-tu:  pebs-prdl  as  soon 
as  he  had  arrived  Mil. ;  smras-prdl  as  soon 
as  it  has  been  spoken  S.g.;  skyes-prdl  im- 
mediately after  birth  Lt;  in  compounds: 
pral-rkyin,  pt*al'dgds,  pral-pugs  cf.  above; 
pral-grig  finished,  ready,  prepared,  in  pro- 
per case,  (vulgo,  esp.  in  PT.,  a  word  much 
used)  *ial-dig  cd-b^  to  prepare,  to  get 
ready.  —  3.  fig.,  common,  ordinary,  of  daily 
occurrence,  common-place,  prdl^kad  J?.,  C, 
{W.  *pdl-kad^)  common  dialect;  ies  pral- 
skad  -  la  snah  so  you  may  hear  it  in  the 
language  of  the  common  people,   Cham., 

Wdfi. 

asfGrfl*  oP'^^"^^5  pf*  K^^  ^^^'  ^^^h  i™p- 

^  prol,  vb.a.  to  Jbrdl-ba,  to  separate, 

to  part,  *Ka  fdl'wa*,  id.,  C\;  dan  from; 


360 


l^^^'^'  oP'dt-pa 


(^^\^)  oPrvK-f^a) 


rtags  dan  pral  he  deprived  them  of  their 
insigoia  Olr.;  arog  dan  ^prdl-ba  to  put  to 
death,  to  inflict  capital  punishment  Glr.; 
zug-tu  ^prdl'ba  to  cut  into  quarters  (cattle) 
Mil, ;  Itd'ba  prdl-ba  to  cut  open,  to  rip  up 
the  belly  Tar,\  dbrdUbar  dka  difficult  to 
part,  hard  to  be  kept  asunder  Lex. 
Q^f^q-  f.prdS'pa  1.  pf.  of /rd- 6a;  as  sbst. 

^  stroke,  blow,  kick  with  the  foot, 

Cs,;  rkan-Qprds,  id.;  rtas-^pras  rgyag-pa^ 
the  kicking  of  a  horse;  lag-^prds^  a  blow 
with  the  hand,  6i.;  JH-^frds  Lewx.^  si-^prds 
vulg.  (W,  ^Hu'ids  or  |f^*),  the  kicking, 
struggling,  moving  in  convulsions,  of  a  dy- 
ing man  or  animal,  agony.  {Sch,  ^pras,  to 
lie  on  one's  side?).  —  2.  instrum.  of  opra, 
Sch.:  pros  spras-pa. 
qft'fl-  opri-ba  pf.  and  imp.  pri(8)y  fut.  dbriy 

^  vb.a.  to  ^bri-ba,  to  lessen,  diminish; 
to  take  away  from,  *]ca  ii-be*  to  take  ofiP  at 
the  top,  e.g.  from  too  full  a  measure  Wr^ 
more  in  the  special  sense  of  subtracting, 
with  different  construction :  de  (or  d^-yw  or 
d^^la^  tig-TO  pri-ba-yu  60  diminished  by 
this,  or:  this  being  subtracted  from  60; 
(tig-rd  =  cipher  six)  Wdk, 

qSqi'q-  o/^'*^-p«  1-  ^  struggle,  flutter,  Ck; 
^  '  to  throb,  pulsate,  Lt  —  2.  Sch,  to 
desire,  covet,  demand.  —  3.  ScL  to  be  sus- 
pected. —  4  error?  Schr.  ^prig-lddn^  er- 
roneous, mistaken,  faulty,  incorrect. 

Q^S(3r  ^prin  v.prin;  ^pnn-pa  to  inform  Cs. 

ag-q-  ^pru^ba,  C^g-SI-  o^'^-^«  v.pru^ba 
^  ^       etc. 

QOTi'q'  o  I'^-p^^  pf-  /'^^«»  to  scratch  one's 
^  '       self,  pi*ugs-na  Lt  if  one  scratches ; 
za-^prUg  byed  he  scratches  himself  on  ac- 
count of  an  itching  Med, 

OJ^pV^  oj^^s  S,0,,  perh.  =prug  II. 

qsrq'  o^^^  jugglery?  magical  deception,  the 
•^  abstract  noun  to  spruUba^  q.  v. ;  ^p^uU 
ce-ba  great  in  magic  power  Glr,;  ^prul- 
gyi  rgyal'po  the  magic  king,  enchanted 
king,  phantom-king  Glr.;  Jyruhghi  kon-^o 
the  enchantress  iibw-^^o  Glr, ;  oprul-gj/ispyan- 
gyis  with  a  magic  eye,  by  means  of  ma- 


gical vision  Dzl, ;  pd-rol  yndn-pai  ^prvl  dan 
Iddn-pa  possessing  magic  power  for  sub- 
duing an  enemy  Sambh,;  mdm-^par)  ^prtd 
('ba)y  ^o-^prul,  rdzu-^fhiil^  frq. ;  sgyit-^fkii 
less  frq.,  id.;  mig-^ffrtU,  optical  deception 
Cs.  —  oP^-ify^  ^kor-lo,  QpruUJtoTy  magie 
wheel,  in  ancient  literature  merely  a  phan- 
tastic  attribute  of  gods  etc.;  in  modem  life 
applicable  to  every  more  compUcated  ma- 
chine with  a  rotating  motion,  e.g.  a  sagar- 
mill  Stg,^  an  electrifying  machine  and  the 
like.  ^prtLMgai  Iha,  dga-bii-^prul-gt/i  Uia^ 
yian-dga-^prut-^an-byed-kgilha^  the  names 
of  various  regions  that  are  residences  of 
gods,  ^prul'sndn  1.  delusion,  mockery.  2. 
n.  of  a  monastery  in  Lhasa  founded  by  the 
Nepal  wife  of  Sron-btsan-sgam^po's. 

n.gfl|'^'  ^pruUfur  S.g.  seems  to  be  catheter. 

QCJOJ'fl'  oP^l-bay  1 .  by  its  form  intrs.  to 
^  sprul'ba;  ace.  to  Cs.  bot^  are  iden- 

tical in  meaning;  I  met  with  it  only  as  an 
abstract  noun  =  ^^prtU  in  mdm-par  ^prid- 
ba  (v.  under  oprul),  e.g.  mdm-par  ^prul- 
ba  du^ma,,  many  transformations,  magic 
tricks,  for  which  mamr-^prul  gen.  is  used. 
—  2.  to  be  mistaken,  to  err,  to  make  bhmders 
Mil,  better  Jcrtd-ba,  —  3.  to  separate,  part, 
discriminate,  the  good  from  the  bad,  truth 
from  falsehood  Ld.  (=  prdl-ba?  like  drun- 
po  and  drdn-po). 

O.^'^  oV^^^o,  pf.  ^pre»  Cs.,  ^pre  by^pa 
^^  Sch. J  to  incline,  to  lean  against;  to  put 
down,  to  lay  down;  Dzl.  or,  1 2,  where  how- 
ever the  context  is  not  perfectly  dear. 

a^yST)  ^(Qr\  o^^«(-*«).  pren{-ba) 
-N^  ^■^;,  ^  '^^^  sbst. col. Tr.*'.^-iia*, 
V:  *pan*)  Ssk,  iff^,  a  sfring,  a  thread  or 
cord,  on  which  things  are  filed,  strung,  or 
ranged,  e.g.  m^-tog-gi  ^preh-ba  Glr,  a  wreath, 
garland  of  flowers;  ^preh-ba  dmar-po  a 
wreath  of  red  flowers  Wdh. ;  gam-rii  a  circle 
ofsnow-mountains  ScAr. ;  wa^8-^yi,  of  woods 
Sambh.'y  Hn-rtai  ^pren-ba  rim  -  pa  bdun 
7  circles  of  chariots  Pth, ;  yig^^preh  a  line 
of  letters;  ^prin-ba  ^ddgs-pa  to  bind  a 
wreath;  ^pren-skitdy  ^en-tdg  the  string 
or  cord  of  the  wreath;  ^pren^rddg  bead, 


^^'^'  o^^-*« 


sr 


^^^^  oprod^a 


361 


hence  ^pr^-ba  esp.:  a  string  of  beads, 
rosary;  bgrah'^pren,  rosary  for  counting 
the  repetitions  of  prayers  and  magic  spells, 
being  ased  also  in  arithmetic,  as  an  aid 
to  memory;  mu-Ug-^pren  string  of  pearls, 
rosary  composed  of  pearls;  nor-bu-^pren- 
ha  of  precious  stones;  also  title  of  a  book; 
fig.  don  ma  go  fsig-gi  ^jyi^ih-ba  bzuh^  they 
only  keep  to  the  string  of  words,  without 
understanding  their  import  Mil. 
Q^-q*  ^prSn-ba  vb.n.  to  love,  to  be  fond 
^  of,  greatly  attached  to,  with  accus. 
of  the  person,  shns-la  and  similar  supple- 
mentary words  being  generally "added ;  bld- 
ma  yid'la  ^pr^n-bai  rtags^  bu-mo  sems-la 
^pr^n-bas  Glr.;  ydb-kyi  tugs -la  prH-bar 
gyur-te^  or  ^pren-bhin-du  as  she  was  very 
dear  to  her  father  Glr. ;  sin-tu  jprdn-ba  zig 
hyun  an  ardent  longing  for  home  came 
over  me  Mtl.nt 

(^)^^'  oP^^y  sometimes  incorr.  for  j[>;'aw. 

^^^*  oPf'^d,  V.  pf'ed,  —  Q,^^  Jrresy  v. 
^]^e'ba. 

Q^WOi'  oP^'^<^^  pf-  oV^'08,  prop.  vb.n.  to 
^  sprd'ba^  1.  gen.  with  /as,  from,  to 
proceed,  issue,  emanate  from,  to  spread,  in 
most  cases  rel.  to  rays  of  light;  sku  ^od- 
zh  ^prd-ba  a  body  from  which  rays  of 
light  proceed,  a  body  sending  forth  light 
Ghr.\  Cs.  also  relative  to  odours,  fame  etc.; 
occasionally  in  reference  to  descent  or 
pu-entage  Thgy,  —  2.  to  proceed,  to  go  on, 
conb'nue,  and  ^pro  continuation,  opp.  to  being 
finished,  at  an  end(/ScA.  incorr.:  'the  end'); 
*ldb-'to  hen-ghyi  i^-pc?  C.^  Schr,:  the  inter- 
ruption of  a  conversation  by  another  person; 
(jig ' pro  bbad  the  process  of  destruction 
came  to  an  end  Glr,\  sbyin-pai  ^pro  (?dd 
kyah  aldn-mo^ai  ^pro  ma  ^ad  Pth.  the  gifts 
bad  come  to  an  end,  but  not  the  begging; 
^par-^pro  cad  the  pulse  no  longer  beats 
Thgr,;  'Sos-bsgyur -^pro-imams  bskyur  the 
continuations  of  translating  were  thrown 
aside  Olr.\  of  the  soul:  ydd-^pi'o-la  mi 
yon  whilst  it  is  still  existing,  it  does  not 
come  forth,  i.e.  it  vanishes  imperceptibly, 
as  soon  as  an  attempt  is  made  to  find  out 


its  seat  and  to  demonstrate  its  essence 
MiL;  Qpro  fud-pa  to  annex  the  remainder, 
to  append  the  continuation;  *'(o  idg-pc^  C, 
to  lay  the  continuation  aside;  ^hol-wa*  to 
put  it  ofiF,  both  expressions  implying  an 
interruption  of  work;  ^pro  lus  son  or  las 
son  a  remainder  is  still  left  of  what  has 
not  been  used  or  consumed;  ^Jti ghari  'to- 
te*  after  this  has  been  filled  up  (by  pouring 
in  the  wanting  quantity)  C. 
n^-q-  oV^^g-V^y  pf-  ^^^  imp. /rogrs,  fut. 
^^  '  G^^^^o^l.  to  rob,  take  away;  to  deprive 
of,  ccgpar.  nor^  gos^  rgydl-poi  Idg-nas 
rgydl-sa  to  deprive  the  king  of  his  throne 
Glr.\  hence  rgydl-sa  prdgs-pai  mi  usurper 
Glr. ;  tsddrpas  mii  jnfu-stdbs  ^prog  the  heat 
deprives  a  man  of  bis  strength  Med.\  yet 
also:  sems-yid  ^prdg-pa  to  take  another 
man's  heart,  to  run  away  with  his  affec- 
tions, to  captivate  him  Gh\\  ^pTog-byed^ 
and  also  ^prdg-ma  =  dbah-pyug  1. 1[T^ 
i.e.  Shiwa,  or  also  Indra.  2.  symb.  num. : 
11.  —  rhi'^prdg^  robbery  Ma.^  ^bom-  or 
com-td^y  id.,  W!  ;*c6m-'fdg  tdn-kan*  robber, 
*wan  dan  boTn^tdg  c6-te*  by  violence,  W. 
—  2.  to  make  one  lose  a  thing ,  bddg  -  gi 
glan  progs  (by  his  negligence)  he  has  made 
me  lose  my  ox  Dzl.\  sd&m^a  ^pi'dg-tu  hyun 
my  vow  is  lost  to  me,  i.e.  the  meditation 
I  had  vowed  has  been  disturbed,  thwarted 
Glr..,  to  deprive  a  person  of  his  power  or 
place,  to  overthrow,  kings,  dignitaries  etc. 
/S^.,  analogous  to  yyo-ba^  ^Vba^  ^ftn^^s- 
pa.  —  3.  to  remove,  do  away  with,  expel, 
demons  Glr, 
Q^r*  oV^oh  Glr.^  provinc.  for  ^prah  and 

Q^^™  ^prod'pa  1.  vb.:  pf.  prod.,  vb.  n. 
'^^^  to  sprdd-pa^  to  have  been  delivered, 
transmitted,  Idg-tu  into  the  hands  of  a  person, 
hence  ^prod-^dzin^  *{od'zin*  W.  receipt 
quittance;  no  or  nos-^prod-pa  to  know,  per- 
ceive, understand;  so  prob.  also  snyin-la 
ysdl'bar  ma  prod  Schr.  —  2.  adj.  fit,  proper, 
suitable,  agreeing  with,  congenial  to,  pd-bar 
agreeing  with  the  stomach  Med.;  mi-^prod 
zas  unwholesome  food  Medr,  mi-^prod-pa 
also  signifies  advei*se  fortune,  adversity  6'.; 


362 


^^^  oprS'pa 


q'^  ba-ddn 


Kan -pa  e'  ^prod  te-na  {{  the  question  is,     Qi^qf  oP^'P^  ^'  oF'^^5  oP^osytdn- 
urhAfh^r  tliA  >imi&A  w  IiItaIv  tfi  nrosnftr.  "^  ba  Schr.^   ^pms-par  bt/edrpa  Sch, 

to  spread,  to  pour  forth,  e.g.  lights  ^pros 
Tar.  48,3,  ace.  to  Schf,:  a  detailed  work; 


whether  the  house  is  likely  to  prosper. 
Q^^q-q*  ^prdb'paSch.  ^^prdb-pa,  Q^^^ 
^prol'ba  Sch,  =  ^prdl-ba. 


bj^t  Tar.  143J,3?    ^ 


q 


q  6a  1.  the  letter  b,  originally,  and  in  the 
frontier  districts  still  at  the  present  day, 
corresponding  to  the  English  b;  the  pro- 
nunciation of  it,  however,  varies  a  good 
deal  in  the  different  dialects  of  the  country: 
in  C.  this  letter,  as  an  initial,  is  at  present 
deep-toned  and  aspirated  ==  bh;  in  Sp.  as 
a  final  letter,  it  is  softened  down  to  w; 
and  this  softening  of  its  sound  prevails 
throughout  Tibet  in  the  substantive  termi- 
nations ba  and  6o,  when  preceded  by  a 
vowel  or  by  n,  r,  l\  as  a  prefix  it  is  sounded 
in  Bal  waA  Kh.  ^  b  or  w.  Regarding  the 
irregularities  in  the  pronunciation  of  initial 
db  V.  the  Phonetic  Table.  —  2.  num.  fi- 
gure: 15. 

q-  ba  I.  (also  bd-mo  6s.  ?)  COW,  ^dod-Joi 
ba  v.  -^o-ba;  ba-ko  cow-leather;  ba-^yu 
herd  of  cows;  ba-gldh  v.  below;  ba-ybin 
urine  of  a  cow;  ba-lH  cow's  dung;  ba-hi^ 
resp.  -cab  =  ba-ycin  (used  by  hindooizing 
Tibetans,  the  cow  being  sacred  to  the 
Hindoos);  bornu  1.  a  cow's  dug.  2.  a  stone 
resembling  it  in  appearance  Med,\  ba-prug 
calf;  ba-rrrUg  a  cow's  hoofs;  ba-rmig-gi  cu 
the  water  collected  in  the  impression  of  a 
cow's  foot  on  the  ground,  to  denote  a  very 
small  quantity  of  water  Dzl. ;  ba-o  for  bai 
^d-ma"^  ba-rdzi  cow-herd;  ba-rd  pen  or 
stable  for  cows;  ba-ru  1.  a  cow's  horn. 
2.  vulg.  cup  for  scarifying,  the  hollow  tip 
of  a  cow's  horn  being  used  as  such;  ba- 
^d  cow-beef. 

II.  affix  or  so-called  article,  for  pa^  to 


substantives  the  roots  of  which  end  with 
a  vowel  or  with  «,  r,  /,  except  when  pa  has 
its  particular  signification,  as  in  ct^^aeta(v. 
pa);  in  adjectives  it  is  either  syn.  with  po 
(as :  dmdr-bai  mdanSy  a  ruddy  complexion), 
or  it  denotes  ^having'  (= . . .  po-tan^  as:  sna- 
drndr-ba  or  snordrndr-po-ban  having  a  red- 
dish trunk),  or  it  is  the  sign  of  the  verb 
formed  from  it  (drndr-ba^  to  be  red),  or 
of  the  abstract  substantive  (dmar-ba^  red- 
ness). 

^'^Tj^'  ba-dkdr  lime,  lime-stone  Schr. 

ntmr  ba-gdm^  S.g.  and  elsewh. ;  Cs. :  'low 
'  wall,  parapet' ;  ace.  to  my  authorities 
a  certain  part  of  the  timber  work  of  a  roof, 
something  like  pinnacle,  battlement;  so 
also  Tar.  80,21:  the  king  with  his  retinae 
beheld  the  pinnacles  of  the  Naga  palace 
rising  above  the  surface;  v.  nyug-pa^, 
q-gr^'  bd-ylan  OX,  bull;  *ba-lan  tsogn*  W., 
^  like  an  ox,  stubborn,  stupid;  also 
dirty,  filthy,  nasty,  for  which  our  vulgar 
expression  is  swinish;  ba-glan^spyod  ap- 
pellation for  the  western  part  of  the  globe, 
V.  ylin,  —  2.  for  bdUylan  DzL 

q'^  bd'ti.  Hind,  iff^,  a  large  brass  dish. 

•  bd-ti'ka  Stg.y  a  small  long-measure, 
4^  of  a  barley-corn. 
B'Ppr  bd-fag  W.,  also  Sambh.^  1.  root  — 

~'  2.  stalk  of  fruit 
fl'r<gr  ba-ddn  1.  inrraTy  of  which  the  word 
'  '  is  a  corruption  ace.  to  Lti.,  an  i 


q^T 


q^^Sr  ba-ddm 


363 


^'  bag 


with  pendant  silk  strips  Dzl.y  Gyatch.^  Glr. 
—  2.  also  hes-rab^ral-gri^  stated  to  be  a 
kind  of  dagger,  set  upright,  a  semblance 
of  which  often  attends  apparitions  of  the 
gods;  thus  the  signification  of 'sword',  given 
bjiScA.,  seems  to  be  justified,  and  also 
Schr.  refers  to  it  under  spa-dam;  I  never 
met  with  it  in  B.  in  that  sense. 
H'msT  iorddm^  Pers.^  Urd.  Jdj,  from  the 
^  Ssk,  m^(m,  'windmango'  Shksp.^ 
almond. 

n«xr  bd'Spu  a  little  hair,  the  little  hairs 
^  of  the  body,  bd-spu  Ian  or  Ida/iy  the 
little  hairs  stand  up,  I  shudder,  B,^  C; 
similarly:  bd-spu  )yo  Glr,^  *MiL;  ba~spu 
tsam  yan  ined  (I  feel  no  repentance)  even 
as  great  as  a  hair  Dzl, ;  bd-spu-can  hairy, 
covered  with  hair,  ba-spu-med  bald;  bdspui 
bu'ffa  or  fhin  (-bu)  pores. 

q-q.  bd'bu  (Pers.  o^^*  pcipoi)  a  soft  shoe, 
^    skud'pai  knitted  shoe,  pin -pat  felt- 
shoe,  but  in  general  they  are  made  of  wool 
or  goat's  hair. 

q*^  ba-bla  (Ts.  ''bhd-bla'')  Med.  arsenic. 

q'Q^S^'  ba-Jbog  W.  clod,  lump  of  earth. 

q-Sx-  ba-mM  Mil.^  Wdn.y  6s.  and  Sch.: 
^  'a  species  of  wild  cattle  with  large 
horns';  Sch.  also:  buffalo-calf;  though  in 
Sambh.  gans-ri-bor^mhi  are  spoken  of. 
q^  bd-mo  hoar-frost,  B.  and  col. ;  ba-fsa 
(Campbell  in  Summer's  Phenix  p.  142, 
5:pen'cha\  inferior,  impure  80da,  incrusting 
the  ground  near  salt-lakes;  it  is  mixed  with 
the  food  of  catlle  (from  which  circumstance 
the  word  may  be  translated  'cow-salt'),  oc- 
casionally also  for  the  want  of  something 
better  put  into  the  tea;  bd-fsai  skyur-rtsz 
Cs.  muriatic  (hydro-chloric)  acid. 

^^jB'^f  bu-ra-na-si^  v.  ivd-ra-na-si, 

n'X'X'  ba-Tu-ra  an  astringent  medicament 

^^     Med. 

q-QTs-  bd-la-hay  ^ari-hh  bd-la-ha^  n.  of  a 

'   demon,  v.  rta-7ntdg, 
fl'ar  ba-lu  =  da-  li,   various  low  alpine 

species  of  Rhododendron. 


q-QJ-m^  bd-le-ka  medicinal  plant,  belonging 


to  the  climbers  Med. 
bd-ha   1.  V.  ba  I.  —  2.  prob.  =  bd- 
ha-ha  a  bitter-tasted  officinal  plant, 

ace.  to  Wdii.  an  Indian  tree ;  in  Lh.  a  rather 

insignificant  radiated  flower. 

P(^  bd-hiy  W.  a  virulent  boil,  ulcer. 

q.^  bd-ho  Ld.^  ba-so-ka  6'.,  currants^  small 

"^  raisins. 
q-^  bd-so  elephant's  tooth,  ivory;  bd-so- 

mKan  worker  in  ivory, 
qqi-  bag  I.  a  primary  signification  of  this 
'  word  seems  to  be :  a  narrow  space;  thus 
with  Sch.  fig.  bdg-dog-pa  to  be  straitened,  in 
necessitous  circumstances,  poor;  in  another 
application  more  frq. :  bag  -  tsam  a  little, 
nor  bdg-tsam  re  a  little  money  Mil. ;  bag- 
r4  Thgr.,  perh.  the  same;  ddn-ga  bdg-tsam 
bde  the  appetite  is  growing  a  little  better 
Lt ;  fs^r-ma  bdg-tsam  ydd-pa  having  a  few 
prickles  Wdh.;  bdg-tsam-pa  slight,  insigni- 
ficant, trifling,  sdtig-bsndl,  a  slight  misfortune 
Thgy.;  ma-bde-ba  bdg-tsam-la  bzod-pa  mi 
byidrpa  Mil.  to  be  fretting  on  account  of 
a  trifling  mischance;  most  frq.,  however, 
the  word  has  a  moral  bearing:  attention, 
care,  caution,  relative  to  physical  and  moral 
evils  or  contaminations;  bag-med,  in  a  gen. 
sense:  rd-i^o  ddn-po  bdg-med-pa  the  be- 
ginning of  intoxication  is  the  disappearing 
of  attention ;  in  a  specif  sense  {Ssk.  vm\^ : 
careless,  heedless,  fearless;  mi-bde-bai  fear- 
leas  of  misfortune  DzL;  Jti-lta-bui  bag  Tned- 
par  f^yur  I  shall  be  freed  from  the  fear 
of  such  things  Dzl.\  fearless,  without  feai* 
or  consideration,  without  regard  to  conse- 
quences or  to  the  judgment  of  others  etc., 
cdn  -  la  bag  -  Tnid  ^di-tsam  Jiiii  -  ba  Pth. 
without  shame  drinking  such  great  quantities 
of  beer;  mi-dge-bai  las  bdg-med-par  by4d- 
pa  to  sin  without  fear  or  restraint  DzL; 
^dod-Mgs-la  bdg-rned-pas  to  indulge  in 
sensuality  without  restraint  DzL ;  heedless- 
ness with  regard  to  good  and  evil  Tar.  4, 
22;  moral  carelessness,  indifference,  want  of 
principle,  bdg-med-la  nydl-ba  C,  stated  to 
be  «=  bdg-la  nydl-ba.  v.  bag  II ;  of  an  op- 


364 


q^  bag 


^'  ban 


posite  meaniog:  bag-ydd^-pa)  reverence, 
fear,  shame,  often  parallel  to  vd-fsa^  jiz^m- 
pa;  conscientiousness,  almost  religious  awe; 
adj.  conscientious;  spydd-pa  bdg-yod-pa  con- 
scientious dealings  (pious  course  of  life) 
Dom, ;  bdg-yod^ar  mdzdd-Hg  act  conscien- 
tiously, take  care  not  to  commit  sin  (here 
=  do  not  kill)  Tar,  82,  7 ;  de  bdg-yodr-pai 
jjyir  as  he  was  conscientious  (here  =  chaste) 
Tar.  39,2;  bag  dan  Iddn-pa  id.;  bag  dan 
Iddn-par  mdzod  Glr. ;  bdg-fsa-ba  to  be  afraid ; 
bag  mi  fsa  I  am  not  afraid  Mil. ;  sbst.  fear, 
timidity,  anxiousness  Mil.,  Stg,;  bag- fsa  m^d- 
pa  fearlessness  Mil,;  bag  byM-pa  c.  la,  to 
fear,  to  dread,  a  person  DzL,  to  take  care 
of,  one's  clothes  DzL;  bag-yam-su  (or  -kyisi) 
Sch.  (^cura  relaxata')  without  fear,  fear- 
lessly, coolly;  bag  ^Hums  -  pa  Sch.  to  be 
afraid;  bag  Jbiba-pa  to  drop,  abandon, 
cast  away  all  fear,  yhanrla  the  dread  of  a 
gerson  Mil,  frq.;  bdg-pa  Dzl.  ^V,  15  Ms.  as 
a  vb.  to  be  afraid,  to  be  fearful,  d^-dag 
bag  -  tu  ddgs  -  nas  afraid  lest  they  should 
take  fright  (another  reading:  brds-su)  bags- 
kyis  with  fear,  with  awe  3/27.;  bdgs-kyis 
by^d^a  to  act  carefully,  with  caution  Dzl. 
:?c^7, 15;  ma  bags -kyis  without  fear,  un- 
restrained Dzl.  :?W,  1  (Ms.;  with  Sch.  ma 
is  wanting,  and  both  passages  are  rendered 
incorr);  bdgpo  adj.  =  bdg-yodrpa  Cs.;  bag- 
z&n  dread,  fear,  anxiety  Sch.  — 

II.  inclination?  passion?  bdg-la  nydl-ba 
Was.  (241)  'vanities  (in  Chinese:  lullings 
into  security'),  the  usual  sinful  temptations, 
lust,  anger  etc. ;  the  etymological  derivation 
of  the  term  is,  however,  not  perfectly  clear; 
bag-m^drla  ni^dUba^  which  ace.  to  its  pri- 
mary signification  ought  to  be  placed  sub  I, 
is  said  to  imply  the  same.  More  frq.  bag-lags 
denotes  passion,  inclination,  propensity,  gen. 
in  a  bad  sense,  las-nan  bag-cdgs,  ndn-pai 
bag-cdgSy  also  occasionally  without  any  ad- 
dition, id.;  bag-cdgs  yid-kyi  lus  the  'in- 
tellectual' body  of  passions  Thffr.^  v.  liis; 
less  frq.  in  a  good  sense:  Tar.  32,7  =  love, 
aflfection;  bag-cdgs  bzan.,  Mil.  — 

III.  in  compounds  also  for  bag-iy^  and 
bdg-ma. 


OTTcr  ^"P^  1-  ^^-  *®  ^  afraid,  v.  bag  I. 

'      —  2.  purity?  Cs. 
OTtSJ^  bdg-po  I.  =  bag-yod  Cs.  —  2.  bride- 

'      groom. 
OTT^'  ^^-py^  (^-  **«fl^-/'^*)  wheat-flour; 

'^  bag-skyd  thin  pap  or  porridge  of 
meal;  bag-zdn  thick  pap,  dough;  bag-droUy 
warm  porridge;  6a^-8%ar  paste;  bags-sbyin 
lute,  putty,  a  compound  of  meal  and  glue; 
bag-leb,  resp.  bhes-bdg  C.  a  cake  of  bread 
{IltJid.  chapCifi). 
OTi-w  bdg-ma  bride,  len-pa  to  choose,  to 

'  take  frq.;  bdg-ma^a  (or  bag-mar) 
Un-pa  to  choose  for  a  bride,  ytdn-ba  to 
give  for  a  bride  (wife),  ^grd-ba^  cd-ba  Ma., 
*M'de*  W.y  to  become  a  bride,  to  get  mar- 
ried; *bdg-ma  ti-te  (or  Idn-te)  bdr-te*,  W. 
to  leave  the  chosen  bride  with  her  parents, 
sometimes  for  years,  which  frequently  is 
the  case,  as  betrothals,  from  reasons  of  ex- 
pediency, are  often  brought  about  by  the 
parents  at  a  very  early  age.  The  common 
custom  is  that  the  young  man  desirous  of 
marrying  proceeds  to  the  parents  of  his 
chosen  one  with  the  'wooing-beer',  sWw- caw, 
which  step  however  may  remain  yet  a  pri- 
vate affair;  after  some  time  he  brings  tig- 
can,  the  'settling-beer',  and  finally  bsu-can, 
the  'taking-home-beer\  whereupon  follows 
the  wedding,  bdg-ston.,  and  the  consum- 
mation of  marriage,  bza-mi  byidr-pa.  —  bag- 
gds  wedding-garment;  bag-grdgs-mo  bride's 
maid  Cs.;  bag-zon  Cs.  (prob.  more  correctly: 
rdzofts)  dowry. 

^^1'^^  bdg-tsam  v.  bag  I. 

qqy^  bdg-tse  a  little  basket  for  wool  or 
'      clews  of  wool,  W. 

bdg-iis  (also  bdxis,  bduns  etc.)  Ar. 

^JiMiJ^  1.  fee,  drink-money.  — 
2.  Sp.  a  present,  alms. 

^^^W'  bags  v.  bag  I. 

qr*  ban  1.  foot-race,  ban  niyidn-las  mgyogs- 
pa  to  be  quicker  in  running  than  an- 
other; de  dan  ban  tnnydm-par  rgyug-pa  to 
run  with  equal  swiftness  as  . . .  Pth.;  ban 
rgyilig-pa  Cs.,  *bhan  tdn-wa*  C. ;  *6a«  tan- 


^^^' 


^•^  bdn-ba 


qq'^  bah-m 


365 


be*  W,\  ban  ^'dn-^a  to  run  a  race;  ban- 
rtsdl  sbyon-ba  Mil,  to  exercise  one's  self  in 
racing;  bah  dan  ^grd-las-dag-gis  nyhi-pa 
or  ban-^ds  ny^-pa  to  overexert  one's 
self  in  running  Med. ;  ^bhah-gyog^  bhan-cdh* 
C,  running-match,  race;  bah-chiQ-pay  also 
-po)  Pih,,  Glr.  swift  messenger,  courier; 
%han-mt*  t'.,  ^bah-m^  W,^  id.  —  2.  v. 
bdn-ba. 

qr'n*  f>dn-bay  bdn-Man^  bdn-mdzod  store- 
room, store-house,  com  magazine,  also 
treasury  DzL]  Uh-bah  Kun,  a  large  box  for 
grain,  half  underground;  bdn-pud  first- 
fruit  offering  from  the  bam ;  ^han-gha'^  Ts. 
repository;  (dbm-bariy  pronounced:)  *h- 
bhdn*  Ts.  cupboard,  press,  case. 
qr 'l^g^r  ban-rim  =  Icri-^pdhy  the  part  of  the 
mcddr-rten  which  has  the  form  of 
a  staircase.  —  2.  Sch.  'a  separate  part  of 
a  house  connected  by  a  staircase'  (?). 
qr '^  bdn-so  grave,  tomb,  /^son-par  bdn-sor 
^dzug-pa  to  bury  alive  Glr.;  sepul- 
chre, monument,  bdn-so  ^d^bs-pa^  or  rtsig-pa 
to  build  a  sepulchre  Glr.;  bdn-so  mcod-pa 
to  perform  funeral  sacrifices,  to  honour  a 
grave  Glr. 
no^ZV  ^«««-p«  Sch.  1.  =  sbdns-pa.  —  2. 

=  bdn-ba.  —  3.  =  bdhso. 
M>  g^  bdt-ti  (Hindi)  1.  a  weight  =  2  ser, 
^  ^  about  4  pounds.  —  2.  balance,  pair 
of  scales;  *bdtnti  tdg-te*  to  weigh  W. 
qr«  bad  1 .  moisture,  humidity,  *Hh  bad  U&r- 

^  ncf  W.  when  wood  attracts  humidity; 
%dd-carC^  moist,  humid,  damp,  from  rain 
or  dew  W.  —  2.  hoar-frost  -  bd-mo  Sch.^ 
Wis.  —  3.  in  compounds  for  bdd-kan.  — 
4.  edge,  border,  bad  ni  yser  the  edge  is  of 
gold  Sch.;  mHar-bdd  S.g.  =  Ha-badf  bad- 
Jbur  Mil.f 
ms'm'  bdd-ka  C\  a  plant,  similar  to  mustard, 

'    '  yielding  oil. 
qj^— -•  bdd-kan  mucus  phlegm,  a.  as  normal 

'  '^  substance  of  the  body  comprizing  5 
kinds:  rten-byed  mucus  in  the  joints  of  the 
neck  and  shoulders,  myag-byid  in  the  sto- 
mach, myoh-byed  in  the  tongue  and  palate, 
tsim-byed  in  the  brain,  eyes  etc.,  Jby(yr-byM 
in  the  rest  of  the  joints;    b.  in  a  morbid 


state,  as  a  cause  of  disease:  bdd-kan-las 
gyur-j)ai  nod  mucous  diseases;  bad-kan- 
IMn  mucus  in  the  cardiac  regions,  prob. 
agastric  catarrh;  bad-kan-ltags-drdgs  in- 
testinal catarrh;  bad-kan-mgtd-^dgs  mu- 
cous consumption;  bdd-kan  grum-bu  dkdr- 
po  etc.  Med. ;  bad-kan-rlun  phlegm  and  air, 
bad-kan-m/t^m  phlegm  and  bile;  bad-kan- 
Krag  phlegm  and  blood  Med. 
q^  ban  1.  C  beer-jug,  pitcher.  —  2.  v.  the 
'  following  articles. 

Q&\SC,'    R^Q^  ban-Hriy  ban-b&n  a  little, 
1S5^'        iNd     ^  jjjij  kyod-rdh  nyams- 

ban-bun-gyi  sndn-ba-la  you,  with  your  little 
bit  of  spiritual  light  Mil. ;  rtsi-sih  sna-fsdgs 
ban-ma-bun  forest-trees  of  every  kind  not 
a  few  (or  also  variously  mixed?)  Mil.;  ban- 
ce  in  moderate  quantity,  'tolerably  many'. 
^^^'bdn-dha  Sch.  skull,  cranium;  frq. 
R  spelled  bhdn-dhay  hence  perh.  =  ifnOT 
vessel,  in  which  sense  it  is  gen.  to  be  un- 
derstood in  books;  accordingly  it  may  be 
a  skull  used  as  a  drinking-vessel. 

q(r^'  ^'^S'  *^^'^j  bdn-de,  ace.  to 
^  Hodgson's  learned  Nepalese 

authority  (Illustr,  75)  =  ^p^,  reveren- 
duSj  salutandtis^  for  which  also  in  the  Ti- 
betan language  btsun-pa  is  always  used  as 
an  equivalent:  a  Buddhist  priest;  hence  origi- 
nally =  Buddhist  in  general,  the  term  being 
also  applied  to  women  Mil.;  ban-rgdn  an 
old  priest  Glr,;  ban-sprdn  and  spraA-bdn 
a  mendicant  friar;  ban-^h  Qpen-kiong' 
Desg.  370)  pupil,  disciple  in  a  monastery; 
ban-ldg  col.,  a  priest  that  has  turned  apos- 
tate; ban-bdn  Mil.  and  elsewh.  1.  (ace.  to 
our  Lama:)  Buddhist  and  Bonpo.  2.  (ace. 
to  Sch.) :  a  Boo-priest,  in  which  case,  how- 
ever, the  word  prob.  would  be  bon-bdn. 

ban-zdn  Sch.:  for  bag-zon  dread, 

fear. 

^Pi    bab  V.  Jbdb-pa. 

--.^.  bab-Hl  hastiness,  rashness,  want  of 

consideration  in  speaking  and  9i,ci- 

mg  =  yzu-lu7n;  sdig-pa  bab-col-du  byed-pa 

to  sin  recklessly,  without  heed  or  regard  A/i/. 


q^l^ 


366 


^^'*f  bdbino 


^ 


R^  bar 


qq-^^  q^^  6a6-?wo,  bds-mo  (?)  Ld.  80ft, 
mild ;  also  chaste,  mode8t(cor- 
rupted  from  bag-mo?). 
flfl^  iais  1.  sunk,  settled,  v.  Jbdb-pa;  nu- 
ma -la  ran-bdbs-kyi  rdzas  byug-ste 
rubbing  the  breasts  with  a  medicine,  so  that 
they  sank  down  of  themselves,  as  if  they 
were  full  Glr. ;  bdbs  -  sa  settletnent,  colony 
Sch.  —  2.  shape,  form,  appearance  Sch,  — 
3.  rta-babs  v.  rta,  comp. 

^*r(^')  ^^"^(rP^)  1-  rotten,  decayed,  putrid, 
^  "^  TO  bam  -pa  putrid  corpse  Tar.^ 
bam-^'6y  id.;  prob.  also  corpse  in  general, 
esp.  in  connection  with  sorcery;  bavi-H&Hy 
id.?  Thgr.—  2.  mouM,  white  film  on  liquids; 
mouldy,  fusty,  musty  W. 
q^-gf'  bdmrj)o  1 .  bundle  of  wood  or  grass 
Schr.,  Sch.  —  2.  division,  section,  of 
books,  (of  greater  length  than  a  chapter) ; 
in  metrical  compositions  it  is  said  to  com- 
prize a  number  of  300  verses;  glegs-bdni 
V.  glegs]  bam-siii  ScL  board,  prob.  =  glegs- 

qST'^q'  bam-ril  1.  Sch,  dull,  weak,  from 
old  age  or  long  labour,  worn  out, 
by  much  usage.  —  2.  W,  mould. 
qx'  bar  sbst.  {Cs,  also  bdr-ma)  1.  inter- 
mediate space,  interstice,  interval,  m/car 
ynyiS'kyi  bar  zdifn-gyis  sbriUba  Gb\  over- 
bridging  the  space  between  the  two  castles; 
sa-bdr  straits,  narrow  sea;  ai-bdr  isthmus, 
neck  of  land;  *pdh-gi  baVy  Idn-Ue  bar^  J^e 
bar*  shelf  of  a  repository,  cup-board  etc. 
W,\  intermediate,  middle,  mean,  stod  smad 
bar  ysum  upper,  lower  and  middle  country 
Ma,\  bar  jiir  here  in  the  middle  countries 
Gh\;  bdr-gyi^  id.,  as  adj.  Tar,  and  elsewh.; 
bdr-gyi  sder-cdgs,  in  Wdn,  a  lizard,  as  an 
amphibium  partaking  of  two  natures;  bdr- 
na,  bdr-duy  bdr-la  adv.  and  postp.  c.  genit. 
(and  accus.),  Idm-gyi  bdr-na  in  the  middle 
of  the  road  (there  is  a  well);  on  the  road, 
in  or  on  the  way,  on  the  journey  DzL ;  brdg- 
bar  btsir-ba  to  be  squeezed  between  two 
rocks  Thgy. ;  l6-ma  dan  ydl-gai  bdr-du  be- 
tween leaves  and  branches  DzL ;  rgya  bod 
bdr-la  ^grd-bai  mi  people  travelling  between 
China  and  Tibet  Glr.;  del  bdr-la^  de-bdr 


between  Glr. ;  in  the  mean  time,  at  the  same 
time,  Glr. ;  zla-ba  ysum-gyi  bdr-du  (to  pro- 
vide for  a  person)  for  the  space  of  3  months 
DzL;  kag  bdun^yi  bdr-du  for  seven  days 
(he  had  not  eaten  any  thing)  DzL;  fun-bin 
byd-bai  sd-ca  bdr-du  byon  he  went  as  far 
as  the  country  called  tuh-Hn  Glr.;  dd-Uai 
bdr-du  Glr.y  da^Uam-gyi  bdr-du  Dzl.;  da- 
bdr.  Mil,  until  now,  hitt^erto;  de{i)  bdr(du) 
id.,  when  referring  to  what  is  past  -  until 
then;  Jbrds-bui  bdr-du  fdb-pa  to  obtain  all, 
even  to  the  fruit  (inclusive  of  the  fruit)  Dzl,; 
Ian  ysum-gyi  bdr-du  at  three  (diflferent) 
times  Dzl ;  ir(\,  with  verbs:  rtsS-7no-la  tttg- 
gi  bdr-du  till  even  touching  the  top  Dzl, 
and  so  frq.;  rel.  to  time  gen.  with  a  ne- 
gative, being  then  equivalent  to  as  long  as, 
m^  fdb-pai  bdr-du  as  long  as  it  has  not 
been  obtained  =  until  its  having  been  ob- 
tained DzL ;  na  ma  si  bdr-du  till  or  up  to 
my  death  Mil. ;  ma  bsleb  bdr-du  as  long  as 
we  have  not  reached,  attained  Glr. ;  seldom 
without  a  negation:  mya-ndn-las  ^dds-pai 
bdr-du  DzL  U)-,  4  (s.  1.  c);  bdr-nas  frow 
between,  rtsib-mai  bdr-nas  from  between 
the  ribs  Glr.  —  2.  fig.  bar  bydd-pa  to  inter- 
pose, intercede,  mediate  Glr.^  cf.  bdr-mi*  — 
3.  Termin.  of  6a,  and  cf.  par  III. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  *bhdr-kya*  partition- 
wall  C  -^  bar-skdbs  space  of  time,  period 
Tar.  —  bar-skor  veranda,  exterior  gallery 
of  the  middle  story  of  a  house.  —  bar-Kan 
Sch.  a  building  between  two  other  houses; 
Schr.  a  room  between  two  others.  —  bar-g<k 
Schr.  waist-coat.  —  bdr-^a  some,  severri; 
several  times,  now  . . .  now  . . .  DzL  —  bar- 
^dd^  -^ady  perh.  also  -y^od,  sbst.  to  bar-da 
y  cod-pa.,  (y.ytod^pa)  hinderance,  impediment; 
danger;  damage,  failure,  fatal  accident;  M- 
la  bar-cdd  ^on^  or  byun  (my)  life  is  in  dan- 
ger; lus-ky%  srdg-gi  bar-iddrdu  ^gyur  id.; 
also :  to  meet  with  an  accident,  to  perish, 
to  be  lost  DzL  and  elsewh. ;  *bar-cad-la  H* 
W.,  lie  met  with  a  violent  death;  bar-cdd 
sel-ba  to  protect  against  fatal  accidents,  of 
magic  spells  frq.;  nd-la  bar-^d  mSd-par 
without  meeting  with  an  accident  MiL;  bar- 
cdd  rtsom-pa  to   meditate  evil,  to  brood 


q^'f^pj"  bar-lig 


367 


q^^'Sf  bds-mo 


mischief  Jl/i/.;  bar-'Cddmafrngs-^ar  without 
having  played  me  a  roguish  trick  Mil, ;  also 
in  a  moral  sense:  temptation;  sin,  trespass, 
bdr-du  ycddrjHi  to  commit  sin,  to  trespass 
MiL  —  ^dr-tcf  W,  cloth,  round  the  loins. 

—  bar-Btdn  Sch,  empty  space.  —  bar-do 
I.  also  bar-ma-do  the  intermediate  state 
between  death  and  re -birth,  of  a  shorter 
or  longer  duration  (yet  not  of  more  than 
40  days^  ni  f.) ;  although  on  the  one  hand 
it  is  firmly  believed,  that  the  place  of  re- 
birth (whether  a  man^  an  animal,  or  a  god  etc. 
go  forth  from  it),  unalterably  depends  on 
the  former  course  of  life,  yet  in  Thgr,  the 
soul  is  ni^ed  and  instructed  to  proceed  at 
once  into  Nirwana  to  Buddha  (inconsistently 
with  the  general  dogma),  bdr-do  ybod-pa 
Mil.  is  explained  as  putting  off  and  pre- 
venting the  intermediate  state  after  death, 
as  well  as  re-birth,  by  penitentiary  exer- 
cises. 2.  W. :  hard,  difficult;  difficulty,  —  perh. 
Bonan.  —  barsndn  (seldom  bar-sndn-ba) 
atmospherical  space;  sUn-gi  bar-9ndh-la  in 
the  heavens,  in  the  air,  frq.;  bar-sudn-la 
^par  (a  fragment  of  a  blasted  rock)  flies 
up  into  the  air;  bar-snan-du  or  -la  c.genit, 
the  common  word  for  over,  got  bar-ndn-la, 
over  (his)  head.  —  ^bdr-pa*  W.  the  middle 
one,  e.g.  of  three  brothers.  —  bar-bd7'-du 
Ma.  at  intervals,  from  time  to  time,  now  and 
then ;  bar^bdr-la  id.;  *7nd  bar-bdr-la*^  at  long 
intervals,  seldom  W,  —  bdr-ma  the  middle 
one  of  three  things  Glr.  —  bar  -  mi  me- 
diator, intercessor,  umpire.  —  %ar-f86d*  W. 
middling,  Hun-fo  6ar-fodd*  a  moderate  wind. 

—  bar-mUdrmy  bar-Jsdms  interval  {Sch.: 
room;  leisure,  convenience,  comtbrtV).  — 
bar-ldg-^a  =  bar-mi  Sck.  —  *bar-lhag*  gap, 
vacancy,  deficiency  W.,  *bar-ldg  kdn-ce*  to 
fill  up  a  gap  or  vacancy,  to  supply  a  want, 
or  deficiency. 

-^g^  bar-Ug  W.  a  field  or  estate  let  to 
'   a  person  for  the  term  of  his  life, 
for  usufruct. 

POr  bal  wool,  bdl-gyi  woolen,  bal  dan  Iddn- 

pa  woolly  Wdnry  bal  s^drpa  the  first 

coarse  plucking  of  wool,  rm^l-ba  the  second, 

of  the  finer  wool,  sin-ba  the  third,  of  the 


finest  W.;  *bal  tdb-ce*  to  beat  wool  W.; 
lug-,  ra-^  rnd-bal  sheep-wool,  goat's  and 
camel's  hair;  rds-bal,  hih-bal  cotton  Cs.; 
Mn-bal  prob.  also  the  down  on  vrillow-blos- 
soms  Sch.\  srin-bal  Wdn.^  Schr.:  raw  silk, 
yet  perh.  also  cotton ;  cu-bal  a  kind  of  moss 
on  stones  in  brooks  Cs,  —  bal-skud  a  woolen 
thread  or  yam,  worsted.  bal^skye  Sch.: 
mould  on  fermented  liquors.  —  bal-glduy 
Cs.  also  bdl-gyi  glan-po-cd^  a  kind  of  ele- 
phant, for  which  sometimes  incorr.  and  am- 
biguously bd-lah  is  used,  Dzl.  and  elsewh. 
—  bal-fer  thin  woolen  cloth  Cs, ;  *bal-jddb* 
W,  tuft  of  wool,  as  is  used  for  spinning. 
— -  bal-prug  thick  woolen  cloth.  —  bal-yds 
Sch,  wool-card  (?) 

apy'^  bdl-pOs  bal('po)'yul  Nepal,  frq.  de- 
signated as  nn-po-^ei  gUn^  and  as 
the  favourite  country  of  the  Kbi^  or  serpent- 
demons;  bdlrp(Hpay  fern,  bdl-po-ma^  bdl-mo 
Glr,y  a  Nepal  man  or  woman;  bcU-nyin  C, 
{-snyihs)  a  Nepal  rupee;  bal-srdn  Tar.^, 
Nepal  pease,  ^i:;.^/,^  zi^.U^,  r<  .V 
q«r  bas  I.  V.  bds-pa,  —  ll.  instrum.  of  ba\ 
bas-blddgs^  'licked  by  a  cow',  n.  of  a 
disease  combined  with  the  sensation,  as  if 
the  skin  had  been  licked  off  by  a  cow,  cow- 
itch,  cow-pox  Cs,  (?)  —  III.  V.  pasy  where 
there  is  to  be  added:  to  say  nothing  of,  much 
less,  e.g.  Icron  ^dom  dgu-brgyd-bas  brgyayan 
Jbru  mi  fub^  a  well  a  hundred  fathoms 
deep  cannot  be  dug,  to  say  nothing  of  900 
fathoms  (much  less  one  of  900  f.)  Glr. 
q«rq^  bds-pa  (cf.  Pers.,  Hind,  ^j^)  Cs.: 
pf.  of  byed-pa  inst.  of,  byds-pa  in 
the  signification  of 'done  (with),  settled';  bds' 
par  byid-pay  id.  Sch,;  in  Bal.  frq.:  *bas^ 
byaSy  basse,  or  also  byds-te  ydd^ itis  finished, 
completed,  ready,  all  right;  det^  bas  that  is 
all  of  it,  nothing  more  is  left  Sch, ;  in  bgyis- 
su  bds-kyis  after  having  been  made,  caused, 
occasioned  Mil,,  it  stands  as  a  sign  of  the 
preterite,  similar  to  zin-,  or  like  zad:  mi 
ybig-gi  smdn-du  ma  bds-kyis  not  only  for 
one  -man  it  serves  as  a  medicine  DzL;  bas- 
mfa  border-country  Sch, 

^?^'?f  bdS'VW  V.  bab-mo. 


0%-J'' 


^ETj-qa^ 


ft* ft*  1.  num.  figure:  45.  —  2.  in  W,  gen.  for 
^'.  —  3.  bi  and  ^w  Pur.  for  i^a  bird, 
fowl,  hen. 

•     SwC'  ^^'9^*h  bi-ydn  in  compounds 
big^  hole  W^.  for  bu-ga^  cf. 
Jrig-pa\  bi-gdn-can  having  holes. 
s'  bi-tah^  Lh.  door,  prop.  Bunan. 

^<3^yspn'  bi-na-ga-ka  Ssk.y  v.  bgegs. 

^4T^if  *^-^«-^«''-w«  5«^.,  thai  bzd-bo 
<<  '  the  smith  of  the  gods,  the  Brah- 
man-Buddhist Yulcan  Dzl.^  Glr, 
ft»p,  •  bi-m  (Sslc.  word  for  poison)  n.  of  cer- 
'  tain  medicinal  plants,  e.g.  bi-ha-dkar 
Polygonatum,  in  Lh. 

big  pan  Ci.  Vitriol;  Sch  potash,  gar- 
lic-ashes; mentioned  in  S.g.  as  a 
caustic. 

^^^<^  big-bi'lig  Kun.  quail. 

^r-^c-  bid'bid(?)  lA.  mouth-piece  of  a  haiit- 
'  boy,  hautboy  reed. 

^^.q-  bim-pa  finif,  f^n^T.  Momordica  mo- 
nadelpha,  a  cucurbitaceous  plant 
with  a  red  fruit  Wdii.^  along  with  ka-bed; 
the  fashion  of  Indian  poets  to  compare  red 
lips  with  the  bimpa  fruit,  has  been  adopted 
also  by  the  Tibetans,  Gryatch.  p.  ©(3;  transl. 
p.  108;  so  also  Pth.:  mhi-sgrds  binir-pa  ltd- 
bur  mdzes  (where  Sch.  gives  the  signification 
of  peach,  on  which  the  name  possibly  may 
have  been  transferred,  although  'lips  of  the 
shape  of  a  peach-tree  leaf  seem  to  be 
rather  a  strange  fancy). 
^^  N^'  btr-btr  W.  crumbs,  bits,  scraps. 

Soj'fl'  bil'ba  Ssk.  f^f^,  IJind,  bilb,  M, 
Aegle  marmelos,  tree  with  a  nour- 
ishing and  wholesome  fruit;  the  word  seems 
to  have  been  transferred  also  to  the  cocoa-nut. 
^»  bu  I,  sbst.,  resp.  sras^  1.  son,  common 
^  in  B.  and  C;  *c^-bu*  W.y  the  eldest  son. 
—  2.  child,  bu  btsd-ba  the  bringing  forth 
of  children,  children  being  born  DzL;  bu 
man-bar  ^yitr-ba  to  get  many  children; 
bu  mi  ysds  -  pa  not  being  able  to  keep  a 
child  alive  Dom.;  esp.  in  reference  to  the 
mother:  ma-bu^  mother  and  children;  also 
transferred    on  animals:  rta  ma  brgya  bu 


^«T|'  bu-ga 

hrgya  a  hundred  mares  with  as  many  foals 
DzL ;  the  word  is  moreover  used  io  maoy 
other  instances,  e.g.  with  regard  to  letters 
which  in  writing  are  placed  under  other 
letters,  in  reference  to  principal  beams  and 
smaller  cross-beams,  to  capital  and  interest; 
also  as  a  friendly  address  of  a  teacher  to 
his  hearers  MU.  —  The  fem.  bu-mo  v.  below. 
Comp.  bu'Jirid  (or  pu^tri?)  a  fern,  noun 
proper.  —  bu-grogs  Cs.  step-brother,  fosbr- 
brother.  —  bu-rgyM  offspring,  issue,  pro- 
geny, generation  Tar,  168. 11.  —  bu-dU, 
foster-child,  adopted  son,  iied-kyi  bu-did 
mdzod  deign  to  be  adopted  by  us  Mil  — 
bu-ydun  a  small  cross-beam  MU,  —  bu-nad 
child-bed,  bu-ndd  log  the  child-bed  termi- 
nates unfavourably  PA.,  —  bu-snod  uterui, 
womb  Med.  —  bu-po  male  child,  son  DzL 

—  bu-prug  children.  —  bur^mOy  vulg.  also 
bd-rm  1.  daughter,  frq.  2.  girl,  na  bu-moi 
dus-na  yin-te  when  I  was  still  a  girl  Glr. 

—  Icyeu  dan  bu-mo  lads  and  lasses  Dd,\ 
maiden,  virgin;  biirmo  ytsdn-ma^  ysdr-ma^ 
ysdr-pa  a  girl  that  is  still  in  a  virgin  state. 
3.  young  woman  Dzl, ;  W.  gen.  for  bud- 
mid,  frq.  —  bu/smddy  Ci.  also  buHfndd  fa- 
mily, children,  nearest  relations  MiL  and 
elsewb.  ~  bur-fsd  {Dzl,  ed.  Sch.  also  bu-tia) 
1.  children's  children  Thgy,;  family  =  hvtr 
smdd  2,  W,,  son,  gen.  for  bu;  boy,  *6f«-6a 
dan  bd-mo*,  —  bu-fsdb  Cs,  =  bu-dod,  — 
bu'Uds  Jyril-ba  Glr,  (ace.  to  the  context) 
to  cohabit.  —  bursrin  brother  and  sister.  — 
bu'sldb  scholar,  disciple,  follower  of  a  cle- 
rical teacher,  opp.  to  nyd-ma  hearer,  who 
still  continues  in  his  secular  calling.  —  II. 
num.  figure:  75. 

fl'Cfr  bu-ga  1.  f^?,  in  compounds  bug^ 
^  '  hole,  opening,  orifice,  aperture,  bd-^jmi 
bu-ga  pore,  passage  of  perspiration  Dd.; 
sna-bug  nostril;  bu-ga  dgu{'po)  the  nine 
orifices  of  the  body  (eyes,  ears,  nostrils, 
mouth,  urethra,  anus);  fsdns-pat  bu-ga  ani 
perh.  also  ytd-^ug  bu-ga  Med.^  appears  to 
be  =  mfsog-ma  the  fontanel  or  vacancy  in 
the  infant  cranium,  with  which  various  &bles 
are  connected ;  cavity,  vessel,  (anatom.),  also 
veins  Med,  —  2.  symbol,  num. :  9. 


^  6u-S^ 


q 


369 


gq^  bubs 


^^r  bu'-gu  hole,  sgoi  key-hole  Dzl 

q-^-  bu  -  stdn  name  of  a  learned  Lama 
^  ^  '  and  author  of  cos-byuHy  about  the 
year  1300  Glr.^  an  adherent  of  the  Adi- 
buddha  doctrine,  v.  6s.  Gram. 

^  bfli-rdo  Sck,  idle  talk,  tftHe-tatlle. 

^"5^2^  bu-y^  snow-storm  Mil 

qrx^  &w-^«w  Hindi  ^  ffuf\  hence  W, 
^  *ffU'rdm*y  raw'*sugar,  muscovado; 
treacle,  Atil.^  Lt;  bu-^dm  sgor-ba  to  boil 
down  raw  sugar  Lex. ;  bu-ram-hin^  bur^in^ 
vulg.  *ffur-8in*  sugar-cane;  bu'ramMn-pa, 
X^[V§i  name  of  the  first  king  of  the  solar 
dynasty  in  India,  Glr.;  hi-ram-lian^  bur- 
can  sugar-beer  L^.;  bur-dkdrf  Lt  bui^stdn 
ybig  (more  correctly  Uan)  Sch.^  a  bale  of 
raw  sugar  packed  up  in  leather. 
n-fSji*  billon  {cl  bun)  advanced  money,  debt, 

^  ^  *nul  gy§  bu-hn  mi-la  tdh-c^  W. 
to  lend  a  person  a  hundred  florins;  (6w- 
lon  byid-^a  to  contract  debts  Schr.^  Sch.??) 
bu-lon  Jdl-ba  (  W.  *bdUbe*\  sprod-pa  Sch. 
to  pay  a  debt,  siUba  to  put  out,  to  cancel 
a  debt,  dM-pa,  bda-ba  to  call  in,  to  recover 
a  debt,  Idgs-pa  prob.  the  beginning  and 
running  up  of  debts  Dzl. ;  bu-lon-pa  debtor, 
dnul  brgyai  of  a  hundred  rupees. 

^WT  burhdg  V.  sbugs-hdg. 

OTrn*  ^^-p«  1.  sbst.  hole,  biig-pa  Jhug- 
^  '  ^a  to  bore  holes  Glr.^  cog.  to  brt- 
ga.  —  2.  Sch.j  to  get  holes  (?). 

gP]*®^  bug-idl  V.  sbugs. 

qqrMrr  ^'^  Ld.  birdsfoot-trefoil,  Me- 
^  '^   '   lilotus. 

qr'n*  buri'ba  1.  a  humming  and  stinging 
^  insect,  bee  etc. ;  bun-lcdg  sting,  and 

also  the  wound  caused  by  it;  ^bun-ba  bdg  tan 
wrf  W.  the  bee  has  stung.  2  Cs.  a  bright 
black  stone. 

q^^  buns  mass,  heap,  bulk,  buns- c&n  a 
^  large  heap  Lt.\  dri-cui  buns -be  a 
great  quantity  of  urine  Mng.;  buns  by  id- 
pa  to  h^ap  one  upon  another,  pile  up.  — 
bun  many(?). 


bun  1.  =  bu-lon  Mil.y  bun  fori  lend  US! 


qr-  bud^  every  darkening  of  the  air  through 
^  '  dry  matter,  a  cloud  of  dust,  more  ex- 
actly fal'bud;  bud-fsub  dust  from  threshing; 
bud'kyis  btab  wrapt  in  vapour  Mil.\  perh. 
also  snow-storm  (Sch.),  yet  not  exclusively, 
nc'r*  bud-dJiaSsk.,  Buddha,  n.  of  the  founder 
^  ^K  of  the  religion  which  is  called  after 
him,  occurring  but  rarely  in  Tibetan  writings, 
and  among  the  people  (at  least  in  W.)  al- 
most unknown,  v.  sans-rgyas\  bud-dhai 
preii'ba,  ^bud-de  tdn-na*  rosary  Ts. 
QK'Zy  ^d-pa  1.  Sch.  =  sbud-pa.  —  2.  pf. 
^  '       cf.  Jbiid'pa. 

--.^-.  bud-medB.KnA  C,  1.  woman,  6ti€^ 
^  '  '  m^d  sdug-gu  a  fair  woman  Dzl.\ 
bud-mid  dan  sbdgs-pa  to  defile,  corrupt 
one's  self  with  women  Dzl.—  2.  wife,  spouse, 
not  frq.  Dzl.  (W.  bu-mo  and  a-ne), 
qr-^^.  bud-sin  fire-WOOd,  fuel,  also  dung 
^  '  '  used  as  such;  bud-hin  bsdg-pa  to 
cleave  or  chop  wood. 

^  '  Mil.;  bun  btdn-du  ma  nydn-pas  not 
willing  to  lend»any  thing  Mil;  Hyid-^mams- 
la  bun  dgds-na  if  you  want  an  advance  (of 
money)  Mil.  —  btin-fo^  bun-yig  1.  debtor's 
account  -  book.  2.  bond  or  obligation,  bill 
of  debt  —  bun-bddg  1.  creditor.  2.  money- 
changer, banker.  —  bun-yig  v.  bun-fo.  — 
2.  interest,  *bh^n  kyi'-pa*  to  bear  interest 
C;  bun  ^dl-ba  to  pay  interest  Cs.  —  3. 
(house)  rent  ScA.(?)  —  4.  bun-ri  Sch.  a 
small  matter,  cf.  ban-biin\  bun -bun  Sch. 
piece-meal,  scattered,  dispersed.  —  5.  v. 
Jmn-pa. 

q^gjr*  bun-Ida  —  cu  bun-loh-Uh  byed  it 
^  ^  is  whirling  up  and  down,  an  ex- 

pression used  of  boiling  water  which  con- 
tains impurities  or  extraneous  matter;  hence 
bun-Un-gi  snan-sds  troubled,  impure,  sinful 
thoughts. 
^^^'  bub-pa  V.  ^bub-pa. 

nn^  bubs  =  yug^  also  fan  (^TPT  Hind.) 
^  1.  an  entire  piece  of  cloth  rolled  up; 
gos-bubs  cotton-cloth  Cs.  —  2.  in  a  general 
sense  one  whole,  something  entire  Sch.; 
bubs-ril  prob.  whole,  entire,  bubs-ril  lus  S.g. 
the  whole  body,  opp.  to  separate  parts. 

24 


370  q 

q^-q-  bum-pa^  botUe,  flask;  the  water-flask 
^  of  the  hukka;  bottle-shaped  orna- 

ments in  architecture,  e.  g.  on  the  ceno- 
taphs or  Chodten ;  rdzd-mai  earthen-bottle, 
pitcher;  UUbum  glass-bottle;  ?aw-6w7?i beer- 
bottle;  m^od'bum  Cs,  vessel  used  in  sacri- 
ficing; mi'bum  cupping-glass  Lt  (cf.  jm^w- 

^r  bxir  1.  bolt,  bar,  vertically  fastened  to 
^      a  door  etc.,  fdg-bur  upper,  ydg-bur  ' 
lower  bolt. —  2.  for  bur-rdm.  —  3.  for  Jmr. 

nx^d'  ^^^"^^^  (9^  perh.  tin)  Sch,^  a  kind     ^ 
^    ^      of  bell  or  gong  in  temples.  ct 


^T!f  bim-po 

^•sjq^  be-sndbs  Cs.,  thick  slime  or  imiciis, 
^         e.g.  the  mucus  flowing  at  child- 
birth from  the  vagina  Lt 

S'nsj'  be-bum,  also  beu-bum^  writing,  scrip- 
hire,  book  Glr.,  perh.  the  same  word 
as  the  following. 

3'QnjW'  be-Jmniy  are  stated  to  be  the  sacred 

^      writings  of  the  Bonpos,  which  — 

as  our  Lama  candidly  owned  —  'are  also 

perused  by  Buddhists  jbr  their  edification'. 

q'Sf  be-Tm  ctfw-Calf,  female  calf  C.  ^ 


gong  in  temple 
nx^*  bur-tse  n.  of  certain  plants  in  Ld.  ^ 
^         Kun, 

qQi-  bul  Wl,  *iAwZ,  iA//Z,  bhn  and  bhu-to^ 
ji ,.,    V;  k  ^-9  J^^">  (the  spellings  of  Campbell, 

ll     dv.  w*t  P^  —  ^'  ^^"""^  —  ^^^  oiScfd.,  pkuli^  have 
r  prob.  resulted  from  a  mistake  in  hearing), 

SOda^  not  unfrequently  found  in  Tibet  as  a 
white  powder  on  the  ground^  and  used  as 
a  medicine,  as  a  ferment,  as  a  means  for 
giving  additional  flavour  tp  tea,  and  for 
various  technical  purposes. 
qq''2f  ^i-po  slow,  heavy,  tardy,  ^ro  buUte 
^  slow  in  walking,  making  but  tardy 

progress  Dzlr^  W.:  ^tjul-ce  bul-po*. 
qOT^'^'  ^l-ha-riy  *bid-gai^  TF.,  Russia 
^     '      leather,  jufts. 
q^q-  bus-pa  1.  for  byis-pa  Lt  —  2.  v. 
^  Jbudr-pa, 

'^  bcy  \,  num.  figure:  105.  —  2.   W.  for 
bye.  —  3.  for  words  here  not  noted  refer 
to  pe. 

^•m^-  be-lcur  S.gJ 

H*^'  be-gd  v.  beg-gd, 

2r?^  6^-6(W,  also  -feon,  Ssk.  ^x?  1-  club, 
'   with  an    ornamental    knob,    prob. 
merely  an  attribute  of  gods.  —  2.  n.  of  a 
goddess  Tfigr, 

^C'  be-ta  a  geographical  prop,  name,  prob. 
^  =  Himalaya,  Pth. 

Sy ,   R^  be-to,  be-do,  vulg.  calf. 
N  ^   be-dha  v.  Jbi-dha. 


^g  be-rdzi  Nakshatra,  v.  rgyu-skdr  3. 

^^  bi'Za  W.y  from  the  Hind,  ^|t^,  in- 
terest, td-ka  bd'Za  a.  double  paisa 
interest,  of  1  rupee,  =  4—6  pCt  pro  month. 

S'^OTT  ^^'^^  (spelling?),  fillet  of  the  women 
'  in  Ld,,   ornamented  with  coloured 
stones. 

^^..  be-le-ka  S.g.,  a  kind  of  surgical  in- 
'  stniment 

^'SfTj'  be-log  Sch.  great-grandfather. 

S'.Sc:'  *^-^*'^  oak-tree,  =  ca-ra;  be-lcrod 
'      oak-forest  Wdn. 

^^'^'  beg-g^Lt,  a  disease;  ScL:  measles. 
^s^S'  b^g-tse  a  hidden  shirt  of  mail. 

^c;*  beii  Sch.,  stick,  cudgel,  club. 

^r-  bed,  1, -=  Ife^  He-bed,  advantage,  profit, 
^  gain,  high  price,  i^d4a  drug-bubedyddr 
pai  skdbs'SU  at  a  time  when  salt  was  a  sixty 
times  dearer  (than  barley)  Glr.;  ^bedtdb- 
ce*  W.  to  gain,  to  make  profit;  ierf-SW 
Mil.  is  stated  to  be  the  same  as  lons-spyod: 
bed'^dd  tsod  bbddrde  to  be  temperate,  to 
keep  moderation  in  the  indulgence  of  the 
appetites.  —  2.  interest,  C,  W. 
^^  ben  a  large  pitcher;  jug,  beer-pot,  Gb\\ 

'  *cu-bh4n*,  water-pot,  C. 
9^'^  i^-po  1.  dead  matter,  mostly  ap- 
plied to  the  body,  as  opp.  to  the 
soul,  rig -pa,  e.g.  bem  rig  ,<gye-dm  when 
body  and  soul  are  parting,  MU.,  Thgr.;  hs 
bem -rig  ynyis-kyi  so-mfsdms-su  on  the 


^B,'  beu 


Sj^'g*  bdn-bu 


371 


boundary  between  the  physical  matter  of 
the  body  and  the  soul  MU, ;  Was.  (272)  bem- 
reg  is  perh.  a  mistake  in  writing,  although 
it  also  makes  sense.  —  2.  Sch,  a  pestilential 
disease;  in  the  Mng,  bem  tol  rgydb^a  seems 
to  denote  a  surgical  operation.  —  3.  some 
receptacle,  box,  bag  etc.,  bhnr-poi  ndh-rids 
yser  bton  she  took  gold  out  of  the  .  .  .? 

^(^'  beu  Cs.  calf. 

^(I'^SJ'  beU'biim  v.  be-bum,  Mil, 

Sk-mj-  beu-rds,  in  Stg.  mentioned  as  a 
^  material  for  clothing;  Sch\:  fine 

linen',  which  however  is  as  yet  unknown 
in  Tibet.  ■]^-f-c. -■  .  ".'/''  - 
^;^  ber  1.  cloak,  biir-gyi  tvrha  tail  of  the 
cloak  GZr.;  ber  ndg-po  a  black  cloak 
Glr.  and  elsewh.;  joUbir  dress  with  a  train 
Wdk ,  Pth.;  fsem-bir  a  cloak  patched  up 
of  many  pieces  Pth.;  ber-^en  gown  of  a 
priest,  sacerdotal  cloak,  without  sleeves, 
with  gos^cin  for  a  collar;  ber-ful  fur-cloak. 
—  2.  ab*ength,  sharpness,  keenness,  pungency, 
of  spices,  spirits,  snuff  etc. ;  ber-tan  sharp, 
pungent,  piquant;  ^d-rdg^la  ber  mdh-po 
yod*  the  gin  is  very  strong  W.;  ^bSr-ra 
rag.,  Icei  b^-de  mdn-po  rag*  it  bites,  burns 
my  tongue;  za-bir  Cs.  the  burning  sensa- 
tion caused  by  the  stinging  of  nettles ;  cf. 
gdr^a. 

B^r^  J^-X:a  W.,  b&r-may  ber-lcdg  Mil.y 
'  stick,  staff  (cf.  dbyug-pa);  spat  bir- 
ma  cane,  bamboo  Mil;  ber -ma  Uag  ycig 
a  simple  staff  Mil.;  Idags-bdr  iron-bar,  crow- 
bar; amyug-b^  cane,  walking-stick. 

^^'  bel  Cs.  leather  bag.  i 

«.r-;^.  wai^dnr-ya/ SsLy  azure  sf One,  lapis 
^  '^  lazuli  Dzl.  wai'dur-ya  dkar-po  and 
snan-po^  v.  table  of  abbreviations. 
q-Y^Viy  wai-ro-tsa-na  Ssk.y  Tib.:  mam- 
^  par-snan-mdzady  1.  n.  of  the  first 
Dhyani-Buddha.  —  2.  a  Lotsawa  v.  Kopp. 
II.,  69. 
'Sf  bo,  1.  num.  figure:  135.  —  2.  affix,  to 

designate  some  words  as  nouns. 
Sf^q-    Sfafc-q-  f^O'tdg^ay   bo-l6h'ba 

^  '     '  Ts.y  ankle,  ankle-bone. 


^- 


bo'de  Cs. :  *n.  cf  a  tree,  the  fruits  of 
which  are  used  as  beads  for  rosaries'. 

jf^-  bo  -  did  Ssk.y  wisdom;  also  n.  of  the 
;<;   Indian  fig-tree,  ficus  religiosa,  byan- 

cvh'Un;  n.  of  the  white  narcissus  (LA.). 

2fj^  bd-ba,  prob.  pf.  of  Jbd-ba. 

2f  ^  bd-^mo  W.  for  bu-m/O. 
'^'(^  bd-lo^  ball,  for  playing  Ld. 
Sot'CT  bog-pa  V.  Jbdgs-pa. 

^'^"  bdg-ra  Sch.  roof. 

2^«|.  bogs,  Cs.y  gain,  profit,  advantage;  bogs 
^  ^ddn-pa  Sch.  to  yield  profit;  where- 
ever  I  met  with  the  word,  it  was  used  only 
in  a  religious  sense:  gain  for  the  mind,  be- 
nefit for  the  heart,  furtherance  of  devotion, 
of  meditation,  Mil, 

^^  bon  1.  also  bons,  size,  dimensions,  vol- 
ume, bulk,  boh-^e,  -cin  large,  bon  ^e 
don  (hen,  large  of  size,  and  small  of  signi- 
ficance are  e.  g.  tne  lungs  (in  as  far  as 
roasted  or  boiled  they  yield  liitle  substan- 
tial food)  MU,;  lus-bon-cdy  -mil,  Jbrirl  big, 
little,  middling,  as  to  size  of  body,  S.g. ; 
bon-tuh  little  in  stature;  bon-tsdd,  bon-fsdd^ 
rdzdgs-pa  full  size,  a  full-grown  body  Tligy. 
—  2.  v.  bon-na.  —  3.  also  bdn-ba,  Cs. :  ^ge- 
neral name  for  small  stones,  pebbles  etc.'; 
in  medical  works  zih-gi  bdn-ba  are  men- 
tioned as  remedies;  in  Pth.  the  word  occurs 
in  an  enumeration  of  temporal  goods,  pre- 
cluding the  above  signification.  —  4.  v.  bon- 
bu.  —  5.  provinc.  for  ban  Glr, 

2JC,'|3    bon-Urd  Sch.  a  species  of  falcon. 
2$^"^]'  bdh-gu  V.  bdn-bu. 

>o 

gj^.-.  bon-ndy  various  species  of  WOlf's  bane, 

aconite,  borl-dkdry  -nag,  -dmar^  -s^r, 

used  as  medicines,  or  even  as  poisons.    • 

gj^.-_  boii-ndg  v.  the  preceeding  and  the 

'  '  following  article. 
gj^.— .  bdn-bu,  Sch.  also  bdn-bo,  1.  ass,  bdn- 
^  po  or  po- bon  he-ass,  bdn-mo  or  mo- 
bdn  she-ass,  bon-prug  colt  or  foal  of  an 


372 


2J^'  bod 


ass;  bon-Bgdl  an  ass's  load;  boh-sbdn  dung 
of  an  ass;  bon-rdzi  keeper  or  driver  of  an 
ass ;  dre-bdh  Cs.  ^an  ass  generating  a  mule'. 

—  2.  n.  of  insects,  rgyds-poi  bdh-bu  sugar- 
mite,  lepisma,  Ld, ;  boh-ndg  (perh.  bun-ndg) 
dung-beetle  LA.  —  3.  Cs, :  blockhead,  fool. 
2jr'  bod  1.  SsL  ^ftz,  Tibet,  bdd- (ki/i)  yul 

'   id.  2.  for  bdd-pa,  bod  Ha- big  some  Ti- 
betans Tar.,  Uyed  bdd-imarm  ye  Tibetans. 

—  3.  for  bdd  -  skad  the  Tibetan  language, 
bdd'du  bsgyur  ^ug  I  will  have  it  trans- 
lated into  Tibetan  Pth,\  bdd-skad,  in  a  more 
limited  sense,  also  implies  the  common 
language  of  conversation,  opp.  to  book- 
language  W,;  bdd'pa,  bdd-(b/t)  mi  Tibetans, 
bod-mo  fem. ;  bdd-kyi  mi-^ngs  or  mi-brgyud 
the  people  of  Tibet  in  contradistinction  to 
other  nations,  bod-Jbdns  the  Tibetan  people, 
opp.  to  its  ruler. 

2j^'^'  bod'pa  1.  V.  bod.  —  2.  =  Jbdd-pa, 

Jf^-  bon  (ace.  to  Schf\  =  ij^)  1.  n.  of  the 
^  early  religion  of  Tibet,  concerning  which 
but  very  imperfect  atcounts  are  existing 
(v.  Report  of  the  Royal  Bavarian  Acad, 
of  Sc,  13.  Jan.  1866);  so  much  is  certain, 
that  sorcery  was  the  principal  feature  of 
it.  When  Buddhism  became  the  religion 
of  state,  the  former  was  considered  here- 
tical and  condemnable,  and  Urn -cos  and 
bon-cos^  or  shorter  cos  and  6on,  were  placed 
in  opposition,  as  with  us  Christianity  and 
paganism;  v.  Glr,  and  Mil;  at  the  present 
time,  both  of  them  seem  to  exist  peaceably 
side  by  side,  and  the  primitive  religion 
has  not  only  numerous  adherents  and  con- 
vents in  C,  but  manifold  traces  of  it  may 
be  found  still  in  the  creed  of  the  Tibetans 
of  to-day.  —  2.  =  bdn-po,  follower  of  this 
religion. 
2f^'  6or,  V.  Jbdr-ba. 

gjx'X'  b&rra,  a  Sack  of  corn,  holding  about 

30  M  W, 
2J^  bol,  bol-gdh  1.  the  upper  part  of  the 
foot  %.  —  2.  the  leg  of  a  boot  W.  — 
3.  clod  of  earth  C.  —  4.  v.  J}oL 

2^2^'^^  bol-gdr  =  hiUha-ri, 


^•^Ql'  bya-tdl 

2jar?f  b6l-po  V.  Jbol-po. 
2|?f  Jos,  V.  Jbdd'pa. 

:v  bya  \,  sbst.  bird,  fowl,  hen,  cf.  thefol- 
^  lowing  articles.  {Pur.  biu  [v.  byiu\  Jn). 
—  2.  vb.  fut.  root  of  bi/ed-pa^  v.  this  and 
the  sbst.  byd'ba.  —  3.  *ja  cd-be*  W,,  to 
castrate,  to  geld. 

n'm*;^'^'  bi/a-kd-ra-na^  «*ll^<lll,  prop.:  ex- 
^  '  planation ,  1 .  =  lun  -du-  ston  -pa 
prophecy,  cf.  Bum.  I,  54  sequ.  —  2.  in  later 
times:  grammar. 

n'ffj'  ^«  -  f^  M^9*'»  *y«  -  tri  Lt,  n.  of  a 
^  "^  medicine. 

q^ffc:'  bya'7*kdn,  1.  a  bird's  foot  —  2.  n, 
^  '  of  a  vein  Med.  —  3.  officinal  plant, 
in  Lh.  a  blue  kind  of  orobanche. 
n'jjr*  bya-skdd^  also  bya-sgruns^  bya-m 
^  ^  '  title  of  a  book  of  satirical  febles,  in 
which  birds  are  introduced  speaking. 

S%^  h^'^^^  fowler's  net  Le^. 
^^  bya-skyi  Stg.;  Sch.:  roof,  shelter. 
^piC'  bya-Kdn  Cs.  blTd-cage. 

So  '  N»  kyun^  kra  and  krun-Urun. 
n^cnrTr  ^y^'9^9  ^^^-  ^°d  elsewh.,  a  species 
^  '  '  of  ducks,  Sch. :  the  gray  duck. 
n'cmq*  bya-dgd  gift,  present,  esp.  as  a 
"^  '  reward;  sbytn-pa  to  bestow  a  gift, 
frq.;  bya-dgdr  as  a  present,  for  a  reward, 
sth*'ba  to  give. 

q'^j^  and  AO}'  h<^''^9<^  and  -rgydl  bird 
^    «  >  ^      Of  prey  B.  and  coL;  byu- 

rgodspos  Med.,  vulgo  la-da-ra  (v.  gla)  bya- 
rgod-pun-poi  ri,  ^fWK,  vulture -hill,  in 
Magadha,  a  preachmg-place  of  Buddha. 

^ft'  bya-iyyd  fowler's  net 

fl'Rjn'  bya-sgdb  n.  of  one  of  the  smaller 
^  ^     lobes  of  the  lungs. 

^^C'  bya-snyih  v.  bya-rmyhu 

9*5'  bya-tri  v.  bya-hi. 

5'^^'  bya-fdl  Glr.  Lght-gray  bird's  dung. 


373 


q'Qcq-  hya-jidb  1.  lit.  a  bird's  wIng.  — 
^  '  2.  a  part  of  the  roof  or  vertical 
projection  of  the  same,  a  kind  of  fa^de, 
admitting  of  pictorial  decoration  Glr, 
n^Qr-  bya-jdre  Sch,^  a  winged  diabolical 
^  ^  creature,  harpy. 
q'&:  %«-««  (ace.  to  Li^.  corrupted  from 


3*5    f>y0''^d2i 


if)  seasoning,  condiment,  sauce,  in 
a  legend;  prob.  also  in  a  gen.  sen^e:  meat, 
food,  byd-naiyO'byddLex.y  byd-Tta-ma.froh. 
id.;  ^d-ba  byd-na-ma Off  l^t/^-nas  hringing 
some  warm  food  Mil. 
5'<3pr  ^y^-^<^ff  raven,  or  some  similar  bird 
^  S,g,;  bya-Ttag-rdd'iye  Mil  id.,  be- 

cause the  raven  is  said  to  reach  an  age 
of  a  thousand  years. 

q-XT-  bya-ndn  ScL  (sub.  byd-ra)  earnest 
^  "^   endeavour. 

^CT  byd-pa  Cs.  fowler,  bird-catcher. 

q'Sf  %«-po  l.-CIM*,  the  male  of  the  do- 
^  mestic  fowl,  more  definitely :  byd^-po) 
mfjsa-lu  B,  and  col. ;  byd^  ddn-po,  ynyis- 
pa  etc.,  the  first,  the  second  cock-crow  C. 
—  2.  ^byd-po  skyd-po*  W.  sparrow.  —  3.  bya- 
po^tsi-tsi  Med,y  a  medicinal  plant,  stopping 
the  monthly  courses;  in  Lh,  the  great  bal- 
samine,  Impatiens  Roylei. 

byd'Spu^  down  (feather),  byai  spu  B. 


31 


S3  imd  col. 

bya-po,  cock,  the  male  of  any  bird. 


CTOTT  bya-prug  1.  a  young  bird.  —  2.  a 
^^  '  young  fowl,  chicken. 
n-q*  byd-ia  1.  inf  and  part,  fut  of  byed- 
^  pa,  q.v.  —  2.  sbst.  deed,  action,  work, 
without  any  reference  to  time,  jig-rtin- 
gyi  byd-ba  and  ids-kyi  byd-ia  secular  and 
religious  works,  frq.;  Tnai  byd-ba  byed^a 
to  act  as  a  mother,  to  perform  a  mother's 
part  Tar, ;  byd-ba  ztn^a  an  action  completely 
past  GrTam.;  byd-ba  man  yah  Jbrds-bu  Jfiiw- 
ba  much  labour  and  little  fruit,  much  work 
and  little  profit  Tar,\  der  rgydl-po  dan  bl&n- 
po-mams-kyi  byd-ba  byun-ba  yin  then  the 
afifairs  of  the  kings  and  their  officers,  the 
concerns  of  the  state  and  its  functionaries, 
gained  ground;  also  in  an  absolute  sense 


byd-ba  ^  secularity,  worldliness,  byd-ba  btdn- 
bajig  ryydn-du  h  a  resigning  of  worldly 
things  is  fraught  with  great  blessing  Mil ; 
bya-byid  the  doing,  doings:  bya-byed  nyiin- 
ba  jig  rgydn-du  ce  the  doing  little  brings 
great  blessing,  and  so  in  a  similar  manner: 
byd-rgyu  byid-rgyu  ma  inahjig  do  not  give 
way  to  a  bustling  disposition  M/.,  i.e.  do 
not  permit  your  contemplative  state  to  be 
interrupted  by  a  distracting  activity  of  your 
mind;  bstdn-pa-la  (or  bstdn-pai)  byd-ba 
byds-pai  h-rgyiis  an  account  of  what  has 
been  done  for  the  spread  of  the  doctrine 
Tar,;  byd-ba  dan  Jyril-ba  seems  to  be  a 
grammatical  term  relating  to  the  verb. 

^'^C  bya-bdh  v.  bya-wdiu 

5'qtlJ'  bya-bdlSch,  down  (feathers) ;  Lif.  1 2 1  ? 

CTOaj^q*  ^y«-^^«^-pa  one  free  from  business, 
one  that  has  renounced  all  worldly 
employment,  an  ascetic,  Ld,-Glr, 

^^  byd-ma  a  female  bird,  hen,  brood-hen. 
^STf  byd-ma-rta  courier,  estafet. 

^3^'^3^*  %«-^«-6w?;i  a  tea-pot  shaped 
^  vessel  used  in  sacrificing. 

n'^*q:^-£pn'  bya-ma-byar-skydgl?)  dan- 
^      ^    ^  '    delion.  Taraxacum  Ld, 

S'^'S"  iya-wa-^^yi  S,g. ;  Sch,  flying  squirrel. 

q'3;fa|q'  bya-via-Ub  Sch,  butterfly,  =pye- 
^  m>a^leb, 

q'df  h^-^o  1-  the  female  of  any  kind  of 
^       birds.  —  2.  hen,  female  fowl,  also  in 
conjunction  with  mfsd-lu,  cf.  byd-po(?). 
q**j[^'n'  bya-rmydh-ba  ScLy  bya-i*my4n 
^  ^  (another  reading  myen)  byid-pa, 

to  yawn  Mil 

^^^^  bya-dmdr  flamingo  Sch. 
2'<3fc'  bya-fsdn  bird's  nest 
5'$'^C  bya-fse-^Hh  Sch.  the  white  crane. 
5'^S=I]^'  bya-fsdgs  a  flight  of  birds. 
^g  bya-rdd  one  attending  to  poultry. 


374  : 

^*<3C  bya-wdn 

o'nvr  ^y^'^^^'^  ^'9'y  ^^*-  night-hawk,  goat- 
^  ^     sucker,  caprimulgus;  bat 

5'^^  ^bya-bidn*  Bal.  egg. 

-.^,  bya-z^  crcrt,  tutt  (of  feathers)  of  birds 
^        Sch. 

g'QSTT  hya-Jig  prob.  owl;  Sch.  quail (?). 
byd-raCs,:  'heed,  care,  caution'.  This 


^'Ir  byan-rdo 


f^' 


word  beloDging  to  the  language  of  the 
people  and  to  later  literature,  is  not  so  much 
an  abstract,  as  a  concrete  noun,  signifying 
a  watchman,  superintendent  (chiefly  by  day, 
cf.  Tnil'fse  night-watch);  it  denotes  more 
particularly  that  individual  of  a  community, 
who  has  to  see  to  it,  that  the  compulsory 
post-office  duties  be  punctually  performed, 
and  that  messages  from  the  lord  or  ma- 
gistrate of  the  place  be  duly  dispatched 
and  forwarded  to  their  place  of  destination ; 
in  a  more  gen.  sense  byd-ra  byedr-pa  Glr,, 
*c6'^e*  W.,  yton-ba  Mil.  c.  la,  tO  give  heed, 
to  pay  attention,  to  look  sharp,  not  to  lose 
sight  of;  also,  to  be  on  one's  guard  against, 
to  take  a  thing  seriously,  e.g.  nddla  a  disease 
L^.;  *jd-^'a  Umig'*  (p^'op*  yid-mig)  *co*,  pay 
strict  attention!    W. 

-•jrg-.  bya-^^dg  crow,  raven,  mentioned  in 
^  '  S.  O.  as  an  inveterate  enemy  of  the 
^ug-pa  (owl). 

n'OJ^'  iya-Ws,  labour,  work,  zin-pa-m^d- 
^  pai  bya-lds  endless  labours  Mil. 

S-grq-  byd'lo-pa  1.  v.  to. —  2,  Sch,  'keeping 
poultry'(?). 

2'^5I'  bya-so-ma  Ts ,  Ld.  bat 

— ,— .  q.s  bydg('pd)  1.  Cs,  pliancy,  nimble- 
3  1^  ^  ness,  agility  of  body;  byag-m/can 
rope-dancer  L^w.  —  2.  sometimes  erron. 
for  jag  and  jdg-pa. 

nC'  ^y^^^  ^-  n®'*th;  byan-pydgs  and  prob. 
^  also  bydii-Ua  Mil,  id.;  bydn-gi,  byan- 
pypgS'kyi  northern;  byah-nds  north  side, 
northern  brow  or  slope  of  a  hill;  also  n. 
pr.,  Glr,;  byan-fdn  n.pr.  the  heaths  or 
steppes  in  northern  Tibet,  more  esp.  those 
bordering  in  tlie  west  on  Ld,  —  2.  northern 
country,  coinciding  with  byan-fdn:  bydh-la 


bilug-gohew^  banished  to  the  north  country 
Glr. ;  bydii-pa  a  man  from  Jan-fdn  —  3.  the 
significations  oibyansnyomrpaSch,  to  tailor, 
to  cut  to  a  proper  shape,  and  of  several 
other  compounds,  require  a  different  ety- 
mology yet  unknown.  —  4.  for  bydh-bu, 
qr'ffc:  h^^'^^^'^  trowsers,  small-clothes, 
S    3     breeches  MU, 
nr-fficn-  byan-Kdg  1.  the  inside  of  the  body, 
^    '     '    byan-kog-stdd  the  upper  part  of 
the  body,  cavity  of  the  chest,  byah-Uog" 
smdd  lower  part  of  the  belly,  abdomen, 
bowels  S,g.;  ^jan-Icdg-la  zug  ra^  I  feel  a 
pain  in  my  bowels  W,  —  2.  rump;  opp.  to 
yan-ldg  limbs  Lt, 

g[;'H]'  bydn-gaLt? 

3    9j     ^1    northern  continent  of  the  an- 
cient geography  of  India,  v.  glin. 
--•--.  hyan  -  (fwi,  ^f%|^  prop-  wisdom; 
^   ^   with  the  Buddhists  the  highest  pe^ 
fection  and  holiness,  such  as  every  Bud- 
dhist desires  to  obtain,  which  however  to 
its  full  extent  only  the  real  Buddha  him- 
self possesses,  v.  Kopp.  1, 425, 435;  %a«- 
hLb^mcdg  id.,  frq.;  byan-dttb-mbog-tu  sem 
(or  resp.  fugs)skyidrpa  to  create  the  thought 
of  such  holiness,  to  direct  the  mind  to  it 
Dzl,  Glr.;  byan-hib  ^ddd-pa  to  aim  at  it, 
to  be  anxious  to  obtain  it  Dzl;  Un-pa  to 
attain  it;  byarUcub'-shns  the  mind  intent 
on  and  suited   for  it,   universal  charity; 
snyiri'Tje-byan-hib-s^ms-kyis  kun  blan-nas 
submitting  to  every  thing  with  a  loving 
and  charitable  mind;   byan-^ui-s^ms-dpa, 
41fa^Ti<,  frq-  with  the  addition  of  sem- 
dpa-cen-po  the  saint  that  has  attained  the 
highest  station  next  to  Buddha,  merely  for 
thewel&reof  men  still  tarrying  in  this  world, 
designated  Buddha,  as  it  were;  Kop.  1,422; 
byan-cub-s^ms-ma  fem.  of  it  Thgi\\  byan- 
hib'Uhy  fincnr,  the  bodhi-tree,  holy  fig- 
tree,  ficus  religiosa  (not  indica),  emblem 
of  mercy;  byan-ctibsnyin-po  i|Yfv|^W'  ^* 
pr.  =  rd(M*)e'ydan. 

qr^  byan  -  rdo  Cs.  monument,  prop,  in- 
^      »    scrintion-stone. 


scription-stone. 


J.. 


375 


OT^'CT  bydn-pa 

flt^'CT  by^n-pa  1 .  V.  byan.  —  2.  S.g.  f  byan- 
^  pasrin  Sch. :  an  insect. 

qCfl*  bydn-bay  pf.  oi  Jbydh-ba  q.v.;  byan- 
^  s^w  a  pure,  holy  mind  Mil,  prob. 
==  byan-cub'Sems, 

5^'^  ^yO'Ti-bu^  3^*1'  bydn-ma  l.inscrip- 

tiofi,  direction,  label.  —  2.  the  tablet  on  which 
an  insciiption  is  written,  zd/ts-kyi  bydh-bu- 
la  (to  write)  on  a  copper  plate  or  tablet 
Glr.;  yig-bydfiy  Ka-bydn^  resp.  zaUbyan^  - 
bydn-bu  1 ;  sgo-bydn  inscription  over  a  door, 
dur-bydn  on  a  sepulchre;  rtags-bydh  a 
mark  on  a  thing  Cs.;  btjed-bydn  list  of 
marked  luggage;  min-bydn^  resp.  mtsan- 
bydn  list  of  names  -ftA. ;  ^o^  -  %a/i  cards 
Sch.\  byan-^^dd  a  stone  monument. 
^Jr  byad  I.  1.  O.  proportion,  symmetry, 
^  '  beauty,  dpe-byad  Dzl,  id.;  bydd-can 
well-proportioned,  fair,  beautiful;  byadrmid 
the  contrary  Cs,  —  2.  face,  countenance  L^.; 
iyarf  spu^  U^ns-pa  a  hairy  face  Glr,;  bydd- 
hfi  bkrags  Thgy.^  mdans  Lt,  brightness, 
radiancy,  beautiful  complexion;  byad-bhin 
face  DzL^  mf  Lex, ;  byad-yzugs^  Sch, :  stature, 
prob.  more  correctly:  countenance  and  body 
Dzl.  and  elsewh.  — 

n.  (Cs.  also  bydd-ma)  1.  enemy.  —  2.  a 
wicked  demon,  bydd-ma  rm^-sa-dan  Wdn. 
—  3.  also  byadnste7n{s\  S.  0.  and  elsewh., 
imprecation,  malediction,  combined  with  sor- 
cery, the  name  of  an  enemy  being  written 
on  a  sKp  of  paper  and  hid  in  the  ground, 
under  various  conjurations;  yMn-gyi  byad^ 
pd-rol-poibyad^sterm  a  malediction  practised 
by  another;  bydd-du  or  sterna -su  jug -pa, 
prob.  to  curse  a  person  with  conjurations. 

m.  in  compounds,  yo-byddy  ia-bydd 
q.v.  —  IV.  frq.  for  byed, 
as:  %^**  ^'  ^'  frq-  ^^^  byd-na^  *jan  to- 
^^  Han,  jdn-ma* cook. — 2.  v.  the  following. 
q^rif  bydn-poCs.  married  man;  Sch,:  a 
^  ^  free  man,  one  divorced  from  his 
wife;  byanr-moCs,  wife,  spouse;  Sch.:  1.  a 
divorced  woman.  —  2.  a  whore.  Only  this 
latter  signification  seems  to  be  known  among 
the  common  people,  e.g.  *a-pe  jdn-mo*, 
as  a  vulgar  abusive  term;  byan-fsud-pa 


^5^'i^'  byds-pa 


Sch,  'to  allure,  entice,  seduce';  these  sig- 
nifications are,  however,  not  sufficient  to 
explain:  bydn-vioi  byi-bor  (or  -p(w)  ran 
byan  tsud  Lea;,,  and :  senis-la  ran  byan  tsud 
MU, 

nq*cr  h^^-P^  ^'  ^  olewHj  cleanse,  wash, 
^  wipe,  nan  fams-bdd-la  to  clean  the 

whole  house  Domah.  —  2.  to  take  up,  to 
gather  with  both  hands,  e.g.  barley  6'.;  byab- 
zed  Sch,  instrument  for  cleaning,  brush; 
byabs-flnis  Sch.  shower-bath. 
.^-^».  bydnis-pa  1.  kindness,  love,  affec- 
^  tion,  bydms'Sejns  id.  —  2.  kind,  lov- 

ing, affectionate,  used  of  the  love  of  parents 
to  their  children,  of  the  beneficent  to  the 
needy,  but  not  in  the  contrary  order,  nor 
of  love  to  inanimate  objects ;  lydms-pai  tin- 
ne-^dzin  the  meditation  of  love,  compassion, 
frq.;  mi  kun-la  bydms-Hh  being  kind  to- 
wards every  body;  bydms-pai  ynyen  kind, 
affectionate  relations,  frq  ;  bydms-pa  mdn- 
na  when  I  have  many  well-wishers,  patrons 
Dom, ;  bydms'pa  as  a  n.  pr.,  also  bydms-pa 
mgon-po  Maitreya,  the  Buddha  of  the  future 
period  of  the  world,  who  at  present  is  en- 
throned in  the  Galdan  heaven,  and  who  is 
frequently  represented  in  pictures,  v.  Kopp, ; 
byam^s-bkugs  sitting  like  Maitreya,  i.e.  after 
European  fashion  on  a  chair,  with  his  legs 
hanging  down,  opp.  to  fuA-bitigs,  like  Sa- 
kyathubpa;  yet  he  is  by  no  means  uniformly 
represented  in  that  posture, 
n^r  ^^^^  supine  of  byM-pa;  byar-med  1. 
^  prop. :  7wn  faciendum,  not  to  be  done. 
—  2.  sbst  inactivity,  inaction  in  the  speci- 
fically Buddhist  sense,  apathy,  indifference, 
byar-m^d'kyi  ndn-la  ynds-par  gyis  Thgr. 
— -j,q.  byds-pa,  pf.  of  byM-pa ;  byds-na  ^si 
^  fecei^\  ""sin  feceins\  after  a  preced- 

ing prohibitive  ma  byed  also  to  be  rendered 
by  else;  as  sbst.  l.  'factor.  2.  'f actus':  bydd- 
pa  byds'pa  a  doer  of  deeds,  as  the  first 
grade  of  holiness;  byds-pa  ses-pa,  yzo-ba 
Sch,  to  keep  in  mind  a  thing  done,  to  re- 
quite, to  reward ;  by  as- cos  Mil,,  also  known 
in  C,  seems  to  be  a  notion  akin  to  our 
conscience,  *)he'Co  zdn-po,  nim-pd^  C,  *jhf' 
le*  id. 


376 


byi 


5<3r  byin 


^  byi  1.  G/r.,  jF%A.,  iye  byed-pa  to  commit 
^  adultery  or  rape  offemales^&^^-ca^ipuDish- 
ment  for  it  —  2.  v.  byi-ba,  —  3.  Pur,  *6z* 
bird,  cf.  byiu, 

§^^'(^')  f^i/^^^K'ff^)  a  medicine  i/^d. 
S'gx'  byi' fur  or  dw?',  1.  n.  of  an  animal, 
"^N^     inhabiting  caves  S.g.;  byi'dur-ma 
Sik  porcupine.  —  2.  spine  of  a  porcupine 
or  a  hedgehog  Sch, 

^^  byi-ddr  a  kind  of  silk  stuff?  WdL 

3'^^'  byi^ur  v.  byi-tur, 

^^'  iyi'd&r  the  wiping,  cleaning;  //^ojr- 
"^  '  bddr  zes-pa  byi^m^-ffyi  las  dei  min 
the  ^ov^pyag^bdar  denotes  the  act  of  clean- 
ing Lea.;  commonly  byi-dor  by^d-pa  e.g. 
ynds  -  sw  to  clean,  to  sweep  a  place  DzL ; 
spiritually;  to  cleanse  one's  thoughts  Mil.; 
byi-bddr  byid-pa  Dzl.  to  dress,  trim,  decorate 
one's  self,  to  make  one's  self  smart 
S*2f  ^y^'P^  ^^'  bowm.  —  2.  W.  male-cat, 
^      tom-cat 

S'n*  ^'-^^  ■!•  sbst.  B.  and  C. ;  col.  C.  *jhi' 
^  fe^•  Ld.j  Pur.  *bi^ts^^  Ld,^  Lh.  *8a-- 
bi-li^gYy  rat,  mouse,  and  various  other  ani- 
mals: byi-ba-rkah-rvh  Sch.  rabbit  (?);  dnul- 
byi  Sch.  white  rabbit.  —  byi-dkdr  Sch.  white 
hare.  —  byi-Uun  mouse-hole.  —  byi-^do  Sch. 
rat's-bane,  arsenic.  —  byi-ld^m  mouse-trap. 

—  byi-ndg  Sch.  fitch et,  polecat.  —  byi-prug 
young  mouse.  —  byi-bmn  Dzl.  mouse-dung. 

—  byv-bld  V.  sub  byi-la.  —  byi-fsdn  mouse- 
nest,  mouse-hole.  —  byi-fser  medicinal  herb 
Med.  —  byi'^dzin  Cs.  mouse-trap ;  byi-bzun 
Lt.y  *bi'Zum*  W., -etymol.  id.;  but  applied 
to  that  troublesome  plant,  the  bur  (bur- 
dock), which  is  stuck  into  mouse-holes,  to 
fasten  in  the  skin  of  the  mice.  —  byi-lon 
etym.  blind-mouse  Sch.  mole.  —  II.  vb.: 
byi-ba  byed-pa  Cs.y  =  byi  byed-pa  1.  to  mouse; 
to  steal,  to  pilfer.  2.  to  commit  adultery.  — 
III.  pf.  of  Jyyi-ba  q.  v.;  byi-ba  spUy  Sch.^ 
hair  that  has  fallen  off. 

^'^byi-bo  Lex.',  Sch.  little  child,  infant,  = 
^       byis-pa. 

q§x-  byi-bzin  n.  of  one  of  the  lunar  man- 
'  ^  sions,  v.  rgyu-skdr. 


'3'  byi-z^  Cs.  =  fofts,  manner,  way,  method. 

X*  byi-ru  COral,  frq.,  also  byu-f^;  byi-ru 
mdog  light  red  Glr. 

^'^ybyi^rug  medicinal  plant  Med 

^  *billd*)y  cat;  byi-lai  brtm^  cat's  dang 
Lt;  byi-bla  Wdk.  id.?  In  the  latter  work 
it  is  mentioned  as  the  name  of  a  certain 
monster,  whilst  byi-blai  rgyal-mtsdn  is  an 
attribute  of  the  gods,  resembling  a  flag  with 
a  cat's  head  at  the  top. 

|'aj3;i-  byi-ldm  Wdk  J 
J^-  byi-sdn  Wdflf 
gC'^'  byin-ba  v.  Jbyih-ba. 

^    ^    ^^   animal  (?). 

T^z^  byim-pa  1.  Cs.  general,  common.— 
2.  Sch.  hidden,  concealed.  —  3.  d. 
root.  The  word  seems  to  be  a  secondary 
form  of  tpyi  ano  dbyins,  yet  in  various  pas- 
sages of  medical  works  none  of  the  above 
meanings  is  applicable. 
^^  byin  1.  pomp,  splendour,  magnificenee, 
^  '  e.g.  of  kings;  byin-ce-bar  bziigs-pato 
be  enthroned  in  great  splendour  DzL;  y^ 
h^id  dan  byin  ie  Dzl.  mfu  dan  byin  Dd.; 
byin -dan  magnificent,  splendid,  brilliaul, 
byin  -  med  the  contrary.  —  2.  blessing,  a 
bestowing  of  blessings,  a  power  working  for 
good,  byin-bdb  Lea.,  -pab  Sch. :  conferring 
blessings  (?),  bdom-ldan-^dds-kyi  byin  -gyin 
by  the  blessing,  the  miraculous  power  of 
Buddha;  yet  also  applied  to  devils,  v. below: 
most  frq.  byin-gyis  rUb-pa,  pf.  brlah,  ft, 
brlab,  imp.  rhbs,  to  bless,  mi  a  person,  sa- 
yzi  a  place  Mil.,  also  followed  by  the  tennin.: 
shns-can-gyi  sdug-bsndl  zi-bar  byin-ggis 
rlobs  grant  thy  blessing,  that  the  misery  of 
beings  may  be  assuaged  Mil.;bu  mfun-rkyen 
Jtz6m-bar  byin-gyis  rlobs  bless  the  son,  tha* 
all  happmess  may  be  accuoialated  on  iii  m 
Mil.;  rgyud  ynyhi-po  bzdn-bar  bless  my 
soul,  that  it  may  be  an  efficient  help  (to 
these  people)  MU.;  relative  to  deviU:  bg- 


r 


S<3r£(9r  byin-rten 


J-gq]-  bye'4)rdg 


377 


jifin  bdud'kyis  byin-gyu  brlabs  heretical 
teachers  sent  and  fitted  out  by  the  devil; 
so  also  Tar.  46, 13;  to  create,  to  change  into 
Aft/.,  Tar.;  hence  byin-^labi  blessing,  bym- 
rlabs  byed-fa^  resp.  mdzad-pa  frq.,  yt&h-ba^ 
resp.  %U6Uba  Ci.,=  byin-^yis  rl6b^a\  hym- 
rlabs^^ariy  bym-rlabs  dan  Iddn-^a  blessed, 
sanctified,  highly  favoured,  men  or  things 
PA. ;  so  also  byinr-rlabs  iugs-pa  Mil. ;  ^dre" 
^dul  byin-^labs  blessing  pronounced  against 
demons,  exorcism  of  devils  Mil.;  meton.: 
I  am  the  ^p'dffs-pai  byin-rlahs  of  all  of  you, 
he  who  will  help  you  to  go  to  heaven  Glr. 
h^^  byin-rthi  Ci.,  the  relics  of  a  saint, 
^  '  /I  or  the  place  where  they  are  kept 
('depository  of  blessings') ;  also  in  the  shape 
of  pills,  which  liberal  donors  receive  from 
their  Lamas,  and  which  they  swallow,  par- 
ticularly in  the  hour  of  death. 
S^q.  byin-pa  1.  sbst.  caH  of  tlie  leg,  byin- 
^  '  pa  nd-ba  pain  in  the  calf;  byin-M 
Cs.  'hollow  on  the  inward  side  of  the  thighX?). 

—  n.  pf.  of  sbyivrfa. 

hgr'if  byiv^po  Sch.  all,  the  whole ;..general; 
^  ^  byin-ffyis  prd-ba  by  degrees,  more 
and  more  fine  etc.? 

5^§^^'  ^y^^*^^«  V.  byin  2. 
Sq'q*  hfib-po",  pf-  ^yif>8  1.  to  cover,  to  wrap 
up,  ffds-kyis  Lt  —  2.  Cs.  to  hide,  con- 
ceal, keep  secret,  hush  up. 
Sq-  hfiu  1.  Pur.  '^bivJ'y  little  bird,  bird  S.g. 
^^  —  2.  Sch.  alpine  hare. 
Sof  n"  byil'ba  to  stroke,  mgd-bo^a  byil-byil 
^         byid-^a  to  stroke  a  person 's  head  Pth. 

^^  byilmo  naked  Sch. 

"h^ZT  by^'P<^  1-  child,  esp.  little  child;  byis- 
(j?at)  nod  disease  of  children  Med.; 
byiS'pa  btsd^fabs  obstetric  science  Med.; 
byiS'Btdn  v.  nd-zla  sub  na  I,  2;  byia-pai 
bio  Cs.  childishness,  want  of  judgment; 
byis-pai  skyS-bo  a  plain,  ignorant  person,  a 
person  not  initiated  Thgy.^  S.O.;  mo-byis 
girf,  lass  MU.;  byis-pa-zun-i^ig  Cs.,  twins. 

—  2.  boy,  lad,  till  about  the  age  of  16  years, 
frq.  (W.  not  in  use). 

9«^'  byu-ru  =  byi-ru. 


qqrq'  %2f^-pa  1.  unguent,  ointment,  salve, 

^  '  whether  as  colouring-matter,  medi- 
cine or  sweet  scent  Dzl.^  Med.;  byug-pa  ska 
thick  ointment,  thick  plaster;  byug-pa  sla 
thin  unguent  Cs.  —  2.  foot-bath  W.,  perh. 
better:  bbiig-fa. 

^  '  certain  succession  or  row;  byitg- 

ris  )iog  make  room,  leave  a  place  empty  Sch* 
qjMT  byugs  v.  Jbyug-fa;  byugs-spos  anoint- 
i  "^    ing-oil  Sch 

qr*  byuh  v.  Jbytm-ba;  byiin^fstd  history, 
^  story,  particulars  of  any  event,  mi  byun-^ 
fsul  d^-Uar  yda  that  is  my  story  MiL ;  byun- 
rdbs  Sch.  id. 

qx'  byur  B.,  esp.  of  later  times  and  col., 
^  Ld.  also  byusy  misfortune,  mishap,  ac- 
cident, byur  cdUn  bu  mi  ysds-na  if  one  has 
the  great  misfortune  not  to  be  able  to  keep 
a  child  alive  Dom.;  mi-la  byur  ^gil-ba  to 
draw  down  misfortune  on  a  person  Dom.; 
*nd'la  jwr  bug  son^  W.y  ^)hui^  C,  I  have 
had  misfortune,  I  have  been  unfortunate; 
byiir-gyiy  also  byur-ban  unlucky,  disastrous, 
perilous.  —  *jhur-nd^  great  calamity  C. 

—  byur-sdl  preservative  against  misfortune. 

—  ran-byur-rdd  was  explained:  a  sling- 
stone  with  which  one  hits  one's  self. 
qx'gf'  byur-pOyCs.  also-6w,  vulg.  byu/r-byiii 
^  heaped,  a  heaped  measure  of  con 
or  meal;  byiir-por  bkan  Thgy. 

^-  %^  1.  =  byeu  little  bird,  bye-gUn  bird's 
^  nest  J/a.;  bye-prug  a  young  little  bird 
Dzl.y  also  bya-prug;  bye -brim  bird-dung 
Wdh.;  byeu  Jir-pa  Sch.  partridge.—  2.  V. 
byi-ma. 

B'3^  %*^^  ^-  '^'"''^  l*®^"  —  2.  an  offl- 
^  '  cinal  mineral  S.g. 
^.q.  bye-ba  ten  million,  byi-ba-prag  ysum 
^  dan  sd-yorprag  drug  thirty-six  million ; 
bye-ba  sa-ya,  eleven  million;  it  seems 
to  be  among  the  larger  numbers  one  of  the 
most  popular,  as  the  word  million  is  in 
English. 

^OTT  by^-irdg,  f^i(^,  1.  difference,  diver- 
^  '  Sity,  K6-bo  dan  sans-rgyds  bye-brdg 
hi  yod  what  difference  is  there  between  me 
and  Buddha?  DzL;  bye-brag  Jbyid-pa  to  find, 

24* 


com 


378 


J»r¥- 


?-wa 


to  show  a  difference,  c.  genii,  in,  of,  be- 
tween things;  to  analyze,  to  explain;  variety, 
diversity  Was,  (266);  bye-brdg  bMd-pa  = 
inbhdsha  Was,  (147),  also  bye- brag -bkadr 
mfsd  or  ^hir-yt^^  title  of  books;  by^-brag- 
ban  Cs,  different,  bye-b^'ag-mSd-pa  ti.,  mi- 
pyM'pa  Dzl,  equal;  bye-brdg^tu  smrd-ba 
Thgy,,  bye  -  brag  -  pa,  ffijf^  name  of  a 
school  of  philosophers,  Atomists  Kopp.  1, 69. 
^  2.  divisioh,  section,  class,  spedes,  d&<l- 
^roiy  rdl-moi  bye-brag  a  species  of  animals, 
a  kind  of  musical  instrument  etc.  Lea.;yilr 
gyi  bye-brdg  a  part  of  the  country,  province. 
Tar,  33,  6;  bye-brdg^tu  (to  go  through) 
according  to  the  separate  classes  Zam, 

^  sand,  frq.  —  2.  sandy  plain,  sands,  ys^- 
gyi  byi-mai  dkyil-na  in  the  middle  of  a  plain 
of  gold  sand  Glr,  —  3.  gravel  (disease) 
Schr,  —  byi-ma  Jbru  yiig  a  grain  of  sand 
Cs, ;  gdn-pai  klim-gi  byi-ma  tsam  as  much 
sand  as  there  is  on  the  Ganges;  bye-ma- 
kd^ra  brown  sugar,  ground  sugar.  Hind, 
^fWV,  C*  —  bye-dkdr  white  sand,  bye-ndg 
black  sand.  —  bye^Mb  Lt,  sandy  water, 
water  standing  on  sandy  ground.  —  bye-- 
Ijdns  a  sandy  tract  Cs,  —  bye-Hdn  a  plain 
of  sand,  a  sandy  desert  Glr,  —  bye -pun 
heap  of  sand.  —  bye-fsub  sand  raised  by 
a  whirlwind.  —  bye-ril  (Schr,  hrU),  small 
sugar-balls,  Indian  sweet-meat,  imported 
into  Tibet,  C, 

"^C'V'  byidrpa  I.  vb.,  pf.  byoA,  fut.  Aya,  imp. 
^  '  byos^  vulgo  byas  (Sp,,  Bal,  bSd-pa*; 
in  Ld.  and  Lh,  instead  of  it  gen.  *^o-^^*), 
resp.  mdzddrpa,  eleg.  bgyid-pa,  1.  to  make, 
to  fabricate,  with  the  ace,  e.g.  a  house,  an 
armour  etc.;  with  las  or  la,  to  make  out  of 
or  of:  ysSr-las  out  of  gold,  ^n-la  Tar,  160, 
11  of  wood;  with  the  ace.  and  termin.  to 
form  to,  to  work  into,  pdgs-pa  hog-hog'tu 
to  work  or  manufacture  skin  into  parch- 
ment Dzl. ;  with  the  instrum. :  to  do  with, 
to  make  of:  JUs  H  Hg  bya  what  are  you 
going  to  do  with  it,  to  make  of  it?  Dzl,  to 
cause,  to  effect:  Ihun-ba  de  nas  byds-^a  yin 
MU,  it  was  I  that  caused  this  falling;  with 
the  supine,  to  take  0|U*e  that:   byed-par 


l^-q*  byidnpa 

^dod-par  bydd-^a  to  make  him  inclined  to 
do  it  Dzl,,  ma  hor-bar  byos  hg  PA,  take 
care,  that  he  do  not  escape;  yddrpar  byidr 
pa  to  produce,  procure,  provide,  dei  yrm- 
Han- la  sdgs-pa  byds-nas  he  provided  for 
him  a  dwelling  with  appurtenances  Dd.; 
to  fit  out,  equip  (a  ship)  Glr.;  tO  ad:  rgydl- 
pOy  dran^-srdn  etc.  byM-pa  to  act  a  kmg, 
a  saint,  as  much  as:  to  rule  as  a  king,  to 
live  as  a  saint  Dzl,,  bld-^ma  by^drpa  to  be 
a  priest  C,\  in  a  gen.  sense:  to  do:  byd-ba 
dan  byoria-moryinrpa  st&n-pa  to  teach  what 
men  ought  to  do  and  what  they  ought  not 
to  do  Thgy,',  to  commit,  perform,  execute: 
nyis-pa  byedrbyidrpa  one  that  has  repeat- 
edly committed  himself,  las  or  byd-ba  hyidr 
pa  to  perform  an  action,  las  bi  hig  byed 
what  are  you  doing,  what  is  your  business? 
fcAs  yod-de  byid-mUan  med  there  is  an 
expedient,  but  no  one  that  carries  it  into 
effect  Ma  ;  mi  byar  mi  run-boA  as  it  most 
be  performed,  lit.  as  it  cannot  remain  un- 
done Dzl,',  bsdmrpa  Itar  myur^u  byds-na 
if  an  intention  is  speedily  executed,  per- 
formed; las  byed-pa  to  woric,  to  be  efficiefft 
(of  a  medicine);  to  ad,  proceed,  pretsmi, 
affect:  H  Itar  byds^na  legs  how  proceeding 
is  good  ?  i.e.  which  is  the  best  way  to  pro- 
ceed, how  shall  I  manage  best?  Glr,;  bsdm- 
ytan  -  la  ydd-pai  lugs  byas  he  pretended, 
affected  to  meditate  Glr,;  dei  lugs-su  byaa 
I  will  act  as  he  does,  I  will  do  like  Uiat 
man  Glr,;  gd-le  by^-pa  Mil.  to  proceed 
slowly,  to  be  slow;  to  toke,  to  assume,  to 
count:  iag  bzi'pa  ddn-por  byds-na  if  the 
fourth  day  be  taken  for  (counted  as)  the 
first  Wdn.;  bySd-pa  with  the  termin.  of  lie 
inf.  is  frequently  used  periphrastically  or 
to  give  force  to  other  verbs;  such  forms 
are :  ysdd-par  byidrpa  to  kill,  ^a-^mds  lA- 
par  byos  (or  gyis)  Ug,  resp.  yab^m-^yis 
mUyen-par  Tndzod  dig  dear  parents,  yoa 
must  know!  Dzl;  on  the  other  hand:  pa- 
la  rig -par  gyis  sig  let  your  father  know 
about  it  Tar,  37,  7 ;  in  such  cases  the  pro- 
per sense  is  merely  to  be  gathered  from  the 
context.   Besides  the  simple  fut.:  ^dig-fof 
byao  I  shall  remain  Tar.,  Ud-mo  grogs  byd- 


g^a-^njj/jrwe  Jlu^  'ii'^^^^  TxJ5j',U>(.4o.j^.42o* 


l^-q-  by^d^a 


879 


Qfl^  brd-ia 


yw  as  I  shall  be  with  you  Glr.;  —  the  form 
byao  frq.  serves  to  express  necessity:  btsdl" 
bar  bya  I  must  seek  Dzl.\  esp.  with  a  ne- 
gation :  bryddrpar  mi  byao  they  are  by  no 
means  to  be  pronounced;  the  participles  in 
the  short  forms  of  yton-by^d  and  yton-byd 
differ,  in  as  much  as  the  former  is  used 
in  an  active  sense,  e.g.  one  giving,  a  giver, 
the  latter  in  a  passive  sense,  one  to  be  given; 
they  may  be  formed  of  any  verb.   For  spe- 
cific combinations^    in  which  byid-pa  is 
differently  to  be  translated,  as  dpe  bydd-pa^ 
yid^la  byid-pa  etc.,  refer  to  these  words.  — 
2.  to  say,  to  call,  yet  chiefly  only  in  the 
pf.  tense:  ies  byds-pa  Dd.  thus  said,   so 
called ;  anar  byds-pa  biin  according  to  what 
has  been  said  before  Dd.;  bya^s-kyan  though 
saying  Pth.  —  and  in  the  fut.,  which  in 
that  case,  however,  frq.  stands  for  the  pre- 
sent:  (ies)  byd'bai  sgra  byuh-no  a  voice 
thus  speaking  was  heard  Glr.\  d^la  dbyam 
ies  byao  these  are  called  vowels  Gram.; 
(i«8-)  byds-pay  or  more  frq.  byd-ba^  the  so 
called,  being  often  joined  to  a  name,  that 
is  mentioned  for  the  first  time,  e.g.  Anu, 
the  so  called,  whilst  we  should  say,  a  man, 
called  Anu,  or  of  the  name  of  A.;  byd-ba 
also  implies :  of  the  purport,  to  the  effect, 
just  as  his-pa  is  also  used:  ^fsol-ltig^  byd- 
bai  luh  byiih-^nas  an  order  being  given  to 
make  a  search  Glr,  —  8.  to  go  away,  to 
disapfiear:  byas  son  he  disappeared  Glr.  — 
II.  sbst  1.  byidrpa  and  byid-mlianj  the 
person  that  does  or  has  done  a  thing,  the 
door,  performer  eto. ;  author,  bstan-bdds  by^d- 
mHan  the  author  of  the  work  Tar.  —  2. 
hy^drpa  the  instrumentative  case  Gram.  —  3. 
byid-pa  the  doing,  dealings,  with  noun  in 
the  instrum.  case:  di-^dra-ba  mt-rtge-pa 
rgydlrpos  by4drpa  such  wrong  being  done 
by  the  king,  such  unjust  dealings  of  the 
king  Dzl.\  in  the  genit.  case:  bld-yi  by^d- 
pa  dbyins-^u  sbos  hide  the  working  of  your 
understanding  in  the  heavens,   i.  e.  let  it 
disappear  in  nothingness;  effect,  also  with 
the  noun  in  the  genit.  case,  Wdn.  —  4.  by^ 
(rpa}-poj  doer,  accomplisher  etc.,  miSddsbyin 
byid'pa-por  bos  he  invited  him  as  sacri- 


ficing priest  Tar.;  ^duh-bar  by^d-pa-po  con- 
verter Tar. ;  bkra^-MB  spiUbai  bySd-po  aug- 
menter  of  eternal  happiness  (from  a  hymn); 
byidrpa^o  instrumentative  case  Gram. ;  as  the 
twelve  bySd'pa-poi  shye-mS^d  I  here  cite 
the  following  from  Wdk.j  without  being  able 
to  offer  an  explanation:  idogr,  shm-ban^ 
BTog,  ^d-ba,  ysd-ba,  sky^bu^  gan-zdg^  hidr 
baUy  hedr-bddg^  byid-pa-po^  fs^r-bo-po^  iA- 
porpo^  mfdn-^a^Oj  where,  by  the  by,  it  is  to 
be  observed,  that  thirteen  are  here  enu- 
merated, byedr^orpo  being  mentioned  again 
with  the  rest  (a  want  of  accuracy,  which 
is  not  unfrequently  to  be  met  with  in  the 
scientific  works  of  the  Tibetans).  —  5.  byd- 
ba  q.  V. 

byeu  (also  byin  q.v.)  little  bird;  byeu-^ 
zid  by^drpa  v.  2ul;  byeu-la-pug  S.g., 
a  medicinal  herb  Cs. 

S^^  &y^'-6a  V.  JbySr-ba. 

B^  iyes,  Lexx.  and  col.;  foreign  country; 
^  abroad,  bye^  fag-rin-ba  a  far  distant 
country  Cs.;  byis-au  ^d-ba  to  go  abroad, 
to  travel;  byis-su  J^g-pa  to  remove,  to 
emigrate  hex.;  by^-nas  sUb-pa  to  come 
from  abroad  Lex.;  byis-pa  traveller,  for- 
eigner, stranger;  ^lam^rdg  b^^pa  ydd-pa 
yin-te^  W.  proceeding  together  as  fellow- 
travellers. 

JJ^n*  fy^'ba  Cs.  md'ba  byd-ba  to  hear, 
^      hearken,  listen. 

§5rcr  bydn-pa  v.  Jby&nrpa. 

^^q*  bydl'ba  v.  JbydUba. 

j^'^^  byol'Sdn  animal,  esp.  quadruped; 
^  byolsdn-bas  gUn-pa  more  stupid 

than  a  brute  Mil.;  byol-sdn  rgydl-po  the 
lion  MU. 

g*^  brd-ka  v.  fd-^a. 

^^*  bra-Tiyi^  n.  of  a  lunar  mansion,  v. 

^  ^   rgyv^kdr  7. 

q-q.  brd-ba,  1.  sbst.,  n.  of  a  small  rodent, 

^       living  under  ground  (not  mole  Cs.,  but 

rather  suslik,  earless  marmot  Sch.)]  brd-pu- 

se  Ld.  a  similar  animal  Q=  pra4if);  bra- 

mJ^dry  bror-fsdn  Cs.,  burrow  of  it;  bra-brvn 


380 


^ 


irofi 


Lea.,  hra-^Hl  Cs.,  dung  of  it;  hrorl/pdgs  skin 
of  it.  —  2.  vb.  to  have  or  to  be  in  great 
plenty,  to  abound  (?),  rdn-gis  za  ma  bra, 
btun  ma  bra,  gon  ma  bra  she  allowed  her- 
self no  abundance  of  food,  drink,  or  cloth- 
ing; *zan^  tun"^  Sn-,  lab-,  z^r-dha-te^  eat- 
ing, drinking  plentifully,  walking,  speaking, 
talking  a  great  deal  C. ;  *6a-,  dho-,  dhdn- 
dha-t^  being  very  hot,  wann^  cold  C, 
^fl^Sf  bra-bo  (prov.  *6ratt*,  Pur.  *bro*)  buck- 
^  wheat;  bra-pyS  Lex.^  r)en  Sch.  buck- 
wheat flour;  bra-sdg  buck -wheat  straw, 
serving  as  a  poor  sort  of  fodder  during  winter. 
qar  brag  POCk,  brag  rtse-ysdtm-pa  a  three- 
^  '  pointed  rock;  brag -skid  the  middle 
height  of  a  rock,  opp.  to  bra^  -  mjug  and 
rtM  its  foot  and  top  Cs.  —  brag-spds  prob. 
an  aromatic  herb,  used  for  incense  Lt.  — 
brag-akibs  beethng  rock.  —  brag-rgydl  a 
prominent,  high  and  precipitous  rock,  tower- 
ing rock.  —  brag 'ha,  -?a  echo;  also  fig. 
for  something  unsubstantial,  shadowy,  not 
existbg  MU.  —  brag-w^iig  foot  of  a  rock 
Cs.  —  brag-pig  rock-cavern.  —  bra^-pye 
dust  produced  by  hewing  stones  Glr.  — 
*4hag'bMh* = pa-bdn  C.  —  brag-^mdr  name 
of  a  rock  in  or  near  Lhasa,  alledged  not 
to  be  identic  with  dmar-po^^Sch.). — *dag' 
tsilrwa,  dag-Mg-^a*  mite,  tick  W.  —  brag- 
rtsdn  rock-lizard.  —  brag-rtsS  top  of  a  rock. 
—  brag-iun  mineral  pitch,  bitumen,  is  said 
to  cure  fevers  and  even  firactures.  —  brag- 
ri  rocky  hill.  —  brag-Tiid  fall  of  a  rock.  — 
brag-rdn  chasm  in  a  rock,  ravine.  —  bra^- 
Mg  V.  bra^-rtsilrba. 

qj-»  bran  1.  resp.  skurbrdh  chest,  breast,  (cf. 
*^  nu'Tnay,  bran  rdun-ba  to  beat  one's 
breast  Qlr.;  ^fu-gu  ddn-la  Hr-te  Uyir-b^ 
W.  to  carry  a  child  pressed  against  one's 
breast.  —  bran-kyidQ)  Cs.  a  high,  pro- 
minent chest.  —  bran-dkyil  middle  of  the 
breast,  cardiac  region.  —  bran-lkdg  Mil. 
prob.  =  Vcdg-ma.  —  bran-skds  Sch.  the 
dorsal  vertebrae  opposite  to  the  chest.  — 
*dan  -  Atid*  string  of  the  bran  -  Mun  (-gun^ 
-Hon,  -^on),  pellet-bow,  a  bow  furnished  with 
two  strings,  to  shoot  pellets  or  small  stones, 
bran-rdi  or  -rdeu^  with  it  W.  —  ^dhan-Kdg^ 


C.  cardiac -region,  pit  of  the  stomach.— 
bran-sgrd  snake,  serpent  (Uke  Uo-^grS).  — 
bran-biir  the  middle  convex  part  of  the  rii- 
rye  Ma,  —  bran-fsig  Lh.,  prob.  heart-bom- 
ing.  —  bran-(y)iidl  Cs.  dew-lap.  —  Jroi- 
ze  MU.  prob.  breast-bone,  sternum. —  brahr 
Yifim  Sch.  tame,  gentle.  —  brah-rus  Med. 
breast -bone.  —  ^(f an -Ids/*  W.  the  hands 
crossed  on  the  breast.  —  brctnso  Olr.  breast, 
brisket  of  a  butchered  animal.  —  2.  also 
J}ran^  gen.  Jyrdn-sa,  eleg.  mHi-brdn  (q.v.), 
resp.  yzim-brdn^  bhigs-brdn  night-quarbn, 
halting -place,  whether  under  a  roof  or  in 
the  open  air;  also  as  much  as  stage  (of  a 
journey);  brdhsa  ^dSs-pa  Tar.^  prob.  abo 
*bdr-de*  W.,  to  take  up  night-quarters; 
dwelling,  particularly  a  temporary  one,  kNig- 
ings;  but  also  a  permanent  abode,  esp.  in 
W.;  ^ddnsa  tdn-be,  ydr-ce^  to  take  in,  to 
lodge  a  person  over  night  W.  (cf.  ynca  2). 

—  brdn-Kan^  dwelling-house,  dwelling-room 
Pth.  —  bran-grdgs  house-mate,  bed-fellow. 

—  bran-dp&n  master  of  the  house,  land- 
lord. —  po-brdn  v.  po\  bhrbrdh  v.  bla, 

^C'C^'  bran-n^  Lex.  =  h*an-mS. 
3C^  brdn-pa  v.  Jbrdn-pa. 

q^  bran  1.  slave,  servant,  mi-brdn  W  «r- 
^  '  VU8*  S.g.;  bran  byH-pa  to  be  a  serv- 
ant, to  serve  Cs.;  brdn-da  ^ur-ba  to  be- 
come a  servant  Cs, ;  brdn  -  du  Jidl  -  6a  to 
make  another  be  a  servant,  to  use  him  as 
a  servant  B, ;  brdn-du  skul-ba  to  engage  a 
person  as  a  servant,  to  get  him  to  woric 
for  one's  self  Glr.;  brdn-du  Mas-bldns-so 
Pth.  they  promised  to  serve  him;  lus  nag 
yid  ysum  brdn-du  ptd-te  devoting  heart, 
mouth,  and  body  to  his  service  Pth.;  nan 
nvb  lUhgdS'kyis  brdn-du  Uol  morning  and 
night  I  am  a  slave  to  food  and  clothing 
Mil.;  subject,  one  owing  allegiance,  */a- 
ddgs-si  gydl-po-la  ddn-ytd-fso^  a  village 
subject  to,  belonging  to,  the  king  of  Ladak 
W. ;  brdn-po  servant,  slave  Tar. ;  brdn-mo 
maid-servant,  female  slave;  bran-HH^  brcm* 
yy<^  ="  bran;  also  collectively,  servants, 
domestics,  household.  —  2.  texture,  in  the 


3<3r^  bran-pa 


g^-q-  Md^a 


381 


compound  lags-brdn  hy4d-pa  to  weave  3fiZ.; 
nye-brdn  MU.  seems  to  be  some  decoration 
of  tbe  shoes;  sno-bran  Mil.  'something  si- 
milar. —  hirbrdn  Glr.,  and  mfso- bran  ff 
^^  bran-fa  to  pouf  OUt  Tar. 

QSi^  iraw-wo  1.  v.  bran  1.  extr.  —  2. 
^       also  =  ^dan-tsds*  W.  finger,  toe. 
3^^  brdb-pa  v.  Jyrdb-pa. 

ngT^  brdm-ze,  from  W9Pt  1*  Brahmin, 
"^  Hindoo  priest;  brdm-ze-mo  female 

Brahmin;  brdm-ze  rig-byid  jd&n-pai  sgra 
the  voice  of  a  Brahmin  reciting  the  Vedas, 
being  taken  as  a  sign  of  good  lack;  brdm- 
ze-pa  an  adherent  of  Brahma.  —  2.  a  priest 
in  general  S,0,  (Ace.  to  F(mc.  transl.  of 
Oyatch.  13  and  52  also  =  brahmana^  the 
theological  part  of  the  Vedas;  this  is  how- 
ever against  the  tenor  of  the  Tibetan  text, 
which  requires  the  word  to  be  taken  in 
the  former  sense.)    -  .  ±"- .  :»         j;<^fl,  - 

gt^  bral  V.  Jbrdl-ba*  ^^^^     «^'- '         ^'^^'^   -  ^ 

3"  bri  V.  Jyri'ba.      >3^<vw. .  n  ^  . 

^c«jPt«  bridrpa  1.  Sch  ^to  continue,  to  reit- 

^  '       erate,  to  repeat  continually;  brid-la 

yt&n-ba  to  give  again  and  again'.  —  2.  v. 

Jmd-pa, 

ftc'Sff'g'  brid-brid-pa  ScHo  float,  to  move 

^^^  '       confusedly,  before  one's  eyes. 

^^•^  brid-rtsa  LfJ 

^If^)'  brvm(s)  v.  Jmmrpa, 

S«r  bris  v.  Jfri-ba]  bris-sku^  sku-bris  pic- 
tore  of  a  saint,  drawn  or  painted  Cs. 
—  bris-J}ur  the  art  of  painting  and  carv- 
ing images.  —  bris-ma  written  book.  — 
nag-bris  a  drawing  Cs.;  fson-bris  a  coloured 
picture. 

^^  brii-ba  v.  JbHi-ba, 

g*^^'  bru-ba-tsd  Lea.  hunger. 
-.-«  ^,jy  bru-id  or  bru-MWdk,,j>Toh. 
^  '  ^  ^  =  gru-hd  and  gru-^d  Pth.^ 
Jnvn^dl  or  ^bru^dl  Ld.'Glr.  ScM,  19,  b.  21, 
a.  name  of  a  country  to  the  west  of  Tibet, 
bordering  on  Persia. 


OTTq*  briig-pa  to  flow,  to  stream,  to  gush 
^  '  Cs.;  sbst.  current,  flow,  flux  Cs.;  hi 
brug-pa  flowing-water  Lex. 
q*.  bran  dirt,  dung,  excrements,  mi-bri^n^ 
^  '  byor-briin^  sbrah-brun  etc.  feces  of  men, 
birds,  flies  etc.  Med.  and  elsewh. 
qq-Cf^  qq^q*  briib^a.briibs-pav.Jrrvb- 
^        '    ^  pa. 

qq«  brul  small  particles,  fritters,  bits,  crumbs, 
^  bag-brul  C.  crumbs  of  bread;  brul-ba 
MU.y  C.  to  fall,  into  an  abyss  Thg. ;  to  fall 
off,  fall  out,  fall  dovni,  of  leaves,  seeds  etc.; 
brid-buj  brul-lu  =  brul  W.r^       c      , 

^^  brus  V.  Jyrii-ba. 

No 

S'  bre^  *de*^  Sskr.  "^tlTj  1-  ^  measure  for 
^  dry  things  as  well  fluids,  about  4  pints; 
ace.  to  0$.  ^  of  a  J)0]  bri-io  &,  breu  &n 
large  and  small  bre^  Cs.;  ys^-pye  bre  gan 
Glr.  one  (small)  measure  of  gold-dust;  bre- 
do  two  measures;  bre-la  yhon  that  will  just 
fill  a  bre  Zam.;  bres  bhar-ba  to  measure 
with  a  bre  Lex. ;  Iha-Uah  bre-fsad  tsam  iig 
a  miniature  temple,  not  larger  than  a  bre 
Glr. ;  vulgo  abo  that  part  of  the  Chodrrfen^ 
which  has  the  shape  of  a  corn-measure; 
in  a  general  sense,  measure,  bre-srdn  ytdn- 
la  Jbibs-pa  Glr.  to  regulate  measures  and 
weights.  —  2.  *bre*  Ld.  Lh.  *bre^i*  Kun. 
Eremurus  spectabilis,  a  plant  of  about  a 
man's  height,  belonging  to  the  asphodels. 
—  3.  V.  bri-ba. 

'^'^  bri-ko  basin  for  washing  C. 

'^^^  br^-ga  medicinal  herb;  ir^-^,id.(perh. 

^    '   the  same  plant)  Med. 

B'fl*  br^'ba  v.  Jbre-ba;  bla-brdy  kor-bri  Sch. 

^       capital,  chapiter,  upper  part  of  a  co- 

lunm  or  pillar. 

^•^  brd-mo  Sch.  unfit,  useless,  worthless; 

"^       brd-md  ytam  Thgy. 

^2T|2^q'  brigs-pa  v.  Jrrig-pa. 

qC^'q*  brM-ba  v.  J>rin-ba. 

Bi^-q*  brid-pa  to  be  frightened,  afraid,  in 
^1  fear  «=  rtdb'pa\  B.  and  C;  sbriil- 
gyis  dnans-^n  brid-pa  to  be  frightened  by 
a  snake  Win.,  or  brid-Hn  dndns-pa  Pt/i.] 


•T^^->., ■V)ut,iw  .  -',••-'■■    "3.'i^^' 


'I 


^'  A-    r 

882  ""^^^^^f^  ) 


§arq-  hr&ha 


bcUulJcyis  bridrna  if  you  are  afraid  of  the 
devil  Glr.;  bredrjoms  L€x.\  '(/AZ-po*  fear- 
ful, frightful,  terrible  C. 
SoJ'n'  hrd'ha  I.  vb.  (not  the  same  as  Jbr^U 
^  ba)\,  to  be  employed,  busy,  engaged, 
to  have  business  or  work  on  hand,  ned  mKar- 
lae^kyis  brel  nas  Ion  mi  ^dug  being  engaged 
in  building,  we  have  no  time  to  spare  ^iZ.; 
^dod  Kd-nas  brdl^^na  if  one  is  entirely  taken 
up  with  lust  and  pleasure;  ^dhe-rin  nd-la 
^hiJrwa  yo\  san^nyin  hog*  to-day  I  have 
a  great  deal  to  do,  come  to-morrow  C; 
br^lrias  on  account  of  much  business  DzL 

—  2.  synon.  with  p&ns-pa  to  be  poor,  tO 
be  without,  wanting^  destitute  of,  c.  instrum. : 
Uyns-spyod'kyis  bril^ba  Dzl.92^',T\  more 
frq.  with  a  negative:  bi»  kyan  mi  brSl-bar 
by 08-90  they  did  not  let  him  want  anything 
Dzl.  ?y,17,  Sch.;  Jsd-bai  yo-byddrkyi$  mi 
brilnbar  abounding  in  every  necessary  of 
life  Dzl.  7>SS,3  (ace.  to  a  better  reading); 
combined  with  another  word:  pdm-brel-te^ 
brel-pon-m^d-Hn  Dzl.^  mi  brel -bar  not 
sparingly,  scantily,  niggardly,  e.g.  to  bestow 
DzL  frq.  —  II.  sbst.  1.  C  and  B.,  a  being 
engaged  in  a  multiplicity  of  business  v.  I4• 
—  2.  TT.:  business,  affair,  concern,  *nd-la 
dSl  -waHg  yod*  I  have  some  particular 
business,  concern,  suit;  ^dil-wa  H  yod^ 
what  do  you  want,  what  are  you  about, 
what  are  you  doing  there? 

^«r  ^^  1.1  W,  also  brh-kyu  manger;  rta^ 
^       br^  manger  for  horses.  —  2.  v.  bre. 

—  3.  V.  Jyri-ba, 

^  bro  \.  oath,  bro  -fsdl-ba  to  take  an 
^  oath  (?)  Pth.,  bro  Jbdr-ba  id.,  dbu-bsnyun 
dan  bro  bdr  -  ro  Glr.  they  swore  by  their 
heads,  nif.  —  2.  dance,  bro  skrdb-pa  Lea.j 
Urdb-pa  MU.^  brdun-ba  Glr.,  resp.  iabs-brd 
mdzdd-pa  Mil,  to  dance,  leap,  gambol,  as 
amanifestation  of  gladness  and  mirth,  whilst 
gar  byid-pa  is  a  regular  kind  of  dancing, 
with  gentle  and  wavingmotions  of  the  body; 
rna-brd  drums  and  dancing  Glr. ;  brd-m/lan 
Cs.  dancer.  —  3.  Pur.  bro  v.  brd-bo.  — 
4.  V.  brd-ba.  —  5.  bro-ndd  Lex.,  Mil.  and 
elsewh.;  Sch.  'an  epidemic  disease';  bro- 
Jsdl  Sch.  'cold  (in  the  head),  cough, catarrh;' 


r' 


Tar.:  pdgs-pa  lo  man-por  sku-bro  Jbalr4e; 
Mil.:  Hn-tu  bro-fidUbar  gyur-^naz. 
1^  brd-ba,  I.  vb.  1.  to  taste,  to  smell,  vb. 
a.  &n.;  ynyid  kyan  mi  brd-bas,  not 
even  enjoying  (tasting)  sleep  DzL;  Hd-ro 
skyd-ba  bro  one  has  an  astringent  taste  in 
the  mouth  Med. ;  epos  bro-o  it  smells  of  in- 
cense DzL;  dri-ysUn  Umrpa  bro-o  it  has  a 
pleasant  smell  DzL  —  2.  C.  to  desire,  te 
wish,  =  JlM-pOi,  bU-bro-ba  id.;  nu  br6^ 
being  about  to  weep  MiL  —  II.  sbst.  taite, 
savour,  flavour,  col.  bro -blag  (^dob-ldf\ 
Idn-fsa  /ca-zds  kun-gyi  brd-ba  skyed  salt 
imparts  flavour  to  any  kind  of  food  S.g.; 
bro  Itd-ba  or  myoh-ba,  col.  ^dob-lag  nyan- 
de*  W.  to  taste,  to  savour;  to  try  the  taste; 
brd-ba-ban  Cs.y  ^dob-lag-tan*  W.  savoury, 
pleasing  to  the  organs  of  taste,  exciting 
the  appetite;  bro-(ba-)med  tasteless,  in- 
sipid Cs. 

H^'  brd-ma  v.  grd-ma. 

OT|'(55'  brdg-hi  v.  prdg-zu. 

gjr-  w-od,  =  brd-ba,  taste  (him-po)  VW- 
^  1  ben*  a,  *ddd'can*W.y  weU-tasted, 
savoury;  *dho^  ^hn-po*  C.  of  a  strong, 
powerful  taste. 

gjc-q-  brdd-pa  joy,  joyfulness,  brdd-padyed- 
^  '  pa  MiL;  dga-brdd  id.  C;  ^-br6d 
readiness  to  die  MU.  —  Here  may  be  quoted 
also  drod  2  and  3. 

§^j   §iir  brob,  brol  v.  Jbrdb-pa,  Jkrdlrba. 

gj«r  bro8  1.  V.  bro  5;  bros-febs  Sch.  — 
"        2.  V.  Jbros-pa. 


^ 


bla  I.  the  space   over,  above  a  thing, 


chiefly  occurring  in  compounds;  bli-wi 
above  Lex. ;  bla-na-m^drpay  "^fW^TK,  having 
nothing  higher  over  it,  the  upper-most,  the 
very  highest,  e.g.  byah-'f%ib,'ies-rdb  and 
the  like  frq  ;  bla-na-mM-pai  lam,  bloHfMdr 
rdo-^eifig-pa,  -  sndgs-kyi  lam,  the  mystical 
method,  v.  mdo  3;  sd-bla,  above  the  earth, 
above  ground,  opp.  to  ao-s^i^,  sa-^dg  upon 
and  under  the  earth.  Generally  fig. :  superior, 
better,  preferable,  bah-mdzdd  sfoh  yan  blta 
then  even  an  empty  treasury  is  preferable 
DzL;  commonly  with  the  pf.  root  of  a  vb.: 


, 


383 


S[ 


bla 


gs||-q-  bldg-pa 


Ue.jpos  hyah  blao  Dzh  then  I  will  rather 
die;  less  frq.  with  na\  H-na  yan  blai  since 
even  death  is  to  be  preferred  Dzl. ;  frq.  it 
may  be  rendered  by  'may\  rgydl-bar  gyur 
kyan  blao  then  may  rather  .  .  .  gain  the 
victory  (than  that  I  should  .  .  .)  DzL;  also 
pleon.:  h/od  mig^gis  mi  mfon  yan  blai  be 
it  that  yoa  do  not  see  it  (it  is  of  no  con- 
sequence whether  you  see  or  not)  DzL  ^G,  7. 
In  tbe  passage  Tar.  123,8  bla  seems  to 
stand  as  an  adv.  for  ^very',  Schf,  — 

Comp.  bla-gciby  bla-gds  (TF.  vulgo  *fed- 
dar^  tBd'Sar*)  =  yzdn-gos^  upper  garment, 
cloth,  serving  Indians,  and  occasionally  also 
Tibetans  as  a  covering,  =  toga^  Ificreiov; 
blorffdb  prdg^pa  ytig-iu  yzdr-ba  to  throw 
the  toga  over  one  shoulder,  frq. ;  blor-gab^ 
mid' pa ^  1.  without  upper  garment  D2:Z. 
2.  having  no  wish,  no  desire^  free  from 
passion  (?)  —  bla-br^j  also  bla-rej  canopy, 
dais  Dzl,  and  elsewh.  —  bld-ma  is^f^  1 .  the 
higher,  upper,  superior;  bid-mar  byid^a  to 
esteem  highly,  to  honour,  syn.  to  bkur^ti 
byid^aDcman^  Tar.;  the  exact  grammatical 
explanation  of  mii  bld-mai  ^ds-kyi  co-^prid 
DzL  V>C  or  of  the  similar  passage  mii  hs 
bld-mai  rdzur-^prul  Bum,  1, 164,  offers  some 
difficulties^  although  it  is  evident,  thatBt^m. 
has  hit  the  sense  better  than  Sch  Of  later 
date  is  the  signification:  2.  the  superior,  i.e. 
spiritual  teacher,  father  confessor,  »^,  with 
the  genit.  of  the  person  iYA.;  in  a  more 
gen.  sense:  ecclesiastic,  priest,  ^Liima'  Thgr,, 
Pth. ;  in  East.  Tib.  a  title  designing  a  high 
eccles.  degree,  something  like  'D.D.'  v. 
Desg.  247, 371 ;  bla-m^dd  for  bid -ma  dan 
mHod-ynds  ecclesiastic  and  sacrificing  priest, 
whether  it  be  one  and  the  same  person, 
or  two  different  individuals  Pth.^  Mil.;  bla- 
(mor-^^SM^-po)  chief  Lama,  Grand-Liima.*  — 
blorbrdn  resp.  for  dwelling-room  or  house 
of  a  Lama  or  Lamas,  whilst  yzim-Udn,  po~ 
brdn  are  the  resp.  expressions  for  secular 
dignitaries.  —  bla-sldb^  bld-ma  dan  sldb- 
mct^  the  Lama  and  his  disciple  Sch,  —  smdn- 
gyirbla  v.  mum,  — 

IL  Sch,  ^oul,  life';  ace.  to  oral  expla- 
nations: L  strength,  power,  vitality,  e.g.  in 


food,  scents  etc.,  just  like  bbud,  —  2.  Messing, 
power  of  blessings,  like  yyan^  e.g.  ^iivwrni 
mi-la  la  c&mrpo  mi  dug  =  yan  mi  ia^  C, 
no  blessing  attends  a  contemner  of  the  law. 
—  3.  an  object  with  which  a  person's  life 
is  ominously  connected;  thus  very  com- 
monly bla-^n  a  tree  of  fate  (gen.  a  juniper 
or  in  W,  a  wiUow-tree,  ral-lcdn\  planted 
at  a  child's  birth;  rgydUpoi  bla-gyiSi^  the 
king's  turkois  of  life  Glr,;  bla-ddr  a  little 
flag  on  the  house-top,  on  which  benedictions 
are  written;  bla  ynds  the  omen  is  lasting, 
propitious,  nyams  it  is  vanishing,  fore- 
boding danger;  so  prob.  also  Ds:^. :?®,  17, 
where  it  is  not  at  once  equivalent  to  'soul' 
{Sch,).  ~ 

III.  frq.  incorr.  for  sla,  —  IV.  in  some 
combinations  it  has  a  signification  not  yet 
accounted  for,  e.g.  bla  rdol-ba  Sch,  to 
find  fault  with,  to  blame,  abuse,  without  a 
reason;  bla-f8e(?)  Lex. 

a'^TO',   9J9r  bla-gdb^  gos  v.  bla  I. 
rr^s^    51^'  iZa-?<^,  -m^dd  v.  bld-ma 

ff^TIWr  bla-ynydn  Med.f 

^^^  bla-fdbs  Lex. 

—•-—-J,  bla-ddgs  Gram.;  Sch,:  'a primitive 
'^  "^  '       word,  an  abstract  noun'.(?) 

^(Sr  bld-na  v.  bla  I. 

q-gji-  bld-bor  Sch.:  'well!  that  may  be!  so 
^  much  the  better!' 

S'OT^'  blor-brdn  v.  bld-ma  sub  bla  I. 

q-n  1^  giwl^  bla-fsd,  gla-fso  Sch. :  here- 
S}  ^    '  51  ^      ditary  portion,  inheritance. 

S'^jW'  bla-yyu^  S**^'  bla-Un  v.  bla  11. 

S'^'  bla-r^  V.  bla-br^  sub  bla  I. 

jjpr  blag  1.  sub  bde-bldg  q.v.  —  2.  sub 
^'    btso-blag  q.v. 

qarn'  bldg-pa  1.  pf.  blags,  md-ba  bldg- 
^  '  pa^  mdr-ba  ytdd-pa  Lex. :  to  incline 
one's  ear  to,  to  lend  one's  ear,  to  listen  to 
(bldg-pa  not  by  itself  Ho  hear'  Cs.).  — 


384 


^'R'  bUn-ba 


^blo 


2.  rnU-ma  blag -pa  to  shed  tears.  —  3.  in 
blag- pa  mM-pa,  the  free  translation  of 
^l^<l^lf^%  Bum,  1,  309  takes  it  in  the 
signification  given  by  Sch,  to  bde-bldg^  and 
explains  it  by  'bare  of  every  convenience 
or  comfort'. 

SR'^'  bldn-ba  v.  Un-pa. 

qr-q*  blddrpa  to  chew,  secondary  form  to 
^  '       Idddrpa  Lex. 

SSj'CT  bldn-pa  =  gldn-pa  Cs. 
g^'    blar^  frq.  incorr.  for  star. 

xrq-  blu'ba,  pf.  blus^  to  buy  Off,  to  ransom, 
™  to  redeem,  mi  de  blu-ru  ytdn-ba  to 
pay  in  order  to  redeem  a  man,  to  pay  as 
a  ransom  for  him  Glr,;  pug-ron-gyi  srog 
bites  he  redeemed  the  life  of  the  dove  Dzl ; 
^di-dag-gis  rgyal-poi  mgo  blvr-o  therewith 
1  will  redeem  the  king's  head  Dzlr^  to  re- 
cover, to  redeem,  yt^-ba,  a  pawn,  pledge, 
security  C;  blvHiin  the  money  or  price  paid 
for  the  redeeming  of  persons  or  goods, 
ransom. 

OTrCr  blug-pa  v.  Idug-pa. 

tspmrrv  blugs-sku  molten  image;  blugs-pdr 
'^  '  nJ  casting-mould;Wti^«-7na  cast  metal, 
statues,  relievos  (cf.  Jmr-ba);  blugs-yzdr, 
dgdn-blugs  v.  yzar;  )d-blugs  nm-shaped 
vessel  for  pouring  out  tea  etc.;  spyi-ilags 
V.  spyt-Josub  spyi\  mdr-blugs  oil-pitcher. 
qr-q-  blM-pa  1.  vb.  Idtid-pa,  —  2.  sbst. 
^^  to  blu-ba,  release,  ransom,  redemp- 
tion Sch.  —  bliid-bu  v.  rlM-4)U. 
asrn'  blun^a  dull,  stupid;  stupidity,  foolish- 
^  ness;  blun-po  stupid,  foolish;  fool, 
idiot;  blun-po  la-Id  .  .  .  ^dzin  some  fools 
consider  it . . .;  blun-poi  lugs  foolery,  fool's 
opinion,  fool's  wisdom,  expressions frq.  used 
in  scientific  works  to  defeat  antagonistic 
views;  dgi-ba  mi  by^drpai  mi  ni  blun-po 
yin  the  man  without  virtue  is  a  fool;  ^dod- 
y&n-la  cogs  Hn-tu  blun  to  be  given  to  lust 
is  folly  Pth.\  byoUsoh-pyugs-pas  blun  more 
stupid  than  a  beast  Mil;  blun-ytam^  blun- 
tsig  foolish  talk,  foolery;  bliin-dad  super- 
stition Mil.  (cf.  dnoS'dad). 


fi^'  blus  v.  blu-ba;  blus-ma  ransom  CSs. 

^  bio  I.  rarely  bl6-ba  mind  (  Was.  314^tft) 
^  1.  the  intellectual  power  in  man,  Ullde^ 
standing,  mUds-pai  bio  dan  Iddn-paDzL^ 
bio  mo-ba  Glr.  talented,  gifted;  bh  ilhi^ 
(Mn-hu)  of  great  (small)  mental  abilities 
61;  bio  ysdl'te  of  a  clear  understanding, 
sharp-witted  DzL;  kes-pad  bio  sagacity,  in- 
telligence, judgment  DzL;  bh-rgyd  Sdu 
comprehensive  intellectual  power;  bhrnyW' 
iin  being  of  quick  comprehension,  sharp 
Dzl.]  blo-rdb^  'Jbrin,  -dmdn-pa  of  sound, 
moderate,  weak  intellects  or  mental  faculties 
Mng.j  the  last  expression  is  frq.  used  in 
modestly  speaking  of  one's  self  Glr,  and 
elsewh. ;  bld-yimHtn-pa  intellectual  darkness, 
a  darkened  mind  Glr. ;  bio  -  bag  narrow- 
minded,  weak  in  intellect  Sch.;  Hyod  ni  Uo 
n&r-ro  you  are  mistaken;  blos-ltdgs^  to 
be  competent  in  mind  or  judgment'  Sch,; 
bld-na-Jbah'l  understand' Sci.(?)  —  2.  mind, 
thought,  memory,  ^  dah  yi-ge-la  bh  jug- 
pa  to  direct  one's  thoughts  to  reUgion  and 
to  learning  to  read  Glr.;  bid ^ la  sbydr^ba 
to  impresss  on  the  mind,  to  inculcate  Olr.; 
bld^la  biiigs-pa  what  is  retained  by,  treasured 
up  in  the  memory  Tar.\  bU^a  bzdn-ba  to  leam 
by  heart  Glr.y  W.:  *loa  or  Id-^na  zdm-^; 
blo-fag-^dd  v.  sub  fdg-pa  I.  —  3.  fflind, 
sentiment,  disposition  (here  in  part  ='  yid), 
bU-laJLddrpaio  desire;  bio  ^d&n-pa interest, 
concern,  v.  ^dun-pa;  middrpa  byidrpcd  116- 
ban  de  he  that  has  a  mind,  is  disposed,  to 
sacrifice  Dzl.;  ran  bdd-bar  JUklrpai  bio  med- 
par  without  any  regard  to  his  own  welfiire 
Thgy.;  bio  nyS-ba  friendly  sentiment;  also: 
kindly  disposed  Glr.;  sddn-bai  bh  a  hating 
mind,  malevolent  disposition  Lt ;  bh  gr6- 
ba  Sch. :  'to  get  soft,  moved,  touched,  sad', 
ace.  to  a  native  authority:  to  be  agreeably 
affected  by;  bh  mfun-pa  to  be  of  the  same 
mind,  like-minded,  with  supine  also:  to 
agree  Glr.;  perh.  also:  to  be  unanimous, 
peaceable,  on  friendly  terms  Sch.;  UySdrkyi 
bh  dan  mfun-pa  agreeably  to  your  wish 
Mil. ;  blor  ma  hon  Sch.  'the  mind  could  not 
take  it  in'  Tar.  51,7,  Schf. :  4t  did  not  please 


I 


G'lM    jL(^O.U<O^Ay    XV»   .2.p   ••  IL  ^tJ-(f^UuJMjC:[!)  ^YAfd   /t   A.'^Ujhf^^^=^S>A). 


me,  I  could  not  reconcile  myself  to  it';  *blo 
dyiUa*  W.,  *^^Wa*  C,  M-ba  a.(?),  to 
rely,  to  depend  upon,  bio  gil-ba  to  hope 
Sch,  (the  correct  spelling  as  yet  doubtful) ; 
bios  ytdn-ba  to  give  up,  resign  entirely,  to 
risk,  venture,  e.g.  rdn-gi  srog  Glr,^  Mil.^ 
bio  apdn-buy  id,  MU.;  ^fse-^di  Ig^tdh*  monk 
C;  Jh^ay  bios  ma  fdns-par  as  she  was  so 
much  attached  to  us  Mil, ;  rah-blos  ma  tons- 
fa  a  man  attached  to  himself^  in  love  with 
himself;  bio  ytddrpa  Schr.  to  trust,  confide 
(cf.  compounds);  d^-las  bio  zldg-pa  Thgy.^ 
to  subtract,  to  draw  off,  divert,  dissuade 
from ;  bh  brid-pa  to  deceive,  impose  upon, 
cheat  Gb\  {bld-yi  bdag  'conscience'  Sch.^ 
ace.  to  Schr.  not  an  authenticated  expres- 
sion). 

Comp.  bh-Kog-ci  confident,  courageous, 
intrepid,  undaunted.  ~  blo-grds  sense,  in- 
tellect, understanding;  blo-grds-kyi  his -by  a 
whatistobe  discerned  by  the  understanding; 
blo-grds  dan  Iddiv^a,  blonds-ban  sensible, 
judicious  (of  persons),  blb-grds  cSn-po  C  of 
much  sense,  of  an  excellent  understanding, 
iun-mu  C.y  ^dn-paMil,  of  little  understanding ; 
bh-gros-mid  unintelligent,  injudicious;  bh- 
gros-rgyal'po  n.  of  a  medicinal  plant,  = 
smug-cun  Wdiu  —  bid-ban  having  mind, 
sense;  byis-pai  blo-ban  having  the  mind  or 
sense  of  a  child,  thinking  like  a  child  Cs. ; 
having  a  mind,  v.  above  midd-pa  by4d- 
pai  bid  "tan  de.  —  blo-nyis  ill -meaning, 
malicious  G^/r.  —  blo-ytdd,  blo-ydeh  hope, 
confidence,  assurance,  bddg-gi  blo-ydin  su- 
la  ^ia  in  whom  am  I  to  place  my  confi- 
dence. —  blo-yden  ^ds-la  byid-pa  Glr.;  W,: 
^lor-tdd  or  lo-ddn  c6-te,  hyil-he^sf^  c.  la. 

—  blo-rtdg  prob.  =  blo-grds,  bh-rtdg  fa-dddr 
pa  Pth.  people  of  different  mental  abilities. 

—  blo-stdbs  1.  C,  W.  courage.  2.  W.,  ge- 
nerosity, magnanimity,  or  perh.  also  equani- 
Rlity,  self-command,  e.g.  if  a  person  remains 
kind  and  forbearing  towards  disobedient 
servants.  —  bio-  tabs  counsel,  expedient, 
hlo-fdbs  tsdl-baMa.  —  blo-bde  cheerful, 
happy.  —  bh-^ddd  covetous,  greedy.  —  bU- 
sna  1.  bl6-sna  man-ba  Glr.  was  explained 
by  our  Lama:  having  manifold  thoughts, 


^?f  blon^ 


385 


w 


being  restless,  flighty,  giddy.  2.  W.  dis- 
position, turn  of  mind,  *l6'na  rin-mo*  slow- 
ness, irresolution,  also  longsuffering,  *lo-na 
tiin-s^  resoluteness,  determination,  prompt- 
ness, both  also  adj.:  slow,  irresolute,  and: 
resolute,  determined  etc.  —  bh-mid  inju- 
dicious, foolish  Cs.  (JDzl.  ^LLt  18  makes  no 
sense,  there  being  prob.  an  error  in  the 
text.  The  translation  oiSch.  seems  to  be  a 
mere  conjecture).  —  blo-bzdn  'sound  sense', 
col.  *'lob-zan^*y  a  very  common  name  of 
persons.  —  blo-Ud  Sch.  'memory,  intellec- 
tual power'.  —  blo-sims  mind,  soul,  heart, 
blo-sems-bdi  =  bh-bdS  MU.  —  blo-bsdm  in- 
tellect; W. :  *lo-sdm  mid-Man^  foolish,  one 
not  knowing  what  he  is  about. 
II.  frq.  incorr.  for  glo. 
CT  bld-ba  I.  vb.  to  be  able  =p*ddrpa;  Kyod 
mi  Id-na  if  you  cannot;  *di  mi  lo*  tiiat 
you  cannot  (dare  not)  do,  prob.  only  W. 
vulg.  —  n.  sbst.  =  blOy  frq.  used  by  MU. 
for  the  sake  of  the  rhythm. 
2fM'  bld-bur^gU'bw*  sudden,  suddenly; 
^  ^  Kyed  dd-ltar-gyi  ddd-pa  bid-bur  yin 
thy  present  faith  is  new,  but  just  sprung 
up  in  thee  MU. ;  mi-spyod  bld-bur-du  ^ffyw 
the  conduct  of  men  suddenly  changes  Ma. 
'i^^^bUn-mo^ioT  Un-mOy  bones  or  knuckles 
^^  used  as  dice  MU. 
2^  blon  1.  Lex.  =  gros,  bldn  ^dibs-pa  to 
^  I  give  advice,  to  counsel;  Cs.\  to  make 
arrangements.  —  2.  v.  the  following. 
Ki-gp'  bldn-po  officer(prop.  counsellor),  any 
^'  magisterial  officer  of  higher  rank; 
bldn-po  danj)ans  commanding  and  obeying, 
higher  officers  and  subalterns  Glr.;  more 
particularly  minister  (of  state);  blon(-po) 
cen(-p6)  Glr.^  bldn-po  bkd-la  yfdgs-pa  Glr.^ 
more  commonly  bkarbldn{-po\  high  officer 
of  state,  minister,  governor;  Krims-bldn  mi- 
nister of  justice,  officer  of  justice;  rgyal-bldn 
king  and  minister,  also  =  coimcil,  privy- 
council,  Glr. ;  (!ds-blon  1.  (opp.  to  bdud-blon) 
an  orthodox,  faithful  minister  etc.  2.  cos- 
blon  iSin-pg  minister  of  public  worship  Glr.\ 
rye-bldn  the  same  as  rgyal-bldn  Glr.  —  spyi- 
blon  chief  officer  Cs.  —  pyi  nan  bar  ysiim- 
gyi  bldn-po  Glr.y  lit.  outer,  inner,  middle 

25 


386 


? 


bha 


laiiiiater,  a  distinctioii  not  quite  intelligible. 
—  dmdg-ihn  military,  y^lrhlon  civil  officer 
Cs.  —  nan-blon  1.  v.  above  pjfi-nan  etc. 
2.  LL  country-judge. 
«•  hha^  sometimes  written  for  ^,  either  from 
^  ignorance,  or  in  order  to  appear  learned, 
as  is  also  5  for  \  and  so  forth. 

g^  bhd-ga  Ssk.  the  female  genitals,  PA. 

O'XX^  bhd-rci'ta,  bhd-rar-tai  diim-bUy  bhdr- 
^  'to,  bdr-dhtty  Ssk  ^<fl<am  country 
between  Lanka  and  the  Sumeru,  viz.  Hin- 
dustan; also  North-India,  MU,  and  elsewh. 

^^  bha-lad,  Urd.  ^:i^^  Beng.  belati, 

*a  far  distant  country',  =*  pi^in^  for  Europe. 

gC^I'  bhan-ge  FT.,  S%k.  ij^,  bmp, 


g'^'  bhe-da  v.  Jbe-dha. 


sqa-  dfta  1 . 1/Ar.  —  i^-«a  reverenoe,  respect, 
'        obs.  2.  (or  rbd)  =  the  following. 

^       ^     dboHrldbs  wave,  blllOW;  rba-skya 
whitish  waves  JfiZ.;  dba-tsub  surge,  roar, 
turmoil  of  wavps  Ci.;  dba-byi  water-rat? 
rqOTq-  dbdg-pa,  p£  d&ojra  ScA.,  v.  dbog- 

'      '      jpa  and  bag-pa. 
--J-.  dJaw  (*w7an,  vulg.'on*)  1.  might,  power, 

^  potency,  bldn-po  dban  His-pas  because 
the  minister  was  very  potent  Olr,\  dbah 
dge-jiim^la  ytad  Glr.^  not  only :  'he  granted 
great  privileges  to  the  priesthood'  Sch.^  but; 
he  invested  it  with  magisterial  power  and 
jurisdiction;  rarely  used  of  physical  power 
or  strength  S.g. ;  bsdad-dban-med  it  is  not 
in  my  power  to  stay  Thgy.\  biStmrpajd-moi 
yiv^te  dban  ma  m^Hs-sa  as  the  pitcher  be- 
longs to  my  mistress,  I  have  no  power  over 
it,  I  have  not  to  dispose  of  it  Dd.;  sdod- 
dban-^midr^ar  having  no  strength,  not  being 
able  to  wait  (from  eagerness,  avidity  etc.) 
Qlr.;  dban-midy  prob.  sdod  to  be  supplied 
(if  the  text  be  correct),  this  won't  do  so 
any  longer  Olr.;  (ran-^dban-indd-du  or  par 
involuntarily,  not  being  able  to  help  it,  e.g. 
to  weep,  rejoice,  believe,  MU.:  dban-mid- 
du  mH-ma  Jcdr^du  jug-pa  to  make  one 


^qC'  dban 

weep;  dban-mSd-du  JSdUba  to  make  a  per- 
son powerless,  to  force  by  absolute  pow^ 
Glr.'^  dbdn-du  ^gyitr-ba  to  get  into  another's 
power,  to  be  overpowered  Tair.\  Jbkirpai 
to  get  into  the  power  of  the  passions,  to 
be  led  away  by  them  DzL;  dbdn-du  gyt'^r- 
pa  seems  also  sometimes  to  mean:  he  who 
has  brought  every  thing  into  his  power  (?), 
along  with  nyonrmohB-pa-mSdrpa  and  sems- 
mam-par-grdl-ba]  dbdn-du  sdudrpa  to  re- 
duce under  one's  power  Pth.;  snyin-rye  to 
make  the  principle  of  mercy  one's  own,  to 
practise  it  freely  Olr.j  (where  ^ctt^^  stands); 
jfr6A>a  to  comprise  all  beings,  GIt.\  dbdn-- 
du  bj/ddrpa  id.;  dban  byidrpa  c.  la,  1.  to 
rule  over,  to  govern,  frq.  2.  to  possess,  bddg- 
gis  dban  byar  mH-pa  what  one  does  not 
possess  Thgy.  —  ^Hih'SgjffStr-ba  c.  fa,  to 
govern,  to  rule,  fi^.;  dba/n  ^ffrvb-pa  id. 
seldom.  —  dban  skur-ba  v.  skur-ba  and 
dban^  2.  *wan  tdnrbe*  W.  to  make  efforts, 
to  exert  one's  self,  also  =  the  next.  —  dban 
zd-ba  to  offer  violence  DzL  9U)^  3.  —  dJdii- 
^  like  a  postposition,  by,  by  means  of^ 
in  virtue  of,  in  consequence  of,  e.g.  Ids-kyi 
of  former  actions  Olr.]  na-rg^jdl-gyi  dbdnr 
gia  from  or  in  consequence  of  pride  Tear. 
—  2.  more  especially  in  mythology,  dban 
bbu  Dzl  W^y  14,  also  stobs-bbu  Trigl.  8,  6; 
Gyatch.  U,  46,  Bum,  II,  781  seqq.  1.  the 
ten  powers  of  knowledge  of  Buddha,  v. 
Kdpp,Iy^S7  seqq.  2.  in  later  times /^anr^^ 
9U  ^dzin-pai  dbaA  bbu  ten  powers  tending 
to  the  benefit  of  others  are  ascribed  to  the 
Bodhisaftva,  Tbgy.:  tsi-la  dbdn-ba  (respect- 
ing fliis  form  v.  below)  power  over  the 
length  of  one's  own  life;  s^ma-la  dbdnrba 
power  according  to  one's  own  pleasure  to 
enter  into  any  meditation;  yo^bydd-la  to 
shower  down  provisions  for  the  support  of 
creatures;  ld»4a  to  mitigate  the  punishments 
for  their  sins;  sky^ba-la  to  effect  one's  own 
re-birth  in  the  external  world,  without  dan- 
ger of  being  infected  by  its  sin;  rnds-pct- 
la  at  pleasure  to  change  one  object  into 
another;  smon^hm-la  to  see  every  prayer 
for  the  welfare  of  others  fulfilled;  rdzu- 
^pr^l-la  to  exhibit  wonderful  feats  for  bring- 


'^^' 


dban 


^fiJC  N     dbdn-fo 


387 


ing  about  the  conversion  of  others;  ye^h- 
la  to  understand  all  writings  on  religion 
(ni  f .) ;  ^6%-la  to  convey  the  publication  of 
religion  to  all  creatures  at  the  same  time 
and  in  every  language.  3.  in  practical  mysti- 
cism i  various  supernatural  powers  (v.  sku/r- 
bd)y  e.g.  jfyi  nan  ysdn-gi  dban  shur-ba  Pih. 
is  alledged  to  signify :  to  convey  externally, 
i.6.  into  the  mouth,  the  power  of  snan-ba- 
mfa-yds  (this  and  the  two  following  are 
names  of  Buddhas  and  demons),  internally, 
into  the  body,  the  power  of  spyan-ras-yzigs 
and  lastly  mto  the  mind  perfect  purity,  i.e. 
the  rta-*mgTin^  and  together  with  it  power 
over  the  demons.  —  3.  fegard,  tdnsldefd- 
tion(?).  In  later  writings  the  composition 
of  dbdfi^u  byds^na  (mdzdd-na  etc.)  c.  genit 
(instead  of  which  in  C.  also  dbdn-du  h&r- 
nay  sdn-na  are  said  to  be  in  use),  is  frq. 
to  be  met  with,   signifying  as  much  as: 
when ...  is  concerned,  when ...  is  in  question, 
for  the  purpose  of,  or  merely:  respecting, 
as  regards:  ISffs-pai^  )iffs-pai^  btsdn-pai 
when  beauty,  firmness,  formidable  appear- 
ance   (of  a  toyal  castle)    are  concerned, 
are  the  points  in  question  Olr.;  snags-kyi 
dbdn-du  rtsis-pai  hU^ka  prob.  the  Slokas 
being  numbered  with  a  regard  to  the  Man- 
tras, i.e.  including  the  latter  Tar,  127,  16. 
—  4.  symb.  num. :  5  {dban  being  taken  for 
dbdn-fo). 

Comp.  and  dei^.  dban-bsMr  consecra- 
tion, inauguration,  initiation  Was.  (189),  = 
dban-bdcyitr  might,  power,  e.g.  sans-^gyds- 
kyi  Glr,  —  dban-^dl  the  row  of  those  that 
are  to  be  ordained  or  consecrated.  —  dbdn- 
ban  mighty,  powerful  Cs.  —  dban-fdn  1. 
mighfty  s=  mna-fan,  dban-fah-mddrpa  low, 
mean,  of  inferior  rank  Dzl.  2.  time,  ebTO- 
nology  Lexa.  3.  destiny,  fate,  predestined  fate, 
or  rather  the  destiny  of  any  creature  con- 
sequent to  its  former  actions,  ^  dan  dba^v- 
tdn^  frq.*,  dban-fan-m^d-pa  may  therefore 
imply:  having  no  destiny,  i.e.  no  particular 
destiny.  —  dban^^dm-pihbrdn  'Angdopho- 
rung'  of  the  Indian  papers,  n.  of  a  fort  in 
Tibet — dbaA-lddn  mighty,  powerful ;  dban-- 
IddH'-gyipyogs  Doman^  dbdn-pd  fyogs  Sbh.<, 


is  said  to  be  north-east.  —  dbdn-po  v.  the 
next  article. — dban-pyitg  1 .  adj.  mighty^ also 
sbst.:  dban^fyiig  yMn^las  ^^ba  Glr.  2. 
symb.  num.:  11.  3.  noun  proper  a.  Iswara, 
Siva  Glr.,  hence  also  the  Lingam  as  his 
emblem  CrZr.  b.  AvalokitesvaraGZr.  — dbdn- 
ba  1.  vb.  c.  fa  ==  dban  bydd-pa^  e.g.  rgyal- 
srid'la  nd  dban  he  does  not  succeed  to  the 
throne;  gen.  with  accus.  ybtg  ^di  dbdh-ba 
yvn  one . . .  belongs  to  this  one  MUi;  bdag 
dbdn-Jyai  rgyalrprdn  the  vassals  under  my 
sway  DzL  2.  sbst  =  dban,  e.g.  fsS-la  dbdn- 
ba  (v.  above).  —  dban-ris  prob.  domain, 
dominion.  —  dban^jfoyidg^-fa)  a  medicine, 
said  to  be  prepared  from  a  viscid,  aromatic 
root,  shaped  like  a  hand.  —  dban-^^  per- 
ception, by  means  of  the  organs  of  sense 
Was.  (278). 

rqr*^  dhdn-fo  1.  possessed  of  power,  de- 
'  minion,  n&r^yi  dbdn-por  gywr  Dzl. 

(Ms.y^  lord,  ruler,  severeign,  esp.  divine 
rulers:  Indra,  also  thai  dbdn  -po;  further 
rgydl'bai  dbdn-pOy  fub-pai  dbdn^po  the 
highest  of  the  Buddhas  Glr.  —  2.  organ  of 
sertse,  dbdn-po  Ina^-po)  a.  the  five  organs 
of  sense,  eyes  etc.,  also  dbdn-poi  sgo  Ina 
Med.  b.  Trigl.  17, 6,  five  immaterial,  trans- 
cendent senses  of  Buddha,  which  are  in 
unison  with  hie  five  powers,  stobs  Ina^  as 
stated  by  Bwm.  II,  430,  v.  Kopp.  I,  436.  In 
natural  philosophy  six  organs  of  sense  frq. 
are  mentioned,  ?fin  being  added  as  the 
sixth;  medical  writings  also  treat  oidbdnr 
po  dgu  or  dbdn-poi  sgo  dgu,  v.  W^a.  — 
3.  sense,  intellectual  power,  dbdn-po  mdn^ 
of  acute  intellect,  dbdn-po  rd&lrpo  of  obtuse 
intellect^  also  as  common  expressions  for 
sagacious  or  dull  Dzl. ;  dbdn-po  nyams  the 
senses  are  weakened,  become  dull  Med.; 
lus  sefns  dbdh-^o  body,  soul,  and  senses  (are 
glad,  are  pure  etc.)  Dom.;  dbdn-po  ysd^a 
to  gladden,  strengthen,  revive,  the  senses 
MU.;  rdh-gi  s^ms-las  dbdn-poi  mam-sh 
Jbyun  out  of  the  spirit  (of  the  personality 
which  during  the  time  between  two  periods 
•of  existence  is  in  a  disembodied  state)  the 
sense-endowed  soul  (of  the  new  individual) 
is  generated  (in  the  process  of  conception) 


4    fjM^^^  I 


^^J'       388  ^  ^ 

^^^$f  dbdr-mt 


8.g.  —  4.  genitals,  TTdn.  and  elsewh.;  dbdn- 
po  Idff-pa  V,  dban4dg  sub  dftaw. 
x:q^'^  dbdr-mt  Sch.  a  faint-hearted,  timo- 

'  reus  man. 

KQOr  ^^  ^^'  "^  ^  ^^^  rts^mo  top,  Sum- 

'         mit,  point  e.g.  of  a  rniod-rten  Glr.; 
the  point,  or  ace.  to  some  the  grooves  of 
the  p'ur-pa  or  exorcising  dagger;  rtai  dbal 
bzan-nan  Lex  J  —  dbdirba  v.  Jbal-ba, 
rq-  dJuresp.  for  mgo^  head,  frq.;  beginning, 

"^  commencement,  e.g.  of  holy  doctrine 
0Zr.;  *'u  Idn-te*  TT.,  the  mode  of  greeting 
between  Lamas,  by  touching  each  other 
with  their  fore-heads;  to  bless  (a  layman 
by  imposition  of  hands);  dbu  mdzddrpa  to 
be  the  head,  the  principal  person,  e.g.  in 
an  assembly  of  believers  MU.;  more  defi- 
nitely: dbu  mdzddrdo  he  was  my  instructor 
Mil  —  dbu'skrd  the  hair  of  the  head.  — 
dhurvgydn  ornament  of  the  head,  diadem 
MU,  —  dbu^rnds  Sch.  pillow.  —  dbu^ban 
furnished  with  a  head,  i.e.  with  a  thick 
stroke  at  the  top  (of  a  letter),  hence  the 
name  of  the  Tibetan  printing  characters.  — 
(Bninifen  1.  higher  officer.  2,dbu''hm  subaltern 
officer  Cs.  —  dbu-r)e  Reverence,  Reverend, 
title  of  Lamas.  —  dbu-9nyuh  bids-pa  Sch.^ 
dbu-snyun  dan  bro  Jbdr-ba  Glr.  resp.  to 
swear  by  one*s  head.  —  dhu-fdd  royal  cap, 
crown.  —  dburmf&n  dHin-^u  resp.  the  same 
as  iabs  drun-du  in  directing  letters:  To  . . . 

—  dbu-^pdn  elevab'on,  high  rank,  dignity, 
stdd-pa  to  praise,  smdd-pa  to  despise,  to 
revile  (dignities).  —  dbu-ma  1.  n.  of  the 
goddess  Durga,  tiie  wife  of  Siva.  2.  principal 
vein,  V.  rtsd-ba.  3.  the  middle  (-doctrine), 
middle -road,  ^riirR,  which  endeavours  to 
avoid  the  two  extremes  Was.j  also  dbu-mai 
lam  or  Ud-ba;  dbu-morpa  an  adherent  of 
this  doctrine  Sch.,  cf.  however  mdo  extr. 

—  dbu-^ied  the  Tibetan  current  hand-writing, 
cf.  dbu-ban.  —  dbu-rmdg  Zam.  w.e. ;  in  W. 
*gydl-po  u-mdg  bo  iig*  is  said  to  signify: 
Long  live  the  king!  —  dbu^rtsd  the  top, 
pinnacle,  of  a  temple,  monastery  Glr.  — 
dbu-mdzdd  (cf.  dbu  mdzdd-pa  above)  chair- 
man, principal,  warden,  in  convents  an  offi- 
cial that  takes  the  lead  in  performing  the 


«^^  dbm 

prayers.  —  dbu-hwd  cap.  —  dbur^dg  title- 
page  Sch. 

^^  dbu'ba  V.  Ibu^a. 

^m^  ^^^  1*  breath,  respiration,  dbugn 
^  '  rrM^a  dan  J>yin^a  or  Jbg&n-ia 
to  respire,  to  inhale  and  exhale  air  Med,^ 
W.  ^tonrb^  for  Jyuh-ba;  dbugs  Jbyinr^a  to 
stop  for  rest,  to  recover  one's  breath  Sch. 
(and  perk  Pth.);  dbugs-dbyuh  fob-pa  to  be 
eased  in  one's  mind,  after  despondency  Tar.; 
*'ug  gyah  bdr-te^  W.  to  stop,  to  keep  back 
one's  breath ;  *'ug  sub  or  kor  tan-^  W.  to 
choke,  suffocate,  strangle,  throttle;  skyi-^o 
famsrbdd-kyi  dbugs  Un-pa  to  take  away  the 
breath  of  beings  (which  is  ascribed  to  the 
demon  p^-cJiar)  Glr.;pyi^dbugs  seems  to  be 
the  last  breath  of  a  dying  man,  but  ndn^ 
dbugs  is  some  fantastic  physiological  notion 
Thgr. ;  dbugs  mdi-ba  and  mi-bd^-ba  an  easy 
and  a  hard  breathing  Med.  frq. ;  dbugs-fun 
short  breath;  dbugs  rdzdn-ba  or  brdzdns^a 
shortness  of  breath,  asthma,  as  a  complaint 
of  old  age  Thgy.;  dbugs  Iheb-IAS  byddrpa 
to  pant,  to  be  pursy  Med.  —  dbugs-rgdd 
Lt.  f  —  dbugs-ndn  Sch.  flatulence.  —  dbtigs 
febs-rM  Sch.  ^in  one  breath'  ?  —  2.  a  breatti, 
one  respiration,  as  smallest  measure  of  time 
=  i-bVu  %^  ^  ^  seconds. 
^^'  dbun  Lex.  =  dbus. 

'W^'^'  dbub-pa  V.  Jfubs-pa. 

^^'  dbur  termin.  of  dbu,  Sch.  first,  at  firsi 

rax^qr  dbur-ba,  also  Jir^ba,  '^-ba  to 
•^  ^  smooth,  hdg-bu  paper,  ras  woollen 
stufl^;'^dZ  a  pavement  Cs.;  *\r  gydg-pd^  C, 
*gydb-t^  W.  to  iron,  to  smooth  linen  etc., 
*^ur^a^*  smoothing-iron. 
rqQtw  dhUl^a  I.  vb.  v.  jbulrba,  —  11.  adj. 
^  poor,  indigent  Dzl;  sbst.  poverty, 
want,  penury,  db^lba  selba  to  relieve  want 
Glrr^  dbid-Hn  ^^dns-pai  rigs  a  poor  and 
indigent  generation  Dzl.;  hence  frq.  dbulr 
'pons  poor,  a  poor  man,  pauper  Mil.\  poverty 
Glr.\  usually  dbul-po,  fem.  dbid-^mo,  poor. 
fffl^  dbus  (Ld  *'us\  C.  ♦'«•)  1.  middle, 
'^      midst,  centre,  fdg-pai  dbus  tsdmr^u 


^^^Cr  dbSn^a 


^"^IC'  dbyv-mon 


389 


jhftn^nas  having  proceeded  about  to  the 
middle  of  the  rope  Dzl;  skyi-boi  dbus-su 
in  the  midst  of  the  people  Tar, ;  fan  ynyis- 
hfi  dbus-ri  the  hill  (mountain)  in  the  middle 
between  the  two  plains  Glr.;  dbvs-kyi  ri- 
rgyal  Sumeru  standing  in  the  centre  (of  the 
world)  MU,;  seldom  relative  to  time:  bhug$- 
pai  dbiks-^tu  whilst  he  was  sitting  Olr.;  in 
metaphysics:  dbm  dan  mfa  'the  medium 
and  the  extremes' CSs.  Asiat.  Researches XX, 
577  —  dbus-ma  the  middle  one  (of  three 
or  more  persons)  3/ii.,  (of  inanimate  things) 
Ghr,  —  2.  in  a  specific  sense:  the  central 
province  of  a  country,  a.  of  India,  hence  » 
Magadha,  the  holy  land,  land  of  Buddha 
Thgy.  b.  of  Til>et,  the  province  U;  d&ws- 
pa  an  inhabitant  of  it;  dtms-ytsdn  V  and 
Tmn. 
-^i-.«  db4n-pa  solitary^  lonely,  e.g.  a  road 

'^  Dzl\  solitude,  loneliness,  db&n-pa 
Ji^na  in  this  solitude  Dzl. ;  dbhirpar  ^rd- 
ba  or  ynds-pa  frq.;  dben^  id.:  dbhi-la  dga 
Ma, ;  dben-(pat)  ynaSy  sa  solitary  place,  esp. 
hermitage;  dbhi-ynas  lS4n^  brgydd^kyi  sa 
earth  from  the  eightgreat  hermitages,  sacred 
places  of  pilgrimage  in  India  Glr.;  like 
bstonS'pa  the  word  is  construed  ^ith  the 
instrum.  case:  mas  db^nrpa^  solitary  as  to 
a  mother,  i.e.  motherless;  snyin-pos  dben- 
pa  =  snyin^o  midrpa  Tar.^iuiuM^  «  vio^ieo. 
rgf  dbo  1.  n.  of  a  lunar  mansion,  v.  rgyvr- 

^      skdr^  no.  9?-^  2.  the  belly-side  of  fur. 

^^  dbd-ba  v.  Jbd-ba. 

'^  1.  B,  resp.  for  fsd-bo  grandson; 
nephew;  dbon-srds  id.  Glr,;  dbdn-^mo  fem.; 
mes'dbdn  ancestor  and  grandchild  Glr,; 
dbonnidn  Glr,  95  seems  to  denote  son-in- 
law  and  brother-in-law,  with  which  also 
Sch's  Mongol  transl.  agrees,  Geschichte  d. 
Ost-Mong.  p.  359  med.  —  2.  Liiroa-servant 
C.  -—  3.  a  certain  sect  of  Lamas,  clad  in 
red,  shorn,  and  married,  =  ^sw-h/mrpd!* ^ 
C.y  W.  —  4.  a  Lama  skilled  in  astrology, 
who  for  instance,  when  a  person  has  died, 
performs  those  ceremonies,  that  serve  to 
avert  harm  from  the  survivors  W. 


cSjarn*  db6l-ba  Cs.  —  rtdUba^  Lew.  rddn 

^  dbdUa, 

rq[;^  dbyam,  *yan{sy  1.  singing,  song, 

^  tune,  melody,  glu-dbydm  id.;  luh- 
bstdn-gyi  dbyans  prophetic  song,  psalm 
MU,;  dbyans (^su)  Un-pa^  dbyans  bySd-pa 
to  sing  Dzh;  sfdd(-pai)  dbyam  song  of 
praise,  hymn  of  thanksgiving,  *)M'pa*  C, 
*pul'b^  W.;  yduh'dbydns  a  song  of  aspi- 
ration Mil,  —  dbydm-can  Glr.  a  deity,  prob. 
=  jamrdbydns-barir-ma  Saraswati,  goddess 
of  euphony.  —  dhyahs^snydn  sweet  singing. 
—  dbydns-pa  singer  Cs,  —  ^yan-iu*  bow 
for  a  violin,  fiddle -stick  W,  —  2.  vowel, 
hence  dbyans-yig  1.  the  (four)  signs  of  the 
vowels,  Oram,  2.  Cs, :  notes  (of  music)  or 
any  contrivance  for  marking  the  modula- 
tion of  sounds;  so  perh.  also  Glr, 
rqx^  dbyar  summer,  in  India :  rainy  season 

^  (cf.  dus);  also  dbydr-ka^  dbydr-^lia 
Mil,y  W,y  dbydr-duSj  Cs,dbydr'mc;  dbyar- 
dgun  '  m^d  '  par  summer  and  winter  Afif.; 
dbyar  B.^dbydr-ka-la  col.  in  summer  ;d6yar- 
ynds  1.  summer-abode,  Sch,  2.  the  solitary 
summer-fasting  of  the  monks;  dbyar-sky^s 
'summer-born';  dbyar -rnd  summer-drum, 
po.  expression  for  thunder  Cs,  —  dbyar- 
Mr  summer-rain  Cs.  —  dbyar -hwa  sum- 
mer-hat 
cqx-£r  dbydr-pa  (Pur,  ^sbydr-pa*^  elsewh. 

^         ^ydr-pa*)  poplar,  various  kinds  of 
which  tree  are  found  in  the  vicinity  of  vil- 
lages, cultivated  or  growing  wild.  (Wdn, 
also  sbydr^a,) 
F^  dbyi  (^yi,  com.  'i*)  1.  lynx,  dbyi-mo  the 

^  female  of  this  animtd,  dbyi-prug  a 
young  one;  dbyi-fsdn  lair  of  it.  —  2.  in  D: 
beer,  =  ?aw. 

rft-qr  dbyi-gu  -  dbyig-gu  little  stick,  c£ 
^J    dbyig-pa, 
r^CT  dbyi-ba,  prob.  only  fut.  to  ^pyi-ba^ 

'^  to  wipe  off,  to  blot  out,  to  efface, 
Lex. :  ri-mOy  a  drawing.  Sch,  however  no- 
tices also  a  perf.  dbyis. 

^'^  dbyl-mo  flax(?). 

-^jj^.  dbyi' man  medicinal  herb,  used 
^  against  delirium  Med,\  Cs, :  'a  plant 


Y.:  s> 


^^"rnKS-^CT^. 


D  5)^i3,/j,  <:  /^  ^  \j 


^ 


i(^ 


CKr^A^--^ 


'!^^'  dbyig(s) 


of  an  acrid  taste,  used  as  tea';  in  Lh.  Po- 
tentilla  Salesovii,  of  which  neither  the  one 
nor  the  other  fact  is  known  to  me. 
rSrnc^-  %j^(8)  1.  =  tmw  wealth,  riches, 
^  '^  ^  treasures,  nor-dbyig  id.  Dd,; 
dbyig-can  rich,  dhyig-med  poor  Cs.;  dbyig- 
mdh  Lex.  —  2.  prob.  =  dhyig-ynyin^  pre- 
cious stone  or  a  kind  of  such  G^/r.andelsewh. 


'i^*  dbyig-fa  stick,  =  dhyiig-pa, 

for  clean- 


-^— .q,  c%t9f-j?w/S<:A.: 'implement! 
•^   'no  ing,  scoanng,  polishing'. 

^C'iSj"  dbyin-ia  Sch.:  SUmmor-hat  (?). 

-]^-j-  dhyim  1.  syn.  with  iZon,  com.  ndmr 
^  7nJ?ai  dbyms  or  dbyiits  alone:  the 
heavens,  celestial  region,  rgydb-la  brag  dmar 
ndm-mlcai  dhyim  red  rocks  behind  and  the 
expanse  of  heaven  Mil.\  Uyeu  dbyin-su  yal 
the  youth  disappearing  was  carried  up  to 
heaven  Pth.;  dbyins-na  bhitgs-pai  dd-ki-ma 
Mil  —  2.  height /ScAr.;  the  above  passage 
was  also  rendered:  red  rocks  behind,  as 
high  as  heaven.  —  3.  in  metaphysics  an 
undefined  idea  of  extent,  region,  space,  \arni, 
(cf  klon),  ids-kyi  dbyinSy  ^i^him?  ^^^  ^^^^ 
wide  diflfusion  of  religion'  Sch.,  but  a  mere 
fanciful  notion,  or  as  it  is  expressed  Wu. 
143:  le  monde  intellectuel  de  Bouddha;  of 
highly  learned  Lamas  the  words  are  used: 
fugs-dgdns  ^os-dbyim-su  fim  C.\  and  also 
dbyins  alone:  bU^  byidrfa  dbyim-su  sbos 
Glr,  hide  your  mental  activity  in  the  hea- 
vens, i.e.  let  it  be  reduced  to  nothing;  so 
prob.  also  Tor.  38,  10^  pun -po  Ihag-mo 
mid-pai  dbyins-su,  where  nothing  of  the 
skandha  is  left  remaining.  Sch.:  dbyimsu 
in  a  body,  in  one  mass,  whole,  entire  (?). 
cSr  dbyin  or  jryin  byid-pa  Sch.,  to  incite, 
'^   instigate,  set  on. 

cSq^'  dhyibs   shape,  figure,  form,  byd- 
^  dbyihs'han  having  the  shape  of  a 

bird  Lt;  Un-rtai  dbyibs  dan  ^dra  shaped 
like  a  waggon  or  carriage  Glr.;  sky^s-pai 
dbyibs 'la  nds-bzun-ba  to  learn  the  nature 
(of  plants)  from  the  shape  in  which  they 
grow;  *a^m§  yib  duj^  he  quite  resembles 
his  mother  in  shape  W.;  dbyibs  Ugs-pa  B. 


^^^'^  dbyer-mid 


a  fine  figure,  *s6g-po*  an  ugly  figore  W*, 
or  also :  of  a  handsome  (or  ugly)  form ;  dbyibs 
zKim-por  yod  it  has  a  round  shape  Qhr. 
ffqcrrqr  ^a^  dbyug-gu^dbyu-^l.iwlk 
'^  '  nJ  '  ^  nJ  staff,  wand,  rod,  e.g.  osed 
as  a  magic  wand,  sun-dial  etc.  Cs.  —  2. 
L^x.:  =  hi'tsod  q.v.;  Sch.:  dbyitg-gu  re- 
ba^  '64  equal  parts  of  weight  or  measure; 
64  quarters  of  an  hour,  or  16  hours';  but 
64  cu-fsod  would  make  as  much  as  25| 
hours, 
--—••vt  dbyitg-rdo  W.  sling-stone;  B.;f(fo- 

^  '  swing,  brandish,  flourish,  a  stick,  a 
sword;  to  wag,  rnd-ma  the  tail  Ci  ;  'yny 
yug  ^h^-^pa*  TF.,  to  swing  to  and  fro,  to 
dangle;  *yug  toif  W.,  swing!  dangle!  ~ 
2.  to  throw,  cast,  fling,  ^gydl-kar-ne  (fo*  C, 
to  fling  a  stone  through  a  window;  to  throw 
away,  to  throw  down,  ^yug-k  io^  C.  (= 
*pdn*te  bof*  W.),  throw  it  away!  —  IL 
sbst ,  sticky  C. ;  ^yug-pa  gydb-pa*  C.  to  strike, 
to  beat  with  a  stick,  dbyug-to  Olr.^  dbyuf- 
to,  id.  {Sch.  club?)  Lex.  I  =  b^koj  ^r^; 
dbyug-Uh-ban  vnelding  a  stick;  n.p. 
j|.— J-™  dbyuh'ba,  f ut.,  and  in  C.  secondary 
^  form  to  the  pres.  Jbyin^a. 
cB'fl'  dby^a^  (regular  pronunciation  *y^ 

'^  t£?a,  com.  V-M?a*).  I.  vb.  fut.,  and  in 
C.  secondary  form  of  Jbyid-pa.  —  IL  sbst 
1.  parting,  partition,  division,  distindion,  dat- 
sification  Thgy.  —  2.  section,  part,  eta, 
species,  dbyi-ba  nyi-hu  ysuns  twenty  diffe- 
rent species  are  named  Lt;  yi-ge  Jd  dbj/i- 
ba  ynyis  these  letters  are  divided  into  two 
classes;  hence  Uke  sna^f^og^i  sgyu^rtsU 
dby^-ba  manifold  arts,  artifices  /SmftA.  — 
dby^-brdl  Lex.:  discord,  dissenoion. 
r Sarq*  dby^-pa  (*ySn^a,  com.  '^-pa*, « 

"^  '  dbSip-pa),  difference,  dissension,  db- 
cord,  schism,  dge-^dun-gyi  dby^n^pa  bySd-fa 
to  create  discord,  to  cause  a  schism  smcmf 
the  priesthood  Dd.;  dbyen  J>yH  pa  to  make 
a  difference,  to  discriminate  Sch. 

rrUdy  dbye^ru-midrpa^  dbyer-^nd-pySd'^  Wr 


^^  dbyes 


391 


^^^  J>ddrpa 


separable,  not  to  be  distinguished,  quite  the 
same,  identical  Ghr.  and  elsewh.;  bid-mar 
dby^-med  prob. :  identical  with  a  Lama; 
esp.  in  the  higher  philosophy  in  reference 
to  the  impossibility  of  distinguishing  be- 
tween good  and  evil(!). 

rd^  (%^  Sckr.:  magnitude^  size,  dimen- 
"^  sions,  so  perh.  where  dprdl-bai  dbyes 
h  is  mentioned  as  a  characteristiG  of  beauty. 
rmr  dbrag^  v.  ^ag^  intermediate  space, 
^^  '  interstice;  ravine,  glen,  defile,  C.;Sch. 
also:  vise,  handvise. 

^^'^  dbrdd-pa  v.  Jbrddrpa. 
^q'CJ'  dbrdb-pa  v.  Jyrdb^a. 
^gpr^'  dbrdlrba  v.  Jbrdl-ba, 

^Q['  dbri'ba  v.  Jbrirba. 

jF^q^-  dbre  -  btsdn  (?)  Sch. ;  Lea.  dbre- 
>^  bteog  dirt,  filth. 

^^CJ'  dbrdg-pa  v.  ^prdg-pa. 

oqq-  J}a  Sch.:  'seizure,  distraint';  or  rather 
the  liability  of  paying  higher  interest, 
payment  not  having  been  made  at  the  ap- 
pointed time ;  J>a-gan,  Jba-^an-yig  warrant 
for  thus  proceeding  against  a  debtor  C. 
Oqn-X'  Jfa-'SaWdn.^  Sch.:  lees  from  dis- 
tilling brandy, 
oqa*^  o^^-po  magician,  sorcerer,  conjurer; 
Jyd-mo  sorceress,  witch  6s.,  W.  ^ 

pM'jT  o^^"^^  !•  *^  Weat,  W.  *ba  tarv-l^. 

—  2.  to  bring,  to  carry,  Jba-hog 
bring  it  hither!  Sik,^  Jborsoh  take  it  there! 
~  3.  to  commit  adultery  C. 
Qf^C^  o*«-^>  ^-  '^pug-pa,  hole,  cave, 

cavern,  brdg-gi  cleft  in  a  rock, 
grotto;  Jbd-bo-ban  holloW,  excavated. 
gnn«^  Jbd-byi  a  kind  of  cake,  baked  of 
^  parched  rice  or  maize  meal,  fre- 
quently eaten  with  the  tea  C. 
oqq-^^  Jbd-hig  B.  only,  solely,  alone,  bdag 


CN 


Jbdg-pa  I.  vb.  pf.  Jbags^  fut.  dbagi 
sbdg-pa,  to  defile,  to  pollute 


Jbd'Hg  fdr-ro  I  alone  escaped 
Dd.;  rkdn-pa  Jbd-iig  the  foot  alone  (ap- 
peared party-coloured)  DzL :  bldn-po  de  Jbd- 
^-gi  (fun-ma  only  this  officer's  wife  DzL; 


mere,  nothing  but,  yser  dan  dntU  J>a-iig-gis 
gan  Sbh. 

qqm-  o^^  1-  ^^K  9«i«c,  disguise;  c£  also  ^^*«i/^ 
'  sub  8^0- Zo.  —  2.  imitation,  effigy,  lil(e- ^^  Od.- 
ness,  figure,  ^dra-J^dg  resp.  iku-Jmg^  ^^^^i^  ('^'^^^ 
Jbdg  id. ;  Jtra^Jbag-gyon-rrd  masked  persons       ^ 
Pth.  —  Jbag-Jcam^  prop,  masquerade,  masked 
ball;  Cs.:  buflfoonery,  grimaces 

one's  self,  bud-m^d  dan  with  women  DzL; 
^dod-^dgs'la  through  lust  DzL;  to  defile,  tO 
soil,  to  dirty,  sndd^la  a  vessel  DzL  :?:?©,  7? — 
'2.  C.  to  talce  away,  to  steal,  to  rob;  to  covet, 
to  wish  to  tal(e,  c.  la  MU.  (ace.  to  oral  in- 
formation). 
aqrTTQjgfei-  J^^^'^^g  a  sHght  elevation,  hil- 

'        '  loclcTF. 
Q^qOTOT  0%-^^S^  spWer,  Jyog^dg-gi  t%an 

'       '   cob-web  Sik. 

QncfWT'amr  0^5^^"^^^  '^^  remainder,  rem- 
^  "^  ^  '  nant  (of  food)  MIL 
0^^^  M^'^^  to  be  soal(ed,  macerated, 
softened  by  soaking  Cs.^ctsbdn'ba. 
aazj^  o^aws  subject,  rgydl-po  Jfdns-su  ^on 
the  king  turns  into  a  subject  Ma.; 
Jbam  byM'pa  to  obey,  bkai  J>aT)s  bgyidn 
par  (or  bka-Jbans-sti)  Has-blans-so  they  pro- 
mised to  obey,  to  perform  the  command- 
ment MU.  frq. ;  bdm-su  byid-pa  Ca.  to  re- 
duce under  one's  dominion ;  gen.  collective- 
ly: the  people,  the  subjects,  opp.  to  bUn- 
po  officers,  magistrates,  or  r^e,  rgydh-po  etc. 
—  Ihor-bdns  Tar.  165,  22  Sch/.:  slaves  be- 
longing to  a  temple. 

QflC'a*  o^dd'pa  I.  vb.,  imp.  J>od^  to  en- 
^  deavour,  to  exert  one's  self,  apply 
one's  self,  c.  la  or  the  termin. ;  dus-rgyim' 
du  (^dS'la  Jbdd^pa  de  this  (habit  of)  con- 
stantly applying  one's  self  to  religion  Mil. ; 
also  cacc.:  dkd-ba  brgya-prdg  to  perform 
a  hundred  exercises  of  penance ;  col.  to  cul- 
thrate,  raise,  rear,  talce  care  of,  Hn  or  m- 
yzi  to  cultivate  the  ground,  rgun-Jbrimi  to 
grow  vines,  dud-^o  to  breed  cattle;  aUb- 
par  to  apply  one's  self  to  learning,  gUn- 
mo  Kd-^ar  to  devote  one's  self  exclusively 
to  public  speaking,  preaching  C.  —  II.  sbst, 


•V.V 


"-1 


'V 


N   v'^ 


a^.. 


392 


P^qq-  M 


^(^^  Mijiy^ 


application,  study,  exertion,  Jbdd-pa  drdg-pos 
with  most  persevering  application;  ^bddr 
pa  dan  rtsdl-ba  med-par  without  any  exer- 
tion Glr.;  hence  Jbad-rUdl  id.;  sky^-bus 
sHtb'pai  Jbad-ri&dl  an  assiduous  rubbing 
with  a  human  hand  Wdnr^  del  ^bad-rtsdl" 
gyis  through  his  endeavours  T/igy.;  prob. 
also:  volition,  energy  of  will  S.g.-,  the  pas- 
sage in  Thgy,:  by  ah- cub  bi  fdb-la  J)ad  J^ml- 
lOy  is  perh.  not  quite  correct, 
aqq*  Jb^b  l .  a  foil  of  snow  Mil  —  2.  tax, 

duty  &p. 
Qjqq'iq'  o*«*-p«?  pfc  bab{s),  imp.  Jbob  Gj., 
~  bobs  Glr,  J  to  move  downward  1.  to 
descend,  Id^nas  coL,  a  defile,  in  B.  gen. 
with  laSy  e.g.  rtd-las  DzL,  also  rtd-Ka-nas 
Olr,  to  alight  from  a  horse,  mostly  with 
fo,  although  ri-la  Jmb-^a  may  also  mean : 
to  alight  (flying)  on  a  mountain  DzL  :?V5, 3. 
—  2.  to  fall  down,  yndm-la  k'd-ba  Jbah  snow 
falls  from  heaven  DzL  —  to  flow,  the  usual 
word;  to  flow  off;  mi-ytsdn  Jbdb-pai ytdr- 
Hun  sink-hole,  fordirty  water  to  run  through 
Lea,  —  4.  to  aKght  on,  to  enter  Into,  of 
demons  Lt  —  5.  in  a  general  sense,  like 
to  get:  nya  skdm-la  Jbob- pa  a  fish  that 
has  got  on  dry  ground ;  hd-la  ri-mos  Jbob 
Pth.j  or  res  Jbab  Tar.  it  is  my  turn ;  srog- 
la  Jbdb-bo  DzL  life  is  at  stake;  frq.  in  re- 
ference to  time:  ci-bai  dus-la  bdb-bo  it  has 
come  to  the  time  of  dying,  the  hour  of 
death  has  arrived;  without  a  genit. :  it  is 
time ;  skdbs-la  bdb^o  there  is  now  an  op- 
portunity i)^;/.—  ^6a6-(^  river,  rivulet,  brook; 
also  rain.  —  Jbab-st^gs  access  or  descent 
to  the  water,  steps  leading  to  a  bathing- 
place  Hind.  *ghdt  —  Jbdb-mo*  W.  conde- 
scending, affable. 
Qn»'  o^^^  1-  Tkan-Jbdm  a  disease  of  the 

foot  Sch. :   gout  —  2.  J>dm  -  yig  v. 
yi-ge. 
QflSTCJ'  o^^^"P^^-Put'*®^*ction,  rottenness; 

to  be  putrid,  rotten,  cf.  bdm-pa. 
Qrjxrnr  obdr-ba  (vb.n.  to  sbdr-bd)  1.  to 
burn,  me  Jbdr-bai  Udh-pa  a  burning 
house  Thgy,\  to  catch  fire,  to  be  ignited;  to 
blaze  DzL"^  also  in  reference  to  the  passions 
frq.;  to  beam,  radiate,  ^od-du  in  light  Tar.\ 


Jbdr-du  ruA'ba  Cs.  combustible.  —  2.  tl 
open,  to  begin  to  bloom,  to  blossom,  frq.  — 

3.  to  talk,  tattle,  to  be  garrulous,  babbKng, 

*J?ar  J^-pa  W*  it  is  not  worth  while  to 
talk  about  it  C;  Ho  nd-la  mdn-po  Jbarjtag 
he  treats  me  to  a  long  gossip  C ;  esp.  to 
brawl,  quarrel,  chide,  Ua-Jbdr  quarrelsome, 
brawling  Mil.\  mdn-du  Jbdr-du  byith-ba-lax 
as  she  was  going  to  brawl  still  longer  MU. ; 
^bar-kdd  tdrt-be*  to  rail  at  a  person  W,  — 

4.  dpal  ^bar-ba  Cs.  to  be  celebrated,  famous. 

(inxronx:  o^^^"©*^^  !•  sbst.  a  high,  pointed 
hill,  cf.  Jfag-Jbdg.  —  2.  adj.  un- 
even, rough;  pock-marked. 
QSOrn'  Jb^'^^y  ^^^^  ^^'y  ^^^  skfra^  l.to 

part,  dress,  arrange,  the  hair,  as 
it  is  customary  with  the  monks  and  nans 
of  certain  sects;  in  Kham  also  national 
costume;  skra  yyas  Jbal  yyon  Jbal  byid-pa 
(of  a  nun)  Pth.;  *bdl  -  ^go  -  ben*  a  person 
wearing  the  hair  thus  dressed  C;  skrd-Jbal- 
dan,  prob.  id. ;  C. :  name  of  an  old  Indian 
sect.  —  2.  as  a  sign  of  mourning,  to  have 
the  hair  disheveled,  hanging  down  in  dis- 
order Pth.;  80  also  DzL  ^c^v,!?,  ace.  to 
correct  reading;  Jbal-Jfdl  shaggy  Sch. 

Q^Q^  0*^0^'  swall  lumps  of  day  Cs. 

'^  ^  imp.  pig(s)  and  J>iig(s)-pa, 
pug^  dbug^  pag^  ^sopig-pay  'pug^a.^  1.  tO 
sting,  of  insects  Stg. ;  to  pierce,  rdd-rye-yis 
ni  rin-c^  pug  the  diamond  pierces  the  pre- 
cious stone  il5A.;  to  bore,  kin -la  bug -pa 
J>ug'pa  to  bore  holes  into  wood  Glr.;  in 
a  gen.  sense,  to  make  a  hole,  rkdn-pa  Kyk 
pug  the  dog  bit  my  foot  Mil.;  Han-pa  Jbig- 
pa  Thgy.  and  elsewh.,  to  break  into,  to  break 
open;  *Jng  gydb-pa*,  id.  C;  ihi-^gdgs  Jngs 
it  removes  strangury  Med.  —  2.  C.  to  de- 
flower, to  lie  with,  obscene.  —  *6%-^*  W. 
to  make  remarks  on  an  absent  person,  to 
criticize.  —  biys-by^dy  n.  p.,  n.  of  the  Vindhys 
mountains  (v.  f^fv). 
qftj^-  Jyih^  *)hain-bin*  C,  resp.  *sol-Jbih* 

tea-pot 

aSq(?r)"q"  Jbib(s)-pa  =  J)itb{s)-pa  Sch. 


IJ^ 


393 


Q^^  Jbum 


OCT  o**^  worm,  insect,  any  small  vermin, 
^  esp.  euphem.  for  louse;  Jm-min^  snti- 
Jbu^  id. ;  Jm-skyigs  snail  Med. ;  Jm-fags  Cs., 
cob-web;  *burydn*  (prob.  a  mere  corruption 
of  M^^-&a)  humble-bee  PT.;  *oiw-W»*  snake  W. 
Qq-n-  o^-*«?  pf.  o^  1.  to  open,  to  unfold, 
^  of  flowers,  esp.  with  UaPth.  —  2.  Cs. : 
to  be  lighted,  kindled,  set  on  fire. 

QCTSr  o^"^^  ^^^'  •  ^^^  ^^^^  ^  f<^rging 

^        nails. 

Q— .;^-^-  Jni-rds  a  coarse  silky  material, 

^*  stated  to  be  imported  into  Tibet 

from  Nepal,  and  to  come  from  some  other 
insect  than  the  silk-worm. 
Qfl'ai'  o^^  1-  ^-5  ^'  shoe  of  plaited  straw. 

^       —  2.  C:  *kd'Wa  bu-la*^  a  kind  of 
leather,  resembling  chagreen. 

Q^^'^^C*  Jm-mi-hdn  medicinal  herb  Med. 
Cl^^  Jbug  Sch.  awl,  puncher;  chisel. 

^5^5^^'^'  o*2^»-P«  V.  Jngs-pa. 

Qjqr^q*  Jyii^ns-fa^  prop.:  to  fall  upon  in 
*^  a  body,  to  rush  in  upon,  =  riib- 

pa;  cds'lajmns  apply  yourselves  with  might 
and  main  to  religion!  it  is  also  used  of  one 
person:  ^bad  Jmns  he  summons  all  his 
strength,  strains  every  nerve  DzL 
oqff -jTi*  Jmd-pa  I.  pf.  bu»^  pu(js)  (the  latter 
^  ^  form  prob.  transit.,  the  former  in- 
transit.)  fut.  dbu^  imf.ptt(s)  l.vb.n.  to  blow, 
Im-kyirlun  Jmd-cin  whilst  the  wind  of  works 
is  blowing;  cds-kyi  dun  Ims  the  trumpet 
of  religion  blew  (was  blown).  —  2.  vb.  a. 
to  blow,  dun  the  trumpet;  to  blow  away, 
rluh-gissbur-ma  bus-pa  Itar  like  chaff  blown 
off  by  the  wind  DzL;  to  blow  up,  to  fan, 
me  the  fire,  frq.;  to  blow  into,  to  inject,  e.g. 
to  apply  a  clyster  C;  to  blow  or  breathe 
upon,  bs^'bus  to  be  encountered  by  a  cold 
wind  Med.',  to  inflate,  to  distend  by  injecting 
air,  lus  kun  bus-pa  Itar  skrans  Mng. ;  Jrudr- 
jiun  Wdk.  =  dun  trumpet.  Cf.  sbud-pa  and 
pu.  —  W.  ^pu'de*.  —  11.  pf.  imp.  ptid,  fut. 
dbud  W.  *pud-ce*,  trs.:  1.  to  put  off,  pull 
•ff,  take  off  6'.,  W.,  the  turban,  hat,  coat, 
ring  etc.  Glr.  and  elsewh. ;  to  throw  down, 
pud  hStdg-go  Glr.,  =  *jf>an'Ste*  bar  W.j  v. 


sub  ^pen-pa.  —  2.  to  drive  out,  expel,  cast 
out,  chase  away,  with  the  accus.  of  the  person 
and  place,  y^d  out  of  the  country  Tar. ;  yul- 
pud  an  exile  Schr. ;  drag-pos  by  force  Mil. ; 
to  let  out  (out  of  a  cage);  to  set  free,  to 
set  at  liberty,  to  allow  to  pass  W.;  to  lay 
out,  to  spend,  *nul  tsam  pud  son*  how  many 
rupees  have  been  laid  out,  spent?  —  3.  to 
pull  out,  tear  out,  exfa*act,  uproot,  so  a  tooth, 
C\  W.  —  4.  to  take  away,  to  subtract,  *gu- 
n§  (or  gti  fog-ne)  hi  pudrpa  (or  pud-nd) 
ha  lus*  4  taken  from  9  leaves  b  W.  —  III. 
pf.  Jmd,  vb.n.  (limited  perh.  to  W.)  1.  to 
fall  from,  escape  from,  drop,  fall  down,  *%- 
pa-ne  bud  son*  it  escaped,  dropped  out 
of  my  hand;  to  fall  off,  of  leaves;  to  fall 
through,  *sdl-wa  da-mig-ne  bud  son*  the 
coals  are  fallen  through  the  grate.  —  2.  to 
go  away,  to  leave,  e.g.  to  leave  the  service. 

—  3.  to  go  out  of  sight,  to  disappear,  *nyi' 
ma  bud  son*  the  sun  is  gone  down;  *bud- 
Uan*  a  departed  (deceased)  person;  the  an- 
cients, those  of  old,  prisfini;  to  pass  away, 
*dus'fsdd  bud*  time  passes  away  (make 
haste!);  *pid'ka  ha/r-na  gun  bud  san*  when 
spring  begins,  winter  has  passed  away;  *bud 
bug  -  be*  to  cause  to  be  lost,  or  to  suffer  to 
be  lost,  to  lose. 

an&:^'    n(rq-  o^w-?>«.  bim-pa  to  itch; 
^  '     '   ^^       *bun,  zd-bun*  the  itch, 
itching  W. ;  *bun  rag*  1  feel  an  itching  (B. 
yyd'ba). 

Onn'q'  o^ub-pa,  pf.  buhy  imp.  bub(s)y  h  to 
^  be  turned  over,  upside  down,  frq. 
with  Aa,  Ua-Jntb  -  tu  nyal  he  lies  with  his 
face  undermost;  Ua-Jbub-tu  bzag  or  bor  it 
is  placed  with  its  top  lowermost,  inverted, 
tilted,  turned  over;  lag-Jnib  (or  -bubs)  by^d- 
pa  Sch.:  stumbling  to  fall  on  the  hands. 

—  2.  fig.,  to  be  overthrown,  destroyed,  spoiled, 
with  regard  to  meditation  Mil. 

^^  dbuby  W.  *pub'ce*,  to  put  on  a 

roof,  or  something  for  a  roof;  fog  to  make, 
construct  a  roof;  gur  to  pitch  a  tent;  gru- 
pubs  corner-pavilion  S.g, 
nq»'  o^^  ®"®  hundred  thousand,  Jbum- 
fso  id. ;  rgyai  dmag  Jbum  -  tso  Ina 
26* 


394 


Q^^'^'  Jyiim^a 


Q^^^f rr  o*^*«-?>« 


500000  Chinese  GIt,\  ^buvi-prdg  yHg  a 
hundred  thousand;  JbuTn-tso  ding  600000; 
mgur^Jbum  the  100000  songs,  v.  mgur-ma. 
Q^qxrzv  Jyum-pa  tomb,  sepulchre  Cs.,  sku^ 
Jmm,  ydun-Jbum  Cs.^  id. ;  skti-^bum 
(^kum-bum*)  n.p.,  a  large  monastery  on 
the  Chinese  frontier,  v.  Hue,  also  Kopp,^ 
who  traces  the  name  back  to  the  preceding 
word. 
qn^^'fl-  Jyur-ha^  I.  vb.  1.  to  rise,  to  be 

prominent,  sbdh-la  brdg-ri  Jmr-ba 
Hg  a  rocky  hill  rising  from  the  green-sward 
MiL ;  Jfur-du  dddr-pa  v.  dod-pa;  Jywr-du rko- 
ba  to  emboss,  to  work  out  relievos  Glr.; 
^Jmr-ko  ggdb'pa*  6',  ^bur-la  tdn-c^  W,  id. 
—  2.  to  spring  up,  come  forth,  bud,  unfold, 
*no  bur  dug*  it  is  getting  green  W,  —  3.  to 
increase,  augment,  *no  kye-na  o-ma  bur  dug* 
when  the  fields  are  getting  green,  milk  be- 
comes more  plentiful  W.  —  kyon-Jbur  gold 
and  silver  ornaments  in  relievo  on  some 
other  metal.  —  glo-Jmr^  blo~Jmr  seems 
to  be  a  technical  term  for  some  part  of  a 
building  Glr.  —  fr/*w  -Jbur  paintings  and 
sculptures.  —  Jmr-rho-mKan ,  Jyiir-bzo-fa 
engraver.  —  Jmr'sku  relief-picture  —  Jmr- 
rgdd  (s.\.c.)Ld,'Glr.y  SchL  17,  b.,  mentioned 
among  various  musical  instruments  (?).  — 
Jbur-^&tns  with  by^d-pa  to  reduce  elevations, 
to  smooth  uneven  ground ;  fig.  MiL,  to  pro- 
strate an  opponent  in  disputation.  — Jnir-po 

I.  Sch,\  projecting,  prominent;  a  protuberance, 
tumor,  rk^-pai  Jbur-poi  Idebs  near  the  pro- 
tuberance oiihehoneMed.  2. having  protuber- 
ances, uneven,  rough,  opp.  to  Jdm-po,  of  the 
^VmMed, — Jykr-ma  embossment,  relievo  — 

II.  sbst.  protuberance,  e  g.  a  boil,  pustule  etc. 
oqQt-n-  Jbul'ba  I.  vb.,  pf.  imp.  puly  fut. 
'^  dbul  {*ul,  yJ*),  W,  *puUb€*  1.  to 
give,  when  the  person  receiving  is  considered 
to  be  of  higher  rank  (cf.  yndh-ba),  H  tsam 
kig  dbul'bar  bgyi  how  much  shall  we  give 
you?  Feer  Inttvd,  p.  70, 18;  to  bring  in,  e.g 
to  place  a  criminal  before  the  king  DzL; 
gar  dan  rta^d-mo  rgydt-po-la  Jbul-ba  to  per- 
form dances  etc.  before  the  king  DzL;ytsug- 
lag-Uan  rgydl-po-la  yzigs-par  Jml-ba  to 
show  the  king  the  convent-temple  Glr,]  to 


lay  before,  represent,  report,  like  ysdl-ba, 
tsul  rgyas  pHrbas  as  they  had  given  him 
a  minute  report  of  the  manner  in  which . . . 
Mil.\  pul  ^  communicate  it  to  me  Mil.\ 
Jbul'bar  pul-nas  Mil.,  prob.  proposing  to 
give,  offering;  lam  to  put  a  person  in  the 
way  of,  to  put  in  a  condition,  to  enable 
Mil.;  specifically  in  dating  letters:  diar- 
mdans-nas  pul  given  at  Kardang.  —  2.  to 
add  (arith.)  WdJc,  11.  sbst.  offering,  gift, 
present,  Jbitl-ba  man-po  pul  Mil.,  also  byed- 
pa  Pth. 

Qn^-q-  o*««-pa  1-  V.  ^bu-ba.  —  2.  =  ^bur^ 
^         bar,  prominent 
qn^^'  o*^-^^  'Sc*-  »  coppice  of  young 

^  ^  trees. 
qBx'  o^^dAa  CbMa*),  a  class  of  itinerant 
^  musicians,  cf.  rmm  W.  (This  seems 
not  to  be  a  Tibetan  word,  but  to  belong 
to  one  of  the  mountain  dialects;  its  spelling 
also  —  ace.  to  Ld.-Glr.,  SchL  25,  b.  p.  15  — 
may  be  wrong). 

d^3r  o*^  P^'^  \bem*  W.,  a,  1.  aim,  goal, 
'  target,  ^ben  ^dziigs^pa  to  set  up  a 
target;  Jb&n-'la  ytodrpa  to  aim,  to  take  aim; 
Jb&n-sa  the  place  where  the  target  is  to 
be  set  up;  specifically:  the  central  part  of 
the  target,  the  mark.  —  2.  scope  Ck.  — 
3.  putrefaction  ScL,  =  J)am. 

Q^&^K^^  Jben-ditg  6s.  rags,  tatters. 

oBn^n'  J^^^'P^y  pf  P^y  ^^^'  <il>ah^  imp. 
pob  W.  *pdb'<e'y  causative  to  Jkdb- 
pa  1.  to  cast  down,  throw  down,  Itd-ba  sa-la 
to  cast  one's  self  on  the  ground  DzL ;  sor 
rdul  Jbeba  bbug  be  made  (the  pigeon)  throw 
down  dust  Glr, ;  to  cause  to  rain  (e.g.  jewels) 
frq. ;  Uyeu  hi  Jbibs-kyi  ri-mo  a  picture  re- 
presenting two  youths  who,  driven  by  piety, 
conveyed  by  means  of  an  elephant  skins 
filled  with  water  to  the  fishes  in  a  dried- 
up  pool  Glr,;  mig  sna-rts^  to  keep  one's 
eyes  directed  towards  the  tip  of  the  nose. 
—  2.  to  subject  DzL  ;?vSo,12.  —  3.  to  put 
off,  to  lay  aside,  e.g.  bag  I.  —  4.  used  in 
a  variety  of  phrases:  ynas  JbAz-^pa  W.  *h9 
pdb  'Ce*  to  take  up  one's  residence  in  a 
place;  dpya  jbebs-pay  vrith  la^  to  impose 


taxes  Tar,^  cf  ^ah;  skyon  Jb^bs-pa  to  impute 
a  criDie  to  a  person,  to  calumniate  6/n; 
\s)kad  pab-ce*  W,  to  translate;  ito,  resp. 
fugSy  e.g.  yul-jpyogs  ^di-ru  Jbebs-pa  to  direct 
one's  thoughts  to  a  certain  place,  to  have 
a  mind  to  settle  there;  ytdn-la  Jbebs-fa  v. 
ftan;  ^na  rml-la  pdb-ba*  to  turn  the  barley 
into  money  Kun. 

qS^'  o*^''  ^^'''  ^^  sort  of  plastic  mass  used 
by  smiths'. 

head  of  a  horse  Cs. 

qqofSf  °*^^"^^  &A.:  'temperate,  saving, 
economical;  Jbel-po  ^dug  a  good 
deal  has  been  saved  (by  economy),  ample 
provision  has  been  made;  J)d-^u  Jag-pa 
to  enjoin  temperance,  frugality' (?). 
Q^  Jbo  a  dry  measure,  which  seems  to  be 
very  variable  as  to  quantity,  and  little 
used;  Ual-bd  Cs,  bushel.  /03  -  Sy  *     -^ 

"^  *6o-^^,  jt?o-t^^%  to  pour  out,  Mrag  Jbd- 
ba  to  shed  blood  Ma. ;  wa  bd-ba  byuh-na^s 
there  being  no  spHling  Glr.\  bditd-rtsi  pd- 
bos  pouring  out  nectar  Glr, ;  ^pos  ton*  Ld, 
pour  out!  —  2.  to  swell  (up),  to  rise,  *W8- 
te  rag*  I  see  it  has  swelled  W.;  J>6$-pai 
nas  Sch.  swelled  barley;  sran-ma  pds-pa 
tsam  as  big  as  a  swelled  pea  Lt. ;  ardd- 
ma  pos'pds  grain  swelled,  and  afterwards 
parched.  —  3.  to  sprout,  shoot  forth,  of  wild- 
growing  plants,  8a  Jbo  Jtug  the  ground  is 
verdant  C. 

q26r  J>^9j  a  kind  of  upper-garment,  jt>o-o6d^, 
'  for  men,  mo-Jbog  for  females  Cs.  — 
2.  IF. :  a  square  cloth,  for  wrapping  up  and 
carrying  provisions,  also  *bog-ca*^  hence 
*bog'fe8*  a  burden  thus  formed.  —  3.  W], 
a  small  hillock;  ^sa-bdg^  be-bdg*  a  sand- 
hill; *ri-b6^  a  projecting  hill,  also  a  clod; 
^fan-bdg*  a  piece  of  turf. 

^5^5S^  Jbog-M  V.  sbug-M. 

Q?6rg^  Jfog-fdy  had -mo  J)og'fo  Cs.,  hat 
'       with  a  broad  crown  of  yellow  cloth, 
and  trimmed  with  long-haired  fiir. 


(^^'  J>6d.pa 


895 


Q2fi^/^•^q•  o%(«)-/>«>  pf-  %,  pogy  At. 
^  "^  ^  dbogf  W,  *bog'ce*,  to  be  rooted 
out,  uprooted,  puHed  out,  of  teeth  W.;  to 
be  put  out  of  joint,  tsigs  W.  —  2.  to  be  taken 
down  (opp.  to  ^el'ba),  /idl-mams  pog  Glr, 
the  loads  were  taken  oflF;  *zan  m^-ne*  the 
kettle  from  the  fire  W.  —  3.  to  grow  loose, 
to  come  off,  to  drop  off,  leaves  from  a  tree 
C,  —  4.  to  sink  down,  to  fall  to  the  ground, 
esp.  in  a  fainting-fit,  Jbog  -  bin  brgydl  -  ba 
Thgy.y  brgydl{-Uh)  J)6g-pa  Pth ,  id.;  J)og 
yun  rin-na  Lt.  prob.:  when  the  fainting-fit 
has  lasted  a  long  time;  smyo-Jbdg  madness, 
insanity,  Jbyuh  sets  in,  takes  place  Glr. ;  J)og- 
si  being  quickly  carried  oflp,  by  cholera  etc. 
W.  —  5.  to  wade,  to  dip  into,  to  submerge, 
cu'la  Dzl.  also  cu  Lex.  to  wade  through 
the  vva'er. 

agjcn^q-  J^<^y^'P^^  V^-Pog,  fut  dbog,  dbag, 
^  '  imp.  pog,  1.  to  give,  to  impart, 
ydams-ndg.,  lun  counsel,  advice,  directions 
Tar,\  /»^nd,  bsldb-pa Mil.  instruction;  sdrm- 
pa  to  impose  religious  duties,  i.e.  to  receive 
into  holy  orders  Glr. ;  to  bequeath,  to  give  (?), 
nor  I^ex.  —  2.  yii-ma  to  fit  up  a  dwelling, 
=  J)^bs'pa  Glr. ;  gro  Jbogs-pa  to  take  bieak- 
fast.  -  3.  to  blot,  stain,  pollute,  v.  Jbdg-pa. 

nSjQ'q-  J>^^ "  *^  ^^•'>  roundness,  rotundity, 
^  Jboh-Jbdiiy  round;  ace.  to  my  in- 

formants *bon-b6n*  loose.  Slack,  incoherent 

C^2S'  Jbod  1.  V.  Jbdd-pa.  —  2.  y.  Jbdd-pa. 

qS^TZV  Jb^^'P^y  b<^d'pay  pf.  imp.  bos,  W. 
^  '  *bO'€e,  bos  (boiy  bo)*,  1,  to  call,  to 
exclaim,  sdod  big  ces  bos-so  he  exclaimed: 
wait!  Dzl.',  mi  hig  B.y  mi  hig-la  col.,  to 
call  a  person;  rtsar  Glr.,  mdun-du  Pth,  to 
call  near;  ndn-du  to  call  in;  Jbdd-pai  brda 
or  fsig  interjection  Gram  ;  can -la  Jx)d-pa 
to  call,  to  invite,  to  a  cup  of  beer  2)2:/. ;  ma 
bds-par  ^dn-ba  to  come  uninvited  DzL ;  In- 
bos  Jbdd-pa  Wdn.,  Jbod-grogs-pa  Dzl.  to  cry 
repeatedly;  ^bds-^a*  Ld.,  ^boi^ra,  bg^rcf^Lh., 
*tdn-be  or  gydb-be*  id.  W^ ;  riu-Jbdd  howling, 

V.  vu-ba.  —  2.  to  call,  to  name,  to  deno- 
minate, yid-skad. . .  Jbdd-pa  commonly  called, 
styled  . . .  Wdn. 


d96 


^2jSj^  Jbobs 


^S^^  o^y^»-p« 


qScJ^  o^o^^y  not  exactly  ^stocking'  (Sch.), 
but  a  soft,  warm  stuffing  of  the 
stockings ;  *bob-zm*  a  shoe  provided  with 
such  stuffing  C. 

q2j5;'CI'  o*^^-*«?  pf-  i^ip.  6or,  l.  to  throw, 
cast,  fling,  e.g.  the  mendicant's  bowl 
up  in  the  air,  the  sword  to  the  ground  Dzl.\ 
zdm-pai  ^dg-tu  to  precipitate  a  person 
from  a  bridge  Dzl. ;  pyir  to  cast  out  Thgy. ; 
*ma  bhor-wajhe'*  C.  don't  throw  it  away! 
*bhor  son*  I've  lost  it  C.  bor-yt&r,  bar-stor, 
bar-ddr,  ddr-Jbcn^-ba  Mil.  and  elsewh.  id.; 
to  throw  away,  pour  away,  Jfw  water  6\; 
to  waste,  to  squander  Dzl,  —  2.  to  leave, 
forsake,  Kyim-fab  husband  or  wife  Dzl.x  to 
leave  behind ,  mi  hg  bdd  -  rfw  to  leave  a 
person  behind  in  Tibet;  ydb-h/is  bdr-bai 
fse  when  I  was  left  by  my  father,  when 
my  father  died  Pth,;  de  bdt'-la  fon  let  that 
alone,  give  it  up,  keep  away  from  it  Mil, ; 
*na  le-ka  bar  tan  yin*  W,  I  shall  now  leave 
oflF  working,  I  shall  put  aside  my  work.  — 
3-  =  oJ^9'P^^  ta  place,  put,  lay,  in  W,  the 
word  commonly  used,  in  C.  and  B,  only  in 
certain  phrases:  ^H^ru  bar*  put  it  here!  *^w- 
ni  Kar  b&r-b^  to  seat  a  person  on  the  carpet, 
to  invite  to  a  seat  on  the  carpet;  *mii  lag- 
tu  t  in  bdr-he*  to  place  a  chaise  into  some- 
body's hands;  ^nySr-pa  sd-ma  bdr-h^  to 
appoint  a  new  manager;  frq.  with  gerund: 
*Uyi  tdg-te  bdr-ce*  to  fasten  a  dog  (to  a 
chain).  —  4.  in  particular  combinations, 
e.g.  gdm-pa. 
qS&j-  o*^^  (v  bol)  cushion,  bolster,  mattress; 

snye-Jbdl  pillow,  v.  snye-ba, 
Q2jar2f  o^^l^o  B.,  a,  \bdl--7no*  W.  1.  soft, 
of  the  ground,  beds,  leather,  fruit 
etc. ;  soft,  gentle,  pliable,  also  as  to  dispo- 
sition of  mind ;  Jbdl-le  h'g-ge  sddd-pa  to  sit 
still,  to  remain  quiet,  tranquil  Mil.  —  2.  C. 
=  mdd-po, 
Of^'  o^«  1-  V.  o*^-  —  '^'  V.  ^bo  -  ba,  — 

3.  sbst.  boil,  bump,  tumour  C, 
a^^'q'  o%aw-ia  to  dean,  cleanse,  purify 

f «.,  Jbyar'i'Kydd  custom  C,  W. 
an^'n*  o%^^"P^5  pf-  &3/«^w«  Cs.,  to  flow 
^         over,  to  be  diffused.   Jbyam-klds- 
pa  Lex,^  Cs.:  unlijnited, infinite;  rab-Jrydms 


Lex.y  Cs,:  widely  diffused,  far  spread;  rob- 
Jbydrm-pa  Cs, :  a  man  of  profound  learning, 
a  doctor  of  theology  or  philosophy;  also 
/ScAr.;  ^%>.  11,253. 

^9^^'  Mfdr-ba  v.  Jyydr-ba, 

'  ^byi'ba^  pf.  byi^  also  pyi  and  ^yw, 
vb.  n.  oipyi-ba  to  be  wiped  Off,  blotM 
out,  effaced  Cs.;  to  fall  off,  of  the  hair/)?/, 
and  elsewh. 

^        sink  down,  to  be  swallowed  up,  Hn- 

rta  by^-ma-la  Jjyih  Glr,  the  carriage  sticks 
fast  in  the  sand;  gru  cu-la  the  ship  sinks 
in  the  water  Dzl.  and  elsewh.  —  2.  to  grew 
faint,  languid,  remiss,  rig-pa  byin-ba  bs^-ba 
to  lift  up  again  one's  fainting  soul  Ii/iL\ 
byin-rgod  seems  to  signify  languor,  distrac- 
tion, byin^/'tnugs  Mil.^  id.,  byin-rmu^-med' 
pai  sgom;  so  also  byin-fibs  ht.\  «^OT«-iym- 
&a  drowsiness,  indolence,  depression  of  spirib. 
—  3.  C.  *jhin  son,  jhin  log  son*^  they  have 
dispersed,  separated,  are  all  gone  home.  — 
4.  V.  Jin,  2. 

qSc'd'  o^y^d-pa,  pf.  byid,  pyid  1.  to  glide, 
^  to  slip  Lex,  =  jdred-pa.  —  2.  to 

disappear,  to  pass  away,  e.g.  mi -fse  ^byid 
human  life  passes  away  />»r.;  in  W,  *Ue 
pidrce*  vb.  a.,  to  earn  a  livelihood,  *gdr-ra 
bd'te*  by  smith's  work  (C.  ltx>  zd-ba\ 

oStCJ'  J¥'^'P<^-^  p£  imp.  pyun,  fiit  (in 
^^^  C.  also  pres.)  dbyun  Ld.  ^pin-c^, 
trs.  oijbyun-ba,  to  cause  to  come forth:  1.  to 
take  out,  to  remove,  a  pillar  firom  its  place 
Dzl,;  *]Hns{ton)*  take  it  out  (out  of  your 
pocket,  out  of  the  box  etc.)  Ld. ;  to  draw 
out,  pull  out,  a  sword,  a  thorn  etc.,  frq.;  to 
tear  out,  to  put  out,  one's  eyes  etc.,  mig 
dhyuh-ba  di-dag  the  men  whose  eyes  are 
to  be  put  out  Dzl,  p.  ^/S,  10,  ace  to  an 
emended  reading;  to  draw  forth,  produce, 
bring  to  light,  something  that  was  hid  Dzl. 
~  2.  in  a  more  gen.  sense:  to  let  pro- 
ceed from,  to  send  out,  to  emit,  rays  of  light, 
frq. ;  IvS'la  Urag  to  draw  blood  by  scratching 
one's  self  Dzl,;  m^H-ma  Glr.  to  shed  tears; 
skad  to  make  the  voice  to  be  heard,  of  a 
bird  Dzl;  sdug -  bsndl - gyi  skad  to  uttttr 


397 


^^^^  oh^-r^ 


R^*^  Jbyim^ha 


complamts,  lameDtations  Dzl,\  skad  ^ht-^ 
to  cry  aloud  DzL',  to  exhibit,  to  extol,  bstdn- 
pat  c^'ba  the  grandeur  of  the  doctrine 
Tar.  48, 9,  Schfr,  to  drive  out,  turn  out,  expel, 
ynoi  Jbjfhirfa  Tar.^yun-waT  Ts,,  to  banish, 
so  also  Ld.  ^pin-be^;  to  cast  out,  throw  away 
71^.;  to  save,  rescue,  liberate,  release,  nas 
from,  Domr,  absol.  Tar.  121,19.  —  3.  par- 
ticular phrases,  such  as  /^dl-du  pyun-ba, 
yid  Jbym-jHi  etc.  v.  in  their  own  places. 
C^OTrq-  oh^g-p^y  Pt  and  imp.  byugs  1.  to 
^  '  wet,  moisten,  smear,  spread  over, 
anoint,  with  la:  ^a  skdm-la  fsd-cu  byiigs-pa 
salt-meat  Glr.\  yddn-la  sol-snum  Jby^tg-pa 
to  daub  one's  face  with  coal -salve  Glr.; 
also  with  accus.  and  instrum. :  Uia-rthi  spos 
dan  byug-pas  covering  the  little  temple  with 
spices  and  ointments  Dzl.'^  yser  Jby^g-pa 
prob.  to  gild  Pih,  —  2.  to  stroke,  to  pat, 
mffd  la  a  person's  head  Dzl. 
qn[^w  jyifO^h-ha  I.vb.,  pf  imp.  hyun  (intrs 

^  oi  Jyyin-fa)  to  come  out,  to  emerge, 
often  with  a  pleon.  pyireic,^  from  the  water, 
from  an  egg,  a  vessel  etc.  Dzl. ;  JUr-ba-las 
=  to  be  set  free,  to  be  liberated  Dow.;  to 
go  out,  Ih/hn-^nas  Dzl. ;  pyi-rol-tu  Jbyun-ba 
to  go  out  into  the  open  air  Dzl ;  to  make 
one's  appearance,  to  become  visible  Dzl\  to 
show  one's  self,  to  appear  rgydl-poi  I'mi-lam- 
du  byun-bai  Iha-ycig  the  princess  that  ap- 
peared to  the  king  in  a  dream  Glr.;  also: 
nd'la  rmd'lam  bzdn-po  byuh  I  have  had  an 
auspicious  dream  Mil. ;  sgrhi-mor  Jbtjun^a 
to  go  abroad  naked  Dzl.',  to  be  heard,  to 
resound,  shad  frq. ;  to  be  said,  to  be  told  Tar. ; 
to  turn  out,  to  prove,  to  be  found,  ma  bzi- 
ba  9u  byun^ba  he  who  is  found  not  intoxi- 
cated Glr.;  ndn-pa  byun  it  proved  to  be 
ill  founded  Mil. ;  . .  .pa  su  yan  ma  byui'i 
none  was  to  be  found  that .  . .  Pth. ;  to  step 
forward,  from  the  crowd;  to  step  forth,  to 
appear  Glr.-,  to  step  up  to,  with  rtsar  to 
Glr. ;  hrffyugs-nas  byut)  they  came  running 
up  or  near  Pthr,  to  go  to,  to  proceed  to,  to 
come,  rii  rtsS'Tfior  DzL;  ^ka-ndii-wa  via 
jun  ^ruf  W.  if  no  order  (permission  etc.) 
conies;  dlmgs pyir  byun-na*  when  breathing 
retOTced,  when  thej  recovered  from  faint- 


ing DzL ;  mun-pai  bskal-^a  Ina-brgya  byun- 
no  then  came,  followed,  600  dark  Ealpas 
Pth.  —  2  to  rise,  as  kings,  frq.;  to  arise, 
to  originate,  to  become,  with  nas^  las^  from, 
in  consequence  of^  by,  dS-nas  byun  it  de- 
rives its  origin  from  that  Glr.',  Jbrds-bu 
Jbyun-bai  sin  trees  on  which  fruit  is  grow- 
ing Stg. ;  mi  Jn/un-bar  ^yiir  ba  not  to  come 
to  a  fair  beginning,  to  be  suppressed  in  its 
first  beginnings  Glr.',  kyeu  ^ig  byun  ^dug 
by  that  time  a  boy  had  become  of  it  Glr.; 
ynyiS'Su  bjjUn  they  became  two,  they  split 
in  two  (systems  of  doctrine) ;  rdb-tu  Jfyun- 
ba  to  become  a  priest,  v.  rob;  to  conoe  in 
(money);  tO  happen,  to  take  place,  very  frq., 
Itas  H  byun  what  signs  have  taken  place? 
Dzl. ;  mi  hig-la  nyes-pa  ^Sn^po  byun  =  a  man 
has  committed  etc.  Dzl.  frq. ;  ro  ^di-^mams- 
la  H  byun-ba  yin  what  has  happened  to 
these  corpses,  what  is  their  history?  Glr.\ 
mar  byun-ba  and  ma  byun-ba  things  heard 
of  and  unheard  of  Tar.\  Kd-^e-nas  ydd- 
pa  de-an  de  diUs-su  bytirl-no  'at  that  time 
also  the  opened  position  (of  the  hands  of 
the  image)  took  place'  Glr. ;  bld-ma-la  yan 
byun  IdgS'Sam  did  the  same  thing  happen 
to  your  Reverence?  Mil.;  n^d-kyis  ^di-^iin 
byun  it  is  I  that  brought  this  thing  about 
Glr. ;  jfyis'byufi  or  Jyun  the  later  time,  time 
to  cx>me,  also  adv.  afterwards,  latterly,  Tar. 
—  3.  The  word  more  and  more  assumes 
the  character  of  an  auxiliary  in  such  phrases 
as  the  following:  ^o-fub-pa  byun  they 
were  able  to  proceed  (the  possibility  of  pro- 
ceeding was  brought  about)  Glr.;  da  bla- 
ma  der  biugs-pa  byun-na  in  case  your  Re- 
verence should  stay  there  Mil.;  with  the  su- 
pine :  Jr&l'du,  her^Uy  stdn-du  byun-ba-lais) 
as  they  gave,  said,  showed  MU. ;  fugs-ddm 
^pd-bar  byuh  meditation  increased ;  lastly, 
with  the  root  only :  bod  dan  Jbrel  byuh  came 
into  communication  with  Tibet  Glr.;  deb 
byun-ba Aa  when  he  appeared  MU.;  rdo 
dbyug  byuh  he  threw  a  stone;  and  so  it  is 
commonly  used  now,  esp.  in  C. ;  it  supplies 
the  place  of  a  copula  in :  y^uh  de  kun  s^ms- 
la  Mn-tu  Jdd'pa  }:ig  byun  this  song  was 
truly  heart-affecting  Mil. 


S98 


<^'2f  Jbi^U-fo 


^^^  o*y^-*« 


Comp.  Jbtfiin-Kum  1.  =  cu-viig  a  well, 
spring  Sambh.  2v  Origin  Pth.  3.  ablative  case 

Gram.  —  Jyyun-lhLnS'hyiHaTns  Cs./amineral, 
byun-lhim-kyi  Udms-kt/i  bated  a  mineral 
elixir' (?)  —  J)i/un  -  ^-was  (;gl|r^),  place  Of 
origin  (of.  padma  Jyyuii-ynds);  primitive 
source,  ydn-tan  fams-bad-kyi  J^yuii-ynaz 
«ource  of  all  accomplishments;  byun-bai  yli 
id. ;  yan-bde  tarm-cad  Jbyun-bai  ;i?^  primor- 
dial source  of  all  happiness.  —  II.  sbst.  1. 
a  coining  forth,  an  originating,  the  state  of 
being,  Jyyun-ba-nyid  Tar  Ay  4  Schf.  the  true 
state  of  a  case.  —  2.  element,  usually  4: 
Jyyuri'ba  bhii  yndd-pa  damage  done  by  fire, 
water,  wind  and  sand  Glr.;  Jfyun-ba  bzii 
lus  the  physical  body,  very  frq.;  J^ytm  ba 
yyo  the  elements  are  in  motion,  are  raging 
Ma. ;  higher  philosophy  numbers  5  elements, 
adding  the  ether,  wAfa,  as  the  fifth;  ac- 
cordingly physiology  teaches,  that  in  the 
composition  of  the  human  body  earth  con- 
stitutes the  mucus  of  the  nose,  water  the 
saliva,  fire  produces  the  pictures  formed  in 
the  eyes,  air  the  sensations  of  the  skin, 
ether  the  sensations  of  the  ear;  even  6 
elements  are  spoken  of,  v.  Kopp,  I,  602.  — 
3.  symb.  num.  for  5. 
aqC'Sf  o^yw'^-i^^  (^)  1-  being,  creature, 

^  Jbyuh-po  kun  all  beings  Cs. ;  Jbyuh^ 

po  cSn^o  the  great  being,  Buddha  Cs.  — 
2.  demon,  evil  spirit,  foul  sprite,  frq.,  ^byun- 
pO'Sruh  a  preservative,  talisman,  against 
such;  Jbyun-mo  fem.  Cs. 
Q^q-  Jby^'bay  pf.  and  imp.  bye^  W.  *6e- 

^  ceisY,  intrs.  of  Jyyfd-pa  1.  to  open, 
padma  Ud-bye-ba  a  lotos-flower  that  has 
opened  GZr.;  mrial  Hd-bye-nas  when  the 
mouth  of  the  womb  has  opened  itself  S.^. 
—  2.  to  divide,  separate,  resolve,  ska  sla 
ynyis-su  bye  it  resolves  into  thick  and  thin 
matter  Med. ;  dum^bu  stdn  -  du  dbyi  -  bar 
^yur  it  separates  into  a  thousand  pieces 
Qlr.\  bye-brag  ma  byi-bai  bdr-du  as  long 
as  the  separation  has  not  evidenced  itself 
Dzl 
q^C-q-  o^^d-pa,  pf.  and  imp.  pye,  pyed, 

^  '       pyesy  fut.  dbyey  W.  *p^'Ce(s)*y  pf. 
and  imp.  *jt?X0*5  ^b.  a.,  1.  tO  opon,  *lla  pe(s) 


ton*  W.  open  your  mouth;  ajfa  pf^et-nas  j6^ 
pa  Pth  ,  *pe'te  bdr-ce*  W.  to  open  the  door 
without  shutting  it  again;  fig.  cds-kyi  sgo 
rndm-par  JbyM-pa'y  miy  to  open  one's  eyes, 
opp.  to  ^dzum-pa ;  Un-baimig  Jyyed-pa  to  open 
a  blind  man's  eyes  Dzl. ;  to  open  again  what 
had  been  shut  or  stopped,  to  restore,  ddh- 
ga,  yi-ga  By  k^am  W.  the  appetite;  ba-pyM 
the  open  b,  b  pronounced  like  w,  Cfram.] 
to  get  out,  work  out,  fetch  out,  stone-shivers 
by  means  of  a  chisel  Glr.  —  2.  to  separate, 
to  keep  asunder,  to  disentangle,  threads  W.\ 
to  disunite,  to  set  at  variance,  dS^ag  dbye- 
bat  pyir  in  order  to  set  them  at  variance, 
to  create  enmity  between  them  Stg.]  to  part, 
separate,  byah-Kdy-stod-smad  mUn-drk 
dbye-ba  ste  the  cavity  of  the  chest  and  the 
abdomen  being  separated  by  the  diaphragm 
S.g.\  to  divide,  classify,  rigs-kyi  sgd-nas  dbyS- 
na  if  they  are  classified  according  to  the 
different  species  Lt;  to  pick,  to  sort,  pease; 
hence,  to  pick  out,  choose,  select,  ^p^-fe  kyon* 
make  your  choice,  and  bring  it  here!  W.; 
shns'can-mams  Ids  kyis  ^mdm-par  pye  the 
beings  are  severed  by  their  deeds  Thgy,; 
Kd-pye-ba  to  open,  to  separate,  e.g.  when 
hands,  that  were  laid  in  each  other,  arc 
separated  again  Glr.;  Hd-pye-ba  also  ts 
open,  to  begin  to  bloom;  Jbyid-^a  to  dissect, 
to  anatomize  Tkgy.;  esp.  with  mam- par ^ 
to  analyze,  to  explain  grammatically  and  lo- 
gically, dow,  the  sense,  import,  Stg.  frq.; 
as  sdud'pa  is  the  opposite  of  it :  Jbyed-sdud 
analysis  and  synthesisers.;  Jbyed-sd^lyisitra 
term  for  the  affix  aw,  the  disjunctive  par- 
ticle (ni  f.)  Glr. ;  mi-pyid-pa  inseparable,  in- 
divisible, imperishable,  ska  ScL;  unshaken, 
immovable,  ddd-pa  Mil.  frq. 

0^^^.^^  Jbyed'dpydd  Sch.  tongs,  pincers. 

qS^'CT  Jy^'P^'>  ^^^^  byid'pay  'to  act 
^^  with  promptness  9    determination 

and  good  success'  Sch. 
aS^'fl*  Jyg^-bo.  pf.  and  imp.  byer^  to  dil- 
^  perse  in  flight,  to  flee  in  different 
directions  Dzl,  ts6n^^dus  byer-nas  mi  ^dug- 
ste  the  market-people  having  fled,  and  no 
body  remaining  Pth.;  tO  ghfe  Wty,  tO  k« 


refnoved,  of  diseases  Lty  opp.  to  Tifya^  and 


39i} 


^g^'^  M^'V<^ 


^^  ^08,  to  pour  out,  to  pour  into  another 
vessel,  to  transfuse  Lex,  aod  Cs. 

Q26rCI'  xky^'P^y  Pf-  ^oys  to  lick  L^ur.  and 

iJs. 
nJJ^-n-  Jyy&h'ha  I.  pf   bydn-ba   1.  tO  be 
^  cleansed,  purified,   v.  bydn-ba.  — 

2  to  be  skilled,  well  versed,  rig-byed-la  in 
th*e  Vedas  Tar,  —  II.  pf  J/yons-pa  to  be 
finished,  perfect,  complete,  frq.  with  snyin- 
rje  Mil  and  elsewh.,  to  exercise  full  com- 
passion(? j  cf.  sbydn-ba,  (The  above  arrange- 
ment is  nothing  more  than  an  attempt;  in 
order  to  arrive  at  any  certainty  as  to  these 
roots,  a  far  greater  number  of  observations 
would  be  required.) 

Q^frn*  o^y^'P^j  P^-  ^^^  ''^P-  f>yon^  resp. 
^  '  to  go,  proceed,  travel,  di^-nas  bydn- 
pa-na  then  in  proceeding  on  the  way  Glr, ; 
to  arrive,  appear,  become  visible;  also  for 
jbyun-ba,  e.g.  ran-bydn;  with  root  of  the 
verb:  pur-byon-pas  preparing  to  fly  MU.'y 
ma-bydn-pa  =  ma-^dns-pa  future  (Buddhas) 
S,0.;  to  rise,  to  appear;  with  dat.  inf.  «= 
Jug^a  to  begin,  to  set  about  u  certain  work 
Tar,  125,  16. 

qa^-q-  oh^^-P^  wealth,  riches,  goods,  trea- 
Sures,  Jyyor-pa  zdd-nii-^es-pa  dan 
lddip-pa  one  possessing  inexhaustible  wealth, 
bd^-ba  dan  Jbydr-pa  joy  and  treasures  S,0.; 
Jyydr-pa  drug  Pth,,  prob.  six  kinds  of  tem- 
poral goods;  rdn-gi  Jbydr^a  Ina  and  y^^an- 
gyi  jyyoT  ' fa-lixa  five  subjective  and  live 
objective  goods,  of  a  similar  nature  as  those 
mentioned  sub  dalrjbyor^  yet  without  any 
evident  reason  for  being  thus  divided  Thgy,; 
Jnfor  -  Iddn  rich ,  mostly  used  as  a  noun 
personal. 

•^        '    ^^  intrs.   of  sbydr-ba  1.  to 

stick  to,  adhere  to  Med.;  */cydg4a  jar  sow*, 
it  is  frozen  fast  W,;  Jbydr  -  byed  spyin  glue 
Lex.;  Jbyor-sman  sticking-plaster  W.;  tO 
infect,  of  diseases,  Jbyor-nad  an  infectious 
disease  6i.  also  mentally:  %>  or  sem-lajar* 
it  sticks  fast,  is  remembered,  borne  in  mind. 


2.  to  be  prepared,  ready,  at  hand,  ex- 
tant, ^a  ma  bydr^-nas  there  being  no  meat 
prepared  DzL;  jprdl-du  Jbyor-ba  ma  yin 
that  is  not  at  once  in  readiness DsZ. ;  cijyydr- 
ba  des  mcdd-pa  bydd-pa  to  offer  sacrifice 
of  such  things  as  are  at  hand  DzL;  ci-ste 
Jyydr-bar  mi  ^gyur-na  but  if  he  has  not 
such  a  thing  at  his  disposal  Sambh,  —  3. 
to  agree,  ml-Jbydr-ba  fcd-dig  some  disagree- 
ments, contradictions  Tar,  —  II.  resp.  tO 
come,  arrive,  W.,  C;  */cyo''kyi  ku  dnn-du 
jdr-gyu  yin*  I  shall  appear  before  your 
Honour  C;  *nyi)r'du  jar  yon*  I  shall  im- 
mediately attend  6'. 

aSorq'  J^y^^'^^7  P^-  ^^^  i°ip«  h^k  f«it. 
^  (and  pres.  in  C)  dbyol  to  give  or 

make  way,  to  turn  out  of  the  way,  to  step 
aside,  ycig-gi^  ylig-la  DzL ;  Jbydl-te  ^o  in 
walking  I  make  way  (to  people)  DzL;  W. 
with  accus.:  *y*wZ,  las,  dig-pa  jdl-ce*  to  step 
out  of  the  way  of,  to  shun,  a  serpent,  toil, 
sin.    Sometimes  ^dlrba, 

S3'^  J^^^'9^  °'  ^^  ^  medicine  Med, 

R^gt'  Jyrah  v.  bran  II. 

QqC*^  M^'^'^yy^  ^^'  sacrifice,  ofiFer- 

^  >=^  ing  of  eatables. 
nHQ-n'  ^^dh-ba  1.  pf.  Jbrans^  imp.  Jyroh, 
^^  to  bear,  bring  forth,  give  birth;  to 
litter,  brdn-mx)  an  animal  going  with  young, 
bearing  Cs.  —  2.  also  Jyreh-ba^  pf.  Jbrahs, 
imp.  Jbreiis  MiL  {Jbrou  Sch.  f)  to  follow,  tO 
walk  at  another's  heels,  with  pyir,  pyi-bhin 
(-du)^  rjh'Su^  W.  *iin-la*  with  genit.,  tO 
follow,  pursue,  hunt  after,  dbyug-pas  with  a 
stick  Pth, ;  to  pursue,  in  one's  thoughts. 

aqi^-q-^  ^*>S'^'  o^^^'P^>  od^'<^'P<^->  pf- 

^H  1  '  A*^  1  frrarf,  imp.  6^rc?(/ to  scratch, 
to  scrape,  with  the  nails,  claws  etc.;  to 
lacerate  by  scratching,  ydon  DzL;  also  to 
gnaw,  nibble  at 

nqq-q-  ^brdb-pa^  pf.  brab^  inip.  bjvb  1. 
^  to  catch  suddenly,  to  snap  away, 
snatch  away,  a  fly  with  one's  hand,  the  prey 
with  a  bound.  -  2.  to  beat,  to  scourge,  fser- 
Icdg-gis  with  thorns  Thgy.  —  3.  to  throw 
OUl,  to  scatter,  magical  objects,  such  as  gi  ains 
of  barley  etc. 


400 


Q^QJ-q*  J^rdlria 


^^^  JM'fx*' 


qflOTfl'  oiraf-6a,  pf.  bral,  imp.  brol^  intrs. 

^  of  ^prdl '  ha,  to  be  Separated,  parted 
from,  deprived  of,  c.  dan,  e.g.  from  one's 
retinue,  of  the  light  of  doctrine  Dzl.\  JbrdU 
bar  mi  pod  bu-mo  Kyod  thou,  my  daughter, 
from  whom  I  am  not  able  to  part  G/n; 
cun-nvr-nas  pa-md  ynyis  dan  brdl-te  from 
a  child  bereft  of  parents,  an  orphan  from 
infancy  Pth.;  to  lose,  to  be  bereft,  frq.  used 
in  reference  to  the  death  of  near  relations; 
mdo-sdedan  Idg-pa  mi  brdl-Mn  as  the  sacred 
writings  never  came  out  of  his  hands;  skdm,- 
pa  dan  brdl-bar  ffyur-to  he  got  rid  of  his 
thirst;  nad  dan  brdl-bar  gyur-to  he  recover- 
ed from  his  illness,  frq.  (in  such  cases  often 
confounded  by  the  illiterate  with  ndd-las 
bsgral  etc.) ;  more  particularly :  srog  dan  etc. 
to  die,  perish,  frq.;  ^ig-Hh  JbrdUbar  ^gyiir- 
ba  to  be  dissolved,  of  the  human  body  DzL; 
Jku'ba  ydd-na  Jbral-bar  oh  what  was  solid, 
is  dissolved  in  dust  DzL\  Jyral^-bar)  med 
(-pa)  inseparable,  indissoluble,  &q. 
Qfl?T  o^^?  ^'  ^^^^  J)rd8-7nOy  resp.  baaji- 

^  Jbrds  {Pur.  ""bras'",  Ld.  *da8*^  LL 
*dai^,  C.  Vf*)  1.  rice;  QbraS'dkdr(-7no) -white 
rice,  Jyras-dmdr  red  rice  (the  inferior  and 
cheaper  sort);  of  the  former  there  seem  to 
be  distinguished:  Jbo-tsa-li {Ud.  "basmuti*), 
rgyalrino-ysdn/  ham-dz^,  ^dzin-Jtzin  the 
second  sort,  ace.  to  Cs. ;  ^brds-kyi  srus 
peeled  rice  Sch,;  J)ra8-8d-lu  'wild  rice'/ScA. ; 
^braS'SO-ba  ScL  and  Schr.,  rice  not  husked 
Jyrds-mo  spos-hel  or  dkar-^dzdm  Ts.  maize. 
Comp.  o6ras-ca^  rice- wine,  rice-beer.  — 
Jn^aS'Cdn  boiled  rice.  —  ha- Jbrds  rice  mixed 
with  small  pieces  of  meat.  —  Jbras-fug  rice- 
soup.  —  JyraS'Hh  rice-field.  —  jyras-zdn 
dish  of  rice.  —  Jbras-yds  parched  rice  Med, 
— JyraS'Sil  C.  boiled  rice,  got  up  with  butter, 
8uja;ai-,  apricots  etc.,  W,  *pu-ld,  pold*,  s^ 

—  2.  tumour,  esp.  larger  swellings  in  the 

groin  etc. 

aq^'!§C^'  >ras-/;(^  Cde-)6h*)  n.  p., 

^  ^    ^  Sikim. 
qq^^^'  o^(^'Spuns  n.  p.,  monastery 

***     5         near  Lhasa. 
Qq«j-q-  JbrdS'bu  1.  fruit,  e.g.  sin-gi  Mil; 

"^     "^   Jbrds-bu  ye-med-kyi  sa  a  country 


producing  no  fruit  Thgyr,  COm,  grain,  ^irai- 
bu  zor-bas  briid-ba  Mil, ;  ^bras-nan  a  feUore 
of  fruit.  —  2.  testicle  Wdn.  cf.  rlig^\  mg- 
Jbrds  apple  of  the  eye.  —  3.  fig.  effect,  CM- 
sequence,  esp.  as  op  p.  to  rgyu,  hence  rg^ 
Jbrds  cause  and  effect,  more  esp.  in  moral 
philosophy  =>  retribution,  requital,  recom- 
pense, reward,  three  grades  being  distin- 
guished :  1 .  mdm-par  smir^ai  Jbrds-bu  fall 
recompense,  in  the  worst  case  by  the  punish- 
ments of  hell;  2.  rgyu  bfun^ai  ^brds-bu^j 
adversity  during  life;  3.  dbdn-gi  Jyrds-bu 
by  unpleasant  local  circumstances,  —  so 
Thyy. ;  ryyu-^brds  and  Jbrds-bu  also  directly 
denote  the  doctrine  of  final  retribution,  Jfrca- 
bu  mi  bden  the  doctrine  of  requital  is  not 
true  Thffy,\  further:  ^J/'o^-iu  reward  of  as- 
cetic exercises,  the  various  grades  of  per- 
fection, of  which  four  are  distingaished: 
a.  rgyun-du-hugs-pa  M\^mVfi  ^^  ^  partic 
oqif,  he  who  enters  the  stream  (that  takeg 
from  the  external  world  to  Nirwana);  b. 
lan-yHg-pyir-^&n-ba  iTV^pRnf^)  ^^  "^^^ 
returns  once  more  (for  the  period  of  a 
human  birth);  Q.pyir'mi-,on'-ha'^^[W({9[tilf^ 
he  M'ho  returns  no  more,  being  a  candidate 
of  Nirwana;  d.  dgra-bbom-pa  m|^>  ^^ 
Arhat,  the  finished  saint;  v.  £2^.1,398. 
or  onC'  o^  "  ^^  ^^  -gun  sect  of 
^  >J  Lamas  and  monastery  in 
Tibet,  Jm-Kun-pa  member  of  that  sect 
qSt;'  Jbri-ta  a  form  of  medicine,  prob.  a 
^  '  kind  of  extract  Med, ;  ^bri-tasa-^dzm 
medicinal  herb,  an  emetic,  Med,;  in  Ul 
Cuscuta,  which  however  does  not  agree 
with  the  descriptions. 
oS'n'  Jbri-ba,  I.  pf.  and  imp.  bri,  intrs.  of 
oPri'ba  to  lessen,  decrease,  diminish, 
of  water,  frq.  in  conjunction  with  lea,  at 
the  surface, used  with  regard  tosize,namber 
and  intensity  (synon.  off^^^^-  —  ^-  P^* 
and  imp.  bris  {Glr,  also  bri)  1.  to  draw, 
design,  describe,  dkyU-Jtor  big  to  describe 
a  circle  or  other  figure;  also  to  paint  Gk, 
i.  to  write,  yi-ge  letters,  a  letter  (epistle); 
yi-gef^  ^Uteris  mandare\  to  record,  to  write 
down,  something  from  hearing  DzL:  Jbri- 
smyug  writing-reed,  pen,  pencil  etc. 


c^r 


Jbri'ino 


0^' 


^  rgod'-Jbri  Pth.y  or  Jyfyn-Jbj-i  Cs.^ 
wild  female  yai;  Jni-zal  young  female  yak 
LdL'Ohr.^  Jbri-o  yak-milk;  Jm-mar  yak- 
butter;  Jm-mdzo  (W,  *6Wm-(feo*)  bastard 
of  bull  and  yak. 

C^^^^Jm-mdg  medicinal  herb  Med. 

Jynn  middle,  midst,  mean,  middling, 
moderate,  Jyrin  zig  something  mode- 
rate, of  middling  quality,  =  fsdd-ma  or  fig- 
fsad  W,\  brin-po  the  middle  one,  of  three 
sons  Dzl.  and  elsewh.;  between  stobsbSsjid 
iun-hu Lt;  bzan  nan  Jbrin ysum\  mal-Jby&r 
JyiHn-po  one  that  is  moderately  advanced 
in  contemplation  Thgr, ;  zld-ba  Jbrin-po  v, 
zlorba',  Jmn-gis  middling,  moderately,  adv. 

Q^-,-,  Jyrin-ha^  in  iabs- Jbrin  byidrpa  for 

^  bf^dh'ba  MiL 

-^-™  Jnidrpa  1.  also  ^drid-pa,  p{.  brid, 
^^  to  deceive,  cheat,  impose  upon,  bl/> 
J»idrpa  id.  Glr.;  Jbrtd-de  rnodrpa-las  Tar,^ 
as  she  wanted  to  seduce  him  deceitfully; 
Ka-mnar-brid  deceitfully,  insidiously  sweet, 
being  followed  by  a  nauseous,  acrid  or 
burning  taste  Med.  —  2.  Cs.  =  ^pri-ba. 

JMfmrpa^  I.  vb.,  pf.  brim(ji)  1.  to 
distribute,  deal  out,  hand  round, 
sweet -meats,  flowers,  poems  DzL^  Tar.; 
...  fa,  to ...  —  2.  Ld.  to  throw  away,  what 
is  worthless,  =  *pdn'Ces*.  —  II.  sbst  dis- 
tributer, dispenser,  waiter  at  table  Dzl. ;  Jnim 
(-ya)  -j)0,  id.  Cs. 

qrr  o*»^  9"^'"'  ^"^J  ^^^^  *^^*5  grain  of 
^  sand,  byi-ma  Jbru  rei  stM-na  on  every 
grain  of  sand  Glr.-,  Jyru  Jag-pa  to  pound 
grains  Lex.  —  2.  a  single  grain,  piece,  letter, 
yi-ge  Jyru  yUg  a  single  letter ;  also  without 
yi-ge:  Jyru  drug  the  six  letters  «=  yi-g^ 
drug-pay  v.  drug.  —  3.  collectively,  grain, 
com,  in  gen.  Jbrui  Kal  a  load  of  grain  Dzl.\ 
Jbru -ma  mi  Jiruns  no  kind  of  grain  is 
growing  G/r.;  Jbru  gdh-bu-ban  pulse,  le- 
gume S.g. ;  nor  dan  Jh^-mams  ^pel  money 
and  cx)m  multiply.  —  Jbru-rd^g  grain  of 
seed.  —  Jyru -ma  v.  above.  —  Jbru -bah 
granary.  —  Jyi'VrJbu  corn-worm,  weevil  (a. 


0^^^ 


[^'i 


.  1 


U.' 


Jbritm-pa 


401 


r  T^cA^ 


iuiM.:H-^^ 


^OT 


Jyru-mdr  oil  extracted  from  seeds;  lamp- 
oil  Dzl.  —  Jbru-fsoh-pa  oil-merchant. 

Jyrvrtdriy  n.  of  a  superior  sort  of 

tea. 

Jbru-ba,  bru-bay  pf.  and  imp 
x^  No  bn^^  ^drii-bay  drus  1.  to  dig, 
Kiin-buy  dury  don  (cf.  rkd-ba).  —  2.  to  chisel, 
carve,  cut  —  3.  Sch.  to  look  through,  yig 
a  writing;  to  examine,  Jyru  grain;  hence 
mfsan  Jyrurba  to  spy  out,  smell  out,  faults, 
stirring  up  brawls  and  quarrels  by  it,  Stg. 
to  irritate,  vex,  provoke,  mtsan  Jyru-bai  ^ig 
provoking  words  Lea. ;  snyady  snyon  Jyru- 
ba  to  accuse  W. 

qg'5|*  Jyrli-ma  tumour,  swelling,  weal  &ch. 

Qq.j^-  Jyru-fsa  an  angular  kind  of  Tibetan 
^       current  handwriting,  v.  CsomaGram. 

^3'^,    C^^o^«^  o*^-^«  V.  bru- 
"^  ^^       sa. 

Jynig  {Bal.  *blug*)  1.  thunder,  o^^^^- 
skdd,  Jbrugsgrd  id. ;  skad-'Sen  Jbrug 
loud  thunder;  Jbrug  Jb6d-pa  Cs.,  grdg-pa 
Dzly  Idir-ba  Lex.  and  elsewh.,  thundering. 
—  2.  dragon  (to  which  thunder  is  ascribed 
ScA.);  yyu-Jyrkg  mon-po  blue  dragon  Glr 
Q— j-.«,  Jyrkg-pa  I.  sbst.  1.  sect  Of  Lamas, 
^'  clothedin  red,  iScAZ.73.,  established 
in  the  province  of  Bhotan,  ace.  to  &ch.  = 
za-dma/ry  =  sdskya.  —  2.  Bhotan.  — 
II.  vb.  for  Jbrub-pa  Mil.  frq. 

^3S'^  ^6rw<i-pa,  =  Jyru-bay  also  jdHid-pa. 

aflfl'n'  o*^*^?^  1-  8^°'  ^^^  ^'  *®  cause 
^  to  overflow,  to  gush,  to  spout  forth 
to  flow  over,  Mil,  Tar.  and  elsewh.;  cu- 
Jbrub  Lex.y  Jbruhs  Sch.  water  that  has  flown 
over(?).  Jynib-po  fluid,  liquid;  fluidity,  a  fluid, 
Cs.  (?).  —  2.  Cs.  to  deal  out.  —  3.  Sch.  to 
shut  up,  wrap  up. 

Jyriim-pa  1.  Cs.  grain,  minute  par- 
^z\^,Jymmrrdog,  Jbru-rdog  a  single 
grain,  =  Jbru;  fruit,  rgun-Jyrum  grape;  se- 
Jyriim  hip  (fruit  of  wild  brier)  S^.  —  2. 
pustule,  pock,  gen.  Jbr{m-bu\  Jbrum-n>ad 
small -pox;  Jbrum-ndg  black  or  deadly 
small-pox;  Jyrum-dkdr  white  small-pox; 
Jbrum-Urd  coloured  small-pox  Med.y  Jyrum- 


{■-r 


qgsrq- 


S'if' 


402 


qg$|'ffl'$f  Jbrum-Viormo 


pa  and  Jyrum^fa  ndg-po  as  name  of  a 
disease  of  the  groin,  prob.  bubo  Med,  — 
Jyram-TJes  pock-mark.  —  Jyrumr^o  a  large 
grain  (k,;  Jbrttm-bu  a  small  grain;  pock, 
pustule,  V.  above. 

QOXyfff^  JyTum-Xha-Tno  Sch,  a  tutelar 
^  ^  goddess  of  little  children,  wor- 
shipped by  the  Shamans. 

nB'O'  o^^ "  ^^^  pf-  ^^^  ^P-  ^^  *®  ^'^^ 
^  over  or  before,  to  spread,  to  stretch, 
a  net  Glr,y  a  curtain  Glr.^  a  canopy,  awn- 
ing L^.;  to  wrap  a  thing  up  in  a  cloth,  in 
order  to  carry  it,  as  books,  a  corpse  Thgy. 
qBqrq-  M^g-V^,  pf.  i^eg{%\  imp.  hrog{i), 
^  '  also  ^drig-pa  to  cut  off,  kin-ta-lai 
lo^ma  bregS'-pa  a  plantain  branch  cut 
ofiF,  as  representing  a  being  irremediably 
cut  oflF  from  its  former  state  of  existence 
Mil;  to  mow  ScL;  of  parts  of  the  body: 
ske  to  cut  ofiF  a  person's  neck  Thgr.,  po- 
mtsdn  the  membrum  virile  Schr.j  rtai  sug- 
pa  the  foot  of  a  horse,  prob.  only  the  ten- 
don of  it,  as  much  as  to  lame,  to  disable 
Glr.'j  also  to  sever  with  a  saw;  most  frq. 
in  reference  to  the  hair,  to  cut  o£F,  to  shave, 
with  the  scissors  or  a  razor,  skra  dan  M- 
spu  frq.;  Jbrig-mlian  barber,  hair-cutter  DzL; 
Jbreg^spydd  a  sharp  small  knife  Sch, 
ohz^t^  M^'V^  ^'9  6r^n-6a  strap,  Pope, 
^  ko-J>r4h  leather  strap;  sa-Jbren 

Mil.;  Jyreh'tag  Cs.  cane-ribbon,  made  of 
buck-leather;  leading-rope,  guide-line.  — 
Jbren-bu  Cs,  cobbler's  strap. 
QyC^'Cf*  Jbr^-ba  frq.  for  Jyrdn-ba, 

q^QJ-  Jbrel  sbst.  v.  JyriUba  II. 

C^So^-q'  Jyrd-paZMf\tfi&My  conjunction,  yet 
'^  only  in  certain  applications:    1. 

connection  between  cause  and  effect,  used 
also  at  once  for  effect,  consequence,  efficacy, 
STn&n-larnrgyi  Jyrd-pa  the  etficacy  of  prayer 
Mil,  frq. ;  Jog-pa  to  apply,  make  use  of  it 
Mil,  —  2.  the  vascular  and  nervous  system 
conjunctively,  the  two  systems  in  their  to- 
tality, ni  f.,  Med,  —  3.  genitive  case,  the 
sixth  case  of  Tibetan  Grammarians,  ^br^lr 
pai  sgra^  the  termination  of  it,  h/i,  —  4.  a 
small  quantity,  a  little,  a  bit,  zds-kyi  Jbrd- 


Q^'  Jbr&n 

pa  hig  dgo$  I  ask  for  a  little  bit  to  eat  JfiL 
frq.;  ^os^-kyi)  JbriV^-pcC)  fdb^pa  to  snatch 
up  a  little  bit  of  religion  Mil. 
(iBorn'  o^^^"^^  I-  ^^'5  intrs.  of  «Wi-fto, 
^  1.  to  hang  together,  to  cohere,  to 
be  connected,  rtsa  dan  rus-pa  tsam  Jbrilrba 
connected  only  by  veins  and  bones,  nothing 
but  skin  and  bone  DzL;  ^od-zir-gyi  drd- 
bas  JyriUte  covered  with  a  continuous  net 
of  rays  Qlr,;  gen.  with  daw,  boddanrgj/<d 
Jyril-fsul  the  connection  with,  or  the  inter- 
course between  Tibet  and  China  Ghr,;  de 
dan  Jbrel-bai  las  the  functions  connected 
with,  and  peculiar  to  (a  certain  organ)  LL; 
Jyrel-mfsams  1.  joint,  or  rivet  of  pincers  etc 
S.g.  2.  boundary,  W.  —  2.  to  come  together, 
to  meet,  to  join,  J/ril-ytam  gossipings  in 
meeting  on  the  road  MiL  —  3.  to  meet 
sexually,  to  cohabit,  de  dan  his  JyriUba  to 
cohabit  with  (him  or  her)  Glr.;  (Ihan-du) 
J)rd''ba'laJ(ji)bu  skyes  they  having  cohabited, 
a  child  was  born  Glr.  —  II.  sbst.  JbrMd 
or  ^brel  union,  communication,  connection, 
bod  dan  Jyrel  byun  the  union  with  Tibet 
took  place  Glr,\  rgya  bod  yngis  Jbrel  cad 
the  union  ceases  Glr,;  *nar^4l  bd-hSy  nor- 
d^l-la  M'be*  W,^  to  form  a  mercantile  con- 
nection, to  enter  into  commercial  intercourse. 

—  las- Jyrel  =  las-^pro  q.v.  —  ynyis-JM^ 
ysum-Jyrd  a  double,  triple  consonant,  e.g, 
sky  skr, 

qS^  o^^9  solitude,  wilderness,  unculthrat- 
^  '  ed  land,  esp.  summer-pasture  for  cattle 
in  the  mountains;  thus  Jbrog-skyon-ba  lA- 
Glr,^  Schl.  15, 6  might  imply:  to  attend  to 
a  mountain  dairy;  gdmrjyrog  a  near,  rgym- 
Jyrog  a  remote  summer-pasture;  JbrogSgi 
Cs.  a  large  shaggy  shepherd's  dog;  Jtrdg- 
dgouy  Jyrdg-stoh,  J)r6g-sa  =  Jbrog.  JMg- 
ynas  1.  pasture^land  2.  people  occupying  it 

—  Jbrdg-pa^  Jbrdg-miiA,;  more  particularly, 
inhabitants  of  the  steppe,  nomadic  Tibetans 
Sch,^  Jbrdg-mo  wife,  jyrog -prUg  child  of 
such  a  nomad.  —  Jbrog-idd  Sch.  rude, 
rough,  boorish,  Jbrog-had  ston-pa  to  be 
rude  etc. 

^      yak  GZr.;  bydn-llai  Jbron^  the  yak  of 


0^'  Jbrom 

Jang-thaog ;  Jbroh-Jbri  cow,  Jbron-prug  calf, 
Jbroh'ko  skin,  leather,  Jbron-ha  flesh,  Jbron- 
ru  or  -ra  ©Zr.  horns  of  the  wild  yak.  — 
2,  V.  Jyrdh'ha, 

ajji;!*  o^^**^^  noun  personal;  Jbromr^ton  a 
^  celebrated  Lama  and  scholar  in  the 
1 1  th.  century. 

qgftrq-  Jbrds-fa^  pf.  and  imp.  Jtm,  to  flee, 
^  to  run  awiy  (W.  *^or-^^*),  Jbrds- 
sin  gdb-pa  to  flee  and  hide  one's  SftM  DzL; 
fyir  ^brda-so  (the  army)  took  to  flight  Glr,; 
Jbnk^cd  ynas  Dzl.,  Jn^ds-sa  Glr,  place  of 
refuge;  fig.  mig  Utin^u  bros  his  eyes  are 
sunk,  hollow  S.g.  —  Jyros-ha  a  large  dorsal 
muscle  Med,  —  ynyid-Jyrds-pa  -=  ynifidr- 
log^aO)  Dzl.  ^L,  9. 

S\  rba  V.  dba. 

a/;'  rbad  1.  Sch,  a  large  species  of  eagles. 
^  —  2.  T7.  crutch,  =  pah  -  ka.  —  3.  = 
rbab.  —  4.  great  (?)  v.  ka-rbad;  rbadnsgra 
a  strong  voice  ScL;  cf.  rbod-rbdd,  —  5. 
quite,  wholly,  entirely(?)  rbdd-ycodrpa,  rbad- 
ts^  ybodrpa  Mil,  to  cut  off  entirely,  to  ex- 
tirpate; *fag'io  Jf'-?©"*  resolute  C. 
xc*^n^  rbad-skydgs  Sch.  residue,  resldu- 

^^'      um,  dregs,  husks  etc. 
ffrzr  rbddrpa  1.  vb.,  imp.  rbod^  to  set  OR, 

^  Incite,  Tar,,  C,  e.g.  kyi;  to  exclte, 
instigate,  animate,  Cs.;  rbadrka  S,g,  an  in- 
citing talk  (?).  —  2.  adj.  undulating,  undu- 
latoiy  Sch, 

rbadrrbdd^fhkk,  dense,  close,  strong, 
great  Cs.,  skra  rbad-rbdd  Lex, 
sfv  rbab,  1.  Med.y  Sch.:  a  kind  of  dropsy, 
skyarrbdb  Sch,,  also  ha-rbab  Lt,  id.(?) 
—  2.  ttie  rolling  down,  also  rbad,  e.g.  rdo- 
rbdb  loose  stones  rolling  down,  a  frequent 
annoyance  in  high  mountains  Pth.y  rbab  hi- 
ba$  after  the  rolling  of  detritus  had  ceased 
MU,;  *bad  pog  son*  a  piece  of  rock  rolling 
down  hit  himT^.;  rbah  sgriUba  Lex,  to  roll 
down,  trs.;  rbdb-pa  id.  intrs.;  mdr-la  rbdb- 
tu  ior  it  rolled  down  and  away  Mil, 

^'  rbe  Sch.  the  fur  of  the  stone-fox'. 


S^Sf  sbdr-mo 


403 


^^ 


Jf  rbo  Sch,  milt  of  fish. 


^1  ?in  r 


fl^'  rbod  V.  rbddrpa.       ^  -i 

Qnq-  Ibd-ba  1.  wen,  goHrc.  —  2.  knots,  ex- 
^  crescenses  on  trees,  on  account  of  their 
speckled  appearance  often  worked  into  drink- 
ing-bowls;  Jha-fsa  Med,,  prob.  a  kind  of 
salt,  used  as  a  curative  of  goitre, 
opfr  Ibag  bubbles  (?),  *2u  bag  gydb-ie*  to 
^  '  strike  the  water,  so  as  to  make  it 
splash  and  foam  W, 

arn*  ^a*^'  Ibu^a,  dbii-ba  bubble,  foam, 
^  '  ^  froth,  slaver;  cii-^Z/ea?.;i6w- 
bba^  nyuh  producing  little  froth  Lt,',  Ibu- 
ba  bsdlr-ba  to  scum  or  skim  off  Ci.;  grogs 
^-yi  Ibu-ba  dan  Jtra  a  friend  is  like  water- 
bubbles. 

S"  sba  V.  sfpa, 

^^^  sba-ndgSch.  a  mean  house,  hovel,  hut 

«r«-  sbd'ba  1.  vb.  fut.  of  sbedrpa  q.v.  — 
^      2.  sbst.  privy  parts,  pudenda  Stg. 
Ksnrn'  sbdg-pa,  pf.  sbags,  imp.  sbogs  (cf. 
o^^9'P^)y  to  soil?  ^>ny  defile,  pollute, 
dri-mas  Lex.  —  2.  to  mingle,  intermix.  Lex, 

SC'^'  sbdh'ba  v.  sbdh-ba. 

xjT'^^r  sbdn-vm  malt  from  which  beer  has 
^^  been  brewed,  v.  ^ah]  sban-skdm  id. 
dried,  sbah-pyi  id.  reduced  to  flour  (of  an 
inferior  quality)  Cs.;glum'sbdh  Ts.  =  sbdh- 
ma]  sban-hb  barm  prepared  from  it  W. 
5jr^  sbans  dung  of  larger  animals,  rtai 
^^  sbahs  Glr,  (^stal'bdn(s)*  Ld.),  ban- 
sbahs,  glan-po-iei  sbans  Cs,;  sbahs-Uid  id., 
used  for  manure;  sbahs-skdm  id.  dried  for 
fuel. 

^q-T*  sbdb'da  C,  ^sbab-ja*  W.  a  certain 
^  number  or  quantity  of  trading-ar- 

ticles, e.g.  of  paper,  a  quire  of  10 — lOOsheets, 
a  bundle  of  matches  etc. 
SSI'^'  *^^^"P^^  pf-  sbamSy  imp.  sboms^  to 
^  put  or  place  together,  to  collect,  to 
gather,  pyogs  yHg-tu  Lex, ;  smyug-ma  sbdms- 
pa  ^dra  like  reeds  laid  together  Wdn. 

S^'^'  sbdr-ba,  v.  sb&r-ba. 

S^'^  sbdr-mo  v.  spdr-mo, 

26* 


404 


gar 


ibal 


Cr  sbM-pa 


mjpr  sbal  {perh.  the  same  as  the  following 
^  sbalrpd)^  Idg-pai  the  soft  muscles  of 
the  inner  hand,  cf.  also  pyagsbal;  the  soft 
part  of  the  paw  of  animals. 
yp^^v  and  ^  ^f>dlrpa  and  -ba  frog  (rather 
^  scarce  in  Tibet),  one  Lex. 

mJJiZ,  crab,  crawfish  (?) ;  sbdl^a  dkdr-po  Stg. 
stated  to  be  a  large  species  of  frog;  ndgs^ 
sbalLt  prob.  tree-frog;  riis-sbal  tortoise; 
sbal-liun  or  -Icon  Pth.  1 .  a  young  frog,  tad- 
pole Ck.  2.  vulg.  (from  ignorance)  lizard ; 
sbdirrgydb  S.ff.  tortoise-shell. 

sbal-mig  bud,  eye,  gem,  sprout, 
shoot,  ^f on  comes  forth,  Jye  opens 
%. 

^]^-2T  9f>^drpa  Ts.  for  sbudrpa  bellOWS,  in- 
^  '       strument  for  blowing. 
«ff«m«  sbu^gu  hollow,  cavity,  in  the  stem  of 


5PTOrwr  ^^^'f^  (*iw-Aajf*)  1 


the 


f 


[  vj  a  plant  or  a  grass-blade  Mil. 
'^T  ibiirba  v.  Urur-ba. 

~Qf—  sb^la-Ha  Ts.  =  bkorbhri'sram  sable, 
^      '     mvsiela  zibeUina. 
•rgjy  sbu-lhdn  Ts.  (*bu'hlm*)  plane,  tool 
5  ^      used  in  joinery. 

«iBrr3S&j'    5icr;Mj'   «W-^<^^5  sbub-M  Cs., 

1  '        '   1  '   %%.>r(?)Ld.- 

Gfo-.;  *sbug'idl^  sbum-idl*  W.  large  brass 

cymbal;  *dw»-^^,  j^db-h^  W.  to  play  the 

cymbals.. 

Kprq*  sbiig-pa  =  JrUgs^a^  to  perforate,  to 

^  '      pierce. 

S^(S^)^  ^^-(j^^-ypo  Ck.  hollow. 

OTi/^N  sbug(s)^  more  frq.  sftwis,  holloW, 
^'^  ^  cavity,  excavation,  interior  space, 
Ifunrbui  Lex.  tubular  cavity,  in  bones  etc. 
S.g.\  subterraneous  passage,  conduit,  sewer 
6'.;  sbubs-su  ojy^-pcti  sbubs-nas  J6n-pa  to 
put  into  an  underground  hole  or  recess, 
to  come  forth  from  it  GZr.,  Mil."^  sbug- 
tu  nor  sbd'ba  to  hide  money  in  such  a 
place  Leo;.;  hiding-place,  hidden  recess, =$an- 
sen;  hole  for  inserting  the  handle  of  some 
instrument  Sch.;  hdns  kyi  sbubs  ynyis  hollow, 
expanded  nostrils  Cs.;  sbiths-Jbydr  Med. 
disease  of  the  penis,  prob.  stoppage  of  its 
orifice  by  gonorrhoea,  cf.  m)e. 


panting  of  a  dog  St*.  —  2. 
with  a  large  and  nearly  globular  bell-moQih 
W.  — 

Bjfr!:v  sbudrfa  1.  vb.  to  light,  kindle,  set  sn 
5  ^  fire,  seldom,  Lex. :  mi-  ias  dmd-pa 
q.y.  —  sbst.  bellows,  usually  consisUDg  o{ 
two  skin-bags,  the  orifices  ofwhich  are  open- 
ed and  shut  by  the  bands,  and  which  are  then 
squeezed  together,  so  that  the  compressed 
air  passing  through  a  tube  is  driven  into 
the  fire;  sbudrpa  Jbitd-pa  Cs.  or  rgydn-ba 
Sch.  to  blow  or  work  the  bellows;  ^md- 
rgydl  =  sbitdrpa.    Kiww*^  £  . 

S<3r^  sbimrpa  v.  sptin-pa. 

g|AX|£yg'  sbun-ytSr  Pth.  a  small  building 
^  '    '/      in  the  style  of  a  monument,  in 
which  sacred  writings  are  deposited. 
Kff;r  <^2^  ant  Cs.^  prob.  identical  with  the 
5      following  (cf.  ffrdg-sbur). 
«f;^jPT-  sbur^a  beetle,  Si-«6ttriS.^.;«6ttr-Sf«, 
5         -^in,  -dmar^  -^^i^V^  Cs-,  denoting 
various  kinds  of  beetles. 
S^Sr  ^^'•-WMJ,  =  sbun-pa^  chaff,  husks  etc; 
5         rluh'ffis  sbttr-ma  bus-pa  Itar  DzL^ 
s6g  -  sbur  his  yy^-ba  Uar  Pth.  like  chaff 
scattered  by  the  wind,   carried  along  by 
the  water;  sbur-Un  or  -Un  amber  Wts. 

S^  sbi-ga  Lex.  w.e. 


^q*  sbi-ba  Sch.  to  scuffle,  wrestle. 
^^^  sbiff-pa  lean,  lank,  thin  S.g. 

^s'^r  sb^drpa^  pf.  sbcu,  fut  and  common 
^  '  secondary  form  sba,  imp.  sboSj  W. 
*sbd'be*y  pf  sbasy  to  hide,  conceal,  ftet  a 
treasure,  mdzdcMu  in  a  store-house;  rnd- 
mo  sb^dr-pai  ptig  cavern  in  which  a  Mamo 
is  concealed  MU. ;  dpiih-gi  tsogs  tsdlrdu  to 
conceal  troops  in  a  wood  Dzl. ;  yt^-du  to 
deposit  as  a  treasure  Glr.',  sat  ^djr-ft*  in 
the  ground  Dzl. ;  also  as  much  as  to  inter, 
to  bury  DzL;  *sbdS''te  or  be-te  bor-t^  W. 
=  sb^drpa;  *sbds-te*  secretly,  clandestinel)r, 
by  stealth  W.;  mi  sdig-ban-la  lus  sbajyir 
in  order  to  hide  our  form  before  sinful  mm, 
in  order  not  to  be  recognized  by  them  MU-'j 


to  hide  from,  to  guard,  secure,  protect  from, 
iruh'-zin  sbd-ba  id.;  to  keep,  preserve,  sba- 
m-med-par  (to  bestow)  freely,  amply, 
without  restriction. 

^r*»*  sbid-ma  a  veiled  woman;  name  of  a 
^  wife  of  Buddha  a 
^  $bo  Sch.  the  upper  part  of  the  belly;  sbo-' 
.  ^  tnl  bacQn  C;  sbo^kun^a  pickpocket  C. 
K^q-  sbd^a  pf.  sbos  =  Jb6-ba  2,  to  swell(up), 
^  to  distend,  llM)a  sboa  Lt.  the  belly  is 
swollen,  turgid ;  Ad-Jcrog-fa  Sch.  'to  wheeze 
from  inflation' (?). 

^C^-^  9b<^ff(8)'pa  V.  sbdff-pa;  rdh-gi 
^  '^  ^  b^t9a^^f9i^6g  Mil.,  seems  to 
imply  a  man  that  is  receiving  abusive  lan- 
guage from  his  own  sonsC?). 
gr'n*  ibdn-ba^  pf.  sbans^  fut.  sban  to  steep 
^  in  water,  to  soak,  to  drench;  %dn- 
te  bof*  W.  soak  it  in  water! 

^•q'  sbdd^a  tassel,  tuft 

^;rCT  sbdm-pa^  more  frq.  sbdm-po  thick, 
^  pra-ba-las  zLog  sbdm-po  Zam.  the 
contrary  to  prd-ba  is  8b&mrpo\  &bom^d  dan 
riii-fun  mnyam  of  equal  length  and  thick- 
ness DzL ;  stout;  coarse,  clumsy,  heavy,  also 
applied  to  sins;  sb&m-ma  a  stout  woman 
C^.;  sbst.  thickness,  stoutness,  heaviness, 
^x -q-  sbdr^a,  pf.,  fut.  and  secondary  form 
^'^  sbar,  trs.  of  Jbdr-ba^  to  light,  kindle, 
inflame. 

sbdr-lo  Anemone  polyantha  Lh. 


SC'q*  sbydn-ba 


405 


S^'Sf. 


SC'^  sbydn-ba  v.  sby&n-ba, 

S^^  sbydr-ba  v.  sbyor-ba, 

^xrzv  Aydr-pa  Wdn,^  n.  of  a  tree,  prob.  = 
9         dbydr-pa. 

SPT^  sbyig-pa^  sbyig-mo  Lex.  w.  e. 

'CT  Ayirtrfa^  I.  vb.,  pf.  and  imp.  byin^ 
1.  to  give,  to  bestow  (in  B.  a  common 
word,  in  W.  almost  unknown;  yet  v.  smin- 
pa  n.),  without  any  ceremonial  difference 
between  high  and  low;  to  hand,  deliver;  to 
ghre  up,  deliver  over;  to  give  back,  give  for 
a  present;  to  offer,  proffer,  hold  out,  rin-la 
byin-no  he  offered  as  an  equivalent  Pth.; 


ma  byirirpar  mi  Un-^a  v.  dgi-ba,  —  2.  to 
add,  to  sum  up  Wdk.  — 

n.  sbst.  gift,  present,  alms;  the  expression 
sbyiftrfa  ysum  comprises:  zan-zin-^gi  the 
bestowing  of  goods,  ^i-^^t^rs-pat  the  afford- 
ing of  protection,  and  cds-kyi  sbgiiv-pay  the 
giving  of  moral  instruction  C«.,  sbyin-ytdn 
distribution  of  gifts,  sbyin-yton  fevirpo  byed- 
pa  DzL  —  sbyin-bdag  dispenser  of  gifts, 
more  especially  in  the  first  beginnings  of 
Buddhism  a  layman  manifesting  his  piety 
by  making  presents  to  the  priesthood,  v. 
Kdpp.  1,487,  and  in  almost  all  legends;  also 
the  reverse,  len-pa  the  receh^er  of  gifts, 
Dulva  V.  Feer  Introd.  p.  71.  —  sbyin-sreg^ 
fpR,  burnt-offering,  v.  Was.  (194),  Schl. 
251  sqq. 

S*  sJyw,  sometimes  for  sgyu  Sch, 

r'n*  ^^<^^'J>0"i  pf.  sbyanSy  fut.  sbyan  n|\| 
1.  to  clean,  remove  by  cleaning,  clear 
away,  as  ^ddg-pa^  esp.  sdig-^pa  Tar.^ 
sgrib(-'pa)  Thgy.;  less  frq.  in  a  physical 
sense,  e.g.  removing  phlegm  by  vomiting 
Med.y  Jiira-^bydm  diarrhoea Lex.'^  to  cleanse, 
sbgdn-byed  1 .  cleansing,  purifying,  ran  sbyon- 
byed'kyi  hes-rab  Mil.  the  knowledge  how 
a  man  may  be  purified  by  his  own  doings. 
2.  Med.:  purging  medicine.  —  2.  to  remove, 
take  away,  in  a  general  sense  C%.\  to  sub- 
tract, de-mams  fig-mtsams  sbyan-ste  Wdk.^ 
60  being  subtracted,  cf.  ^pri-ba;  tO  cease, 
of  diseases  Med.  —  3.  to  exercise,  to  train, 
bio  one's  mind  Cs.y  Ka  one's  mouth,  hence 
Ua-sbydn  eloquence  Mil.  (having  reference 
also  to  ka-yhdn  q.  v.);  snon  ydn-tan  sbydm- 
pa  sdn-bai  mfus  by  dint  of  formerly  culti- 
vated abilities  Glr. ;  fugsydns-su  sbydns-pai 
skyh-bu  Mil.  a  saint  of  a  thoroughly  culti- 
vated (or  purified)  mind;  to  exercise,  to 
practise,  da -run  sbyah  dgos  that  must  be 
practised  still  better;  to  study,  sde-sndd-la 
the  holy  scriptures  Mil. ,  and  with  accus. 
yiun4ugs  Tar.  14,9  (where  by  an  stands); 
rtsiS'la  sbydn-ba  to  learn  mathematics  Pth.; 
to  practise,  to  perform;  to  recite,  to  repeat, 
formulas,  b^ar-sbydn  byidrpa  Mil.,  *kor)an 
bd-de*  W.;  to  accustom,  familiarize,  *mi  dan 


^  .-  ■■  (  y 


406 


g^'q*  abydr-ba 


% 


sbra 


jan-Han*  accustomed  to  man,  tame,  also 
without  *mi  dan*  W,;  *)an'Mydd^  custom, 
use,  habit  W.  —  4.  to  accumulate  (?)  Cs.  — 
5.  to  conjure  to  the  spot,  to  call  by  magic  (?) 
Tar.  76,15  ScA/.       • 

fx'n*  sbydr-ba  I.  vb ,  pf.  and  fiit.  sbyar^ 
W.  *idr'd^y  trs.  of  Jbyor-ba^  1.  to 
affix,  attach,  fasten,  stick,  a  writing,  a  plaster 
W,:  *har  gyab-be*;  to  apply  Ide-rtse  dkdn- 
la  Gram.;  fig.  bid-lay  sema-la  to  impress; 
^kdr-ya  dan*  to  SOlder  W.;  *zer  gydb-lahor* 
nail  it  fast!   W,;  *me'-8kdm  zar  fsar*  the 
trigger  is  drawn  W,;  to  put  on,  a  plaster, 
V.  above,  an  arrow  on  the  bow-string;  to 
subjoin,  take  up,  resume,  a  subject  in  a  treatise 
!r%.,  Tar.  127,14;  to  put  together,  to  join, 
unite,  HiS'pa  cdg-pa  Med.y  dbdn-po  ynyis 
V.  sub  II.;  to  compile,  compose,  a  book;  Ua 
1.  to  close,  shut,  one's  mouth,  ~  ^fdrm-^a 
Pth.    2.  to  kiss  C;  to  insert,  to  dispose  in 
proper  classes  or  divisions  G-ram,^  byd-bai 
Sffra  ma  sbyar  yan  also  without  the  Mord 
bya  being  added;  bde-ba-la,  byan-iSub-la 
M;.,like  ^ffddrpad;  to  join,  connect,  combine, 
words,  letters;   fsig  de  don  dan  sbydr-tsa- 
na  if  these  sentences  are  joined  with  their 
significations,  i.ei  if  their  explanation  is 
given  MiL;  rtsis-su  to  count  together,  to  sum 
up  Dzl. ;  sbydr-lay  gen.  written  zor-la^  joined, 
connected,  combined,  *fsig  nyi  sum  zdr-la 
yon*  two  or  three  words  are  found  joined 
to  one  another;  this  word  is  frq.  used  to 
express  simultaneousness  of  action,  where 
in  English  expressions  as  ^along  with',  'to- 
gether with',   'at  the  same  time'  etc.  are 
used:   h&r-la  ^grd-ba  to  go  along  with 
(another  person)  Mil. ;  kdr-la  kur-Uyer  take 
this  also  along  with  it!  *Ko  cd-te  io7*  dan 
kal  son*  W.  as  he  was  going,  we  sent  it 
along  with  him;  lai*-la  gyel  son  it  fell  at 
the  same  time  (by  coming  in  contact  with 
some  other  falling  body);  ^zdr-la  Uy^-wa* 
to  take  hold  of  and  take  away  at  the  same 
time;  K64a  ior  pdg-pa  he  was  also  (simul- 
taneously) affected  by  (the  loss);  *^&r'la 
z^r-Uan  iig*  or  even  *isig'gi  zor*  a  mere 
expletive,  without  any  appreciable  meaning 
C;  bdag  sdig-sgrib  c^-pai  zor-la  (the  ca- 


lamity  has  befallen  the  others  too),  owing 
to  their  connection  with  such  a  great  sinner 
as  I  am  MiLnt  —  2.  to  prepare,  procure, 
to  get  ready,  yo  -  bydd  the  appurtenances 
Dzl.^  Jsd'ba  victuals  DzL\  ria  dan  sbydr- 
bai  hin-rta  a  carriage  ready  to  start  S*y. 
(or  ace.   to  no.  1 ,  a  carriage  attached  to 
the  horses);  to  mix,  hi  dan  with  water Ite/. 
and  elsewh.;  yidn-^du  to  prepare,  to  turn 
one  thing  into  another,  to  change,  transhHUi 
Thgy.;  frq.  to  prepare  one's  own  mind,  io 
compose  one's  self,  ddd-^orla  sbyor-bar  gyis 
make  up  your  mind  to  believe  MiL  —  to 
join,  fit  together,  adjust,  make  agree,  esp.  one's 
course  of  action;  to  conform  one's  seK  ts, 
with  daily  /^d-moi  yid  dan  sbyor  cig  accom- 
modate yourself  to  my  wishes  Dzl.]  Icrms 
dan  sbydr-ro  DzL  then  we  must  conform 
to  the  law;  most  frq.:   . . .  dan  sbydr-nat 
or  'te  corresponding,  agreeable  to,  according 
to,  Urims  according  to  the  law,  to  usage  etc, 
DzL;  bu-moi  yid  according  to  the  wish  of 
the  daughter  DzL;  also  to  compare  Tar.  89, 
16,  Tkgy.;  yhan-rgyiudr-la  sbydr-ba  seems  to 
imply:   to  gain  knowledge  by  observing 
others,  opp.  to  ran-rgyud4a  brtdg-pa,  to  as- 
certain by  one's  own  immediate  judgment 
-    4.  to  compose  poeta7,  . . .  kyis  sbydr-bao 
=  sdeb'pa  5  —  II.  sbst.  1.  adjunction,  con- 
junction, union,  dbdn-po  piyis-kyi  sbydr-ba 
byed'pa^  ^membrofnim  amborum  conjunc- 
Honem  efficeri  Wdn.;  hence  coition,  COliS- 
bitation,  budrmM-lasbydr-babySd-patoeSeC" 
tuate  it  with  a  woman  Pth. ;  sgra-sbyor-ia 
a  joining  or  combination  of  sounds  (letters), 
orthography  (?)  Zam.  —  2.  a  mingling,  a  mix- 
ture, e.g. 'of  medicines,  also  sbyar-fdbs  Med,; 
sbyor-sde-bzi  the  four  departments  of  phar- 
macy Glr.  (apparently  the  title  of  a  book); 
preparation = sndn-^w  SchL  240,  also  mental 
preparation,  esp.  the  preparation  of  the  mind 
for  prayer,  and  the  arrangement  of  it,  me- 
ditation preparatory  to  it  (nif.)  c£  m^am 
sbydr-ba.  —  3.  syllogism  Was.  (278).  -  4. 
comparison,  agreement,  harmony,  ytdm-gyi 
the  harmony  of  history.  Schf. 
^  sbra  1.  W:  *(s)bra*y  C.  *da*  fell-teill, 
5    sbra-^r  id.;  sbra-tdg  ropes,  sbra-^ 


J 


S^^  sbrdg-pa 

frame-work^  sbrd-pa  inmate,  of  sach  a  tent. 
2.  V.  suh  ytsan. 

sffwq-  sbrdg-paj  pf.  sbrags,  C.  ^ddg-pa*^ 
5^'  W.  ^Tog-l^  to  lay,  to  put,  a  thing 
over  or  by  the  side  of  an  other,  pyogs-ybig- 
tu  Lex,]  gen.  used  only  in  the  gerund:  *f8a 
dor  rdg-ne*  together  with  salt  and  spices 
W.;  *nd-ia  dan  rdg^te  mi  dug*  he  does 
not  belong  to  us  W.,  or  in  compounds :  nyi- 
rag  double-barreled  gun  (one  barrel  beside 
the  other),  W^ranrhdrdug-rd^  six-barreled 
pistoU  revolver  W.,  bse-sgo  bdun-dyrag  Pth,, 
sevenfold  skin-door,  used  as  a  target  for 
shooting  at. 

S^^  abrdg-ma  hay-fork,  Cs. 

«jrw  abrdn-bu  C  ^ddn-bu*^  W.  *rdn-nu^ 
H^  ^  ra-w»*  fly,  and  similar  insects  without 
a  sting;  sbrdn-^ma  1.  id.  2.  C.  bee,  sbrdn- 
mat  Uogs  swarm  of  bees.  —  sbrdn-rtsi  W. 
*rdn'^*  honey;  *rdn'8i  rdn-nu*  W.  bee.  — 
sbrdn^lSan  mead  or  something  similar.  — 
ibran  -  fsdn  and  sbran  -  ddn  Cs,  cells  in  a 
honey- comb,  the  honey -comb  itself.  — 
sbran-bug  bee-hive  Sch,  —  sbran-bgi  marten 
Sch.  —  sbran-ydb  flap,  fly-brush  Cs. 

S^'CT  sbrddrpa  ==  Jbrddr-pa  tO  scratch  ScL 
S5r^  ahrdn^a  =  sbrdn-pa. 
^T^'sbrdm-lm  unwrought  gold  Cs. 

^MC-q-  sbridrpa  1.  to  sneoze  Med.;  sbrid-pa 
5  ^  Jbyun  I  am  seized  with  a  sneezing 
Med.  —  2.  to  become  numb,  torpid,  */aw- 
pe  nya  did  son*  my  foot  is  asleep  W.  — 
3.  Dzl.  ^sS«^,  5  Sch.  to  flutter  before  one's 
eyes  (?). 

frw  sbrM-pUy  pf.  and  imp.  sbrus,  fut.  and 
'  sec.  form  sbru,  W.  *ru'ce*  to  rtir  with 
one's  hand^  zan  Lex,;  to  knead  (Cs.)  is  rdzi- 
ba  which  is  not  identical  with  sbHid-pa^ 
at  least  not  in  W. 

rq<  sbrxmrpa  pregnant,  big  with  young; 
mi  dan  srog-^fags  sbrum-^ma-rTiams 
Dd.  women  with  child  and  beasts  with 
young;  sbnlimrpar  ^gyur-ba  to  conceive,  to 
become  pregnant^  frq. ;  sbr&mr-par  fsdr-nas 
feeling  pregnant  Pth.;  prv-gu  sbrum  byim- 


S^^  sbr&n-pa 


407 


num.: 


l^y 


bos  having  conceived,   being  with  child 
Pih. 

ff^-  sbrul^  Par.  sbrul^  Lh.  *rvX^^  C.  *dulP 
1.  serpent,  snake;  sbrvl  and  sbrulrmo 
also  mythical  demoniac  beings;  sbrul  ydug- 
pa  or  dug- sbrul  venomous  serpent;  sbrul 
Kas  sdigs-po  Sch.  serpent-tamer;  sbHiUgyi 
snyin-po  v.  fsdn -dan.  —  sbrul -mgo  1.  a 
serpent's  head.  2.  v.  ^an-ke.  —  sbruh^gm 
a  serpent's  egg.  —  ^duUnydP  eel  or  some 
other  esculent  snake-like  fish  C.  —  sbrul- 
dug  venom  of  serpents.  —  sbruUmig  1.  a 
snake's  eye.  2.  n.  of  a  certain  vein  Med.  — 
sbrul'fsil  snake's  grease  Med.  — sbrulridgs  v. 
iags.  —  sbnU-ld  serpent-year,  sbrulAo-pa 
one  bom  in  such  a  year  v.  fo.  —  sbruU 
htm  slough,  skin  of  a  snake.  —  2.  symb. 
8,  =  klu. 

sbre(d)  Lex.  n.  of  an  animal;  Sch.: 
stone-fox. 

^:^  5*n'  sbri'bo^  ri-bo^  ri-ba  a 
coarse  material  manu- 
factured of  yak's  hair  for  tent-coverings. 
r-q-  sbren-ba^  pf.  sbrens^  Cs. :  to  play  an 
instrument;  ace.  to  DzL  vSV^,  16,  to 
jerk,  a  chord,  a  bow-string. 

t— -j.^  sbribs'pa  Cs.'.  resp.  for  Itogs-pa 
hungry. 
fQ^.q.  sbr^Ua,  W.  *ril'be{s)*  to  stitch  to- 
gether, paper;  to  stitch  to,  to  sew  on; 
to  fasten  on,  a  package  on  a  horse;  Ua^s- 
sgrog  Idg-pa  sbreUnas  having  one's  hands 
shackled  together;  bar  zdm-gyis  sbrel  the 
chasm  is  overarched  by  abridge  Glr.\  (iron 
chains)  sih-ge  dan  fastened  to  (stone)  lions; 
in  a  gen.  sense:  to  connect,  to  join,  ynyia- 
sbrd,  ysum-sbrM  two  or  three  consonants 
joined  together,  cf.  min-yzi. 
^^^  sbres-pa  Cs.  frozen,  stiff,  hard. 

^i«q-  sbrdn-pa,  pf.  and  fut.  sbran  1.  to  call  to 
5^  the  spot,  rd-mcUiy  grogs  for  assistance 
Lex.;  to  send  for,  the  minister  Glr.  —  2. 
to  call  to  TJi^.;  to  give  information,  notice, 
intelligence,  rgydl-po-la  rmi-lam-du  to  warn 
the  king  by  a  dream  Dzl.;  mi  kig  sbrdn- 
du  btdn-nas  Dzl.  to  dispatch  a  man  in  order 
to  convey  intelligence.  —  3.  to  sprinkle,  to 
stain,  to  pollute,  ffg-les  Sch. 


408 


5J   TM. 


*? 


*rT|^' 


ma-kir 


^ 


^ 


77m  1.  the  letter  m.  —  2.  numerical  fi- 


gure: 16. 
w  ma  I.  sbst.  1.  mother,  col.  cf-wa,  resp. 

yfwmi  mai  rum  womb,  matrix;  rdn-gi 
ma  ybig-pai  srtn-mo  full  sister  by  the  same 
mother,  whilst  mas  dbht-pai  srin-mo  denotes 
half-sister^  step-sister,  by  another  mother. 

—  2.  frq.  used  metonymically,  e.g.  capital, 
V.  below;  *ma  team  yod^  W.,  what  is  the 
amount  of  the  sum  advanced?  original  text, 
copy  to  vifrite  after,  pattern  v.  below;  a  letter 
written  above  anorfier.  —  C^VKf.:  ma-Ml 
amount  in  bushels  of  grain  lent  out.  —  ma- 
Ku  mother  and  uncle,  v.  Ud-bo,  —  mor-rgyud 
Sch.  1.  original,  primary  cause.  2.  line  of 
descent  by  the  mother's  side,  when  how- 
ever it  should  be  spelt  brgyvd.  —  md-cu 
the  first  infusion  of  malt  or  stronger  beer, 
V.  can.  —  ma-^n  Cs. :  'a  mother's  younger 
sister',  perh.  more  correctly :  a  father's  se- 
cond wife,  as  to  rank;  ma-cen  1.  Cs.:  ^a 
mother  s  elder  sister',  or  a  father's  prin- 
cipal wife.  2.  V.  the  respective  article.  — 
ma-pdr  capital  and  interest  W.  —  ma-bu 
mother  and  son;  capital  and  interest;  ori- 
ginal and  copy;  m^a-bu  mfuip-pa  JrH-ha  to 
copy  accurately  Schr,;  a  letter  written  above 
and  below  another  letter;  principal  and  cross 
beam  etc.  —  md-mo  v.  that  article.  —  mar 
fsdb  foster-mother  Sch,  —  ma-yii  v.  sub  II. 

—  ma-fydr  step-mother  6s.  —  m^a-rd  a 
mother's  corpse  Pth. 

II.  a  root  signifying  below,  opp.  to  ya: 
md-gi  the  lower  one,  e.g.  ifu-bo  Mil. ;  ma- 
ffi'TUi  below,  at  the  bottom,  md-gi-nas  from 
below,  out  of  the  valley,  in  Sik.:  from,  out 
of,  the  Indian  plain  (v.  mfa)]  md-mhi  lower 
lip.  —  md'fem  sill,  threshold.  —  md-tog 
V.  fog  I,  2.  —  md-^do  =  rmdn-rdo,  —  ma^ 
rdbs  mean  descent,'  people  of  low  extraction 
Dzl,  —  wa-W  Sch.  downward  (?)  —  ma- 
ri  =  ma-'fhn,  v.  re. 


III.  negative  adv.  not,  however  only  in 
some  cases:  a.  in  the  simplest  form  of  pro- 
hibition, where  in  the  Tibetan  language 
instof  the  imperative  the  root  of  the  present 
with  ma  is  used :  ma  ^o  do  not  go,  ma 
byed  do  not  do  (it).  With  the  form  of  the 
future  mi  is  placed:  ryod-par  mi  byao  it 
shall  not,  should  not  be  pronounced  Dom,; 
mi  de  dgrar  mi  bslan  they  should  not  make 
the  man  their  enemy  S.g,  —  b.  with  the 
preterite :  ma  son  he  did  not  go,  ma  byas 
he  did  not  do  (it).  —  c.  with  the  present 
tense  also  in  conjunction  with  the  words 
yiuy  lagSy  mcis^  red.  —  d.  without  any  evident 
reason,  and  perh.  not  always  correctly,  with 
many  substantives  and  adjectives  that  are 
formed  of  infinitives  or  participles,  and  are 
conveying  a  negative  sense:  ma^rig-pa  a 
not  knowing,  ignorance;  m^-run-ba  v.  run- 
ba  (v.  mi). 

IV.  In  the  col.  language  of  Lh.  ma  is 
used  as  an  interrogative,  when  a  question 
is  returned  by  a  question :  ^ISfdd-di  mih  H 
zer*  what  is  your  name?  *min  maf*  my 
name? 

V.  Affix,  so-called  article,  frq.  denoting 
the  fem.  of  the  masc.  in  pa,  if  ^no  is  not 
used  inst  of  it;  gen.  put  to  the  names  of 
inanimate  things,  utensils  etc.,  as  also  to 
compound  adjectives:  zans  m-bH-ma  a 
four-bandied  kettle  (c£  bu  lo-ynyis-pa  a 
boy  two  years  old,  sub  pa). 

YI.  mai  nyin  two  days  before  yesterday 
C,  =  sh&n-Tna  iag  W. 
XT  mdW.  always  with  a  marked  accent  and 
Q^  long  vowel,  prob.  abbrev.  of  mans  very, 
before  adjectives  and  adverbs,  *md  man- 
po*  very  much,  *m>d  gydl~la*  very  good. 
^'Tj^"  ma-kdr  (Hind.    ]J^  impostor)  W. 

deceit,  imposition,  intrigue,  *ma'kdr  bS-te  zer^ 
he  speaks  hypocritically,  with  some  secret 
design;  ma-kar-ban^  hypooritical,  fawning. 


^TT^"  ma-ka-ra 

ST^^'  ma-ka-ra  Ssk.  sea-monster. 

wpy  TM^Kd  1.  L<.  ==  m^an-dlye,  —  2.  Mecca 
^  Stff. 

$rp^  ma-Mdl  v.  ma  I. 
*I'(S|te5r  ma-m/ldn  v.  ma-rgdn. 
^T^rp'  ma-gdl  Wdn.,  W.  poplar-tree. 


*? 


409 


^Qp^  7ik£-% 


T  wa-^'  V.  ma  11. 

jr  AT'  ma-rgddy  *mar'gdd^  Glr,^  from  vr^iPTTi 

•^  emerald. 
(^St3\  ^^"^S'^^  ^'  ^mar-gdn*  1.  matron, 

•'  grandam.  2.  C.  also  ^ma-Ken*  cook; 
quarter-master. 

^5^  ma-^  1.  V.  wa  I.  —  2.  head-cook. 

^^^•^xrfai'n  tf'  ma^fri-^nU'tri'^a'la'^dzu 

'^     ^  ND  is  said  to  be  a  form  of 

prayer  of  the  Bonpos,  as  the  Ommanipad- 
melium  is  of  the  Buddhists;  Desg,  p.  242 
has:  ma  tchri  mou  me  sa  le  gou. 
^•rr'  (?)  ma-ddn  Ld.  a  place  od  the  roof 
of  a  house  cleared  for  spreading 
grain  there. 

jrair^  ma-yddn,  W,  *mag'ddn*y  C.  ^ma- 
'^  '  den*  ground,  basis,  foundation;  also 
for  ma-yddn-gyi  ri-mo  ground-pian. 
«-x-    3Ti;;'(?)  ma-rdu,  ^ma-du  W.  thom, 

^'       N»  prickle,   md  -  rdu  -  tan  thorny, 
prickly. 
^y'  md-rdOy  ^mar-do*  W.  prob.  a  careless 

^  pronunciation  of  I'mdn-rdo. 
^Is^'  ^^'^^'^  1-  without  sexual  distinction 
'  Med.  and  Gram.  —  2.  impotent,  un- 
able to  beget  S.g.  —  3.  barren,  childless  Wdn. 
(explained  by  bu-fsa-m^d-pa).  —  4.  Cs.: 
also  hermaphrodite,  Wdn.  however  denotes 
this  explicitly  by  mfsan-ynyia-pa.  ^  ' 
^^  ma-nu  Med.f  Cs  :  ==  ?f^,  ifif^,  yid; 

>o  as  symb.  num.:  14. 
jt'x-^c*  ma-nu-pa-tra  a  medicine  Wdn.; 

>o    *^  in  Lh.  Bryonia  dioeca. 
^;t^  md-ni  (Ssk.  precious  stone)  1 .  abbrev. 

'  of  Ommanipadmehum ;  ^md-ni  tdn-de* 
TT.  1.  to  mutter  prayers.  2.  to  purr  like  a  cat 
Hence  2.  praying-cylinder,  prop,  ma-ni-ios" 


Ji&r  Schl.  230.  —  3.  consecrated  stone-heaps 
or  stone-walls  (Mongul  Obo)  ScM.  196;  Twa- 
ni  hka-Jyivm  title  of  a  book;  as  to  its  con- 
tents V.  &chl.  84. 
5I'5JC  ^^"J^^^  Mil..^  Toa-pdm  Cs.  =  ma- 

drds-pa^  v.  drds-pa. 

^'^  w£f-7na  children's  nurse  DzL,  Olr.^  Cs. : 

nu-ma  sniin-pai  wet-nurse,  dri-ma 

^pyi-bai  nurse  for  cleaning,  pdn-du  Jiur- 

bat  for  carrying,  rtsid^/rogs-kyi  for  playing. 

^'^cl^  ma-mun  Ld.  col.  for  na-bun,  fog. 

^•^  md-Tno  1.  Sch.  grandmother.  —  2.  Sch. 
ewe,  sheep  that  has  lambed.  —  S.  MU. 
and  elsewh.  Aq.,  a  kind  of  wicked  demons.^         ^ 

5J'^'  ma-zi  Lt.  medicinal  plant  (?).  j^^jk^'^i?) 

3^ffl*  md'iu  V.  hurba. 

^•qiS-  md-yUy  W.  *7ndb-zi*  I.  ground-work, 
^  basis,  elementary  principle,  component 
part;  prime  colour;  principal  thing,  main  point 
-  2.  Sch.  originally  (?). 

^•yj-  md-ya  Ssk.  =  Tib.  sgyu'^prvl-ma 
Q,  Q,  'delusion',  n.  of  the  mother  of  Buddha 
Sakyamuni. 

^-qfiSrr  ''^'^yy^y  =  ^^^-ry^  kitchen-boy, 
^    '  scullion  W. 

^'^',   ^'^'  ma-riy  ma-ri  v.  ma  II. 

51*^'  ?wa-rM  n.  of  a  castle,  perh.  ^mU-ru. 

^•x-S*  ma-ru-^tsi  1.  n.  of  a  medicine  Med. 

—  2.  n.  of  a  country  Pth. 
g;|'q-  ma-la  Sch.  excellent!  capital!  —  In 
Feer  Introd.  p.  69  it  was  explained 
by  our  Lama  as  =  V-ma  ah,  well!   Also 
Feer  has:  Eh  bien! 
3^'OJTO3r  ^^  "  ^«  -  ^'"Q^w  Ld.  snake-charmer, 

'    '  conjurer. 
^J'tajW  ^-^-y«  the  western  Ghauts  famous 

for  sandal-wood;  the  tracts  along 
their  foot^  Malayalim,  Malabar. 

^•oj-oi'S^  ma-Za-Za-fe^  Ld.  small  lizard. 

^•Qpr  md'lag  Ld.  Somerset;  *md-lag  Idg- 

'   be*  to  perform  a  somerset,  to  play 

the  tricks  of  a  mountebank ;  to  roll  on  the 

ground  with  legs  turned  up,  of  horses  etc. 


410 


STfiW  md-lam 


«l 


f^ 


man 


^Oljs^md'lam  high-road,  broad  passage  W. 


SI'^ 


rod  "ha  1.  Ssk.  iffif,  pea,  Phaseolus 


radiatuS,  =  mon-ardn  or  greu  Wdii. 

—  2.  W.  the  contrary  of  ya-^ay  contempt, 
scorn,  disregard.  —  3.  W,  trigger  of  a  miisl(eL 
^* /rm*  ma-horka  Ssk.  '^J^^,  Cs,:  a  small 

I    '    gold  weight  and  coin  in  ancient 
India. 
^,%j^  ma-H'ka  name  formed  from  the 

'  '  Hebrew  n'^T^t^  for  Christ,  the  Greek 
word  not  being  adapted  to  the  Tib.  language 
Chr.  Prot 

^c«  TnorJid  SsL  great,  used  in  names  and 
Q^  titles:  ma-hd-kd-la  and  de^ba  =  Siva 
Olr.;  ma^hd'tsl-^nay  ma-ha-tsin  the  modem 
name  of  China,  formerly  rgya^ndg\  ma-ha- 
tsi-nai  skad  the  Chinese  language  Wdk.; 
ma-ha-rd-dza  the  great  king,  title  of  some 
princes,  particularly  that  of  Kashmere. 
wS-  ma-he y  Ssk.  '^ff^,  buffalo  Glr.y  ma- 

'  he-mo  female  of  it. 

^xarzY  '^f^f^'V^  ^-  eon-in-law  Z)^:/.,  mag-shid 
'       son-in-law  and  father-in-law  Dom, 
2.  bridegroom  col. 

5JST|'^0r  mag-maly  At.  J^^J^,  velvet  W. 

w-'  m^n  1.  C.  col.  for  mi  oiiy  mi  ^dv>g  (?); 
so  also  in  some  passages  of  the  Ma. 

—  2.  V.  m^n-fo, 

SJCWuT  man-ga-lam  Ssk.  «  bkra-his. 

SIC'SF  ^^'^"P^  1-  Hfiuch,  many,  mi  man-^o 
(rnams)  many  people,  also  (like  oi 
noXXol)  most  people,  the  gross  or  bulk  of 
the  people,  for  which  W.  *m4n-'Se*y  e.g 
*mdn-lSe  zer  du^  most  people  say,  or,  mostly 
it  is  said  etc.;  Jcor  man 'po (mams)  the 
numerous  retinue  DzL;  man -par  adverb 
mostly  (not  frq.)  Zam.;  hi  man-nyiih  Itos 
look  after  the  height  of  the  water,  whether 
there  is  much  or  little  of  it;  ycig  bsgyur- 
ba-la  man-nyun  med  if  you  multiply  by  1, 
you  will  get  neither  more  nor  less  Wdk.  — 
2.  very,  very  much,  with  verbs,  chiefly  col, 
man-po  ^igs  I  am  very  much  afraid. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  man-hkUr  =  mdn-pos 
bkur-ba  v.  bkkr-ba  I.  and  11.  —  man-gi- 


mo  long  ago,  long  since  (?)  Cs.  —  ^mah- 
na^  W.  col.  for  mdn-poTy  wkiw-ia(r);  *lag 
dan  zag  mdn-na  mdn-na  tdn-ce*  to  give  a 
little  more  every  day.  —  mdh-ie  v.  above. 
—  m4h')a  a  liberal  distribution  of  tea  Ld.- 
Glr.  Schl.  fol.  27,  a,  and  p.  72.  mdn-du  is 
not  only  the  termiu.  case,  but  also  a  com- 
pound oiman  and  the  synon.  duL,  being  used 
exactly  like  mdn-pOy  both  in  the  nomin.  and 
accus  case,  ydams-ndg  mdn-du  bsfdn-pas 
Jbrds'bu  bii  fib-pa  mdn-du  byun  as  he  gave 
manifold  instructions,  many  became  ob- 
tainers  of  the  four  fruits  Tar.  14, 3. 
w-'q*  mdn-ba  I.  vb.  pf.  mans^  to  be  much, 
^di  mdh-nam  de  man  is  this  much 
or  that?  i.e.  which  is  more,  this  or  that? 
Dzl.\  dgra  mdns-pas  as  the  enemies  had 
become  very  numerous  Dzl;  sman-dpydd 
mdns-pas  '^dn-rgya  med  by  making  much 
of  medical  treatment  he  \v411  not  grow  well 
MH  ;  7na  man  Hg  be  it  not  much,  let  it 
not  grow  too  much  Mil.  and  elsewh.;  mans- 
ki/is  ddgs  -pa  fearing  lest  it  should  grow 
too  much  Wdn.  —  U.  adj.  1.  mdn-po.  — 
2.  having  much,  bu  man-bar  ^gyur-ba  to  get 
many  children,  bu-m>dns  rich  in  children 
Pih.  —  mdns-fyig  a  sign  of  the  plural  num- 
ber, e.g.  dag  Gram.  —  111.  also  sbst.  plenty. 
SIC  WOT  "^i^^y  a  province  of  Tibet  bor- 
dering  on  Nepal,  in  which  skyid- 
grdn  is  situated,  v.  skyid. 
«x%'';^  m^n-dzi-ra  S.g.  a  mineral  medi- 

^  cine;  perh.  man-dza-ri  Ssk.  pearl. 

^"fflv  mandcU  Ssk,  prop.  Tib.  dkyil-Jlor 
^      jewels,  viands  etc.  presented  as  offer- 
ings, and  arranged  in  a  cirie  Glr.  and  else- 
where, cf.  tsogs. 
gj^*  m^  1.  =  «ad(?)  lus  mad-m^-bin 

^  Sambh.  —  2.  sometimes  for  smad. 
^C'cr  "^i^dd-pa  true,  kyed  mad  ysun-zin  as 

^       you  speak  what  is  true  Mil.;  ma 
nyh-pai  bden-fsig  mdd-po  smras  kyan  al- 
though he  solemnly  declared  not  to  have 
committed  it  Pih. 
XIX-  man  I.  sbst,  also  77ufn-na,  md-naJHind. 

'  a  *man'  or  Indian  hundredweight,  equal 
to  about  80  pounds,  anglicized  maund.  — 
n    W.  for  Tna  yin  {£.  min)  1.  it  is  not; 


^5^^r  man-nag 


9^ 


411 


S^^TTTdJ'Pr  mar-ka-la-ga 


**$  man*  this  it  is  not;  ^mdn^na*  is  it  not 
so?  isn't  it?  is  it?  In  conjunction  with  a 
negative  it  is  col.  almost  the  only  word  for 
OfHy,  but  etc :  *de  mdn-na  mi  yon^  de  man- 
na med^  only  this  one  is  to  be  met  with, 
besides  this  there  are  none;  ^la-ddg-gi  lug 
^n-se  mdn-na  mi  yon*  there  are  only  small 
sheep  in  Ladak;  ^dun-la  mdn-na  mi  fdn- 
If  an*  he  who  sees  only  what  is  close  be- 
fore him,  a  short-sighted  person;  *de'bu  lo 
gyad  tin-la  mdn-na  mi  yon*  fruit  will  ap- 
pear only  after  a  space  of  eight  years;  V«- 
rin  mdn-na  ma  fon*  I  have  seen  (him,  it) 
only  to-day,  i.e.  to-day  for  the  first  time 
cf.  min.  —  2.  no.  —  III.  =  ma  II.,  Tnan- 
ydn  below  and  abovo  Cs.;  man-^dd,  -cdd^ 
-Udd  1.  adv.and  postp.c.accus.^  below,  down- 
ward, on  the  lower  side  of,  as  far  as,  lU-ba 
man-bad  ?w  ndn-du  nub  Glr ,  he  was  im- 
merged  in  the  water  below  his  navel,  i.e. 
up  to  his  navel;  inst.  of  man-bdd  also  mere- 
ly man:  piis-mo  gon  man  Mil.y  lit  below 
the  parts  over  the  knee  i.e.  higher  than  the 
knee;  deman-cdd,  below  that  Glr.;  in  re- 
ference to  time,  from,  do-nub  man  <fad  from 
this  evening  Mil. ;  de  man-^dd  since,  from 
that  time  forward  Mil.;  rman  btin-ba  man 
rab-ynds  mdzdd-pa  ydn-la  from  the  founda- 
tion up  to  the  consecration  Glr.;  even  to 
(the  last  man),  (all)  except  or  save  (one), 
also  *mdn'^a^  mdn-p^^  mdn-Kan^  m^an-r^a* 
W.  (B.  min-fo).  —  2.  sbst.  lower  part  of 
a  conntry,  lowland,  thus  in  Lh.  as  a  proper 
name. 

a^rrm  inan-ndg,  Ssk.  ^q^ig-,  advice,  di- 
^  '  rection,  information,  9t6n-pa  to  give, 
man- nag  (^-gi^  -rgyiid  v.  rgyud  2;  in  later 
writings  and  in  the  mind  of  the  common 
people^  it  coincides  with  snagsy  in  as  mucE^ 
as  the  esoteric  doctrines  of  mysticism,  i.e. 
magic  art,  are  concerned,  which  are  com- 
municated in  no  other  way  than  by  word 
of  mouth ;  cf.  Ka-rgyan. 

'^»^.  *^-.  *^-.  T.  nr;S 

pa^  Ihag^  v.  man  II.  and  III. 
^MT^'X^B'  man-da-ra-bay  JpS^JJ^^  a  tiee 
'  ^  in  paradise  Stg. 


SIcT/'t^TN/H^/'S^  7»an(-wa)-7iiiin(-wtf)  IxLy 
^^^^^  >^ '^  turtiid,  muddy,  dingy,  dim, 
dull,  dusky,  as  to  water,  flames  of  light  etc. 

SJcTS'  mdn-tsi  Sch,  a  kind  of  silk-cloth. 

^<r^*  man-{£2;t  1.  Sch.  'a  small  square  table', 
'       ace.  to  others  a  tripod  with  long  cur  v^ 
ed  feet,  for  sacrificial  purposes.  —  2.  W' 
bed  Hindi  ifi^.  ^^  c4h^  Utrft: ,  C 

3;jaj'*^'  mxin-hel  crystal,  glass  Pth. 

^xr  ^'^^  I-  sbst.,  resp.  y^ol-mdr  1.  butter 
T%,  C,  W.  —  2.  col.  also  oil.  — 
Comp.  skya-mdry  Ld.  Hdg-la  mar  fresh,  not 
melted  butter;  ba-mdr  cow-butter;  Jyri- 
mdr  yak-butter;  Jbrur-mdr  oil  from  oleagin- 
ous seeds,  rape-seed  oil  etc.  DzL  and  else- 
where ;  rtsi-mdr  oil  from  the  stones  of  apri- 
cots etc. ;  mdzo-m4r  butter  from  the  bastard- 
cow;  hun-^ndr  melted  butter,  gki  (Jlind.)y 
the  usual  form  of  butter  in  India  and  frq. 
also  in  Tibet,  highly  esteemed  both  as  food 
and  as  medicine;  *zum-m>dr-pa*  C.  lamp; 
mar-dkdr  Med.  =  skya-mdr. — wdr-Afe  melt- 
ed, liquid  butter.  —  mar-myin  old,  rancid 
butter,  recommended  by  physicians  for  dis- 
eases of  the  mind,  fainting-fits,  wounds.  — 
*mar'nd^  W.  oil,  *nyun-dkar-mar-ndg* 
rape-seed  oil.  —  *mar  -  blug*  W.  a  small 
urn- shaped  vessel  for  butter  or  oiL  —  mar- 
m^  lamp,  at  present  only  for  holy  uses,  thus: 
*mar-m4  ghyen-Uen*  holy,  heavenward 
burning  lamp  C.  (formerly  any  lamp  DzL 
2/sS,  11 ;  Glr.y^  mxir  m£  mdzdd  Buddha  Dl- 
pankara,  v.  DzL  XXXVII.;  —  mar-idgs 
Mil.  a  part  cut  oflF,  one  half  of  a  mar-ril^ 
i.e.  a  globular  lump  of  fresh  butter,  about 
one  pound  in  weight,  not  unfrequently  offered 
to  travellers  as  a  gift  of  courtesy.  —  mar- 
ysdr  fresh  butter  Lt  —  11.  termin.  of  ma 
I.,to  or  'into'  the  mother;  mar-gyur ^d-ba 
regarded  as  a  mother,  a  creature  loved  like 
a  mother.  Mil,;  v.  ma  II.  down,  downward, 
mdr-la  id.,  B.  and  C;  v.  rbab  and  ^grib- 
pa;  mar-no  v.  no  5. 

^XTn-ajw  mar-ka-la-ga  (?)  a  fine  ochre- 

'        '   ous  earth ,  found  e.  g.  on  the 

Baralasa  pass  between  Lh.  and  Ld.y  used 


412 


SI^AS"  Tnar-rgdn 


^ 


^ 


m% 


as  ground-colour  in  staining  houses  with 
dkdr-rtd  Ld. 

^^'A3r  mar-rgdn  v.  ma-rgdn. 

SJ^CT  mar-nd  v.  no  5. 

$J^  *S['  mar-ddn  perh.  dmar-^ddn, 

gjxrsr  ^^"iP^j  D-  of  a  holy  Lama,  teacher 
of  Milaraspa,  by  whom  he  was  highly 
respected. 

^^^'  mar-ba  provinc.  for  dmdr-ba  Sch, 

^X^WOr  war  -  j/ul  Ma.,  n.  p.  =  Za  -  dwags 

^      Ladak. 
^^*  77ui/,  the  place  where  a  thing  is,  its 

site,  Situab'on,  *mdlrdu  hdg-pa*  C.  ^bdr- 
c^  W.,  to  put  a  thing  in  its  own  place; 
also  where  a  thing  has  been,  its  trace,  ves- 
tige, Uh'Ttai  rut,  wheel-mark,  track;  mal 
ydig-tu  mi  Jtug^pa  prob.  to  be  unstable, 
changeable,  fickle,  restless;  more  esp.  place 
of  rest,  couch,  bed,  mdl-gyi  ^og-tu  under 
the  bed  Olr,;  dgons-mal  resp.  for  night- 
quarters  DzL  9QPy  3  (so  ace.  to  the  xylo- 
graphic  copy;  Sch,  having  the  less  appro- 
priate dgons'hm);  *mal  dug-ce*  W.  to  live 
in  a  strange  place,  inidrj^sh';  mal  bdA-ba 
Sch,  a  quiet  sleep,  nai  Im  sems  mdUdu  bde 
I  now  may  safely  lie  down,  fig.  for:  the 
danger  is  now  over  Glr,  —  mal-Uri  bed- 
frame,  bed-stead.  —  mal-gda  Cs.y  mal-cd 
Lea.,  *mal'^e*  C,  ""-stun*  C,  W.  DzL  bed- 
ding, bed-clothes.  —  mal-ldan  ScA. 'cradle', 
rather  improb.,  perh.  hammock.  —  mal-ydl 
bed-curtain.  —  mdl  -  sa^  resp.  yzims  -  mal 
couch,  bed. 
»ai'Qr«cH'(^'  maUlormid-le  Ld.  lukewarm, 

tepid. 
^aj'fi'TT  ^«^^*-^«  58^-5  properly  name  of 
'   a  flower,  Jasminum  Champaca, 
used  as  an  epithet  in  pompous  titles  of 
books. 
»5J'  ^^*  1  •  iiistrum.  case  of  ma  mother.  — 

2.  V.  wa  n ,  the  lower  part,  gen.  how- 
ever with  terminative  meaning,  downward, 
towards  the  lower  parts,  mas  btdn-ba  Med. 
to  move  downward, to  purge;  backward,  last 
Sch,;  used  also  as  a  sbst:  Tnds-kyi  the  last, 


e.g.  yi-ge  final  letter  Cs.;  mds4a  downward, 
below  Sch.,  mds-nas  from  below  Sch.;  d. 
the  contrary  yds. 
^  mi,  I.  num.  figure:  46.  — 11.  sbst  man, 

mi  ysodrpa  to  kill  men,  to  murder,  mi- 
mid  ri'Urdd  uninhabited,  desolate  moun- 
tains Mil. ;  Tm-mams  nd-re  people  said  MiL; 
mi'la  ma  lab  tell  no  body  else  of  it  MU; 
rdn-gis  bsdgs-pa  mi-yis  spyod  what  we  gath- 
ered ourselves,  is  enjoyed  by  others  MU.', 
mi-nor  ran  sldh-ba  to  gather  by  begging 
what  belongs  to  others  MU.',  mH  bu-mo 
1.  daughters  of  men,  opp.  to  thai  bu-mo 
e.g.  witches  appear  in  the  shape  of  daugh- 
ters of  men  MU.  2.  daughters  of  others, 
opp.  to  rdn-gi  bu-mo  MU.,  cf.  also  mi-bu 
further  on ;  pleon.  before  a  pers.  pron.  of 
the  first  person:  mi-nd,  mi-bddg  I,  MU. 
(ctpo)f  and  with  certain  sbst.:  ytsd-bo  rm 
drug  (we)  six  lords  Glr. ;  plur.  also  mi-tad 
Sch. 

Comp.  mi'Ua,  (idle)  talk  of  ihe  people, 
common  talk,  yuUsdei  ndn-nas  mi-Ua  sdud 
in  the  whole  neighbourhood  one  is  an  ob- 
ject of  gossip,  nif.;  defaming  talk;  impre- 
cating speech,  with  or  without  ndip-pci^  mi- 
led  zug  or  pog  (damnation)  lights  on  (me, 
him)  Dom.  —  mi-kyim  1.  human  dwelling, 
house,  (the  Chinese  capital  contained)  mi- 
kyim  Jnimr-fso  1(K)  000  houses  Glr.  2.  irf.- 
Glr.  Schl  20.  b.  and  Glr.  94,  7  it  seems  to 
imply  the  people  of  a  household,  domestics, 
the  same  as  Kyim-ghi  mi.  —  mi-^in  v. 
^rSh'ba.  —  mi-rgdd  v.  rgod-pa  II.  —  mi- 
brgyud  v.  brgyud.  —  mi-ryi  sovereign,  king, 
mi-f^d  mdzddrpa  to  be  king,  to  reign  Glr. 

—  mi-nyid  Cs.  'humanity,  honesty';  nd- 
nyid-tan  'humane,  honest' (?)  —  mi-brddg: 
1.  =  mi-r^i.  2.  symb.  num. :  16.  —  mi-mda 
(vulgo  min-du)  Mil.  and  C,  W. :  men,  per- 
sons preceded  by  a  numeral,  e.g.  six  men, 
six  women  (prop,  a  line  or  row  of  pe<^le). 

—  mi-sde  v.  sde.  Sch.  has  also:  Iha-sd^ 
mi-sdi  princes  and  nations.  —  mi-snd  \. 
race  of  men,  class  of  people  (seldom).  2. 
messenger,  delegate,  not  frq  met  with  in 
books,  yet  not  unknown  in  C.  and  W.,  and 
used  esp.  of  messengers  with  an  errand  or 


^i'^^a^    /ll^^xvj-^ /o^ . 


^  rm 


^ 


413 


rmg 


charge  given  them  in  words;  in  our  trans- 
lations introdaced  for  aposUe^  'p&nya  hav- 
ing been  adopted  for  ^angeF.  —  mi-dpdn 
prefect  Glr.^  C.  —  mi(i)'bu  1.  a  child  of 
WMin,  a  mortal^  po.,  M%l,y  cf.  mU  bu-mo  above. 
2.  son  of  man,  when  Christ  speaks  of  him- 
self as  such,  otherwise  mii  stub  Chr,  Prot 
—  mi'bo  C«.,  rarely  for  mi,  —  mi-dbah^ 
prince,  potentate.  —  mi-Tna-yinQ^a)  ^^mWBis 
one  that  is  not  a  human  being,  mi  dan 
mi-mia-yin^a  fams^dd  all  human  and  not 
human  (adversaries)  Dom.^  esp.  ghosts,  de- 
mons, duV'Hrdd'kyi  mi-Tnor^n-pa-mams 
the  ghosts  of  a  grave-yard  (not  the  souls 
of  the  dead);  mlld-la  rgyii-bai  mirTna-yin 
the  ghosts  that  walk  in  the  air  M7.;  dkar^ 
pyogs-kjfi  mi-ma  yin^mami  good  genii  Mil, ; 
mirma-yin'gyi  'io-jprul  apparitions  of  ghosts 
Mil,  —  mi-Tno  woman,  yet  only  in  contra- 
position to  Uid-mo  and  other  not  human 
female  beings  ^eZ.and  elsewh.  —  mi^i^-yul 
human  world,  lower  world,  earth,  opp.  to 
regions  of  the  gods  or  of  infernal  beings 
Glr.y  Pih,  —  mi-rabs  mankind.  —  minriris 
V.  rigs,  —  Mi-la-rds-pa^  often  only  Jft-te, 
name  of  a  Buddhist  ascetic,  of  the  11  cen- 
tury {Wdk,\  who  between  the  periods  of 
his  meditations  itinerating  in  the  southern 
part  of  Middle  Tibet  as  a  mendicant  friar, 
instructed  the  people  by  his  improvisations 
delivered  in  poetry  and  song,  brought  the 
indifferent  to  his  faith,  refuted  and  con- 
verted the  heretics,  wrought  manifold  mi- 
racles (rdzU'^]Mtl)y  and  whose  legends, 
written  not  without  wit  and  poetical  merit, 
are  still  at  the  present  day  the  most  po- 
pular and  widely  circulated  book  in  Tibet. 
* —  mi-ldg  servant,  *mi-ldg-tu  ^i^d-wa*  to  do 
servant's  work,  to  perform  drudgery  W,  — 
mi-lu8  1.  the  human  body.  2.  v.  lus-pa.  — 
mi-ser  1.  subject,  servant,  menial,  drudge. 
2.  robber,  thief,  sharper.  —  3.  v.  below. 

III.  negative  adv. :  not,  in  all  such  cases 
where  ma  (q.v.)  is  not  used.  With  simple 
verbs  the  place  of  the  negation  is  always 
immediately  before  them,  in  compoundforms 
gen.  before  the  last  of  the  component  parts, 
^•g-  Jbydnbar  mi  ^jgyitr-ro^  unless  logically 


it  belongs  to  the  first,  in  which  case  often 
m>a  inst  of  mMs  employed.  This  rule,  how- 
ever, is  not  always  strictly  observed,  so 
Glr,  70:  de  dan  ndmrdu  yah  mi  Jbrdl-bar 
gyis  hig^  and  immediately  after:  skadybig 
kyah  ma  brdl-bar  gyis  hig  do  never  part 
with  it 
$^^^',    5fWj'  mi-nydg^  m^-nydjg^  and  ^C 

CTT*  Tanggud,names  of  two  provinces  close- 
nJ  ^  ly  connected  with  each  other,  situated 
in  the  north-eastern  part  of  Tibet  and  forming 
in  ancient  times  a  separate  kingdom  Glr, 
^^  mi-^ma  Sch.  tears. 

^^^'  mi's4r  1.  n.p.,  formed  after  ^a*, 

mp-sSr  yul  Egypt,  mi-s^r-pa  Egyptian,  Chr, 
Prot,  —  2.  V.  mi, 

^Qxv^  miam^ciy  Ssk,  fi||nC)  &bulous  be- 
ings of  Indian  origin,  nearly  re- 
lated to  the  ^dri'Za^  and  belonging  to  the 
retinue  of  Kuvera;  fern  miam-H-mo. 
^Q«  miu  1.  a  little  man,  dwarf,  also  miu- 
^  fun  Wdn,\  mig-gi  miu  v.  mig,  —  2, 
perh.  applicable  also  tp  puppet,  doll. 

mig^  resp.  1.  eye.  —  2.  eye  of  a  needle; 

hole  in  a  hatchet  or  hammer,  to  insert 
the  handle  —  3.  symb.  num.:  2.  —  mig- 
gi  gans  Sch.^  the  white  of  the  eye;  mdg-gi 
rgydl'THo  or  ww,  'the  queen  or  the  little 
man  in  the  eye':  1.  pupil.  2.  iris  Stg.\  mig- 
gi  sndg-tsa  or  -mfso  Cs,y  vulgo  mig-gi  ndg- 
po  id.;  mig-gi  m^-tog  Sch,  the  luminous 
point  of  the  eye:  mig  nydm^-pa  Cs,  weak 
eyes;  mig  Itdba  to  see  with  the  eyes,  to 
look  up,  to  look  round  trZn;  mig  ^dziim-pa 
to  shut  the  eyes,  Jbyid-pa  to  open  the  eyes, 
V.  Jby^d-pa  1 ;  ^ddn-pa^  Jbyin-pa  to  cut  or 
tear  out  the  eyes,  to  squeeze  them  out  by 
a  particular  instrument,  as  a  torture  or  pu- 
nishment C;  mig  bbdr-ba  Lex,^  ace.  to  Sch, 
id.;  mdonS'pa^  vidons-par  ^gyiir-ba  to  get 
blind  or  blinded,  to  be  deprived  of  sight 
Dzl, ;  mig  Jiyid-pa  Sch.^  to  distort  or  roll 
the  eyes;  mig  sku-ba  Dom,  (bsk&'baf)  n. 
of  a  certain  magic  trick;  mig  iid-pa  in- 
flammation of  the  eyes  through  cold,  snow- 
blindness  C,  (perh,  ^drpa)\  *mig  zug  son* 


(iXrsfA 


//Vo. 


/^ 


y    U V.  ^v^.  o    '  1    C    .0  M.^-^  ^•{-  ti^^rv       4 


414 


51 


nug 


rmg 


it  has  struck  my  eyes,  I  should  like  to  have 
it  C.y  W.;  *mig  log  ltd-<^  to  eye  one  ob- 
liquely, with  envy  or  jealousy  W.  — 

Comp.  mig-hydg  squinting  Sch.  —  mig- 
rkyin  Mil.^  is  said  to  be  the  same  as  mig- 
Ifos.  —  *mig'sky6r*  W.  eye-ball.  —  mig- 
skydg  the  impurities  in  the  eyes  Cs.  —  rmg- 
.  Mn  eye-hole,  socket  Sch.  —  mig-Jirul  MU. 
V.  mig-^pnU.  —  mig- grogs  one's  sweet- 
heart Ca.  —  mig '^am  edge  of  the  eye 
Sch,  —  mig^gyah  \,  v.  rgyan-^ma.  2.  far- 
sightedness, mig-rgydn-ban  one  that  is  far- 
sighted,  mig  rgyah'tuh  short-sighted  Bhar, 
mig-sgyu  mirage,  looming,  Fata  Morgana, 
sds-kai  fdn-la  mig-sgyu  ^gyu-ba  bhin  Thgr. 
like  the  mirage  on  a  plain  in  the  hot  season. 

—  migsgyur-ma  «  mRd-^gro-ma  Mil.  — 
mig-hcm  1.  having  eyes.  2.  having  seeds  or 
grains,  fructified,  of  ears  of  com  W,  — 
mig-ber  v.  be-re.  —  mig^liibs  eye-lid  Med. 

—  mtg-^  1.  tears  W.  2.  hydrophthalmia 
Med.  3.  wtjr-  (ki  dzdg-pa  blear-eyes  Schr. 

—  mig-bmyds  JHySr-ba  MiL  c.  dat,  to  slight, 
to  treat  contemptuously.  —  fnig'Ttid  dim, 
dull  eyeSiScA.  —  mig-Ua  (resp.  idl-ltay 
idl'fa)by4drpa  to  inspect,  superintend  (^mig- 
to-Afan*  overseer  .of  workmen);  to  keep,  to 
guard;,  to  care  for,  to  minister,  to  serve. 

—  rndg-ltdg  Sch.  ■=  fnig'8kydg(?)  —  mig- 
Uds  1.  eye-sight,  look,  mien  Cs.  2.  C.  W. 
learning  by  observation  and  close  ocular 
attention,  *gdr^ha-^e  hin-dui  mig-tds  KuVy 
or  Uyoriy  or  lob  du^  W.  the  people  of  Lahoul 
copy  the  Hindoos;  ^mtg-tds  ttdn-pa  Icur,  or 
lob  son*  W.  he;  has  imitated  what  is  not 
good.  —  ^mig-tQ-la  psmrfa^  or  nQ^-pa*  C. 
to  derive  profit  or  harm  from  observing  and 
imitating  others  (?)  ^mig-t^la  pemrpe  ^fim* 
deterring  punishment  —  ^Tnig-tdg  tdh-wd^ 
a  kind  of  torture  in  C,  little  hooks,  con- 
nected by  strings,  being  fastened  in  the 
lower  eye-lids  as  well  as  in  the  chest,  by 
which  means  the  former  are  constantly 
drawn  down  and  prevented  from  closing. 

—  mig-fun  short-sightedness  C«.,  Trdg-fun" 
can  short-sighted/ —  *mig^dcf^  snow-spec- 
tacles, shades  formed  of  a  texture  of  horse- 
hair. —  ^mig-d/iP  C.  ^  ynytdrrddl.  —  mig- 


Iddn  =  nUg-tan  po.  needle.  —  mig  -  nad^ 
disease  of  the  eye.  —  mig-po  =  mig  (i, 
mig-po-^  a  large  eye  Cs.  —  *mig'pdg*  C, 
W.  eye-lid.  —  migsprin  ^a  white  spot  in 
the  eye'  Sch.;  ace.  to  Lt.  it  seems  to  be 
the  white  of  the  eye,  sclerotica,  in  C.  the 
cataract  is  called  so.  —  mig-pdr  Cs.  =«  fmg- 
Uiin.  —  mig-JirulMU.  optical  deception, 
rmg-Jirul'mlian  a  showman  Cs.  —  mig^ 
'Augenklappe'  Sch.  (?)  —  mig-Jbur  goggle- 
eyes.  —  mig'Jyras  apple  of  the  eye,  eye- 
ball, *img'(fds  Ug-be^  or  wig-kdr  Idg-he*  W. 
to  roll  the  eyes;  bddg-gi  mig-gi  JbroM  bar 
yhis-na  yan  although  she  is  as  dear  to  me 
as  the  apple  of  my  eye.  —  in^-f7uiii(s) 
chess-board,  game  at  tables,  vdg-mdn  rtb^ 
ba  DzL  to  play  at  chess,  mi^-^naii-rti-iif 
bris-pa  Qlr.  chequered,  painted  or  in-laid 
work  after  the  pattern  of  a  chess-board. 

—  mig-mid  eyeless,  blind.  —  vdg-dimcar 

1.  red  eye,  as  a  symptom  of  disease!^ 

2.  the  planet  Mars.  —  mig^smdn  eye-me- 
dicine. —  rndg-risa  1.  prob.  Yena  fiicialis 
externa  if<0(2.  2.  the  blood-vessels  of  the 
sclerotica,  mig^rtsa  Jiritgs  -pa  the  blood- 
vessels irritated,  reddened  Med.  —  ^mig- 
sdJ!^  W.  sharp-sightedness,  *7nig -sal' £wi* 
sharp-sighted,  *7iM^-saZ-nydm*  the  contrary. 

—  mig-rtsig  the  wrinkles  of  the  eye-lid  Gi. 

—  mig  -  ML,  1.  fat  in  the  eye  MiL  2.  the 
white  in  the  eye  Cs.  —  *mig'^tig('bey  W. 
inflammation  of  the  eye,  *^-fiM^/W^  caused 
by  snow,  ^d^drmig-fsi^  caused  by  smoke. 

—  mig-zi  mist  before  the  eyes  Sch.  —  mig- 
zur  comer  of  the  eye  Sch.  —  mig-yzugs 
S.g.  optical  perception,  a  picture  of  objects 
being  formed  on  the  retina;4)y  reflected  rays 
of  light  (merely  guessed  by  Tibetan  science, 
not  ascertain  ed  by  observation  and  research). 
*mig'ydh(s)*  C,  W.  liberal,  bountiful.  — 
mig-y&r^  1.  Sch.  =  mig-rtul.  2.  =  tntg-sgyk 
Thgr.  —  mig-rig^g  MU.  timidly,  anxiously 
looking  to  and  fro,  hither  and  thither.  — 
mig-rtn-can  =  mig-rgydn-^an  Cs.  —  mig-ru 
artificial  eye-brows  Cs.  —  mig^rus  eye-bone 
Cs.  —  mig-sbbs  the  act  of  accustoming  the 
eyes  to  . . .,  mig^Ubs  ncaupa  skye  MiL  you 
habituate  yourself  to  a  faulty  look,  i.e. 


i 


^• 


37 


415 


7n,%n 


^  mu 


downward,  to  what  is  earthly.  —  *fnig'h6g* 
W,  eye-lash.  —  mig-s^  1.  jaundice,  also 
^gya-ndg  mig-sh**  W.  2.  envy,  jealousy, 
migs^'ban  envious,  jealous.  —  mig-hurri 
V.  Att-r^. 

||r*  'ff^iny  resp.  mtsan^  name,  Kydd-kyi  min 
H  yin  Mil.  or  *bi  zer^  W.  what  is  your 
name?  dei  min  yan  med  Glr.  such  a  thing 
is  or  was  not  known  at  all,  such  a  thing 
does  not  exist;  min-Uawrgyi  dge-ddn  DzL 
priest  only  byname;  W.:  ^min-^ ndn-na* 
id.;  C.  also:  ^tdl-gyi  min  tsdm-le  me*  this 
tax  exists  only  nominally;  appellation,  de- 
signation, word,  fen-pai  min  a  word  for 
drawing  (pulling)  Cham.;  min^gi  mdzod 
dictionary;  *%od  -  su  min  dan*  or  *8U  min- 
ni  ndn^na*  or  *su  rrdh  nSn-te*  or  *s^  min- 
la  ten-te  ^a  dtig*  W.  in  whose  name  or 
business,  upon  whose  order  are  you  going? 
*bii  min  dan*  W.  for  what  cause,  in  behalf 
of  what  affair?  mdn-na^  rydd-pa^  or  smd- 
ha  DzL  and  elsewh.,  to  call  by  name,  also 
to  call  upoib  the  name  of,  hence  .  .  ,  kyi 
minnfuis  brydd-de  in  the  name  of;  min  jd6g%- 
pa  to  name  v.  min  2;  dnds-min  v.  d«o«; 
btdgs-min  a  name  given  (e.g.  a  Christian 
name)  6i.,  ryes-gritb-kyi  min  a  surname  C«., 
rw-mih  a  family  name  Ci. 

Comp.  min-rkydh  a  single  syllable  or 
name  6i.,  cf.  min-sbydr,  —  min-grdgs  one's 
name-sake  Cs,  —  min-sgrd  a  mere  name, 
word,  or  sound  (philosophical  term.)  Was, 
—  mm -nan  a  bad  name,  infamy  6s.  — 
min-ban  having  a  name,  dpal-Jyy&r  mih- 
can  one  of  the  name  of  Paljor.  —  mih-fon 
V.  J&nrpa.  —  min-mtd  final  letter  6«.  — 
mm-sbydr  compotmd  name.  —  min- mid 
I.  nameless.  2.  the  fourth  finger.  —  min- 
ftig  word,  appellation.  —  min-yzi  the  first 
letter  of  the  root  of  a  word,  in  contra- 
distinction to  the  second,  the  third,  and 
the  prefix-letters,  min-y^i  rkydn-^a  a  single 
initial,  e.  g.  'Tj^  including  %  [JJ,  {Jj,  Zam.\ 
ynyiS'-d)ril,ysu7nr'8br4l9iAovimt^  triple,  letter, 
like  'Tj,  J,  6s.(?)  —  min-bzdn  good  repu- 
tation Cs 

fer'gf^mtn-po  brother  in  relation  to  his 
sister,  min-min  brother  and  sister; 


de  na  dan  minsrin-^  byao  Dzl,  her  and 
myself  I  shall  make  to  be  sister  and  brother, 
i.e.  I  shall  raise  her  to  be  my  sister. 

1)^'  mid  a  large  fish  Os.;  mid-mid  id. 

^r*q'  midrpa  1.  sbst.  gullet,  oesophagus  Mil 
^      and  elsewh.;  mid-skrdn  a  tumour  of 
it,  incident  to  horses  Sch.  —  2.  vb.  to 
swallow,  to "  gulp  down,  frq. 

miny  W.  *man*y  1.  for  ma  yin  (he, 
she,  it)  is  not,  ia-min-fyil-minMil. 
they  are  neither  'flesh  nor  fat'.  —  2.  abbrev. 
for  Tnin-pa  and  min -par  v.  below;  btan- 
min  for  *btan  yin-nam  ma  yin*  W.  will  it 
be  given  or  not?  min-pa  and  m>a  yin-pa 
to  be  not;  often  as  a  participle  supplying 
the  place  of  a  prep,  or  adv.  (for  mtw-par), 
excepted,  except,  besides,  de  ma  yin^ai  Hh 
Stg,  the  other  trees  except  this  one;  klu 
ma  yin^a  yhan  mi  fub  Dzl.  except  he  that 
is  a  Lu  cannot .  .  . ;  sans^gyds  min-pa  sus 
kyan  mi  hes  MU,  besides  Buddha  no  one 
Imows  of  it,  no  one  knows  it  except  Bud- 
dha; na;s  yug  ybig  min-pa  mi  bsdeui  MU.  I 
have  been  sitting  down  only  this  moment; 
ro  zir-ba  min-pa  skyab-pai  min  mi  yon-ba 
^dug  Mil.  one  can  only  say  ^corpse',  and 
the  appellation  ^skyab-pa'  is  not  admissible; 
de  min  besides,  otherwise,  else,  apart  from, 
setting  aside  MU.;  even:  de-min-^mams  Glr. 
those  that  are  not  doing  so.    Cf.  man. 

$}<3r^'  ?n^n-dav.7W^-w(ia,subw^compound8. 

^^.  mim^  the  Hind.  Tnimy  Madam,  mim  sd- 
heb  the  mistress  or  lady  of  the  house. 
^;^  mir  termin.,  |J^  mis  instrum.    case 
of  mi. 


^ 


mu  1.  num.  fig.:  76.  —  2.  sbst.  border. 


boundary,  limit,  edge,  end,  kik-mu-la 
ynds-pai  Iha  deity  residing  on  the  land- 
mark; mil-la  skye  (the  plant)  grows  on  the 
edges  of  fields  Wdn. ;  mfa  mdd^Hn  mu  med 
Stg.  there  is  neither  limit  nor  end;  mu  bzi 
=  mfa  bhi  Mil ,  S.g.  seems  to  be  used  in 
a  philosophical  sense  for  'perfect  limited- 
ness';  mu-Hyud  circumferehco,  compass,  the 
hoops  of  a  cask  Sck.y  the  rim  of  a  wheel 
Stg.\  mvr-Kyud-Jbin  n.p.,  the  least  of  the 


{ 


416 


^ 


^ 


mu-ge 


^^^'  mu/r-ba 


seven  mountains  surrounding  theSumeru. 
mustegi^'pa^  also  mu-stegs-dan  Ssk,  ifff^^ 
(overlooking  the  v^ord  stegs)  it  is  gen.  ex- 
plained in  an  intellectual  sense,  so  by  Cun- 
ningham :  adherents  of  the  doctrine  of  finite 
existence  (Bhilsa  Topes),  Cs. :  the  doctrine 
of  perpetual  duration  or  of  perpetual  an- 
nihilation (?);  but  should  not  rather  mit- 
stegs  be  the  same  as  Jbab-stegs  (v.  Jbdb-pa)^ 
being  a  literal  translation  of  ?f^,  and  there- 
fore prop,  a  Brabmanic  ascetic  (v.  Ssk. 
diet.),  in  Buddhist  literature  always  equi- 
valent to  Brahmanist,  Non-Buddhist,  heretic 
(infidel)?  —  3.  Sch  has  besides:  mu-la  in 
a  circle,  continuously;  mu-lfar  or  mu-mis 
^bhtn-duC;  in  W  they  say:  *mu  Hg-la 
bar*  throw  it  together  on  a  heap! 

^•qj-  mit-ge  1.  W,  desire,  appeOte,  *zan  za- 
'  ce*  or  *?aii  fun-dei  mu-ge  rag*  I  have 
a  longing  for  food,  for  beer;  mu-ge^an  fond 
of  dainties^  lickerish,  of  men  and  animals. 
—  2.  B.  and  col.,  famine,  mu-ge  Jbyun  Dzl,^ 
Mil,  a  famine  is  caused,  breaks  out. 
w^'  mu'i&r  nonsense,  smrd-baStg.  to 

talk  nonsense. 
^■Sn-  mu'fig  pearl  frq.,  mu-tig-rgyan  a 
^  '   pearl  ornament  Cs;  mu-tig-Mn-po^ 
mu-iig'drd-baOlr,  gBjrltmd  formed  of  pearls; 
my^tig-preh  string  of  pearls. 

^^(^'  mu-fi-la  motlier  of  pearl /ScA.(?). 

mu-niSsk.  saint,  ascetic^  anchorite, 

chiefly  in  names:  Sd-kya-mu-ni  the 
saint  of  the  Sakyas^  Buddha. 

^^^  rnvr-ni-U  Sch,  =  mu-tigQ), 

mvrTnSn  GZr.,ift/.  a  precious  stone,  of 
a  dark  blue,  yet  inferior  to  the  azure- 
stone,  occasionally  used  for  rosaries ;  mention 
is  also  made  of  mu-m&n  dmdr-po  Wdn. 

mu  -  rtsdd(?)  colt's  fOOt,  Tussilago 
farfara  Lh. 
mii'zi  brimstone,  sulphur  Med.^  mu-zi- 
can  containing  sulphur,  sulphurous; 
mu-zii  skyur-risi  {snum  Schr,)  sulphuric 
acid  6«.(?). 

^^  mu-rdn  hoop,  of  casks  etc.  Sch. 


^^ 


^^^: 


^1- 


^QT  mu'la  Ssk,^  root;  particular  roots,  such 
as  those  of  Arum  campanulatam,  so 
perh.  Lt 

^^'^'  rndtg-ge  sometimes  for  mu-ge, 

OTrn*  'i^^'^o,^  1.  sbst  moth,  worm,  «»</- 
'  ma  id.  GZr.,  also  mun-ma^  gds-fnug 
clothes-moth,  bdl-mug  id.,  Iddgs-inugBkvroTm 
that  eats  iron  away(?)  Cs,;  miig-zan  moth- 
eaten,  destroyed  by  worms  Ci.  —  2.  vb. 
with  yid-,  yir-,  resp.  tugs-y  to  despair  P(k; 
blomug-poei  gloomy^  doleful  way  of  thinkiDg 
Sch. 

^^cr  mun-pa  1.  sbst.  obscurity,  darlmesi, 
^  frq.  —  mun-pai  smag-rHtm  id.,  frq.; 
mun-pa-nas  mun-par  ^groDzl.  they  wander 
in  eternal  darkness;  mun-^a  8^2-&a  to  lighten 
the  darkness;  frq.  fig.  with  and  without 
bUyi.  —  2.  adj.  obscure,  dark.  —  3.  vb.  in 
W,,  mun  son  he  has  become  insensible.  — 
Comp.  mitn-'Kah  dark  room,  e.g.  the  sanctuary 
containing  the  images  of  the  gods  Ghr.; 
prison  6Ss.  —  mim-Kuh  Dzl.  prison,  dungeon. 

—  ^Tnun-iig*  Lh.^  mun-llrdd  Dzl,^  ^mM'^y^- 
nd^  W.y  C,  viun-brdg  Sch.  and  Lh.  (?)  cloac^ ; 
darkness.  —  ^mun-^did^  or  munrnyitg  tan-  1': ' 
h^  W.  to  grope  in  the.  dark.  —  *miiinrhL^ 
num-hi*  W.  the  dusk  of  evening,  *mkn 
(-?u)  rvh*  sets  in.  —  ^mun-^s^pe-ra  tan- 
de*  W.  to  talk  confusedly,  wildly.  —  fmm- 
spHil  Tar.  56,17,  to  judge  by  the  context: 
ignorance,  stupidity;  so  Schf.  —  munsirAi 
Lea;,  the  darkness  of  night.  —  mun-sro 
furious  passion,  ^mun-sro  yon  dug*  W.  he 
rages  in  his  passion.  —  ^mun-STds  =  mun- 
hi*  W. 

^^  mum  (Hind.)  W.  wax. 

^x:  ^^^  ^  •  termin.  of  mUy  hence  mur-fug 
^  to  the  extremity,  till  the  end  of  Cs. ;  perh. 
also  mur-dum(or  -zlumf^Ld.  dull,  of  knives, 
hatchets;  mur-^dug  =  mu-stegs^a  Sch.  — 
2.  gills  of  fish. 

^;^ac;'  mur-gon  the  temples  iScA.;  wiwr- 
^      '      ^grdm  id.  Cs  ;  jaw,  jaw-bone  Sck 

—  mur-fdr  ulcers  in  the  mouth  &A. 
^x'fl'  mur-ba  1.  to  gnaw,  to  destroy  by 

gnawing,  to  bite  asunder,  e.  g.  bones 
Thgr.  —  2.  to  masticate,  to  chew(?). 


^'^  rmU-fug 

gnrmr  "tntU-fug  W.  fitt,  ^mtU-fug  td-be^ 
X9  '   gdm-be*  to  threaten  with  the  fist, 
*gyab-h^  to  strike  with  the  fist. 
^  meY,  num. fig. :  106.  —  11.  sbst  1.  resp. 

zug%  C,  ^ndn-me'^  TF.,  fire,  me  Jbar  the 
fire  burns^  hor  breaks  out,  mhed  spreads,  hi 
is  extinguished;  *me  son-na*  W.  is  the  fire 
burning  (again)?  Kdn-pa  mes  (vulgo  *m4' 
la*^  bsreffSy  hor^  Uyer  the  house  is  burnt 
down,  *dug8  son*  W.  ignited ,  burnt  (par- 
tially); me  sbdr-ba^  Jbud-pa^  ytdn-ba  fi., 
*(s)bdr-cey  pU-ce^  diig-be*  W.  to  light  a  fire, 
ysd-ba^  ^sdn-te  id-ce*  W.  to  stir,  poke,  trim 
the  fiire,  *nydUbe^  W.  to  cover  the  glowing 
embers  with  ashes,  in  order  to  preserve  the 
heat;  rgydb-pa  1.  to  set  on  fire,  hfim^la  a 
house  Glr,  2.  to  rtrike  fire  W.,  me  UJU-baB. 
and  col.,  to  warm  one's  self  at  the  fire.  — 
2.  symb.  num.:  3.  — 

Comp.  me^kdm  cock  (of  a  gun),  *me' 
kdmjar  fsav^  W.  the  gun  is  cocked.  —  me- 
skydgs  C.  a  shovel  for  live  coals.  —  me- 
^9y^y  gyog^  —  ^gyogs  2.  —  ms-mgdl  fire- 
brand, me-mgdl-gyi  Kdr^lo  the  circle  made 
by  a  firebrand,  when  quickly  swung  round 
Ci.. —  ^me-ddn*  torch  C.  —  mS-ban  fiery, 
containing  fire.  —  Tw^-ttcijrsfire-steel,  pocket- 
fire.  —  m^-lbe  fiame  of  fire.  —  me-M  fire- 
steel  (?)  Sch. ,  *me  -  ?/*  C.  every  thing  re- 
quisite for  kindling  a  fire,  as  it  is  got  in 
readiness  for  the  following  rooming.  —  me^ 
mnyam^liin  v.  Wwn.—  ^me^-td^C.  \.(rtags) 
a  mark  of  burning.  2.  Qtag  or  stag)  spark, 
sparklet,  a  bit  of  live  coal  in  the  ashes.  — 
me^fdb  fire-place,  hearth;  stove.  —  me-ddh 
DzL  fire-pit,  pool  of  fire.  —  me-drod  v. 
drod,  —  ^me-dd^Cy  musket,  pistol;  *7?w- 
da  pag-^iin*  canon  Schr,;  *me-dd  gydb-pa* 
to  discharge  a  gun;  *w^-da-^n*  resinous 
wood,  the  coal  of  which  is  particularly  used 
for  making  gun-powder.  — *m£'dd^  (mdag) 
C.  coals  glowing  underneath  the  ashes.  — 
me^d^l  bullet,  musket-ball  Sch.  —  me-rdd 
flint  Cs,  —  m^-nur  Sch,  =  me-mddg,  —  me- 
snddy  or  -j^&r  coal-pan,  chafing-dish,  per- 
fnming-pan.  —  me-pun^  me-bum  cupping- 
glass,  cup  Lt  —  mi'ba  DzL  «  me,  —  vni- 
bo  —  me  dk  large  fire,  me-bo  ce  Dzl.  —  me- 


^ 


ii''^^'^^'<<^'  ^^i'3^\^'  "^^^  ^ 


417 


'^•^'^i^-j^i:<jii'^vj3^-^'%2^-<i<i  ^'Jf""^ 


c.  ^o 


}dl  a  disease  3fed,;  ft  is  said  to  be  a  cu-  ,^  |p  jl^ 
taneous  eruption,  hot  and  smarting,  perh.^^^,^  ff^ 
erysipelas?  —  m£^miir  =  me-rnddg  DzL\<*ijy^^--^^ 
me-Tna-mikr  Thgy.  id.?  —  me-btsd  v.  btsa.'^'-^^^^^  - 

—  *me-  fsdg*  spark  W:  —  *me-dze*  gun- 
powder C.  —  Tne-yii  anvil  ScL  —  me-yidb 
mark  of  singeing,   of  having  caught  fire. 

—  *me'Zi*  W.  «■  7ne4tdg,  —  me-^dbs  «  m^- 
ddh  Sch.  —  m^-ri  fire-mountain,  introduced 
by  us  for  volcano.  —  me-ris  a  figure  re- 
sembling a  fiame  Sch.  —  me-rd  an  extin- 
guished fire,  fig.  bstdn-pai  me-^6  Ian  Glr. 
the  extinct  doctrine  revives  again.  —  ^me^ 
Un*  W.  fiame.  —  Tne-Un  fire-tongs.  —  me- 
hSl  burning-glass.  —  me-Uid  the  god  of  fire, 
V.  Schl.  251  sqq.  —  III.  v.  also  mS-tog. 
^V^m^-nydg  v.  mi-nydg. 

^J^Sn-  Tn^'tog^  W.  *m4n-to^^  1.  fiower,  Tni-  | 

^  '  tog  Jbar  J  Ka  Jam  the  flower  opens, 
begins  to  bloom,  mi-tog^  prih-ha  chaplet, 
wreath  of  flowers.  —  2.  W.  tuft  or  crett  on 
the  head  of  some  birds.  —  3.  W.  snow-fiake. 
^9JC'  m^-fo»  1.  mirror,  looking-glass,  frq.; 
IdS'kyi  mi-Ion  a  magic  mirror,  re- 
vealing the  future  Olr.]  also  fig.,  esp.  in 
titles  of  books,  e.g.  rgyalrrdbs-kyi  ysdJrbai 
mi-Ion  A  bright  Mirror  of  the  History  of 
Kings.  2.  plain  surface,  flat  body  extending 
in'  length  and  breadth  ,%.g.  the  flatness  of 
the  shoulder-blade,  table-top,  door-pannels 
etc.,  hence  sgo  mi-lon-ban  Glr.  an  opening 
provided  with  a  frame  of  boards  to  close 
it,  not  merely  an  ^ostium',  of  which  de- 
scription most  of  the  inner  doors  in  Tibetan 
houses  are. 

^off^  mea^o  the  mewing  of  a  cat 

^r-q.  mid-pa  for  mi  ydd-pa  to  be  not,  to 
'  exist  not  (v.  ydd-pa\  med  he  is  not 
here,  he  is  gone  etc. ;  *lca-biil-du  soh-te  Tned* 
W.  he  is ofl^,  having  gone  to  Kashmere '*ba^- 
mag  a-p^  Kyir-te  m^d^  W.  the  tinder-box 
is  not  here,  father  has  taken  it  with  him; 
*hi-te  m^dT  W.  he  is  dead  and  gone;  skabs 
med  DzL  there  is,  or  there  was,  no  oppor- 
timity ;  ^os-kyi  min  tsam  yan  med  Glr.  re- 
ligious law  does  not,  or  did  not,  exist  at 
all;  med  kyah  even  if  nothing  is  extant, 

27 


418 


$|^'q-  mid-pa 


51 


5)^2f  mds-po 


though  the  thing  does  not  exist  in  reality; 
*ni  med'fia  yan  yon  du^  the  W  may  be 
dispensed  with,  though  W  be  omitted,  it 
will  be  all  right;  rgyd-la  mdd-pai  yi^ge 
drugGlr,  six  letters  not  existing  in  Sanskrit; 
midrkyan-run-bai  yig'Jyru  ybig  a  letter  that 
may  also  be  wanting,  a  dispensable  letter, 
e.g.  ^  G^^^- ;  fnedrkyan  dgds-pai  JiraUbsdud 
MU.  a  taxation  necessary,  and  even  if  one 
possesses  nothing,  yet  as  it  were  inexorable; 
rrUdrpa  (  W.  ^midrlian*)  not  being,  not  exist- 
ing, not  having;  bld-ma-la  bhugs-grogs  mM- 
pa  Idgssam  Mil,  has  your  Reverence  no 
fellow-resident  in  your  house?  fem.  mid- 
ma  Mil. ;  W,  *md  dud-pa-mid-Man*  very  or 
quite  smokeless;   mi  brndm-pa  skyug-fu 
mid-pa  mid'du  mid-pa  DzL  a  man  about 
to  be  choked,  bevig  neither  able  to  spit 
out,  nor  to  swallow  down;  bdag  (or  bdag- 
Id)  bah  dbtd-du  med  DzL  we  are  not  able 
to  give  any  thing;  med-mi-nun-gi  bu-fsd 
Mil,  the  sons  and  grandsons  that  are   to 
get  something  (as  a  heritage);  Hyim  der 
midndu  mi  ytub-pa^  or  mi  ruh-ba  indis- 
pensable in  the  house  Thgy.;  so  also  med- 
fabs-mid-pai  bl6n-po  Glr,;  mid-par  ^yur- 
ia  to  be  annihilated,  to  disappear,  stdg-mo 
Tried- par  gyi/^'to  Pth.  the  tigress  disap- 
peared; ynam  dan^a  yan  med-gyur-na  DzL 
when  heaven  and  earth  shall  pass  away; 
*da  na  bian  mid-Uan  son*  W,  now  I  am 
quite  undone;  bldn-po-mams  ^ran^sems- 
med-par  gyur-to  Glr,  the  ministers  lost  their 
litigiousness,  gave  up  quarreling;  zas  briTn- 
du  med-par  gyur-to  DzL  the  distribution 
of  the  dishes  became  impossible;   *pi-ra 
zir-be  mid^Han  son*  W,  he  became  speech- 
less; med-par  byid-pa  to  annihilate,  an 
enemy  DzL^  to  put  an  end  to,  a  quarrel  Glr, ; 
frq.  mid-pa(r)  may  be  rendered  by  'with- 
out': rgydl-po  kig  mid-na  mi  i^un,  or  tabs- 
mid  Pth,  we  cannot  do  without  a  king; 
mfa-rfen-mid-pai  mfa  a  termination  with- 
out a  final  consonant  Gram. ;  rgyu  mid-par 
S.g.  without  cause;  or  by  'instead  of: 
rgydl-po  midrpar  Glr,  instead  of  the  king, 
sndr-gyi  lus  mid -par  Glr,  instead  of  the 
former  shape ;  nyin-mfsan-mid-par  making 


no  difference  between  day  and  nighty  po-mo- 
mid-par  between  male  and  female,  rgan-byis- 
mid'par  old  and  young;  vulgo  also  nyin^ 
med-mfydn-m>ed  etc.  —  midrpo^  W.  *med- 
kan*^  fem.  mid-mo^  a  poor  man,  pauper. 

^^  mm  MU,  an  ornament,  piece  of  finery. 

^^  mendiy  Ssk,  ^i^,  Lawsonia  alba,  a 
^    plant  used  for  staining  the  finger-nails 
red  Mil, 

^^"^miip-tsi  a  coloured  silk  handlcercliief  W, 

^x-£-  m^in-hri  a  kind  of  fur?  min-hri  dmdr- 
'  ^  poi  sUg-pa  a  fur-coat  of  red  men-hri 
is  ^mentioned  as  the  vesture  of  a  Lha. 

5}^  mer  termin.  bl  me, 

^xro'  '"^'ba  Cs,:  'a  quaking;  thinness; 
mir-pOy  mer-mir  thin,  as  liquids'; 
Sch, :  ^mir-gyis  gan  full  to  the  brim\  I  met 
with  1.  mer  in  Hg-mir  q.v.  —  2.  mir-ba 
as  adj.  for  mfso  the  lake  MU.  —  3.  *mer- 
mir*  W.  adj.  111(6  a  thin  pap,  and  sbst  t 
muddy  substance,  e.g.  street-mire;  *m£r^mer 
bd-be*  to  make  a  mire.  —  4.  mir-mer-ba 
adj  in  connection  with  such  sbst.  as  light, 
ray,  beam,  brightness  Thgr,y  Mil  —  5.  mir- 
mer-po  used  in  medical  writings  in  a  -similar 
manner  as  nitr-nur-po,  to  define  the  shape 
of  an  embryo,  obiong,  oval;  these  descrip- 
tions, however,  though  partly  founded  on 
observation,  are  frequently  very  arbitrary, 
vague,  and  even  contradictory.  In  W,  the 
word  has  only  the  signification  3;  a  Lama 
from  C,  rendered  it  with  'full',  which  would 
agree  with  Sch.  and  no>.  1,  as  well  as  with 
^glittering,  quivering',  having  some  relation 
to  no.  2  and  no.  4. 

^q'^or  ^-  mil-ise  or  -tse  I.  watch,  watch- 
man, sentinel;  watcher,  spy,  th^/- 
^  byid-pa  to  watch,  to  keep  watch  Dzl,] 
jd-ra^mel-tse  =  *mel-ts^  W,  —  2.  steatite 
or  soap-stone,  of  a  greenish  colour. 
^•TigP'  mis-po^  vulgo  *me-m^*j  grandfather; 
also  forefather,  ancestor,  progenitor, 
sahs-rgyds  fams-bdd-kyi  spyi-mes  kun-Utr 
bzdh'po  Thgr,  Kuntuzanpo^  the  common 
progenitor  of  all  the  Buddhas;  mes  rgyalr 
po  Glr,  merely  equivalent  to  'the  old  king'; 


\*"k  &\  ?N    -  ^'-fv:a  /  'S""^ 


Sfn  me-tiri 


51 


?|^'iT  mdd'pa 


419 


pormh  the  grandfather  by  the  &ther's^  97ki- 
mh  by  the  mother's  side  Cs  ;  yan-TrUs  great- 
grandfather Gfo*.;  i^-  or  yH-mis  ScL  great- 
great -grandfather;  mes'dbdn  grandfather 
and  grandchildren,  resp.,  e.g  rgi/dl^o  mes- 
db&n  the  kings  from  one  generation  to  an- 
other, the  royal  ancestors  Glr,;  mes-rdbs  id. 
5cA.;  *ine'm4*j  reverential  name  given  to 
men  of  a  more  advanced  age  W.  also  6'. 
$r^  me-triy  ^^,  V.  bydms-pa  Mil, 

?f  mOy  I.  num.  figure:  136. 

II.  woman,  female,  opp.  to  /o,  =  bud- 
mdd:  mo  na-re  the  woman  said  Glr.y  Mil.] 
of  animals:  female.  —  ^mo-kydn*  W.  virgin. 

—  mo-ffds  woman's  gown,  petticoat  —  mo- 
brgyud  female  line  of  descent.  —  mo-bi  fe- 
male calf.  —  TTKh-byis  Mil,  mo^dbyis  (^mo- 
yi*)  C.  girl,  female  child. — mo-btsun  nun  Glr. 

—  mcMnfsdn^  moi  dbdn-po  female  genitals. 

—  mo-rdn-imo)  1.  single,  unmarried  woman, 
so  perh.  in  the  passage,  ydoii  ndn--ffyi  Iryd- 
ba»  TTUHrdh  skyid  happier  is  a  single  woman 
than  one  with  a  husband  of  a  bad  face; 
more  firq.,  the  word  implies  2.  a  poor,  de- 
stitute fomale,  one  who  did  not  get  a  husband 
W.  3.  she,  herself  6'.,  Lew, ' —  Tno-n,  ttumt^  a 
female  kid.  —  mo-rigs  female  sex.  Cs,  — 
mo-lus  the  female  body  Sch,  —  mo-yhdm  a 
barren  female,  hence  mo-yhdm-gyi  bu  a  non- 
sense, an  incongruity. 

III.  lot,  mo  jiibs-pa  to  c^ist  the  lot,  al- 
ways a  religious  ceremony  performed  by 
Lamas  (cf.  rgyan  and  rtag8-ril\  which  how- 
ever does  not  preclude  the  possibility  of  an 
imposture;  md-pa  one  dealing  with  these 
practices,  a  soothsayer,  md-pa  ^dre  mfdn- 
ba  a  soothsayer  that  pretends  to  have  seen 
a  ghost;  md-mUan  Cs.,  md-rtm-pa  Glr,  id. 
(the  latter  expression  in  the  respective  pas- 
sage =5  court-astrologer);  mo-ma  the  femi- 
nine of  it  0$.,  which  however  is  at  variance 
with  Mi.,  who  in  several  places  has  bla- 
ma  mHits-pai  mo-ma. 

IV.  affix,  so-called  article,  correspond- 
iDg  to  the  masc.  terminations  po  and  pa, 
and  denoting  the  fem.  gender  of  persons, 
biir-TM  daughter,  bdd-mo  a  Tibetan  woman. 


^TO^'  mO'Udb  v.  Kab. 

J^-q-  mdg-pa  dark  (coloured)  Cs,;  mdg-ro 
'       of  horses,  yellowish-broMm  Glr, 

^Imr^lmr  mog-mdg  1.  655.=  mdg-pa,  —  2. 
'       '   meat-pie,  meat-balls  in  a  cover  of 

paste,    ilv  U/-^--c    loc^n   ^'^^ /k   Uo  i-iO) 

$F|'-^  mdg-^a  mushroom  W. 

^|wr^';^  m4gs'tsa-ra  Lt  n.  of  a  plant; 
'  in  Lh.  mog-ha-ras  is  a  large 

species  of  Ferula  or  Dorema,  of  a  yellow 
flower  and  a  fetid  smell. 

^'9yij'  mdh-gol  a  Mongul  Tib.  sdg^o. 

?jt'tWI'  mon-rtul  Lea.  =  blun-po  dull,  stupid. 

'^'(Sf  mon-loy  W.  for  Un-mo  knuckle,  an- 

klebone. 
^(jr*  fnod  moment,  occurring  only  in  the 

^  following  combinations:  Idh-bai  mod 
{de-nyid)'la  at  the  very  moment  of  rising 
Pth,y  MiLy  del  mdd-la  the  moment  after  trZr. ; 
gen.  vM-la  instantly,  immediately,  mdd-la 
drdns-so  Glr,  he  immediately  pulled  it  out; 
Ura  yan  mdd-la  pyin-te  Dzl,  immediately 
after  there  came  also  the  hawk;  dd-nas  ,- 
mdd-la  id.  Dd.  ^i  /  '  '<,^4,<5  <\'\^f  "^V^ 
gjjc-q'  mod-pa  (cognate  to  7nad-pa?)  an 

^  emphatic  word  for  to  bo,  1.  as  an 
augmentative  oiyin^  sometimes  superadded 
to  this  word;  occasionally  untranslatable, 
sometimes  =  indeed,  to  be  sure,  ies  smras 
mdd'kyi  Dzl.  though  indeed  you  may  say 
so;  dpag-tu-m^d  mdd-kyi  though  indeed  it 
is  immeasurable  Dzl.;  ysa  dA-ka  na  yin  mod 
Mil,  the  snow-leopard  indeed  was  I  myself; 
di  ma  yin  mod  ^on-kycm  ...  to  be  sure,  it 
is  not  this  one,  yet . . .  Tar. ;  ^6-ba  yin  mod 
(although  not  invited)  yet  after  all  you 
must  go.  —  2.  as  augmentative  of  yod^  sig- 
nifying abundance,  plenty  i?.,  C,  W.;  de 
mi  by^d-na  dgra  mod  if  you  omit  to  do  this, 
you  will  have  plenty  of  enemies,  nod  mod 
plenty  of  diseases;  sti-bstdn-gi  Urims  Un- 
tu  mdd-kyi  although  they  abounded  in  com- 
pliments; mdd-pa  having  an  abundance, 
lonsspydd  mdd-par  ^^gyur  he  becomes  the 
owner  of  great  wealth  Dd.;  Mri-fog  mdd- 


420 


^ 


SJ 


mon 


g^T'^T  mydd-pa 


pa  Glr.  aboundiDg  in  tree -fruit;  mdd-po 
adj.  plentiful,  abounding^  kul-lu-ru  sin  mdd- 
po  in  Kullu  wood  is  plentiful,  or  Hn  mdd- 
pot  ytU  (Kullu  is)  a  country  abounding  in 
wood,  opp.  to  dkdn-po,  hence  'cheap'  may 
occasionally  siand  for  it. 
Jji*  man  1.  n.  p.,  general  name  for  the 

^  different  nations  living  between  Tibet 
and  the  Indian  plain  Mil :  mdn-ytd-gyi  ban- 
dhe  a  monk  from  Nepal;  Glr.:  dpal-gro  mdn- 
la  Paldo  in  Bhotan;  mon-ta-wah  is  stated 
to  be  a  commercial  place  in  Assam,  from 
whence  much  rice  is  brought  to  Tibet;  the 
people  of  Lahoul  are  looked  upon  by  the 
real  Tibetans  as  Mon,  though  for  the  most 
part  they  speak  the  Tibetan  language,  and 
they  in  their  turn  consider  the  Hindoos  in 
Kullu  as  Mon;  that  this  appellation  is  often 
extended  to  the  Hindoos  in  general,  appears 
from  such  names  as,  mdn-gre^  mdn-^ran 
Indian  pea,  Phaseolua  radiafusy  VTR;  mdn- 
Zorva  the  ever-green  oak  and  its  fruit,  of 
the  southern  Himalaya  ridges  Wdn.';  in  Ld. 
the  musicians  (JLd.'Glr,  Scfd.  25,  b),  car- 
penters, and  wood-cutters  coming  from  the 
south,  are  likewise  denominated  Mon.  — 
The  form  moiv-pa  Cs.  is  not  known  to  me; 
mon-mo  fem.  Pth.  —  2.  sometimes  for  mun. 
J&-/a»  mon-^a  (or  perh.  /ia)  W.,  popularity, 

'  '  respect,  reputation,  rndn-^a  fob  he 
makes  himself  generally  beloved,  is  highly 
respected;  Tridn-ia-han  beloved,  popular. 

$1^'  Tnor  termin.  of  mo, 

Jjfjrq*  Tndl'ba  the  usual  resp.  term,*  esp.  in 
W.,  for  to  say,  to  speak,  as  bsgd-ba 
and  bkd-rtsal'ba  are  used  in  earlier,  and 
ysiin  ba  in  later  literature  and  in  C,  hence 
it  is  often  to  be  rendered  by  'to  order';  *«d- 
heb'la  sa-ldm  mol  zu*  have  the  goodness 
to  present  (say)  my  compliments  to  that 
gentleman;  *m6l'Ue  tan- be*  to  flatter,  to 
caress ;  ^mdUlatdn-wa^  6'.  to  make  known(?). 
^I^q*  m/^s-pa  vb.  and  sbst.  to  be  pleased, 
la  with,  to  wish,  to  have  a  mind,  ^d- 
bar  mds'so  Glr.  I  took  a  fancy  to  go  there; 
iu'la  sdgs-par  mda-na  Thgy.  if  you  wish 
for  water  or  something  of  the  kind ;  mds^ 


pa  dan  JM-pa  S.O.  desiring  and  coveting 
(are  the  origin  of  all  the  misery  of  sin); 
te  take  pleasure  in,  to  rejoice  at,  mSs-pai 
glu  Glr.  song  of  rejoicing;  as  sbst.:  pleasure, 
satisfaction,  esteem. — 2.  to  respect,to  esteem, 
with  to,  to  respect  with  devotion,  to  revere, 
to  adore  ids-la  frq. ;  Kyod  gdn  -  la  mos  to 
whom  do  yon  direct  your  devotions?  Mil.; 
mds-nas  Jbul-ba  ym  I  give  it  merely  from 
devout  veneration,  i.e.  I  shall  take  nothing 
for  it  Pth.\  frq.  joined  with  gus-pa:  yid- 
mos-gus  drdg-pos  with  fervent  veneration; 
dadrm^s  devotion;  mos  spydd-pa  as  parti- 
ciple, a  pious  man,  a  devotee  Tar.  109,7. 
^Tt^cT  "mya-ndn^  trouble,  misery,  affliction, 
^  ^  mya-ndn-gyis  ydun-Bte  DzL'y  mya- 
ndn  H  yah  med  Dzl.  I  have  no  trouble,  no 
uneasiness,  whatever;  mya-hdn  bsal  Tar. 
the  time  of  mourning  is  at  an  end;  mya- 
hdn  byidrpa  to  lament,  to  wail;  mya-van- 
^^^9  ^nftH.  ^'  of  a  famous  king  of  ancient 
India  SZr.,  Tar.  ch.  VI;  mya-ndnrlas  ^dds- 
pa^  abbr.  myan-^da^  (and  so  also  pronoun- 
ced, as  for  instance  in  a  verse  oiMil.y  where 
it  occurs  as  a  trochee)  'having  been  deli- 
vered from  pain^,  the  usual,  iUiteral,  Tibetan 
version  of  fln$T^,  ^^^  absolute  cessation 
of  all  motion  and  excitement  both  of  body 
and  mind,  which  is  necessarily  connected 
with  personal  existence;  absolute  rest,  which 
by  orientals  is  thought  to  be  the  highest 
degree  of  happiness,  imagined  by  some  as 
a  perfect  annihilation  of  existence,  by  others, 
more  or  less,  only  as  a  cessation  of  all  that 
is  unpleasant  in  human  existence,  —  well 
set  forth  by  Kopp.  I.  304  sqq. 
WT;3^'  mya-ham  a  fearful  desert  Lex.,  Thgy. 

^qrq-  mydg-paSch.  *to  chew';  ace.  to  me- 
^  '  dical  writings,  the  chemical  decom- 
position of  the  chyme  in  the  stomach;  to 
cause  putrefaction;  pf.  myags;  mydgs-par 
byid-pa  =  myag-pa  S.g.;  ruUbin  mydgs-pa 
Dzl,  decomposed,  putrefied;  ro-mydgs  the 
watery  product  of  putrefaction,  *tabes^  Thgy. 

^C'^'  mydh'ba  v.  Trvydh-ba. 
W^*CI'  myddr-pa  Sch.  ^  mid-pa  sbst. 


gC*  myin 


^ 


421 


^^  dmag 


SCs'  myiti  Sch,  =  min, 

WW  wyw-^,  WW-  mxpig^  1.  &ch.  reed,  rush, 
^  nJ  ^   '  flag,  also  =  ^myii-gu,  — 

2.  6«.  sprout,  the  first  shoot  of  corn  etc., 
wfu-gu  sn&n-po  Thgy.  the  young  green  com. 
am-q-  mj/uff-pa,  myug-myug-pa  1.  tO  run, 
^  '  roam,  stroll  idle  about  Sch,  —  2.  to 
show,  exhibit  ostentatiously,  to  boast  with  C$, 
V.  dmy^iff-pa. 

w-q-  myur-ba  quick,  swift,  speedy,  wytir- 
4  po  id-ifi*/.;  mostly  as  adv.,  myur-du 
quickly,  speedily;  soon;  ^^^yt^r  as  speedily 
as  possible;  myur-du-btsd-rtoffs  symptoms 
of  immediate  parturition  Med. 
^orn'  f^yul-ba  to  examine  closely,  to  search 
^  into,  to  scrutinize,  c  accus.  or  termin. 

of  place  Stg.^  Mil.^  prob.  but  a  diflFerent 
spelling  for  nyid-ba.  —  Ibe-rm/ul  Mng,,  Lt, 
a  symptom  of  disease,  ace.  to  Wise  p.  282: 
a  quivering  motion  of  the  tongue. 

^^  myd-ba  v.  smyd-ba, 

gjr-fl'  tnydh-ba^  pf.  myanSy  also  myon^  fut. 
^  my  ah  W.  ^nydn-be''^  1.  to  taste  Dzl; 

to  try  by  tasting,  myan-bas  zim-po  fsor-nas 
perceiving  the  relish  by  tasting;  rajn^ydn-^ 
ba  *dob4dg  nydn-be*  W,y  id. ;  to  Onjoy,  mfo- 
ri»-kyi  lahs-spyod  the  bliss  of  paradise  Dzl; 
mydh'bar  by4d-pa  to  make,  or  to  permit 
to,  enjoy,  Uyod  dds-kyi  zas  mydri-bar  byao 
I  shall  make  thee  enjoy  the  food  of  religious 
doctrine  Sch.^  yet  it  may  be  rendered  also 
more  simply :  thou  wilt  enjoy  . . .  Dzl.  7>f% 
b.  —  2.  in  philosophy :  to  perceive,  in  re- 
lation to  the  perceptions  of  sense,  &sk,  %^. 
—  3.  to  experience,  to  suffer,  both  good  and 
evil,  sdv^g-bsnaly  distress  etc.  frq.;  to  get, 
nd-sdug-pai  lus  an  ugly  body;  seldom  with 
terrain.,  yndsskabsyzdn-du  mydh-bar  ^gyur- 
bat  Ids  -  mams  works  which  would  bring 
upon  their  author  another  state  of  existence 
(after  his  death)  JTigy. ;  myoh-bar  mi  offyur- 
6a  to  be  preserved  from  Dom,;  ran-gi  byds- 
pa  rdh-gi  mydn-ba  yin  Pth.  your  own  doings 
are  your  own  suflFerings;  as  you  have  brewed, 
so  you  must  drink.  —  4.  auxil.  of  the  pf. 
like  byun^  but  chiefly  in  negative  sentences: 


btsal  Tna  myon  Dzl.  I  have  never  yet  sought, 
mfon  ma  myoh  MiL  I  have  never  yet  seen, 
^s  ma  myoh  Mil.  I  have  never  yet  heard, 
—  a  construction,  that  has  originated  from 
the  earlier  one  c.  inf. :  rdzun  smrd-ba  ma 
myohy  dgi'bai  semsskyM-pamamyohdesMng 
with  falsehood,  producing  virtuous  thoughts, 
has  never  happened  to  me  yet  Dzl. 
sxjQ'n*  dmd'ba  to  be  low,  Mus  dma  mfa 

^  ynyis  mfd-na  if  (in  pregnancy)  the 

middle  parts  of  the  body  are  low,  and  the 
sides  high  Med.;  sbst.  lowness;  adj.,  also 
dmd-mo^  low,  low  water,  low  voice,  low 
rank,  short  measure  or  weight,  frq. ;  dmd- 
la  Kydd-du  ysddrpa  to  despise  the  low  and 
humble  Lt;  dmd-na  if  I  live  in  humble 
circumstances  Dom. ;  nd-yis  mfo  mfo  byds- 
pa dmra dma byuh  aspiring  higherand  higher, 
I  fell  deep  Pth.;  of  religion:  Mh-zad  dmd- 
bai  diiS'Su  as  it  had  somewhat  fallen  into 
decay  Pth. ;  dTua  Jb^bs-pa  (frq.  written  srrui) 
W.  *ma  bob  kdUce*^  and  intrs.  dTna  Jbdb- 
pa  to  lower,  to  degrade,  by  words:  to  ablise, 
to  vilify  Do.  by  deeds:  to  deface,  to  deform, 
to  mar  Pth.;  to  disgrace,  dishonour,  profane 
Pth.;  to  humiliate  Tar.;  to  oppress,  to  ruin 
Schr. ;  *ma'bab'dan*  W.  humiliated,  brought 
low.  —  dmd'Sa  1.  Sch.  low  land(?)  2.  = 
dmdn-sa.  —  Cf.  dTudn-pa. 
r^my  dmag  Lexx.  %irr  1-  army,  host,  dma^- 

'  fsdgSy  dmag-dpiih.,  less  frq.  dmag- 
ysib  id.;  dmag  dan  bbds-pa  with  an  army 
Tar. ;  mi-la  dmag  skyitr-ba  to  commit  the 
command  of  an  army  to  a  person  Glr.;  yiil- 
la  dmag  ^dren-pa  to  lead  an  army  against, 
to  invade  a  country,  frq.;  dmag  rgydg-pa 
Glr.j  *mag  fdb-pa*  C.  to  war,  to  make  or 
wage  war,  dmag-rgydg  (or  dmag-^drhi)  res 
mdh'du  byid'pa  to  make  war  upon  each 
other  Glr. ;  mtt-siegs-pai  dmdg-gis  bzuh  he 
was  made  a  prisoner  by  an  army  of  Brah- 
manists  Glr.\  dmag  stoh  1000  men  Pth.; 
dmdg-gi  fsogs  stoh-prdg  siim-bu  an  army  of 
30000  men  Dzl.  —  2.  in  a  gen.  sense,  mul- 
titude, number,  host,  *7nag'Uh(s)*  W.  a  beating 
up  of  game,  a  battue;  *mag'n6r*  property 
of  the  community,  =  *(8)p/-7M>r*  W.  —  3.  Cs. 
and  Sch.  war.  — 


f^^r^O^ 


I  V\^  .  C    .    V<SC\.  ( 


422 


*s3^^ri^'  dmdg-pa 


51 


^^trefCJ  dmdffs^a 


Comp.    dmag-firvms  'martial  law'  Cs.  — 
^mag-'tug*  W.  war,  contention,  contest  — 

dmiag-mgd  Ma,  vanguard,  front  or  first  line 
of  the  army.  —  dmag-sgdr  encampment, 
jd4gs-pa  to  pitch  a  camp.  —  dmag-bsgrig 
troops  drawn  up,  battle-array  ScA  —  dmag- 
ISds  requisites  for  war,  military  stores,  am- 
munition Pth,  —  *7aag'td}f  6'.,  W,  war.  — 
dmag-ndr  v. above  sub  no.2  mag-ndr*. — dmag- 
snd=' dmag-Tngd  Ma,  — dmag-dpun  army. — 
dmag^p6n  commander,  general.  —  dmag- 
bran  ^  dmag-sgdr.  —  dmag-mi  warrior, 
soldier.  —  drndg-mo  =  dmag^  drndg-mo  lie 
bskvr-ba  Pth,  to  send  out  a  great  army.  — 
dmag-fsogs  *=  dmag-dpun,  —  dmag-Uns  v. 
above. 

^^R]*^  dmdg-pa  v.  ^pT]'^'  mdg-pa, 

r^^'  dnuins  the  common  people,  populace, 
^  multitude,  vulgar;  dmam-kyi  st&n- 

mo  a  banquet  for  all  Mil,\  dTtians  pdl^a 
the  vulgar,  the  common  people;  one  of  the 
common  people ;  dmdn^-rigs  id. ;  used  also 
as  an  abusive  word:  mean  fellow;  when 
referred  to  Indian  matters  =  ijy,  the  caste 
of  Craftsmen,  not  so  low  as  yddl-ba. 
c^r-^  dmdd'pa  Sch,  invective,  abuse, 

^     ^       (does  not  suit  to  S.g,  21). 
ff^x-q-  drndn-pa  (cf.  dma-ba)  1.  low,  v. 

'  '  mfd-ba;  gen.  fig.,  in  reference  to 
quantity,  little,  dman  Ihag  log  either  too 
little,  or  too  much,  or  badly  constituted,  e.g. 
gall,  and  other  humours  of  the  human  body 
MecL;  bedd-nams  dman -pa  having  little 
merit,  bio  dmdn-pa  having  little  sense  Glr. ; 
with  dcye-ba  v.  skye-ba  II. ;  in  reference  to 
quality:  indifferent,  inferior  Ssk  ^j\if,  rim- 
pas  ddn-po  mcog  yin  pyi-ma  dman  in  the 
order  (of  enumeration)  the  first  is  always 
better,  the  next  following  inferior  S.g,; 
*men'hdr*  maiden,  girl,  virgin  C,  (cf.  skye- 
dmdn);  depressed  in  spirits  Wd/i,;  poor,  piti- 
able, ri'dwdgs  dmdn-ma  the  poor  deer  Mil, ; 
dman-sa  or  dman-^a^  ^dzin-pa  to  choose 
the  low,  humble  part,  to  be  humble,  to 
humble  one^s  self,  frq.;  dmdnsa  zun  dan 
mfd^ar  deb  Mil,  choose  what  is  low,  and 
you  will  obtain  what  ie  high.  —  2.  dman 


for  skye-dmdn  woman,  opp.  to  po  Mil,  — 
3.  in  Mil.  sometimes  alsoformd-wo,  srm-mo, 
^m^  dnuir  profit,  gain,  good  success,  dmar 

'  {fttw  a  small  profit  Mil ;  dmdr-po  adj., 
fiigS'ddm  dmdr^o  byun-ham  did  it  go  on 
well  with  your  ineditation?  MiL^  dmar-Krid 
Cs.  'practical  instruction',  e.g.  in  the  heaUng 
art;  ace.  to  my  authorities  it  signifies  the 
last  'finishing'  instruction,  in  religion  Mil., 
in  medical  science  Med. 
s^xrif  dmar-poj  fem.  dmdr-mo  (seldom), 

'  dmdr-ba^  adj.  1.  red,  firq.,  Tndog- 

dmdr-po  one  red -coloured  (lit.  red  as  to 
colour)  Dom.\  dmdr-hai  spyan  red  eyes  Glr,; 
sna  dmdr-ba  having  a  red  trunk  or  pro- 
boscis Glr,\  drndr-bay  also  redness  and  to  be 
red.  -  2.  v.  dmar.  —  Comp.  dmar-^kyd  pale 
red.  —  dmar-Urd  Lt,  red-spotted.  —  dmar- 
Urid  V.  dmar.  —  *mar''hhi*  raw  meat  W.— 
dmar-ljdn  greenish  red  Mil.  —  *mdr'tag 
cod*  W.  the  red  of  evening  has  vanished 
from  the  mountains.  —  dmar-fdbf  —  dmm'' 
fdr  V.  tor-pa.  —  dmar-mddhs  Sch.  1 .  brigM 
red(?)  2.  ruddy  complexion.  —  dmar- Jim 
Lt.  medicinal  herb ;  in  Lh.  =  bya-po-tsi-tsi. 
—  dmar-ndg,  skud-pa  dmar-ndg  piyis  two 
threads,  one  black,  the  other  red,  used  in 
magic.  —  dmar-smyttg  blackish  red. — mar- 
zan-zdn  scarlet-red.  —  dmar-ydl  red  china- 
ware  (?  opp.  to  dkar-ydl)  Med.  —  dmar-bMl 
Sch.  dysentery,  bloody  flux.  —  dmar-ik 
irpo)  reddish  yellow,  honey-coloured  Glr. 
^^'^  dTuda-pa  Cs.  wounded. 

rljqrq-  K^qyar  dmig-pa,  dmig-bu  Lex, 
^      H'    1^   1^  and  a.  hole. 

^^npr  dmigs  sbst.  v.  the  following. 

r^ZTOTin'  dmigs'pa  1.  vb.  (analogous  to 
'  '  8gom'pd)y  to  fancy,  to  imagine 
Tar.  73,  5.  prob.;  to  think,  to  construe  in 
one's  mind,  dmigs-te  Glr.  or  vulgo  dmigs-la 
in  imagination,  e.g.  to  do  a  thing  in  ones 
mind,  which  at  the  time  one  is  not  able  to 
perform  in  reality ;  this  according  to  a  Bud- 
dhist's belief  is  permitted  in  various  cases 
(e.g.  *8hn-mi  mig-la  puUbe^  W.y  to  bring  an 
ofiFering  in  mind,  in  imagination);  itisat^ 
tended  with  the  same  beneficial  ejects,  as 


^^^^^^'  dmigS'pa 


^ 


423 


^gO}'^  dmijdlia 


if  actually  doDe,  and  in  legends,  especially, 
it  is  generally  followed  by  a  happy  reali- 
sation of  what  had  been  desired.  —  dmigs- 
so  S.O,  prob.:  it  is  imaginable,  it  may  be 
done  in  mind;  don  dmigs-pa  to  intend  a 
benefit  or  profit  for  another  person  Mil 

—  Generally  2.  sbst.,  thought,  idea,  fancy 
^ "  ^Iflri^t, yu\go*mig(8)*;dmigs'pairteni)roh.: 

a  thing  only  supposed,  an  object  imagined 
Thgr.\  dmigs'pa  ^  ston-pa^  Jbogs-pa  to 
give  (to  another  person)  an  idea  of,  to  make 
a  suggestion  Mil;  *mtg-la  do  go*  W.  means 
also:  do  it,  execute  it,  according  to  your 
own  mind,  I  cannot  supply  you  an  exact 
pattern  of  it ;  dmigs-ban  ingenious,  sicilful  in 
contriving  W. ;  dmigs-pa-las  ^dds-pa  =  bsdmr 
by  at  yul'las  ^dds-paf  —  yens-TnedQ^ar) 
dmtgs'pa  (dan)  bi^al-bas-na  indisturbable 
by  fancies  of  the  mind,  free  from  every 
working  of  the  imagination  MU,;  dmigs- 
pa-'frUdrpai  snyih-rje  Mil  seems  to  be,  ace 
to  Thgy.^  the  pity  which  the  accomplished 
saint,  who  has  found  every  thing,  even  re- 
ligion, to  be  vain  and  empty,  feels  towards 
all  other  beings,  in  as  far  as  they  are  still 
subject  to  error  and  mistake,  opp.  to  s^ms- 
han-la  dmigs-pai snyin-rje,ajid  cds-la  drnigs- 
pat  snyin^e  the  tender  sympathies  called 
forth  by  the  sight  of  beings  that  are  really 
suffering  and  of  those  defective  in  morality 

—  a  play  upon  empty  phrases,  in  as  much 
as  in  the  very  narrative,  from  which  the 
passage  above  is  quoted,  the  natural  soft- 
ness of  Milaraspa  is  evidently  excited  by  . 
a  very  positive  case,  and  not  by  any  re- 
flexions of  an  abstract  nature.  —  ^mig-pa- 
n§  ZQ-pa*  {y,bz6-ba)C:  done  only  in  thought, 
supposed,  fictitious ;  dmigs  fams-cdd  brydd- 
nas  forgetful  of  all  the  beautiful  fancies, 
schemes,  and  airy  notions;  dmigs-pa  ytdd- 
pa  prob. :  to  direct  one's  thoughts,  fancies, 
la  to  Tar.  189,  2.  (where,  no  doubt,  yfad- 
na  is  to  be  read);  dmigs-ytdd  mental  object, 
dmigs-ytdd  brdl-bai  mdl-Jbyor-pa  a  saint 
that  is  free  from  such  objects;  ace.  to  our 
Lama  also  =  ytdd-so  q. v. ;  dmigs-ysdl  Lea, ; 
(iScA. ;  'a  clear  notion'),  perh.  misspelt  for 
dmigs 'hdl  exception  from  a  rule  Gram,; 


a  particular  mention,  marking  out,  exemp- 
tion of  a  person,  in  magisterial  orders  or 
enactments  W:  —  dmigs-bu  a  blind  man's 
leader  Dzl^  Lea>  =  Idn-UM-pa,  —  nyes- 
dmigs  Mil  and  elsewh.,  'punishment.  In 
the  last  three  examples  the  etymological 
relationship  is  not  quite  evident. 
^TV     X.'  dmu^  rmu  a  kind  of  evil  demon, 

^  '  N5  rarely  mentioned  Lex. ;  rmu-^ydd 
wild,  angry,  passionate;  a  violent  fellow,  not 
safe  to  deal  with  Mil ;  dmu-bld  a  wild,  iras- 
cible mind&A.;  hence drntts-byun  terrifying, 
frightful  ScL;  perh.  also  dmus-Un  blind, 
bodily  blind,  whilst  lon-ba  may  be  applied 
also  to  spiritual  blindness  Dzl,  Glr,  and 
elsewh.,  and  dmvr'Su  dropsy,  esp.in  the  chest 
and  in  the  belly  Med,;  dmu-skrdn  Sch.  an 
oedema,  tumour  filled  with  water. 
r^yq-  dmun-pa  darkened,  obscured,  bh; 

^^       miin-pa, 

^^^^  dfnul'ba  v.  ^dzum-pa. 
^N^'^'  dmur-ba  v.  mur-ba, 
^^^'QJC^'  dmus-loh  v.  dmu,  a 
^^'^'  drnd-ba  v  rmS-ba, 

r^-q-  dmdd-pa  I.  vb.  Cs.  to  curse,  accurse, 
^  execrate,  dmdd-pa  bySd-paid.  Tar. 
14.  17.  —  II.  sbst.  dmod-pa  Dzl^  dmod,  Glr. 
and  elsewh.,  imprecation,  execration,  male- 
diction; dmdd-mo  id.;  joined  with  Jbdr-ba, 
^d&r-ba^  ^dztig-pa^  smd-ba:  1.  to  CUrse,  tO 
execrate,  dran-srgn-gis  dmod^pa  bor-bai  lo 
btu-ynyis  the  twelve  years  on  which  a  curse 
had  been  pronounced  by  the  saint  Dzl  2. 
to  swear,  to  confirm  a  treaty  by  an  oath 
Glr.  3.  to  pronounce  a  prayer  or  conjuration, 
Iha-la  to  the  deity  Glr.  4.  to  affirm,  e.g. 
to  say'  *^kon-^dg  ^e*  or  the  like.  The  word 
seems  to  be  nearly  related  both  to  smdd- 
pay  and  to  sm>6n-pa^  but,  as  expressly  stated 
by  the  Lexx.y  is  not  synon.  with  these  verbs. 
C3;jai"fl'  dmydl'ba  I.  vb.  to  Cut  up,  to  cut 
■^  into  little  pieces,  meat  at  dinner 

Dzl^  a  punishment  of  hell  Dzl  —  II.  sbst. 
hell,  also  sems^  can 'dmydl'ba;  dmydl-bar 
^grd'ba  to  go  to  hell,  dmydl-ba  bco-brgydd 


424 


^g^^CI'  dmyiig-pa 


^ 


the  18  regions  of  hell;  tia-^mydl  the  hot 
hell,  gran-dmydl  the  cold  hell.  —  dmydl- 
ba-pa^  -po,  occupant  of  hell.  —  *nydl'Wa- 
tan*  W.  poor,  miserable,  wretched;  also  like 
v«^^  C/rd.,  =  my  own  little  self,  for  'I',  in 
humble  speech. 

Mqrn*  dmyug-paCs.  to  show,  dmyug- 
^  '  dmyug-pa^  dmyiig-^a  byM-pa  to 
show  repeatedly,  to  boasL  Yet  cf.  myug^a. 
X--  rma  WOUnd  -fi ,  C ;  hd-la  rma  byuh  I 
was  wounded;  i^ma  Jbyin-pa  to  wound, 
"t^ma  yso-ba  to  heal  a  wound ;  rmai  Ihd-ba 
Sch.  'a  wound  growing  worse' ;  yet  cf.  Ikd- 
ba.  —  rvid-Ka  1.  the  orifice  or  edges  of  a 
wound.  "2.  W.  inst.  of  rma  wound,  *rul'li 
fdm-te  md-Ha  ton*  he  has  been  wounded 
by  the  bite  of  a  serpent.  —  rma- cos  Sch, 
plaster,  cataplasm;  dressing,  bandage.  —  7771a- 
fjes  Sch.  scar,  cicatrix.  —  i^fna-f^nyin  an  old 
wound.  —  i^masmdn^  rma^rtsis  medicine 
or  salve  for  a  wound.  —  rmaymfsan  scar 
Bhar,  —  rma-rd  Sch,  scurf,  scab.  —  rma- 
V  hu  a  festering,  suppurating  wound.  —  'naa-' 

suhcax.  —  rma-srolSch,  the  act  of  wounding, 
the  wound  received  (?)  —  rma-ysdl  a  fresh 
wound. 

$j'^'  rmd-cu  n.p.,  the  river  Hoangho  Glf\ 

J|'<3&31'  rma-ben  v.  rmd-bya, 

x-'n*  rmd-ba^  pf.  ^^mas  1.  to  ask,  obs..  Lea. 

2.  to  wound  Dzl. 
Xj-fl-  rma-^a  (vulgo  often  *mdb-ja*\  H^. 
^  peacock,  living  wild  in  India,  an  object 
of  superstition  with  Buddhists  and  Brah- 
manists.  —  rma-bya'C^-po  n.  of  a  deity 
Damr,  rma-^&n  Wdk.^  H^\H\^(S  Will.'. 
'one  of  the  5  tutelar  deities  of  the  Bud- 
dhists' ;  Sch. :  rma-cen  Jboni-ra  'lord  of  the 
yellow  stream' (?). 

x-r-  Ismail y  provinc.  rmih  Glr.  ground,  foun- 
dation, rman  ^din  -  ba  to  lay  a  foun- 
dation G/r.;  rtsig-nndn  id.;  rmdh-rdo  foun- 
dation-stone. 

x-r'Qj£r'  TTnun-^fser^  sman-^ts^  or  -fsar 
Sch.  1.  pincers  to  pluck  out  hairs; 
Cs.  instrument  for  cleaning  the  nostrils.  — 
2.  Sch.  rake  (instrument). 


§f^^  rmug-pa 

x-r  wyt •  f^mdh'lam  Sch.  =  rmi4ain^  of  rare 

occurrence. 
x-r-q"  f^^ddrpa  or  rather  usually:  rrndd- 
du  byuh'ba^  i^mad-byun  wonderful, 
marvelous,  and  no-mfsar-midd-du  ^'tr-ba 
to  wonder,  to  be  surprised  at,  fq. 

Xj^q-  rmdn-pa  Sch.  wounded;  rmds-pa  v. 

^  rmd'ba. 
|j*n'  ^^«-J«j  pf  rmisy  to  dream;  nmrUm 
resp.  mndl'lam  a  dream,  rmi-lam  za- 
zi  a  troubled  dream  Lt. ;  mi-bzah-ba  a  por- 
tentous, ill-boding  dream  S.g.;  rm-km 
mfdn-btty  rmi-ba  to  dream,  mu-lam-du  rdl- 
bar  rmis-so  he  dreamt  that  he  had  been 
torn  to  pieces  DzL;  nm-lam-du  Jbyun-ba 
to  appear  in  a  dream  Dzl.;  nm-lam  brtdg- 
pa  Cs.  to  judge  of  dreams,  Hddrpa  Ci.  to 
interpret  dreams. 

Et^SI'  7vm^-s^a  Sch.  a  saddle  that  may  be 
^'^  folded  together. 
Slqrq-  rmig-pa  1.  hOOf,  rmig-pa  Sa-brdg, 

'  rmig-brdg  Cs.  a  cloven  hoof,  mg- 
pa'Ua-4n'dg-can  cloven- footed;  rndg-zUm 
an  undivided  hoof;  rta-rmig  a  horse's  hooli 
also  name  of  a  plant  Wdh.;  yydg-rmig  a 
yak's  hoof;  rrmg-lddgs  horse-shoe  Gs.;  rfmg- 
(y)zer  horse-shoe  nail,  hob-nail  6«.  —  2. 
W.  horse-shoe,  gyah-he  to  put  on  a  horse- 
shoe, to  shoe. 
^Cflfawyn'  'rmig^^ypO'  lizard,  of  a  small  kind 


lie- 


rmm  v.  rman. 


^  rmu  V.  dmu. 

x.-n'  'rmu'ba  Cs.  1.  dullness,  heaviness.— 
ND  2.  fog.  --  rmus-pa  1.  Cs.  dull,  heavy; 
Lex.  peevish,  loath,  listless.  2.  foggy,  gloomy, 
dark,  nam  rmit^'pa  a  dark  night  DzLy  (£ 
i^mugs-^a;  cotered  with  fog,  yidy  Dzl.  — 
rmu-fa^  1.  a  cord  to  which  little  flags  are 
attached,  on  convents  etc.  2,  Glr.  fol.  24, 
sqq.,  here  the  word  seems  to  denote  some 
supernatural  means  of  communication  be- 
tween certain  ancient  kings  and  their  an- 
cestors dwelling  among  the  gods, 
x-m-q-  i^mug-pa^  pf  .  rmugSy  1 .  to  bite,  fi.,  C, 
\5  '       —  2. to  hurt,  to  sting,  of  beesetcIK; 


tt  gall,  the  feet  by  friction  of  the  shoes  W. 
—  3.  to  bark  W. 

Mfwi-^  rmdig^^a  1.  a  dSASe  fog,  Kjfimiog 
^   '  is  coming  on,  ^fib  Cs.  id.;  sam 

has  cleared  away  C$.;  rmiSig$'pa^an  foggy; 
nam  rmiig»-fa  Dzl.  ^^  12,  a  dark,  foggy 
night  (another  reading :  rmit&'^);  Dzl.  9^^^i 
1 5,  nij/vn^^mX^an-^  yul  rmugihpa  (rmus'pa)^ 
covered  with  fog,  wrapt  in  darkness.  — 
2.  Seh.  eyeis  heavy  with  sleep.  —  3.  ineriness, 
languor,  laziness  ^i2.;  inert,  languid,  thiggisb, 
nnuffs-par  byidrfa  Dom, 

ffgrif  """^^^^  C^'  dully  heavy,  stupid;  io 
>o  '-      rmfStn^  S.g.  sour  milk(?). 

ex^qr  'rmur-ba  to  gnariand  bite  each  other, 
of  dogs  Lex, 

^^V[  rmus-pa  v.  rmu-ba. 

>o 

^•q«  rm^ba  I.  to  be  economizing,  parsimo- 
nious Lea, ;  itris-  (Sch.  sridf)  and  s^ 
rme-ba  Lea.  id.  — 

II.  also  dm^-ia  and  atn^-ia  1.  sbstspot, 
speck,  mark,  a  natural  mark,  on  a  cane  MiL; 
mole,  mother^pot;  ^m^idl*  W.mark  of  burn- 
ing; a  detestable  sin,  esp.  murder;  undeanness 
of  food,  rme-ytsan-mid  or  ffsan-rme^mid 
making  no  difference  as  to  clean  or  unclean 
food  M%L\  rme-grib  moral  defilement;  rme- 
horban  Wdn.y  ^me-ha  zorkan^  W.,  eating  un- 
clean flesh,  as  an  animal  tbat  devours  its 
own  young.  —  2.  adj.,  also  rmd-ba-can^ 
mU-tan  Wdn,^  rm^  Lea.  unclean,  defiled, 
contaminated. 

Sj-x-  rmS-rUj  n.p.  1.  mountain  on  the  Chi- 
nese frontier  Glr,  —  2.  a  castle  in 
Lhasa  Obr, 

^qi-q-  rmeg-fa  ^ytan  order,  series,  row  Lea,^ 
'      rmig-medrpa  disordered,  not  regu- 
lated.  oX>o  ^^?T,  JlUto  O^ii  .  4^11^  ^  * 
^-  rmed  crupper,  attached  to  a  saddle,  «^a- 
'  yi  rmid  Leaa.\  gdh-rmed  Pth, 

j^^n*  ^^(h^<^  !•  also  ^mid-pay  p£  rmes^ 
'  to  ask,  dri'iin  mUdrpar  rndzad-pa 
id.  resp,  AtiL;  myim-dri  »mid-pa  MiL  = 
^mfim^dH  i&^a.  —  U.  to  plough  and  sow; 
rmid'du  )ug-pa  to  cause  to  be  ploughed 
,and  sown,  e.g«rice  DzL  n^^eJr.  /^iX^-^fec 


^ 


425 


§'^  tmyorba 


\grir  rmen^a  Lea,  rmin-bu  Lt,y  lorrmin 
^  MiL  and  vulgo,  gland,  swelling  of  the 
glands,  wen. 

iiOra*  itaTCT  ^"^Wa,  smSlia  1.  to  pluck 
a^-^N,  ^NN  ^^c,,W,,Lea,,Y.baL- 
2.  to  become  threadbare  W.  —  3.  Sch.  to 
appoint,  to  call,  to  invite. 

^OTpr  rmo^nags  Sch,  =  smre-rndgs. 

'if^  rmd-mo  1.  Ci.  •=  mor-ifun.  —  2.  Sch. 

grandmother. 
|<q«  rmd'ba^  pf.  and  imp.  nno$  1.  to  plough 
^  (up),  Hn  frq.;  to  SOW  and  plough  in 
Jn*as  Dzl;  ma  rrnds-pai  lo-fdg  1.  a  fabih 
lous  kind  of  grain  in  the  mythical  age.  2. 
maize,  C,  W,  —  rmd-po,  rmd^mXan  plough- 
man. —  2.  ^yiidrrnuhba  v.  ^ddrpa. 
gV  rmog  helmet  Glr.\  rmog-tsdna  Cs,  'the 
'  padding  in  a  helmet';  Krab-rmog  coat 
of  mail  and  helmet 

gr^n*  ^"^w-i^  vb.  and  sbst,  pf.  rmans  to 
be  obscured;  obscurity,  chiefly  in  a 
spiritual  seuse;  also  adj.  obscured,  stultified 
Stg.;  more  frq.  rmom-^a,  e.g.  blOy  the  mind 
darkened,  by  false  doctrine  Thgy.\  by  sor- 
row, despondency, -•  despairing,  despon- 
dent, unnerved  Dzl,^  with  la  or  termin.,  as 
to,  with  regard  U> ..  .\bloma  rmdm-pa^  or 
rmons-mdd  MU.  a  mind  lively,  unimpaired, 
susceptible,  la  of;  kun-fit'-rmdn  ^as-^H-ba 
an  ample  share  of  irrationality,  the  prin- 
cipal obstacle  to  the  happiness  (ma-UdTn- 
pa)  of  those  beings  which  are  bom  as  beasts; 
rmSn-par ^^gyitr-bato  be  obscured,  darkened, 
byidrpa  to  obscure,  to  darken  QJar.^  also: 
to  confound,  perplex,  deceive,  a  mgo  doir" 
ba  Tar.;  rmdn-bu  Lem^  without  expl.,  Ct; 
'a  kind  of  distemper';  rmdh-^pu  hair  of  the 
abdomen  and  the  pudenda,  ra-fug  rmon- 
spus  Ihog-pa  Jom  S.g.  the  belly-hair  of  a 
he-goat  tends  to  heal  cancer. 
Kc'fl-  rmddrfa  Cs.  to  plough,  rmodrgldn  a 

'  plough-ox;  rmodrldm  Sch.  fiirrow. 
g^^  rmdn^a  1 .  the  ad  of  ploughing ;  rTndn- 
pa  rgydb-pa  to  plough  Ca.  —  2.  a 
plough-ox,  rmonrdAr  a  yoke  of  plough-oxen. 
x^^rmgd-ba  S.g.  sickneos,  nausea,  Ham- 
.5»      rmyd  Lea.  id. 

6] 


426 


fiC^  rmydh-ba 


^ 


W\ 


wnan 


St"  ^rS  ha  to  stretch  one's  self,  to 
stretch  forward  the  neck;  hya-rmydh  hyid- 
fa  id.  Cz.  also:  to  yawn. 

^  mMJL  y.  dma, 

^^8WM£-ra  beard  MiL^  smd-ra-ban  bearded. 

Kfoysmag  1.  a  sort  of  medicine  of  an  as- 
^  '  tringent  taste  Med.;  smdg^gyu  black 
pepper.  —  2.  dark;  darkness;  mim-pai smog- 
ritm  id.  Glr, 

^CfS^  eman'-fsir  v.  rman-JCser, 

^r«  smady  IWT)  1-  the  lower  part,  opp.  to 
^  ^  9tod\  smdd'la  downward  ScL;  Uis-hfi 
smad  the  lower  half  of  the  human  body, 
frq.;  miad  ^py^-pa  Sch.:  'to  move  the  pos- 
terior to  and  fro'  (?).  —  Iw-smad-lna  sd-la 
yt&g-pa  to  bring  the  five  lower  parts  of  the 
body,  the  belly,  the  knees,  and  the  points 
of  the  feet  in  close  contact  with  the  ground, 
i.e.  to  prostrate  one's  self;  hence  ilo8-go8 
smad  Ina  Dzl  9^^  16,  the  five  lower  pieces 
of  the  priestly  apparel,  perh.  breeches,  stock- 
ings and  boots;  the  meaniug,  however,  of 
semji''8mdd  bbchbrffydd  Pth.  I  am  not  pre- 
pared to  settle.  —  2.  lowland  ==  man-Md. 
—  3.  low  rank,  v.  smad^a  below.  —  4. 
with  regard  to  time,  the  latter  part,  the  second 
half,  ^^^PT^,  of  the  night,  DzL,  of  winter,  of 
life  etc.  —  5.  children,  in  relation  to  their 
mother,  gen.  preceded  by  ma  or  6w,  thus: 
ned  ma-8mdd  I  aud  my  mother  Mil,;  rgdn- 
mo  ma-smdd  ysum  the  old  woman  with  her 
(two)  sons,  those  three D^Z.;  also  of  animals: 
rgddrma  ma-smdd  ynyis  the  mare  and  her 
foal,  the  two  Dzl. ;  bti-smad  (Ca.  also  mad) 
wife  and  children,  family;  nddrpa  dei  bur 
smAd  MU.  the  sick  man's  family;  bu-smddr 
mams  (my)  wife  and  children  MiL 

Comp.  amad-Jal  lewdness,  dissoluteness, 
prostitution,  by^d-pa  to  indulge  in,  to  prac- 
tise MU.  —  amad^^ddgs  a  subscribed  letter 
Gram.  —  smadr-^on-ma  ^meretrix\  prosti- 
tute, harlot,  frq.  —  9madr-yy6g%  nether  in- 
teguments, breeches,  trowsers  Wdn.  C- 
STnadrTigs  common  people,  lower  caste  Dzl. 


^jr-q-  amddrpa  I.  vb.  1.  to  bend  down;  to 
^^  hand,  to  reach  down,  the  alms  bowl 
to  a  little  boy  Dzl. ;  (Sch.  'to  stoop'  ?);  ydon 
amdd'pa  to  cast  down  one's  eyes,  to  be 
abashed,  dejected  Tar.]  sems  to  humble 
one's  self,  Za  before  Dzl^  fugs  id.  resp.:  to 
be  condescending,  lowly,  meek  2>2J.  — 2.to 
vilify,  c.  la  or  accns.:  to  Mame,  to  chMe,  M- 
'mo  one's  own  daughter  Dzl.^  bddg-gi  shn^- 
la  to  blame  one's  self  Dzl ;  to  abuse,  defame, 
degrade,  traduce,  tsig  ndr-pas  ^dgs-pa^a 
(to  abuse)  the  venerable  man  with  base 
words  IfeZ.,  dkon^rnidg^  dbu^^dh  (to  de- 
grade) the  highness  of  the  excellent,  « to 
blaspheme;  to  despise,  the  doctrine  &&*.;to 
dishonour,  violate,  ravish,  bu^moi  Ztes  a  girl 
Pth.\md'gar4hanydms-'9madrpaitse  Tar.l^i 
when  (the  country  of)  Magadha  had  been 
brought  low,  had  decayed  in  its  prosperity; 
smdd-pai  tsig  or  nag  abushfe  word,  InvecUve, 
libel;  smad-ra  (prop,  sgra)  id.,  more  in  the 
language  of  the  common  people,  but  also 
Mil,;  smddrra  yfdn-ba  Mil.^  ^tan-^e*  W.  to 
abuse,  to  revile;  amadrrigs  common  people. 
Il.sbstblame,  repreof,  reproach,  disgrace, 
contempt 

xrr-  sman  1.  medicine,  physic,  remedy,  both 
^^  artificially  prepared  and  crude :  medi- 
cinal herb,  drug;  m  aman  Jit-ba  to  gather 
officinal  plants  on  the  mountains  Dzl.\  men- 
la  ^do*  C,  *man4a  ?a*  TT,  (the  plant)  is 
used  as  a  medicine;  sman  sbydr^ba  to  prepare 
a  medicine,  ytdn-ba  to  administer,  zd-ba  or 
^t&h'ba  to  take  (physic) ;  different  forms  of 
medicine  are :  fdn-gi  sman  liquid  medicine, 
infusion,  decocture;|7^^mai  sman  powder; 
ril-bu  pill;  Id^gu  electuary,  sirup;  snurn- 
mar  oily  medicine  (Tar.  39,  8);  amanrUn 
prob.  alcoholic  tincture;  Jbri-ta  extract(?). 
—  Further:  Kon-aTnan  medicine  taken  in- 
ternally, byug-aman  used  externally,  un- 
guent; Jbydr^sman  plaster;  6j2t-«wan sopori- 
ferous  potion;  skyug-sman  emetic;  bkdl- 
aman  piirgative.  —  amdn-gyi  bla,  or  sman- 
bla  Qlr.  nnd  Med.;  Sch.:  'physician  general', 
yet  to  my  knowledge  it  is  never  used  in 
that  sense,  but  only  as  a  god  or  Buddha 
of  therapeutics;  there  are  eight  such  gods, 


S^C|'  amdr-ba 


51 


S^^  smo'ba 


427 


revexed  by  studentB  of  medicine,  and  fre- 
qaently  invoked  in  medicinal  writings,  as 
well  as  in  medical  practice,  v.  Schi,  p.  266 
sqq.  (^sman-ffyi  Iha  Glr,,  is  prob.  but  a 
niisprint).  —  Other  compounds isman^kydl 
medicine -bag,  smaller  or  larger  leather- 
bags  being  the  usual  receptacles  for  the 
commodities  of  grocers  and  the  drugs  of 
physicians.  —  smdn-Udn  apothecary's  shop. 
—  »man~ll^  medicine-bag.  —  sman-sgd  a 
kind  of  officinal  ginger  (?)  S.g,  —  STnan- 
sgdm  medicine-box.  —  «?»aw-w?<W  the  best, 
or  a  very  superior  medicine  Pth.  —  sman^ 
Ijdns  a  country  rich  in  medicinal  plants.  — 
iman-rfd  the  vehicle  or  substance  in  which 
medicine  is  taken  Med,  —  zman-snod  me- 
dicine glass  or  vesseL  —  muinrfa  physi- 
cian Dd.^  Glr.^  Med.  —  smdip^ipe  medical 
book.  —  sman-^'pydd  v.  dpydd-pa.  —  8man- 
bid  V.  above. 

II.  the  same  as,  or  something  like  klu 
Olr.,  MU. 

III.  Lex,  ^ ^an;  Sch,  also  has:  sman- 
Urns  'a  beneficent  mind,  a  mind  intent  on 
working  good\ 

IV.  incorr.  for  dman, 

fi^n*  8772<ir-Aa  1.  sbst ,  ready  money,  gen. 
**  vmar-rkydn*^  zan  min  mnar  money, 

and  not  goods  Lex,  —  2.  vb.  careless  and 
incorr.  pronunciation  of  mtvrd'ba, 
jipi^Jf'  rnhdUpo  n.  of  a  lunar  mansion  v. 
^  rffyvr^kdr, 

51^^  amds-pa  Sch,,,  v.  rmda-pa, 

•  rnnig-rgyit  mirage  Lex,  =  irfrf^; 
prob.  also  a  reflection  in  water,  &r- 
Jtrulr^mig-rgyu, 

Ssrg'  rndg-bu  lizard  Sch,y  v.  rmig{f)'pa. 


■^55'  S'^55 


»min*bdiiny  sme-bdim 
the   Great  Bear,   Urea 


major, 

w  mUn-pa^  I.  (f^ntni)  to  ripen,  ripe- 
'  ness,  maturity;  most  frq.  ripe,  Jbrda- 
bu  mun-no  B.j  smin  son  vulgo,  the  fruit 
is  ripe;  87rUn-par  ^^gyinr-ba  Glr,  dfndn  ^d«- 
ba  to  ripen;  the  growing  on  to  maturity 
of  an  animal  germ;  also  the  'stadium  ma- 
turationis',  or  the  full  development  of  a  ^  ^ 
disease  Med,;  applied  to  conversion  Pth,  L  ^ 
and  elsewh. ;  rgyud  mdn-Hn  grdlrbar  byin-  »  .  2f 
rlob%  give  them  the  benediction  for*^  vt* 


2 


gyts  rcoos  give 

being  saved  (absorbed  into  Nirvana)  after 

having  attained  to  maturity  of  mind  MU.;^ 

smin-grdlrla  or  smin-grdlrgyi  Idm-la  ^6dr 

pa  to  lead  to  conversion  and  salvation  Glr, ; 

mdm-par  sndn-pa  v.  mdmrpa,  —  smin-grol- 

gUn  n.  of  a  monastery  C%, 
IT.  Bal,  to  give  (sbyin-pa), 
'»•  smdn-ma  eye-brow,  mdv(^mai)  dbrag 
'       Med,^  Bmirir^ag  Mil,y  smin-^mtsama 

Glr.  the  space  between  the  eye-brows. 

«tqt-xr*  smtcg-dun  Med,  a  plant  =  smug- 

§  1^  rtoi(?). 

SprCI'  mkiiig-pa  Sch.  for  rmugs-pa  fog. 

gpn-gf'  smug-po  1.  sbst.  a  disease,  ace.  to 
^  '  Cs.  =  ^du8-nddy  v.  Jlu-ba,  1.  —  2. 
adj.  daric  bay,  cherry- brown,  purple-brown; 
*gyar-muj^  C.  violet  coloured;  dmar-smug 
brownish  white  Wdn.;  amugsmug  Sch,  dark 
red.  —  amug-rtsi  1.  red  colour,  with  which 
sacrificial  utensils  are  painted  Lex,  —  2. 
Macrotomia,  a  plant  with  dark-red  root,  used 
for  dyeing,  amug-fads  paint  or  colour  yielded 
by  this  plant  Ca, 
a"^^^  9fne-bdun  v.  amin-bdun. 


&T»r 


am^-ba  1.  v.  rme-ba,  -—  2.  rtata-kyi 
amS'ba  Lex,  a  kind  of  arithmetical 


figure  in  geomancy,  which  is  used  together 
with  the  Chinese  diagrams,  apar-ka  MU, 
grn-  amd-ba,  pf.  and  imp.  amoa,  not  frq., 

^  xrpf.  in  finnriA 


j-may  provmc.  for  amyug-Tna 
cane,  reed  Do. 
^Vjxot  mmi'darug  1.  also  akdr-ma-^fmir^ 
*^^  '  djrug  lii^ihi,  the  Pleiades;  amin- 

drug^dd'ha  the  month  in  which  the  moon  ^  yet  in  some  cases  of  constant  use,  for 
standing  near  the  Pleiades  is  full,  Oct.  or  amrd-ba  to  say,  miip^naa  amd-ba  to  call  by 
Nov.,  Glr,\  amin-darug-biiy  Hfpli^f(,  the  name,  to  name  Do,\  ,  .  ,l€a  amda-pa  the 
son  of  Siva,  god  of  war  Lex.  —  2.  Pur.  assertion  that » .  .  Wdn.;  gon-du  amda-pa 
Eremurus  spectabilis,  v.  bre.  above-mentioned  Do. ;  Zto  ^'smos  v.  Zto. 


H^"^  -^^^ 


'■?-■ 


(  .  '(fOC^ 


U.L^ 


428 


g^'q*  miM^pa 


^ 


^srtT  smddrpay  pf.  smadyLetc.  ^n^v.  tmi&i- 
^  ^  ptf ^  to  Mttll6,  bdoff  8tod  yian  smod  to 
praise  one's  self,  disparaging  others;  yhogs- 
87n6d  byM-pa  to  slander,  calumniate  Thgy,\ 
to  ileprectatey  to  make  contemptMo,  smod- 
par  ^gyu/r-bas  Stg.  because  it  would  be 
disreputable,  would  detract  from  his  honour. 
For  rniod-^dzuff-pa  it  would  prob.  be  better 
to  write  dmodr^dzuff^a. 
^^ZT  9mdnrpa  to  wMi,  to  desire,  with  la^ 
^^  dcyid-pa  yidn-la  na  mi  wmon  for  an- 
other happiness  I  do  not  wish  MH,\  more 
£rq.  with  termin.  of  the  infinitive,  aad  then 
=  to  pray  for,  Tgycirfo  dsy&iar  (to  pray 
for)  being  re-bom  as  a  king  DzL.\  sfndf^- 
pa  bldn^du  by^drpa  to  fulfil  a  prayer  DsA,; 
amdn-paiynaa  the  object  of  a  wish  or  prayer 
Cs.;  yid*8mdn  with,  desfro^  de  Mr^iog^ 
yid-sman  nd-la  med  I  do  not  wish  that  he 
should  come  MU.^  rin-ptMiaa  JU^lta-bur 
yid-mum  by^d-par  gykr-te  having  long  ago 
entertained  this  wii^  18^.;  ytd-smon  ^os 
worth  wishing,  desirable;  mum-jiAg  a  wish 
and  its  accomplishment,  Btnan^J^  y^yi*l 
smdn-lam^  HfWfVy  P^^yer,  whether  it  be  in 
the  general  wi^  oi  expressing  a  good  wish 
or  offering  a  petition  to  the  deity,  or  in  the 
specific  Brahmanic-Buddhistic  form,  which 
is  always  united  with  some  condition  or 
asseveration,  as:  if  such  or  such  a  thing 
be  true,  then  may  .  . .,  wiohing-prayer.  — 
8m(m^(lam)  I6g{^ar)  ^dSba-pa  to  curse,  to 


flri^^^.^o--^''-^'^ 


'*!•, 


com. 


ma  1.  cane,  bamkoo, 

amtf^tff'mai  sbubs  tube  of  bamboo  Ce.  — 
2.  a  pen  of  reed,  J^-pa^  W.  ^i&g-b^  to 
make  a  reed-pen ;  ^dirnyu^  id ,  improp.  also 
lead-pencil. 

Comp.  rnnyug-Urdg  6S1.,  ace.  to  others, 
mtyug^abr^g  tube  of  bamboo;  pen-case; 
small  chum,  «=  gwr-gier  (k,  —  ^wyug^Kyivf 
C.  house  constructed  of  bamboo.  —  wnyiig- 
mKan  a  worker  in  cane  Cs.  —  smyuff^dm 
a  chest  made  of  reed  Ca.  —  smyug-gri  pen- 
knife. —  myyug-Udg  flag,  fli^-stick;  long 
bamboo  Cb,  ~  ^nyug-fdP  C.  a  flat  basket 
—  miyug-tdgs  writer  Ck.  —  rnnyug-ddn  (k. 
=»  gur-gur, — amyug-yddn  m  at  of  reed,  cane- 
mat.  —  tmyug-yddgz  an  umbrella  made  of 
split  reeds  C%.  —  mtyug-adir  plate,  dish  or 
flat  basket,  ooustmcted  of  reed  C.  —  *nyug- 
Ud-me-to^  C,  Carthusian  pink.  —  amyug- 
fsigs  knot,  node,  joint,  of  reeds.  —  *nyug^ 
Idm^  C,  flat  basket^  —  amyug-Udd  comb 
made  of  bamboo.  gT-I^TYa;/.^*^^.. 

r«^  amyun-ba  to  fast,  to  oboorve  a  strict 
diet  Med. ;  often  in  a  religious  sense, 
smyun-'bar  byds-pa  Mid  ma  byas-pa  he  who 
has  strictly  observed  fasting,  and  he  who 
has  not  Do.;  amyun^ynds  the  fast,  the  act 
of  iastififi;  *9i^^n-n^  nyun-ne  zirni-^*  W.  to 
fast,  to  practise  abstinence.  V.  SchL  240. 
fi^n*  9myikr-ba  to  be  quicic,  expeditious,  in 
a  hurry,  to  hasten  Cs.  Cf.  n^r-ba. 


e:(ecrate.    ,^{a  ^ 


c^i    /j   ^    ^ 


or 


Q^^  smon  -  mgtHn  or  ^drin 
^'  comrade,  companion,  as- 
sociate, —  gr6gB-po  Lex.  ■ 
'5I(3r  «»wyaw?  Sch.:  mvyanhyidrpa  to  travel 
S  ^  on  business;  miyan-byed  bio -Ian  a 
trav^ing  derk  not  very  shrewd  Bhar.  106; 
this  would  seem  preferable  to  the  Ssk.  equi- 
valent, mentioned  in  Schf.^s  edition. 
^x^tx  ^T^dr-ba  Sch.  to  stretch  one's  self, 
S         after  sleep. 

^('tm-crr  |i(cn)'nr  ^^(»-s^»  ^fr^Cg)- 
S^  *^  nJ  '  ^^  '^  nJ  ^  «iin  cane,  writing- 
cane,  reed*pen;  Vo*  wyt-jw*  C.  goose-quill, 
^hdg-gi  nyi-gu*  €.  steel-pen. 


!'  UxCy  .  SfO*    ^Q*  smyd'ba^  myd-ba^  pf.  amyos, 

Tngrm  or  ^drin     v     '   ^       myoa  to  be  insane,  mad,  H-^am 


mi  drdn-par  myda-ao  they  lost  their  seises 
and  ran  mad  (with  grief)  JM.;  smyoa-aam 
is  she  mad?  Dzl. ;  anyin  myoa-pas  Do.,  bein^ 
deranged;  ^nyo  dug*  W.  he  is  crazy;  to  be 
mad,  as  dogs  Schr.]  to  be  intoxicated,  amyd- 
bad  Hu^a  intoxicating  liquor  Dd.]  rtdg^u 
myda-pai  ynaa  pot-houses,  foddlnig-plaGes 
Stg.-^  fig.  ^dodridga-hfia  myoa  DzL  be  is  mad 
with  lust;  amyd-bar  byid-pa  to  make  one 
mad  or  drunk.  —  amyo^byid  1.  narcoliCy 
amyo^ddrkyi  rdzaa  narcotic  medicine,  so- 
poriferons  poiiom, maddening  drink.  2.am/o^ 
byed^-lcyi)  ydon  a  demon  thateanses  a  state 


^\^'  mnydn^a 


«B| 


of  stapefiACtkm  (^  insanity.  3.  frenzy,  mad- 
neit.  4.  symb.  num.:  13. 
^rnr  smydn^a  insane,  frantic,  mad,  la-ddg- 
fn  pa  ny&n-pa  a  madman  from  Ladak; 
ffldn-pchde  Dzl,  a  mad  elephant,  Kyi  a  mad 
dog;  ^nydn-^a  ho  du^  W.  he  raves,  he  is 
stark  mad ;  *?o-nyon  hiff*  W.  he  has  been 
seized  'with  reUgioas  insanity,  is  deranged, 
which  is  stated  to  be  occasionaUy  the  effect 
of  severe  and  long  continued  meditation. 
Cf.  tton. 

ST^  smrd'ba,  sometimes  S^^  S77id-ia,  also 

Kjxro  ^^^wfr-i©)  pf-  9mras^  imp.  rnvros  1.  to 
^  Speak,  to  talk,  smra  ma  nvs-te  Dzl. 
growing  dumb,  speechless,  not  being  able 
to  speak  (physically);  bcm  mi  smrd-iar  yyur- 
to  they  grew  speecble^  did  not  know  what 
to  say  Dzl.\  wmra  i^-nas  tmr  gyvr-^to  they 
received  the  faculty  of  speech  and  became 
men  Glr.;b8lu^ai  mam-pa»  Uyeu  dan  9mrd»- 
te  Dzl.  speaking  to  the  youth  in  a  seductive 
manner;  tdg  ^nydn-par  smrd-ba  Dzl.  to 
in  a  friendly  way;  }Sos  smrd-ba  tO 
ij,  <h8  smrd-iai  idl-la  Itd-ba  to  hang 
00  the  preacher's  lips,  to  listen  very  atten- 
tively PtL;  da  ma  smra  hig  DzL  do  not 
lose  another  word ;  mwra-^ikaaQ-pa)  speak- 
ing shrewdly,  well-spoken,  eloquent  Dzl,, 
Glr.'y  smra-^ddd  talkative,  loquaciOM  Cs.; 
9mra-nyun  sparing  of  words,  taciturn,  Lt; 
tmrorbbdd  forbearing  to  speak ;  not  being 
boond  to  speak  MiL\  smra^midg^  smrdr- 
bai  dban-'^yiigy  smrd-iai  rgydl-po  ~  ^am- 


^{■^^'.r- 

c*.' 


'1:^. 


also  to  treat  of,  with  referenee  to 
books  Was.  —  2.  to  say,  mi-la  to  a  person; 
when  it  precedes  the  words  that  are  quoted 
as  they  were  spoken,  (the  so-called  'oratio 
obliqua*  being  very  seldom  made  use  of, 
one  instance  v.  further  on):  (di-skad-bes) 
smrda-pa  or  mirdsso;  when  placed  after  the 
words  spoken,  (des)  smrde^o,  smrdi^te  eU^; 
smrds-pa  also  is  equivalent  to  he  continued 
DzL ;  sometimes  it  is  used  impersonally,  it 
it  said,  e.g.  it  is  said  in  that  letter,  where 
we  should  say,  Hhat  letter  says',  Stg, ;  smrd- 
rgyu  ma  byM'-fto  there  remained  nothing 
more  for  him  to  say  (v.  above);  rarely  with 
termin.  inf. :  ytug-par  ni  na  mi  smrao  that 
they  will  reach  it,  I  do  not  pretend  to  say 
Thgy.;  h^s-par  smrd-ba  to  profess  to  know, 
to  understand,  like  ^artem  proJUerf  Dzl.; 
dnds-por  smrd^ba  to  acknowledge  a  thing 
in  substance  Was.,  m^-par  mnrd-ba  to  deny 
it  in  sum  and  substance. 

Note.  The  word  which  forms  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  though  constantly  to  be 
met  with  in  books,  seems  to  be  hardly  ever 
used  in  conversational  language. 
fIC*  ik;'  ^^^^^^9  smren  Cb.  word,  speech; 
5P'  51  9mraak  yidUba  to  beg  the  word, 
to  beg  leave  to  speak 

t^'  smrirba  1.  =  smrd-ba^?)  —  2.  lo  wail, 
to  lament  Pth.;  more  com  rnirs-mdgs 
Jl6n-pa  to  utter  lamentations;  smre-^dg9^ 
kyi  sffd-nas  whining  (with  joy)  Mil.  —^^amre- 

ttc. 


r 


Jf- 


C^^'^v 


^  fca,  1.  the  letter  sounding  b;  tenuis,  as     ^.  ^„  j^^  ,p^  q^^^^  binder. 

in  the  words  Ht  got  8o  cold ,  cf.  however      ^  ^  .j^^^ 

^  &a;  ^,  3^  and  g  represent  in  SsL  and     #^'  tsa^kdr,   Ssk.  ^f^  partridfO,  = 
—  '  '      ar^g-pa. 

Uorkrc^^^ha,  red  goooo,  Ana%  ea- 


Hindi-words  the  palatals  ^,  ^  and  'Sf  (M  ^ 

-  W>  -  2.  num.  fig.:  17.  ^     ^^'T 


utrca. 


v6    ^  > 

480  Tf^  ^  -'■ 


^^•(T) 


^^. 


nl. 


^..;^    ^^^  ^^^'^^''^'i  tsa-sar,  Pen.,  Hind. 
jX:>  shawl,  plaid,  doak,  toga 
W.  — 

^3\     ^'^\    ^'^  tsd-na,  tsd-nas,  isd-la 
''         '     '  V.  tsam. 

•yyTr  tsa-na-ka,  more  con.  'd'/B'^  Ssk., 

chick-pea,  Cicer  arietinvm. 

^''^Pr  tsd-biffy  V.  fsa-big, 

^"Xny  t8a'rdg^*t8a'rdgz^'de*Ld.\o  crackle, 

'  of  fire,  breaking  twigs  etc. 
^•x*  tad-ru  1.  W.  curied,  frizzled,  as  hair 
and  similar  things.  —  2.  Lea.:  Ssk. 
meat-offering  to  the  manes. 

t8a'^a(j'ka\  ^f^,  Coracias  Indica, 
jay,  roller. 

^iTrd-  ^4$^-^^  ^-  the  black  mark  in  a  target, 
'    '  tsdff-ge-la  gyob  hit  the  mark ! 

^dSiKSi  ^3idi  ^^^  "  daw,  tsdndatij  ^fViT, 
'  ' ' '  ^1  sandal-tree,  Swwm  myrtifo- 
Ifum^  sandal-wood,  used  for  elegant  build- 
ings, images  of  the  gods,  perfumes,  medi- 
cines 6Zr.,  ilf^.;  in  different  varieties:  dkdr- 
pOy  dmar-po  etc.,  also  of  fabulous  kinds: 
tsdn-dan  sbriiJrgyi  snyin-^o^  g&r-hi-ha,  gldn- 
mgo  Glr.,  Dzl.\  fig.  something  superior  in  its 
kind,  pa  tsdnnian  pii-nu  mi-lag-tu  son  the 
elder  and  younger  sons  of  a  distinguished 
father  perform  menial  services. 

^Wr*\C'  Uan-ddn  v.  btson-ddn. 

^4r\  ^^,  ^q-^q-  ^t^i  ^'^i 

hurry,  haste  Cs.,  tsab-tsub-danh^sty  Cs.;  tsab- 
tsiitb  mi  bya  Lex.  take  your  time,  don't  be 
in  a  hurry!  rtscA-rtsub-Tn^drpar  not  flitting, 
like  a  butterfly,  from  one  object  to  another 
MU.;  tmb'UnSch.  hastily,  in  a  hurry  (?) 
—  rtsab'hrdl  Lex.',  Sch.  a  loose,  dissolute 
course  of  life(?)  —  rtsdb-pa  Sch.  to  hurry, 
to  hasten  (?). 
^n%rx*  tsabs-rit  1.  a  kind  of  salt,  isabs-rvr- 

^  fsd  S.g.  —  2.  a  tube  of  horn  Sch. 

.^-  tsam  mostly  affixed  as  an  enclitic,  == 

snyed  (sometimes  carelessly  for  tsdfm^ 

pa  or  tsdm-du)  I.  in  a  relative  sense,  1.  as 

much  as  ^di-tsam  as  much  as  this,  =  so 


L 
^^  i8am 


much,  so  many;  mi  ^di  tsam  ysdd-pa  to  kill 
so  many  men  Glr. ;  d^-  tsam  id. ;  also  emphat. : 
cos  de  tsam  zig  bkddr-nas  after  having  given 
you  80  much  religious  instruction  Mil.',  by 
way  of  exclamation:  di-tsam  how  much!  W. 
and  J5.,  H-tsam  byas  how  much  have  you  not 
done!  Glr. ;  ji-tsam . . .  di-tsam  how  much. . . 
so  much  (as  much  as)Ci. — 2.  denoting  com- 
parison, as  to  size,  degree,  intensity,  like, 
as-as,  SO-as,  so  that:  ri^db  tsam  like  Sumem 
(in  height)  Cs  ;  yuns-Jbru  tsam  as  big  as  a 
grain  of  mustard-seed;  *de  fn  fdn-po  tsoim 
dtig  di'fsogs  di  yan  yodT  W.  as  high  as  yon 
mountain  is  also  this  one ;  pus-Tno  nub-pa 
tsam  even  to  sinking  in  up  to  the  knees 
(knee-deep);  nyi^yna  ^griihpa  tsam  so  much 
that  the  sun  was  darkened  Glr. ;  mfai  rgydl- 
po  yan  dbdn-du  ^dus^a  tsam  byun  he  be- 
came so  (powerful),  that  he  could  also  sub- 
due —  or  could  have  subdued  —  the  neigh- 
bouring kings  Glr.  —  3.  denoting  contin- 
gency and  restriction:  perhaps,  if  need  be, 
almost,  only,  but,  all  but:  fsab  run  tsdmnmo 
Wdn.  this  may  perhaps  be  used  instead, 
this  may,  if  need  be,  supply  its  place;  btan- 
na  nam-mUai  bya  yah  zin-{pa)  tsam  yda 
if  I  let  him  loose,  he  might  almost  catch  a 
bird  in  the  air,  =  zin-pa  dan  Jbra/o  Mil.; 
with  a  partic. :  rtags  ydd-pa  tsdm-la  =  rtags 
daii  ydd'pa-la  to  every  one  that  has  the 
mark  Glr. ;  rtsa  dan  rus-pa  tsamDzL  nothing 
but  skin  and  bones;  ^gro  mi  nus-pa  ^gdg- 
pa  tsam  Dzl.  one  only  creeping,  not  being 
able  to  walk;  ?a  tsam  hes  kyan  if  one  knows 
but  a  particle,  but  a  little  bit;  sems  tsdm- 
mo  they  exist  only  in  our  fancy  Was.;  tsigs- 
m>a  tsam  yddrdam  Dzl.  is  not  the  sediment 
at  least  still  left?  Ihdg-ma  tsam  zig  DzL 
but  a  remnant;  brgyatsam  may  mean :  about 
one  hundred,  or :  only  one  hundred ;  in  some 
cases  tsam  is  untranslatable:  Ina-brgyd  tsam 
fams'ddd  tsei  dies  byas-so  the  500  merchants 
died  all  DzL  (15, 9  s.l  c);  bdin-pa  tsam  yod 
MU.  some  grain  of  truth  is  in  the  matter; 
tsig  dan  mdm-par  Jiirdrba  tsam  ^d^-na^ 
^ah  Mil.  though  it  is  all  but  equal  to  the 
words,  i.e.  very  much  like  the  real  tenor 
or  wording;  it  may  also  be  combined  with 


tSSf  tsam 


^  tsi-lxi 


431 


the  signs  of  the  cases:  na  min  tsdm^gyi 
dgd'Slon  ma  yin  Dzl.  I  am  Bhikshu  not  only 
by  name,  I  am  not  merely  called  so;  da 
Uwm-gyi  bdr-du  Dzl,  till  about  the  present 
time  (standing  here  rather  pleon.,  as  frq. 
is  the  case);  brdm-ze  ybig  tsdin-gyi  sldd- 
du  DzL  for  the  sake  of  a  single  Brahmin; 
spu  nyag-ma  tsdm-ffui  ^gyddrpai  sems  DzL 
but  a  whit  (lit.  a  little  hair)  of  repentance. 
—  4.  tsdm-na  referring  to  time:  about  a 
certain  time,  at  the  time  when,  when:  nam- 
pyid  tsdm-na  about  midnight;  de  tsdm-na 
then,  at  that  time;  esp.  with  verbs:  Myim- 
dupyin  tsdm-na  DzL  when  he  came  home; 
in  St.  of  tsdm-na  it  is  very  common  to  say 
tsd-na;  btf id-gin  yod  tsd-na  as  he  was  just 
doing  it  Glr,;  ynyid  sad  tsd-na  when  he 
awoke  Glr.;  zld-ba  brgyad  son  tsd-^a  when 
eight  months  had  passed  Glr. ;  esp.  col. :  *yon 
tsd-na*  W.  as  we  came,  on  our  journey 
hither,  when  incorr.  *tsa-ne  (or  sd-ne)*  is 
said,  which  is  justifiable  only  in  such  cases, 
as:  ^a-Tna  kyi-sa-n^*  from  one's  birth;  )i- 
tsam-na  or  -nas  when,  yet  mostly  pleon.,  in 
as  far  as  the  sentence  beginning  with^z- 
tsctm-na  after  all  concludes  with  nas^  pa 
dariy  duS'kyi  fse  etc.,  v.  Feer  Introd.  frq., 
abo  Tar.  —  5.  tsdm-du  denoting  extent, 
degree,  intensity:  as  far  as,  aboift  SO  far, 
nearly  up  to,  even  to,  till,  so  that,  and  tsam  in 
various  other  applications:  lampyed  tsdw- 
du  about  half  way;  frq.  with  verbs:  Ad- 
sptt  Idns-pa  tsdm-du  skrags  DzL  he  was  so 
frightened,  that  his  hair  stood  on  end ;  dum- 
bur  bbddrpa  tsdm-du  sdug^bsudlrgyis  yd^ns- 
te  Dzl.  tormented  by  a  pain,  as  if  he  were 
cut  to  pieces ;  bus  ma  mtdn-ba  tsdm-du  dgd- 
steDzl.  'being  glad  even  to  a  mother's  being 
seen  by  her  child\  i.e.  so  glad  as  a  child 
is,  when  beholding  its  mother  again;  some- 
times tsdm-la  for  tsdm-na  and  tsdm-du  Mil. 
yet  not  frq.  and  more  col. :  dib  tsdm-la  in 
the  shade;  ^Hn-nitsdm-la*  W.  under,  before, 
near  a  tree;  tsdm-gyis  instrum.:  nan-nan 
tsdm-gyis  'Sdg-hes-pa  content  with  every 
thing,  as  poor  as  it  may  be;  com.  added 
to  the  inf.:  smrds-fa  tsdm-du  as  soon  as  it 


had  been  said  DzL  frq.,  or  also :  4n  the  mere 
saying  so'  Stg.\  inst.  of  it,  col.:  ^zer  tsam 
Hg-la*;  W.:  ^zer-^a  tsdm-hig-ga*.  —  (sam 
yan  with  a  following  negative:  not  the  least, 
mds'pa  tsam  yan  mi  byidr-pa  Mil.  to  pay 
not  tbe  least  respect;  not  in  the  least,  not 
at  all:  nyi-m>a  dan  zld-ba  tsam  yah  Itar  med 
Dzl.  neither  sun  nor  moon  is  to  be  seen 
at  all.  —  tsdm-pa  adj.,  mi-fsad-tsdm-pa 
man-sized,  having  the  size  of  a  man  Ta/r. 
—  tsdm-po  Mil.  mi  tsdm-po  ydns-kyi  sems- 
la  ^ug  prob  :  I  shall  enter  into  the  soul 
of  the  very  first  man  I  meet  with;  also  = 
gan  (cf.  rtags  gan  yod-pa-la  above).  — 
Cs.  has  besides:  tsdm-po-ba  a  comparing, 
estimating;  tsam-poi  fsig  a  comparative 
expression;  tsdm-poi  don  a  comparative 
sense  (?).  II.  used  interrogatively :  how  much? 
how  many?  *rin  tsamf*  W.  how  dear? 
^^w  tsdm^a  1.  V.  tsam  towards  end  of 

preced.  article.  —  2.  sbst.  flour  from 
parched  barley,  v.  rtsdm-pa.  —  3.  n.  of 
a  country  Tar.  10,14;  20,16;  ace.  to  Ssk. 
Lexx.  =  Bhagalpore,  v.  Kopp.  I,  96;  in 
modern  geography:  the  small  Hindu  moun- 
tain-province Chamba  on  the  river  Ravi, 
under  British  protection. 
,^^q7yr  tsdmrpa-kaSsk  magnolia,  MicheUa 

'  Champaca. 
^ST^T  tsam-tsdm  tripping  to  and  fro,  fid- 
geting about  W.  (cf.  tsab'tsdb). 
^x:^'  tsdr-Tna  n.  of  a  place,  freq.  resorted 

to  by  MiL 
^  tsi  num.  fig. :  47. 

Sfcrm'  tsi-tra-ka  Ssk.  1.  a  painted  mark  on 
"^  '  the  forehead,  being  the  badge  of 
various  sects  Sch.  —  2.  name  of  several 
plants,  esp.  Ricinus  communisy  so  perh.  Lt; 
in  Lh. :  Anemone  rivularis,  common  there. 
S  Wr  tsi-stdg  n.  of  a  purgative  Med. 

^»-  tsi-na  ^^,  China  Cs.;  now  com.  mo- 

'  ha-tsin. 
^c^-  tsi'tsi  mouse  C,  tsi-ghi  id.  Ts.;  tsi- 
hin  shrew  (mouse)  Sch.\  fdn-gi  tsi-tsi 
field-mouse  Schr.;  sai  tsi-tsi  molo  Schr.;  tsi- 
tsis'jdzin  n.  of  a  plant  Wdn. 


432 


S^S^or  tsi^tsMzd-la 


^^'  yuan 


Sch,  cancer  (disease),  said  to  be  a 
Nepalese  word. 

S^  tfi-tsd  V.  tse-tsS. 

^■^  fsig-tiiff  byid^a  tc  quarrel,  to  be 

'      '  at  variance  ScL 
^  tsitta  Ssk  the  heart  as  seat  of  the  in- 
^   tellect,  V.  Bwm.  1, 637. 

^*  tdd  anvii  Sch. 

^  tm  Dum.  fig. :  77. 

^'^'  feti-da,  tsMm  Hn  n.  of  a  tree  ScA. 

Vgq-  <8ii^  for  bi-ltar  adv.  interrog.  and  cor- 
'  relat.,how,a8,rarel7occurri]igin books; 
JW.;  (fe  jrar  ^gro^  tsug  byed  where  she  is 
going,  and  what  she  is  doing.  In  W.  com. 
in  the  form  zug^  in  sach  combinations  as: 
gd'Smg  for  ca-tetiy,  bUUar\  ^i-zug  or  ^d«- 
zuff^  and  rr-2ttjr*  or  ^cU-zug*:  so;  *rfan  <fe- 
2;tf^  de-zu^  and  more  of  that  kind;  de-tstig 
lags  in  Leo;^. 

^sn-^sn-  tsug-tsug  the  noise  of  smacking  in 
'       '    eating,  tsug-U&g  mi  hya  do  not 
smack  Zam. 

^  «M  num.  fig.:  107. 

3fmc'  t9e-gur  ScL:  1.  a  small  tube.  —  2.  a 

nT  little. 
$^  ^2f  ^-P^y  tsSl-po  a  basket  carried 
on  the  back^  dosser,  esp.  W,; 
*ddn-tse  or  ddg-tse*  a  wicker  basket^  *nyun- 
tse  or  ny^'tse^  a  cane  basket  T«.;  *fe^?- 
2i^  the  wands  used  for  such  a  basket;  *t8el- 
idg*  a  broken  dosser  W.;  *t8el-rd*  the 
frame- work  of  a  basket  d.;  ^UeUhkh*  string 
or  strap  for  carrying  it 

S^,  %^  &^-to^,  tot-«8^  millet  a. 

^^"  &^-r^  1.  song,  tune  Lex.  —  2.  =  6^-r^. 

^&r^'  ^9'^9f  tseg-tsdg  zA^-ba  to  rustle, 
'       '    Ho  make  a  noise  like  dry  hay'  Cb. 
^!b*^!rr  ^^^^^  sharp-pointed,  of  needles, 
thorns. 

^T^  ts^m-tse  »  ^^?n-^^  small  scissors. 


%: 


te^l^^'  a  species  of  female  demons 

IV- 

i^*^*  t8^-^  iser-tsSrby^d-pa  to  troillblo, 
shake,  quake  Sch. 

^   tso  num.  fig.:  137. 

^x*  tsd-ra  WdA.^  Ssk.  n.  for  the  medicinal 
herb  srub-ka;  in  Ssk.  Lexx.  no  bo- 
tanical explication  is  given,  but  only  the 
notice,  that  it  is  a  perfume;  in  EuUa  a 
sweet-scented  white  lily  is  called  so. 

w  tsdg-pu  (ace.  to  one  Lex.  =  ^«ii^qi, 
'n»  which  is  not  to  be  found;  on  the 
other  hand  Bum.  1,310  gives  tsSg-pu-pa 
^  %Vf^-  one  sitting  down)  the  posture  of 
cowering,  squatting,  crouching,  uog{-t»og)'pur 
sddd-pa^  ^dug-pa  resp.  biugs-pa  Pth.^  col. 
""tson-tadn,  tsom-ts&rrT,  to  cower,  squat,  crouch; 
tsdg-pu  mi  nus  he  cannot  even  cower,  of 
one  sick  unto  death  Thgy.;  tsog  mi  yz&g- 
pa  of  a  similar  sense  Sch,  —  (The  version 
^to  sit  on  one  leg  drawn  in*  /ScA.,  which  has 
also  been  adopted  by  Burn.,  may  possibly 
be  founded  on  a  mistake  of  iScA.,  who  in 
Cs.^8  explanation:  'sitting  in  a  crouching 
posture  upon  one's  legs',  prob,  read  'upon 
one  leg*). 

ts(^'lla  D.  of  a  place  in  Eastern 
Tibet  Ma.;  tsdn-lla^a  1.  inhabitant 
of  that  place.  2.  n.  of  a  celebrated  teacher 
of  religion  and  reformer,  about  the  year 
1400. 

3c'^  feow-ft(<n  1 .  =  t8og-t$dg  v.  tsdg-pu.  — 
2.  tsork-tsdh-la  kur  carry  it  straight 
W, 
wf^'  tsan-ddn  v.  btsonrddn. 

^^  tsob-tedb,  ^tsob-tadb-la  dUg-H"  Li. 
to  stand  or  sit  in  different  groups, 
not  in  rows. 

^•^  ts^-mo  a  five-finger  pinch  Ci. 

m^q-  /<8«S^«  V.  jBog-pa;  yUdg-bu  also 
'     '       btsdgs-bu  Itficet  for  bleeding. 

— ^.  ytsan  1.  clean,  pure  v.  yUcM>a.  — 
'        2.  n.  of  a  province  in  C,  where  Tasi- 

Ihunpo  is  situated ;  ytsdn-pa  inhabitant  <^it 


^jr 


TOC'^  yUah-ia 


^/<W> 


zn^'H'  /^^-ia  1.  Tb.  to  be  clean,  pure 
•^  2)(wi.  —  2.  sbst.  cleanness,  purity. 
—  3.  adj.  clean,  pure.  Most  £rq.  as  sbst. 
with  negation :  mi-yUdn^a  impurity,  foul- 
ness, filth  DzL  and  elsewh. ;  excrement  S,g, ; 
mp-ytsdn-ba  mdm^pa  snar-tsdgs-kyi  pun-po 
heap  of  all  kinds  of  filth,  mass  of  corrup- 
tion, sometimes  applied  to  the  human  body 
Dd.;  ytsdn-ma  adj.,  clean,  as  to  the  body, 
clothes  etc.;  de  ni  rab-bkrus  ytsdn-ma  yin 
that  man  is  well  washed  and  clean  S  0.; 
yt8an^bt$og'mdd('pa)  one  that  knows  no 
difference  between  clean  and  unclean  (cf. 
med);  dirty,  slovenly;  rude,  uncouth  Glr.; 
ytsdn-mar  byidrpa  1.  to  dean.  2.  to  make 
one's  self  dean,  smart,  tidy;  *tsdn-ma)h^'' 
pa*  C,  ^M-be*  W,  is  said  to  be  a  euphemism 
for  circumcision.  —  ^hul'tedn-po*  C.  one 
that  clears  his  plate,  empties  his  cup ;  one 
that  does  a  thing  thoroughly.  —  ytsdn-Han 
Ci.,  com.  dn-ytsan-Kan  v.  dri.  —  ytsan- 
sbrd  religious  purity,  ^jf^;  ytsansbrd-dan 
(or  dan  Iddn^^a)  morally  pure,  yteansbra- 
^(j-paimpareZ)o. — ytsan-ris  Sch,:  the  pure 
country  and  its  inhabitants,  the  pure,  the 
saints.    ^^CMli'M '''9^'4'c!^^ihL^^4uJf^ 

m^^^if  ytsdh-po,  Ld.  *tsdns-p^  river, 
'  stream ;  esp.  the  large  stream  flow- 

ing through  Tibet  from  west  to  east,  gen. 
called  *  Yarutsanpcl*;  ^aw-Si,  resp.  ytsan- 
cab,  'lA^^X^^'^ic.-"^ 

^Tj^Cg"  yUan-bu  screen,  parasol  Sch, 

m^f^TMJr*  ytsan-ytson  (or  ^^dzan-^dzon*?) 

'        '       Ld.^  steep,  rugged,  mountainous. 

Pj^XT  ytsdb'pa  to  detach  with  a  crow-bar. 

q^n"  ytsi-hay  pf.  ytsw^  to  invite,  summon, 

'        call,  appoint  Sch.  . 
cn^^  /^«  1-  importance  Ck.,  ytsigs(m) 

'  '  '"Se  very  important  Lea. ;  yt»igs  iS- 
bar  byid'pa  to  make  much  of  C%.\  Sch, 
ako  mi-yfyigs  insignificant;  unapt,  and  ma- 
ylMg^  unimportant;  without  difficulty,  whereas 
in  one  Lea,  nd-ytsiffs  spydd-pa  is  explained 
by  mi^8-pa,  —  2.  JRA.  85:  (but  as  a  girl 
was  bom,  the  king  and  his  ministers  were 
quite  in  despair,  and)  bttfim-fno-la  yah  fugs 
ytrng^iun-bar  gyur-to  also  the  queen's  mind 


was  much  dgected(?).  —  3.  MiL:  ytrigs-la 
Jbibs-^  frq. ;  by  the  context:  to  subdue,  to 
force,  compel,  also  with  supine,  Jbam  bgyidt- 
par  to  compel  to  obey.  —  4.  Sch, :  ytsig»- 
pm  bio  quick  comprehension,  retentive  me- 
mory. 

z^&^fwrn*  ytsig*^(h  with  or  without  rnii" 
l^'         boy  to  show  one's  teeth>  to  grin 
GIt,\  mawrpafr  ytiigs-pa  id.  Qlr, 

^|3?^'^  yfBir^a  v.  Jtrir-ba, 

q^m  y^^  1-  crovnn  of  the  head,  vertex  Li^., 

•^  '  spyi-ytsug  id.  Glr,  frq.;  ytsug-tu 
JSin-ba  to  fasten  on  the  head;  fig.  sd-yig 
j-tsiStff'tu  bdins-pai  ga^  c£  fed,  —  2.  tuft,  crest, 
of  birds  Sch,  —  3.  whirlpool,  eddy,  vortex, 
in  the  water  Sch,\  ytsug-JHyil  Wdn.,  also 
rtsub-Jcyil^  perh.  id.(?);  yisug-rgydn  head- 
ornament,  ytsug'(^i)  ndr('bu)  jewel  of  the 
head;  frq.  fig.:  most  high,  most  glorious 
among  . . .,  c.genit.;  also  ytsHtg-gi  ndr-bur 
gyur-pa  Glr,^  =  mUdg-iu  gyur-pa,  —  ytsug- 
tor  «  for  ^  hog  ^  ^3^lJV^9  conical  or  flame- 
shaped  hair-tuft  on  tfie  crown  of  a  Buddha, 
in  later  times  represented  as  an  excrescence 
of  the  skull  itself,  v.  J5wm.  11.,  558.  /ScW.209. 
rn^OT'QOT'  ytsug-ldg  1.  sciences,  'Uterae'; 

^  '  '  ytsug-ldg  mdmrpa  bio-brgydd 
the  eighteen  sciences;  fiyod  yts^ig-lag  ?(#- 
zin  ^dzdm-pa  thou,  who  art  rich  in  know- 
ledge and  wisdom.  —  2.  scientific  work  or 
works,  frq.;  ytsug-lag-Hdh  ftffO  academy, 
convent-temple  and  school,  cf.  also  gdndho- 
la;  yts^tg-lag-mJian  or  -pa  Cs,  a  learned  man. 
qiV^iKr^-  yisugs-^a  to  bore  out,  scoop  out, 

1^  "^       excavate  ScA.(?). 
m^q-q-  ftsub-pa^  pf.  ytmbs,  to  rub,  ytsub- 

^         Un^  a  piece  ot  dry  wood  that  is 
rubbed  against  another  (ytsub-stdn  or  -ytdn) 
in  order  to  make  fire  Ck, 
2T|y^  yts^-ba^  pf.  ytses  v.  Js^ba, 

Pw&pi'^  ytsigs-pa  =  ^dzigs-pa  Sch. 

^JSC'^  ytsHirha  -»  ytd-ba  Sch. 

^|5^'^  ytsSr-ba  =  ^<M-6a  Lea. 

sn^  ytso  1.  V.  yUd-bo.  —  2.  v.  yfsod. 

28 


434 


PJySf  ;'«80-*0 


CI^5^(2f )  btsdn^-po) 


^^^kKI  S-ic 


qj^Jf'^d-Jo  (SsA.  irnT^)  consequendy 
I  =  m?o^)  1.  the  highest  in  perfection, 

the  meet  excellent  in  its  kind,  ytsd-bor  or 
ytsor  byidrpa^  Un-pa  to  place  foremost,  to 
consider  the  first  or  most  excellent ;  ytso 
bydi'pai  biirmo  Iha  the  five  noblest  of  the 
girls  Mil.;  yUo  byid-pa-mams  the  most 
respectable,  the  leaders,  the  heads  Mil,;  des 
ytsd-byas  dpor^fydg-mama  the  higher  and 
lower  people  subject  to  him  Pih.  (jtsd-byed- 
pa  to  be  the  first,  belongs  however  rather 
imder  the  head  of  no.  2);  sndgs-kyi  yisd-bo, 
smdn-lam-ffyi  ytsd-bo  (the  same  as  rgydU 
po)  chief  spell,  principal  prayer;  yi-ge  ytsd- 
bo  mm-ihi  the  30  principal  letters,  (the  let- 
ters of  the  alphabet)  Glr,;  nod-mams  kun- 
gyi  yUd^bo  the  principal  disease,  viz.  fever 
Lt  (more  correct  from  an  Indian  than  from 
a  Tibetan  point  of  view);  yUo^U-ba  very 
important  Thgr.;  eminent  Tar.  ;/tsd-ior  and 
ytso^iiery  adv.,  especially,  chiefly,  principally. 
Hence:  2.  a  chief,  a  principal,  master,  lord, 
rkan-ynyis-kyi  (lord)  of  men,  i.e.  Buddha 
Dzl;  rteip^yi ytso-bo  the  'lord'  of  the  shrine, 
the  deity  to  whom  a  shrine  is  consecrated, 
which  in  the  lord's  absence  is  guarded  by 
some  servant  deity,  e^g.DzL  chap.VL;  ids- 
kyi  ytsd-bo  if^-po  grand-master  of  the  doc- 
trine, a  title  of  Sariibu  DzL;  gentleman,  but 
chiefly  as  a  title  =  Sir,  Mr.,  bl6ip-po  yUd- 
bo  drug-pOy  ytsd-bo  mi  drug  the  six  (gentle- 
men) ministers  Glr,\  ytsd-mo  the  most  dis- 
tinguished lady,  the  noblest,  first  in  rank, 
bu-mo  ytsd-mo  the  most  excellent  among 
the  girls;  ytsd-mor  ^ds-pa  iig  the  one  most 
deserving  of  preference,   the  one  of  the 
noblest  appearance  MiL'j  ytsd-mo  Tndzddrpa 
to  be  mistress,  resp. 

2T|^$r,   ^^^T  ytsd-ma,  btso-ma  hemp  Sch. 

2TJS^'    C!^-    r^  r*^^  f>^»ody  r^o  (Ld. 
'    ^'  ^'      '     vulgo  ♦sfeod*),  the  so- 

called  Tibetan  antelope,  with  straight  horns 
standing  close  together  and  in  the  direction 
of  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  head  S.g,^ 
ytsddr^mo  fem.,  ytsod-prug  the  young  one, 
yteod-rus  the  bones,  j-tsodrMul  the  wool  of 
it  (used  for  shawls). 


a^O:  *^^  (btsa-ba  ScLf)  1.  mst,  Itdg^-kyi 
btsa  rust  of  iron;  bUa/s-zas  Sch-y  Byer 
Lea.  destroyed  by  rust.  —  2.  rust,  blight, 
smut,  of  com  ScK  —  3.  =  btsag,  Sch.  — 
me-btsd  moxa  Lt;  mirus-btsaf 
a^P'q'  bisd-ba  1.  pf.  btsas,  to  bear,  to  bring 
forth,  cun-ma-la  bu  btsas  his  wife 
bore,  gave  birth  to,  a  son  DzL ;  bu  btsd-bai 
tabs  mi  tub  they  could  not  bring  forth  Dzl. ; 
btsds-pa  what  is  begotten,  new-bom  child- 
ren or  animals  Do.;  bisd-zug  lans  pains  of 
labour  ensued  Sch.  —  2.  resp.  to  watch, 
leol(  on,  spy,  spydn-gyis  Cs. 

^€0^^  bted-ma  fruit  Sch.  2.  =  btsa  Sch. 

n^m  btsag^  S(f^  red  OChro  MecL  and  Lea.; 
'  used  also  of  earths  of  a  different  col- 
our; btsag^fdn,  btsag-riy  bimg-lun  plun, 
hill,  valley,  of  red  earth;  bisag-yug  some 
other  officinal  mineral  Med. 

i^^CfrCT  btsdg-pa  v  Jsdg-pa. 

n^m^  btsdg -mo  vl  certain  beverage,  = 
'       rt&db-mo. 

i^5C^'  btsdn-ba  prob.  ==  Jsdn-ba. 

a^CJ^  ifton-^  title  of  sovereigns  Glr., 
alledged  to  be  but  Khams-dialect 
for  btsdn^. 
q  Vy  btsan  1 .  a  species  of  demons,  resid- 

'  ing  in  the  air,  on  high  rocks  etc., 
mischievous,  Glr.y  Dam.  —  2.  v.  the  follow- 
ing article. 
q^3r/if\  bt8dn(-po)  strong,  mighty,  powe^ 

^  fill,  of  kings,  ministers  etc.,  esp. 

as  title  of  honour:  high-potent,  Dd.,  Glr.; 
hence  of  family,  race,  descent:  illustrious, 
noble,  Uid-mo  budn-mams  the  queens  of 
high  descent,  in  opp.  to  a  third  of  low  ex- 
traction Glr. ;  btsan^{iin)  pyug('po)  noble 
and  rich  Dzl.y  Mil.;  strong,  violent  btsan- 
dug  a  virulent  poison  Dd. ;  forcible,  violent, 
btsan-^frdgs  by^d-pa  to  commit  a  robbery 
connected  with  violence  Jtt. ;  btsanntabS'SU 
by  violent  means  Pth.;  coercive,  strict,  se- 
vere bka^  Krims  Glr.y  btsdn-par  mdzddrpa 
rigorously  to  enforce  (a  law);  firm,  staunch, 
immovable,  not  wavering,  nag-btsdn  stead- 
fastly abiding  by  one's  word  Sch.;  firm,  safe, 


q^rrq-  btsdb-pa 


q^'  btsdA 


435 


sure,  dbenrynds  MU.  a  safe,  inaccessible  re- 
treat; rdzon  btsan  a  firm  stronghold  Lea,; 
=  concealed,  hidden,  hence  btsan-Man  the 
innermost  dark  room  in  a  temple,  in  which 
the  gods  reside,  or  an  apartment  for  the 
same  purpose  on  the  top  of  a  house;  de- 
finite, decided,  without  uncertainty,  sa»s-r^d8- 
kifi  bstdn^a  mi  nitb-bin  mfa  btsdn-par  byidr 
paipyir  in  order  that  the  doctrine  of  Bud- 
dha by  being  accurately  defined  may  be 
secured  against  subversion  Pih. 
okrvrx  btsdb-pa  imp.  btsob,  to  cut  small,  to 
chop,  wood;  to  hash,  to  mince,  meat 
C;  bstab^tdn  chopping-block  C. 

R€^(^^ym'  bt8dfn(8)-pa  iorjsdmr^a,  v.  fo. 
q^QJ-q-  btsdlrba  V.  JsdUa. 

^^^SJ'  btsdS'pa  V.  btsd-ba. 

D^^^  btsds-ma  1.  also  rtsas-ma  harvest, 
btsas-ma  rna-ba  to  reap,  to  mOW 
C.  and  Lea:.^  btsds-ma  ran  tsa-na  in  harvest 
time  Mil. —  2.  wages,  pay,  gru-btsds  Lea,, 
fare,  passage-money;  la-btsds  Lea.,  hrl^an- 
gyi  btsasf 

q^'q*  btsir-ba  v.  Jdr-ba, 
q^^(^)'q'  bts^(s)^a  V,  ^dzugs^a, 

q^^'q*  btsud-pa  V.  ^dzud-pa,  Jsiidrpa, 

n^sriT  btsun-pa  1.  respectable,  noble,  of 
'  race,  family,  rigs  i^hin  btsunrpa 
id.  DzL;  bl»(inrpai  bud-rrUd  DzL  a  lady  of 
rank.  —  2.  reverend,  as  title  of  ecclesiastics, 
bMn-pa-mams  the  ecclesiastics,  priests 
Olr^  —  ban-dhe  and  Ssk.  )f^ifr  (  Tar.  Transl. 
p.  4,  note  7);  even  btsun-pa  Urims-mid 
wicked  Reverends  Ma.  —  3.  creditable, 
honourable,  faithful  in  observing  religious 
daties,  so  frq.:  mUas  btsun  bzan  ysum  y. 
fnkas-pa'y  fsig-bUiin^a  grave  and  virtuous 
discourse  Sckr.^  Sch.:  poUte  words  (?),  fsig 
nU  biBun-pa  Thgy.  was  explained  to  me: 
one  ^hom  nobody  believes ;  appUed  to  things : 
good;  thus.  MU.  says  of  his  cane:  spa  &- 
rw  y^-mi8  btsim-pa  de  this  cane  of  quite  an 
excellent  quality.  —  btsun-po  =  6fe«*w-pa  1., 


rgya-r^i  bts&n-po  the  noble  emperor  of 
China  Glr.;  as  a  tide  v.  snyun;  btsitiv-por 
byid'pa  Cs.  to  reverence.  —  btsi^n-ma 
priestess  Cs.  —  btsun-mo  1.  woman  of  rank, 
a  lady;  also  as  a  term  of  address:  your  lady- 
ship, e.g.  in  a  legend,  when  a  merchant 
speaks  to  the  wife  of  a  judge  DzL;  spouse, 
consort,  esp.  queen  consort,  with  and  with- 
out rgydl^oiy  frq.;  btsun-mo  'U-ba  «=  'Sen- 
ma  the  principal  wife;  btsun-mKh-can  having 
a  wife,  btsun-mo-mid  not  having  a  wife  Cs. 
—  2.  nun,  mo-btsun,  id.  Gfr.,  C. 

^^^^  btsum-pa  v.  ^dziim-pa. 
qS^CI'  bts&ba  V.  Jsi-ba. 

qSSj'q'  btshnr-pa  v.  f&efmrpa. 

q^  btso,  purification,  refining  (?)  ^ser-la  tso 
tan-wcP  C.  to  refine  gold  (which  term 
eventually  is  the  same  as  ^to  boil*)  v.  Jtsod- 
pa;  bud-ma,  bts6s-ma  a  purified  substance, 
ysei^  btsd-ma,  purified  gold,  very  frq.  with 
regard  to  a  bright  yellow  colour  Glr. 
— 5^— •  btsd-ba  v.  Jsdd-pa',  btso-blag-pa  to 
dye,  to  colour,  btso-blig-mHan  a  dyer, 
Lea. 

q^^  bts6-ma  1 .  =  yisd-ma.  —  2.  v.  btso.. 

qt^TT^'  btsdg-pa  I.  vb.  v.  Jsog-pa. 

II.  adj.,  also  (b)rts6g(s)-pay  W.  *s6g-po* 
1.  unclean,  dirty,  nasty,  vile,  ^di-ni  Mn-tu 
rtsdg-pai  sa  yin  this  is  a  very  vile  place, 
says  the  prince  of  hades  to  a  saint  visiting 
there;  so  also  every  Tibetan  will  say  to  a 
stranger  enteriug  his  house;  na  btsog-bin 
when  I  am  getting  unclean,  i.e.  when  I  am 
confined  Dzl.;  Ivs  btsog-pa  mnyam-pa  ^di 
this  vile  stinking  body  Dzl.  —  2.  in  W.  the 
common  word  for  bad  in  every  respect,  use- 
less, spoiled,  ta*oublesome,  perilous  (e.g.  of  a 
road);  injurious;  also  inamoro relative  sense, 
inferior,  poor,  of  goods;  btsog-ndg  tobacco- 
juice,  oil  from  the  tobacco-pipe, 
q^'  bison  onion  Med.  and  vulgo,  eschewed 
by  pious  Buddhists  and  ascetics,  but 
a  favourite  food  of  the  balk  of  the  people; 
btsoh  srig-pa  to  roast  onions.    ^--  *- 


436 


q^q-  btM'4>a 


^  rtsa 


J5J?fc'i^  bUdn-ba  v.  Jl^6n-4)a. 

B^'  ^^^  ^'  ^f  ^^  animal,  =  ytsody  q  v.  — 
^^  2.  n,  of  a  plant,  nadder  Trf^rFT^  (R^ 
bia  Maiyit);  btsod-Jbru  seeds  of  this  plant, 
bt9od'iin  field  on  which  it  is  grown. 
q^  bUon,  also  btsdn^ay  a  captive^  prisoner, 
'  nyi&'pa  byda^^i  btson  Mg  an  impris- 
oned criminal  DzL)  btson^du  ^dzin-pa  to 
tftke  prisoner  Dd. ;  jiig-fa  to  put  to  prison ; 
6<8(>n-na«  JIAn-^a  to  set  free,  fdr-da  to  be 
released;  bzAn-biMn  undeserved  imprison- 
ment or  detention  (ni  f.)>  e.g.  of  hostages, 
fig.  of  people  that  are  snowed  up  Mil  — 
bUdrir-Uan^  btsonrra  prison.  —  4&o«-do«  1. 
dungeon^  keep;  MU.:  ynds^koAa-h/i  btsdn- 
don  the  dungeon  of  life.  —  2*W.  deep  abyss, 
guH,  ^tsdn-'don  fdn-na  mi  mdn-pd  go  Mor* 
many  are  getting  dizzy,  when  looking  into 
a  deep  abyss.  —  btsdn^rdzi,  bUdn-sruh 
jailer,  turnkey.  —  btsdnrrdzaa  prison-fere. 

R^R'  bt$6lrba  v.  JadUa. 

a^  rtsa  I.  sbst.,  more  col.  rUd-ia  ( W.  *«a- 
wa*)  or  rtsd-bo  S.g,  5,  1.  vein,  rtsa  ybddn 
pa  to  open  a  vein  Dzh^  ^sd-wa  gydb-be*  W. 
id.  Owing  to  the  imperfect  state  of  Indian 
and  Tibetan  tuiatomy,  resulting  from  in- 
veterate prejudices  both  of  a  religious  and 
intellectual  nature,  great  confusion  prevails 
also  in  the  department  of  angiology,  many 
different  vessels  of  the  human  body,  and 
even  part  of  the  nerves  being  classed  among 
the  veins,  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  find 
adequate  terms  for  the  Tibetan  nomencla- 
ture. This  applies  e.g.  to  the  division  of  the 
rtaa  in  "(Idg^-pai^  srid-pm,  Jbr4l-fai,  and  fsH 
or  9r6g^gi  Hsa,  which  last  term  does  not 
ootrreepond  to  what  we  understand  by  artery 
(6k);  so  it  is  also  with  respect  to  the  three 
principal  veins,  which  by  a  mystic  theory  are 
stated  to  proceed  from  the  heart,  dMnma  the 
middle  one,  white,  rkydn-ma  the  lefk  one, 
red,  and  rd-ma  the  right  one,  white^  con- 
ceming  which  cf.  the  articles  ftdm-mo  and 
fig-le ;  Hsa-dkoTy  also  rlitmrTlsa  Med,y  are  perh. 
in  most  cases  the  same  as  artery,  ace.  to 
the  well-known  supposition  of  the  anciaits, 


that  the  veins  of  dead  men,  appearing  empty, 
contain  air;  par-rtsa  id.,  as  in  the  living 
body  it  pulsates;  risa-ndg  or  I^dg-rtta, 
vein,  blood-vessel;  rtsa^biibs  is  menlioDed 
Li.  147, 10,  as  a  surgical  instrument  Some 
names  are  more  or  less  clear:  mig-rtia 
seems  to  be  the  Vena facext,  r&o-^ii  Vena 
jugul.ext,  rtaa^^^  or  rfsorbo^  V.  saphena 
magna,  po-mtUan-ghi  dbu9-rtsa  Y.  dorsalis 
penis,  rgt/it-^og-rtsa,  on  the  other  hand, 
are  the  ureters,  ni  f.,  which  are  represented 
as  proceeding  from  the  small  intestine.  — 
rUa-rgytu  Med,  1.  Sch, :  Sreins  and  sinews' 
(?);  rtsa-rgytis-^ag  an  obstruction  of  the 
veins  5.^.  2.  title  of  a  book :  Directions  bow 
to  feel  the  pulse.  —  rtsa-Hs^  C.  rtsa-Jia 
cramp.  —  rtsa-mdikd  an  inturgescence  of  the 
veins.  —  rtsa-ynds  Mil,  seems  to  be  a  net 
of  veins,  vascular  plexus,  any  connection 
of  things  that  may  be  compared  to  it,  as 
e.g.  the  causal  connection  of  the  12  Nida- 
nas  (v.  rten-Jbrel  sub  rtSn-pa  comp.)  — 
rtsa^pun  tissue  of  veins  Sch,  —  2.  pube, 
so  in  rtsa  Ud-ba^  or  rtog-pa  Med,  to  feel 
one's  pulse,  and  mfson-^  kan-y  or  cag-rtia 
the  feeling  one's  pulse  with  the  second, 
third  or  fourth  finger. 

II.  sbst ,  for  rtsd-ba, 

in.  particle  in  conjunction  with  nume- 
rals: 1.  gen.  connecting  die  tens  with  the 
units,  equivalent  to  and:  nyi-hi-rtsa-ytig 
twenty  and  one;  less  frq.  after  brgga  and 
stOHy  where  also  dan^rtsa  is  not  unnsoal, 
yet  examples  as  the  following:  Sg,y  fuL5, 
where  the  sum  of  62,  33,  95  and  112  is 
stated  to  be  -»  aum-brgya-rtsa-ymfisj  and 
Pth,  p.  34,  twice  tio-ifjiyd-riaa  /^  =  stok- 
dan-rtaa-ynyi^  —  exclude  any  doubt  as  to 
the  proper  use  of  the  word.  —  2.  inst  of 
nyi-hhrtsa-ybig  to  nyi-it^-rtoa-d^,  rtutrfiy 
etc.  is  also  used  by  itself,  as  an  abbreviation, 
e.g.  S.g,  p.  3,  in  describing  the  growth  of 
an  embryo  from  week  to  week;  this  use 
of  the  word  may  account  for  the  assump- 
tion, quite  general  in  W.  and  C,y  that  ri»a 
in  itself  is  equivalent  to  20^  for  even  Lamas 
of  both  districts  could  be  convinced  only 
by  an  arithmetical  proof,  that  Uie  numbers 


437 


^  rtsuoa 

< 

meatioDed  in  the  above  passages  were  302 
and  1002,  and  not  322  and  1022.  —  3.  In 
hhu-rUa  nyi'hu-rtsa^  brgyd-rtsa^  without  any 
units  following,  e.g  Tar.  120,  10,  the  word 
evidently  stands  bat  pleonastically,  like 
fam^a, 

g-  rtswa  (JBal.y  Pur,  rtswa^  stswa)  C,  ^tsa*^ 
<i  LL,  Ld.,  *»«*,  f^,  grass,  herb,  plant, 
rtM'Kai  (or  rtsa-rtsei)  zil-pa  the  dew  on 
the  grass  Glr. ;  rtsa  nyag  ybig  a  single  blade 
of  grass  Cs. ;  ahd^yi  risa^  rtaa-sndn  green 
grass;  rtsa-skdm^  and  often  rtsa  alone,  hay, 
rtsa  md-ba  to  mow  grass,  Ju-ba^  to  gather 
(grass);  rtsd-KaC.f  W.  pasture,  pasturage, 
^sd^/ra  gydUla*  W,  good  pasturage.  —  rtsd- 
han  covered  with  grass,  grassy.  —  rtsa^- 
mUg  Kusha-grass  Lea,y  v.  kv^a\  rtsormiog 
{-gron)  town  in  West  Assam,  where  Bud- 
dha died  Glr.;  Kamorfipa.  —  rtsc^-fdg  grass- 
rope  Dzl,  —  rtsa-fun  grass-gatherer  Sch, 
—  rtsa^yddn  grass-mat  Sch.  —  rtsa^yydb 
manger  Sck  —  rtsa-ras  Sch.  Tinen',  prop, 
the  same  as  la^ta  q.  v.  —  2.  euphemism 
for  riyag;  *tsa  tdn-wa*  C  to  go  to  stool; 
rtsa  hi  bsdams  Mil.  he  suffers  from  ob- 
struction and  strangury. 
jBT-q-  rtsd-ba^  L  cf.  rtsan  and  rtMod^  Ssk. 
m,  1.  root  (  W.  com.  ""bd-foff*  for  it), 
Sfadk  oT  fruits;  rtsd-ba  Ina  five  (medicinal) 
roots,  viz.  rd-mnye^  IM-ba^  nyi-Hn^  a-^o 
(better  a-kaygandha^  yz^-ma;  rt8d-4)a-nas 
Jn/in^a  etc.  to  pull  out  with  the  root,  to 
eradicate,  extirpate,  mostly 'fig.,  v.  below. 
--  2.  the  lower  end  of  a  stick,  trunk  of  a 
tree,  pillar;  md-fog  rtsd-ba  id.  AtU.-^  the 
feet  of  a  hill,  mountain-pass,  the  latter  also 
Id-risa  W.  ^Idr^sa*;  rtsd-bai  holy  lag  the 
lower  faces  or  hands  of  those  images,  that 
represent  deities  with  many  faces  and  hands 
6ir.;  rtsd-bai  nos  base  of  a  triangle  Tar.  204, 
1 ;  fundanent,  foundation-pillar,  and  the  like; 
in  later  literature  and  vulgo  rtsd^ar  and 
rtsaty  nkTe\j{Glr.)rt8d"ru  postp.  with  genit, 
tOy  at,  e«g.  to  go  to,  to  come  to,  to  be  at,  both 
of  persons  and  things,  bud-nUd-kyi  rtsar 
mfdl-ba  or  more  eupbem.,  pytn-pa  to  go  to 
a  woman  Glr.y  Un-^i  rtsar^  even  Swi  rtsar 
Olr.'y  it,  near,  to,  a  tree,  river  etc.;  so  also 


^^  rtsd-ba 


rtsd-la  to,  at;  rtsd{-iay-na  Glr.  and  vulgo 
(incorr.)  *tod-n^*  C.  at,  near;  without  a  case 
following:  rtsar  byun-nas  coming  near,  step- 
ping up  to  Glr. — 3.  root  fig.  -  origin,  primary 
cause,  also  yH-rtsay  e.g.  Jicr-bai  yH-rtsa 
ybodrpa  Mil.  to  cut  off  the  root  of  trans- 
migration, to  deliver  a  soul  from  tr.;  rtsd- 
ba-nas  Jbyinrpa^  ^d6n-pay  ^^-^a  etc.,  also 
tsdn-nas^  tsdd-nas  yddd-pa  etc ,  to  exter- 
minate (root  and  branch),  to  annihilate;  on 
the  other  hand:  rtsa-brddr-ydod-pa  MiLy 
rtsdd-ydod'pa  to  examine  closely,  to  in- 
vestigate thoroughly.  —  nyon  -  mdns  -  kyi 
rfsd-ba  ysum  are  the  three  primary  moral 
evils,  viz.  jdodrMgs^  ie-sddny  yti-mug;  rtsa- 
brdl  therefore  might  signify:  he  who  has 
freed  himself  from  them;  but  it  seems  to 
mean  also :  without  beginning  or  end,  un« 
limited,  e.g.  snyin-rje  Glr.y  sems  nyid  MU. ; 
dgd-bai  rtsd-ba,  dgd-rtsa  a  virtuous  deed, 
as  a  cause  of  future  reward,  skydd-pay  spydd- 
pay  byidrpa  to  perform  such  a  deed ;  rtsd- 
bai  . . .  the  original,  primary,  principal .  . . , 
e.g.  dofiy  primitive  or  first  meaning  Cs.; 
rtsd-bai  nyon-m&ns-pa  Cs.:  'original  sin', 
Sch.:  'sin  inherited  &om  former  births';  at 
all  events  not  identical  with  the  original 
sin  of  Christian  dogmatics,  although  the 
word  grammatically  might  denote  it;  rtsa 
(-bai)  rgytui  an  introductory  treatise,  giv- 
ing a  summary  of  the  contents  of  a  larger 
work,  e.g.  of  the  rgyudrbziy  mentioned  sub 
brgyvd;  also  title  of  other  works,  >S8^.  ^!!^^^V^'> 
V.  Cs.  Gram.y  chronol.  table;  whether  Sch.  s 
translation  ^cause  and  effect'  is  altogether 
correct,  may  admit  of  some  doubt,  yet  v. 
below;  rtsd-ba  daft  ^gril-ba  Cs.  *text  and 
commentary';  in  rtsd-bai  ma  Thgy.  the  ge- 
nitive case  stands  prob.  for  the  apposition: 
the  mother  that  is  the  root  of  me,  in  a 
similar  manner  as  rtsd-bai  ran-bUn  nature 
6*8.;  rtsd'bai  bld-ma  seems  to  denote  the 
teaching  priest,  the  one  by  whom  in  any 
particular  case  the  instruction  is  given,  opp« 
to  brgyiid-pay  he  to  whom  it  is  imparted. 
A  good  deal  of  confusion  however  prevails 
here,  owing  to  the  ambiguity  of  the  verbal 
form  in  brgyM-pa  and  the  variable  spelling; 


438 


^(Vi    rtsd-la 


V.  rgyiid-pa  extr.  —  rtsa-fdr  ScK:  lower 
end  and  top'  (?)  (should  perh.  be  rtsa-fog); 
rtsa-^  Tar.  191,  3  is  rendered  by  Schf, 
with  'Haupt-Mann',  principal  man.  —  rtsa- 
lag  (Schr.:  root  and  branches)  Lex,  ifi^ 
relations,  kindred;  rtsa-lag-ban  having  re- 
lations, rtia-lag-med  without  relations  Cs, 
—  ri»a-his  Sch.:  primitive  wisdom.  —  4. 
symb.  num.:  9.  —  II.  v.  rtsa  vein. 

Note,  rfta,  vein,  is  traced  by  Tibetan 
scholars  back  to  rUd-ba^  the  veins  being 
the  'roots  of  life' ;  in  a  dictionary  the  words 
are  better  treated  separately. 

^0^  rtsd-la  v.  rtsd-ba  I,  2. 

^C  rtsaii «  rtsd-ba  seldom,  v.  rtsd-ba  I,  3. 

srrKTZV  risdm-pa  lizard,  brag-gi  Lt.  (W, 

""gag-Hf). 
xrr»  rtsad  =  rtsd-ba  roo^  rtsad-nas  ybSd-pa 
'  Mil.  to  root  out,  to  eradicate;  rtsad 
yhdd^Uj  =  rtsa-brddr  yddd^a^  =  tsa/r  and 
ysar  ybdd-pa^  to  search,  investigate  MU.\ 
gar  bhugs  rtsad  bbddr-nas  to  inquire,  search 
for  a  person's  place  of  abode  Pth. 
vn'Z]'    SO'^n*  T^ai,  rtsab^*tsab  v.  Uah- 

tsub. 
s'q^  rtsabs  ferment,  barm,  yeast,  prepared 
of  barley-flour;  rUabs-lcv/r  a  sweetish 
sort  of  bread,  made  up  with  it  Ld. ;  rtsdbs- 
mo  a  beverage  brewed  from  roasted  meal 
(rtsdmrpa)  and  water,  and  made  to  ferment 
by  adding  butter-milk,  esp.  liked  in  winter; 
also  called  btsdg-mo;  ^o-rtsabs  Sch,  milk- 
brandy,  not  known  to  us. 

^R^^^'  rtsabs-ru-tsaLt  n.  of  a  medicine. 

ar^j-q-  rtsdm-pa,  I.  sbst.  1 .  roast-flour,  flour 
from  roasted  grain,  Jbras-rteam  of 
rice,  gr(Mi»am  of  wheat,  nas-rtsam  of  barley, 
this  last  the  most  common;  stirred  with 
water,  beer,  or  tea  into  a  pap,  it  is  the 
usual  food  in  C.  —  rizdm-Jyru  roast-flour 
and  grain  =  victuals  in  gen.  Kun.  —  rtsdm- 
rin  the  price  of  flour  Sch.  —  2.  urine  Lt 
rUam-wddg  colour  of  urine. 
II.  vb.  V.  rts&mrpa. 

^^  rt»ar  v.  rUd-ba  I,  2. 


»i^  rfxal  1.  skill,  dexterity,  adroitness,  ac- 
complishment; in  the  first  place  physical 
skill,  lag-rtsal-can  of  a  skilful,  practised 
hand  W. ;  sgyurTtsdl  id.,  stobs  dan  sgytMisdl 
strength  and  dexterity  Glr.,  skilfuluess; 
rt&a^dan)  lddn(-^a)  skilful,  expert,  adroit, 
rtsal-Tned  the  contrary;  rtsal  ^an-pa  to 
vie  in  skill,  rtsal  sbydn-ba  to  practise,  or 
improve  one's  self  in  skill  Mil.;  rtsal  ^or 
all  skill  is  gone,  rgttd  id.  Sch. ;  8tob8'(ky%) 
rticU^  Lex.  XTKJWRr  strength,  energy,  mfur 
rtsal  and  rtsal -mfa  prob.  id.  Dd-^  S.g.; 
rtsal-M-4}a  or  rtsalrpoci  adroit  as  a  gym- 
nastic, wrestler  etc.;  also  sbst.  athlete,  jugg- 
ler etc.  DzL'j  rtsdJrgyi  mhns  a  gymnastic 
feat  Lea.\  rtsal-sbyon  bodily  exercise,  nim- 
bleness,  agility,  bdn-rtsai-dn/on  nimbleness 
in  running,  ysdg-rtsal-sbyon  agility  in  flying 
Mil.;  hi-rtsdl  feats  performed  in  the  water; 
the  art  of  swimming  Pih.;  vulgo  W.  also 
for  natural,  innate  abilities:  mig-rtsal-^an 
keen-sighted,  mig- rtsal  nyams  of  a  weak 
sight;  rtsal'f&n  Sch  'skilful,  masterly' (?) 
—  2.  in  later  times  used  in  a  special  sense 
of  skill,  expertness  in  contemplation,  c£  sg&m- 
pa;  so  frq.  with  Mil.;  byan-ikib'S^mS'lafi 
rtsal  ysum;  lam-^ag-mid-kyi  rtsdUIca  such 
accomplishments  ^as  will  clear  the  road',  — 
ascetical  terms  familiar  only  to  the  initiated. 

^^^T  rtsds-^ma  v.  btsds-ma. 

%-  rtsi  1.  all  fluids  of  a  somewhat  greater 
consistency,  such  as  the  juice  of  some 
fruits,  paints,  varnish  etc.,  rtsi- can  viscid, 
sticky,  clammy;  *tsi  gydg-pa*  C,  *sigydb^y 
kii^bCy  tdh-be*  W.  to  colour,  to  paint,  *fti 
tdn-wd^  C.  also  to  solder;  Idab-pa^?)  Sch, 
to  lacker,  to  varnish;  sbrdn-^tsi  honey;  nddr 
kyi  rkyen  rtsi  a  medical  draught,  potion 
Dd.  V^,  7,  (another  reading:  sman);  bdud- 
rtsi  nectar;  ts&rir^tsi  painter's  colour,  dkof- 
rtsi  white-wash,  ndg-rtsi  black  paint,  dmcar- 
rtsi  red  paint;  *«^-fei*  C.  gilding,  *nul-tsi* 
silvering  C.  —  2.  applied  to  external  ap- 
pearance: *ddn'si*  W.  complexion;  even  spa 
rtsi  Jam  Ua-d4^  Ugs^pa  de  this  cane,  as 
to  its  outside  smooth,  as  to  colour  beaati- 
ful  Mil.  (unless  rtsi  be  =  shell,  bark,  rind?) 


^ 

®^-« 

^q   rfet-Ja 

^^  rtm 

439 


—  rtd-fdg  juicy  fruit;  rfef-«tn  1.  fniit-tree 
HiA.  2.  tree,  in  gen.  (?/r.  and  elsewh.,  frq. 

—  rtsi-gu  fruit-kernel,  the  kernel  in  a  fruit- 
stone  (not  the  latter  itself  ScL);  W.  for 
^fsi-gu^y  q.v. ;  rtsi-gvrmar-nag  oil  extracted 
from  the  stones  of  apricots ;  rtsi-mdr  Lt  id. 
»-q-  rtsi'ba,  pf.  (b)rtstSy  fut.  brtsi^  imp. 
^  (J>fei(s)  1.  to  count,  ""si-te  hdr-he"  W. 
to  pay  down,  money;  cf.  also  rfeis.  —  S. 
to  count,  reckon,  calculate,  mi  ri-lapulre- 
rii  fdd~du  reckoning  a  handful  to  each  Dzl. ; 
hag  suw-bur-la  zld-ba  ytig^  zld-ba  bbi-ynyis- 
la  lor  rtsi'ba  to  reckon  a  month  at  30  days, 
a  year  at  12  months  Thgy,;  mi-h-ltar  rtsi- 
ba  to  count  by  the  years  of  a  man  Thgy.; 
gan  bzah  rtsi-ba  to  calculate  which  (day) 
be  a  propitious  one  Olr,;  dus  rtsi-ba  to 
reckon  up,  to  compute  the  time  MU.;  *?e- 
min  ddl-la  si-d^  W,  to  reckon  among  the 
adults;  ydn-tan-la  sky&n^du  rtd^ba  to  con- 
sider good  qualities  as  faults,  =  Ifd-'ba  T,  2; 
brdun  rtsi  he  may  be  reckoned  to  strike, 
i.e.  he  is  very  likely  to  strike,  threatens 
to  strike  C;  brisk  zin  \ .  the  account  is  closed, 
the  bill  is  ready.  2.  product,  sum  total. 

^P^  rtmu  n.  of  a  plant,  =  pri-ydn'ku  Wdn, 

^qrq* rtaig-pa  I.  vb.,pf.  (byrfsigSytat  brtsig^ 
'  imp.  (b)rtsig(/)^  1.  to  build,  whether 
of  stone  or  of  wood,  Hdn-pa.  —  2.  to  wall 
op,  sgo  a  door^  Olr.  —  IE.  sbst.  wall,  ma- 
sonry.    t^^'^^'^'^'^U.y/.fAZ^J . 

Comp.  rteig-skydbs  Stg,  is  said  to  be  <= 
rtsig^rmdn.  —  rtsig-nds  side  of  a  wall.  — 
rtsig-rdd  stone  for  building.  —  rtsig-dpdn 
master-mason,  architect  —  rtsig-pur  a  peg 
in  a  wall,  wall- hook,  to  hang  up  things. 

—  rtsig-rmdn  fundament  of  a  wall.  —  rtsig- 
zur  edge  or  ledge  of  a  wall  Thgy.  —  rtsig- 
bzd'pa  brick-layer,  mason.  —  rtsig -yydg 
journeyman  mason. 

&™;f-  rtsigs,  Sch. :  ^rtsigs-^i  very  gracious 
'      and  well-affected'  (?),  prob.  should 

be  rtsis-^e  q.  v.  no.  3. 

^mff-^>  rtsigs-ma  turbid  matter,  sediment, 
'  impurity,  =^  tsigs-ma  S.g. 

%^-^' risin-ba  adj.  and  sbst.,  coarse,  clumsy, 
rough,  rude ;  coarseness  etc.,  B. ;  lisin- 


po  B.  and  C,  rtsin-ge  C,  W.  id.,  but  only 
adj.;  jh/e  coarse  meal,  grits  (opp.  to  iib- 
pOy  Jdnirpo);  spydd-pa  rtsin-ba  of  rude  man- 
ners Glr. 

^r-q-  rtsid-pa  the  long  hair  of  the  yak,  rtM- 
'  fdgs  =  re-fdgs  coarse  cloth  manufac- 
tured of  it;  rtsid'Stdn  saddle-cloth  Mil; 
rtsid-gwr  tent-covering  made  of  it. 
^— ,-jx,™  rtsib(s)'ma  1.  rib,  rtsib-mai  bdr- 
"  nas  from  between  the  ribs  Olr. ; 

rtsib'ldgs  yyas  yyon  all  the  ribs  of  the  right 
and  left  side  Dzl ;  rtsib-logs  nd-ba  pain 
about  the  ribs  Do.;  rtsib-rin  the  upper 
ribs  (?)  —  2.  spoke  of  a  wheel,  frq.;  rtsib- 
kyi  mvr-Hyud  fellies  composing  the  rim  of 
a  wheel  Cs.;  in  ornamental  designs  the  rtsib- 
Tna  are  often  fanciful  figures,  supplying  the 
radii  of  the  circle;  further:  the  sticks  or  ribs 
of  a  parasol,  canopy  etc.  Olr.;  the  spars  of 
a  felt-tent,  the  ribs  or  futtocks  of  a  boat 
Schr.  —  rtsib-ri  n.  of  a  mountain,  =  hri-ri. 
^^^  '*i»is  1.  counting,  numbering,  numeration, 
rtsis-las  ^das-pa  innumerable  Mil.] 
*bdd  si-la^  mdn-si'la*  W.  according  to  Ti- 
betan, according  to  Indian  counting  or  com- 
putation of  time  (is  to-day  the  twentieth); 
*mi'S%  ddn-si^  W.  numbering  of  the  people, 
of  the  domiciliated;  *mdg-si  tdn-be*  W.  to 
hold  a  numbering  of  military  forces.  —  2. 
account,  rtsis  byidr^a  Glr.y  JUbs-pa  MU., 
yyab-pa  C,  W.  ^kor-be,  (l)ta'de*  to  calculate, 
to  compute,  rtsis-su  sbydr-ba  to  count  to- 
gether, to  sum  up  Dzl.;  calculation,  compu- 
tation (beforehand),  scheme;  ^^ag  nyi-hi^ 
la  ^gro-  (or  ^a-rtsis  yod)*  W.  in  about  20 
days  we  calculate,  i.e.  we  intend,  to  go; 
*^n-to  gyug-si  ydd-pe  dtis-fsddrla^  Ld.  at 
the  hour,  when  according  to  their  calcu- 
lation the  carriage  was  to  start;  rtsis-kyis 
for  rtsis  byds-nas)  nd-ses-pa  to  find  by  com- 
putation Glr.  —  skdr-rtsis  astrology,  astro- 
nomy; dkdr-rtsisy  ndg-rtsis,  ace.  to  Cs.:  In- 
dian and  Chinese  astronomy  and  chrono- 
logy. —  3.  estimation,  esteem,  rtsis-po  ?^n- 
po  byid'pa  to  value,  to  make  much  of,  Ztis- 
kyi  rtsiS'pO'^e  one  that  makes  much  of  his 
own  body,  by  indulging  and  adorning  it 
Thgy.',  rtsis-rtsis  byidrpa  Sch.  id.;  di-la  bla- 


440 


^^C|'  rtsiM^a 


%^^  rteid-pa 


Ihag-iu  rtsissu  byed  he  respected  her  be- 
yond measure  Tar.y  Schf,  —  *siHrug*  vulgo 
W.  for  rtm  in  most  of  its  significations. 
^<j-j^«  rtsiS'pa  1.  also  rtsis-mHan  mathe- 
matician, astronomer,  soothsayer;  ac- 
countant Cs,  —  2.  n.  pr.  lixis-pa  a-mffrdn 
secular,  rtsts-pa  mgron-ynyh*  spiritual  name 
of  the  late  Resident  of  the  Sikim  govem- 
ment  at  Darjeeling,  called  by  the  English 
Cheboo  Lama,  f  1866,  v.  Hooker  Joum. 
—  rtsis'dpon  a  chief  mathematician,  chief 
accountant,  receiver  general  Cs, 
^q'CT  rtstib-pa  I.  vb.  to  revile,  abuse,  v. 
>e  nor  rtsub^a  sub  no. 

II.  adj.,  com.  rtsub-po,  rUntb^mo  Ssk 
i3(^S!^,  uneven,  rough,  rugged,  of  the  skin,  cloth 
etc.;  coarse-grained,  powder;  rough,  wild, 
dreary,  countries,  ron-rtsub  with  wild  ravines 
Glr.;  bristly,  hair;  harsh,  tart,  astringent, 
of  taste  Med. ;  also  applied  to  any  thing  of 
a  highly  aromatic,  pricking,  pungent  or  acerb 
taste,  such  as  onions  and  similar  vegetables, 
liable  to  cause  both  dietetic  and  religious 
scruples;  rfsub-zds  food  of  this  description; 
in  music:  strong,  forte;  of  sentiment  and  be- 
haviour: rude,  unfeeling,  regardless,  callous 

V/^*  rtse('mo)  1.  point,  top,  peak,  summit, 
Kan-f  ffri-j  ri-y  Hn-rtse^  or  Kan-^ai 
etc.,  rts^-mo  gable  of  a  house,  point  of  a 
knife,  top  of  a  hill,  head  of  a  tree;  of  con- 
vents, royal  palaces,  resp.:  dbik-rtse  Glr.; 
Id-rtse,  W.  *ldr-se*  (cf.  rtsd-ba  I,  2.)  ""Id-se* 
summit  of  a  mountain-pass;  rise  dan  logs- 
su  terminal  and  lateral  Wdn,;  rtsi-sgro  Glr. 
flag-feather,  pinion;  ia  rtse-rin  hat  with  a 
high  crown  Tar. ;  rtseybil-ba  Sch.:  to  break 
o£F  the  point,  to  blunt;  rtse-reg-^e  Mil.  very 
sensitive,  touchy,  not  to  be  touched  with 
the  tip  of  the  finger.  —  2.  point,  particular 
spot,  rise  yUg-tu  Itd-ba  to  look  at  one  point; 
also  adv.,  to  look  steadily,  unremittingly,  as: 
rdn-ffi  grib-ma-la  rtse-ybtg-tu  Itd-ba  Wd/t.^ 
also  Tar.  frq. ;  sems  rise  ybig-tu  byed-pa  to 
direct  the  mind  to  one  point,  frq. ;  sems  rise- 
ybig-tu  bydi-pai  tin-ne-^dzin-la  ivgs-te  Dzl. ; 
aim,  tse  ^dii  rise  ycig  as  this  life's  only  aim 
Mil 


^*nr  fixi^ba^  p£  rises,  imp.  rtse(8),  WV¥ 
(different  from  brtsS-ba)  1.  to  play, 
mig-mdn  at  chess  DzL;  to  sport,  to  froRc, 
used  also  of  animals  Dzl. ;  rise  bro  yton-^a 
to  run  to  and  fro,  playing  and  skipping, 
of  deer  Mil.;  to  joke,  to  jest,  fisd^n  dgd- 
ba,  rtse-^d  spydd^a  id. ;  ^ydn(s)^a  sd-t^ 
W.  id.;  to  enjoy,  amuse,  dhrert  one's  seK, 
to  take  recreation,  tsal-gyi  nan-du  rtser  son 
they  went  on  a  pleasure  party  into  the 
woods  Dzl ;  euphem.  of  cohabitation,  ^di 
dan  i^S-bar  byao  Pth.  I  mean  to  enjoy  her. 
Comp.  rte^-9ra^an  player,  gambler,  game- 
ster. —  rtse-gr6gs,  rt»ed-gr6gs  play-mate. 

—  rtse-dgd  v.  above.  —  rtse-rgod  sport  and 
laughter.  —  rtsd-sa  play-ground,  place  of 
amusement.  —  rtse-sems  a  mind  fond  of 
play;  Icydd-kyis  rtsd-sems  yin  rnod  hfoh 
though  you  may  still  rehsh  pleasures  PA, 

2.  to  touch,  W.  ^Idg-pa  ma  se^  do  not 
touch  it  with  your  hand.  —  3.  to  shudder 
(cf.  spu). 
a^xr»  rtse-Hn  =  rtso-Stm,  Vena  jugularis 

^^  externa. 
aOTn*  rts^'pa^  pf.  (b)rtsegSy  fut.  brtseg^ 
'  imp.  rtsog,  W.  *sdg-ie(^sy  1.  to  lay 
one  thing  on  or  over  another,  to  pile  up,  stack 
up,  build  up,  wood,  boards;  to  put  slices  of 
meat  on  bread;  fig.:  nd-ro  ynyis  brtseg  two 
'naro'  one  above  the  other,  Z:^,  Gram.; 
gen.  double;  kan-pa  rtsegs-pa  1.  'a  house  ff 
two  stories'  =  a  stately  building,  palace;  by 
this  word  Wdn.  explains  Kan-izdny  v.  bzdn- 
po.  2.  ace.  to  other  Leax.y  an  apartment  buift 
on  another,  an  upper  chamber;  balcony  on 
the  roof  of  a  house,  i|^'|J||<;  rgya-grdm 
brtsigs-pai  m^dd-rten  a  chod-ten  with  a 
cross  (v.  rgyor^dTn)  on  the  top  PA.  —  2. 
to  tuck  up,  clothes  Cs.  —  S.  dbugs  rtsigs-pa, 
gy4n-du  dbugs('kyis)  rtsig-pa  Med.,  shorf- 
breathed,  asthmatic,  panting,  gasping,  from 
firight  etc.,  or  as  a  sign  of  approaching  death. 

—  dkoni^-m'idg^  brtsigs^-pa);  'J^JflU^  tide  of 
a  book.  *^ 
g^n'  risen-ba,  pf.  brtsens^  fut  brtseny  imp. 

(bytsohls)  to  tuck  up,  truss  up. 
rtsSd-pa  I.  also  rtsen^a,  =  rtsi^ 
play;  rtsed  rts^ba  id.;  rtsSd-mo 


s^'t;: 


^^ST  rtsSdrma 


441 


^q- 


stsdJrha 


play,  game,  dgd-icd  rtxidrmo  byedrpa  Dd.\ 
glu  gar  rtiid-mo  hyid-pa  to  smg,  dance 
and  play  6/r.;  rts^d-^mo  toy,  byis-pai  chil- 
dren's toy  MiL;  rtaddrmo-icm  playful,  sportiYe, 
merry  Cs.;  rkydU^  gdr-y  gri-^  M-,  mUnry 
rtd-rtssd  the  sport  of  swimming,  dancing, 
fencing,  dicing,  leaping,  riding  Cs. ;  yyen- 
rtM  play,  amusement,  diversion;  rtsed-dgd 
id.  Sch.'j  to^to-lin-Un  r&^dq.v.;  rUid-^Oy 
rtsM'Jo,  W.  *8^o*  sport,  public  amuse- 
ment, popular  pleasure;  yiihi-nu  rtM-Joi 
Mg^kyis  bskdr-nas  surrounded  by  a  number 
of  youthfol  playmates;  *sin^o  tdn-i^  W. 
to  arrange  a  sport. 

II.  to  varnish  (?). 
virgr  rUidrma  the  disagreeable  feeling  in 

'  the  teeth  produced  by  acids  Sch,; 
rzedrom  a  shivering,  cold  shudder  Sch.  v. 

^'^,  ^^^ rts^d-^mOyrtsM^ay.rtsSdrpa. 

$3rS(hr  rtsen-gdg  Mil ,  ace.  to  Sch.:  caH  of 
^  »   "'  the  leg. 

^5f  rises  v.  rtsi-ba. 

^(^CT  ns6g{sypa  v.  brtsdg-pa. 

Jir'Qur  ^od-lddn  n.  of  a  certain  era  or 

S     Period  of  the  world  v.  dus  6. 
Vr^q^  rtsddrpa^  I.  vb.,  pf.  brtsadto  contend^ 

'  to  fight  with  arms  DzL]  with  words: 
to  dispute,  debate,  wrangle,  frq.,  dan  with, 
la  about;  rtsdd^iin  mi-snydn  f^dd-pa  to 
speak  evil  words,  to  use  bad  language,  in 
quarreling. 

II.  sbst.  dispute,  contention,  quarrel;  dis- 
putation Glr. ;  rtsddrpa  ^grdrirpa  to  compete 
in  disputation  Glr,  —  ^ddrinai  rtsddrpa  a 
learned  debate  about  words;  rtsSd-por^mams 
points  of  controversy  Tar.  182,18,  Schf.  — 
rtsodr-yH  the  subject  of  a  disputation. 
'^^(ST)  rtsdn^-ma)  Pur.  nausea,  vomiting, 
^  *rts(mpog*  he  grows  sick;  ^rtsdn- 

tas"^  to  be  sicic,  to  vomit 
lArn'  rtsdm-pa  I.  vb.,  pf.  (byrisamSy  rtsomSy 
fut  brtsam^  imp.  rtsom(s)  1.  to  begin, 
commence  a  work,  to  be  about,  to  set  about 
an  undertaking;  Jbrds-par  brtsdms-te  being 
about  to  run  away  DzL'y  ^^ds-las  brtsdms-te 


rtsddrdo  it  was  about  religion  that  our  dis- 
pute began  Tar.;  no-ldg  brtsdms-pa-las 
beginning,  stirring  up  an  insurrection  Glr.; 
d^-nas  brtsdmS'te  beginning  at  this  place, 
from  here,  from  that  time  (cf.  bzuns-te  sub 
bzM'ba).  —  2.  to  malce,  to  accomplish, 
ysd'bai  las  mi  brtsdm-mo  so  he  will  not 
accomplish  the  business  of  healing;  com. 
to  compose,  to  draw  up,  in  writing,  bstdip- 
bios  rtsom-TrU  author,  writer,  composer  Pth. ; 
brtsan-^griis  rts&m-pa  DzL  frq.,  to  work 
diligently,  carefully;  to  take  pains^  to.  exert 
one's  self,  rtsdrnrpa/ty  or  rtsdm-pa-la  mUds- 
pa  a  clever  writer,  an  elegant  composer, 
which  title  in  Tibet  is  applied  to  any  one^ 
that  exhibits  in  his  style  high-sounding 
bombast  with  a  flourish  of  religious  phrases ; 
cad  rtsod  rtsom  ysum-gyi  bkad^gra  Glr.  prob. 
a  school,  in  which  religion  is  taught  and 
explained,  combined  with  disputations  and 
written  compositions.  — 

Il.sbt.  beginning,  commencement  (^rrt^)> 
rtsdm^a  dan-po  the  first  beginning  Ld.- 
Glr.;  a  doing,  proceeding,  undertaking,  deed 
Tar. 

'^orn'  ^ol-ba  1.  vb.  to  endeavour,  to  take 
pains,  to  give  diligence;  rtsdUbar  adv. 
diligently,  zealously;  Mydd-kyis  rtsdl-bai  dus- 
la  bob  nowyou  must  use  dispatch  Pth. ;  rtsoU 
mid  unsought,  rtsol-mid  ^grd-bai  don  byidr 
pa  to  seek  the  weMare  of  beings  without 
their  caring  for  it  Glr.;  srog  rtsdl-ba  Lex. 
and  M%l.y  ace.  to  Sch. :  to  draw  breath,  to 
take  frosh  courage,  which  seems  to  be  im- 
plied by  dbttgs  rtsdlrba  Ma.;  nyalpo  rtsol 
drag^-nd)  if  cohabitation  is  immoderately 
indulged  in  Med.  —  2.  sbst.  zeal,  endeavour, 
exertion,  rtsdUba  skyid-pa  to  use  diligence 
Zam. 

^QT^  stsdUba^  pf.  and  fut.  sisol  (^sdUwa^ 
^  sdl-v}a*)y  1.  to  give,  bestow,  grant, 
when  the  person  that  gives  is  respectfully 
spoken  to,  much  the  same  as  ynah-ba  q.v. ; 
stsdl'du  ysol  please  to  give,  to  grant  etc. 
Dzi.;  bddg-gi  Idm-rgyags  stsol  big  pray,  give 
me  provisions  (provender)  for  the  journey 
DzL;  to  give  back,  to  return  what  had  been 
lent  DzL;  to  grant,  bestow,  afford,  give  (as 

28* 


442 


q^^'^'  brtsdd^a 


a  present);  also  for  ytdivia  to  send,  to  send 
out,  so  at  least  in  W,;  further:  W.  *)a  ial^ 
hirgu  sal^  deb-saP'  please  to  give  me  some 
tea,  to  lend  me  some  paper,  pray^  give  me 
change;  or  more  pressingly:  *)a  sal  gos* 
I  earnestly  reqaest  yon  for  some  tea  etc., 
I  entreat  you  to . . .;  *sal  mi  gos*  I  thank 
you,  I  do  not  want  it;  bkd-stsal-ba  v.  sub 
bka;  dnos-grub  stsdlrba  to  bestow  spiritual 
gifts  (?).  —  3.  sometimes  incorr.  for  bsdh-ba 
(sdl-ba)  to  clean,  to  clear,  to  remove  Dd. 

'     '  V.  rtadd-pa,  rts&m^pa^ 

sometimes  incorr,  for  btsdd-pa^  btsdm^pa. 
n^n'  brt&i-ba  vb.  to  love,  sbst.  love,  affec- 
tlon,  kindness,  nearly  the  same  as 
bydmS'pay  frq.  preceded  by  snyih^  resp. 
fags^  q-v.;  brtsi^bas  outoflove^  kindness, 
e.  g.  yndn-ba  to  give  something  out  of  love; 
with  love,  lovingly,  kindly,  e.g.  skydn-ba  to 
protect ;  brts^-bai  tsig  words  of  love,  kind 
exhortations  Glr. ;  brtsi-bai  pyag-hix  your 
very  kind  letter;  myih-brise^a^  resp.  fugs- 
brtse-ba  «  brtsi-ba;  brUi-ba-bany  brtse-lddn 
loving,  affectionate,  kind;  brtse^-baym^-pa) 
unkind,  unmerciful,  ungracious;  brse-ydun 


love,  affection,  pa-md  brtse-ydun  &  yon  H 
Hg  by  a  what  could  even  parental  love  do? 
Glr,;  Ihor-prug  ykdn-nui  brtse-yd^n  de  this 
proof  of  love  on  the  part  of  young  god- 
desses towards  me^i^ 
n^^ZT  brtsdfh-pa  1.  vb.  with  la,  to  strive, 
'  to  aim  at,  to  exert  one's  self  for, 
tsdgs-porla  an  accumulation  of  merits,  frq.; 
bri»6nrpar  byidrpa^  or  ^gyur-bii^  also  with 
mndn^ar  preceding  it;  to  apply  one's  seK, 
IdS'la  to  business,  fugs-ddm-la  to  medita- 
tion DzLy  Mil.  —  2.  sbst.  (Ssk  iff^  virtiu) 
endeavour,  effort,  care,  exertion,  byd-ba^la 
brtsdn-pa  alacrity,  readiness  to  act  Wdn,; 
more  frq.  brtson-^^grus  v.  below.  —  3.  adj. 
=  brtsdn-pa-^an^  brtsan^lddn  MiLy  diligent 
assiduos,  studious,  sgruh{'pa)4a  eager  to  ob- 
tain power  over  demons  Mil.\  brMn-par 
on  purpose,  with  intention,  wilfully;  as  sbst. 
mostly  brtson-^grus,  with  skySd^a^  by^drpOy 
rUdmrpa  to  use  diligence,  to  show  energy, 
zeal  etc.;  brtsan^^grus  drdg-po  intense  appli- 
cation; brtson^^grtcS'ban  assiduous,  siudious, 
brtson-^gitis  nydms-te  Stg.  having  lost  one's 
energy. 


f^O  -"^^^ 


^ 


tsworsgo  place  where  salt  is  found.  —  *6a- 
isi  sal-ammoniac  C.  —  *fya-^*  salt-water, 
brine;  ace.  to  some,  vinegar  (?). 
(3^'^^'  tsa^kdr  v,  fyd-bo. 


^   1.  the  letter  &a,  the  aspirate  of  ^  (cf. 

3),  soimded  fy.  —  2.  num.  fig. :  18. 
^«  &a,  1.  hot,  V.  fsa-ba.  —  2.  grandchild, 

V.  fsd-^o.  —  3.  V.  fsa-tsa,  —  4.  resp. 
illness,  complaint  C 
^-  fswa  SM,  ^wa  ^dSs-pa  to  salt,  vrith  Za;     (S'pC'  fsa-^dn  v.  tsa-tsd. 
^  *f8a  ny^nnbe*  W,  to  taste,  to  try,  food     ^.-.— •  ^      «  »       ^    i 
prepared  with  salt;  Kam^fswa  alum  Med^y     ^^S    ^^°*^  ""'  ^'^''' 
rgya-^waSBi'BmnioniSLCMedrylbe'myan'fswa     ^'^^Q^  tsd-gonjbuy  also  Hd-ga-Jbuy  fsag- 
alum  Lt\  rdo-^ma  rock-salt  Cs.;  ba-fswa  ^^dg  grasshopper,  locust  C. 

impure  soda,  v.  bd-mo.  —  bddrfma  Ltf  —     (^'^r|StT|'5r  tsorybig-ma  thick  blanket,  quHtC 
Idn-fywa  =  €swa.  —  tswor^Ua  salt  mine  Cs.      ^ 
-  *f«a.(AW)ean*  W.  saline^  salinous.  —    *'§'  ^^^^^  v-  ^*^-*^- 


^'^' 


fswa-^ 


^ 


<3^'ai-  fsd-le 


443 


S*^'  ^swa^^  V.  f«ra. 

^'sqr  fsa-drdg  haste,  hurry,  ^^anjldg  )he 
^  '  ^*  C,  ^Ua-rdg  ton*  W.  make  haste! 
—  adv.  fsa-drdg-tu  Sch.  but  also  'ma  6a- 
rrfjr  ^(jgr*  W,  come  quickly,  without  delay! 
^•sf  fsd-ma  anxiety  about,  tender  care  for 
^  a  thing,  m.f ;  ^sa-^a^han*  W.  80li- 
citoiis,  careful,  attached,  ^^a-^a-mM-Kan* 
W.  indifferent,  unfeeling,  callous;  Kdn-pe 
*fsd-na  Sur-Kan*  W.  one  that  has  to  care 
for  the  welfare  of  a  household  or  community, 
superintendent  etc. 

5'?Wr  tsa-mdg  Sch.  =  mdg-tsa  ink. 


^•5f<^^  ha^an-uiC.  dresser,  kitchen-table. 

(SS'^^  fsd-big  Ld.  a  little. 

^l^  fsd'ba  I.  vb.  to  be  hot,  BS-gorQcL)  nyi- 
mat  ^od-z^.rdb-^tii-)  fsd-bas  as  at  the 
time  of  the  Soga  the  rays  of  the  sun  are 
very  hot. 

II.  sbst.  1.  heat,  fad^bas  ydun^ba  to  be 
tormented  by  the  hieat  S.g.]  fsd-bai  dtcs-su 
during  the  heat  of  the  day,  at  noon,  cf.  dro 
Mil,;  tsd'ba  ni  bsil-bar  gyur-to  the  heat 
changed  into  coolness  DzL;  tsa  yzh-ba  the 
burning  of  the  heat,  or  of  the  sun  Sch, ;  tsd-bai 
nadLt  the  fever-stage  in  diseases;  fea  s^l- 
ba  to  cure  an  acute  disease  Sch,;  fsd-bas 
rmyd'ba  to  lose  one's  appetite  in  conse- 
quence of  great  heat  Sch.  —  2.  warm  food, 
stir-bay  jirin-pa  Mil.;  fsa-ydig-ma  one  that 
in  twenty-four  hours  takes  but  one  regular 
meal.  —  3.  spice,  condiment,  fsd-ba  ysvm 
r^ttjjtj  black  pepper,  long  pepper,  ginger. 

III.  adj.  (vulgo  *fsem'7no*  C,  *fsdn-t^ 
W.)  1 .  hot,  warm.—  2.  sharp,  biting,  pungent, 
of  spices  etc.  —  3.  stinging,  prickly,  thorny 
Pth,  — 

Comp.  fsor-JHru  colic,  gripes  Lt  —  f&a- 
g&k  forenoon  Sch,  —  fsa-grah  1 .  hot  and 
cold.  2.  (relative)  warmth.  —  *fsan-gyaJ^ 
W,  inflammatory  fever.  —  tsa-lHb  v.  Ibib, 
—  'fsa-^w*  1.  a  hot  spring  C.  2.  a  warm 
bath  C.  —  taorira  dinner  Sch,(?)  —  fsa- 
mig  red  pepper  Ld  —  ^fsem-mo  C.  hot, 
warm.  —  fsa-dmydl  hot  hell.  —  Ua-zdr 


'glowing  ray\   po.  for  sun.  —  *t8an'ldn*^''Hd^Vdi, 
W,  hot,  passionate,  ardent;  in  the  rut  —  lyfJ)J^ 
tsa-lam  Sch,:  half  a  day's  journey,  a  march 
before  breakfast,  =  tsal-mai  lam,  —  feo- 
bsfubs  Lt  f 

j^-Jf'  fsd-bo^  resp.  dh^-po  B,,  sku-fsa  C, 
1.  grandchild,  gra^on,  Ld,  ^ms-mi" 
Ua-wo*,  —  2.  nephew,  brother's  son  DzL; 
Ld,:  ^ca-zdn-Uor^o*,  —  hw-Ua  v.  bu;  ydn- 
fsa  great-grandchild,  yun-tsa  great -great- 
grandchild, yii'fsa  id.  Sch, —  ^a-sk&r  grand- 
children Sch,  —  fsd'ino  1.  granddaughter. 
2.  niece.  3.  wife  Lh,  —  ^a-hin  nephew  and 
uncle  MU,  —  fsa-yz^  nephews  and  nieces 
Sch,  —  fsa-yug  grandchildren,  fsa-yug 
mdn-poi  bd-lo  the  many  grandchildren's 
tattling  Mil ;  ofiispring,  in  gen.,  bur-fsa-yug 
id.  W.yC;  *fsd-wo  ^a-yiig  ydn-tsayiih'fya* 
W,  children  and  children's  children. 

(SS'^FT  fsa-mig  v.  ^d-ba  comp. 

(3b*5f  fyd-mo  1.  V.  tsd'ba,  —  2.  v.  tsd-bo, 

^^  ^a-6a  1.  little  images  of  Buddha,  and 
conical  jGigures,  moulded  of  clay  and 
used  at  sacrifices  ScAZ.  194,206;  fad -Kan 
place  for  keeping  them  Cs. ;  fig.  M-nas  mi- 
yi  tsd'fsa  ^pro  from  his  mouth  proceeded 
cones  of  fire  Pth,  —  2.  BaL  for  fsa-drdg 
hastily,  quickly;  fsa^fsa-mid  slow,  slowly. 


<3b'3^'  tsd'Zar  v.  tsd-dar, 

<3b'^^  fsor^dg  V.  fsa-drdg, 

^•x'  tsa-rd  lamb-skin,  "tsar-Uf  W,  coat 

made  of  lamb-skins. 
i*^  fsd'la  a  kind  of  medicine  Med,,  ace. 

to  Wdn.  =»  dar-fsdr, 
j^w  fsa-'lu  1,  also  mtsa  -  lii(?)  cock,  by  a 
'^   ("poytsd-lu  Wdn,,  C;  in  W,  applied 
only  to  red-breasted  cocks,  from  mfsal  ver- 
milion (Sch,  hen?).  —  2.  v.  fsdUba, 
jg-Qi^rq-  fsa-t&m-pa  C,  sweet  orange,  frq. 

in  Sik, 
^•qJ-  fsd'le  1.  Ssk.  guiTj  Sd.  ?|fpn,  Pers, 

^UCIj,  Ar.  yj^,,  borax,  fsd-lei  skyur- 


^,.^^s.^.<^i>tny^-(T^ 


?rs  ^^  -^ 


c^  fsag 

rtsi  boracic  acid  Cs. ;  fya-le  byddrpa  to  solder 
Sch.(?).  —  2.  fsd'le  zdn-po  Lh,j  n.  of  a 
flower,  HemerocaUis  fulva. 
jftn*  ^^>  1-  V.  fs<ig8.  —  2.  Usag-agra  an 
'  appalling  tone  Sch.(?);  ^fsaggyab*  W. 
a  stinging  pain  is  felt  —  8.  ^tsag-fuff^  fsag-^ 
yd^  W,  twins;  *t$ag4ug^  twin-sheep. 

^mzy  ^««S^-P«  (cf.  o^^'P^)y  '"^^  fsdg-pa 

'  oil-miller  ScL  —  f«e^-7na  sieve,  filter, 
also  feogfs,  q.v.  —  ^fsag-re*  bolting-cloth, 
bolter  (7.,  W,  —  tsag-rd  residuum  after 
sifting,  as  bran  etc.'W.  ^t*  )r  i^  ^  "^^M  - 
^.^^  fyag  -  ^  dark  spots  or  specMes, 

'       '   on  wood  etc.  Mil.;  frockles  C. 

(9^"$'  tsag-tse  bruised  barley  or  wheat  Sch. 

^pr^"  £sa^-da flesh  of  larger  animals,  of 

'    '  cattle  etc. 
^m^  ^ags  1.  cap,  gos-Hsdgs  coat  and  cap 

■^  Dzl  —  2.  =  tidg-may  ^ags-kj/is, 
btsagsLex.]  ko-fsdgs  a  sie^e  made  of  leather, 
the  one  most  in  use;  UroUUdgs  =  ^dg-ma 
Lea,\  nyor-fsdgs  weel,  for  catching  fish  C, 
—  3.  thin-split  bamboo,  for  making  baskets 
Sik,  —  4.  Sch,:  ihe  right  sort,  a  choice  ar- 
ticle, tkagS'bzdh  byds-nas  making  a  good 
choice\  —  5.  density  (?)*^rfsr.^an,  fyag-fug- 
mo^  W,  standing  close  together,  e.  g.  trees, 
books;  tsagS'ddm  dense  and  strong,  as  stuffs 
Sch,\  80  tsags-dam-iin  the  teeth  standing 
close  and  firm  Glr.;  ^tsag  dd-te  dug*  sit 
close  together!  Ld,;  fsags-UM  not  dense 
or  compact  ScL;  relative  density.  —  6. 
fsags  by^d^a  (W.  ^bd-be*)^  fsdgs-au  ^jug- 
pa  and  ^M-paMU.  to  save,  spare,  lay  up 
as  provision  for  the  future,  €8e  pyi-mai  grabs 
ti  yah  tsdgssu  ma  ^tid  I  have  not  made 
any  provision  yet  for  the  future  life  Mil.; 
to  economize,  to  be  sparing,  m^-la  of  the 
fire;  to  be  niggardly;  Udgs-^dodrban  stingy, 
griping,  avaricious. 
^r^  fsan  1.  nest,  byd-tsan  S,g,;  taah  bzd^a 

to  build  a  nest>ScA.;  den,  hole,  lair, 
kennel,  burrow,  stdg-fsan,  wd-tsah^  pyi-fsan 
(cf.  pyi'ba);  cell,  honey-comb,  hive,  sbrdn- 
fsan  Cs.  —  2.  variously  applied  to  human 
places  of  ^bode:  ynas-fsan  habitation,  house; 
fsdn  JSd-ba  to  build  a  nest,  to  establish  a 


St'^  fsan'4'a 


household  Schr.;  grwa-tsan  v.  grwa;  *Uih 
fsdn*  in  W.  the  common  word  for  kitchen, 
ysdUKah  being  the  resp.  term  for  it;  fM- 
zla  perh.  brothers  and  sisters,  beside  pa- 
md  Mil.  —  3.  v.  Jtsdh-ia. 

<3fc'C'  fsdn-rm  cradle  Sch. 

No 

^j^pr  fsdn-ba  L  vb.,pf.  fsanSy  to  be  complete, 
full,  entire,  dd-ba  dgu  fsdh-ba-na, 
fsdn-ba  dan^  f8dn(s)-nas  when  the  nine 
months  were  fiill,  completed  Dzl.^  zLd-ha 
t  fsdh  -  du  ny4  -  bos  towards  the  end  of  the 
months  of  pregnancy  Dzl.;  ^dd-^a  tsahson 
'\=  btui  son*  W.  the  month  is  completed,  is 
4{^pired;  rgydl-po  ybig  (also  ybig-gis)  ma 
fstn-ba-la  as  one  king  was  still  wanting, 
theN^umber  not  being  yet  complete  DzL; 
fsan-nas  yod  they  are  complete  (in  number) 
Pth.  — 

n.  sbst  (seldom)  completeness,  entire- 
ness,  yin-min-gyHs)  ma-fsdn-ba  byuh'fjM 
when  there  is  no  completeness,  no  absolute 
certainty  as  to  right  and  vnrong.  — 

III.  adj.  1.  complete,  entire;  morefrq.: 
2.  having  things  complete,  ydn-tan  d^-fyo 
fsdn-bai  bu-mo  a  girl  in  full  possession  of 
all  these  qualities  Pfh.;  Ha-ddg  Ina  fsan-ia 
having  all  the.  five  colours  complete  Gbr.; 
dbdh-^oma-fsdn-ba  one  not  in  fiill  possession 
of  his  five  senses  Glr.  —  fsdh^ma  1.  whole, 
entire,  perfect  (the  usual  adjective  form), 
bya-pHig  tsdn-ma  iig  a  perfect  young  bird, 
i.e.  perfectly  developed  Dzl.  —  2.  esp.  W. 
all,  for  tams'idd.  —  "fsdn-ka*  W.  all  to- 
getiier,  in  all,  with  regard  to  smaller  numbers. 
—  fsdn-po  forming  a  whole.  —  fsan-skam 
perfectly  dry,  fsan-^ldn  perfectly  wet;  fsm- 
^grig  all  right,  frq.,  *fsan-digjh£-pa  or  W- 
be*  W. 

<3fc'^'  ^^^"^'*'  ^•'  ^^^'  %t^^^  copw, 
thicket;  Sch.\  a  wild,  dismal  place; 
fsan  -  fsin  JUrigs  -pa  Sch. :  ^dense  thicket; 
horrible  and  awful';  ^fsan-fsin  sridrpai ynas 
the  horrible  existence  in  the  external  world 
MU. 
(^"C^  fsan-yd  double-barreled  gun  C.  and  W. 

$C^  fsan'4'a  v.  Jsan-^a. 


ehCN-i^'^'^f^'^-^^^  X  ^^  -  "-;   ^'LLA^c^i^- 


o? 


Sia^  isans 


^ 


S^'  fiod 


445 


f(rxr  fta^,  W^.  ^kk^lig-gi  tsans*,  key-hole, 

col.  ioTmfyams(?). 
j[r%rn'  ^dm-pa  (evid.  preterite  of  ^tsdn" 
ba)  1.  purified,  clearly  pure,  holy, 
tidnihpar  gywr  big  prob.  be  clean !  be  for- 
given! Dzh  9^y  13;  ^od-tsdm^  mfol-fsdnSy 
V.  the  two;  fsdns-^ar  spydd^pa^  fsdna-pai 
sptfdd-pa  spydd'pa,  fsdns-par  misfkns-par 
spydd^a  J.  to  be  dean,  chaste,  holy,  to  do 
what  is  right,  to  lead  an  honest,  upright 
life.  2.  to  be  a  priest,  to  belong  to  a  holy 
order,  and  as  sbst.  priest,  cleric;  mi-  fsans- 
par  spydd-pa,  not  to  be  clean,  chaste  etc., 
esp.  with  budr^dr-la  to  commit  one's  self 
with  a  woman  MU,  —  ^aM^skdd* Sch.: 
'holy  cord,  the  bond  of  spirits'  (?)  —  ftaws- 
fig  equator,  prob.  of  Ckh  constraction,  cf. 
dgun  extr.  —  2.  ir|f,  Brahma,  an  Indian 
deity  transplanted  into  Buddhism ;  he  is  oc- 
casionally called  Iha  ^^-po  (Glr.)  and  pro- 
verbial for  his  melodious  voice,  yet  other- 
wise not  of  any  consequence.  —  tsdns-pai 
hu-ga  =  mtadg-ma  Med.^  Pth, 

tsad  (cf.  t&od)  1.  measure,  a.  in  a  general 
sense,  size:  ie-^im^  tsdd-la  according 
to  the  size,  in  size  Glr. ;  mi-fsad  size  of  a 
(full-grown)  man  Tar. ;  siu-^dd  stature,  size 
of  body,  resp.  Glr.]  zld-bai  dkyU-Jidr-gyi 
had  the  size  of  the  moon's  disk  Stg. ;  stobs 
gyadstdbs-pa-iei  fidd-du pyin-te  his  strength 
was  equal  to  that  of  a  powerful  athlete  Dzl. ; 
*{u  sitm-bui  fsad  bo  go%^  W.  make  it  thirty 
cubits  in  size ;  Hwrnr-t^ddHlu  ybddrpa  to  cut 
into  bits  piecemeal  Dzl.;  hL-rgyiin  Kyab^ 
Mdrdu  as  far  as  the  waters  covered  it  Tar.; 
n67jV'fyad(j^u)  Jtun-ba  to  drink  one's  fill; 
yndi'tsad  seems  to  express  chronology  Wdk.\ 
mnaip-tsad  direction  how  the  pulse  is  to  be 
felt  (or  pressed)  Med,;  Kyid-mams-kyi  ?<^ 
bskdh-^ad  according  to  your  view  of  reli- 
gious studies  Mil.;  drd-fsad  thermometer, 
granrdroi  Uad  id.;  yan-lbii  tsad  barometer; 
mfo-dman-gyi  Uad  scale  for  the  rising  and 
ficdling  (of  the  barometer) ;  all  these  appear 
to  be  proposals  of  Cs.  for  the  respective 
physical  terms;  j^a^f^d  distance  (v.  sub 
/HI  II);  Uadrmid{'pa)  unmeasured,  immea- 
t,  innumerable,  e.g.  ydn-tan  Dzl. ;  fsad- 


^ 


med('pa)  bhi  the  four  immeasurables  (viz. 
merits):  bydms-pa^  unyin^rye^  dkd-ba  and 
btan-anydm  Dom.^spyodrpa  to  practise  them, 
fob^a  to  attain  to  them  Dzl.\  na-bas  md 
fsad  yian  yah  an  infinity  of  others  besides 
me  Mil. 

b.  the  full  measure,  which  is  not  short 
of  the  proper  quantity,  standard,  fsdd-du 
pyin-pa^  shyi-ba  (Sch.  also  Jly6l-ba)  to  grow, 
so  as  to  reach  the  proper  measure;  fsddr 
du  skyh-^a  grown  up,  full-sized,  adj.  Dzl.; 
*i%e^  Idg-pa*  to  set  up  a  pattern,  or  as  a 
pattern 6'.  fiodrlddn  right  (as  weight),  about 
the  same  as  ^gaged',  just,  fair,  with  regard 
to  persons  (ni  f.)  C. 

c.  the  right  measure,  which  does  not  ex- 
ceed the  proper  quantity:  fsddr-ybodrpa  to 
limit,  bed-idd  the  enjoyment  MiL ;  bzorbtiih- 
la  to  observe  the  proper  measure  in  eating 
and  drinking,  *fe/  dzim^a,  or  idg-pa*  C. 
id.;  fsddnlas  ^dd-ba^  fdl-ba  to  exceed  the 
proper  measure  frq.;  yid^dmrpa-la  ^dd- 
las  ^dds-pa  yon  the  dejection  increases  to 
an  excess  MiL  —  To  1,  a.  may  be  referred 
d.  those  instances  in  which  the  word  assum- 
ing the  character  of  an  affix  serves  to  form 
abstract  nouns,  such  as  ydens-fyddy  or  rtoga-- 
fsddj  MU.  in  several  passages  (cf.  also  fsod) 
further  to  1,  b  may  be  reckoned  e.  the  sig- 
nification all,  dg^'ba  byed  tiod  all  the  pious 
PtJi.^  to  which  ako  Tar.  54,  15  may  be  re-      ^ 
ferred;  mortsdd  of  every  kind,  of  all  sorts'"   '^  "" 
GJr.;  *^  fse'  bu^^u  son  C.  all  his  eating  ''*^'"    '   ^ 
agreed  with  him  extremely  well;  ^dir  Iddm- 

burba  byun  tsad  all  the  beggars  that  show 
themselves  here  Mil. ;  mi  yons  fsad  all  the 
people  that  come;  snah  fsad  ios-skwr  iar 
all  that  happens  appears  as  iSds-sku  Glr.; 
ysuh  fsad  all  that  is  ordered,  proclaimed 
Sch.;  fsogs  fsdd  all  the  people  assembled 
Sch. ;  and  f.  enough,  esp.  with  a  negation: 
^dra-ba  mi  fsad  not  having  enough  of  the 
comparisons,  not  resting  satisfied  with  them; 
*wa  fsddrde*  W.  =  ma  zdd-de  B.  not  only. 
—  2.  a  certain  definite  measure,  in  com- 
pounds :  dpag-fsdd  a  mile,  sor-fsdd  an  inch: 
also  pleon.  Kru-fsad  an  ell  Cs.  =  Uru.  —  3. 
goal,  mark,  the  point  to  which  racers  run  C. 


446 


(3^Cr  fydd-pa 


^ 


^  4.  tsad  rgydg-pa  to  guess,  conjecture, 
suppose  Sch.^  cf.  ^od.  —  5.  sometimes  for 
fsdd-pa  heat;  for  tsad-ma  logic,  dbu-^dd 
Madhyamika  logic  Tar.  179,  17,  Schf. 
^c'^r  f^ddrfal,  sbst.  1.  heat, in  gen.;  tsdd- 
'  pa  byun-fse  when  it  grows  hot  Glr, ; 
tsdd-pas  ydun-ba  to  be  tormented  by  the 
heat  GZr.;  fsddrpaSj  or  vulg.  fydd-pa-maSy 
pdg-pa  to  be  struck  by  the  heat,  to  receive 
a  sun-stroke ;  also  to  be  taken  ill  with  dys- 
entery, to  which  the  Tibetans,  used  to  the 
dry  atmosphere  of  the  northern  Himalaya, 
are  very  liable,  when  during  summer  they 
venture  into  the  southern  subtropical  re- 
gions; tsdd-ban  hot,  e.g.  i/td;  fsad-lddnpTob. 
id.;  me»bum  fyddrdatiy  Lt  a  hot  cupping- 
glass  (?).  2.  morbid  heat  of  the  body,  fever 
(  W.  ^tsan-zug*') ;  fsad^ai  nod  id.,  but  also 
dysentery,  v.  above  Glr.^  C;  fyadrpa  iag- 
ynyti-ma  tertian  fever  Sekr,;  gya-^ts§'  Sik. 
Indian  or  jungle-fever;  *ron-^^'*  Sik  com- 
mon intermittent  fever.  —  II.  vb.  Cs.:  to 
measure, «  fsdd-du  by^d-pay  Uad  JdUba. 

(^^'0^  fydd'Jbu  grasshopper,  locust  Sch, 

^'\SV  ^^^^^"^^'  TmmCs  :  'measure,  rule, 
'  model,  proof,  argument;  logic';  ^dd- 
ma-^a,  or  -m/lany  Cs.  logician,  dialectitian; 
Udd-mai  bstarirbbds  a  dialectical  work  Pthr^ 
fyad-ma  yhin  an  original  work  on  dialectics 
Ci, ;  tsdd-ma  ^il4>a  commentary  to  it  Cs.; 
ganS'-rgyds-kyi  bka  fsdd-mar  bidg-pa  the 
words  of  Buddha  reduced  to  a  dogmatical 
^stem  (?)  Pth.  —  tiddrma  kun-^duSy  fsdd-ma 
sde  bdun  titles  of  books  mentioned  by  Was. 
^s^  fsariy  1.  a  root  <=  tsa  in  fsd-ba  hot,  warm 
.  '  C.  and  D.;  tsdn-mo  {^fs^-7no*\  in  W. 
*fydih-te*^  e.g.  with  cu,*(hi  fyhv^no*  C,  *(Sw- 
tsdn*  PT.,  hot  water  DzL^  warm  water  Lt; 
zan-^dn  tsdn-mo  warm  food  Lt;  curskdl 
Udn-mo  boiling  water  Mng.;  *ha  ts<i-pa  tshn- 
mo*  boiled  meat,  in  Lhasa  brought  wann 
to  the  market;  ^U^n-^di  tdn-wa*  C.  to  pro- 
ceed capitally  against,  ni.  f.;  ndn-te  sharp, 
biting,  pungent,  W.  also  sbst:  spice^  esp.  red 
pepper.  —  fsan-zug  W.  fever.  —  tsan-ro 
Sch.:  'hot,  the  sensation  of  heat'.  —  2.  = 
fid-bo:  *pa-6^*  cousin  by  the  father's, 'Tno- 


(^  tsab 

Uin*  by  the  mother's  side  C. ;  pa-hdn  idso 
=  pa-spitn\  Uu-fBdn  v.  Ku-bo.  —  3.  series, 
order,  class,  sde-fsdn  id.;  bH-f^dn  a  chiss 
or  collection  of  four  things,  tetrad  Gram.; 
drug-t&dn-du  sdibs-pa  to  put  together  in 
classes  of  six  Mil.;  don-fydn  Tar.  96,  14, 
a  certain  class  of  ideas,  range  of  thoughts 
Schf.  —  4.  as  termination  of  some  collec- 
tive nouns:  ynyeu'tsdn^  nye-fsan  kindred, 
relations,  nye-tsdn  bditd-kyi  bhoUJUbs  yin 
Mil. ;  bUnrpO'Uan  Ind-po  the  five  embassies, 
ni  f.  Glr.  —  5.  ndn-fyan  part,  of  a  country, 
district.  Tar.  90,  20.  —  6.  ifos-^an  any  treatr 
ise  under  a  distinct  head  or  title  in  a  volume 
Cs.  —  7.  difference  Sch.;  le-tsan  different 
di visions ;  sections^  chapters.  —  8.  much, 
large,  copious,  great,  *Afa  tsan  btn-te*  W. 
much  deep  snow;  tsan-H-ba^  tsanrienymri 
much,  a  great  deal,  las  ndn  ni  tsan-^  a  great 
many  bad  actions  Thgr.;  lo  fsan^^-ba  a 
plentiful  harvest,  rich  crop  Glr.;  hence  isdnr 
po  a  dignitary,  grandee  Pth.;  Kams-fsdny  l. 
prefect  of  a  provincial  association,  in  large 
convents,  such  as  Sera  and  others.  2.  asis- 
ciation,  club. 

^-  fsab  (cf.  jsdb'pa^  representative,  com. 
tsdb-po  C.y  W.,  ^kd-la  tsdb-po  yo(f  he 
has  got  a  representative,  proxy;  in  reference 
to  a  thing:  equhfalent,  substitute,  des  tsab 
run  it  may  be  replaced  by  this,  ^ab  run 
tsam-mo  this  may  perhaps  be  used  as  a 
substitute  Wdn.;  *fdb'pii  fsah  dd-te*  W.  to 
use  as  a  mop;  nas  fsab  byao  I  shall  supply 
his  place  Tar.;  fsdb-iu  instead  of,  in  the 
place  of,  mdr-mei  instead  of  a  lamp,  for  a 
lamp  Glr.;  in  W.  ^tsdb-lc^  very  common. 
Chiefly  in  compounds:  sku-tsdb  resp. « 
fsdb-po  representative  of  a  superior,  hence, 
as  may  be  the  case,  vice-roy,  delegate,  com- 
missioner, agent  —  rgyal-fsab  v.  rgydUba. 

—  do-tsab  Schr.  prob.  =  fsdb^  —  sku-fsab. 

—  rta-fsdb  a  thing  given  as  an  equivi^t 
for  a  horse  Cs.  —  nor-tsdb  goods  serving 
as  a  compensation  for  something  else,  ^pa- 
tsdb  guardian,  trustee.  —  bla-tsdb  represen- 
tative of  a  Lama,  Vice-Lama.  —  bu-fsdb 
adopted  child,  foster-child.  —  mi-^db  Sekr. 
negociator,  medMor;  hostiige(?). 


S^S^  fsab-fsdb 


^ 


^^  fstg 


K  447 


3£q-3gq-  fsalh-isab^  mig  fsab-fsab  byid-pa 
to  blink  or  twinkle  with  the  eyes  C,y 
also  W, 

^fxr  ^^  ^'  niostly  with  ce^  cSn-po^  very 
great,  very  much,  sdig-pa  fsabs-lU- 
bar  ^dug  it  proves  a  very  great  sin,  mgd^ 
ba  JUyr  tzab^-M-na  when  mach  dizziness 
intervenes  Lt\  ^fiTn-dhan-gal  fsab  iSm-po^ 
C.y  great,  serious  transgressioji;  ^gdl-fsabs- 
idn  sinning  heinously.  —  2.  tsdbs-pa  and 
-po  Cs.y  who  also  designates  it  as  resp.,  peril, 
fear,  sin  (rather  questionable);  difficulty, 
trouble  (might  perh.  be  more  adequate);  bud- 
med  ^d'tsahs'la  pan  Wdn,  it  is  of  use  in 
milk-diseases  of  the  women. 

^^^xy  tsamnddm  noisy,  blustering,  alarming 

'     Sch. 
3c^'^,   3^'^  ^a77i-fsti?n,  ^am-fsdm 
\9    '  (cf.  ts&mrpa,  fd'tsom) 

doubt,  hesitation,  wavering,  fsam-Mm  byid- 
pa  to  doubt,  hesitate,  waver;  fsam-fsimi'dany 
tsam-me-fsom-m^  doubtful,  wavering,  unde- 
cided, pan^ts^n  pydg-'la  fsamrme-fsom-mdr 
lu&^ai  fse  whilst  both  of  them  were  un- 
certain as  to  saluting  (who  should  salute 
first)  PICA. 

^^'  <iai-tott  (Chinese)  chopping-knife  C. 

aS^^rpr  fsai^dgi  scoop,  basting-ladle  C. 

gr^  fyar  1.  also  ^er  time  Pth,  vulgo;  ^ar- 
ytig  one  time,  once;  fsar /dig-la  also 
-■  srib-y dig-la  in  one  moment;  fsar  ysum 
threefold,  in  three  specimens,  copies  Tarr^ 
tsar  bii  DzL  ^^,  8,  in  four  divisions,  sorts, 
qualities  (?) — 2.  also  ^ar-fsarendsof  threads, 
fringes,  in  webs,  Ka-fsdr  Ld.  also  ru-tsdr 
fringes  at  the  beginning,  pon-Uar  at  the 
end  of  a  web  C%,  —  3.  thin  strips  of  cane, 
for  wicker-work,  fsar-zdm  cane-bridge  C. 
—  4.  fsar-sldg  v.  ^a-ru.  —  5.  v.  Jsar-ba. 

^^2jC'  ^^^'-^^  officinal  plant  in  LA.,  Car- 
duus  nutans^  but  not  agreeing  with 
the  description  in  Wdn. 

^^^'  tsdr-ma^  fern,  fsdr-mo  Bal.  old. 
3^3^^  tsar-tsar  v  fsar  2. 


^Qf«  fsal  1.  provinc.  also  fsol,  wood,  grove, 
as  a  place  for  hunting  and  recreation, 
fsal  stiig-po  Dzl;  nags-fsdl  id.;  garden,  mi- 
tog-gi  flower-garden  Ph. ;  ^al  yan-tse(Chin.) 
C.  kitchen-garden.  —  2.  smyv^gui-fsal  one 
kind  of  the  fabulous  food  of  man  in  the 
primitive  world  (?Zn;  also  the  ^unploughed 
rice'  is  called  J?ras  sa-lu-fsal.  —  3.  v.  mfsal. 
^nrsv  fsdl-^a  {Sch.  fsal-baf)  1.  also  ^- 
fsal  chip  (of  wood),  splinter,  n&n-po 
a  sharp,  piercing  splinter  Dzl.'^  billet  Glr.\ 
thin  board,  veneer  etc. ;  shiver,  fragment,  fsdU 
pa  bdim-du  gas  DzL]  fsdUbu  dimin.,  small 
chip  or  shiver  W. :  *fsdl-bu  fan  son!*  a  small 
piece  is  broken  out.  —  2.  bunch,  of  flowers, 
of  ears  of  corn  etc.,  a  lock  of  hair  cut  off  W. 
<g^aj'5J'  ^«'-^«  vulgo  for  dro,  breakfast,  fsalr- 
ma  za-ba  to  breakfast,  fsdl-ma  zd- 
ba  -  mams  'companions  at  a  great  man's 
table' (?)  Cs.;  fsdl-mai  lam  =  fsa-ldm  v.  i^d- 
ba  extr. ;  fsal  bSg-pa  =  dro  btdb-pa  to  make 
a  moming-halt  on  a  journey;  fsaJrrtin  the 
time  from  breakfast  till  dinner,  opp.  to  shd- 
dro^  q.v. 

gxv'  fsas  (fsds-po  Cs.)  1.  TT.  for  ^oZ  garden, 
fsas-skdr,  fsds-Kan  garden-bed,  fsds- 
mUan  gardener.  —  2.  of  a  woman  in  child- 
birth: fsas-kyis  yso(?)  Med. 

^  fsi  num.  fig. :  48. 

^•m-  fd-ka  (or  fsi-rkaf)  C.  furrow  in  a 

'  ploughed  field, 
^•crr  ^^  ^i-gu,  fsig-gu  1.  kernel  or 
nJ'  'nJ  nut  contained  in  the  stone 
of  a  stone-fruit,  Kdm-bui  of  an  apricot  Lt^ 
C.  (W.:  *rtsi-gu*).  —  2.  Ld.  a  large  muller 
orgrinding-stone==ju-^m;musket-ball,bulleL 
^-q-  fsi-ba  C,  W.  *^'*  tough,  viscous,  sticky 
matter,  esp.  clammy  dirt,  e.g.  in  the 
wool  of  sheep;  fsi  ddrn-po  solid  dirt,  bad* 
han-gyi  fsi-ba  Med.  tenacious  slime;  fsi(-ba) 
-ban  sticky,  clammy,  dirty;  ""fsi-du*  W.  dirty, 
unclean,  filthy,  esp.  in  a  religious  sense,  = 
*k\pig-dho*  C.;  *n§  zdg-po  ^i-du  son*  says 
a  girl  euphemistically  for:  I  have  the  menses. 
fsig  1.  word,  in  its  strict  sense,  'bdi- 
bar  ykdgs-pa  nt  bde-ba  dan  yhegs-^ai 
fsig  ynyis-las  medy  bde-bar  yiegs-pa  B,Te  only 


448 


^^=rpT|*  (sig-gu 


^ 


3wr  tm 


two  words,  viz.  hde-ia  and  yiegs-pa  Lea.; 
Jbrirbai  fsig  interrogative  (word),  such  as 
bi;  fsig  sgrig-pa  to  connect  or  arrange  words; 
as  a  sbst.:  constnictiony  the  order  in  which 
words  are  to  be  placed;  grammatical  form, 
dd-lfar-gyi  fsig  form  of  the  present  tense; 
f^-grdgs^  fsig-grdgs-h/t  dbdn-gis  Tar,; 
Schf. :  'by  the  force  of  construction'  (?)  ^ig- 
^grel  Tar.  explanation  of  words;  fsig-^grds 
Sch.:  'course  of  speech,  connexion  of  words'; 
fsig-prad^  tdg-rgydn  particle,  a  small  word 
not  inflected;  tsig-JMi  Schr.:  a  separate 
word  or  syllable,  fsig-J^^-ynyer-pa  Sch. 
'linguist,  philologist,  purist' ;  tsig-JmirUibs 
Lex.f  —  2.  word,  saying,  speech,  subject  of 
a  discourse,  ^  -  mydn^-pa)  kind  word, 
friendly  speech,  fsig-Jdm  id.,  brtse-bai  fsig 
an  affectionate  word  Glr.\  ^tsig-sub*  W. 
hard,  angry,  bad  words;  *]fe^-ndn,  isig- 
zui^  W.  id.;  rtdg-par  ma  mfdri'bai  fsig  fo$- 
nas  always  receiving  the  answer,  that  (she 
who  was  sought)  had  not  been  seen;  fsig^ 
med-par  ^gyur-ba  not  being  able  to  utter 
a  word  (from  pain)  Dzl.;  but  Kor-fsig-m^d- 
par  ysdl-ba  ^d^bs^pa  MU.  prob.  to  pray 
without  hypocrisy;  ^dg  nyim'la  don  ie-ba 
MiL  saying  much  in  few  words;  tsig-HydU 
pa  =  kyalrka  Dzl.;  yidn^gyi  fsig  yiod^pa 
to  interrupt  one  in  his  speech;  fsig-ysal  a 
clear  word,  perspicuoos  style  (^.;  ^-Jb6l 
easy  or  fluent  style  Cs.;  ^-la  mUas-pa  skil- 
ful in  selecting  words  Cs.;  bdh^fsig  v.  bdhi- 
pa  extr. ;  brdzim-fsig  falsehood,  lie  Cs. 
3CT'^  fsig-gu  v.  fsi-gu. 

rzv  fsig-pa  1.  v.  Jsig-pa.  —  2.  sbst., 
W.  also  fsig-po  anger,  indignation, 
vexation,  provocation,  fsig -pa  zd-ba  to  be 
angry  PtLy  frq.;  *^(-po)  KoV  W.  his  anger 
kindles. 
SCT'n   tsig-po  1 .  =  fsig  C%.  —  2.  v.  fsig-pa2. 

5&1KJ-  fsigs^  less  frq.  tsigs-pa^  fsigs-ma  1. 
'  member  between  two  joints,  hence 
fBigs-mtsdms  joint  iS.^.;  joint,  sor-fsigs  the 
joints  of  the  fingers,  knuckles  Cs.]  fsigs  Jmd- 
paCs.y  *ful'tey  bdg-be^  W.  to  put  out  of 
joint,  to  dislocate,  to  sprain;  fsigs  Jug-pa 
to  reduce  a  dislocated  joint  6!s.;  fsigs-ndd. 


fsigs-zitg  articular  disease,  pain  in  the  joints, 
gout;  joint  of  the  back-bone,  vertebra;  spine, 
also  sgal'fsigs^  vulgo  fsigs-ruSy  hence  *fng- 
giir*  W. hump,  hunch;  joint,  knee,  knot,  m^ 
fsigs  knot  of  a  stalk  of  com  or  straw,  smyug- 
fsigs  knot  of  cane  Cs. ;  member  of  a  gene- 
ration Glr.;  metrical  division,  verse,  fsigs^ 
bhdd'de  smrd-ba  to  speak  in  verse,  fyig$ 
(-su)  bbad^-pa)  strophe,  stanza,  fsigs-hM 
byid-pa  to  compose  verses,  to  speak  inverse 
Dzl.;  dus'fsigs  division  of  time,  e.g.  season 
Pth.  —  2.  fsigs-ma  sediment,  residuum,  r^ 
sidue,  smdn-gyi  of  a  medicine  Dd.;  mdr- 
gyi  Dzl,  olive-husks,  oil-cake;  fsigs-rd^ 


gs-ma. 


W^(^'  fstb{s),  fsib-nad  measles  Sch. 

^&rq-  fsim-pa  vb.  to  be  Content;  gen.  adj. 
content,  satisfied,  satiated,  consoled, 

frq.:  yid  Mm-par  gyur  he  was  satisfied, 
appeased,  consoled ;  ji  ^ddd-pai  yid  tsim-^ 
all  her  (their)  wishes  being  satisfied  Gbr.; 
dgaMUs  fsim-par  gyur -bin  being  indeed 
over-happy  Pth. ;  fsim-par  by^d-pa  to  satisfy, 
with  the  dat  or  accus.  of  the  person. 
jg3;rj&r  fsiwr-tsim^  mig  fsim-fsim  jiugC 

the  eye  is  dazzled. 
^«  ^r  order,  course,  succession,  turn,  prob. 
only  col.,  *nd'la  fshr  yon  or  bob*  it  is 
my  turn;  *nd'SO  fsir-la*  succession  by 
seniority;  ^gdti-fsir  ifki-fsir*  id.;  ^fstr-la^ 
fsir-du^  fsir  dan^  by  turns,  every  one  in 
his  turn  or  course,  one  thing  after  Uie  other. 

5^'^  fsir^ia  V.  Jsir-bcu 

jgjr  fsU  fat,  not  melted,  fsil-bu  lii.  S.g.\ 
lug-fsil  mutton  fat,  j^dg-fsU  pork-fat, 
bacon;  Kat-fsU,  Kdg-fsiL,  grdd-fsilw^  lard; 
sbd-fsil  bacon;  lon-fsU  intestinal  fat  —  spra- 
fsil  wax  J?.,  C.  (W.  *mum*)\  Uil-ku  liquid 
fat,  in  the  living  body,  or  melted  fat  PA. 
—  fsiUban^  fsH-lddn  fet,  fsH-m^d  lean.  — 
fsil  -  rd  remains  of  lard  after  melting.  — 
fsU^ubs  i.sfa*aight-gut, rectum if<»2.  2.sausage 
Cs.  - 

^^^'  fsU'din  Ld.  mortar  and  pesUe. 

^^  fsis  Mil.y  Thgy.  prob.  secondary  form 
of  rfeM. 


c5 


fm 


^  mi 


449 


5^-  few  1.  num.  fig.:  78.  —  2.  the  contrary 
^  of  pa  II.,  root  of  the  words  signifying 
hitheiwd,  on  this  side;  ^-Ka  Cs.  (Mr-Ka 
q.T.),  more  frq.  ^rrol  this  side  (opp.  to 
pd-rol),  ts/iirTolr^na  adv.  on  this  side,  postp. 
with  genit.  ad),  on  this  side;  fsu-Tol-tu^  this 
way,  to  this  place;  fsu-rol-^cta  from  this 
side;  tsftt-roUpa  one  on  this  side,  one  be- 
longing to  this  (our)  party  Stg,\  tiurbi  one 
of  this  side,  pa-bi  one  of  the  other  side  C«., 
provinc.(?).  Of.  fsun^  f«wr.  ^ol, 
^•Q'ftu-t^(?)  C,  -jwpeb'.  Chinese,1for  the  Ti- 
^^  betan  sAywr-rw,  ace.  to  some:  vinegar, 
ace.  to  others:  a  pulpy  product,  prepared  of 
various  kinds  of  £ruit,  mixed  with  vinegar, 
SQgar,  and  spices,  and  having  been  left  to 
ferment,  used,  like  mustard,  as  a  condi- 
ment, which  in  India  is  called  'chutney'. 
isr  tsuff  1.  Sch.:  'group,  object' (?);  fsug- 
^'  «o  PT.  all  the  households  or  villages 
placed  under  oneGopa. — 2.  rarely  for  trng; 
thus^t-fttfjr  Glr.  49,  inst.  of  H-tmg. 

iqrqYon  ^-P<-^)  W-  *«»  "P  ^^^  till, 
^'  ^  '^  gan  fsitg-pa  how  far,  how' long? 
*na  Nyitn-U-ru  cd-be  fsiig-parla*  until  I  go 
to  Sultanpur;  gan  Mg-pa , . .  de  fs^ig^a 
so  far  as. 

Anxro'  <^«-p«  !•  ▼•  ffiugs-pa.  —  2.  to 
^'  do  one  harm,  to  hurt,  to  inflict, 
mostly  with  a  negative,  bar-idd  ma  Mgs- 
par  without  having  hurt  me  MU.;  nd-la 
meSy  nad-kyis  etc.  mi  fsugs  fire,  disease  etc. 
can  do  me  no  harm,  Glr,,  Mil.,  frq.  —  3. 
sbst.,  also  Mgs-Uany  W.  ^fsug-sa*^  caravan- 
sary, or  merely  a  level,  open  place  near  a 
village,  where  traveller's  may  encamp,  or 
where  public  business  is  transacted;  also 
for  ^i4irnirT9  hall  of  judgment;  hospital. 
^^  f9udrpa  V.  Jtsud-pa. 

3pjj»  istm  —  fsu  2.,  gen.  with  Had  or  bad  or 
^  la,  signifying  within,  by,  not  later  than, 
as  postp.  c.  accus.,  rab%  bdun  ^T^^a'cf  within 
seven  generations,  (they  will  be  happy)  even 
to  the  seventh  generation,  DzL;  sdn-gi  nyi- 
ma  ~]^d  Mn  -  fa  by  to-morrow  noon  (it 
must  be  finished)  Glr,;  *dd-wa  ^  fsun  V 
Ub*  C.  shall  he  come  in  less  than  half  a 


month?  bu  dan  bU-mc  fmrir-'idd  even  to  the 
children,  not  even  the  children  being  ex- 
cluded Tar.  119,  3.  — 

Note.  In  the  terms  pan  and  ftwn,  like 
yan  and  man^-cad),  the  significations  given 
by  Cs.:  from,  from  a  certain  place  or  time 
forward,  till,  until,  are  not  properly  inherent 
to  the  word,  but  are  to  be  inferred  in  each 
separate  instance  from  the  figurative  appli- 
cation of  the  original  sense  of  the  root. 
VWw  fsitb-ma,  J^sub-ma  storm,  fmb-^b, 
^^  rlun-Mb  gale,  hurricane,  Ka-fsub 
snow-storm;  bu-tmb  {pu-tmb?)  gust  of 
wind,  Qhd)  ^drei  bu-fsub  whirlwind;  fig. 
prag^ddg^  fsub-ma  MU.  a  violent  fit  of  envy; 
sems'tsub  trouble  of  mind  Cb. 
^^'  tmr  hither,  to  this  place,  hitherward  (cf  . 
^ar),  tmr  hog  (resp.  yhegsy  in  later  lit. 
byan)  come  hither,  come  here!  also  in  an 
objective  sense:  imr  ^dnr-ba  to  return  home 
Pth.,  Tar.;  ^di-na»  ^fwr  bhdd-nas  speaking 
to  me  through  this  (tube)  Glr. ;  almost  pleon. 
in  tBikr-la  nyon  listen  to  me!  Mil.  frq.; 
fsiir-ka  this  side,  the  this  side  river-bank, 
declivity,  party  etc.,  similarly :  fsitr  -  logs, 
{9(tT'^ogs. 

d^X'^)  SI^Y^f)  f9ur('mo),mmr(-^) 
Kn  \  jy  K6  \  y  colouring  matter,  pig- 
ment, prob.  »  sa-i^r  Stg.,  ace.  to  Cs.  mineral 
paint,  nag-  black,'  ser-  yellow,  dmar  -  fsur 
red-pamt;  for  nag  Uiir  Sch.  has:  green  vi- 
triol; in  Zam.  also  riis-kyi  fmr  is  named. 
j^  tml  ^1^  1.  manner,  way,  form,  cha- 
^  racter,  nature,  fml  )i4tar . ..  de bhin^ 
du2i&  —  so  Wdn.,  zdr-fsul,  ^gruUtsul,  bsdm^ 
fstU  the  way  in  which  a  person  speaks,  walks, 
thinks;  ynds-fml  v.  ynds-pa;  ynds-fsul  and 
sndn^tml  being  and  appearing,  philosoph. 
terms  for  reality  and  appearance  Was.  (297); 
j-tdn-tsul  the  way  of  giving,  i.e.  a  certain 
quantity  given,  dose  Stg.;mi  sdug-pai  sna- 
fsdgs'kyis  (to  damage)  in  various  vicious 
ways  Mil.;  tml  de  Kd-nas  by  that  same 
way  of  proceeding  Tar.;  hence  tsul-gyis  in 
consequence  of^  by  means  of  Pth.  and  else- 
where; snan  smrds-pai  Uul  the  character 
of  his  last  speech  Dzl;  rgyoridd-kyi  Jbrel- 
fsul  the  mode  or  kind  of  intercourse,  the 

29 


450 


A   tae 


^ 


-^d-^Y-if 


,  '\Z»^K^ 


3^  Ueg 


relations  between  Tibet  and  China  Glr.; 
pydg-gi  fsul-du  in  a  way  as  if  he  were  sa- 
luting MU.;  gus-giis-kyi  tsul^-du)  hyid-pa 
to  make  a  semblance  of  veneration,  to  make 
gestures  of  reverence  Mil,;  mi  mUy&n-pai 
fsiilrdu  byds'te  pretending  not  to  know  MU.; 
(cf.  fM'JSos-pa  V.  ^os-pa);  dge^sUn-gi  fM- 
du  m  \ht  guise  of  a  monk  Tar.;  mai  fsvl 
jdzifirfa  to  assume  the  mother's  form,  fi- 
gure Tot,;  glan-i^n-gyi  fadlrduy  (Buddha 
came  down)  in  the  shape  of^  or  as,  an  ele- 
phant Qlr,\  dddrpai  tsM-^yis  in  the  way  of 
faith,  with  a  believing  mind  P(h,;  mi-rtdg 
tsul'du  yda  it  exists  in  the  way  of  tran- 
sientness,  it  is  of  a  transitory  nature  MU.; 
mdzdd-pa  bbu-ynyis^h/i  ^ul-gyis  in  the 
manner^  in  the  order,  of  the  twelve  deeds 
Glr. ;  ^08  ii-iai  t^til-gyis  for  the  most  part. 
Tar.  50^  15;  way  of  acting,  conduct,  deport- 
ment, course  of  life,  snd-mai  fsul  your  former 
conduct  Mil. ;  di-lta-bui  dgi^ai  tsrd  de  fda- 
nas  hearing  such  an  example  of  virtue  re- 
lated. —  2.  emphat.:  the  right  way,  good 
manners,  order,  rule;  fyul  (dan)  mf&n{-pa) 
orderly,  regular,  sensible,  reasonable,  brgyd- 
la  fsuUmftin  re  i»am  Jbyiin-na  Mil.  if  but 
once  in  a  hundred  cases  something  sensible 
is  uttered ;  tmlrlddn^  fsuUian  regular,  me- 
thodical Cs.;  also  just,  conformable  to  duty, 
tsttl-biin^a  adv.  tmlrbiiv^u  id. ;  fml-rrUdy 
fml4)ii7irmin  irregular,  unjust  Cs.;  srid-kui 
fml  spydd'bin  fulfilling  a  child's  duty;  ftiM- 
las  nyams  growing  remiss  in  one's  duty,  neg- 
lecting, breaking  one's  duty;  esp. fwiZ-Afrms 
religious  or  moral  duty,  moral  law;  monastic 
vows,  fM'Krinm-can  1.  being  bound  by 
such  Sch.\  2.  observing  such  Cs.;  fM-Krims ' 
sriin-ba  to  keep  them,  Jig-pa^  nydms^pa 
to  break  them;  tsid -  IcrimSy  as  a  personal 
name^  is  much  in  favour. —  3.  species,  kind, 
ndd-tml  species  or  kind  of  disease,  zds- 
fyul  species  of  food  S.g.  (not  frq.).  —  4. 
joined  to  the  root  of  a  verb :  ydn  tsuly  when, 
or  as,  he  came,  W. 

^  fse  I.  num.  figure:  108. 

II.  sbst.  1 .  time,  in  a  gen.  sense,  =  dus 
B.;  ydd^-pat)  fseQ-na),  when  it  is,  when  it 
was;  gdn{'gi)  fse  (-no),  de(i)  fse{-na)  at 


which  time,  at  that  time,  then,  firq.  tse^i  all 
the  time(?),  nyin^fse-ri\k^  whole  day,  fton- 
fse^^  the  whole  night  W.  —  2.  time  of  life, 
^Ifse-ghah'UQn-bug*  imprisonment  for  life 
C;  tse  y^-gi  drds-pai  gas  v.  droi^pa;  Kfe, 
Ue  ^di  this,  the  present,  life,  fse-pyi^-ma) 
a  future  period  of  life  (also  merely:  Jipyi^ 
without  fse);  fse  shd-ma  an  earlier  period 
of  existence,  relative  to  the  transmigrauoa 
of  souls,  yet  tse  jii  and  pyi  may  also  be 
used  in  a  Christian  sense;  fse  rin-ba  long 
life,  fs§  fun-ba  short  life;  fse-rin  is  also  a 
very  common  name  both  of  men  and  women; 
rgydl-ba  dan  fse^n-bar  idg-big  happiness 
and  long  life  (to  the  king)!  DzL;  fse('dan) 
-lddn(-pa)y  Hl^jiMi^t?  ^^^  ^^  epithet  of 
Bodhisattwas;  ^e^pag-mid  name  of  Bud- 
dha; *fse  pid-ie*  W.  to  earn  a  livelihoocl; 
fse  JHySr-zin  hdr-ba  to  come  off  with  one's 
life,  to  have  a  narrow  escape;  fse  fdr-dm 
Jiy^a  V.  fdr-ba^  fse^-las)  ^dds^-pa)  havbg 
died  Dzl—3.  jBaZ.sex,  yd-fse,  mi-fsf, 
male,  femide  sex. 

Comp.  fse-skdbs  v.  skabs.  —  fse-^  water 
of  life  Glr.  —  fse-ynyts-^a  of  an  amphibious 
nature  Cs.  —  f^e-ltdgs  a  poor,  starving  va- 
grant, beggar  W.  —  fse-mddns  Lt ««  byadr 
mdam  healthy  appearance,  a  fine,  fresh 
complexion.  —  fse-fsdd  duration  of  life.  — 
fse-mdzady  Wdk.  457,  an  attribute  of  the 
gods,  resembling  a  small  plate  with  fruit 
—  fse-rdbs  period  of  existence,  duration  (A  a 
re -birth,  a  great  many  of  which  ace.  to 
Buddhist  doctrine  every  man  has  to  pass 
through  DzL;  fse-rdbs-kyi  bld-ma  Mil.  a  man 
that  is  always  re-bom  as  a  Lama. 
V«qr-  fse-pdd  Ephedra  saxaMliSy  a  litde 
'  alpine  shrub  with  red  berries,  which 
are  said  to  be  roasted  and  pulverized,  to 
give  greater  pungency  to  snuff. 

^•^'  ^e^i  1.  V.  ^.  —  2.  V.  fsSr-ka. 


^^  fseg  W.  *fsa^  1.  point,  dot,  also  nag- 
'  fsig.  —  2.  more  particularly  the  point 
separating  syllables,  bar-fsSg^  \L\  pyi-tsig 
likewise,  in  as  far  as  it  follows  a  letter  Qram.:^ 
fseg  -  bar  that  which  stands  between  two 
points  or  tsegs,  a  syllable. 


S^^rpr  fsegs 


« 


^§^  tsogs 


451 


^^  ^9^  troublesome,  difficult,  hard,  tsegs- 
'  X?  very  troublesoine,  rkcm  tsegs-i^ 
Mil.  much  (fruitless)  ronniog  to  and  fro; 
fiegs-mid  it  is  not  difficult;  tsegs-rndd^-par) 
easily  adv. ;  fsigs-pa  trouble,  toil,  difficulty 
Sch.;  j^an- fsegs  little  troubles  or  diffi- 
culties Cs. 

'^S^r'ipi  ftAn(-po),seam,cf.ofe^-pa;^^- 
bzo-puy  ^imrpa  tailor  W.;  6^- 
po  ^ffrol  the  seam  opens^  comes  loose;  fsem- 
mM  without  a  seam;  tsiwr-bu  Lex.,  Sch.: 
what  has  been  stitched,  darned,  quilted. 
^gj;t^  fsems,  resp.  tooth,  fsSmS'^iin  tooth- 
pick DzL 
'^^^ZV  t^ems-fa  to  have  the  disadvantage, 
to  come  off  a  loser,  not  receiving 
a  full  share  Sch, 
"^  fser  \,  ^  tsar  time  vulgo ;  fser  -  fs^, 

iW.,  prob.  many  times,  repeatedly.  — 
2.  V.  the  following. 
^gi^Tjr  ts^T'-ka  W.  also  fse-ri,  fse-ri  sorrow, 

'  grief,  pain,  affliction,  *f«^-r^  bo  mi  go* 
do  not  grieve!  ^fser  bUg-he*  to  afflict,  to 
grieve  (not  in  £.). 

^•g;j*  fs^-wa,Tr.*<i^r-waw*l.  thorn, prick, 
brier,  Dzl.  fyer  zug  son  I  have  run 
a  thorn  into  (my  hand,  foot) ;  fser-mai  mgo 
a  deer's  head  po.  spoken  of  MU.;  ts^-ma 
^d^nrfa  to  puU  out  a  thorn ;  nya^fsir  fish- 
bone Sch.\  ^dr-ma-ban  1.  thorny,  prickly, 
briery.  2.  like  thorns,  Thgy.—  2,  thom-bush, 
bramble,  brake  ^er-dMr,  fser-stdr,  buck- 
thorn, Hippophae  rhamncndes^  ^tser-tar-lu' 
hi*  Ld.y  the  berries  of  it  (extremely  sour). 
—  tser-fags  thorn-hedge  (in  Tibet  gen,  dead 
hedges).  —  fser-lum  yellow  raspberry  Sik. 
Uer-Uidg  n.  of  a  disease  Lt 
^^«  fses  ivfi^,  1.  day  of  the  month,  Ues- 

grdns  date,  always  expressed  by  the 
cardinal  number,  fses-ybig  etc.,  tses-bbii  the 
tenth,  in  certain  months  a  festival  day,  tses- 
bbu-middrpa  sacrifice  and  beer-drinking  on 
that  day;  tses-^bui  J^dm-yig  programme  of 
the  religious  dances  performed  on  that  oc- 
casion; zld'ba  tsis'pa  and  tses-ystrni-zld' 
bcL  —  2.  symb.  num.:  15. 
'^  fyol.  num.  figure:  138.  —  2.  sbst.  troop, 
number,  host,  yet  hardly  ever  standing 


alone,  or  governing  a  genit  case,  but  like 
a  termination  SkiSxed:  grdn-mi-fso  the  peas- 
ants (of  the  village),  %^d  mdl-Jryor  -pa-- 
tso  ye  saints!  In  some  instances  its  sub- 
stantive character  is  more  apparent,  thus 
in  tsdn-^or-fsOy  mJcds-porfso ,  bd-fso  it  may 
be  rendered  by:  a  troop  of  merchants^  a 
society  of  learned  men  (or  the  learned),  a 
herd  of  cows  (Ci.);  but  most  frq.  it  stands 
(at  least  in  later  lit.)  as  plural  termination 
of  pronouns,  so:  nid-tso  we,  Kon-fso  they, 
jdi^fso  these,  or  it  is  affixed  to  numerals: 
Jmrn-tso  100  000.  —  yvl-tso  v.  yuL  —  3. 
adj.  hot  Bal. 

V^q*  fsd-ba  fat,  greasy,  ^o-Uii  fat  gravy, 
tsO'ldir  unwieldy  with  fatness  (<&o 
jdug  mi  JLug^  or  btid  ma  body  is  it  fat  or 
not?  being  with  young  or  not?  Sch.f) 

^' Oj^*  Ud'lo  W,  vulg.  =  o'pomy  cf.  ^pon-tsos. 

'^n^^  fsogs  Ssk.  ipj,  (cf.  Jsdgs-pd)  1.  an 
'  assemblage  of  men  (implying,  how- 
ever, compared  with  ^so,  a  larger  number 
of  individuals,  not  at  once  to  be  surveyed), 
Cs.:  fsogs  sdu^ba  to  call  an  assembly,  ^gy^d^ 
pa  to  dismiss  it;  tsogs  ^tft^  an  assembly  meets, 
^e  it  dissolves;  W.:*hol  «o»*it  is  adjourned, 
*tol  son*  it  is  broken  up;  dpuh^-gi),  dmag 
(^-giy^ogs  army  frq.;  yuUfsogs  village  com- 
munity, country-parish,  *yul-fsog  nyi  Ian- 
te  yod^  W.  two  parishes  have  set  out;  human 
society,  tsdgs-^h/i  ndn-nas  Jn/un-ba  Stg.^ 
*fsog  dhah  gyd-^a*  C.  to  retire  from  society; 
tsdgs-nan  mi  ^grd^a  not  mixing  with  so- 
ciety Dd.;  ids  -  fsogs  has  been  introduced 
by  us,  with  the  concurrence  of  our  native 
Christians,  as  the  word  for  'congregation, 
church,  ixxl7]aia\  —  2.  accumulation,  mul- 
titude, of  things,  *Un-tso^  W.  wood,  thicket, 
copse,  bush,  shrub ;  md-fsogs  mass  of  fire, 
Thgy. ;  in  a  more  special  sense  =  dge-bai 
fsogs,  or  bsdd-namjs-kyi  fsogs,  accumulation 
of  merit  acquired  by  virtue,  fsogs  ysdg-pa 
to  accumulate  such  frq.;  fsogs  ma  bsdg-pai 
mi  almost  the  same  as  a  wicked,  godless 
person ;  fsogs^-kyi)  Jior^-h),  TfUf^nit,  sacri- 
ficial offering,  a  quantity  of  victuals,  trink- 
ets,  and  other  articles  being  disposed  in 


452 


^' 


^ 


tson 


3S^'  isod 


a  cii*cle  as  an  oblation,  MU,  and  elsewh.; 
fsogS'Ji&r  skor-ba  prob.,  like  h&m-pa  to  pre- 
pare such  an  oiffering;  tsogs  ynyis  Glr,  was 
explained  by  bsod-naTn^-kyi  tsogs  dan  ye- 
hes'kyi  tsogs*^  sna-tsdgs  of  all  kinds,  merely 
signifies  ^many'.  —  3.  ^ogs  drug  MU,  and 
elsewh.,  Was.  290,  ^kinds'  of  perception  by 
the  senses,  which  are  supposed  to  be  more 
or  less  in  number,  yet  the  etymology  of  the 
word  rather  suggests  the  groups  of  objects 
perceptible  by  means  of  the  (6)  senses.  — 

Comp.  fsog&'Udn  meeting-house  Cs.  — 
fsogs'Ji&r  v.  above.  —  tisogs-grdl  MU.  1. 
row  of  people  in  an  assembly  2.  row  of 
oflFerings,  nif.  —  tsdgs^an-ma  Sch.  'song- 
stress, prostitute*.—  fsogs-midgeb  most  splen- 
did assemblage,  fsogs-miSog'dge-^diim  Thgy, 
— fsogs-ytdm  speech  addressed  to  a  meeting 
Cs.  —  tsogS'Stdn  a  high  sacrificial  festival 
Pth.  —  tsogB{'-kyi)'bddg{'fd)  if^^y  son  of 
Siwa,  the  god  of  wisdom,  famished  with  a 
thick  belly  and  the  head  of  an  elephant; 
appears  also  in  the  Buddhism  of  later  times.  — 
tsogs'dpdn  president  or  chairman  of  a  meet- 
ing Cs.  —  fsogS'Zdm  Sch,:  *the  meeting- 
kettle,  the  point  of  union  or  its  symboP.  — 
tsogssa  place  of  meeting  C«.  —  tsogs-ysdg 
accumulated  merit,  tantamount  to  offer- 
ings and  gifts  bestowed  on  priests,  also  any 
service  or  work  done  to  or  for  a  priest  Mil. 
Vj-*  fson  (Ca.  =  zon  merchandize,  but  more 
corn:)  trade,  traffic,  commerce,  *pag' 
fsdn*  W.  smuggling-trade,  *W-^^,  tdn-de*; 
tsdn-gi  He  profit,  gain,  gun  loss  in  trading; 
fson  by^d-pa  Glr.,  ^gyag-pa*  G,  *gyab'be*  W. 
(cf.  above),  to  carry  on  trade;  fson  brgiid- 
pa  id.  Sch. 

Comp.  fsonskad  commercial  language, 
business-like  style,  terms  of  trade.  —  6d/2- 
Kan  store -house,  magazine.  —  fson-gru 
trading-vessel,  merchantman.  —  Udh-^grogs 
commercial  friend,  correspondent.  —  tsoh- 
^ah  pledging  in  beer,  after  a  bargain  has 
been  struck.  —  fsdn-iad  bill  of  purchase, 
deed  of  sale.  —  tson-mfun  commercial  inter- 
course. —  tsdh-Jtus  market  people  Pth.  — 
fs6h''JkiS''Sa  market-place.  —  tsdn-rdal  that 
quarter  of  a  city  which  is  chiefly  inhabited 


by  merchants.  —  fson-pa  merchant,  trader, 
seller;  ^ym- fson -pa  com -merchant,  Siui- 
fson-pa  dealer  in  wine  and  other  liquors. 
—  yser-dah-dntL^jgyi)  fs&n-pa  exchanger 
of  gold  and  silver  coins.  —  fsM-dpon,  Hind, 
batuihari.  head  of  a  commerciid  establish- 
ment, the  principal  merchant  in  acity, under 
whose  control  all  the  rest,  and  the  market 
in  general,  are  standing;  the  chief  leader 
of  a  caravan,  to  whom  all  that  have  joined 
in  it  are  subordinate  Glr. —  fson-^pdgs  pro- 
ceeds of  trade;  fson-spdgs  bySd-pa,  fton- 
spdgs'la  ^grd^a  to  engage  in  commercial 
speculations  Dzl.  —  fson-jprul  commerce, 
fson-^prid-gyi  ynas  market  —  ^on-zdn  (cf. 
^oh'idn)  meal  after  settling  a  business.  - 
fson-zdn  goods,  merchandize.  —  fsdn-ut 
commercial  place,  market. 
V^«^*  fson-tsdn  1.  a  kind  of  ornament  (k. 

2.  =  tson-tsdn. 
^-  fsod  (prop,  the  same  as  ^ad)  1.  mMr 
*  sure,  proportion,  in  a  general  sense  = 
the  right  and  just  measure;  fsod  ^cbdn-pa, 
(bzfkn-ba)  W.  *ziim~ie*  1.  to  take  measure, 
to  measure,  to  measure  out,  to  survey,  yd 
land,  ^yutrfsddrzum'Kar^  land-surveyor  W. 
2.  to  estimate,  to  rate,  to  appraise,  to  tax, 
ran-gi  fsod  mi  ^dzin  he  overrates  hims^ 
(his  own  powers)  DzL  3.  to  observe  the 
right  measure,  to  be  temperate,  zas-lldn^a 
in  eating  and  drinking  Gir.;  zds-tsod  ma 
zin  ^ns  gyiir-na  when  below  the  proper 
measure,  i.e.  when  too  little  is  eaten  Sg. 
4.  to  try,  to  tempt,  to  lead  into  temptadon 
W,;  fsod-ltd'bay  Un-pa  B.  and  vulg.,  Cs. 
also  fsod  bgdm-pa  to  try,  prove,  *<^od  ma 
Itos*  I  have  not  tried  it  yet  W.,  *%-6tW 
ma  Itos*  id.,  fsod  Ud-ia^  len-pa  also  to  SOUnd, 
to  sKt,  examine,  spy  out,  fsodrlenr^  sbsi, 
spy;  s^ms-kyi  or  nydms-(kyi)  fsod  UiP-pa  to 
examine,  find  out  or  sift  another's  thoughts 
or  sentiments,  also  ^Kog-fs^  Um-pci^  C.\ 
fsod  ^dlrba  to  measure;  fsod-^es^  to  keep 
measure,  and  adj.:  obsenring  due  measure, 
temperate,  fsodrmi^is-pa  not  keeping  mea- 
sure, intemperate.  —  fsod-bany  fsod-Uan 
1.  moderate.  2.  punetiltous,  strict,  grave  W. 
— «  fsod-mSd  intemperate,  immoderate,  im- 


SF\S^  taddrTiia 


^ 


^ 


463 


tiOS 


padeDt  —  2.  measure,  instrument  for  measur- 
ing,  iftt-ftcW  water-clock. — 3.  division,  portion, 
quantity,  tsod-big  part,  ^nor  fsod  big*  part 
of  the  money,  of  the  estate  W. ;  esp.  of  time, 
point  of  time,  certain  hour,  cf.  ca-tsod  and 
dus-isod;  ^duhpu-be  Uddrld"  W,  at  the  time 
when  the  signal  with  the  trumpet  is  given; 
•ftaw  feorf*  IT.,  at  which  hour?  —  4.  esti- 
mation, supposition,  conjecture,  guess;  nai 
tsod'la  according  to  my  estimation,  fsod 
Jbdnrpa  v.  above;  ^dha  Ub-^e  fso^  yg'^  by 
this  time  he  will  have  arrived,  1  guess  C; 
hence  ^fsodrbe^  W,  to  guess;  ^dd-hes^  fs6d- 
bya  riddle  Cs.,  tsdd^es  amrd-ba  to  propose  a 
riddle,  7ni-^«<K2 about  men,  6^m-f80(2  about  in- 
animate objects  6«.(?);  ^Uodrtsdd*  W.  at  ran- 
dom Sch, — 5.  fsod  affixed  to  an  adj.  serves  to 
form  abstract  nouns,  thus:  myid^ar  dkd- 
is6d\h&  difficulty  of  obtaining,  jig-pcur  sld- 
tsod  the  facility  of  destroying,  pan-^ddgs 
ii'fsod  the  greatness  of  the  advantage  Thgy, 
'^zrsr  ^<^drma  1.  vegetables,  greens,  ^6d- 
'  Tna  rgod'dcyis  Cs.:  wild -growing 
greens,  frequently  gathered  by  the  Tibetans 
in  spring-time,  such  as  dandelion,  nettles, 
Eremurus  etc. ;  fsod-ma  yyun-skyis  Ca,  cul- 
tivated  vegetables.  —  2.  boiled  greens,  ve- 
getable-soup Mil.  and  vulgo.  —  sno-fsod  = 
fsddHna\  nyun-fadd  a  dish  of  roots,  turnips 
etc.  Cs.;  Ickim-fadd  a  variety  of  roots  €$,(?) 

—  lo-fsdd  all  sorts  of  cabbage;  ha-tadd  Cs.y 
^roeat\(?)or  more  probably:  prepared  mush- 
rooms. —  Uod^-sdSr  plate,  dish  Sch. 

^gx*  fion^  I.  (cf.  fao-ba  and  fsos)  colour,  1. 
^^  colouring  matter,  paint,  =  fs&nrrtsi^  or 
rtsi-fy6n\  tadn-rtsi  dkdr-pos  Jbri-ba  to  mark 
with  white  paint;  Jby^tg-pa  to  paint;  €son 
Unrpa  to  take,  imbibe  colour  Ca,;  tson  abydr- 
ba  to  mix,  to  prepare  colours  Cs.;  fadn-gyis 
bUo-ba  to  colour,  tO  dye;  tson-'ShUd  dyed 
thread  Do.\  Uon-apil  a  coloured  strip  W. 

—  2.  colour  =  mdog  W.  —  II.  v.  mfaon. 
^gj?'  Uon^  1.  fat,  plump,  well-fed  IT.,  C. 
^      2.  resinous. 

j^j^Sr-  taonHino-afen  a  metal  (not  known) 

^^  f8ob  for  tsab  Sch. 


^^q-  fs&mrpa  I.  also  fsdm-po  Cs.  bundle, 
bunch,  fsdm-bu  id.,  m^-tog-gi  fsdmr 
bu  buDch  of  flowers  Pth. ;  rhd-ma  ndg-poi 
fsdm^pa  btdgS'pa  Mil.^  a  kind  of  collar, 
made  of  black  yak's  tail;  prontsdm  a  border 
or  trimming  set  with  jewels  or  pearls.  Ace. 
to  our  authorities,  however,  the  word  pro- 
perly signifies  a  mixture  or  variety  of  co- 
lours, something  variegated,  gay-coloured,  e.g. 
*dw  ruin-^u  fsom  mdn^po*  there  is  much 
colouring  in  this,  it  is  manycoloured,  *feom- 
fsdm^  id.  —  n.  vb.  to  doubt,  hesitate;  to  be 
timid,  bashful,  shy;  to  be  ashamed  C;  sbst 
doubt,  timidity  etc.;  fsom-fsdniy  fsam-fy&my 
fe-fsdm  id. 
^^^-  faoma  C,  W.  1,  =  Kyams,  also  fsofns^  =  -^o^jc 

ikdr  court-yard,  Uan-pai  fsoms  Lex. 
—  2.  set,  division,  part,  chapter  Sch.^  so  perh. 
in  the  title  of  a  book,  ISid-du  br^dd-pai  fsoms 
2%^«;  *%^-2a  yu  dan  zii  fsdm-dan^  W.  a 
neck-lace  or  string  of  pearls  in  sets,  divided 
by  turkois-drops  and  jrzi, 

3^5^'f  3^^  ^^^''^'^^'"^  noise,  din,  clatter 

Sch. 
^•q-  faor-ba  1.  to  perceive,  sbst.  percep- 
tion; as  one  of  the  five  skandhas  = 
^^r^iy^  a  sensation,  a  feeling;  to  perceive, 
yidn  gyis  ma  tsch'-bar  without  any  one  per- 
ceiving it  D^Z. ;  also  Yfiihoat  yidn-gyis:  ma 
fsdr-bar  rku-ba  to  steal  unobserved,  the 
contrary  to  robbing  forcibly  Thgy.;  *him- 
po  faor*  he  found  it  well-tasted;  sbrum-pa 
tsdr-nas  feeling  herself  to  be  with  child  Pth.; 
*ydn-'mo  fsor  son*  W.  it  felt  light  to  the 
touch.  —  2.  to  hear,  for  fda-pa^  common  in 

d^s'Sf  fsSr-lo  a  (flying)  report,  fuvnour. 

35^^  fsdl'ba  V.  /sdl'ba. 

'^v  ^08 1.  paint,  dye,  colouring  matter;  ^os 
'>*gy<^g'p^i  rgydb-pa  to  dye,  to  colour 
Sch. ;  tsos  gyur  (or  log)  son  it  has  lost  co- 
lour, it  is  faded;  fsdsl^kyi)  Kti^-ba)  liquid 
paint,  =  fson-rtsi  Glr.;  fsda-mUan  dyer, 
fsos-lu  Sch. :  a  cosmetic,  wash(?);  rgyd-fsos 
a  red  pigment  from  India,  perh.  kermes 
Med.  —  2.  a  medicament  Med.  —  3.  v. 
tsos^  ^poh'fsos.   . 


454 


5?(^a,'^  m&d-lu 


^ 


^^(ym  ^^«-^^  1-  also  rtd-mkcL-lu  Lex.^ 
Sch.:  a  horse  with  white  feet.  — 


2.  V.  fsa-lu. 

»^g6TOT  'fnfsaffs  Sch.  =  fsoffs  4,  fsags-bzah 
'       by^drpa. 

^<3fc'  m^saw  V.  Jaan-ba. 

Sl^^  ^^an  I.  resp.  for  ^ntn,  name,  esp.  the 
'  new  name  which  every  one  receives 
that  takes  orders;  mtsan /sdl-ba  1.  to  give 
a  name  Glr,  2.  to  take,  to  assume,  a  name 
Glr.^  title  W.  —  2.  mark,  8ign,  v.  mfyan^ma. 
—  3.  night,  mfydn-mo. 

<^  "^  and  If  as),  mark,  token,  badge, 
symptom,  ddn-med-pai  m^dn-ma  yin  it  is 
a  sign  that  it  would  be  fruitless  Wdn.; 
mUdnrma  ji^bs-pa  to  make  a  mark,  to  mark 
(e.g.  with  paint)  Glrry  btsun-mo-la  ma  o)^gs- 
Ug  byds-pai  mfsdn-ma  bytn-nas  making  a 
sign  to  the  queen,  signifying:  do  not  fear! 
(that  she  had  nothing  to  fear) ;  mtisdn-'mas 
mtsdn-pa  to  represent  a  thing  by  a  sign 
or  mark  Lea.;  rgyal-poi  mtsdn-ma  (or  rtags) 
Ind'po  (ace.  to  Indian  notions)  the  five  royal 
insignia,  turban,  parasol,  sword,  fly -flap 
and  coloured  sandals;  shape  and  peculiar 
characteristics  of  separate  parts  of  the  body, 
IttS'-kyi  mtsan  Dzl.  9^1^  5,  esp.  as  marks 
of  beauty,  ikyh-bu  iS^n-poi  mfsan  sum-tu^ 
rtsa-ynyis  cf.  skyh^bu;  mfsan  dan  dbyibs 
as  to  limbs  and  stature  Dzl. ;  mfsan^-Tna) 
bzdn^-po)  and  ndn^-pa)  good  and  evil  signs, 
tokens,  symptoms,  prognostics,  frq. ;  bkra- 
MS'pai  dge-mUan  propitious  signs  (?&•., 
emphat,  good,  favourable  sign,  some  special 
(good)  quality,  mUan  dan  Idan-pa  possess- 
ing such  quality,  superior,  excellent,  frq.; 
mfsdn-ma  rtdg-pa  to  prove,  to  examine, 
signs;  mfsdn^mar  sg&m-pa  to  take  as  an 
omen  <ScA.,  mfsdvr^mar  ma  bzun  do  not  re- 
gard it  as  an  (evil)  omen,  be  not  surprised 
or  alarmed  Sch.  —  mf8an(dan)  bdds^-pa), 
and  mfsan-mid  having  characteristics  and 
having  none,  (v.  also  Was.  297),  terms  vnth 
which  Buddhist  speculation  loves  to  play, 
cf.  K&pp,  I,  597.  —  2.  genitals  Med.,  Ptk., 
gen.  preceded  by  ^  or  wu>;  mfsan-dbye 


prob.  the  genitak  open  themselves  Ifed.; 
hence  in  Lhasa  the  word  tsan^zug  (q.v.) 
might  be  misunderstood  for  painful  affection 
of  the  genitals.  —  3.  Hn-tu  misan  ^-bar 
gyur-te  is  at  one  time  applied  to  Buddha^ 
at  another  to  men,  thus  leaving  the  true 
meaning  doubtful. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  mfsdn-mHan  sooth- 
sayer, astrologer,  frq.  —  mtsan-grdn  and 
dgu-mfsan  prize,  crown  of  victory  C.  — 
mtsan  -  brjdd  calling  upon  the  name  of  a 
deity,  enumerating  its  characteristics  and  at- 
tributes Cs.;  mtsan^Un  something  similar(?). 
—  mfyofi-nyid  prop. :  Hhe  sign',  the  essential 
characteristic,  sometimes  even  implying  the 
true,  innermost  essence  of  a  thing,  whilst, 
on  the  other  hand,  it  is  also  used  merely 
for  ^mark'  in  general;  Zds-kyi  mtsan-nyid 
stdn-pa,  Ic6n-du  iud-pa  prob.  to  show  the 
true  essence  of  doctrine,  to  receive  it  into 
one's  own  mind  DzL\  mfyan-^yid-pa  Mil 
n.  of  a  philosophical  school  of  the  present 
day,  stated  to  be  the  same  as  bye^dg-pa; 
it  is  much  in  favour  with  the  Gelugpa-sect, 
and  the  principal  object  of  their  studies  is, 
to  ascertain  the  literal  sense  and  original 
spirit  of  their  doctrine;  they  love  disputa- 
tions on  these  subjects,  and  may  be  con- 
sidered the  representatives  of  speculative 
science  among  the  Tibetan  clergy.  —  Jtus- 
bydS'kyi  mfsan-^nyid  mi-rtdg-pa  ym  the 
essential  property  of  all  that  is  compounded 
is  liability  to  decay  Glr.;  property,  quality 
Daman;  symptom,  indication,  ndd-pa  sds- 
paim^an-nyidaa  indication  that  the  patient 
will  recover  S.g. ;  m£san-nyid  ysum  the  three 
marks  or  characteristics  in  the  doctrine  of 
'perception'  of  the  Mahayanists,  kun^tdg$y 
yidn-dbdn,  yons-grub  Was.  291 ;  m^an-w/id 
bhddrpa  Schr. :  definition;  so  it  seems  to  be 
used  in  Thgy.  —  mtsan^fdgs  —  mfsdn-ma 
Wdk.  —  mtsd/nr^  marked,  Jidr-los  being 
marked  with  the  figure  of  a  wheel  Gbr.  — 
mfsdn-dpe  for  mfsan  dan  dpe-byad  Gbr.  — 
mfsan-yii  Lex.^  Sch.:  'the  cause  of  a  sign 
or  symptom,  an  object'  (?). 
gs^^  ^ntsdn-mo  TT.,  ^tsan^,  night  *fta« 
'       ?a  dtfgf*,  W.  night  sets  in;  adv.  at 


^<3w^  mtsama 


d. 


^^W?r  mfyams 


455 


nigbt,  by  night,  in  the  night  time  Dzl,  W.: 
*f$an4a^;  dei  mfsdn-mo  DzL  in  that  night; 
fsangduy  f$an  fog-fag^  W.  also  ^tzartr-Ue-rC^^ 
the  whole  night;  also  adv.,  all  night;  mUan- 
dkyil^  mhan-gim^  mUan-pyid  midnight; 
mtsan^stdd^  mtsan-middihe  first,  the  second 
half  of  the  night;  mtsan-^tddrkyi  rmi-lam 
a  dream  before  midnight  Med.  —  mtsan- 
du8  night  time.  —  mfsan-byi  {W,  ^fsan-M') 
bat  —  fsan-Un  W.  1.  chip  of  pine-wood, 
2.  pine-wood.  3.  pine-tree.  —  mfsan-sd  byid- 
pa  to  keep  watch  daring  the  night  Sck. 
^^^^  m&a97}8  1.  intermediate  opace,  in- 
terstice, border,  boundary-line,  rpj^a- 
gdr  dan  bdl-poi  mfydms-nay  rgya-bdl-gyi 
mfsdms-su  on  the  border  between  India  and 
Nepal  Glr. ;  mfydms-kyi  nags-Hrdd  boun- 
dary-forest Glr.;  sa-mtsdms  (vnlgo  san- 
Udufk)  frontier  of  the  country  Glr.i  d^-nas 
^doms  Ina-brgydi  mfsdma-nas  at  a  distance 
of  500  fathoms  from  that  place;  bar-mfsamS" 
na  yod  it  lies  in  the  middle  between ;  ri  tan 
mfsdms'su  where  the  mountains  are  conti- 
guous to  the  plain;  by  an  har  mfsdms-au  in 
the  north-east  (cf.  no.  2  below);  2w  ^am 
mfsdms  -  m  (between  the  water  and  the 
river's  bank)  close  to  the  edge  Wdn,;  dei 
misdms^su  (with  regard  to  a  royal  dynasty) 
intervening,  a  usurper,  interrupting  the  regu- 
lar succession  Glr. ;  b^-pai  taig  mMrm-nas 
when  these  words  were  uttered,  at  these 
words  Tar.  127, 11 ;  sgo^i^-mtadms  a  narrow 
opening  of  the  door,  sgo-mtsdms-nas  sleb 
(he  or  it)  enters  through  the  cleft  of  a  door, 
equivalent  to  our  ^through  the  key-hole'; 
*fedf»-Za  dug-'de^  W.  to  preserve,  to  put 
(plants)  between  (paper),  to  pack  up  (glass 
in  straw).  —  mfsams  sbyor-ba  i.  to  close 
intersticeo,  to  stitch  up,  to  sew  together  (the 
separate  parts  of  a  shoe)  Mil.  2.  Sck.:  to 
occupy  a  certain  space,  to  enter  a  womb', 
to  embody  one's  self  in  human  flesh,  so  it 
seems  to  be  used  in  Thgr.  and  MU.  3.  to 
talce  a  resolution,  to  form  a  plan,  to  conceive 
an  idea,  to  settle  in  one's  mind,  like  ^od- 
pa^  cf.  sby&r-ba  I,  2;  II,  2  C,  W.  —  mt%arm 
Jyi'ba  to  8plit(?),«ira  smin  ysdr-dumtsams' 
bye  rtsub  Jiyil  S,g.  the  hair  of  the  head  and 


the  eye-brows  splits,  divides  again,  is  grow- 
ing thin,  crisp,  and  interspersed  with  bald 
places,  which  is  alledged  to  be  a  symptom 
of  approaching  death,  yet  hardly  founded 
on  correct  observation,  nor  by  any  means 
clearly  defined;  Sckr.  has:  skra  mfsams 
Jby^d-pa  to  part  the  hair  on  the  top  of  the 
head.  —  mfaams-med-pa  1.  adj.,  Ssk.  dnan- 
taiya^  without  interstices,  continuous,  =  go- 
mt«am8'7ned'pa  v.  go  1,  Dzl.  2.  sbst.,  Sak. 
anantarya^  Was.  (240),  'where  nothing  is  to 
be  interposed  between  a  deed  and  its  con- 
sequeuces,  where  the  consequences  are  not 
to  be  averted',  a  deadly,  capital  sin  Dzl.  and 
elsewh.;  mftsdma-med-pa  Ina,  i  e.  inexpiable 
sins,  are:  parricide  and  matricide,  murder 
of  an  Arhat  (dgrd^-bbomrpa),  or  of  a  Tatha- 
gata,  likewise  causing  divisions  among  the 
priesthood.  —  dus-mfsdma  intermediate  time 
Cs. — mtmms^bydr  the  Sanskrit  diphthongs 
6,  6,  ai,  au;  mffiams-sbydr-pa  and  -ma,  a 
bawd,  Cs.  —  inf'iam8Q'kyi)'Zu(-ba')y  also 
JsaTnS'hUy  an  expression  gen.  occurring  in 
modem  Tibetan  letters,  winding  up  the 
complimentary  phrases  of  the  introduction, 
and  passing  over  to  the  proper  business  of 
the  letter;  for  the  immediate  sense  of  the 
phrase  I  found  no  explanation.  —  2.  the 
points  of  the  compass,  mfsams  bzi  the  four 
cardinal  points  of  the  horizon;  mfsams  brgyad 
includes  the  intermediate  points,  south-east 
etc.,  mfitams  drug  denotes  the  four  cardinal 
points  together  with  the  zenith  and  nadir. 
—  3.  demarcation,  partition,  break,  pause, 
stop,  mtsams  ybod-pa  to  make  a  stop  or 
pause  with  the  voice  in  reading  Gram. ;  esp. 
to  draw  a  line  of  demarcation  about  one's 
own  person,  whether  it  be  by  a  magic  circle 
(J)om,\  or  by  retiring  to  a  solitary  house, 
either  for  the  sake  of  private  study  (JZam.\ 
or  which  is  most  frq.  the  case,  for  religious 
meditation,  {^fsdm-la  ddd-be^  W.)  in  the  cell 
of  a  cloister,  or  in  a  hermitage  or  cave  in 
the  mountains,  the  seclusion  lasting  some- 
times for  several  months,  during  which  time 
the  scanty  food  is  silently  received  from 
without  through  a  small  aperture.  Such 
seclusions  are  undergone  by  some  in  the 


456 


^^^^  m&dr-ba 


^ 


^^ 


mUo 


sincere  belief,  that  they  will  .acqaire  there- 
by higher  gifts  and  abilities,  by  others 
merely  to  increase  their  odour  of  sanctity. 
mUavm  sddm-pa  Mil.  has  a  similar  signi- 
fication. --  apyad-mfsdms  rules,  instructions, 
defining  the  extent  and  limits  of  a  person's 
duties.  —  4.  symb.  num. :  6,  v.  misams  drug 
above. ' 

^^q'  '"^^or-ba  1.  fair,  fine,  beautiful,  = 
mds^'pa  Zam.y  Glr.  frq.,  mtsar 
sdug  dan  Iddn-pa  id  ,  e.g.  6fi-7wo  Glr.;  also 
of  flowers;  bright,  shining,  of  metals  Stg,] 
^nydmr-har-way  Id-tsar-wa^  admirably  fair, 
wonderfully  fine.  —  2.  wondrous,  woniderful, 
marvelous,  gen.  with  nOy  nd-mfsar-dan  Hg  a 
wonderful^  distinguished,  eminent  man  ilftZ.; 
rfen  no-w^fsar-ban  a  wonderful  image  (of 
some  deity)  Glr.y  in  both  instances  equi- 
valent to  wonder-working,  miraculous;  no- 
mfyar-mcdd-pa  a  marvelous,  extremely  rich 
offering  MU,;  more  frq.  n(Mnfyar'(S4''ba  e.g. 
marvelous  things^  events,  miracles  1>2:2.;  mi 
srid  no-mfyar-iie  impossihlel  most  wonder- 
ful! Glr.;  no-mfyar-ij^bamayin  that  is  not 
so  very  wonderful  Dzl;  strange,  ridiculous, 
ytam  Hn-tu  no-mhar-'li  Glr,  —  3.  rKMntsdr 
wonder,  surprise,  astonishment,  no-mf$drsky^ 
ba^  no-mfsdr-du  ^gywr-ba  or  Jbdn-pa,  no- 
mfsar-rmddrdu  ^gyivr-ha  to  wonder,  to  be 
surprised.  —  4.  no-mtar-M  an  expression 
of  thanks^  =  bka-drin-ce^  di-ltar  yin-na 
Kyed  ymfis'ka  n(Mn€sar-^i  if  that  is  so,  then 
both  of  you  receive  my  best  thanks!  MU.\ 
ydns-pa  no-mtsar-^  thanks  to  you  for  your 
coming!  MiL 

jl^T^QT*  mfsalCs,  also  fsal  vermilion,  used 
(among  the  rest)  inst.  of  red  ink  for 
writing;  misal^dr  a  printing  with  red  ink 
Cs.\  mf8al'lddff8'pa(?)  ScL:  ^clear  vermil- 
ion'(?);  sku-^mfydl  resf.  for  Mrcy  blood  Cs. 
fs^riM'n'  "tn^um-pa  (W,  *<Swgr«*)  similar, 
^^  like,  equal,  Xa-dog  as  to  colour 

/S.O.,  sna-ma  dan  like  the  former,  bdud- 
rixvr  like  nectar  8.g, ;  bdud  dan  mtsuns  you 
are  to  me  like  a  satan,  you  are  a  satan 
to  me  Pth, ;  thai  sdug-isndl  dan  (Sa-mtsunt" 
pai  atSn-du  besides  their  sharing  all  the 
imperfections  of  the  gods  Thgy,;  dus^m^nS" 


pa  acontemporary  MU. ;  m^nM-mM,  m^sum- 
brdl,  withoutan  equal,matchless,incomparablo; 

sems  dan  mtmns  Iddnrpa  explained  by  Was* 
(241)  as:  manifestations  of  mind,  those  oat- 
ward  signs  by  which  the  mind  manifests 
itself  as  existing. 

gjd^  fn^sun  (Zam.  ^  SsL  ipt^^  raw  flesh) 
^  l.(^.:  meat  for  the  manes  of  the  dead, 
ytdn-ia  to  bring  an  offering  to  the  dead, 
dcydrba  to  send  one;  mfmin-ytdr  exi^ined 
in  Wdn.  by  H^bai  ddn-du  ytdr-ma  ftdh- 
Ja;  mfsun-ytdr  itir-ba  Wdn.  —  2.  Sch.: 
tutelar  deities,  household-gods,  or  rather  the 
souls  of  ancestors;  so  Dd.  7p^  16  (another 
reading  is  bfrnjC);  also  in  m^n-^^or,  if  mltmn 
be  taken  as  a  dat,  it  may  have  this  signi- 
fication; meA-^mMn  household-gods  of  the 
Shamans  &ch. 

^§^  mftwr  V.  ^nir-Tno. 

^^ip^zx  "ntMil-pa  the  lower  part  of  the  face, 
^^  nose  and  mouth,  the  muzzle  of 
animals  Mil.;  bill,  beakiS(?A.;  TF.  ^ndm-tsut 
nose;  mUsul^a  ^ag  the  effect  of  the  gall 
entering  the  nose(?)  J/w^.;  Ha-mfyul^W. 
^^am-fyut^)  face,  seldom  in  B. 

^^'^'  mfye-aiydn  WdnJ 

W^'WST  ^^•^'^^  ^«  ^f  ^  medicinal  herb 

^  S.g. 
SI^'^T  w<^-wa  (W.  ^fyag-f&g*)  twins,  bu 
mise-ma  ynyis  dus  j-Hg^na  JSruns- 
80  Pth.  two  twin -sons  were  bom  simulta- 
neously; mfsi'-Tna  y8timrpo  three-twin-child, 
trigemini  Wdn. 
^^\  ^^^,j8(?A.  :  dur-mfsSdy  place  for  bom- 

'  ing  the  dead. 
ga^Qj  "fn^seu  a  small  lake,  mtao  dan  mUeu 

^   lakes  and  lakelets  PlCft.  -     :    '^  ^ - 

^OT^'^  mt8€r4)a  =  Jker-ba. 

9iS^  w/^0  1.  lake,  frq.  —  2.  for  rgyormUo 
sea,  rarely.  —  3.  symb.  num. :  4.  — 
Comp.  mtiO'-dkyily  mfso-dbiis  the  middle  of 
a  lake.  —  mfso-JUr  an  assemblage  of  many 
lakes  Cs.  —  mUo-^Uydms  v.  Jiyorm^  —  mtsO" 
^grdrnj  m^o-mfd  border  of  a  lake.  — mfto- 
8n6n  Glr.y  ^sdg-po  fyo^i}n*  C.  the  blue  lake, 
Eokonor,  in  Mongolia.  —  mtKhH  vrater, 


^^S^^'  mfsoff-^a 


^ 


Qk<3fc'^'  Jsdn-ba 


457 


Ti^so-rldm  vapours,  mfscMrldbs  waves  of  a 
lake.  —  *fso'ldg*  C,  inlet,  creek,  cave.  — 
*fO'lag'dil*  C.  rtpait,  channel. 

?l3&n'^'  mfsdff'pa  V.  Jsog-fa. 

jjl^w  mfsdg-ma  Lt^eX^o  mfsog-ysen  Cs.y 

'        'spot  or  tender  part  of  the  head', 
vacancy  in  the  infant  cranium,  =  fsdm-pai 
bu-ffa. 
jjjfinxr  mtsoga  adv.,  *f8dg8'Se^  adj.,  W,  for 

'  mtsuns  or  ^dra^  similar,  like,  equal; 
^ah-re-zi  fsogs  rgydl-la  mi  dug*  they  are 
not  so  good  as  the  English;  *Uo  dan  nd-la 
dug-ndl  i^dg^eyod*  with  him  and  with  me 
there  is  the  like  disaster,  misfortune  visits 
us  equally. 
^V^  mtsoTiy  1.  2X^0  mfsdn-^a^  any  pointed 

'  or  cutting  instrument,  mtsdn-^as  ytub- 
pa  to  cut  to  pieces  with  such  an  instru- 
ment DzL\  weapon,  arms;  vifson  fogs-pa  to 
seize  a  sword,  to  take  up  arms  DzL;  mfsdn^ 
gyis  Jjig-po,  to  destroy,  to  conquer,  with 
the  sword  Ma, ;  mfsdn-^a  rndm-pa  bzi  Stg. : 
sword,  spear,  dart,  arrow;  go-mfsdn  armory 
and  arms;  ru-mts&n  v.  ru\  mfsovr-Urdg  blood 
drawn  by  cuts  or  stabs  (used  for  sorceries) 
Lt.  —  mfson-gyi  dru-bu  an  attribute  of  the 
gods,  resembling  a  coil  or  ball  of  thread  Wdn,; 
mfsan-skud  sgriUma  Thgr.  id.  (?).  —  2.  also 
fson  fore-finger,  mtsdn-rtsa  the  pulse  to  be 
felt  with  the  fore-finger ;  mfson  gan  a  finger's 
breadth;  mfson  gan  mar  a  finger's  breadth 
loweril/i?rf.;wf5dn-paafour-fingers'pinch(?); 
sin  mfs&nrfa  iig  a  handful  of  sticks  Mil. 
^j^;y  mfson-pa  1.  v.  mfson,  —  2.  vb.  to 

'  setforth,  bringforward,adduce,  state, 
quote,  exhibit,  examples  of  grammatical  forms 
etc.  Gram,;  ^dis  mfsdn-nas  illustrating  it 
by  this,  setting  this  up  as  an  example  Gram, ; 
de8  hyan  sgyii-mai  dpe  big  mfson  also  in 
this  may  be  seen  an  instance  of  deception 
Mil,\  dpes  mfson-pa  to  illustrate  by  par- 
ables Mil.\  mfsdn^mas  by  a  sign  Gram,; 
so  prob.  also:  amr^an  ynyis  dei  mfsdn-pai 
dmag-mi  the  soldiers  brought  forward  by 
the  two  Chinese  officials;  it  is  also  alledged 
to  stand  for  to  make,  to  prepare  C\  —  mdm" 
mka  mfs&n-pai  mdl-Jbyor-pa  prob.:  the 


saint  that  represents  the  heavens,  that  re- 
sembles the  heavenly  space  Mil, 

0^&P\^  Jsa-lu  V.  mfsa-lu. 

Q^ggqrq'  o^^^-V^  1-  vb.,  pf.  fsogs  y  btsags, 
'  fut.  btsagy  imp.  ^og  (trans,  to  ^dzag- 
pa),  to  cause  to  trickle,  to  strain,  filter,  sift, 
squeeze,  press  out,  Jbru-^wr  ^o^-pa  (partic) 
oil-miller  DzL;  to  draw  off,  dmu-cu  to  tap 
(a  dropsical  person)  S.g.  Cf.  fsdg-ma^  tsags, 
—  2.  adj.  thick,  fat,  obese  Lea. 
n^[^*  g;|^[^-o^^^>^^«^ fault, error, offence, 
'  sin,  de  J^sdn-du  le  that  is  very 

wicked,  a  great  offence ;  mii  or  mi-la  Jkan 
bru-ba  or  drii-ba .  1  .to  spy  out  another's  faults, 
to  upbraid  him  with  them,  to  accuse  him 
Do.y  C.y  W.;  ^fsan,  ^og  dhU-wa*  C.  id.  — 
2.  to  irritate,  provoke,  make  angry  C. 
Q -r--— •  jsdA-ba,  vb.  I.  pf .  fsahs,  fut.  btsanQ) 
'^  1.  to  press  into,  to  stuff  Sch.,  jfsdn- 

Ka  by^d-pa  id.  Sch. ;  ndn-du  Jsdns-pa  Lexx. 
prob.  pressed  into,  stuffed  inside,  soScA.: 
Kri  nan  fsdns-han  a  stuffed  seat ;  dbugs  Jiar 
Jfsdns-pa  out  of  breath,  panting  (in  the 
heat  of  pursuit)  MU.;  dbugs  stod-du  Jsans- 
nas  skad  mi  f on  Mil.  I  am  pressed  for  breath, 
my  breath  stops,  I  cannot  utter  a  word 
*(for ardent  longing);  stod-JfsdnSy  rlun-Jsdns, 
Jsdns-la  pan,  all  these  expressions  imply  a 
want  of  breath,  not  sufficiently  to  be  re- 
conciled to  the  original  meaning  of  the 
word.  —  2.  *sti'la  fsdns-se  ydn-be*  Ld.  to 
attack  a  person  with  open  violence,  opp. 
to  a  stealthy  attack.  —  II.  pf.  sans,  which 
verb,  however,  occurs  only  in  jfsan-rgyd- 
bar  ^gyur-ba  to  become  Buddha  DzL  frq., 
Jsan  rgyd-bar  ^ddd-pa  to  aim  at  Buddha- 
ship,  and  sans-rgyds  (having  become)  Bud- 
dha. Besides  this  form,  there  exists  also 
a  verb  sdn-ba,  pf.  (b)sans,  to  clean,  as  may 
easily  be  proved  by  examples.  The  whole 
will  perh.  become  clear,  if  we  presume, 
that  the  form  Jtsan-ba  for  the  present  tense 
is  now  obsolete,  occurring  only  in  reference 
to  Buddha,  as  quoted  above,  and  that  the 
root  san  is  now  used  as  present  tense  in 
the  following  significations:  1.  to  remove 
(impurities) —  like  ^dag-pa — tomake  clean, 

29* 


458 


Q^<3fc'^"  /san-ra 


A<3^^*  ^^dl-ba 


*dan  sdii'te  vied*  W.  (the  soot)  haymg 
yesterday  been  removed,  there  is  none  just 
now ;  *san  dug,  sah  cos*  W,  it  is  cleansed, 
swept  clean,  *Jfaff  san,  nye-pa  saii*  the 
contamination,  the  sin,  has  been  removed, 
done  away  with  C. ;  snyun  sans  the  disease 
is  removed  Pth.;  skyo-sdns  byed-^a  to  re- 
move melancholy,  to  recreate  or  amuse  one^s 
self;  to  comfort  others;  skyo-sdits-la  ^grd- 
ba^  skych-sdns  byed-pa  to  take  a  walk,  to 
take  a  ride  Pth,^  C;  mya^iidn  sdn-ba  to 
comtort  Ptii,,  to  console  one's  self;  esp.  2.  to 
recover,  to  come  again  to  one's  senses,  ra- 
ro-ba-las  from  intoxication  DzL ;  yzimrpa- 
las  from  a  deep  sleep  DzL ;  also  construed 
as  before :  bzi  Glr.j  *ra*  W.  from  a  drunken 
fit,  and  this  agrees  with  a  sufficiently  authen- 
ticated signification  of  the  Ssk.  root  budJi, 
so  that  sans-rgyds  would  after  all  be  the 
literal  translation  of  ot  (contrarytojBwrw.I, 
71  med.),  taking  me  signification  of  the 
name,  accord,  to  Tibetan  notions,  to  be: 
'the  man  that  has  entirely  recovered  from 
error  and  come  to  the  knowledge  of  ab- 
solute truth\  That  sans-rgyds  be  the  same 
as  perfect,  holy,  seems  to  be  a  mere  ety- 
mological conjecture  of  Cs.  —  3.  to  toke 
away,  to  take  off,  *Ueb  sdn-wa*  C.  to  un-' 
cover.  —  4.  to  be  spoiled,  to  become  unfit, 
USBless,*wd-masanson*C,  the  milk  is  spoiled, 
zom  sah  ^dug  =  san  ^dug  the  casks  are 
leaky,  are  running  out. 
o^r^x:  o^^cLn-ra  Sch. :  the  neck  of  the  thigh- 
bone ;  fsdn-^ai  fsil  the  fat  attached 
to  it  C. 

(l^jn'^r  o^^^^'P^y  pf'  ^««^Sj  bsabs^  fut.  bsab^ 
imp.  fsobyio  pay  back,  repay,  refund, 
skytn-pa  €k  loan  Lex.\  cf.  fsab, 
q^^qJ^  o^b'Jmb  hurry,  confusion,  per- 
^^  plexity,  fear  8ch,\  also:  Jsab- 
Jsdb-mar  ynds-pa  to  tarry  in  fear,  to  he- 
sitate in  apprehensions  Tar, 
(l^ff^Zr  o^^dbs-pay  pf.  fsabSy  imp.  fsobs 
Sch. :  resp.  to  be  afraid;  Lea;,  bio- 
Jsdbs  id.(?). 

fit,  suitoble,  in  accordance  to^ 
in  conformity  with,  de  dan  Jsdm-par  S.g.\ 


sO'Soi  Jbyoi'-pa  doA  Jsdm-^ar  Tar.  according 
to  their  ability,  in  proportion  to  their  pro- 
perty.  —  2^frq.   and   mostly  erron.  for^ 
vifsdms^a.   ^•'^Va^»'^    ^.^,o.a-a^ 

n^xrsr  o^^dr-ba,  pf.  fsar  1.  to  be  finished, 
completed,  terminated,  shdn-la  Mr- 
ro  Glr.  it  was  the  first  that  was  finished; 
to  be  at  an  end,  consumed,  spent,  *nor  Mr- 
te  son*  W.  the  money  is  all  spent;  esp.  as 
an  auxiliary,  to  denote  an  action  that  is 
perfectly  past  or  completed  (where  in  the 
earlier  literature  zin  stands),  in  later  books 
with  the  termin.  inf.,  ydns  -  su  rdzdgs  -par 
fsdr  -  te  when  . . .  was  completely  finished 
Glr. ;  vulgo  the  mere  root  is  used,  esp.  in  W.y 
*fsog  tsar-ra  ma  fsar*  are  they  assembled,  has 
the  meeting  begun  already?  *  lam -la  hig 
fsar^  son  fsar,  kal  fsar*  he  is  on  the  way, 
he  is  gone,  it  is  dispatched;  fsdr-babyedrpa, 
fsdr-du  ojug-pa  Cs.,  *fsar  bug^-he*  W.  to 
bring  to  a  close,  to  finish,  to  terminate.  — 
fsdr -y cod-pa  i.to  destroy,  annihilate,  e.g. 
diabolic  influences,  infernal  powers  Pth.', 
to  defeat,  overcome,  in  disputation  MU.-,  to 
excel,  surpass,  sgyvr^rtsdl^^  Glr.;  to  punish 
Tar.  2.  for  ysdr-ybod-pa  Pth.  —  2.  to  §row, 
grow  up,  thrive,  of  little  children  W.;  J^ar- 
skyid  growth  MU. 
n£ov  Jsal,  sgro^ai'Jsal'gyi  Ma-brgyan 

MiU 
q^OJ'n'  Jsdl-ba,  imp.  Jsol  eleg.  1.  to  want, 
wish,  desire,  ask;  when  followed  by 
a  verb,  the  latter  stands  in  the  termin.  inf., 
or  the  mere  root  of  it,  and  more  esp.  that 
of  the  perf.  form,  yab  dan  mjal  jfsdl-b  I 
have  a  mind  to  go  to  see  my  father  Dzl; 
bltds-^ar  JsdUte  wishing  to  see  Dzl. ;  tiigs- 
la  bhag  Jsal  I  wish  it  may  be  borne  in 
mind  Glr.\  ysun  Jsal  I  beg  you  to  speak 
Mil.,  bzun  ^fsal  please  take  Pth.;  pleon. 
Jirid'parhi  Jsal  Glr. ;  esp.  as  an  intimation 
of  willingness,  di-ltar  Jsdl-lo  yes,  we  will 
do  thatM/.,  or  like  our:  very  well!  Further: 
pd'la  nor  ma  Jsdl-tam  has  he  not  asked 
the  money  from  his  father?  DzL',  gum  yon 
ci  Jsdl  why  does  (the  king)  want  to  kill 
me?  DzL;  dei  don  mi  ^fsal  the  profit  of  it 
I  do  not  desire  Glr.  —  2.  to  eat,  btsan-dug 


^^  v: 


m  / 


-7       0 


Q^S^Sr  Jsdl'Tna 


^ 


q^^CT  ^fshn-pa 


459 


poison  DzL;  byi-bas  ^fsdl-te  eaten  by  mice 
Dzl. ;  ydan  mi  Jsdl-har  eleg.  for  ydon  mi 
zd'bar  without  doubt  DzL  —  3.  to  know 
ft.;  so  nO'J^dUha  appears  to  be  used  for 
no-^«8-pa,  and  in  a  passage  ofS.O.  it  seems 
to  imply  to  understand.  —  4.  in  certain 
phrases :  J)ad  Jsdl-ba  to  use  diligence  Thgy. ; 
bro  Jsdl'ba  1.  to  swear  iYA.(?),  2.  to  have 
a  cold  Mil. ;  yyag  Jsdl-ba  to  greet,  salute, 
Y.pyag. 

Qy<3b^*^  Jsdl-ma  Cs.  =  fsdl-ma. 

Q^wn'  o^^'P^j  pf-  ^«*S^»  to  bum,  to  destroy 
'  by  fire,  gron-Uyer  mi  dan  bdas-pa 
(he  burned)  the  town  with  its  inhabitants 
Pth.]  mes^  mevy  vulgo  *mi-la*  with  fire; 
imam-par  entirely,  completely  DzL;  more 
loosely :  fsig  sou  he  burnt  himself,  scalded 
himself  etc.;  also  of  food,  burnt,  injured  by 
the  heat;  Jsig-gam  am  I  burning?  (thinks 
one  suffering  offerer) -A/i?(i.;  of  inflammation, 
V.  mig-Jsig"^  of  any  violent  pain  Dom. ;  to 
be  glowing,  of  the  evening- sky  W,\  *fsig 
oP^  o^t/gf*C.  to  be  in  the  rut,  the  copulating 
of  larger  animals. 

(&'  and  a^C^-q-  o^^^^  and  Jsins-pa 

^^  ^  Mng.f 

oj&'n*  o^^'^"^^>  pf-  ^^*^9  btsir^  fut.  /feir, 
tfeiV,  imp.fstV  W.*6few'-^^*  to  press, 
mig  with  the  finger  on  the  eye  Med, ;  ndn- 
gyis  to  press  hard/Sf^.;  to  press  out,  an 
ulcer;  to  wring,  a  wet  cloth;  to  crush  out, 
tU-mdr  sesame-oil  Lex. ;  ^o-m^  Jsir-ba  to 
milk;  *feir  tagjhi-pa^  or  tdn-wa*  C,  to  press 
bard,  to  examine  closely,  to  hold  a  rigorous 
inquest;  btsun-mo-la  yan  tugs  ytsir  cun-^ar 
gyur-toPth,  also  the  queen's  mind  was  much 
depressed. 

^^•^  ^dzug'pa)y  1.  to  go  into  (more 
frri.Jsudrpa)^  to  enter  upon,  begin,  commence, 
stdd-pa  Jml'ba4a  fsugs  he  began  to  praise, 
to  flatter.  —  2.  to  penetrate  by  boring,  v. 
yur-pa;  to  take  roo^  to  establish  one's  self, 
to  settle,  rtsd'ba  ma  tmgs  it  has  not  struck 
root;  Jbrog  Jsugs-su  yema-^dodMiL^  prob.: 
they  had  no  longer  any  mind  to  establish 
themselves  in  this  alpine  solitude;  bi^tdn- 


gyi  skyid-^igo  d^-nas  fsugs  this  was  the  be- 
ginning of  my  lasting  happiness  MiL\  most 
frq.  fsugS'pa  as  partic.  or  adj. :  firm,  steady, 
rh^ah'ldg  ma  fsugs-te  sd-la  ^yel-to  his  limbs 
not  remaining  firm  (in  consequence  of  a 
paralytic  stroke),  he  fell  to  the  ground  DzL; 
*kdn'pa  fsiig-kyin  dug^  sit  quiet  with  your 
feet!  Lid. ;  ^dug  mi  fsugs-pa  Med.,  sa  ydig- 
fu  mi  tsugs-pa  Pth.,  ^dg'-fmg  md^^pa^  C, 
^ddd^du  mi  fsug^lcan*  W.  not  being  able 
to  sit  still;  not  stationary,  unsettled,  roving, 
restless,  volatile,  flighty,  inattentive,  spydd-pas 
skdd'cig  kyan  mi  fsugs-pa  Glr.  id.;  *fsug' 
la  dod*  W.,  be  attentive!  to  be  able  C. 
n^c^zy  o^^^^^'P^?  pf*  ^^^  (intrs.  to  Jtziid- 
^^  pa)  to  be  put  into  (a  hole),  to  prison 
Glr. ;  to  go  into,  to  enter,  to  get  into  (a  good 
and  wholesome  way),  to  go  to  (hell);  A:o/i-» 
du  V.  fo/i  Jtsud-pa. 

n^ffZT  o^^*"P^j  pf-  ^««^«i  1-  ^^  whirl,  of 
^^  whirlwinds,  snow-storms,  smoke 
etc.  MiL  and  elsewh.  —  2.  to  be  choked, 
esp.  to  be  drowned,  nya  ^ab4a  ^pyo-ba  Jsub 
mi  srid  the  fish  swimming  in  the  water 
cannot  be  drowned  MiL ;  ihis  Jsub-pa  Mil. ; 
^fstcb-te  H*  W.  he  has  been  drowned.  — 
3.  spydd'pa  Jsub-pa  pugnacity,  of  fowl  Glr. 
Q^'n*  Jse-ia  1.  vb.  pf.  btses^  fut.  btse,  ytse 
(DzL)  to  hurt,  damage,  injure,  perse- 
cute, torment,  mi-la  J^-hih  yndd'pa  byM- 
pa,  or  yndd-cin  Jtsi-bar  by^d-pa  id.;  also 
sbst ,  enemy',  persecutor  Mil.;  ycan-zdn-la 
sdgs'pai^fsd-ba  dan  btds-pa  (a  place)  haunted 
by  beasts  of  prey  or  any  other  noxious 
creatures  Thgy.;  the  term  is  also  applied 
to  horses  that  bite  each  other.  —  2.  sbst. 
(spelling  uncertain)  psalterium,  the  third 
stomach  of  ruminating  animals  W. 

n^-q-  o^^ff'P<^^  pf-  ^^^»?  i™P-  ^^^9(^)p  to 
"      '      repay  Cs. 

Q>r-q.  Jsih-bdj  pf.  prob.  Jsehs,  1.  to  in- 
crease, improve,  thrive,  opp.  iojwh 
ba  W.  —  2.  to  be  content,  happy  MiL 
Q^c'n*  JsM-pa  1.  v.  Jsdd-pa.  —  2.  v. 

'       bsed-pa. 
Q^^w  Js&m-pa  pf.  fsern^,  btsemSy  fut. 
btsem,  imp.  fsemjs,  W.  ^tsem-d^  to 
sew,  *gos  tshn-cn  ras*  materials  for  a  gar- 
t,. 


460 


q^-q-  Jk^-ha 


^ 


0^^^  Jaodrpa 


ment;  Jsemrskud  thread  for  sewing;  Jsem- 
Icdb  needle.  —  Jsem-drub  needle -work  Gs. 

—  J^sem-srub  W,  seam.  —  J^sem-mid  without 
a  seam;  Sch.  also:  without  interruption. 
Q^.-.  Jsir^ba,  I.  vb.  to  neigh  Pth.  and 

vulgo.  —  II.  also  mts^-ia  1.  vb. 
to  grieve,  to  sorrow,  and  sbst.  grief,  sorrow, 
resp.  tugs'-jsh'^  cf.  tser-ka;  Jsh^-ian  sorrow- 
ful, anxious,  Jser-mid  free  from  sorrow,  easy. 

—  2.  to  be  afraid,  to  fear  C,  MU,  —  3.  to 
shine,  to  glitter,  and  sbst.  lustre,  brightness, 
splendour,  brilliancy,  of  light  Lex.^  of  jewels 
Dzl.\  dkar-iin  (or  dkdr-ld)  Jtsir-ba  to  be 
of  a  shining  white  MiL 

Q^-^  5I^'?r  o^^-«^»  mMr-^a  1 .  Sch. : 
^  '  cause  of  uneasiness,  source 

of  care.  —  2.  an  old  deserted  settlement 
or  dwelling;  jBer-myin  id.  Sch. 
Qj^q-  Jsd^a^  I.  vb.  a.  intrs ,  pf.  and  imp. 
808,  1.  to  Kve,  rin-du  a  long  time, 
fo  brgya  a  hundred  years  Med.;  nam  (or 
ji'srid)  J$(n  bdr-du  for  life,  life-long,  ?<^8- 
kyis,  riff-pas^  rnon-pas  to  gain  a  livelihood 
by  religion,  science,  hunting  6s.,  or:  to  lead 
the  life  of  a  cleric,  scholar,  hunter;  srid  Jsd- 
ba  to  pass  life,  to  continue  in  a  state,  to  exist, 
frq. ;  ^du^^dzii  ndn-du  Jso  mi  pod-do  in  the 
throng  of  the  world  I  cannot  exist  DzL  (  W. 
*86n-ie  and  fse  ptd-b^).  —  2.  to  remain 
alive,  to  be  maintained  in  life,  ^di  m>a  byds- 
va  mi  ^tsoo  else  we  shall  not  remain  alive, 
we  shall  not  be  able  to  live  DzL ;  to  revive, 
to  recover,  from  sickness  etc.  DzL;  sds-par 
^gyuT'ba  id,  frq.;  H-ba-las  to  be  rescued 
from  peril  of  death  DzL  —  3.  to  last,  to  be 
durable,  of  clothes  etc.,  W. :  *mdn-po  fso-be^ 
to  last  long,  to  be  very  durable;  J$6-hin 
9d6d-pa  to  remain  valid,  binding,  to  retain 
its  virtue,  efficacy,  of  laws,   doctrine  etc. 

—  4.  to  feed,  to  graze.  —  b.  trs.,  pf.  (A)sos, 
fut.  ysOj  1.  to  nourish,  lus  the  body;  to 
sustain,  srog  life;  to  pasture,  to  feed,  pyvgs 
Jsd'ba-la  ky^-ba  to  lead  the  cattle  to 
pasture  Pth.,  pyugs  Jsor  pyin-pa  id.  —  2. 
to  heal,  to  cure,  nod  Lt. ;  in  this  sense  the 
fut.  form  is  used  as  a  vb.  for  itself,  q.v.; 
Jso-byid^  fso-mdzdd  life-giver',  i.e.  physi- 
cian, medicine. 


II.  sbst.,  also  JsOy  1.  life,  mizig^  Jso- 
ba  bhdl-ba  to  prolong  life  DzL ;  ^d^aq  fidi 
rye  the  lord  of  our  lives,  viz.  the  king  Glr.; 
J^80  skydn-ba  to  spare,  preserve,  protect 
another's  life;  to  rear,  bring  up,  educate.— 
2.  livelihood,  sustenance,  nouri^ment,  ento^ 
tainment,  zld-ba  ysum^yi  bdr-du  Jkd-ha 
sbydr-ba  to  board  a  person  for  three  months 
DzL;  Jsd-ba-la  Tna  bUdste  not  caring  for 
the  entertainment  DzL;  Jsd-bab  zdn-po 
good  eating  and  drinking  MiL 

Qlfin»xxr  Jsog-cas  goods,  effects,  chatleb; 

'         tools,  necessaries,==yo-6yad2>j'.; 
also  provisions,  provender. 
q^gqi'^  J^sdg-pay  pf.  bUagSy  fut.  btsog,  imp. 

'  t8og,W.*t86g-he''  1.  to  hew,  chop, 
cut,  pierce;  to  inoculate,  vaccinate,  brum-pa 
the  small-pox.  —  2.  to  cudgel,  Jsdg-Hn  rdm- 
ba  Pth.,  brddg-^fsog-pa  id.  DzL  —  3.  also 
mfsdg-pa  to  find  fault  with,  to  blame,  censure, 
carp  at,  teaze  Sch. 


^ma^ 


'  mfs6g-ma. 

Q^gcn^q'  o^^^ff^-P^y  pf-  ^^^  i™P-  ^^y  ^ 
'  assemble,  to  gather,  to  meet,  frq.; 
Ilyed  JUr  fsogs,  ye,  that  are  here  assembled 
Mil.;  mi  mdn-po  fsSgs-pai  mdun^u  before 
many  assembled  people  DzL;  Jbytm-ia  Ina 
fsdgs'pa  the  five  elements  meeting  S.g.; 
^fsogs  rten-gyi  zas-Mn  food  and  drink  to 
entertain  the  people  assembled  G/r.;  to  unite, 
to  join  in  doing  something,  tO  associate,  to 
make  common  cause;  examples  v.  lugs. 
Q^^'n*  ofsdn-ba,  pf.  btsons,  fut.  btsoA,  imp. 
fsoH,  W.  *ts6n'C^y  to  sell,  drijl^on' 
bai  ynas  place  where  perfumes  are  sold 
Stg.;  *dan  gdn-'Se  tsdh-Uan-ni  wt*  W.  the 
man  that  yesterday  had  a  coat  to  sell. 

q^-q-  q^r-q-  Jsddrpa,  ^fsidrpa,  (O. 
^^'  ^  "^  Jsd-baf)  pf.  bim,  fat 
btsoy  imp.  <sos,  tsod,  W.  *t8d^*y  1.  to  COOk, 
to  dress,  in  boiling  water,  meat,  vegetables; 
*cu't8d8*  W.  'water-boiled',  dumplings,- 
^M-ta-gir*.  —  2.  to  bake  provinc.  —  3.  to 
dye^gos  a  garment.  —  4.  fta8-pa,*fe(fe-iwfan* 
W,*  ripe,  *t808  son* is  ripe;  *ldddrpa  ma  isos* 
Ld.j  he  is  a  green-horn. 


0^(^^^  otsdb(8)-pa 


S^Q^^  mdzd'ba 


461 


OJ^f^'^'  o^^K^)"?^  t®  ^^  *  deputy,  re-  qS^M'A'  JM-ba,  pf.  and  fut  bUol^  imp.  tsol, 
^   '^      presentative,  substitute  C8,;rigs  W.  *fea/-c^,  1.  to  seek,  to  search, 

/sdb'pa  to  be  the  first-bom  male  in  a  fa-  to  make  research;  tabs  to  think  upon  means, 

mily,  the  support  of  a  family  DzL;  Jsdb-  —  2.  to  try  to  obtain,  ,2:a8;  to  procure,  acquire 

par  byed'pa  to  substitute,  to  put  in  the  place  MiL\  to  fetch  Thg. 
of  another  DzL;  yduii  -J^db^po  resp.  for 
first-born  Dzl. 


t 


^  dza  1.  the  letter  sounding  dz;  cf.  the  ob- 
servations to  5  fea.  —  2.  numerical  fi- 
gure: 19. 

^-  dza  1 .  V.  dza-ti.  —  2.  dzd-brdun-ba  to 
break  through  Sch, 

^^'  dzd'tty  prop.  ^%\  SsL  irnft,  nutmeg 

Lt,  and  vulgo;  sometimes  dza  for  it,  po.  Lt 

^•2f-nc;'  dza-bo-sin  Lex.  a  hollow  tree  Sch. 

^-^-  dzd-ya  1.  Sch.:  'muddy  deposit,  green 
slime  in  the  water'.  —  2.  C.  the  mark- 
ings of  wood,  speckled  and  variegated,  in 
consequence  of  a  disease  of  the  tree,  cf.  i6d- 
ba.  —  3.  n.  of  an  ancient  king  of  China  Glr. 

^'Qjy  dza-lantra^  more  accur.  ^'^<3r5 '^' 

dza-ldn-dha-ra y  n.  of  a  province  in  Ihe 

PunjS^b,  now  'Jellundur . 

^•Cinn'  ^d'lvr-ka,  cut  dza-lu-ka  Sch.  'water- 

'  spider';  in  Ss/;.  however:  leech. 
^«-X'  dzdb-ra,  prob.  to  be  spelt  rdza-bra 

q.v. 
^SJ'n*  dzdm-bu,  gen.  ^dzdm-bu,  nv,  the 
^  rose  apple-tree,  Eugenia^  which  fi- 
gures also  in  mythology;  dzdm-bui  glirt^ 
dzam-bti-gUn,  dzam-glin^  ^MJ[Vq,  ace.  to 
the  ancient  geography  of  India  and  Tibet, 
that  part  of  the  world  which  comprizes  these 
countries,  the  triangular  peninsula  of  Hin- 
dostan,  occasionally  including  the  imme- 
diate border-lands ;  but  as  in  Brahman  and 


Buddhist  literature  all  that  does  not  belong 
to  these  two  religions  is  considered  as  not 
existing,  or  at  least  as  hardly  human,  ^^(feam- 
bu-glin  is  simply  used  for  earth,  world,  and 
Jlzam  'bu-  glih  -pa^  for  inhabitant  of  the 
world,  man. 

rf^'rt'OJ*  dzdm-bha-la^  also  dzdm-bhay  Glr. 
^  the  Tibetan  Plutos,  god  of  riches, 
=  mam-fo8'Srds,  also  i^mugs-^dzin  IjCx., 
ynod'^dziuy  and  ace.  to  Sch/.'s  conjecture 
(^Tar.  6,  1)  also  yndd-pa-dan;  dzarri'Ser 
this  god  painted  yellow,  dzam-ndg  painted 
black  Cs. 
5'  dzi,  num.  figure:  49. 

«^.^^-j-.  dzi-na-vii-tra  Ssk.  n.  of  a  Bud- 

'     "^    dhist  scholar. 
E*  dzUy  num.  figure:  79. 

^"cr  dzu'ta  Hindi:  shoe  6'.,  W. 

^— -^^ •  dzub-dzub  C.  *dhsub^isub  jlte^^pa* 
N9  N9  to  wag,  to  whisk  the  tail,  of  horses 
and  cattle. 

R'  dze,  num.  figure:  109. 

'^^'  dze-tse  C.  ^dhse-tse^^  vent-hole  for  the 
smoke,  chimney. 

B.'  dzo  num.  figure:  139. 

"g'-^.  ■^-^-  dzd'kiydzwo-kiMiL.Wdn.yyulg. 

' '   -^    'for  yd-gi,  v.  mdl-Jbyor-pa. 
«^Q.— •  mdzd-ba  (Lex.  =  mtim-pd)  to  love, 
as  friends  or  kinsmen  do,  Uyo-hitg 


462 


SJEC^i^   mdzanS'pa 


$JE^3f  mdzub-mo 


mdzd  -ba-  mams  a  loving  married  couple 
DzL;  vidza-zi/i  sdug-par  ^ifur-ba  loviog 
each  other,  e.g. like  brothers  or  sisters,  DzL; 
mi-mdzd'ba  fams-cdd  ^ny  hostile, malignant 
(creatures  or  powers)  Dom. ;  mi-mdzd-ba" 
rfiams  sdum-pa  to  reconcile  those  that  are 
at  variance  Tfiffj/.\  brdfn-ze  mdzd-zin  Us- 
pa  Hg  ydd'de  he  had  a  Brahmin  for  his  in- 
timate friend  Dzlr^  mdza-bsh  friend,  frq.  in 
conjunction  with  nye-du  or  /cyim-mfses  Glr.\ 
mdzd 'bo  id.  DzL  etc.  and  vulgo,  rarely 
vidzao  Thgy.\  still  more  vulg.  jTs.;  *dzdn-ii\ 
dzd'Tno^iem.;  *dzd'ivo  jJie^-pa^/J,^  =  mdzd- 
ba;  mdza^grdgs  intimate  friend  ScA.;  (\: 
husband,  wife. 

^rfr^crn'  fnd^dr'i^'pci'  {Ssk.  xrfl^PT)  ^-  Wise, 
learned,  frq.;  viUds-hin  mdzdns- 
pa^  ytsug-lag-ce-zin  mcbdns-pa;  mdzarts- 
blurt  the  wise  man  and  the  fool,  a  relig.  com- 
position, publ.  by  Schmidt,  together  with 
a  German  translation,  containing  an  endless 
variety  of  examples  relative  to  the  Bud- 
dhist doctrine  of  future  rewards  and  pun- 
ishments; mdzdm-ma  a  wise  woman  Glr, 
—  2.  gentle,  noble,  distinguished  as  to  rank, 
ya-rdbs  mdzdns^kyi  bu  Glr,  po.  —  (The 
spelling  ^dzd/ts-pa  is  not  of  unfrequent  oc- 
currence, but  seems  to  be  objectionable.) 
jjtfr-q'  mdzdd-pa^  imp.  mdzod  {W.  also 
^  ^dzad^)y  to  do,  to  act,  resp.  for  byed- 
pa  in  all  its  significations,  whenever  the 
person  acting  is  the  object  of  respect,  hence 
almost  without  exception  with  regard  to 
Buddha;  but  also  in  common  life:  *ce  dzad 
dug*  W.  what  is  your  honour  doing?  also 
together  with  byed-pa, grogs  byidr-par  mdzdd 
Hg  pray,  help  me!  further  as  a  sbst.:  the 
act  of  doing,  the  thing  done,  the  deed,  mdzdd- 
pa  bcu-gnyis  the  twelve  deeds  (or  prop, 
incidents)  of  an  incarnated  Buddha,  viz.  the 
descending  from  the  gods,  conception,  birth, 
exhibition  of  skill  (i  e.  going  through  certain 
chivalrous  exercises),  conjugal  diversion, 
relinquishing  family-ties,  engaging  in  pe- 
nitential exercises,  conquering  the  devil, 
becoming  Buddha,  preaching,  dying,  being 
deposited  in  the  shape  of  relics;  sometimes 


even  hundred  (or  rather  125)  such  deeds 
are  enumerated  Cs.  — 

Comp.  and  deriv.  mdzad^-paypo  a  maker, 
composer  etc. ;  also  to  be  used  for  creator. 
—  mdzad'spydd  resp.  deed,  action  NiL; 
deportment,  conduct,  like  spydd-lam  MH: 
course  of  life,  way  of  acting,  e.g.  of  a  he- 
retical king  I^L 

pitted  with  the  small-pox, 
pock-marked;  warty,  blotchy,  v.  mdzer-pa, 

5^q-?f ,  vulgo  ^crpn-  ^^^^-^o,  ^^^ 
N5  ND  'xi  guy  1.  finger^  esp. 

fore-finger;  fams-ddd  Kar  mdzub-mo  ^g-la 
sdod  Glr,  now  sit  down  and  put  your  finger 
into  your  mouth  (for  our:  put  your  finger 
upon  your  mouth),  i.e.  be  silent,  as  becomes 
the  vanquished;  ^dzug-gu  fu'-pa^  C.  a  kind 
of  covenanting,  the  tw^o  parties  wetting  their 
fingers  with  saliva  and  then  striking  them 
against  one  another,  which  ceremony  is  con- 
sidered more  stringent  than  that  of  *<fo  cdg- 
pa*^\.7*do.  The  different  fingers  are:  (m)t€- 
bo^  (m)feb'm4)  thumb;  mdzub-mo  B.,  *dzug- 
gu*  vulgo,  ston-byid  6s.,  mfsod  Med.  fore- 
finger; srin-lddy  bdr-mdzub  Cs.,  ^gun-dzu^ 
C,  kdn-ma  Med,  middle-finger;  srin-mdzub 
Cs.,  ^srin-dzug*  vulgo,  min-med  (Cs.j  ace.  to 
Ssk,)  cad  Med.  the  fourth  finger;  {m)fe{'ba) 
or  feu-cun,  *dzug'Cun  *C,  the  little  finger.  — 
2.  toe.  —  3.  claw. 

Comp.  mdztcb-keVy  -kyh*  or  -kyd/t  Cs.  a 
stiff  finger.  —  mdzui-brkydns  Cs,  an  ex- 
tended finger.  —  mdzub-skyds  finger-ring  (= 
ser-ydui^Lew,  — vidzub-Urid  a  pointing  with 
the  finger,  hint,  intimation,  direction,  blo-fS- 
fsom  sil'bai  mdzvh-Urid  byas  he  made  an  in- 
timation that  removed  every  scruple  of  the 
mind  Glr.  —  ^dzug-gdn^  W.  a  span,  mea- 
sured with  thumb  and  fore-finger.  — mdzub- 
gug  a  crooked  finger  Cs.  —  *mdzub^en^ 
vulgo,  thimble  —  mdzub-mfd  'a  span  mea- 
sured v^th  the  tliumb  and  middle-finger' 
Sch.  prob.  =  mdzug-gan.  —  mdzub-rdui 
a  mutilated  finger  Cs.  —  mdzub-brdd  a  hint 
or  sign  given  with  a  finger  Cs.  —  mdzub-tis^ 
tip  of  a  finger  Cs.  —  mdzub-tsigs  joint  of 


^lE'  mdze 


463 


Q^C^-q-  ^dzaiis^pa 


a  finger  Cs.  —  nidzub  -  zd  thimble  tk  — 
*dzug'n*W.=  vidzub-brdd,  ^dzug-ri-idh-c^ 
to  beckon.  —  vidzub^ubs  a  fingered  glove 
Sch 

^^  mdze,  Ssk  i^j^,  leprosy  (not  cancer,  yet 
infectious,  the  skin  growing  white  and 
chapped)  6/r.,  Med,;  mdze-dan  leprous. 

3^^'^'    P^^'^'  w^r^'-pa,  ^rfr^r-pa  knot, 
^  excrescence  of  the  skin, 

wart  etc.  Med.;  rus-mdzer  S,g.  bony  ex- 
crescence, exostosis  (?);  knag,  knot,  in  wood 
Dzl^;  mdzer-mdl  knot-hole,  in  boards. 
3;j^2^n'  "^^^S'pct  fair,  handsome,  beautiful, 
mdzh'pai  or  -mai  bu-mo  Glr, ;  bu- 
tno  vidzes^a  as  a  tender  address  to  a  daugh- 
ter Glr,;  H'bo  nags-fsdl  du-mas  mdzes-pa 
a  mountain  beautified  by  numerous  woods ; 
mdzes'par  byd-bai  pyir  for  show,  serving 
as  finery,  ornament  Stg,;  fig.:  spyod-lam 
mdziS'pa  a  deportment  outwardly  unbla- 
mable DzL;  lus-mdzis  a  well-made  body, 
ydon-mdzis  a  handsome  face,  mig-mdzes  a 
beautiful  eye  Cs, ;  wdzes-mdzis  pomp,  extra- 
vagance, profusion,  debauchery  Sch.  —  ynod- 
mdz^s  name  of  the  rig-sndgs-kyi  rgydl'po(^) 
Dom.^  Lex, 

^^  mdzo  mongrel-breed  of  the  yak-buU 
and  common  cow  Lf.,  whilst  Jbri^idzo 
(  W'  ^brim-dzd*)  is  the  hybrid  of  a  common 
bull  and  a  yak-cow,  mdzo-po  a  male,  mdzo- 
mo  a  female  animal  of  the  kind,  both  valued 
as  domestic  cattle;  mdzd-mo-Kyu  a  herd  of 
such  animals;  tndzo-rgdd  wild  cattle;  mdzo- 
prvy  calf  of  such  cattle;  mdzo-kd  leather, 
mdzo-mdr  butter  from  a  bastard  cow,  vidzo- 
$gdl  load  for  the  same  Cs,;  mdzo-fsd  Wdh. 
n.  of  a  medicine  (cf.  ba-fsdf). 

^5'?r  mdzd^iOy  1.  V.  mdzo,  —  2.  oatS  Sch. 

5j^*  Tndzod.,  Ssk.  ifm,  1.  sbst.  store-house, 
magazine,   depository,   strong-box, 

mdzdd'du  jifg-ya,  sbid-pa  to  secure,  to  hide 
a  thing  in  a  depository,  wdzdd-nas  ^ddn- 
pa  to  fetch 'forth  from  it;  dkor-mdzdd,  yter- 
mdzdd  Glr,  treasury;  ban-mdzdd  corn-ma- 
gazine, granary;  dbyig-tndzdd  a  safe  for  val- 
uables, fser^vidzod  for  gold;  pyag-mdzod 
(Cs.  also  mdzod'pa)  treasurer,  with  kings, 


in  large  monasteries;  miu-gi  mdzod  a  trea- 
sury of  words ,  dictionary.  —  mdzod  -  Uan 
store-room,  larder.  —  Tadzod-sruh  treasurer 
Dzl,  —  2.  vb.  V.  mdzdd'pa, 
jtS^-xt'  mdzdd'Spu^S8k.^^^smin'mtsamS' 
\i  ^*!/^  mdzod-spu  Glr,,  ace.  to  Cs.  a 
single  hair,  ace.  to  the  majority,  a  circle  of 
hair,  between  the  eye-brows,  in  the  middle 
of  the  forehead,  one  of  the  particular  marks* 
of  a  Buddha,  from  which,  e.g.,  he  is  able 
to  send  forth  magic  or  divine  rays  of  light. 
jt^-q-  mdzdl'bu  Lejc,;  Sch,:  'grief,  dejec- 

^  tion;  asnare,  atrap'C?). 
O^Q'  o^^«  ^-  exchange,  agio  C  —  2.  interest 
or  premium  paid  for  the  use  of  money 
borrowed  Lh. 

O^a'n'  o^^  '  ^^1  prob.  only  in  the  word 
"      ciidn^dza-ba  to  be  expended  in  vain 

C8.(?). 

C^qrq-  Jzdg-pa,  pf.  (y)zag8,  fut.  y^a^, 
'  (intrs.  to  ^fsag-pd)^  to  drop,  drip, 
trickle,  sna-Krdg,  sna-hi  dzag  blood,  water, 
dripping  from  the  nose  Med,;  *nal'iag  zdg- 
^^*  the  menstrual  flow  of  females  (plain 
expression  for  it)  W. ;  mii-ma  Dzl, ;  ^d-ma 
^dzdg-pa  d^4a8  Jyyun  milk  is  trickling  from 
it  Wdh,;  ^dzag  - ^dzdg  -  pa  to  trickle  con- 
stantly Sch,;  in  a  more  gen.  sense:  to  flow 
out  spouting;  Krcig  yzdgs-pa  the  blood  that 
has  been  shed  Dzl. ;  mfso  Mbs-nas  zdgs-te 
m£dr-par  son  flowing  off  at  the  bottom,  the 
lake  dwindled  away  Mil;  ^Icd-cu  zag  dug* 
W,  he  foams  (with  rage);  bUn  zags-te  the 
face  dripping  (with  perspiration);  ^hu-gu 
zags  son*  W,  the  paper  runs,  blots;  some- 
times used  transitively:  kun-la  snyih-btse 
m^i-ma  yzag  he  is  shedding  tears  of  uni- 
versal pity  Dzl,  97-^  16;  sor  bar-nas  ^dzdg- 
nas  letting  (the  ashes)  fall  through  between 
his  fingers  Mil, 

q^cTTOgcn-  od^^ff'od^^ff  ""«xed,  mingled,  pro- 
'        '  miscuously,  pell-mell  Lexx,  = 

^l^rugs-pa, 

Q^C'QEC'  ^dzan-jlzoh  =  ytsah-ytsoh, 

Q^rs;j'n*  o^zahS'pa.f  Lex,  =  zdd-pa  spent, 
consumed,  exhausted,  construed 
with  noi\  of  rare  occurrence. 


464^ 


Q^^q-  Jzdd^a 


Q^rw  ^dzddr-paj  pf.  zad  1.  to  be  on  the 
^      decline,  pf.  to  be  consumed,  spent, 

ii(\,,bsdg8-pai nor  Jlzad  i\ie  gathered  wealth 
goes  to  an  end  Pih, ;  snum-zad-kyi  mdr-me 
a  lamp  the  oil  of  which  is  exhausted  Glr, ; 
Jiydd'kyi  bsdd-nanu  zdd-pai  fsdn-jfrug-mams 
ye  (poor)  partners  in  trade,  whose  stored- 
up  merits  are  now  at  an  end  (whilst  the 
speaker  by  the  strength  of  his  virtue  is 
saved  from  the  danger  in  which  the  others 
perish)  Glr.;  rffydgs-la  zad  that  has  been 
spent  for  provisions  Mil. ;  Mai  sa  zad  kyaii 
yan-iio  the  flesh  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
thigh,  even  after  it  had  been  used  (after  all 
had  been  laid  on  the  scales),  was  nevertheless 
lighter  than....  DzL;  fabs-zdd  helpless 
Glr.;  fse-ydnS'Su  zdd-pa-las  whilst  life  is 
consuming  itself  Do.;  tse-zdd-kar  Do,,  prob. 
the  same  as  JH-Uar^  at  the  hour  of  death; 
frq.  referred  to  sin :  jiod-Mgs-kyi  serm^  dri- 
ma  kun^  nyis'pai  skyon  fams-cddy  ^dM-pa 
kun  ydm-su  zdd^  sensuality  and  all  sin, 
desire  and  defilement  being  done  away 
with,  having  ceased  Dzl;  dug  Inai  Ids-la 
zddrpa  med  the  effects  of  the  five  poisons 
(q.v.)  never  cease;  ^dri-la  zad-pa  med  of 
devils  there  is  an  infinite  number  Mil.\  zad 
(•pa)  m^d(;-pa)y  zad-mi-hes-pa  incessant, 
endless,  everlasting  —  2.  Jiis  zad  with  this 
it  is  4dne,  i.e.  a.  this  is  the  only  thing,  be- 
sides which  no  second  is  existing;  ^disdon- 
j-nyer-Hn  Jsd-bar  zddrua  as  this  is  our  only 
means  of  making  a  living  DzL\  bu  niHyod 
ybig-pur  zdd-de  as  thou  art  our  only  son 
Dzl. ;  mfdh'ba  Hd-mo  Kd-nar  zdd-de  as  I  am 
the  only  person  that  has  seen  ....  Tor.; 
misdn-bar  zdd-de  this  is  limited  to  seeing, 
this  refers  only  to  sight  DzL  /JU^  12;  ynyis 
ni  min  ybig-pa  tsdm-du  zdd-pas  as  the  two 
have  only  one  name  Tar.;  hence  the  frequent 
ma  zdd'de  with  the  termin.  case,  not  only, 
srog  ^d&i*-ba  jdi  Jbd-zig-tu  ma  zdd-de  hav- 
ing lost  his  life  not  only  this  time  (but  often 
so  before)  Dzl.  VH^y  13;  der  ma  zad(-kyi) 
not  enough  with  that,  still  more,  further, 
yea  even  Thgy.  —  b.  it  is  decided,  settled, 
unquestionable,  no9*  rgydUpos  bhis-par  zdd-na 
as  the  fortune  unquestionably  tails  to  the  king. 


Q^^^  ^dzin-pa 

otfn*  o*^*  magic  sentence,  bzld-ba  to  pro- 
nounce one  Lex. 
P^^„  .^™  ^dzdb(s)-pa  to  strive,  endeavour; 
^  ^      to  be  studious,  to  give  diligence 

Sch. 

Q^SI'q*  ^dzdm-bu  v.  dzdvi-bu. 

Q^^.-^  ^dzavi-bur,  gun,  cannon,  *5^ya6-pa* 
^      C.  to  discharge. 

Q^^  Jizar  bob,  tassel,  tuft  I^ex. 

Qdx:n'  o^^^''"^^  ^*-  ^^  ^^%  down';  yet  it 
is  evidently  the  prop,  present-form 
to  the  pf.  bzar  and  the  fut.  yzary  which 
frq.  are  used  without  regard  to  tense:  to 
hang  up,  clothes  on  a  line  Dzl. ;  to  hang  or 
throw  over,  the  toga  over  one's  shoulder  i)2i. 
and  elsewh. 

pgs-,  ^dzi'ba  to  abstain  from,  to  be  absti- 
nent, temperate  Sch. 
Q^-q-  ^dzin-ba  to  quarrel,  contend,  fight, 
m?^-,  sder-^  nea-Jbdh  byM^a  to 
fight  with  tusks,  claws,  horns  Cs.\  ^dzih-mo 
quarrel,  contention,  dispute. 

'  with  sAto,  rarely  with 

mgo  Glr.,  bristly,  rugged,  shaggy,  of  beggars 
Dzl  ,  infernal  monsters  Dzl.  —  sprin-Bm 
^dzihs-m^tth-ndg  Mil.f 
q1^'  ^^^m  1 .  the  act  of  seizing,  seizure,  grasp, 
'  gripe,  y.jdzin-pa.,  e.g.  wyi-orf^tw  eclipse 
of  the  sun,  zla-^dzin  lunar  eclipse,  (the 
heavenly  bodies  being  seized  by  the  dragon 
Rahula,  v.  sgra-yban),  ril-^dzin  total,  ca- 
Jtzin  partial  eclipse  Wdk.  —  2.  he  that  seizes, 
holds  fast,  a  holder,  keeper;  receptacle;  rd^ 
rye-^dzm  v.  rdo-rje;  hi-^dzin  po.  cloud,  ro- 
Jizin  po.  tongue  Lex.\  adherent,  e.g.  in  srolr 
^dzin.  —  3.  bond,  obligation,  certificate,  e.g. 
prod'^dzin  receipt,  acquittance.  —  4.  confrad, 
agreement,  treaty,  ^idg-pa""  C,  *tdn-ce*  W., 
to  conclude,  make,  a  bargain,  a  treaty; 
yig-Jlzin  a  written  agreement 

ql^^^  ^dzin-can  W.  sticky,  glutinous  (?). 

Q<gv.q-  ^dzin-pa  I.  vb.  pf.  (b)zun^  fut  /'sttw, 

'       imp.  zun(8\  also  yzicn-ba,  bzun-ba 

and  zin-pa  in  all  tenses,  W.  *zum^e^j  BaL 

*zun'cas''^  1.  to  take  hold  of,  to  seize,  grasp, 

'<x;rir  '  ^\   '  "     ''       ''    ^■/■' 


,    ^M'-^  t- ^  "^  I  *-     i^ft>^/'-c»      ; 


''~"/ 


C^a^CT  ^dsinrpa 


0^^^*  jizugs-pa 


465 


Idg-pa-mu  to  grasp  a  person's  hand  MU.; 
mg^-nca  taking  hold  of  a  skoll  Dzl.  ^^  6; 
gds-kyi  mfd-ma  to  seize  the  coat-tail  DzZ.; 
iw  a  man,  =  to  catch,  frq.;  'Hth-mar  ^dzin- 
pa  to  take  wives  Glr,;  to  hold,  Idg-na  rdU 
gri  to  hold  a  sword  in  one's  hand  (?&•.; 
*hfi  zum  Urn*  IT.,  *%/  dzin  (or  ^iw)  ro^  jA^* 
C,  hold  the  dog  fast!  to  catcb,  a  ball,  rain- 
water etc.;  bzun4>a8  mi  zin  capiendo  non 
capitur^  it  (the  soul)  cannot  be  taken  hold 
of  MiL;  bddg-gi  ydun-brgyiid^dzin-pai  rgydU 
bu  a  prince  upholding  my  race  Glr,;  to  hold, 
support,  a  certain  doctrine;  to  embrace,  an- 
other religion  Glr.^  v.  below;  to  take  upon 
one's  self^  some  religious  duty.  —  2.  tO  get, 
receive,  obtain.  —  3.  to  occupy,  to  take  pos- 
session of,  hold  in  possession,  a  country  jif a., 
rgydlrsa  the  throne;  to  be  seized,  ndd-kyis 
zinrpa  seized  with  a  malady  MU.^  —  4.  in- 
tellectually: to  take  in,  comprehend,  grasp,  con- 
ceive, by  the  faculty  of  perception  or  imagi- 
nation: dbdn-po-mams-kyi  niis-pa  zad-^as 
yulmi  ^dzin^a-amyidn^du^dzin'pa  to  per- 
ceive things  not  as  they  are,  or  not  at  all, 
in  consequence  of  weakened  senses  Thgy,\ 
with  reference  to  mind  or  memory :  9&mS' 
lay  yidrla^  bld-la  B.  and  col;  tO  be  taken 
in,  affected,  seized,  captivated,  sdig-pas  zin- 
pa  to  be  affected,  taken,  by  sin  MiL\  ftigs- 
fj€8  zin-pa  to  be  kindly,  graciously,  affected 
towards  a  person;  fugs-ma  zin-pa  to  be  not 
graciously  inclined  M7.wt.;  biir-moB  zirirpa 
taken  in  love  with  a  girl  Pth,;  ^dzin-pa 
(ami- bad  all  thaA  captivates  me;  to  choose, 
to  follow,  ri'Urdd  to  choose  the  solitude  of 
mountains  Mil,^  dmdn-aa  to  follow  humility, 
to  choose  lowliness  MU.  and  elsewh.;  to 
embrace,  another  religion,  v.  above;  to  take 
for,  to  consider,  esteem,  na-la  dgrar  taking 
me  for  an  enemy  DzL;  mi  or  mi-la  ybes- 
par  or  sdug-par  to  value,  esteem,  love,  a 
person,   v.  yb^s-pa;  ^ar,  mar  to  esteem, 
respect  one,  as  a  father,  as  a  mother  Stg, ; 
mSd-pa-la  ydd-par  to  consider  the  not 
existing  as  existing  Thgr.;  ynyis-su  to  con- 
sider as  different,  to  find  a  difference  be- 
tween two  things,  which  according  to  Bud- 
dhist philosophy  are  one  and  the  same,  of. 


Ojru'^  r  L. 


^^Lc     ^^^^- 


ynyis'^dzin;  also  absolutely,  without  an  ob- 
ject being  mentioned :  dnds-por  ^dzm^a  to 
believe  in  the  reality  (of  a  thing)  Jtftt  — 
5.  ry^-su  ^dzin-pa  v.  ijes. 

II.  sbst.  ].  he  that  seizes,  holds,  occupies, 
rigs-snags  ^dzin-pa  the  holder  of  a  magic 
sentence;  adherent,  keeper  etc.  —  2.  that 
which  affects,  captivates,  in  an  intellectual 
sense,  v.  above  ^dzin^a  fams^dd;  the  being 
seized  or  affected  with,  or  as  we  should 
say,  taking  an  interest  in,  v.  sub  spdn-ba; 
also  cf.  yzun-^dzin.  —  Jbin^hydh^  ^po-hrdh 
jiii  ^dzin-^kydh  gyis  occupy  this  palace  and 
take  care  of  it  Glr.  —  ^dzin-pa  the  earth, 
as  a  receptacle  of  beings  Sch. 

^dzin-pa. 
C^^'^  ^dzir-bay  ==  Q^^Tj-q  (fea^^atodrop, 
to  drip  Lea. 
0^'^\dzurbay  p£  ^dzmy  to  enter  Sch, 

Q^rrW^cr  ^^^  W^^  J^zugs-pa  and  zug- 
^  '  '      pa^  pf.  btmgs^  zugs^ 

fut.  yzugsy  irn^.  ztig(ji)y  (trs.  to  Jmgs-pa) 
1.  to  prick  or  stick  into,  to  set,  to  prick  a 
stick,  to  setaplant,  into  the  ground,  to  plant, 
frq.;  to  run,  thrust,  pierce,  to  run  one's  self 
a  splinter  into  the  flesh  etc.  W.;  to  erect, 
a  pillar,  to  raise,  a  standard.  —  2.  to  put 
down,  to  place,  a  kettle  Dzl\  to  place  be- 
fore, minlap&r-pa  to  place  a  drinking-bowl 
before  a  person  (more  genteel  than  bha^- 
pa)  Glr.;  to  put  or  place  on,  to  touch  with, 
mdziib'Tno  the  finger;  esp.  pus-mo(^-i  Iha- 
nd)  sd-la  to  place  the  knee  on  the  ground, 
to  kneel  down,  v.  pus -mo;  idbs  -  ^dzugs- 
kyi  dga-ston  feast  given,  when  a  little 
child  begins  to  walk  Glr.  —  3.  to  lay  out, 
a  garden,  to  found,  a  town,  a  convent;  to 
institute,  a  sacrificial  festival  Glr.;  to  in- 
troduce, srol  a  custom  Lex.^  hence  in  a  ge- 
neral sense,  to  begin,  commence,  any  busi- 
ness, with  or  without  mgo;  ^ku-rim  tsug- 
sa  ma  tmgs*  W.  has  the  ceremony  already 
begun?  is  it  a  going?  rgdl-ba  jiziigs-pa 
to  offer  resistance  Pth.  —  4.  to  prick,  sting, 
pierce,  mdas  with  arrows  Dzly  fig.  mi-Ka 
zug-pa  hurting  by  malicious  words  Do.; 

30 


466 


O^^q^  ,dzM-pa 


Uig  kUn-tu  zug-pa  a  sarcastic^  offensive 
speech  Stg,  —  5.  intrs.,  to  bore  wr  force 
itself  ifrto,  to  penetrate,  to  take  hold,  to  stick 

to,  mostly  fig.,  e.g.  sman  ma  zug  the  me- 
dicine has  not  taken  hold  yet,  does  not 
work  Thgy.;  zld-la  Uy^d-kyit  mi  zug  you 
do  not  cling  or  stick  to  a  companion  MZ.; 
•d^ia  iem  zug-pa*  C\  to  be  attached  to,  to 
be  pleased  with  a  thing;  ^zi^-pa*  C,  at- 
tached. —  6.  to  sting,  Uke  nettles,  to  prick, 
tser  Uar  like  a  thorn  Mil.\  Id-ma  zug-par 
byed  the  leaves  sting  Wdh. ;  zug-^gyti-m^d'' 
pa  not  smarting  Wdn. 
qrfc-qp  ^dziuH-pa,  pi  biaud^  Sch.  also  zud^ 

V9  imp.  Aud  (trs.  to  Jsid-^a,  synon. 
to  Jiig-paX  te  put,  to  ley,  into  a  box,  into 
the  grave;  tolead,  to  guide,  into  the  right  way, 
to  virtue,  to  religion—to  convert;  to  reduce, 
to  despair,  sdig-pa-la  to  seduce  to  sin  Pth. ; 
to  prompt  one  to  do  a  thing  GyatcL]  ^dzitd- 
^dzud^a  to  put  into  Seh. 
^gr^  Jtzub-mOy  sometimes  erron.  for 

V         mdzub^mo. 
Q^j^P  ^dzum  smile,  bydm»'pai  jizitm-yyii 

N»  with  a  friendly  smile;  jizum  byddrpa 
tf  emile;  ^dzum  dan  Idan smiling  Pth.\  Jbcum 
tkydh-ba  to  preserve  a  friendly  countenance, 
to  be  always  mild  and  gentle;  jdzum-skyoh 
in  a  special  sense,  the  exhortation  given  to 
every  daughter  on  her  marriage,  to  treat 
visitors  with  a  friendly  smile;  also  fig.,  an 
engaging  appearance,  ri-mo  Jtziim-gyh  ma 
bglus-^ar  not  to  be  deceived  by  an  enticing 
appearance  of  colour  MU, ;  no-^dzum,  smile, 
in  a  relative  sense,  a -net  no-^dzum  dkar 
nag  bUa»  I  watched  whether  the  smile,  the 
mien,  of  my  aunt  was  friendly  or  unfriendly 
MU* ;  fto-^dzum  ndgste  looking  sad  DzL 
(3^$I'Q'  o<^'"^'P^^  P^*  btsum,  zum^  fut. 

>o  yzum^  imp.  fmm  1.  to  close,  to  shut, 

yet  only  in  certain  applications,  more  esp. 
to  close  one'i  eyes,  to  shut  one's  mouth,  mig 
mi'jizum'par  Ita^zin  to  have  one's  eyes 
immovably  fixed  upon  ZfeZ.;  ^iAopdd-mai 
ka  zum  bzin  S.g.  just  as  the  lotus-flower 
closes ;  vid-Jla  mi  zum^Hn  Wdn.  if  the  wound 
will  not  close;  Ka  zum  the  orifice  (of  the 
qrethra)  is  closed  Mng.  —  2.  to  wink,  prob. 


only  ^dzum-dzum  jh^'pa  and  W-&*.  — 
3.  to  smile,  rdb-tu  to  look  very  friendly 
Glr.;  sbst.  the  smile,  biom^ldar^JidS'lyizal 
^dzum^pa  dan  bidS'pai  sgd-nas  from  the 
portab  of  Buddha's  countenance  graced 
with  a  smile  Glr. ;  zal-jdzum  mdzdd-pa  resp. 
to  smile  Glr.]  bbin-gyi  Jizwm  the  smile  of 
the  countenance ;  adj.  smiling ;  sweet,  beaiifi* 

fui  Ma. 

Comp.  jdzvm-Ua  a  smiling  mouth;  Iha- 
mo  Jb^m-Ua-mo  a  smiling  goddess  MiL 
—  ^dzkmrhag-tan  (of  a  child)  sweetly  smil- 
ing MiL  —  ^dzumrUag^yi  C%.:  'a  SBule 
between  the  teeth,  a  sardonic  smile,  a  grin'; 
jdzummddns  a  smiling  air  C%.  —  Jzum- 
mul  or  "dmul  a  smile;  dsum-^M-gyu  kor 
a  smile  escaped  him  Glr.]  ^dzum-(d)miJrba 
to  smile.  —  ^dzum-mdd  frowning,  austere 
d.  —  ^dzum^^dzum  1.  the  winking.  2,  the 
smiling;  ^dzumHoan-wdn  Cs.:  smiling  look. 
Qjf;^-  o&ttr,  1.  sup.  of  Jlzur-ba.  2.  v.  the 

N3     following, 
nrfx -q-  Jbur-btty  p£  bzwr^  fut.  yzur^  imp, 

N©         zuTy  Cs.  ^zur-wa*  to  ghfO  or  Mke 
way,  lam^-nas)  to  step  aside;  to  keep  aloef 
MU. ;  IdS'la  ^dzur-ba  to  shun  work,  to  evade 
labour  Lex. 
Q^Qffl*  jizuJrba  1.  vb.  to  stip  in,  rtsorysA- 

\9         tu  between  the  grass  Thgy.,  tgor 
through  the  doorL^r.;  ^la^  cur  into  the 
water,  i.e.  to  dive.  —  2.  sbst  Sch.:  *a 
tippler'. 
(5R?|'  ^dztis  V.  ^dzihba. 

a|%Cr  o^^ff-P^y  p£  odzegs,  imp.  ^dzog,  ti 
*       ascend,  ri-la  frq.;  Hn-sdon-pO'la 
Glr. 
oifc'  o^n^  ^dzen-rdo  whsettone,  hone  Lex. 

gg^-q*  jizSn-ba  to  stick  or  jut  out,  to  pre- 

ject,  ta  be  prominent  Sch. 
oifc'CT  jdzidrpa^  pf  bzed^  fut.  yzed,  vulgo 
^  62^(i^  ♦^^a*  a,  ♦^AW^^  IT.,  to 
hold  out  or  forth,  Had  the  coat-tail^  mod  a 
vessel  DzL  (The  significations  given  by  Ci.: 
to  receive,  and  by  Sch.:  to  meet  with,  seem 
not  to  be  sufficiently  warranted.) 
(^Tzy  tA^ini'pa  to  shrink,  fa,  from,  to 
shun,  avoid,  mi-^ig^a-la  Glr.^  9dig- 


C#^-q-  ,dzir^a 


4B7 


g^'g^  rdzab-rdzih 


fa^la  firq.j  i^Maa^la  mi  ^dzSm-^pa  Ct.  in- 
Mnribte  to  ibame,  shameleia;  nddrriga-la- 
mi  ^dz^-na  unless  one  is  on  his  gaard 
ftgftinst  \he  seyeral  diseases;  also  to  feel 
ashtmed,  *«^'-?iaw-ia  mi  ^dzem-mam*  C.  do 
you  not  feel  abashed  in  our  presence  ?ods^»i- 
pa-^^an  ^da^'bag-^an  bashful,  modesf,  tem- 
perate Cb,;  Q(iz^m('^)'med('pa)  thecontrary; 
J^elr^dzSm  med^  Ck. 

QR^'^*  Jtzir-fa  V.  mdzir-pa. 

Pg^'^  ^dzer-ba  1.  te  say,  to  speak,  S^.  p 

57,  6,  obs.,  V.  zir-ba.  —  2.  to  be  hoarse, 
Jkir-po  hoarse,  skad  DzL,  Med.;  skad  ^dzer- 
jizir^u  riu-ba  to  weep  with  a  very  hoarse 
voice  Pth.  —  3.  to  solder  Sch. 

^^  od^o-sgra  MiU 

C^^CT  o<^^'P^>  pf-  ^oga^  fat.  btsog  to 
'      heap  together,  to  jumble,  to  throw 
dieorderty  together  Cs. 

1*  jagged,  pointed,  conicaf.  —  2. 
eMeng,  eyIbidHoat  6\ 

ng^/^-q*  ^dz6m($)'fa  to  come  together, 
to  meet,  *dzomtisdr-rama  tsar* 
are  they  already  assembled?  ddg-pa  mndn- 
dgai  Hn-Ueims  der  ^d^kol  jdzdm-jmr  ydon 
mi  za  that  we  shall  meet  again  in  the  realms 
of  pure  bliss,  that  is  certain  Mil,\  fsea  bho- 
Ind  dan  Jtz&ms^as  as  it  just  fell  upon  the 
15  th.  Qlr.\  ^dzam  mi  dzom^  W.  they  do  npot 
agree  with  each  other;  d^-mams  my^d^ar 
dkd^ste  mi  ^dzom  as  it  is  difficult  to  obtain 
these  things,  we  shall  not  be  able  to  get 
all  of  them  together  Gbr.;  ^dzdm-pa  m^*- 
pa  big  h/an  me^  C.  there  is  ftodmg  that 
does  not  find  ks  way  there,  that  is  not  to  be 
had  there;  to  be  plentffMl  M'Z.;as  partic.  with 
termin.  case:  rich  in^  aiboiifMlinf  MU.  —  ddl- 
JjyoT  ^dzdm-pai  im  Mil.  v.  ddJrba.  —  Kwn- 
jk6m  Srhere  all  m«et',  name  of  mountain- 
passes,  e.g.  between  Lh.  and  Sp,^  and  of 
females;  in  a  similar  manner  gan-jdzdm  and 
Jpyor^^dz6m  (*conflux  of  goods*).  —  ^dz6m- 
po  ridi  in  C,  rtsa-ht  ^dzdmrpo  abounding 
in  grass  and  water,  fertile  C;  mfarirrkyen 
Jlz4mr^  fortunate,  successful,  through  a 


favourable  eoneonrence  of  droamstances; 
<iOS''ma-JbiAm''po  variegated,  many-co- 
kmred. 

P^g^q.  jdzdl^a  fault,  error,  mietake,  di-la 
Jkdl'pa  ysum  byuh  be  fell  into 
three  mistakes,  commhted  three  errors  Glr. 
P^g|^_  ^dzH-ba  to  shake  about,  ti  ftir  or 
"^  ehake  up,  e.g.  a  feather-bed;  to 

confound,  to  confuse,  prin  gon-^og  jizol-ba 
to  deliver  a  message  confusedly,  making 
a  mess  of  it  G/r.;  W.:  "zoUcil  do-be*.  — 
\dzdl^fyo*  C,  "zol'ZdF'  W.  dffferofice. 
g^  rdzuy  W.  *za*f  1.  day,  gen.  rdzd^sa.  — 

2.  in  comp.  for  rdzd-ma^  e.g.  Mft-rdza 
beer-jug,  ^-rdza  water-pHcher  C%.  — 

Comp.  and  deriv.  rdza-k6r  earthen  bowl,  j 

little  dish.  —  rdza-Mn  pottery /8<?Ar.  —  ] 

rdza-Mn  clay -pit.  —  rdza-mlidn  potter, 
rdza-TiiUdn-gyi  JcSr-lo  skor-ba  to  turn  the 
potter's  wheel  Dom.  —  rdza-rnd  kettle- 
drum of  burnt  clay.  —  rdza-Mg  potsherd.  — 
rdza-'Su^  or  more  refined  rdza-Mby  water 
issuingfrom  clay-slate  rocks  MZ  and  elsewh. 

—  rdza-ISin  a  large,  rdza-Mn  a  little  pot, 
V.  rdzd-ma,  —  rdza^sndd,  rdza-spydd  eitrthen 
vessel.  —  rdza-pdg  tile,  (Dutch)  tile  for 

stoves.  —  rdza-jfdr  C\  ==  rdka-k&r.  —  rdza-  Tt^'i**^ 
bum  1.  pitcher,  jar,  botHe,  formed  of  clay. 
2.  jar,  in  gen.,  Uags-kgi  rdza-b&m  iron  jar 
jSlg^  —  rdzd'bo  an  earthen  vessel  Cs.  — 
rdzd-ma  pot  (unglazed,  urn-shaped,  belHed 
vessels  of  various  size,  not  foi*  cooking,  but 
only  for  holding  water,  butter  and  theBke). 

—  rdza-yi&A  earthen  basin.  — •  rdza^ri 
mountain  consisting  of  clay-slate.  —  rdza- 
sd  argillaceous  earth,  clay.  —  dza-brd^  C. 
*dzab-Tcf^^  W.  ^zab-ra*  a  mole-Kke  animal. 

g^  rdzd'ki  MU.^  for  dz6^%  yd-gi. 

gr*  rdzan  choet,  boX,  for  various  store  = 
^      bdn-ba  Thgy. 

gC^'^'  rdzdn-ba  v.  rdzdn-ba. 

g-q-  rdzab^  ^damrrdzdb,  mudy  mh*e(6i.  ctay); 
^     rdzab-ddh  sink,  oleugh. 
msveq'  rdzab-rdziib  sham^  emptiness,  fafee- 
N»      beod,  rmd'lam  rdzab^dzub-lan  an 
empty  dream  Cs. 


468 


g?r  rdzas 


e^  ^^^  ^'  thing,  matter,  object  (=  dnda- 
poLea.)^  rdzas  dkaraSr-por  mfon  white 
objects  appear  yellow  Lf.;  rdzoA  Ka-sdn 
ydd-pa  de^h  med  the  thing  of  yesterday 
is  to-day  no  more  MiL ;  miryUdh-bai  rdzas 
something  impure  Pth,;  natural  bodies,  sub- 
stances^ from  which  e.g.  medicines  are  pre- 
pared jS.^.;  materials,  requisites,  dd  rdzas 
requisites  for  this  purpose;  especially  for 
sacrifices,  sorceries  etc.,  hence  also  used 
as  identical  with  magic  agency  Wdn.\  remedy, 
smyo^id-'kyi  narcotic,  soporific  Glr, ;  oint- 
ment, V.  rkdn-pa  and  bobs;  rdzds-las  Jyyiin-- 
bai  bsdd^ams  Tar.  20, 9,  not :  merits  arising 
from  works  or  any  material  causes',  but: 
the  good,  the  blessing  accruing  from  a  right 
application  oirdg^as^  wonder-working  me- 
dicines, and  consisting  in  long  life  etc.,  with 
which  also  TrtgL  fol.20,b  is  in,  unison,  if 
the  Sanskrit  word  is  read  dzaiwatrikam; 
srog-rdzds  provisions,  victuals  Pih.;  in  the 
context  rdzas  is  also  found  standing  alone 
in  the  same  sense,  where  it  perh.  would 
be  more  correct  to  read  zas ;  mi-mdai  rdzas^ 
me-rdzds^  also  rdzas  slone^  gun-powder,  *dze' 
hU^  C.  cartridge-box,  ^dze-rrU^*  (a  gun) 
not  loaded  C.\  goods,  property,  rdzas  gan 
ydd'pa^mams  all  his  property  Mil,;  nor 
(dan)  rdzas  money  and  money's  worth  Mil. 
and  elsewh. ;  treasures,  jewels,  valuable  pro- 
ductions, rgyar-gdr-gyi  Glr.  —  2.  in  philo- 
sophy:  matter  Was.;  real  substance,  realities 
Was. 

g-  rdzif  W.  *z^y  1 .  wind,  rdzir^lM  id.,  also 
bs^''bu%  rluh-gi  rdzi  Do. ;  purrdzi^  or 
stodrrdzi  a  wind  blowing  down  the  valley, 
lun-  or  mdo-rdzi  blowing  up  the  valley; 
dri-rdzi  Idan  a  fragrant  breeze,  a  wind 
fraught  with  the  odours  of  flowers  is  blowing 
Stff.;  ^hdr-zi  ydh-na  ra^  W.  I  perceive 
an  east- wind  is  setting  in;  rdzi^Mr  heavy 
rain  with  wind,  rdzi-Mr  drdg-po  rain-storm 
Tar.  and  elsewh.;  *zi  niim-he  or  ts&r-ce* 
W.  to  smell,  sniff,  snuffle,  of  dogs.  —  2.  in 
comp.  for  rdzi-bOy  rdzt-ma.  —  3.  v.  zi. 
g>-q'  rdzi-bay  pf.  (J))rdzis^  fut.  brdzi^  imp. 
^  (bydzi(s\  W.,*zi'de*,  Pur.  *d^'cas* 
to  press,  to  knead,  dough;  to  tread,  to  beat 


^^  rdzA-ba 

(clay,  gyan  q.v.);  gdl-te  tsir-ma  brdzis^na 
if  I  should  tread  into  a  thorn  i>s^;  to  crush, 
a  worm;  to  oppress,  to  distress;  rdzi- mid 
Lea,,  Sch, :  'powerless',  but  stdbs-mams-la 
rdzt'ba-med-pa  Stg.  evidently  signifies:  of 
invincible  strength. 

^'if  rdzi 'bo  herdsman,  shepherd,  keeper, 
frq.;  also  rdziu  DzL;  rdzi^  a  male, 
rdzi-mo  a  female  keeper;  pyi$gs^rdzi  herds- 
man, yndg-rdzi  neat-herd,  gldn-rdzi  cow- 
keeper;  rd-rdzi  (^rdr-zi^  W.)  goat-herd; 
Uyi-rdzi  dog-feeder,  byd-rdzi  person  attend- 
ing to  the  poultry;  mi-rdzi  'guarder  of  man, 
a  god'  Cs.  yet  a  king  might  also  be  thus 
designated;  rdzp-skdr  shepherd's  hut  =  pu- 
lu.  Sch.  has  besides:  dpe-rdzi  index,  re- 
gister. 

S-jr  rdzi -ma  (vulgo  ""zi-ma*)  eye-lashes 
(the  eye-lashes  of  Buddha  are  some- 
times compared  to  those  of  a  cow). 
g^gn'g'm'  rdzig-rdzig^  with  ^tan-wa*  C,  tO 

'      '   address  harshly,  to  fly  at 
&r'  rdzin  pond,  gen.  rdzin-bu  e.g.  for 

bathing  2)2:2.;  v.  also  skyiHa;  rdzin- 
po  or  -8^  a  large  pond  Cs. 
P^%r  rdzinSy   gru-rdzins  Lty  gen.  yzins 
ship,  ferry. 

rdziu  1.  for  rdzi-bo.  —  2.  fin  Of  a  fish 

Sch. 

ff'fl'  rdzit-bay  pf.  (bytdzuSy  fut.  brdzUy  imp. 
N9  (b)rdzu(s)  to  give  a  deceptive  repre- 
sentation, '  to  make  a  thing  appear  different 
from  what  it  is  (cf.  sprid-bct)^  with  tennin. 
case  to  change  into,  also  to  change  (one's 
self),  to  be  changed,  srin-por  to  change  into 
a  Rakshasa  Zam.\  to  disguise  one's  self, 
mdl^yyor-par  as  a  mendicant  friar;  rdzits- 
te  skyd'ba  v.  sky^ba;  yig-rdzu  a  letter  filled 
with  falsehoods,  a  lying  epistle  MiL  nt ;  la- 
ru  rdziirbai  rgyi^-ma  entrails  feigning  to 
be  flesh,  looking  like  flesh  Mil.\  rdzu-^prvl 
(Ssk.  ^int^)  delusion,  miraculous  appearances, 
transformations,8e<in-pa  toproducesuch,  J^- 
pa  to  destroy  the  illusion,  e.g.  by  seeing 
through  it  MiL;  rdzu-^pHd-gyi  mfUy  or 
stobs  witchcraft,  magic;  rdzu^^prtU-bangiiiei 
with  magic  power  Thgy.  rdzu-^prtd  is  the 
highest  manifestation  of  the  acquired  moral 


r^' 


5^  rdzun 


S^H  rdzdb-po 


469 


perfection,  that  is  known  to  Buddhism; 
there  is^  however,  an  essential  difference 
between  it  and  the  miracles  of  holy  writ, 
the  former  bearing  the  stamp  of  non-reality 
and  mere  appearance,  as  is  not  only  im- 
plied by  the  name,  but  also  universally 
acknowledged ;  and  it  differs  again  from  ?o- 
oprul^  in  as  much  as  the  latter  requires  the 
help  of  natural  magic  (jugglery),  or  of  de- 
moniacal influences,  and  never  can  be  pro- 
duced, like  rdzu  '  ^^pruly  at  the  pleasure  of 
the  saint  by  his  own  immanent  power.  Yet 
there  is  no  doubt  that  the  term  ^o-^prul 
is  also  often  used  in  connection  with  rdzv^ 
oprtd^  and  as  identical  with  it;  v.  DzL  2^ 
and  V0. 

•  5'<3r  ^^^^^  ^'  *^^w*^  W'  *zun*y  Pur,  *rdzun*y 
>o>  also  brdzun  untruthful  speech,  falsehood, 
Hie,  fiction,  fable;  rdzun -fsig^  id.;  mi-bden 
rdzun  that  is  falsehood  and  not  truth  Glr, ; 
rdzun'Smrd-ba,  resp.  ys^n-ba  B,,  byid-pa 
B,,  C,  "zh-'he*  W,  to  lie,  rgydUm-maim- 
kyia  rdzun  ysun-ba  mi  srid  it  is  impossible 
that  Buddhas  should  he;  to  tell  tales,  tO 
make  believe,  to  impose  upon;  *zun  yin*  W. 
you  are  not  in  earnest,  you  only  want  to 
quiz  me;  *zun  gydb-be*  W.  to  lie,  to  act 
the  hypocrite;  *mi  he  zun  gyab*  W,  to  feign, 
to  pretend  ignorance,  to  disown  a  person 
or  thing,  *mi  tsor  zun  gyab*  W.  he  pretends 
not  to  hear  it.  —  rdzun -^Urdb  Sch.:  *an 
adroit  liar  and  deceiver'.  —  rdzun-^na  1. 
=  rdzun  Dzl,  2.  liar  Mil,  —  ^zim-yag-ban* 
W,  clown,  buffoon,  merry  Andrew. 
^q*  ^^^  deceit,  imposture  L^.,  byM-pa 
^  to  make  a  false  assertion  Tar, ;  cf.  rdzab- 
rdzub, 

B^Sy  "rdzus-ma  something  counterfeit, 
^  feigned,  dissembled,  rdziis-Tnai^dn- 
po  a  disguised  beggar  Glr, 

rdz^ba  pf.  (byrdzes,  fut.  brdze^  imp. 

{b)rdze(s)  W.  'z^-d^,  1.  to  tuck  up, 
truss  up,  clothes;  to  cock,  a  hat;  to  turn  up, 
the  upper-lip  Wdii. ;  skt^a  gy4n^u  brdz^s-pa 
the  hair  bristUng  Do. ;  *so  or  c^-wa  z^-de* 
W.  to  show  one's  teeth,  to  grin.  —  2.  to 
threaten  Cs. 

rdziu  dimin.  of  rdzd-Tna^  a  small  pot, 

pipkin. 


g-q- 


^(^'  rdzog(8)f  fist,  also  *dzog^t*  C. 

^m-^  rdzoga-pa  1.  vb.  to  be  finished,  to 
'  be  at  an  end,  to  terminate  (Lea.  = 
zin  -pa)y  lam  rdzdgs  -  pai  m^sdms  -  su  just 
where  the  road  terminates  Mil.;  ^dd-wa 
zog-^e*  W,  as  the  month  has  expired;  1- 
rufi-tiyuUtso  zogson*  W.  here  the  villages 
of  Spiti  have  an  end;  mdzdd-pa  ydns-su 
rcfed^s-nos  having  accomplished  all  his  deeds 
Glr.  ;)i'ltar  smon^a  bkin'duyonsrdzdgs-pas 
all  prayers  and  wishes  being  fully  realized 
Dzl,;  yons-su  rdzdgs-par  fsdr-te  when  the 
whole  (of  the  building)  was  completed  Glr. 

—  2.  adj.  perfect,  complete,  blameless,  *gd' 
lo  zog  dug*  W.  the  body  (of  this  horse)  is 
without  fault;  stdn-pa  ddg-par  rdzdgs-pai 
sans-rgyds  the  most  perfect  teacher,  Bud- 
dha Glr, ;  so  in  a  similar  manner  rdzoga 
{rpaybSn{-po);  also  yi-^es  ydm-m  rdzdgs- 
pa  is  an  appellation  of  Buddha.  —  rdzdgs- 
par  adv.  perfectly,  completely,  fully  (cf.  IMg- 
par)y  bsnydd-pa  to  report  circumstantially 
Dzl,^  ydams-ndg  yndn-ba  to  counsel  well 
Mil,]  rdzogs-par  hh-pa  Hg  one  thoroughly 
conversant  Mil, ;  rdzdgs-par  bsldb-pa  to  learn 
thoroughly  Mil,  —  bsny&n-par  rdzdgs-pa 
or  bsnyen-rdzdgs  mdzdd-pa  to  ordain,  v. 
bsny^n-pa,  — 

Comp.  rdzogs-lddn  v.  dus  6.  —  rdzogs- 
tsig  V.  sldr-sdu-ba,  —  ^dzog-yiJ^  C,  obei- 
sance to  Chinese  officers,  in  a  kneeling 
posture.  —  rdzogsrim  v.  sub  sky^d-pa. 
^/^- rdzon(s\  \,(C, vulgo  ^djsmm*) castle, 
fortress ;  rdzdn-dpon  lord  or  governor 
of  a  castle,  commander  of  a  fortress ;  *dzon- 
kyil^  C,y  *zon-Un*  W,  letter-post  from  one 
nobleman's  seat  to  another.  —  2.  the  act 
of  accompanying,  escorting,  ^debs-pa  to  ac- 
company, to  escort  Dzl^  fee  for  safe-conduct, 
travelling-present;  dowry,  ty^c^pa  to  bestow. 
gr'fl'  rdzdn-bai^i,  (b)rdzan{s)^  fut.  (b)rdzan 
to  send,  to  dispatch,  presents,  am- 
bassadors; to  expedite,  send  off,  dismiss;  to 
give  to  take  along  with.  —  dbugs  rdzdh-ba 
shortness  of  breath,  asthma  TA^.and  elsewh. 
Vhif  j(r  rdzdb-poy  -mo^  1.  vain,  empty, 
'         spurious,  void ;  kun-rdzdb  v.  kun. 

—  2.  vain,  fond  of  dress  W. 


470 


^ 


wa 


•a 


g 


^  iwa 


qtwal.  the  letter  w,  which  occurs  bat 
^  rarely,  and  only  as  an  initial,  yet  it  is 
a  true  Tibetan  letter,  the  SsL  i^  being  gen. 
represented  by  ^,  and  as  second  constituent 
of  a  double  consonant  denoted  by  ***  (called 
wa-zitT  angular  or  small  wa)'^  the  pronun- 
ciation in  general  is  the  same  as  that  of 
the  English  w.  —  2.  num.  fig.:  20. 
qr  wa\,  water-channel,  gutter,  gen.  of  wood 
^  (Cs.  also:  trough);  wa-Ua  Lea.  id.,  Cs.; 
wa-mbu  spoilt,  Rp,  or  beak  of  vessels.  — 
2.  fox  (the  name  corresponding  to  the  sound 
of  barking)  Dzl.^  vulgo  wa-tsd;  wa  brgyal 
the  fox  yelps  Sch,  The  fox  is  the  riding- 
beast  of  the  goblins;  whenever  his  barking 
is  heard,  it  is  in  consequence  of  his  re- 
ceiving lashes  from  his  rider.  —  wa^ky^ 
fox-bom  Cs.  —  wa-grd  a  bluish  fox,  gro- 
gr6  a  gray  fox  Sch.  —  wa-rgdn  an  oM  fox, 
a  knave  C«.  —  wa-ld^b  fox-trap  W.  —  wa- 
ndg  a  blackish  fox  Sch.  —  wa-lpdgs  fox's 
skin.  —  waspyan  MU  y  wd-^ma-spyan  Cs. 
jackall.  —  worffug  young  fox,  cub.  —  wd- 
mo  she-fox.  —  wa-t^an  fox-hole.  —  wa- 
rog  black  fox  Sch.  —  wa-tswd  a  kind  of 
salt  S.g.  —  3.  n.  of  a  lunar  mansion,  v.  rgyu- 


skdr.  —  4.  warl6g-pa  to  perferai 
Sch.  —  5.  W.  ho!  calling  for  one. 
^'^'^,  or  ^,    q-^a^  tra^a^a-for 

Banaras,  a  city  in  the  valley  of  the  Ganges, 
firq.  mentioned  in  legends,  as  a  residence 
of  Buddha,  at  the  present  time  a  principal 
seat  of  Brahmanism. 

plain,  worUr  drdiv-pa  to  recollect  distinctly 
Cs.'j  yidr-la  floating  distinctly  before  ones 
mind  Lex.;  don  wa-U  gym  try  to  gain  a 
clear  understanding  of  the  sense  of  it  Ui.\ 
also  skad^dl  ==  irnp^C?). 

Q'^T  wor-si  a  kind  of  apples  Sch. 

<2'  tvi  num  fig. :  50. 

^  wu  num  fig.:  80. 

<2r^  vm-rdo  pvmice  stone  S(Ji. 

^  we  num.  fig.:  110. 

^  wo  num.  fig. :  140. 


^ 


>a  Sa,  1.  a  letter  of  the  alphabet,  repre- 
*  sented  by  if,  originally,  and  in  the  fron- 
tier-provinces to  the  present  day,  the  soft 
sibilant,  which  is  pronounced  like  j  in 
French,  or  like  the  English  s  in  leisure, 
(^A),  (stiU  more  accurately  like  the  Polish 
z  in  zima);  in  C.  it  differs  now  from  ^ 


only  by  the  following  vowel  being  deep- 
toned.  —  2.  numerical  figure:  21. 
^.  j-.^  iway  zwa-moy  resp.  dbu-hnfOj  a 
<i'  <  covering  of  the  head,  bat,  eap; 
fig.  na  yig  «d-yt  hodman  the  letter  C  haying 
?^  for  a  cap:  ^  Zam.;  hjoag^nrfo^  g^ 
jm  lo  put  the  cap  on,  Jb^td-pa  to  tike  H  ^ 


^f  zd-^njfe 


^ 


R-Cr  iAn^a 


Qn  Ti.  by  way  of  salutation);  rgya-^  bod-^ 
fog-hca  Chinese,  Tibetan,  Mongolian  cap; 
dgun-iwa  winter-ci^,  dbyar^hjoa  summer- 
hat  QiXf^t  felt-hats  adapted  to  the  warmer 
season);  pyin-iwa  hat  or  cap  made  of  felt; 
worhoa  cap  made  of  the  fur  of  a  fox.  — 
bca-dkar^  -ndg^  -dmdr^  -«^  white,  black, 
red,  yellow  cap,  denoting  occasionally  also 
the  wearers  of  such  caps,  esp.  red-caps  and 
yellow-caps  y  as  belonging  to  different  La- 
ma-sects —  hca'/fdbs  the  covering  of  a  hot 
Cs.  —  iwa-tog  top  ornament  of  a  hat  C«., 
prob.  a  button,  v.  tog.  —  hjoc^yzdl  brim, 
hioa-ri  crown  of  a  hat  Ci.,  in  Ltd.  however 
ri  denotes  the  brim  or  flap.  —  Schl  p.  171 
calls  a  low  conical  cap  of  the  Chief  Lama 
nirfoT^ia. 

(S-S-  Qp  ffl-5^  id'fiye  or  id-ne,  also  rd-nye  Cs., 
'^  '  '  lead,  id-nyei  yUn-rdo  souniini- 
lead,  piirnimet  Fth.\  ia-m/e-rdd  lead-ore  Cs.; 
zd-nyei  his  sbydr-ba  to  fill  up  (a  groove 
or  juncture)  with  molten  lead  Glr.\  id-nye 
dkdr-po  C,  tin,  also  ha-dkdr^  yia-  or  b^or 
dkdr;  id-nye  ndg~po  lead,  (Cs/s  Vhite  lead 
and  black  lead'  seem  to  be  a  mere  con- 
jecture) ;  ia^dg  (tin-foil  Sch.  (?)),  thin  plates 
of  lead. 

M-ba  lame;  lameness;  gen.  id-bo  lame, 
halting;  a  lame  person,  cripple,  B.  and 
col.;  id-^mo  fem.;  *id^wo  bo  dttg^  W.  he  is 
lame,  he  limps;  rkdn-  or  Idg-ia-ian  having 
a  lame  foot  or  hand. 

ia-JMn  v.  iabs  extr. 
S'GT  id'la  Glr.  and  vulgo,  v.  icJrba. 

ffg'  id'lu  cup,  bowl,  —for-fa^  ko-re  Cs, 

aroTzr  id-lu-pa,  id-lu  Uts-fsa-ba  or  h-cin 
'  n.  of  the  author  of  a  little  glossary, 

called  Zaroatog. 

hig  1.  Idg-pa  (only  Schr.y  6i.),  ^zdg- 
po*  W,  *hdg-fna*  Lt^  W,y  resp.  dgun- 
idg  a  day,  the  time  from  one  sun-rise  to 
another  (cf.  on  the  other  hand  nyi-^ma  2); 
iageigg,  day,  and  adv  :  once  day,  once;*i;a$r 
big*ffi  idg-la*  W.  is  also  used  of  a  future 
day:  *iag  dig  de  dui  lebyin*  W.  once  the 
time  will  come;  i<ig  ^a^na»  after  a  few 


days  Mil,\  zag  dtirma  Un-^ar  after  many 
days  DzL ;  na  dirfin  nd-nin  Ub-hag*  W.  this 
is  the  day  of  our  arrival  a  year  ago;  *(fe- 
iag*  W,  lately,  the  other  day,  a  short  time 
ago;  *ddn'lwf  W.  yesterday;  recently ,  'dd^- 
zag  zd-nyi-^ma*  W.  last  Sunday;  ^ndn-za^ 
W.  some  time  ago,  *ndn^hag  atonrka*  W. 
last  autunm;  ^Udrsan-^zag*  W,  the  day  be- 
fore yesterday;  idg-nas  idg-tu  from  day  to 
day;  "idg-dan^-iag)*  W.  every  day,  always; 
hag  bdun  seven  days,  lag-bdun-prdg  a  week, 
zag^unrjffrdg  ie^gydd  forty-eight  weeks 
Thgy.  —  iag^dm  the  date,  *ictg-ddn  gydb- 
b^  W.  to  date.  —  iag-mdl  a  station,  day's 
journey,  quarters  Ob.,  Mgsa  id.  Ct.  —  ^iag- 
zdh*  W.  holiday.  —  2.  fat,  grease,  in  a  liquid 
state,  =  fsiUKu  S.g. ;  also  melted  and  con- 
gealed again  W.;  fig.  the  fat  of  the  country, 
fertility,  yul-la  iag  med  the  country  is  barren 
Jkfa.;  idg^ban  greasy,  oily,  iag^mid  le^n; 
hag-^p&ir  a  <5up,  vessel,  for  grease  Ck.  —  3. 
fog,  smoke,  dry  vapour,  filling  the  atmosphere 
in  autumn. 
jaqm-q-  hags -pa  leash,  rope  with  a  noose, 

'  '  e.g.  for  catching  wild  horses,  iro^- 

fdg  Ca ,  iaga-'dbyug  Sch.  id.,  rgydb-pa  Ci., 
pen  pa  Sch.  to  throw  the  noose;  zags-pMy 
zaga-tag-gis  ^dzin-pa  frq.  fig.,  as  Schl.  213; 
abrulridga  noose  consisting  of  a  serpent,  for 
catching  any  hurtful  creature  &Zr.;  frq.  as 
an  fkttribute  of  the  gods. 
^r^(if\  idni-po),  vulgo  a-ian^  unclo  by  the 

'  ^  mother's  side,  mother's  brother,  i:a/i- 
brgyfkd  his  offspring  O.;  hm-ny&n  in  a 
gen.  sense,  relations  by  the  mother  s  side 
Dom. ;  ian-fsd  sister's  son.  —  faa-idn^  resp. 
dbon-idn  1.  nephew  and  uncle,  by  the  moth- 
er's side,  also  applied  to  spiritual  brother- 
hood Mil.  —  2.  son-in-law  and  brother-in- 
law  Glr. 
(SC*^'  ^^"^^^  ^^^-  seems  to  be  a  kind 

•^ ^^   of  titie  given  to  a  minister  (or  ma- 
gistrate). a^»T>^^- ^Ujioj^^,  ^(a*^  • 
(S/ycsC^  ikm-j^fi  ancient  n.  of  the  province 
^^T  of  6uge  Glr. 
(Sarn"  idn-pa  weak,  feeble,  frq.,  the  opp.  to 

'  ^       drdg^po;  na)i-Uar  ian  yon  as  weak, 
as  miserable  as  I  am  (says  a  cripple)  Pth.; 


-    Y  ^  *,  - 
Vv.  "  !    r. 


472 


iabs 


^^M^. 


Kams  idn^a  Mil.  of  a  y/eak  body,  of  deli- 
cate health;  also  applied  to  sounds,  accent 
and  the  like;  cf.  nd^ro;  ugly  opp.  to  %a- 
pa,  V.  skye-sgo. 

Aq«r  i^abs  1 .  bottom  of  a  lake,  of  a  vessel  DzL^ 
'  MU.\  lower  end  of  a  sis^S  Mil. ;  for 
under  in  compounds,  as  mna-idbs  q.v.  — 
2.  resp.  for  rkdn-pa  foot,  mi  ^-gi  habs-la 
^dud-pa  Cs.y  mffd-ios  btiig-pa  56.,  ^o  by^d- 
pa  Cs,  to  bow  down  at  another  person's  feet, 
to  touch  them  with  one's  head,  to  kiss  them; 
iaba  dritn-du  c.  genit  to  the  feet  of . . .,  for 
to...,  in  directions  of  letters;  iahs  r^ht- 
par  barefooted,  e.g.  jr^gs-pa  Mil,;  iabs 
^degs-pa  Sch.  to  help,  prob.  =  iahs-tdg  byid- 
pa  V.  below;  iabs  JSdg-pa  =  Jidg-pa  II.  — 
Comp.  For  the  most  part  they  are  the 
same  as  those  of  rkdn-pa;  there  are  to  be 
mentioned  more  especially:  idbs-kyu  1.  spur 
C8.(?),  2.n.of  the  vowel-sign  n?  for  u  Gram. 
—  idbs-mgo  Tar.  point  of  the  foot  Schf.  — 
iaba-sgrdg  garter  Cs.  —  zabs-bddgs  Sch.y  1. 
partic.  of  iabs-Jlag-pa.  2.  «=  idbs-'idgs.  3. 
grounds,  territory,  —  iab8'}!dg(8),  -pydgs, 
resp.  shoe,  boot.  —  hibs-fdg  \.  service  ren- 
dered to  superiors,  esp.  to  priests,  convents 
etc.,  by  the  erection  of  buildings,  or  keep- 
ing them  in  repair,  or  by  any  aid  or  work 
done  in  their  behalf;  Jkd-bai  zabs-tdg  or 
hahs-tog  alone:  distribution  of  victuals,  iahs- 
tdg  bzdn-po  ptU  he  placed  dainty  food  be- 
fore him  MU. ;  kabs-tdg  ^o  mi  brgydlrba  Jbul 
we  shall  provide  you  with  every  thing,  so  that 
you  shall  not  suffer  want  Jl/eZ. ;  iabs-tdg  byid-. 
pa  a.  to  render  such  services  b.  to  feed,  treat, 
provide,  offer,  Glr.  and  elsewh.  2.  =  hab^ 
tdg-pa  1 .  servant,  regularly  employed  in  mo- 
nasteries, by  Lamas  etc.,  an  official,  rgydl- 
poi  shu-ysun-tugs-kyi  kabs-tdg  royal  page, 
Glr.  2.  dispenser,  benefactor  iabs-tdg-ma 
fern.  —  labs-rUn  heel.  —  kabs-rt^  1.  foot- 
stool (k.  2.  boot  Sch.  —  zabs'jdrhi  shame, 
disgrace,  from  mii  ^abs  ^drhwpa  to  bring 
shame  upon  another,  to  be  a  disgrace  to  him, 
e.g.  a  child  proving  a  disgrace  to  his  pa- 
rents, by  a  dissolute  life,  disrespectful  de- 
portment etc.  Thgy.  ^abs-rdul  dust  on  one's 
feet  Cs.  —  iabs-pdd  lit.:  'a  padma  below 


^  ial 

the  foot',  seems  to  be  an  attribute  of  di- 
vine persons,  but  sometimes  nothing  more 
than  a  high-sounding  complimental  expres- 
sion for  *foot';  byin-pa  ^e-na-ya  ^dra  iabs- 
pad  Jbur  his  leg  displays  a  calf  like  that 
of  Enaya/tt.;  2:a6s-j?arf-Za,Zam.init.,  seems 
to  stand  like  labs  drun-du,  so  also  zabs- 
pad  Kri  drun-du^  in  letters;  mii  ^abs-pad 
sthir-pa  Tar.y  fig.  for  zabs-fdg  bySd-pa  tO 
serve;  to  be  a  scholar,  pupil  Schf.  —  idbs- 
pyi  servant  (male  or  female),  in  the  widest 
sense  of  the  word,  servant  to  an  individual, 
as  well  as  a  minister  of  the  state  or  the 
church,  only  that  the  latter  service  is  al- 
ways referred  by  an  Asiatic  to  the  'person' 
of  the  king  or  priest;  collectively:  retinue  ; 
occasionally  also  to  be  understood  as  an 
attending,  a  waiting  on,  thus:  r)i^  idbs-pyi 
^an^  we  will  vie  with  one  another  in  our 
attending  the  lord  Glr.;  idbs-pyir  Jbrdn-ba^ 
Mbs'Jbran-ba  or  Jbrin-ba  to  follow  as  a 
servant,'  ^Lam-JyTini^-pd)  Do.,  zam^rih  Oj., 
ha-Jbrin  Sch.  servant.  —  zabs-brdy  iioba-bro 
mdzdd-pa  to  dance  ScA.  —  zabs^mki  drawers, 
under-petticoat.  —  iabs-sSn  nail  of  the  toe 
Sch.  —  zabs-bsil  water  for  washing  an 
honoured  person's  feet  —  iabs^lhdm  « 
zah8'idg.<^^^[^^'N  C  .  |»*^«.,>U^o^ou^. 

/MTX'  zdm-hi  Sch.:  *the  scum  reft  by  the 

'  ^  evaporation  of  water' (?);  *zdm^c€* 
W.  to  take  off,  Ibu-ba  the  froth,  scum;  yet 
cf  .  yzdm-pa. 

(a^'^'H*  idm^me-ba  being  plentiful,  abound- 
^  ing  in  Mil. 

(cj^'fl*  idr-ba^  fem.  ma^  1.  =  yan  lag  ma 

<  fsan  being  not  in  full  possession  of 
one's  members,  mig-idr  one-eyed,  half  or 
totally  blind;  lag-Mr  having  only  one  hand, 
being  lame  in  one  or  both  hands;  so  in  a 
similar  manner  rkan-zdr.  —  2.  (—  miig-idr) 
C,  W.  blind,  rarely  in  B.  —  ""har-te^  {har- 
Itas)  the  winking  with  one  eye  C. 
^q-  iar4a^  Schr.  Hollowing,  succeeding', 

'         prob.  =  idr-hiy  q.v. 
^Q^  ial  resp.  f or  *a  1.  mouth  2.  fice,  COUn- 

'  tenance  idl^u  ysdl-ba,  W.  *hdUla  rag- 
c«*,  to  eat,  to  drink;  ^tsd-big  zdl-la  raf  or 
*ial  -  rdg  dzod^  please  to  take  some  . .  ^ 


(5|GI'  hal 

rgyalrfoi  idl-nas  ymns  the  king  spoke  Glr. 
frq.;  ^Irgyi  s^o  the  door  of  the  face,  the 
moath  (cf.  also  ^dzum-pa);  idl-la  mi  nydn- 
pa  Glr,  to  be  disobedient;  hdl-gyis  bk^pa 
Glr.  or  ^^^ba  Sch,  to  promise,  and  other 
significations  of  i'as  Un^a^  e.g.  to  accept 
Tar.  126,  10;  zal  bgrdd-^a  and  yddh-ba  to 
gape  Sch.^  J>y^d-pa  to  open  the  mouthy  ial 
^dzum^a  to  smile;  with  lid-ba  1.  hiUla 
Itd-ba,  e.g.  cos  smrd-bai  to  watch  the  mouth 
of  the  preacher,  to  hang  on  his  lips  Pth.; 
in  a  similar  manner:  gis-pai  shns-kyis  nd- 
yi  idl-la  Ita  Pth.  ?.  ial  Itd-ba,  idl-lta 
byed-pa  to  serve  (v.  Ml-ta)^  kal  yan  Hyid- 
la  Ita  rniddrpa  yan  l^^la  Jml  they  serve 
you  and  honour  you  Glr,;  hdUltorru  byun 
he  came  to  serve  him  Mil. ;  ial  yddma-pa 
to  bid,  order,  exhort  Glr,;  lal  ddn-pa  to 
pronounce,  to  deliver,  state,  report;  zal  nydU 
ba  MU.  to  visit,  to  come  to  see;  zal  mfdn-ba 
to  see  a  person's  face  Tar,;  *in  order  to  at- 
tain the  highest  dnos-grub^  one  must  shns- 
kyi  ran-zdl  mfdn-bd,  and  in  order  to  be 
able  to  do  this,  one  must  penetrate  into  the 
Buddhist  doctrine'  —  thus  MU.  teaches  a 
Bonpa;  ^yis  hal  mfdn^bao  afterwards  his 
fietce  was  seen,  he  made  his  appearance  Tar,\ 
hxlr-yzigs-pa  v.  sbst.  zalr-yzig, 

Comp.  For  the  most  part  expressions 
of  civility:  iaUkdr^  resp.  for  A^ar-ydZ  plates 
and  drinking-vessels.  —  ial-dkyil  face  Cs, 

—  iaUbkdd  order,  ordinance  Sch,(^),  — 
halskom^  ialskydms  drink.  —  kal-skytn  Glr. 
countenance.  —  ial-skydgs  cup,  goblet  Mil, 

—  hal-K^bs  cover  of  an  image  of  Buddha 
Sch,  —  ial'lcrid  oral  or  personal  instruc- 
tion JtAY.  —  hal'^Kan  biting  words  of  a 
superior  {Sch,  prob.  not  quite  correct).  — 
*ial'^d*  (rgyaf  brgya)  *)he^-pa  or  ii-pa* 
to  promise  C.  —  zaWgydn  mustaches  C.  — 
ial'hd  1.  =»  nOy  hal-nd  ndg-par  bhigs  he 
was  sitting  there  with  a  mournful  face  Glr. 
2,  tsogs-ien-iial'nd  title  of  the  chief-justices 
of  the  great  monasteries  of  Sera^  Gadan 
and  Depung.  3 .  Sch, :  'ial-no  or  nor  (?),  noble 
sons,  princes'  (?)  —  zal-dnds  bodily,  in  one's 
own  body  or  person,  sans-rgyds  hal'dnda" 
kyi  Jiruns-yul  Pth,^  the  place  where  Bud- 


(Spj-  lal 


/W*»^*-^'C 


473 


dha  was  born  bodily;  hd-dhd^-^m  tr^dhbat 
yod  Glr^  he  is  bodily  Ho  be  seen.  ^  zal- 
sna  Cs,  —  spyan-sna.  —  ial-bol  resp.  for  'ar- 
ddl  handkerchief,  napkin  C,  —  l(a/-?ad  v, 
Ua-fdd,  —  iaUajL,  zal-'idb  Schr,,  Cs.  spittle, 
saliva.  —  ial-mcu  lip,  v.  I^a-nniit.  —  zal- 
M  judgment,  decision;  des  Jtrbu-cag-yi  iaU 
^  yidd  ^  do  he  shall  pass  s^ntcAce  on  us 
Dzl  ^>S?,  15,  and  elsewh.  (the  text  olScK 
is  not  quite  correct);  zal-^e  biu-drug-pa 
and  bdu-ysinnrpa  '(the  code)  with  the  16  and 
that  with  the  13  judgments';  these  are  twQ 
distinct  bodies  of  law,  both  of  them  in  C  of 
standard  authority;  zal-^-pa  judge  Dzl.  -^ 
ital-'lims  v.  '(ems  2.  —  zal-nyod  favourite 
dish  Sch,  —  Mhta  1.  also  idl-lta  a.  SOrvio^ 
turn.  b.  inspection,  visitation,  revision;  kdl- 
ta  byidrpa  a.  to  ^MN%  b.  to  inspect,  reviev^, 
superintend;  to  visit,  the  poor,  the  sick  and 
to  take  care  of  them;  to  guard,  ^-la  the 
field.  2.  resp.  for  Ud-ta^  Ma-y^idms  direction, 
instruction,  counsel,  advice,  zdl-ta  iib^gyds 
zu-ba  to  ask  for  accurate  and  detailed  in- 
structions Mil.]  icd-ta-pa  =  sA?M-wd«i»-^a, 
3:di«-j?^*  waiting^man,  valetrde-chambre  61, 
Tar.  56,2:  servant  in  a  convent;  more  frq. 
fem.,  2:dZ-to-7mi  waiting-woman,  lady'smaid, 
chamber-maid.  —  ial-yddms  instruction,  ad* 
vice,  ^ig-rUvrla  dyds-^ai  zal-yddms  y^uns- 
so  he  imparted  to  her  useful  maxims  6/r.; 
order,  command  Glr.  (v.  above);  also,  zal^ 
yddms  bris-mk^an  author,  in  as  much  as  all 
printed  books  are  considered  to  be  sacred, 
and  the  authors  generally  are  Lamas,  whose 
words  are  looked  upon  as  divine.  —  kal-'. 
yddn  countenance,  —  hal-bddg  in  large  re- 
ligious meetings  a  Lama^  who  walks  about 
with  a  wand  in  order  to  preserve  good 
order,  a  verger.  —  hat-^d^  a  free-will 
offering  or  present  Cs.  —  ^l-^dgs  lip.  — 
lal-jyis  resp.  napkin.  —  iaUbdd  (or  padt) 
C.  chief  overseer,  superintendent  —  hal-bydn 
title,  superscription,  inscription.  —  haUfsdm 
(for  og-fsdm)  Pth,  beard.  —  zal-fsds  Shh, 
(Cs,  ial-fsus)  =  ial'Zds  Dzl,  food.  —  ial- 
zdg  tobacco-pipe,  v.  gan-zag,  —  icU-yzigs 

1.  looking  with  the  face,  ttor,  southward  Qir, 

2.  apparition,  ial-yzigs  fdb-pa  to  see  an  ap- 


(^'^ 


>.      30* 


K^  UrMA-,<ry^^^Ot'<^ 


474 


^•q-  h'iUa 


§'Sr  hirma 


parition,  bhugs-par  ial-yzigs-sin  appearing 
in  a  sitting  posture  Mil.  nt  (cf.  spyan-rds). 
—  zaUsrd  Tar.  76,  12,  Sch/.:  the  art  of 
consecrating,  e.g.  a  temple. 
aprn'  ^^i'ba  I.  sbst.,  also  zal,  zd-la^  zal- 
'  rUa  or  -rdza  Sch.  clay,  lime-floor, 
Lex.: iah-ba  =  skydn-nul;  mfil-gyiM'laGlr. 
clay,  cement  of  a  floor,  cf.  ar-ga]  plastering, 
rough-cast,  sgo-la  ^al  bgyis-te  plastering  the 
door  with  clay  Glr.,  also  applied  to  the 
anointing  of  sacrificial  objects  with  butter 
Mil.  —  II.  vb.  to  serve  up  food,  to  spread 
a  repast.&A.  (^^^-q^M-c^/Z^lii^c^^An  I 

§'  zi  num.  fig.:  51.  ^  ' 

g^a^  ^gil  chaff  and  other  impurities  re- 
'  '  moved  from  the  grain  by  washing. 
^•q*  bi'ba,  Ssk.  jpi,  to  become  quiet,  calm, 
'  to  abate,  to  subside ;  to  settle,  of  a  swell- 
ing W.;  to  be  allayed,  of  passion,  malice  etc. 
Glr.',  to  be  appeased,  relieved,  to  cease,  of 
pain,  quarrels,  intoxication,  maladies  etc. 
Glr.  and  elsewh.;  to  be  atoned,  blotted  out, 
of  sins  Tar.;  zi-bar  ^gyiir-ba  B.,  *zi  cd-^e* 
W.^  id.;  Va,  h*o  ^  san*  W,  the  drunken 
fit,  the  paroxysm  of  passion  has  passed 
over;  zi-la  son  (the  hobgoblins)  became 
quiet,  held  their  peace  Mil. ;  ki-bar  byid-pa 
to  still,  sooth,  appease,  mitigate,  *zi  hig-ce* 
W. ;  zi'byed  a  composing  draught,  %ipnf 
Wise  130;  more  particularly  with  reference 
to  the  affections:  to  be  dispassionate,  not 
subject  to  any  mental  emotion,  zi-ba  cdn-par 
^gyur  he  is  getting  very  free  from  passion 
Do.,  V.  below  li-ynds;  also  sbst.  tranquillity, 
calmness,  and  adj.  tranquil,  calm,  U-ba  dan 
bde-UgS'Su  ^^gyiir-bar  mdzdd-du  ysol  permit 
us  to  attain  to  peace  and  happiness  Dow.; 
zi'bai  fabs'kyis  amicably,  in  a  fair  way  Glr.\ 
so  also  zi'bai  ytam  smrd-ba  Glr.;  hi- bos 
mi  ful  drdg-pos  ^dul  dgos  ^dug  Pth.  if  he 
will  not  submit  by  fair  means,  he  must  be 
converted  or  subdued  by  force;  H-bai  kal 
Pth.  the  expression  of  calmness  about  his 
mouth,  his  peaceful  countenance;  zi-bar 
yUgs-pa  to  go  to  rest,  to  die  Cs.\  hi-bai  or 
UhS'Skui  Iha-fsogs  i^-ynyis  Thgr.  the  good, 
the  peaceable  deities,  opp.  to  those  called 


Krd-bo;  differently  again  the  word  is  used 
in:  zi'ba  dan  Krd-ba  dan  zi-^ma-Kro  Pth., 
which  has 'been  explained  by  Sch.  as:  the 
medium  between  calmness  and  passion, 
^calm  indignation'.  Cs.  moreover  mentions 
^ba  or  rtag-zi-ba^  as  ^a  name  or  epithet  of 
Iswara  and  certain  Buddhas',  so  that  hi^a 
would  be  equal  in  sound  as  well  as  in  mean- 
ing to  fjpffyZi-ba-paBJid  -ma  being  his  male 
and  female  disciples.  A.  good  deal  of  ob- 
scurity attaches,  further,  to  the  frequent 
mention  of  the  ^^i-^gyas-dban-drag^  as  the 
characteristic  properties  of  the  four  parts 
of  the  world  (v.  gUn)^  and  likewise  as 
qualities  and  functions  of  the  Buddhas, 
gods  and  saints,  viz.  allaying  diseases,  con- 
ferring happiness  and  wealth,  ruling  over 
all  creatures  and  subduing  all  that  is  unruly 
and  hostile;  to  which  are  to  be  added  four 
kinds  of  burnt-offerings,  in  the  same  four- 
fold sense,  v.  Schl.  250.  Finally,  in  mysti- 
cism the  term  kiia  acts  a  prominent  part : 
zi('bar)  ynds^-pa)  and  lhag(-par)  mfonQ-ba), 
If^fH  and  f^nmR)  shortened  zi-Utdg,  im- 
plies an  absolute  inexcitability  of  mind,  and  a 
deadening  of  it  against  any  impressions  from 
vrithout,  combined  with  an  absorption  in 
the  idea  of  Buddha,  or  which  in  the  end 
amounts  to  the  same  thing,  in  the  idea  of 
emptiness  and  nothingness.  This  is  the  aim 
to  which  the  contemplating  Buddhist  as- 
pires, when,  placing  an  image  of  Buddha, 
as  rterhy  (v.  rten  1)  before  him,  he  looks  at 
it  immovably,  until  every  other  thought  is 
lost,  and  no  sensual  impressions  from  the 
outer  world  any  longer  reach  or  affect  his 
mind.  By  continued  practice  he  acquires 
the  ability  of  putting  himself,  also  without 
rten^  merely  by  his  own  effort,  into  this 
state  of  perfect  apathy,  and  of  attaining  after- 
wai'ds  even  to  dnos-grtiby  the  supernatural 
powers  of  a  saint.  The  stories  that  are  re- 
lated of  such  achievements,  and  with  which 
the  work  of  Taranfttha  abounds,  are,  not- 
withstanding their  absurdity,  readily  believ- 
ed by  every  faithful  Buddhist  That  there 
are  also  cases  of  failures,  cf.  smydrirfa. 
§'5;j'  ii-ma  sieve,  of  cane  or  wood  Ts, 


/, 


^J  (c  [la/vLu.dc   . 


CrJ.~ 


hi-mi 


S-^-  zi-mi  Schr.  and  Wts,  (where  H-mi 
'        stands),  gen.  zim-bu  Gh\.  or  hum^bu 

cat,  a  ^ 

Sqi.  hg  1,  ^  ciff.  —  2.  V,  Jig-pa  I.,  2,  %- 

'  '  rdl'ba  demolished,  ruined  Mil. 
Sqi*^x'  2^^-w^'(sbst.  or  adj.?)  dense  throng, 
'  '  or  crowded  together  in  a  mass  W. 
Sr*  ^^y  !•  sbst.  %^  (Cs. :  Hn-ma^  Hri-po^ 
'  ir^-^M,  perh,  provincialisms),  1.  field, 
ground,  soil,  arable  land;  tdn-kin  fields  in 
a  plain,  level  land,  ri-zin  fields  on  a  moun- 
tain, hill-land ;  ful-zin  W.  (ni  f.)  cultivated 
land ;  kin-Ma  =  zin^  zin-Uai  bitrTno  the  girls 
in  the  field  MiL\  hin  rmd-ba  frq.,  to  plough 
a  field;  to  carry  on  agriculture;  ^d^bs-pa 
to  till,  to  sow  a  field,  mi  ydig-gis  btdinpai 
a  field  that  has  been  sowed  by  one  man 
Glr. ;  Hn  JSu-ba  to  irrigate  a  field  (?)  Cs. ; 
md-ba  to  mow,  to  reap,  a  field,  Hn-mKan 
reaper;  ^hin  bdd-be*  W,  to  pursue  husbandry; 
bin  bgddrpa  to  divide  or  distribute  land  Cs. 
—  2.  fig.,  cf.  zih'lcamSy  bsdd-Tiams-kyi  zin 
dan  ^prddrpa  to  enter  the  field  of  merit,  to 
turn  into  the  path  of  virtue  DzL,  ydiU-byai 
Mn^u  yzigS'te  Pth,  seeing  him  in  the  land 
of  conversion  (yet  v.  also  3,  a.) ;  region,  )dn 
bcu  (Sch.:  ^the  ten  regions')  is  said  to 
signify  something  like:  the  reign  of  Evil. — 

3.  equivalent  to  sans-rgyds-kyi  iin  the  king- 
dom of  Buddha,  a.  in  an  earthly  sense:  a 
holy  land,  a  land  of  salvation,  where  Buddha 
resides,  or  at  least  where  Buddhism  pre- 
vails ;  so  also  ^did-bai  zin  land  of  conver- 
sion .  GIt,  ;  ace.  to  FTfe.  it  is  a  name  of  the 
earthly  seat  of  Buddha,  the  residence  of 
the  Dalai  Lama  at  Lhasa;  b.  supernatu- 
rally:  heaven,  paradise,  Elysium  i.e.  one  of 
the  heavens  inhabited  by  the  Buddhist  gods, 
or  also  the  state  of  non-existence,  Nirwana; 
Hn-la  pSb^a  =  bd^-bar  yUgs-pa  tO  die.  — 

4.  body,  V.  Hn-lin^  Hn-lpdgs.  — 

Comp.  and  deriv.  hin-bkdd  map  C,  W,, 
Un-gi  bkdd-pa  v.  Adat  Res,  XX.,  425.  — 
hin^lcan  1.  summer-house,  pleasure-house, 
pavilion  W,  2.  field  and  house,  the  whole 
estate  or  property  PT.  (=  yul-yzis)  —  Hn- 
Kdms  =  iin  2  and  3,  frq.  —  Hn-JHriLnB^  iin- 
gi  KruvB-pa  or  -^na  the  produce  of  the  field 


^'cr  ^^- 


475 


pa 


Cs,  —  hin-Urdd  many  fields  together  Cs,  — 
hin-rgdd  rough,  uncultivated  ground  Sch,  — 
iih-'iSn  and  -Mn  a  large  and  a  small  field ; 
also :  a  large  and  a  small  body  or  corpse  Thgr, 
—  hin-mifdg  paradise,  a  most  delightful 
country,  an  Eden,  an  Eldorado  Pth.  —  Hn- 
bddg  proprietor  of  a  field,  land-owner.  — 
zin- pa  husbandman,  farmer  Dzl.  —  zin- 
Ipags  a  skin  (pulled  off),  hide.  —  zin-mu 
boundary  of  a  field,  landmark.  —  hin-bzdn 
good  land,  productive  soil  Cs.  —  zin-ykin 
dead,  arid,  burnt  soil  Cs.  — hifi-sa  1 .  ground, 
soil,  arable  land  Cs,  2.  province  ScA. 

II.  gerundial  termin.  =  biri^  q.v, 
^q-  zib,  resp.  fine  flour,  also  flour  in  general, 
'      hib-Uug  bag,  zib-pdr  box,  for  flour  Cs, 
Sn'n'  -i^'pa,  B.^  zib-po  Cs.,  zib-mo  C,  W, 
'  1 .  fine,  of  powder  and  similar  things, 

zib-rtstn  fine  and  coarse  Zam. ;  zib-par  byid^ 
pa^  B,*  Ub-^mo  bo-ce*  W.,  to  make  fine,  to 
pound,  to  reduce  to  powder.  —  2.  accurate, 
exact,  strict,  precise,  Itd-ba  ydns-Hn  spydd- 
lam  Ub-par  mdzod  be  wide  in  your  views, 
but  strict  in  your  actions  Glr,;  so  Sch.  un- 
derstands also  zib'lib  yod^  zib-po  medj  hib- 
rgyu  medy  which  ought  however  to  be  trans- 
lated :  'I  have  accurate  information,  I  have 
no  precise  information,  I  have  no  particu- 
lars to  communicate';  kib-mo  his-pa  to  know 
accurately ;  more  frq.  adv.  zib-par,  zib-tu  B., 
•M-?a  *vulg.,  exactly,  precisely,  thoroughly 
zib'tu  ysdlrba,  ytam  zib-tu  byM-pa  to  report 
accurately  Dzl,  (the  former  resp. ) ;  Hb-par 
bMd-pa  Glr.  id. ;  lib-par  (Jes-)  ^dddr-na  if 
you  wish  to  know  it  accurately  Glr,\  bka 
^'tu  bgros'pa  resp.,  to  consult  carefully 
Pth.\  bkarmBd ysun-gUn  zib-tu  bgyid  gentle- 
men, discourse  as  freely  as  you  please!  MU,; 
la^-rgyU'Jbras  lib-tu  mi  rtsi-na  if  one  does 
not  strictly  regard  the  doctrine  of  retaliation 
Mil,\  *M-?a  Itos  (or  to*)  W.  look  at  it  well, 
carefully ;  *hib'Ca  zer*  W,  pronounce  it  accu- 
rately; *hib-ca  dg''pa*C  to  examine  closely; 
*lib'Sdf  W,  accurately  and  distinctly. 
g«,^g..j5.  Hm-fog-le  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb 

^wq-  Hm-pa,  gen.  iimrpo,  well-tasted,  sweet- 

'         scented,  *lim-po  rag*  W.  I  find  the 


476 


^a^'g*  lim^ 


taste  or  smell  of  it  agreeable;  ha  ^di  Uui^ 
par  iihn*na  this  meat  being  of  a  better  taste 
DzL'^  him-i^gyyi  zas  food  prepai*ed  of  sa- 
voury things  Zam.\  dri^zinriy  dri-ysun  ^im- 
po  pleasant  odour  DzL;  dri  mi  Itkn^a  dis- 
agreeable smell  Glrr^  ^zim-ze*  also  *^w- 
him*  C,  ^iim-zag*  W.  sweet-meats,  confec- 
tionery; ^Um-zag-Uon-kah*  W.  confectioner ; 
^iini'lto-ban*  W.  dainty-mouthed,  a  sweet- 
tooth. 


5 


Hmrbu  V.  H-mi, 


r  hiy  1.  num.  figure:  81.  —  2.  v.  iu-ba. 

(^^^  zu-ddg^  ^^^  zm-ddg  amendment, 

improvement 9  correction;  the  word  is  also 
added  at  the  end  of  written  books,  e.g.  of 
Taranatha,  as  an  attestation  of  a  careful 
revision ;  hirddg  byM^a  tO  mend,  improve, 
correct ;  ran-rgyud  zu-ddg  byidrpa  to  exa- 
mine and  reform  one's  self  (k*  iu-dag-m/lan 
reviser,  corrector^  censor  68.,  ht-chi-gyi 
tdta-fsa-ba  a  great  corrector  or  commentator 
(of  Ssk,  writings),  seems  to  have  become  a 
current  title. 

(Sffl'  ^^-*«  I-  vb.,  pf.  his  (esp.  in  later  writ- 
No  ings  and  vulgo,  in  ancient  literature 
gen.  ysdUbar  for  it)  signifies  1.  every  kind 
of  speaking  to  a  person  of  higher  rank,  there- 
fore to  request,  to  prefer  a  suit  or  petition, 
to  malce  a  report,  to  put  a  question  etc.,  zu- 
zin  ysdl'ba-la  ^grd-bai  fse  when  1  have  to 
bring  in  a  petition  DzL ;  ^'mndl-lam  de  yMn- 
la  mi  ys(t>n'bar  hjC  ius-so  'pray,  do  not  relate 
the  dream  to  others',  he  begged  Glr.;  yndn- 
bar  zu  byds-pas  saying,  'I  beg  you  will  per- 
mit', Glr.;  snar  mfdn-bai  dnds-po  d^-dag 
hiiO  I  will  ask  him  about  the  things  lately 
seen,  I  shall  request  an  explanation  of  him 
Dzh\  nd-la  gdn-dag  zu-ba  de  Ugsso  it  is 
very  right  of  you,  thus  to  ask  me  about 
every  thing  Do.;  rgydl-poi  diiiik-^u  i^mi-lam 
zuS'pa  he  related  the  dream  before  the  king 
Pfh. ;  ston-pa  hi  {pa  col.  for  par)  I  request 
(you)  to  explain  Mil, ;  der  Jfyon^a  hi  'thi- 
ther to  come  I  request'  MU. ;  dS-la  mUdn- 
po  kus  they  besought  him  to  be  their  abbot 
Glr.;  yndn-ba  ht-ba  to  ask  permission  Cs. 


—  2.  In  W,  this  hi  has  become  a  word  of 
civility  to  the  widest  extent,  as  it  is  not 
only  added  to  almost  every  sentence  of  a 
speech  or  a  letter,  something  like  oar  'widi 
your  permission'  or  *if  you  please',  e.g.  *^a« 
bi  mM-na  ha  do  yin  hi*  if  you  have  noth- 
ing further  (to  say),  I  shall  go,  with  your 
permission;  ^fio  leb  son  hi*  he  is  arrived, 
if  you  please;  but  it  also  supplies  every 
kind  of  salutation  in  coming  or  going,  hence 
*hi  z^-t^y  resp.  *hi  hu-i^^  to  make  or  give 
one's  compliments,  ^a-pa-ne  hi  mdh-po 
hi  dug*  my  father  s  best  respects  (cLpyag). 
Inst,  of  hij  ju  is  also  frq.  heard  (vulgo), 
e.g.  *)u  sabju!*  good  day.  Sir,  good  day! 
which  prob.  is  only  an  intensation  of  sound, 
and  not  to  be  referred  to  the  Indian  ^. 

—  *ti4a  hi*  W.  why,  well  then,  mind!  *M- 
la  hi^  nyv-rdn  he  tsar  ma  kydd-pa  yun-rih 
kyod*  well,  I  have  not  seen  you  this  age! 

—  The  word  is  also  used  as  a  sbst,  for 
request,  wish,  question,  *iu-wa  JMnboP  C, 
*pul-be*  W.J  yt^h-ba  Glr.  to  make  a  request, 
to  put  a  question;  ydan- ^dr^-pai  hk-ba 
nan- can  pul-bas  Mil.  assailing  him  witli 
pressing  invitations. 

II.  (prop.  fut.  of  Ju'ba)  pf.  (jb)hi(s), 
fut.  (b)hiy  (imp.?)  1.  to  meK,  trs.  and  intrs., 
bhi-btid  V.  sub  lugs;  bhirbyaiyser  gold  to 
be  melted  Cs. ;  zu  -  bai  Uam»  whatever  is 
melting  or  fusible,  metals  Sch.\  zuo  it  melted 
(from  the  heat)  Dzl.;  ^dd-^uhi-nas  dissolv- 
ing in  light  Glr.  frq.  —  2.  to  digest,  hi- 
byed'kyi  sman  digestive  medicme  Cs.  (cf. 
oju-by^d)',  ma-hi(rba)  undigested,  zas  ma 
hi-ba  undigested  food,  also  indigestion,  suf- 
ferings aridng  from  it;  m>a-iui  nod  id. ;  ma- 
hi  ^U'ba  to  decompose  what  is  undigested 
Med,;  opp.  to  hi-rjSs  it  seems  to  denote 
more  particularly  the  chyme  before  it  is 
mixed  with  bile,  ^ni  perh.  also  the  duode- 
num where  this  takes  place;  so  tlie  region 
of  hi  dan  via-zui  bdr-na  is  stated  to  be 
the  place,  where  the  bile  is  principally  ope- 
rating S.g.  C£  Jii^. 

Com|k  zu-skyogs  W.  crucible,  melting- 
spoon.  —  i;^^-mA;an  1.  petitioner.  2.  digester; 
n.  of  an  officinal  plant,  =?  spah^hUn  Wdn. 


^^   ^^B 


^ 


477 


(^•*r 


U'» 


— kv^Un^zu^gUh  byidnpa  to  address^  accost, 
resp.  C,  —  ^u-rgyd  (v.  rffya-ma)  1,  petitio- 
nary letter,  petition,  suit.  2.  any  writing 
addressed  to  superiors,  —  hi-rgyu  the  sub- 
ject of  a  petition  or  suit.  —  ^hi-nd-pd!^^ 
C.y  intercessor,  advocate,  mediator,  'iw-Tid 
jM-pa*  to  intercede,  to  advocate.  —  zu- 
r^^  1.  the  chyme  mixed  with  bile  (cf.  ma-zu 
above).  2.  the  place  of  it,  zu-ryis  na  I  feel 
a  pain  there  Med.  3.  eructation,  rising,  M- 
la  zu^is  skyur  S.g,  caused  by  beer;  ro  dan 
hjHTiis  mhdr-mo  Med,  a  sweetish  taste  and 
rising  (from  the  stomach).  —  hjMihi  the 
present  which,  according  to  oriental  notions, 
has  necessarily  to  attend  or  introduce  a 
petition.  —  hi-ddn  prop,  drift,  subject  of 
a  petition;  in  a  general  sense  =  ):u'ba  re- 
quest, suit,  address,  communication  etc.  — 
hi-^nd  (pronounced  ^zw-no*)  W,  =  zu-nd, 

—  zu-poy  zu'ba-po  =  hu-mKan  1.  —  ^u^i/ed 
V.  above  —  zu-JM^  pronounced  ^himrbiiV^^ 
petitioning,  making  a  suit  in  an  humble  pos- 
ture with  folded  hands  Ci.  —  zii-yig^  zu- 
hoffy  hur-bai  prin-yig  a  petition,  ^^u-t/tg-gi 
rten  =-  hi-rten,  .—  kt^ldn  answer  to  a  pe- 
tition. —  hi-ldg  a  feigned,  false,  designing 
suit,  *gydb^a*  to  address  such  a  one  C. 

zugsy  resp.  fire,  e.g.  the  fire  lighted 
for  cremation  Tar.  7,  4. 

(^Tj2^r^  zugs^a  v.  Jug-pa. 

fjSr^rSC'  hih'Zuh  with  by^drpa  to  nod  Or  boW 

\i  4  repeatedly,  of  a  pigeon  Mil. 
/arw  zudrpa  1.  to  twine,  to  twist  W.  ^zud- 
T  ce,  zu-d/".  —  2.  to  spin  Cs.,  hi-Mdr 
spindle,  distaff.  —  3.  to  rub  Cs.  —  4.  to  hang 
up,  to  suspend  Ts.  —  bud- tag  =  dpyan-tdg. 
q-  iufirpa  melted  Cs.;  ""hun  tdn-be*  W. 
to  melt,  trs  ;  hin-fdr  byidrpa  to  melt 
and  beat  to  pieces  Mil.;  hin-figs  spark 
flying  from  red-hot  iron  W.;  kun-ma  that 
which  is  melted,  ysei  sags  bUn-mai piin-po 
heaps  of  melted  gold  and  other  metals  Glr. 

—  hin-Tnar  v.  mar.  —  hUn-mo  melted, 
whatever  melts  easily  Cs.  (who  spells  it 
hjsuU'^mo). 

rq-  Hm-pa  1.  sbst.  fear,  dismay,  deepen- 
liency,  faint-heartedness,  uim  iunirna 


if  I  continue  undismayed  Dzl.;  dhan-incdg 
ysum-la  huntrpa-med-par  bkur-bsti  bySd-pa 
to  honour  the  three  most  Precious  unduunt- 
edly,  with  a  cheerful  heart;  aems  rdb-iu  ztim- 
par  gyur-fo  they  became  greatly  dejected 
in  mind,  their  spirits  were  much  cast  down 
Pth.  —  2.  vb.  *lbu-wa  hicm-be^  W.  to  SCUm, 
to  skim  (off). 
^^^  zum-bu  =  zi-mi. 

/a;^-  zur^  1.  snout,  muzzle,  trunk.  —  2.  sup. 
nI      of  ^u-  ba. 


4   4     stroke,  to  caress. 


^*>^ 


hil-ztdy  r«.;  ""hu'M  jhe'-pa*  tO 
stroke,  to  caress. 

hiS'ddg  V.  hirddg^  (^'^'  ius  -pa 

V.  zu-ba. 

'^  le  (cf.  len)  1.  inclination,  affection,  heart, 
'  mind;  volKion;  there  is  a  proverb  in  C,\ 
^mi  Ud-pO'Ci'la  ze  me\  cu  nydg-po-ci-la  tin 
me'*  a  braggart  has  no  mind,  as  muddy  wa- 
ter has  no  bottom,  i.e.  as  in  muddy  water 
you  cannot  see  the  bottom,  so  you  cannot 
rely  on  the  solid  principles  of  a  braggart; 
Ka-i^  V.  Afa,  comp.;  ze  bkon-pa  or  Jion-pa 
a  hating  mind,  rkdm-pa  Sch.  a  covetous, 
fdg  pa  Mil.  a  sincere,  ndg-po  C.  a  wicked, 
ytsdn-ba  Sch.  a  pure  heai't  or  mind,  or  also 
hating,  covetous  etc.  as  to  mind  (several 
other  combinations  of  this  kind,  given  by 
Sch.y  are  too  doubtful  to  be  copied);  ze- 
ycod-pa  Sch. :  'to  lose  courage,  to  have  no 
longer  any  inclination  for',  perh.  better,  tO 
resign,  and  he-bbdd  resignation,  as  a  Bud- 
dhist virtue  Mil.;  on  the  other  hand,  he 
ycod-pai  fsig  Sch.:  'slanderous  words'  which, 
e.g.  Dzl.  :?©,  11,  well  agrees  with  the  con- 
text, but  is  not  clear  in  point  of  etymology. 
—  ze-dug  damage,  destruction  ScA.,  bykl- 
pa  to  cause,  to  inflict.  —  ze-ldg  v.  ien-ldg 
sub  zen  -  pa.  —  i:^  -  stin  angry,  cross,  ill- 
humoured,  vexed.  —  2.  numerical  word  for 
bhi'bhi  in  the  abridged  numbers  ze-ybig  etc., 
41  to  49.  —  3.  numerical  figure:  111. 
^'5r  ):i'nay  rarely  ies-na^  v.  be-na. 

^-^  ^-sa  reverence,  respect,  civility,  polite- 
^  ness,  ^-sa  dan  bbds-pa  reverential, 
respectful  Pth.;  del  dus-su  mis  pyag  dan 


478 


r 


hen 


^ 


SVT  ^-kd 


hS-^a  mi  hSs-pas  because  at  that  time  people 
knew  little  of  compliments  and  politeness 
Pth, ;  zi'Sa  byed-pa  to  show  honour,  respect, 
mdm-ffyur  Tndzh-pai  zi-sa  Jml-ba  to  ar- 
range mimic  performances  in  honour  of 
some  persons,  (which  also  at  the  present 
time  is  frequently  done  in  these  countries) ; 
complimentary  word  (for  zi-sai  fsiff%  md- 
bat  zi'Sa  snyan  the  complimentary  word  for 
ma-ba  is  snyan  Zam, 

'  '  ^  breadth,  width,  iin-ban  broad 
(road,  valley),  wide,  spacious,  *i^  Ka-cem" 
po*  C.  id.;  zeii-nnM^  zen-prd-mo,  ^zen-cun- 
se*  W,  narrow;  iM-du  in  breadth  Sambh,; 
ien-Mh  writing-tablet  =  snum-glegs,  —  2. 
plain,  surface,  side,  zeh-M-ba  ynyis  the  two 
broad  sides  (of  a  pillar)  Glr, 
^•q-  z^d-pa  to  fear,  to  be  afraid,  synon. 
to  ojigs-pa  Thgr,  frq.;  h^d-nas  full 
of  apprehensions  Pih. 
^yq*  zhi'pa  (cf.  ze)^  vb.  c.  /a,  1.  to  desire, 

I*  to  long  for,  to  be  attached  to,  to  be 
partial  to,  to  be  taken  with,  Hyed-la  zht-Hn 
cogs  I  love  you  ardently  (fi(>ct5)  Glr.;  bod- 
Jbdm  nd'la  zen-c^-Hh  dgd-ba -imams  the 
people  of  Tibet,  that  are  aflfectionately  at- 
tached to  me  Glr,;  sbst.:  desire,  longing, e.g.  to 
hear  more  of  a  thing  Mil. ;  also  greediness, 
covetousness;  ra/^-^cfec^-i^-^a  self-love,  self- 
ishness, egotism  Glr,;  pydgs-zm  Tar,  184, 
22, party-spirit,  party-agitation;  Mgs-medzht- 
med  free  from  passion  or  interest  Mil,\  z en- 
pa  zlog  suppress  your  passion  Mil, ;  fse  Jli- 
la  zen  Idog-pa  to  be  disgusted  with  this 
life  Thgy, ;  *zhn-pa  ma  I6g-na  dht'-pa  mi 
yon*  C,  before  one  has  renounced  every  de- 
sire, one  cannot  believe.  — 

Comp.  zen-Jca,  l^-Ka  -  zen-pa  sbst.,  Sch. 
—  zen-Uris  Mil..,  zen-cdgs  frq.,  also  vulgo, 
ken-^dzin  Glr,  inclination,  desire,  passion, 
attachment,  *zen-dzin  cd-be*  W.  to  love,  to 
be  attached.  —  zen-ddn,  resp.  bzed-don^  ob- 
ject of  desire  6s.  —  zen-ldg(^-pa,  cf.  above), 
disinclination,  antipathy,  disgust;  in  an 
ascetic  sense:  resignation  Mil.;  ^ig-rUn 
zen-ldg-gi  gait-zdg  a  man  tired  of  this  world 
MiL\  zen-ldg-pa^or  -mKan  fastidious,  squeam- 


ish, easily  disgusted ;  ^he-md-ldg-lcm*  C.  one 

that  is  not  easily  disgusted,  not  squeamish. 

—  2.  =  Ijen-pa  to  penetrate,  to  be  fixed, 

of  colours  etc.,  ras  dkar-po  fson  zenrpa  Uwr 

as  a  colour  is  fixed  in  white  cloth,  is  lasting 

Dzl 

!^--.j^.  zem-zhn  Ld,  an  inferior  kind  of 

'       '      silk,  of  which  the  handkerchiefs 
consist,  that  are  presented  to  foreign  visi- 
tors etc.  as  a  welcome  or  mark  of  respect, 
cf  Ua-btdgs, 
Sx-  zer,  zer  JL^bs-par  byid^a  Cs.:  tO  chide, 

'  rebuke,  which,  however,  in  the  only 
passage,  where  I  met  with  the  word,  does 
not  suit  the  sense  very  well. 

S^'Sf  zer-po  'mean,  pitiful,  coarse'  Cs. 

(SJ^  zes  V.  bes, 

"^  zo,  I.  dram,  a  small  weight  =  ^jf  ounce, 
'  of  skar-liia.,  v.  skdr-ma;  yser-io-gan  Pth, 
a  dram  of  gold;  yser  zo  ysuTn-hrgyd .between 
1  and  2  pounds  of  gold;  as  a  coin  it  is 
stated  to  be  =  ^/s  rupee.  —  2.  resp.  ysol- 
zo  thick  milk,  curds,  zo  bsnydl-ba  to  place 
milk  to  curdle;  milk  in  gen.,  esp.  mat  nth 
zo  Dzl.^  md'ZO  col.,  mother's  milk;  io-Jun 
dus-na  during  the  time  of  suckling,  zo-spdns 
zas  zai  dus-na  after  the  child  has  been  weaned 
Med,\  lo  dkrdg-pa^  skrdg-pa^  bsrub-pa  to 
churn,  to  butter  L^^.  —  3.  a  small  white  spot, 
sen-zo  on  a  finger  nail,  so-zo  on  a  tooth  Ghr. 
—  4.  num.  figure:  141. 

Comp.  h6-ka  prob.  =  2J0,  Thffy,  —  hhskyd 
Med,  f  —  zO'Cdgs  Med,  ?  -  h)'prum  Sch. :  'a 
vessel  for  thick  milk'  (?),  perL  pru.  —  ^ 
rds  Med,y  ScL:  spoiled  milk.  —  ^zo-ri*  W, 
(like  ru-maC)  sour  milk  used  to  acidify  new 
milk;  in  a  gen.  sense:  ferment,  leaven,  *^ 
dzi*  Ts.  —  ho-H  Sch.  =  ho-i'ds,  —  h)-sri^ 
zoi  spns-ma  Wdn.  cream. 
Sj5^  zo-^d  1.  force,  efficiency  6s.  —  2.  n. 
'  '  of  a  medicinal  fruit,  zo-M  ystim.,  viz. 
mUdl-ho-sa  kidney-shaped,  heabng  diseases 
of  the  kidneys  (in  W.  the  chesnut  bears  this 
name),  snyin-zo-sa  heart-shaped,  healing 
diseases  of  the  heart;  gla-gor-ho-ka  is  sajd 
to  be  given  to  horses;  besides  mUn-pa- 


^-z 


<^ 


479 


ZOff 


q|(5p^q'  ykdTfiS'pa 


and  mU^^'pa-zO'Sa  are  mentioDed.  —  3. 
tollC?),  pay(?),  zo-ms  Jsid^a  Tar,,  Stg.  a 
publican  6s.,  a  soldier  Schr.,  prob.  any 
officer  that  receives  salary  or  pay. 

^'  %,  imp.  of  Jdg-pa. 


^p|^  ioffs  V.  mui^idgs. 


'  ^       dro  morning,  fore-noon;  zogs-ja  tea 
at  breakfast  6s. 
^-  ^n  lower,  nether,  zon-Uan-^a  the  lower 

'      part  of  the  house,  z&n-rts^  the  lower 
and  the  upper  part;  zon-idn  deepened,  ex- 
cavated, hollow,  uneven  C, 
gr-  ^^  1.  the  original  meaning  of  the  word 

'  '  is  yet  uncertain;  at  present  used  in  T.; 
*^'  dd'wa,  ^o-)dg*,  peace,  quietness,  tran- 
quillity, *lco  zo' 'de-la  mi  zag'^  he  gives  him 
no  rest,  causes  him  much  trouble;  *s^'kyi 
zg^  d^'Tticf^  peace  of  mind,  evenness  of  tem- 
per; *^'  or  zjo^  de-mo  or  ^dm^a  gentle- 
ness, meekness.  —  2.  ScL:  high-water,  floods, 
inundations  Wts,,  C;  sna  fan  pyi  hod  first 
drought,  then  inundation  Wdk,  —  3.  udder 

w.,  a 

ggr-^-  zon-pa,  resp.  JHb-pa  to  mount,  c.  la\ 
'  '  rtd'la  zdrir-pa  to  ride,  on  horseback, 
hin~rta-la  to  ride,  in  a  carriage,  frq. ;  rtd- 
la  zon-nas  Uvd-pyogs-su  ^grd-ba  to  ride 
southward,  to  travel  on  horseback  towards 
the  south  S.g.;  also  c.  accus. :  bldn-pazdn- 
pa  to  mount  a  horse  or  a  carriage  Lex,\ 
ion-du  ojug-pa  (=  sky&n-pa)  to  let  mount. 
r^'  z^dm-pa,  =  jdmS'paf  rgas  zdm-ste 
weighed  down  by  old  age  ScL;  cf. 
yhdm-^a, 

S^'  Idr,  ^'^'  zdr4a  etc.  v.  sby&r-la. 

3C^  zol  1.  iol-yydg,  yak-bull,  Bos  gi'unniens 
^      Sch,\  rd-ma  z6l'7tw  a  loag-haired  goat 

MU.  nt.  —  2.  village  belonging  to  a  convent 

Mil.^  so  Shikatse  is  the  sde-zol  of  Tashi- 

Ihunpo.  —  3.  postp.,  under,  Sch.  (cf  yM- 

ba  II). 

maq-q*  yha-ba  Sch.:  1.  to  sport,  joke,  play, 
■^        sing,  (cf.  gor-yza).  —  2.  to  believe, 

trust,  confide. 


CT>aQ-^'  yia-fson  earlier  form  for  ja-tsdn 
'  '   ^   rain-bow. 

^V^'m^fC'  yha-ysan  =  yyun-drun  Lex. 
crU^^q-  y^^ag-pa  v.  Jdg-pa. 

qvS£j  y^^f^  1  •  anus  Med,,  yldn-Ua id.;  yzan- 
"^  ndd,  yian-Jbrum  piles,  hemorrhoids 
Med, ;  yzansrin  a  kind  of  intestinal  worms 
Lt  —  2.  privy  parts,  ^zan-Jdg*  W,  cata- 
menial  blood;  *i;d/?-fso«-ma*  W.  =  sinddr- 
tson-ma;  ^zan-sfon*  W,,  without  breeches, 
with  a  bare  posterior. '^•(^-^c  '^3*^"S*^S  {^'-^^^-(^ 

ms^  yzariy  yldn-pa,  yzdn-ma  (the  last  esp. 
•^  in  W.),  1.  adj.  and  sbst.,  other,  the 
other,  another,  ,  zan  mi  the  other  men  DzLy 
yhdn-pas  Ihdg-par  more  than  others  DzL; 
sldb-ma  yidn-dag  the  other  scholars  DzL; 
mfsan  yMn-pa  the  other  signs  Dzl.;  bldn- 
po  yzdn-mu-mam^  the  other  ministers  Glr,; 
bu-nw  yzdn-pas  c^-rgyu  Tned  she  is  not  taller 
than  the  other  girls  (pas  =  /as,  not  from 
pa)  Glr.;  yzan  rgol  ma  nus  others  were 
not  able  to  resist  them  (=  nobody  could 
do  them  any  harm)  Glr,;  yzdn-du  to  some 
other  place,  ^gro-ba  to  go  (to  some  other 
place)  =  to  go  away,  to  start;  elsewhere;  in 
another  way,  v.  example  ^dzin-pa  1,  4;  also: 
yldn-du  ma  sems  sigDzl,,  suppose  or  belie v^ 
nothing  else,  do  not  think  that  the  matter 
can  be  otherwise,  frq.  used  like  our  'of 
course';  /^d7^-na  elsewhere;  yMn-nas  from 
some  other  place;  yzdn-nas  ^rub-tu  med 
it  cannot  be  accomplished  from  any  other 
quarter,  by  any  body  else  Mil.  —  2.  adv. 
otherwise,  else,  on  the  other  hand  W. ;  yzdn- 
^a/l further, furthermore,  or  else, (just)  to  men- 
tion some  other  circumstance,  frq.  —  yian- 
bsgrub  Lex,  seems  to  be  some  logical  term 
Gram.  —  yhan-^prul  n.  of  a  heaven  inhabit- 
ed by  certain  gods  Gh\,  Mil.  —  yzan-dbdn 
dependent  on  others  Was ,  cf.  ran-dbdn, 

2T|(3q'q'  yzdb-pa  to  lick  Sch. 
^|(a^^CI'  yzdms-pa  v.  bidms-pa. 


4W 


2T|(8j^'CMC'  '/zdr^yah 


^^rV[  r^ts-ka 


^  yzar^ah  mi  never  (&A.  and  Schr. 

prob.  incorr.). 
maQf-q'  y^dl-ba^  fut.  of  Jdl-buy  to  weigh, 

'  '  srun-la  yzdl-bar  nus-kyi  if  one 

could  weigh  with  a  pair  of  scales  Qlr.;  yhdU 
dgos-lyi  rdza»  Sch,;  ^goods  for  which  duties 
are  to  be  paid',  liable  to  duty,  to  custom; 
yzal'du^m^d-pa  imponderable  Stg,;  immense- 
ly much  Pth,;  immeasurable,  incomparable, 
infinite,  vast;  y^^al  med^  yzal-yds  id.;  yial- 
med^Mn,  more  frq.  yial-yca-Kany  also  yial- 
med-kan-bzan  palace,  rarely  used  of  human 
palaces  (soGZr.  in  one  passage,  when  speak- 
ing of  the  house  of  a  Brahmin),  mostly  of 
the  abode  of  gods  Pth.  and  elsewh.;  also 
Tibet,  in  po.  language,  is  called  a  Uva-ynds 
yzalryas-Kdn^  the  heavens  with  the  sun  a 
no-mfsdr  Ihai  ylal-yas-kdn,  -^lyhal-fsdd 
measure,  scale,  standard  Sch,  *-fpi^  . 
qva^-  yias  play,  sport,  jest,  joke  Sch ,  Lea,: 

•^  glu-ghas, 
;•  »'\  yii(r^^CL)  1 .  that  from  which  and 
'  ^  on  which  a  thing  arises,  exists, 
depends;  ground,  foundation,  original  cause, 
exciting  cause  (?fir  ^08.234);  dge-Ugs  tarns- 
bad  Jbyun-bai  yii(j-md)  the  primitive  source 
of  all  happiness  (is  the  doctrine  of  Bud- 
dha) Glr, ;  yzi-shye-med  without  origin  and 
birth  Mil,\  yhir  bhdff-pa  prob.:  to  use  as  a 
foundation  MU.,  Tar,;  *g6r'Zi*  W,  cause  of 
delay;  md-yli  v.  as  an  article  of  its  own 
sub  ma;  rtsig-yzi  foundation  of  a  wall  Cs.\ 
nyun-^yziy  Id-y^i  turnips,  radishes,  left  for 
seed  (being  the  foundations,  as  it  were,  of 
new  plants);  in  yzi'Sem^-nyidy  y^i-cos-nyid 
it  prob.  stands  as  an  apposition,  in  the  sense 
of  kun-yhi:  the  spirit,  the  primeval  cause; 
in  a  special  sense:  the  innermost  essence, 
inherent  nature;  yzi-nas  actually,  opp.  to 
'apparently'  Mil,;  fundamental  law,  statute, 
yzic^-po  title  of  a  book  W^as.264 ;  in  certain 
cases  it  may  be  translated  by  action,  v.  run- 
ba  2,  c.  —  2.  ground,  floor,  yU-ma  gru-bU 
a  square  floor  Glr. ;  st^-gi  yki  the  upper 
base,  top-surface  Stg,  —  3.  residence,  abode, 
home,  j-ki  ^dzin-pa  to  take  up  one's  resi- 
dence in  a  place  MY.  and  elsewh.;  yzi  Jbeh- 


pa  W,  *pai'Ce*  id.;  fzi-ma  rah  big  poff-nm 
bhag-go  he  assigned  to  him  a  nice  dwelling- 
place  and  established  him  there  Gbr.;  seat, 
place,&s-^^2  seat  of  religion,  monastery  Tar, 
and  elsewh.;  school  of  religion  Tar.H^  17; 
yii  j-dtg-tu  skdd^big  kyah  mi  sdodr-de  in  no 
place  resting  for  a  moment  (the  arrow  ffies 
towards  its  goal)  Thgy,;  *ii  ttg-tu*  C,  the 
same  as  rtse  ybig^tu,  —  4.  in  philosophy: 
axiom,  proposition  Was,  (58);  contents,  tenor 
(299);  basis,  suppori  (273).  —  5.  ScA.;  en- 
mity?? —  6.  also  Ibe  (cf.  yles)  a  definition 
of  time  or  of  relationship:  yH-nihy  ie-fdn 
two  years  ago,  yhi-mis  great-great-grand- 
father,/'2:ww^8-7WO  great-great-grandmoUier, 
yhi-fsd  great-great-grandchild  Sch,  — 

Comp.  yzi-dgon  monastery  of  the  place, 
in  or  near  a  village,  usually  very  small  and 
harbouring  but  a  few  monks.  —  yzi-ji-i^ 
pa  a  recluse,  ^who  stays  where  he  is'  Bmm. 
J,  310.  —  yzi-bddg  lord  of  the  manor,  lord 
of  the  soil,  may  denote  a  king  or  noble- 
man, but  gen.  it  is  a  local  deity,  presiding 
over  a  certain  district,  to  whom  travellefD 
are  bound  to  offer  sacrifice,  and  whom  to 
offend  they  must  carefully  avoid. 

XT'  r^^-P^  ^  *®  examine,  search,  tiy, 
rtog-  (or  brtag-)  yUg  l^-pfffrftdn- 
ba  to  select  and  arrange  carefully,  e.g.  boob 
Pth, ;  lo  dan  zld-bar  rtog-yhig  zib-iu  yton- 
ba  to  search  minutely  as  to  the  day  aod 
year  Pth,;  bsam-yh'g  ytdn-ba  =  bsam-l^ 
ytdn-ba  to  weigh,  consider  Pth,  —  2.  lut 

^iSq'Cr  yzib-pa  fut.  of  Jib-pa, 

^&^^^'  yzih^-po'  to  put  or  lay  in  ontar 
•^  Lex,,  *'zib-iib  cd-te^s)*  W,,  *1oh' 

wa*  C,  id. 

rn^pr^'  yHl-ba  fut.  oijil-ba^  =  Jdms-fo. 

q&i^m^  yzts'ka  native  place,  native  country 
•^  '  Lex,;  yul-yMs  house,  estate,  pro- 
perty Mil,  =  Hh-Mn  paternal  estate;  fa- 
yzis  the  father  s  domicile  as  inheritance  ;/itt 
sgriUba  to  change  one's  abode,  to  remove 
to  another  place  ScK;  yias-pa  a  native  Set; 
yzis-mad  family,  household^  wife,  cUMren  vd 


481 


Si 

dtmestics;  yH-byh  Sch. :  native  and  foreign, 

at  home  and  abroad. 

q|B-  yiu,  also  yiurmo  MiL^  resp.  piam^ru 

Q  B.  and  col.,  1.  bow,  for  shooting,  yhi 
bcoi  he  constructed  a  bow  Glr. ;  yhi  ^H- 
buy  W.  *kdn-d^y  to  bend  the  bow  and  have 
it  ready,  frq. ;  Jiru^a  Pih,^  and  ^g^s-pa 
C«.,  id.;  Jbud-pa  to  unbend  (the  bow)  Cs,\ 
rduh'ba  (JDzl  ©r,  1 5,  ;?>S?,  1 1 .  Gyatch.  92(/,\} 
10),  ace.  to  explanations  given  by  Lamas: 
to  make  the  bow-string  sound  by  a  sudden 
poll  or  jerk,  =  yiiu^rgyM  sbrdn-ba  Dzl.^ 
which  both  as  to  matter  and  language  seems 
preferable  to  other  explanations  that  have 
been  given.  —  2.  arch,  in  architecture  Ci., 
yblt'ltiffS'Su  Jbub-fa  ^to  arch  in  the  form  of 
a  bow*  6i.;  capital,  chapiter,  v.  ka-ba.  — 
3.  resp.  for  *zum-^mdr4pcl^  lamp,  ^zim-zu* 
id.,  *g6h'hi*  lantern  6'.  ^spelling  uncertain). 
Comp.  yM-mHan  bow-maker.  —  ykti- 
rgyud  bow-string  Dzl.  —  yiu-iaUy  ylu-lddn 
furnished  with  a  bow.  —  yiu-mcog  Lex,, 
Sch,:  'the  two  ends  of  a  bow';  yhirm^g 
^dzugs-^a  to  rest  one  end  of  the  bow  on 
some  object(?)  MU.  —  yhtrrfdg  an  arched 
roof  Cs.  —  yhir-tdgs  holding  a  bow,  archer 
Ld,'Glr.  —  yhurbrtdn  n.  of  an  ancient  In- 
dian king  Gl.  —  yiu'ddms  a  cord,  fathom, 
as  a  standard  measure,  opp.  to  any  abitrary 
measure  (so  explained  by  a  Lama).  —  yiu- 
pa  bow-man,  archer.  —  yhir-^s,  bow-case 
Wdn. 

m*  yiu-ba  to  strike,  to  lash,  Iddg-gis  with 
a  whip. 
mjspr  y^  1-  ="  ^^)  <1- v.,  end,  extremity; 

sT '  yhig-guj  ylug-hih  Med,  coccyx ;  rump 
or  ventlet  of  birds  Sch, ;  yziLg-rmSn  the  glands 
of  it  Sch.\  graJtr-yiug  the  end  of  a  row  GIt,\ 
mgo-yiug  upper  and  lower  end,  e.g.  of  a 
stick  Glr,\  h-yHig-la  at  the  end  of  the  year 
Jfii.;  mhag-yhit^g  household-servants,  suite 
Sch,  —  2.  V.  Q^ug-fa, 
^^^^  yhm  1.  the  middle,  midst.  —  2.  spinal 

"nP  mBTfim S,g,y^'&oklad-yhunSch.yyhin' 
rins  MU.  —  *gyab^hlin'la  zug  ra^  W,  I  feel 
a  pain  in  the  middle  of  my  back;  Ue-yhin 
the  middle  of  the  tongue;  yhih-nas  in  a 
direct  way,  opp.  to  zur-na^. 


Of]^  rzes 


Comp.  ^bUn-go*  C,  middle  door,  princi- 
pal door  or  gate.  *hun-ddg*  W.  partition- 
wall,  *dddrd^  to  construct  one.  —  yiun-pa 
a  man  from  the  middle  part  of  the  country, 
neither  stadia  nor  Mm-pa  W.  —  yiun-^ma 
1 .  the  middle  of  a  thing  Cs.;  as  a  proper  name : 
the  middle  part  of  Lhasa,  containing  the 
royal  palace,  also  yiun-sa-dga-lddn,  2.  the 
back-part  of  fur  Sch.  3.  kernel,  pith,  main 
substance  >ScA.  4.  the  original,  the  source, 
text;  ykun4'&g8  id.  Tar, 

•q-  yiun-ba  pf.  yhim  Cs. :  'to  attend, 
to  be  heedful;  attention,  yhim-pa 
heedful';  Sch,  has:  'sincere,  orderly',  and 
for  the  current  phrase yid/'^ns-jt^a he  gives: 
'a  quiet  and  prudent  mind  or  behaviour'. 
But  the  way  in  which  the  word  is  used 
in  books,  where  it  frequently  occurs  in  con- 
junction with  mKds-pa,  as  well  as  in  the 
popular  expressions  zAn-Jcan  and  hm-mM- 
Uan  =  blornd  and  bh-dmdn^  would  rather 
suggest  the  version:  acuteness  of  perception, 
a  good  and  quick  comprehension. 
qygs2-'q«  yhid'pa  Sch.:  'to  go,  to  walk,  to 

Q^      put  into'. 
zTKSMrSf  y^ii^-po  excellent  in  its  kind,  yser 

'nT'        yiun-po  the  purest  gold,  ston-fdg 
yiun-po  a  capital  crop  C, 
qi^-q*  yzur-ba  to  shear,  shave,  cut  off,  *.to* 

Q         the  hair  6'.,  leaves,  branches  Cs.  (cf. 
bidr-ba%), 

^|S'^'  yii-ra  parsley  C. 

S^ISC  yien  v.  hen. 

^^  y}ien  the  act  of  remembering  or  re- 
■^    minding,  ^nyin-la  ien  y&h-ce  pi-la  (/^* 

W.  in  order  not  to  forget  it,  I  have  written 

it  down ;  yien  skul  -  ba  Lea.  to  remind  a 

person;  yien  btdd-pa  or  ace.  to  another 

reading  btdb-pa,  i.e.  ^dAbs-pa  to  admonish, 

exhort  2)2:i.7V'7, 9. 

q^q-  yi^nrfa  to  light,  kindle,  inflame /ScA.; 
1^       rdnbyun-gi  mes  hiigs-la^  prob.  to 

be  set  in  flames  by  spontaneous  fire(?) 

Tar.  7, 4. 

qi^'  yies  the  second  day  after  to-morrow 
•^     Lex.^  *to-re  nan-la  he-la*  W,  to- 

31 


482 


STj^CJ-  yids-^a 


^ 


C  <VW«#V»^ 


morrow,  the  day  after  to-morrow,  on  the 
fourth  day;  y^ies-rriyin  Cs.  —  yiirmn. 
gnS^q-  yzSs-pa  (=  blugs-pa  yet  less  used), 
"^  reap,  for  to  8lt,  stay,  wait,  cuh  tsam 
yhes  hig  wait  a  little!  Dzl  9V^  12  (another 
reading:  hhig^  hig). 

^Tj^q*  fzo'ha  for  hld-ha^  v.  Jd-ia. 

^^'^'  /%-pa  V.  ^6g^a, 

cn^fii^  /%« the  side  of  the  body,  =  ^fo; 
^  '  /i;o^s  /ya«  /yon  the  right  and  left 
side  &ch,\  yi^dgs-su  sideways  ScA.;  yzogs 
sUh-ba  L«j?.,  /ioga-sla/i  by^drpa  Cs.  to  speak 
allusively;  yzogs-smod  byedrpa  to  prejudice 
aperson  against  another  insidiously,  to  create 
enmity  Thgyr^  it  is  also  used  like  a  verb: 
yldgs-te  rtsdb-pa  to  be  insolent  with  a  fair 
appearance,  opp.  to  nor  downright  Thgy, 
—  ykogs-pyi^d  nd-ba  Do!  prob.  an  inaccurate 
expression  for  pain  in  one  side.  Ck..^a3a#. 

EnS^-q-  yz&n-pa  wooden  basin^  frough,  tub, 
y  washing-tub;  Kyi-y^dn  (col.  ♦%t6- 
^d?i*)  trough  for  feeding  dogs  and  other 
animals,  also  manger  W.\  *fud'ion*  W, 
prob.  id.;  ^^ag-hdh*  W.  trough  for  dry  horse- 
meat;  *^-2:d;i*  winnowing -tray,  inst.  of 
a  shovel;  in  books  the  word  is  used  in  a 
wider  sense,  in  such  expressions  as  yser-^ 
dnulr-y  Jiar-^  rdo-yzon, 

^^^^  yi^ons  Lea.  =  l)ons. 

m^ZT  y^on-pa  1.  sbst.  v.  bzon-pa.  —  2. 
"^  adj.  young,  yhdn^pa  de  na-rd  the 
younger  one  said  Mil. ;  rgydl-po  sku-nd  yzorir- 
pa  the  young  king;  bdag  yidn-pas  as  I 
am  still  young,  I  as  the  younger  one,  the 
youngest  Dzl. ;  yhdn-pa  ^gd-zig  some  young 
people  Mil]  yh&n-dtis  bu-mid  who  in  their 
younger  years  had  no  children;  yh&n-nu 
a  youth,  frq.,  yzdn-nu-tso  plur.  Mil.';  yh&n- 
nvrina  or  bu-mo  ykon-^u  Dzl.  virgin,  maiden, 
girl;  s^-ba  yhdnr-nu  a  young  rose  Wdn. ;  yzdn- 
nu  dan  brdUbar  by^d-pa  to  deprive  a  girl 
of  her  virginity  Cs.,  yzon-nu-brdl  a  girl 
that  has  lost  her  virginity  Cs. ;  yzdn-nu-nas 
from  a  child,  from  infancy  Mil. ;  yion-^dgs 
youthful  companion  Ml;  yzdn-ha-can  with 


youthf nl  flesh,  yh&nrha-ban-^u  ..gyur-ba  Gk. 

to  grow  young  again. 

q^^^yzob  I.  vie-yidb  singeing,  or  what  has 

•^^  been  singed,  wool,  hair,  feathers  etc; 
a  mark  from  burning;  yzib  -  dri  Sck  also 
yiob-ro  smell  of  singeing;  yzdb-tu  ^ur-ba 
to  be  singed,  seared  Pih.-,  *zob  gydb-pa*  C. 
to  singe  ofiF;  fig.  nai  hts-s^ms  yhob-tu  id 
Glr.  my  body  and  soul  were  seared,  deeply 
afflicted.  —  2.  TT.  a  crash,  e.g.  of  a  tree 
breaking  down. 
^j3SJ•q•  '.hhn-pa  1.  v.  Joms-pa.  —  2.  t» 

•^        break  in  two,  to  tear  Sch.;  in  W. 
used  of  metal  vessels  bent  or  bruised. 

2T|^'  yzor  y.  Jor. 

cnSoj-q-  :zdl-ba  1.  to  apply  one's  setf  dHi- 

•^  gently  Cs.,  cos-la  fugs  yM'ba  Pik 

id.  resp.  —  2.  to  comprehend,  to  fathoffl(?) 
Sch.  —  3.  resp.  for  Jbdb-pa  to  alight,  light 
from,  dismount,  v.  ^bs\  cf.  also  zol 

STJ^j^  yios  for  bzos,  v.  ^d-ba. 

q/ap-  bhiy  in  Lexx.  mentioned  as  the  same 

'      with  brldn-pa. 
q^qr  ^^(^  1.  large  intestine,  =  ynye-ma; 

'  '    blag-sgdr-Tno  the  windings  of  the 
intestines  G/r.,  Mil.  —  2.  certain  muscles 
under  the  arms  Mng.  —  3.  Sch.:  'flesh  of 
animals  that  died  of  dt^ease". 
qOTrq'  hzdg-pa  1.  V.  Jdg-pa.  —  2.  to  tear, 

'  '       wear,  intrs.,  of  cloth  etc. ;  to  buist, 
crack,  split  C,  W. 
q/ar-  biad^  also  bzdd-pa  Pth.  SWan;  hhadr 

'  ^    dMr  Lex. ;  bzad-lddn  Schr. :  'a  pond 
with  swans  on  it^ 

fl(5«'n'  msf'ivhhdd^ayyid4]rpa\x^\»SXlltij 
^  ^  '  "^  '  smile  Glr. ;  bidd-Ka-ma  a 
girl  with  a  smiling  face  Aft?.;  bzad-gad 
laughter,  fSg-pa  to  raise  (a  laughter)  Mil, 
bhadr-gdd-mUan  Tar.  buflPoon,  jester;  bzddr 
mo  smile,  laughing,  laughter,  bzdd-mo  bzdd- 
pa  to  laugh;  bhdd-pa-mOy  b^cul-lddn-ma  n. 
of  a  goddess,  Ssk.  Hasawati  Cs. 

^(^^'  bidb-pa  V.  Jdb-pa. 

q/M|^q'  bzdms-pa  l.also  yzdms-paSchr.f 

'  to  stroke,  pydg-gis  resp.  with  the 

hand,  to  Coax,  caress;  hence  bzams-te  DzL 


483 


q^-q- 


bhdr-ba 


iq(S|CT|5«ri^'  b^ugs'pa 


^,5,  might  perh.  be  rendered:  to  appease, 
to  pacify.  —  2.  bhams-bigo  by4drj>a  Lex.  to 
remind  of,  to  call  to  mind. 

q/M'n*  bidr-ba  to  SCrape,  with  a  knife,  to 
'  shave  or  shear,  with  a  razor  Med.\ 

$kra  bMr-ba  the  hair. 

qS-  bzi  1.  four;  bhi-pa^  biirpo  cf.  dgu-^  bit- 
'  bdu  (col.  *hib'bu*)  40,  b^i-bbu-rtsa-ydiff 
(  WMib-dt^ie-cig)^  ie-ybig  etc.  the  numbers 
41—49;  bhi-brgyd  ^DO,  6i:i-«ft>n  4000  etc. ; 
bH-^a  one  fourth,  a  quarter;  bzi-fsan^yi- 
sd^pa  pyed-dan-brgydd  the  7^  tetrads  (of 
letters)  Gram.  —  2.  often  incorr.  for  ^  or  yki. 
q^  bhn  1.  sbst.  face,  countenance,  rdb-tu 
''  mt^uff-pa  (of)  a  very  ugly  face  Dzl.^ 
Idgs-pUy  mdz^-pa  Glr.  (of)  a  handsome,  a 
pretty  face;  bUn-md^Ss-ma  a  woman  or  girl 
with  a  pretty  face;  bUn  zdgs-te  the  face 
dripping  (from  perspiration);  bt^in ^dzumrpa 
dan  btas-pa  with  a  friendly  smiling  coun- 
tenance 3/t/.  ;  bhin-pags  s^-po  the  skin  of  the 
face  being  yellow  (as  in  bilious  complaints) 
Mng. ;  biivrrds  the  appearance,  ndn^a  Med. ; 
bhiip-bzdn^  fern,  bzin-bzan-^ma^  a  polite  ad- 
dress: my  dear  Sir;  kye  bkin-bzan-dag  much 
respected  gentlemen!  also  in  other  instances 
as  a  word  of  politeness:  biwrizdn-ma  dd- 
dag  lanihte  the  ladies  rose  and  ... ;  it  seems 
to  be  particularly  in  favour,  when  appari- 
tions are  addressed  MU.  —  2.  particle,  the 
meaning  of  which  corresponds  in  part  to  that 
of  the  Greek  prep,  xata  c.  ace,  gen.  used 
as  an  adv.  b^n-^u  or  bhin.  but  also  as  an 
adj.  with  pa:  a.  joined  to  verbal  roots,  biin 
serves  to  form  with  them  a  partic.  pres., 
and  bUn-^u  a  gerund,  tugs-mnyis-blin-pai 
ndh'la  in  a  rejoicing  frame  of  .mind,  in  a 
joyful  mood  MU. ;  Uri-la  blugs-bzin-du  sitting 
on  the  chair  Dzl.\  skrdg-biin-^lu  from  fear 
Dd.  (cf.  xa^  vnvov)]  mdans  ^gywr  bUn-du 
whilst  his  colour  changes  Dzl. ;  mi  hes  bUn- 
du  kesso  ies  zer  not  knowing  it  he  pretends 
to  know  it  Stg. ;  ddd-J}hin-^u  log  son  'credentes 
discesserunt',  believing  they  went  awayA/i/. 
b.  bim('du)  as  postp.  c.  ace.,  agreeably,  in 
conformity,  according  to,  very  &q.;  }fo8  hHvr 
du  according  to  the  precepts  of  religion 
Dzl.  (cf.  xazd  vofiov)^  rgydl-pos  bsgo-ba  biin- 


du  sgrub-pa  to  execute  a  thing  according 
to  the  king's  command,  to  perform  his  order 
frq.;  Hyod  ji-akad  s^nrds^a  bUnrdu  yidn- 
cUig-la  banydd^  relating  to  the  others  ac- 
cording to  what  has  been  said  by  you,  «= 
relating  what  you  have  saic}  Dzl.\  yidrhHn-- 
du  to  heart's  content  frq. ;  like,  as,  ri  ^yil" 
ba  like  the  breaking  down  of  a  mountain 
Dzl.\  also  with  a  pleonastic  Itar:  mKdn-po 
)i-ltar  ysun-ba  bbin  Glr.,  or,  which  would 
be  the  sajaxeyji-bhinysuh-^a  Itar^  as  the  very 
learned  gentleman  has  said,  foretold ;  de  bhin- 
du  so  =  d^'ltar;  de-de-bim-no  yes,  that  is 

so;  de-bUn-nyid  (7TfBmf)>  ^^y  reality,  sub- 
stance, essentiality  Was.  (272),  identity  (297), 
in  mysticism  « ^fos-nyid  Thgy.^  v,  Stw,  comp. 
c.  ptfi-bUn^-du),  pyir-bhin^-du)  after- 
wards, subsequently  (cf.  naxoma^B).  —  d. 
distrib.  nym-ri-bHn^-du),  daily,  per  day 
{naif  ^fdiQay)^ngin'ydig^hin^uid.\re're' 
biin-gyi  mdzadrpa  Glr.  his  daily  doings. 
q>a*q-  biu^a^  v.  hu-ba  II.  and  ^u-ba^  to 

>J      melt. 

and 
biiigs-9u  ysol 
B,  bhigs('iu)  coL,  please  sit  down!  — 
biigS'Uri  chair;  throne.  —  2.  to  dwell, reside, 
bzugs-pai  po-brdh  castle  of  residence  Dzl. ; 
i^tf^s-^aire^  asmall  temple  in  which  a  deity 
resides  Dzl.\  bhuys-grdgs  fellow -lodger: 
—  3.  to  remain,  stay,  exist,  live,  Jig-rtSn- 
du  bhiigs-^a  to  be  in  the  world,  to  live  on 
earth,  of  fiuddha  and  saints;  also,  still  to 
remain  in  the  world ;  st&nrpa  biugs-pai  dus- 
su  during  the  life-time  of  tiie  Teacher  (Bud^ 
dha)  Tar. ;  Hyed  jdir  biugs  cos-mdzdd  ye 
devout  here  present  =  my  devout  friends! 
MU. ;  *iv^  yo-dham*  C.  are  you  at  home? 
*ku  hug  nan  yo-dham*  C.  are  you  coming? 
=5  welcome!  well-met! ;  transferred  to  writ- 
ings, texts  etc.,  to  be  contained,  so  in  tides 
of  books :  mdzans-blun  ies-byd-ba  biugs-so 
the  so-styled  *Sage  and  Fool'  is  contained 
(in  the  present  volume);  bid -la  bzugs-pa 
dan  glegs-bdm-du  biugs-pa  tams-bdd  yi-^er 
spel  all  that  was  found  in  the  memories  (of 
individual  persons)  and  in  books,  was  re- 
corded Tar. 

31* 


q(5»arq'  biugs-pa^  resp.  for  sddd-pa 
\}  '  ^dug-pa,  1.  to  sit,  biiigs-su 


484 


qf^'q-  biudrpa 


za 


qtsirzv  biud-pa,  resp.  to  go  away,  to  depart, 
nJ  '       B.  frq. ;  pcjx  hhud  pray,  go  away ! 
(opp.  to  feMr-iyon).^;V'Q^^  \oti^<^  ^^^ 

— -j^-— •  bzur-ba  1.  =  yzur-ba,  bzdr-ba  Cs, 
>J        —  2.  to  strain,  filter,  Sch, 
q(S»fq'  teti«-^a  V.  zu'ba. 

— J^.— •  bzSn-bay  pf.  and  imp.  62^/i8  (rZr., 
I  resp.  for  sldn-ba,  to  raise,  erect,  set 
up,  an  image,  temple;  to  maniifactore,  com- 
pose, sacred  things,  e.g.  pictures,  books;  to 
draw  up,  frame,  write,  print,  or  caase  it  to 
be  done;  to  tound,  endow,  give,  books  to 
monasteries  etc. 

'^  resp.  for  Idn-ba  to  rise,  get  up, 

intrs.  to  biin'ba\  also  with  ydr(;'la)  Glr,; 
*nyi'rdn  idw«(-«a*)   W.  are  you  risen? 
*ian(8f  please  to  get  up! 
-j^™  bzidr^a  I.  vb.,  resp.  for  ^ddd-pa^ 

•^  to  wish,  desire,  rgydl^o  yzigs  hiiidr 
dam  does  your  Reverence  wish  to  see  the 
king?  Dzl.\  rgydlrfo  ndn-du  Jbydnr-par  bUd- 
pa-la  as  the  king  wished  to  enter  Glr,;  rta 
mibi^d-na  if  your  Reverence  does  not  wish 
to  have  the  horse  Mil, ;  in  science:  to  accept, 
mJldn-pa  pyi-ma-dag  mi  bi^dn-pa  legs  it  is 
well  that  learned  men  of  later  times  do  not 
accept  it,  approve  of  it  Gram,;  tO  assert, 
maintoin,  so-sdi  bzM-fml  mdn-na  yah  al- 
though many  different  propositions  are  to 
be  met  with  Wdk,\  snd-mas  bied  earlier 
writers  are  of  opinion,  insist  on  Gram,;  of 
letters :  ga-^pul  bhed  certain  letters  require 


^  for  a  prefix  Zam.  —  II.  supposition,  view, 
opinion  Tan',  118, 21.  —  biedrdon  resp.wisli, 
"desire  Cs.,  bhed  -  don  ^grvh  it  happens  ac- 
cording to  one's  wish,  as  one  could  wish  Or. 
— !^-yq.  bh^s-pa  I.  vb.,  resp.  for  lin-pa  to 
1^      tal(e,  receive,  accept;  to  seize,  con- 
fiscate, B.,  C,  (  W,  *ndmr'b^  synon.);  Udb-lu 
bzes-fa  and  idl-gyis  biis-pa  v.  Hah  and  h(d\ 
esp.  at  meals,  to  tal(e,  to  eat,  ji  bzH-pa  b^ 
kig  Dzl,  please  take  whatever  you  like,  bzh- 
na  if  he  would  take  it,  if  it  should  be  to  his 
liking  MU,;  instead  of  Un^a  in:  dgun-lo 
bbu-ymps  bi^-pa  he  got  twelve  years  old. 
—  n.  sbst.  food,  meat,  bi^-pa  ^drSn-pa  to 
offer,  to  serve  up  meat  MU,,  Pth,  —  Comp. 
*hi'dho*  C,  food,  sweet-meats  (cf.  gro)  bhes- 
fdn  food  (?)  Sch,  —  *)^e-dhii^  (?)  Ts.  beer. 
— *ze'bhdg*C,  bread  — *ke'rdg*W,  brandy. 
— *2;^-AJr*  6'.,  hookah,  oriental  tobacco-pipe, 
the  smoke  of  which  passes  through  water. 

q^q",    q^^  bid^a,  bzds-pa  to  mill(. 


[Cf  biog-pa  v.  Jog-pa, 
q^rpr  bzogs  =  yhogs, 
?^'  bian  =  yion. 

Qgj-jM»  4idn-pa(sometimes  incorr./srdw-po) 
ii  vebi<Hilum,  riding -beast,  carriage, 
vehicle;  bidn-pa  s&mr-pa  to  order  the  horses 
to  be  put  to  Dzl,;  bion-pas  Jbrds-pa  to  take 
to  flight  in  a  vehicle  or  on  horseback  DzL; 
mi'Srun  i2:dn-pa  a  not  gentle  riding-beast  5.^. 
^^^w  bldn-ma  milldng  coyNCsybzan-pyugs 
''       milking  cattle  Glr, 


^  za  "i.  the  letter  z,  originally,  and  in  the 
frontier -provinces  to  the  present-day, 
sounding  like  the  English  z,  in  C.  differing 
from  51,  s,  only  by  the  following  vowel  be- 
ing deep-toned.  —  2.  numer.  figure:  22. 


S'    ^r  ^^'  ^^'  ^*  ^^y  thing  small,  neat, 
'  elegant,  of  a  miniature  size,  *p^cfa 

za  hig*  a  little  book,  pocket-edition,  *nod' 
bad  za  zig*  a  little  pot  or  can,  *&n  za  Hg* 
a  drop  of  beer. 


3*  zwa 


a-  zwa,  netUe,  8tmgiag  nettle,  gen.  zwa- 
^  fsdd^  being,  when  yonng,  eaten  as  greens 
(v.  fs6d-ma);zwa(i^'Pyi(rno\  'a-ya-zwa-fydd^ 
Wdn,^h\md  or  dead  nettle ;  2:K7a-2^a^  scourge 
made  of  stinging  nettles,  zwa^lddg  brgydb^ 
fa  to  flog  with  it  C%,\  zwa-ber^  the  smart 
produced  by  the  stinging  of  nettles  Ci.;  zwor 
JyHim  Wdn,  (?). 

aw  za-Hu  Med.^  e.g.  bad-kan  za-Hur  .ffyur 
!^  Mng,  prob.  the  same  word  which  Sch, 
spells  zorgu^  explaining  it  by  gonorrhoea, 
morbid  discharge  of  seminal  fluid,  semen 
pruriens. 

g-^  za-btty  bza^a  I.  vb.,perf.  zos^  bzas^  fut. 
bza^  imp.  zOy  zos(C*ze*)  l.to  eat,  both 
of  men  and  animals,  zd-bya^  zd-rgyu  what 
may  or  must  be  eaten,  za-dig-pa  DzL  (perh. 
better  bzor-yHg-pa)  one  that  takes  only  one 
meal  a  day,  or  perh. :  one  that  takes  a  so- 
Utary  meal;  zds-pas  having  eaten  DzL;  zds- 
fat  ^dg^ta  after  he  had  eaten  DzL ;  zos-^ogs 
^immediately  after  dinner' (??)  Sch,;  ma^ 
lu8-par  zd-ba  DzL,  ^ddg-mo  za^e*  W,^  to 
eat  up ^  consume,  to  clear  the  plate,  the 
manger;  bzd-ru  run-ba  or  mi-H^n-ba  what 
may  or  may  not  be  eaten;  DzL  :?@,  16  has 
also  a  supine  zds-su :  bu  zossu  ^an  she  will 
even  be  constrained  to  eat  her  own  young 
(8.Lc.);  Hm-du  zo  Zam,  may  you  enjoy 
your  dinner!  nif.;  zd-kar  at  dinner-time 
Sch;  za-zd-ba  'to  eat  often,  to  be  a  glutton' 
Cs.—  2.  to  live  upon,  to  live  by,  gla  zd-ba  to 
gain  one's  subsistence  as  a  day-labourer  Da:/. 

—  3.  to  itch,  za  oprug-pa  v.  ^prug-pa,  — 
4.  fig.  for  to  steal,  *Xtin-7»a,  gon-mo  zos  son* 
Ld.,  a  thief^  a  witch,  has  made  away  with  it 

—  5.  fig.  of  affections  of  the  mind :  to  en- 
tertain, to  give  way  to,  Kdn-KrOy  tsig-pa^  U- 
Uom  zd-ba  to  give  way  to  resentment,  anger, 
doubts.  —  U.  sbst.  food,  meat,  victuals,  za 
hi  Hfm  good  eating  and  drinking  MiL ;  *zd' 
te  zd'be^  bo-de*  W.  to  eat  food,  to  prepare 
food.  —  za-rkdn  v.  rkon.  —  zorKan  dining- 
room;  eating-house,  cook's  shop  C.  —  za- 
Mu  V.  the  preceding  article.  —  zd-mUan 
one  that  is  eating,  an  eater.  —  *za'^6g*  W. 
what  may  be  eaten,  ^za-wi-'id^  what  may 
not  be  eaten.  —  ^za-fitT*  C.  chop-sticks.  — 


ac'lc- 


485 


Tum-zxh 


zd-ma  food,  victuals,  zd'Tna  wi  ster  run 
though  you  do  not  give  me  any  food  MU. 

—  za-ydn  meat-offering  to  saints  etc.  Mil. 

—  For  mof  e  refer  to  bza. 

a-w  zd-ma  1.  v.  above.  —  2.  also  zd-ma- 
tog  Ssk.  WK^i  basket,  in  Tibetan  only 
fig.,  mostly  as  a  title  of  books,  but  also  used 
in  connection  with  mysticism. 
^^«  za-zi  trouble,  noise  Cs.,  troublesome 
chatting  Sch. ;  troubled,  bewildered,  per- 
plexed Schr. ;  in  the  passage  rrm-lam  zorzi 
man  Med.  it  seems  to  signify  troubled  dreams. 

3*3$!'  za-z&m  a  fine  cotton  fabric  Sch. 

a-x-  zd-raf  ^zd-ra  pi-mo*  W.  the  later  part 
of  the  afternoon,  v.  rdzd-ra. 

S^  zd-ru  V.  yzdr-bu. 

3'dSpV  ^^<^  heavy  silk  cloth,  za-^dg-gi  gos 
'   a  garment  made  of  it  Glr.;  za-^dg 
dgu  brisegs  Uri  a  seat  formed  of  nine  silk 
quilts.  —  zorbdb  id. 
g'Sx  •  za-hoT  n.  of  a  town  or  district,  ace. 

'  to  Cjj.  in  Bengal,  ace.  to  Pik.  in  the 
north-west  of  India,  by  the  statements  of 
Lamas  the  present  Mandi,  a  small  princi- 
pality under  British  protection,  in  the  Pun- 
jab, between  the  rivers  Byas  and  Ravi,  where 
there  is  a  sacred  lake,  celebrated  as  a  place 
of  pilgrimage,  from  which  the  Brahmins 
residing  there  derive  a  considerable  income. 
gOTCI'  ^^'P^  !•  sometimes  for  yzdg-pa^ 

'  from  ^dzdgs'pa.  —  2.  sbst,  Ssk. 
ysr^r^  misery,  affliction,  sorrow,  esp.  as  a  con- 
sequence of  sin,  hence  frq.  ==  sin,  zdg-pa 
zad  the  woe  of  this  world  is  over,  firq. ;  zdg- 
pa-Tned-pai  las  works  spotless  or  without 
sin  Thgy.;  zag-Tnid-kyi  bde-ba  untroubled 
happiness  Glr. ;  zag-bids  burdened  with  mi- 
sery and  sin,  zag-bbds-kyi  las  ysum  the 
three  sinful  works  Thgy. ;  zag-bbas-kyi  mnon 
('paryies(-pd)  Glr.  and  Thgr.f 

3CJ  zanf  Sch.:  zan-fdMu  penetrating. 

ar-ar*  zan-zdn  1.  v.  dmdr-po  extr.  —  2. 

also  zan-zifij  zih-zin,  yzin-bay  v. 
^dzins-pa;  W.  also:  muddled,  rather  tipsy. 
ar'^r'  zan-zin  1.  sbst.  matter,  object,  goods, 

=»  rdzas^  zan-ztn  'Sun-zad  tsdm-gyi 


486 


3C?f  zahs 


3^'iT  zdr-bu 

NO 


pyir  even  for  the  most  trifling  mailer  Stg,; 
l^yi-roUgyi  zah-zin  external  goods,  earthly 
possessions,  (opp.  to  internal,  spiritual  gifts) 
DzL ;  also  zah-zinkij  itself:  what  is  earthly, 
pertaining  to  this  world  Mil.  —  2.  adj.,  con- 
fused in  mind,  stupefied  &ch,,  v.  the  preceding 
article. 

^^  zam  1.  copper,  ;^8^-2:an8  gilt  copper, 
zdm-kyi  btsa  prob.  verdigris.  —  2. 
I(ettle  B.y  C,  V.  pan-^;  zdm-iu  skdlrba  to 
boil  in  a  kettle  Dzl ;  zam  k^dl-pa  a  boiling 
kettle  DzL]  ^Mdr-zans  bronze  or  brass  kettle, 
Idoffihzam  iron  kettle.  —  zani-^kydn  cop- 
per can  or  jug.  —  zam-skydgs  copper  la^le. 

—  zanS'}fM  a  large,  zans-ihin  a  small  kettle. 

—  zans-Ug  a  small  species  of  gentian.  — 
zans-tib  copper  tea-pot  —  ^zdn'ton-sa*  W. 
copper-mine.  —  zans-fdl  copper  slacks  Glr, 

—  zam-mdog  copper  colour.  —  zam-9(Ur 
copper  plate  or  dish  Sch.  —  zan^-^ndd  cop- 
per vessel.  —  *zdh'bu*  C,  TT.,  =  zans  2; 
^zdn-bu  &  hin  nyi*  two  copper  kettles,  a 
large  one  and  a  little  one.  —  zdits-ma  = 
zdnS'buf  Mng,  —  zdns-yya  Cs.:  'copper- 
green',  prob.  verdigris.  —  zdns-sa  copper- 
ore  Cs. 

gr^rm^  ^^^-dkar  south-western  pro- 
'  '      vince  of  Ladak,  zdns-dkar-pa, 
-via  man  or  woman  of  that  province. 

3^'^  zdd-pa  V.  ^dzdd-pa. 

K-  zan^  C.  *zpi*^  I.  resp.  bsdh-ma^  also 
'  Uam-zdn  MU.  1 .  pap,  porridge,  of  flour 
and  water,  thick,  boiled  or  not  boiled,  warm 
or  cold,  also  called  bdg-zan^  esp.  as  dough 
for  baking;  in  C.  porridge  is  gen.  made  of 
rtocwn-pa,  and  if  possible  of  tea;  Jyrds-zan 
rice-p.,  ^6'Zan,  roilk-p.;  porridge  being  the 
daily  food,  as  bread  is  with  us,  the  word  is 
used  also  2.  for  food  in  gen.:  zan  zd-ba  to 
take  food,  to  eat,  bdag  dan  zan  mi  zd-na 
if  you  will  not  eat  with  me  DzL ;  zan-drdit 
cold,  zan-drdn  warm  food,  zan-can  meat 
and  drink,  S.g.;  zan  btsos-pa  boiled  food; 
*zan'kdn*  dearth  W, ;  zan  zos  1 .  he  was  eat- 
ing porridge.  2.  as  one  word :  BaL  wife,  cf. 
bza ;  fig.  Ikog^zdn  zd-ba  to  take  unlawful  inter- 
est Sch.  —  3.  fodder,  provender,  v.  bzan.  — 


II.  inst.  of  za  eater,  as  second  part  of  a 
compound:  ia-zdn  meat-eater;  carnivorous 
animal  Glr,;  nya-zdn  fish-eater,  ichthyo- 
phagist;  pag-zhi  pork-eater. 


zdn-po  V.  yzdn-po. 


^pr  zab  silk,  fine  or  heavy  silk,  v.  dar-zdb; 
zab-iSn  costly  silk  cloth  iScA.;  zab-skud 
Lt,  J/*/.silk-ox>rd;  zab-Jbdl  silk. covering  for 
a  seat,  bolster  Pth. 

gprn*  zdb-pay  vb.,  adj.  and  sbst ,  to  be  deep, 
deep,  depth,  2:06-^, gen.  2:a&-mo,adj., 
deep,  frq. ;  often  fig.,  bh-zdb  Cs.i  a  pro- 
found mind  or  understanding;  zah-zdb  byas 
kyah  zdinmo  ran  mi  ^dug  although  people 
call  it  deep,  it  is  not  deep  Sch.;  zab -lam, 
zdb'fnoi  sgom-flrid  a  term  of  Buddhist  mys- 
ticism, doctrine  of  witchcrafl,  =  dbu-mai 
lam^  or  pydg-rgya  c&n-po.  — 2a6-%dd  depth, 
=  zabs^  DzL,  Mil. 
^^  s^ohs  depth,  zdbiHiu  ^dom  bbui  don  a 

pit  ten  fathoms  in  depth. 
g^'q-  zdmrpa  bridge,  gru-zam  bridge  of 
boats  C$. ;  Icdgs  -  zam^  iron  bridge, 
wire-bridge;  Icug-zam  suspension-bridge, 
by  means  of  cables  of  twisted  birch-tree 
branches;  ^drin-zam  draw-bridge  Cs.;  rdd- 
zam  1.  stone-bridge.  2.  natural  rock-bridge; 
rtsewd-zam  common  expression  for  Idug-zam 
and  fsdr-zam;  the  latter:  suspension-bridge 
by  cables  formed  of  thin  split  cane;  Hn-zam 
wooden  bridge ;  zdm-pa  ^dzugs-p^  to  throw 
a  bridge  Cs.;  zdm-pai  kd-ba  or  rkdn-pa 
the  piers  or  foundations,  span-W)^  ffpan-sgo 
the  boards  or  planks,  mda-ydb  or  lag^rtin 
parapet,  yzu-fdg  arch,  zam-ydun  beam  of  a 
bridge,  Cs. ;  zam-cin  a  large  bridge,  zam- 
iuh  a  little  one  Cs,,  zdm-bu  id. 
gj^-  zar  1.  supine  of  zd-ba;  zar  Jug^a  to 
give  to  eat  —  2.  pitch-fork,  for  shaking 
up  the  com,  hay-fork,  dung-fork;  forks  at 
dinner  are  not  yet  used  in  Tibet,  spoons 
and  knives,  and  in  Lhasa  chop-sticks,  an- 
swering their  end  sufficiently. 
gx-qq^  zar-bdbs  Sch.:  tassol;  ace.  to  our 
authorities:  goM-brocade. 

3^'^  zdr-bu  Glr.y  Mil.  seems  to  be  tasseL 


3^5r  zar-ma 


a  ^ 


4^^? 


487 


3^^  2ar-7na  i)^/.,  J/^d.  sesame-seed ;  2ar- 
wa»  me-tog  flower  of  sesame,  Schr^ 
zar-fna-cu  is  roentioned  in  Pth,,  as  Aphro- 
disiacum ;  yet  zar-mai  ras  is  stated  to  be  a 
fabric,  manufactured  from ^M?a-^dd,  muslin? 
^^  zal  Ld,  a  small  and  uninhabited  river- 
island. 
gorJf  ^'^-^wo  1.  young  cow,  heifer,  Jbri-zdl 
yak-heifer.  —  2.  a  fabulous  bird  &A. 
My  zas  food,  nourishment,  for  men  and  ani- 
mals, also  in  a  wider  fig.  sense;  zas- 
bbdd  smyun-ynas  fasting,  abstaining  from 
or  withholding  food  Lex.;  zas-bzan^-pd) 
1.  dainty  food  DzL  2.  nourishing  fare,  Wdh,^ 
zds  '  ndn('pa)  the  contrary;  zas-ni  as  to 
diet . . .  Med,;  zds-m  bi  za  what  does  it  feed 
on?  DzL;  zds-mdVaff  ^fun-ba  to  drink  blood 
for  nourishment  Do,;  zas  JsdUba  to  seek  to 
obtain  a  livelihood  Ma,;  ^tsdba  zas^  Mil. 
a  pleon.  expression  =  2:05;  Afo-ros  (resp.  lal- 
zas  B,,  sdl'wa  col.)  food,  meat,  for  human 
beings;  dkdr-zas  v.  dkdr-ba;  drndr-zas Sch. : 
'festival  dishes',  perh.  noftre  corr. flesh-meat, 
animal  food?  grd-zas  Sch,:  ^dry  traveller's 
fare' ;  pdn  -  zas,  wholesome  nutritive  food 
Med.-- 

Comp.  ^ze-kgn*  C,  dearth,  scarcity.  — 
zaS'skom  meat  and  drink,  solid  and  liquid 
food  Med.;  zas-Mnj  id.,  as  travelling- 
provisions  Glr,  —  zaS'Spydd  food  and  ex- 
ercise, diet,  in  a  wider  sense  Med,  —  zas- 
fsdd  the  due  measure  of  food,  zas-tsdd  ma 
zin  the  portion  or  share  was  not  full,  it  was 
not  the  fiill  allowance,  S,g,  —  zas-ytsdn- 
ma  (clean  food),  n.p.  ^Jlft^)  ^^e  father 
of  Buddha;  bdud-rtsi-zas,  br^-bo-zas^  zas- 
dkdr  the  names  of  his  three  brothers,  zas- 
ytsan-srds  appellation  of  Buddha  himself. 
^  zij  I.  num.  figure:  52.  —  II.  W,  1.  some- 
thing of  a  very  small  size  or  quantity,  *2t 
yan  mi  dug*  not  an  atom  is  left,  ^zi-med-- 
Man  do*  eat  it  up  to  the  last  crumb!  *mi'zi* 
a  spark  in  the  ashes  ever  so  small.  —  2.  the 
black  marie  in  a  target,  (cf.  ia). 

SuP^  zir-nil  V.  zi'Ufi, 
3*^  zi'ba  V.  yzi-ba. 


^^  zi-mu^  Sch. :  green  slime  on  standing 
water,  zt-ma-tan  what  is  covered  with 
such  a  slime. 

^•x-  zi-ra^  Ssk.  and  Hindi  ^ft^,  the  Asiatic 
caraway,  Cuminum  Cgminum,  export- 
ed from  Tibet  to  India,  of  a  powerful  aroma, 
which  to  the  taste  of  Europeans  is  often 
disagreeable;  two  kinds  are  distinguished, 
zi-ra  dkdr-po^  and  ndg-po. 
%'x^'^'  2:1 -W-n  the  humming  of  bees,  the 
singing  of  a  kettle  W. 

3'^  zi-ru  col.  for  yz^^-bu. 

^•(5jr*  zi'lin  I,  also  *zi-nil^  zi-ldh*  W.  noise, 

busUe,  tumult  — 

II.  from  the  Chinese  1 .  also  zi-lim^  zi- 
Idn  a  composition  metal,  similar  to  German 
silver,  zi-lin-pan-tse  or  ban-tse  C.  a  basin  of 
that  metal.  —  2.  n.  p.,  province,  adjoining 
the  Kokonor,  zi-lin-^a  tea  from  thence. 

3C3C  zih'Zin  v.  zaii-zin, 

Bc'^flT  2;tVi-r^/  TT.,  prob.  for  Jbdn-sbril^ 
with  *b6-ce*^  to  prepare  for  battle, 
or  to  begin  fighting. 

^x*^  zin-pa  1 .  V.  ^dzin-pa,  —  2.  =  ^dzdd- 
'  pa,  esp.  in  the  pf.  tense,  to  draw  near 
to  an  end,  to  be  at  an  end,  to  be  finished, 
exhausted,  consumed;  zin-pai  pun-po  the 
perishable,  mortal  body  Thgy.;  to  be  finish- 
ed, terminated,  nam  yan  mi  zin-to  Dzl,  it 
will  never  be  finished ;  tO  finish,  tO  get  done 
with,  building  a  wall  Glr,,  *zin  cug-^hf  W. 
id. ;  Juh  ma  zin  ddgs-pa^s  fearing  not  to 
be  able  to  drink  it  all  Glr,;  rtsi-ba  zin-pas 
as  the  playing  has  ceased,  or,  as  he  has 
done  playing  i)rZ. ;  zin(-pa)  m^d^-pai)  las 
endless  working,  unceasing  labour  Mil,; 
hence  =  fsdr-ba^  to  denote  an  action  that 
is  perfectly  past,  esp.  in  B.,  prk^gu  sky^-su 
zin  kyah  although  the  child  is  already  bom 
Do,;  ysdn^oi  fs^-na  Ji-hag-gis  de  spy  ad  zin 
we  had  enjoyed  it  during  our  life-time;  zin- 
bris  (Js,:  1 .  abridgment,  general  view,  synopsis. 
2,  lecture,  so  Schf.  Tar.  210,  22.  3.  receipt, 
quittance;  bond  (of  obligation),  bill  of  debt 
zim-bu  fine,  thin,  slender,  car  zim-bu 
mi  drdg-jyo  zig  bab  a  fine,  drizzling 


^•^ 


488 


B^'q'  ziT'ba 


^^  eur 


rain  was  falling  Dzl.^  MU.;  ISar  zim-zim 
ddUgyk  bab-pa  Mil.,  id.;  zim-zim  or  zin- 
zm  fine,  hair-shaped,  capillary,  e.g.  the  leaves 
of  some  plants. 

Sj^-q-  zir-ba^  (/zir^a?).,  gen.  *zir  tdn-de* 
W.^  to  aim,  zir^^  zir^an  a  good 
aimer,  marksman  W.\  zir-sa  aim,  dispart, 
^ne-zir*  sight  (of  a  gun)  W. 
^i^'JJ*  zir-TnOy  ^zir-mo  gyiin-be*  W.  to  slide 
down  a  snow-hill  on  the  coat  spread 
under,  a  winter-diversion  of  children. 
^-  zU  1.  (C8.  ziirmd),  brightness,  splendour, 
brilliancy,  glory,  rye-btsun-ffyi  f&gs-^jei 
zil  ma  bzddrpar  not  being  able  to  bear  the 
brightness  of  his  Reverence's  grace,  (the 
adversary  fell  down  the  mountain)  Mil,\ 
zil'dan  brilliant,  resplendent;  zil-^yis  ndn-pa 
to  overcome,  vanquish,  /coi  zil-gyis  ndn-te 
overpowered  by  him  Pth,;  zU-bar  ^d-ba 
to  increase,  multiply,  spread  Sch,  —  2.  in 
botany :  «ft>n-2t7,  Corydalis  vm/oUa;  yser-zil, 
dnulrzilf  S.g. 

3QI'^C^^  zU'dndr  v.  dnar. 

S^w  zil  pa  dew,  zil-pa  Urom-mS  a  spark- 
ling dew-drop  Pth,\  zil  dkdr  hoar- 
frost Sch, ;  zU-mnar  Cs,  =  mdud^'tsi  nectar. 
^fji-qx-q^  zU'bun-pa  a  slight  shuddering 
^  ^       from  fear. 

^  ZU,  num.  figure:  82. 

aqr  zug  1.  also  yzug,  pain,  torment,  phy- 
^^'  sical  and  mental;  distemper,  illness, 
complaint,  esp.  W,  *ztig  ra^  I  feel  a  pain, 
I  am  ill,  *g6'la  zug  rdgga*  have  you  the 
head -ache?  *zug  bo  dtig*  he  is  ill,  he  is 
suffering  from  pain ;*sd-2:t^^*  toothache;  zug- 
rnu,  zug-yzer,  resp.  snyun  or  snyith-ziLg, 
B,  and  col.  =  ztLg,  mya-ndn-gyi  zug-rniLS 
sdug-bsnal-zin  weighed  down  by  the  grief 
of  misery,  nyon-^mdns-kyi  zug-rnu  Mil.,  of 
the  like  import.  —  2.  also  yzug,  the  prin- 
cipal or  main  pieces  in  cutting  up  an  ani- 
mal, quarters,  zug-tu  ^prdUba  to  cut  into 
such  pieces  MiL ;  1  zv^g  =  3  Ihu  =  6  dum  = 
1 2  rgya-^,  —  3.  v.  tsug, 

W^^  2^ii^-rww  V.  ziig  1. 


Mi-q-  zug-pa  I.  vb.  1.  v.  ^dzttgs-pa,  —  2. 
^'      to  baric  Dzl 

II.  sbst.  building,  erection,  "ziig-pa  gydb- 
pa*  r«.  to  build  (cf.  Jtz^ys-pa  3). 
^^  zun  1.  earlier  literat.  and  W,  a  pair, 
couple,  ziin-du  ma  mdis  not  occarring 
in  pairs  Wdn.;  ^M-bu  zun  dig*,  Ld.  a  pair 
of  pendants  (for  the  ears);  nyi^zld  zun  ydig 
bts&n-du  bzun  sun  and  moon  are  both  shut 
up  (covered  by  clouds)  Mil. ;  zun-mifog  the 
model-pair,  the  two  principal  disciples  of 
Buddha,  Sariibu  and  Maudgalgyibu,  Kopp. 
I,  101 ;  zun-lddn  agreeing  in  sound,  rhyming 
Cs.;  zun-Jyril  connection,  junction,  union,  ;zu/t- 
jyrel  ^dddrna  if  one  wishes  both  things  to 
be  united  Glr.\  zun-brM-du  one  after  the 
other,  or  one  with  the  other  Pih, ;  zun  sd^s- 
pa  to  join,  connect,  unite  Mil.;  zun-yd  one 
half  of  a  pair,  a  single  one,  e.g.  shoe  etc. 
Cb.  —  2.  a  single,  separate  piece  C\  and 
sometimes  in  later  literat.;  Ka-drdd  zun  cig 
a  bit  or  mouthful  of  food  Thgy.;  tsar  re 
zun  re  bltds-pas  when  he  had  seen  a  single 
piece  but  once,  (he  knew  it  immediately) 
Tar.  —  3.  symb.  num.:  2;  zun-pydgs  id. 

—  zun-^ing  a  technical  term  of  practical 
mysticism,  the  forcing  the  mind  (sems^  into 
the  principal  artery,  in  order  to  prevent 
distraction  (of  mind)  (!)  Mil.  (v.  ytiainr^mo). 

^l^^^^zun-mUdr  n.  of  a  royal  castle  Qbr. 
^C^'  zim-ba  v.  ^dzin-pa. 

^?r  zuns  V.  yzum. 

Sfl'H'  zuh-pa  inst  of  bsiibs-pa,  pf.  of  mb- 

pa  Glr. 
Mj-q*  ziimrpa  1 .  V.  ^dzitm^a.  —  2.  W.  for 
bzun-ba,  v.  ^dzin-pa]  hence  zum-kdb 
pin,  brooch. 

a:^'  zur  1.  edge,  gad-zur  edge  of  a  steep 
river-bank  or  precipice  consisting  of 
conglomerate  Cs.\  hi-zit/r  edge  of  the  water, 
border,  brink,  bank,  ^-zitr-pa  one  that 
lives  on  the  bank  of  a  river;  ziStr-na  at 
the  border  (of  the  place  where  one  happens 
to  be)  Mil.  *iin'Zur'n§  lam  yod*  W.  the 
road  leads  along  the  field ;  board,  of  a  ship. 

—  2.  edge,  comer,  Kd-ba  zur-brgydd-pa 


I^-Sf  zk 


zur-mo 


»^^'  zSr-ba 


489 


octangular  pillar  S^.,  (v.  zur-dan  and  zul- 
ma  below);  zur  bli  the  four  comers  Sch. 

—  3.  side,  *zur'du  (or  Idg-m)  hag^a*  C, 
to  lay  aside;  zitr^-du)  bkol-ba  Lex,,  Sch.: 
to  lay  up,  put  by,  spare,  save;  ziir-du  Jcridr- 
pa  to  take  aside,  apart,  for  a  private  con- 
versation; so  also  zur  pyin-pa  Stg.\  zur- 
duy  z^r-ffyis  B,  ^zur-na*  W,,  indirectly^  by 
the  way,  by  the  by,  incidentally,  zur-du  smrd- 
ba  to  speak  indirectly,  by  hints  6i.;  zm'- 
ffyis  mtsdn^a  Tar.  to  note,  point  out  only 
by  hints  or  insinuations  Sch/.;  hence  perh. 
t9ig  zitr  invective  speech,  *f»ig'Zvr  ma  zer* 
W,  no  invectives!  dont  be  personal!  zur 
zd-ba  is  prob.  the  same,  where  Sch,  has: 
to  address  harshly;  ^zur-ne  Idb-be*  W.  to 
learn  or  study  privately  (out  of  school-time, 
or,  not  with  the  appointed  master);  zur 
bhiffs-^a  Cs,  (prob.  for  zurdu)  to  lead  a 
private  life  (cf.  ^wr-pa);  zur  mig  Itdba  tO 
look  sideways,  askance,  to  leer,  squint  Sch. 

—  4.  outline,  Icyod  dan  zur  ^dra  tsam  yah 
sa  8teh  med  none  on  earth  is  like  you,  or 
can  be  compared  to  you,  even  in  a  general 
outline  Pth.;  jM-dag  zur  tsam  bsdu-ba 
yin-gyis  this  is  merely  a  brief  outline,  ex- 
tract, sketch  Glr,  and  elsewh.,  frq.,  also 
zur  isam  yin-gyis  Glr.  — 

Comp.  zur^kody  zur-^debsy  Sch.:  'founded 
for  a  special  purpose'.  —  zur-dan  cornered, 
angular,  yi-ge  Glr.  p.  31,  a  sort  of  type  or 
printing-letter,  =  klui  yt-ge^  v.  also  no.  2 
above.  —  zur-^dg  ScL:  prop.,  having  a 
broken  edge,  damaged  by  being  knocked 
about;  gen.  fig.,  of  words  and  grammatical 
forms :  faulty,  corrupted,  misapplied ;  Ld^.  and 
elsewh.,  Ssk.  irq^nr.  ^^^  ^^^^  vitiated  Pra- 
krit-dialect Was.  (267).  —  zur-^d^bs  =  zur- 
bkddrzur-ndr  private  goods  Cs.  —  zur-pa 
one  out  of  office,  a  private  individual  Cs. 

—  ziur-ma  =  zur  pro  v.  —  zur-ysds  educated 
by  strangers  Sch. 

^^^  zur-mo  pain,  =  zuy.^  vulg. 


a^*^■ 


zur-pM  Glr.  hair-knot,  dressed  hair 
Sch. 

aoj-j^r  ziiUma  W.  cornered,  angular,  =  zur- 
^an\  ^pi-ziiV  lotus-edged,  of  bowls, 


dishes,  plates,  that  are  of  a  polygonal  or 
radiated  shape. 

a  ze  I.  num.  figure:  1 12. 

II.,  also  z^-ba  B.,  TF.,  zen  Cs.  1.  hump 
of  a  camel,  zebu  etc.  Cs.  —  2.  crest,  of  birds, 
dragons  etc.  GZr.,  S.g.\  also  ze-prdg  Lex. 
—  z^'KaCs.:  1.  'hump.  2.  decorated  pad  or 
cushion\  —  ze-rh6g  Cs,  =  zi-ba.  —  ze-Jyrky 
zeunjbru  Glr.y  Mng.  the  anthers  of  a  flower. 
^C^mr  2^^-^  W.  the  maw  or  fourth  stomach 
^  '   of  ruminating  animals. 

3'^'  zi-ma  W,  elastic  spring. 

B'(3^*  2:^-few7a  saltpetre  S.g,\  z^^fswa-dan 
^  containing  saltpetre,  nitrous;  z^-fsai 
skyur-rtsi  nitric  acid  Cs. 

S^rpr^'  z^gs-ma  impurity,  smut,  dirt  Sch, 

^r*  ^^^y  fu-ba  yydS'Zeh  yydn-zeh  byds-pa 
the  skirts  of  the  coat  on  the  right  and 
left;  side  folded  back,  tucked  up  Mil. 
"^  zed  I.  sbst.  1.  brush,  pag-zid  brush  of 
'  hog's  bristles;  Jyai-^J^d  clothes-brush, 
dust-brush  Cs,;  so-zid  tooth-brush  Cs.  — 
2.  edgeC.  —  II.  adj  Sch,:  'broken  off,  da- 
maged, injured;  z^d-lahs  chink,  crack,  rent; 
zM-Jtug-pa  to  crumble  at  the  top*  (?). 
'^gn-  zem  1.  cask,  barrel,  tun,  often  sonsisting 
merely  of  an  excavated  piece  of  a  wil- 
low-tree, the  Tibetans  knowing  but  little  of 
coopery  C,  W.  —  2.  box,  chest  W.  —  zem- 
sin  the  body  or  wood  of  a  vessel,  zem^mfil 
the  bottom  of  a  vessel  Cs. 
'^x:  ^^^  !•  V.  yzer.  —  2.  talk,  cf.  bfyod.  — 

3.  n  of  a  small  animal  Afed. 
'^X^^  zer-ba  1  (seldom  ^dzer-ba)  tO  say, 
esp.  later  literat.  and  vulg  ;  Kyodz^- 
ba  bdM-no  you  say  rightly  Dzl.  (where  at 
other  times  always  smra-ba  is  used  inst.  of 
it) ;  he  he  zer  bgdd-pas  they  laughed  he,  he ! 
Glr. ;  ?05  dar  zer  rgyai  yig-fsah-na  ^dug  then 
the  doctrine  was  diffused,  say  the  Chinese 
records  Glr.\  after  words  quoted:  . .  ,zir- 
bar  ^dug-pas  thus  having  been  spoken, 
read,  heard  Glr.;  ^yirC  zer  bsnyon  byds-so 
saying  'it  is  he\  she  told  a  lie  (7Zr.,  and  so 
frq.  zei\  where  in  earlier  literat.  ies  is  used; 
z^-na  1.  if  one  says,  esp.  for  the  older  ie- 


490 


^3T  z^l-ma 


f^ 


zld-ba 


Tia,  frq.  2.  if  I  may  say  so,  so  to  speak,  as  H 
were;  *di'la  cizer*  what  is  this  called?  frq , 
also  without  la;  to  make  a  noise,  e.g.  *8ag 
sag  z^-wa*  C.  to  foam  with  a  hissing  noise, 
to  sparkle,  of  wine,  beer;  zir-mkan  1.  he 
that  is  saying.  2.  W,^  said,  called,  mentioned, 
esp.  for  the  older  hes  byd-ba.  —  *z^'ke**  C\ 
rumour,  report.  —  ^zer-pog-iian*  W.  speak- 
ing in  an  uncivil  or  offensive  manner.  — 
zer-ri  C.  rumour.  —  2  to  drive  in,  nails,  v. 
yz^r-ba, 

^'jT  zeUma  small  Chip,  Uh-zel  wood-shav- 
ings  W. 

3    zo  I.  num.  figure:  142. 

II.  imp.  of  zd-ba, 

ni.  sbst.  resp.  sku-zd^  =  his-kyi  Marns 
physical  constitution,  akurzo  mdog  Uga-la  as 
the  appearance  of  your  majesty's  bodily 
constitution  is  so  excellent  Glr.;  zo  bzdn-ba 
a  good  complexion  Cs,  —  2.  figure,  deli- 
neation, representation,  perh.  better  to  be  spelt 
bzo  (?)  —  3.  mould,  zo-Mga  showing  mouldy 
spots  Sch,  (?) ;  zo-mdr  old,  mouldy  butter, 
so  prob.  S.g.;  zo-^a  Lt  mouldy  meat 
^5^-  zo'ba  1.  sbst.,  pail,  bucket,  Un-zo 
wooden  pail,  cu-zo  water -pail.  —  2. 
vb.  V.  bzO'ba. 
'0n'  zog  1 .  deceit,  fraud,  falsehood  {Lex.  ^ 

'  rdzub),  zdg-can  1.  lying,  deceitful;  liar 
W.  2.  adulterate,  counterfeit  W,\  zog-lddn, 
zdg-po  Cs.  id.,  zog-mid  the  opp. ;  sgyu-zdg 
(religious)  hypocrisy  Ptii. ;  cos-zdg  priestcraft 
Mil.\  ^zoUzdy*  ==  zog  W.  —  2.  vulg.  pronun- 
ciation in  C.  and  W.^  inst.  of  the  following. 
^-  zon  (vulgo  zog)  1.  ware,  merchandise, 
goods,  zon-miri'mndr  not  goods  but 
ready  money  Lex. ;  rgydgs-zon  goods  taken 
by  travellers  along  with  them  to  be  bart- 
ered for  provisions;  smdn-zon  drugs;  fsdn- 
zon  merchandise  C%.;  zoh-mams  imdm^pa 
sna-fsdgs  goods  of  all  kinds;  ^zdg-gi  ddg- 
po*  Ts.  owner  of  the  goods,  master  of  the 
estate,  heir,  =  nor-bdag.  —  2.  Sch.  worth, 
price(?).  —  3.  Sch.  doubt(?).-  4.  Sch.  Iie(?). 
^^  zon  attention,  heed,  care,  gen.  zon  byed- 

'  pa^  to  pay  attention,  to  take  heed,  to 
beware,  dgrd-la  of  an  enemy  Pth. ;  also  c. 


^' 


accus.  MU. ;  zon  sddg-pa  spon  rm  hes  seems 
to  mean:  not  knowing  the  attention  needful 
for  renouncing  sin  Thgy.;  zon^^n^d  heedless; 
zon -grabs  provision,  precaution,  preventive 
measure  Sch. 

q-  z&n-pa  Ts.,  stuff-  or  woolen  shoes; 
*bob'ZQn*  id.,  covered  with  leather, 
^  zob  Ts,  *zob'z6bjh£-pa*  to  shake  tho- 
roughly, =  Jbdlrba. 
^^-  zom  1 .  point,  top,  rdo-ryei  of  the  dor-)e 
Dom  ;  summit,  of  the  Rirab  and  some 
other  mountains  S.O.  and  elsewb.;  zom-Hdg 
dull,  simple,  stupid,  Sch.  —  2.  cave  Sch., 
brag-zdm  rock- cavern. 
^x'  ^ior,  1.  sup.  of  zd-ba,  bzd-ba  Sch.  — 
2.  sbst.  the  weapons  employed  in  com- 
bating the  evil  spirits  in  the  ytdr-jna,  such 
as  knife,  sword,  sling,  bow  and  arrows  etc.; 
zor-Ka  the  fore-  or  front-part,  the  edge,  of 
the  weapons  directed  against  the  demons, 
zor-Ua  ^^-pa  Cs.:  to  fling  those  weapons 
a  gainst  the  spirits. 

^x'n*  -sc^-^^  sickle,  z6r-bas  rnd-ba  Mil, 
fhddr^a  Cs.  to  cut  with  a  sickle,  zdr- 
Ice  sickle-blade;  zor-^h  small, 2:or-?<^  large 
sickle,  scythe,  though  in  Tibet  as  yet  hardly 
known ;  zor-rtul  blunt,  dull,  zor-mdn  sharp 
sickle;  z6r-bu  =  zor-cu?i. 

'^^l^' zor-ydn  Sch.:  small,  short  (?). 

S^^'  zol'fso  V.  Jtzdl'ba. 

'^^'^^  ^o^;3:d^deceit,fr&ud,imposhire,  false- 

'  hood,  zoUzdy  byid-pa^  W.  *eO'Ce*, 
to  deceive,  impose  on,  e.g  in  traffic  Thgy., 
zdl'zog-iian  deceitful,  fraudulent,  zol^-zog)- 
mid  without  deceit,  free  from  guile,  artless 
Mil. 

3^  zos  V.  zd-ba. 

S  zla  1.  for  zld-ba.  —  2.  for  zld-bo. 

=-CT«  zld'ba  I.  sbst.  1.  pro  v.  zla,  mOOn,  frq.; 
^  Tnlcai  zld  -  ba  celestial  moon  Ijcx.,  to 
distinguish  it  from  2.  dus-kyi  zld-ba  tem- 
poral moon  or  month,  zld-ba  ybig,  B ,  W^, 
*da  cig*  6'.,  one  month;  *  zld-ba  ma  ^Uor 
hog*  come  before  the  end  of  the  month  Sch.; 
zld-ba  fsdn-du  nyd-bas  towards  the  expi- 


£<Vv*^«^      Cti-^tvv*      c6w*WX^ 


<x 


<f^' 


zld'ba 


3 


491 


3^'^'  zlum-pa 


ration  of  the  months  (of  pregnancy)  DzL ; 
zla^duB  tim-pa  dan  at  the  expiration  of 
those  months  Glr  ;  cf.  also  no  5.  —  3.  symb. 
num  :  1.  —  Combinations  and  comp.  zld-bai 
dkyil-Jior^  zla-dkyil,  *da  Uyir-mo*  W.  disk 
of  the  moon;  *da  gan  son*  W,  the  moon  is 
full;  *da  gan-po  or  son-te*  W.  zld-ba  rgyds- 
pa  Pth.,  nya-^gyds  zld-ba  Pth.  full  moon; 
nya  day  of  full  moon;  zla('ba)  /ldm(-^a)^ 
zla-gdmy  W,  ^da-ped^  half  moon,  i.e.  the 
first  and  last  quarter;  semicircle,  ^Za-6a  Mvi- 
pa  Itd^-bur  bldg-go  they  are  placed  round  in 
a  semicircle  Do. ;  dbyibs  zla-gdm  Itd-bur  yod 
it  is  semicircular  in  shape  Glr. ;  zld-bai  no 
V.  wo;  zla-fSb  =  zla-^dl;  zla-ndg  new  moon 
ScA.  (?);  zla-pdgs  monthly  wages;  zla-tsis 
i.  ^  zld'ba  tsh'paj  fses-yswrn-zld-ba  Mil, 
the  moon  on  the  first  two  or  three  evenings 
of  her  being  visible;  crescent,  z^-fs^s  ltd- 
bu  in  the  shape  of  a  crescent,  S.g.;  it  is  also 
used  as  an  image  of  speedy  decay.  —  2.  date 
Schr.(?)  —  zla-mfsdn  the  monthly  courses; 
also  the  discharges  of  them,  zla-mtsdn  ^dzag 
the  catamenial  discharges  flow  Cs  ;  zla- 
mtsdn-can  Stg.y  zla-mfsdn  dan  Iddn-pa  S.g. 
having  the  monthly  courses;  zla{'ba)-h6l, 
'161^  "fib^  zla-lhdg^  W.  *da'iul*  intercalary 
month ;  the  separate  months  of  the  year  are 
usoally  counted  from  zld-ba  ddn-po  to  bcu- 
ym/is-pa,  yet  there  are  also  particular  names 
for  them,  viz.  ace.  to  Qj.  :  '   * 

1 .  Jbrug-zla,  hd  zld-ba,  rtd-pa  zld-ba, 

2.  sbiid-zla,  Urd-zla.,  dbd-zla,  ^^f^- 

3.  rta(%)  zla(-ba)y  ndg-zla,  %i| 

4.  lug-zla,  sd-ga-zla-ba,  %J([^ 

5.  sprd-zla,  snron-zla,  ^K\ 

6.  byd-zUby  cu-sndd-zla-ba,  n^mjigl 

7.  ]iyi-zla,  gro-bhin-zla-ba,  ^m,Ml€l 

8.  pdg-zla,  Krum-zlay  HT^I^ 

9.  byi-zla,  fa-skdr-zld-ba,  nf(jq|if^ 

10.  glan-zla,  smin- drug-zla-ba,  ^rrHnTT 
II., sidg-zla,  mgd-zla,  ^<|fi|< 

12.  yoS'Zla,  rgydt-zla,  xft^ 

11.  vb.,  also  zld-ba,  zUs-pa,  pf.  bzlas, 
bzlos,  fut.  bzloy  imp.  zlos,  1.  to  say,  tell,  OX- 

S,  zloam  mi  zlo  shall  you  tell  it  or  not? 


Pth.;  yhdn-la  zld-ba  Lex.  to  tell  others;  yid- 
morrans-pa-nyid  pyir  zlds-par  byid-pa  to 
express  one's  dissatisfaction  Stg.  (?).  —  2. 
to  murmur  or  mutter  over,  to  recite  softly 
or  quite  silently,  prayers,  spells  etc.,  also 
hub-bus  zld-ba  Zam. ;  yi-ge-drug-pa  Ian-dig 
bzlds-pai  bsdd-nams  Glr.  the  merit  of  saying 
once  the  six-syllable  prayer,  and  as  such 
saying  generally  is  done  repeatedly,  it  is 
synon.  with  to  repeat  —  3.  to  answer,  reply 
Cs.;  Mil.  nif. — 4.  undoubtedly  a  less  correct 
spelling  for  Jia-ba  (for  which  reason  the 
secondary  forms  with  o  are  wanting),  to  pass, 
to  get  beyond,  la  zld-ba  to  cross  a  mountain- 
pass,  ndd'kyi  la  zld-ba  to  be  past  hope  of 
recovery  6«.;  also  trs.,  mya-ndn-las  zld-ba 
to  deliver  from  pain,  to  help  to  eternal  hap- 
piness. 

a-JJ^  zld-bo  1.  =^  grogs,  W.  ^yd-do"",  com- 
^  panion,  associate,  zld-bo  by^d-pa  to  ac- 
company, attend,  assist,  rkAn-zla  a  thief  s  ac- 
complice i)^/.;  ^grdn-zla  rival,  competitor 
(v.  ^grdn-pa  extr.);  yny^-zla,  v.  ynyen; 
bzd-zla  spouse,  COnsort(male  or  female)  Z^;r. 
—  srid-zla  Mil.  partner  for  life;  zla-yzdn 
a  woman  whose  husband  is  dead  ('who  has 
eaten  him').  —  2.  friend,  acquaintance  B. 
and  col.  —  3.  lover,  bridegroom;  spouse  in 
C.  TozZa  standing  for  2;Zd-6o,  may  be  referred 
zlas-dbye  Zam.,  expl.  by  ^f*^  pair,  COUple, 
combination,  viz.  of  a  thing  and  its  reverse, 
hence  zlas-py^-ba  reverse,  contrary,  e.g. ydd- 
pai  zlas-jry^-ba  med-pa  Sch. 
SP\(^)^'  -^^W-P^j  pf-  bzlugs,  fut.  bzlug, 
^'^  "^  to  give  notice,  send  word,  inform 
Sch.yprin-yig-gis  bzlugs-pa  he  informed  him 
by  a  letter /S^.,  notfrq.;  in  Lexx.  explained 
by  yhdn-la  snydd-pa,  and  gd-bar  byed  ^ug- 
pa.  — 

wf-jy  zlum-pa  1  adj  ,  more  frq.  zlum-po, 
^^  (;='^k(yr-k&r*C.,*kyir-kytr''W.) 
round,  circular,  dbyibsm  shape  Glr.;  roundish, 
rounded,  obtuse,  zlum-por  rtsig-pa  to  erect 
a  round,  cylindrical  wall,  e.g.  for  a  monu- 
ment; clubby,  clumsy,  e.g.  of  a  short  and 
thick  tobacco-pipe;  rkdh-pa  zlumr-pa  club- 
footed  Stg.;  globular,  spherical,  e.g.  cavities 
in  the  human  body  S.g.;  dku-zlum  Zam. 


492 


S^T^^'  zlitTnrjki'ie 


(ace.  to  the  Ssk,)  the  interior  rounding  of 
die  abdomen.  —  2.  vb.  1.  to  mix  together 
Sch, ;  to  put  together,  collect,  tsogs  merit  Lexx. 
2.  for  btum^a  Pth. :  dgi-JHun  dim-zlum  zabs- 
r)4n  clerics  with  their  heads  wrapt  up  and 
barefooted.  3.  for  ^dum-pa.  —  zlum  -  ril 
globular  Cs.  —  "zlum-bu*  W,  host,  swarm, 
troop,  crowd. 

Mjw^-  zlum-puse  (or  risef)  a  mole-like 
!5^  ^  auimal  Ld,  (whether  the  same  as 
rdza-bra^). 

5^  zl6-ba  V.  zld'ba,  II. 

^n-q-  zldg-puy  pf  zlogn^  fut.  bzlog^  trs.  to 
^ '  Iddff-pa,  to  cause  to  return :  1.  to  drive 
back,  repulse,  an  army  DzL;  to  dispel,  expel, 
evil  spirits  Dom.;  to  send  back.  —  2.  in  a 
gen.  sense:  to  send,  dispatch,  people  to  fetch 
something  DzL  frq.  —  3.  to  turn  off,  divert, 
bsdm-^a-las  from  an  intention  DzL;  with  bio 
to  divert  the  mind  from,  to  dismiss  a  thought^ 
to  give  up,  to  banish  from  one's  thoughts 
Thffy.y  ynyinrgyi  yduns^ms  zlog  dka  it  is 
hard  to  give  up  the  love  of  kindred  alto- 
gether MiL ;  del  fugs  slar  zl6g-tu  ysol  we 
beg  you  to  dismiss  the  thought  of  it  DzL*^ 
to  dissuade  from  Tar.  40, 5;  to  avert,  injury, 
evil  consequences,  frq. ;  to  prevent,  nad-sH 
the  healing  of  a  disease  S.g,  —  zlog-fdbs 
antidote  Ma.  —  4  to  subvert,  overthrow  (?). 
5.  mti  no  to  resist,  to  be  unyielding,  uncompli- 
ant DzL 

'^jms:  '^'mx:  Ms-gar,  zlod-gar  Stg. 
^  I  '  S  1  I  a  dance,  zUs-gar  byH- 
^a to  dance,  sldb-pa  to  teach  or  learn  dancing; 
zUs-^ar-mHan  a  dancer. 

^T^'  zUa-pa  V.  zld'ba. 

qpn-  yza  I.  ^  1.  planet, /-saMwn  the  well- 
'  known  seven  heavenly  bodies  called 
in  ancient  times  planets,  viz.  Sun,  Moon, 
Mercury,  Venus,  Mars,  Jupiter  and  Saturn; 
sometimes  the  ascending  knot  ("^CTir)  is 
added  to  the  number,  sometimes  also  the 
descending  knot  (^),  and  then  there  are 
yza  brgyad  or  yza  dgu,  eight  or  nine  planets. 
The  former  seven  denote  also  the  days  of 
the  week:  yza-nyi-ma  Sunday,  yza-zld-ba 


Monday,  yza-mig-dmar  Tuesday,  yzorlhag- 
ma  Wednesday,  yza-pur-bu  Thursday,  yzor 
pa  (or -4<?a)-sd««  Friday,  yza-sp^n-^a  Satur- 
day, and  the  signs  for  them  in  the  calendar 
are :?, :?,  5,  c^,  V,  nS,  ®;  yzai  yndd-pa  hurtful 
influence  of  the  planets.  —  2.  yza-len-fo^ 
and  often  yza  alone,  =  rd-hu,  hence  nyi-zh- 
yzaS'^dzin  or  yzaz-hzun  eclipse  of  the  sun 
or  moon,  v.  zgraryhan\  ace.  to  Pth.  every 
uncom  m  on  or  alarming  sidereal  phenomenon 
seems  to  be  personified  as  yza.  —  3.  symb. 
num.:  9.  —  4.  vulgo:  rainllOW.  —  yza-Mr, 
1.  planets  and  fixed  stars,  nyi-^zla-yzardcar 
the  sun,  moon,  planets,  and  stars.  —  2.  con- 
stellation, yza-skar-ndn  an  adverse  confi- 
guration S.g.  —  yza-tcyim  Cs,  'the  placed 
more  corr.  ^the  house'  of  a  planet,  the  con- 
stellation in  which  the  planet  stands.  —  yza- 
nddCs.  and  Schr.:  apoplexy;  in  W.  it  seems 
to  be  used  only  for  epilepsy;  yzapdg-pa  id.; 
yzd-pog-mkan,  yzd-brggab-pa  epileptic.  — 
bld^yza,  srdg-yza,  yUd-yza,  md-yza  grdg^ 
yza,  bu-yzay  dgrd-yza,  klun-su-dar-yza  WdL 
and  several  more,  are  astrological  terms, 
not  to  be  clearly  defined.  —  II.  sometimes 
for  bza,  q.  v. — III.  W.  rubble-stones,  bowlders, 
detritus,  yzor-rdn  ravine  filled  with  detritus; 
a  better  spelling  seems  to  be  rdza. 

^TjSOrj'Cr  yzdg  pa  v.  J^dg-pa,  jizag-pa. 

Mgn^q-  yzdgs-pa  1.  v.  yzdbs-pa.  —  2.  lo 

'  '  magnify,  multiply  Sch. 
CTK-  yzan  1.  v.  bzan  and  yzan-pa;  /ban^ 
'  '  j-zan,  q.  v.  —  2.  esp.  W!,  commonly 
yzan-^6%  plaid,  =  bla-gds  v.  bla.  fzanstdn 
Zam.  id.?  rntd-yzdn  napkin,  nif.  Lex. 
qiM-q-  yzdn-pa  1.  to  eat,  devour  Cs.  —  2. 
''  to  gnaw,  mostly  fig. :  fySr-ma  zdbs- 
la  yzan  the  thorn  hurts,  annoys,  the  (doI 
Mil.;  of  clothes:  to  wear  out  C;  adj.  yzdn- 
pa  and  yzdiv-po  wom-out,  threadbare;  sem- 
la  yzan  it  gnaws  at  the  heart  Mil.,  srdg-k 
it  preys  upon  life  Mil.,  ^nd-wa-la*  C.  it 
deafens  the  ears,  =  stin-Jbyin-pa ;  yzdn^ 
skgur-ba  (lit.  to  give  to  devour,  e.g.  a  body 
to  demons),  to  scorn,  slight,  despise  ift^;  to 
throw  away,  squander,  waste,  lavish,  gen.  in 
the  forms  (Sud^yzdn-pa,  ;  sdn-pa,  v.  ^ud. 


C(     iw-"'  '1' 


^pr^r  yzdb'pa 

msq'zr  yzdlhpaI,Cs/cle9ai\ScL  also 'clear, 
•^  carefur;  bzdb-pa  Cs.  line,  elegant'. 
In  books  1  met  with  neither  form ;  in  col.  lan- 
guage, however,  are  used :  *zdb^mo*  1 .  dressed 
up,  smart,  =  m^dr-po.  2.  fond  of  dress,  vain. 
—  *zab'be*  W,  to  dress  one's  self  up.  — 
*zdb-go8*  W.  festival  raiment,  holiday-clothes 
(opp.  to  rgyiin-gos),  —  *zab'tdd^  W.y  *zab' 
tS*  C.  (lit.:  sprod)  *tan  son*  he  is  dressed 
up,  very  smart.  —  Sch. :  yzdb-yig^  ^elegant 
writing',  the  Tibetan  printed  letters,  dfrii- 
ban.  — 

II.  V.  yzdbs-pa. 

27|3T^'  yzdb-ma  bundle,  bunch,  of  grapes  C. 

mga^zr  yzabs-pa^  also  yzdb-pa^  yzdgi^pa 

•^  Le.r.,  imp.  yzobs,  to  use  care,  di- 
ligence, h  ybig  zas-spydd  yzdbs-pas  by  a 
careful  diet  continued  for  a  year  Mng, ;  to 
take  care,  to  beware,  dd-las  yzobs  beware  of 
it,  be  on  your  guard  against  it  Sch. 
qr^x^  yzar  Lex,,  peg,  hook,  wooden  nail,  for 

'        hanging  up  things;  yzar-sldri  a  pan 
that  may  be  hung  up. 
qigirn'  yzdr-bu  (col.  zd-ru)  ladle,  gen.  of 

^  ^  wood,  yzdr-bu  jpyar  she  wields  the 
ladle,  she  swings  it  for  a  blow  Mil. ;  dgdn- 
yzar  and  blugs-yzar  two  spoons  or  ladles, 
with  long  handles,  used  at  burnt-offerings 
ScA/.249. 
mS^'CT  yz^'''''ba\,2Ay)'zdr'po^^^PjTVi%%tA, 

^  precipitous,  brag  mtd-la  yzdr-ba-la 

near  a  high,  precipitous  rock  Mil. ;  ri  yzdr- 
po^  brag  yzdr-po  slope,  declivity,  of  a  hill 
or  rock;  brag-yya/h-yzdr  Mng.  id.;  ri  yzdr- 
gyi  nos  steep  declivity,  cliff  Thgy,\  ri-yzar- 
iu  waterfall,  cataract  GZr. ;  yzar-Ky&m^a 
to  get  dizzy  on  a  steep  height  Sch.  —  2. 
vb.  V.  Jkdr-ba. 
qo^q*  yzojs-pa  to  be  about,  to  be  on  the 

^         point,  to  prepare,  m^dns-par^  bsddr 
par  yzds-pa-las  when  he  was  on  the  point 
of  leaping,  of  killing  D^Z.;  rkd-bar  yzds-so 
he  prepared,  began,  to  dig  out. 
q&'  yzi  1.  shine,  brightness,  clearness,  splen- 

'     dour;  ^fdn-zi^  W.  looming,  mirage.  — 
2.  n.  of  a  half-precious  stone,  variously  co- 


2T|3C^  yzim 


493 


loured,  brown,  gray,  streaked  G/r ,  Pth.  — 
3.  V.  sub  yzir-ba.  —  4.  v.  bzi.  — 

Comp.  yzi-ban  shining,  bright,  e.g.  a 
star  W.  —  yzinbfjid  1.  brightness,  beauty,  a 
fair,  healthy  complexion,  =  7wdaw5,  or  joined 
with  it,  frq  ;  majesty,  e.g.  of  deities  etc.  Dzl. 
2.  honour,  esteem,  celebrity;  yzi-brjid-ban 
1.  bright,  beautiful,  majestic.  2.  celebrated, 
famous,  distinguished.  —  yzi-mdam  I. 
healthy  appearance  S.g.  2.  vulgo  also  evening- 
red,  evening-sky,  nif.  —  yzi-byin  =  yzi-bryid 
1;  yzi^bym  nydms-pa  looking  poor,  ema- 
ciated, worn  out,  from  hunger,  sufferings 
Stg.\  y^i-iy/n-^aw  bright,  shining;  yzi-^dd 
bright  gloss  or  lustre  Lex. 

^^^  yzi-ru  col.  for  yzer-bu  a  little  nail  W. 

yzig  leopard;  yzig^ris  its  colour. 
yzig-mo  porcupine  SsA.,  yzig-nidn 


id.? 


q^mj'n^  yzigs-pa,  resp.  for  mtdn-ba  and 
'      '  Ud'ba  1.  to  see,  ^dns-par  seeing 

that  he  had  come DzL;  in  indirect  questions, 
to  see  whether?  —  what  sort  of?  —  etc.; 
to  see  through,  to  get  an  insight  Tar.  94,  6, 
Schf.;  to  look,  ^dr-la  towards  the  east  Glr.; 
to  look  (for),  yzigs'pas  mi  ^dug  when  he 
looked  (for  it),  there  was  nothing  to  be  seen; 
to  look  at,  to  regard,  mind,  esteem,  sku-fse- 
la  mi  yzigs'pa  not  regarding  your  Honour's 
life  Dzl.  —  2.  equivalent  to:  to  give,  grant, 
sd-ion  big  tugs-rje  yzigs  dgos  have  the  good- 
ness to  give  me  some  seed,  prob.  only  bre- 
viloquence  for  sd-bon  big  yndh^ba/i*  fugs- 
brts^'bar  yzigs  Ug.  —  yzigs-rten  resp.  pre- 
sent, gift,  yzigs-rthi'du  shur-ba  to  charge  a 
person  with  the  delivery  of  a  present  Pth. 

—  *zig'dodrdan*  W.  vain.  —  ^zig-po*  W. 
neat,  well  dressed,  resp.  for  mlfdr-po.  — 

—  yzigs-mo  resp.  for  ItddrTno^  mi-tog  dA-la 
yzigs-mor  bydiv-pa-las  as  he  came  in  order 
to  look  at  the  flower  Pth. 

^pC'^  yzin-ba  for  Jlzins-pa  Glr. 

z^^izr  7^^'^^  vessel,  ship,  float,  ferry,  also 

'  fig.;  gni')'zins  id.,  frq.;  yzins  cSn^ 

po  zi-g  byds't4>  equipping  a  large  vessel  Glr.\ 


494 


«|§sr£r 


yzim-pa 


yzihB'iun  a  small  vessel  C«. ;  yzins-pa  ship- 
master, captain. 

^l^^q•  yzim-pa^  also  with  mnal,  resp.  for 
■^       ynyid-log-pa,  1.  to  fall  asleep  DzL 

—  2.  to  sleep,  rgydl-po  yzim^a-las  whils^t 
the  king  was  sleeping  Glr.  —  3.  to  expire, 
to  die  Tar,  4,  20.  ~ 

Comp.  ^zimnkyon*  W.,  resp.  for  rkydn- 
rtse^  candle,  lamp.  —  yztm-Uan  \.  sleeping- 
room.  2.  dwelling,  habitation.  —  j-zim-Kebs 
quilt.  —  yzvnv-Uxym  cloak-bag,  portmanteau. 

—  yzim-Kri  bedstead.  —  yzim^^r  sleeping- 
tent.  —  ^zim-gag''  C.  porter,  door-keeper. 

—  yzim-ia  bedding,  bed-clothes  Gyatch.  — 
^zim-tin^  zim-ter*  W.  lamp.  —  ^zim-tin*  (lit. 
•btin)  Sik,  bedstead?  —  yzim-fitl  sheep- 
skins for  night-quarters. — yzim^pan  body- 
servant,  valet-de-chambre,  =  sku'-Tndunr^a; 
yzimr-prug  his  subordinate  servants  or  pages. 

—  f^im-nidl  bed-linen.  —  yzim-ydl  bed- 
curtain. 

yzin^yzim  H^.,   6'.,  *mtg  zim- 
zim  ?a  dug*  W,  the  eyes  are 
dazzled,  by  a  glaring  light. 

q&^n'  /^^'^-*«  (ace.  to  Cs.  fut.  of  Jsir-ba, 
'  certainly  related  to  it,  but  chiefly 

used  in  an  intellectual  sense)^  to  be  pressed, 
harassed,  troubled,  to  suffer,  to  be  pressed 
by  necessity,  to  suffer  from  hunger,  disease 
etc.  B.,  C,  —  Sch.  also  yzi  yzir-ba  a  stinging 
pain  in  the  chest 

'^TTSdJ'  yzUy  yzil-bun-paC.  =  spti-zin  byed-pa, 

m^*sr  yzu-ba  a  lever,  bar;  -  yhd-mo  Cs,\ 

^       yzvrrnds  a  prop  Cs. 
qa-Jf  yzu-bo  Cs.:  1.  straight,  right.  —  2. 

'  upright,  honest  Lej^. :  fugs  yzu-bo, 

from  which  it  appears  to  be  a  word  of  ci- 
vility, but  little  known.    Sch,  has  besides: 
yzu'dpdn,  which  he  renders  by  'witness, 
mediator'. 
—— .Qgpj^-fv-  yzU'lum(s)  Lexx.  =  bab-col 

I<3n3^V  ;  ^^^  ^f^,  hence  signifying 
rashness,  impetuosity,  so  Cs.^  and  therefore 
yzur-lum-ban  inconsiderate;  yzuAum  byed-pa 
to  act  rashly;  Sch.  also:  disobedience,  pride, 
haughtiness. 


^gC'^  yzwi-ia 

^  '   mountain-pass  Mil. 
msp^q-  yz^-ge-ba  hurting,  giving  pain, 

•^  '  '  zes  yzug-ge-ba  hus-nas  as  she 
spoke  words  that  g$kve  so  much  pain  Mil.nt. 
2-a2-.».  yzug-pa  to  boableto  bear,  to  siistain, 

■^  '       v.  sub  tsog. 

^i^W^^^*'  '^•^^'  l.figure,  tomijShape, 
'^  '  pyl^ol-gyi  yzugs-mams  the  forms 
of  the  sensible  world,  the  impressions  that 
are  made  on  the  eye  Wdn.;  Tnig-gis  yzugs- 
mams  mfon  the  forms  (of  things)  are  s^ca 
with  the  eyes;  rdb-tu-byun-bai  yzugs  the 
(painted)  figure  of  a  priest  Glr.\  sim.  klai 
yzugs  ys^r-las  byds-^a  Tar.\  lus-yzugs  shape 
of  body,  stature,  frq.;  srin-moiyzugs-subyed' 
pa  to  transform  one's  self  into  a  Raksbasi 
Glr.;  mdUJbyor^aiyzugsbyed'-pa  to  assume 
the  outward  appearance  of  a  hermit  MiL; 
in  metaphysics:  form,  body,  as  one  of  the 
five  Skandhas,  v.  pun-po.  —  2.  resp.  sku- 
yzugsy  W  ^zug-po*  =  Zt/«,  body,  ^zug-po  pu- 
ce* W.  to  wash  the  body,  to  bathe;  ^zug-po 
zdh-wa  mi  dug^  mi-d^-^a  dug*  C.y  ^dS-mo 
mi  dug*  W.  euphem.  for:  she  has  just  her 
courses.  —  yzugs-ndn  ill-formed,  too  short 
in  stature  5.^.  j'/^fM^s  Jlumr-pa  to  bend,  twist 
one's  body,  and  yzugs-kyis  Js6-ba^  quaestum 
corpore  facere,  are  given  by  Sch. ;  yzugs  rth- 
mo  long-stalked  Glr.  —  3.  in  physics:  body, 
matter,  substance,  yzugs-can^  yzugs-su  snan- 
^acomposed  of  matter,  material,  substantial; 
yzugs'6an  ma  yin-pa^  yz&gs-su  mi  sndn-ba^ 
^2t/^8-9?i^c{  immaterial,  unsubstantial ; /zv^- 
med'pai  (or  -kyi)  skad  a  ghostlike  voice 
Mil.;  yzugs'k'dms  the  range  of  the  material 
world.  —  yzugs-4)mydn  v.  bmyaiu 

^Tj^Tj^^  yzugs-pa  v.  ^dziig-pa. 

^PC^'iT  y^^'^^  V.  ^dzin-pa;  yzun-^dzm 
^  Mil.  frq.,  interest,  inclination,  bias, 
yzun-^dziiP-brdlheiDg  free  from  interest,  un- 
biased, apathetic,  which  always  is  praised 
as  an  indispensable  quality  and  the  true  hap- 
piness of  an  ascetic,  and  the  literal  equi- 
valent to  which  in  Ssk.  may  be  regarded 
to  be  irniT;  y^t  Was.  p.  304  renders  it 


by  4dea  and  reason'.  —  yzun-yz^r  peg  on 
a  wall,  =  rtsig-pur;  a  hold,  support,  rail, 
balustrade  (?)  Stg, 

qiar^'  fzuhs^  frq.  spelt  zum^  yet  properly 
^  only  in  compounds,  lit.  a  bold,  i.  e. 
1 .  power,8trengtb  Schr.  \yzuns-idn  Sch, :  loose, 
weak,  without  a  hold,  untenable;  yzuns-zdd 
weakened,  debilitated,  esp.  of  women  by  loss 
of  blood  Cs.;  yzuns-rUn  prop,  support  —  2. 
iM'zitns  the  seven  constituents  necessary  for 
healthy  life,  vr^,  chyle,  blood,  fat,  muscle, 
bone,  marrow,  semen  Med,  —  3.  VTT^> 
also  yzuns'sndys^  spells,  magic  Sentences,  first 
used  in  the  doctrine  of  Mahayana,  from 
which  the  mysticism  of  later  times  originated, 
V.  Was.  (142, 177);  they  are  for  the  most 
part  but  short,  and  always  end  in  a  string 
of  Sanskrit  syllables,  that  are  devoid  of 
apy  meaning.  Whole  volumes  are  filled  with 
tiiem. 

^Tj^'^  yziidrfa^  fut.  of  ^dzud-pa. 

N>  1^  ^         bay  yzulrba  v. 

Jtzumrj)a  etc. 
rn^q-  yzi-ba  ScL  1.  pannier,  dosser  DzL 

'  Tynr,  14—2.  home,  habitation,  nest, 
—  3.  swift,  in  running  Thgy.,  quick,  in  com- 
prehending Sch, 

^^^  /^-wa  Med.\  Cs, :  'a  horned  aquatic 
plant' ;  yz^-mai  can  Med,  beer  made 
of  it. 

^^^;  yzS-ru,  for  yzir-bu  a  little  nail. 

rn^^-  ^'^^-r^ looking  ^fWiTYiSch.iyze-ri  byed- 
^      pa  to  be  poorly,  ailing,  ill  Sch. 

m^cn  ^y  r^(jOy  Wir.  a  little  grain,  atom; 

^  '  yzeg  ?a  hin  a  small  particle  Lex, ; 
yzeg-ma  prob.  id.  (Cs,  also :  filth?)  yzeg-zdn 
iVfTT^,  'atom -eater',  n.  of  the  founder  of 
the  Vaiseshika-philosophy,  also  called  Ea- 
sy apa;  yzeg-zavrpa  its  professors  Wdn, 

'T^^^B'  yzig-mo'byi  hedgehog  Sch. 

qi^^  yzens  height,  loftiness,  sublimity,  glo- 
^         riousness,  esp.  in  yzens  stdd-pa^  also 
ya/ryzehs  «f<W-pa/W.;  to  praise,  extol,  glorify 
Mil,  (cf.  sen). 


3 


^^^  yzd'ba 


495 


^P^ 


^^'^ 


STjl^' 


q*  yzedrpa  I.  vb.  1.  v.  ^dz^d-pa,  —  2. 
to  hitiScA.  —  II.  sbst.  Sch,:  *a  long 


— ^-w^-  y zed" ma  Cs ^  gen.  yz^b-ma^  also 
•^  '  yzebs  Sch,  1 .  pannier,  with  lid  Kun, ; 
a  box-shaped  basket  with  lid  C,  —  2.  cage, 
aviary  L&c.;  prison  Sch,  —  3.  net,  snare  Sch, 
r-q-  yzSm-pa,  I,  Cs.  =  ^dzem-pa,  —  2. 
to  do  a  thing  gently,  *z^7nrte  duU 
wa*  C,  to  walk  softly,  ^kdg-pa*  C,  to  put 
down  softly. 

yzer.  also  zer^  1.  nail,  tack,  sih-yzer 
wooden  nail,  Icdgs-yzei*  iron  nail; 
yndm-yzer  'plug  or  bolt  for  fastening  a  door 
(at  the  top)'  Cs. ;  ""gydb-ce*  W.,  *gydg^a* 
C,  yzer-baGlr,^  ^dzug-pa  Lex,y  ^debs-pa  and 
more  frq.  yz^-gyis  ^dSs-pa  B,  to  knock  in, 
drive  in,  nails;  lag-zir  gydg-pa  driving  red- 
hot  tacks  into  the  finger-ends,  a  kind  of 
torture  in  C;  yzir-bu^  vulgo  "zi-rUy  zi-ru* 
a  little  nail.  —  2.  a  help  to  memory,  for  re- 
taining a  lesson  or  doctrine,  mnemonic  verse 
Mil,  —  3.  ray,  beam,  nyi-yzer  sun-beam, 
^odryzer  ray  of  light;  fsor-yzh*  'a  hot  beam\ 
bsil-yz^  'a  cool  beam'(?)  Cs.  —  4.  pain, 
ache,  illness,  {y^zug-yzer  id.,  mgo-yz^^  head- 
ache, rgyu-yzer  gripes,  colic,  po-yzir  sto- 
mach-ache, rfeti-y^^pleurisy,  so-y2:^tooth- 
ache  Cs.\  ^zer-kydn  nd-la  gydb-ba  rag^  or 
tdn-na  rdg*  W,  I  feel  the  pains  ot  labour; 
*zer'ldn*  W.  spasms  in  the  stomach  or  some- 
thing similar;  yzer- ^prig-pa  to  writhe  with 
pain;  yzer  ^po  the  pain  passes  from  one 
part  of  the  body  to  another  S,g. 

-H'  yzer-ba  1.  to  bore  into,  drive  or  knock 
into,  zer  C,  nails,  *nd-da*  C.  an 
arrow  through  the  ear,  Chinese  punishment. 
—  2.  to  feel  pain,  to  be  suffering  (=  yzvr- 
baf);  ^an-Jfuii  yzer  beer-tippbng  produces 
pain  Med, 

yzer-bu^  v.  yzer  1,  extr. 


^•^ 


z^ty  yzd'ba  1 .  v.  bzdba.  —  2.  to  remember, 
'  keep  in  mind,  own,  acknowledge,  esp. 
drin  a  favour,  also  byds-pa^  as  much  as  to 
be  grateful;  d^-dag-gi  byas-pa  yzo-bai  pyir 
from  gratefulness  for  their  kindness  Dz^ 
byas  miyzo  they  are  ungrateful;  drin  yzd- 


^' 


a 


yzon 


^3Q'  hza 


ba,  drin  yzd-bai  sems  gratitude,  drin  mi  yzd- 
ba  ingratitude ;  drin-yzo-tan  grateful. 

mSC"    2TJ3c'^  ^^^'^'  y^^^'^  chisel,  grav- 

'      '     "^    ^  ing-tool,  puncheon. 
^j^-  ysod  1.  now,  this  moment,  (opp.  to 

'  '  dd  Hy  before,  a  little  time  ago)  Mil.; 
at  least  just  now,  MU,;  da-yzod^-cig^  id.; 
da-yzdd  bu  yin-par  ?a  yod  now  I  know 
that  it  is  my  son ;  not  until  now,  then  for  the 
first  time  (in  narratives  with  preterite  ten- 
ses) Ptk.;  then  at  length  Pth.  —  yzdd-fsor- 
ba,  fos-pa,  -rdog-pa  DzL  to  hear,  to  receive 
information,  to  be  informed,  to  be  told,  yh^gs- 
pa  that  he  was  gone  Dzl.  —  3.  yzdd-ma 
beginning,  commencement  v.  yddd-via, 
qj^x'n'  yzon-pa^  ysdn-pa  with  cwrf,  v.  ^ud 

''  and  yzdn-pa  extr.;  hsgd-ba  f^nar 
yzdvr-pa  the  precept  was  wastled  in  the  ear, 
it  entered  at  one  ear  and  left  at  the  other; 
,  one  Lex.  gives  the  explanation:  bdab-bya-- 
la  mi  nydrirpai  don. 
q^'q-  yzdb-pa  1 .  Sch.  quick,  sharp,  clever; 

'  caution,  circumspection.  —  2.  v. 

yzab-pa. 

qar*  bzah  1.  n.  of  a  medicinal  plant  in 
Tibet  Wdn.  —  2.  whatever  is  good,  v. 
bzdn-ba.  — *  3.  agreement,  treaty,  v.  sgrig-pa, 
«ar'n'  bzdn-ba  adj.  and  sbst.,  bzdn-po  adj 
1.  good,  (l|y),  in  every  respect, 
answering  its  purpose,  excellent,  suited, 
morally  good;  bsam-pa  bzan-po  a  good. re- 
solution Mil.;  bdag  bzah-na  if  I  behave 
well,  keep  myself  free  from  blame,  Do.  (cf. 
Ugs'pa).  —  2.  fair,  beautihjl,  as  to  the  body, 
frq.;  nags-^al  bzdn-po  a  beautiful  wood 
Mil;  yzugS'bzdn  of  a  fine,  tall  stature.  — 
sbst.:  bzan  the  good,  that  which  is  good 
in  the  abstract;  bzan-na^  byuh^'ii  came  from 
good'  i.e.  from  a  good  heart;  dei  yzdn-lan- 
du  as  an  acknowledgment  of  his  goodness 
Glr.— 

Comp.  bzdn-Uyi  a  species  of  large  dogs 
Cs.  —  bzcmsgrig  treaty  of  peace,  ^jM-pa* 
C,  *td'te^  W.  to  make  peace,  to  come  to 
an  agreement,  to  conclude  a  treaty,  frq.; 
bzan-sgrtg-pa  id. —  bzan-hdn  good  and  bad, 
good  and  ill,  bzan- rtan-Jbrih  ysum  good, 
bad,  and  indifferent ;  bzan-ndn  Jbyidrpa  io 


discern  between  good  and  evil,  to  choose 
one  or  the  other  Schr.;  bzan-ndn  rtdgs-pai 
sems  is  an  attempt  to  find  an  adequate  ex- 
pression for  the  word  'conscience'  Chr.  P. 

—  bzah-fdl  a  good  exit  out  of  the  Jidr-ba 
(the  cycle  of  transmigrations),  a  happy  de- 
parture Thgr.  —  bzan-drug  'the  six  good 
things'  (nutmeg,  cloves,  saffron,  cardamom, 
camphor,  sandal- wood)  C;  used  by  Mil. 
also  in  a  fig.  sense;  in  W.  simply:  cloves. 

—  bzan-jidd  self-complacency.  —  tea»- 
spydd  i.  Cs.  good  action.  2.  n.  of  a  pniyer 
of  particular  efficacy  Glr.y  also  called  sm^- 
lam-gyi  rgydl-po.  —  bzan-btsdn  v.  bi»on.  — 
*zan'lug*  W.  good  behaviour,  good  treat- 
ment, *mi  iig-ne  fdb^e*  to  experience  sudi 
from  a  person,  *mi-la  bo-ce*  to  show  it  to 
a  person. 

qarxr  bzanSy  only  in  Hah-bzdhs,  which 
Wdh.  explains  by  kdh-^a  brtsigt- 
pa  a  large  house  of  several  stories,  applied 
only  to  the  abodes  of  gods ;  in  W.  also  the 
cubical  part  of  the  Chodten  is  called  so. 
ax^Zr  bzdd-pa rarely  for  bzod-pa ;  mUzdd- 

'     pal.  intolerable Dzly  Do.  —  2. ir- 
resistible Do. 
Oa3\    ^^^^'  sometimes  for  zauj  esp.  food  of 

'  animals,  bzan  ^tsdl-ba  to  seek  food 
MU  ;  pasture,  pasturage,  bzdn-la  skyilrba  to 
place  in  pasture,  to  let  feed  Olr.\  bzdn^ 
Ts.  id. 

^3^'^'  bzdb^a  v.  yzdb^a. 

Q3Q'  ^^^'  ^'  ^^^"»  ^^^'  ^^  ^<i'^^i  to  eat,  bza 
this  is  to  be  eaten,  in  dietetic  pre- 
scriptions; V.  also  zd'ba.  —  II.  sbst.  1. 
(rarely  yza)  seems  to  denote  the  members  of 
a  family,  they  being  conceived  as  eaters  or 
fellow -boarders;  bzd-fso  mdh-poi  pa-md 
parents  that  have  a  large  family  MU.;  bza 
mans  ndh-na  among  a  numerous  household 
MU. ;  bza^rug  a  family,  a  company  at  table, 
of  six  persons,  nif.  C;  in  certain  combi- 
nations: wife,  spouse,  rgyd-mo  bza  the  Chi- 
nese spouse,  bdl-mo  bza  theNepalese  spouse 
(of  the  king),  Olr.  frq.  —  2.  meat,  fOOd, 
bzd-ba  dan  btun-ba  meat  and  drink,  spe- 
cially the  quality  and  quantity  of  food,  zd-^ 


1 


/;i/-  .1 


l-rri^y-. 


qS^  62:ar 


^  bzo 


497 


wia  Wud  &-fo  62a  ?i^-Ja  nutritiye  and  sub- 
stantial food  Mil.nt 

Comp.  bzorytdd^  bzd-bai  ytddso  store 
of  provisions,  bza-ytad-m^drpa  not  having 
such  a  store  MZ.  —  bza-mi  1.  =  Uyo-hig 
husband  and  wife,  byed-pa  to  become  hus- 
band and  wife,  to  marry  each  other,  Kyod 
dan  na  ynyis  bza-mi  byao  we  will  marry 
each  other  Glr,\  bza-mir  byinrgyis  rldb-pa 
to  give  the  nuptial  benediction,  to  unite  in 
wedlock,  to  marry  Glr,;  dbul-po  bza-mi 
ynyis  a  poor  married  couple  Glr.  2.  in  a 
wider  sense:  household,  bza-mi  nyi-h^ 
rtsorynyis  a  household  of  twenty  two  per- 
sons MU.  —  bza-med  ill-fed,  lean  Mil  — 
bza^tso  plur.  of  bza.  —  ^za-dd*  (lit.  za-zld) 
W.,  C.  partner,  wife.  —  bza-Mn  fniH-troe, 
bza-hih-rorba  orchard,  bza-^n-^a^a-srun- 
pa  watchman  or  keeper  of  it  DzL  —  bza- 
sug  (vulg.  •-^liA*)  =  bza-mi  C. 
«M'  bzar  sometimes  for  zar;  bzdr-ba  v. 

^dzd7''ba. 
^35r^  bzds-pa  v.  zd-ba  and  yzds-pa. 

q^  bzi  (sometimes  yzi^  zi\  drunken  fit,  in- 
toxication, stupefaction;  bzisdnS'tehaviug 
become  sober  again  after  intoxication  Glr,] 
*zi'dan*  W,  intoxicated,  muddled,  bzirba  1. 
vb.  to  become  intoxicated,  to  get  drunic,  bzi- 
bar  ^gywr-ba  id.;  bzi-bar  by^d-pa  to  intoxi- 
cate, to  make  drunk  Cs,    2.  sbst.  state  Of , 


expl.  a  cup  into  which  the  higher  class  of 
people  skim  off  the  superabundant  grease 
swimming  on  the  tea  (v.  ja);  bz^d-pa  v. 
Jtzid-^a. —  2.  bzed'snydms-pa  wire-drawing 
Sch. 

n^  bzo  1 .  work,  labour,  bzoimam-.ffyur  the 
beauty  of  a  work  or  workmanship  Glr. ; 
bzo  rgya-ndg-gi  higs  as  to  the  workmanship 
it  is  in  Chinese  style  Glr.  (by  some  the 
word  is  taken  in  these  passages  in  the  sig- 
nification 3). —  bzd-lasr^d-pa  liking  labour, 
laborious,  =  las  Stg.;  *zo  fe-rdy  mi-la  ma 
(s)tan*  W,  the  work  is  not  yet  finished,  do 
not  let  people  see  it  yet!  snai  bzo  hyed-gin 
^diig-pas  being  just  occupied  with  working 
o\Lt  the  noses  Glr.  —  2.  manufacture,  art, 
trade,  handicraft,  rin-po-'Sei  art  of  a  jeweler, 
gos-  trade  of  a  tailor,  dhvl-  art  of  a  silver- 
smith, Uags-  trade  of  a  blacksmith,  ta^g-  of 
a  rope -maker,  rdo-  of  a  stone-cutter,  rtsig- 
of  a  mason,  bzan-  of  a  copper-smith,  Wn- 
of  a  joiner  or  carpenter,  yser-  art  of  a  gold- 
smith, Ihor-  of  an  image-maker,  Iham-bzo 
trade  of  a  shoemaker.  —  3.  also  zOy  figure, 
image,  picture,  resemblance,  =  dbyibsy  *a-m§ 
zo  du^  W'.  he  is  the  exact  likeness  of  his 
mother;  appearance,  physical  constitution,  v. 
zo.  —  4.  sometimes  for  bzd-pa^  bzd-bo,  so 
that  all  the  words  enumerated  sub  2  may 
also  denote  the  artist  or  workman.  —  -^^^^i^B  o^i^tX 
Comp.  and  deriv.   bz6-Uah  workshop.  — 


intoxication.    3.  adj.  drunk,  intoxicated  C.-S  ^S'^    71.  -»  i    •/     ^m   ^^-l  ^<  -.-*       ^ 

,,.,•',,  .   .  ,  620-A?yaa,fe(nA:yaaff/r.  work  of  art,  master 

bzun-ba  v.  ^azin-pa\  it  is  used  as 


an  adv.  in  the  form  of  bzuhs-tBy  e.g. 
dei  nub-mo-nas  bziins-te  from  that  evening 
(prop,  beginning  with  that  evening),  ever 
since  that  evening  Mil.\  fsesbrgyad-nas  bzuhs- 
te  nyai  bar-du  during  the  time  from  the  8  th. 
to  the  15  th.  (day  of  the  month). 
^^^  t/Jwr  V.  dzuT'ba. 

a^x*  bze-rdy  also  bze  Sch. :  pain,  bze-re-ban 
suffering  pain,  i^^-r^'Jy^d-pa  to  inflict 
pain,  to  torment.  (Cs.:  ^indignation;  angry; 
to  be  angry  with.') 

a^'  bzed  1.  in  comp.:  pyag-bz^d  (hand-) 

^  basin6'8.;/At^A/-&^^c{beggar'sbowl,alms- 

pot,  frq.;  bzedr-snodvAMwSch, ;  bzedr-MlLex.^ 

also  iaUbzidCs.:  'spitting-box;  ^c.  to  oral 


piece,  elegant  piece  of  workmanship.  —  bzo- 
Jiyiidy  bzo-hjfwn  Cs.\  1.  potters  wheel.  2.  a 
hydraulic  machine(?).  —  bzo-grd  academy 
of  arts,  mechanics'  institution  Cs.  —  bzo- 
rgyu  working-materials  Glr.  —  *z6-bstaQ\ 
zdb-sta^  zd-sta*  W.  form,  fashion,  e.g.  style 
of  a  house,  its  architecture ;  form,  of  a  bottle, 
a  lamp  or  candle  stick,  of  any  production 
of  art;  *2?or-(W*  anvil-stone  W.  (bzo-rdo).  — 
bzd^a  artist,  mechanic,  dnul-bzo-pa^  silver- 
smith, and  so  forth.  —  bzo-dp&n  master, 
over  joumey-men  or  the  students  of  an  art. 
—  bzd-ba,  pf.  bzos^  to  make,  to  manufacture 
C.  (for  the  byid-pa  of  B.,  and  *co-be*  of  W.\ 
*par  z6-wa*  to  print;  *sim^h/i  zd-wa*  C. 
to  frame  in  one's  mind,  contrive,  invent;  ^zg- 


498 


q^-Cr  bzdd^a 


(^  a 


pe  tsa*  manufactured  salt,  *zq^§  ser*  arti- 
ficial gold  Wdn.  —  bzo-bo  =  bzd^a,  bzd-bo 
mUds-pa  a  skilful  artist  Mil;  bzo-byM  1.  id. 
2.  imaginative  faculty,  imagination,  ni  f.  —  bzo- 
Ids  work  Sch. 

qS^'Cr  *'^^^"P^  (rarely  bhid-pa)  I.  vb., 
'  ^f^^  1 .  to  suffer,  bear,  endure,  c.  ace, 
mig  nd-^a  ma  bzdd-nas  not  being  able  to 
bear  the  pain  in  his  eyes  DzL;  lus  ^dis  na 
mi  bzod  with  this  body  pain,  disease,  cannot 
be  endured  Thgy,\  sam-rgyds-kyifugs-ryece' 
has  ma  bzdd-nas  seems  to  imply :  Buddha 
in  his  mercy  not  suffering  this,  but  checking 
the  mischief;  —  also  c.  dat:  Jdm-po-la 
m»6;2;06{  he  cannot  bear  what  is  soft  or  smooth 
Dzl,;  ma-bdi'ba  bdg-tsam-la  bzdd-pa  mi 
byM-^le  getting  so  fretful  through  a  slight 
indisposition  Mil, ;  Itd-basmi  bzdd-de  finding 
it  unbearable  for  his  eyes  Pth,;  drdn-pas 
mi  bzddrde  as  much  as :  so  that  he  almost 
lost  his  senses  over  it  Pth, ;  bzod-fabs  (or 
bzod^glags)-m4drpar  ^byiin-ba  or  ^gyur-ha 
not  to  be  able  to  bear  . . .  any  longer,  frq. ; 
miA)z6d^a  or  -bzdd-pa  adj.,  unbearable,  in- 
tolerable, also  irresistible;  ma  bzdd-nas  not 
being  able  to  resist  any  longer  DzL  —  2. 
'  toforgive,  pardon,8waw-cad  fo-Jsdmrpa  bzod- 
par  ysol  to  pardon  our  former  tricks  is  what 
we  beg  Mil. ;  rtd-la  ma  skydn-pa  bz6d-par 
bzesjsal  that  I  did  not  request  you  to  mount, 
this  I  beg  you  to  forgive  me  Mil, ;  bzdd- 
par  ysdl-lo  byas  kyan  although  she  begged 
Tp&rdon  Pth, ;  8kydn-mam8y^-^e8-y)yan-ldan- 
imams'la  bzdd-par  ysol  with  respect  to  the 
deficiencies  I  pray  for  the  indulgence  of 
the  very  wise  (readers);  bzod-ysdl  byid-pa 
to  ask  pardon,  forbearance  Pth.  — 

II.  sbst.  1.  patience  {Ssk,  ^nt^X  *^^- 
pa  sgdm-pa  to  exercise  one's  self  in  patience 


Dzl.  V,  12;  but  also,  to  have  patience,  to 
show  forbearance;  bzdd-pa  bkes-pa^  id.  resp. 
(v.  also  above  I,  2);  bzdd -pa-ban  patient; 
&2:(M2-8rdn  unwearied  patience;  bzodrpa-hin 
\mfB,\ieTit  Mil,^  bzod-^med  Cs,  id.  —  2.  in  as- 
ceticism: perseverance,  stedfast  adherence  to 
the  four  truths,  constancy  in  pursuing  the 
path  that  has  been  entered  upon,  mi  skye- 
bai  cos-la  bzod-pa  ace.  to  Was.  id.,  being 
at  the  same  time  no  longer  subject  to  re- 
births, p.  (140).  — 

Observ.  So  far  as  'to  forgive'  implies 
patience,  forbearance,  it  may  be  rendered 
by  bz6d-pa;  but  as  the  Scriptural  view  of 
forgiveness  of  sin'  involves  more  than  that, 
other  expressions,  such  as  bu-hn  sil-ba^ 
must  be  resorted  to  with  reference  to  the 
latter. 

i^^^T^'  bzdb-pa  Sch.  =  ysdb-pa. 

fl^r  A^wntub,  carried  on  the  back,  to  convey 
water,  v.  hi-bzdm  sub  }hi. 

^S^  bzld-ba  V.  zld-ba. 

qMT'^^r'  bzlas-bryod  (cf.  zld-ba  II,  2); 
^  '  zld-ba  in  a  strict  sense,  is  stated 

to  be  the  silent,  btydd-pa  the  soft,  yet  audible 
pronouncing  of  spells  etc.,  bzlas-bryod  signi- 
fying both  together;  bzlas-br)dd  by^d-pa  to 
mutter  over  Glr.;  mu-stegs-pai  bzlas-btydd 
Brahmanical  spell-murmuring  Thgy. 

^S^^  bzlum-pa  v.  zlttm-pa. 

RM^  bzU-ba  V.  zld-ba. 

q^n*  bzlog  the  contrary,  the  reverse,  prd- 
^  '   ba-las  bzlog  sbdmrpo  the  contrary  of 
thin  is  thick  Lex. 


^j^r  bzhsy  V.  zld-ba.' 


(^ 


n  a,  1.  a  letter  peculiar  to  the  Tibetan  lan- 
guage,  which,  contrary  to  IfJ  (qv.)  de- 
notes the  pure  vowel,  without  any  admix- 


ture of  a  consonant  sound.  The  difficulty 
which  attaches  to  the  articulation  of  this 
vowel,  requiring  an  opening  of  the  glottis 


V 


499 


before  it  is  sounded,  has  occasioned  a  great 
variety  of  pronunciation  in  the  diflferent  pro- 
vincial dialects.  Vide  Phonetic  Table  with 
its  explications.  —  2.  numerical  6gare:  23. 

QTS^  ^d'doff,  Cs,  we,  V.  ^U'dag. 

Q^S*  ^o-^  n.  of  a  country  Glr, 

Q^nv  ^(^tir-wa^  with  Idg-pa^  Sch.:  to  per- 
^  ^  form  somersets,  to  tumble  over,  to  roll. 
Q'(3rWC'  <a-wa-yan  although,  ScL;  ^a-nor 
ma-na  Sch. ;  perfectly  alike,  having 
a  striking  resemblance  (?). 
Qw  joL-ma  but,  e.g.  ^d-^ma  ma  rjed  big  but 

do  not  forget!  Cs, 
Q-QT  ^a-ur  Sch.:  'shaking  or  rattling  sounds' 

^  cf.  ^ur-Jir. 
QT*  ^an  1.  like  yan^  attached  to  conjunc- 
tions, and  corresponding  to  the  English 
ever,  soever,  after  vowels,  col.  also  iifter 
consonants,  e.g.  nam-^an.  —  2.  ^dn-sgra, 
hon-bui  Cs.  the  braying  of  an  ass. 
QC'rii'  ^dn-ke  (not  ident.  with  an-gi  num- 
'  ber),  a  mystical  character,  frq.  oc- 
curring in  certain  finical  ornaments  or  flour- 
ishes called  sbrul-mgOy  occasionally  also  in 
written  words. 

oq-q'  ^db^a  Ts.  to  bark. 

Q^xfUf    QS^  ^dr-po,  ^dr-can  Ts.  angry  = 

^  '  ytum-po, 

C(X^qr  ^dr-ba  C.  lot,  rgydb-pa  to  cast,  = 
rgyan  rgydb^a. 

Qj^Q^^  ^ar-Jir  v.  ^-Jir. 

Q5^W^'  ^dr-yan  also,  too,  likewise  Sch. 

S'  J  1.  num.  figure :  53.  —  2.  W.  demonstr. 

pron.  inst.  of  ^dt,  this,  also  H-po. 
(y  ^u  1.  num.  figure:  83.  —  2.  sbst.  kiss, 
^   v.^o.  —  3.  also^o,  Cs.:  demonstr.  pron., 
this,  Jt-ni-rUy  ^u-nir^  ^d-nir^  hither;  Ts.^tvu- 
^A«*.this. 

q-gr  Jt-sgra  Glr.  noise  of  many  foot-steps, 
^  ^  prob.  =  JiT'Sgra. 
Q'^qr  <^"^^  1.  also  ^6 -cog  Glr.,  ^6 -cog 
^      '  Thgy.^  Ji'bu'bag  Dzl.  pers.  pron.  we. 
—  2.  chimney  W.  (?). 
0,']^^  ^u-tug  Sch.:  ^Luderlichkeit,  auch 


Q^^^wr 


^'p£zmr  ^U'fsugs';  but  in  W.  *^un-fug  id-be* 
ND  ^'  means  to  break  out  into  a  violent 
passion,  and  ^un-fug-Uan  or  -ban*  angry;  in 
C.  *mu-fug'pa*  and  ^dti^-ftig-pa*  to  be  at  a 
loss;  so  also  in  MU. 

Q^'^  Ji'bu  V.  Ji'bag. 

Q^'^'^'  ^u-ruHTu  Sch.  =  ur. 

(yo^m  <'^ldg  compulsory  post-service,  the 
^  '  gratuitous  forwarding  of  letters,  lug- 
gage and  persons,  the  supply  of  the  requi- 
site porters  and  beasts  of  burden  (also 
more  immediately  these  themselves), —  ori- 
ginally a  socage-service  rendered  to  lords 
and  proprietors,  government  officers  and 
priests ;  in  more  recent  times  remunerated 
and  legally  regulated  in  those  parts  that 
are  visited  by  European  travellers;  mi-la 
^Vr-ldg  skul'ba  to  impose  such  services,  by 
exacting  porters  etc.  Jtt.,  ^iUba  id. ;  sJcyiU 
ba  prob.  to  forward  by  I31ag;  (Cs.  limits 
the  signification  too  much).  Ci^  i  -       -    '  ^-^' 

Q,'?r  <w-«M  Lt  coriander  seed,    i    7 

qorcr  <*^"P^  ®^'j  -^^-5  ^^-^dn  Sch.  the 
^  '  great  horn-owl,  ^ug(-gu)-^n  the 
little  owl;  ^ug-mig  owl's  eyes  (Cs.  'large 
languishing  eyes',  Sch.:  'large  protruding 
eyes');  Jig-mig-ban  having  such  eyes,  Jig 
mig-pa  or  -ma  a  goggle-eyed  man  or  wo- 
man Cs.  —  2.  Ld.  also  for  ytuf-po  oats. 

qr-  ^ud  1.  6^.  swaggering,  bragging,  bom- 
^  '  bast,  fustian;  ^ud  ^er  smra-ba  to  swag- 
ger, brag,  gen.  *vmr  he-pa*;C.  —  2.  =  yud 
Thgy.,  ^ud-kyis,  in  a  moment,  instantly,  sud- 
denly. —  3.  command,  order  (?),  Sch.:  ^ud- 
sgrog-pa  to  make  known  an  order. 
Q -.^.  <w6  -  pa  to  sweep  or  rake  together 
^  with  one's  hands,  pan -pas  ^ub-kyis 
bsdus-te  Pth.  with  the  arms  gathering  all 
into  one  heap. 

q$rq-gr-^^-  .um-bu-glan-mKar  n.  of 
NO    Nd  Ol       1       ^Q  palace  of  the  ancient 
Tibetan  king  Thothori,  Glr. 
Q  ;^  ^ur  1 .  noise,  din,  clashing,  cracking,  roar 
^     of  a  tempest  etc.,  but  also  and  not  less, 

32* 


v-'.<   I 


^    0  i-/a.  !>.  '    lo  C  lo  ^ 


500  '*     ^, 


9^  ^d-7na 


a  low,  humming  noise,  md-bai  bu-ga  bkdg- 
pat  fse  ^r-Jir  z^-pai  sgra  the  hamming 
in  the  ears  produced  by  stopping  themTFdw., 
^ur-Jir-po-yi  sgra  id.  Wdh,;  md-ba  Jtr-la 
Jirog  there  is  a  buzzing  in  my  ear  S,g.;  ^ur 
Idan  or  Jbyun  a  noise  is  heard;  Cs  more 
particularly:  tall(,  babbling,  chit-chat,  ^i/r- 
yton-ba  to  talk,  to  chat;  ^ton-^ur*  C.  (lit. 
ston)  bragging,  humbug;  ^ur-sgra  ^  ^r 
noise  caused  by  many  voices,  many  foot- 
steps, cf.  ^usgra;  of  the  howling  of  a  tem- 
pest, Jur^gra  (fe  although  it  (the  thunder) 
makes  a  great  noise  Mil, ;  ^ur-tin  a  brass 
basin,  used  to  make  anoise  by  striking  it  Sch. ; 
Jir-ba  sbst.  a  humming  insect,  beetle  iScA.; 
vb.,  to  be  noisy,  chattering,  Cs,;  dga-grdfjs 
Ji/r-te  shouting,  rejoicing  MU. ;  *^ur  dS-ce* 
to  set  a  dog  on  a  person  W, ;  *^ur  bsddr^a^ 
y^  ^ur-brddb  btdn^ba^  C,  W.  to  exaggerate, 
brag,  boast.  —  2.  bag  -  drd  ^ur -Jir  Pth. 
seems  to  describe  the  feeling  of  a  genial 
warmth  pervading  the  body.  —  3.  *icur 
gydg-pa*  C,  *W  gydb^be,  tdn-be"^  W.  to 
smooth,  V.  dbuV'ba,  —  4.  ^iir'rdo  a  sling 
Sch^Jir^do  ^pen-pa  to  throw  with  a  sling. 
Q^'  ^e  num.  figure:  113. 

Q^^o  I.  num.  figure:  143.  — 

n.  sbst.  1.  pro  vine,  ^u  kiss  (^^pr),  <o 
byed'pa  to  kisS  Lt^  led -la  on  the  mouth 
Pth, ;  pyagt  iabs  resp.  on  the  hand,  the  foot 
Cs.;  ^0  ytdn-ba  Cs,,  *'u  Idn-he*  W^  -  ^o  byed- 
pa.  —  2.  V.  jMna.  — 

in.  pron.  1.  pers.  pron.  we,  v.  ^u-ha^, 
—  2.  dem.  pron.  this  Cs.  v.  ^u  III.  —  IV. 
interj.  (o^<i)  1.  like  oh,  yes!  as  a  reply:  ^o 
Idgs-so  oh  very  well!  Mil  ;  *'o  ydh-nog,,  'o 
^'^'909'i  ^0  ffy<^l''^ff  W.^  *^o  ydn-ne*  C.  well! 
it's  all  right  to  me!  well,  do  so!  —  ^o^o^ 
J^J^y  so !  virell !  very  well !  in  W.  itis acommon 
reply,  indicating  nothing  more,  than  that 
attention  has  been  paid  to  the  words  spo- 
ken, like  the  English  well!  indeed!  —  2. 
as  a  positive  affirmative,  yes!  W.,  cf.  ^o-nd, 
g^^n*  ^6'shol^  also  with  mams  and  bag, 

^  (Cs,  also  Jc'skol\  LdM'XO,  we.  Mil., 
Tar.,  Thgy,^  e.g.  (if  all  men  must  die),  ^o- 
skol  Ita  ci  smos  of  course  also  we  Thgy.\  it 


is  very  often  used  as  a  reciprocal  pronoun : 
^6'skol  ma  H  prdd-pa  the  fact,  that  we 
have  seen  each  other  once  more  before  we 
die  Mil, 

arqaor  <^'^9y^^  resp.  fatigue,  weariness, 
'^  want,  any  kind  of  hardship,  ^pib- 
lam-la  ob-gydl  ma  kydd-dc!^  W.  has  not  your 
walk  hither  fatigued  you?  ^o-brgydl  ydn- 
lugs  the  getting  into  difficulties  Mil.;  more 
frq.  as  vb.:  ^(hbrgydl-ba^  Ry^d-tag-mams  ^o 
wa  brgydlrlam  are  you  perhaps  fatigued? 
Glr.;  habs'tdg  ^o  mi  brgyal-ba  Jml  a  short 
expression  for:  everything  shall  be  at  your 
service,  so  that  you  shall  not  want  anything 
Mil.;  ^o-re-brgydl  =  ^o-brgydl  1.  trouble, 
drudgery,  annoyance  MU.  2.  decay,  declme, 
ruin,  of  religion,  usages  etc. 
5^§*Tr  ^o-myig  sour  cream  Sch. 

fi(^§TOr  ^(Hsnytgs  bifch-tree  Sch. 

grr^.  ^o^dod  lamentation,  wailing,  cry  for 

^^  help,  gen.  as  vb.  ^o-ddrf  Jbdd-pa  to 
lament,  to  call  for  help  Glr.,  Pth.,  Wdh.; 
^o-dod-pa  one  that  seeks  help,  support,  re- 
dress, a  client,  a  plaintiff,  more  in  pop.  lan- 
guage. 
gr!^  ^(h-nd  (cf.  ^0,  ^on,  ^dn-kyah),  comes 

'  nearest  to  the  Greek  alld^  used  esp. 
to  introduce  a  new  thought  or  proposition 
in  speech :  now,  what  shall  you  do  in  timt 
case?  Dzl;  well,  what  did  he  say?  DzL; 
well,  I  hope  you  have  at  least . . .  Dzl. ;  why, 
ay,  MU.;  but  now  Thgy.;  but,  the  Latin 
autem,  when  a  new  clause  is  added  MiL^ 
Thgy.;  yea,  in  a  climax,  e.g.:  I  met  with 
a  naked  man,  yea,  an  insane  ascetic  Mil 
—  2.  as  an  answer  in  the  affirmative,  ye$ 
W.— 

^gr'  ^o-ma  milk,  ^d^ma  jd-ba  to  milk  Gk.; 
snydUba  to  let  it  curdle  Cs.,  srub-pa 
to  chum  it  Cs.;^d'ma  tags  the  milk  thickens, 
coagulates  Gs.  —  '  ^      ^  [^  ''^V  '  /^'^    ^ 

Comp.  ^O'fdn  ^milk-meadow',  the  plain 
in  which  Lhasa  now  stands;  of  the  former 
lake,  ^O'fdn-gi  mfso  Glr.,  a  sedgy  moor  is 
said  to  be  still  remaining.  —  ^o-fug  milk- 
soup  Tar.  —  ^o-fud  cheese,  v.  fud.  —  ^o- 
^fun  suckling-child,  baby,  «  zo-Jtun.  —  ^<^ 


Q^'S'S*  ^(Hma-zi'Zi 


9p'^  ^dn-ba 


501 


mdd  milk-vessel.  —  ^o-spriy  ^o-sri^  cream. 

—  ^o-Tndr  1.  milk  and  butter  Sch.  2.  termin. 
of  ^d-ma  into  the  milk.  — .  ^o-zd  milk-pail. 
grw§'§'  ^o-ma-zi-zi  W,  pater -noster  pea, 

the  seed  of  Abrus  precatorius, 
used  as  beads  for  rosaries. 

S^3f  ^   i^3^  ^0^6^  jy-yog  terrier  &ch. 

9^^'^^^'  ^o^e-brgydl  v.  ^o-brgydl, 

gr^Jgp'  ^0-50  IF.,  only  in  *'(^»o  tdn-de  or  gydb- 
^  '  a^  to  laugh  at,  deride,  to  feel  a  plea- 
sure at  the  misfortune  of  others. 
gr=^  ^O'Se  mulberry,  ^d-se-^n  mulberry- 
tree;  ba-^os  Med.^  perh.  strawberry 
spinach,  Blitum,  which  in  W.  is  called  ba- 
O'Se,  cow-mulberry. 

SSl-  <off^  W.  *yof,  Ts.  *wag*,,  1.  root  sig- 
'  nify ing  below,  or  with  reference  to  time, 
after,  opp.  to  gon;  ^og-tu^  W.  ^ydg-la*  1.  adv. 
down,  below,  underneath;  afterwards^  later; 
in  paging  books  it  denotes  the  second  page 
of  a  leaf,  v.  gon;  it  is  used  as  an  expedient 
to  correct  errors  in  numbering,  or  to  make 
additions,  as  with  us  e.g.  'page  24^  b'.  2. 
postp.  under,  with  accus.,  less  frq.  with  dat., 
down  from;  after  (as  to  time,  rank,  succes- 
sion). —  ^dg-na,  W.  ^ydg-na*^  1 .  adv.  under- 
neath, below.  2.  postp.  c.  gen.  under,  after. 

—  ^(^^-7^a5,  W,  *y6g'nas*  1.  adv.  from 
under,  from  below.  2.  postp.  c.  genit.  forth 
from  belOVi  ^og-tu  Jug-pa  to  put  underneath, 
to  subject,  subdue  Glr.]  /ta-^dg  Ts.  =  ^dg- 
tUy  e.  g.  *Hn-gi  Ua-wd^  under  the  tree ;  some- 
times (less  corr.)  with  accus.  inst.  of  genit., 
also  ^og  alone,  inst.  of  ^dg-tUy  dg-na:  *Ru- 
fog  Chi'lab'Sin  ^og  mi  dug*  W.  Rutog  does 
not  stand  under,  is  not  subordinate  to,  Gulab 
Singh;  IdiH-^og  the  division  of  soldiers 
under  the  Dingpon,  or  a  century  (division 
of  hundred);  bbu-^og  a  body  of  ten  men 
under  a  bdu-dpon  or  corporal.  —  2.  testicles, 
of  animals,  ^og-tan  not  castrated;  ^wog 
de'-pa*  {spyad-pa)  to  cover,  copulate  C. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  Jg-sgo  the  lower  ori- 
fices of  the  body  for  the  discharge  of  the 
excretions,  ^dg-sgo  ynyis  S,g, ;  more  partic. 
the  anus  PtL  —  ^ogrdo  anvil  ScL  —  ^og- 


pag  V.  pag.  —  ^dg-ma  adj.  the  lower,  later, 
following  one,  dei  ^dg-ma  the  one  following 
after  that,  the  second  in  turn;  ^Id-me  san 
ge-ny^  ydg-ma  Hg  dug*  W,  a  Genyen  is 
inferior  to  a  Lama,  ^og-min^  ^CKf^9,  ^the 
not  inferiors'  i.e.  the  highest,  the  inmates 
of  a  certain  heaven  inhabited  by  gods,  or 
also  that  heaven  itself.  —  J>g^olrtu  =  J>g' 
tu  Tar.  —  ^og-rlun  Lt  vapour,  flatulence. 
—  ^og-^dl  crop,  craw  of  birds. 
fifc'n*  <^^-6a,  pf.  onsy  imp.  hg^  B.  and  Bal. 
l^'dfi'das*),  for  which  in  common  life 
almost  always,  and  in  more  recent  literature 
not  seldom,  ydh-ba^  W,  *y6n-be*y  is  used, 
1.  to  come,  ma  ^dh-ba  mfdh-nas  DzL  when 
he  saw  his  mother  coming;  ndn-du  ^ans^ 
DzL  he  came  in;  pyir  ^on-ia  Glr.  to  come 
back;  mi  ffiyis  nai  drun-du  ^on-^gyu  yin- 
pa  Glr.  two  men  that  were  about  to  come 
to  me;  ^dn-bai  Idm-du  Pth.  when  being  on 
their  way;  U'Se-la  sg&m-du ydns-pa  yin  Mil. 
we  come  to  the  Tise  in  order  to  meditate; 
^dnS'pa  UgS'SO  you  are  welcome  Ci.;  na» 
^O'ddd  by  as  kyaii^dh'mllanmedPth.  although 
I  was  crying  for  help,  nobody  came;  hfer 
^dnS'SO  Glr.  they  came  to  bring,  they 
brought  with  them;  Uridrhog  bring  hither! 
krid  ^dnS'SO  Glr.  they  brought  thither;  with 
reference  to  time :  ma-Jihs-^a  not  yet  come, 
i.e.  future,  dus  etc.  very  frq.;  also  poet: 
ma-^dns  ddn-du  for  the  benefit  of  those 
that  are  to  come,  i.e.  of  posterity;  ianydh- 
bai  rigSj  Wdn.^  the  kinds  (of  cerealia)  from 
which  beer  comes  (is  made). —  2.  to  happen, 
ydd-pa  ydn-gin  ^dtig-pas  Mil.  as  it  some- 
times happens  that  there  are  . . .;  more  frq. 
to  occur,  to  be  met  Viiibj^ren-bu^oh^^gyur'na 
whenever  an  e  occurs,  wherever  an  e  stands 
Gram. ;  mii  yuUna  mi  ^on  such  a  thing  does 
not  occur  on  earth  Glr.\  ^di-rumiydn^-bey 
W.  that  is  not  to  be  met  with  here.  —  3. 
to  fall  to  the  lot  of,  to  be  given,  to  come  upon, 
c.  dat.,  sras  ^dh-bai  ysdl-ba  btdb-bo  Pth. 
she  prayed  that  a  son  might  be  given  to 
her;  *  Mo-la  nad  yons*  W.  a  disease  came 
upon  him;  *sdd-nyom  yon*  I  receive  alms, 
*sod-^iam  yon*  I  acquire  merit  W.;  to  come 
in,  yoh-sgo  income,  revenue  Schr.^  cf.  yon- 


i 


502 


(Sff^'  ^on-mdl 


u&'JJC*  ^o/i'kycm 


fan  sub  fa«  2.  —  4.  to  be  suitable,  prac- 
ticable, to  do,  bstdn-fa  ybig-la  st&n-pa  ynyis 
mi  ^dm-pas  Glr.  as  two  preceptors  for  one 
doctrine  will  not  do ;  yulrdu  Idg-pa  mi  J>h' 
bcLS  Olr,  as  a  journey  home  is  not  practi- 
cable; ^(Mfon-nog  v.  ^o\  Ids-la  dn-bai  bar- 
du  as  long  as  he  was  fit  for  work ;  to  go  on 
well,  to  do  well  C,  *da  yon-na*  W.  will  it  do 
now?  —  5.  when  connected  with  verbs,  it 
serves  to  indicate  futurity,  like  the  English 
auxiUaries  shall  and  will,  as  becomes  evident 
from  such  expressions  as  the  following:  JH- 
ba  nam  yon  ?a  med  Mil.  when  dying  comes, 
i.e.  when  we  shall  die,  is  uncertain ;  mdog 
^gyiir-ba  ^on  Glr.  a  change  of  colour  is 
coming,  i.e.  the  colour  wiU,  or  is  going  to, 
change;  ^6-ba  mi  yon-box  jiug  Mil.  I  am 
not  likely  {ddg-pa^  4)  to  go  there  any  more; 
^ieUbe  mi  yon*  W,  he  will  not  be  put  to 
shame,  not  be  disappointed ;  also  with  the 
supine:  srog  dan  brdUbar  ^gyur-du  ^on  Dzl, 
it  will  even  come  to  his  dying,  it  will  be 
his  death;  zds-su  ^on  Dzl,  he  will  even  get 
so  far  as  to  eat ... ;  li-bar  ^oh  he  will  die; 
still  more  free  and  popular  are  those  turns, 
in  which  the  gerund  or  the  mere  root  is 
used:  ynan-ste  ^on  Pth,  he  will  assent  to 
it,  allow  it;  yHg  min  kyah  ycig  yin-te  ^oh 
Glr.  if  it  is  not  the  one,  it  will  be  the  other; 
deb  yon  he  will  come  Mil.  and  in  C.  very 
common;  yidn^es  mi  j>n  they  will  not  be- 
lieve it;  it  is  also  used  to  express  the  passive 
voice,  and  the  English  to  become,  to  grow, 
to  get:  Ih-na  na  ysod  ^dn-bas  Glr.  as  I 
should  be  killed,  if  she  heard  of  it;  *zer  yon* 
C.  so  it  is  said,  expressed,  i.e.  this  is  the 
usual  way  of  expressing  it;  *p4l-te  yon*  W. 
it  is  getting  larger,  increases;  or  with  a  noun : 
smin  ^on  Glr.  it  is  growing  ripe;  rgydl-fo 
Jbam-su ^oh Ma.  the  king  becomes  a  subject. 

(-(p'*|n^  ^oh-mM  Ld.  for  ^ol-mo. 

gr-  ^ody  light,  shine,  brightness,  sar  flames 
'  up,  shines,  ^pro  spreads,  proceeds  from ; 
^od  sprd-ba  to  emit  light,  bkye-ba  to  spread 
Sch. ;  ^od  Iham-m^  mdzdd-pa  resp.,  to  shine 
with  a  bright  light  Sch.;  ^od  Uim-pa  filled 
with  light  Sch.\  lus-la  ^od  ydd-pa  self-lumi- 


nous,  a  property  of  primeval  man  Glr.\  wyt- 
^dd  sun-light,  zla-^6d  moon-light,  skar-^od 
star-light  Cs. ;  ynam-^od  brightness  of  the 
night-heavens,  zodiacal-light  Cs. ;  me-^ 
fire-shine  C«.;  lustre,  brightness,  of  polished 
metal,  ^od  byin-pa  to  elicit  a  gloss  or  lustre, 
to  give  a  bright  polish  Sch. ;  metaphor,  fair 
complexion,  external  beauty,  *lcdn-pe  'od 
pdte  yon*  the  splendour  of  the  house  in- 
creases, *bud  ?a  dug*  declines,  decays  W.\ 
^od  dun  Iddn-pa  B.,  ^6d-ban  1.  luminous, 
emitting  light;  2.  bright,  polished.  3.  light,  *da 
'od-ian  ?a  yin*  W.  now  it  will  grow  light 
4.  of  a  fine  colour,  of  a  blooming  appearance 
Glr.  5.  beautiful,  splendid,  stately;  ^od-med, 
vulgo  ^od-med-Iian,  the  contrary. 

Comp.  ^od-k&i*  or  dcor  a  luminous  circle 
Lex.  —  ^od-dkar  1.  white  light.  2.  symb. 
num.:  1.  —  ^dd^dan,  v.  above.  —  ^od-dpag- 
^^9  HlfilJII^I,  also  snan-ba-mfa-yds  the 
fourth  Dhyani-Buddha,  v.  sam  -  rgyds.  — 
^ddspro  (or  ^prof)  light?  —  *od-to*  W., 
*dd-to  tog*  hold  up  the  light!  *6d'to  bu* 
glow-worm,  fire-fly;  ^od-^pro  sometimes  oc- 
curring in  the  names  of  gods.  —  ^od-yzh* 
TAJ  of  light  Dzl.  and  elsewh.  frq.;  ^od-yzer- 
dan  n.  of  a  god,  ^od-yz^^-ban-ma  of  a  god- 
dess Z)o.  —  ^odrsrun  n.  p.  1 .  the  human  Bud- 
dha of  the  preceding  period  of  the  world. 
2.  a  king  of  Tibeit,  son  of  Langdarma.  — 
^od-ysdl  1.  a  bright  light  or  gloss,  ^od-ysdl 
mdans  dan  Iddn-pa  very  glossy,  of  leaves. 
2.  com.  of  the  supernatural  enlightening  of 
the  saints,  ^od-ysdl-gyi  ndn-7Uis  yzigs-te  Mil 
knowing,  beholding,  by  means  of  prophetic 
light. 

Qr*^'  ^(^ma  cane,  bamboo,  ^6d-ma  fsaly 
%W^if,  cane -grove;  such  a  grove 
near  Rajagriha  was  a  favourite  retreat  of 
Buddha. 
gri-  ^on  W.  but  {sedy  atUem)-^  (not  so  often 

'   used  as  in  English). 
(^'mq*  ^on-kyan  but,  yet,  notwithstanding 

^  ^  Dzl.  and  elsewh ,  frq.  in  B.;  rarely 
^on-yan  for  it  Mil.\  it  stands  at  the  be- 
ginning of  sentences,  but  is  also  preceded 
by  a  gerund  vdth  -hyi^  in  which  case  it  is 
almost  pleonastic;  hexx.  give  ^Ifnft  ^  ^^ 


Q^TC*  ^dn-tan 


vr    .  h 


S^Cr  ^6s-pa 


503 


Ssk,  word  for  it,  which  however  seems  not 

to  agree  with  its  use. 

9ST^'  ^dn-tan  =  Jm-kyan  Lex, 

gi^  Jm-te  B.  and  C.  or  if  not,  or  else,  or 
' '  also,  in  double-questions  after  the  ter- 
mination am  of  the  first  question. 
Qx-q-  ^6n-pa  1.  deaf,  also  to  be  deaf;  ^dn- 
'  pa-pa^  ^6n-pa-pOy  ^dn-fo  a  deaf  man, 
^dn-pa-mOy  ^on-Tno  a  deaf  woman  Cs. ;  ^ow- 
lon  deaf  and  blind.  —  2.  to  give,  to  bring, 
chiefly  as  imp.  Jm-Hg  Dzl. 
8^?fc'  ^on-s^w,  with  byed-pa^  to  pay  atten- 

'        tion,  to  watch,  to  spy  Sck 
gTq*  ^ob  1.  also  ^obs  ditch,  trench,  pit  Dzl; 
Tne-^db  fiery  pit;  also  fig.:  the  fire-pool 
of  passions.  —  2.  v.  yob, 
(ilirn'  <^*-^  1-  tamarisic,  Myricaria  Med, 
^   not  unfrequent  near  the  rivers  of  Ti- 
bet. —  2.  Sch. :  'a  town,  settlement'  (?). 
g^-  ^ar  1.  dropsy,  viz.  the  species  anasarca, 
nif.,  =  pdgS'hi;  dbu-^or  prob.  id.  Med, 
—  2.  eddy,  whirlpool  Sch, 
gr^-n-  ^(^'ba  1.  to  put  or  lay  down  6s.  — 
*         2.  to  feed,  e.  g.  a  little  child  W, 
g^  ^oZclover,lrefoil,viz.snail-clover,  medic, 
(Medicago);  ^ol-fdn  a  plain  covered 
with  such  clover;  ^^oUkyog*  W,  snail. 

Opj*^^^'  ^oUmdiid  v.  'ol-mdud. 
aprq'  Jl^a  vulture  Sch,(?) 

SatH'  ^<^^sp^«  in  a  general  way,  generally 
"  S  speaking, about, ^di-sjji/ir id.  jScA.;^6Z- 
sp^'  tsdm-du  dvs  mnydm-mo  they  are  about 
contemporaries  Tar, 

SCirCT  <^^i«  black  horse  Ml,  Ld,-Glr,  (Ts, 
"  *wdl-ba*). 

(^^  ^dl-mo  Ld,  ^on-mot*  besom,  broom, 
brush,  sfag-^dl  birch-broom,  zed-^dl 
hair-broom  Cs. 

S^^^'  ^oZ-wo-«^  Wdn.  an  officinal  plant; 
61s.:  ^^ol-Tna-sa  1.  a  certain  small 
berry.  —  2.  a  small  weight'. 


S^  ^(w  1.  v.  the  following.  —  2.  v.  ^o-se, 

(Si^q-  Js-pa  1.  vb.  and  adj.  to  be  worthy, 
suitable;  becoming,  appropriate,  with 
termin.  inf.^  in  later  times  and  vulgo,  with 
the  root,  sbyin-par  ^os  it  is  becoming,  it  is 
meet  to  give;  ^diyzigs-par  mi  ^os  it  is  not 
decent  to  see  this;  *ka-l6n  M-de  ^08*  W,  he 
is  worthy  to  be  a  vizier;  *i'8am  la  tan  mi 
^08*  W.  he  is  not  worth  such  high  wages; 
*la  ndn-te  tan  'as*  W,  he  deserves  extra- 
pay;  yidr-sm^n  ^os  to  be  wished,  desirable; 
pyag  by  a  -  bar  ^08  -par  ^yur  he  becomes 
adorable;  8tdd'^os  to  be  praised,  laudable; 
bkur-^os  deserving  honour  6«.;  fams-bad-la 
pdg-^os-pai  Md-pa  the  punishment  condign 
to  all ;  rarely  with  genit. :  kun-^yi8  bkiir-^in 
mcddr-pai  ^os  Mil,  he  is  deserving  of  uni- 
versal honour  and  respect,  and  even :  rjei 
^08  rmn  he  was  not  worth  to  be  a  king,  for 
which  more  frq.  the  termin.  is  used:  ^t^d- 
mor  ^ds'pa  Ug  Glr,  the  one  that  is  the  most 
deserving  of  being  mistress,  i.e.  she  that 
has  the  genteelest  appearance,  that  is  most 
of  a  gentlewoman;  g^vgs-su  ^68 -pa  he  is 
worthy  to  be  his  colleague,  nif.  Mil,  —  2. 
more  particularly  in  colloquial  language: 
right,  W.  ^ds-dan^  o-san*-,  with  a  negative 
*mi'ds'pa^  08'7n^dy  os-^iin*  TF.,  ^mi-o-pa*  etc. 
C,  wrong  (for  the  Hg8'pa  and  mi^gs-pa 
of  earlier  lit.) ;  mi  ^ds-pai  spyodrpa  byedrpa 
Glr.  to  entertain  illicit  intercourse;  rdzas 
^68 'pa  a  lawful,  mi  ^ds-pa  an  unlawful 
matter  Schr.;  ^o-mivr-ghi  i  im-gdJ^  C.  a  wrong, 
immoral  act,  sinful  transgression;  *'o8  mi- 
68  p^rde*  W,  to  discern  between  right  and 
wrong;  with  regard  to  a  man's  words,  cre- 
dible, trustworthy,  or  the  contrary.  —  Sch. 
has  besides:  ^os  H  yod^  'what  other  means 
or  way  is  there?'  and:  ^os  spyi-ba  'to  finish 
(a  thing)  for  the  most  part ;  to  be  good  or 
tolerably  good'(??). 


504 


Wlya 


^ 


y^^'^C  yorTnct-zun 


^ 


y^  ya  1.  the  consonant  y,  pronounced  like 
the  English  initial  y,  in  yard,  yoke  etc., 
in  C.  deep-toned;  yd-btags,  yd-ta  Glr,  the 
subscribed  y  or  ^:^.  —  2.  num.  fig. :  24. 
y^  ya  I.  often  with  ydiff^  one  of  two  things 
that  belong  together  as  being  of  one 
kind,  or  forming  a  pair,  also  one  of  two 
opponents;  miff  ya-ybig  Idh^ba  Pih.  blind 
of  one  eye ;  Iham  ya-ybig  Glr.  one  of  a  pair 
of  boots,  an  odd  boot;  lag-pa  ya-ycig-tu 
yser  fogs^  Idg^a  ya-ytig-tu  bu-mo  Urid-de 
DzL  in  one  hand  holding  the  gold,  with  the 
other  leading  his  daughter;  stdn-pa  dahysdU 
ba  ynyi»  ya  ma  brdl4)ar  Thgr,  the  empty 
and  the  clear  (emptiness  and  clearness)  being 
inseparable  from  each  other;  ya-gydl  one 
of  several,  e.g.  of  three  things  Gram, ;  of 
six  Lex  ;  ^yd-do*  in  W.  the  common  word 
for  grogs  or  zld-bo  associate,  companion,  as- 
sistant, *yd'do  bd'de*  to  assist;  *nyl'ka  ya 
yo'*C.  they  are  equal  to  each  other,  a  match, 
one  as  good  as  the  other,  *Kd'la  ya  m^^ 
or  %  yajh£'Uen  mi  dug*  C.  he  finds  none 
that  is  a  match  to  him,  *di  hj-ke  ya  ne  mi 
fvh*  C.  I  am  not  equal  to  the  task ;  Kai  ya 
V.  Ifd-ya;  ya-m^d  =  do-mM;  ^fab-ya  ad^ 
versary,  antagonist;  ya-zdr  one-eyed;  ya- 
ma-zun  and  ya-md-brla^  y^^-yO'  v.  below.  — 
II.  root  signifying  above,  up  etc.  (opp. 
to  Tikz),  cf.  goh\  adj.  yd-gi  (also  yd-ld  Mil,)^ 
pu  yd-gi  the  upper  or  highest  part  of  a 
valley  Glr.y  ri-bo  yd-gi  the  hill  up  yonder 
Mil,;  yd-gi  upper  =  heavenly  Mil,  opp.  to 
md-gi]  yar  andyos  v.  the  respective  articles; 
the  word,  otherwise,  occurs  only  in  com- 
pounds: ya-riaw  palate;  ya-gdd  (for  skad) 
ladder  &A.;ya-^d«above,  over /ScA.;i/a-77?^dZ, 
ya-m^^ya-fdm^  ya-fdg,  ya-rdbs,  ya-ri^  ya-sd 
V.  mgal  etc.;  ya-mfd  the  upper  end,  i.e. 
the  beginning  e.  g»  of  a  word,  opp.  to  ma- 
vita  the  end  Os.;  yd-ha  esteem,  honour,  lovo, 
shown  to  a  person  W.  (—  le-sa  B.,  C),  *«/d- 


^e  sp^-ra*  expressions  of  respect;  *yd4e^' 
la  z^-na*  if  one  speaks  respectfully;  yo- 
^a-m^d-Kan  uncivil,  regardless,  reckless,  un- 
feeling; *yd-^a  bd^e*  to  show  love,  regard, 
to  treat  with  tenderness,  to  fondle,  a  child, 
animal  etc.,  opp.  to  md-^a,  which  however 
is  less  in  use. 

MW  y^'^^  mutual  revih'ngs  Ma  :  ma  mad- 
'      la  yah  yd-Ha  sgrags  mother  and  chil- 
dren abuse  one  another.    68.;  yd-ga  bad 
reputation  (?). 

C^'^OT  ya-gydl  v.  ya  I. 

yj-rvfl^  yd'na(^bd)  C.  also  ^yd-na-bo* 
^  (prob.  for  ^andn-pa)  shuddering, 
fright,  anguish,  with  genit.  or  accus.  of  that 
which  is  the  cause  of  it  Do. ;  yd-na-bai  dmag- 
fsdgs  Mil,  a  formidable  host;  yd-nai  gegs 
terrible  danger  Pth. 

y^*^*  yd-ta  V.  letter  ya. 

V^^  prop.  IJ^'^  y^  -  ^^  (procession  and 
"^  Q,f?(    feast,  in  honour  of  some 

idol)  W.:  festivity,  reveling,  in  beer  with 
dumplings  and  pastry,  held  in  autumn  or 
winter,  in  memory  and  for  the  benefit  of 
the  souls  of  those  that  died  during  the  last 
year. 

W[K  yd-do  V.  ya  I. 
Wi'^yd'po  butcher;  executioner  Schr, 
W[^  yd'ba  prob.  =  yya-ba,  —  MiU 
^'^'T-^  ya-ba-ksd-ra  Ssk.  saltpetre  Mel 

^gr  yd-ma  1,  the  temples.  —  2.  a  severe 
cold,  catarrh.  Med,\  ^yd-ma  raf  W, 
I  have  a  bad  cold.  —  3.  n.  of  a  goddess, 
=  brtdn-ma, 

CM'^'SC'  yo^^<'''Zun  unsymmetrical,  incon- 

^     gnious,  not  fitting  together,  e.g. 

two  unequal  shoes;  of  religions,  languages, 


y^'$r^i&'  ya-ma-brla 


^ 


wp:^ 


505 


yan-ge 


customs,  that  have  sprang  from  heteroge- 
neoas  elements;  of  behaviour:  inconsistent; 
unheard  of,  prodigious,  ^o-^prul  magic  feats 
Tar. 

Wrgra^'  yO'-^o^brlay  ^ya-md-la*^   U:  ya- 

^  ma-la-po^    Ts.:  ^ya-mor-len-te'^, 

U^,:  ^  snyin-po-Tned-faj  mi-bdhi-pa  vain, 

unstable,  fickle,  not  to  be  trusted  or  depended 
upon. 

yr-^^  yd-mfsan  1.  wonder,  miracle,  super- 
^  natural  occurrence,  adopted  also  as 
the  term  for  the  miracles  of  Scripture  Chr. 
Prot;  ItdS'Sam  yd-^mtsan  H  byuh  Dzl.  what 
signs  and  wonders  have  happened?  ya- 
mtsan-du  ^gyur-ba  Dzl.  to  happen,  to  come 
to  pass  in  a  marvelous  manner;  yd-mfsan- 
ste  Pth.  being  a  wonderful  man;  Kydd-la 
^di'tsam  rig-pa- m4d-pani  yd-mfsan-feo  that 
you  are  so  ignorant  is  very  strange  (wonder- 
ful); *i/d-f5^7W-po*C. marvelous,  miraculous; 
yd-fsam-ban  id.  Schr.  —  2.  wonder,  astonish- 
ment, amazement,  rgydl-po  yd-mfsan  ^-po 
dcy^-te  Tar  the  king  greatly  wondering; 
^ydm-tsan  Mr-be,  bd-be*  W.  to  wonder;  yd- 
mt&an-gyi  yndsso  Tar.  it  is  a  thing  to  be 
wondered  at;  dd-tsam  yd-mfsan-^rgyu  med 
Mil.  that  is  not  so  very  astonishing. 
WW  y^-y^  1-  ^'«-  differing,  diverse,  yd-ya- 
ba  diversity;  yd-ya-bor  gyiir-ba  Sch.: 
a  subject  of  dispute,  contrarietv  of  opinion. 


*cd-be*  W,,  c.  c.  fa,  to  caress,  to  flirt,  also 
in  an  obscene  sense;  ydg-po  ydg-po  well, 
well! 

ij^  yan  1.  (accented)^  again,  once  more; 
likewise,  also,  further,  iT%.,yanyanMU., 
yan  dan  ydii-du  Tar,,  ydn-nas  ydn-du  Dzl, 
again  and  again;  joined  to  adj.  and  adv. 
denoting  a  higher  degree,  still:  yan  cun  Mil. 
still  smaller^  ^di  bi-gan-las  yah  dgd-ba  hig 
byun  Mil.  that  was  still  more  pleasing  than 
any  thing  before;  ydn  sgos  Mil.  still  more 
in  detail;  *ydh-non-haj^  W.  the  third  day 
before  yesterday.  —  2.  (unaccented,  throw- 
ing the  accent  back  on  the  preceding  word), 
after  the  final  letters  g,  d,  b,  s,  gen.  hyan, 
after  vowels  often  ^a/i,  also,  too,  the  Latin 
quoque,  na  yan,  bdag  kyaii  Itoo;  bu  ^-ba 
yan  Dzl.  my  eldest  boy  too ;  bsdd-namsdan 
yan  Iddvrpa  Dzl.  having  also  merit;  yari  — 
yan  — ,  both  —  and  — ;  jii  yan  —  de  yan 
both  this  and  that,  pyi-rol  yan  nan  yan 
both  outside  and  inside;  followed  by  a  ne- 
gative, neither  —  nor;  yan  singly,  with  a  ne- 
gative: not  even,  kar-hd-pa-ni  ybig  kyah 
mi  sbyin-no  Dzl.  I  shall  not  even  give  a 
cowry  for  it;  yan  with  a  comparative  (as 
above)  stilt,  shdr-bas  kyan  Ihdg-par  still 
more  than  formerly;  as  effect  of  a  preced- 
ing cause,  SO  then,  kyeu  deyan  tse  ^das-so 
Dzl.  so  then  the  boy  died,  bsdd-pa  yah 


—  2.  y^d-va-^w^'iv-WAr^-  Mfc-^  -g^  (JVai^-^.  grahs-m^d-do  Dzl.  so  then  there  were  people 
V^'  ^ya-yS  crooked,  wry,  col.  6i.^*^*  ^MJeJ^ed  without  number;  emphat,  even,  n/i- 


CM'O)^'  y^i^d  corselet  and  helmet,  mail,  ar- 
'  mour,  ys^r-gyi  of  gold;  also  fig.  B. 

y^*^  yd-^a  V.  ya  11. 

UJ'^'tr  yct'ff^u-dd  Judah,  ya-hu-dd-pa  jew 
>2>al  Chr.  Prot 

y^^2}'  ya-ho-wd  Jehovah  Chr.  Prot. 

CMOTCr  ydg-p^  *  small  mattock,  hoe,  bdg-yag 

'  iron  hoe,  Uh-yag  wooden  hoe  Ts. 
yOTrST  y^9'f^^  prov.  also  Jdg-po,  seldom 
'  in  B.,  but  otherwise  common  in  C. 
and  W.  good,  in  all  its  significations,  both 
as  to  men  and  things,  =  bzdh-po;  *dei  pi- 
la  di  ydg-po^  W.  for  that  purpose  this  is 
good,  fit,  serviceable;  *ydg-po  )h£'pa*  6'., 


poT  ma  Un-par  smra  yah  h^-so  Dzl.  within 
a  short  time  he  was  even  able  to  speak; 
sha-bdd  kyah  Dzl.  even  before  this;  kar- 
hd  -pa  -  ni  Jmm  yah  even  so  much  as  a 
hundred  thousand  cowries  (I  would  give) ; 
also  joined  to  a  verbal  root:  fams-bad  ^dtis 
kyaheYen  if  all  without  exception  be  gather- 
ed ;  although,  btsal  kyah  ma  myed  although 
they  were  seeking,  they  did  not  find,  or, 
they  were  seeking  indeed,  but  did  not  find ; 
this  latter  turn  is  frequently  used,  where 
we  use  but,  yet,  nevertheless  etc. 
cwr'a^*  y^^^'^^dr  1.  sbst.  postscript  Cs. 
^     —  2.  adv.  again,  afresh,  anew  C. 


l^'^\ 


yah-ge  v.  yah-po. 


506 


^'^^  ydn-agos 


^ 


C^'wf  ydnsgoB  v.  yah  1. 
y^C5^' i/a/i-c^ar  Bhot  and  Schr, 
WP^^  yau'lbi  v.  ydn-^. 

yjr'QPOT  y^^'o)^  ^^  second  of  two  final 
ND  '   letters,  viz.  «  after  ^,  n,  6,  w. 

UsIC'^,    y^'^TT  2/«^-^>««-^-*a(spell- 
*^ '  '      ing  uncertain),  is  said  to 

7  '  be  the  n.  of  a  green  stone,  which  is  worked 
(  into  handles  of  knives  etc.  W, 

U^'^^^  ydn-dag-pa  v.  ddff-pa. 

WC'&\  y^^''^^  or,  in  B.,  com.  pleon.  after  the 
^  affixed  am  {garriy  nam  etc.),  which 
in  itself  already  expresses  the  or;  it  is  also 
preceded  by  dan\  further,  Thgy,\  either  — 
or  — ,  yan-na  (ni)  —  yan-na  (ni)  — . 

C^'S^r  ydh'Sprul  v.  sprul-fa, 

CWC'2}^  y^^'1?^  ^"i  ^yO'ti-fno*  6'.  and  W*ydh- 
ghe*  Ts.  adj.,  ydn-ba  adj.  and  sbst., 
light,  lightness,  opp.  to  IH-bay  q.  cf.;  —  fig. 
^amrhin  yan-ba  what  is  soft  and  light,  com- 
modious and  easy  DzL;  of  food  cf.  Ici-ba  II.; 
weak,  *cfe  san  ydn-mo  yin*  W,  this  is  a 
weaker,  less  emphatic,  word  than  that;  */?o 
ydii-mo*  6'.,  W,  cheerful,  happy. 

y^*^'  ydh-ma  early  barley,  v.  was  I. 

y^tr-^^gf' ydw-7w^-j?o  great-grandfather, 
ydn-mes-mo  great-grandmother 
ScL 

WC'3tor  y^n-i-tsal  very  high  skill,  consum- 
mate art  Mil, 
CMC*^  2/^'^-^^^  ^0  highest  point,  summit,  fig. 
the  height  of  perfection. 

y^'(^'  ydu'fsa  great-grandson  ScL 
up'^'  ydn-7aW.  buck,  ram,he-goat,=^i5a-ra. 

UP'OJ"  ydn-la  prob.  =  yan-na  S.g, 

Wp:'^^  ydn-aos  n.  of  a  hell  Thgy, 

CWC^sTiy  y^'^^'P^  ^-  ^^  'P^'i  wide,  broad, 

large,  fa/j,  soryhi  a  large  or  wide 

field,  plain  GZr.;  yam-Hh  rgya-ce-ba  laxge 

and  spacious,  of  a  house  S.O.;  ^gu-sa  (or 


ne-sa)  yan-pa  dug*  W.  here  is  much  room; 
fig.  ^mdg-ydn*  C,  W.  liberal,  generous,  boun- 
teous; ^yau'mM'lay  yan-ydn-pa-la*  W. 
sudden,  unexpected,  unawares;  *  yah -hug 
bd-be*  W,  to  hang  or  throw  a  coat  over, 
without  getting  into  the  sleeves;  yan-iam 
by^d-pa  id.,  Sch,;  *yah'hlub*  C,  W.  wide, 
of  clothes.  —  2.  V.  yyeh-ba. 

'  and  elsewh.,   city  in  ancient 
India,  now  Allahabad. 

yix*  yan  (=  ya  II ,  opp.  to  man  III  q.  v.) 
^  what  is  uppermost,  man-yan  below  and 
above  Cs.;  ydn-^na  Vs.:  above,  in  the  begin- 
ning, in  the  first  part;  gen.  yan  stands  as 
adv.  or  postp.  with  accus.,  =  ydn-la,  yan- 
i£dd{-la),  ya7i-^dd(-la)y  above,  in  the  upper 
part,  It^-ba  yan  st^h-la  ydd-de  Glr.  lit.  above 
the  navel  standing  out  of  (the  water),  i.e. 
standing  in  (the  water)  up  to  the  navel; 
sta-zur  yan-idd  DzL  above  the  hips;  to- 
brgyad  yan-^dd  Pth,  above  eight  years  old; 
otherwise  when  referring  to  time,  always 
till,  to ;  often  preceded  by  nas^  from  . . .  forttl, 
Glr, 

^r*  yan-ljiii  dulcimer,  musical  instru- 

'  ment  in  Ti, 
W&\^'  ^an-pa adj.,  free,  vacant, unoccupied, 
'  having  no  owner,  of  places  and  things 
that  are  common  property,  like  the  air,  rocks 
and  stones  etc. ;  Uyi  ydn-pa  a  dog  without 
a  master,  vagrant  dog;  gral  ydn-la  yod 
there  are  yet  places  ud occupied;  of  fields: 
unfilled,  fallow-ground;  yan  Kydr-la  ma  co, 
V.  Jcydr-ba\  ydn-gar-ba  separate,  apart,  by 
itself  Lt^.,  rgyal-rigs  ydn-gar-ba  ^  a  se- 
parate dynasty,  a  dynasty  of  its  own ;  ydn- 
gar-du  id,  adv.  Was.  (281);  rgyorydn  the 
external  world,  rgya-ydn{-gyi)  ynyhi-pa 
Glr.  a  helper  from  the  external  world;  sems 
rgya-ydn-du  ma  Ur-bar  byos  take  care  that 
the  mind  be  not  distracted  by  outward 
things;  *yan  la- be*  W,  to  disperse,  ^big^ 
nor  fsah-ma^  sam-pa  yan  son*  W.y  the  sheep 
have  dispersed  (or  a  sheep  has  strayed), 
the  fortune  is  gone,  the  thoughts  are  lost, 
wandering;  ydn-du  ^j^-pa  to  su£Per  (the 
sheep)  to  disperse  on  the  pasture ;  nod  yan- 


^Ti 


y^<3^'ap|'  ijdU'lag 


^ 


^^^  ydr-ttos 


507 


pa  wandering  (contagious)  disease,  =  yams 
Sch,  (ydtir-pa  to  run  about,  to  wander  Sch., 
is  rather  doubtful). 

W(3rQWr  y^^^  l-  member,  limb,  ydn-lag 
'  '  Ina  arms,  legs,  and  head  Mrig.\ 
ydn-lag  skydn-dan  an  injured  or  defective 
limb  Lea,;  ydn-lag  nyarns-pa  weak  in  the 
limbs,  decrepit,  crazy,  =  M-ba  Lea.  —  2. 
fig.  branch  of  a  river,  branch  of  a  tree;  dge- 
bmy^-gyi  ydn-lag  yzuh-bar  hgyio  Do,  was 
explained:  I  wish  to  be  counted  a  branch, 
i.e.  a  member,  of  the  community  of  novices; 
appendage,  something  subordinate  to  a  great- 
er thing,  like  branch-ertablishment  Tar.  175, 
3;  also  with  reference  to  books :  appendix, 
supplement  Tar.  —  3.  branch,  section,  sepa- 
rate part  of  a  doctrine  or  science,  frq.,  a  par- 
ticular head,  point,  thought,  in  a  treatise. 
CMfl'  y^^'  ^'®^P-  ^^^  P^y  father,  ryydl-po  yah 
yum  ysum  Glr.  the  king  and  his  two 
consorts;  rgydl-po  yah  yam  denotes  also 
king  and  queen  as  father  and  mother  to 
the  country  Glr.i  yah  rgydl-po-la  ysdl-to 
DzL  he  said  to  his  royal  lather;  yab^rds 
father  and  son,  in  a  spiritual  sense:  master 
and  disciple;  yab-m^  i.  father  and  grand- 
father. 2.  progenitor,  ancestors  Glr. 

cxiq-i:i-   cnu^q-q-  2/«*-p«>  ry^b-pa  i.  to 
'     '  lock,  lock  up,  secure,  cover 

oyer  JSch.,  yab'^a  things  well  secured,  under 
safe  keeping;  ydb-yob-pa  to  hide,  conceal 
Sch.;  yyab  or  yyab-sa  covered  place,  covert, 
shelter  ScL;  yah  rih  -po  portico,  veranda, 
e  g.  of  the  monastery  atTashilhunpo;  yoA-ros 
awning,  tent  Sch.  —  2.  C.  to  skim,  to  scoop 
off,  from  the  surface  of  a  fluid.  —  3.  W. 
to  move  to  and  fro,  hither  and  thither,  v.  yydb- 
pa.  — 

0^q-?f  mj^p^'^''ydb^o,Yydb-7m\.^%^0\ 
'    '  of  fanning,  waving,  Idg-pa 

ydb-mo  by^d-cin  ^ci-ba  dying  whilst  waving 
the  hand  to  and  fro,  considered  as  a  sign  of 
peace  Do. ;  gds-kyi  ydb-mo  by  id-pa  Glr.  to 
beckon  by  waving  with  one's  clothes;  hence 
fig.  —  2.  the  bringing  on,  provoking,  dgrd-boi 
of  an  enemy  Mil.,  ^puii-yzii  a  calamity  Mil. ; 
ydb'Tno  )h^'pa  or  yydg-pa  to  beckon  to 
come,  to  bring  (something  adverse)  upon 


one's  self.  —  3.  fan,  rhor-ydb  a.  a  yak-tail 
fan  Cs.  b.  kettle-drum  stick  5cA.;  sbran- 
ydb  fly-brush  Cs. ;  rlun-ydb  ventilating-  or 
cooling-fan  Cs.;  bsU^db  pankah  (Hind.),  a 
large  fan  suspended  from  the  ceiling  and 
set  in  motion  by  means  of  a  string.  —  4. 


sail  a.? 


(Xa^^^'Ova^  . 


?,^ 


)  £^-(  t^  V4I  tf  J^  ^  ^  ^ 


aj-  Lfo.,  /^^.,  J 


V^^'^  ydm-bu  =  rdo-fsad  v.  fdo  comp.^f^  ^\  ^ 

UJ^^^n' 1/dm ' m£ ' ba   1.  Sch.:   coarseVr"    r  "^^ ' 

roughly,  of  a  coarse  make,  rough- 
hewn.  —  2.  Mil.:  cui Kd-napdr-la ydm^me 
yhegs  he  walked  soflly  gliding  across  the 
water  to  the  other  bank. 

W^rBJs^'  y^'^'y^  Cs.  also  yawrAfam  Thgr. 
tottering,  not  steady  Cs.  yam-ydm 
byedr-pa  tO  totter. 

WS^^J*  y«^^;  yams-ndd  Cs.^  nad-ydms  Glr. 
epidemic  or  contagious  disease,  plague, 
md-yams  a  plague  caused  by  evil  spirits,  v. 
md"7no. 

UJX:  y^^->  fro^  y^i  up,  upward,  also  ydr-la, 
e.g.  yzigs-pa  to  look  up  Glr.,  ydr-^gro 
mdr-^gro  byid-paGlr.  to  travel  up  and 
down;  yar  mar  Jidg-pa  5.,  *kyddrde*  W. 
resp.,  to  walk  up  and  down;  ydr-la  Hyer 
hog  bring  or  fetch  up  Pth. ;  yar  ma  sgyugs 
mar  ma  J6n-par  Pth.  as  it  would  go  oflf 
neither  upward  by  vomiting,  nor  downward; 
ydr-nas  mdr-la  from  top  to  bottom;  yar  ^ton- 
pa  Thgy.  to  come  up  again,  from  a  depth; 
*yarmar  1san-marT%rW .  in  every  direction, 
all  over;  in  such  expressions  as  yar  lan-ba 
to  rise,  get  up,  yar  ^pd-ba  to  increase,  it 
stands  pleon.;  ydr-la  also  denotes  a  relation 
to  that  which  is  higher,  the  intercourse  with, 
th^  deportment  towards,  superiors  (mdr-la 
the  contrary)  Glr.\  esp.  with  reference  to 
the  transmigration  of  souls  and  their  final 
deliverance:  yar  y cod-pa  to  cut  oflf  the  way 
to  the  three  upper  classes  of  beings,  the  so- 
called  'good  natures',  yar  skyi-ba  to  be  re- 
born in  the  upper  classes,  the  reverse  of 
which  is  mar  ^grib-pa  to  sink  down  to  the 
lower;  yar  ^dr en-pa  to  draw  or  lift  up  to 
heaven.  "^ ^(k«^ r^^^a^o^  Y^  Y"  ^-  ^ -  ^ 


y^^?|^  ydr-ltos  imitation  Sch. 


oUr»^>.J^    UjM^ty^  ^  iSk  l-v 


508 


C^^'q*  ydr-ba 


^ 


^ 


iP^e 


CM^'q*  y^^-^^  to  disperse,  ramble,  stray  C. 
(=  *yaw  cd'he"^  IF.);  to  spring  or  leap 
off  6^.;  to  be  scattered  Sch 

W^tajC'  2/«^-^w^  ^^^*  a  large  tributary  of 
^  theYaDgtsekyaDgcomingfrom  the 
north,  in  western  China,  east  of  the  town 
of  Batbang;  nevertheless  Tibetan  historians, 
from  a  partiality  to  old  legends,  describe 
it  as  flowing  near  the  mountain  of  Yarlha- 
sampo.  V.  Kopp.  II,  50. 
CW^3rCX-$I*3^  Yarlhasampo,  a  snowy  moun- 
^  '  tain,  between  Lhasa  and  the 

frontier  of  Bhotan,  near  which  according 
to  tradition  the  first  king  of  Tibet,  piya- 
Uri-ytsdn-pOy  Nyatitsdnffpo,  coming  from 
India,  first  entered  the  country. 
CMOJ'm'  y^H^  branch,  bough,  frq.,  ydl-gai 
'  fsul'du  ramified  S.g.y  ydl-ga-iian 
branchy,  full  of  boughs;  yal^dn  C's.,  ydl- 
ga  preuSch,  small  branch,  twig;  yal-^ddb 
a  branch  full  of  leaves  C«. 
CMorq*  yol'bo-  to  dwindle,  fail;  disappear, 
vanish,  drod  yal  animal  heat  (in  a 
living  being)  diminishes,  (an  inanimate  ob- 
ject) cools  down,  grows  cold;  nod  yal  it 
evaporates  Lf.;  of  beer:  to  get  stale,  dead 
{W.:  *yal  id- be*);  '*(s)hig(8)  gydlrHan-la 
yal  ba  dtcg*  W.  the  stake  is  lost  in  going 
to  the  vrinner;  ^aydl-ba  bzin-du  Gh\  like 
the  vanishing  of  the  rainbow;  yal-M  Wdn. 
in  a  fruit  the  remnants  of  the  withered 
blossom;  to  be  obliged  to  yield,  to  be  dislodg- 
ed Olr,  fol.  25,  but  perb.  the  signification: 
to  disappear  is  also  here  admissible;  Itis  dan 
srog  yal  DzL  body  and  soul  are  trifled  away, 
are  lost;  ^go-yaP  (v.  ^g^-po)  one  who  has 
lost  himself  by  gambling  and  has  thus  be- 
come the  slave  of  another;  ydl-bar  jd&r-ba^ 
J}6r'ba^  I.  Sch.  to  annihilate,  annul.  2.  Cs.  to 
despise,  y^an  other  people.    Cf.  ydUba, 

CWQJ'XWQJ*  yO'l-^y<il  ^'«»  1 00  000  octillions,  yal- 
ydl  'S&n-po  a  nonillion;  yet  cf. 
dkriqs-pa. 

U^q-BfVT  JJf^y^^'y^^^  "^"^  inconstancy, 
'  ^     inattention,  carelessness  68., 

Sch. 

CM?J'  y^->  f**^^  y^>  ^  •  ^^^  above,  Jbdb-pa 
to  come  down  from  above  Cs,;  above. 


ydS'kyi  the  one  above,  the  upper  one/Jo.; 
yds-nas  from  above  6'.,  yas  www,  a.  from 
above  and  from  below  Cs.  b.  upward  and 
downward  Cs,;  yas-bydn  coming  from  above 
Mil.  —  2.  off,  away,  yas  ytdn-ba,  J)an'yds 
ytdn-hay  ytor-yas  byM-pa  Glr.  and  elsewh., 
to  throw  away.  —  3.  in  comp.  without,  mfa- 
yds  without  an  end,  endless,  frq.;  bgran-yds 
numberless  Ghram. 

^  yii  \>  num.  fig. :  54.  —  2.  in  some  com- 
binations inst.  of  ytflf,  so  yi  yhdd-pa  yi(d) 
cdd-pa  1.  to  forget,  e.g.  a  benefactor  Glr. 
2.  more  frq.  to  give  up,  to  despair  D^:/.;  de- 
spondency, despair  M2.;  yi-pri'ba  a  disliking, 
hatred  Cs. ;  yi(d)^mug-pa^  yi-mug-par  ogyur- 
ba  to  despair,  frq.;  yp-rdn^ba  to  be  glad, 
to  rejoice,  v.  rdn-ba ;  yi-ysdd-pa  Cs.  =  yi- 
miig-pa.  C -kj^iv^v   • -. 

C^'OT  yH<^  appetite,  yi-ga^^ag-,  ldx>g  the 

'    appetite  is  lost,  aversion,  disgust  is 
felt,  yi-ga  sdan  id.  Sch.;  ^Sms  id.  Med.;  yi- 
gar  ^on  it  is  grateful  to  the  taste,  it  tastes 
well  Med. 
cB'^T  2^"^^  ^^  comp.  yig^  1.  letter,  yi-ge  dbu^ 

'  ^aw(  W.  *r&mr-yig^^  the T ibetan  printed 
letters,  dJbu-rrUd^^  W.  *ta-yi^)  current  hand- 
writing, of  which  there  are  again  different 
kinds:  dpi-yig  the  more  distinct  and  care- 
ful, used  in  copying  books,  JHyug-yig  the 
cursory  and  often  rather  illegible  writing  in 
letters,  and  J>am-yig^  the  very  large  and 
regular  style  invented  for  the  use  of  ele- 
mentary writing -schools  (v.  specimens  of 
all  of  them  in  the  lithogr.  supplement  to 
Cs.'s  grammar).  —  yi-ge-drug-pa  the  six- 
syllable  (prayer),  theOmmanipadmehumff^r. 
and  elsewh.;  yi-ge-bdun^a  and  brgyd-pa 
Mil?  yi-ge  bsldb-pa  to  learn  reading  and 
writing,  yig-i^tsis  reading,  writing,  and  cy- 
phering; kd-yig  the  letter  k.  —  2.  anything 
that  is  written,  note,  card,  bill,  document; 
inscription,  title  (more  accurately  *d-y^),esp. 
letter,  epistle;  yi-ge  bzdg-pa  a  deposited  do- 
cument, bond  C;  dge-sdig-gi  yi-ge  register 
of  virtues  and  iniquities ;  y/-^«'  Ian  a  written 
answer  Glr.; yi-gei  hubs  a.  envelope,  b.  letter- 
case,  pocket-book;  yi-ge  Jbrirba  to  write  a 
letter,  sprin-ba  W.  *kdl-be*  to  send  off,  fob- 


J^^'Tj^r  yi^wags 


^ 


^^'  i/id 


509 


pa  to  receive  a  letter;  yi-ge  sleb  a  letter 
arrives;  yi-ger  Jbri-ba  Dzl.^  ^6d-^a  to  com- 
pose, to  pen  down ;  yi-ger  Jyrir  Jug-pa  to 
get  copied;  yi-ger  bris  o)dg  pa  litefns  man- 
datum  deponere;  sku-yig  letter,  circalar 
epistle;  /fd-yig  v.  above;  cdd-yig  contract, 
bargain;  ^cdms-yig  dancing-book,  rules  re- 
lating to  religious  dances;  ^Sdlryig  letter  of 
recommendation  Cs,;  rtdgs-yig  1.  stamp,  sig- 
nature Cs.  2.  certificate,  credentials  W. ;  ynds- 
yig  description  of  a  place;  sprins-  or  ^priv^ 
yig  =  skur-yig;  bu-yig  1.  copy.  2.  commen- 
tary, opp.  to  md-yig  1.  original,  first  copy; 
2.  text  Cs.;  Jbin-yig  =  rtdgs-yig  2  W.;  hU- 
yig  memorial,  petition;  Idn-yig  letter  in 
answer,  reply;  Idm-yig  1.  hand-book,  road- 
lMH)k,  guide,  Mm-bha-lai  lam-yig  description 
of  the  road  to  Sambhala  (a  fantastical  book). 
2.  itinerary^  travelling-journal  (?).  3.  pass-port 

a. 

^rmKr  yi-dioaga  (from  etymol.  subtility 
^  '  written  also  yid-tags  or  yid-biags^y 
^,  the  fifth  class  of  beiogs  of  Buddhist 
cosmography,  condemned  in  a  fore-hell  to 
suffer  perpetual  hunger  and  thirst,  a  grade 
of  punishment  preceding  the  final  and  full 
torments  of  hell;  they  are  represented  as 
giants  with  huge  bellies,  and  very  narrow 
throats,  inhabiting  the  air  Kopp.  I,  245. 
(j^j-™-  yi'dam^  less  frq.  yid-dam  (-  dam- 
'  bbd)  resp.  fugs -dam  1.  oath,  VOW, 
asseveration,  promise,  yi-dam-la  brthi-pas 
because  he  firmly  adhered  to  his  word  DzL 

—  2.  a  'wishing  prayer'  (v.  smon-lam)y  yU 
dam  bcd-ba  to  make  a  vow  Dzl.^  to  pro- 
nounce a  wishing  prayer  DzL  —  3.  medi- 
tation (this  signification  rests  only  on  the 
analogy  with  tugs-dam^  and  has  yet  to  be 
confirmed  by  quotations  from  literature). 

—  4.  also  yi-dam^Uid  tutelar  god,  a  deity 
whom  a  person  chooses  to  be  his  patron, 
whether  for  his  whole  life,  or  only  for  some 
particular  undertaking,  and  with  whom  he 
enters  into  an  intimate  union  by  meditation; 
frequently  also  it  is  a  defunct  saint  or  teacher 
(so  e.g.  the  yi-dam  of  Milaraspa  was  rdo- 
T^e-Jian)\  sometimes  such  a  connection  sub- 
sists from  infancy  through  life,  or  the  deity 


makes  advances  to  the  respective  person 
by  special  revelations,  so  in  the  case  of  king 
Sron-btsan-sgawr^  Glr.  —  5.  ace.  to  Cs.^s 
proposition:  sacrament;  yet  our  Christian 
converts  preferred  the  more  popular  dam- 
bba, 

^■M^'  y^  =  yi'9^  as  an  affix,  v.  yi-ge. 

53(Wq5j;^»  yiy-bskuVy  also  yig-Tngd^  epistolary 
'  >o  guide,  containing  the  different 
addresses  and  customary  phrases  used  in 
writing  letters  W.  —  yig  -  Han  library  C, 
chancery  Schr.  —  yig-mHan  secretary,  book- 
keeper, clerk  Glr.  and  elsewh.  —  y^-?a  Glr.^ 
Tar.  written  accounts,  records,  books  of  history. 
—  ytg-dpon  a  'master-writer'  Cs.  —  yig- 
prih  line,  written  or  printed.  —  yig-Jbru 
a  single  letter.  —  yig-fsdh  1.  archives,  re- 
cords, documents  Glr.  2.  book-case  Glr.  — 
yig-Jtzin  written  contract,  bidg-pa  to  indent 
(articles  of  agreement). 
C&J^  yid,  resp.  fugs^  1, 1.  soul,  mind,  esp.  the 
'  powers  of  perception,  volition  and  ima- 
gination^ cf.  bio ;  yid  bhin-du  as  one  would 
wish,  to  heart's  content,  frq.;  yid-bzin-gyi 
n&r-bu  a  jewel  or  talisman  that  grants  every 
wish ;  yid-du  ^on-ba  adj.,  rarely  yid-^on-po 
Mil.  engaging,  winning,  pleasing,  skyd-bo  mdn- 
poi  yid-du  J>n-ba  Do.  beloved  with  many; 
nice,  pretty,  of  girls,  houses  etc.,  frq. ;  also 
yid-kyi  inst  of  it,  e.g.  yid-kyi  mfo  a  pretty 
lake  Sbh.\  nai-yid  joh  my  dearest!  my 
darling!  Pfh.;  yid-du-mi-^on-bai  fsig  smrd- 
ba  Wdn.  to  say  some  unpleasant  word; 
whereas  W.:  *da  yid -la  yon  or  juh*  now 
it  comes  into  my  mind ;  na  yid-du  mi  rag 
I  do  not  recollect;  C:  *yf-la  ma  son*  it 
would  not  go  down  with  him,  he  had  no 
mind  for  it;  nai  yid-la  mi  Jbab  Tar.  it  does 
not  please  me,  I  do  not  like  it;  yid-la  sar 
kyan  ro  mi  myoh  Mil.  though  you  may 
fancy  it  in* your  mind,  yet  you  do  not  per- 
ceive the  i&sie'j yid-la  byM-pa,  ^dzin-pa  W.: 
*dd-dey  b&r-be*y  to  comprehend,  perceive,  re- 
member, mind,  take  to  heart,  frq.;  yid-kyis 
byed-pa  to  do  a  thing  in  one's  mind,  fancy, 
e.g.  sacrificing,  like  dmigs-la  Thgr.'^  yid-kyis 
byds-pa  fancied,  imagiDary,  ideal  Cs.]  *yi^- 


510 


'3^»VW<'<i^C 


^ 

^^2?. 


^^ 


yin-j>a 


kyl  log-fa!^  C,  to  read  meDtally,  softly,  in- 
audibly;  before  maDy  verbs  ywi  stands  al- 
most pleon. :  *i/id  kul'de*  W,  to  exhort;  yid 
JHul-ba  Sch.  'mental  sufFeiing',  perh.  better: 
to  be  uneasy,  troubled,  harassed;  yid  JiruU 
ba  to  be  mistaken;  yid-^adrpa  v.  yi-^codrpa; 
yid'Ces-pa  to  believe,  with  the  accus.  or  dat. 
of  the  thing  which  one  believes,  with  the 
dat.  of  the  person  whom  one  believes, . . . 
par,  that . . .  (cf.  ddd-pa);  liy6drla  hm  ^ 
yid  ma  ^^-pas  Mil.  having  become  a  little 
distrustful  towards  you;  *yid  (or  dhi)-bi^' 
iei  spS-ra*  W,  credible  words;  yid-brtan- 
dkd^a  Tar.  not  to  be  depended  upon,  hardly 
to  be  believed ;  yid-ynyis  doubt;  U-tsom  dan 
yid-ynyis  ma  byed  cig  M%1,\  yid  ^pdm-pa 
Mil  to  be  cast  down,  dejected,  depressed; 
yid  ^prog-pa  Mil,  to  prepossess,  to  infatuate; 
yid  bhh'ba  to  be  afraid,  full  of  anxiety  (?) 
Sch,;  yid  J>ynn-ba^  resp.  fugs-Jbyuh^a  Mil, 
to  be  sad,  unhappy,  discontented,  la,  on  ac- 
count of;  na  Kor-bai  ^os-la  yid-byun-naa 
Mil.  I  was  wearied  of  the  way  of  (con- 
stantly moving  in)  the  orb  of  transmigration; 
yid-Jbyin-pa  to  make  discontented  or  weary; 
yid-mug-pa  v.  yi-mug-pa'^  yid  Jsim-par 
^gyiir-baDzLio  become  satisfied,  contented; 
^yid  fsim  bo-ce*  W.  to  satisfy;  yid-log-pa 
to  be  tired  or  weary  of  Sch.;  yid-fun  Dzl. 
forward,  rash^  overhasty;  yid- duns  y.duns;. 
yidr-myds  fuddled,  tipsy ;  yid-smdn  v.  sm^n- 
pa;  yid-yhuns  v.  yzum;  yid-sriibs  Lexx.y 
Sch, :  'a  refractory,  stubborn  mind',  which 
however  does  not  suit  the  connection.  — 
2.  symb.  num.:  14.  —  U.  =  yudy  yid-tsam 
for  ynd'tsam,  Wdn  frq. 

^^^^V^  yid-tags  v.  yi-dags, 

cfiycr  y^'^^f  resp.  and  eleg.  Idgs-pa  I.  to 
'  be,  with  neg.  ma  yin  or  min^  W. 
*man^;  Hyod  su  yin  who  are  you?  bsa  de-ka 
na  yin  Mil,  I  was  the  leopard  (you  saw) ; 
with  genit,  nai  yin  that  is  mine,  belongs 
to  me ;  *di-rin  za-nyi-ma  yin*  W.  to-day  is 
Sunday;  gdn-nas  yin  Mil.  whence  are  you? 
^di  med^as  yin  Pth,  it  is  because  this  is 
not  here  . . . ;  na  bii-^moi  dus-na  yin-te  Glr, 
when  I  was  still  a  girl;  *yin  kyan*  6'.,  *yin- 


na  ya/i*  W.,  C,  for  ^on  kyaii  yet,  neverthe- 
less, notwithstanding;  yin-gran^-na)  y,grdn- 
ba  extr.;  yin  for  optat  or  imp.:  de  yin  I.  so 
it  is,  yes.  2.  that  may  be,  md  Jtod  run  deyin 
MU.  if  you  feel  no  inclination,  never  mind, 
let  it  be  so!  dgrd-bo  yin-ma^^an  yin  MIL  if 
he  is  an  enemy,  let  him  be  so !  yin^na  stands 
also  pleon.  with  adverbs  etc.:  snaryinma 
=  s/iar  MU,;  yin,  so  it  is!  yes!  wen,  W. 
*man*,  no!  yin-min  truth  in  a  relative  sense, 
yin-min-gyi  U-fsom  bsal  Glr.  it  removes  all 
doubts  as  to  the  truth,  e.g.  the  historical 
truth;  Tna  ytn^-pa^  min^pa  1.  vb.  not  to  be 
a  thing.  2.  adj.  not  being  a  certain  thing, 
ma  yin-paVy  adv. ;  cos  ma  yin-pcar  Siot  being 
laV,  i.e.  contrary  to  the  law  of  religion, 
wrong,  unjust,  =  7m  rigs-par;  yuL,  dus^  tsod, 
rigs-^a  ma  yin-par  spydd-pa  Thgy.  to  do  a 
thing  at  a  wrong  time  or  place,  without 
observing  due  measure,  in  an  improper  or 
unnatural  manner;  hence  also  moryvnrpa 
alone :  wrong,  unjust;  *maryini-p$  cff-pajM- 
Kenrla  tm-Mg  zer*  C.  whoever  commits  an 
improper  action  is  called  *fen-^ig*;  hence 
also  yin-^n  right  and  wrong.  —  3.  v.  mm. 
Cf.  moreover  ydd-pa  and  ^dug-pa^  which 
may  be  used  for  yin-pa^  but  not  inversely. 
Sometimes  it  implies  to  mean,  to  signify :  rna 
de  ci  yin  Glr.  what  does  this  drumming 
mean  ?  rgydlrpo  Uon-rdh  yin  dgons  the  king 
thought  (the  prophecy)  meant  him,  referred 
to  himself;  fog -ma  nid-kyi  pyir  ma  yinr 
pas  Dzl.  as  from  the  very  beginning  it  was 
not  aimed  at  me,  had  no  reference  to  me; 
also  in  other  instances,  where  we  have  to 
use  words  of  a  more  precise  character:  Hyddr 
kyi  lo  gah  yin-pa-la  fcd-wo  dgu^gis  Tar. 
whilst  the  sensibility  that  was  vrith  you, 
i.e.  the  discretion  shown  by  you,  gives  me 
much  pleasure.  —  II.  yin  is  joined  to  a 
partic.  pres.,  quite  analogous  to  our  English 
construction:  ^d-ba  yin  I  am  going  MiL, 
C;  Icydd-la  Idm-mkan  ydd-pa  iyinf  Mil 
(are  you  having)  have  you  a  guide?  dd 
ndn-na  su  ydd-pa  yinf  Glr.  who  is  within? 
it  is  also  joined  to  a  partic.  pf.,  when  re- 
ferring to  the  past:  na-rdn-la  skyis-pa  yin 
Glr.  I  have  bom  him ;  Md-pa  yin-pas  Glr. 


^C\'  yib 


^ 


511 


WC'^  yun-ma 


because  he  is  descended  from  . . . ;  hi  byiih- 
ha  yin^  Olr,  what  has  become  of  him  ?  de- 
dm  H  byas-pa  yinMil,  what  were  you  doing 
just  then?  so  esp.  W, :  ^zir-pa  yiriy  zh^-pen^ 
he  has  said  it,  ^kdUpen^  it  has  been  sent 
off;  joined  to  the  partic.  fut,  (or  to  the 
partic.  pres.  or  pf.,  in  as  far  as  these  are 
sometimes  used  also  for  the  fut.)  it  ex- 
presses futurity:  U-ba  yin  Pth,  I  shall  die; 
no  su  sSs-pa-la  bskurba  yin  Glr.  she  shall 
be  given  to  him,  that  will  know  her,  find 
her  out  from  amongst  the  rest;  ^rd-ba  yin 
mod  Glr,  indeed  you  will  have  to  go  now. 
When  joined  to  a  root,  it  is  only  in  W.  that 
it  denotes  the  future :  ^Ub  yin^  Ub-bin*  he 
will  come,  *tdn  yin*  he  will  give. 

Comp.  ^yin-tog^can*  W.  thinking  one's 
self  to  be  something  (great),  proud,  con- 
ceited. —  yin-fml  Mil,  property,  atbibute, 
ni  f.  —  yin4ugs  \ .  circumstances,  condition 
(^'ynds'lugsf);  Kdn- imams -kyi  yin -lugs 
btjod  Mil.  she  related  to  him  her  circum- 
stances. 2.  nature  or  essence  of  things  Mil, 
^Jjfl-  yiby  V.  ^ar-yib  eaves,  shed  Mil.  nt^  yet 

cf.  the  following. 
^Jjq-q-  yib^a  to  hide  one's  self  6.,  W,\  car 
yib  byed-pa  Pth,  to  take  shelter  from 
the  rain;  ^yib-te  b&r-b^  W,  to  hide,  conceal; 
yUMna  something  hidden  Sch.\  yib-sa  place 
of  concealment,  hiding-comer. 
;J|^  yis,  termination  of  the  instrum.  case 

after  vowels,  po. 
m-  ytt  1.  sbst.?  yu  byid-pa  to  calumniate 
^   Sch,  (?);  ytir-na  if  it  is  true  Sch.  (??)  — 
2.  num.  figure :  84. 
WTTj'   Jff  y^'9^->  "^  ^^ts,  or  a  similar  kind 

nd      >o  of  grain,  which,  in  case  of  need, 
may  serve  for  food  C 
mw^^T'  yu-gvrUn  officinal  tree,  yielding 

\J    '      a  remedy  for  wounds  and  sores 
S.g,;  also  fig.  Wdh, 

WTTO'^  Urq|-^  y^'O^'^y  ir^^-ra,  n.  of  a 
\J  '  ^  '  country  and  people,  Cs,^ 
which  Sch.  gratuitously  identifies  with  Tan- 
gud]  however  Glr,  p.  32  is  stated,  that  Ti- 
bet derived  mathematical  science  and  works 
of  art  fi^m  the  east,  viz.  China  and  Mi- 
nyag  (i.e.  Tan-yud)^  laws  and  specimens 


of  workmanship  from  the  north,  viz.  Hor 
and  Yugera  (which  are  frequently  mention- 
ed together  Ma.)  —  a  passage  which  Sch, 
(History  of  the  Eastern Monguls,  328)  trans- 
lated, but  owing  to  an  obscurity  in  the  Mon- 
gul  text,  he  failed  to  recognize  Yugera, 
instead  of  which  he  has  the  word  'Gugi', 
questionable  even  to  himself.  {Sch,  on  the 
'Phantom  of  the  Turkish  Uigures',  v.  Preface 
to  Dzl  IX). 

yj-q-  yu'ba  handle,  hilt,  shaft,  gri-yu  haft  of 
^  a  knife;  stdr-yu  helve  of  an  axe;  d^bs- 
yu  handle  of  an  awl;  Iham-yu  leg  of  a  boot 
Cs,;  yu{'ba)'ban  provided  with  a  handle, 
yu-m^d  without  a  handle  Cis.;  yvr-bcdd  ^shoes, 
slippers'  Sch,  (?). 

W^OTT  yu'bv^ag  Cs,  =  Ji-byrca^, 

U^2f  CXJ'Jf  y'^'^y  yu-im  ox,  cow,  having 
^*  ^  ^  no  horns  Cs, ;  for  yu^mo  Sch. 
has  *hind,  female  of  a  stag' ;  it  seems  to  be 
little  known,  yu-nw  srol-gon  and  yii-mo 
mdeU'Jbyin  names  of  plants  Wdii. 

cxjqr  y^  ("^  **^0  1-  pJ^c®  ®*  cto*  ^^  stuff; 

^*  '  gds'su  ras-ying  ydig-las  mi  bddg-ste  Dzl. 
as  they  had  but  one  cotton  cloth  for  their 
clothing.  Cotton  cloth  is  generally  of  very 
small  width,  but  the  silk  fabric,  designated 
by  dar-yug^  seems  not  to  exceed  much  the 
breadth  of  ribbons  Glr.  —  2.  for  yud  Mil. 

UOTrSf  y'^9'P^'>  ^'  <^"P^  ®*^>  prob.  the 
^*   '       same  as  yu-ku, 

^  '^  ^  '  ^  '^  ^  za  mourning  for  a 
deceased  husband  or  wife,  and  the  state  of 
uncleanness  consequent  to  it,  the  duration 
of  which  varies  according  to  circumstances, 
whether  the  first  or  second  spolise  has  died, 
and  also  with  respect  to  the  different  coun- 
tries; yug(s)'^a'pa,  eAso  yug(sy8a  widower, 
yug(s)'8a-7no  widow;  yug(8ysa  pdg-pa  be- 
ing unclean  in  consequence  of  mourning; 
sdns-pa  cleansed,  viz.  by  the  expiration  of 
the  time  of  mourning  Cs. 

t^Q'^ytin-ba  Med,,  *yiin-pe*  W.,  turmeric 
CXJC'^'  yur)-ma^  for  nyun-ma^  turnip  Glr, 


512 

mj^^Y^TT^'  ytins'(d)kdr  white  mustard, 
^  .   yww5-7wijrblack  mustard;  yMw8- 

J>ru  grain  of  mustard-seed,  yuns-Jbru  tsam 
as  small  as  a  grain  of  mustard-seed  S.g. ; 
yum-mdr  oil  of  mustard. 
OJJT'  yy^  1-  rarely  yw^,  a  very  small  portion 
^  '  of  time,  moment,  ace.  to  S.g.  =  qs^^ 
stated  to  be  a  space  of  time  varying  from 
8  seconds  to  2 J  minutes;  yud  tsam  (zig)^ 
yud  rd  but  one  moment,  yud-tsam^a  Do. 
of  a  moment's  duration;  ^  ^di  yud  tsam 
yin  pyi-ma-la  mfa-rndd  this  life  is  but  like 
a  moment,  the  future  without  end ;  yud-kyis^ 
yud-du  in  a  moment,  e.g.  ynds-su  'pyivrfa 
to  get  to  a  place  S.^.;  for  a  moment,  nam- 
mMaAa  Itd-ba  looking  up  to  heaven  Wdn. 
—  2.  ace.  to  Stg.  Ku^  foL  53,  yud  is  a  space 
of  time  of  longer  duration,  48  minutes;  ace. 
to  Schr.  in  Bhot  »  Ih^fydd  24  minutes.  — 
3.  a  black  or  coloured  stripe  on  woven  fa- 
brics, yud-can  striped,  black  or  white  W. 

^^^yudrbu  =  yti-iw,  J^bu  Cs.  (?). 

OJjr-jMC*  yud-yud  Sch. :  yud-yud  brid^a  a 
^  '^^  dim  and  indistinct  glimmering  be- 
fore one's  eyes. 

CMdr^^^  time,  when  denoting  a  certain  space 
^^  '  or  length  of  time,  klog  Jcyug-pai  yun 
tsam  ma  Idn-par  der  pyin-na^  Mil.  in  no 
longer  time  than  a  flash  of  lightning  takes 
he  arrived  there;  yun  nn-po,  W.  ^-mo*,  a 
long  time,  yun  Hn-por,  yun  rin-du  during 
a  long  time,  yun  rin-po-nas  a  long  time 
since  or  past;  *yun  mdn-po  bud  ca  dug* 
W.  a  long  time  passes;  *yun  ria-ni  Ud-na* 
W.  by  degrees,  gradually;  yun-du  Gh\  for 
a  long  time  to  come;  yun  H  srid-du  how 
long?  yun  fun-ba  a  short  time. 

CM$r  y^^'  ^^P*  ^^^  ""^^  ^'  mother,  btsun- 
"^  TWO  yum^  yum  btsun  -  mo  the  queen 
mother.  —  2.  Ssk.  wnpUl^  ^^itle  of  the  third 
and  latest  part  of  the  sacred  writings,  which 
contains  the  Abhidharma,  or  metaphysical 
portion  (Kopp.  I,  595.  Bum.  1,  48);  Sch. 
mentions  also  an  extract  of  it,  yum-liih. 

xyxs^tx  y^'f^'pciy  only  W,  to  strew,  salt  on 
^  footi,  ashes  on  the  snow. 


^'  yul 


W^ST  ywr-Aa  L  vb.  1.  to  slumber,  W.  also 
^         *fom  yur-be*.  —  2.  v.  yur-ma. 

n.  sbst.  aqueduct,  conduit,  water-course, 
ditch  Glr, ;  yur-po  be  a  large  trench,  channel, 
canal,  yur-prdn  a  small  one;  sbube-yur  a 
covered,  subterraneous  canal  Cs.;  yur(-bai) 
ihi  water  conveyed  by  a  canal. 
CW^'$J'  y^r-'"^  the  act  of  weeding  C,  W.; 
^*  ^yur-^ma  yur-wa*^  C,  W.  also  *co-€^ 

to  pull  out  weeds;  metaph.  to  purify  the 
mind,  cleanse  the  heart,  e.g.  by  disburden- 
ing one's  conscience. 

CX|Q)'  yuZ  1.  place,  a.  an  inhabited  place,  as 
^  opp.  to  desolation,  fan  stan-panddan 
yul  med-bih  Pfh.  a  desert  in  which  there 
are  neither  men  nor  dwelling-places;  b. 
place,  with  reference  to  a  sacred  community 
(college,  monastery  etc.)  near  it,  eg.  some 
of  the  students  live  in  the  college,  others 
in  the  place:  so yulrdgdn  village  and  mon- 
astery, ytU-dgdn-mams  Mil  for  yulr^i  dan 
dgdn-pa-pa-mams  laymen  and  clerics, 
c.  place,  province,  country,  in  a  gen.  sense, 
y^il'(gyi)  skad  provincial  dialect,  provin- 
cialism; yul-(gyi)  mfil^  mihg  chief  place, 
capital;  yul  cen-po  brgyad  chief  places;  as 
such  are  enumerated  in  Pth.y  without  any 
regard  to  geography,  Singhala,  Thogw,  Li, 
Balpo,  Kashmir,  Zahor,  Urgyan,  Magato; 
rgya-gar{'gyi)  yul  India;  rgyd-yul,  bodrytd, 
sdg-yul  India  (or  China),  Tibet,  Mongolia; 
whenever  yul  precedes  a  word,  as  in  *yul 
wa-^a-na-s^*,  it  is  to  be  understood  in  this 
way :  as  to  the  place  (situation),  in  Banaras; 
skyid-yvl  a  lucky  place,  sdug-yul  an  unlucky 
one;  pa -yul  fatherland,  native  country, 
home;  ran-yul  one's  own  country,  yzdfiryd 
a  foreign  country;  jbrog-yui  country  con- 
sisting of  steppes,  rdn-yul  country  full  of 
ravines;  lha(i)-yul  land  of  godt,  abode  of 
the  Uitty  also  fig.,  a  particularly  pleasant 
country  or  scenery ;  mi^i^-yul  abode  of  WWi 
(^*  oixovfihrj)  the  inhabited  world,  earth,  yet 
in  the  Tibetan  sense  always  as  opp.  to  the 
abodes  of  good  or  evil  deities;  mHyut-m 
mi  ^on  Glr.  in  the  world  such  a  thing  is 
not  to  be  found;  mdm-^es  dbdn-poi  yuUas 
^dds-pa  Wdn.  the  soul  that  has  left  the  ex- 


JWyuZ 


^ 


^ 


513 


y« 


temal  world,  (yetcl  no.  2);  spyddr-yuly  q.v. 

—  2.  the  object  or  objects  of  perception  by 
means  of  the  senses;  pyii  ytd  drug  the  pro* 
vinces  of  the  six  seDses^  viz.  forms  (the  ex- 
ternal appearances  of  bodies),  sounds  etc. 
MU.;  so  prob.  also:  yul-maTm-la  Uns-spyod- 
far  rmdnS'te  Wdn.  dead  to  sensual  plea- 
sures; yul  mi  ^dzin-poy  or  ys^n-du  ^dzin- 
fO'  Thffy,  to  perceive  things  either  not  at 
all,  or  not  correctly;  hjddrpai  yul-las  ^dds- 
pa  is  stated  to  imply:  exceeding  the  limits 
of  speech,  unspeakable,  unutterable;  badm- 
hyai  ydJrlas  ^ddS'pa  —  bsAm^gyis  mi  Uydb- 
pa  frq.  unimaginable,  inconceivable,  which 
term,  however,  does  not  seem  to  be  fully 
adequate;  also  Was.  (311)  translates  ytd 
with  object;  cf.  /was,  5.  —  3.  weather,  or 
rather  in  a  more  gen.  sense,  climatic  state 
of  a  country,  and  condition  of  the  beings  in 
it,  V.  below  ytd-ndn,  yul-bzdh, 

Comp.  and  deriv.  yt^Z-AfdTTis  kingdom,  e.g. 
of  Nepal,  China,  Glr.  —  yulrji&r  country, 
province  Ghr,  —  ytU^gru  id.  Olr.  —  ytd- 
dg&n  V.  above.  —  ytdrndn  C.  tempest,  ytdr 
nan-gyi  fMnrna  the  turmoil  of  the  tempest 
Glr.]  ako  public  calamities,  such  as  famine, 
murrain  etc ,  Glr.  —  yid-han  1.  suited,  pro- 
per, being  in  its  place,  fulfilling  its  purpose, 
Cb.  (?)  2.  that  which  is  treated  ^objectively' 
Wa»  31 1,  cf.  no.  2  above.  —  yul-cos  charac- 
teristic properties,  manners  etc.  of  a  country. 

—  ytd'ljdns  district,  tract  of  country.  — 
*ytd  tum-tum*  Ld.  the  separate  villages  of 
a  whole  cluster  beariug  one  common  name. 

—  yul-sdd  I.  district  6'.,  IF.  2.  village  magi- 
strate. —  yul'pa  inhabitant,  native,  yan  yul- 
pa  yin  whence  are  you  ?  what  is  your  coun- 
try? —  citizen,  burgher  AfiL;  yid-pa-mams 
the  people,  the  public  Mil.  —  yul-po  gen. 
with  cBy  a  large  country,  Mil,  —  yiil-dpon 
village  magistrate,  district  judge.  —  yul- 
pydgs  region,  neighbourhood  MU.  —  yul- 
ma  a  native  woman.  —  yul- mi  1.  =  y{d- 
pa.  2.  countryman,  compatriot  Do.  —  yul- 
mid  1.  Improper,  not  in  its  place  Cs.  2.  ran- 
snan  yid-m^d  bstdn-du  ysol  Glr.  was  ex- 
plained: what  has  no  place  in  my  mind, 
what  I  do  not  know  or  understand,  I  beg 


you  to  teach  me.  —  yidrfso  village,  borough, 
==  grdn-fso.  —  ^ytd-^dd-zum-Kan*  W.  land- 
surveyor,  eogineer.  —  ytd-yiis  v.  yiu.  — 
ytd-bzdn  fair  weather  Ci.,  yet  cf.  yid-ndn.  — 
ytd-yod-pa  ^  yid'Can  Cs.  —  yid-len  th^ 
mode  of  forwarding  letters  from  village  to 
village,  instead  of  expediting  them  in  longer 
and  regular  stages,  —  yul-bhdd  geography 
or  topography.  —  ytd  -  sd  dwelling-place, 
habitation  W,  —  yul-srid  government  of  a 
country  Schr.  —  yulrsrid  =  ytd-la  JMrpa 
attachment  to  one's  native  place,  the  love 
of  country  and  of  home,  MU. 
CMOl'fl'  y^ba,  less  oorr.  spelling  for  nyidr 
^  ba  Tar. 

^^-  yus  1.  boasting,  bragging,  puff,  yus  He 
^  don  dun  MU.  much  bragging,  and 
nothing  in  it,  yus  ce  sea  ISun  MU.  one  that 
boasts  much,  and  knows  very  little;  yus 
bryodrpa,  byed-pa  to  boast  Cs.  —  2,  pride, 
Hon  yus  ma  ce  Off  do  not  take  too  much 
pride  in  your  heart  itft^.;  Ids-labyas  yus  ^H-^na 
nd-so  <kin  the  moreaman  is  pleased  with  him- 
self after  his  deed,  the  less  (real)  happiness. 
—  3.  blame,  charge,  accusation  Schr.^?)^ 
false  accusation  Sch.  (?),  yus  byid-pa  to 
charge,  accuse  Schr.  —  4,  ardour,  fervour, 
transport,  ddd-pai  yi&s-kyis  in  the  fervour 
of  devotion,  e.g.  to  shed  tears,  to  fall  down 
on  the  ground  Pth.  —  5.  yus  Jud-pa  to 
fasten  one  cord  to  another,  to  knit  or  join 
things  together  Sch. 

y^-  ye,  1.  Cs.:  ^yi-ma  beginning  and  eternity, 
ye-lddn  eternal'.  This  word  is  known 
to  me  only  as  an  adv.,  completely,  perfectly, 
highly,  quite;  yi-nas  id.;  ye-ddg  quite  clean, 
ye-rdzdgs  quite  perfect,  yi-nas  bzdn-po  al- 
together good;  with  a  negative  following, 
not  at  all,  ye  ma  ^dod  I  felt  no  inclination 
at  all,  ye  ma  zig-par  ^dug  Mil.  he  was  not 
hurt  at  all,  yi-nas  mi  byed  dgos  that  is  not 
to  be  done  by  any  means ;  ye-his  (vulgo  Ld. 
**i-i«s*)  HTW,  tlie  perfect,  absolute,  heaven- 
ly, divine  wisdom;  less  frq.  resp.  ye-mkyin; 
ye^is  Ina  the  five  kinds  of  divine  wisdom, 
of  which,  ace.  to  some,  every  Buddha  is 
possessed,  ace.  to  others,  only  Adibuddha; 
ye-ses,  ina  great  measure  at  lea^t,  is  inherent 

38 


514 


^'?^'  y^-% 


^ 


^ 


y^9 


to  all  great  saints  and  divine  beings;  it  will 
suddenly  break  forth  from  the  bodies  of  the 
terrifying  gods  in  the  shape  of  fire,  which 
puts  the  demons  to  flight  Glr.\  ran'-hyiih 
ye-kds  the  self-originated  wisdom  occasion- 
ally is  personified  in  a  similar  manner,  as 
Wisdom  is  in  the  Proverbs  of  Solomon;  in 
later  times  this  conception  coincides  in  the  po- 
pular mind  also  with  atoh-pa-nyid.  —  2.  pro- 
vinc.  for  yin  Glr.  75.  —  3.  provinc.  for  . . .  am^ 
Uyed  bld-ma-dan  ^ffrd-ye  Mil,  are  you  going 
to  the  Lama?  —  4.  in  comp.  for  y^-^^,  v. 
ye-fiff.  —  5.  num.  figure:  114. 
y^-ntor  y«-%  ScL:  the  trace,  line,  or  mani- 

'  testation  of  divine  wisdom'. 
yjVr[^^  ye-ddns  Bal.  for  nyidrrdn^  you,  the 

'         pronoun  of  polite  address. 

yEVqJ^i'  y^M^  ^  contagious  disease  Cs.; 

^^  '   ace.  to  oral  explanation:   injury 

inflicted  on  the  soul,  harm  done  to  the  mind, 

which  may  take  place  in  360  different  vi^ays 

Ma.  - 

yjV^r-  y^-rdn  n.  of  a  city,  next  to  Ehobom 
(Katmandu),  the  first  in  Nepal  Mil, 

Wf^*  ye-re  v.  ySt'-re-ba. 

CA)'^  y^-hi  Jesus  CTir.  Prot 

^^^^^^' y^s-pa  rough,  shaggy,  hairy  Cs. 

CA^C^  yih-ba  v.  yyin-ba. 

CAJ^'n  yed-po  provinc.  for  ydg-po. 

lM(3r  ^^^^  prob.  only  in  yhi-la  joined  to 
'  ytdfi-^a  and  synonyms,  to  bestow  liber- 
ally, amply,  plentifully;  zas  dan  spydd-lam 
yen 'la  ytad-par  by  a  food  and  exercise 
should  be  amply  provided  for  Lt 

t^^'  yer  Lt.  =  ynyidryer  q.v. 

cS^CT  y^'P^^  pydg-tu  y^-pa  iig  mdzdd- 
nas  to  raise  one's  hand  with  the 
palm  turned  upward,  as  a  gesture  of  (wil- 
lingly or  respectfully)  offering,  Mil,nt  (This 
term  might  perh.  be  applied  to  the  'waving' 
of  the  wave-offerings,  ordained  by  the  Mo- 
saic law.) 

V^xrsr  y^'ba  sprinkled,  sputtered,  spouted(?) 
^        ScL 


y^;^^'q'  y^'-re-ba  pure,  clear,  genuine,  un- 
adulterated MU. ;  sno  ye^e  a  pare 
blue,  dkar  ye-ri  a  pure  white  C 

CA^arU^aj'  y^^-y^^5  Ptk.  frq.,  e.g.  mdatit  yd- 
yily  sems-dgd  yel-yel  clear,  ligM, 
bright  or  something  like  it(.''). 

^^*?^  yes-mis  ancestor  Sch. 
^'  yo  numerical  figure:  144. 

Bf  m*  y^-a^^  Ssk.  =  mal-^bydr,  yd^  =  yo- 
'  ffa-pa,  yd-gi-^i  =»  yo-ga-ma;  more 
about  this  word  v.  Williams  Ssk.  Diet 

iXrq'  y^'ba  1.  adj.  and  sbst.,  oblique,  slop- 
ing, slanting,  av^,  crooked;  obliquity, 
slope,  slant;  bun^yd-ba  a  little  slanting, 
crooked  Glr,\  Ua  yo  the  mouth  awry  S.^.; 
ydn-pOy  col.  *y6n-te*^  adj.,  id.;  yo  sron-ba, 
ydn-po  bsran-bay  Lexx.^io  make  the  crooked 
straight;  *zdm-pa  yon-ydn  ho  dug*  W,  the 
bridge  is  unsteady,  swings  to  and  fro;  fig. 
twisted,  distorted,  perverted,  erroneous;  ^- 
c^ocf  wrong  interpretation,  false  judgment; 
going  crooked  ways,  deceitful,  crafty,  and 
sbst  crookedness,  deceitful  dealings  Cs,; 
more  frq.  yyo,  —  2.  everything,  altogetber, 
whole  (?)  Sck. 

Qfoj^'  yo-bydd,  tools,  implements,  chattels, 
^^  household  furniture,  necessaries,  ^Uo- 
bai  necessaries  of  life;  miod-pai  requisites 
for  sacrificing;  yo-bydd  sbyor-ba  to  procure 
the  needful,  to  make  preparations  Dzl.'^yo- 
bydd  fams-bdd-kyis  (or  bzdn-pos)  stdb-pa 
Tar.  to  provide  a  person  with  everything 
necessary,  to  fit  out  well;  yo-bydd  srd-ba 
id.  (?)  Sch. ;  yo-byddrkyis  Jbrdl-ba  to  be  in 
want  of  the  needful;  nor  pyitgs  yo  -  bydd 
money,  cattle,  and  furniture,  as  a  specifi- 
cation of  property. 

gjjCpj^.  yO'Jbog  Wdn.  n.  of  a  tree,  which 
'    by  the  Lamas  of  Sikim  is  stated 
to  grow  in  Tibet;  jScA.:  elm,  and  in  anotiier 
place:  rii yo-Jbdg  linden-tree,  less  prob. 

IjfjBV  yo9  !•  c^l*  ^^^  *lso  sometimes  in  B., 
'  for  ^ogr  below,  down  staht,  yog-Mdn 
ground-floor;  cellar.  —  2.  v.  yy^g-pa. 


'       pole  or  stick  for  stirring  the  fire^  poker 

Mil  nt  —  2.  V.  yy6g-fo. 

Qlm-m^y  ydg-ybm  one  that  is  wetting  his 

'  l^"  bed  Sch. 
DSc'fl'  y<^^'f>ay  pLyons^  used  throughout 
Tibet  (except  in  Balti^  where  they 
say  *'dn'das*);  not  unfrq.  also  in  later  lite- 
rature, for  ^dn-ba  to  COme;  Sch.  has  also 
yon-cad  (-fsad?)  time  and  place  of  coming, 
and  yon-y^  ever  before,  at  all  times  (?). 
Jjfr^jr  yons,  ally  whole,  mgo-ndg  ydns-kyi 
rye  Glr,  lord  of  all  the  black-haired 
(i.e.  of  all  men);  yons-^du-^fsal-ffyi po-brdn 
MU.  the  palace  in  which  all  wish  to  meet, 
nif.;  ydm-m  adv.  wholly,  completely,  alto- 
gether, ydns-su  ddg-pa  quite  clean,  ydnssu 
spdn-ba  to  give  up  entirely ;  ydns-su  bsldd- 
de  quite  lost  in  perverseness;  generally,  uni- 
versally, zes  ydnssu  grdgs-so  Glr.  so  he  was 
universally  called;  ydns-grdgs-kyi  bu  cen 
bH  Mil,  nt^  four  disciples,  followers,  of  uni- 
versal fame;  sdzcg-bsnal-las  ydns-su  ma 
grdUla  Stg.y  seems  to  mean :  he  is  not  yet 
quite  delivered;  cf.  however  yi-nas  with  a 
negative.  —  yom-grub  the  absolute,  what 
is  independent  and  complete  in  itself  Was, 
(202).— 

Dsfe'CT  y^^^y  ^®^P-  ^^^  ®'®8'  '^^S'pa  1.  to 
'  be,  =  yin-fa^  sgyu  yod  Dzl,  it  is  de- 
ceit, humbug;  often  with  the  termin.,  like 
^dug-pa^  dud-pa  Itd-bur  yod  Glr,  it  is  smoke- 
coloured;  hin-fu  mtun-par  yod  Jiug-pas 
Olr,  as  they  are  very  intimate  with  each 
other;  with  a  participle  joined  to  it  (or  a 
gerund,  vulgo,  esp.  in  W,),  grd-ba  yod  it  IS 
becoming,  growing,  getting  Pth,;  Mr-pyogs- 
m  bstdn-pa  yod  it  is  pointing  towards  the 
east,  stsdl-nas  yod  he  gives,  has  given; 
brtsig^nas  yod  he  is  building,  he  was  build- 
ing; *leb(s)"te  yod*  W,  he  is  (has)  come; 
with3a  root  often  pleon. :  nas  b^ags  yod  Uyodr 
kyis  Uol  big  Mil.  I  have  been  splitting  (the 
tree),^do  you  carry  it  away  now;  nan  ^in- 
po  byas  yod  Glr,  he  has  been  committing 
a  great  evil;  son  ydd-pas  Pth.  as  he  was 
gone.  —  2.  to  be  in  a  certain  place,  der  rdzin- 
bu'jtig  ydd'pai  ndn^na  Dzl  ina  pond  which 


af^ 


515 


yon 


IS  irj  that  place ;  nai  yul-mi-las  bu-mo  ydd- 
pa-mam  Dzl,  the  girls  that  are  among  my 
subjects;  *de  ndn-na  ydd-Han  fsdn-ma^  W, 
all  that  is  in  it;  yddrsa^  pop.  for  gdn-na-bay 
place  of  abode.  —  3.  to  exist,  to  be  on  hand, 
bde-bayodmayin  Pth,  no  happiness  exists; 
bun-zad  yod  kyah  srid-kyis  Dzl.  as  possibly 
a  little  might  still  be  on  hand;  V  yod  is,  or 
are  there  (even  now)?  Glr,;  sndn-ba  ydd- 
pai  du8'8u  Thgy.  whilst  there  is  day-light. 
—  4.  with  genit.  or  dat.  for  to  have  (like 
the  Latin  est  mihi  I  have):  si^la-^anyod 
ma  yin  Pth,  nobody  has. . .;  rgydl-po-la 
^dodrpa  l^n-po  yod-par  ^dug  the  king  seems 
to  have  yet  a  great  wish ;  rgydl-moi  yydg- 
mo  hig  ydd-pa  de  Pth,  a  maid-servant  whom 
the  queen  had ;  so  in  a  like  manner  without  a 
case:  gri^ig ydd-pa  de  Mil  the  knife  which 
he  had  about  (him);  ydd-pa  Thgy.  the 
things  which  one  has,  Ta  vnaQxovra ;  Mrdn- 
pa  JLom  bbu-dgu  ydd-pa  Glr,  a  well  having 
a  depth  of  19  fathoms.  —  5.  ydd-par  ,^gyur 
a  fut.  of  ydd-pa  shall  or  will  be.  b.  to  origi- 
nate, appear,  bsdns-pai  k&l-du  da-run  yan 
ydd-par  gyur-ruis  Dzl,  as  in  the  place  of 
(the  gold-pieces)  that  were  taken  away,  al- 
ways new  ones  appeared,  c.  to  get,  recehfO, 
Uri  ydugs  kyah  ydd-par  gyur  dig  Dzl  the 
throne  should  also  receive  a  canopy!  ydd- 
par  byH-pa  to  beget,  produce,  effect,  frq., 
bu  yod'par  gyis  hig  Dzl,  get  her  a  child! 

Comp.  Cs,:  yodrpa-nyid  existence,  yod- 
min  -  nyid  non  -  existence ;  Sch, :  yod  -  fdh 
'thoroughly  clear' ;  yod-fsdd  yin  It  has  the 
semblance  of  being' (?);  yod-med  a.  being 
and  not  being,  yod-mM  go-bzldg  snan  op- 
tical illusions,  when  one  imagines  to  see 
what  is  not  existing,  or  the  reverse,  b.  in 
W.  yod  is  also  used  merely  to  give  force  to 
med,  as  *yod  med*  there  is  not  at  all . . . 
D(^g^  yon  1.  gift,  offering,  of  free  will,  to 
priests  and  mendicant  friars,  frq.,  zds- 
yon  a  gift  consisting  in  food,  yon  JyUl-ba 
to  bestow  a  gift,  to  bring  an  oflFering;  ydn- 
du  JM'ba  to  present  as  a  gift;  fee,  sTndn- 
yon  physician's  fee  Cs, ;  yon  shd-ba  to  bless 
the  gift  received,  to  return  a  blessing  for 
It.  —  2.  =  yon'^tan. 


516 


^  3&^<3r  ydn-tan 

Coitip.  yan-mcSd  1 .  =  ydn-bdag  Glr.  2. 
for  ydn-bdag  dan  m^d-pias  Mil.  dispenser 
(of  gifts)  and  priest.  —  yon  -  bdag  vulgo 
and  in  more  recent  literature  for  the  sbyin- 
bgag  of  earlier  writings,  dispenser  of  gifts, 
entertainer ,  host ,  in  point  of  fact  identic 
with  house-owner^  citizen,  farmer,  and  also 
at  the  present  time  used  in  that  sense  with- 
out any  religious  bearing ;  it  is  also  the  title 
generally  used  by  mendicant  friars  in  their 
addresses,  something  like  'your  honour'.  — 
ydn-ynas  the  receiver  of  a  gift  Cs. 
Bjk'^(3r  y^-^^  yir  C^PP-  ^^  skyon)  l.good 

>  /  <  quality,  excellence,  vahiable  proper- 
ties, e.g.  the  medicinal  virtues  of  plants; 
also  acquirements,  accomplishments,  attain- 
ments, ydn-tan  sldb-pa  to  learn  something 
useful  Pth,  and  vulgo;  ^dt  bm  ydn-tan  yin 
DzL  for  that  you  are  indebted  to  the  boy, 
this  is  the  boy's  merit;  property,  quality,  in 
gen.,  e.g.  the  different  tastes  and  effects  of 
medicines  Med.;  also  mystic  or  fantastic 
properties  Glr,  —  bdag  blus  kyan  ydn-tan 
med  Glr,y  even  if  one  would  ransom  me, 
it  would  be  to  no  purpose,  not  worth  while; 
Jtod^-^ai)  y6n{'tan)  v.  ^ddd-pa;  pan-yon 
V.  ^nr-pa,  —  2.  num.:  3. 
y^<3rCr  y&n-po  v.  yd^ba. 

ajq-^  Qn-  yob,  ^ob,  stirrup  Cs.;  yob-gdn  in- 
step of  the  foot  Cs.;  yob^lddgs 
Hhe  iron  of  the  stirrup'  Cs,;  yob-chi  =  yob 
Cs,;  yob-fdg  stirrup-leather  6s., yob-mtil  the 
footing,  yobAiin  {Sch,  yob-Un)  the  hoop  of 
the  stirrup. 
W^C]'  ydb-pa  v.  yydb-pa, 

OSj^rn*  y^wi-pa  Cs,  vb.,  adj.  sbst.,  tO  swing, 
totter,  tremble,  to  l>e  unsteady ;  swing- 
ing etc,  the  swinging  ete.;  yom^,  adj.,  yom- 
yom  Pth,^  ydm-me-ba  Mil.  id. 
5j?;'2f  y<^-po  l.  dull,  heavy,  blunt  Cs.;  Tar.: 
y&r-yoT'ba;  but  the  expressions 
fom-y&r  shaking,  tottering,  trembling,  like 
an  old  man  jJftZ.,  and  mig'y&i*  mirage,  seem 
to  indicate  that  the  proper  signification  is 
trembling.  —  2.  oblique,  slanting,  C. 
3qai-9f    iS^o\'^'  y^l-go,  ydl-ma  earthen- 
' '  -ware,  crockery  Schr.^  Ck., 


^ 


dkai^ydl  china-ware,  porcelain,  frq.;  yel-gdr 

cup,  bowl,  Sch, 

Qijarn'  y^W«  I-  sbst.  curtain,  ydl^as  Jbr^- 

ba  Glr.  to  stretch  a  curtain  over; 
ydlrba  fen-pa  Glr.  to  draw  a  curtain;  yoi- 
ba  y  tod-pa  to  close  the  curtain  (of  a  door), 
ydl'ba  Jbyid-pa  to  open  it  Cs. ;  dar-ydl  silk- 
curtain,  ras-ydl  calico-curtain ;  sgo-ydl  cur- 
tain before  a  door.  —  U.  vb.  1.  to  be  past, 
nyi-ma-pyed  yol  mid-day  is  past,  it  is  after- 
noon (about  2o'cL)  Wdk.  (v.  nyin-idg); 
srod  yol  son  the  evening-twilight  is  gone, 
it  is  complete  night  (about  1 1  o'cl.)  C;  nyi- 
ma  ydUla  Had  day  is  almost  over,  evening 
is  drawing  on,  Dzl.  9^1^  6;  dus-las  ydl-ba 
to  be  past,  both  impers.,  it  is  past,  it  is  over, 
and  pers.,  he  is  past  his  prime,  old,  decrepit 
Dzl.\  rlun  dan  iar  dus-las  miydUbas  wind 
and  rain  setting  in  and  ceasing  at  the  pro- 
per time  Dzl, —  2.  also  yydl-ba  G,  dbydl-ha^ 
Jyydlrha  to  evade,  shun,  to  go  not  to  a  place, 
mig  ydl'ba  to  look  away;  ^le-yol  lUm-fO 
yin^  he  is  very  shy  of  work,  averse  to  la- 
bour C. 

^^  yo9, 1 .  slightly  roasted  com,  mostly  barley 
or  wheat,  which  on  account  of  its  trans- 
portability is  generally  taken  by  travellers 
along  with  them,  as  their  fare  on  the  road; 
fresh  prepared  it  is  much  relished  by  the 
people;  Jbrds-yos  rice,  thus  prepared  S.g. 
—  2.  hare,  but  only  as  an  MtroApmjicalterm. 
yds-lo  the  hare.year.^^?*^'^'^*^'^'^^-  ^^^i^ 
mjm  yy^y  ^'nC.  the  yal^»  Bos  grunniens 

'  '  (reckoned  by  the  Hindu  among  the 
antilopes),  fem.  v.  Jyri-mo^  po-yydg  male 
yak;  pa-yydg  uncastrated  yak-bull;  yy^' 
ru  horn  of  a  yak,  also  n.  of  a  plant,  Morina 
Z/d.;  yyag-rog-iol-iin  a  very  long-haired, 
shaggy  yak  Sch. 
zm^  ryan  l.  Ssk.  i^,  synon.  dpal,  happi- 

'  ness,  blessing,  prosperity,  yyan  Ugs 
blessing  comes  (from),  grows  (out  of),  nif. 
Mil.;  hor  it  departs,  it  is  gone;  yyan'-skydb, 
yyan-^giigsSchl.  263,  *yan-Kug^  W.  a  calling 
forth  of  blessing,  sacrifices  and  oliier  cere- 
monies performed,  in  order  to  secure  happi- 
ness and  prosjferity.  —  yyan-skdr  propitiOBS 
stars  or  aspects;  the  lunar  mansions  no.  @ 


/ 


^piC''^'  yyan-U 


^ 


617 


^^^  Yyds-pa 


^C'^- 


to^  V.  rgyu-zkdr,  — yyan-Uug  beggar's 
bag  of  the  Lamas. — yyan-ban  happy,  blessed, 
prosperous,  )'yah'7nid  the  contrary.  —  yyan- 
yig  a  written  benediction  Glr,  —  yyan-Uid 
a  deity  of  the  Shamans,  dispensing  happi- 
ness Sch,  —  2.  gulf,  abyss,  gen.  yydn-sa  also 
yi^an-yzdn;  ji-izam  mfo  bHn  yydn-sa  'Se  so 
high  as  you  stand,  so  deep  is  the  gulf;  his 
yydn-du  ytdn-ba  to  plunge,  to  precipitate 
one's  self  2>2Z.;  yydn-du  or  yydn-la'ltun-ba 
to  fall  downZfe?.;  mcdn-ba  to  leap  Glr.; 
ndn-^on-gi  yydn-la  JHor  PtL  he  totters  on 
the  brink  of  the  abyss  of  hell;  yydn-sa-las 
^dzin-pa  to  snatch  from  the  abyss,  to  save 
Thgy,'^  brag-yyan-yzdrTocVy^TtQiY^cei  Mng, 

mwC'^'  yy^^'t^  Sch.:  ^the  precious  stone 

'       ^    chas'. 

yyan-fsi  MIL  nt.,  C,  a  bowl  or  cup 
of  clay  or  wood, 
mu[^-piZTO;|-  yyan-lugs  C.  also  yan-lus,  = 

'  '      yzdn-gos  skin  of  an  animal, 

used  for  clothing;  Mil,  also  fig.:  bzdd-pai 
yyan-hUgs  gyon  he  wrapped  himself  in  the 
mantle  of  patience;  yyan-yzi  Lex,  ^^ff^^ 
skin  of  an  antilope,  the  customary  couch 
of  the  members  of  religious  orders;  also  skin, 
couch,  covering,  in  general  Pth. 
m}x^zy  yydn-fa  Lexx,  w.  e.  Sch, :  a  cuta- 

'  l  neous  eruption,  akin  to  the  itch, 
which  is  said  to  invade  any  part  of  the  body, 
and  to  be  combined  with  a  copious  dis- 
charge of  matter;  hereditary,  and  not  con- 
tagious. ^'^^•^  •^^<l-^  ''^e^^cJ^-T-r-^;- 

^T^^  yy^^-f  yy^^^'i  yydb-^no  v.  yah  etc. 

TOJSr  yy^'^  Sch, :  'the  following  a  good  or 
'  bad  exan;ip1e,  with  the  respective 

consequences  (?)'. 

mMvf^  yydrn^a  Sch,:  'a  certain  stone'; 
^        *yamr^dn'  W,  a  slab  of  slate,  roof- 
slate,  for  yyaspdn. 

mjjQ^  yya  1.  rust,  incorr.  verdigris;  Icags- 
'  gyd  id. ;  Idags gya  cogs  Lt  iron  rusts; 
*ya  Amw,  or  )un^  or  ym*  W,  id. ;  ^ya  ddd- 
^«*  W.  to  scrape  the  rust  o£F  (from  metals), 
to  clean,  polish;  yya-ddg-pa  freed  from  rust, 
clear,  polished,  e.g.  a  mirror;  yyd-pa  rusty 
ScL;  fig.  for  infection,  contamination  MU.; 


yya  JtHil-ba  to  be  moaldy  Sch,  or  more 
corr.  to  get  rusty,  to  get  covered  with  foul 
extraneous  matter;  Ib^-la  yya-^drUl  byed  Lt, 
the  tongue  gets  furred.  ■—  2.  also  yyd-ma^ 
vulgo  *yd'mdn*y  slate.  Slab  Of  slate;  yya- 
8pdn  i.id.  2.  Cs.  also  oil  of  vitriol,  sulphuric- 
acid  (?)  3.  in  C.  verdigris;  yya-tig  i.  a  line 
drawn  with  a  slate-  or  lead-pencil.  2.  slate- 
pencil,  lead-pencil^  also  yya-smyug.  3.  bolt, 
bar,  yya  rgdb-pa  to  bolt,  to  bar,  yya  pyi- 
ba  to  unbolt,  to  unbar;  yyd-hir^yya;  ^Jtzin- 
ya*  C,  pin.  —  4.  v.  yyd-ba, 
OTUQ-fhw  yyd-kyi'ma  Lt  n.  of  a  plant, 

'        ^        in  LA.  a  small  high-alpine  Saus- 
surea. 
zmiq'n-  yyd-ba  l.  to  shrink,  to  start  up,  in 

'  consequence  of  a  sudden  irritation, 

tickling  etc.,  to  shudder,  d£j/z-/^a-6a  id.  MZ.; 
W. :  *ya  b&g-be*  to  cause  to  shrink  or  start, 
to  tickle,  Cs.  also:  yyd-ba  io  feel  a  horror. 
—  2.  to  itch,  dei  his  yyd-bas  Dzl,  because 
he  felt  an  itching. 
crpjaWf  yy<^'y^C.  *yd-ya*yes\  in  speaking 

'  to  inferiors. 

cnCWQ'S'  yyd'li  maple  Sik,\  the  dried  leaves 

'  of  it  are  said  to  be  boiled  by  the 

poor  instead  of  tea. 

^^'^^'  yar-ddm  Lex.,  oath(?)  Sch, 

qruj^w  yydr-ba  to  borrow,  to  lend;  to  hire; 
'  with  reference  to   money,  only 

provinc.  (LA.,  Ts.);  po-bran-nas  mdr-7ne 
yydr-te  Glr,  having  borrowed  a  lamp  in  the 
csisile]  ynas-fsdn  yydr-ba  Tar,,  C,  ^ddnsa 
ydr-ce*  W,  with  la,  to  ask  for  reception, 
night-quarters;  Udh-pa  yydr-mMan  lessee, 
tenant,  lodger;  yyar  byed-pa  =yydr-baSch.; 
^pan-ydr  do-de*  W,  to  succour  a  person  by 
an  advance  of  money;  pa-yydr  step-father, 
ma-yydr  step-mother,  6i^-/^dr  adopted  child; 
yydr-po  credit  for  what  has  been  lent,  ad- 
vanced; ^ydr-po  tdn-be*  W.  to  lend,  a  thing, 
Schr,  to  let,  lodgings. 

zwjxrJfsr  yyctr-fsus  food,  nourishment,  vict- 
im   ^    ualsScA.  ^,?_ 
rwM^q-  yyds-pa  right,  yydsyona  the  right 
'              hand,  yyds-na  on  the  right  (hand), 
yydS'Su  to  the  right,  yyds-^naa  from  the  right; 


cIvL 


mig-yyds  the  right  eye,  lag-yyds  the  right 
hand^  rkan-yyds  the  right  foot;  yyas-nos^ 
'Pydffs,  "Mgs  the  right  (hand)  side:  /ya«- 
72^dw  right  and  left;  yyaS'/ydn-la  Ud-ba  to 
look  all  round ;  yyas-ru  1 .  the  right  wing. 
2.  p.n.,  district  in  Ts.\  *Y0-ru  tsdn-pd* n. 
of  the  principal  river  in  Tibet  v.  ,  Udn-po. 

^Ps'j    Sg  /y*>  dftyilynx  (6s.  erron.  ermine). 

rrp^/^^yq- /'y^KO-p^  to  be  hindered  6^.; 

'       '^  Lex,',  yyh'-masyyigS'paf 

jw^-  /yw  turkois,  mrfMn-/ywthefront-turkois 

•^  in  the  head-dress  of  females;  prd-yyu 
little  turkois-stones;  yyuiirq.  for  turkois- 
blue ;  *yU'ddn*  W,  the  ribbon  on  which  the 
turkois-stones  of  the  head-dress  are  fastened ; 
yyu-mfsd  a  blue-glittering  lake,  po.  J\Jil.\ 
*yU'iun-men'tog*  forget-me-not  Sp  ;  y^yu- 
rdl  a  mane  of  turkois-colour  Gb\  —  yyu- 
ran  for  yyun-drun  Glr, 
rmicrrq-  rV^-f^^  incorr.  spelling  for  rfiirttgr- 

cnWC'^C:-  Yi^n-druh,  ^rf^BTW  (also  fza- 
•^  4  r^ah),  the  cross  cramponee  4*,  the 
principal  symbol  of  the  Bonpos,  but  also 
much  in  favour  in  Buddhist  mysticism  and 
popular  superstition;  yyun-drun-pa  =  bdn^ 
po'  yyun-drun  dg&n-pa  the  Buddhist  mo- 
nastery Lama  Yurru  in  Ladak,  v.  Cun- 
ningham. 

^jC^C'CJ'  yyiih-ba  tame,  opp.  to  rgod. 

snyjQ-^  ry^n-mo  {Lex,  f^fiireT,  a  libidi- 
1^  nous  woman),  Cb.  :  'a  woman  having 

always  the  menses'. 

^W^  yyu7*  1.  sleep  Sch.  —  2.  y.yyul-lia, 

mCWX'fl'  yyur-ba  Lex,^  C,  also  *y6r-ha*  tO 
'^  droop,  to  hang  or  sink  down,  of  fad- 
ing flowers  etc. ;  yyur  zd-ba  Lex.  w.e. ;  Sch. : 
what  has  become  ripe  and  eatable. 
jwMoj-  ry"^ ScAn:  army;  6s. :  battle;  neither 
•^  of  the  two  meanings  appears  to  be 
quite  exact  (cf.  dmag);  prob.  both  yyul  and 
yytd  -  nd  denote  an  army  facing  the  enemy 
and  ready  for  battle;  yyuUlas  rgydl-ba  and 
pdm-^pa  to  conquer  and  to  be  conquered 


¥^^ 


rym 


yyul-du  or  yytd-nor  hugs-pa  to  go  to  battle 
Do,;  yytd  ^dm-pa  to  prepare  for  battle  Lex,; 
dug  Inaiyyul-no  zlog-pa  to  repulse  the  war- 
like host  of  the  five  poisons  Mil, 
mMQJfq-  ^TTOsJoragcTr  ryul-Ka,  yytd- Jag 
F^    I    >    Ro       ^1  thrashing-floor;  both 
these  words  appear  to  be  not  everywhere 
current,  but  pro  vine,  cf.  Ko-yyu;  yyul-ka 
ycdg-pa  Sch.,  *yur)he''pa*  C.  to  thrash. 
mJ^Q'n' yy^J^'ba,    less  frq.  y^ti-ba,  pi 
(/)yew8,  to  move  a  thing  soWy  to 
and  fro,  e.g.  an  infant  on  one's  arms,  to  lull 
it  to  sleep  Thgy.;  esp.  with  reference  to  the 
water:  cus  yyens-te  moved  by  the  waves  to 
and  fro  Dzl. ;  fig.  to  run  to  and  fro,  like  a 
hunted  hare  Ma.;  to  stream  into,  to  overflow, 
yut^/cdmssu  a  country,  to  inundate  it,  of 
floods,  hostile  armies  etc  Ma. ;  to  rummage, 
turn  over,  dp^-ivmrns  books  Mil  —  2.  to  turn 
off  the  attention,  to  disturb  the  mind,  rgydl^o 
spyan  yyem-pa  dan  Glr,  the  king  looking 
away,  directing  his  attention  to  something 
else ;  serm  bdud-kyis  yyens  Mil.  the  soul  is 
disturbed  by  the  devil;  &8  Jtod-pa-maim 
yyhn-par  byid-pa  Thgy.  to  put  out  or  con- 
found those  that  are  seeking  religion ;  rna- 
yyehS'par  nydn  big  now  be  all  attention! 
yy^h-Jya.,  yyim-pa  sbst.,  inattention^  wander- 
ing, absence  of  mind,  yyim-su  jug-pa  Thgr. 
to  give  one's  self  to  inattention;  adj.  mdm- 
paryyens-pa  very  absent,  wandering;  imdmr 
par  mi-yyeh'ba  or  -yyins-pa  quite  attentive, " 
not  to  be  disturbed  by  anything,  inexcit- 
able,  a  character  in  which  Buddha  excels, 
and  which  every  one  of  his  followers  mast 
strive  to  attain.  —  3.  sbst.  yySns-pa  dwer- 
sion,  pleasure,  recreation,  *ydn{sypa-la  U- 
ce*,  resp.  ^fug-ydhisyia  (s)kydd'de*  W.  to 
take  a  walk,  *ydh{s)'pa  se-be*  W,  to  be 
playful,  like  children,  kittens  etc.;  jest,  joke, 
^ydn-pa  maw,  don-ddm  yin*  W,  I  am  not 
joking,  I  am  serious;  *ydn(8)'pa'-ban*  W. 
jester,  buflfoon;  yihs-Jtod-kyi  Ha-krdm  ma 
yin  Mil,y  these  are  no  falsehoods  spoken  in 
jest  —  yyins-Tnay  a  wanton  female,  prosti- 


tute Sch, 
fr<l-;  W*^  c9y^^^  ^^'}  sprdd-pa  Do.^  Pth.,     2m)<5'  Z^^*^  yyen-sbydr-ba  S.g.  to  calum- 
Jdb'pa  to  fight,  strive,  struggle,  dan  with ;        '      '   niate  ni  f. 


^^^'  yy^'pa 


^ 


srpp]^ 


519 


ryogs 


m^Sr^  n^'P^^  I^'  fiTHrR^,  being 
untrue  in  one's  dealings,  acting 
wrongfully,  which  also  my  referees  confirm- 
ed to  be  the  general  import  of  the  word ;  in 
books,  however,  it  is  usaally  joined  to  ^dod- 
fas,  or ^dod-pa-la,  adding  Ug-par^  as:  ^ddd- 
pa-la  Idff-par  yy^-pa,  or  it  stands  alone  as 
myyhn  by^drpa,  signifying  io  COmmH  adul- 
tery, femication'  Dd.  and  elsewh.;  hg-yyhn 
sbst.  — 
STp^^nTT  Yy^-^<^  (vulg.  *'er-Ka),  bell,  set  of 

'      '     bells,  or  peal  Glr, 
2Tp^^'2f  ry^-po  wise,  prudent,  circumspect, 

'  thorough-going  ScL 

mj^x^qspr  yyer-bdg  Lex.,  Sch:  a  light,  lu- 

'  '  minous  place. 

mj^:^g;j'  rv^r-ma  Med.  frq.,  Guinea  pepper. 
Capsicum  W,  "^ny^'ma^^yye^'-hiii- 
pa  medicinal  herb  S.g. 
TO^Q^-q-  ry^l-ha  l.  to  be  idle,  lazy,  slothful; 

'  idleness,  laziness;  yyel-ba-mM-par 

incessantly,  continually,  e.g.  to  pray,  to 
guard  Mil. J  S.O.  —  2.  itigs  yyiUba  resp.  to 
forget  W. 
mj^^  yyo  (rarely  yo)  craft,  cunning,  deceit, 

'       more  frq.  yyo-sgyii,  yyo-zdl;  yyd-han 
crafty,  deceitful,  yyo-med  honest,  yyo  hyidr 
pa  to  deceive. 
^jDsfo'  yy^'^  I-  vb.,  pf.  and  imp.  yyos,  1. 

'  to  move,  to  cause  to  change  place; 

to  be  moved,  agitated,  shaken,  ynam  sayyds- 
so  heaven  and  earth  were  shaken  DzL;  des 
ni  sa  Jti  yyo^bar  \gyur  thereby  the  earth 
may  be  shaken  Do.;  to  bend,  incline,  tilt,  e.g. 
a  vessel;  ^zug-po  yos  ton*  W.  make  a  bow! 
sku  yyds-par  ^gyiir-to  the  image  began  to 
move  Qlr.'y  sa-yyds  earthquake;  to  begin  to 
move  or  to  march  Ma.;  fugs-r)e  yUn-nas 
yyds^ai  rtags  it  is  a  sign  that  his  heart  is 
moved  by  grace  Mil.  nt. ;  dgi-bai  pydgs-la 
^duriis  bun-zad  kyan  ma  yyos  he  did  not 
allow  the  least  virtuous  impulses  to  rise  (in 
his  heart),  he  kept  down  every  sense  of 
virtue;  yyd-ba  partic  ,  continuaUy  moving, 
restless,  uneasy,  of  the  mind  Mil.,  mi-yyd- 
ba  unmoved,  immovable,  n.  of  Siva  and  of 
other  terrifying  deities  Glr.  (cf.  ^|^^  Will) 
—  2.  to  prepare,  victuals  for  the  table  yyds- 


subyedr-paid.;  yyds-Hankitchen,  bake-house, 
yyos-mUan  baker,  cook. 

II.  sbst.  moveableness,  mobility,  ydn-iin 
jryo-ba-nyid  an  easy  mobility  Wdn. 

rnO^pr  ?'y^9  (^-  y^9^  *<>9)  ^«^-  ^^^  elsewh., 
'  '  usually  occurring  in  the  more  defi- 
nite form  yydg-poj  servant,  man-servant,  yydg- 
mo  maid-servant,  female  servant,  waiting- 
maid;  when  distinguished  from  Kdl-po,  U6U 
mo  and  bran,  it  denotes  a  higher  degree, 
e.g.  yydg-Too  ynyis  two  waiting-maids  and 
besides  500  Uol-mo  maid-servants  Pth. ;  yydg- 
po  dan  ydn-yyog  dan  nyin-yyog  servant,  ser- 
vant's servant,  and  the  servant  again  of 
these  Pih. ;  mii  yyog  byid-pa  to  be  in  a  per- 
son's service,  to  obey  a  person;  dpon-yydg 
master  (mistress)  and  domestics,  master  and 
attendants,  frq.;  nad-yydg,  a  nurse,  one  that 
tends  sick  persons  Dd. ;  yyog-Jcdr  attendants, 
e.g.  yyog-Jidr  bcu-drug  attendants  and  re- 
tinue of  16  persons,  ^Kor  dan  yyog  id.  ^*-^**<^  "^  o/--^. 
mjtmrx^'^  yyog-nan-zdn  a  house-servant       ^ 

O.  — "~ 
erC^q-  ry^'P<^^  p£  a^d  imp.  yyogs,  rarely 
y<^9'P^  1  •  to  cover,  bu  gds-kyisyydg- 
pa  to  cover  a  child  with  a  garment  Z^/., 
mgd'la  rdzd-ma  yydg-pa  to  cover  one's  head 
with  a  pot  Glr.;  also:  rdzd-maimgd-la  drd- 
bas  yydg-pa  to  cover  the  opening  of  a  pot 
with  a  wire  grate  Glr.;  pyii pdgs-pa  yyogs 
the  external  cutaneouscovering  appears  (in 
the  embryo)  S.g.;  ri-mgo  /fa-bas  yyogs  the 
hill-tops  were  covered  with  snow  Jl/i/.;  to 
pour  over  or  upon,  to  cover  in  pouring,  Mrdg- 
gis  with  blood  DzL]  to  overlay,  with  gold 
DzL;  to  sprinkle  over,  besprinkle,  ^sig-pa-la 
tdg*  W.  the  wall  with  blood;  to  Strew  over, 
*lld'la  gog-tdt  W.  ashes  over  the  snow.  — 
2.  to  pour  away,  to  throw  away;  so  W.;  the 
people  in  W.  understand  the  words  DzL  ©©, 
6:  *ma  yogs-pai  IMg-ma*  the  rest  which 
has  not  been  thrown  away,  whereas  others, 
e.g.  the  people  of  Sikkim  explain  it:  the 
rest  that  has  not  been  taken  possession  or 
care  of. 

ot)(^«j-  yyogs  1.  cover,  covering,  mgo-yydgs 

'       '      Lea.  covering  for  the  head,  cap; 

also  fig.  and  po.  for  self-delusion,  self-de- 


520 


Bif^S  yyod 


cepiion  (prop.:  a  veiling  of  the  head)  Mil.; 
r  steh-yydgSyStod^dgs  upper-garment,  mantle^ 
toga,  ^^-yyogs  trowsers,  breeches  Tar, 
—  2.  cover,  envelope,  yyogs-ban  having  a 
cover. 

W^^'  yyod  C.  the  large  intestine,  colon. 

mi!jS\^  /ydw  -  dan  Ptfi ;  Cs.  =  yyd  -  tan 
'      '     '  crafty;  perh.  also  fornicator,  as 

yy&n'Tna^  ace.  to  Lex,  and  Sch, :  harlot. 

mDsMrCJ'  yy^'P^  'eft?  yyon-ma  the  left  hand, 
yy^-na  on  the  left,  to  the  left, 

yydn^u  towards  the  left,  yydn-nas  from  the 

left;  yy&n-ldgs  the  left  side  or  hand,  yyon- 

Idg-byed-pa  Pth.  left-handed,  yyon-ru  Sch. 

the  left  wing,  of  an  army. 

qpjH'zr  ^^*-p«»  pf •  yyof>^  to  wiove  about,  to 
'  swing,  brandish,  yhdg-pa  the  wings ; 

rkan-ldg  yydb-fa  to  kick,  to  strike,  with  the 

arms  and  legs. 


^BfC'  rasddn 

snBf^'Jf  yy<^^"^^  l.  sail,  yyar-ydl  id  a., 
'  yyor-hin  sail-yard  Ck,,  also  mast, 

in  a  rather  obscore  description  of  a  ship 
in  Zam.y  where  the  sail  is  called  dar^  doth. 
—  2.  wave,  biHow,  rgyd-m^Mi  Glr. 

Note.  Tibetan  writers  knowing  of  ships 
and  navigation  about  as  much  as  a  blind 
man  of  colours,  the  obscurity  of  passages 
relating  to  such  matters  may  easily  be  ac- 
counted for. 

cnSI^'q*  n^'ba  1 .  V.  yyur-ba,  —  2.  y.yydr- 
'  ba.  —  3.  V.  yar. 

^^PPT^  yyolrba  V.  ydUba. 

'  circumambulation  from  left  to  right 

(so  that  the  right  side  is  towards  the  person 
or  object  that  is  reverentially  to  be  saluted) 
Wdn.  —  2.  V.  yyo-ba. 


^ 


c^ 


X^ra  1.  the  consonant  r,  always  pronoun- 
ced with  the  tongue.  —  2.  num.  fig. :  25. 
;^  ra  stands  for:  1  rd-bay  2.  rd-ma^  3.  ra- 

mda,  4.  rd-iv, 
X^'  rwa  (cf.  ru)  1.  hom  W.  ^rd-^S*  id.  — 
^  2.  sfa'ng  e.g.  of  the  scorpion.  —  3.  Sch, : 
*the  inward  side,  the  horn-side,  of  a  bow'. 
—  rwa-dan  homed.  —  rwa-snyih  the  pith 
of  a  hom  65?.  —  rwa-myug  *the  first  germ 
of  seed  that  appears  after  sowing'  Cs, ;  rwd^ 
rtsa  'the  root  or  bottom  of  a  horn'  C«.,  rwd- 
rtse  *the  top  or  point  of  a  horn'  6«.,  rwd- 
fsaS.g.i?),   ^'.  (^ 

X^JOMT  rd-gan,  in  comp.  rag,  brass,  rd-gan- 
gyi  bum^a,  rag-bum  brass  cup,  can, 
vessel,  rag-dun  a  brass  trumpet;  ra^/skyd 
Sch,:  white-copper,  packfong,  German  silver. 

^%  ^a-s^o  hoof,  claw  C,  W, 


^V  rd-nye,  provinc.  for  zd-nye  lead. 

xrmf  rd-mnye  an  officinal  root  Med,^  Sch, : 

^  carrot 
;^^  rd-ti  Cs. :  ^a  small  weight,  a  drachm 
^  (60  grains)';  but  i^rf^  (not  to  be  found 
in  WUL)  is  prob.  the  Hindi  word  for  ^^f^|V, 
the  seed  or  grain  of  Abrus  precatorius^  as 
a  weight  about  ■=  2  grains. 
..^.q.  rd-mda  help,  assistance  (Cs.  also: 
^  companion,  assistant),  rd-mda  Jbdd- 
pa  to  cry  out  for  help  Ohr,^  rd-mdar  sbrdn- 
pa  Cs,  to  call  (upon  a  person)  for  assistance, 
ra  ^digs-pa  W,  *ram  tdg-i^  (cf.  labs  ^digs- 
pa)  to  help,  to  assist  Sch.,  ra  ^dr^n^a  id. 
Mil.  nt, ;  rd-mda-pa  helper,  assistant  Glr. ;  rd- 
mdai  dpuh-fsdg  auxiliary  forces  or  army  C$. 

^•St'  ra-sddn  Sch,  weeping  willow. 


521 


^F 


ra-sna 


^OT^  rdg-pa 


^f 


rci^'Sna  n. 


of  a  medicmal  herb  Wdn.     ^^QJ- ro^fl  freddles,  dung  of  goats. 


166,  =  iffrdn-^  fir-tree, 
x^q-  rd-ia  1.  enclosure,  fence,  wall,  frq.,  esp. 
in  TF.,  also  the  space  inclosed  by  a 
fence,  wall  etc.,  yard,  court-yard,  pen,  fold  etc. ; 
rd-ids  skdr^a  to  inclose  with  a  fence  Stg.^ 
rd'tan(?)y  ra-lddn  having  an  enclosure, 
fence,  wall  etc.  Ci. ;  mnyug-mai  rd-ba  bam- 
boo-hedge, bamboo-fence,  tsh'-mai  rd-^a 
thorn  -  hedge ,  thorn  -  fence,  Hn  -gi  rd-  ba 
wooden  fence,  fence  of  boards,  pickets  or 
rails  C;  rd-mo  id.,  ra-mo-U  a  large  pen  or 
fold  MU.  and  C;  kun-dga-rd-ba^  kun-ra^ 
V.  kun;  Krims-ra  place  of  execution;  Iddn- 
ra  garden  with  willow-trees;  nydg^ra(?) 
wall  of  stones  put  loosely  together  Ld, ;  rtd- 
ra  stable  or  pen  for  horses;  rdd^a  1 .  stone- 
wall.   2.  circle  of  dancers;  pdg-^a  v.  rags, 

—  bd-ra  cow-house,  pen  for  cows;  rfsig-ra 
Sch.:  wall  round  a  court-yard;  brtsdn-ra  v. 
brtoon;  lug-ra  sheepcot,  sheepfold;  Mn-^a 
V.  above.  —  ra^ul  the  remnants  or  traces 
of  an  old  pen.  —  2.  the  first  of  the  three 
(or  two)  months  of  a  season,  zla  ra-ba. 
x^^  rd-ma  (rarely  ra  Glr,)  goat,  she-goat, 

frq.  —  ra-kydl  bag  made  of  a  goat's 
skin.  —  ra-skyis  Tar.;  Sch.:  a  gelded  he- 
goat.  —  rd-guy  col.  ri-gu,  young  goat,  kid. 

—  ra-rgod  wild  goat,  =  ra-po-iS^  Cunnmgh. 
Ld.  p.  199.  —  ra-tug  S,g.  and  j^d-ra  he- 
goat.  —  ra-fdn  1.  a  he-goat  of  two  years 
C.  2.  a  gelded  he-goat  W.—  ra'd6(?)  thread 
made  of  goat's  hair  W.  —  ra-lpdga  goat's 
skin.  —  ra-pd  a  gelded  he-goat.  —  ra-l&g 
goats  and  sheep;  ra-ma-Uig  id.,  when  a 
particular  stress  is  laid  on  the  impropriety 
of  both  species  of  animals  being  mixed  to- 
gether; also  fig.  of  improper  intermixtures. 

—  ra4d  goat's  flesh.  —  ra^ldg  a  coat  made 
of  goat's  skins. 

^^^'  ra-mid  infallible,  certain,  sure  Sch. 

x*^^  ror^mo-i^  n.  of  a  plain  near  Lhasa 
where  the  Chinese  wife  of  Sron- 
iftans^aTTipo  ordered  a  large  Buddhist  temple 
to  be  hniltGlr.;  as  a  com  noun  v.  sub  rd-ba. 
X^^  rcMi  Sch, :  ra-ri-mMrpa  neither  high 
nor  low. 


j^'^ijj'  ra-ris  =  rds-moSy  ^dcyid  dug  ra-res 
yon  dug^  Ld.  good  fortune  and  mis- 
fortune come  by  turns. 
x^'^rd'^ro  1.  intoxication,  drunkenness.  — 
2.  intoxicated  B.  and  col;  Sch. :  rd-ro 
ddk'po  bag-rndd-pa^  v.  sub  bag  I.  rd-ro 
ynyia-pa  glan-po-^e  smyan-pa  dan  ^dra 
drunkenness  while  continued  resembles  a 
furious  elephant,  rd-ro  ysumrpa  H-^o  Ji/ra 
the  end  (of  it)  resembles  a  corpse;  ra  zi 
or  8a«5,  also  ydam  (?)  W.  the  drunken  fit 
is  over;  rd-ro-ba  B.^  C,  rd-ro^^ban)  W.  in- 
toxicated, drunk,  rd-ro-bofr  byid-paio  make 
drunk  Dzl.^  rd-rchba-las  sdns-te  having  come 
to  one's  self  again  after  a  drunken  fit,  being 
sober  again  Dzl. 

^W'QWQT^IC'  ror-Ba'^prul'Sndn  n.  of  aBud- 
^     ^     dhist  temple  erected  in  Lhasa 
by  the  Nepalese  wife  of  Sronbtsansgampo 
Glr. 

x^^  rd-si  Hind,  rope,  in  Lh.  hempen  rope, 
and  as  such  distinguished  from  fag- 
pa^  rope  made  of  goat's  hair,  which  is  the 
one  most  in  use  in  Tibet. 
;^^c-  ra-sid  (Pers.  cXx^),  receipt,  ^ra-sid 

'  fi'ked^  money-stamp. 
x"b;'  ond  ^*^'Qr  ^d-hu  and  rd^hu^la  v. 
Q,  >i>  Q,  ^      sgrorytdn. 

xrjr  rakta  Ssk.  blood,  saffron,  minium,  cin- 

^  nabar  MU. 
Xf^  rag  1.  sbst.  v.  ra-gdn.  —  2.  adj.  (^Ssk: 

'  adhina)  subject,  subservient,  depen- 
dent, rag  Ids-pa  or  lus-pa  B.,  C,  W.^  ^rag- 
Idom-pa*  W.^  with  Za,  to  depend  on,  de  Kydd- 
kyi  nm-pa-la  rag-lus  that  depends  on  your 
strength  Mil;  dbugs  rhiib-pa  sems-la  rag- 
Ids -pa  yin  breathing  depends  on  the  soul 
Stg.\  Js6-ba  yidn^la  rag-lds-Hh  as  they 
depend  on  othersfortheir lives  Tar.;Bhar.22 
Kkfod  rgy  air  arid  byedrla  rag-go  Schf.:  'regno 
operam  nava  P  —  3.  W.  for  reg^  grags^  dregs, 
sbragy  v.  rag-pa]  rag-tan  W.  for  drigs-por- 
ban  proud,  haughty;  ior  grdgs-ban  famous; 
glorious,  splendid;  angry  (?). 
xnvsr  ^(V'P^  1-  ^^'  ^-  forrdg-pa  to  toucli, 

'       feel,  and  in  a  more  generaUzed  sense 

33* 


522 


^OT^'  rdg-ma 


^'  ran 


=  ^fsdr-ba  to  perceive,  to  scent,  taste,  hear, 
see,  e.g.  ^ddn-Tno  rag*  I  feel  cold,  ^ddn-mo 
rag-gct^  do  you  feel  cold?  (but  ^ddn-mo 
dv^  it  is  cold);  *g6-la  zug  rag*  (C,  *rig*) 
my  head  aches;  ^tdg-ri  ra^  I  feel  hungry, 
^tdg-ri  rdg-ga*  are  you  hungry?  *naimin 
hdd'da  rag*  I  hear  my  name  called;  *go 
Had' da  rag*  I  perceive  the  door  sticks; 
•'i  lun-po  Kyir-ra  ra^  I  see,  the  wind  will 
carry  that  away;  *go]^i'te  mi  ra^  the  door 
seems  to  be  locked.  —  2.  adj.  dark-russet, 
brownish,  of  rocks,  horses  W. 
^CTTSI*  ^^S'-w^  1.  W.  adj.  to  the  gerund  Vojf- 
'  fe*  (sbrdg'Ste) :  *be-rdg  yttnidn*  (lit. 
ydan)  *rdg't^  a  fillet  together  with  a  strip 
set  with  turkoises.  —  2.  prop.  n.  of  a  village 
Mil 

^Pr^  rdg-tse  stono  in  fruits  W. 

xn\'^  i^dg-ha  a  bead  of  a  rosary,  ace.  to 
'    '   Uk.  from  1(?T^  Elaeocarpus  Jani- 
trus,  the  berries  of  which  are  used  for  such 
beads. 

^^3*  rag-U  n.  of  a  country. 

xm^  ^^^  1*  dam,  mole,  dike,  embankment, 

'       also  cu-rdgs^  <hi-l6n  —  2.  any  con- 
struction of  a  similar  shape :  pdg-rags  (also 
pdg-ra)  intrenchment,  breast-work;  pulnrags 
stack,  rick;  Mn-rdgs  stack  of  wood. 
TOi^q*  rdgs-pa  coarse,  thick,  gross,  lus-kyi 

'  mdm-pa pra-rdgs-mams  Wdn,  the 

more  delicate  and  the  coarser  component 
parts  of  the  body;  rags-pai  dbdn-du  byds-na 
Wdn.^  reckoning  one  with  another,  on  an 
average;  rough,  as  in:  rdgs-rtsis-su  by  a 
rough  estimate  Tar.;  rdgs-pai  mi^rtdg^a 
dan  prd'bai  mi-rtdg-pa  the  perishableness 
of  the  whole  mass  and  of  the  single  parts 
Thgy, ;  ydn-lag  rdgs-pa  prob. :  strong,  firm 
limbs  Pth.;  of  Buddhas  is  said  that  they 
appear  rdgs-pai  fsul-gyis  i.e.  bodily,  or  sub- 
stantially; rags-ris  byed-pa  Sch.:  to  work, 
mould,  form,  sketch  etc.  roughly. 
;^-  ran  1.  seK  J5.  and  col.  (nyid^  with  few 
exceptions,  is,  in  W.  at  least,  collo- 
quially not  in  use)  na-rdn  hfodr-rdn  I  myself, 
thou  thyself  etc.,  in  col.  language  also  =  I, 


thou  etc. ;  sometimes  the  person  is  only  m- 
dicated  by  the  context,  the  pronoun  I  etc 
being  omitted;  ran-hag^  rdn-mams  plor.; 
rdn-gi  my,  thy  etc. ;  ^n-ma  de  rdh-gi  Im- 
la  cdgs-^as  this  wife  fond  of  herself,  in  lo?e 
with  herself  DzL  (yet  cf.  de^dny  below); 
(fes  rdh-gi  ma  yin-par  rig-nas  he  perceiving 
that  it  was  his  own  mother  Pth.;  rdn-k 
rdh-gis  dcra  bbddrde  shaving  one's  own  head 
DzL\  also  in  a  gen.  sense:  rdh-bas  ndthpa 
an  inferior  person  than  one's  self  Thgy.j  in 
like  manner:  rdn-las  ^-ba  Thgr,\  rcmAa 
bu  m^drfia  if  a  man  has  no  son  of  his  own 
Mil, ;  rdn-gi  srun-ba  to  keep,  to  guard  one's 
own  property  Thgy,;  *ranmi'Jt6drfehjm 
fidh'-Tna*  C.  all  the  disagreeable  things  that 
fall  to  one's  lot;  in  compounds:  rah-sem 
one's  own  soul  (opp.  to  yhinrdus)  MH;  v. 
also  Jtr^-ba  extr. ;  ran-rig  rah-ysal  rahMt 
/sum  self-created  knowledge,  clearness,  and 
happiness  (the  three  fruits  of  the  spirit) 
MU.\  ranrsrog  rdn-gis  ybod  you  will  take 
your  own  life  Glr.  —  2.  spontaneously,  of 
one's  own  accord,  zal-zds  ran-^dn-no  DzL] 
rdn-byon-pa^  rdn-byun-ba  originated  of  it- 
self, V.  below;  ran  ^grdJrha  1.  to  get  loose, 
come  loose  of  itsel£  2.  to  become  dear  or 
intelligible  spontaneously,  by  intuition.  3.  to 
save  one's  self;  rdn-mr-ba  =  rdh-^grolrbal, 

—  3.  just,  exactly,  precisely,  the  very,  de  ran 
the  very  same;  de  ran  yin  so  it  is!  exactly 
so!  just  so!  *dhd-ta  rah*  C,  *dd-bi  rak 
ddg-sa  rah*  W.  just-now,  *dir-rin  raw  just 
to-day  W.;  already,  md-mo  rah  ahready 
early  in  the  morning  MU, ;  barely,  mitf^lj 
the  mere,  the  very,  ha  dan  prddr-pa  rdh-gii 
by  the  mere  meeting  with  me  Mil,;  mirak 
a  person  travelling  all  alone,  i.e.  without 
baggage,  horse  or  companion  Kun. ;  mtHrak 
V.  mo,  —  really.  Indeed,  actually,  trufy  (the 
verb  being  repeated):  mi-la-rds-pa  dey^ 
rah  yin  -  namf  art  thou  really  that  same 
Milaraspa?  *yon  rahyoh-gyuyin*  C.  he  will 
truly  or  certainly  come;  even,  sddh-po  ran 
byas  now  they  even  hated  him  MiL 

Comp.  rahskcU  a  person^s  own  share. 

—  rah  8kyu(?)  fub-pa  Sch.:  to  act  after 
one's  own  mind.  —  rah-skyur  vinegar  Ci.(?) 


523 


^*  rah 


^'^  rdh-ba 


—  rah'Ua  Sch,  ==»  rdh-buf  —  rah-k 
rah-Kiil  territory,  district  C,  (?)  —  rah-Jids 
one's  own  worth,  affairs,  necessities  Sch.  — 
rah-grub  not  made  or  produced  by  men, 
seK-produced.  —  rdn-dga-ba  free,  indepen- 
dent, rdh'dffa-pa  an  unmarried  man  Sch.  — 
ran-rgydl  1 .  Stg, :  =  rah-sahs-rgyds,  2.  rah- 
rgydUgyiB  ^qrd-ba  Sch, :  to  live  after  one's 
own  option  or  pleasure  (?)  —  rah-rgyu  Sch.: 
*die  eigene  Ursache,  Selbstfolge'  (?!) — rah- 
hd  one's  own  nature,  hes-pa  to  know  MU,  — 
ran-^yid  himself,  herself  etc.,  one's  self  ilftZ., 
rah-nyid  ^il-ba  to  deliver  one's  self  Thgy.^ 
bdud  rah-nyid  the  devil  himself  in  his  own 
person  Tar.  —  rah- Jag  mill,  water-mill.  — 
rah-mfdh  pride,  self-complacency,  self-suffi- 
ciency Mil.^  Glr.  —  rah-ddn  one's  own 
affairs,  one's  own  profit,  rah-ddn  byM-pa  to 
look  to  one's  own  advantage  Do.y  rah-^ddd 
selfishness,  v.  rah-rtsis.  —  rah-sndh  v.  sub 
sndh^a ;  Sch.  also :  self-bom.  —  rah-po  Cs. 
=  p(hrah  an  unmarried  man.  —  rah-bdbs 
V.  bobs.  —  rdh-bu  1 .  Cs.  single,  alone,  rdh- 
bur  adv.  singly,  alone,  without  a  consort. 
2.  Cs.:  a  single  life  (?).  3.  Schr.:  one's  own 
child.  — r  rah'by&h,  rah-by&n  self-bom,  hav- 
ing originated  of  itself,  =  rah -grub  frq. 
rah'dbah  independence,  liberty,  rah-dbdh 
fdb-pa  to  become  free  Glr.\  ptds-la  rah- 
dbah-mSd  they  are  not  master  of  the  place 
i.e.  they  are  not  free  to  choose  the  place 
Thgy.j  in  the  same  sense,  gar  skye  rah-dbah- 
med  Mil. ;  *rah-wdh  ^ug-pa*  to  set  free  C. ; 
rah'dbdh'dan  free  W.  —  rah'J>ar  Cs. :  *mu8- 
kef,  in  W.  it  is  only  used  for  pistol;  *rah' 
bar  dug-rdg*  W.  a  revolver.  —  rdh-7no  Cs. 
«=77M>-raw  an  xmmarried  woman.  —  rah-rtsis 
the  opinion  which  one  has  of  one's  self,  rah- 
rtsis  dan  rah-^ddd  ma  le  Ug  think  little  of 
your  own  self!  Mil.  —  rah-bzin,  ^^nn^, 
natural  disposition,  state  or  constitution,  na- 
ture, temper,  rah-biin-las  yidn-du  ^gyiir-ba 
to  change  one's  natural  constitution  Wdh , 
o^oi  di-ltar  c^-bai  rah-bzin-gyis  as  a  natural 
consequence  of  so  heavy  a  snow-fall  Mil. ; 
rah'bUn-yyis  of  itself,  by  itself,  from  its  very 
nature,  naturally,  spontaneously  Dzl..,  in  col. 
language,  rah-biin-nas  id,,  also  for  self  in 


the  sense:  I,  he  etc.  without  the  aid  and 
independently  of  others ;  jyyuh-ha  Ihai  rah- 
b?iin-ban-gyi  his  ^di  this  body  participating 
of  the  nature  of  the  five  elements  Wdh.; 
drah-poi  rah-bhin-dafi-gyi  pyir  for  rah-bzin- 
ban  yin-pai  pyir  Sbh.  —  *rah'bin  )^'pa* 
C.  needless  words,  where  it  is  a  matter  of 
course;  also:  talk  without  any  serious  in- 
tent; *de  da  rah-hin-la  z4r-he  iig  yod?  W. 
that  is  nothing  but  talk.  —  rah-bzd.  1.  Lex. : 
the  right,  proper  form  (of  a  word)?  2.  self- 
determination,  opp.  to  a  punctilious  adher- 
ing to  tradition  Mil.  —  rah-rah  each... 
himself,  each  . . .  his,  her,  its  etc.  (not  reci- 
procally, as  Sch.  has  it),  rah-rdh-gi  Krii 
^dg-ta  sbas  he  buried  each  (idol)  under  its 
own  seat  Glr.^  rah-rdh-gi  leur  ysal  each 
(subject)  will  be  explained  in  its  own  chap- 
ter L^.  —  ran-rah'lao  each  (final  consonant) 
has  itself  (joined),  i.e.  is  doubled  Gram.  — 
rah-r^  1.  =  rah-rdh:  rah-r4i  sna-fdg  rah- 
rh  zuh  each  may  lead  himself,  may  be  his 
own  guide.  2.  we,  rah-r&i  sgo  druh-na  at 
our  own  door  Mil.^  rah-ri-maTm  we  (the 
Lamas,  opp.  to  the  laymen)  Mil.  3.  polite 
way  of  addressing,  for  our  you  or  the  Ger- 
man *Sie'  Thgr.f  —  rah-hugs-la  of  itself, 
spontaneously  W.  —  rdh-sa,  rdh-so  one's 
own  place,  rdh-sa^dzin-pa  to  maintain  one's 
place,  one's  station  Mil.,  prob.  like  rdh-mgo 
J^6n-pa\  rdh-sar^  rdh-sor  1.  bidg-pa  to  put 
(a  thing)  in  its  place,  fig.  for:  to  leave  un- 
decided, to  let  the  matter  alone,  ni  f.  MU. 
2.  of  itself,  e.g.  rdh-sor  hi  (a  storm)  abates 
of  itself.  — rah-sahs-rgyas  Pratyekabuddha, 
i.e.  a  Buddha  who  has  obtained  his  Bud- 
dhaship  alone  by  his  own  exercises  of  pen- 
ance, but  who  does  not  promote  the  welfare 
of  other  beings. 

^C^'^l'^'  raw-^a-JaCs.  coarseness,  meanness. 

xr«q»  rdh-bay  pf.  rahs^  to  rejoice,  sems  mi- 
rdhs-^ar  discontented,  yid-rdh-ba  or 
yi^dh-ba  lA.^  frq.;  *dM-la  ga-rdh-dhdg-te* 
highly  pleased  vrith  it  C. ;  yid  ma  rdhs-Hh 
mi  mgu-bargyicr-teheingyery  much  dissatis- 
fied Sfg.;  ma-rdh-biin-du  unwillingly,  re- 
luctantly. 


\ 


•y/.. 


» 


^'2!fc'^  raw-ron-^a» 

;^'5;[^*M»  ran-ran-^a»  C«.  rough ,  craggy, 

^    uneven. 
xrj^tv  i^om^-^a  1.  V.  ran-6a.  —  2.  n^w- 

raw-|>ar  for  fo-rdns-ki/t  dus-su 
early  in  the  morning  Tar.  Ill,  17.  —  3.  in 
W.  for  r^-pa. 

^C^'CJ'  rdns-^oSch.  rough,  rude,  unpolished. 
^^'^  rdd-pa  W,  for  bgrddrfa, 
^**v^*  rad-rdd  v.  rddrpo. 
^S^^  rdn-^  (JPers.  t Jo,,  »Ju,)  a  plane  I/d. 

j^^jPT  rdn-pa  1.  vb.  and  adj.  to  keep,  or 
^  keeping,  the  proper  mean,  to  be  pro- 
portionate, just  right,  ad  v.  rdn-par  moderately, 
rdn-par  sro  warm  yourself  moderately  (tol- 
erably) Lty  zaS'Udd  rdn-for  zd-ba  to  eat 
moderately  S.g.;  ^di-tsam  ni  rdn-^no  this  is 
about  the  proper  measure  DzL;  with  the 
root  of  the  vb.:  hin  rnd-ranr^nas  as  it  was 
(the  proper)  time  for  harvest  Dzl.y  ^o-ran 
it  is  time  to  go  JPth,,  H  ma  rdn-par  U-ba 
to  die  an  untimely  death;  bdg^mar  ytan-- 
rdn^a  dan  when  it  was  time  to  giv^  her 
in  marriage  Dd.;  not  so  often  with  a  sbst.: 
rtsds-ma  rdn-tsa-na  when  harvest-time  had 
come  Mil.  —  2.  rfsa  rdn-pa  C.  shave-grass, 
Equisetum  arvense.  —  3.  col.  for  Jlr^-pa 
to  lead  (water) ;  for  bran^a  v.  tags. 
j^q-  rah  I.  superior,  excellent;  the  eldest,  of 
three  sons,  opp.  to  brin-po  and  fa-^n, 
frq.;  gan^zdg  dban-po-rdb-mama  very  able 
or  clever  persons  (opp.  to  jmn-po  or  fa- 
ma  having  moderate  or  very  little  capacity) 
ilfiZ.,  Thgr.^  inst.  of  which  rab  Jbnn  ysiwm 
is  often  used  Thgy.;  fSbs-na  rab  if  rightly 
understood,  that  will  be  the  best  Thgr.^  frq. 
for:  so  it  is  right,  that  will  do;  much,  plenti- 
ful, rab'skrdi  ^dg-nas  also  with  a  full  head 
of  hair  (you  may  be  a  holy  man)  MU.;  rdb- 
tu  adv.  very,  with  adjectives  and  verbs,  rdb- 
til  sdoms  lock  (the  door)  well  DzL;  rdb-tu 
Kr6i"par  gyiir-te  Tar.;  it  occurs  also  in  the 
following  phrases:  rdb-tu  ^byin-pa  to  re- 
ceive or  admit  into  a  religious  order,  rdb- 
tu  Jbyun-ba  to  enter  into  a  religious  com- 
munity, to  take  orders,  sUb-dpon  ik>8^Jbam' 


^q^  Tabs 

las  being  with,  or  being  ordained  by  the 
teacher  Chosbangs;  rgydlrpoi  rig94a»  (to 
take  orders)  as  a  descendant  of  the  royal 
family,  of  the  caste  of  noblemen  Tar.;  rdh- 
(tu)  byiUh^-ba)  he  that  has  taken  orders,  a 
novice,  or  in  gen.:  a  clerical  person;  rci6- 
by&n  is  also  the  name  of  the  first  year  of 
the  cycle  of  sixty  years ;  rab^tu)  yndg^-par) 
byddrpa,  mdzddrpa  c.  ace.  or  la,  prop.  Ho 
make  firm  or  permanent',  to  consecrate,  tQ 
hallow,  a  new  house,  esp.  a  temple,  an  idol-, 
by  this  ^^t  a  house  is  secured  against  ac- 
cidents, and  an  idol  is  supposed  to  acquire 
life  and  to  become  the  abode  of  the  respect- 
ive deity,  which  occasionally  manifests  it- 
self by  sundry  miracles  Glr.;  rdb-tu  Jbyed- 
pa  (also  erron.  bydd-pa)  Cs.  to  analyze,  bat 
Tar.  96  it  is  equivalent  to  1(^1^^  treatise, 
dissertation.  rab-Jbydms-pa  v.  Jbydms-pa] 
rab^^dg  the  second  in  rank,  next  in  value, 
excellence  etc.,  thus  DzL  9\L^  5  (as  a  better 
reading  for  Jbrxh-mo) ;  rab-ydns  very  wide, 
very  extensive  Sch.;  rab-ysal  I .  very  clear, 
quite  evident.  2.  sbst.  a  small  balcony  or 
gallery,  frequently  seen  in  Tibetan  houses. 
3.  Sch.  history  (?). 

n.  also  rabs^  ford,  rab -mid  without  a 
ford,  rab-sd  =  rabs  Sch. 
xfl'^n*  ^ob-riby  col.  also  hrab-kriby  mA, 
dimness,  e.  g.  before  the  eyes,  in 
consequence  of  impaired  vision;  *Bomdh 
srib  mdn-na  mi  fan*  he  sees  only  a  mist  be- 
fore his  eyes,  W.;  skdr-ma  rab-rtb  the  faint 
glimmering  of  a  star. 
;^^  Tabs  1.  lineage,  succession  of  families, 
race,  family,  rgyal-rdbs  royal  family 
or  lineage,  nobility;  succession  of  kings; 
mi-rdbs  human  race;  rahs  -  ^d  a  person 
whose  lineage  is  broken  ofi^  i.e.  chihUess, 
issueless,  rabs-^dd  bza-mi  ynyis  a  married 
couple  without  children  MiL;  yd-rabs  the 
higher  class  of  people,  noblemen;  md-rabs 
the  lower  class,  also :  one  belonging  to  the 
higher  or  lower  class;  collectively:  rgdn- 
rabs  old  men,  aged  people,  ^'i^^^roAs  youth, 
young  persons ;  sndn^abs  the  ancienis  (w- 
tere8)y  pyi-rabs  men  of  modem  times,  de- 
scendants, posterity  6/r.,  snan-rabs'Sgrun 


x-^i' 


^Sr^  rdm^a 


I  r 


!  I  , 


^• 


525 


n 


^'.  .  * 


an  old  legend,  ancient  history  Zam.,  m&n- 
jyi  robs  bbo-brgyad  the  18  Poranas  Tar,  4, 
11.  —  2.  generation  Dzl^  resp.  ydunrrdbs 
Olr.ynd-nas  /dun-^dbs  Ihd-porna  in  the  fifth 
generation  after  me;  with  respect  to  indi- 
viduals^ period  of  life,  viz.  one  of  the  many 
periods,  which  every  person  is  supposed  to 
pass  through,  or  sometimes  pleon.  denoting 
a  person  as  being  the  representative  of  his 
generation :  sans^gyds  robs  bdun  the  seven 
Buddhas.  —  3.  in  gen.;  succession,  series, 
development ,  e.  g.  the  propagation  of  the 
Buddhist  doctrine  Tar.  205,  21 ;  bskal^dbs 
successions  of  Kalpas,  bskatrrdbs-naa  bskaU 
rdbssu, 
Xg^Cj'  rdm-pa  1.  W.  qulcl(-(quitch-)grass. 

—  2.  =  rdn-paf  Lt,  Glr. 
xxrn"  ^dm-bu  1.  prob.  only  in:  rdm-bu 
^dega^pa  to  join  in  singing,  to  take 
part  in  a  song,  to  fall  in  with,  DzL  ^2/,  13 
(not:  to  set  up  a  dismal  cry  ScA.),  v.  also 
Jbl'ba.  -  2.  =  na-rdm  Polygonum  vMr 
farum, 

X^:^  Tams  1.  indigo  B.,  col.  —  2.  Cs.;  ^de- 
gree of  doctorship^  snags-  or  go-  or 
drun-rdms-pa  one  having  such  a  degree'. 

xpj^  ral  1.  goafs  hair.  —  2.  rent  cleft,  pu 
ralynyis  a  sloping  valley  dividing  into 
two  parts  at  its  upper  end;  ral-ysum  n.  of 
Lahonl  on  account  of  its  consisting  of  three 
valleys ;  cf.  rdl-ba,  —  3.  v.  rdlrpa. 

^PJ^  rdUka  v.  rdl-gu. 
^PTfT  rdl'Ua  V.  rdUgri, 
^^3f^  rdl-ga  Sch.  =  ydl-ga. 

x^'m  rdUgu  1.  Sch.x  cleft,  chink,  fissure. 

>J    —  2.  dar-dkdr-gyi  rdJrgu  and  rdU 
ha  PthJ 
Xpj['^  ral-gri,  col.  *ra1rgyi,  ra-gyC  SWOrd, 

'^  also  for  rapier  and  other  thrust- 
blades  Dzh\  ral-grii  jidb-ma  or  Ue  blade, 
90  edge,  hibs  scabbard  of  a  sword  Cs. ;  rdU 
gri-pa  Cs,  a  sword-man;  a  fighting  man; 
rdlr-Ua  ■=  rdlso;  rdh-Ua  sprod^a  %  bring 
the  blades  together',  to  fight  hand  to  hand, 
(ralrUa  sbrad-pa  Sch.  is  prob.  a  misprint). 


xpj'n'  rdl-pa  long  hair,  lock,  curl;  mane  (of 

the  lion,  not  of  the  horse  etc);  rdl- 
pa-dan  having  or  wearing  long  hair,  n.  of 
a  Tibetan  king  that  distinguished  himself 
by  his  bigotry  and  by  his  servility  to  the 
priests;  ral-lian  a  willow  planted  at  the 
birth  of  a  child,  under  which  a  lock  of  the 
child's  hair  is  buried,  when  it  is  seven  years 
old  LkL 

xpTB'  'f'dl-ba  =  drdV-ba  and  hrdl-ba^  pf.  of 
JkdJrba^  torn,  of  clothes  etc.,  mtsdn- 
gyis  lacerated,  slashed,  cut  to  pieces  by  the 
sword  DzL;  hig-rdl-ba  id.;  iig-rdl  breach, 
destruction,  Kdn-porla  itg-^'dl  byiltn-na  when 
the  house  gives  way  Glr. ;  Ka^rdly  ma-rdly 
9na-rdl  a  lip,  ear  or  nose,  that  has  been 
lacerated  by  wearing  rings  etc. 
j^^  ras  \.  sbst.  cotton  cloth,  cottons,  also 
a  piece  of  cotton  cloth,  handkerchief 
etc.,  ras  sbdm-pa  thick,  strong  cotton  cloth; 
Idg-raSj  pyis-ras  Cs.  handkerchief,  napkin ; 
fdd-ras  turban  Cs.;  prd-raa  a  fine  sort  of 
cotton  stufif,  =a  kd-H-kai  ras,  "^  - 

Comp.  ras-rkydn  cotton  cloth.  —  ras* 
dead  Cs.  cotton  thread.  —  ras-Kug  a  small 
bag  made  of  cotton.  —  ras-Ura  calico,  chintz 
Cs.  ras-gds  cotlon  dress,  gown.  —  r§-^d  a 
strong  cotton  fabric  brought  from  S^.^  C. 
ras  bbos-bu  Cs.  calico,  chintz.  —  ras-fdg 
fillet,  bandage.  —  rds-pa  a  person  wearing 
cotton  clothes  MU.yirq.  —  ras-bdl  raw  cot- 
ton. —  ras  -  bubs  a  whole  piece  of  cotton 
cloth.  —  rds-ma  a  small  piece,  a  rag  Lex. 
*re-z^^  C  a  long,  loose  cotton  garment, 
shawl.  —  ras-yug  =  ras-bubs.  —  ras-nli  v. 
re-ru.  —  ras-sldg  a  furred  garment  covered 
with  cotton  cloth  W.  —  2.  adj.  Ka-rds  (V^*, 
for  rensf^  hard  snow  that  will  bear  a  man. 
Mf-CT  rds-pa  1.  vb.,  Lfd.  *ras-ie*  to  get  or 
grow  hoarse,  *sAm{  ras  son!*  the  voice 
has  grown  hoarse,  *skad  ras^a  rag*  I  feel 
a  hoarseness  in  my  throat.  —  2.  sbst.  ▼. 
sub  ras. 
^.  W,  also  ri-boB.,*rt'ga*W.  1.  mountain, 

hill,  ri  p6-ta-la  the  mountain  (called) 
Potala  IM.]  n-bo  dpal-Jbdr  Mil.y  rgyaU 
gyir^  ri  Mil.  the  mountain  Pal-bdr^  GycU- 
gyisri'y  rir  on  the  mountain  AW.,  ri-la  id. 


^^        /V        -'^ 


526 


/     i 


'.'fL 


n 


^^^  rii 


rig-pa 


frq.;  ri-fari'in^ams'-su  at  the  foot  of  the 
moon  tains  or  hills  Med,\  rir^gdn-pa  one 
livincy  in  close  vicinity  to  a  mountain,  W.\ 
gdns-ri  an  ice-mountain,  snowy  mountain, 
glacier,  ndgs-ri  or  Hn-ri  a  hill  covered  with 
wood,  brdg-ri  a  rocky  mountain,  yyd-ri  a 
mountain  or  hill  consisting  of  slate -stone 
or  schist;  span-ri  a  hill  covered  with  grass. 
—  2.  brim  of  a  hat  or  cap;  side-leather,  side- 
piece  of  a  shoe.  —  3.  symb.  num.:  7.  —  4. 
nam.  figure:  55.  —  5.  v.  ri-mo, 

Comp.  and  deriv.  ri-skid  v.  rked-pa.  — 
ri-skyigs  Stg.^  v.  skyegs.  —  ri-Urdd  chain  of 
mountains,  assemblage  of  bills  or  mountains, 
esp.  as  abode  of  hermits  who,  on  that  ac- 
count, are  called  ri'U7*6drpa\  also  directly 
=  dgdn-pa  hermitage.  —  ri-mgd  mountain 
top.  —  rirrgydl^  rii  rgydl-po  a  very  high 
mountain,  e.g.  Tise  MU.^  Gandhara  Sbh,^ 
esp.  =  ri-rdby  q.v.  —  ri-rgyud  chain  of 
mountains,  ridge  of  hills.  —  ri-ban  moun- 
tainous, hilly.  —  ri-chif  ri-bo-^  a  great 
mountain.  —  ri-nyin  the  sunny  side,  the 
southern  slope  of  a  mountain.  —  I'l'imyil 
fall  of  a  mountain,  land-slip  Sch.  —  ri-stdh 
V.  stdn-pa.  —  ri-deu  (or  rdeu)  cun  Sch.^  *ri' 
bdg^  ri'de-bdg*  W.^  a  mountain  spur  abound- 
ing in  stones.  —  ^ri-ddd*  W,  (perh.  to  be 
spelled  ri-Hrdd)  a  hermit  (living)  in  the 
mountains.  —  ri-snd  mountain  spur.  —  n'- 
pa  an  inhabitant  of  the  mountains,  moun- 
taineer, from  a  Tibetan  point  of  view  equi- 
valent to  the  Latin  pagamts  and  agrestis  as 
opp.  to  v/rbanus^  therefore  =  peasant,  poor 
uncivilized  person.  —  rv-prdn  a  little  hill 
or  mountain.  —  7*i'bo  =  rt,  v.  above.  —  n- 
b&r-pa  Tar.^  Csr.  ri-^dr-pa;  =  ri-Urdd-paj 
rirhdr^yi  groh  mountain  village  Tar.  —  n- 
brdg^  brdg-ri  rocky  mountain.  —  ri-Jbdg 
spur.  —  ri-sbiy  mountain  cavern.  —  ri-rtsd 
foot,  ri-rts^  top  of  a  mountain,  nyi-ma  ri- 
rts^-la  pdg-na  when  the  rising  sun  illumines 
the  mountain  tops.  —  ri-rfsi-kan  Cs.  n.  of 
a  mischievous  spirit.  —  ri-rdzdh  mountain 
fortress,  fort.  —  ri-^db  the  centre  of  the 
world  and  king  of  the  mountains,  the  fa- 
bulous Sumeru  or  Mem,  also  ri-rabrlhun- 
po,  H-rgydly  ri-bo-m^og-rdb  Mil  —  ri-ltin 


mountain  and  valley.  —  ri-ysib  Sch.  =  ri- 
Urdd.  —  risribs  the  side  not  exposed  to  the 
sun,  shady  side,  north-side  of  the  mountams. 

^"^1'  7i'gu  young  goat,  kid  W, 

^W  ri-rgyd  ScL:  foxes  or  fox-skins  (?). 

^'^^Tj?^  ri'dwags  animals  of  chase,  game. 

^•n*  ^'-^«  ^-  *rt'de*  to  be  worth,  gen.  as 
adj.  worth,  *lug  di  nul  cig  ri-ce  yin* 
this  sheep  is  worth  one  rupee  W,;  dnvlbrgya 
ri-bai  rta  a  horse  worth  one  hundred  rupees 
Cs..  cf.  rin  and  rib;  ri-bai  rin-tdh  the  fall 
price  Sch, 

^-gjp.  r^-Jo'/ihare,  ri-bdn-moCs,  female  hare; 
it  lives  in  Ld.^  but  not  in  the  smaller 
valleys,  e.g.  not  in  Lahoul;  riMn-gi  nca 
the  horn  of  a  hare,  a  nonentity,  a  thing  not 
existing,  cf.  mo-Min-gyi  bu, 
^•^  ri-mo  1.  figure,  picture,  painting,  draw- 
ing, Iha-k'dn-gi  Glr.]  ri-mo-mKan 
painter;  ri-mo'can,  n-mo-ldan  marked  with 
figures ;  ri-mor  byed-pa  to  represent  by  means 
of  figures  and  colours,  to  paint  Do.;  marl(- 
ings  (streaks,  speckles  etc.)  ^ai  markings  of 
a  (tiger's)  skin  Tar.;  ri-lcrd  having  stripes 
of  various  colours,  spotted,  speckled;  ri-mo 
also  draught,  plan,  design,  and  fig.  pattern, 
rule  of  conduct,  law  written  into  the  heart 
—  2.  =  rirn^o  reverence,  veneration,  n- 
rruyr  by^dr-pa  to  honour,  to  venerate  Stg. 

^^  H-lu  col.,  but  also  Tar.  63,  for  rtl-bu. 
^'■S*  ri-^iy  lgf^^  =  dran-srdh  q.  v. 
^'5f'  ri-kd  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb  M^. 

^OT  ^  '^  ^^'  ^'  *^^  provinc.  for  Hg: 
'    *mah-na  rig*  OT^nyun-mu  rig  ton* give 
much!  give  little! 

^rrrq*  »^-p«  I-  vb.,  1.  to  l(now,  to  unde^ 
'  stand,  =»  ^h-pa  with  the  terrain,  of 
a  sbst. :  to  know  (a  person  etc.)  as,  with 
the  terrain,  of  the  inf.:  to  know  that,  to  per- 
ceive, observe,  Urds-par  rig-nas  perceiving 
that  he  becarae  angry  Dzl.;  pd-la  rig-par 
gyis  let  your  father  know  it,  inform  your 
father  of  it  Tar.;  zldg-tu  rig-par  byed  (it 


^^I'Cr  rig-pa 

or  he)  teaches  how  to  avert,  prevent  etc.  — 
2.  V.  sgn'g-pa. 

II.  sbst.  1.  knowing,  knowledge;  prudence, 
talents,  natural  gifts  6Zn;  rig-pa  dah  Man- 
pa  talented,  rich  in  knowledge,  learned  Dzl; 
rig-pa  ysa/r-banesv  informations,  disclosures, 
knowledge;  news,  l(^g-gi  rig-pa  bsgr4s-na  if 
one  compares  the  absurd  news  Tar,  174, 
Schf,;  ma-rig-pa  1.  sbst.  ^qfifirr  ignorance, 
mostly  used  in  the  specific  Buddhist  sense, 
viz.  for  the  innate  principal  and  fundamental 
errorof  considering  perishable  things  as  per- 
manent and  of  looking  upon  the  external 
world  as  one  really  existing,  with  Bud- 
dhists in  a  certain  manner  the  original  sin, 
from  which  every  evil  is  proceeding,  v. 
Kopp.  1, 163  (but  cf.  yti-rrmg).  2.  adj.  void  of 
reason,  unreasonable,  irrational,  dixd-^oma- 
ri(j-pa  Mil,  —  2.  science,  learning,  literature, 
ndn-gi  rig-pa  the  orthodox  or  sacred  litera- 
ture, pyii  rig-pa  the  heterodox  or  profane 
literature  Cs.,  fun-7non-gi  rig-pa  literature 
or  science  common  to  both  religions  (Bud- 
dhists and  Brahmans)  Cs.;  rig-pat  ynas  and 
rig-pa  any  single  science  (philosophy,  me- 
dicine etc.)  V.  rig-ynds\  rig-pai  rdl-tso  or 
ing-pai  yrius  fams-ddd  Cs.  circle  of  science, 
encyclopedia.  —  3.  soul  (prob.  only  in  later 
literature),  rig-pa  lus  dart  brdl-ba  the  soul 
separated  from  the  body,  rten  dah  brdl-ba 
the  soul  separated  from  her  hold  or  from 
her  abode  Thgr. ;  often  opp.  to  bem  Mil, 

Comp.  rig-mHan,  rig(-paypo  Cs.^  Sch. 
a  knowing  person,  a  learned  man.  —  rig- 
rggud  character  Mil,  —  rig -snags  a  spell, 
charm,  magic  formula,  rig-snags-mUan  a  per- 
son skilled  in  charms.  —  rig-ynds  a  science, 
one  of  the  sciences;  rig-ynds  ci-ba  Ina  the 
five  great  sciences  or  classes  of  science,  fi-q.; 
these  are :  sgrd-rig-pa  science  of  language, 
ytan-tsigs-rig-pa  dialectics,  ysd-ba-rig-pa 
medicine,  bzd-rig-pa  science  of  mechanical 
arts,  nah-ddn-rtg-pa  religious  philosophy; 
of  less  consequence*  are:  rig-ynds  ^n-ba 
Ina  the  five  minor  sciences;  and  the  li- 
pids or  rig-pabdo-brgyad(sAso ;  tmg-la^90y 
which  need  not  be  particularly  enumerated, 
though  they  are  often  mentioned  intheD^f. ; 


^^^• 


527 


rtgs 


they  are  named  by  Cs,  and  Sch,  —  ^gi-pa)- 
po  V.  rig-mUan,  —  rig-bySd  1 .  conveying 
knowledge,  instructive,  prob.  also  learned, 
Ha  rig-by^d  glii-mKan  ma  yiv^-te  I  am  no 
schooled,  accomplished,  singer  MU.  2.  in- 
struction, a  book  conveying  knowledge,  a 
scientific  work,  bzoi  ing-byid  a  technological 
work  Glr,  3.  "^^  "Veda,  the  (four)  sacred 
writings  of  ancient  Brahmanism,  hence  4. 
as  symb.  num.:  4.  —  rig -ma,  %^irrf^, 
Veda-mother,  Qayati'l^  a  certain  metre,  verse 
and  hymn  of  the  Rigveda,  personified  as 
a  deity  Mil,  —  rig-^dzin^  from  rig-pa  ^dzin- 
pa  to  comprehend  a  science  with  ease,  to 
be  of  quick  parts  DzL,  as  partic:  a  man 
of  parts,  a  clever  fellow;  but  usually  tig-odzin 
(like  rig-^Zan^  of  rarer  occurrence),  Ssk. 
fgf q  TMT^  denotes  a  kind  of  spirits  to  whom 
a  high  degree  of  wisdom  is  attributed,  like 
the  Dakinis.  —  rig-hh  the  faculty  of  reason 
Tar,  90, 2,  Schf. 
^qr^cn-  *^-^j  '^W  rig-rig  by  4d-pa  or  dug- 

'       '  pa  to  look  about,  esp.  in  an  anxious 
manner,  shyly  Tar.,  Mil. 
^cn^  ri^s  1.  family,  lineage,  extraction,  birth, 

'  descent,  rigs^rus  lineage  and  family 
Glr,,  mai  rigs-su  ny^-ba  or  ytdgs-pa  a  re- 
lation by  the  mother's  side  Dzl,\  emph. : 
noble  birth  or  extraction:  rigs-kyi  bu  or  bu- 
wo  noble  or  honoured  sir!  honoured  madam! 
a  respectful  address,  which  is  also  more  ge- 
nerally applied;  thus  in  Thgr,  it  is  the  reg- 
ular way  of  addressing  the  soul  of  a  de- 
ceased person;  mi-^rigs  i,  the  human  race, 
mankind  Cs.  2.  nation,  tribe  Glr.]  sdi-rigs 
tribe  Cs.  3.  rarely  =  sex,  md-rtjrs  female  sex 
Wdn,  —  2.  in  a  special  sense:  caste,  class 
in  society,  rank.  In  Tibet  five  ranks  are 
usually  distinguished,  viz.:  rgydl-rigs  royal 
state,  royahy,  brdm-ze-^s  caste  of  priests 
(Brahman  caste),  rjS-rigs  nobility,  aristo- 
cracy, d/mdhs-rigs  the  citizens,  yddl-pai  rigs 
the  common  people.  When  speaking  of  India, 
the  appellations  of  these  classes  are  applied 
to  the  castes  of  Brahmanism,  although  they 
do  not  correspond  to  each  other  in  every 
respect.  —  3.  kind,  sort,  species,  groi  rigs 
ysumyod  there  are  three  sorts  of  wheat,  skdd- 


528 


^^• 


rt^8 


KQ'R'  rin-ia 


rigs  gds-riffs  mir^drd-ba  different  languages 
and  costames;  bi-rigs  of  every  sort,  bi-rigi" 
9U  in  every  possible  manner,  e  g.  ^os  stdn- 
pa  to  teach  religion;  nyin-mai  rigs-kyis  or 
rigs'la  by  the  day,  by  days,  daily  Glr.;  rigs 
is  also  used  for  some,  certain,  ndd-rigs-la 
mi  ^dzhn-na  if  one  is  not  on  his  guard  against 
certain  diseases;  sometimes  pleon.:  ydn-lag 
rigs  bzi  the  four  limbs,  viz.  hands  and  feet 
CrUr-i  rgyal-'lin  rigs  bhi  the  four  great  spirit- 
kings  Thgy.y  rigs  ysum  mg&n-po  the  three 
tutelar  saints  (spyan-ras-yzigs^  pyag-rddr^ 
^am-dbydns)  Olr.;  sans-rgyds  rigs  Inai  iin" 
Hams  Thgr.  —  rigs-pa  vb.  to  have  the  way, 
manner,  custom,  quality  of,  mgo  pyir  Jbyun- 
bai  rigs'SO  the  upper  end  (of  a  stick,  part 
of  which  is  in  the  water)  has  the  way  of 
sticking  out,  i.e.  sticks  out ;  often  to  be  trans- 
lated: must  necessarily  (according  to  the 
laws  of  nature  or  to  circumstances) ;  as  partic. 
or  adj.:  necessary,  also  proper,  suitable,  right, 
suited  to  its  purpose,  in  the  earlier  literature 
gen.  with  the  genit  of  the  infin.,  sometimes 
with  the  terrain,  of  the  infin.,  in  later  times 
with  the  root  of  the  verb;  thus :  fds-n^is  Iddn- 
bai  rigS'SO  you  must  get  up  as  soon  as  you 
hear . . .  DzL;  da  ri  hig  sndn-bai  rigs  now 
a  mountain  must  appear  DzL;  bidg-pairigs- 
sam  would  it  not  be  expedient  to  appoint. . .? 
IteZ.;  rigS'kyi  dus^-la  bdb-bo  it  is  just  the 
right  time  DzL\  mi  smrd-^ai  mi  rigs-so  it 
is  not  right  to  be  silent  Dzl;  smdd-par  mi 
rigs-so  it  is  not  right  to  abuse  Olr,\  ^dh-rigs 
jiug-pas  because  (he)  might  possibly  come 
MU,  nt ;  drdfirpa  mi  zin  rigs-la  if  he  should 
perhaps  notretain  the  recollection  of,  if  there 
should  be  any  danger  of  his  not  remem- 
bering Thgr.;  nan-sdnrdu  ^grd-hai rigs-la  as 
there  is  a  possibility  of  going  to  hell  Thgr.\ 
ydid-bai  rigs- pa  those  fit  for  conversion 
DzL;  Ihar  skyi-ba  ni  rigs-pa  ma  lags  his 
being  re -bom  as  a  deity  is  not  befitting, 
or  also:  not  possible,  not  probable  DzL ;  mi- 
rigs-pa  wrong,  not  right,  unbecoming,  im- 
proper etc.,  mostly  as  adv. :  mi^rigs-parbyed- 
pa  to  act  wrong,  to  do  badly,  firq.  —  rigs- 
kyi  f)es-Jbrdn  Was.  (274)  v.  sub  lun. 

Comp.  rigs'brgyud  race,  lineage,  extrac- 


tion, family  Cs,^  rigs-brgyudr^dzin  male  Uoifv, 
rigs-brgyM  ^piUbar  ^gyinr-ba  the  rising  of 
a  numerous  progeny  Dom,  —  rigs-ndn  I. 
low  birth  or  extraction,  ^Ryod  mi  rig-hdn- 
pa  dan  nydm-po  dS-^e  marf  you  must  not 
mingle  with  people  of  low  extraction,  with 
common  people  W, ;  rigs-ndn  dpdn-^u  sko- 
ba  to  raise  a  child  of  low  extraction  to  the 
royal  dignity  Gk.  2.  hangman  DzL  (cf.  yddl- 
pa).  —  rigs-^an^  rigs-lddn  of  noble  birth. 

—  rigs-mnydm-pa^  mtun-pa^  ^drd-ba 
of  the  same  rank  etc.,  of  the  same  species. 

—  rigs-nydms  degenerated,  rigs-nydms  dge- 
sUn  a  monk  disgracing  his  profession  PA. 

—  rigs-mid  «=  rigs-ndn  no.  1. 

^jMj'g-  tigs-pa  1 .  v.  rigs.  —  2.  often  erron. 
'  for  rig-pa.  —  3.  adj.  oirigsirgydl- 

rigs-pa  belonging  to  the  reigning  family  or 
caste;  bir-rigs-pai  sgd-nas  in  every  possible 
manner  MU. ;  ci-rigs-par  snydnrpat  fsig-gis 
with  ever  so  many  kind  words  DzL;  also: 
in  any  way,  any  how,  to  a  certain  degree 
or  extent,  in  part,  partly  Tar.  4,  3  etc  — 
4.  sbst.,  translation  of  i^p^  logic,  dialectics 
Trigl.  15;  an  infallible,  not  deceptive  idea 
Was.  (297). 

^C^'O*  rm-w^a  continual  (?),  daily  (?)  ka- 
fsd  rin-he-ba  Mil.nt  every  day 
warm  meals. 

^[••q-  rin-ba  I.  adj  ,  also  rih-po  C,  B.,  *r»i- 
ino*  W.  1.  long,  high,  tall,  relating  to 
space;  rin-mo^kuf^  W.  carry  it  lengthwise; 
it  also  implies  distance,  in  which  case  fag- 
rih  (q.v.^  is  the  more  precise  form;  da-dun 
yul-las  rin-ste  as  he  is  still  at  a  great  dis- 
tance from  the  place  DzL;  more  frq.  with 
dan:  ynas  Jti gron-Hyir  dan  rih-bas  because 
this  place  is  far  from  the  town  Dzl. ;  mi  rih- 
ba-na  at  no  great  distance.  —  2.  long,  with 
respect  to  time,  ^  rin-ba  sbst  a  long  life, 
adj.  long-lived,  rgydl-ba  dan  fse  rih-barkog 
big  may  he  be  victorious  and  live  long!  DzL; 
yun  rin-po  (or  mci)  a  long  time;  yun  rih- 
po-ruus  from  a  long  time,  a  long  time  since, 
rin-por  ma  Un-par^  less  accurately:  rin-po 
ma  Ion-par  soon  afterwards,relating  to  things 
past,  rin-por  mi  togs-par  id.  with  respect  to 
the  future,  =  after  a  little  while,  in  a  short 


nn-i 


^q'  rib 


529 


time,  frq.;  mi-rin^ar  id.  Tar.;  di-nas  rm 
rin-bar  not  long  after  that  Tar.;  nn  ^  a 
long  time,  Wn  ^i^  Idn-pa  dan  after  a  long 
timoDzL;  rin  hig-tu  adv.  long,  a  long  while, 
for  a  long  time,  rin  Mff-tu  ma  ^ons-pas  as 
he  did  not  come  for  a  long  time  Dzl.;  rin 
zig-na  after  or  during  a  long  time  Glr,\  rin- 
ioy  resp.  skurrin-la  c.  genit.  during,  at,  nyirir 
gyi  rin-la  in  the  day-time^  during  the  day 
Pth,,  jMr  biugs  rin  (provinc.  for  rt/i?)  Jiso- 
^08  or  rgyaga  provisions  for  the  time  of  his 
stay  Mil;  esp.  of  kings  etc.:  under  a  king; 
during  the  reign  or  life  of  a  king,  frq. ;  dd- 
rin  B.f  6\,  ^dd-rin^  (more  correct  form,  but 
only  in  W,)  to-day.  —  3.  old,  rin  idg-na  Sch. 
long  ago,  long  since,  v.  also  rin-ltigs.  — 

n.  length,  distance  etc.,  more  definite 
form,  but  of  rare  occurrence:  rin-ba-nyid^ 
di-nas  mi-rin-^a-n^d-na  a  very  short  time 
afterwards  Tar. 

Comp.  rin-Hydd  length.  —  *rin-tdb*  W. 
length,  copiousness  (of  account).  —  rin-^fun 
1.  long  and  short.  2.  length,  relatively.  ~ 
rin-gag^  also  stodrgdg  jacket  or  waistcoat 
of  a  Lama,  without  sleeves. 
^r'fMrwr  ^n-lugs  Cs.:  'the  sect  or  foUow- 
'  ers  of  a  person',  Sch. :  'old  cus- 
toms'; Olr.  92,  2(?). 

3^'fl^QJ'  ^^-^srd  ('things  which  are  to  be 
^  preserved  for  a  long  time'),  \j|tj, 
relics  of  a  Buddha  or  a  saint,  viz.  smaU,  hard 
particles,  ace.  to  Bumouf  the  remnants  of 
burnt  bones.l?  ;t»  ^s^  u.j  ^,  .  /  ^u  -  -     *r>i^, : 

A,C^  rins  sometimes  for  rin. 

^CSTCT  ^^^^^  swift,  speedy,  rim-par  rgyug- 
pa  to  run  fast,  to  hasten,  hurry;  rira- 
par  yod  I  am  in  a  hurry  Mil.;  *rin^a  ton* 
W.  be  quick!  make  haste!  rins  run  though 
you  be  in  a  hurry  MU.;  rim-pai  bsdd-myoms 
alms,  gifts  of  charity  (requiring  haste),  ur- 
gently requested,  and  out  of  the  common 
course.  Bum.  I,  269.  628  *2;a- W««,  Jun- 
ms*,  waiting  impatiently  for  one's  meal, 
*fffrulrrins\  for  setting  out  W.;  rinsstdbssu 
most  speedily  Mil, 

^c*q*  rid-pa  1.  meager,  emaciated  Dzl.  and 
elsewh.  —  2.  Sch.  also:  rare. 


^^'^'  rid-pdn  the  Neosa  pine-tree  Kun. 

^^-  rin  1.  price,  value,  Wti  ybdd^a  to  fix,  to 
^  determine  the  price  Cs.  (cf.  faw),  rin 
rtdg-pa  to  ascertain  the  price,  to  estimate 
the  value  Cs.;  rin  Jb^bs-pa  to  abate,  to  lessen 
the  price  Cs.;  rin  J)dh-pa^  rin  Jbri-ba  to  go 
down,  to  sink  or  fall  in  value  Cs. ;  *rin  tsam* 
W.,  *rin  gha-tsQ^*  C.  how  dear  (is  it)  ?  what 
does  it  cost?  rin-la  mi  cog  Sch.  to  sell  under 
cost-price;  rin-ban  dear,  costly;  rin-m^d 
worthless,  also:  for  nothing,  gratis;  rin-gdn^ 
rin-fdn^  rin-fsdd  Tar.  ^^^  17  =  rin;  rin- 
chi-pOj  rm-po-c^  v.  the  next  article.  —  2. 
for  riw,  v.  rin-ba  I,  2. 

\&:^^(i^\  rm-2wj(-po),  also  rin-po-'ie, 
'^^  ^  \.  very  dear,  precious,  valuable; 
usually:  2.  sbst ,  jjs(,  a  precious  thing,  trea- 
sure, jewel,  precious  stone,  precious  metal; 
metal  in  general;  Glr.  7,  five  jewels  of  the 
gods  are  enumerated,  sapphire,  indragopa 
and  other  three,  prob.  faliulous,  stones,  and 
five  jewels  as  the  property  of  man :  gold, 
silver,  pearls,  corals,  lapis  lazuli ;  in  other 
books  other  jewels  are  specified  as  such.  In 
the  Buddha-legends  frq.  mention  is  made 
of  the  rin-pO'^e  sna  bdun,  i.e.  the  extra- 
ordinary treasures  of  a  Tshakravartin  king, 
viz.  the  precious  wheel  (v.  Jlior'lo\  the  pre- 
cious elephant,  the  precious  horse,  the  pre- 
cious jewel,  the  precious  wife,  the  precious 
minister  and  the  precious  general  (or  inst. 
^  jof  him,  the  precious  citizen)  v.  Gyatch.  chap, 
in.  Sometimes  rin-po-^ei  may  be  under- 
stood literally :  consisting  of  jewels,  of  pre- 
cious stones,  at  other  times  it  is  merely  equi- 
valent to:  valuable,  precious;  rin-po-cei 
glin  Glr.  seems  frq.  to  signify  a  holy,  happy 
land  inhabited  by  gods.  —  3.  a  title,  used 
not  only  in  rgya-mfso  rin-po-ce  and  pan- 
cen  rin-po-ie  (the  honorary  titles  of  the 
high-priests  of  Lhasa  and  of  Tashilunpo), 
but  also  a  title  of  every  Lama  of  a  higher 
class. 
^-.^.  rin^di  W.  (rin-dri  Bun.)  1.  lead.  — 

^^    2.  musket-ball. 
^^  rib  =  ri-ba  Sch.  {Dzl  97V,  8.  15,  and 
in  Sch.^s  dictionary):  worth,  costing, 
34 


530 


^^Sf  rib^mu 


^^' 


)*t8 


standiDg  at;  to  the  Tibetans  asked  by  us  the 
word  seemed  to  be  unknown,  and  the  MS. 
of  Eyelang  has  ri-ba  in  the  above  cited  pas- 
sage. 

^fl'aW'  *^-^^wi*  TF.,  ^dib-ma*  C,  fence, 
hedge,  enclosure  to  protect  the  fields 
from  cold  winds,  intruders  etc. 

^$1'^'  rim-gri  resp.  for  *ltdg8-ri*  hunger  IV. 

^gT((TS(r  ^'^'^-S^o  or  rim-^rOy  resp.  sku- 
^  ^^  rim  honour,  homage,  shown  more 
esp.  to  gods,  saints,  and  priests,  offerings  and 
other  ceremonies  (v.  sub  sku),  rhn-^os  far- 
bar  offj/ur  he  will  yet  be  cured  by  religious 
ceremonies  (if  medical  advise  should  prove 
insufficient)  S»g. ;  dei  rim-gro^la  as  a  cere- 
mony for  him  (the  sick  person)  MU. ;  zah- 
zin-gi  rim-gros  by  offerings  in  goods,  cattle 
etc.)  Mil;  rim-^o  (Sin^  byas  he  arrang- 
ed a  great  sacrificial  festival  Pth, ;  rvm-gny- 
pa  servant,  waiting-man^  valet  de  chambre. 

X^^^zx  ^^:P«j  ^^'  ^nr,  1-  series,  succes- 
sion, rimr-^pa)  bHn(^du)  DzL,  rim- 
par  Glr.^  in  a  row  or  line,  in  rows,  by  turns, 
successively,  one  after  another^  also  =  by 
degrees^  gradually;  rim-gyisy  rhn-pas  DzL 
id. ;  rinv-pas  ddn-po  m^Sog  yin  pyi-ma  dman 
V.  sub  drtyx7^a\  byd-ba  fob-rim  bzin  byid- 
jpa  to  do  a  business  by  turns,  each  taking 
a  certain  share  of  the  work  Glr.  —  2.  the 
place  in  a  row  or  file,  constituent  part  or 
member  of  a  series,  dei  mi-brgyud  rim-pa 
Inas  rgydl-sa  bzun  five  members  of  his  lin- 
eage occupied  the  throne  Glr.^  and  in  a  still 
more  general  sense:  igo  rim -pa  bdun  a 
sevenfold  door  DzL;  rim-lddbs  Sch,  and 
nyia-rim  S,g.  double;  rim-ybig  =  lan-ycig 
one  time,  once.  —  3.  order,  method,  ^cdd-par 
^yur-bai  rim-pa  ^dis  by  this  method  which 
will  be  explained  immediately,  Sbh. ;  rim- 
bral  disorderly,  irregular  Cs.  —  rim  ynyis 
V.  skyedrrim, 

j^j;j«r/xr-N  rvm8(-nad)  contagious  disease, 
^ '^  epidemy,  plague,  nan- rims  id. 
Glr.;  rims  yton-ba  to  send,  to  cause  a  plague, 
as  demons  do  DzL;  dus  ydxm  ynyis-kyis  ma 
skyed  rims  mi  Jyyun  plagues,  epidemics,  are 
caused  by  nothing  but  the  season  or  by 


demons;  ^(u-rim*  W,  dysentery,  diarrlioea, 

bloody  flux;  rima-sd  the  'tooth'  of  an  epi- 
demy, i.e.  its  contagium,  virulency. 

^0}^*  ril-tin  Ld.  =  ka-rdg, 

J^QJ'n'  ^i«  I-  more  frq.  riUpOy  riUmo  B., 
C;  *ril-ril*  W,  1.  round,  globular,  in 
C.  also  cylindrical;  ardn-ma  ril-mo  peas  are 
round  Wdn.;^rilHriP  W,  also  sbst.:  a  round, 
globular  object,  such  as  a  cabbage-head,  a 
round  lump  of  butter  etc. ;  riUbai  spyi-blugs 
Glr.y  Sch,:  *a  bottle,  narrow  in  the  middle, 
a  gourd-bottle'.  —  2.  whole,  entire;  wholly, 
quite  *Afo/i-riZ* quite  crippled,  lamed  C;  *nag- 
rU-riP  W.  very  black,  quite  black;  rtdg-pa 
dan  ril-por  jdzin-pa  to  consider  a  thing 
lasting  and  entire  (not  compounded)  Thgy,; 
ril-por  na  dbdn-na  if  it  belongs  to  me  ai- 
tirely  Mil. ;  ril^  the  whole,  the  entire  thing 
(opp.  to  a  part),  also  in  arithmetic  WdJL; 
rOrpoi  Ihdg-ma  the  remainder  of  the  whole 
WdL;  bubs-ril  bis  the  whole  body  S.g.;  rU- 
gyis  yydgs-pa  entirely,  completely,  envelop- 
ed, or  wrapped  up  Sch. ;  ril-mid-pa  Sch. : 
'to  swallow  a  thing  entire';  d^-dag  dan  riln 
gyis  mci-am  ^yed  dan  mii-ba  bkastsdl  Hg 
tell  me  whether  I  am  to  jcome  with  all,  or 
only  with  one  half  (of  them)  Dzl  9^Si,  5 
(ace.  to  the  manuscript  of  Kyelang);  ril-bu, 
col.  *ril-lu%  small  ball,  globule,  pill,  rU-bur 
bsgril-ba  srdn-ma  tsam  formed  into  a  pill  of 
the  size  of  a  pea  Lf,;  ril-ma  globular  dung 
of  some  animals,  byi-bai  ril  mouse -dung 
Mng.  (where  Piper  longum  is  compared 
with  it),  gld-bai  ril  dung  of  the  musk-deer; 
lug-ril  tirdles,  sheep-pellets,  ha-ril  1 .  dung 
of  the  argali  Ld,  2.  small  meat-balls  C.  — 
n.  1.  W::  ""Hl-b^  (for  griUa)  to  fall.  -  2. 
BaL  ^ril-bas*  (for  sgril-ba)  tO  wrap  up. 
^«r  ris  1.  cognate  to  W-wo  and  perh.  to 
JyHrha :  figure,  form,  design,  pddma-ris 
the  figure  of  a  lotus-flower  Glr.^  mig^man- 
ris-su  bris-pa  Glr.  painted  like  a  chess- 
board; skya-ris  the  blank  parts  of  a  picture, 
fson-ris  the  painted  parts  of  a  picture  d.  — 
2.  Cs.i  part,  region,  quarter,  hence  mfd-Hs 
heaven,  v.  mfo;  dban-Hs  share  of  power  or 
of  territory;  mna-ns  id   and  n.  of  a  part  of 


531 


Tibet;  pt/ogs-Hs  party;  Cs.  has  also:  rdn-ris 
one's  own  party,  yzdn-i'is  another's  party, 
ris-han  partial,  prejudiced,  ns-m^d  impartial, 
indifferent,  hence  also  hermit,  because  he 
ought  to  feel  indifferent  to  every  thing.  — 
3.  Sch.:  'm-«w  difference,  n's-su  cad  ^ pa 
equality^??).  —  4.  ris-yza  symb.  num.:  7, 
derived  from  the  number  of  the  great  pla- 
nets together  with  sun  and  moon. 
X •  rtt  1.  horn,  ^rwa;  rd-ru  goat's  horn, 

%-rv  ram's  horn.  —  2.  parts  of  vessels 
etc.  resembling  a  horn,  e.g.  the  handle  of 
a  stew-pan  Mil.  nt ;  *g6-ru*  C.  door-post  — 
3.  part,  division,  dmag-gi  of  an  army  Stg,^ 
wing  Ci.;  of  a  country,  dbu-ytidh-ru-bhi 
MU,;  /yds-ru  the  right  side  or  wing,  yydn- 
ru  the  left  side  or  wing,  yhih-ru  the  middle 
part  or  centre  Cs.  —  4.  as  num.  figure :  85. 

Comp.  rvrddr  Wdk ,  MU.,  rvHnfsdn  Sch, 
military  ensign,  banner,  colours,  ^pydr-ba  to 
display,  to  hoist  (a  flag).  —  ru-snd  division 
of  an  army  Sch,  —  ru^a  'troops,  advan- 
ced posts  of  the  enemy'  Sch,  —  rnrdp6n 
commander  of  a  regiment,  colonel. 
-•J.,  ni-hd  hatred,  grudge,  malice,  (of  rare 
occurrence);  ru-na-ban  spiteful,  mali- 
cious. 
x-g-  ru-rtd  Ca.:  'a  kind  of  spicy  root';  in 

'   Lh.  Inula  Heleniwm. 
x-^r  or  ^'  rti-fdg  or  ru-rddg  Cs,  n.  of  a 
'  »  '   district  in  Tibet  contiguous 

to  Ladak;  an  extensive  plain,  east  of  lake 
Pankon. 
^'Cf  r&^a  V.  ru. 

^•2f  ru^o  ram  W. 

x-q-  Qj.  ^'ct;^'  ru'ba  or  re-yv/r  a  tent-co- 
>J  vering  made  of  yak's  hair; 
rH-ba-pa  a  person  living  in  such  a  tent; 
ru'bai  fsogs  a  number  of  such  tents,  a  tent- 
village. 

X  *^*  ru-ma  curdled  milk,  used  as  a  ferment 
C,  ^d-mar  ru-ma  blug-^dra  as  when 
sweet  and  curdled  milk  are  put  together 
S.g.;  as  to  its  effect,  it  may  also  stand  for 
leaven. 

^'$^  rur-fsdr  fringes  Ld.  =  Ha-fsdr. 


^^'R'  run-ba 


^'^'  ru^akia  Med.;  Cs,:  a  sort  of  berry. 

X'x-  ru-ru  Stg.;  Sch.:  a  kind  of  deer;  a 

^  species  of  ifruit-trees. 
X'ojq'  ru-l^b  'flat-horn',  ace.  to  Sch.  the 

reindeer  (sd-ba  rv^Ub  the  domesti- 
cated, Ka^Jbrdg-girU'Ub  the  wild  r.),  more 
prob.  the  elk,  v.  Ua-4a, 
V^^  ^^-ff^  appearing  (?),  Hn  mum  rug- 

gS  the  field  had  a  luxuriant  appear- 
ance Mil.  nt, 

XCT'q'  ritg-pa  1,  Cs.  %  kind  of  potato.  — 
^  '  2,  W.  to  collect,  gather,  pluck,  v. 
sgrug-pa. 

^C'pC  ritn-Kan  Cs.:  bake-house,  kitchen. 

™^.  riin-ba  1.  vb.  to  be  fit,  calculated, 
suitable,  right,  and  adj.:  fit  etc.,  gen. 
with  termin.,  rarely  with  the  root  of  the 
verb,  fsig  jli  Jigs-su  run  this  word  is  cal- 
culated to  terrify,  is  terrible  Dzl.;  btsoh-du 
run  it  is  salable,  vendible  DzL;  slob-dpdn- 
du  mi  run  he  is  not  fit  to  be  a  teacher  Dzl ; 
yMn-du  mi  run  he  is  good  for  nothing  else, 
but  also  in  the  sense:  he  is  too  good  for 
anything  else,  nothing  inferior  can  be  offer- 
ed to  him  Glr. ;  grub  ruh-du  ydd-pa  one  that 
is  able  to  perform  it  Tar.;  mi  myed  mi  run 
it  must  be  procured  by  all  means  2)2:/.,  mi 
byar  mi  run  it  must  be  done  Dzl,;  nydUdu 
mi  run  it  would  not  do  to  sleep  Dzl.;  med 
kyaii  run  I  (you  etc.)  can  also  do  without 
(him)  Glr,;  dei  tse  ytdn-du  i^h-nam  mi  run 
would  it  not  be  as  well  to  let  him  go  once 
more?  Dzl.;  H-ltar  yidrces-su  run  how  can 
one  believe  you?  Dzl.]  *kon^ifdg  zun  zer  mi 
run*  W.  God  cannot  tell  a  lie;  ^di  yan  run 
this,  too,  is  correct,  will  do  Grram.;  fsab  run 
tsam  it  may  perhaps  be  used  instead  Wdn.] 
nd'la  mds-pa  ma  byas  kyah  run-^te  that  they 
do  not  show  me  any  honour  is  not  so  great 
a  loss;  but . . .  Mil. ;  Jits  run-nam  is  that  the 
right  thing?  will  that  do?  de4tar  run  (TT. 
*<%*)  well,  let  it  be  sol  for  aught  I  care! 
—  2.  several  other  phrases  with  run:  a.  lus 
^di  H  run  why  should  we  care  so  much  for 
this  our  body?  D^.;  esp.  cimarun^  pre- 
ceded by  na  or  (rarely)  hjyah:  why  should 


532 


^'^rud 


^^CT  rus^a 


not . . .?  i.e.  0  that!  wouM  that!  ^di  bddg-gi 
yin-na  U  ma  run  would  that  this  were  mine ! 
T/iffy. ;  nai  bu-mo  min^na  di  ma  run  I  only 
wish,  she  were  not  my  daughter!  would  it 
were  not  my  daughter!  Pth.  b.  run^yan 
afiter  a  verbal  root:  de  isam  isig  bsdad  run 
though  I  have  been  sitting  so  long  Mil,] 
mi  dgos  run  though  it  is  not  necessary  Mil.; 
^€8  run  mi  hes-pa  Uar  bydd-pa  to  plead  ig- 
norance although  one  knows  the  thing  Mil,] 
H'la  tug  run  whatever  may  happen  to  me, 
ws  at  all  events,  at  any  rate;  Hyin  run  what- 
ever it  may  he^MU,\  log  yin  run  min  run 
whether  it  be  an  erroneous  (opinion)  or  not 
Mil,\  H  run  yson  run  whether  I  live  or  die, 
living  or  dead  Pih.\  gan  yan  ruh^  hi  yan 
rwh  whosoever  he  may  be,  whatsoever  it 
may  be,  firq.;  «a  hi  gan  yoA  Htn-bor-la  on 
earth,  water  or  whatever  it  be  Do,  c.  mi- 
run-ba  illicit,  improper,  unfit,  v.  above;  mi- 
riin-iai  yii  bbu  ten  illicit  actions,  differently 
specified  Tar,  33,  9,  Kopp,  I,  147,  partly 
moral  offences,  partly  only  infractions  of 
discipline;  but  marTun-ba^  ma- rum-pa  1. 
pernicious,  dangerous,  atrocious,  as  enemies, 
beasts  of  prey,  malignant  gods  and  spirits, 
reckless  destroyers  etc.  2.  spoiled,  destroy- 
ed, ruined,  mor^n-bar  byed-pa  to  destroy 
etc.,  mor^n-bar  ^gyur-ba  to  be  destroyed 
etc.  Dd, 

X  r*  rud  a  falling  or  fallen  mass,  as :  Kor^iid 
'  snow-slip,  avalanche,  ik^-rud  deluge, 
inundation,  flood  (by  the  rupture  of  an  em- 
bankment and  the  like),  sa^-rud  land-slide, 
descent  of  a  great  mass  of  earth;  rud-zam 
a  snow-bridge,  formed  by  avalanches. 
Xjyp^  rwi  -  Sw  prop,  n.,  a  district  in  the 
^    ^  south  of  Ld. 

xn*q*  rub'pa  to  rush  in  upon,  to  attack,  as- 
sault, pyag  iabs  kun-nas  rub -rub 
JiiS'te  rushing  in  upon  him  from  every  side 
in  order  to  touch  his  hands  and  feet  Mil, ; 
bzdn-la  rub -pa  to  pounce  on  the  prey,  to 
fall  upon  the  food  Glr, ;  *do-rub  tdn-fe  sdd- 
b^  W,  to  kill  with  stones,  to  stone ;  *^og- 
cig-la  rub'pa*  W.  to  press  or  crowd  together 
towards  one  «ide;  Ha-^b  by^d-pa  to  out- 
cry, to  bear  down  by  a  louder  crying  MU.; 


^^o-ruA-rub  ^dug*  C,  *go-rub  tan  dug*  W. 
they  put  their  heads  together;  *hy>d  rub  son^ 
or  muTP-hc  rub  son*  W,  darkness  draws  on, 
night  is  setting  in,  for  which  in  C.  *sa  rub 
son*  is  said  to  be  used,  so  that  it  might  also 
be  translated  by  to  darken,  to  obscure. 

^q*5^  rub-^d  currant  W. 

X  «•  rum  1 .  womb,  uterus,  =  mnoL,  but  less 
frq.:  rum  mi  bde-ba  sensations  of  pain, 
during  pregnancy  DzL^  riim-du  J^tg-pa  to 
enter  into  the  womb.  —  2.  darkness,  ob- 
scurity, mikn-pai  rum  Glr.^  gen.  smag-rwm. 
—  3.  prop,  n.,  Turkey,  the  Ottoman  empire, 
the  site  of  which  is  but  vaguely  known  to 
the  Tibetans,  though  some  commodities  from 
thence  find  their  way  to  Lhasa;  riim-pa  a 
man  from  Turkey,  a  Turk;  rum-^am  (|»U;) 
Syria  Ci. 

xo^n'  ruUba  to  rot,  to  get  rotten,  to  become 
putaid,  to  turn  rancid  etc.,  rid -bar 
^gyiir-ba  £.,  *rul  cd-be*  W.  id. ;  ^o-ma  rul 
son  the  milk  is  spoiled,  Ka  rul  the  snow 
does  no  longer  bear,  *be  rvX^  W,  drift-sand, 
quicksand;  rul-skyur  'sour  by  putrefaction' 
Sch  ;  liil-dri  a  putrid  smell;  rid^po  for 
hrul'po  Cs.  —  Cf.  ^drul-ba, 
x%v  rus  l,y  W,  n^-pa,  lineage, family,  min 
dan  rus  ni  JU-Uar-ro  their  name  and 
lineage  are  such  and  such  Glr,;  *nar^an-ghi 
(or  norran  dhan)  r\^cig-pa  or  -dd-wa*C.B.y 
*rus-pa  big-bi^  W,  we  are  of  the  same  fa- 
mily; rus-ybig-pa  ysdd-pa  a  murderer  of 
persons  related  to  him  by  blood  Lex, ;  fu- 
mi  rus  Lex,:  Thvrmi^  a  family-name;  rtis 
m^d-ba  high  extraction,  rus  dmd-ba  low 
extraction  Cs,  —  2.  v.  the  next  article. 
xM-g*  rus-pa  (resp,ydun)  1.  bone,  ru8-^a^ 
fracture  of  a  bone  Med,;  rus  ^pai 
dum-bu  prob.  small  bones  of  which  the  Ti- 
betan anatomy  enumerates  360.  —  md-nis 
human  bone;  rkdn-rus  bone  of  the  foot; 
mgd-rus  bone  of  the  skull;  rus-pai  rgyan 
Mil,  a  decoration  of  terrifying  deities  and 
magicians,  consisting  of  human  bones  sus- 
pended from  the  girdle;  riis-pai  rgyan  drug 
Pih,^  the  like  ornament,  but  fastened  to  six 
different  parts  of  the  body,  the  top  of  the 


^'  re 


^'^fe*  re-ffr&n 


533 


head^  the  ears,  the  neck,  the  apper  arm,^ 
the  wrists,  and  the  feet;  rtts  Jbol-ba  men- 
tioned as  a  morbid  symptom  Ltf  —  2.  the 
stone  of  apricots  and  other  stone-fruits  C, 
W. ;  grape-stone  Wdh.  —  3.  energy,  snyin- 
gi  MU,^  gen.  wyih^rvA  q.v.  —  4.  v.  i^va 

Comp,  rm-hrdn  skeleton,  *ru8'tdn  fsdg- 
se*  W.  he  is  nothing  but  skin  and  bones.  — 
rm'Hu  LL  bone-broth(?). —  rus-grdg  Sch.:  a 
dry  bone  (?).  —  rus-bdud  LtJ  —  rus-ndd 
W.  caries.  -—  rus-bu  1.  small  bone.  2.  bones 
in  general  Dd.  —  ins-tidd^  rus-t%6d  Med.f 
—  ruB-hin  1.  Sch.  firmness,  perseverance, 
repentance.  2.  n.  of  a  part  of  the  body  (?) 
U 
X'  ^  1-  indefinite  num.  or  pron.,  single,  a 

single  one,  some  (persons),  something; 
one  to  each,  one  at  a  time,  re-r^  or  re  every, 
every  one,  every  body,  each,  rdn-la  bu  re 
midr-TUx  yid-^fam-'pa  re  ydn-gi  jiug,  des-na 
Kyid-la-au  bu  re  dgos  despair  comes  from 
having  no  son,  therefore  you,  too,  should 
have  a  son  Mil. ;  yud  re  for  a  moment,  = 
yud  tsam  Thgr. ;  Ian  re  Ian  ynyis  once  or 
twice  Mil.;  mi  brgya  re  tsam  ion  ^6g-j>a  (a 
horse)  sufficiently  (large)  for  being  mounted 
by  about  a  hundred  men  Glr. ;  lo  re  tsam 
ma-yfdgs  with  the  exception  of  one  year 
about  Glr.;  raa-gos-rkydh  re  a  single  cotton 
garment  Mil. ;  cos-^brd  re  a  small  amount 
of  spiritual  instruction  Mil.;  W.:  *bcd  re* 
some  wool,  *H-gu  re*  some  paper  (=  zig), 
*ku'ki  re^  some  apples;  bcu-la  pur-pa  re 
ftdd-nas  handing  to  each  of  the  ten  ^pur-pa 
Ptk;  Idg-na  d&h-tee  re-ri  yod  in  each  of 
his  hands  there  was  a  gold-coin  Dzl. ;  nyin 
ri'la  sSmS'dan  /cri  re  bsad  Glr.  he  slaugh- 
tered every  day  10000  Uving  beings,  ra 
Iha  Ina  bsad  five  goats  (every  day) ;  mi  res 
lug  re  bsad  each  man  killed  one  sheep  Glr. ; 
in  a  somewhat  different  sense:  *lo  ri-ne  h 
re  cim^e  yod*  W.  they  grow  smaller  ifrom 
year  to  year ;  nyuh  re  little  at  a  time  Glr. ; 
re-re  ynyis-ynyis  one  and  all,  one  with  an- 
other, indiscriminately  MU.^  re-re-bUn-gyi 
mgo  every  single  person's  head  Tar.\  re  zig 
somebody,  something;  some  (persons), a  little; 
(with  or  without  dtis)  a  little  while,  re  iig 


sdod  wait  a  little!  DzL;  re  zig  Hg*na  after 
a  little  while,  Bhar.  37 ;  once,  one  day,  one 
time,  at  a  future  time,  also  dus  re  zig-^  fse 
Pth  —  2.  mutual,  reciprocal  (in  this  sense 
it  is  perh.  to  be  spelled  res^  though  it  is  cer- 
tainly cognate  to  re)^  dpon  slob  re  J^an  Jyyun 
Mil.  there  arises  mutual  discord  between 
teachers  and  disciples  Mil. ;  different,  differ- 
ing? rd-Ua-bu  'of  a  different  kind  or  na- 
ture' Sch.  —  3.  sbst.  a.  the  wooden  parts 
of  a  door,  re  bhi  the  four  parts  of  a  door- 
frame, yd'-re  the  head-piece,  the  lintel,  ma- 
re the  sill  or  threshold  (=  yd-tem  and  wid- 
fern)^  ^yd-re  md-re  dal  ton*  W.  pull  it  down 
entirely!  logs-^4  the  side  posts  (C.  sgo-ru). 
b.  V.  re-mos  and  retL.  — *4.  In  such  forms 
as  mdr-ra-re^  mdis-sa^e^  gyur-ta-re  {Dzl. 
VL,  1.  9^y  9.  9Q9,  2)  it  may  be  rendered 
by  an  adverb,  as:  certainly,  undoubtedly. 
— -  5.  vb.,  V.  rM-pa  and  rd-ba.  —  6.  par- 
ticle, mostly  put  between  two  closely  con- 
nected words:  nyams-^e-^d^  bh^e-bdAGlr., 
^o-re  brgydly  skyug^e-log,  ie-re-^igSy  yi- 
re-mug,  don-re-cuny  snyin-re-i^S  (this  last 
very  frq.),  without  essentially  modifying 
the  signification,  yet  only  used  in  emphatic 
speech.  —  7.  num.  for  drug-du  in  the  ab- 
breviated forms  of  the  numbers  61  to  69.  — 
8.  num.  figure:  115. 

^•gt»«  re-skdn  (etymology?),  ace.  to  the 
^^  passages  which  came  to  my  know- 
ledge a  strong  negative  (like  ov  ^r^^  by  nO 
means,  never,  yon  re  -  skan  Mil.  frq.,  that 
can  never  happen,  that  is  absolutely  im- 
possible (parallel  to  yon  rrd  srid);  fsim-par 
^gyur  re-skdn  they  never  can  be  satisfied 
with  it  Tar. 

^'S^T  re-skdn  n.  of  a  bitter  medicinal  herb. 
^•pr  re-Kd  Sch.  a  picture,  painting. 

^'Q^TOT  re-Jcdn  v.  re-ia. 

^Qrq^  re-Jidn  Sch. :  re-Jidn  Jbyun-ba  to 
'        be  not  too  much  (?). 

^''Tl^'  re-gwv  v.  ri-ba  sbst. 
^•Sfik'  re-gr&n  addition,  increase. 


1'" 


^•-l^l^q'  re-lddgs-pa 

^•arorcr  or  ^^'^S^W^  re-lidgs-pa  or 

Med.,  a  mezereon  with  white  blossoms  in  the 
South-Himalaya,  of  which  paper  is  made. 

^^  rS'to  pompkin  Kun, 

^^^^^'  re-dogs  v.  ri^ba,  vb. 

^W  r^-&K  V.  r^-6a  sbst 

^'^$r  r^-sndm  v.  r^-ia  sbst 

^•Q;5jCTOf  ^^'oP<^Sf^  prop,  n.,  Triloknath,  a 
'  much  frequented  place  of  pil- 
grimage in  Chamba,  with  a  famous  image 
and  sanctuary  of  Avalokiteh>ara. 
^•«-  rS'ba  Cs.  sbSt.,  also  rd-boy  ace.  to  some 
sbrd'bOy  W,  ^resnam^y  Cs.  sack-cloth, 
a  kind  of  cloth  of  yak's-hair,  a  tent-cloth 
(also  re-ldd  and  re-ydl  Cs.)]  re-gur  a  tent 
of  such  cloth. 

^•q-  rS'ba  L  vb.,  1.  to  hope,  faim-ddd  mfdn- 
du  reo  all  hoped  to  see  Dzl;  dd-la 
^dn-du  ri-nas  hoping  it  might  be  good  for 
it  Mil, ;  su-la  re  in  whom  should  they  place 
their  hope,  in  whom  should  they  trust?  hn 
ydd-du  r4-la  whilst  you  are  hoping  still  to 
have  time  (enough)  Mil.;  ri-Hn  Itds-pa  to 
look  up  full  of  hope  Glr,  —  2.  to  wish,  v. 
II.  —  3.  to  beg,  to  ask  alms,  to  go  a  beg- 
ging, for  victuals,  ^Ko  rd-a-la  yon*  W,  he 
comes  to  beg. 

II.  ^rnrr  sbst.  hope;  wish,  frq.,  r^'ba 
skdn-^ba^  re-ba  sgrub-pa  to  fulfil  a  hope; 
myid-pa,  fobpa  to  get  it  fulfilled,  to  obtain 
what  one  has  hoped  for,  rd-ba  Itar  ^yur 
it  goes  to  one's  wish,  as  well  as  one  could 
wish;  ri'ba  dan  Iddn-pa  hoping,  full  of 
hope,  re-ba  mid-pa  hopeless,  despairing. 

Comp.  re-fdg  v.  fag-pa.  —  re-dogs  hope 
and  fear,  re-ddgs  med  being  without  hope 
and  without  fear  (the  principal  aim  and 
prerogative  of  ascetics)  Mil.  —  ri-(bai) 
ynas  Cs.:  room  for  hope;  prob.  also  =  r<f- 
sa  the  person  or  thing  whereon  one's  hopes 
are  placed  6".,  W. 

^'S^?!'    ^^'^5^  ri-^nosy  rds-mos  turn,  se- 

'  pies,  or  more  accurately : 

the  order  or  change  of  the  series,  nidrla 


^qj-q*  rig^pa 

sdug-pai  ri-mos  bob  then  misfortune  came 
to  be  our  turn  3ftZ.;  re-mos-su  Pth.y  ^ri-mos 
b6s'la*  Ld.  by  turns,  alternately,  e.g.  to 
strike  one's  breast  with  the  hands;  ^rimos 
ri-mos*  W.  by  degrees,  gradually;  re-mdns 
id.  Ma. 

^mT  ^^"^  ^*  ^^  ^• 

^•^Pf  re^dl  n.  of  a  medicine  Med. 

^•x'  (X^xr')\'^^'''^  (ras^ruf)   W.  the 
spread-  or  warp  -  beam  of 
a  loom. 

^'?f  ri^a  V.  rS-ba. 

P^r  reg  1.  Sch.:  reg-yzig-pa  'notes  taken 
'  down,  and  extracts  made,  during  a 
course  of  study'. — 2.  v.  the  following  article. 
Joth'  ^^ff'PO'  I.  vb.,  1.  (  W.  *rdg--ce  =  nyug- 
'  d^,  the  latter  being  more  in  use) 
to  touch,  to  come  in  contact  with,  Idg-pa 
sd'la  gar  rig-par  where  his  hands  touched 
the  ground  2)2:Z.;  rluh  ydl-ga-larig-na  when 
the  wind  touches  the  branches  DzL\  Kd- 
reg-pa  cdat. :  to  eat,  to  taste,  to  take,  dug- 
la-lcd-reg  ri-ba  yod  in  taking  poison  Aere 
is  hope,  (viz.  so  bad  are  the  times)  Ma.] 
*fsd'big  hal  rag  dzod  ovidUla  ra^  W.  please, 
taste  a  little  of  it!  sd-la  Kru  gah  tsam-gyit 
ma  rig-par  J)y6nrpa  to  walk  not  touching 
the  ground  by  an  ell,  i.e.  to  move  in  the 
air,  about  a  cubit  distant  from  the  ground 
Pth.;  rig-pa-medrpa  intangible,  unapproach- 
able, out  of  reach,  Glr.  —  2.  to  feel,  to 
perceive  Cs.f  —  II.  sbst.  reg  (prob.  only 
abbreviation  of  r6|)5r-6ya)  feeling,  touch,  sense 
of  feeling  S.g.  10,  5? 

Comp.  reg-dug  (^poison  that  has  entered 
the  body  by  contact')  5.^.  29,  is  said  to 
signify  now  in  C.  venereal  disease,  syphilis. 
—  rig-bya  1.  what  is  felt  or  may  befell 
anything  palpable  or  tangible,  reg-byami 
tsor  what  may  be  felt  is  felt  no  longer  TTiii. 
'2.  feeling,  sense  of  feeling,  pags-pa-reg-bya 
the  feeling  of  the  skin,  lus-po  pyii  rig-bya 
grdn-la  whilst  the  outside  of  the  body  ap- 
pears cold  to  the  touch,  rig-bya-rtsub  rough 
to  the  touch  Med.  —  rig-ma  Cs.  n.  of  a 
goddess. 


^C^'^'  ren-ba 


K 


535 


ro 


s^j^'B'  ren-ba^  pf.  ren%  to  be  stiff,  hard,  rigid, 
rmai  reh  dbyans  to  remove  the  hard 
parts,  of  a  wound  (to  clear,  to  cleanse) 
TTcfei.;  *ram  son*  W,  (the  blood)  has  coag- 
ulated, congealed,  also  of  a  dead  body :  it 
has  grown  stiff;  ^rdns-te  dad  dug^  W.  he 
makes  himself  stiff,  he  struggles  against; 
rkM-fa  solid  (opp.  to  liquid),  coagulated, 
stiff,  hard;  rem-'par  hyed-fa  to  make  hard 
or  stiff;  fig. :  stiffnecked,  obstinate,  unwilling. 
Do. 

^[^•q*  rih'hu  1.  pastil  for  fumigating  Lt^  v. 
^   spos,  —  2.  Sch.:  separate,  not  be- 
longing to  anything  else. 

^C?^'  ^^^  sometimes  for  ram^  v.  ntjivHrens^ 
tokens, 

\zf^'^  rens'po  Sch.  alone,  single. 

^ff -q-  ridnpa  1 .  to  b^j=ym-pa^  in  Sp.  and  C, 
'  rarely  in  B.;  also  r^-pa  (r^-ba)  is  met 
with;  Myed  jh/ugs-rdzi  ma  red  rdo^e-sems' 
dpar  snan  you  are  not  a  herdsman,  no,  you 
are  Vajrasattva  (viz.  a  deity)!  Pth.;  *^an 
yg^-pa  re"  mi -pa  ri*f  is  there  any  beer 
here  or  not?  C.  —  2.  Cs. ;  to  be  ready,  red 
mda  a  ready  arrow  Cs.;  red  dan  ma  red 
rma  a  healed  wound  and  one  not  yet  heal- 
ed (?)  Sch.  —  3.  to  be  withered  Ts. 

^q-^q'jFj-  reb-rib-pa  Sch.:  to  be  in  a  great 
haste  or  hurry,  to  be  very  zealous, 
W, :  *reb  log  dd-te*  to  do  something  wicked 
again  and  again. 

^^rcr  ^^^'^^  ^^-  *^°^  *^J*  (^  ^^)  strong, 
vigorous,  durable,  sound,  hearty, 
of  men  and  animals,  *remrpa  son*  W.  now 
I  feel  strong  again;  ^gydg-pa^dul-be-la 
rim-fa  bo!*  W.  exert  yourself  to  walk  fast! 
?()8  spyod  rem  show  your  ability,  in  per- 
forming ceremonies  or  incantations  Mil.; 
rim-Hg  rhn-big  Jlri-tsogS'maTns  be  strong, 
ye  hobgoblins,  show  your  power;  do  your 
best!  (ironically)  Mil. 

5q-  reu  Mil.  prob.  panel  or  square,  of  a 
^   wainscoted  wall,  of  a  chessboard  etc. ; 
re{u)-mig  id. 

5;^  rer  termin.  of  r^,  to  each  individually; 
...  a  piece. 


J^r  ^^^  1-  ^°^^-  ^f  '^^'  ~  2.  change,  turn, 
time,  times,  da  ned  byidrpai  rSs-la  bab- 
ste  it  being  now  our  turn  of  acting  Dzl. ; 
^di-rin  hir-ri  Koiyod*  W.  to-day  it  is  his  turn 
to  irrigate  (the  field);  res  byid-^am^  verbal 
root,  to  do  a  thing  by  turns  with  another 
person,  lidh-laJkLn'Tis  6y^d-pa,  resp. :  skdms- 
la  ysoJrrh  mdzad-pa  to  vie  with  one  another 
in  drinking  beer  Glr. ;  skyes  JbuUr^  byid^ 
pa  to  send  mutual  presents  to  one  another 
Glr.;  res  ^dg-pa  to  change  Sch.;  ris-kyis 
relieving  one  another  (in  service),  doing  (a 
thing)  alternately  or  by  turns,  e  g.  nydUla 
m^l'fse  byM-pa  to  sleep  and  to  keep  watch 
DzL;  res  is  also  used  as  an  adv.:  i.  res  ^e 
res  (hin  now  great,  now  small,  or  partly 
great,  partly  small;  res  yod  res  med  at  one 
time  it  is  there,  at  another  not  Cs.  2.  at 
a  time,  every  time,  distributively;  res  fye 
fur-m^o  re  tsam  ^gams  I  always  take  the 
tip  of  a  spoon  full  of  meal  at  a  time  MU.; 
res  ydig  once,  once  upon  a  time  Tar.^  res 
^a  sometimes,  res. . .  res  now  —  now,  at 
one  time  —  at  another,  frq.;  *lu^^  W.  a 
change  of  singing,  an  alternative  song;  r^- 
Tnos  V.  re-mos;  res-yzd  a  changing  (wander- 
ing) star,  a  planet  Ci.;  res-^^grogs-zla-skdr 
the  stars  with  which  the  moon  is  successively 
in  conjunction  Sch. 

^^T'n  ris-po  old,  V.  bgre^a. 

3(^  ro  I.  sbst  taste,  flavour,  savour,  Ka-ro  id. ; 
ro-myon-baio  taste;  six  different  kinds 
of  taste  are  distinguished:  mndr-ba  sweet, 
skyur-ba  sour,  Idrp-fswa-ba  salt,  Afa-6a  bitter, 
fsd-ba  acrid,  bskd-ba  astringent,  and  the  me- 
dicines accordingly  are  also  divided  into  six 
classes;  ro  brgya  dan  Idan-pa  of  a  hundred- 
fold taste,  i.e.  of  the  most  exquisite  and 
manifold  flavour,  frq.  —  II.  sbst.  1.  also  rd~ 
maf  resp.:  ^mr^  dead  body,  corpse,  carcass, 
mi^o  a  dead  man,  rfd-ro  dead  horse,  ^nn- 
bui  ro  dead  insects  Dzl ;  ro  srig-pa  to  bum 
a  corpse.  —  2.  body,  v.  comp.  —  3.  residue, 
remains,  sediment,  tsdg^o  (or  Jsdg-ro)  that 
which  remains  in  a  sieve  or  filter,  impuri- 
ties, husks  etc.,  jd-^^o  tea-leaves  in  a  tea- 
pot, fsil-ro  the  remains  of  bacon  after  having 


o> 


Cn 


536 


^s^  ^    ro-nye 


been  firied,  greaves;  gdUro^  rdd-^o^  sd-ro 
rubbish ;  skud^o  the  ends  of  threads  in  a 
seam ;  v.  also  ro-td. 

Comp.  ro-Udh,  col.  ^rom-'UarC^  place  for 
baming  or  burying  the  dead,  a  favourite 
spot  for  conjurations  and  sorceries.  —  to- 
grib  defilement  by  contact  with  dead  bodies. 
—  rorgydjb  back,  back  part  Lt  —  ro^sgdm 
coffin.  —  ro-tdLd.  (=  roll,  3)  residue;  *ran'' 
m  rcHto*  wax;  *stg-pe  ro-td*  ruins  of  walls. 
— ro-stod  the  upper  part  of  the  human  body, 
chest  and  back  Stg, ;  esp.  back  Mil.  —  ro- 
d&m  fees  given  to  the  Lamas  for  performing 
the  burial  or  cremation  ceremonies  Mil.  — 
rO'bug  Sch.  grave,  tomb.  —  ro-mydgs  v. 
myags  —  ro-wndd  the  lower  part  of  the 
body  Med.^  ro-smdd  sbrul-^u  JhfiUba  the 
lower  part  of  the  body  like  a  winding  serpent 
Wdk.  —  ro-rds  cloth  of  cotton  for  wrapping 
up  a  dead  body  before  cremation;  upon  it 
incantations  are  frequently  written  against 
demons  and  malignant  spirits  Pth.  —  ro- 
^^*  =  ^Tinr  (evil)  spirit,  or  goblin  that  oc- 
cupies a  dead  body  (  PTitt.)  Tar.  158.  —  ro- 
kin  wood  for  burning  a  dead  body. 

5^  ft*  r(M%y4  Stg.  —  ra-nyS^  ia-nyi  lead. 

STtw*  ^^-^wa  1 .  sometimes  for  ro  Cs.,  Schr. 
—  2.  V.  ri»a  I. 

5!;^'  2(t^^'^^"^^>  rd-Z'toa  sexual  in- 
'  '  stinct,  carnal  desire,  lust  J^<?c{., 
rd^tea  skyid-^pa  to  excite,  to  increase  the 
carnal  appetite  by  medicine  C^.;  also:  to  feel 
it;  ro^fsa-ba  1.  voluptuous,  sensual,  lustful 
Mil,  2.  exciting  or  animating  the  sexual  in- 
stinct Wdn. 
SJJnrJf  ^og-po  1.  C.  black,  cf.  bya-  and  po- 

'  rog. — 2.  W.^rdg-pa  reddish,  yeliow- 
ish-brown,  of  rocks.  —  rdg-ge-ba  shining 
dimly;  icU  ^dzum-ndg  rdg-ge-ba  with  a  face 
glowing  gloomily  as  it  were  Mil.nt.  —  rog- 
rdg  i.e. jet-black.  2. *dark-grey' Sch.y prob. 
=  rdg-po  2.  —  3.  rogue,  villain  Cs.  (a  man 
of  dark  deeds?). 
5^CH«f-  rogSy  vulgar  pronunciation  oigrogs^ 

^  friend,  companion,  associate,  assistant 
V.  grogs;  rogs-mid  y dig-pa  quite  alone  Pth.\ 
*rog-rdmbd'de*  W.  —  ra-mda  byed-^a ;  ^rdgs- 


^q-  rdl-ba 

po*  Ld.  adulterer,  ^rdg-po  bd-b^  (of  a  hus- 
band) and  *  rdg -mo  bd-ce*  (of  a  wife)  to 
commit  adultery. 

3!;^'  roh  narrow  passage,  defile,  cleft  in^  bill, 
also  valley^  brag-rdn  dell  or  chasm  be- 
tween rocks,  ravine,  fow-rfew6  arough  country 
full  of  ravines,  so  Tibet  is  called  Glr. ;  rdn- 
yul  id.;  rdh-mi^  rdh-^rta^  rdn-Uah  a  man 
coming  from,  a  horse  bred  in,  a  willow  grow- 
ing in  such  a  country.  ^  ^'^^^^SZ^  T 
5!^'  rod  pride,  haughtiness  Ts. 

Xirsv    Xkfi^  rdd'pa^  rod^po  stiff,  unable 
^     '      ^       to  help  one's  self,  rdd-Vir 
ba  Sch.  id. ;  Ld.:  *rod-da-rodrd4*  of  decrepit 
or  sick  people. 

5(^rpC'  r&nv-Kah  W.  for  ro-llan. 

3(^if  r&m-po  W  (for  sbdm-po  C,  B.)  thtek, 
big,  stout,  of  men,  trees,  sticks;  mss- 
sive,  massy,  plump;  deep,  of  sounds,  opp.  to 
prdnmo.  —  rdm-yig  type,  types,  letters  used 
in  printing,  opp.  to  pra-yigy  v.  yi-ge. 
3(nv  '''ol  1.  side,  only  in  the  comp.:  ndn-rd 
inside,  pyi-rol  outside,  pd-roly  tsu-rd 
etc. ;  mdl-gyi  fyi-rol  the  outside  of  the  bed 
(e.g.  has  been  soiled)  Glr. ;  mostly  as  post- 
position :  ydm-pa-ban-gyi  ndn-^^ol-na  within 
the  town  of  Yan^a-ban;  ndri-rol-nas  Jml- 
ba  to  reach,  to  hand  from  within  Dd.;  cui 
pd-^oUnay  fsii-rolrna  (or  tsu^rd-iu)  on  the 
other  side  or  on  this  side  of  the  water;  yyair 
roly  yydn-rol  the  right  side,  the  left  side; 
also  in  a  looser  sense:  pyi-roUtu  bzun-ba 
to  look  upon  a  thing  as  externally  or  really 
existing  MU.;  often  pleon. :  sndn^ol-nas  be- 
fore, previ(iusly  Thgy.;  ^dg-rol-tu  for  ^/^ 
after  Pth.y  Tar.\  jii-nas  nyi-ma-mtb-kjii 
pydgs-roUna  to  the  west  from  here. — 2.  Sck: 
rol('tu)  bsdd-pato  destroy  completely,  to  kiU 
on  the  spot  (?). —  3.  (Cs,  also  roUmo)  furrow; 
rol  rmddr-pa  to  make  furrows,  to  plough. 
3^g«  rdl-^^ta  Sch. :  the  near  horse  in  a  team, 
^  the  right-hand  horse. 

2!pf  i^  rdUpa  =  sprid-pay  v.  rdl-ia  3. 

S(arn*  f'^l'h<^  1-  to  amuse  or  dhrert  one's  self 

(synon.  withrfe^-ia),  thus  one  of  the 
twelve  actions  of  a  Buddha  is  btmn-moij^- 


*\QJ'^'  rdUma 

da  rdl-ba  diverting  himself  with  his  wives; 
bdag-ydd  dan  rdl-ba  to  divert  one's  self  witJi 
a  married  woman  (sensu  obsc.)  Schr,;  in 
rgya-^et'-rdl-fa  (v.  sub  rgya),  and  in  rdl-pa 
hkdd-pa  (the  n.  of  a  certain  kind  of  con- 
templation Oyatch.)y  it  is  used  for  wflHT, 
playing.  —  2.  to  take,  taste,  eat,  drink,  sHn- 
mo  Rrdg-la  rdl-ba  witches  or  ogresses  revel- 
ing in  blood  Mil. ;  rdl-paistdbs'SU  bkuffs  there 
he  sits  with  greedy  mien.  —  3.  =  sprul-ba 
to  practice  sorcery,  to  cause  to  appear  by  magic 
power,  imdnfi-far  rdl-pa  =  mdm-par  spiiil- 
pa;  ye-hes  rdl-pai  Icyeu  Ina  Pth.  for:  yS-^es- 
kyisprul'pa  incarnations  of  the  divine  Wis- 
dom; rol-pai  mfso  prob.  enchanted  lake,  oc- 
curs in  the  description  of  the  Sumeru,  but 
DO  Lama  seemed  to  know  its  exact  meaning. 
—  4.  vulg.:  to  thrash,  to  cudgel. 
SforST  ^<^^-^«  !•  V.  rol  3.  —  2.  col.  for 

sgrdl-ma, 
JH^^rdl-mo  (cf.  rdl-ba  1).    1.  music,  rdl- 

mobyid-pa^  W,  *^d-c^*,  tomake  music, 
rdl-mo  spydd'pa  Sch.  id.  —  2.  musical  in- 
strument, =  rdl-moi  ^a-bydd  DzL^  rdl-la  Cs., 
in  W.  esp.  cymbal. 

X'  a^n J  xqr  ^^«  and  rUig  sometimes  for  bla 
^  '^  '  and  glags. 

§^^'  rldg-pa  v.  rldg-pa. 

xr^n*  ^Idns-pa  vapour,  steam,  Ua-rldns 
^  breath,  exhalation,  ^Ua-ldn  tdn-be* 
to  breathe,  to  exhale  W,;  *gan-ldn*  cloud- 
like snow-drifts  on  high  hills,  (hc-rldm  steam, 
watery  vapour;  rldm-hi  Jl^-pa  Schr,  to 
distil. 

XT-  rlan  1 .  moisture,  humidity,  rlan  spdn-ba 
^  '  to  avoid  the  wet  Med,^  rlan  sten  nydl- 
ba  to  sleep  in  the  wet  Lt  —  2.  a  liquid, 
rlan-rMnid,^  rlan-rUn  can  the  liquid  (called) 
beer  Lex.;  rldn-ban  moist,  wet,  humid,  e.g. 
a  country,  rlan-TrUd  dry.  Cf.  rl6n-pa,  brlan. 
xq/^-q-  rldb(s)-pa  Sch, :  'to  remove,  to 
^  clear  away'. 

xq^  rlabs  wave,  billow,  flood,  rgyd-mfsoi 
^  rlaba  Med, ;  cu-rldbs  and  dba-rldbs  or 
rba-rldbs  =  rlabs;  dus-rlabs  ebb  and  flood, 
tides  Stff, ;  rlabs  yyd-ba  or  Jcrug-pa  the  tumult 
of  the  waves  (s.\  rlabs-po^c^  ot  rlabs- iSM^ 


537 


^C  rlun 


Lex,:  9Tftf^9  *  large  wave  or  billow,  a 
rolling  swell  of  the  sea,  surf,  surge;  also 
fig. :  a  high  degree,  e.g.  of  diligence  Thgy. 
x^^n*  ^Idm-pa  V.  rldm-pa;  rlam-Uy^'  Sch, 
^         pride  (?). 

^OTq-  rlig-pa^  resp./8a/i-r%,  testicle, stone, 
^  '  Jbyin-pa^  ^pyid-pa^  W,  ^tdn-ce*  tO 
castrate^  emasculate  (a  man),  to  cut  or  geld 
(an  animal),  rlig-pyuh^  rlig-^d  castrated, 
emasculated,  rlig-ban  having  testicles,  rlig- 
^^^^r-pahaving  only  one  testicle;  rlig-bu^  rlig- 
hubs  scrotum;  rligskrdhs  swollen  testicles; 
rlig-iiugs Lt.^  rlig-blugs S,g.y  id.  (ace.  toCs,), 

^^  rlins  Sch,  good,  quick,  cf.  brlin-ba. 


I 


\^  rlid  Sch,  a  closed  leather-bag. 

j-w  rlid-buSch,:  'a  whole, alump  or  mass'; 


but  this  seems  not  applicable  in  the 
phrase  dud-^roi  rlidnbu  Lea, ,  and  other- 
wise it  is  not  known  to  me. 
xsn  ^•q*  rlug(8)'pa  I ,  Cs, :  'to  purge,  mnal 
^  '^  '^  rl'&gs-par  byid-pa  to  cause  an 
abortion,  r/t^s-fty^dpurging,  procuring  abor- 
tion; rlugs-ma  Sch,:  Hhe  casting  out,  eflFii- 
sion';  ace.  to  one  L^.  excretion  of  indigested 
food.  —  2.  Ts, :  to  overthrow,  to  pull  down, 
V.  lug-pa. 

xn'  rlun  -^j^  1.  W.  rlun-po  breeze,  wind, 
N3  rlun  Id-ma-la  reg  the  wind  touches  the 
leaves Z)^/.,  rlun-gisskyod (Aihing)  is  moved 
by  the  wind  DzL,  blown  away  by  the  wind 
Glr, ;  *lun  Ian*  C,  *lun-po  pu  dug*  W,y  the 
wind  blows,  also  for:  there  is  a  draught 
(here) ;  *lun-rag  mdn-po  yoh  dug*  W,  one 
feels  the  wind  (here)  very  much ;  rlun  cin- 
po  Mil,^  drdg-po  a  high  wind,  a  gale;  Mr- 
rlun  east- wind  etc.,  ^ar-rlun  rain  and  wind; 
skdm-i'lun  a  dry  wind  Cs,;  ^lun-po  ydb-ce* 
W,  to  fan;  ^og-lun  wind  (from  the  stomach), 
flatulence//^.;  fig.:  Ids-kyi  rluh-gis  d^d-de 
impelled  or  pushed  on  by  the  wind  of  ac- 
tions, i.e.  involved  in  the  consequences  of 
one's  actions;  and  in  a  similar  manner  in 
other  instances,  frq.  —  2.  air,  atmospheric 
air,  rltin-gyi  dkyil-Jior  atmosphere;  rlun-gi 
^prul-h'or  air-pump  Cs,,  rliih-gi  gru  air- 
balloon  Cs,  —  3.  in  physiology :  one  of  the 

34* 


538 


^' 


rlun 


^§' 


brla 


three  humours  of  the  body  (v.  nyds-pa)  sup- 
posed to  exist  in  nearly  all  the  parts  and 
organs  of  the  body,  circulating  in  veins  of 
its  own,  producing  the  arbitrary  and  the  in- 
voluntary motions,  and  causing  variousother 
physiological  phenomena.  When  deranged, 
it  is  the  cause  of  many  diseases,  esp.  of 
such  complaints  the  origin  and  seat  of  which 
is  not  known,  as  rheumatism,  nervous  affec- 
tions etc.  This  rluh  or  humour  is  divided 
into  five  species,  viz  :  srog-Jtzin  cause  of 
breathing,  gySn-rgyu  faculty  of  speaking, 
Jcyab-byid  cause  of  muscular  motion,  me- 
mnydm  of  digestion  and  assimilation,  fur- 
$41  of  excretion;  rlun-las  gywr-pa  yin  (the 
disease)  arises  from  rlun  Glr. ;  rluh-gis  bzuh- 
8te=rlun'ndd'k!/t&btdb-ste.  —  These  notions 
concerning  rlun  are  one  of  the  weakest  points 
of  Tibetan  physiology  and  pathology.  — 
4.  in  mysticism  rlun  ^dzin-pa  seems  to  be  = 
dbu^gs  bsgydn-ba^  and  to  denote  the  drawing 
in  and  holding  one's  breath  during  the  pro- 
cedure called  ^fM^-Tno  (q.  v.),  which  is  as 
much  as  to  prepare  one's  self  for  contem- 
plation, or  enter  into  a  state  of  ecstasy  MUr^ 
rlun  sims'la  dban  fob-pa  Mil.,,  frq.,  is  said 
to  imply  that  high  degree  of  mystical  ecstasy, 
when  rlun  and  sems  have  been  joined  into 
one;  he  who  has  attained  to  the  mgyogs- 
rlun  is  able  to  perform  extraordinary  things, 
e.g.  with  a  heavy  burden  on  his  back  he 
is  able  to  run  with  the  greatest  speed,  and 
the  like.  — 

Comp.  rlun-rta  the  airy  horse,  n.  of  little 
flags,  frequently  to  be  seen  waving  in  the 
wind  on  Tibetan  houses,  on  heaps  of  stones, 
bridges  etc.  The  figure  of  a  horse  which  to- 
gether with  various  prayers  is  printed  on 
these  flags  signifies  (ace.  to  Schl.  253)  the 
deity  rta-mSog.  Hue  also  mentions  super- 
stitious practices  that  may  be  called  rluh- 
rta,  —  rlun-mdd  Sck,  air-gun.  —  rluh-ndd 
disease  caused  by  rlun^  v.  above.  —  rlun-- 
dmdr,  rlun  ndg-po  prop,  dust-storm,  a  storm 
whirling  up  clouds  of  dust;  further:  storm, 
tempest  in  general,  also  a  gale  at  sea  Glr, 
and  elsewh.  —  rhm-fsub  whirlwind,  snow- 
storm Mil,  —  rlun-sems  v.  above,  rlun  4  — 


rluhsiTj  rlun-isSr-bu^  rlun  bstr^a^  a  violent 
wind  6*8. 

xq^  ^^^^  1  1^  ^•-  corner,  hole,  place  for 
^  hiding  a  thing;  Lea.:  Sun-but  rbik. 
—  2.  Sch,:  ditch,  pit,  pool,  abyss,  meirluh 
fire-pool. 

3^.q-  rUg-pcL,  pL  brlags,  fut.  brlag,  imp. 
^  '  rlog(s)^  brlag^  vb.  a.  to  Iddg-pa,  1. 
to  overthrow,  to  destroy;  fdl^bar  or  rddir(h 
rUg-pa  to  reduce  to  powder,  to  destroy 
entirely  Thgg.  and  elsewh.;  risa-bci-nas,  ot 
mdm-par,  to  annihilate,  e.g.  all  the  infidels 
Pth,,  to  break,  to  smash  e.  g.  a  vessel  C; 
to  lose  C,  *'d-ma  lag-son*  I  have  lost  my 
mother  C,  *Zifjf  Hg  lag  son*  one  sheep  has 
perished  C.  —  2.  fig.  to  pervert,  to  infatuate, 
nyis-pai  dri-mas  ydnssu  brldgs-te  quite  cor- 
rupted by  the  filth  of  sin  DzL;  Mn-mar 
^dzin-pai  bsdm-rlags-fso  those  infatuated  by 
thoughts  of  marriage  Glr,;  brldg-po  foonsh, 
stupid,  of  a  little  child  Thgy, 

Kt'  rlon  sometimes  erron.  for  klon  or  hn. 

w  rldn-pa  1. 1.  adj.  (Cs.  'moist')  W.  wet, 
fsan-rUn  quite  wet,  wet  througli: 
hence  of  meat,  vegetables  and  the  like,fre8li, 
green,  raw  B.  and  coL  —  2.  vb.,  pf.  and  fat 
brlan^  to  make  wet,  to  moisten,  cus^  car-pa^ 
Dzl. 

II.  Sch,:  to  answer, with  lan^  also  gldn-fOj 
Iddn-pa,  bldn-pa^  zUn-pa. 
Vq*g-  rlob-pa,  pf.  brlabs^  fut.  brlab^  imp. 
^  rtofo,  V.  byin, 

w  rldm-pa  I.  vb.,  pf.  brlams^  fut  brlam 
1.  to  be  proud  of,  to  glory  in,  to  bstst 
of,  with  termin.,  bder  rUm-pa  to  boast  of 
one's  good  fortune,  yHg-par  or  ybig-tu  rUm- 
pa  to  be  proud  of  the  identity  with  . . .  Tar. 
—  2.  to  love,  to  adhere  to,  to  be  attached  to 
W,,  to  strive  after,  yzdn-gyi  nor-la.  —  3.  to 
be  possessed,  of  demons,  yddn-gyis  brldms- 
pa  Lt,  —  n.  sbst.  pride,  bsags  kyan  rl6m- 
pas  Jcyer  if  perhaps  (any  merit)  has  been 
gathered,  it  is  taken  away  again  by  pride 
Mil,  —  Deriv.  rldm-po  a  boaster,  an  arro- 
gant person  Cs,;  rldm-sems  pride,  arrogance. 
?  Cs.)  brla  (-bo?)  the  thigh,  brla  nd- 
ba  a  pain  in  the  thigh  Do.,  brlayyas 


^§*(^; 


the  right  thigh  S/r.,  brla-rkdn  femoral  bone 
(Sch.:  hip-bone?).  ^brla-Kun*  groin  W.; 
hHorbar  Sch. :  junction  of  the  legs,  genitals; 
brla-rus  femoral  bone;  brla^hd  muscular 
part  of  the  thigh;  brla-sul  Cs.:  'side  of  the 
thigh'. 

^i§^^  ^^^9"?^  V.  rldg-pa, 

qx^'gP  f^rldn  -  po  Lea.  and  Sch.  abusive 


Oi 


539 


word,  invective,  abusive  language 

(Sch.  also:  'rude  fellow,  brute'?),  rfijuft- 
brldn-ba  ma  yin-pa  refraining  from  abusive 
language  Thgy.\  brldn-po-mams  by^d-pa 
to  make  use  of  such  language  Stg. ;  brlan- 
spydd  byid'pa  to  be  coarse,  churlish  Sch. 


or  la 


^^J^'^'  brldb-pa  v.  rUb^a. 

^iSJ'CJ'  brldm-pa  v.  rldrn^a. 

q£j^-n*  brlih'ba  C.  firm,  secure,  safe  (^Sch. : 
^^       quick?),  b^iin-po  id.,  both  of  men 

and  things,  *lin-ffhyi  jhe-la  Kur*  C.  carry  it 

safely,  carefully!  brUn-ldg  Sch.:  confused, 

disorderly,  not  to  be  trusted. 

qxqrn'  brlug-pa  Sch. :  =»  mdzd-bo  friend, 
N9  assistant, helper;  one L^i^. explains 

bld-brltiff  by  ffroffs. 

Rf^^'  brhcbs  v.  rlubs. 


f^ 


Oi  la  I.  the  letter  1.  —  2.  numeral:  26. 

Qj<  la  I.  sbst.  mountain  pass,  road  or  passage 
over  a  mountain,  laigi/enihe  up-hill  road 
or  ascent  of  a  mountain,  lai  fur  the  down- 
hill road  or  descent  Cs. ;  la  rgdl-ba  J?.,  C. 
{W.:^gydb-l^)  to  cross  a  mountain  pass; 
Id-la  ^grd-ba  Cs.  id. 

Comp.  la-rk^d  or  skdd  the  declivity  or 
slope  of  a  mountain  pass.  —  la-/cd  the  high- 
est point  of  the  pass,  la-mgd  the  head,  or 
top,  of  a  mountain  pass.  —  la- sgdj  Sch. : 
'turnpike  of  a  pass'.  —  la-ycdn-pa  a  collec- 
tor of  duties  on  a  ghat  or  pass  Cs.  —  Ui'l^n 
a  small  pass  Glr.  —  la-mjug  =  la-rfsa. 
la-stdn  V.  stdn-pa.  —  la-fdg  =  la-rts^.  —  la- 
rfsd  (  W.  ^lar-sa*)  foot  of  a  mountain  pass 
la^tsd  (W.  Har-si*)  top  of  it.  —  la-Mn 
Sch.:  =  la-rk^d. 

II.  sbst.,  also  Id-ba,  wax-light,  wax-candle, 
taper,  from  the  Chinese  Idh  wax,  C. 

III.  In  compounds  for  la-pug  and  la-^a. 

IV.  postpos.  c.  ace.  1.  denoting  local 
relations  in  quite  a  general  sense,  in  answer 


to  the  questions  where  and  whither:  sd4a 
^^-ba  to  roll  (one's  body)  on  the  ground, 
sd'la  ^ffrilrba  to  fall  down  on  the  ground, 
ndmr-mka-la  Qpdg-pa  to  rise  to  heaven,  naTTi- 
mka-la  ^purba  to  fly  in  the  air,  m^-la  at, 
on,  in,  to,  the  fire,  ri-la  on,  to,  the  moun- 
tain, ?w-Za  in,  into,  to,  on,  the  water,  hdr-la 
to,  towards  the  east,  eastward  (e.g.  to  look), 
bdd-la  in,  to,  Tibet;  also  where  we  should 
say:  from,  as:  /nam -la  Ud-ba  Jbab  snow 
falls  from  heaven,  rtd-la  Jbab  he  alights 
from  his  horse,  brdg-la  m^ons  he  leaps  down 
from  the  rock  DzL,  hus-la  Mrag  Jbyin-pa  to 
draw  blood  from  the  body  by  scratching. 
This  latter  use  of  la  occurs  so  frequently, 
that  it  cannot  always  be  looked  upon  as  a 
misspelling  for  fow,  though  this  would  be 
the  more  exact  word.  —  2.  with  reference 
to  time:  hag  ysum-pa-la  on  the  third  day, 
lo  nyv-hitr^a-la  in  the  twentieth  or  during 
the  twentieth  year,  zld-ba  ysdm-la  (finish  it) 
within  three  months  (rZr.,  pyag  ddn-po-la 
at,  during,  the  first  obeisance  Olr.  —  3.  in 
other  bearings :  di-la  rtdn-ruu  (prop,  relying 


ft. 


V^ 


■  a- 


/ ,  • 


540 


OJ-  la 


♦^  iv- .  ^'  w^''*^^ 


on,  keeping  to)  relative  to,  with  respect  to, 
in  consequence  of;  also  d^-la^  without  rUn- 
nas  id.;  with  verbs  expressing  feelings  of 
the  mind :  at,  off,  concerning  etc.,  d^-la  dgd- 
sfeglad  of,  rejoicing  at  it ;  sdig-pa-la^dzem-pa 
to  be  afraid  of  sin ;  ma  byuh-ba  ^di-laydams- 
nag  ysdl-to  he  asked  advice  with  respect  to  this 
not  having  been  done  Mil ;  In  introducing 
a  new  subject:  rgydl^sa  me-nydg-la  s&i^-bai 
h^^gyiis-la  now,  as  to  the  fact  of  the  suprem- 
acy having  been  transferred  to  Tan-gud^ 
it . . .  Glr.\  in  headings  of  chapters  etc.,  e.g. 
glin  bhii  rrdh-la  names  of  the  four  parts  of 
the  globe  Trig. ;  ce-cun-gi  fsad-la  with  re- 
spect to  size  Olr. ;  bre-sran-la  yyo  mi  byid- 
pa  not  to  cheat  by  measure  aod  weight  GZr.; 
for  the  Latin  erga  and  conti^a^  as:  dgra-la 
rgol'ba  tjo  struggle  against  or  with  an  enemy; 
bu'la  snyin-brtse-nas  from  love  to  her  son; 
nad'Stobs-kyi  ce-cun-la  dpdg-pa  to  pro- 
portion (the  medicines)  to  the  degree  of 
the  illness  L^.;  shdr-gyi  rgyun-la  in  com- 
parison with  the  former  time  Tai\\  rgydl-poi 
fags-r^e-la  by,  or  according  to  the  king's 
favour;  nai  lugs-la  by  my  way  of  proceed- 
ing, according  to  my  system  Mil,;  zdbs-jtyi' 
la  (to  go  with  a  person)  as  a  companion. 

—  4.  most  frq.  la  is  used  as  sign  of  the  dat. 
case,  col.  also  of  the  accus.  following  a  vb.  a. 

—  5.  in  all  the  relations  mentioned  above, 
la  is  added  to  the  inf.,  partic.  and  root  of 
a  vb.,  wherever  the  verb  will  at  all  admit 
of  it,  and  besides  it  is  used  as  gerundial 
particle  in  a  similar  sense  as  ^:  a.  after  the 
inf.  (only  in  JB.) :  Uia-^rten  zig  yod-pa-la  as 
there  was  in  that  place  an  idol-shrine  DzL ; 
often  also  to  be  translated  by  although,  b. 
added  to  the  root  (JS.  and  col.):  mfdn-la  7na 
btags  (though)  having  seen  it,  yet  he  did 
not  fasten  it  DzL;  col.  esp.  when  the  root  is 
doubled,  for  while,  whilst:  *ne  sa  tub-tub-la 
kyod  Hh  Mur*  fetch  thou  wood,  whilst  I  am 
cutting  the  meat  into  pieces  W. ;  in  C,  and 
B.  =  bin^  also  added  to  adjectives,  Izls  mi- 
sdug-Hn  fun-la  dbyans  snydn-^a  ugly  as  to 
his  body  (and)  of  small  stature,  (but)  hav- 
ing a  fine  voice  DzL]  in  sentences  contain- 


iug  an  imp.  it  is  added  to  the  root  of  it: 

^dg-la  lt08  Hg  come  and  look! 

Q|*ig«^  la-liyi-mo  W.  the  moiintain-weasel; 

^       =  sre-monf 
Oi'Si  ^"^ffy^  Sch,:  government,  adminis- 

^  tration  (?). 
0vr'  la-cd  sealing-wax,  Wdn,;  *la-kyir*  W. 
balls  of  sealing-wax,^  with  a<  hole  for 
stringing  them,  used  like  our  sticks  of  seal- 
ing-wax; la-fig  drops  of  sealing-wax;  ia-% 
rgydg-pa  to  drop  melted  sealing-wax  upon 
(a  person),  as  a  torture. 
Qi'Ar'  la-nyun  Glr,,  either  a  sort  of  turnip, 

4>     or  (more  prob.)  for  Id-jmg  dan  nyttn- 
ma  radish  and  turnip. 

Ojy  la-ny^  ScL:  ^a  mark'  (?). 

Qvzr  la-td  Hind,  ^l^?  an  imported  material 
^   like  flax  or  a  sort  of  linen-cloth,  not 
in  general  use;  hence  in  many  parts  of  the 
country  unknown. 

QTzr  Qvar  oj'C'  l(^'-tUy  la-fUy  la-du^  prop. 
<s  >*'  >o  mr,  a  sort  of  pastry  of  In- 
dia, composed  of  suet,  coarse  meal,  sugar 
and  spices;  the  word  may  also  be  used  for 
our  gingerbread. 
^'^'  la-fig  V.  la-ca. 

OJ'^'  /a-f(W  turban  GZr. 

afi^ZTOf  l^^dwdgsy  also  mdr-ytUy  Ladig,  La- 
^  '  i6kj  province  in  the  valley  of  the 
Indus  between  mha-ris  and  B41ti,  inhabited 
by  Tibetans  and  formerly  belonging  to  Ti- 
bet, afterwards  an  independent  kingdom, 
but  recently  conquered  by  Gulab  Singh  of 
Eashmere  and  hindooized  as  much  as  pos- 
sible by  his  son  and  successor;  capital  Le. 

OJ-q-^    OJ-q-./mr  W-p«-^«  or  Id-pa-hag 
'^  '   '   Ci.  a  kind  of  upper  gar- 

ment without  a  girdle. 
Qj-gf  Id-po  buttermilk,  boiled,  but  not  yet 

dried  into  vermicelli  (ctir-ba), 
OJ'OTT  ^'fug  Tdiiish/ bod  Id-pug  the  com- 
^  '  mon  black  radish,  ni  f. ;  rgya  Id-pug 
a  red  species,  of  an  acidulous  taste.  The 
carrot  {Dau^cus  carota)  is  in  C.  also  col. 
called  la-^ug  s^-po.  —  la-bddr^  gen.  *lab- 


'^CTa  •  ^  ^- 


l      iJn^-    ^^ 


oj-q-  Id-ba 


Q|      L^:^~.d  J 


541 


q2T[(q-)  %(^a) 


dar*,  a  contrivance  for  grating  radishes, 
either  made  of  wood,  or  consisting  of  a 
qaartz-stone  with  a  crystallized,  rough  sur- 
face. 

q-q-  Id-ba  V.  la  II. 

aj'q*  OI'Ol'  ^^«-*«?  Iwd'wa,  SsL  'q^RT^, 
"^  '  ^5)  J^A^i^'^  woolen  blanket  or 
cloth ;  a  sort  of  deer ;  skrai  Iwd-ba  Stg.  frq. 
a  kind  of  woolen  cloth.  The  seat  of  Buddha 
is  often  a  slab  resembling  a  Iwd-ba  Do. 

^'$1'  la-ma  Sch. :  a  certain  herb. 

^'*I'^  la-ma-sTd  raspberry  Kun, 

CH'QX^  la-J^r  Cs,,  also  la-ffdr  Sch,^  quick, 
^      swift,  speedy,  Myod  ma  ^dug  ma  ^dug 
la-Jir  ^den Mil,  make  haste,  go  without  stop- 
ping (on  the  road). 

Qi-giqm-  la-ydgs  retribution,  punishments 
'  overtaking  a  sinner  during  this 
life  (cf.  lan-^ags)  C,  W, ;  ^la-ydg  fob  yin* 
that  will  come  home  to  you!  Sch.  has  la- 
yogs-pa  to  return,  to  come  back  (?). 
Qi'^-  la-r^  W.  a  sort  of  long-legged  and 
swift- moving  centiped,  frequent  in 
houses. 

QJ'QJ'  ^"^  ^'^  ^'  0^  ^^^^  ^  ^^  pronounced 
la-Id  in  Sp,y  but  Thgy,  sometimes  ac- 
centuates Id-la^  according  to  the  metre) 
some,  a  few ;  when  put  twice :  partly—  partly, 
what — what;  la-la  zig  also  as  a  singular: 
some  body,  some  one  DzL  W,  1. 
fjrQr^jc-  Id-la-pud  a  medicinal  herb ;  in  Lh. 
^  '  a  Bupleurum. 

fiT^  la-80  Sch.  list  (of  cloth),  seivage. 

^?r^^  la-sogs  V.  sogs. 

Qim»  ^,  also  db&n-lag,  dgdn-lagySch.:  little, 

'  not  much. 
opr/q'N  ldg{-pa)  1.  resp.  pyag,  hand,  arm, 

'  *ldg-pa  tdn'de*  W.  to  shake  bands, 

also  to  offer  one's  hand,  as  a  pledge  of  faith 
(for  C,  V.  mdzug-gu);  Idg pa-nas  ^u-ba  to 
take,  to  seize  by  the  hand  Dzl.\  lag-pai 
rgyab  or  bol  the  back  of  the  hand;  Idg-pai 
mdun  the  palm  of  the  hand  Cs. ;  Idg-tu  Un- 
pa  to  take  in  hand,  to  exercise,  to  practise, 


sgdm-pa  meditation  Mil.^  tsig-ddn  to  study 
and  practise  the  import  of  a  word,  to  live 
accordingly  Mil.^  metaph. :  vifso-ldg  arm  of 
the  sea,  gulf,  bay,  mfso-lag-Jbrel  narrow  sea, 
straits;  glin-ldg,  yul-ldg  tongue  of  land,  glin- 
lag-Jbrel  isthmus,  neck  of  land  C;  fig.  for 
power,  authority,  mii  Idg-tu  ^gro-ba  to  get 
into  a  person's  power,  to  be  at  his  mercy 
Thgy.^  Idg-nas  ^prog-pa  to  snatch  out  of  a 
persons  hand,  to  deliver  from  another's 
power  Glr.  —  2.  fore-paw;  also  paw  or  foot 
in  gen.,  e.g.  foot  of  a  cock  Olr.  —  3.  symb. 
num.:  2. 

Comp.  lag-kod  bundle,  bunch,  armful, 
sheaf  of  com  Ld.  (?).  —  lag-skdr  Ld. :  hand- 
mill.  —  lag-Uug  pouch,  hand-bag  iScAr.—  lag- 
Tngo  \.lag-mgo  tsam  like  afistGZr.,  or  ace.  to 
others :  both  hands  pat  together  in  the  shape 
of  a  globe  or  ball  2.  a  glove  with  only  a 
thumb,  a  mitten  C.  —  lag-grdm  leaning 
one's  head  on  the  hand  W.  —  lag-rgyugs 
railing.  —  lag-rgyun  accustomed  manner, 
use,  habit  Cs  —  lag-ndr  the  fore-arm  Wdn.  — 
Idg-ca  utensils,  tools,  implements;  object  car- 
ried in  the  hands,  e.g.  royal  insignia  at  a 
festival  procession  Glr.;  also  in  a  more  gen. 
sense,  like  dd-lagy  Jior-yydg  Idg-ca  da/i 
bcdS'pa  ton  zig  supply  servants  and  things 
(wanted  for  the  journey) !  Glr.  —  lag-cdg 
a  broken  hand,  a  lame  hand  Cs.,  Schr.  — 
*lag-cad*  W.  solemn  promise  by  shaking 
or  joining  hands.  —  lag-zyh  1.  impression, 
mark,  of  the  hand,  of  the  fingers.  2.  a  work 
which  immortalizes  a  person's  name,  lag- 
ryes  J6g-pa  to  leave  such  a  work  behind 
Glr.  —  lag-nyd^  one  Lex.  has;  lag-nyds  = 
st^'7n/can-med-par  Un-pa  to  take  what  is 
not  given,  hence  lag-nya  prob.  a  sbst. :  a 
grasp,  a  snatch.  —  *lag-nydr*  W.  for  lag- 
iiar.  —  lag -tig  (or  dig^)  travelling-bag, 
pouch  Lid.  —  lag-rtags  1 .  resp.  })yag-^rtdgs 
q.v.,  sign  or  mark  made  with  the  hand,  as 
a  seal  of  verification,  impressed  on  a  legal 
document,  but  often  only  with  the  finger 
dipped  in  ink.  2.  any  small  object,  e.g.  a 
needle,  which  the  deliverer  of  a  letter  has 
to  hand  over  together  with  the  letter;  pre- 
sent in  general?  —  lag-stdbs  Sch.  ==  lag- 


ic. 


r  ,• 


C. 


oc 


542 


(VP^q-  Idg^^a 


0^ 


CMCq'  Idh-ba 


len.  —  lof/^mfil  the  palm  of  the  hand.  — 
lag-dam  Mil.^  lag-ddTih-po  (I,  close-fisted, 
stingy,  niggardly.  —  lag-dar  Lea:.,  prob. 
the  same  as  Idb-ddr  (  W.coL)  grater. —  lag- 
ydvb  bracelet.  —  lag-hd^  Mil.,  6'.,  the  per- 
son that  pours  out  the  tea  at  a  tea-carousal. 

—  lag-^ddn  Cs.  a  vassal  or  subject  paying 
his  landlord  in  money  or  kind,  opp.  to  rkan- 
^6  who  performs  his  services  as  an  er- 
rand-goer or  a  porter.  —  lag  -  rdiim  Mil, 
having  a  mutilated  or  crippled  hand. —  lag- 
Iddn  having  a  hand  or  a  trunk,  hence  = 
elephant,  Cs.  —  lag-brdd  sign  or  signal  made 
by  the  hand,  beckoning.  —  lag-norrdd^je, 
lag-rddr  v.  rdd^e,  —  lag-na-yhon-fogs  Cs. 
^holding  a  basin  in  his  hand',  n.  of  a  deity. 

—  lag'Sndd  =  lag-tig.  —  lag-dp&n  work- 
master^  overseer,  esp.  builder  DzL^  Glr.  — 
lag-pyts  a  piece  of  cloth  for  wiping  the  hands, 
towel,  napkin.  ^-  lag-bubs  v.  Jmb-pa.  lag- 
b4r  walking-staff.  —  lag-mi  bail,  surety.  — 
lag-dmdr  C.  hangman.  —  lag-btsug  shoot, 
scion.  —  lag-tsigs  joint  of  the  hand,  wrist; 
elbow-joint  —  lag-yzunSy  W.  *lag-zum*^  ba- 
lustrade, banister,  railing.  —  Idg-yyog-pa 
companion,  assistant,  associate.  —  lag-ris 
the  lines  in  the  palm  of  the  hand  Sch.  — 
lag-Un,  resp.  yyag-Un,  Sch.  also  lag-stabs., 
practice,  practical  knowledge,  dexterity,  6s.: 
Z6s  -kyi  lag-Un  the  practice  of  religion, 
Krims-kyi  of  the  law,  rtsis-kyi  of  mathe- 
matics. —  lag-hubs  glove. 

opwrn*  ^j^«-p«5  resp.  and  eleg.  for  yin-pa 
'  and  ^yur-bttj  to  be;  Idgs-so  like 

ym,  as  answer  to  a  question:  so  it  is!  yes 
to  be  sure!  very  well!  at  your  service!  When 
a  Lama  asks  a  shepherd :  /cy^d-kyi  min  H 
yin  what  is  your  name?  the  latter  answers: 
N.  N.  byd-ba  lags  my  name,  if  you  please, 
is  N.N.,  and  asks  on  his  part:  bld-ma  Uyed 
H  skad  byd-ba  lags  what  may  be  the  name 
of  your  Reverence?  Mil.  —  de  Kyed  Idgs- 
sam  is  it  you,  Sir?  Pth.;  dge-slon  de  su  lags 
who  is  this  reverend  gentleman?  DzL;  H 
Uar  lags-pa  (for  gyur-pa)  ysol-pa  he  re- 
ported (to  Buddha)  what  had  happened, 
Dzl.;  bld-ma-la  bhugs-grogs  med-pa  lags- 
sam  Mil.  hns  your  Reverence  no  attendant? 


Itd'ba  m>a  Idgs-kyi  that  does  not  mean:  to 
behold,  but . .  .  Dzl.\  ^on-ba  bi  lags  Vhat 
is  it  that  this  comes  here?'  i.e.  how  does 
this  happen  to  come  here?  6/r.;  rje  H  lags 
what  is  that,  Sir?  (when  one  is  surprised 
at  any  thing  strange  or  unaccountable,  at 
an  unreasonable  demand  etc.,  also  when  we 
should  say:  God  forbid!)  (?/r. ;  yin  lags^ 
yda  lags,  yod  lags  there  is,  it  is  Glr. ;  zal- 
zds  ysol  Idgs-nas  when  we  shall  have  done 
dining  Dzl. ;  a  Lama  asks:  btsal-le  (=  btsd- 
lam)  have  you  looked  for  it?  and  the  dis- 
ciple answers:  btsal  lags  yes,  I  have!  MU.] 
in  addressing  a  person :  bld^ma  lags  (prop : 
you  that  are  a  Lama)  for  the  mere  voca- 
tive case,  c3  Ugev,  Mil.^  frq.  —  InW.  lags 
is  not  in  use  now  (cf.  however  le  3),  but  in 
C.  it  is  of  frq.  occurrence,  e.g.  in  Lhasa:  *to, 
Id-sOy  Id  yg\  Id  yin*  for:  yes,  Sir!  very  well, 
Sir!  *to?  Id-amf  Id-samf*  please?  what  did 
you  say? 

oppr^  Idgs-mo  W.  dean,  for  %«-pa. 

QTr-m-  lan-ka  Ceylon,  lan-ka-pur^  city  of 
'  the  Rakshasa  in  Ceylon,  which  island 
is  the  abode  of  these  beings,  according  to 
the  belief  of  many  people  in  Tibet  and 
northern  India  even  at  the  present  day; 
lan-kar  ysegs-pai  mdo  the  Sutra  Lankdva- 
Vtra  in  the  Kangyur. 

oiCvn^lCVC')  ^««(-^«)-^(-w^)  weak, 
^    ^  e.g.  from  hunger,  disease 
Ld. 

Qj-.--,  Ian- fail  Scopolia  praealta  Dan.y  a 
common  weed  with  pale  yellowish 
flowers  Med.]  in  LA.  aspeciesof  Hyoscyauius, 
of  frq.  occurrence,  seems  to  be  understood 
by  the  same  name. 

^-.— .  Idn-ba  (pro vine.  ldn-ba\  pf.  lanSy 
imp.  fow(s),  =5  Idan-ba,  L  to  rise,  tO 
get  up,  da  Ions  get  up  now!  ulso  with  ^or 
(pleon.);  lans-fe  sdod-pa  tO  stand,  Lt.  and 
col ;  to  arise,  e.g.  of  a  contest  W.,  C;  to 
go  away,  to  depart,  esp.  fig.,  of  the  night: 
nam  Idns-te  at  daybreak ;  to  COmo  forwardf 
to  step  forth,  from  among  the  crowd  Do. ; 
pyir  Idn-ba  to  recovor,  to  be  restored,  to 
grow  well,  to  come  to  one's  self,  after  a  faints 


01 


543 


ing  fit  Dzl.\  bstdn-pai me^^o  Idm-pa  yin  the 
dying  embers  of  religion  were  blown  into 
a  flame  again  Gk. ;  to  appear,  to  break  out, 
of  a  disease,  nad-lam-dus  when  a  disease 
is  in  its  first  beginnings  Lt  —  II»  lau-ba 
and  hn-ha^  pf.  Ions  to  come  up  to,  to  arrive 
at,  to  be  equal,  to  reach,  ^di  hn  son  with 
this  it  is  made  up,  that  will  do  C;  ^drM- 
gyis  ma  Ian  lit :  the  serving  up  (of  many 
dishes)  would  not  do,  i.e.  there  would  be 
no  end  of  serving  up  Mil, ;  grdns-kyis  Idn- 
ba  to  be  numerable  Mil.^  cf.  also  (fa  (init.) 
and  lyodrpa  (extr.). 

QT^y^  Idh-fso  youth,  youthful  ap:c,  dfii  Idn- 
tso-la  ma  cdgs-pas  not  falling  in  love 
with,  not  being  enticed  or  led  away  by  their 
youthful  appearance  GZr.,  Idn-fso  rgyds-pas 
grown  up  to  adolescence;  lan-fscn  dpal  ihQ 
charms  of  youth  Pthr^  Idrl-fso  mn-^moi  ydoh 
the  face  of  the  youthful  Srinmo  Glr, ;  lan- 
tso-^an  Cs.  adolescent,  young;  lari-fso-ma 
girl,  maiden  Sb, 

fJjr'lSkr'O'  idn^lin-ba  Sch.  to  be  in  a  con- 
fused whirling  motion  (v.  Ion- 
ton);  lah-mor-lin  Mil,  seems  to  be  a  word 
descriptive  of  the  rising  of  a  cloud,  of  the 
soaring  of  a  bird  of  prey,  sprin-dkdr  Ian- 

flJCwJt^'  lan-ldn  v.  lan-na-lon-ne. 

(jlj-.^gj-.  lan-^or  Cs,  stubbornness,  obstinacy, 
'  adj.  lan-hdi'-ban^  sometimes  Ian- 
I6r  (without  can)  seems  to  be  also  used  ad- 
jectively,  e.g.:  ^dre  Icyidrpas  Idn^^or  bdg- 
^ags  yin  Mil.  evil  passion  is  more  obstinate 
(i.e.  more  difficult  to  be  got  rid  of)  than  ye 
hobgoblins. 
o^trzy  lO'drpa  Cs,  weak,  faint,  exhausted,  of 

'  men  and  animals;  blunt,  dull,  of 
knives;  Sch.  also  rotten,  decayed. 
Qjr-^  Iddrmo  imitation,  Idd-mo  byM-pa  B , 
^  G,  *c0'ce*,  gyab'be*  W.,  to  imitate, 
to  mimic,  to  say  after,  sjndn-lam  ^di-skad 
bddg-gi  Idd-mo  gyis  say  after  me  the  follow- 
ing prayer  Thgr,]  n^drkyi  Idd-mo  Kyedrkyis 
mi  ^ofi  Mil,  you  cannot  imitate  me. 
OJ^r  ^^  (^rig.  perh. :  Hum',  hence) :  1.  time, 

'  times,  lan-ybig  1 .  once,  one  time.  2.  also 
dusAariryUg  Glr.  once,  one  day,  both  as  to 


^^(^^•TO^  Idn-kan 


the  past  and  the  future.  3.  once  for  all,  de- 
cidedly Glr,  4.  for  this  time,  first,  first  of 
all,  before  all,  *lan  Hg  U-ka  ^di  eg*  this 
work  must  be  done  first  of  all;  da-ldn  id.; 
Ian  ynyis  twice,  lan-bcu  ten  times  etc.;  Ian 
bdun  (nam)  ysum seyen  times  or  three  times, 
frq.  in  rules  about  ceremonies;  bsgdr-ba  Ian 
mdh-du  bydS'te  circumambulating  round  it 
many  times  Mil,]' Ian  grans  dpag-tu-mM- 
pa  innumerable  times  Thgy.;  W,:  *hi  Ian 
nyi  la  fsamper  how  many  are  2  times  4? 
bii  Ian  ynyis-la  brgyad  son  2  times  4  are  8. 
—  2.  return,  retribub'on,  retaliation,  Ian  byid- 
pa  {W,  *cd-de*%  Ian  Jdl-ba  to  return,  re- 
taliate, repay;  pdn-lan ynddrpas  or  Ugs-pai 
Ian  nySs^as  Jdl-ba  B.y  *p'(hnrpe  len-la  np'- 
pa  jM'pd^  C,y  *pdn-pe  Idn-la  ndd-pa  co- 
de* W.  to  return  evil  for  good;  *lan-z6  dd- 
ce  W,  to  show  gratefulness,  to  be  grateful; 
punishment, . . .  bbug^as  Ian  dug  that  is  the 
punishment  for  having  allowed...  Glr,;  Ian 
Un-pa^  W,:  *lan  kdr-ce^  tdn-ce^  dtcg-lan  JMn- 
h€*y\x)  take  vengeance,  to  revenge  one's  self; 
mig-la  mig-lan  s6-la  s6-lan  srdg-la  hrdg-lan 
eye  for  eye,  tooth  for  tooth,  life  for  life; 
dei  Idn-la  in  return  for  that;  lan-grdns  a 
number  of  retributions  Thgy,;  drin-lan  re- 
compense for  benefits  received,  requital  of 
a  good  action,  bzan-ldn  id.,  dei  bzdn-lan- 
du  as  an  acknowledgment  for  it  Glr, ;  hence 
han-lan  signifies:  taking  revenge  for  an  in- 
jury received,  returning  evil  for  evil,  not 
as  Cs,  gives :  bzah-lan  gratefulness,  nan-Ian 
ungratefulness  (?)  —  3.  answer,  reply,  /cyddr 
kyi  ysuh-ba  dei  Idn-du  as  answer  to  your 
majesty's  question  Glr,\  Ian  ^dibs-pa  frq., 
also  Jtibs^a^  kldn-pa,  Iddn-paDzl,^  W,  *z^- 
ce*  to  answer;  lanysdl-ba^  ku-ba  id.  in  an- 
swering to  the  questions  of  a  person  superior 
by  rank,  age  or  office, — lanmdzdd-pa  if  he, 
the  superior,  answers;  ytdm-lan  glu-yis  jal 
I  answer  to  the  speech  by  a  song  Mil.;  dns- 
lan  an  answer  to  a  question,  prin-lan  a 
reply  to  a  dispatch  received,  rtsdd-lan  Cs, 
a  defendant's  reply  (in  law),  yig-lan  answer 
to  a  letter. 

oi^m^  oi^mr^^*^^'  /aw-^an  railing, 
'   '  '^      '    '  '  fence, enclosure iS^.;L^.; 
==  pu-hc> 


544 


^(3r{^^  lan-skydr 


01 


QJ<3rS-^  ten-sfo/ar  W,  prob.  =  lan^  retribu- 
^  ^     tion,  return,  *de  lan-kydr  ^/in*  that 
IS  all  he  has  gained  by  it! 

ai(3r9^  l^'^yy^  Th^y^y  F^b.  =  lan-cags; 

'  ^  '  or  perh.  the  original  form  of  la- 
yogs? 

Qjar($^l5T  ^^'^^9^  mirfortune,  adversity,  ca- 
'  lamity,  as  a  supposed  punishment 
for  what  has  been  done  in  a  former  Hfe; 
every  unlucky  accident,  that  happens  to  a 
person  without  his  own  fault,  being  looked 
upon  as  a  retribution  for  former  crimes. 
Thus  lan-cags  denotes  about  what  Non-Bud- 
dhists would  call  destiny,  fate,  disaster. 
q^q-  Idn-bu  braid,  plait,  tress  of  hair  (Cs, 

'  ^    curl,  lock  of  hair?  Sch.  pigtail?)  Idn- 
bu  sU-ba  or  Ihi-ba  to  make  plaits,  to  plait 
the  hair;  lan-fsdr  ornaments,  worn  in  the 
hair  Mil, 
Qiy^-  Idn-fsuy  more  accurately  lahfsa  (ace. 

^  to  Hodgson  corrupted  from  XWl)  ^' 
of  a  style  of  writing  in  use  among  Nepalese 
Buddhists.  It  is  a  kind  of  ornamental  writing, 
used  by  caligraphists  for  inscriptions  and 
titles  of  books. 
^j-. -r,  Idn-fswa  salt,  prob.  =  fswa^  Idn-ts^ca 

'  ^  iu-la  tim^a  salt  which  dissolves  in 
water  Thgy.;  Idn-fswa  Ka-zds  kun-gyi  bro- 
ba  skyed  salt  gives  a  relish  to  every  dish 
S,(jf. ;  Idn-fswai  hi  salt-water  L^^.;  lan-tswa- 
ba  saline,  briny  Med, 

Cl}^'^^^'  lab'bddr  v.  la-bddr  in  la-pug. 

Qjq-q*  Idb-'pa  to  speak,  talk,  tell,  mi-la  ma 
lab  do  not  tell  anybody  MiL\  rdzun- 
ytam  Idb-pa  Bhot  to  lie,  to  utter  a  false- 
hood ;  lab  tsdl-ba  Sch, :  %  speak  unseemly, 
to  brawl(?)\  —  lab  tsdm-pa  Sch.:  to  speak 
while  dreaming,  to  be  delirious,  lab  ytdn- 
ba  Cs ,  ""lab  gydb-be"  W.  to  talk,  to  chat;  *«a- 
Za6-cfn* ^eloquent,  fluent  of  words  C,^  WV, 
rgya-ldb  a  great  deal  of  talk,  rgyaAdb-ban 
talkative  6.,  li'.   »-  '  •   ^   ^ 

Comp.  Idb-ga  Cs,,  *ldb'Ca*  6*.,  W,  talk. 
—  lab-grdgs  Mil,  companion,  intimate  friend 
Mil,  —  lab-rddl  talking  unbecomingly  Sch. 
— ^Idb-i'a*  (prop.  Idb-sgra)  'noise  of  tattling', 

tattle,  talk,  *ldb-ra  tdh-l^e*  W.  to  chat,  babble. 


QJ^  lam 

—  *lai'l6b  or  lab-lo^^  with  ^gydb-ce*  to 
speak  indistinctly,  to  mumble;  to  speak  in 
one's  sleep;  *lab'l6b'te  did*  he  walks  speak- 
ing in  his  sleep,  he  is  a  somnambulist  W, 
Qjn-^  Idb'tse  a  heap  of  stones  in  which  a 
pole  with  little  flags  is  fastened,  csp. 
on  mountain  passes  Schl,  198. 
Qtw  lam  1.  way,  road,  lam-c^,  rgyd-lam, 
stdn-lamCs.^  *md'lam*  W,  highway, 
main  road,  high-road;  gySn-lam  an  up-hill 
road,  an  ascent,  fur-lam  a  dowu-hill  road, 
pM-lam,  rfeei«-iam  a  horizontal  or  a  sloping 
road,  that  leads  alongside  a  hill,  lam-jjrdn 
a  narrow  footpath,  lamddg-mo  a  strait  path, 
lam  ydnspa  a  broad  one;  *lam^  de-mo*  a 
good,  easy  road,  *lam  sdg-po*  a  difficult, 
dangerous,  road  W.]  lam  far  the  road  is 
open,  may  be  passed,  is  not  obstructed  by 
snow  etc.  Glr,;  lam  by^drpaSch,^  *lam  c6- 
ce,  sdl-ce*  W.  to  clear  a  path,  to  construct 
a  road;  rgya-gdr-gyi  lam  or  rgya- gar-da 
^grd'bai  lam  the  way  to  India  Pth. ;  gri-lam 
the  way  of  the  knife,  i.e.  a  cut,  slit,  slash;  *'t- 
ne  diid-pe  lam*  here  is  the  way  for  the 
smoke,  here  the  smoke  escapes  W, —  2.  way, 
space  or  distance  travelled  over,  journey, 
Idm-du  on  the  road,  on  the  journey;  balr- 
bdd-kyi  lam  the  journey  from  Nepal  to  Ti- 
bet Glr,y  Idm-dii  Jug^a  to  set  out,  to  travel, 
also:  to  continue  one's  journey,  lam-pyed 
tsdm-du  fyyin-pa  dan  as  we  had  done  about 
half  the  way  Dzl.,^  Idm-nas  Iddg-pa  to  return 
home  from  a  journey,  Urtis-la  ^grd-bai  Idm- 
du  when  he  went  to  bathe  Dzl,  —  3.  ^ttRi, 
fig.  way  or  manner  of  acting,  in  order  to 
obtain  a  certain  end ;  fdr(^-pai)  lam  the  way 
of  deliverance,  viz.  for  Buddhists:  from  the 
cycle  of  transmigrations,  for  Christians :  from 
sin  and  its  consequences;  hence  the  way 
to  happiness,  to  eternal  bliss.  The  six  (some- 
times only  five)  classes  of  beings  (v.  ^gro- 
bd)  are  sometimes  called  the  six  ways  of 
re-birth  within  the  orb  of  transmigration. 
In  mystical  writings  lam  Ina  are  spoken  of 
as  the  ways  leading  to  the  sa  bcu  (q  v.) 
Thgy.;  lam(-gyi)  rim>(-pa}  Cs. :  'a  degree  of 
advance;  the  several  steps  towards  perfec- 
tion'; also  the  title  of  sundry  mystical  writ- 


q^  Uxr 


^ 


545 


0\^  las 


iogs;  zdb-lam  the  profound  method  or  way, 
fdbs'lam  method  of  the  (proper)  means  (nif.) 
Jdil.;  bla-med-rdd^ei  lam^  col.  snags -kyi 
lam  denotes  the  Uma-doctnDe  or  mysticism, 
V.  dbu-ma;  skyes-bu  iSun-bai^  Jbrin^oi^  and 
if^'pai  lam  three  ways :  that  of  a  natural 
(sinful)  man,  that  of  the  more  advanced 
believer  (but  not:  ^the  happy  mean'  Cs,)  and 
that  of  the  saint,  or  the  walk  and  conver- 
sation of  the  righteous,  so  also  in  dran-stvn- 
ffi  lam  the  saint's  or  hermit's  course  of  life; 
dge-ba  btui  Ids-kyi  lam  spyod-pa  to  walk 
the  way  of  practising  the  ten  virtues  DzL 
Comp.  and  deriv.  Idm-ka  prob.  =  lam^ 
Idm-ka-na  (another  reading  Idm^Uar^,  by 
the  road-side  DzL  —  la/m-wMan  one  well 
acquainted  with  the  road,  a  guide  Fth.^  also 
fig.  —  lam-gdl  by-way,  secret  path  &ch.  — 

—  lam-grdgs  fellow-traveller,  travelling  com- 
panion. —  lamrrgyud  =  lam  3?  lam-rgyud 
Ina  DzL  ;^S?,  18,  the  five  classes  of  beings, 
of.  ^d-hall,  —  lamr-rgyus-fa  =  IdmrmUan. 

—  Utmrc&n  Schr.  =  rgya-ldm.  —  lanirrtdgs 
the  signs  of  the  way  being  nearly  accom- 
plished i.e.  the  acquirements  and  perfections 
of  a  saint  Mil.  —  lamnltar-snan  something 
looking  like  a  road,  but  a  spurious^  wrong 
way  Sch,  —  lamrstegs  seat,  resting-place  by 
the  way- side;  also  fig.  Glr.  —  lam-mdd  v. 
7ndx>.  —  lam-Jlr^'pOf  lam-STid-pa  guide.  — 
Idrn^a  1.  police-officer  stationed  on  high- 
roads for  seizing  thieves  or  fugitives ;  toll- 
gatherer.  2.  traveller,  wayfarer  Cs.  3.  bell- 
wether W.  —  Idm-po  =  Zaw,  lam-po-ce.  1 . 
highway  Sb.;  also  as  a  place  for  practising 
magic,  nif.  2.  way  to  heaven,  =  *  far-lam* 
W.(?)  —  Idm-yig  v.  yi-ge  extr.  —  lam-ldg 
erroneous  MiL  —  lam-sran  lane,  street 
^x:  l<^^  ^'  but,  yet,  still,  however  MiL^  Thgy.^ 

Glr.;  Idr-ni  and  Idr-na  id.;  occurs 
.  scarcely  any  more  in  col.  language. — 2.*/ar* 
(or  ^la-re*)  me^  C.  none  at  all(?). 
OJST  fow  I.  sbst.,  col.  IdS'kay  resf,  pyag-lds 
W.  *iin'le*.  1.  action,  act,  deed,  work, 
byi-ddr-gyi  las  the  act  of  sweeping  L^o?. ;  las- 
bzdnj  laS'dkdr  a  good  work,  virtuous  action, 
las-ndn,  las-ndg  a  bad,  a  wicked  action, 
frq.;  Im  dan  nag  dan  yidrkyi  las  actions, 


words,  thoughts  DzL ;  Ids-kyi  mam-smin  re- 
tribution, reward  or  punishment  for  human 
actions,  frq.  (cf.  las-^'gytir-Jbras  below);  Ids- 
kyi  me-lon  mirror  of  fate,  mirror  foreshad- 
owing future  events  Glr.;  Ids-kyi  bum>-pa 
a  certain  vessel  used  in  religious  ceremonies 
/S<rAZ.248;Zaswa0ad-pa8becausethemeasure 
of  his  deeds  was  not  yet  full,  his  destmy 
was  not  yet  fulfilled  DzL ;  also  destination 
in  a  general  sense  Was.  (282);  Ids-kyi  Ihdg- 
ma  1ms -pa  des  in  consequence  of  the  yet 
remaining  rest  of  (unrequited)  works  Stg. ; 
sndn-las  former  action;  las  dban-bcds-su- 
Tn^drpa  Pth.  an  accident  which  cannot  be 
prevented;  performance,  transaction,  busi- 
ness, las  fams-cad  niis-pa  one  who  can  do 
or  perform  every  thing  Do.]  ako  the  func- 
tions of  some  organ  of  the  body  Lt;  work; 
labour,  manual  labour,  *l^-ka  fdb-pa*  to  get 
work;  kts  byed-pa  jB.,  C,  *le-ka  bd-te^  tdn- 
<ie*  W.  to  do  or  perlbrm  a  work,  to  work, 
also  of  things:  to  operate,  to  produce  effects 
Wdn  ;7n/iar-las-byed'miwoTkmenemployed 
in  building  Mil.;  dur-las  byed-pa  to  attend 
to  the  graves,  i.e.  to  perform  the  sepulchral 
rites  and  ceremonies;  zan-zin-las  byid-pa 
to  carry  on  business,  to  trade,  to  traffic  J/^Z.; 
Ids-su  as  a  task,  according  to  one's  occu- 
pation, trade,  or  business,  by  virtue  of  one's 
office,  ex  officio  (nif.)  Mil.;  Ids-su  run-bar 
duly,  rightly,  perfectly,  comm£  UfautMiL; 
Ids-su  byd-ba  v.  below  (extr.).  —  2.  some- 
times: secular  business,  *le-ke  ndn-na*  in 
business-affairs,  in  practical  life.  —  3.  effect 
of  actions,  and  in  a  special  sense:  merit,  las 
zddrpa  the  merits  being  over,  having  an  end 
Thgy.  (cf.  1,  above).  —  4.  the  doctrine  of 
works  and  their  consequences,  of  retribu- 
tion, las  mi  bden  that  doctrine  is  not  true 
Thgy. 

Comp.  and  deriv.  Ids-ka  i.  col.  work, 
labour,  v.  above.  2.  Sch.  and  Wis. :  dignity, 
rank,  title.  —  las-skdl  retributive  fate,  = 
las-prd. — Ids-mUan  workman  Cs. — las-rgyu- 
Jbrds  either  for :  las  dan  rgyu-Jbras  works 
and  their  fruits  (which  in  Tligy.  are  divided 
into  bsdd-nams-ma-yin-pai  las-rgyu-Jbrds 
sinful  deeds,  bsdd-nams-kyi  las-rgyu-Jbras 

35 


546 


^.f 


uJ^ 


KA,  3<^.':.  ^-^^  '^' ^'^  •^>-•^^  '---.-I} 


^  ^.  .*>ajfr  zos 


ttj 


h-^-^^^ 


^^^  virtuous  actions,  mt-yyo-bai  las-rgyu-J/i'ds 
ascetic  or  mystical  works  MK),  or  for  Ids- 
kifi  rgyU'Jbrds:  fruits  of  works,  retribution 
and  the  doctrine  of  it.  —  Ids-sgo  trading- 
place,  emporium  d/r.  —  Ids-tan  1.  laborious, 
industrious  Cs,  2.  (v.  above  las  3)  having 
acquired  merit,  worthy  Mil,  —  las-cS  in  C. 
used  for  expressing  probability,  as  in  W, 
^gro  with  the  gerund  is  used,  v.  ^gro-ba  I, 
5 ;  mUyn  las-ce  he  will  probably  have  seen 
it  AhLnt]  nas  ^di  Jbor  las-^4  as  possibly  I 
may  put  this  yet  aside;  Kyod  mi-la-ni  min 
las-^4  you  are  not  Mila,  are  you?  Mil,  — 
las  fog-pa  Sch.:  a  person  employed,  an  official, 
a  functionary.  —  las-rtdgs  Sch,  dignity,  rank, 
title  incident  to  the  office  held.  —  las-ddn- 
po-pa  V.  dan-po.  —  las-ddr  Sch,:  'parade, 
cerenionial'(?)--  Ids-pa  1.  workman,  labourer 
Cs.  2.  Sp,:  vice-magistrate  of  a  village.  — 
Ids-dpon  overseer  of  workmen.  —  las-spydd 
works,  actions,  way  of  life,  byan-iub-kyi 
la^-spydd  skyid-pa  to  lead  a  holy  life  Pth, 

—  las-^prd  'continuation,  prosecution  of 
works',  blessingsfoUowingmeritoriousdeeds, 
l^yed  dan  na  yah  sndn-gyi  las-^prd-ydd-pa 
yin  a  bond  of  connection  is  formed  between 
you  and  me  by  the  merits  we  acquired  in 
former  periods  of  life  -ftA.;  —  happiness, 
prosperity  in  consequence  of  good  works, 
good  luck,  fortunate  event,  opp.  to  lan-cags, 

—  las-Jyrd  Glr.  prob.  id.  —  Ids-mi  work- 
'  1     man.  —  lasmed  idle,  lazy,  inactive.  —  las- 

tsdn  1.  office,  post,  service,  ^-&an-<ft^Jt^- 
pa  to  put  into  office,  to  appoint,  las-tsdn* 
nas  Ji6n-pa  to  put  out  of  office,  to  dismiss 
Cs,  2.  official,  functionary  *yul-gyi  k-fsen'' 
elders  of  a  village-community  6'.,  las-fsdnr- 
paid,—*le'lam^/ian*  diligent,  industrious,  */^- 
mi' lam-Kan*  idle,  lazy  W.  —  las-su  byd-ba 
the  second  case  of  Tibetan  grammar,  the 
dative  case. 

II.  only  in  B,  and  C. :  postp.  c.  accus. 
mostly  corresponding  in  its  application  to 
the  English  prepos.  from,  used  also  for  ex- 
pressing the  ablaiive  case  (having  nearly 
the  same  sense  as  nas)\  1.  from,  e.g.  deliver- 
ing from,  coming  from,  often  =  through,  e.g. 
shining  into  a  room  through  the  window 


DzL;  to  hear,  get,  borrow  a  thing  from  a 
person  etc.;  to  call,  to  denominate  a  thing 
from  or  after,  according  to;  fsdd-las  dpdg- 
pa  to  define  by  or  according  to  measure  S.g,'y 
in  quotations:  ^dulrba-las  out  of  &e,  from 
the  Dulva,  sometimes  also  for:  in  the  Dulva; 
for  denoting  the  material  of  which  a  thing 
is  made:  of  earth,  of  clay  etc.;  partitively: 
Jyras  di-las  has  ybig  a  part  of  this  rice,  sUb- 
ma-las  ybig  one  of  the  disciples  Dzl,;  nai 
yul-mi-lasbu-moydd-pa-mams  the  girls  that 
are  found  among  my  subjects  Dzl,,  kun-las 
^pdgs-pa  distinguished  amongst  all,  more  ex- 
cellent than  all  the  others  DzL;  hence  2. 
than  after  the  comparative  degree:  nd-nin- 
las  bzah  more  beautiful  than  last  year  Mil,\ 
with  a  negative:  h  bbu-drug-las  mu  Un- 
te  not  older  than  sixteen  years  DzL;  zld- 
ba  Ihd-las  mi  sdod  I  shall  not  stay  longer 
than  five  months  Glr,\  ras-yug  yhig-las  mi 
bddg-ste  possessing  nothing  but  one  sheet  of 
cotton  cloth  DzL;  nd-las  med  there  is  none  ^ 
besides  myself  Glr,;  hmyas  Jiy^r-ba-las  im 
yon  in  the  end  you  will  probably  do  nothing 
else  but  despise  me  Mil,;  in  a  brief  mode 
of  speaking:  ysa-ycig-las  rje^btsun  ma  m£oh 
we  saw  nothing  but  the  leopard,  your  Re- 
verence we  did  not  see  Mil,;  mi  pdn-zih 
yndd-pa-las  med  it  is  good  for  nothing,  it 
only  does  harm  Mil,  —  3.  added  to  the  inf. 
of  verbs  it  signifies  not  so  much  from  as 
after,  from  doing,  i.e.  after  doing,  nydUba- 
las  Idn-ba  to  rise  from  lying,  to  rise  after  hav- 
ing been  lying  down ;  during,  frq.,  the  verbal 
root  being  repeated,  soh-sdh-ba-las  during  my 
going  or  travelling  on  D>2rf. ;  ndh-du  ^grd- 
bar  bsdm-pa-las  when  (I)  intended  to  walk 
in,  when  (I)  was  on  the  point  of  walking 
in  DzL 

Oi^Zy  ^"P^  ^*  for  HiS-pa;  in  rdg-las-pa 
and  a  few  other  expressions  occur- 
ring also  in  B, 
§w  li  I.  bell-metal,  li-skuy  li-fdl,  li^fur,  U- 

sndd  an  idol,  a  plate,  spoon,  vessel  made 
of  that  metal;  li-ma  in  gen.:  utensil,  instru- 
ment that  is  cast  of  U  Glr. 

U.  apple,  »  sU  C. 

III.  U-yul  Glr.,  aca  to  Was.  (74)  Bud- 


fi}'^^  linkorTa 


ft} 


547 


gqj-  lug 


dhist  countries  in  northern  Tibet,  esp.  Kho- 

ten;  ace.  to  others  in  northern  India  or 

Nepal 

gwn-;^  li-ka-^^a  or  li-Ua^ra  6s.  a  sort  of 

'      sugar.  . 
gj^  li'Uri  Glr.  and  elsewh.,  an  orange- 
'"^   coloured  powder,  ace.  to  Lis.  fipa  <; 
red  lead,  minium. 

S^nr*  Ip-fdn  Cs.:  'n.  of  a  province  of  Tibet 
near  the  Chinese  frontier',  li-tdn-pa 
inhabitant  of  that  province. 
g^q*  U-ba  squinting,  squint-eyed  Sch^  li-ba 

mig  squinting  eyes  ScK 
Si'^S'  fe-fea-%i  n.  of  a  noble  family  of  an- 
^   cient  India,  often  mentioned  in  the 
history  of  Buddha  DzLy  Gyatch. 

S)-c^ar  li-yui  V.  li  in. 

Sj'CW  ^^^*^>  Hind.  ^^WRT)  ^c.  to  Shak- 
speare  from  the  Portuguese  leUam^ 
auction,  public  sale. 

gj-^  li-hi  1.  Ssk  ir^  cloves  Med.^  C\  — 
**  '   2.  Hind.  t^iHH-tft  cardamom  W. 

^f^^^^  lig-bu-migS  g.,  ScL:  ^malachite'. 

lin-ga  SsL  1.  sign,  marlc.  —  2.  the 
image  of  an  enemy  which  is  burnt  in 
the  sbyin-sr^g  in  order  thus  to  kill  him  by 
witchcraft  Lt,  —  3.  membrum  virile  POi, 

a)C'9jar^  lin-gol-ma  a  large  hornet  SiL 

g^-^«  lin-ne  dangling,  waving,  floating,  in  the 
wind  Mil;  sprin  iig  lih  bgun-bas  a 
floating  cloud?  Mil.;  ^lin-lin  bd-be*  W.  to 
dangle,  to  hang  dangling,  e.g.  on  the  gallows^ 
*lin'lin  s^-de*  W.  to  Swing,  tosee-saw;  rX;a7i-Za^ 
pra  lih-rd  ^dug-fa  an  infant  struggling  with 
hands  and  feet  Pth. 
S^C'S^'  /m-%  or  lin-tdg  a  film  or  pellicle 

^  '  on  the  eye  Med. 
SlC^n*  lin-ba  C,  also  Un-po  or  lin  alone,  a 
whole  piece,  lih  yhig  of  one  piece,  lih 
bli  four  pieces  or  parts,  =  mctm-pa;  ysdr- 
gyi  lih-ba  Cs. :  a  piece  of  un wrought  gold ; 
dar-lih  Cs.  a  piece  of  silk;  lih-gis  ^dril-ba 
to  pack  up  into  a  parcel,  to  roll  up  into  one 
packet  Sch. 

5|C5^^  lih'fse  gratings,  lattice  Cs. 


Sfc"^ 


Ste-Sic:- 


lih'lih  V.  lih'iie. 


g^^«  lins  a  hunting  or  chase  in  which  a 
number  of  peopleare  engaged;  dmag- 
Uhs  id.  (cf.  Jcyi-ra);  byd-lihs  Cs.  falconry, 
hawking;  lihs-la  ^*6'ba  to  go  a  shooting, 
a  hunting;  lihs  ^dibs-pa  Sch.  to  hunt,  to  ar- 
range a  hunting  party;  lihs  ytoh-ba  to  get 
by  hunting,  to  hunt  down,  lihs  btdh-ba  what 
has  been  got  by  hunting,  game  shot  or 
caught;  lihs-pa  hunter,  huntsman,  lihs-pa- 
mo  huntress  Cs.;  Uhs-Hyi  hound,  lihs-Ura 
hunting  falcon  or  hawk. 

Sfc?r^-  lihs-skor  hand-miU  W.  (?) 

St^'CT  l^'^^'P^  'ScA. :  quite  round  or  glo- 
bular; dkdr-por  Ims-te  Pth. :  prob. : 
being  quite  white,  cf.  ^Idihs-se^  Ld.  quite. 
§>q«  lib^  all,  Ld.:  *lib  du-ce*  to  sweep  all  to- 
gether with  the  hands;  C.\  "^Ud-we  lib 
kab  son*  all  being  covered  with  snow. 
Qv  lu  \.  knag,  knot,  snag,  =  ^dz^r-pa;  *lu' 
^   big*  knot-hole  Ts.  —  2  num.  for  86. 
Qt-mr •  Ivr-kah  (perh.  a  misspelling  for  lugs-- 
'      koh?)  crucible  for  gold  and  silver  Sch. 

fljw  oprcn'  l^-gu^  %-S^j  diminutive  of 
^  nJ  '  '  nJ  lugy  lamb,  frq. ;  Iti-gvrTgyud 
1 .  rope  to  which  the  lambs  are  fastened,  or 
strung;  hence  2.  small  chain,  e.g.  watch- 
chain,  chain  or  row  of  stitches  on  knitting- 
needles;  lace-trimming  and  the  like. 
„-.  te-ia  1.  vb.  to  cough,  to  throw  up 
^  phlegm,  to  clear  the  throat.  —  2.  sbst. 
the  cough  Cs^ 

QT^*  lu-^ma  Sb.  pool  containing  a  spring, 
ground  full  of  springs,  hk-ma-ban  rich 
in  springs. 

aj'GT  l^'^l'^  ^^  fr^it  of  some  thorny  shrubs, 
^  sib^-U-lU'lu  hip,  fruit  of  the  wild  rose- 
tree,  fse7'^tdr4u4u  berry  of  Ilippopkae. 
pm  lug  sheep,  *d6'liig,  U-lug^  bsad^-lug*  W. 
^  '  sheep  for  slaughter.  —  lug-Uyu  flock 
of  sheep.  —  Itig-gu  v.  lu-gu.  —  lug-sgdl 
sheep's  load  —  lug-hdl-ba  and  lug-Mn-ba 
names  of  medicinal  herbs  ts.,  Wdh.  —  lug- 
snyid  Sch.  wether.  —  lug -tug  ram  B  ^  C.\ 
Itcg-fug-gi  rwa  dbyibs  like  a  ram's  horn 
Wdh.;  rgya-rt^lug-fug  a  Saiga  ram  S.g.  — 

35* 


•'548  ^ 


luff 'ton  Sch.  wether.  —  luff -pa  1.  sbst. 
shepherd,  keeper  of  sheep  Ma.  2.  to  stick 
the  heads  together  like  timid  sheep,  to  be 
sheepish  in  behaviour  Ma,  —  luff^miff  n.  of 
a  flower  Med,  —  luff-mur  and  luff-rtsi  me- 
dicinal herbs.  —  luff-tsaffs  a  sheep-skin  with 
little  wool  on  it  Ld.  —  luff-rd  sheep-fold, 
pen,  sheep-cot  —  luff-ru  ram's  horn ;  n.  of 
several  species  of  Pedicularis,  —  *luff'ldff* 
sheep-skin  Ld. 
(MfTCT  l^ff-Tpcb  I.  sbst  and  vb.,  v.  sub  hiff, 

'      —  II.  vb.,  to  give  way,  to  fall  down, 
cf.  rluff-pa  Ts. 
(m\^  %^  1  •  the  casting,  founding,  of  metal, 

'  luffS'SU  bluff-pa  Glr.^  *luff'la  luff-fa* 
col.  C,  to  found,  to  cast;  luffs-ma  a  cast, 
rgya-ffdr  luffs-ma  an  image  (statue,  idol) 
cast  in  India  Glr.  —  2.  way,  manner,  fashion, 
mode,  method,  hod-kyi  luffs  su  ffyis  siff  Glr. 
make  it  according  to  the  &shion  of  Tibet; 
nai  luffs-kyis  ban  byed  dffos  you  must  live 
according  to  our,  i.e.  the  Bon-fashion  Mil,; 
bsamr-ytdn-la  yddrpai  luffs-su  by  as  he  feigned 
meditation  Glr. ;  diyivrfai  luffs-su  byed  they 
speak,  act,  make  it  appear,  as  if  it  really 
were  so  Tar.  184,  21;  na-rdn-ffi  luys-kyi 
mUdr-las  my  way  of  buildiug,  what  I  call 
my  style  of  building  Mil;  opinion,  view, 
judgment,  way  of  proceedlng,^j/^(2-ra^-^i  Uys- 
la  according  to  you,  if  we  followed  your 
advice  Mil.\  ^ds-luffs  religion,  i  e.  a  certain 
system  of  faith  and  worship,  pyi  nan  ynyis 
cds'ltcffs  ffan  bzan  which  of  the  two  religions, 
the  Brahman  or  the  Buddhist  be  the  better 
one  Glr,\  established  manner,  custom,  usage, 
rite,  id-luffs  mode  of  dress,  fashion,  c6s4ugs 
religious  rites,  rffyd-luffs  Chinese  (or  Indian) 
manners,  bdd-luffs  Tibetan  manners  etc.; 
rdn-luffs  one's  own  way,  yidn-luffs  other 
people's  way  or  manners;  rdn-licffs-la ynds- 
pa  (=  ran-sa  Jbin-pa)  Glr.;  seems  to  be 
only  another  expression  for  that  Buddhist 
virtue  of  absolute  indifference  to  all  objects 
of  the  outer  world;  Itcffs  is  also  used  con- 
cretely, meaning  the  adherents  of  a  custom 
or  religion,  hence  =  sect,  school,  religious 
party,  denomination,  mdo-luffs  follower  of  the 
Sutras,  the  Sutra  sect,  snaffs-luffs  a  follower 


of  the  Tantras,  the  Tantra  sect;  in  a  spe- 
cial sense:  Itiffsynyis  the  two  principal  clas- 
ses with  regard  to  religious  life,  ^iff-rtm- 
ffyi  lugs  the  laical  or  profane  class,  laymen, 
(^ds-kyi  hiffs  the  clerical  or  sacred  class, 
priests  Cs.;  luffs-kyi  that  which  relates  to 
manners  or  morab,  ethical  Cs.  (v.  As.  Res. 
XX,  583).  —  3.  in  conjunction  with  a  verbal 
root  or  with  the  genit  of  the  inf.  it  often 
corresponds  to  the  English  termination  ing 
as:  Iddh'hiffs  the  rising,  getting  up,  ^6- 
luffs  the  going,  sddd-luffs  the  sitting  MH, 
<o  "  ^9y^^  y^^  "  ^^^  ^^9^  ^^^  '^debs  -  h/i  zu- 
ba  the  (possibility  of)  getting  into  difficul- 
ties and  other  reasons  for  inducing  him  to 
postpone  (his  setting  out)  Mil.;  bsam-yds 
bzens-luffs  bris  he  described  the  building  of 
Sam-yi  Glr.;  mdd-luffs  the  (circumstance 
of)  not  having  MU.;  yin-hu/s  the  condition, 
state  MU.;  dd-lta  nd-luffs  bi-ltar  na  as  to 
your  present  illness,  in  what  does  it  con- 
sist? Mil. ;  fsdffs-nas  skydn-bai  lOffs-su  yod- 
pa  they  joined  in  educating  them,  they  edu- 
cated them  together  MU.;  it  is  also  added 
to  adjectives:  U-higs  greatness  MU. 

(^TOf*?'  Uiffs-ma  v.  luys  1. 

Qtr-  lun  1. 1.  a  strap,  slung  over  the  shoulder 
or  round  the  waist,  for  carrying  things; 
handle,  ear  (curved),  of  vessels,  baskets  etc., 
different  from  yu^ba  a  straight  handle,  hilt 
—  2.  'foot-stalk  of  fruits'  Cs.\  lun-tag  Cs.: 
a  rosary,  string  of  beads^  suspended  by  the 
girdle. 

II.  Ssk.  'W[X^^^  =  bka^  used  of  words 
spoken  by  secular  persons  commanding  re- 
spect :  pas  yndh-bai  lun  fob-nas  obtaining 
(his)  father's  word  of  permission  Dd^  lun 
Jbyuii  an  order  is  issued  (by  the  king)  Glr.j 
tu-rU'ska-la  lun  len  dffds-^  being  obliged 
to  accept  orders  from  the  Turuskas  Tar.; 
more  frq.:  spiritual  exhortation,  admonition, 
instruction,  lun  yndn-ba  to  give  it  (some- 
times only:  to  pronounce  forms  of  prayer 
etc.  before  devotees);  luhytdh-ba  id.,  *&*» 
tan-Uen^  instructor,  teacher,  admonisher  C; 
lun  stdn-pa,  also  lun-du  stdn-pa  to  instruct, 
to  give  spiritual  precepts,  also  with  regard 


^'i^  lun-Ug 


0^^  lus 


549 


to  sapernatural  voices  etc.  Mil,;  esp.  to  pro- 
phesy, predict,  to  reveal  secrets,  with  termin. : 
dd-na-hi-la  yin-par  lun  bstan  it  is  prophe- 
sied that  it  is  Danasila,  the  prediction  re- 
lates to  D.,  sans-rgydssu  liin-bstan-to  he 
has  received  a  prediction  concerning  (his 
obtaining)  the  Buddhaship  DzL;  mdan  mkd- 
opros  lun-bstan-pai  shyis-bu  de  the  man 
foreshown  yesterday  by  the  Dakini  MiLy 
hence  lun-ma-bstarir-pa  unheard  of,  unpre- 
cedented Mil.  nt  (Cs.  also:  to  demonstrate, 
lun-du  brtdn-du  ydd-pa  demonstrable?); 
lun  ^dd-pa  Cs.  to  make,  to  establish,  pre- 
cepts; lun  ^dr^n-pa  Cs.  to  cite,  to  quote, 
an  authority  Tar.  210,  2;  lun-gi  r^es-Jbrdn 
Was.  (274)  those  who  stick  to  the  letter 
(opp.  to  rtgS'Uyi  ryes-bran  to  the  real  quality, 
viz.  the  spirit) ;  lun-bstdn  exhortation,  pre- 
cept, commandment,  Ihai  luh-bstdn  bMd-pa 
to  communicate  the  precept  of  the  god  Tar.y 
.  .  .zes  byd'bai  lun-bstdn  byun  there  came  a 
divine  order  or  prophecy  of  this  purport, 
to  this  efiFect;  hence  lun-ston-pa  prophet 
Chr.  Prot. 

(^'^^  lun-fdg  V.  above  lun  I. 

pir'n'  l^^-po,  1.  valley,  rt-lun  mountain  and 
^         valley;  &^n-?(^  a  large  valley,  lun- 
cuh  or  lun-prdn  a  little  valley ;  lun-kdg  Sch. : 
Hhe  cavity  of  the  valley';  lun-sidn  a  desolate, 
a  solitary  valley,  as  a  fit  abode  for  hermits, 
frq.  —  2.  furrow,  hollow,  groove,  e.g.  on  the 
surface  of  a  stick  MY.,  of  the  liver  Med. 
QTC'  lud  manure,  dung,  lug-lud  sheep's  dung; 
^^■^r^~W^  Zt^  ^4m-pa  to  spread  manure  (on 
'^     ^-v-^fieHs)  Cs.,  lud  jdrin-fa  to  carry  manure 
<  "^^  (to  the  fields)  Cs.,  *gydb-be,  tdb-hy  tdn-l^ 

W.  to  manure  the  ground;  lud-Jcu  dung- 
water;  ludrddn  dung-hole;  lud-pun  dung- 
hill; IM-Jbu  grubs  etc.  in  a  dung-hill. 
ojfTzy  i'^^^ct  1.  sbst.  phlegm,  mucus,  mogr- 
Mrdg-gi  lud -pas  bkan-ste  full  of 
phlegm,  matter  and  blood  Glr. ;  esp.  in  the 
organs  of  respiration :  lud-pa  cig  bskyur-bas 
throwing  up  some  phlegm  Glr.;  lud-pa  Iti- 
ba  to  throw  up  by  coughing  Dzl.^  sbrid-pa 
by  sneezing  5.^.;  lud-por  spittoon,  spitting- 
box  C.  —  2.  vb.,  to  boll  over  cu  lud-pas 


the  water  boiling  over  Dzl.;  mfso  lud-pa 
the  running  over  of  lakes,  inundation  il/a.; 
?M  lud-nas  lud-nas  bkdn-ba  yin  it  filled,  by 
the  water  rising  higher  and  higher. 
pt^^-  lums  a  bath  used  as  a  medical  cure; 
^        fomentation. 

W$r^*    f^'^^'  lum-bi^  lum-bi-ni,  n.  of  a 
'  '  queen ,  and  of  a  grove 

called  after  her,  situated  in  the  north  of 
India,  where  Buddha  is  said  to  have  been 
bom. 

01^  Zms,  also  lus-po,  body,  lus  sd-la  brddb- 
pa  to  prostrate  one's  self,  frq.,  lus 
stdn-pa  to  show  one's  self,  to  appear,  to 
make  one's  self  visible,  as  gods  Dzl.^  and 
in  a  similar  manner  lus  is  often  used  for  ex- 
pressing our  reflective  verbs,  when  relat- 
ing to  physical  processes,  cf  sems;  lus-kyi 
dbdn-po  the  sense  of  feeling,  in  as  far  as  it 
resides  in  the  skin  and  the  whole  body  of 
man  Med.]  rgydl-poi  ydun-brgyM  (or  rgyal- 
bu)  lus -la  yod  I  bear  a  prince  under  my 
bosom  Glr. ;  Im  smdd-pa  to  violate,  to  rav- 
ish Ptk.;  lus  ^ffrifh-pai  fog -ma  the  begin- 
ning of  the  development  of  a  body  as  em- 
bryo Wdh.;  gritb-pa  lus  v.  giitb-pa;  lus-la 
^dgs  -  sin  from  love  of  life  Dzl. ;   lus  dan 
srdg-la  sdd-ba  to  risk  or  stake  one's  life 
Dzl.;  mi'lus  fdb-pa  or  bldn-ba  to  be  bom 
as  a  human  being,  Iv^-ndn  (to  be  born)  as 
an  animal,  or  also  as  a  woman  Mil.]  — 
often  for  the  whole  person  of  a  man :  brdn- 
gyi  lus  kyan  dpdn-du  ^gyur  even  a  servant 
may  become  a  master  S.g.\  lits-kyis  mi 
bz6d-par  nya-ndn-gyis  yduns-te  is  used 
(fizl.  9^9-,  ^)  of  an  exclusively  mental  suf- 
fering or  infirmity.  —  In  mysticism  and 
speculative  science  several  expressions  are 
employed  which,  however,  donot  difiFermuch 
in  their  import:  sgyu-lus^  ^d-lm,  bde-^o 
mfo-ris-kyi  lus;  rig-pa  ^dzin-pai  his  (Tar. 
56,  20),  yid-kyi  lus  (frq.),  fiHf^Oi^  ^^^ 
immaterial  body  which  is  enclosed  in  the 
grosser  material  frame,  accompanying  the 
soul  in  all  its  transmigrations  and  not  de- 
stroyed by  death  (Kopp.  I.,  66),  yid-kyi  his 
might  be  rendered  by  ^spiritual  body' ;  an- 
other explanation  given  by  Lamas  is:  the 


560 


g^q*  liai-pa 


QJ 


ojsrpr^  ligs-pa 


body  which  exists  only  in  our  imagination 
{yid)\  \n  that  case  it  would  be  idcDtical  with 
sgyu-lus. 

Comp.  Itis-^^gydgs  a  fat  body  Cs.,  Itis-Hd 
a  mean,  thin,  lean  body,  lus-sMm  a  thick 
stout  figare,  lus-rin  a  long  tall  body,  lits- 
fun  a  short  body  Cs,  —  lus-han  having  a 
body,  hence  as  sbst.  =  s^ms-can  creature, 
being,  lus-can  kun-gyiyid-du^oii  a  favourite 
of  every  creature  Stg,  —  lus-  stdd  upper 
part  of  the  body,  lus-smad  lower  part  of  the 
body.  —  lus-bdiis  the  bulk  of  a  body.  — 
liiS'bydd  form  of  the  body.  —  /ws-w^  hav- 
ing no  body,  incorporeal,  ghostlike,  ghostly, 
lus-med'pai  skad  a  ghostly  voice  Mil.  — 
lus'smdd  V.  lus-stdd, —  lics-zuhs  v.  sub  yzum. 
QIKl'd'  ^^'P^y  C'  ^Iso  IdS'pa^  to  remain 
behind  or  at  home,  bddndu  zld-ba 
ynyis  to  remain  in  Tibet  for  two  months 
Glr.;  to  be  remaining  or  left  DzL;  to  be  for- 
gotten, omitted,  left  behind ;  yyin-du  lus-pa 
to  remain  uppermost,  floating  to  remain 
standing,  sitting,  lying,  e.g.  ^Ua  lus-sa  mi 
dug*  W.  the  snow  does  not  remain,  will  soon 
melt  away;  lus-par  byM-pa  Pth.y  lus-su 
^)ug-pay  *lus  tyg-te*  Ld.  to  leave  behind, 
to  leave  a  remainder ;  ma-lus-par  entirely, 
wholly,  without  remainder,  without  excep- 
tion, ^rd-ba  ma-lus  or  mi^lus  Mng.^  all 
creatures  without  exception;  md-his^par 
prob.  also :  surely,  undoubtedly,  at  any  rate, 
in  any  case,  ni  f.  —  lus-ma,  lyes-luSy  pyir- 
lusy  Ihdg-lus  Cs.  remainder,  balance,  residue. 


or 


le  1.  a  small  not  cultivated  river-island 


C,  =  glin-ka  and  zaL  —  2.  v.  leu,  — 
3.  W,  a  word  expressive  of  civility  and  re- 
spect, and  added  to  other  words  or  sen- 
tences, like  Sir!  and  Madam!  in  English, 
*ZU'1^  good  day.  Sir!  it  is  also  added  to  the 
word  sa-heb  gentleman,  and  then  sorheb-le 
is  about  equivalent  to:  honoured  Sir,  dear 
Sir.  —  4.  num.:  16. 

Sj-qftT,  njq*ft(3;'  ^^'^ff^^^  leb^gdn  1.  Med. 
'  ' '  '  '   frq..  Lex.  =  ^^  safiFron, 

whereas  Cs.  has:  'poppy,  le-brgan-rtsi  the 
juice  of  poppies,  opium,  le-brgdn-ghi  mi- 
tog  the  poppy  flower,  le-brgdn-ghi  Jbrds-bu 
poppy-seed',  and  Sch,  adds :  le-brgan-rnddg 


poppy-coloured,  light-red,  aiid  he  translates 
also  le-brgdn  DzL  >SV*^,  1,  by  'poppy-coloor- 
ed',  although  it  is  mentioned  there  amongst 
various  species  of  Lotus.  But  in  W.  poppy 
and  opium  are  usually  called  by  the  Hindi 
name  ^,  pirn;  neither  in  W.  nor  in  Sik 
did  I  meet  with  any  body,  who  knew  the 
significations  given  by  Cs.  and  <ScA.,  but 
only:  2.  diapered  design  of  woven  &brics; 
thus  also  Mil. :  le-brgdn  dmdr-poi  ydan  a 
flowered  carpet,  le-brgdn  jol-bSr  Pth^fk 
flowered  dress  with  a  train. 
(5'^  li-^a  the  soft  downy  wool  of  goats 
'  (esp.  those  of  Jangthang)  below  ihe 
long  hair,  the  Shawl  WOOl ;  fine  woolen-cloth. 
H*5J'  li-ma  V.  leu. 
o^'om  ^~%  appendix,  supplement,  addition 

C/S. 

(3"aj^  le-ldn  Cs.:  consequence;  Sch.:  re- 
'  buke,  reprimand,  reproof,  and  le- 
Idn-pa,  le-ldn  bdd-ba  to  blame,  rebuke,  re- 
prove; le-ldn-ban  Cs.  consequential,  im- 
portant (?). 

^0^5r^ip<3r  le-ldm-mKan  v.  las-  Idm-mMan. 

(^•3f  ^-^^1  U-lo-nyid  indolence,  laziness, 
tardiness,  le-lo  rna  byed  big  don't  be 
lazy!  Glr.;  ybig  le-lo  byds-nas  as  one  (of 
them)  had  been  lazy  DzL;  U-los  ^yer  he 
is  overcome  by  laziness  JtftZ.;  le-loi  fyes-su 
^rd-ba  to  be  given  to  laziness  LcL-Glr.; 
U-lO'han  lazy,  indolent,  slothful.  —  *le'h6P 
W.  =  le-lo. 

Q^CT^-q-  legs-pa  B.^  ligs-po  and  -mo  C.  (cf. 
'  also  no.  3)  I.  good,  serving  the 

purpose,  with  regard  to  things;  adv.  legs- 
par  well,  duly,  properly,  ligs-par  Jsol-ba 
to  search,  to  investigate  accurately  Glr,; 
bsu-ba  Ugs-po  gyis  do  care  for  a  proper  re- 
ception! G/r.;  legs-par  gyur  big  (/ScAr.  adds 
UyM-Ia^  may  you  prosper!  Sch,y  Ugs-pwr 
^dhS'So  you  are  welcome  ScA.;  happy,  com- 
fortable, bda^  Idgs-na  when  I  am  well  ofi" 
(opp.  to  nySs-na)  Do.]  legs  nyes  stdn-pai 
mi-Ion  mirror  of  fate,  of  the  future  Glr,; 
lo(-fog)  ligs(-^a)  B.y  *lo  lag-mo*  W.,  a  rich, 
healthy,  happy  year;  H  Itar  byds-na  legs 
which  is  the  best  way  of  doing  it?  Glr.^ 


C^^sy  Un^a 


ft} 


af  fo 


551 


Tarr^  sems-ban  mis  byds-na  Ugs-pa  gan  yin 
which  of  the  actions  of  human  beings  are 
good  (in  this  connection  it  is  nearly  the  same 
as  bzdn-pOy  morally  good);  legs  is  also  used 
iu  politely  hinting  or  requesting,  like  the 
English  'you  had  better':  Kyod  pyin-pa 
Ugs^'So)  Glr,^  and  still  more  polite:  yUgs- 
par  legs  your  Highness  had  perhaps  better 
go  etc.  Pih  ;  w&s-na  stn-tu  Ugs^so  if  you 
can  do  it,  very  well!  Dzl. ;  also  l^s-so  alone, 
very  well!  well  done!  ligs-so  Ugs^so  ex- 
cellent! capital!  —  2.  neat,  elegant,  grace- 
ful, beautiful  C.  —  3.  *ldg-^mo*  W.  good,  due, 
and  adv.  well,  duly,  properly,  like  Ugs-par 
(v.  above),  e.g.  ^me  Idg-mo  Jbar  ^dug^  the 
fire  bums  well,  *Z^-ia  Idg-mo  bos*  yon  have 
worked  well;  but  most  frq.:  clean,  pure, 
clear,  *cu  lag-mo*  pure  or  clear  water  (opp. 
to  rUdg 'pa)'y  fine,  of  powder,  =  i^ib -mo; 
Vag-mo  bd-b^  to  clean,  clear,  wash,  wipe, 
sweep  etc.;  to  reduce  to  fine  powder,  to 
pulverize. 

Comp.  UgS'ban  Sch.^  legs-lddn  Cs.  vir- 
tuous (?).  —  /egs'byds,  resp.  legs-mdzdd  good 
deed,  good  work  Cs,  —  legs-sbgdr,  ^^RTf, 
well  constructed^  skilfully  arranged,  high- 
wrought,  hence:  the  Sanskrit  language.  — 
legs-smdn  patron,  protector,  well-wisher,  con- 
gratulator  Cs.  —  legs  -  b^ad  a  remarkable 
saying,  a  sententious  remark  Mil.^  two  works, 
called  after  their  authors  gon-dkdr  and  so- 
skya-legs-bhdd^  are  recommended  to  students 
of  the  language,  —  legs-ysol  resp.  thanks, 
acknowledgment,  gratitude  C.  ^  ^  .  t 
qW-jfj-  l&nrpa  (rarely  Idn-ba,  Idn-pcL)^  pf. 
^  blons  (rarely  lons\  fut  blariy  imp.  Ion 
a.,  lon{s)  Dzl,  MU.,  blans  Cs.,  W.:  V^be, 
n^n-be,  bldn-be*  to  take,  i.e.  1.  to  receive, 
get,  obtain,  ynas-ndn  an  inferior  place  viz. 
for  being  re-bom  Thgy,  —  2.  to  accept,  what 
is  offered  or  given,  opp.  to  ^ddi^-ba;  also  to 
bear,  to  suffer  patiently,  to  put  up  with.  —  3. 
to  seize,  catch,  lay  hold  of;  grasp,  e.g.  one 
that  is  about  to  leap  into  the  water  Dzl. ; 
to  catch  up;  to  catch,  to  take  prisoner,  a  cul- 
prit Dzl.;  to  carry  off,  e.g.  the  arms  of 
killed  enemies;  ma  byin-par  to  take  what 
is  not  given,  to  steal,  to  TObj  Hn-pa-^dra  it 


is  as  if  it  had  been  stolen  from  me  Glr.\ 
^h-ma  ISn-pa  to  get  or  take  a  wife,  frq., 
also  to  procure  one  for  another  person;  srog 
Ihi-pa  «  ^prdg-pa  to  deprive  of  life,  to  kill 
Mng.\  to  fetch,  lhfi'du{^  W. *len-na'la*)  son  go 
and  fetch  it!  to  take  possession  of,  to  oc- 
cupy (by  force  of  arms)  Glr. 
oifl'Sf  ^^^"^^  (^-  ftlso  IS  -po)  flat,  mon- 
srdn  lib -mo  Indian  pease  are  flat, 
lenticular;  lib-ban^  leb-Ub  id.  col.,  *leb-lib' 
la  Jor*  lay  it  down  flat!  leb-ma^  leb-fdgs 
lace,  bandage,  ribbon  Cs.,  dar-skud-kyi  leb- 
fdgs  lace  of  silk  thread;  bhag-leb  a  flat  loaf  '  ^^^ 
of  bread  C;  kih-Ub^  leb-sin  board,  plank, 
rdo-Ub  a  slab,  cf.  gUb-pa. 
(^«  Uu  division,  section  of  a  speech,  of  a 
^  treatise,  of  a  book,  chapter,  of.  very 
different  length  ;7^^aw  Cj.,  leur  byds-pa 
Zam.  having  sections  or  chapters,  being  di- 
vided into  chapters;  abbreviated  fe,  bhags- 
le  dan  her-le  ^adrpa  yin  the  chapters  (treat- 
ing) of  the  confession  of  sins  and  of  wis- 
dom are  wanting  Tar.\  li-ma  Cs.,  le-fsdn 
ScL  id. 

gr  /<?  1.  year  (resp.  dgiih-lo,  v.  dguii)^  lo 
Ina-bbfi-pa  Ma.  usually  lo  Ina-bbu  Ion- 
pa  (W.  *lo7i-kan*)  fifty  years  old,  of  fifty 
years;  bi^no  lo-ynyis-ma  a  girl  two  years 
old  Ma,;  lo  dans  lo,  lo-ri  (-re) -biin,  lo-ltar 
{Sch.  also  bstdr!)  annually,  yearly;  l6-nas  16- 
ru  from  year  to  year;  snd-lo,  Jids-lo  last 
year;  ^di-lo,  usually  *dd-lo*,  this  jesLr;pyi- 
lo,  C.  sdn-lo  next  year;  lo  Jl6r-te  after  one 
year  had  passed,  srd»-kyis  lo  Uor-te  when 
the  prince  was  one  year  oldCr/r. ;  the  names 
of  the  twelve  years  of  the  small  cycle  (v. 
below)  are  those  of  the  following  twelve 
animals :  byi  mouse,  glah  ox,  stag  tiger,  yos 
hare,  Jyrtig  dragon,  sbrul  serpent,  rta  horse, 
liig  sheep,  spre  ape,  bya  hen,  kyi  dog,  pag 
hog;  thus  the  first  year  is  called  byi-lo  the 
mouse-year,  and  byi-lo-pa  is  a  person  born 
in  that  year  etc.  —  2.  for  lo  -  tdg,  v.  the 
compounds;  for  Id-ma  leaf,  for  Id-tsa-ba. — 
3.  prob.:  talk,  report,  rumour,  saying,  added 
(like  skad)  to  the  word  or  sentence  to  which 
it  belongs,  le-gi-mo  hi  lo  zi^r-ba  fos  tsd-na 
when  a  rumour  is  heard,  that  N.N.  has  died 


552 


af  fo 


^-wx.  jA^JUf^fi^ 


flj 


4    O    /Xr4^w^A^ 


tapTj'q"  Ug-pa 


Thgy,\  W,:  *da  lam  far  lo^  they  say  the  road 
is  open  now;  also  with  a  definitive  subject: 
*^ a-^^^kU'lig  tor!  lo*  the  mistress  asks  for  the 
key ;  *llo  kdm-se  rag  h*  he  says  he  is  thirsty 
(yet  also  in  these  cases  a  speaking  on  hear- 
say may  be  meant :  somebody  tells  me  that 
Mrs.  N.N.  asks  for  etc.);  *fs6r-Io*  report, 
rumour  W,^  also  "fdn-lo^  and  */di  (?)-/o*  are 
said  to  have  a  similar  signification;  ^si-lo* 
and  *rig'lo*  W.  are  expressions  of  which  I 
cannot  give  a  satisfactory  explanation;  bsdd- 
lo  byas  kyan  kram-pa  yin  MiL^  prob.:  though 
he  may  get  a  name  (in  the  world)  by  his 
learned  discussions,  he  is  after  all  a  liar.  — 
lo  3  prob.  occurs  only  in  col.  language  and 
more  recent  pop.  literature;  DzL  ^?V*?/,  17  /o 
is  a  corrupt  reading  for  ysoL —  4. num.:  146. 
Comp.  lo-^kor  (Cs,  also  lo-Kor)  cycle  of 
years  y  a  period  of  twelve  years;  it  is  the 
usual  manner  of  determining  the  exact  time 
of  an  event,  which  ako  tolerably  well  suf- 
fices for  the  short  space  of  a  man's  life.  If 
for  instance  a  person  in  a  dog-year  (e.  g. 
1874)  says  that  he  is  a  byi-lo-pa^  it  may  be 
guessed  by  his  appearance,  whether  he  is 
10  or  22,  34,  46  etc.  years  old,  and  thus 
also  in  other  cases  accidental  circumstances 
must  help  to  determine  the  precise  date  of 
an  event.  Occasionally,  however,  the  cycles 
are  counted,  e.g.  lo-skdr  brgyad  96  years 
Glr,  Besides  this  cycle  of  12  years  there 
exists  another  of  60  years  which  is  formed 
(in  imitation  of  Chinese  chronology)  by 
combining  those  12  names  of  animals  with 
the  names  of  the  (so  called)  five  elements, 
sin  wood,  me  fire,  sa  earth,  Uags  iron,  cu 
water.  Each  of  these  elements  is  named 
twice,  followed,  the  first  time  by  po,  and 
the  second  by  mo\  which  signs  of  gender 
may  also  be  omitted  without  altering  any 
thing  in  the  matter.  Thus  «^w(-po)-/^y^-fo, 
Hn^-moypag-lo^  me^^-poybyp-hy  me^-moy 
glan-lo  are  our  years  1834,  35,  36,  37,  and 
1894,  95,  96,  97  etc.  —  lo-k'rims  (v.  fo-%- 
gi  Krims)  ceremonies,  at  the  beginning  of 
harvest.  —  lo-grdns  prop,  date  (of  the  year), 
Sch,  also :  lo-grdm  tsdn-mu  being  Of  (full) 
age.  —  lo-mgd  6s.  the  beginning  of  a  year, 
^UX  I'L'i'i)  d|-^i<'>f -^^f-U'  ^-^l-^-a^a   '^^^^  ) 


new-year's  day.  —  lo-rgyits  v.  rgyuB.  —  Zo- 
ndn  a  bad  year,  a  poor  harvest  —  h-Idg 
Cs.  'every  second  year'.  —  to-Sin  or  nykh 
C,  young,  lo-nyun-nyuh  very  young.  —  fo- 
ny^s  =  lo-ndn,  —  lo-snyin  ScL  *year,  pe- 
riod or  stage  of  life'  (?).  —  lo-tdg  or-%^ 
the  produce  of  the  year,  harvest,  crop,  lo- 
tdg  rhd-ba  to  reap  it,  to  gather  it  in.  —  lo- 
fd  almanac.  —  lo-^dod  Mil.  earthly-minded^ 
sinner?  —  Ixhdpyd  annual  tribute.  —  *fo- 
pu!*  =  srus'piid^  C.  —  lo-pydg  {Ld.  *lob' 
?agf*)  embassy  sent  every  year  to  the  king 
to  renew  the  oath  of  allegiance.  —  h-pyid 
half  a  year.  —  lo-fsdn  annual  produce,  har- 
vest, lo'fsan  ci-ia  a  rich,  abundant  harvest 
Glr.  —  fo-%8  V.  Ugs-pa.  —  lo-bhad  =  h- 
fd  Cs.  —  to  -  ys^b  Sch.  a  stack,  a  heap  of 
corn  (?). 
grm-  Id-ka  Ssk.  world,  lo-ke-^wa-i'a  =  ^jiif- 

^'i^^  lo-fdg,  or  lo-tdg^  v.  to,  compounds. 

QJ'Q^^^'  b'^ddb  V.  Id-ma. 

glw  Id-may  W.  *ldb'ma*y  leaf,  Id-ma  Ikun, 
brnl  B.y  C,  ^Idb-ma  dil  or  did  son*  W, 
the  leaves  have  fallen;  *ldb'7na  id-mo*  ao 
acerose  or  pine-leaf;  lo-^ddb  =  U-ma. 

Sf^'    ^'\i'  ^■^^'  ^"^^  (^-  ^^'  ^  ^ 
'        ^  speak?)  the  (art of) trandafing, 

sgra  dan  Id-tsa  sldb^pa  to  learn  the  lan- 
guage and  the  (art  of)  translating  Glr.;  also 
Id^tsa  sgyur-ba  to  translate  i%^;  Id-tsihba 
translator  (of  Buddhist  works)  to-S?w  great 
translator,  seems  to  be  a  certain  title;  lo- 
pan  for  Id-tsa-ba  dan  pdndi-ta. 
f3ffi}'5J'  W-K-7wa  Ld,  (JJrd.  ^jS)  prosGtifie, 

harlot 
jjtqrqj'n'  Idg-ge-ba  seems  to  be  nearly  the 

'  '  same  as  I6g-pa  adj  ,  fe-fwm  Ug- 
ge-bai  ndn-la  prob. :  entertaining  irrational 
doubts  or  scruples;  ban-rim  Idg-ge-ba  an 
inverted  ban-rim  q.v.;  Idg-ge-ba-la  Uyer  he 
took  it  back  again  MU, 
gpn-q-  togF-paI.vb.,pf.  and  secondary  form 

'  of  Iddg-pa,  q.v.,  1.  to  return,  to  go 
back,  yiil-du  Glr.\  *nam  Idg-te  ca  dug*  W., 
*nam  Idg-ne  dd-gyu  yin*  C.  when  will  you 


aj>. 


Sprpr  logs 


oj 


553 


qcg-  Un-bu 


return?  Ug-pa  Jad  Glr.^  Ug-la  ^ddd^do  Glr, 
let  us  turn  back^  pj/tr  Ug-pai  lam  the  way 
back.  —  2.  to  come  back,  to  come  again.  — 
3.  to  turn  round,  to  be  turned  upside  down,  to 
tumble  down  W.^  e.g.  of  a  pile  of  wood  etc.; 
no  Ug-pa  or  Iddg-pa  to  turn  away  one's 
face,  always  used  fig.  for  to  turn  one's  back 
on,  to  apostatize  Jidr-bai  yul  nd-ldog-na  if 
you  mean  to  turn  your  back  to  the  land  of 
the  cycle  of  existences,  more  frq. :  Ug-pa 
byid-pa  tO  revolt,  to  rebel,  Ug-pa  rtsom^a 
to  plot,  to  stir  up,  an  insurrection  Glr.,  Ug- 
pa-mHan  a  rebel  (rZr.;  *Ug^a^an*  rebel- 
lious, seditious  W. 

II.  adj.  reversed,  inverted;  irrational,  wrong, 
Ug-pai  lam^  lam  Ug-pa  Mil,  a  wrong  way; 
Idg^a-la  hugs-paQto  rush  into  error,  to  turn 
to  what  is  wrong?'),  also  euphemism  for  to 
fornicate  Stg.;  lta^(bay  Ug^-pa)  v.  Itd-ba; 
cos'log  a  wrong  faith,  false  doctrine,  heresy; 
grwa-ldg,  )0'Ug  col.  an  apostate  monk  or 
nun;  Idg-par  and  (col.)  Ug  adv.  wrong, 
amiss,  erroneously,  Ug-par  shn-pa  to  think 
evil,  to  have  suspicions  (about  a  thing),  often 
=  Ita-I6g  skyid-pa  to  sin;  frq.:  "^log  Jtren- 
pa*  to  mislead,  seduce  B,\  *Ug  ydn-ce*  W. 
to  come  back,  to  return,  ^U-Ug  ydhrc^  to 
recover  life,  to  revive  (after  having  been 
nearly  lifeless),  to  rise  from  the  dead,  prob. 
also:  to  appear  as  a  ghost  W.;  *nad  Ug- 
gydb  tarl^  W,  the  disease  has  become  worse 
again,  there  has  been  a  relapse ;  *la4dg  (bla- 
Ug)  pd-ce^  W.  to  turn,  e.g.  the  roast;  ^hid 
Ug  tan-ce^  v.  ybud. 

Comp.  Ug-cosMa.^i  cos-Ug.  —  Ug-rtdgs 
wrong  judgment,  false  knowledge.  —  I6g- 
Ita  =  Ita-ldg,  v.  Itd-ba. — Ug-spyod^  Lt, :  Ug- 
spyod  ndn-pa  perverse  conduct,  a  sinful  life. 
—  Wy-o^so  with  sgritb-pa  to  live  in  a  sinful 
manner,  as  much  as :  to  live  by  crime,  by 
vice  Mil, 
QgMj*  Ugs  1.  side,  rtsig-Ugs  the  side  of  a 

'  wall,  mdiin-logs  fore-side,  front-side, 
rgydb'logs  back,  back  part  of  a  thing;  Ugs- 
re  1.  side-post  of  a  door  (opp.  to  yd-  and 
md-re).  2.  each  side  (v.  re  3);  logs-bzdn  the 
right  or  upper  side,  logs-ndn  the  left  or  lower 
side  (of  a  cloth)  Cs, ;  surface,  sai  of  the  earth ; 


side,  direction,  region,  rlrdn-pai-ldgs-nas  from 
the  part  of  the  feet,  up  from  the  feet  (e.g. 
a  pain  in  the  body  proceeding  up  from  the 
feet)  Sch.;  yyas-logs  the  right  side,  yy&n- 
logs  the  left  side,  frq.;  fsuQryiogs  this  side, 
on  this  side,  pd(ryiogs  the  other  side,  on 
the  other  side;  idgs-su^  Ugs-Ja  aside,  apart, 
^hdg-pa*  C.  to  lay  by,  to  put  aside,  to  put 
out  of  the  way,  to  clear  away,  Ugs-su  dgdr- 
ba,  bkar-ba  means  about  the  same ;  Idgs-su 
bkdl-ba  to  hang  aside,  to  hang  up  in  another 
place;  Idgs-naydd-pa  to  be  distinct,  separate, 
to  live  by  one's  self,  solitarily  Schf.,  Tar, 
45, 18;  Ugs-pa  other,  additional,  by-,  co-, 
spare-,  rgyags  logs-pa  spare-provision,  so 
also  logs  ycig:  fdg-pai  sni-mo  logs  ^'^  the 
other  end  of  a  rope.  —  2.  wall,  *Ug'MP  W. 
id.;  logs-iris  mural  or  fresco  painting  Tar. 
gjr •  Ion  1 .  leisure,  spare-time,  vacant  time, 
time,  loh  ydd'du  r^-la  ndm-zla  ^das 
whilst  you  are  always  hoping  to  have  (still) 
time  (enough),  you  allow  the  favourable  mo- 
ment to  pass  away  Mil.;  similarly:  Ion  yod 
snyam-la  mi-fse  zad  Mil.]  sddd-pai  loh  mM- 
par  without  delay,  immediately,  directly 
(r/r.;  */ia  ydn-loh  med*  C,  W.  I  have  not 
time  to  come;  ^pS-lonydd-na*  if  your  honour 
have  time  to  come  6%  W.]  rd^g^on  ydn-bas 
as  there  will  be  yet  plenty  of  time  to  beat 
(me,  you  had  better  hear  me  now)  Mil.; 
/oh-ytam  Sch. :  'cheerful  talk,  animated  con- 
versation'. —  2.  imp.  of  lah-ba  and  len-pa. 

B|c:'n]'    BJCTT    SJC*^  loh-ka,  Uh'Ua,  Uh- 
' '         •   '  ^  ga  Med,  intestines, 

entrails,  guts;  strictly  takenitis  said  to  denote 
only  the  blind  gut(?);  ydr-'on^  maroon  Cs,: 
the  upper  gut,  the  lower  gut  or  thin  guts, 
thick  guts;  lon-ndd  a  disease  of  the  guts. 
gjr»q^  Idh-ba  1.  pf.  and  secondary  form  of 
Idoh-ba,  as  vb.:  to  be  blind,  and  fig.: 
to  be  infatuated;  as  adj.:  blind,  blinded  etc., 
as  sbst.:  blind  vnKaDzl, — lon-Bind{oT  Jirid- 
pa)  the  guide  of  a  blind  man  Lex. ;  Un-po, 
Uh'ba-po  a  blind  man  Cs, ;  *nye-l6h*  W.  an 
empty  ear  of  corn,  a  tare.  —  2.  also  laiis^ 
pa^  =  IM-pa  Glr,  or  lah-ba  1, 2  Glr, 
gj^.-.  Uh-bu  Stg  y  Uh-mo  Mil.  ankle-bone, 


'Aik^ 


astragal. 


554 


ajC'Sjc;-  IcmAoh 


QJ 


ia 


3jC'5jC'  ^^^'^^^  being  in  pieces,  in  frag- 
ments C,  cf.  bun-Ion, 
jJjrxT'  foiis^  1.  p£  and  imp.  of  lon-ba.  — 
2.  in  conjunction  with  spydd-pa:  to 
use,  to  make  use  of,  to  have  the  use  or  benefit 
of,  to  enjoy,  e.g.  bdi-ba  dan  skyid-pa-la 
happiness  and  prosperity;  Idn-spyod-par 
byd-bai  rgyu  the  object  of  enjoyment,  the 
thing  enjoyed  Stg.\  lorn- spydd  {Ssh  >jt^) 

1.  enjoyment,  fruition,  use,  esp.  with  regard 
to  eating  and  drinking,  lons-spydd  sd-fa  byed 
they  fed  on  meat,  lons-spydd  sin  d^-las  byed 
they  lived  on  (the  fruits  of)  this  tree  Pth, 

2.  plenty,  abundance,  bza-bfun-gi  Idns-apyod 
dpag-tu-med-pa  bsag  Glr.  they  produced  or 
procured  an  enormous  quantity  of  food  and 
drink;  esp.:  riches.  Ions-spy od  c^-ba  great 
riches;  wealth,  property,  Idns-spyod^-kyi  bddg- 
por  gyur  he  became  owner  of  the  property 
DzL\  mcddrpa  byd-bai  Idm-spyod  med  he 
was  not  rich  enough  to  bring  an  o£Pering 
(to  Buddha)  Dzl. 

B5^'^,   5j^'2f  «d-pa,  Ud-po,  V.  Ihdd-pa, 

Sk'St  '^^"P^  Schr.  ^half  through,  through 

'       the  middle,  one  half  (?)'. 
3h*  Ion  notice,  tidings,  message,  lon-bzdh 


good  news,  sprin-ba  to  give  notice,  send 
word,  send  a  message;  Ion  kyur  or  Ion  zer 
has  also  the  special  sense:  send  in  my 
name!  C;  loniig  Icy^-la  hog  let  me  know, 
send  me  word  Pth, 

g^q-  16n-pa  =  lin-pa  1.  to  take,  to  recehfe 
^  etc.  Glr. J  Pth.y  2m  Idn-nam  have  you 
fetched  the  water?  i.e.  are  you  bringing 
the  water?  Pth.;  ndr-bu  mi  Ion  I  shall  not 
receive  the  jewel!  Pth,  —  2.  more  £rq.  the 
word  isused  with  reference  to  time :  to  elapse, 
to  pass,  a.  in  a  general  sense,  h  mdn-po  zig 
Idn-pa  dan  after  many  years  had  elapsed 
DzLy  rih-kig  Idn-fe  after  a  long  time,  rin- 
por  ma  Idn-par  after  a  short  time.  b.  with 
regard  to  the  age  of  a  person:  lo  H  tsam 
Ion  how  old  are  you?  bbi-dr^tg^lon  I  am  six- 
teen Mil, 

gjn*  lob  W,  sometimes  for  lo  year,  and  IS- 
ma  for  Id-ma  leaf. 

fSJCT'n'  '<^^i>«j  pf.,  imp.  Zois,  to  learn,  rarely 
iorsldb'pa;  Wis-pa  the  act  of  learning 
Dzl. 

3«r  /OS,  in  truth,  indeed,  mgdn-skyahs  rah 
los  yin  he  is  indeed  the  helper  (from 
a  hymn  in  praise  of  Buddha). 


SlvA'Vi^^* 


n  1.  the  letter  5a,  the  English  sh,  but  pa- 
'  latal;  in  C.  it  is  distinguished  from  ^  (^a) 
only  by  the  following  vowel  being  sounded 
in  the  high  tone.  —  2.  num. :  27. 

n*  5a  I.  1.  flesh,  meat,  yydg-ha  yak's  flesh, 
'  lug-sa  mutton;  5a  Js6d-pa  (  W.  ^tsd-ce*) 
to  boil  meat;  ha  rhod-pa  (WK  *nd-(ie,  hrdg- 
^^  or  *ldm-ce*)  to  roast  meat;  ^pyi-ha  out- 
ward flesh,  ndn-ha  or  ndn-ca  inward  flesh, 
or  the  entrails'  6s.(?) ;  hd-nas  cdd-pai  bu  Glr. 
the  child  of  my  own  flesh  and  blood;  ha 


-A 


Jirig-pa  sexual  instinct;  ^'d-peha^  ^d-me  ha* 
in  W.  a  vulgar  form  of  attestation ;  surface 
of  the  body,  hat  ri-mo  spots,  stripes  etc.  on 
the  skin  (of  an  animal)  Tar.  —  2.  muscle, 
nii-ha  thoracic  muscle  Mng,  —  2.  for  ha-icog 
V.  compounds. 

II.  V.  hd-ba  and  ha-mo. 

Comp.  ha-bkra  n.  of  a  cutaneous  disease 
Med.  —  ha^skdm  meat  dried  in  the  son.  — 
ha-Kdn  larder;  butcher's  stall.  —  ha-Mu broth. 
—  ha-Uog  the  body  of  a  slaughtered  animal. 


/?.^ 


*^  hva 

< 

without  the  skin^  head,  and  entrails,  ^e-sa 
of  a  large  —  cun-ha  of  a  small  animal.  — 
sa-Urdg  flesh  and  blood,  meton.  1.  for  body, 
sa-Urdg  pdl-ba  a  sound  body  Mil.*  2.  for: 
children  bom  of  the  same  parents  Cs.  — 
sa-Tffydgs  fat  meat.  —  *^a-cug*  Qa  bcug) 
meat  cat  into  strips  and  hung  up  to  dry 
in  the  sun  W.,  C.  {Hook.  II,  183),  —  hcMyhi 
raw  meat.  —  sa-n'jdffSch, :  'soup  with  greens 
in  it\ — m-myih  old  meat.  —  ha-vidog  colour 
of  the  skin,  complexion  DzL  and  elsewh.  — 
^a-mdoff'ldg-pa  Cs,:  ^ys^^Zos,  St.  Anthony's 
fire?  —  ia-ndg  the  lean  of  meat  6^.  —  sa- 
ndd  a  certain  disease  L^.  —  *^a-wa*(lit.-s«a) 
W,  ardour,  zeal?  —  M^spu  feathers,  downs. 

—  ^saspin*  meat  boiled  down  to  jelly  W, 

—  sur^prdg  Alil.f  —  "^hd-bhag -leb*  a  sort 
of  pie  baked  in  oil  C.  —  ha-ho  sheep,  cattle 
or  other  animals  destined  for  slaughter  Mil, 
nt  —  hd'Jm  a  maggot  —  *^a-6wr*  W.  boil, 
abscess,  ulcer;  Sch.i  mark  leftby  alash,weal. 

—  *m'cle*  rice  boiled  with  small  pieces  of 
meat  6'.  —  ^a-sbrdn  flesh-fly,  blue-bottle-fly. 

—  ha-i^min  fleshy  excrescence,  a  little  lump 
in  the  muscular  flesh.  —  sa-bUos  boiled 
meat  —  m-Ud  1,  hot  meat.  2,  friend  Pth.^ 
S,g.,  ha-fsa-han  amicable,  attached  W,  — 
ha-fsdn  dmdr-po  Sch,:  *a  tumour  resembling 
a  weal  or  a  wart'.  —  sa-tsil  the  fat  of  flesh. 

—  m-fsoh-pa  butcher,  dealer  in  meat.  — 
sa-^dzin  1.  a  hook  for  taking  meat  out  of 
a  kettle  6*.,  W.    2.  the  fork  of  Europeans. 

—  ^a  "^dzir  wart.  —  sa^zd,  sa^zdn  1 .  prop. : 
flesh-eater,  carnivorous  animal.  2.  gen.:  a 
class  of  demons,  described  as  fierce  and 
malignant,  Ss^.  ftniT^*  —  sa-zug^  ha-yzug 
=  ztig  2.  —  ha-rdg  dried  apricots,  with  little 
pulp,  and  almost  as  hard  as  stone.  —  ha- 
nd lean  flesh.  —  ha-rU  1.  little  meat-pies. 
2.  y.  ha-ba.  —  la-rug  sauce,  gravy  C,  —  la- 
rid  putrid  meat.  —  ha-rd  a  disease  Wdh,^ 
is  said  to  be  an  induration  of  the  skin,  callus, 
or  perh.  scirrhus.  —  sa-rldn  freslumcat,  raw 
meat,  ha-ysdr  flesh  of  an  animal  that  has 
just  been  killed. 

^  hva  1.  DzL  TS^i  1.  ^ch,:  high  water, 
H    flood,  inundation.  —  2.  Lt:  a  certain 
hereditary  disease  or  infirmity? 


555 


•^'5*  la-^na 


./TT['  la-ha  some  kind  of  game  (?)  Wdh. 
^— .«.  sa-ka-ma^  Ka-ce  la-ka-ma  saffron 

•fl*^^'  ha-kar  Ca.  a  kind  of  sugar. 

jvrf]gr  Ici-kdn,  or  sa-^fidn^Wdn.',  ScL:  gvwdge, 

'  '  ^  resentment,  haired. 
.^prm'  li'kya  Ssk,^  pod-pa  Tib.y  the  mighty, 
q|  ^  the  powerful,  the  bold,  n.  of  the  family 
of  Buddha,  the  founder  of  the  Buddhist 
religion,  and  hence  often  n.  of  Buddha  him- 
self, also  M-kya-fub-pa  (^MiL  rather  boldly 
abbreviates  it  into  lak-fub),  Id-kija-mu-niy 
m-kya-sen-ge, 

^^T|^  la-dkdr  v.  yla-dkar. 

jy^tr  Ici-skdd  the  cawing  or  croaking  of 
'  ^  '   ravens  W, 

sa-skyd  Mhg,f  perh.  dough  mixed  with 
meat. 

hd-Ua-ma^  ld-/ca-ra  =■  la- 


<i 


*fl'P^  la-Hug  Sch.  a  small  bag  or  purse. 

*flw  la-Uyi  Sch.  a  shaggy  dog,  a  poodle. 

-/T^p3^'  la-Ji&n  V.  la-k&n, 

*fl'Hfef  la-gds^  col.  for  lam-gds. 

^(3&3r  la-chi  Lt? 

JT9fS4f^'  ^^''^y^'^i'^)  Lex.y  as  explanation 

^^  la-sta,  =  klu  Wdn. 

n-wqr  Id-stag  1.  also  la-dag  mere,  merely, 
'  ^  '  only,  lyeu  Id-dag  btsds-te  only  sons 
being  born  Dzl. ;  mi  dbul-^pons-pa  Id-stag- 
8te  as  they  are  all  of  them  poor  people  DzL; 
bden-pa-mfoit-ba  Id-stag-tu  gyur-to  they  all 
come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  truth  Tar, 
—  2.  LdAov  (^rtai)ldm(j'la)-btags{-pa)  a 
pack,  a  bundle,  fastened  to  the  saddle  be- 
hind the  rider,  *ld-stag-la  Uol  or  rel  ton* 
tie  it  up,  fasten  it  behind! 

4^  Id-di  Ld.,  Pur.  ape,  monkey. 

^^  la-na  1.  Ssk.  jf^  hemp,  Cs.:  flax,  ^a- 
^   '  nairasStg.y  Sch.:  *fine  linen',  Id-nai 


556 


^i^  M-^os 


gos  a  garment  made  of  fine  linen.  —  2.  v. 
hd'Snay  sab  da. 

*n'2}^  sci-pos  a  thick  blanket  Ld. 

jYQ-    jrn^  sd-ba^  hva-ba  Cs.  W.,  C,  B,  a 

'     '     <      hart,  a  stag,  col.  usually  ^sa- 

i>ts^  J^ j^^-v.  wara-cu  or  rt^^*;  «a-job  the  male  animal, 

M-mo  the  hind,  roe,  la-priig  a  young  deer, 

fawn;  cf.  Ua-swa, 

jr^"  ^a-ma  L  after-birth,  placenta.  —  2. 
'        an  ordinary  coat  made  of  cloth  which 

has  not  been  napped  W. 

ha-mi'lig  parsley  Ld, 


5t>-^- 


tVv-Uw, 


Sv 


dJL 


^^.^  M-mo  C,  B.  {W.  *m6g-sa^)  mush- 
'  room ;  the  various  species  of  fungus 
receive  their  appellations  from  their  colour 
(dkar-sd,  ncu/'sa,  smug-^a^  ier-ha)  or  from 
the  place  where  they  grow  (JdunS'-say  cu- 
da,  lud'SUy  m-da);  the  damp  climate  of 
Sikkim  produces  moreover  *s.(!-fe,  Icd-wa 
and  d^-mo  (sgre-mo)  -sa-mo*^  etc.  Cs,  has 
also  sa-man^  a  thick  kind  of  mushroom. 

*fl'^'5T^'  sa-ra  ^o-rd  (cf .  ys^-pa)  W.  moist 

jTXTn'  ^(i-^^^cb  Ssk  n.  of  a  bird,  Gractda 
qJ        '   religiosa;  a  species  of  jay. 
jT^S'n'  ^u-^i-bu,  ^  iR  U^,  ^'  of  one  of  the 
raj  two  principal  disciples  of  Buddha. 

jTT'  ^ci-f^  !•  hartshorn  Med,  —  2,  n.  of  a 


vein  Med, 


^' 


•^ffo^  ha-ldg  warped,  oblique,  aslant  W. 

hdk'ti  Ssk,\  spear,  lance,  pike, sword, 
Cs,  also  trident;  Dzl. 
^nrn*  ^a^,  iJi  sag-tei'-gas  it  broke,  it  burst 

'   '    asunder  Sch. 
jqqrgr  ^dg-^ia  1 .  C.  small  stones  or  peb- 

'  '  bles,  gravel,  hdg-ma-can  gravelly, 
hag-fdn  a  plain  abounding  with  gravel.  — 
2.  W,  pebble,  hag-rdd  rocky  ground,  covered 
with  a  thin  layer  of  mould  which  only  by 
dint  of  much  irrigation  will  yield  a  scanty 
produce;  hag-rug  gravel,  sdg-sa  earth  mixed 
up  with  pebbles,  stony,  sterile  ground. 
^CT^  sags  1.  joke,  jest,  fun,  hags  f^-ba  byid- 

'  '  pa  to  rally  maliciously,  to  turn  into 
ridicule  with  sarcasms  Glr,;  nan-sdgs  Mil, 
a  bad  joke;  Uorhdgs  v.  Ua,  —  2.  cause  of  a 


contention,  object  of  a  dispute  or  a  qoarreL 
matter  in  dispute  Mil, ;  quarrel,  dispute,  con- 
tention, in  gen.,  *hag  gydg-pa^  C.  to  fight, 
to  quarrel,  to  dispute. 
•flC  hah  V.  yhan. 

'  '    nJ  '  '  kdl-ce*^  hah' 

rig  V.  ycan-po;  ^han-ldg*  a  kind  of  fur,  pert, 
for  sbyan-^ldg  fur-coat  of  wolfs  skin  ZJL 
•/^'f^'  han-Un  sabre,  sword  Pth, 

^pr'^pr*  han-hdn  a  fabulous  creature  ^tb 
'  '  wings  and  bird's  feet,  but  other- 
wise like  a  human  being ;  hah-han-teu  Q : 
pheasant  or  partridge  (^qjj^). 
^nr^  hahs^  resp.  fors/ia,  the  nose,  hahs- 
'  rgyM  Pth,,  hahs-sna  id.;  hans-Mh 
nostril,  hahs-rts^  tip  of  the  nose, 
nr*  had  1.  the  mark  of  punctuation:  |,  also 
'  '  rkyah-hdd  or  lig'hdd;  it  is  a  diacritical 
sign  of  about  the  value  of  our  comma  or 
semicolon;  nyts-hdd  the  double  shad,  ||, 
dividing  sentences,  or,  in  metrical  compo- 
sitions, verses;  bii-^dd  the  fourfold  shad, 
II ||,  at  the  end  of  sections  and  chapters; 
fseg'hdd  the  dotted  shad  (V),  an  ornamental 
form  of  the  ordinary  shad,  always  made  use 
of,  when  a  shad  is  to  be  put  after  the  fir^ 
syllable  of  a  line;  had  byid-pa  Lea:,,  J^^^'^ 
Sch,^  to  make  a  shad.  —  2.  v.  the  followiog 
article. 

1 .  to  comb,  to  curry,  (a  horse),  also  had  rgydg- 
pa,  —  2.  to  brush,  to  sfa*oke,  to  rub  genUy 
with  the  hand  W,\  hdd'fha  Sch,  curry-COnb, 
horse-comb;  *hin'h§*  a  wooden  rake,  ^cag- 
he'*  an  iron  rake  C, 

n^  han  I.  iron  hoop  of  a  barrel  O.  —  2. 
^  '  small  boat,  "hem-pa*  ferry-man  C,  — 
3.  snow-leopard  W,  (cf. ysa),—  L  difference, 
distinction,  han  Jbyid-pa  to  distinguish,  de- 
cide, determine  Mil,  and  elsewh ,  ylari-^ 
han  mi  bgSd-pas  as  nobody  else  is  able  to 
decide  it  Glr, ;  skad-yngis-han^ydr  is  said 
to  be  the  title  of  a  certain  dictionary. 
^(5TC'  ^ci?i-Afa  1.  obtique  W,,  ^hdnr^a-lade- 
'  ' '      c^*  to  cut  off  obliquely ;  han-fer  id^ 


^^ 


^^  Un-pa 

*lam  hanrfir-la  ?a  dfug*  the  road  has  an 
oblique  direction.  —  2.  C. :  place  of  passing 
over  a  river. 

^n^jFf»  sdn-pa  1.  also  b^an-pa,  slaughterer, 
'  '  butcher  Glr.y  sometimes  also  hang- 
man; Mn-Kan  slaughter-house,  butcher's 
shop,  Mn-gri  butcher  s  knife,  han-^b  pol- 
lution by  the  sin  of  slaughtering  an  animal. 
—  2.  master  or  rower  of  a  boat,  boatman. 
hab^b  1.  W.  whispering,  *iai-^6 
tdn-tey  z^'te*  to  whisper.  —  2. 
also  hab-sdb  lie,  falsehood,  hob-hob  byM-pa 
to  lie,  to  cheat;  hab-^ub-can  deceitful,  frau- 
dulent, crafty. 

4W  ^^yPi^'  ^"^'  yham  the  lower  part  of 
^  '  ''  a  thing,  e.g.  of  a  country, 
hdm-pa  a  lowlander  (opp.  to  yiutl-pa  and 
stdilpa);  yhdm-du  adv.  and  postp.  below, 
at  foot,  rdn-leui  hdm-du  JSad  they  will  be 
treated  of  in  their  respective  chapters  Lt ; 
dei  sdm-du  under  it,  underneath  (e  g.  to 
write);  ham-gds^  ham-tdbs,  resp.  sku^hdm  a 
garment  like  a  petb'coat,  worn  by  Tibetan 
priests  and  monks. 

^^^  hdm-bu  flounces,  fringes,  trimmings. 

^njrg'Qi'  hdm-bha-la  SsL,  in  pure  Tibetan 
'  ^  bde-Jbynrijii.  of  a  fabulous  country 
in  the  north  west  of  Tibet,  fancied  to  be  a 
kind  of  paradise;  hdm-bha-lai  Idm^yig  (not 
passport,  but:)  'guide  for  the  journey  to 
Shambhala'. 

nx^  har  (from  hdr-ba)  1.  east,  har-pydffs  id.; 

'     hdr-pa  inhabitant  of  an  eastern  country; 
sar-lhd  south-east.  —  2.  termin.  of  ha^  into 
the  flesh. 
^^'CJ'  ^^^'P^  !•  young  men,  grown-up  youth 

'        (collective  noun)  W,;  perh.  also:  a 
young  man.  —  2.  v.  the  preceding  article. 

.nxrif  hdr-po  1.  W.  adulterer,  *hdr-po  td-te 
'  or  Mur-ce*  to  commit  adultery,  (on 

the  part  of  the  husband.)  —  2.  =  sar-pa  1. 

^nx'S^  hdr-po  a  young  man,  hdr-po  yzdn-nu 
'         ysum  three  young  men  Mil. 

^z^^  hdr-ba  pf.  and  secondary  form  of 
'  Jcdr-ba, 


^^  U-ba 


557 


^^sr 


hdr-ma  1.  ScL:  a  strip  Schr,  har 


rffydb-pa  to  sew  in  long  stitches,  to 
baste  {ScL:  zum  yddb-pd).  —  2.  PT.,  C. 
grown-up  girls  (collective  noun);  a  female (V) 

^^^  hdr-mo  adulteress,  cf.  hdr-po. 

n;^-n;^  ^ar-5aV  straightway,  directly,  5ar-^dr  ^ 


^d^ctCs, 


"li   .^.^^c 


JV^jvr  hai^'SurLd.  furrowed,  having  small 
'    nJ     elevations  and  hollows. 

-PP^  haly  in  ma-hdl  ear-lap,  tip  of  the  ear. 

^noj'fl'  ^^^*«  1-  Sch.  stone-pavement.  —  2. 

'  a  hanOYifhdl-^al'baSch.^*hdl'la  dud-- 

^^  Ld.  to  harrow.>  ^  :    ^'       ^  "  -""^ 
^oj-gr  hdl-ma  Cs. :  a  flint,  sharp-edged  stone; 

'  W,:  stony  ground;  mountain  side 

consisting  of  detritus;  hdl-ma' dan  full  of 
sharp  stones  Cs. 
jTQi'wjJ)'  hdl-ma-li  Ssk.  the  seven-leaved 

'  silk-cotton  tree,  Bombax  hepta- 

phyllum  Stg. 
nxr  has  1.  part,  ca-has  id.;  ^bras  de-las  has 

'  ydig  part  of  this  rice  DzL;  has-hds-su 
bgd-ba  to  distribute,  ...la  among  Dzl. ;  has- 
c4-ba  a  good  deal,  much,  the  greater  part 
of,  zla-mfsdn  has-Ze-bai  Ku-Hrdg  generative 
fluid  in  which  uterine  blood  predominates 
(cf .  Icu-1h*dg  in  Uu-ba)  Wdii. ;  ytt-mug  has- 
"ii-bar  ^ur-ba  excess  of  dullness  or  stu- 
pidity Thgr.;  has-^c^r^  has-c^y  has-ien  in  an 
eminent  degree,  in  an  exceeding  measure. 

—  2.  some,  a  few,  iag-hds  some  days  Mil.; 
^a-has  some,  a  few  Mil.  —  3.  instr.  of  ha. 

^  hi  num. :  57. 

%n'  hi-ba  pf.  and  secondary  form  oiJU-ba. 
^  1.  vb.  to  die,  to  expn*e,  to  go  out  (as 
light,  fire);  hi-bar  gyur-pa-las  when  she 
was  in  a  dying  state  PO^y  hi-zin-pai  ^dg-tu 
after  her  death;  *hi-te  l6g(-yoH)-c^  W.  to 
rise  again  from  the  dead,  *ldn-t^  (lit.  slan- 
ces)  to  raise  from  the  dead.  —  2.  sbst.  the 
state  of  dying,  expiring,  hi-ba-las  sos  awa- 
kened from  a  dying  state  frq.;  cf.  also  comp. 

—  3.  partic.  and  adj.  hi-ba  sds-par  by^d- 
par  gyur  one  already  dying  still  recovers 
Do. ;  hi-bai  lus  the  body  of  the  deceased  Do. 


558 


•3'^^r  hi-rig 


la;, 


•^^' 


Comp.  hi'ki-ma,  JH-Ua-ma  1.  sbst.  dying, 
death,  si-ki^ia-^m  in  dyiog.  —  2.  adj.  dying, 
U'ki-ma  yod  (or  ^ci-Ma-ma  yod)  he  is  at  the 
point  of  death,  he  is  at  death's  door.  —  *^/- 
Uan*  col.  the  deceased,  the  dead.  —  U-%ho 
Sell. :  'blessing  for  one  deceased*.  —  sir-cos 
religious  ceremonies  for  the  dead  Sch.  — 
«i-»a  flesh  of  animals  that  have  died  of  them- 
selves, the  only  flesh  which  a  strict  Bud- 
dhist is  allowed  to  eat,  and  which  accord- 
ingly in  Buddhist  countries  is  frequently 
consumed. 

•/^'^^  si-rig  W.  clinking,  jingling. 

•S**!!^*  ^rdg  W.  a  sort  of  early  barley. 

sl'la  Ssk.  for  UnmSj  fsul-lmms  custom, 

manner,  moral  law. 
^pr  sig  1.  tor  cig  (q.v.)  after  a  final  s.  — 
'  '  2.  louse,  mi-sig  common  louse,  lug-sig 
sheep-louse,  tick,  Uyi-sig  flea,  (Ihay^dre-sig 
bug;  *dag  (lit.  brag)'sig'pa*  W.  mite,  wood- 
louse,  tick;  hig  Ju-ba  B.,  *ltd'Ce^  liig-ce*  W. 
to  look  for  lice,  to  louse,  ^  bsdl-ba  to 
clean  from  lice;  sig-dan  Sch.  also  h'g-po  or 
hg-sig-po  infested  with  lice,  lousy;  stg-ndd 
pedicular  disease;  sig-srd  lice  and  nits>S.-5r. 

'  '  '  '  '  '  '  '•  1.  standing  or  lying 
close  together,  close-banded  MiL  nt,  C,  cf. 
ysig-pa^  yhib-pa,  —  2.  trembling,  tottering, 
wavering;  with  mig:  looking  this  way  and 
that,  looking  about,  perh.  also :  rolling  (the 
eyes). 

•S2n^(^'>ATOr  %<-«^)-%«  POcWng,  as 
'   '  ^   \  \      trees  moved  by  the  wind 

MiL;  sigs'h'gs  yam^ydm  waving,  moving  to 
and  fro,  shaken  etc.,  also  fig.  Pth. 
%r^  sin  I.  gerundial  particle  for  cin  after 
'  a  final  s. 
II.  sbst.  1.  tree,  bza-Hh  fruit-tree,  rtst- 
Un  V.  r&i';  Ijdn-sin  a  beautiful  green  leafy 
tree,  skdm-sih  a  dry  withered  tree.  —  2. 
wood,  sin  iig  some  wood;  Mn-sin  timber, 
timber-wood,  bud-sin  firewood,  fuel,  skdm- 
sin  dry  wood;  yam-sin  Cs,:  'a  small  quan- 
tity of  wood  thrown  into  the  fire  for  sacri- 
fice'. —  3.  a  piece  of  wood,  log,  billet,  *Hn 


nyi  sum  fob*  W.  put  two  or  three  pieces  (to 
the  fire);  stump,  stub  of  a  tree  Glr,;  *tih 
pag-gi  sin*  W.  gun-stock;  srog-sin  axk, 
axle-tree. 

Comp.  sin-kir-ti  a  carrying-frame  ZA  -. 
hiii-kyu  a  wooden  hook.  —  sin-rkan  Sckr, 
a  wooden  leg,  a  crutch.  —  Hn-rked  the  upper 
part  of  the  trunk  of  a  tree.  —  sin-Uak  1. 
a  wooden  house,  log-house.  2.  shed  or  cot- 
house  for  wood.  —  sin-^  sap,  juice  of  trees. 
— sin-Hur  a  load  of  wood.  —  stn-Kri  wooden 
chair.  —  Un-mUan  worker  in  wood,  car- 
penter, joiner.  —  Un-rgdn  Sch.  wood  pecker, 
Hn-rgon  Icrd-bo  the  spotted  woodpecker, 
sin-rgon  mgo-ndg  black  woodpecker.  — 
sin-7gydl  a  tree  of  extraordinary  height  or 
circumference,  a  giant -tree.  —  sin-mndr 
licorice  ScL,  Wis.;  a  sort  of  cinnamon  IF. 

—  sih'ids  1.  wooden  utensils,  implements. 
2.  tools  for  working  wood  Sch.  —  sin-tog^ 
Un-fog  fruits  of  trees,  fruit  —  hin-rta  v.  that 
article.  —  sin-stan  chopping-block  Ld.  — 
sih-fags  wooden  enclosure.  —  sin-fun  wood- 
picker,  gatherer  of  wind -fallen  wood.  — 
sin-dum  log,  billet,  block.  — sin-dra  wooden 
lattice- work;  wooden  paling  C,  W. — sin- 
drun-pa  one  sitting  under  a  tree,  i.e.  an 
ascetic.  Bum.  I,  309.  —  sin-ydugs  the  leafy 
crown  of  a  tree  Sch,  —  Un-sddn  trunk,  sten 
of  a  tree;  a  tree;  block.  —  kin-prdn  a  smaU 
tree,  a  shrub,  bush  ScK  —  sin-bdl  cotton 
from  the  cotton-tree  Cs.,  c£  sal-ma-li-sui. 

—  sin-bu  a  small  piece  of  wood,  sin-bu  sor- 
bzi-pa  a  piece  of  wood  four  inches  broad  or 
long  Tar.  —  sih-Jbrds  fruit.  —  sinsmdn 
medicine  prepared  from  wood  Sch.  —  sin- 
rtsd  root  pf  a  tree.  —  siii-rtsi  resin  Cs.  — 
8in-rts4  top  of  a  tree.  —  ^n-^a  cinnamon 
(having  a  ^saltish'  taste,  as  is  expressly 
stated  S.g.)\  *sin-fse  Idb-ma*  W.  bay-leaf, 
laurel-leaf.  —  sin-fsdl  chip,  shaving,  splinter. 
*sih-ts6gs*  W.  forest.  —  siii-ylon  a  wooden 
basin,  trough,  tub.  —  *sin-l6g*  (lit.  bh>^) 
chip,  splint  W.;  shavings  brought  off  by  the 
plane  C.  —  ^n-zdn  wood-rasp  Sch,  —  *«wi- 
z^l^  a  small  chip,  a  very  small  and  thin  pieee 
of  wood,  a  splinter,  *sin-zel  zug  son*  W.  I 
have  run  a  splinter  into  (my  hand  or  foot). 


C 


•flC^<3r  Hh-kun 


v>  -xt^ 


fjf  '-!&>'      .Or^--/.,       -y^'--..       '.^-•A       t^- 


i-/-'-  /<A^  u  '.'  ^    ^  --f^^- 


^  ^ 


559 


^'  % 


^Un-z6g  W,  a  rasp.  —  Un-yzir  a  peg.  —  «e/i- 
Ub  board,  plank.  —  Hh-hun  the  bark  of 
ti*ees.  —  Hn-sM  a  rasp. 
^TldT  ^^^  '  ^^^  ^^  foetida,  used  as  me- 

'    \i  '  dicine,  and  (like  garlic)  as  a  spice; 
also  n.  of  a  mountain  pass  between  Lahoul 
and  Zahkar. 
^^•*»^/«-rfa  (^wooden  horse')  waggon,  carl, 

•  /  carriage,  also  fig.  =  tig-pa,  e.g.  Mn- 
Ha  'fhi'^  frq.  in  the  writings  of  TsonHapa; 
sin-rta-Jidr-h  id.;  Un-rtai  Man-hzdn  the 
body  of  a  carriage,  Mh-^^tai  mda  the  pole, 
beam,  shaft  of  a  cart,  Jidh-h  the  wheel, 
fy^,  lam,  hd,  arol  the  track,  rut  (of  a  cart) 
t«.;  Hh'rta  rkan-yciff  Sch,  wheelbarrow; 
Uh-rta-mUan  Cs,  maker  of  carts,  cartwright; 
Hn-rta-pa  1.  carter,  driver,  coachman.  2. 
charioteer. 
%zr  sid  J .  Sch,  hazel-nut  —  2.  also  y^dr 

'  '  yhidr-may  ysid-stdn^  yhid-zdn  funeral  re- 
past, of  which  every  body  may  partake ;  sid- 
m  religious  funeral  ceremony;  itd-sa  Sch, 
1.  burying  ground,  cemetery.  2.  a  fruitful 
field  =  yUn-sa,  Cf.  yUn. 
^is^  stn-tu  very,  greatly,  esp.  before  adj. 

'  ss   and  adv.,  in  B,  frq. 

•3^  sib  v.  sib. 

3^^'  sib-pa  v.  sub-pa  to  whisper. 

^^q-^Qiw-  sih'si-lu'lu  or  lii-ru  Ld,  hip, 
'       'the  fruit  of  the  dog-rose. 

^S^jVTS  ^^^^^^-p<^  Cs.  a  kind  of  tree  or 

'    ^       wood. 
3^    ^j^'^j^*  ^^^''j  sir-sir,  witJi  J6n-pa  Cs. 

'    '      '       '      to  gush  out,  to  stream  forth 
with  a  noise. 

-fPT^  sil-ba  W.  to  drip  through. 

SOTS'  ^^^"'*  ^  gauze-like  texture  W. ;  sU- 
'  sil  1 .  id.  2.  Cs, :  'a  cant  word  denoting 

the  noise  of  any  thing'. 
^^  «w  good  luck,  fortune,  bliss;  dej)yitn-na 
'  Ms  if  that  happens,  it  will  be  an  auspi- 
cious sign,  sis-pai  min  a  name  foreboding 
good  Lt,  mi  kis-pai  Itas  an  omen  forebodiog 
ill  WdrL;  bstdn-pai  sis  ace.  to  Schl.  232 
denotes  the  religious  plays  performed  in  the 


convents.  Cs,:  his{-pa)^o  one  blessed,  his- 
pa  yin-pa  to  be  blessed,  ^is-par  ^gyur-ba 
to  become  blessed,  sis-par  bydd-pa  to  make 
blessed,  to  bless;  bkra-sis  v.  bkrd-ba. 
jy  ^u  1,  ace.  to  Cunningham  and  other 
N»  English  authorities  the  Tibetan  word  for 
stag;  yet  as  none  of  the  many  Tibetans, 
from  different  parts  of  the  country,  that  were 
consulted  by  us,  seemed  to  know  this  word, 
it  is  not  unlikely,  that  in  consequence  of 
indistinct  hearing  it  is  but  a  corruption  of 
ka  -  ba  (q.  v.).  —  2.  *sii-^u  jM-pa*  C.  to 
whistle.  -  3.  num.:  87. 
jTrcn'  ^-ddg  n.  of  a  plant  Med.\  Sch, :  the 
n]^  '  rush. 

n*q*  sii-ba  I.  sbst.  1.  an  abscess,  ulcer,  sore 
nJ  Cs,:  hu-ba  Jon  an  abscess  rises,  na 
gives  pain,  pan  heals;  *hi-J)iir*  W,,  and 
prob.  also  su-fdr  Med ,  id  ;  *su-ndg  and  bd- 
hi*  W,  a  sore  that  has  become  inflamed  and 
rankling.  —  2.  scab,  scurf,  scald  W. 

11.  vb.,  pf.  (6)^,  fut.  bsu,  imp.  (b)su(8), 
1.  to  take  off,  pull  off,  draw  off,  yidn-gyi 
gos  to  take  off  a  person's  clothes,  gd-  ?a 
armour,  mts6n-ca  arms,  we^vpons  Pth.;  to 
strip,  strip  off,  e.g.  leaves,  twigs,  pdgs-pa 
the  skin,  the  peel,  hence  (also  without  j^^d^rs- 
pa)  to  skin,  to  pare,  to  peel  W.,  e.g.  *'d-lu 
hu-be*  to  peel  potatoes;  gyab-siis  coat  of 
wool  shorn  from  a  sheep,  fleece  Ld.  —  2. 
to  copy,  dpe  a  book,  resp.  ial-sds  byid-pa 
Cs.;  dpe-bhus  a  copied  book  C 
jxA-  stc-bham  Ssk.,  sometimes  at  the  end 
nJ^  of  books,  hail!  all  hail! 
JTX:^f^\  ^u-ra-se{-na)  n,  of  a  tract  of 
nJ  '  •  land  in  the  neighbourhood  of 

Mathura,  not  far  from  Agra  WdJc. 
^S^TI*  ^^"^*-^«  Tar.  63,  8,  prob.  also  ^u- 
\S  '  lig  Sch.,  n.  of  a  fabulous  country 
in  the  north-west.  <!<*'.*- 
mr  sug  \.  di  thrust,  push,  knock,  *stig  cem- 
>J  *  pojh^'-pa^  to  push  off,  to  give  a  knock, 
to  elbow,  differing  from  ^pul-ba  to  shove 
(by  a  more  gentle  motion)  C.  —  2.  in 
comp.:  kyo-hug,  v.  %o;  ^w^-fea  wife,  con- 
sort, spouse  Schr.  —  3.  W.:  old,  but  still  fit 
for  use.  —  4.  mg-sug-la  col.  for  hub -bur 
softly,  gently,  e.g.  ^grd-ba  to  walk,  to  tread  etc. 


560 


i 
i 


•^'Pf  ivg-gu 


<s 


'-«  .'. 


^f|ST|'2T|'  liig-gu  W.  for  ^d^-&M. 

nqi-q-  sug-pa  1.  the  high,  cypress-like 
n]  '  juniper-tree  of  the  Himalaya  moun- 
tains, the  pencil  cedar  (Jt^m^^n^s  exceka).  It 
covers  large  mountain  tracts,  is  considered 
sacred,  and  much  used  in  religious  cere- 
monies; its  berries  (hig-Jbrds)  are  burnt  as 
incense.  —  hig-dud  the  smoke  or  perfume 
of  juniper. — hug-fsir  Med,i}iQ  youftg  pointed 
sprouts  of  this  tree.  —  sug-tsdd  a  sort  of 
mistletoe,  Viscum  Oxycedri^  growing  on  it 
and  gradually  killing  it.  The  leaves  have 
a  slightly  sour  taste  and  are  used  for  culi- 
nary purposes  W,  —  rgya-^ug  ace.  to  C«.  = 
spd-maJuniperm  squamosa^  a  low  shrub  and 
similar  to  our  Juniperus  communis.  But  a 
passage  of  the  Stg,  shows  that  its  fruits  are 
eaten  like  pease  or  rice,  which  cannot  be 
imagined  of  j  u  niper-berries  or  cypress  cones ; 
cf.  spd-ma,  —  2.  in  hug-pa  ^pud-pa  Sch.^ 
V.  sub  ^pud-pa. 

nqi^  ^^linherentstrength,  power,  energy, 

\J  '  c.  genit.:  dddrpai^  bydms-paiy  dgd- 
bai  hugs'kyi»  by  the  power  or  ardour  of  faith, 
love,  joy,  e.g.  to  shed  tears,  =  to  weep  with 
joy  etc.  Glr.  and  elsewh. ;  yHn-gyi  higs  dgag 
mi  by  a  the  impulse  to  make  water  must  not 
be  suppressed  Medr^  o^^'^ff  sndn-gyi  sbyin- 
augs  yin  this  is  the  power  of  former  alms 
or  presents  Glr.\  fugs-ryei  hugs-kyis  by  the 
power  of  grace  Do.;  der  sleb^ai  sugs  the 
power  or  ability  of  attaining  to  that  place 
T/igr.;  without  a  genit.:  sugs-kyis  =  rdn- 
higs'kyis  spontaneously,  of  one's  own  accord, 
^gs'kyis  yon  they  will,  no  doubt,  come  of 
their  own  accord  Mil,;  higs  by^d-pa  to  exert 
one's  self(?);  higS'Stdbs  =  higs;  snd-kcgs 
^dren-^a  Cs, :  'the  accenting  the  first  syllable'. 
—  2.  col.  also  subs  and  htd^  mostly  in  com- 
pounds :  hxigs'skad  MU,y  sitge-sgra^ col.  ^sug- 
ra*  a  whistling,  a  whistle  or  whiff;  sugs-glu 
1.  a  whistling.  2.  a  whistled  tune,  ^sug-^a 
jlW-pa*  to  whistle  a  tune  C. ;  hugs-pa  a  small 
whistle  which,  in  sounding  it,  is  put  quite 
into  the  mouth. '^^3*l<^'•<;^^  U^^^cif-^  . 

>J  '      •     rm  Sigh,  groan,  mgs  nar  byid-pa 


'  ^ppX  hid 

No 

or  Jyyin-pa  to  sigh,  to  groan,  sugs-rin  nar 
ndr  Jtug  he  heaves  a  deep  sigh  MU,  nt 
jrr'n'  ^n-buy  p£  huhsy  1.  to  snore.  —  2.  to 
NO         hum,  to  buzz,  e.g.  of  a  large  beetle. 

•A^'  hud  V.  hugs  2. 

nr-n-  hud-pa  pf.  fut  bhud,  1.  to  rub,  e.g. 
>J  '  one  thing  against  another  C.  —  2. 
to  get  scratched,  excoriated,  galled  (cf.  hun^ 
pa),  —  S.hud  byid'pa  (  W.  ^bd-ce"^  to  steal 
silently  away,  to  sneak  off  unperceived. 
^^qyq*  hurirpa  bark,  rind,  peel,  skin,  huvMg, 
n1  '  hun-pdgs  id.,  the  last  expression  is 
also  used  of  the  skin  of  animals  Lex,  — 
pyi-hun  the  outer  rind  or  skin,  ndn-hin  the 
inner  rind;  bdr-hun  the  middle  rind,  the 
bast,  esp.  of  willows  Sch.:  hun-kog  Idns-pa 
the  spontaneous  chapping  or  peeling  off  of 
the  skin;  hun-^mdn  bOX-WOOd. 
j3fl"Cr  ^^'^^y  *^s^  hib-pay  pf.  imp.  hubs^  to 
nJ  speak  in  a  low  voice,  to  whisper,  hub 
byidrpa  id.;  ^Kog-hub-la  sil-ce*  W,  to  read 
in  a  low  voice,  to  read  whispering;  hiibAm 
a  whispering,  hvb-bus  zld-ba  to  recite  in  a 
low  voice  Lex.y  hvb-bur  smrd-ba  B.y  ^hub-la 
z^'be*  W,  to  speak  softly;  hub-bus  sniddrpa 
to  reprehend  in  a  whisper  B, 
^nn^  ^^^  ^^^y  covering,  sheath,  paper  bag 
>s3  etc.  frq.;  rkan-hubs^  resp,  iabs-huk 
stocking,  sock,  gri-hubs  knife-case  or  sheath, 
m)e'hubs  Y.m)e;  lag-hubs^  resf,  pyag-subs 
glove. 

n^^y  hum-pay  pf.  (b)humSy  ft.  bhumy  imp. 
*^  (6)mw(8),  1 .  to  weep,  ma  hum  mdzod 


do  not  weep!  nu-^m  MU.  weeping,  lameii' 
tation.  -—  2.  to  tremble  (?)  gran -hum  Lt, 
Schr,  gran-hum  byid-pa  to  tremble  or  shiver 
with  cold,  to  shudder. 
^HX'fl-  hur-ba^  pf.  fut.  Jswr,  imp.  (b)hury  1. 
nP  to  bum  slightly,  to  singe.  —  2.  to 
cut  off. 

^x:iT  hur-bu  1.  girdle,  belt  Lea:.;  hur-bu- 
nI  ^  p^eu  Zam,  id.  (ace.  to  Sch.).  —  2. 
Cs,:  sore,  ulcer.  —  3.  Ts.:  dumpling  of  flour, 
=  Mo-lag. 

npv  ^n.  an  empty  place,  a  place  that  has 
>j  been  left,  that  is  no  longer  occupied, 
rdn-hul  stdns-nas  your  own  place  becoming 


^fl^■^  sul-pa 


^^%^ 


561 


ser^pytn 


empty,  by  yoar  quitting  it  MU,  sul-du  Im- 
ped nor  all  the  things  left  behind  in  the 
camp  Glr,;  ddn-tee  Idns-pai  hiil-du  instead 
of  the  coin  which  had  been  taken  away 
(there  appeared  . . .)  DzL\  Kydd-kyi  M-du 
in  the  place  which  you  occupied  during  your 
life  Thgr.\  hence  in  a  looser  sense:  ftfetiw- 
md  rrUdrpai  kul'du  on  the  occasion  of  the 
queen's  absence  Glr.\  in  the  same  manner 
Tar.  103, 16, 19,  and  also  thus:  deihtd-du 
Glr.  51  during  her  absence.  —  2.  track,  mt, 
of  a  carriage,  furrow,  of  a  plough  DzL,  way, 
road;  also  in  a  gen.  sense:  sul  fag-rin  a  long 
way  Glr,;  hil-ldm  =  sul\  ace.  to  Cs,  also 
manner,  method.  —  3.  any  thing  left  behind 
by  a  person  departed,  or  by  a  thing  re- 
moved, as  cur-hily  mar-hd,  pye-hd  that  little 
water,  butter  or  flour  which  adheres  to  the 
vessel  emptied,  but  not  washed;  me-hil  the 
extinguished  cinders  left  by  a  fire;  property 
left  by  a  deceased  person  hd  tsdn-ma  ydg- 
po-la  fob  his  servant  gets  all  the  property 
left  (by  his  master)  W,,  C,  pa-^l  paternal 
inheritance,  patrimony;  pa-hdr^dziiv-pa  the 
heir  C;  hil  yah  mi  ^dug  nothing  at  all  is 
left;  ^hulr^med-Kan  to*  W,  finish  it  at  once! 
eat  it  all  up!  hu-tean-po  one  that  eats  all 
up,  clears  his  trencher  (a  good  trencher- 
man) T%. 

.ppyzT  ^i-p^y  bhul-pa  Cs.:  backbone,  back, 
nJ  posteriors;  hU-m  the  flesh,  the 
muscles  of  the  back,  hulrrgyiis  the  fibres, 
the  nerves  of  the  back;  Sch.'.  6^Mn  smell 
of  excrements,  hd-byi  polecat,  fitchet 

^nxr  his  1.  v.  hi-ba.  —  2.  his  JUbs-pa  to 
\J      whistle  S.g. 

•fl?r^  sus-ma  any  thing  copied,  a  copy  Cs. 

^  he  \.  Cs.  he-stag,  he-dag  =  sa-stdg  mere, 
'    only,  nothing  but  —  2.  num.:  117. 

3*^  kS-na  V.  dS-na. 

•fl*^  hS-pa  V.  sis-pa, 

^qj;i-  he-bdm  Cs. :  =  fo-yig  a  kind  of  con-     ^^ 
'  tract  or  bargain.  "^ 

^w  hd-ma  (for  tjd-ma  or  ybis-maf)  W. 
^        noblewoman,  lady  of  rank  or  quality, 


lady,  ^U-ma  cuh-nu^  hefmriurf  nobleman's 
daughter,  young  lady.  Miss. 
^Jjr •  he  -  vnAh  Sch. :   '  divine  predestina- 
'  tion,  divine  protection ;  nature,  fate, 

destiny;  power;  origin  of  power  or  autho- 
rity ;  strength',  force,  the  latter  signification 
also  in  Wts,  (?). 

■^^^  he-rul  Sch.:  fetid,  putrid. 

Jqm-  heg  1 .  imp.  of  yhSgs-pa,  resp.  for  hog. 

'   '   — 2.  the  Arabian  ^SA^i,  chieftain,  elder, 
senior.  —  3.  C.  col.  for  hed  I. 
3r'  hed  I.  strength,  force,  =  stdbs,  mfu,  C. 

'  '  also  heg;  dpd-Hn hed-ce  a  mighty  hero 
Thgy.;  hid-han  strong,  vigorous,  powerful; 
hid-Tno  1.  sbst.  =  hedf  2,  adj.  =  hed-dan  T«., 
^hi-mo  gydg-pa  yin*  he  is  strong  and  stout, 
hed-m^d  powerless,  weak,  hed-TrUdrkyi  rtd- 
bos  rkan-fdn  mgyogs  one  travels  quicker  on 
foot  than  on  a  weak  horse;  hed-^n  weak, 
feeble,  frail,  e.g.  Itis  Lt.;  hed  Jbri  strength 
decreases,  begins  to  fail,  ysos  is  restored, 
nyams  is  impaired;  hed  skySd-pa  to  grow  fat 
Sch.:  *to  protect;  to  make  haste';  *7m  Hg- 
la  hed  ^-be*  W.  to  strengthen  a  person; 
*hed  dan  nyi-be"*  W,  to  rub  well,  forcibly; 
*hed  idr-te  (sbyar-te)  conT  run  and  jump !  *hed 
Idr-te  gyob*  swing  your  arm  and  throw!  W. ; 
^hed-kyer-ndg-pg*  by  force,  with  violence, 
e.g.  *tan*  he  forced  it  on  (me)  W.  (cf.  nan) ; 
hedrpO'M  a  strong,  powerful  man  Thgy.;  hM- 
bu  Lea.  id. ;  hed-bddg  Sch.  one  having  power 
or  authority,  a  lord,  ruler.  —  *hed'wdh* 
W.  force,  violence,  *hedrwdn  dan*  by  force, 
e.g.  to  take,  *hedrwdn  tdh-be*  W.  to  violate, 
to  force  (a  girl). 

U.  the  approximate  direction,  region, 
quarter,  nyi-mai  ^og  hid-na  below  the  sun, 
i.e.  between  the  sun  and  the  horizon  Mil.; 
W.:  *gan  hid-la*  in  what  direction?  where- 
to? *de  hid-la*  about  in  that  direction;  *gan 
hed  n§  (lit  ynas)  hg-tu*  to  some  place  or 
other. 

•3<3r  hen(^)  floor  of  a  house  or  room  W. 

^: 

division  of  the  Kan-gyur. 


f*.  her-pyin  abbreviation  for  hes-rdb- 
'  kyi  pd-rol-tu  pyin-pay  the  title  of  a 


36 


562 


^q"  Ur-ba 


^ho 


•^i 


^^ 


q*  lir^a^  pf.  hler^  to  compare,  to  oen- 
front  Cs. 

^^p^  hel  ciTstal,  glass  Dzl.  and  elsewh. ;  ace. 
'  to  Sfg,  the  moon  also  consists  of  such 
crystal  C%,:  rdn-kel  native  crystal,  biu-kel 
artificial  crystal,  glass;  mdn-hd  Pth,  prob. 
=  ^el;  8po8-M  amber;  me-Ul  burning-glass, 
hir^d  ^ijpinif  a  fabulous  magic  stone  sup- 
posed to  have  the  power  of  producing  water 
or  even  rain. 

Comp.  kelrk&r  or  -^or  a  tumbler.  —  hel- 
dkdr=helOlr, —  hel-Kdn  glass-works,  glass- 
manufekctory  Schr.  —  ielsgdn  globe  of  glass 
Mil.  —  iel^gd  glass-door.  —  heUnrdd  crys- 
tal —  heUmdd,  ielrspydd  a  crystal  or  glass 
vesseL  —  heUprih  a  string  of  glass-beads. 
—  ^i-iwmglass-bottle.  —  hel^mig  spectacles, 
spy-glass,  telescope. 

-P^  lei  V.  ces. 

rcr  ^"P^  (synon.  rig-^a^  resp.  mKyen- 
pa)  I.  vb.,  1.  to  know,  perceive,  ap- 
prehend, bzdn-bar  his-fa  to  find,  to  know 
a  thing  to  be  good  Olr.\  brtdgs-na  mi  hes 
when  (the  soul)  is  searched  for,  it  is  not  to 
be  perceived  or  apprehended  Mil, ;  ISa-pai 
bio  ingenivm  sapiens  Dzl. \  rm-hes-pa^dag 
those  who  do  not  care  for  knowing  (a  thing) 
Ddr.mhis  £.,  C,  *H  ke*  W.  (Uke  the  Hindi 

WT  Wl%) ^^^  ^^  ^^'^  ^^y  ^^9  ^^^  mile- 
iPan  a  know-nothing,  ignoramus,  dunce;  */Po- 
rdn  md  U-Uan  l^nrTno  Hg  hor  dug^  W.  he 
is  said  to  be  an  extremely  clever  (learned 
etc.)  man;  me-^  dgu  iSs-pa  knowiag  (even) 
the  unknown  things,  knowing  every  thing 
Thgy.]  ban-h^  id.;  *na-rdn  ton  he*  W.  I 
know  it  from  having  seen  it;  Us'^ar  gywt 
1 .  he  will  know.  2.  he  comes  to  know,  he 
learns;  hes-par  gyis  hig  1.  know!  2.  let  it 
be  known!  hes-biin-du  V3^oym%^  knowingly, 
with  (my)  knowledge;  hMes^a  =  h^-pa^ 
yet  cf.  sub  no,  —  2.  to  understand,  =  gd- 
bay  don  the  sense  6lr,;  nas rtsis  hes  I  under- 
stand mathematics;  to  be  able,  in  a  general 
sense,  also  physically:  *ghan  he-pa*  C.  to 
one's  best  ability,  to  the  utmost  of  one^s 
power  Q^)intU'kyi8B,y  ^bifub-Kan*  W,); 
Krdg-gi  gon  ^gul  h^-pa  a  clot  of  blood  that 


could  only  quiver  (though,  in  fact,  a  human 
being)  CHr.;  esp.  with  a  negative:  smra  mi 
sSs-pa  not  being  able  to  speak,  dgye  dgu  mi 
hes  they  cannot  be  bent  or  curved  Med.  — 
3.  to  be  convinced,  to  be  of  opinion,  to  think, 
su-la  yan  mdzd-ior  ma  hes  do  not  think  uiy- 
body  to  be  your  friend ! 

Il.sbst.  (=>=  rig-pa)  1.  the  knowing  (aboat 
a  thing),  knowledge.  —  2.  science,  learning, 
his-^a-la  zdg^iu  Itd-ba  to  look  upon  science 
as  a  (sort  of)  cheating.  —  3.  inteNectaal 
power,  intelligence,  iSs-pa  fibs  the  intellect 
(of  infants)  is  still  very  weak  Lt.^  ysal  is 
clear  Pth.  —  4.  the  SOUl  or  spirit,  separate 
from  the  body  7%^.,  Mil. 

Comp.  *he-gyd*  talent(?)  C,  W.  —  ^if- 
gyu'*  character  C,  W.,  ^he-gyu'  nem-^*  » 
bad  character.  —  kes-^ddd  desire  of  know- 
ledge, curiosity  of  mind  Mil.  ies-ldan^  se^ 
bUhlddn^a  1.  knowing,  rich  in  wisdom.  2. 
very  learned  Sir!  —  hh-pOy  sds-pa^  one 
that  knows  or  understands,  a  knower  Ck. 
—  his-bya  1.  what  may  be  known  or  ought 
to  be  known,  hMya  kun  every  thing  worth 
knowing,  all  the  sciences.  2.  knowing,  con- 
scious, wilful?  h^'byad  sgrUhpa  contamina- 
tion by  vnlful  sins  Do.f  —  hes-byed  Aat 
which  knows,  the  understanding. —  Us-bUn 
consciousness  (v.  above  hes-bUnrdH)^  drem- 
pa  dan  ies-bUn-ban  yin-te  Gyatok.  97^^  1* 
(cf.  Bu/i'n.  n,  806,  5);  hhrhhn  may,  accord- 
ingly, be  used  for  ^nscienco'  in  a  christian 
sense.  —  ^-yo#i  Ts.  =  hes^gya.  —  he^^ret 
(hut)  ^'  ^gi^^^  knowledge',  wisdoni,  b^ 
telligence,  understanding,  talent,  he»-rab  ce-ia 
very  talented,  gifted  (e.g.  a  boy)  MiL;  hes- 
rdb  dan  Iddn  -pa  id. ;  des  -  rab  -  spyan  the 
(mystic)  eye  of  wisdom  SchL  p.  210.  —  ses- 
reJMiswa  TcMraxacumy  dandelion,  also  used 
as  food.  —  ses-^dbJeyi  pdrrol-tu  j^-p^ 
HUfMKf^flb  the  having  arrived  at  the 
other  side  of  wisdom,  n.  of  that  section  of 
the  Kangyur  which  treats  of  philosophical 
matters. 

Jf  ho(Cs,:  U-mo)  I.  die,  dice,  ho  rgyAipa 
^  to  dice,  ho  rtsi-ba  to  play  at  dice,  ho- 
^gyidnpa  (Soh.  KyS^  as  imp.)  id.?  —  ^ 
rgydlriaot  pdm-pa  to  win  or  lose  at  playing; 


r:)hc  •  A^^  /^ 


r(  •  '^^, 


^^^Cjpr  io-gdm 


:^         vr      o       c. 


dea 


s(Hrgydn  Cs.  the  money  or  stake  deposited 
at  dice-playing;  rtsis-^oi  rdeu  MU.y  ho-rdd 
HW.,  an  attribute  of  certain  deities;  h(h-mig 
the  points  of  dice,  sch^mig  y%um-par  (or  -po- 
ia)  Jbdb-na  when  three  points  arc  thrown. 
Tibetans  play  with  three  dice  marked  with 
6  and  1^  5  and  4,  3  and  2  on  opposite  sides, 
hence  from  3  to  18  points  may  be  thrown. 

II.  1.  the  white  willow  of  Spiti^  Ld,  and 
other  Himalayan  districts.  —  2.  other  plants 
rgya-ho^  luff-^of  Wdn. 

III.  =  6foa-ma  blast,  blight,  smut^  mildew 

a. 

IV.  for  hchgam,  q.  v. 
V.  num.:  147. 
^Jijwf-  ho-gam  custom,  duty,  tax,  ho-gdm  Idi- 
^    '       ba  W.  *lHn-te*  high  duty,  ho-gam 
len-pa  to  take  toD,  "to  levy  a  duty;  ho-gdm 
bzld'ba  Sch. :  'to  smuggle,  to  circumvent  or 
defraud  the  customs' (?);  ho-gdm- gyi  ynas 
custom-house;  ho^gdm-pa  receiver  of  the 
customs,  toll-gatherer;  *h'idl,  ho-du!*  Ti. 
tax,  duty. 
5T($'  5d-?a  a  kind  of  steel-yard  C. 

3f  ^  ho-ma^  v.  «a-?wo,  mushroom  Mil 

5??IC^'  ho-mdn  a  medicinal  herb  Med, 

•+T^  ^(^a saltpetre,  nitre,  ^d-ra- can  nitrous. 

^^»  ho-ri,  adj.,  damaged,  spoiled,  by  being 
'  partially  broken,  torn  etc.,  sbst. :  a  de- 
fect, flaw,  notch,  gap,  also  hare-lip;  ^ho-ri 
son*  it  is  damaged,  ^h-re  ton  son*  a  notch, 
chink,  crack  has  been  caused;  ^/la-^dr,  no- 
idr*,  with  a  slit  lip,  a  slit  nose. 
5^3f  7T|*  ^d-lo-ka  V.  ^h-ka. 

55n-  iog  I.  hdg-cig^  prop,  from  yUgs-pa^ 
'  '  imp. of  ^^-da,  1.  come!  let  him  come! 
Jfrds-^u  fsur-sog^  yid-smdn  nd-la  med  I 
do  not  wish  that  fruit  should  come  to  me 
from  without  Mil, ;  Hur  iog,  Icyer  hog  bskyal 
log  bring  hither,  (with  son  inst.  oihog:  take 
away!)  hog  zir-ba  to  invite,  ned-la  sog  kyah 
mi  zer  Glr,  we  are  not  so  much  as  invited, 
you  know.  —  2.  with  the  imp.  =  gyti^-cig, 
bsadrpa/r-hog  may  (he,  I  etc.)  be  killed !  DzL 
~  II.  v.  hos. 


5$Tr^  ^^9'f^  1'  ^^^^"i  also  frq.  yUg-^^  1. 

'  '  wing,  yhog-rkyan-ba  to  spread  the 
wings,  also  to  spread  like  wings;  ^hdg-pa 
d^'dej  cdd-be^  diim^he*  W.  to  clip  the  wings; 
ysdg-pa-cany  yhog-lddn  provided  with  wings, 
winged,  a  bird.  —  2.  wing-feather,  pinion, 
^dab-yldg^  yhdg-sgro  id.;  fnQug-ylog  tail- 
feather.  —  3.  fin,  of  fishes.  —  4.  other  things 
resembling  a  wing  or  a  feather,  mig-yhog^ 
resp.  spydn-ysog  eye-lash;  ran-tdg-gi yhdg- 
pa  prob. :  wing  or  float-board  of  a  water- 
mill;  of  course  it  might  also  be  used  for: 
wing,  sail,  of  a  windmill,  though  these  are 
not  yet  known  in  Tib^t. 

n.  vb.,  V.  sub  yhog-pa, 
^j^q-  hdg-bu,  W.  *^-gu*,  1.  sheet  of 

'  '  ^  paper,  and  paper  collectively,  rgya-^ 
sdg  China  paper,  bod-^dg  Tibet  paper,  da/r- 
sdg  silk-paper,  ras-hdg  cotton-paper  (also 
paper  of  linen-rags),  hin-hdg  bast- paper, 
pags-hdg  leather-paper,  skin-paper,  parch- 
ment; mfin-hdg,  nag-hdg  dark-blue  or  black 
paper,  for  writing  on  in  gold  or  silver;  mgo^ 
hdg^  resp.  dbu-ldgy  upper  leaf,  i.  e.  cover, 
covering,  wrapper.  —  2.  Bah:  book. 

Comp.  hog-h^dn  paper-maker's  form.  — 
hog-gdn  a  sheet  of  paper.  —  sog-grdns  num- 
ber of  leaves  in  a  book.  —  hog-sgrily  hog- 
drily  W,  ^hog-rit*  paper-roll,  codex.  —  hog- 
IdSb  ScL:  'leaf,  sheet'?  —  hog-fsdr  scrap 
of  paper.  —  hog-hin  Sch.  palm-tree  ?  —  hog- 
hrU  ybig  =  hog-gdn^  Sch, 

ridge  of  ^  mountain')  1.  mountain-rldge  Wts. 
Usual  meaning:  2.  pit,  hole,  cavity,  exca- 
vation, valley,  ISu-hdm  cavity  filled  vrith 
water  Dzl. ;  spah-hohs  valley  with  meadows, 
low  ground  overgrown  with  grass ;  snai  bya- 
yhdg-gi  ysons  the  cavities  near  the  wings 
of  the  nose  Mil.nt;  hdh^du  valley- ward, 
down  hill  DzL ;  hdm-ban^  (/)hon'(y)h6n  full 
of  cavities,  uneven,  Sch.  also :  rough,  rugged, 
steep;  hdns-bu  furrow,  hdns-bu  Jin-pa  to 
make  furrows,  to  furrow. 
5^.q-  hdh'ba  I.  to  go  in,  to  have  room  in 
'  or  on,  with  term.,  mi  hon^  W.  also: 

*h6h'be  mi  dug*  that  is  not  to  be  got  in, 


564 


2!f^-  ^od 


there  is  no  room  for  it;  bre  Ina  hdn-bai  bdm- 
pa  a  can  holding  five  quarts  DzL 

II.  pf.  b^anSy  fut.  bhan^  imp.  hoh(s)^  to 

empty,  remove,  carry  or  take  away,  W.  stones, 
earth  etc*,  but  gen.  (with  or  without  rkydg- 
pa)  to  go  to  stool,  to  ease  nature,  B.  and  col. 

^gr*  ^od  !•  the  lower,  the  inferior  part  of 
'  ^  a  thing,  rtse-sod  upper  and  lower  part, 
top  and  bottom  C;  rgya-sod  Wdn.  alow 
tract  of  land,  with  a  milder  climate,  where 
e.g.  apricots  are  thriving,  opp.  to  pu-lhags 
elevated  cold  region,  scarcely  fit  for  the 
cultivation  of  com  and  barley;  hdd-du  to 
or  towards  the  bottom,  down,  downwards, 
C,  ^hi'-du  bdb'pa*  to  descend,  come  down, 
^htjf-n^  jdzig-pa*  to  ascend  C.  —  2.  imp.  of 
JSdd-pa^  bkddrpa\  yet  cf.  also: 
;gi-.q-  hod-pa,  p£  bsdd-pay  1.  to  say,  to  de- 
'  '      Clare  C.  —  2.  to  comb  Cs, 

Sq'    ^J^R'  ^^'  ^^^*  ^  ^^^  falsehood,  lie, 
'    '      '   '      smrd'ba,  W.  ^gydb-de*,  to  tell 
a  lie. 
5$^*^3q'  »oi-^d6  loose,  soft,  as  leaves  etc. 

^a^-q»  hom-pa^  pf.  (b)hoim^  bhams^  fut.  6«aw, 
'  imp.(6>om(«),  to  prepare,  make  ready, 
arrange,  put  in  order,  fit  out,  ynas  lodgings, 
ydmi  a  seat,  stdn-mo  a  festive  entertainment, 
bh&n-pa  a  carriage,  i.e.  to  have  the  horses 
put  to  DzL ;  dpun-gi  fsogs  an  army  Dzl.  — 
horn -r a  1.  preparation,  arrangement,  fitting 
out,  h&m-ra  byid-pa  =  hdm-^a  C.,so  alsoGs.; 
but  Sch, :  2.  ddm-ra  state,  pomp,  splendour, 
with  bged-pa  to  show  oflF,  to  dress  smartly, 
hdm-ban  stately,  grand  (?). 

hor  v.  ho-rL 


the  comparative  or  superlative  degree:  am- 
Usy  ykon^ds  the  younger,  the  youngest,  of 
two  or  of  several,  btsun-^mo  Ina-brgydi  ?ttn- 
^ds  Pth.\  ^rin-sdg*  W,  the  tallest;  yun-nii- 
hds  Thgy,  the  most  long-lived;  driti-^'Sds 
the  principal  benefactress,  cf.  drin;  nad  ce- 
^ds  rgds-nad  Jtibs-pas  because  one  is  suflFer- 
ing  under  the  chief  disease,  viz.  old  age, 
Thgy, 

%  h-i  Ssk,,  =  dpal  glory,  magnificence ;  mag- 
^  nificent,  splendid,  grand;  ^n-ri  Mil.,  fT. 
n.,  a  naked  mountain  in  a  sandy  plain,  about 
a  ten  day's  journey  to  the  west  of  Tashi- 
Ihunpo,  covered  with  monasteries,  and  perh. 
on  that  account  considered  as  nyams-mhar- 
ba,  sn-Uanda  v.  dpdl-gyi  dum-bu. 

'fjY  sld-ka  Ssk.y  also  ho-lo-ka^  strophe, 
'   stanza,  esp.  one  consisting  of  four  ca- 
talectic  trochaical  dimeters. 

qinq-  yha  I.  1.  also /ia-ma,6^a-9wa, worthy, 
'>  becoming,  fitting,  suitable,  ^fse-ba  m 
yhai  as  it  is  unworthy,  unbecoming,  im- 
proper, to  persecute  (others)  DzL ;  *de  Uydd' 
la  ha  yod^  or  *kd'^e  yod^Ld,  that  serves  yoo 
right.  —  2.  righteous,  upright,  honest,  good, 
=  skydn-medrpa^  C. ;  bh  yhd-ma  an  upright, 
true  heart,  Thgy. ;  *fe  hd-^ma  )h^-pcf  C\  to 
perform  a  work  faithfully,  in  good  earnest 

II.  only,  merely;  mere,  nothing  but,  (== 

M'Stag)  C, 

mno-smx:  a^o^rmx;  y^a-didr,  bsa^dr 

.  n^l  I    '  ^n    II     sg^^  ^i^^^  c.  tin, 

W,  kar-ya;  yet  cf.  ia-nye. 
qino-^r-  yha-Hn  a  long  skirt  or  coat-tail 
l^"         Sch, 


? 


k6r.ba  1.  y.JMa.-  2.  to  measure     "W^'  ^^'^^^'^  ^-  ^^'^'^^ 


Mtl.y  V.  yhdr-ba, 
q*  Ul-ba  1.  intercalation,  insertion  Cs., 
zla-hdl  intercalary  month.  —  2.  Cs  : 
pres.  tense  of  bhdUba  q.v. 

•^  Ul-po  Sch, :  'a  species  of  willow',  v. 
yhdl-po, 
hos  1.  almost  always  in  conjunction 
with  ybig^  the  other,  of  two,  e.g.  bud- 
vM  ycig-Us  the  other  woman  DzL  —  2. 
Zam,  7f^,  col.  hg,  a  termination  indicating 


5^' 


qumv^'  y^ags  right,  justice.  Lex.  and  esp. 
rn  I  ^ .  y^cigg  Jbyedrpa  hex.  to  investi- 
gate the  rightfulness  (of  an  action),  =  ^gt 
dig  pi'b^  W. ;  *tim-kdg  tdn-le^  to  admin- 
ister justice,  to  sit  in  judgment  *tim  -  hag- 
tan 'Kan*  judge,  *hag  (.go-)  Idg  tdn-h^  to 
warp  justice,  to  judge  contrary  to  justice 
and  right;  ^iimrhdg  iii-be*  to  go  to  law,  to 
bring  an  action,  ^hdg-pan*  superior  judge, 
chief-justice,  W.  —  bka-y^dgs  v.  bka  extr. 


^^1^'  y^an 


^^^p}^'q'  yhigs-pa 


565 


qrqr'  y^CL^  a  musical  instrument,  esp.used 
'   '      by  the  Bonpo,  GZr.,  yhan  Jcrdl-ba  to 
play  on  that  instrument  Mil, 

^VflC'^'  yhdn-pa  Sck,  =  bMn-ba. 

qyTQ-mSc;-  /«a^-/'^cJ/i rough, rugged  places 

n       r  I      Qj.  tracts  Cb: 
mjvr^  /Md-pa  1.  =  sod-pa  to  COmb.  — 

■'^  2. = Jdd-palL,  to  explain,  to  relate. 
qwTO-  /'5aw  1.  the  lower  part  of  a  thiog, 

'  '  yMm-du  a.  adv.  down.  b.  postp,  under, 
below,  beneath ;  also  adv.  farther  down,  more 
towards  the  end,  in  the  course  of;  examples 
V.  sub  leu\  postp.  del  yMm-du  under  it.  — 
2.  barren,  B,  and  col.,  Tno-ysdm^  rgod-ysdm^ 
ba-ysdm  a  barren  woman,  mare,  cow. 

^TUfl^'  y^ar  Sch.:  a  certain  style  of  writing. 
^TUfl^'^'  yMs-^ma  Sch,  =  ysd-ma, 
^'Vh^^'  y^ig-pa  V.  ystb-pa. 

^iS(3rn'  y^i'^'jx^  l-  also  ysivrpo  good,  fine, 
'  ^  ^in  Un-pa  B.^  C,  a  fertile  field,  sa- 
pydgs  ykin-pa  a  rich  country  5^.;  ysin-par 
rmd-ba  to  plough  well;  ysin-sa  1.  fertile 
field  or  land.  2.  v.  yMn-po,  —  2.  =  yUm  pa, 
qinx«2f  r^n-po  one  deceased,  a  dead  man, 
'  '  ^  yUn-mo  b.  dead  woman,  e.g.  *^m- 
md)ar'z6m*  the  deceased,  thelate  Jorz6m; 
it  may  have  reference  to  the  body,  as  well 
as  to  the  soul,  or  to  both  together.  —  yHn- 
rje  the  god  of  the  dead,  of  the  lower  re- 
gions, of  hades,  also  regarded  as  the  judge 
of  the  dead,  Ssk.  ^jif ;  yUn-^rjei  yhed  a.  id., 
Yama  the  destroyer,  b.  the  destroyer  of 
Yama,  Siwa;  Ssk,  i|4<|^Ht.  cf.alsoS^AZ.93. 
*dtn-^ud*  knot,  opp.  to  *tol-dud^  a  bow,  a 
slip-knot  W,  —  yhin-^dr^  the  soul  as  a  ghost 
or  spectre  Sch,  — yhin-^prds  the  convulsive 
motions,  the  writhings  of  a  dying  creature. 
—  y^in-zas  food  presented  to  the  Lamas 
when  a  person  has  died  (Cs,:  food  prepared, 
or  exposed  for  the  dead?),  ^in-sa  i.  bury- 
ing ground,  cemetery,  2.  fertile  field. 

'    '     ^  I     ^     '^         b^{b{8)  -  pay 

also  y^ig-pay  1.  Sch,:  to  range,  to  compare; 
Ld,  to  be  ranged,  to  draw  up  in  files;  *gral 


yH9  '^gy^'P<^  (^'  io  induce  assembled  people 
by  means  of  a  stick  to  stand  or  sit  closer; 
cf.  zal'bddg,  —  2.  ral-gri  yUb^a  Wdn.f 
cn^-q-    ^}^q'  /^w-pa,  y^n-pa  Sch,: 

'   '         '      '   '  '       'ground,  crushed'. 
m^^J^'flSC'n'  y^yfns-bzdn-ba  Sch,  to  be  ir- 

'   *  resolute,  unsettled  in  opin- 

ion ;  to  be  distrustful,  suspicious. 
qiB^  /'^is,  often  also  6^,  1 .  nature,  temper, 

'•  natural  disposition,  yhis-ka  col.  id., 
ran-yMs  yin  it  is  their  nature,  their  natural 
disposition  Mil,  —  yhis  -  kyis  by  the  very 
nature  of  the  case,  without  secondary  causes, 
naturally,  quite  of  itself  Mil, ;  yMs-ndn  Mil,, 
Do.  was  also  explained  by  rgyu-med-par, 
prob.  implying  merely:  not  having  been 
one's  self  the  efficient  cause.  —  2.  person, 
body,  ysis  fams'dddrdujfyug-go  they  anoint- 
ed the  whole  body  Do, 
qinr'CT  y^n-ba  Cs,  to  rebuke,  reproach; 

'n5  the  Leaa,  explain  it  by:  ^b-bur 
smdd-pa  to  blame  in  a  whisper,  i.e.  behind 
a  person  s  back. 

Cfl^^'d'  ysum-pa  v.  hum-pa, 

qin-q-  /«^-*«j  pf •  y^^-^  to  abuse,  revile,  vnth 
^  '       la,  Dzl.  and  elsewh. ;  yhe  yan  slar 
mi  yU'ba  even  when  reviled,  (one  should) 
not  revile  again  (rule  for  monks)  Cs, 
2n3cn-q'  yUgpa  v.  yUg-pa, 

qLOi^TO|'q'  y^^gS'PO'  (imp.  ysegs,  Doha  in 
''   '  Feei^  Introd,  etc.  p.  68;  but  hog 

is  prob.  the  original  and  older  form),  Bal, 
^hags-bas^j  resp.  to  go,  lo  go  away,  opp.  to 
Jyy&n-pa  to  come  Glr,\  in  other  passages 
to  come  DzL ;  ysegs-grdbs  mdzad  he  made 
preparations  for  setting  out  Mil. ;  ndm-mHa- 
la  ^pur-hin  yhegs  he  ascended  to  heaven 
Tar,\  slar  yUgs-pa  to  return,  to  come  back. 
yUgs-pa  is  col.  seldom  used,  but  often  in 
books,  and  mostly  of  Buddha  and  great 
saints;  bdi-bar  ysigs-pa  to  die,  of  saints 
and  kings;  ska  yhegs-pa  Glr. ;  dgun-du  or 
dgun-la  yh^gs-pa  Mil ,  mKar  yhegs-pa  Glr,, 
id.;  bd^ (-bar) -yhegs(-pa)  as  partic.  =»  W^ 
Buddha;  de-bUn-yhegs-pa  TflTRTI  ^c*  ^o  the 
explanation  now  generally  accepted:  he  that 


fieo 


Slj^'SI'  yied-nta 


SJp^'^  yior-ba 


i^' 


walks  in  tbe  same  ways  (as  bis  predec^- 
sors),  a  very  frq.  epithet  of  the  Buddhas.  — 
yhigs'bskyh  parting-(  beer-)  cup,  parting- 
feast  or  treat  MU.  —  yhegs-zdn  Cs,  a  banquet 
or  dinner,  after  the  death  of  a  great  person. 

m^^*^;}'  y^^d-ma,  rarely  yhed^  1.  execu- 

''  '  tioner,  hangman  Stg, ;  ysedrma  skd- 
ba  to  engage  a  hangman,  i.e.  to  pay  a  mur- 
derer Glr  ;  fig. :  pan  fsun  yMg-gi  yhed  ydi'g- 
gis  byd'Ste  Wdn.  prob.  means :  one  destroy- 
ing the  other. —  2.  in  a  special  sense:  gods 
of  vengeance,  tormenting  the  condemned 
in  hell,  or  fighting  against  evil  spirits,  drag- 
yiid  Schl. 
m^tSrXfff^'  ysen-rdbQi)  Glr,,  the  founder 

'    '  ^  of  the  Bon-religion,  his  full 

name  being  bon  ysen-rabs-yyun-drun  C, 
prob.  identic  with  the  Chinese  philosopher 
LaO'tse  —  ye-yhen  MU,  id.  —  sgrub-ysen 
the  Bon-doctrine  (opp.  to  dam-^ds  MU.) 
\x:(!y\  y^er('ba)  B.,  C:  wet,  wetness; 
'^  ysSr-ba,  y sir -pa,  yhir-po  adj  , 
y sir 'bar  ^gyur-ba  to  get  thoroughly  wet,  to 
be  drenched  DzL,  to  get  moist,  to  be  moist- 
ened; yhir-bar  byid-pa  C,,B.,  Her -pa  bd- 
be*  W,  to  wet,  to  moisten.  In  C.  and  in  B. 
yher-ba  seems  to  be  mainly  used  for  wet,  in 
W.  for  moist. 
qi^;^q-  ysir-ba  I.  sbst.and  adj.  v.  the  pre- 

'    '  ceding  article. 

II.  vb..  1.  to  ask  for,  beg  for,  sir-te  fob 
son  I  got  it  by  asking  for  it  (I  did  not  buy 
it)  W.  —  2.  to  ask  •s^-few-pa*  (lit.  y^ir- 
len-pa)  to  interrogate,  to  question,  to  try  (ju- 
dicially); as  partic.  and  sbst.;  the  examin- 
ing or  criminal  judge  C.  —  3.  =  yMr-ba  to 
measure  C. 
qTgrq'  ysd'ba,  pf.  y^os,  1.  to  pour  out,  to 

'  '  pour  away  r.,  prob.  the  same  as  bso- 
ba,  —  2  (?)  •/^a  ^ds-te  Kyer^  he  has  alienated 
him,  enticed  him  to  join  his  own  party  Ld, 
qCjf^  y^o-mo  lever  Hd-mo  gydb-pa*  C,,  TT, 

•I  *  tan- be*  W„  "U-mo  kdn-pa*  W,, 
*kempa*  C.  to  put  a  lever  to  (a  thing). 

^^Tp^'^'  ykdg-pa  I.  sbst.  v.  sdg-pa, 

n.  vb.,  also  bhdg-pa,  yhdg-pa,  ysig-pa, 
o^igs'pa^  pf.  y^ags,  bhags,  fut.  ysa^^  6^a^, 


imp.  ysog,Pth,,  1.  to  deave,  to  split,  Hn  wood, 
mam -par  entirely,  fadlrpa  bHr  into  four 
pieces  Glr ,  dum^bur  into  pieces ;  sgo  ysag- 
pa  to  break  open  a  door  (with  a  hatchet) 
Pth,\  to  break  or  pierce  through,  d%t7 through 
the  middle  MU.,  gam  bsdg-pa  MU,  to  break 
through  the  snow,  by  means  of  yaks  sent 
in  advance  to  beat  a  path  (v.  Hue.),  lam 
bhog-pa  in  a  gen.  sense :  to  beat  a  path;  km 
mi  sag  or  ma  hog-par  Jtag  Glr,  the  road  is 
not  practicable;  sdg-les  ysig-pa  Thg,  to  saw 
lengthwise;  —  yheg-pa  is  also  used  for:  tl 
rend,  to  tear,  to  make  a  rent  or  slit  into  a 
dress  etc.  C,  W.  —  2.  to  confess,  sdig-pa, 
nyis'pa,  Itun-ba  to  confess  a  sin,  and  thus 
to  expiate  it,  which  two,  according  to  the 
views  of  a  Buddhist,  are  always  anited,  at 
least  as  it  regards  lighter  transgressions. 
Hence  sddg-pa  Mags  frq.  means:  the  sin  is 
atoned  for,  is  blotted  out,  and  yseg-pa  is 
the  usual  word  for  to  forgive'.  sdig-Ud^ 
atonement,  expiation,  sbnU  bsdd-pcd-s^ 
b^dgS'SU  as  an  atonement  for  having  killed 
a  serpent  Glr  ;  mfol  -  bhdgs  «=  sdig  -  bhdgs, 
mtolrhsdgs'la  ha-Hdg  J)ul-ba  to  offer  a  killed 
animal  (a  sheep)  as  an  atonement  M%L; 
sddg-biags'sm^^lam  Glr.  penitential  prayer. 

^p^(^)'  yhon(s)  V.  hon, 

STpK'i^'  yhddr-pa  to  comb  Cs. 

mjSs:zy  y^<^'^'Pc^  Cs.:  =  skyofi'pa  to  put 
^^        on(?). 

qp^  yhb  =  sob. 

^Ca^'CJ'  ysdm-pa  Thgy.  =  sdm-pa, 

qQ5^-  yhr  Sch.  a  basin  or  reservoir  of  water, 
'   •      seems  to  be  not  much  known;  but 
in  Zam.  yur-bai  yhor  is  to  be  found. 
qp^x -q'  y^^'ba  T.  vb.,  C.  also  yhir-boy  pf. 
''  fut.  Uar,  bkor,  1.  to  COUR^  e.g. 

sheep ,  by  letting  them  pass  one  by  ope 
through  one's  hands,  the  beads  of  a  rosary 
(through  one's  fingers),  hence  los-bfyod- 
bsar-sbyan  man-po  byed  to  read  prayers  etc. 
(cf.  sbyan-ba,  3).  —  2.  to  measure,  bres  by 
the  peck  Lea.;  to  weigh;  ysir-la  rd-gam 
yMr-ba  to  weigh  out  (to  exchange)  brtts 


^^^^    C.   fe  ^^^,  ^  '"^^'^ 


for  gold.  —  3.  to  hunt,  to  chase,  =  Jdr-ba, 
ri-dwags  game  Lex,;  nya-yh&r-ha  to  fish 
Dzl  —  4.  Sch.  to  cat  through  (?). 

II.  adj.,  also  fhir-ha,  rough,  bristly,  shag- 
gy, skra^  spu  Stg.^  opp.  to  Jam-po  (Sch. 
rough,  grufif,  rude?) 

qCjSnr  y^l  plough  Glr.,  ton,  tdn  -  y^ol  id. 
''  The  plough  in  India  and  Tibet  con- 
sists only  of  a  crooked  beam,  yhol^mda^ 
(without  wheels)  with  the  share  (ysol-lbdgs^ 
ton-Udgs)  at  the  lower  end ;  yhol-mda  ^dzin- 
pa  to  plough,  lit.  to  take  hold  of  the  plough- 
beam.  ^>*^"'T  "^  ^'''^cv   C     Cu/v^J   -ft-  '-f,,  '_^- r{c*— 


567 


y»dZ-po  poplar-tree  6'. 


for  dead  Wdn,;  bth-mo  skyS-bar  bkad  this 
indicates  that  a  girl  will  be  born  Lt;  bsdd- 
kyis  mi  Idn-no  it  is  ineffable,  unspeakable; 
to  say,  jbdb-par  Mad  they  say  it  flows  down 
Wdn,y  fd-mar  bhad  he  is  said  to  be  on  the 
lowest  stage  Thgy,^  ndn-par  bhad  it  is  said 
or  declared  to  be  bad,  smdn-^  bhad  it  is 
mentioned  as  a  medicine  l^<i^.;  to  tell,  to  re* 
late,  col.  the  usual  word.  —  2.  to  comb,  v. 
hddr-pa.  —  bhad-grwa  school-room,  lecture- 
room.  —  *had-d6n*  W.  the  subject  of  a  talk. 
bhad-ydm  a  public  lecture  Sch,  (?).  bhad-ld 
byM-pa  to  make  many  words  Mil. 

q^<3rCI'  bhdn-pa  v  hdn-pa. 


2|p^Cr  yhofhpa  1.  yho^a  and  bho-ba,  R-^^  bhar,  supine  of  bhd-ba, 

n^fxy  Asa  1.  in  bgo-bha  portion,  share,  al- 
^  lowance,  ration  Lea?.,  evidently  a  se- 
condary form  of  has,  —  2.  Dzl,  ^V«,  1  in- 
undation, flood;  hway  the  reading  of  the  ma- 
nuscript of  Kyelang,  seems  to  be  preferable. 
nfvvn'  b^d'buy  pf.  bhas,  to  slaughter,  to  kill 
'  (animals  for  food);  in  a  story  of 

Glr,  it  follows  the  slaughtering  and  must 
be  understood  to  denote  the  cutting  to  pie- 
ces of  the  killed  animal;  but  oar  Lama  pre- 
ferred to  read  bhus-pa  to  skin. 

^MCV3^'  bsd-ma  v.  yhd-ma, 
^-Ppr^  bhdg-pa  v.  yhdg-pa. 

nrir-jFT  bhdn-bay  Sch,  also  yhan-bay  alvine 

'  discharges,  bhdn-ba  Jbyin-pa  to 

make  open  bowels,  of  food,  medicines  Med,; 
hhan-dgdg  constipation  Med,;  bhan-yci  ex- 
crements and  urine,  bhan-ytis  shU-ba  to 
dirty  therewith  Dzl,;  bhan-ybi  bsri-ba  to 
retain  stool  and  urine  Sch,;  bhaMdm  the 
anus  Med. 
q^^'n*  ^^^^^  'P^  l®^7  leaking,  full  of 

'  crevices,  ^cu-zdm  nyirma-la  bdr- 

na  san  dug*  W,  the  water-pail  will  become 
leaky,  if  it  is  left  standing  in  the  sun. 


^•/K'Cl'  f^drpa  (prob.  pf.  oi^cdd-^a  q.v.) 
••  1.  to  explain,  expound;  to  declare, 
pfOAOUBoe,  hs'bhddrpa  to  explain  religion, 
to  lecture  on  religious  subjects^  to  preach; 
Jv-ba  dan  Arat  bhad  he  must  be  set  down 


q^n^'q*  bhdr-ba  v  yh&r-ba, 

- -^.-.  bhdUba  1.  to  wash,  to  wash  out  or 
'         off,  to  clean  by  washing,  to  rinse, 

plates,  dishes,  etc.  —  2.  fto-ia  bhdlrba  to 
purge  the  body,  hence  in  gen.  bhdl-ba  to 
suffer  from  diarrhoea,  and  W^.col.*saZ*  diar- 
rhoea, looseness,  flux,  *^aZ  ro^*  1  have  d,, 
*hal  du^  he  suffers  from  d.,  *hal  ym*  d,  be- 
gins; bhal'Jdm  a  mild  d.,  bhal'Qpy^(?)  a 
violent  flux  Sch,;  bhal-ndd  indisposition 
from  d. ;  bhal-byM  B,y  bha^sftndn  B,  and  col. 
laxative,  aperient  medicine. 

q^n^CT  bhdS'pa  V.  bhd-ba, 
R-^py^'  bhig-pa  v.  ^dzig-pa  I. 
q.^"Cr  bhib^a  v.  yhib^a, 
q^/rq*  bhu-ba  V.  hu-ba, 

^-Ppi^^'  bhug-pa  to  sell  Cs, 

njjr*zy  ^^^HP^  ^'  ^'  ^^^drpa,  —  2.  Sch,: 
V)  '       to  purify  by  fire,  bhud-me  purify- 
ing fire(?). 

fl^fl'fl'  ^^"P^  ^  P^^  '°^  ^^®  scabbard, 
n2        to  sheathe  Sch, 

q^'Cr  bhum-pa  —  q-9^q'  bhir-ba  v. 

^^q*  hum-pa  etc. 

q?jQ-  bheu{d,  bhtty  htca)  inumhttion,  flood 
^^  Mil. 


568 


J:^.i^i;r  Ues'pa 


^  9a 


:^^^q*  bses-pa,  prop.  pf.  of  i^-pa,  to  know 
'  (a  person  orthing),  to  be  acquaint- 

edy  dan  with  DzL;  ynyen-bhh  a  relation,  rela- 
tive, ynyen-bseB-lapan-ytogS'^ar  sems-so  they 
are  intent  on  being  of  use  to  their  relatives 
Dzl;  ynyen  and  bses  may  also  be  separated: 
Kydd'la  ynyen  med  hhes  kyan  med,  Mil; 
b^ea-ynyM  on  the  other  hand  means :  friend, 
dgd-bai  bhes-,  ny&n  {Ssk,  il^ltlfi^i)  friend 
to  virtue,  epiritual  adviser,  opp.  to  mi-^ei 
bhes'  nyen  seducer,  Glr.  (cf.  sdig-pai  g^'dgs- 
po);  dge-bses  1.  =  dgi-iai  bhes-ynyhi,  2.  = 
dge-bsnyhi  lay-brother.  —  no-bhis  v.  no^ds, 
—  mdza-bUs  friend. 

q^q*  bhd'ba^  pf.  bhos^  1.  also  yhd-ba^  to 
^  pour  out  Lea,  —  2.  to  lie  with,  to 
have  sexual  intercourse  with,  =  Jirig-pa 
byidrpa^  e.g. :  de  dan  bhoi-pas  bu  skyes  after 
having  slept  with  him,  she  bore  him  a  son 
Pth.;  to  engender,  to  generate,  to  beget  (v.a.), 
j^dg-rdzts  bhoa^ai  bu  the  son  begotten  by 
the  swine-herd  i%.,  {bho-ba  seems  not  to 
be  considered  obscene). 
i^5w*^  bhdg-pa  v.  yUg-pa, 

q*gW-Q-  bsdd'pa  =  bhdd-pa^  ^ho'-rC^  C\  ni- 
•^       mour,  report,  ""ho-ri-la  dhe-da  zer 
dug-te  yi'  mi  ce*  though  it  is  rumoured  I 
cannot  believe  it  C. 
q3^^-q'  bs&r-ba  V.  y^dr-ba. 

bsdr-po  6'.,  W,  liberal,  munificent, 
Schr.:  squanderer,  spendthrift (?). 


^5^'2f 


qiJSfU'n'  ^^il^<^  1 .  to  put  off,  postpone,  defer, 
^  delay,  bdd^-la  ^grd-ba  the  going  to 

Tibet  GZr.;  absolutely:  bUl-ba  hzan  it  is 
good  to  wait;  —  tO  prolong,  e  g.  mi  zig^ 
Jsd'ba  the  life  of  a  person  (by  a  reprieve) 
Dzl^  also  to  grant,  to  allow  viz.  a  respite,  a 
reprieve,  bddg-lazag  bdun  zig  b^dl'tegnsA- 
ing  me  a  respite  of  seven  days  DzL ;  to  step, 
detain,  e.g.  the  sun  in  his  coarse  Thgy.,  a 
traveller  wishing  to  set  out  Pth,\  to  onit, 
to  neglect  doing  Mil.  (ni  f.);  pyi  b^oUba  te 
put  off,  postpone,  pyp-bh6l  byid-pai  gdn<ag 
a  person  that  is  always  postponing  his  re- 
ligious duties  MU. ;  ids-la  pyi^dl  byar  m 
7*un  MU.  there  should  be  no  putting  off, 
whenever  religion  is  concerned;  biol  jdth- 
pa  and  ^tebs-pa  =  bsoUba  frq. ;  bhol  ma  fe& 
he  could  not  be  detained,  kept  back,  diverted 
from  his  purpose  Pth.;  relatives  are  ciJled 
bdud'kyi  bsol-od^bs  a  hinderance  on  the  way 
of  the  believer,  caused  by  the  devil. 
— •gi^  bsos  resp.  for  zan  or  sp<ig8^  food,  vict- 
I  uals,  provisions  of  the  table;  6^os4a 
yhegs-pa  to  go  to  dine,  to  go  to  dinner  Ddl; 
dge-jdun-la  bhos  ysol-ba  to  treat  the  priests 
to  a  meal  Dzl.;  now  almost  exclusively  ap- 
plied to  food  offered  to  the  gods,  =  UuMos; 
bkos'bu  Mil.  offering- morsels,  e.g.  small 
pieces  of  butter  offered  to  the  gods  or  the 
ghosts. 

q5^cr6508-pa  begotten,  generated,  v.bso-ha. 


^ 


«f  sa  1.  the  letter  S,  the  sharp  English  s, 
in  C.  distinguished  from  z,  (which  is 
sounded  there  also  as  sharp  s)  only  by  the 
following  vowel  being  high-toned.  —  2. 
num.:  28. 

^  «a  1.  earth,  as  elementary  substance,  sa 
cu  vie  rlun  earth,  water,  fire,  air,  the 


four  elements,  sa  nyuh-zad  big  a  small  qoao- 
tity  of  earth,  opp.  to:  sa  i^in-paisa  the  mass 
of  the  whole  earth  DzL;  rdzd-sa  clay,  ar- 
gillaceous earth,  ^bi-sa^  W.  sand  and  earth, 
hag-sa  flint  and  earth;  also  for  ore,  mehl 
(like  rcto),  ysSrsa  gold-ore,  dniJrsa  silver- 
ore  Cs.;  /cyim-sa  sweepings,  offscourings; 


^'  5a 


^ 


^^3:j    ,/  ,     I    ^<^cJ<^^^^  ^f 


^  sa 


569 


the  ground,  8d-la(W.  also  V  Jld-na*)  ^dug- 
pa  to  sit  on  the  ground,  sd-la  Itun-bd^  gyd- 
ba  to  fall  to  the  ground;  %a-^6g^  sa-stiiiy  sa- 
bldy  under,  on,  above  the  ground;  sa-^og- 
spydd  the  Nagas  (klu);  the  earth,  the  globe 
which  we  inhabit,  usually  more  accurately 
sa  cdn^  V.  above.  —  2.  place,  spot,  space, 
=  ynasy  and  col.  more  in  use  than  this,  rwai 
sa  Jkiir-ba  Stg.  'swollen  in  the  places  of 
the  horns',  i.e.  men  that  had  been  oxen  in 
a  former  life,  and  in  consequence  of  it  are 
distinguished  by  little  knobs  corresponding 
to  their  former  horns;  *p6g'8a  ghdrla  dug^ 
C,  where  have  you  been  hit  or  hurt?  ^da- 
sa  and  jbhnrsa  sharp-shooters'  stand  aud 
place  of  the  target  C;  yod-sa  the  place 
where  a  person  lives,  (in  the  old  classical 
style  usually  expressed  by  gan-na-bay^Hn- 
fan-sa*  vulg.  1.  orifice  of  the  urethra.  2. 
privy,  water-closet;  nd-la  grds-Jtri-sa  Hg 
yod  I  have  a  place  where  to  ask  advice, 
I  have  an  oracle  Glr, ;  in  a  wider  sense : 
occasion,  opportunity,  possibility,  Im-la  rig- 
sa  med  one  cannot  get  near  him  Gir.,  tye 
Uydd-kyi  yhegs-sa  di-na  med  you  cannot  go 
to  that  place,  Sir!  MU.\  nor^gyis  blu-sa  med 
you  cannot  ransom  yourself  by  money  Mil ; 
also  with  respect  to  men :  na  yidn-la  z^- 
sa  (zu^a^ri-sa)med  I  cannot  address  myself 
to  any  body  else  with  my  words  (requests, 
hopes);  place,  step,  degree,  grade,  h^n-ma 
ZS'Sar  bzun  he  took  and  treated  his  second 
wife  in  the  place  of  the  first,  i.e.  he  showed 
the  second  the  honour  due  to  the  first;  sa- 
bbu  V.  compounds.  —  3.  it  is  also  said  to 
be  the  name  of  a  quadruped  of  the  size  and 
appearance  of  a  badger,  but  not  identic  with 
ysa  Sik. 

Comp.  sa-dkdr  ^^dkar-rtsi  Cs.  —  sa-skdm 
Sch.  arid  soil,  dry  ground,  steppe.  —  so- 
sky&n^  sor-skydr  Lex.  protector  of  the  earth 
i.e.  king.  —  sa-Mu  made  dirty  by  earth, 
dust  etc.,  soiled,  turbid.—  ^sa-Hydd*  W.  (for 
ynas  B.,  sd-ca  C.)  place,  ^sa-Kydd  kdmr^o* 
a  dry  place,  also:  the  dry  land;  a  piece  of 
grotind, *8a-%dd  big  tan*  he  gave  him  landed 
property,  *8a'lcydd'di  ddg -po*  landlord; 
dwelling-place,  place  of  residence,  *Uy6d'di 


sorUydd  gd-ru  yod*  where  is  your  home? 

—  sa-Kydb  Cs.  =  sa-bdag,  —  sa-Kyon  Cs,: 
'the  earth's  extension  or  compass*.  —  ^sa- 
ia*  (sa-kra)  map  C.  —  sd-mUan  one  who 
is  well  acquainted  with  a  particular  place 
or  country,  a  guide  Dzl,  —  sa-^mUar  Glr,  a 
castle  the  walls  of  which  consist  for  the  most 
part  of  earth.  —  sa-^dn  Sch,  hard  ground. 

—  sa-dgd  and  sa-dgyis  Lex,  =  ku-mur-da, 

—  sa-dgra  Glr,  the  enemy  of  a  country, 
i.e.  in  many  cases  nothing  but  a  demon. 

—  ^san-guV^  W,  earthquake.  —  sa-nds  sur- 
face of  the  earth.  —  sor-sndn  Cs,  blue  earth. 

—  sa-bbu^  ^^4j|it,  ace.  to  one  explanation 
the  ten  steps  or  degrees  of  perfection  which 
must  be  attained  by  those  striving  after 
the  prize  of  Buddhaship;  sa  fdb-pa  to  reach 
one  step  (viz.  the  first)  Do,;  sa  ^^-po  a 
high  degree,  e.g.  the  eighth  Thgy, ;  Foticaicx 
enumerates  them  all  Gyatch,  TransL  p,  3. 
According  to  another  supposition  sa-bdu 
signifies  the  ten  worlds  or  dominions  of  the 
Bodhisattvas  Was.  (124).  —  sa-(!d  Glr,,  Mil, 
C,  place,  country  (  W,  *sa-lcydd*),  —  sa-^en 
1.  V.  above  sal,;  2.  v.  sa^bdu;  3.  v.  sa-skya, 

—  sa-sthl  V.  above  sa  1.  —  sa-diig  evap- 
oration, damp,  injurious  to  those  sleeping 
on  the  bare  ground.  —  sa-dd  (v.  do-po) 
half  a  load  of  earth,  a  sackful  of  earth,  being 
half  the  load  of  a  donkey  Mil,  —  *sa'd6n* 
W,  pit,  hole.  —  sa-bddg  1.  landlord,  master 
or  lord  of  the  ground,  sovereign  Stg,^  sd-yi 
bddg-po  sd-yi  r^e  are  words  used  in  address- 
ing a  king  Mil,  2.  more  frq.:  god  Of  the 
ground  of  the  country,  supposed  to  be  a 
jealous  and  angry  being,  of  terrific  appear- 
ance, to  whom  on  many  occasions  sacrifices 
are  brought,  and  who  prob.  was  worshipped 
already  before  the  spread  of  Buddhism  cf. 
Schl,  271.  —  sa-mda  1.  mouse-trap,  also  a 
large  trap  for  catching  leopards  and  other 
animals.  2.  a  fabulous  plant  (?).  —  sa- 
rdd  a  stone  of  earthy  fracture;  earth  and 
stones;  ^sa-dd  da  tsi-wa*  to  slight,  to  dis- 
regard, to  neglect  C.  —  sa-ynds  (^^ynds-sa) 
place,  region,  country,  landscape,  nyaTm-dga- 
bai  sa-ynds  a  lovely  landscape  Glr,  —  sa- 
sna-lnd  soil  of  five  diflferent  places. 

36* 


sa- 


570 


^^  saskyd 


^ 


^0^  SOrlu 


^6i 


pa  inhabitant  of  the  earth,  of  our  globe  Sch. 

—  sa-spydd  possessing  the  earth,  man  Cs. 

—  sa-pdg  Glr,^  prob.  =  so-^dg  brick,  dried 
in  the  sun.  —  sa-pug  cavern,  cave.  —  sa- 
pydgs  place,  region,  tract,  ^igs-pai  sa^pyogs 
an  unsafe  place  or  region  Thgy,  —  *sa- 
bi-lig*  W,  1.  mouse,  rat  2.  Ld.  also  bar,  bolt, 
door-bar?  —  sa-bld  v.  above  sa  1. — sa-^dn 
Cs.  =  sa-bddg^  v.  above  so  no.  1.  —  sa-Jbol 
Cs,  soft  earth.  —  sa-ma-rdd  or  sa-mivr-rdd- 
min  Sell,:  'neither  earth  nor  stone',  i.e.  a 
kind  of  conglomerate. — sa-min  Sch:  'white 
sand'  (??).  —  sorinds  Sch*  =  ku-'mu'da  or 
nd-pa-la,  —  sa-dmdr  red  earth;  sa-dmar- 
J)6n  n.  of  a  monastery  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Darjeeling,  situated  on  a  mountain-slope, 
which  consists  of  ared-coloured  soil(//(?oA.I, 
171  calls  it  Simonbong).  —  *sa-tse*  W.  sand 
or  gravel  found  in  roasted  barley  etc  — 
sorrfsigy  sa-rtsis,  sa-fsig  stage,  post-station. 

—  sa-mfsams^  W.  *san'fs(tm'^y  border,  fron- 
tier, boundary  Glr,;  sa-mfsdms  ^g^gs-pa  to 
fix  the  borders  or  limits,  to  mark  out  the 
boundaries.  —  sa-iag  dust  floating  on  water 
Pth.  —  sa-yii  ground,  soil,  footing,  floor; 
estate  Tar.  99.  —  sa-^dg  v.  above  sa  1, 
sa  '^og-spgdd  the  Nagas  (klu).  —  sa-ydhs  a 
wide  place  or  space,  an  extensive  tract  of 
land.  —  sa-yul  =  sa-M  Glr.  —  sor-yyos^  sa 
yyd'ba  earthquake.  —  sa-rtgs  species  of 
earth.  —  sa-ris  Pth.  ?  —  sa-iiil  Cs.  rotten 
or  decayed  earth  (?)  —  *8a-rd*  W.  rubbish, 
(^Sch.  fallow-ground,  fallow  field?)  —  sa- 
Idm  Mil,^  perh.  for  sa-ibui  lam,  —  sa^un 
Sch.  crust  of  the  earth  (?)  —  sa-bsin  fertile 
land,  rich  soil.  —  sa-srdn  hard  ground.  — 
sa^sinih  Cs,  «  sa-bdag  v.  above  sa  no.  1.  — 
sa-srds  evening  twilight,  dusk  Cs. 

^^  sa-^kyd  a  large  monastery,  S.W.  of 
^  Lhasa,  also  the  Lamas  belonging  to 
it,  clothed  in  red,  WiSs.  132.  SchllS,  sa 
('skya)'<!en('po)  honorary  title  of  the  Lama 
Kun-dga-snyin-po^  born  in  the  year  1090 
after  C  hrist ;  sa-skyd  pdndi-fa  a  famous  Lam  a 
of  this  monastery,  bom  1180. 
jMw  sd-ga  n.  of  one  of  the  lunar  mansions, 
Y^  V.  rgyu-sMdr  no.  7(fe,  and  hence  also  n. 

of  a  month,  part  of  March  and  April,  ni  f. 


^"^^^  s^-ga-ra  Skr,  the  sea. 

?r^^  sa-gu-fs^  worm  C. 

^r  sa-tra  Tar.  184  and  187,  Schf.:  di- 
^  ploma,  patent,  not  to  be  found  in  SsL 
dictionaries. 
^9^'<3?^^  «a-^<?^-na5r-po  deity  of  theiJdr- 

^•J^  sd-bon  1.  seed,  sd'bon  ^ddbs-pa  to 
'  sow,  sd'bon  btdb-mlcan  sower,  «d- 
bon-^u  by^drpa  to  use  as  seed-corn  Zfei; 
seed-corn,  com,  grain,  also  green  com,  sa- 
bcn  tsdm^la  rnd-ba  to  mow  off  as  if  it  were 
green  com  Ma.  —  2.  =  Uur-Urdg^  v.  Hu-ba 
Afed.]  also  =  M-ba,  e.g.  sd-bon  ^dzin-fa 
conception  S.g.^  sa-bon  zdg-pa  emissio  semi- 
nis  Glr.;  fig.:  propagation,  progeny,  issue; 
sd'bon  byed  mi  nus  then  no  propagation  can 
take  place ;  sa-bon  big  iog  'propagate  thy- 
self!' —  3.  fig.:  dgS'bai  sd-bon  tiie  seeds  or 
germs  of  virtue,  sdig-pai  sd-bon  the  germs 
of  vice,  da  sd-bon  Tna  bskyidr-na  if  I  do  not 
now  produce  seeds  viz.  of  virtue  (else  more 
frq.:  'a  root  of  virtue')  Dzl.\  byan-cub-kyi 
sd-bon  Tar.  —  4.  W.  soap,  ace.  to  the  Hind. 

^Lw,  more  accurately  qjLo 

IS^Q^S^  sa-^fsd-7na  Gopa,  the  wife  of 

Buddha. 
^'U^'sa-yo  a  million;  this  number,  however, 
is  not  much  in  use  with  Indians  and 
Tibetans,  whereas  the  lak,  Jbumy  100,000, 
frq.  serves  to  represent  a  very  large  sum. 
^TOJa'  ^^'y^f>  (sovereign,  'father  to  a  coon- 
try')  a  not  unfrequent  perversion  of 
the  title  sa-heb  W. 

5;T'X"Xf^'  sa-ra-so-r^  also  sar-s&r^  coarse- 
grained and  fine-grained  (com, 
seeds  etc.)  mixed  together  W. 
^x'  sa-ri  n.  of  a  lunar  mansion,  v.  rgyu- 

skdr  9^. 
^OT  «^-^  ^si*  n.  of  an  Lidian  tree,  Shorea 
Q,       robtcsta,  with  which  also  some  super- 
stitious fables  are  connected. 
^aiC'%  8a-Wn-;jft,  Hind.  H\i:f\,  a  kind 

'   of  violin, 
^'QT  ^^i^  'Ssk.  'Hfnit,  Oryza  so^o,  rice, 
^   as  a  plant;  ace.  to  Sch,  also  Indian 
com  (?). 


^roj-isr. 


sa'-le-sbrdm 


^ 


571 


?IC^'ft?r  sans-^gyds 


^     fine  gold. 

^Y^'  «a-A^ft,  col.  8db^  sab,  Arab.  wvj>U5, 

formerly  in  India  title  of  Moslems  of  high 
rank,  now  title  of  every  European,  =  gentle- 
man, sir. 
«mr  ^^y  ^so  nya-sag  Cs.,  1.  brawn,  callo- 

'  sity;  Sch.  also:  hair-side  (of  a  skin); 
sag-ban  brawny,  sag-^f&g  a  thick  brawn.  — 
2.  W,  scale,  (of  a  fish)  nyasag-ban  scaly. 
«jOTOTrx'  sag-yddr  C,  *sab'ddr*  TF.,  ysag- 

'    '  '      brddrSch.  a  T^sp^sag-yddr  rgyag- 
pa  to  rasp. 
JPTrn'  ^dg-pa  C.  a  little  bubble,  *«a^  sag 

'       zSr-wa*  to  sparkle,  to  effervesce. 

^^^^^sag-ra7nrrtM%}A^\i\xm  acid  Cs. 
W\(^y^  sag^?)-^  shagreen. 

W{^^  sag-ldd,  Pers,  oiLl,  1.  fine  cloth, 

made  of  U-na,  C.  ^go-nam*  (v.  snam-bu), 
European  broadcloth  W.  —  2.  round  or 
twisted  lace,  round  tape,  strips  of  cloth  set 
with  spangles?  W. 

^r-  san  1.  £.,  C.  to-morroW,  san-nyin  id. 
Glr,\  sdn-^ydugS'laioT  to-morrow  noon 
Dzl. ;  san  ndn-par  Cs,,  san  snd-bar  Glr.  to- 
morrow morning;  also  absolutely:  on  the 
following  day  JRc^.,  del -san  id.;  san-pdd, 
more  frq.  san-h  next  year;  san-pdd  da  tsdm- 
du  a  year  hence,  this  time  a  year.  —  2.  W, 
particle  denoting  the  comparative  degree, 
inst.  of  las  or  pas  of  -B.,  *de  san  H  gydl-la* 
this  is  better  than  that.  —  3.  Ld,  Bait 
sometimes  for  yan, 
|r^§*xtr'  san-kritai  skad  the  Sanskrit  Ian- 

-^^""  guageG/r. 
^r-qhrn'  sdn-gi-kaQ)  a  greenish  stone  of 
'  '  which  knife-handles  and  similar 
articles  are  said  to  be  made  W. 
•ff-'r'  sah-ndy  san-n^,  san-sun  Ld,  secretly, 
privately,  whisperingly,  by  report,  = 
sdm-sum. 

^'^-  san-sSn  hiding-place,  chink,  crevice, 

Kyim  -  gyi  of  the  house  Stg, ,  for 

hiding  money  and  treasures,  =  shiigs\  gds- 


hfi  folds  of  the  dress,  that  are  a  haunt  of 
vermin. 

•rr'n*  ^dn-bay  pf.  (b)sanSy  fut.  (b)sany  1.  to 
do  away  with,  to  remove  (dirt  etc.), 
to  cleanse,  cf.  Jsdn-bay  where  also  examples 
are  given.  —  2.  in  a  more  gen.  sense:  to 
take  away  or  off,  Uebs  sdn-ba  to  uncover; 
*llO'la  nyi'  san  son*  C.  his  sleep  is  gone,  he 
cannot  sleep.  —  3.  to  spoil,  to  render  unfit 
or  useless,  ^wd-ma  san  son*  C,  the  milk  is 
spoiled,  *zem  san  son*  the  cask  or  tub  leaks 
C.    CI  sen. 

•rrxt'Axr  sans  -  rgyds  the  Tibetan  equi- 
^  valent  for  ot";  as  to  the  etymo- 
logy of  the  word  v.  sub  Jsdn-ba.  The  first 
historical  Buddha  is  Sans-rgyas  M-kya  tub- 
pa,  whose  family  name  is  Gau-ta-ma  and 
his  personal  nameDon^grub,  fwWl^^  which, 
however,  is  not  much  used.  In  course  of 
time  several  imaginary  predecessors  were 
given  to  him:  ^Od-srun,  Gser-fub  and  ^Kor- 
ba-^jig,  as  having  existed  and  reigned  in 
former  periods  of  the  world.  A  successor 
also,  Bydms-pa,  was  assigned  to  him,  of 
whom  it  is  supposed  that  he  will  reign  at 
the  period  following  this  present  one.  Ac- 
cording to  others,  however,  Sakyaftcbpawa^ 
already  the  seventh  Buddha  that  appeared 
on  earth,  the  four  above-named  having  been 
preceded  by  Tams-dad-skydb,  Gtsug-tor-dan 
and  Rnam-par-yzigSy  this  last  one  being  the 
first  of  them  all.  These  seven  Buddhas  then 
are  comprised  under  the  name  of  Satis- 
rgyas-rabs-bd'wn.  —  But  the  fertile  ima- 
gination of  devote  Buddhists  has  further  in- 
creased the  number  of  future  Buddhas  to 
not  less  than  one  thousand  (?),  appropriate 
names  for  each  of  them  have  been  invented, 
and  Prof.  Schmidt  has  thought  it  worth  his 
while,  to  have  these  thousand  names  re- 
printed in  a  special  pamphlet.  Mysticism, 
however,  generally  knows  only  of  the  five 
first-named  Buddhas  (Gautama,  his  three 
predecessors  and  his  first  successor)  and 
to  each  of  these  five  'human*  Buddhas  a 
celestial  Buddha  corresponds,  called  'Dhy- 
ani  Buddha'  or  the  Buddha  of  contempla- 
tion, whilst  to  every  Dhyani  Buddha  again 


c~^ 


^'d4C'H\ 


"R»  ^' 


J A '^'y 


i 


fiK'^M.  1"    l0i~U  ,Mdo 


572 


^l*^- 


sad 


^ 


his  Dhyani  Bodhisattwa  is  associated.  In 
latertimes  there  is  evenmentioned  a  supreme 
or  highest  god,  Adi-Buddha,  tdg-mai  Sans- 
rgyds,  which  doctrine,  however,  seems  not 
to  have  been  generally  accepted.  —  Cf. 
Kopp.  II,  15—29. 
^r*  sad  frost,  cold  air,  cold,  coldness,  sdd- 

'  ki/is  Jcyh'-ba  to  be  destroyed  by  frost 
Glr,;  often  in  conjunction  with  sir-ba^  hail, 
cfc'^rj*  8dd-pa  I.  to  examine,  see,  try,  test, 

'  Myod  bzdd^dam  mi  bzod  sad-par  byao 
I  shall  see,  whether  you  are  patient  DzL ; 
yser  Itar  sdd-nas  mndn-par  ^gyur  like  gold, 
it  is  approved  by  testing  Z)2:i.;  nydms-sad-pa 
Y.nyams;  sad-mi  mi  bdun  'the  seven  men  of 
trial',  i.e.  the  seven  most  distinguished  and 
talented  among  the  young  Tibetans  sent  by 
king  Kri-srdn-lde-btsan  to  'Kanpo  Bodhi- 
sattwa, for  being  thoroughly  instructed  in 
religion  and  sciences  Glr.  86,  also  Tar,  162, 
22;  las  sdd-pai  gdn-zag  Mil,  a  tried,  a  tested 
man? 

II.  frq.  in  conjunction  with  ynyid^  resp. 
mnal  1.  to  cease  to  sleep,  to  awake,  rmis 
mu-tdg-fu  directly  from  that  dream  2>2:/., 
yzim-pa-las  from  sleep  DzL  —  2.  to  rouse, 
from  sleep,  to  waken,  more  precisely  sad- 
par  by^d-pa;  also  fig. :  dgd-bai  rtsd-ba  good, 
virtuous,  emotions  Tar. 


^|C^'^  sin-ba 

^•S>-m-  sa-rdzi-ka  Ssk.  SOda,  in  Wdn.  it  is 
'    mentioned  as  a  plant,  yielding  so<k 

^^'?Fv'  sar-sor  v.  8a-ra-s<hre. 

xiQf'nn'  scd-bdb  W.,  and  prob.  also  salriil 
Mil.,  gold  ornament,  gold  lace,  and 
the  like,  ni.f. 

^q'(^n*  8a7  -le-ba  clear,  bright,  brilliant 
Mil,  saUUr  sndn-ba  lighted  up 
brilliantly,  well  lighted  Pth.,  mdans  scJridl 
id.  Pth. 

^^  sas  instr.  of  sa. 

ft*  si  1.  in  some  parts  of  Ld.  the  termina- 
tion of  the  instrum.  after  vowels,  like 
su  in  Kun.  —  2.  also  si-si,  the  sound  of 
whistling  through  the  teeth,  si-skady  si-sgra 
whistling,  whistle ;  si-brda  whistling,  whistle, 
as  a  call  or  sign;  si-glu  a  whistled  tune.  — 
3.  num. :  58. 

^h-^  si-td  n.  of  one  of  the  four  fjEibuloas 
^  r\  streams  of  the  world. 
1^^-  si-ri  1.  pack-thread,  twine  C,  W.  —  2. 
bar,  bolt,  door-bar,  *si-ndw^-^^  or  ^dt- 
be*  to  bolt,  to  bolt  up,  V-n  tdn-t^  to  un- 
bolt, unbar  W. 

Ii^'(^  si-ri- Jm  centiped  W. 

^1^0^  s«-WZ  a  kind  of  inkhom,  case  for 
carrying  an  inkstand  in  one'spocket 
Ld, 


^S^^  mn^n,  Pen.  ^,  bayonet  W.     ^^T  d-la  SsL  f^jwit  a  sort  of  i 


incense. 


^^  sab,  col.  for  sa-heb. 

-.-.«. samr-ta  Schr.,  brtsam-grwa  Cs.,  others : 
^  i86^7?i-^o,8d6-dra,  pocket-book,  note- 
book, memorandum -book,  tablets  C,  W. 
(Cs.  a  small  writing-desk?). 

^^^fl^sam-ddlLd.,yar-samLh.  mustaches. 

?^3i|Y$|')?WY^^  8am(-^)-*wm(-^)  with 
^    ^^    ^    ^  a  low  voice,  lowly,  softly, 

e.g.  *z^-ie*,  from  politeness  etc.;  ^sam-sum 

zer*  speak  in  a  low  voice!   W. 

«fX'  «a^  !•  termin.  of  sa,  de-sar  ^don-pa  Cs. 
to  promote  to  high  rank  or  dignity, 

sar-ynas-dpd-bo  (in  a  hymn)  was  explained 

by:  sa  bcu-la  ynds-pai  dpd-bo  i.e.  Buddha. 

—  2.sdr-ybodrpa  v.  ysar,  —  3.  sbst.  wick  W. 


^^ 


|V|5}'3T  si-li-ma  the  breaking  up  of  the  ice 
Sch. 

^Jeh'^T  ^^9'IP^  *®  ^^^^^  up?  *^  g*ve  a  hitch, 
'  as  porters  do  with  a  load  on  their 
back  Cs. 

sig-bu  ScLj  mg-ra  Schr.,  a  sort  of 

basket. 

^sC^'  sin  V.  sin-sin. 

§r-g4;r  ^n-skyitr  Sch.  curdled  milk,  sour 

^      milk. 
^>p'Z3rS|r'  sin-ga-gUh  Cs.,  sin-ga-lai  gUn 
^'^   '«'"  GZr.,ft|^,  Ceylon. 
^Jr-qj»  sin-ge  1.  frq.  for  sen-ge.  —  2.  v. 

'   rtsin-ge. 
'||j--q-  sin-ba  1.  vb.,  *bal  dn-^e*  tO  pick  orf, 
sort  out,  wool  for  the  third  time,  by 


^•g*  sin-bu 


^ 


?rU' 


573 


su-mi 


which  the  finest  is  obtained.  —  2.  adj.  in 
compounds :  najr-m-Ja  jet-black,  very  black 
Thffy,;  sprdsih-ba  v.  spro, 
^r^pr  sin-bu  liquor  made  of  mare's  milk, 

^  Tartar  arrack  Sch. 
Ite'<g6^  sin-fsdl  Ts.  tca-pot,  tea-kctllc. 

?|CU^Qf  sin-ydl  v.  sen-rds  in  sen-po. 

ft[^'^-  sin-ri  1.  n.  of  a  mountain  Glr,  — 

2.  =  sim-po. 
^•^-  ^n-8/nthin,  limpid,  of  fluids  W.  (yet 
cf.  sih-po)^  *8in  dug^de*  to  clarify, 
to  purify. 

^^2f  5?w5-po  1.  adj.  thin,  clear  W.  —  2. 
sbst.  Cs.,  also  ?a«(-6a)-8iw8  JVA., 
L<.,  *uff»sin*  Lrf.  small-beer,  the  fourth  in- 
fusion of  'chang',  a  weak  beverage,  without 
any  intoxicating  qualities,  yet  not  disrel- 
ished on  that  account, 
^r-q-  sidrpa  to  whistle  Sch,^  sid-sgra  =»  si- 

'       sgra, 
^^x:  ^ndhu-ruy  for  fi|»^4^  minium,  red 
S      lead,  =  Zi-/H  Glr, 

^H'sr  ^-po,  to  evaporate,  to  soak  in,  to  be 
imbibed,  of  fluids,  sib-sib  or  sib-kyis, 

also  Mb-kyis  fim-pa  to  evaporate  quickly. 

I^q-q-  stiy-bu  Lt;  Cs.:  a  sort  of  small-pox; 
^  iScAr.rthe  measles. 

ft^q-  sim-pa  Lea.  =  bdd-bay  «raf,  sbst. 
good  health,  prosperity,  vb.  to  be  well, 

to  be  well  off. 

^^'ScYGT')  «m-6ui(-Za)  adv.  sliding,  glid- 
'^    ^  ing,  slipping,  with  *M-be*  to 

move  along  in  this  way  Ld, 

^ '  '  ^  piece,  a  fragment,  ro  sil- 
bur  Jor  the  corpse  falls  to  pieces  Mil;  siU 
sil  col.  id.;  *sil  bd-be*  to  reduce  to  small 
pieces,  by  breaking,  crumbling,  plucking 
etc.  W. 
«jQr«iy  silsnydn  (also  sil  and  sU-sil  Lex.) 

V  '  cymbal,  Udgs-kyi  sil  JirdUba  Lex.j 
sU  snydn  rdl-mo  Jirdl-ba  Glr.^  DzL  to  strike 
the  cymbals;  sil-snydip-ma  a  female  cymbal- 
player  Tar. 

^OiVgv  siUma  1.  the  tinkling  sound  of  a 
cymbal,  rdza-Mb  sH-mas  snydn-pa 


brjod  tunefully  flows  the  brook  over  its  clay- 
slate  bed  J/iZ.^;  sU'Mb  gurgling  water,  rip- J'rt.n 
pling  brook  Mil, — 2  .also  sU-dnxd  the  rupee  ^ 

of  Ladak,  =  4^aw,  =  ^  of  an  Indian  rupee, 
*sUrnul  gyad-di  nas*  a  patch  of  barley  worth 
8  Silma  Ld. 

^  sul,  pron.,  also  su  iig^  1 .  interrog.  pron. 
^  who?  ^di-^na  su  yod  who  is  here?  Hyod 
su  yin  who  are  you?  su  H-skad  byd-ba  yod 
who  is  it  and  what  is  his  name?  M7.;  which? 
=  gan,  rgydUpoi  bu  suzig  which  son  of  the 
king?  Tar.y  su-mams^  su-dag^  col.  ^su-su* 
plural  form;  in  certain  popular  phrases:  *sw- 
gydg*  race,  running-match  W.,  *su  fob  gydb- 
pa*  to  pounce  upon,  to  snatch  away,  to 
plunderC,  W. — 2. correlative  and  indefinite 
pron. :  su  mi  di  ysdd-pa  dA-la  , , .  sbyin-no 
to  him  that  kills  this  man,  I  shall  give  . . . 
Stg.;  Myod  snar  su-la  yan  ysdl-ba  ma  btdb- 
bam  have  not  you  already  asked  somebody 
before?  Z>2;Z.>CQ,  14(acc.  to  a  better  reading) ; 
su  de  cdn-bai  gdn-du  mcio  I  shall  go  to 
him  who  has  it  Do  ;  su  fod-fdd  whom  it 
concerns  Sc/i.(?);  su  yah(run)  whosoever, 
whoever,  any  body  who,  also  absolutely: 
every,  every  one,  all,  su-bas  kyan  pyis  later 
than  all  (the  others)  Dzl,^  when  followed  by 
a  negative:  nobody,  frq,;  su  byuh  Mil,  =  su 
yan]  su  med  kyah  though  nobody  be  pre- 
sent Pth.]  su,  su  idg,  su  gah  is  also  used 
for  somebody,  some  one,  a  certain  (but  not 
frq.  and  more  in  col.  or  vulg.  language): 
su  gah  mdzd-bo  iig  a  certain  friend;  su  s^- 
sna-dan  Hg  a  (certain)  miser;  also  in  the 
following  manner:  *sa  bad  dug  su  tsem  dug* 
one  cuts  out,  the  other  sews  W.;  *bdh'bu  su 
h'bur-nyi-^a^  su  lo-bu-pa  yin*  some  of  the 
donkeys  are  twelve,  others  ten  years  old. 
—  n.  termination:  1.  of  the  term,  after  a 
final  s,  cf.  tu^  du^  ru.  —  2.  of  the  instr.  in 
Kun,:  *^d-pa'SU*  from  or  by  the  father, 
inst.  of  the  pas  of  B.  (cf.  ^  in  the  Braj- 
dialect  of  the  Hindi).  —  3.  expletive  after 
nas  Mil.  and  elsewh.  —  III.  num. :  88. 


^^  su-gi  vulgar  corruption  of  dzo-ki  q.v. 

cr^  su-mi  a  medicinal  root  serving  as  an 
^       antidote  Cs. 


^^'5J(3r(3b'  surru-pan-tsd 

^  1     '   N3        1  p'^^  Guinea  pepper, 

Capsicum  annuum  C,  W. 
xrov  8u-luf  siir-lui  fsul-du  bzugs-pa  denotes 
^  ^   perh.  the  usual  sitting  posture  of  Mi- 
laraspa  who,  while  reciting  his  songs,  used 
to  stretch  out  his  left  leg,  drawing  up  the 
other,  and  supporting  his  right  arm  on  it, 
on  which  his  head  was  leaning. 
^•^  sw-sw  1.  V.  5M.  —  2.  sU'Su  zev'-wa 
^  ^  denotes  the  drawing  in  the  breath  in 
blowing  up  a  fire,  the  lips  being  nearly  clos- 
ed, to  prevent  ashes  or  smoke  from  enter- 
ing the  mouth. 
[  ^jqr  ^  reward,  recompense,  siuz-^^ndn  id., 

^  '  sug-rjM  mark  of  honour  as  a  reward 
Cs. ;  pag-sug  a  bribe,  frq. 

xjrn'jn*  ^^-p«  !•  sbst.  1.  the  hand  Med. ;  sug- 
^  '  bins  handwriting  Sch,  —  2.  the  lower 
part  of  the  leg  of  animals,  rtai  sug-bhi; 
^sug-gu*  W.  id.  —  3.  a  medicinal  herb  Wdn, 
11.  vb.  to  push,  jog,  nudge  a  person,  in 
order  to  waken  him,  or  to  make  him  atten- 
tive; to  push  open,  a  door  with  a  stick  Mil.\ 
sug-pa  zig  byid^a  MiL^  *sug  gydb-pd*  C. 
to  push,  to  shove,  to  displace,  *sug  ^a  yhf 
it  will  get  out  of  its  place  W, 

^OTr^Joj'  sug-rmel  Cs.:  'a  kind  of  spice, 
^   '  betel,  betel-nut' (?);  8t^^-sw<?^  Z/<. 

and  C,  cardamom. 

^r'n'  sud-pa  to  cough,  to  breathe  with  diffi- 
^  '  culty  C«.,  sudrde  U-ba  to  be  choked 
or  suflFocated  Sch, 

^^n'  sun-pa  vb.  and  adj.  1.  to  be  tired  of, 
^  '  weary  of,  sick  of;  tired,  weary,  out  of 
humour  md-ba  mi  sun-te  not  tired  of  hearing 
Mil ;  yid  sun-par  ^yur-ba  to  become  tired, 
to  get  weary  of;  the  more  precise  form  of 
the  adj.  is  sun-po:  ^kdg-dan  de  zd-na  siin- 
po  rag  or  sun-na  rag*  W.  if  one  eats  rice 
every  day,  one  gets  tired  of  it;  *sems  sun- 
po*  id.;  *'dm'Cog  sun  son*  C  one  gets  tired 
of  hearing  C;  *sd'heb  nyen  sun  run*  though 
it  may  be  disagreeable  to  you.  Sir,  to  hear 
it  C ;  fugs-sun  dgdiis-pa  ytn-pa  ^dug  I  sup- 
pose your  Reverence  will  be  tired  of  it  Mil, ; 
I  *sun*  (C.  *sun*)  *dug-<^e*  to  make  (a  person) 


^ 


tired  of  (a  thing),  to  vex,  annoy,  to  shin  or 
drown  with  noise,  to  deafen.  —  2.  sun^par 
byid-pa  Dzl.y  and  more  frq.  sun-par  byin- 
pa  1 .  to  drown  with,  to  overpower  by  noise, 
to  silence  (thus  prob.  Mil.  ch.  34  init.) ;  hence 
2.  to  refute,  confute,  disprove  Tear.  3.  c.  ace 
to  insult,  defame,  disgrace,  dishonour  Scht., 
DzL  999, 1,  3,  Tpyf,  2;  Bhar.  67,  &?A/.;  so 
perh.  also  sun-pa  in  the  following  passage 
oiMiL:  fugs-rje  drdg-po  sun  ma  byin  we 
will  not  put  to  shame  the  great  &voar  (of 
the  Lama).  4.  to  renounce,  to  resign,  sun 
Jbyin-pai  stabs  strength  to  renounce  (the 
world). 

^q-^  sub-pa^  pf.  (b)subsy  fut.  bsuh,  1.  to 
^  stop  up,  plug  up,  close,  cork;  to  keep 
shut,  closed,  locked  up,  to  stop,  ka  sna  Idg- 
pas  to  stop  one's  mouth  and  nose  with  one's 
hand  Lt. ;  dbugs  sub-pa  to  strangle,  suffocate, 
choke  (a  person);  to  fill  up,  choke  up  (with 
earth,  rubbish  etc.)  a  lake  Glr. ;  sna-sub  a 
disease.of  the  nose?  Lt  —  2.  to  cover,  dose, 
shut  up  Sch.y  more  frq.,  fig.  rkah-nyis  sub- 
pa  to  cover  the  trace  or  track,  to  efface 
every  vestige;  *U'^  fur-la  sub-d^  to  turn 
down  the  brim  of  the  hat;  to  blot  OUt,  erase, 
ri-mo  a  drawing,  bu-lon^ai  min  the  name 
of  a  debtor;  to  hush  up,  conceal,  cover,  e.g. 
other  people's  offences;  to  suppress,  to  avoid, 
e.g.  obscene  words;  to  allow  to  settle,  the 
mash,  in  brewing;  in  all  these  instances  in 
W,  also  *sub'te  bor-de*  is  used. 
^w  8W7W,  iorysumy  three,  in  compounds  be- 
^  fore  consonants :  sttm-bu  30,  sum-brgya 
300,  suvn-stdn  3000;  sum-'ia,  Sch,  also  sum- 
yar,  a  third,  the  third  part,  JLzam-bu-glih 
s^m-^a  ynyis  (or  only  sum-ynyis)  two  thirds 
of  Dzambuling  (i.e.  of  the  world)  Dz,y  bod 
sum  ynyis  two  thirds  of  (all)  the  Tibetans 
Ma. ;  sum^skyd  Sch.  a  cord  of  three  twisted 
threads;  sum-cu-rtsa-ysum  the  33  ancient 
gods  (of  the  Vedas);  siim-bu-pa  the  thirty, 
i.e.  30  letters,  the  Tibetan  alphabet,  sum- 
cu-pa  dan  rtags-^ug  Zam.  the  alphabet 
and  the  punctuation, abbreviated:  sum-rtdgs 
Lexx. 
^^/^•N&r  sum^^buyUg  a  medicinal  herb 


^ 


%^*^'  s4n-ffe 


575 


^S^q-    ^^^q"  «^^-P«.  sums-pa  I.  adj. 
^       '  ^  putrid,  rancid,  rotten. 

n.  vb.,  pf.  bsuTns?  fut.  bsum,  Sch,  to 
bind  or  tie  together,  to  draw  together;  to 
condense. 

^^<3^  sur-na^  IWs.  \f'     hautboy,  larger 

than  the  glih-bu  and  sounding  sharper;  for 
profane  use. 

^^'5J<3r  sur-pdn  v.  stc-ru-pan-fsd. 

^^^'  or  ?J^'  sur-ya  or  suiya  Med.,  ;r^, 
^  ^^=^  colocynth.  "^ 

^^'^^swr-«wr  coarse-grained,  e.g.  grits  W. 

^Qj-  sul  an  artificial  plait  or  gather  made 
^  in  a  dress  W,;  furrow,  channel,  groove, 
trench,  ditch  (Cs.);  ri-sul  lateral  valley, 
ravine,  hollow,  ri-sul-gyi  gron-Ky^r  ravine 
as  a  haunt  of  evil  spiiits;  brag-sul  narrow 
ravine  between  rocks ;  ka-sul  the  fluting  in 
a  column;  siiUban  furrowed,  having  plaits 
or  folds;  std-ma  an  angular,  not  round, 
vessel;  sul-mdl  the  third  stomach  of  ru- 
minating animals,  the  psalterium  or  book- 
tripe  Sch.,  sul-mdns  Lt 
j^^  sm  1.  instr.  of  su.  —  2.  Uym-sus 
^  Gyatch.  7^,  13,  also  %.? 
^  se  \.  Lid.  inst.  of  te  after  «,  e.g.  *z6s'Se* 
—  2.  num.:  118. 

^•9jaj-  ^^'9<il  1.  snapping  one's  fingers.  — 
'  2.  the  time  it  takes  to  do  this,  i.e. 
a  very  short  time,  a  moment,  a  twinkling  6^., 
se-goir-gyi  sgi*a  the  sound  produced  by  snap- 
ping the  fingers,  se-gdl-gyi  h^da  a  signal 
given  by  it  Cs.;  se-gdl  ytdg-pa  Mil.,  byid- 
pa  Mil.,  brddlh-pa  Glr.  to  snap  one's  fin- 
gers as  a  sign  of  contempt  or  indignation. 
«rcr'  se-ti'dn  yellow  beads  of  a  rosary, 
"^  coming  from  the  central  part  of  Ti- 
bet, accounted  more  valuable  than  ^rdg- 

^^^T  se-dug  v.  se-sm. 


^%',  =T^i 


se-driy  bse-dri  the  disagree- 
able smell  of  the  sweat  of  the 

arm-pits  Lty  se-dri  bsndm-fa  having  that 

smell  Pth. 


?f  55^'  se-navi  vulgar  for  bsod-snyoms^  alms. 
^^^'  se-spur  Sch.  dung-beetle. 

;^q-    ^^q'    q^q-  «^-*«^  yse-ba,  bse-ba 
'     '       '  1.  rose-bush,  rose- 

tree;  rose;  yser-Tiidog-si-ba-me  (iov  me-tog) 
Lt.y  prob.  the  yellow  rose;  wild  roses  with 
beautiful  and  rich  blossoms  frequently  adorn 
the  slopes  of  the  lower  hills  in  the  Hima- 
laya mountains ;  whether  the  se-7'gdd  Med. 
and  the  'wild  rose'  of  Cs.  are  identical,  seems 
to  be  questionable;  ^se-diim*  C.  hip,  haw. — 
Uh'Si-ba  is  mentioned  as  the  food  of  the 
silk-worm  Glr.,  hence  =  ^6-se-Un.  —  3. 
thorn? 

«V2j^  se-bo  gray,  skra  se-bo  gray  hair;  nngo 
se-bo  (resp.  dbu  se-bo)  a  gray-headed 
person.  —  In  col.  language  many  things 
which  we  call  gray,  are  styled  white. 

^•Q.n'     oky  ^^'o^^^^)  ^^^  (^'  ^sen-du*,  W. 

^'      ^  *sem'ru*)  pomegranate. 
OJ'^?^  se-mo-do  or  se-mo-to  Mil.  a  kind  of 

^    ornament,  e.g.  made  of  pearls. 
^•Jpn-  se-m6gC.\\{t  venereal  disease;  se-rmd 

'  syphilitic  ulcers  Sch. 

^^q-^    ^^C^q*  se-ydb,  bse-ydb  fig  Med. 

«J-X'  se-ray  n.  of  a  large  monastery  near 
Lhasa. 

^^^'^^'5J<3['  se-rag-dur-smdn  carrot  W. 

xVjpi-  se-r^l  half  open,  *se-rel  bUg-ce*  to 

open  half  (doors,  lids,  covers  etc.)  W. 

^^r*  n^.Sr'  se-sinybs4-hinCs.:^2^irQQOv 

'    '  '      shrub,  good  for  hedges , 

se-dug  1.  poison  contained  in  that  shrub. 
2.  =  se-m6g  Cs. 
^    ^^  ^^9>  ^^9-^^9  Obliquely,  awry, 

''  '  '  sideways,*  s^^-y^od-pa  6s., 
*seg-dhe-la  dhd-wa*  C,  ^seg-de-la  de-ce*  W' 
to  cut  off  obliquely  (opp.  to  *f^'-ka7l'la* 
straight  C). 

^^^'  seg-via  small  stones,  gravel  W. 

^C^'  seri  V.  ysefi. 

«Jr-qj.  s^n-ge,  W.  *siri-ge*,  lion,  seh-ge-mo 
'   lioness,  sen-gei  rdl-pa  the  mane  of 


576 


%;'^'  seh-lddfl 


^ 


^3T 


sem 


a  lion;  sen -get  Uri  f^^p^  a  throne  Csaid 
to  be  so  called  from  its  being  supported  by 
golden  lions'  Will,) ;  sen-mgd  lion's  head  Glr,\ 
seii-ydon'ma  Sch.^  =  sUha-mu-ka  lion's  face, 
a  goddess,  Glr.;  sen-prug  a  lion's  whelp, 
sen-fsdn  a  lion's  den. 

^Jr'Qjr'  seri'lddn  S.g ,  sen-tBirWdn,^  a  tree 
^  growing  on  the  southern,  lower 
ranges  of  the  Himalayas,  having  red  wood, 
and  a  bark  which  by  poor  people  is  used 
for  tea  (sdon-jd) ;  its  sap  serves  as  an  offi- 
cinal drug,  Lt]  ace.  to  Schf.  ^rfy^  Acacia 
Catechu. 

%;'2f  q^'if  ^^'P^y  bsin-po  1.  clean, 
'  white,  cf.  skya  -  sin.  —  2. 

Sch,:  thin,  airy,  transparent,  not  dense  or 
tight,  sen -sin  id.  {Sch.:  open,  free,  roomy, 
spacious);  shji-bo  sen-sH-por  gyur  they  be- 
came very  thin,  lean,  pale  people,  ^stn-sih" 
pOy  sings-po*  W.  id.;  sen-rds  Sch.y  ^sin-yoP^ 
W,  a  thin  curtain,  thin  cotton  cloth. 
SiC'S'  ^^'bttj  pf.  bsans^  fut.  bsafi^  bseh^  to 
lift  up,  to  raise  what  was  hanging 
down  or  drooping  W.  *8an  co-he  or  tan-ce^ 
to  lift  up  (the  eyes,  the  hands,  the  dress 
etc.) ;  sku'kdms  bsih-ba-la  Jbyon  (his  Reve- 
rence) goes  to  take  some  recreation  Mil,; 
/cams  dub-pa  sM-ba  to  refresh  the  wearied 
body  Mil,;  Hams  rmugs-pa  bsM-bai  rlun- 
ndd  bracing  air;  skyo-bsdn-ba  to  unbend 
the  mind,  to  divert  one's  self;  skyo-sin-la 
^ro-ba  (resp.  Jby^n-pa)  to  take  a  walk, 
sen-la  mdzddr-pa  to  drive  out,  to  take  the 
air  in  a  carriage  Pth,;  mya-ndn  bsdhs-fe 
consolatory,  giving  comfort  Pth, 

^C;'^C;;   ^'^C;'  ^^^-^'h  ^en-^dn  V.  yseg- 
'    '  '      sd/'i. 

sed  a  file,  *dag'Se'*  id.,  *sin'S^*  a  rasp. 


^<3^igq^  sen-fdbs  MiU 

^&f^  s^-wo,  resp.  pyag-sen  or  zabs-s^j 
'  nail  of  a  fingeror  toe;  sen-f6g  a  gripe, 
pinch,  nip,  twitch;  a  pinch  (of  snuff)  sen- 
Tno  ^debs-pa,  W.  *tdb'te  or  gydb-ce*  to  pinch, 
squeeze,  ^sen-his  gydb-be*  to  bore  with  the 
knuckles  TF.;  sen-tsdm  Sch.  as  much  as  may 
be  put  on  a  finger-nail,  a  small  quantity; 


sen-zd  a  white  spot,  such  as  will  sometimes 
appear  on  the  nails  of  the  fingers. 

^^  sdf  V.  yseb. 

^  ^^'^  sem,  usually  sems,  Ssk.  ^rW,resp. 

'  ffTOT   ^®"''  ^^P-  ^  power  of 

N9  '  '  perception  and  volition, 
mind,  cf.  yid  and  bh;  sems  na  the  mind  is 
disturbed,  disordered  Mng.;  sem  Jirugs-fa 
a  mind  agitated  and  troubled  by  sorrow, 
affliction,  vexation  etc.,  sem  Udh-du  (prUdm- 
su)  Hdpa  one  very  much  grieved,  deeply 
concerned;  sem  "Sun-ba  a  timid  mind,  *sem 
fs^'han*  W,  a  compassionate  disposition, 
*sem  nyi-mo*  W,  a  friendly  disposition;  sem 
yso'ba  B,,  *sem  so  tdn-ce  or  bug-be*  W,  tO 
console,  comfort,  appease;  the  mind  as  ima- 
ginative faculty,  intellectual  power,  sem  stdr- 
ba  to  lose  one's  senses  Do. ;  spirit,  kun-yzH 
sem  the  (eternal)  spirit  (opp.  to  Jbyiin-ba 
bziilus  the  material,  perishable  body)  Mil] 
s&m-kyi  spyddrpa  intellectual  power,  mental 
faculties  Wdh,;  dhos-po  tarns -bad  rdn-gi 
semsyin-te^SLS  things  with  me  are  onlymind', 
i.e.  as  they  exist  only  in  my  mind,  in  my 
imagination  Thgr.^  cf.  Was,  (136);  shn-la 
m>a  son  'it  did  not  enter  his  mind',  he  had 
no  mind,  did  not  like  W. ;  sems  ^gyur  (his) 
mind  is  changed,  ^ems  sgyur-ba  to  change 
one's  mind,  fietavoeiv;  bzdd-paisems  patient 
indurance,  fortitude,  constancy;  ynod-sem» 
malice;  hes-rdb  dan  Iddn-pai  sem^  wisdom, 
knowledge;  sems  skyidrpa^  cgenit.,  to  suffer 
thoughts  or  inclinations  to  rise  in  one's  mind, 
as  e.g.  jiod-Mgs-kyi  libidinous  (thoughts), 
frq.;  also:  to  nourish,  indulge  (desires,  pas- 
sions), to  give  way  to  them ;  often  used  for 
our  reflective  verbs:  sems  «mad-pa  to  humble 
one's  self  (we  zig-la  before  a  person);  also: 
bddg-gi  sSms-la  smad  he  blamed,  scolded, 
himself  Dzl,  ^^S,  3,  cf.  lus. 

Comp.  s^?n^-77iAfan  intelligent,  sensible, 
shrts-mUan  mi  ybig  kyah  ma  byun  not  one 
sensible  person  was  present  Glr, — sems-^h-al 
a  mind  afflicted,  painfully  agitated  Sch,  — 
sems-ban  animated  being,  man,  animal,  very 
frq. ;  shns-ban  dan  Iddn-pa  being  with  child, 
pregnant;  sems-ban-dmydl-ba  =  dmydl-ba- 


—  sems-nytd  Glr.y  Thgy.y  Hhe  very  soul', 
but  this  IS  often  nearly  the  same  as  'spirit', 
and  in  the  language  of  the  N.  T.  it  may 
fitly  be  used  for  nvevfia^  and  fugs-nyid  for 
fivsvfia  ayiov^  Holy  Spirit  —  sems  -  rt^ 
keepsake,  token  Pth.  and  col.  —  sems-ddn 
an  intellectual  or  spiritual  good,  gift,  or  pos- 
session MU.  —  sems'bcU  cheerful,  merry  Mil. 

—  serm-ndd  heart-grief,  affliction,  s&ms-kyi 
ndd-du  ile  he  has  much  heart-grief  Glr.  — 
sems-dpd  a  brave  mind;  hyan-hLb'Sems-dpd 
V.  byan-W)'^  sems-dpa-^Sn^Oy  *|f  l^igf,  a 
frq.  apposition  to  it.  —  sims-Uam  a  mere 
thought,  idea  Was. (1 34),  s4m8'tsam^a(Cs. : 
^^I^i4)  ^  mystic Kopp.  11,  25.  —  seim- 
fsir  fatigue,  weariness,  disgust  Sch. 
^«/^»q-  8^7n(s)'paj  pf.  semsy  bsamSy  fut. 

^  "^  bsarfiy  imp.  «om,  W.  *«am-^^*,  to 
think,  ^di  snydrn-du  sems-so  or  bsdms-so  he 
thought  as  follows,  he  had  the  following 
thoughts;  Idg-par  sim-pa  to  think  ill  (of  a 
person)  Dzl;  to  meditate,  muse,  ponder, 
sSm-Min-du  absorbed  in  meditation,  lost  in 
thought  Dzl.y  mi-dgd-bar  a^m-iin  immersed 
in  melancholy  thoughts  DzL;  in  C.  *«^w- 
hin-du*  signifies  at  the  present  time :  know- 
ingly, wilfully,  purposely,  =  5^8  bhn-du; 
hm-tu  soms  hig  think  over  it  seriously !  Dzl. ; 
to  think  of,  c.  accus.,  grdn-bai  ynas  (to  think) 
of  a  cool  place,  i.e.  to  long  for  coolness 
DzLy  and  cdat.:  rdn-gi  yuUla  ma  bsdm- 
par  forgetful  of  home,  forgetting  one's  native 
soil  Glr.y  yi-ge  ^di-la  ma  beam -par  disre- 
garding this  contract  Glr. ;  also  with  termin. : 
yidn^u  ma  sems  Ug  do  not  think  of  any- 
body else;  to  intend,  purpose,  have  in  view, 
e.g.  yndd-par  byd-bar  to  do  harm  Dzf.; 
construed  in  the  same  manner,  it  also  sig- 
nifies: to  fancy,  imagine  Do.;  with  dan  ^drd- 
bareaxd  similar  expressions:  to  hold,  think, 
consider,  to  take  for,  to  look  upon  as;  da  Ji&r- 
bai  nyes-dmigs  bsdm-hes-na  (for  bsdm-iin) 
now  that  you  know  with  full  consciousness 
the  punishment  of  (going  through)  the  cycle 
(of  animal  existences)  MU.  (yet  cf.  bsdm^ 
les  in  bsdm^a).  Sometimes  it  denotes  only 
an  act  of  memory,  a  remembering :  Ihd-^os  fos- 
bsamrbyidrpoHrnams  those  who  have  heard 


^ 


577  . 
,  ,  ^f^'T  seUba 

and  kept  in  their  memory  the  religion  of  Bud- 
dha, (who  remember  the  words  even  without 
understanding  them)  Mil.  Cf.  bsdm^a. 
^^-  seu  1.  a,  little  tooth  Lt.  —  2.  pome- 

^^  granate. 
^;^'     ^^'^'  ^^>  s^-rw  corruption,  putre- 
faction? *mdr'la  sSr-ru  gyab* 
C.  the  butter  turns  yellow  and  rancid,  s^ 
ban  rancid  S.g. 

^X^Tjy  sdr-ka,  ser-Ua,  s4r-ga  1.  a  deft,  slit, 
'  fissure,  crevice,  gap,  brag-s^  chasm 
or  cleft  in  a  rock;  rgya-sir  a  large  gap, 
cleft,  chasm ;  s^-ka  siib-pa  to  close,  stop  up 
a  hole  PHh,  —  2.  v.  sir-po. 
^;^w  ser-skyd  Lamas  and  laymen,  ^ser-kyd 

^  kun  ^dym-^majh^-pa*  a  promiscuous 
convention,  parish  council  6*. —  2.  v.  skyd-bo. 
^^Sjl'^r  5^"%^^:P«  a  sect  of  Lamas  = 

^  dbdn-po. 

?|^'^y$I'5^-^a-7naS{?A.  turmeric.  Curcuma. 

^x^^  ^cr'114  Lt  a  yellow  aquatic  flower; 

^ser-cen*  W.  Saodfraga  fiagellaris. 
^^'fT  «^-«^<* avarice,  frq.;  s^^-sna byM-pa 

^  to  be  avaricious  DzL  -  iu^'*^^^^1$U  l^^^-eJkt , 
^x(£f  s^-po  yellow;  ser-^prU  clerical  pro^'  ***' *^ 

cession,  parade  Mil.nt. 
;^x-q»s^-ia  hail;  ser-fcrdl  a  kind  of  in- 
surance against  damage  done  by  hail, 
i.e.  money  paid  to  the  Lama  for  his  pre- 
ventive ceremonies. 
^^5*  s^'bu  V.  bs^r-bu. 

^x^  B^'fno  1.  C.  col.  finger.  —  2.  W. 
six-rowed  barley,  late  barley.  —  sir- 
mo-ba  the  Lamas  Sch. 
^q-  sel  1.  discord,  dissension,  nan-sM  do- 
mestic dispute.  —  2.  a  kind  of  incan- 
tation, like  brtad,  sel  ^iig-pa  to  exorcise, 
to  make  use  of  conjurations  or  incantations 

Ma. 

^Joj-q-  sel  -  6a,  pf. ,  fut.  bsal^  imp.  soZ,  to 
remove,  esp.  impurities,  hence  to 
cleanse;  to  pick,  pick  off;  to  blot  out,  cross 
out,  bu-lon  a  debt;  to  clear,  *lam  sdUbe*  W. 
to  make  a  path  or  road;  very  frq.  fig.:  to 
remove,  to  remedy  (an  evil),  to  cure  (a 
disease),  to  repair  (a  damage),  to  redress 
grievances),  to  dispel  (darkness)  etc. 

37 


578 


^  80,  I.  sbst.  1.  resp.  tserm^  tooth,  sten-so, 
yd'80  upper  tooth ;  ^dg-so,  md-so  lower 
tooth;  mdunr-so  Sch.  ybdd^so^  Stg.  so-drun 
fore-tooth,  front-tooth;  sbubs-so,  grdm-so^ 
rdn-foff'SO  Sch,  Iddn^so  cheek-tooth,  molar- 
tooth,  grinder,  mt^so  Cs ,  ^cdd-tensd*  W. 
eye-tooth,  corner-tooth,  canine -tooth.  — 
2.  tooth  of  a  saw,  wheel,  comb.  —  3.  edge 
of  a  knife. 

II.  sbst  fbr«a,  in  conjunction  with  certain 
words,  e.g.  nansor  skye-ba  to  be  bom  in 
an  inferior  place  Mil.;  v.  also  rdh-so^  sdr- 

,j  bhag-pa,  Jirul-so. 

III.  sbst.  joy  (?),  BO  bsod-pa  id.  Cs.  and 
Lex.;  cf.  iid-so. 

lY.  sbst.,  also  bsoy  look-out,  guard,  spying, 
so  byid-pa  to  spy,  to  look  out;  sd-Hun  peep- 
hole; sd-pa  keeper,  guard,  watchman,  spy, 
emissary,  zas  nor  bdud-kyi  sd-pa  yin  money 
and  dainties  are  the  devil's  emissaries  Mil.; 
md'bso  a  guard  or  watch  kept  by  several 
persons  round  afire;  so-sgra  1.  watchword, 
=  sgar^min.    2.  v.  comp. 

V.  grammatical  termination:  *tM'SO* 
provinc.  for  rUn-no  C,  also  Gtr. 

VI.  num.  for  sumrbu  in  the  abbreviated 
•     numbers  31  —39. 

VII.  num.:  148. 

Comp.  so-^m'asaw. —  sd-s^rra  the  whist- 
ling through  the  teeth,  in  the  magic  per- 
formances of  the  Bonpo,  so'sgra  jd^bs-pa 
Glr.  —  so-cdg  a  broken  tooth.  —  so-drdg 
tartar?  Med.  —  so-bud  a  tooth  that  has  come 
out.  —  so-mdn  comb.  —  so-zd  a  small  white 
spot  on  a  tooth,  cf.  s^-^o.  —  so-zid  tooth- 
brush. —  so-Un  toothpick.  —  sO'Srub  gap  in 
the  teeth  Sch. 

?r^'  sd^a  =  sdS'ka. 

?s'(5'  sd'ifa  n.  of  an  emetic  Med. 

^OT/^-N  so-ndm^s)  agriculture,  husbandry, 
'  so-na?7M6i/^rf-j?a  to  till  the  ground, 

to  practise  agriculture,  farming,  sgrub-pa^ 
Jbdd-pa  \A.^  so-ndm-pa  Cs.  husbandman, 
farmer. 

?r^'  sd'pa  V.  so  IV. 


^ 


?f  ?f  80-86 


'^Zr^'  B^^a-ri  Cs.  a  kind  of  berry,  bene- 
ficial to  the  teeth. 
^TOTl'  ^o-pdg  brick,  tile;  also  collective 

'  noun,  brickwork,  tiling. 
^n*  «<^-iacoarse,  thick-shelled  barley,  used 

for  fodder. 

^3'  ^o-bya  an  aquatic  bird  S.g, 

^jt-  sd-ma  1.  sbst  Ssk.  (prop,  a  climbing 
plant  the  juice  of  which  was  offered 
in  libations  to  the  gods  and  was  also  wor- 
shipped itself,  on  account  of  its  intoxicating 
qualities,  hence) :  hemp,  also  ytsd-ma^  btso- 
ma;  so-ma-rd-dza  id.,  so-ma-rd-dzai  ras 
hemp-linen  Schr.^  so  -  ma^rd  -  dzai  fdg-pa 
hempen  rope  Pth.  —  2.  adj.  new,  fresh,  esp. 
W.  *8d'me  ndh-na  zer  gos*  this  ought  to 
have  been  mentioned  directly  (when  it  was 
still  fresh  in  every  body's  memory). 

?fd^,   ?f^^  *^-  (^'  80-^s  house. 
'      keeping,  management  of 
domestic  concerns,  husbandry,  cf.  so -nam 
agriculture. 

^OPT  ^o-i^  Ices  of  liquors,  yeast  of  beer 
Sch. 

?f  f^'  80-log  high-road,  causeway  W. 

^^  «o-sd  distinct,  separate,  singly,  indi- 
vidually, zas  so-sdi  Idg-iu  ^dns-so  the 
victuals  came  into  the  hands  of  the  indi- 
vidual persons  Dzl.;  so-s6-nas  adv.  frq.:  so- 
sd-nas  snod  bzM-de  *singalatim',  each  for 
himself,  holding  forth  Bis  vessel  Dzl ;  va- 
rious e.g.  *na  so-sd*  W.  for  sna-^ogs  of  B.; 
diverse,  different  sdm-pa  so-sd  different  opi- 
nions, a  dissension;  separate,  distinct,  so- 
sd  byid'pa^  W.  *so-sd  dd-ie*  to  separate, 
disjoin,  divide,  so-sdr  bidg-pa^  W,*so-s6 bdr- 
h^  to  set,  put,  lay  apart.  —  so-soi  skye-bOy 
TOTQTif,  prop,  one  separated  (from  the 
saints),  one  outside  the  pale,  a  man  of  the 
lower  classes,  of  low  caste;  withBuddhists: 
a  layman,  and  as  to  his  spiritusJ  condition: 
a  man  in  his  natural  state,  one  not  yet  en- 
lightened (Hke  ipvxtxng  I  Cor.  2, 14,  though 
on  account  of  its  derivation,  the  above  term 
cannot  well  be  used  for*^the  Greek  word); 
also  the  lower  classes  of  clerical  persons, 
monks.  —  5o-8d(y)-far-pa,  so-foTy  irfTntW? 


?f?f<$*  so-so-M 


^ 


^^CT  s6n-pa 


579 


•i 

I 

.  II 


liberation,  deliverance,  so-sd-far-pai  ^tndo 
the  book  of  deliverance,  code  of  the  moral 
law,  containing  about  250  precepts  for  the 
priesthood,  the  monastic  rules  of  the  Bud- 
dhists. 

?f$fS'  sa-50-?a  a  medicinal  herb,  an  emetic 
Wdn, 

?Fr  sog  1.  V.  sob.  —  2.  for  *«ro^*  U. 


Xprrcr  ^^9'V^  !•  s^s**  ?  ^so  s6gs-pa,  shoul- 

'  der-blade,  scapula,  sdg-pai  mi-loh 
the  flat  part  of  it,  sog-yu  the  narrow  extre- 
mity of  it;  sog-md  ^d^bs-pa  (v.  two  III.)  to 
divine  from  the  shoulder-blade;  sog-lhu 
shoulder  as  a  piece  of  meat  for  boiling  (I 
Sam.  9,  24).  —  2.  vb.  (also :  ysdg-pa,  bsdg- 
pa^  sdgs-pd)  pf.  (b)agsy  fut.  bsag^  imp.  sogs, 
bsag,  W.  *sdg'ce*y  to  gather,  heap  up,  hoard 
up,  prcd  sog-Jog-rndd-pa  without  having 
collected  and  deposited  the  daily  requisites, 
the  things  wanted  every  day  MiLy  bsdd- 
nams  sdg-^a  MU.^  tsogs  sdg-pa  frq.  to  col- 
lect, to  hoard  up  merits  of  virtue,  las-ndn 
sdg-pa  to  heap  up  sins;  ysog-lddn  morbid 
matter  consisting  in  too  great  an  accumu- 
lation of  humours,  nif.,  Med,;  dmdg-gi 
dptrn  sdg-pa  to  collect  an  army  DzL;  to 
assemble,  children  Glr, ;  hence  *sag(sf  W. 
all  (of  them),  *lug  sag  tsam*  how  many 
sheep  are  there  in  all? 
Srar^f  ^<^9'P0  s  Mongol  Glr.^  sdg-mo  a  Mon- 

'       gol  womafl,  sog-'prUg  Mongol  child, 
Mongol  boy,  80gr-J&f«  Mongol  dress  or  fashion 
of  dress,  sog-rta  Mongol  horse,  ju.^^, 
^;^^*  sdg-ma  blade,  stalk;  straw;  sog-Jbru 

'  Sch,  green  com  that  begins  to  sprout; 
sog-fsigs  a  knot  on  a  stalk  6s.;  sog-sbiir  a 
small  blade  of  straw,  chaflf-ftA.;  sdg^maijbii- 
la  a  shoe  of  straw;  sog-ru^  sog-rkm^  sog- 
Idum  stubbles. 
^^Oj^  ^(^g-le  B,,  a,  *badrs6g,  gyasdg*  W. 

'       a  saw,  sdg-les  yiddrpa  B.  to  saw  to 
pieces,  ^gya-sog  hrid-ce*  W,  to  saw;  sog-le- 
Ha  the  toothed  edge  of  a  saw,  also  botanical 
term.:  serrate,  serrated  (of  leaves)  Wdn. 
^xmr  sogs  and  so  forth,  and  the  like,  mostly 

'      preceded  by  la:  mi^la  sdqs^ai  srog- 
idas  homo  et  cetera  animantia^  prop,  the  be- 


ings  in  addition  to  man;  ba-ddn-la  sogs- 
pas  brgydn  -  te  decorated  with  little  flags 
and  the  like;  less  frq.:  la  sogs-te^  inst.  of 
which  always  la-sdgs-pa  or pai  maybe  used; 
often  sogs  alone,  also  in  prose;  after  (la) 
s6gs(-pa)  usually  a  conuna  is  to  be  supplied, 
and  the  words  following  are  to  be  consider- 
ed as  an  apposition :  yi-ge  rtsis-la  sdgs-pa 
rig-pat  ynas  Ina  writing,  arithmetic  and  so 
on,  the  five  sciences ;  hence  often  applicable, 
when  a  comprehensive  noun  appellative 
does  not  exist:  ysersogs  gold  and  the  other, 
viz.  metals,  Ghr.;  tsa  sogs  ysum  the  three 
fea-sounds,  fea,  ^a  and  dza  Gram, 

Note.  In  course  of  time  the  original 
grammatical  sense  seems  to  have  been  for- 
gotten, in  as  much  as  la  is  now  read  to- 
gether with  sdgs-paj  and  often  ^Iso  the  dot 
separating  the  syllables  is  omitted. 
JJt'  son  perf.  and  imp.  of  ^grd-ba  to  go,  1. 
I  went,  I  have  (thou  hast  etc.)  gone,  v. 
^ro'ba  1  and  2,  e.g.  cfer  son  ydd-pas  when 
he  had  gone  thither  PiJi,^  son-sdn-ba-las 
going  on  continually,  DzL,  continuing  to 
do  a  thing  DzL ;  sdn-ba  yin  it  is  gone,  it  is 
no  longer  extant  MiL ;  dbdn-du  son  (he  or 
it), came  into  the  power  of.. .  /S.^.;  da  sdig^ 
pa-la  sdn-na  Thgy.  if  we  now  go  on  to  (the 
topic  of  sins)  W.:  ^da-run  na  ma  son*  it  is 
not  yet  past  five  o'clock;  *H-ne  sdn-pd  'a 
tsug-pa*  from  here  (adverbially,  like  bzuns- 
te)  to  that  place  Ld.;  imp.:  *di-ru  ma  dugi 
son!*  do  not  stand  here!  walk  on!  —  2.  be- 
came, turned  etc.  fcyi-mo  zig-iu  son  she  be- 
came a  bitch,  was  changed  into  a  bitch  il/t'Z., 
dkdr-por  son  it  turned  white  Glr,^  *don  vdg- 
po  son*  W.  his  face  grew  dark;  ^bi-gdn 
son*  W.  a  hole  has  been  made,  it  got  a  hole; 
*gydl'Se  Ka-dud  sdn-ne*  as  she  got  a  taste 
for  the  town  W, ;  *nod  <hi  gari  son*  tbe  vessel 
was  already  full  of  water  (when  I  came) 
W.  —  *sow-fJ*  W,  account  of  expenses, 
^•q-  sdd'pa  1.  C.  to  wake,  rouse.  —  2. 

'       sometimes  for  ysdd^pa, 
Jlx-  son  rarely  for  son ;  frq.  only  in  ndr-son- 

'  pa,  V.  na. 
5j^-^-  s&n-pa  1.  V.  son,  —  2.  v.  ysdn-^a, 

'       ysdn-po. 

37* 


580 


^Iq*  sob 


^ 


^q-  sob  1.  also  sog,  ysob,  ysog^  null,  void, 
vain,  empty,  bad  in  its  quality,  not  dur- 
able. —  2.  also  ysob  something  stuffed  (as  a 
chair),  ndn-sob^  Kdn-sob^  Udg-sob  Wdn.  prob. 
id. ;  sob-Stan  cushion,  bolster,  mattress,  pa^a- 
sdb  the  stufPed  skin  of  an  animal^  seii^-ffei) 
sob  the  stuflPed  skin  of  a  lion  Pth. 
Jjxj*  som  1.  also  ysorfi^  s&m^n  fir-tree,  pine- 
tree.  —  2.  also  soms^  imp.  of  sSm-pa, 
^1x'  9or  1.  also /sor,  gimlet,  rus-pa  Jbugs- 
pai  sor  S.g,  prob.  a  sort  of  trephine.  — 
2.  V.  sdr-mo. —  3.  v.  sar,  sor  biag-pa  to  put 
in  its  place  {Sch.  also:  'quite  the  same'?); 
rdn-sor  v.  rah  compounds.  —  4.  (cognate 
to  sd-maf)  sor  cud -pa  {Sch.  ^vd-pa)  to 
restore,  renew,  e.g.  exhausted  strength  DzL^ 
the  doctrine  of  Buddha  Pth.--  5.  term,  of  «o. 
jrj^,-^  sdr-mOy  resp.  pyag^s&r  Mil.y  iabs- 
sdry  1.  finger,  toe;  sor-z'dtii  finger- 
ring,  sor-fsigs  the  joint  of  a  finger.  —  2. 
inch,  sor-bii-pa  four-inched. 
JJQrq-  sol-ba  COal,  esp.  charcoal,  =  sol-nag; 
sdl-bai  me  coal-fire  Lt ;  ^soUmS^  W. 
live  coal,  burning  coal. 
^(jor^  sdUpo  resp.  friendly,  land,  affable  C, 

W. 
Jjir  SOS  1.  inst.  of  so,  sos  btdb-pa  to  bite, 
Sch.  also  to  backbite,  to  calumniate.  — 
2.  V.  ysd-ba  and  Jsd-ba. 
'^^rw  ^qr  s^«-*«,  sd-ga,  1.  in  Tibet: 
' '  '  spring,  =  dpyid^  MU.  —  2. 
in  India:  the  hot  season,  from  about  the 
middle  of  April  till  the  middle  of  June. 

?|^^ai'  sOS'ddl  or  sos-bsdal  Sch.:  slow. 

SJirSx'  sos-zin  disease  of  the  membrum 
'  virile,  in  five  forms  (prob.  differ- 
ent stages  of  gonorrhea)  Mhg. 
•rq-  srd'ba  1.  adj.,  also  srd-bo  and  srd-mo 
"^  C«.,  col.  *srdn'te*  (cf.  srdn-pa),  hard, 
solid,  compact,  firm,  and  abstract  noun :  so- 
lidity, hardness,  compactness,  of  wood,  meat 
etc.,  and  often  fig. :  ylu-srdn  a  bow  diffi- 
cult to  be  heni S.g, ^rgas-srd hearty  vigorous 
old  age  S.g.\  mfson  Kar  sra  proof  against 
cut  and  thrust,  also :  proof  against  malicious 
words  Mil.  —  sra-brkyah,  g>r^<t|4fl<,  the 


5J^5r  srdn-ma 

coarse  blanket  of  a  monk«  —  sar-rtsi  varnish. 

—  2.  vb.  W.,  to  empty. 

^;fr'  srah  I.  (cf.  srdh-ba)  1.  pair  of  scales, 
'^  balance  B.^  sran-la  ^d^s-pa  Cs.^  yldl- 
ba^  fsdd'pa  Sch.^  srdn-ba  Sp.  to  weigh,  to 
balance.  —  2.  steel-yard,  ^srah  tdg-b^  U) 
hold  the  steel-yard,  in  weighing.  —  3.  weight, 
in  a  general  sense,  bre-srdn  weight  and 
measure,  rgya-sTdh  Chinese  weights  Cs.  — 
4.  an  ounce,  sran  gdh  one  ounce ,  sran  do 
two  ounces,  sman  srdh  5?,  two  pounds  of 
medicine,  the  daily  quantity  taken  by  Bud- 
dha when  he  had  caught  cold  Dzl.  >C;?,3.— 
«rd;i-?a  Sch.  balance  and  what  belongs  to 
it.  —  srah-mda  scale-beam  or  lever  of  a 
pair  of  scales  Sch.  —  sran-p&r  scale.  — 
srah-^dd  Cs.  weight.  —  srdn-ba  vb.  v.  above. 
n.  street,  lam^srdn  id.;  sran-t/dr  Sck: 
tortuous  path,  labyrinth  (?).  —  rgya-srdh 
street,  lane  Glr. ;  rgyvrsrdh  the  road  which 
a  person  habitually  walks. 
?J(3rg'  srdn-bu  thread,  yam,  ^^dWa,  sgriUa. 

5J^'^  srdd-ma  v.  srdnrma. 

-.-•«•  srdn-pa  (ct.srd-ba)  Cs.:  ^tiaUbsran^ 
'^  '  imp.  sron,W.  *hrdn^be*  to  suffer,  bear 
(with  patience),  endure,  to  be  hardened  TT. 
frq.,  ^hrdnr-fvih-Uan  or  hrdn-feg-Ran*  one  that 
can  endure  much;  *]iyod  hran  gos*  Ld.  you 
must  hold  out,  you  must  stand  it;  in  B. 
sran  ^dzugs-pa  is  used  in  the  same  sense; 
^Kydg-hranrban*  hardened,  accustomed  to 
frost,  *dug~^an^ian*  inured  to  hardships 
W.  —  *hrdn-te^  col.  frq.  adj.:  \.  =^-  srd-ia 
(opp.  to  Ihdd-po  and  Jbdl-mo)  hard,  firm, 
durable,  rigid,  strict  2.  fig.  hard,  severe,  bitter. 

—  sdttg-srdn  hardiness  Mil.;  sran-ii^  = 
srdn-fub-mKan.  Cs.:  srdn-pa  sbst  hard- 
ship, severe  distress  or  toil,  srdn-par  toil- 
somely, rigorously,  srdn-pa'-po  one  that 
hardens  himself  (?). 

5J(5*sr  SI^'ST  *^^^*"^^j  srddr^ma  1.  pease, 
^  '  '  ^  »  beans,  lentils,  Cs.  mentions 
also  srad-dhdr^srad-ndg  and  srad-sndn^  also 
mHal'Srdny  in  W.j  however,  we  only  met 
with  the  common  field  pea  and  some  dry 
imported  Indian  sorts  of  it  (^mon^srdn); 
rgyasrdn  (Cs.  mon-srdn)  was  the  name  the 


5JT  9rah 


^ 


§^'  srid 


581 


natives  were  inclined  to  give  to  our  Euro- 
pean bean.  —  sran-pun  a  heap  of  pease, 
sran-pub  pease-straw,  srcm-pyi  flour  of 
pease,  sran^rn^  blossom  of  pease.  —  2.  grain, 
like  rddg-po^  e.g.  of  Indian  com;  even  Ibags- 
kyi  sran-cun  Wdn,  grains  of  shot(?). 
•!«•  srcA  bridle,  rtai;  srab  sga  stan  fsdn-po 
^  a  complete  riding-gear;  *h*(zb  cug-be* 
W.  to  bridle,  to  bit  (a  horse),  *^a6  gyur-le"^ 
to  govern,  to  rein  (a  horse)  sfi^ab-skydgs  Cs. 
the  reins,  —  arab-liags  Cs.  the  bit  —  srab- 
mf&r  Sch.  the  halter.  —  srab-mda  Stg.^  Ltd.: 
*h*am-d4?  reins. 

^n'H'  9rdb^aB,,*srdb'mo*WAhinj\enieTy 
'^  line,  e.g.  skin  DzLj  cloth,  leather, 
paper,  clouds;  shallow, loose,not  close; sroi- 
mfil  Sch.  inner  sole,  welt;  srab-mfug  thick- 
ness, dimension. 

5f^§^  ^ob'^^  Cs'  dark,  obscure. 

^;gn-  9ramy  -^^  1.  otter,  the  flesh  of  which 
*^  is  considered  very  nourishing,  the  liver 
is  used  as  a  remedy  for  strangury  &g,^  but 
encountering  this  animal  is  regarded  as  an 
evil  omen  &,g.\  ^sram  id.?  (Cs.  beaver?) 
nydsram  Mil.y  either  the  same,  or:  fishes 
and  otters;  brag^srdm  rock-otter?  sable? 
^ka-hrirhram^  W.  prob.  sable;  it  is  nearly 
black  and  stated  to  live  near  Yarkand,  in 
the  mountains  as  well  as  in  the  flat  country. 
The  ear- coverings  worn  by  the  ladies  of 
Ladak  are  made  of  the  fiir  of  this  animal 
—  2.  otter-skin,  sable-skin. 

^^'  »rar  adv.  Sch:  severely,  rigorously. 

^^xgf:  sras^-po)  re^p.  for  6w,  son,  child, 
*^  dpon-srdsy  rgyal-srds  son  of  the 

sovereign,  a  prince ;  rgyalsrds  also :  son  of 
Buddha,  a  Buddha;  lha(i)  sras^-po)  1.  son 
of  a  god  DzL  2.  a  prince;  fuga-sras  spiritual 
son  or  daughter  Mil.;  in  this  sense  sras  may 
be  applied  to  females:  sam-rgyds-hyi  sras 
ddg-pao  she  has  become  a  spotless  child  of 
Buddha  DzL  —  srds-bu  =  sras,  —  srds-mo 
daughter,  young  lady,  princess.  —  sras-fsdb 
Cs.  adopted  child. 

^  8W  1.  a  species  of  devil  or  demon,  de- 
^   vouring  esp.  children,  a  vampire,  also 


^ri-ndn  Schl.^  ^n-sriGlr.jpun-sri  Mil.  a  devil 
bringing  misfortune;  they  are  supposed  to 
live  in  underground  places,  and  are  there- 
fore also  called  mds-kyi  »n;  sri  Ian  a  devil 
rises  from  below;  sri  ndn^a  B.^  *ndn-b^ 
W.  to  lay,  suppress  a  devil, 
^q-  sri-ia  I.  pf.  6«m,  fut  6sn,  1.  to  retain, 
*^  eg.  hhdn-bay  ybin  constipation,  stran- 
gury. —  2.  to  be  parsimonious,  niggardly,  esp. 
with  nor;  sba'Sri-mSd-par  yndn-ba  Mil.  to 
give  unsparingly,  to  bestow  very  liberally; 
^hi'heS'Kan*  W.  parsimonious. 

II.  W.  to  wind,  to  wrap  round,  for  dkn-ba. 
^/a-  sri-hi^  less  frq.  srid-iu,  respect,  rever- 
"^  -4  ence,  deference,  sri-hi-pa^  sri-hu-mKan 
one  paying  his  regards,  his  respects,  show- 
ing deference. 

^w •— .  srih-ba  pf.  bsrinSy  fus.  bsrin  1.  (cog- 
^  nate  to  rin-ba)  to  extend,  stretch, 
stretch  out,  the  arm,  to  hand,  reach,  *de  dul 
son^  nd-ta  hrin  ton*  it  has  fallen  down,  hand 
it  to  me  W,;  to  fling  far  away  C.  —  2.  to 
postpone,  put  off,  JH-hai  fse  Glr.  the  term  of 
death;  to  prolong,  ^e  life  S.g.;  to  wait,  to 
tarry,  ^^d-fsig  Mn*  Lh.  wait  a  little,  *dag- 
sa  yoh-na  fsa-big  hrin-te  yon?*  shall  (I,  you, 
he  etc.)  come  directly  or  after  a  while?  Ld.; 
*nam  dir  hrin-ce  ?a  dugf*  how  long  shall 
you  stay  here?  W.  —  3.  to  send  (skur-ba 
Lex.')  priUy  yo-bydd  Sch.  —  4.  sky^d-srin-ba 
to  bring  up,  train  up,  to  rear  Glr. 
?t'?f  ^^^'"'^^  sister  (of  a  male  person,  cf. 
*^  min-po)  bvr-srin,  min-srin^  resp .  Ibam-^ 

srin  brother  and  sister,  cousins, 
^ff.  srid  1.  length,  extension,  ptcg  srid-du 
'^  '  lirU'bcO'brgyddrpa  a  cavern  18  cubits 
long  Tar.\  more  frq.  with  regard  to  time: 
Jii  or  de-srid^-kyi  bar^-du  (for)  so  long  (a 
time),  H'Srid'du^  also  H-srid-de^  how  long 
(a  time)?  also:  as  long  as;  when  followed 
by  yan\  be  it  ever  so  long  (in  this  case  )i 
would  be  more  correct);  also  sridrpar^  or 
srid  alone,  for  sHdndu.  —  2.  dominion,  gov- 
ernment, snd-la  ma  JSdm-pas  falling  out 
with  one  another  about  the  government  G/n, 
esp.  rgyal-sridy  dban-srid  id.;  srid  byM-pa 
to  reign,  to  govern,  srid  Jsd-ba  id.  Dzl.\ 
Jli  ynyis-kyi  srid  gan  ydd-mams  prog  he 


582 


^^'q*  sridrpa 


^ 


seized  upon  their  territorial  shares  Glr,;  bla- 
srid  Cs.  a  Lama's  dominion.  —  sde-srid 
province;  'Sos-srid  clerical  goverument,  ec- 
clesiastical dominion. — 3.  ruler,  commander, 
regent,  reigning  prince;  so  also  in  tbe  com- 
pounds just  mentioned. 
^r'CT  sr/c?-pa  I.  vb.,  l.to  be,  to  exist(?).  — 
'^  '  2.  to  be  possible,  often  preceded  by 
yan;  skyi-ba  dan^ig-pa  kun4a  srid-na  since 
springing  up  and  passing  away  is  the  lot  of 
all  men  DzL;  pan -pa  iig  srid  healing  is 
possible  Pth,;  ^di-las  da  yan  srid  it  might 
be  easier  (for  me)  then  than  now  Dzlr^  de- 
hiin-du  bden  srid  snydm-nas  thinking  this 
might  possibly  be  true;  the  verb  is  usually 
put  in  the  infinitive  mood  terminating  in 
pa:  de  yin-pa-an  srid  after  all  it  might  be 
this  man,  it  might  be  he  MiL;  ^dir  ^dh-ba 
rm  srid-do^  bdd-du  bros-pa  srid  he  will 
scarcely  comeback,  he  will  have  escaped  to 
Tibet  Glr.;  sometimes  with  the  root  of  the 
verb:  yon  mi  srid  Mil.;  bdag  far  kyan  srid- 
kyis  as  it  is  a  possible  case,  that  we  might 
be  released  DzL ;  ma  srid  big  about  tbe  same 
as:  God  forbid!  by  no  means!  In  W.  nearly 
=  to  be  obliged:  "Hyer-wa-la  hrid*  now  it 
will  be  my  lot,  now  I  shall  be  obliged,  to 
carry  (twice  as  mach)^  ^md-be-la  hid^  (JB,: 
bob  or  fiig)  he  deserves  death,  he  must  die. 
II.  sbst.  ^^  1.  existence,  state  of  being, 
life,  sridrpa  yzan  nydms-su  myon-ba  to  ex- 
perience, to  pass  through,  other  periods  of 
existence  Wdn,^  sindpyi-ma  Sch,:  the  future 
period  of  life,  of  existence.  —  2.  things 
existing,  the  world,  srid^-pa)  ysum  the  three 
worlds,  srid-pai  JH&r-lo  Cs.:  the  revolving 
system  (the  world's  cycle);  srid-pai  mtso 
the  ocean  of  existence,  srid-pai  (hc-kltin  Z4n- 
po  the  stream  of  existence  MiL;  also  a  single 
being,  commonly  however  srid-pa-pa;  bdr- 
doi  srid-pa^  bdr-srid-pa  Thgy,,  bdr-ma-dm 
srid-pa-pa  Stg.  the  beings  in  the  Bardo,  v. 
bdr-do.  —  The  meaning  of  srid  in  srid-pai 
bar-doy  and  in  some  other  expressions,  have 
yet  to  be  determined.  —  3.  symb.  num. :  14. 

§5^^'  srin-klddScL:  a  sort  of  flint-stone. 


^JC^'q*  srHn-ba 

^j'giF'  srin-gldn  LtJ  W.  ^srin-^ldn-ban* 
^^^  having  the  staggers  (of  horses); 
being  mad.  ^v<  *s  -*^  :  v^ 

^<3r2f  ^^'POf  Ssk.  JJ^;^,  fem.  srin-mo^ 
'  demons,  figuring  in  Indian  and  Ti- 
betan mythology.  They  are  supposed  to  be, 
for  the  most  part,  of  an  enormous  size,  ge- 
nerally hostile  to  mankind,  going  about  at 
night,  to  ensnare  and  even  to  devour  human 
beings.  Their  chief  abode  was  Ceylon,  and 
also  Tibet  was  originally  inhabited  by  them. 
The  Tibetans  are  even  said  to  be  the  de- 
scendants of  an  ape  (sent  by,  or  emanated 
from,  AvfiJokiteshvara)  and  of  a  Tibetan 
Srinmo.  brdg-srin  rock-Srinpo  or  Srinmo; 
jdre-srin  goblins  and  Srinpos;  Jfe-«nn  v. 
the  following  article. 

^x-fl-  9rin-buy  =  Jbuy  insect,  worm,  vermin; 
'^  '  ^  srinrbu  pdd-^ma  (srin-^a  Sik,)  leech, 
srin-bu  me-Jiy^  glow-WOrm;  rgyusrin^  Kon- 
srin  intestinal  worm;  pyi-srin  vermin  living 
on  the  skin  Lt.;  ddr-srin  siik-worm;  srin- 
bdl  ace.  to  Wdn.  =  rds-bdl  cotton,  ScA., 
Schr.:  flock-silk;  raw  silk;  srin-byd  nocturnal 
bird,  owl  etc.  Lt;  srin-fdr  small  ulcer  or 
tumour;  srin-^n  Med,,  Sch.:  mulberry-tree; 
^-srin  a  monster  living  in  the  water. 

^^opj'  srin-ldg  the  ring-finger. 

^q/5|)'  «^(«)  1.  darkness,  gloom,  night  — 
^  ^  ^  2.  shady  side,  north  side  of  a  moun- 
tain. —  srib-pa  vb.,  to  grow  dark  or  dusky, 
C:  *sa  Mb  son*  night  has  begun. 

§(^'<3p|'«ntt-7%  mulberry-tree. 

^ar  sril  Sch.  silk-worm. 

;^-  sru  Glr.^  sru-mo  Lea.  and  C.  mother's 
•^  sister,  aunt  ^-^  T-r*^»Jvv^  /.  ^*H  ^v^t^uu.  ^^ ' 
^mrcy  srug-pa,  W.  for  sprig -pa^  srtib-pa 
^  '  and  dkrug-pa:  1.  to  shake,  to  shake 
out  —  2.  to  stir,  stir  up,  twiri.  —  3.  to  shake, 
to  make  to  totter. 

^^jr 'n*  s^w-6a  I.  vb.,  pf.  (6)«ru«s,  fut  bsnm^ 
•^  imp.  (b)srun(s\  Ssk.  '?^,  1.  tO  watch, 

to  keep  guard  intrs.;  but  gen.  trans.,  i.e.  to 
watch,  to  keep,  to  guard,  to  keep  in  custody, 
the  house  DzL;  to  save  from,  to  pro- 


^^^  sri^ip-pa 


^ 


^'^'  sri-ba 


583 


tect,  to  Shetter,  e.g.  luSy  the  body^  but  also : 
to  keep  unpolluted,  pure,  chaste;  bdag  srun- 
ha  to  guard  one's  self,  in  a  special  sense: 
to  Uve  as  a  bdag-srun^  as  a  hermit  DzL; 
to  preserve,  hdctg  ynddrpa  fams-bad-las  sruns 
Hg  may  I  be  preserved  from  every  harm ! 
Do.;  with  la:  bddg-la  srun-du  ysol  I  pray  to 
preserve,  to  protect  me  Do.  —  2.  to  beware 
of,  to  guard  against,  lu8  dan  ndg-gi  nyis-pa 
Dzl.^  =  Im  dan  nag  nrim-ba  (v.  above  no.  1) 
Dzl.  —  3.  to  keep,  to  observe  faithfully,  a 
promise,  laws;  bkd - srun  -  mUan  obedient, 
faithful,  trustworthy.  —  4.  to  hinder,  forbid, 
prohibit,  rigs-kyiSy  bddg-poSy  ids-kyis  srun 
it  is  forbidden,  it  is  prohibited,  by  the  degree 
of  kindred,  by  the  husband,  by  religion  in 
general  Thgg.;  to  prevent,  to  be  a  preser- 
vative or  preventive  S.g.  —  5.  to  wait,  «=  srin- 
ba^  e.g.  ^iag  ny'i*  for  two  days  W. 

II.  sbst  1.  the  keeping,  guarding,  the  heed, 
guard.  -^  2.  the  person  or  the  thing  keeping, 
guarding;  esp.  amulet,  preventive,  preser- 
vative,  btdgs-pa  to  suspend  (an  amulet,  to 
the  neck  or  other  part  of  the  body). 

Comp.  and  deriv.  srun-skudy  -Jidr  or 
-mdud  an  amulet  consisting  of  threads.  — 
srun-mUan  keeper,  guardian,  watchman, '^an- 
te hiin  -  Afaw*  W.  (night-)  watchman;  sHin- 
pa  B.  =  BHtn-mlcan^  bza-^in-^a-ba  srun-^a 
keeper  of  a  fruit-garden  DzL;  sruh-^o  Cs. 
=  srun-mllan]  Sfiin-ma  B,  id.,  dmyal-bai 
sruh-ma  guardian  of  the  infernal  regions 
frq.  Dzl.;  ^ds'skyon-bai  sr^n-ma  farm-bad 
all  the  tutelar  gods  of  religion  Mil.;  collect- 
ively: body  of  watchmen,  Iha-mams-kyi 
srun^ma  ddn-po  the  first  corps  of  watchmen 
of  the  gods,  the  Naga;  rgydlrpoi  sruh-mai 
,  "mi  the  men  of  the  king's  body-guard  Stg. 
— srun-sems  the  taking  heed,  being  cautious. 

«5rcr  ^?^^^'  sni«-pa,  bdrim-pa,  calm, 
d  '  '  <3^  soft,  mild,  and:  mildness, 
gentleness,  meekness;  srun^  adj.  «=  st^n- 
pa^  esp.  of  horses:  quiet,  tame;  ^in-tu  mi- 
bsrHn-iin  very  malicious,  malignant,  of  de- 
mons Mil. 

5J^  ^rub  V.  irm. 

No 


;^q-q'  srub^ay  pf .  imp.  (b^srubs^  fut.  bsrub^ 
^  1.  to  stir,  stir  up,  stir  about,  zo  srub- 
pa  to  chum,  to  make  butter.  —  2.  to  rum- 
mage, to  rake  up,  to  stir,  to  turn  over.  — 
3.  to  rub,  two  pieces  of  wood  agaiust  each 
other  Wdn.  —  *8rub  -  Hn*  C.  1 .  twirling- 
stick.  2.  mischiefmaker,  disturber  of  the 
peace. 

^n^  sre^&s  1.  a  cleft,  slit,  gap,  fissure,  brag- 
>o  snii^chasm  or  cleft  in  arock,  smaller 
than  sd^r-ka  Mil.;  intermediate  space,  interval, 
interstice;  rent  in  a  dress;  disunion,  sepa- 
ration; wound  Lt;  srubs  J}ye  Lty  »rubs  Jor 
Sch.  a  severing,  a  wound  has  been  made; 
si'ubs  ytor-ba  to  rend  asunder,  to  tear  Sch. 
^fsem-^Hib  dol-te*  W.  to  rip,  to  cut  open  a 
seam.  —  2.  seam?  —  3.  W.  col.  for  arm. 
•tjq-  9ru7n  resp.  for  meat,  flesh  of  animals 
•^  used  as  food,  srum-Jcog  an  animal 
slaughtered  and  cut  up,  for  a  person  of 
quality. 

^OJ'^  m/^-po  1.  evil  demon,  malignant  spirit 
No  Mil. ;  luss^nil-po  Lea.  sorcerer.  —  2. 
putrid,  rotten  Cs. 

sjorn'  ^^^^^  pf«  ^^^  f^t-  bsinU,  I.  to  be 
^  corrupted,  decomposed,  of  the  hu- 
mours of  the  body  Wdn. 

n.  W.  *hriiUbe^  =irtig'Ce*  1.  to  stir,  *%- 
pa*  the  soup,  to  mix  and  stir,  *iu4a  pe* 
flour  with  water.  —  2.  to  shove,  to  move,  to 
and  fro,  *pdg-te  hruUbe*  to  plane,  *dad-^6g 
hnil'^e*  to  saw.  —  3.  *fa  hrul-be*  to  put  a 
horse  to  a  gallop? 

;^«r  ^rus-i  W.  also  "^n^t*,  unripe  ears  of 
<3  wheat  etc.  *»rub  nyi-be*  W.  to  rub 
them  between  the  hands;  the  grains,  thus 
being  shelled,  are  considered  a  rural  dainty; 
Jbrds-kyi  srus  a  shelled  grain  of  rice, 
-.•••g*  srus-pa  Sch.  to  thicken,  to  become 
-^  more  consistent,  by  evaporation,  by 

boiling. 

^c'  9rd'da  Wdn.,  sred  S.g.^  a  species  of 
^^  com(?). 
^5pr  sre-ndg  Lex.  SOOt;  W.  *sre-mdg*. 

^i^'  srd'ba  I.  sbst.  a  certain  shrub  Cs. 


584 


^•^ 


^ 


9Te-mog 


^ 


»rog 


II.  vb.,  pf.  bsres^  fut  6sr«,  imp.  (b)sres^ 
trans,  to  ^dri-ba  1.  to  mix  with,  to  mingle, 
to  admix,  mdr-la  sr^ba  to  mix  with  butter 
L^.,  ?a»  (Jm  sr^-Ja  to  mix  beer  with  water 
Med.;  dreu  sri-ba  to  breed  mules;  bsr^-pa 
mixed  up,  confused,  of  a  narration  Tar,] 
fig.  Ka  or  lu8  sri-ba  to  communicate  with 
another,  i.e.  to  live,  to  eat,  drink,  smoke 
with  a  person  Do.;  skyid  sduff  sri-ba  to 
share  pleasure  and  pain,  joy  and  sorrow 
GZn;  W.,  like  ''ii'he*^  to  exchange  for:  ""zan 
dan  hrog*  to  risk  one's  life  for  a  subsistence. 
—  2.  to  add;  to  add  up,  cast  up,  sum  up 
Wdk.y  ^nyl  dan  nyi  hre  ii*  2  and  2  make 
iW. 

^Sprr  sre-mdff  v.  sre-ndg. 

Ir*  sre-mdn  weasel,  prob.  «=  *la-Kyi'mo* 
W.;  sri-mo  Lea. 
^gjr-  sre-Un  1.  Sch.i  the  sinew  above  the 
*^  heel.  —  2  n.  of  a  medicine? 

xjqrq-  srig-pa  I.  sbst.  (W.  ^h^ag-pc^)  par- 
^  '      tridge. 

II.  vb.,  pf.  (b)sregsy  fut.  bsreg,  imp. 
(b)8reg(8)^  W,  *hrdg-be*  to  bum,  i.e.  1.  to 
consume,  to  destroy  by  or  with  fire  (mes,  mi- 
la)  e.g.  a  corpse,  ddg-mOy  or  W.  ^ndn-tarH^y 
altogether,  entirely,  dgra  an  enemy  (sc.  in 
effigy);  si^Vsr^^^ burnt-offering;  to  make  red- 
hot,  UagS'bsregs  red-hot  iron  Thgy.  —  2.  to 
roast,  fry,  bake,  on  a  spit  C,  or  in  a  pan, 
*mdr'la*  in  butter  ^F.;  *td-gtr  hrdg-ie*  to 
bake  bread  W,\  to  tan,  to  make  swarthy, 
nyi-majs  (to  be  tanned)  by  the  sun  Dzl.; 
bsreg-KanSch.shed  for  storing  up  fire-wood. 
«Jr*  «^^>  mi-srM  C.  =  mirrkydiiy  v.  rkyan- 

pa. 
^\  Bred  V.  sri'da. 

^^'SATSI'  *^^^'^^^^"^^  *  deity  of  the 
^  W  Bonpo  Mil. 

^-•q,  srM'pa  1.  vb.,  sbst.,  adj.  to  desire, 
'^  I  the  desire,  desirous,  zds-la  oi  food 
Lt.y  fca-fsai  rd-la  of  acid  or  hot  substances 
Med.y  rdl-mO'la  (liking)  music  Stg.;  yM- 
sred-pa  'iun-^ba  not  much  attached  to  his 
native  country;  Jig-rUn^-la)  srdd-pa  ava- 
rice, covetousness  M7.,  ^dod-sred-dan  cove- 
tous, greedy  jftA.,  MgB-sred-ban  lecherous, 


libidinous  POi. ;  srid-porlas  ydhs-m  grdl-ha 
quite  free  of  any  desire,  (so  is  Buddha); 
srid^o  Cs.  lover,  srid-ma  Cs.  sweet-heart. 

—  2.  symb.  num. :  8. 

^aj-  m^en  (?)  floor  W. 

^Jptw  srd'bay  p£  and  fut.  bsrel  Cs.,  W. 
'^  *^rdl  be*  to  bring  up,  to  rear,  to  nurse 
up,  to  train,  infants,  young  animals,  *kdl' 
Man*  nourisher,  fosterer,  nurse  etc. 

^^  sres  Ts.  =  H-gU  q.v. 

^  sroy  resp.  fygs-sra.  W.y  heat,  ardour,  pat- 
^  sion,  wrath,  anger,  *hro  yon*  anger  rises 
(in  a  person),  he  (etc.)  grows  angry,  *}ro 
baby  h'o  bud*  the  anger  abates;  *lfo-rwi- 
mo*  slow  to  wrath,  *«r(Wan*  furious,  raging, 
*h'o-fun*  hot,  ardent,  passionate. 
^q-  srd  -  bay  p£  (^b)sro8y  fut.  bsrOy  imp. 
"^  (b)sro(8%  to  warm,  to  make  warm  or 
hot  at  the  fire,  or  in  the  sun  Gfo*.,  Lf. ;  Jamr 
pai  drdd^kyu  bu  bsro  (a  mother)  foments 
her  child  with  a  gentle  warmth  Thgy. 
'krgj'  srd-ma  1.  egg  of  a  louse,  a  nit  C,  W.j 
^       hig-sro  jdu  nits  are  increasing  fast  &.g* 

—  2.  small  bubble  W.,  *cdn-la  srd-ma  EoP 
the  beer  foams,  froths  in  fermentation.  — 
3.  srd-ma  ndg-po,  srd-ma  sdn-ge  n.  of  a  me- 
dicinal herb  Med. 

^^  srd-lo  Med.y  Sednm  and  similar  plants. 
5^'  9rog  life,  srog  yhdd-pa  to  kill,  frq.; 
^  '  srog  Uu'pa^  oP^^'P^  '^^'9  ^P*  ^^^ 
done  by  demons;  srog  dan  ^prdl-ba  id.,  esp. 
to  execute,  to  put  to  death  Glr.y  srog  dan 
Jbrdl-ba  to  die;  srog  Jml-ba  Dzl.  ^i,  12 
Sch. :  to  sacrifice,  to  yield  up  one's  life,  but 
the  manuscript  of  Kyelang  has:  arog  dan 
Jbrdl-loy  and  M-bai  srog  kydd-la  Jml-h 
(Mil.)  means:  I  make  you  a  present  of  the 
stag's  life,  i.e.  I  spare  its  life  for  your  sake; 
srog  ^ddr-ba  to  sacrifice,  one's  life,  prop,  to 
cast  it  away  Dzl.\  srog-la  mi  Itd-ba  to  make 
light  of  one's  life  frq. ;  srog  dan  bsdd^a  to 
risk,  to  hazard  one's  life,  frq.;  srog  skydb- 
pa  to  save  life  D2l.y  srog  jbyin-pa^  Jbn-pa 
id.,  Thgy. :  to  save,  to  preserve  (a  child's) 
life  (by  well  caring  for  it);  srog  Js6-ba  ii 
Dzl.y  S.g.  (^Sch.  also:  to  recover,  to  grow 


§C'^  srdit-ba 


^ 


585 


Sl'^' 


shd 


well  again);  srdg-gi  kd-ba  n.  of  a  vein ;  srdg- 
ffi  myin-po  MilJ 

Comp.  *srdg'8ky6b*  W.  deliverer,  redeemer, 
saviour.  —  srdg-Uun  Mil.  the  deep  cut  or 
stab,  by  which  Tibetan  butchers  kill  animals 
{Hue  I,  443),  srdg-lcun  Jby^d-pa  to  stab  in 
this  manner.  —  srog-ban,  srog-lddn  having 
life,  living,  alive.  —  srog-Mgs  animated 
being,  mi4a  sdgs-pai  srog-cdgs  faim-bad 
all  men  and  other  living  beings  DzL^  srog- 
fdg  =  dpyah'fdg,  —  srog^bddg  "S^n-po  == 
pe-dkdr  Glr,  —  srog-TnAd  lifeless,  inanimate. 
—  srog-rtsd  'root  of  life,  vein  of  life',  aorta 
S.g.y  chiefly  used  rhetor,  and  fig.  —  srog^ 
Un  deadly,  fatal  Lt  —  srog-Mn  axle,  axle- 
tree;  miodrrUn-gyi  srog-Un  the  pole  in  a 
Chodten ;  fig.  prop,  sims-hyi  srog-sin  MiL 
^•q»  srdh'ba,  pf.  bsrans,  fut  bsran^  imp. 
"^  sron(8X  bsrauy  W.  *^rdn'be*y  to  make 
straight,  to  straighten,  ydn-po  what  is  awry, 
crooked  Lea:.^  yzer  srdn-ba  to  beat  out  nails; 
to  equal  Sch,;  sku  drdn-por  bsrdns-te  (he 
sat)  straight  and  erect,  cf.  also  srah  and 
bsrdn-po.  —  W, :  ^srdn-te  (fa  ddg-ga  ^i-ru 
dad^  will  he  pass  straight  through  or  does 
he  stay  here? 

^^^?3$r2r  ^^"^^^^"^S^^^"?^  Srong- 
'  ^  tsangampo,  n.  of  the  most 
famous  king  of  Tibet,  a  contemporary  of 
Mohammed;  he  introduced  the  Tibetan 
letters,  and  was  the  chief  promoter  of  Bud- 
dhism and  its  literature. 
^'  ^•q|t'  ^^^'  srodrjin  dusk  of  the 
'^  * '   ^^  evening,  twilight,  *lrod  rub* 

W.  the  dusk  of  evening  draws  near,  it  is 
getting  dusky,  sroddan  fo-raw3  in  the  evening 
and  morning  Lt. ;  srod  byin  son  night  has 
set  in ;  srod  yol  son  id.,  viz.  the  time  about 
11  o'clock  at  night  C;  srod-la  in  the  dusk 
of  evening  MU.  —  srod-Jior-pag  Cs.Q)  the 
l(yim  of  evening-twilight,  v.  nyin-iiag.  — 
srodrloh  dayblind,  nyctalops,  seeing  better 
in  a  mild  than  in  a  bright  light. 
^f(^  srol  usage,  custom,  common  use,  habitual 
'^  practice,  habit,  der  yi-gei  srol  med-pas 
as  the  art  of  writing  is  not  yet  in  use  there 
Glr.]  sndr-srol  bzan-po-la  dgons  hig  keep 
in  mind  the  good  old  customs  GZr.;  srol  Mgs^ 


^ 


pa^  srdUdu  ^gyur-ba  CSj.,  srdUdu  J^siidrpa  to 
grow  into  a  habit,  to  become  the  custom 
(of  a  person,  a  country);  srol  ^dz'kgs-pa  to 
introduce  a  practice  Gfo*.;  srol  yidd-pa  Lex, 
prob.  the  same;  bka-srdl  =  srol,  but  at  the 
same  time  expressive  of  reverence  for  the 
originator  of  the  custom  Zam.;  pyag-srdl 
MU.  is  said  to  be  a  respectful  expression  for 
lag-Un-gyi  srol(?);  legs-pat  dpe-srol  bisug- 
ste  Glr.  having  introduced  good  customs  for 
imitation;  fob-srdl  claim,  title,  right,  founded 
on  old  custom. 

5S^  sros  1.  V.  sro-ba.  —  2.  Cs.  sbst.  =  srod 
^  twilight,  dusk  of  evening,  munsros- 
pa  dusky,  dark;  Glr.:  sa  srds-nas  when  it 
grew  dark. 

jj/ryr'  sla^n^-nd  a  large  iron  pan  for 
^  parchinggrain,sZa«-rfr^<7S  soot  ad- 

hering to  a  pan. 

jrn-  sld^a  I.  adj.,  also  sld-mo  1.  thin,  of 
^  fluids  (opp.  to  skd'ba^  fug-po^  rins^ 
pa)  W.  *lan''te\  —  2.  easy,  opp.  to  dkd-bo 
difficult,  his-pa  sld^ba  ina  yin  knowledge 
is  not  easily  obtained  Dzl. ;  usually  with  the 
supine :  rig-par  slao  it  may  easily  be  found 
out  Dzl.y  or  with  the  root  of  the  verb:  go- 
sld  easy  to  be  comprehended. 

11.  vb.,  V.  sle-ba. 
xprq'  IPT^'  sldg-pa,  slog-pa  fur-COat, 
ra}  I  ?  raj  I  sgo-sUg  MiLj  more  corr. 
dgo-slogj  hunting-coat,  made  of  the  skin  of 
an  antelope;  spyan-sldg,  W.  *kan-lag*  fur- 
coat  of  a  wolfs  skin;  fsar-sldg  coat  of  lamb's 
skins;  ras-sldg  prob.:  a  fur-coat  covered 
with  calico  Glr. 

^C  slan  1.  V.  sub  sla-na.  —  2.  v.  sl6n-ba. 
^'p*  sldn-Ka  shelf,  shelves,  stand. 

5jC^'^'  sldn-ba  v.  sUn-ba. 

«jff*  slad^  eleg.  =pyi  I,  II,  IV,  1.  slad-rdl 
^  '  hind  part,  back  part  Lar.,  sldd-bhin-du 
or  sldd-biin-par  behind,  e.g.  J^rdn-ba  to 
walk  behind  one,  sWd-sa  =jDyt-sa  (im) 
dung  Bhar.  —  2.  after,  sldd-na  c.  geniC= 
^6g-tuDzl.\  sldd-nas  adv.  afterwards,  here- 
after, subsequently  Lea?.  andC;  sldd-kyi 
subsequent,  later,  posterior;  sldd-Tna  Cs.: 


586 


§|^'q'  sldd^a 


the  hind  part,  that  which  comes  after,  the 
later  or  latter  part;  ddd-mar^  sldd-kyiseSteT" 
wards,  hereafter,  slddr-mar  yan  also  for  the 
future.  —  3.  sldd-du  on  account  of,  for  the 
sake  of. 

^-•«,  sldd-pa^  pf.  bslady  (cf.  Ihdd-pd)  tO 
^  '  mix,  esp.  with  something  of  an  in- 
ferior quality,  hence  to  adulterate,  vitiate,  to 
spoil,  to  corrupt,  skyon-gyU  or  Uidd-kyis  ma 
sldd'pa  not  marred  by  any  defects  Lex.^ 
pyin-H'ldff'gis  yom-^u  sldd-^  quite  unfitted 
by  perversity  DzL;  gd/i-gis  kyaii  ma  sldd- 
pa  without  any  thing  detrimental  operating, 
not  subject  to  any  noxious  influence  Wdn,; 
de  myds-kiri  sldd-par  byds^te  making  him 
drunk  and  thus  disabling  him  DzL 
«*^  slan  1.  (?)  *na'sldn*  W.  the  furred  ear- 
^  '  coverings  of  Tibetan  ladies.  —  2.  = 
sZad;  slan-cdd  =  jiyin-cdd. 
^^ry  sldn-te  V.  sld-ba, 

51<rcj'  *^^"P^  !•  t®  nwnd,  patch  Sch,  —  2. 

^  '       V.  bslan, 

«T^w  sldm-pa,  1.  to  roast  slightly,  to  parch, 

^  to  make  brown  by  exposing  to  heat, 

e.g.  meal  C,  W.  —  2.  to  roast,  to  fry,  *wwrr- 

la*W. 

sldr-nas  id.  C.  —  slar  yan  Jttg-pa  to  be 
affixed  or  added  again  (of  letters,  to  the 
end  of  a  word)  Gram.;  star  ^dn-ba  to  come 
back,  to  return  DzL;  slar-yhegs  he  went 
away  again  DzL;  slar  stobs  skyed  he  regains 
strength  S,y,;  sldr-bsdu-ba  the  final  o  of  a 
verb,  indicating  the  end  of  a  sentence  Gram. 
««^  slas  1.  V.  Uias.  —  2.  retinue,  train,  atten- 
^  dants,  wives  and  servants,  po-brdn-gi 
slas  a  king's  or  prince's  retinue,  the  court, 
people  at  court  DzL 

^^  sliC.  ace.  to  some  authorities:  a  yellowish 
^  red  apple,  or  Indian  apple  (opp.  to  ku-su 
Tibetan  apple);  ace.  to  Cs.  cherry;  cherries, 
however,  are  scarcely  known  in  Tibet  — 
sli  -  tsi  small ,  wild  -  growing ,  cherry  -  like 
dwarf-apples,  Pyrus  baccata;  *bi-li'tsi^  W, 
gooseberry;  *wdm'pti'U'tsi*  the  whiteberries 
of  a  species  of  mountain-ash,  Pyrus  ursina 
{^wampu*  in  the  Bunan language:  'bear'). 


slar,  eleg.  =  yytV,  1.  again,  over  again, 
once  more.  —  2.  afterwards,  hereafter, 


jf-q*  shi-ba,  p£  bsUiSy  fut.  fisZu,  imp.  (i)8ia(«), 
^  to  entice,  allure,  ensnare,  beguile,  se- 
duce, e.g.  to  be  ensnared  by  wordly  sorrows; 
less  frq.  in  a  direct  sense:  to  impose  on,  to 
deceive,  rdzun  byds-te  by  a  falsehood  Dzl.] 
slu'Krid  enticement,  seduction,  means  of  se- 
duction, bait;  bzdh-poi  slu-Urid  enticement 
to  a  good  purpose;  bslu-bormHan  deceiver, 
deluder,  impostor  Glr. ;  mi-«Zi«(-6a)infiaUibIe, 
sure  MU. 

«J-  sfe  1.  a  coarse  blanket  Ts.^  =  M-ra^  2a- 
^   ri,  —  2.  n.  of  the  capital  of  Ladak. 
ji'^ST  «fc "  ^^^«  ^^'  ^'  ^^  ^  creeper  or 
^  "^     climbing  plant 

^2f  sU-po  C,  sU-ia,  sU'bo  Cs.  a  flat  basket 

grq*  ^l^'ba  1.  vb.,  bsle-ba^  Ihdba.  pf.  Uutt 
^  B,,  ^Id-ce*  W.  to  twist,  plait,  braid,  the 
hair,  (to  make)  a  basket  etc. ;  to  knit 

11.  sbst.  1.  V.  no.  I.  —  2.  distortion,  dis- 
location (of  a  limb)  Cs, ;  sU-bo  one  that  has 
a  distorted  limb  Cs.\  sle- mig  a  distorted 
eye  Cs. 

^fifS^  sle-ydn  craft,  deceit,  trickery,  sle^on 
^  '  byid-pa  to  cheat,  deceive,  impose 
upon  Cs. 

^\  sled  knitting-needle  (?)  Ld. 

SJo'CJ'  ^^^"P«i  pf«  (b)slebs,  fut.  bsleb,  resp. 
oiy(^7^^a,  pib^a  (cf.  ^dn-ia^  1.  to 
arrive,  with  termin. ;  bslebs-zinlhAy^  arrived, 
he  has  arrived;  in  Ld.  however  the  future 
*slebs  yin*  is  also  pronounced  *leb  zin*.  — 
2.  to  reach,  to  extend,  to  a  certain  place  or 
point  Pih.  and  col.  —  3.  to  come  in  (of 
interest,  rent,  duties),  hence  sleb  income,  re- 
venue, public  revenue,  receipt  of  customs 
etc. ;  sleb-fo  account  of  receipts. 

S^^'  sh'dr&n  warm  fresh  dung  Sch, 

S^'^'  slog-pa  I.  sbst.  v.  slcig-pa. 

II.  vb.,  pf.  bslogSy  fut.  bslog,  Cs.  (trs.  to 
Idog-pa)  to  turn,  to  turn  round  or  about, 
to  turn  upside  down,  inside  out,  rkydl-pa 
pyi-ndn  sldg-pa  to  turn  out  the  inside  of  a 
bag;  mig  sldg-pa  to  roll  one's  eyes;  *Aoii- 
bu  ma-lag  slog  Jky*  the  donkey  is  rolling 
on  his  back;  sa  sldg-pa  to  plough  np,  torn 


'^  sldn-ba 


^ 


587 


^rpiCV  ysa 


up,  to  dig  the  soil;  in  arithmetic:  *sum  nyi 
log-pa  dug*  W^  two  times  three  are  six, 
gjr'n'  5IC'^  slon-ba^  sldn-ba^  pf.  (J))dans^ 
^  '  '^  fut.  (b)slan,  imp.  slon(s\  W. 
*ldn-b^^  I.  causat.  and  transit,  form  to  Iddn- 
ba.  1.  to  cause  to  rise,  to  help  to  rise,  one 
lying  on  the  ground;  dgrd-ru  sldn-ba  to 
cause  a  person  to  rise  as  an  enemy  (cf.  dgrar 
Iddn-bd)^  i.e.  to  make  a  person  one's  enemy 
S.j^ ;  bsdd-pai  mi-rd  sUn-ba  to  resuscitate 
the  slain ;  to  excite,  cause,  inspire,  compassion, 
fear,  terror  etc. ;  prag-dog-gis^  skyo-^as-ki/is 
kun-nas  bslans-te  Glr.y  Mil.  quite  excited 
by  envy  and  hatred,  ni  f.;  esp.  in  pathology 
of  the  procatarctic  or  exciting  causes  of 
diseases:  to  l(indle  (a  disease)  into  action, 
hence  aton-rkyhi  the  exciting  cause  (of  a 
disease) ;  —  to  raise,  to  erect,  a  pile,  post, 
wall  Mil,;  sldn-kin  a  pile,  stay,  prop,  erected 
or  set  up.  —  kunsldn  Lea. ,  Mil. :  nyon- 
mdnS'kyi  slon-kun-slon  excitement  (??). 

II.  (perh.  originally  quite  a  different 
word),  1.  to  asl(,  require,  ccdp.  klu  lig  nd- 
la  dpe  slon  a  Lu  asks  me  for  the  book  Dzl. ; 
bu-mo  cun-mar  sldn-ba  to  ask  a  man's 
daughter  in  marriage  Dzl.;  esp.  to  beg,  to 
try  to  get  by  begging:  bun-zad  bsldn-no  we 
beg  for  a  little  of  it!  Dzl.,  pd-la  sldmnas 
%erhe obtained  itfrom  hisfather  by  begging 
Mil. ;  bsddsnyoms  sldh-ba  to  collect  alms  by 
begging  {sldh'ba  partic.  and  sbst.  beggar, 
mendicant  Dzl  y  sUn-mHan^  don-ba-po  id.); 
hence.  —  2.  to  collect,  to  gather,  nor  Cs. 
riches.  —  3.  to  examine,  to  probe  (a  wound), 
TTna-^ysar  Tndzub-mos  a  fresh  wound  with 
the  finger  Thgy.;  also:  to  search  a  man's 
house.  —  4.  to  give,  Ua-lMg  big  sdus-la  slon 
big  gather  some  of  the  remnants  of  the  meal, 
and  give  them  to  me!  Mil.y  so  in  Sp.  and 
a  frq. 

gjr'jj^  sUn-mo  alms,  sldn-mo  sldn-ba  Lea,j 
^  byid-pa Cs,  to  ask  alms,  to  beg;  sldn- 

mo8  Jsd'ba  to  live  on  alms;  sldn-mo-pa 
beggar  Pth. 

gi-q.  sl&n-pa  1.  Sch.  to  patch,  to  mend.  — 
^  ^  2.  Sch. :  dpdn-po  pyir  ^Un-par  by^d- 
pa  to  dissemble,  to  feign  (?)  —  3.  Cs.:  to 
thrust  out. 


gjq.  slab  the  act  of  learning  ,^  study,  slab 
^  ma  mydn-ba  to  have  had  no  instruc- 
tion or  education;  dob  Jmd-pa  to  teach, 
gwq*  sUb-pa,  I.  vb.,  pf.  balabs,  fut  bslab^ 
^  imp.  8lob(s)j  W.  ^Idb-c^y  to  learn,  to 
teach,  na  or  nd-la  slob  I  learn,  nas  slob  I 
teach,  de-la  mUan  slob  ynyis-kyis  lo-tsfsa 
bslabs  both  the  abbot  and  the  instructor 
taught  him  the  art  of  translating  Pih.\  na 
rtsis  hig  slob  ^ddd-pas  slobs  as  I  should  like 
to  learn  something  of  mathematics,  teach 
me!  Pth.;  bsldbs-pas  Us-te  when  he  had 
learned  it  Pih.;  bsldb-bin  Ubs-payah  dka  as 
learning  is  difficult,  even  if  one  is  taught 
Dzl.]  sUb-tu  Jug-pa  to  let  one  take  lessons, 
to  have  or  get  one  instructed  Dzl.;  *t'u-gu-la 
gam- fan  Idb-be*  to  teach  a  little  child  to 
walk  W.;  mi-la  yizge  bslabs  schools  were 
established  Glr.;  yon-tan  sldb-pa  to  teach 
(to  learn)  good,  useful,  things  Pth.  and  frq. 

II.  sbst.  1.  the  act  of  learning  DzL  — 
2. teacher,  \f)Sbructorjbrdm-ze sldb-pa  a  Brah- 
man as  instructor  i)2rZ.;  ^pdgs-pa  sldb-pa- 
mams  the  venerable  preceptors  (more  than 
dge-sldn,  less  than  dgrd  -  bbom-pa)  Tar. 
5,1.   31,9.     <,nka,  :•  .     '.     ,.  'J   r   .   _ 

Comp.  "lob-Mydd*  W.  use,  practice,  ex- 
ercise. —  slob-grwd  school,  school -room, 
school-house;  *lob-da-Mn*  W.  id.  —  slob- 
^d^8  school-fellow,  co-disciple.  —  slob-ynySr 
student,  scholar,  shb-ynyir  gdh-du  bgyis 
where  have  you  studied?  at  what  college 
have  you  been  a  student?  Mil.  —  sldb-dpon 
teacher,  instructor,  master, frq.;  also  a  college- 
title  like  our  bachelor  etc. ;  ihe  teacher'  by 
way  of  eminence,  is  either  Buddha  or  Pad- 
Tna-byun-ynds.  —  shb-Jbdns  scholar,  pupil, 
disciple,  =  bti-sldb  Mil.  —  sldb-ma  id.,  frq. 
*lob-ld*  report,  rumour,  fame  W.  —  Cf.  bslabs. 
Hq^-  slobs  exercise,  practice,  experience; 
^  mig- slobs  nan -pa  skye  Mil,  a  bad 
custom  of  seeing  begins  to  prevail  (viz.  that 
of  looking  downward',  and  minding  only 
earthly  things). 

zmo:  q^a';'««7*«<3t3fe7.,  a  (W.  *^a7j*) 

'      '  the   snow -leopard,   nearly 

white,  with  small  clusters  of  black  spots ; 
living  on  the  higher  mountains. 


588 


TOprrCT  ysdg-pa 


^ 


2T|^F|'Cr  ysdg-pa  Sch,  to  sew  together. 

m^fT'  what  is  secret,  hidden,  ysan  hor  the 
'^        secret  comes  out,  is  made  known  DzL 
jMir-q-  ysdn-ba  I.  vb.  to  do  a  thing  se- 
•^  creUy,  to  conceal,  na-la  ysannlu  mi 

run  it  is  not  right  of  you  to  be  so  close 
to  me  MU.]  ysdn-ste  brkm-nas  stealing  se- 
cretly, ysdnste  bskydl-najs  sending  under- 
hand, furtively  DzL\  to  hide  one's  self,  to  be 
concealed  dMn-pai  ynas  hig-tu  ysdnste  be- 
taking one's  self  secretly  to  a  solitary  place 
Dzl,  yici-wfti/i-par/'sdw-sfe  keeping  it  secret 
with  one  consent  DzL\  *8an-ne  dad-be*  W. 
to  sit  concealed. 

II.  sbst  1.  secret  things,  a  secret;  ysan- 
bai  bdag-po  =  ysan-dban  v.  below.  —  2. 
secret  parts  Med,^  also  ysan-ynds  Med,,  ysdn- 
bai  pdd-ma  Med,,  sometimes  the  anus  in- 
cluded; ysdn-bai  nad  diseases  of  the  sexual 
organs  Med. 

III.  adj.  1.  secret,  hidden,  concealed,  ysdn- 
bai  ?08  esoteric  doctrine  Dzl. ;  pyi-nan-ysdn 
V.  pyi  III.  —  2.  Uyi-mo  nyan-gyi  ma  ysan- 
ba  a  female  dog  of  very  sharp  hearing  (v. 
yseh-ba), 

Comp.  ysdn-kah  a  secret  room  Cs,  — 
yBdh'Sgo  a  secret  door  Pih,  —  ysan-sgi^o 
S,gJ — ysa^-swojfs  secret  charms,  mysterious 
incantations,  frq.;  even  in  medical  works 
they  are  praised  as  the  'best  medicine'.  — 
ysan-mje  v.  m)e.  —  ysan-ynds  1.  a  secret 
place.  2.  mystery,  nif.:  ysdn-bai  ynas  du-ma 
yswws  he  taught  many  mysteries,  many  secret 
doctrines.  3. privities,  pudenda. — ysan-spydd 
privy,  necessary,  water-closet.  —  ysan-dbdn, 
yaan-rddr  Mil,y  ysan-bai-bddg'po  Do,  =  rcto- 
rje-Jcan,  v.  rdo^e,  comp. 

qi^^T-q-  ysdn-pa  resp.  to  hear,  to  listen  D^Z.; 
'  '  Uyodysan  dan  listen  (to  me)!  Mil,; 
bdag-gi  fsig-la  yson  id.  Glr.;  with  las  or  la: 
to  hear  a  person  teaching,  expounding  etc. 
Tar,  Gi,ys6n-pa, 

^^^'^'  ysdb^a  v.  ysdb-pa, 

(7Y  ^^  '    STlW^'fl'  ysdr-ba,  ysdi^-pa,  usually  ysdr-po 

new,  fresh,  lug- ha  ysdr-ba  fresh 

mutton  Lt, ;  rma  ysdr  ^pa  ix  raw  wound 


2?p|ftr«r  ysdlrba 

Thgy. ;  bdg-ma  ysdr-pa  the  young,  (recently 
married)  wife  DzL;  ^bhu-mo  sdr-pa*  a  girl 
that  is  stiil  a  virgin  C;  ysdr-du  adv.,  ysdr- 
du  bsdd-pai  ka  £esh  of  animals  that  have 
just  been  slaughtered,  lit.:  fresh-slaughtered 
flesh  DzL;  Ka-ysdr  sl  new  edge;  kan-ysdr 
new  house,  also  a  name  of  villages,  castles 
etc.;  gos-ysdr,  mar-ysdr  Lt;  rta^ysdr  Schr, 
a  horse  not  yet  broken  in.  —  ysar  ^dga- 
pa  Sch.:  'to  tell  each  other  news;  to  make 
a  new  acquaintance',  ^sar-zug  id^^  W.  to 
plant  (a  piece  of  land)  for  the  first  time, 
to  cultivate,  to  people,  to  stock  with  in- 
habitants. —  par-rin  old  and  new,  sUJe 
and  fresh;  age,  duration,  existence.  —  par 
yidd'pa  frq,,  also  t^ar  ybdd^pa  Pth,,  to 
search,  inquire  into,  investigate  thoroughly,  to 
examine,  to  study,  akad  a  language.  —  ysdr- 
bu  new  beginner,  tyro,  novice  MiL 
m^fQvqr  ysdl'ba  vb.,  to  be  dear,  distinct, 
'  bright,  slar  hdr-iih  ysdl-na  when 

(the  sun)  shines  bright  again;  mdr^me  JH- 
Kar  yadl-ba  biin  flaming  up  once  more,  like 
an  extinguishing  lamp  Glr, ;  Ihan-^  Ihatn- 
rah*  ysdl'te  appearing  bright,  clear  and  dis- 
tinct DzL;  yadl'lo  it  is  clear,  it  is  evident; 
it  stands  written,  it  may  be  read,  ^dtd-ior 
na  ysdh-h  it  may  be  read  in  the  Dulva  Glr,. 
Tar.;  ysdl'po  (itoto)  visible  to  a  great 
distance,  conspicuous,  distinct,  obvious,  in- 
telligible; kun-ysdl  id.;  *mig  adUpo  ton  mi 
tub,  na^  sdl-po  zer  mi  he*  W,  his  eye,  — 
his  speech,  is  not  clear,  he  is  not  able  to 
see,  to  speak  distinctly;  ysal  -  dag  -  snyan- 
ysum  B,  =  the  popular  sgra-^lag-ysal-ysum, 
V.  sgra;  yi-^e  ysdl-po  a  plain,  legible  hand- 
writing; clear,  bright,  ysdl-bai  m^-lon  sl 
bright  mirror  (a  frq.  title  of  books);  bright, 
light,  pure,  of  colours,  dkar-ysdl  pure  white 
Glr. ;  pure,  free  from  faults  and  deficiencies, 
*adl-po gydb'h^  W.  to  correct;  sa-pydgs  kyah 
ysdl-bar  gyur-ra  also  his  whole  neighbour- 
hood will  be  freed  from  defects,  will  be- 
come happy  Do,;  ysdl-le-ba  =  ysal-ba;  ysdU 
Ma  Tar.  prob.  =  ysdU^a,  Mil. :  ysdU^a  Hg 
yndn-ba  iu  I  request  (you)  to  give  me  a 
detailed  account,  inst  of  which  also  only  sal 
<%  may  be  said. 


crpiQf^-  ysdlrHn 


^ 


589 


^]^^'^  ysiis-pa 


TOJQJ'OT^'  y^^^^  G*^®  OT^OiVQog  in  its  ori- 

•^      '        ginal  meaning)  a  pointed  stake, 
for  empaling  malefactors,  ysdl-Un-du  or 
ysdl^n-gi  fsi-la  skydn^a  to  empale.  —  C£ 
7*kyan'sin, 
m^^^  ysas-mo  Lexa,\  in  Lt  prob.: 

'  mother's  milk. 

xn^Wq-  ysig-pa  Cs.j  also  bsig-pa^  to  throw 

'  '  up  in  a  backward  direction;  in 
Thffr,  is  said  of  a  lion :  rdl-pa  ysig  he  shakes 
his  mane;  dpun-bsig  Cs.:  ^the  shaking  of 
one's  shoulder'  (prob.  for:  shrugging);  to 
winnow,  to  fan,  to  sift  %.;  W, 
m^'^  ysin-ma  1.  pasture-ground,  meadow 

•^  Dzl.  —  2.  moor,  fen  Sch.  f 

mfj^q*  y^'^'-ba  Sch.,  bsir-ba  Cs.  1.  to  whirl 

'  about  or  round,  to  twirl,  pan  a 

spindle,  mda  ysir-ba  Ca.:  ^to  whirl  an  arrow'. 
—  2.  W,  to  move  by  a  repeated  pushing, 
pdffste  a  plane;  to  smooth,  to  even,  ^ith  a 
plane,  a  knife  etc.;  to  slide,  glide,  slip,  down 
a  slope, 
qr^a^'n*  P^^-ba  1.  to  cut  to  pieces,  to  divide, 

'  split,  IhiirTU  Mil.y  dum-bur  Lex , 

ysor-gyis  ysil-ba  to  saw  to  pieces,  to  saw 
up.  —  2.  to  toll,  sound,  ring,  dril-bu  ydl-ba 
to  ring  a  bell  Ci.,  hence  m/car-ysil  v.  mUar- 
ba.  —  3.  ^sil-^e*  W.  to  read.  —  yail-bu  and 
ysil-^ma  v.  sil^bu. 
qiM--  ysun,  resp.  for  skad  and  ytam,  1 .  voice, 

•^^  ysun  byuh  a  voice  soonded,  was  heard 
G/r.,  ymn  ddg-pa  a  clear  voice,  like  that 
of  Buddha  Dzl  —  2.  the  act  of  speaking, 
talking,  ysun  gUn-ba  to  converse,  discourse, 
ysun  ^dri'ba,  ysun-^dr^  mdzdd-pa  id. ;  that 
which  is  spoken,  the  words  uttered,  the 
speech,  Kyid-kyi  ysun  dei  Idn-du  in  answer 
to  your  words  Glr.;  ysun  kldg-pa  to  read 
the  sayings,  the  apothegms  (of  Buddha) 
Ma. 
mMT'fl'  ysun-ba  I.  vb.,  pf.  ysuns,  resp.  for 

•^  smrd-ba  B.  and  C,  (in  W.  ""yndl-h^ 
is  used  inst.  of  it)  to  speak,  talk,  say,  the 
latter  also  with  the  termin.  of  the  infin.,  inst. 
of  direct  speech,  but  rarely;  di-skad  ma 
/'^wn  your  Reverence  should  not  say  so!  Mil,\ 
ysun  ma  yuan  it  did  not  please  him  to  speak 
Mil,;  rdzun  ysun-ba  to  tell  a  falsehood,  to 


lie;  to  explain,  don  Mil,;  to  ask;  mi  ^dod 
mi  ysun  biis-par  hi  Mil,  please  accept  it 
without  ceremonies  (without  a  refusal);  iaU 
y darns  ysun-ba  to  give  advice  etc.  Glr,\  ios 
ysun-ba  to  preach  Glr.;  mgur-ma  ysiih-ba 
to  recite  or  to  sing  a  song  (but  also :  mgur- 
ma  smrd-ba,  zir-ba  is  said). 

Comp.  ysun-bgrds  report,  statement,  opi- 
nion. —  ysun-mcog  principal  word,  main 
dogma  e.g.  the  Ommanipadraehum  Glr.  — 
ysun-snydn  a  harmonious  voice,  an  agree- 
able, pleasant  speech;  MU.  uses  it  also  of 
the  singing  of  birds  (and  the  screaming  of 
peacocks!)  —  ysuh-sprds,  ysun-^prd  con- 
versation between  persons  of  rank,  or  be- 
tween such  and  inferior  people,  ysun-rdb 
^ysun-m^dg,  also  sacred  writing.  Holy  Scrip- 
ture Chr.  Pr.  —  ysun-sdg  =  bka-hdg. 
m^^'CT    5?^I^'^'  ysud-pa,  bsud-pa  1.  Sch. 

I^"  '  ^^  tobelost,tobedispersed. 
—  2.  W.  to  fill  with  food  beyond  satiety, 
to  stuff,  to  cram.  Bhar.  124  smdn-pa  ysud 
stands  for  Ssk.  f^^m^\  (  Will.:  spasmodic 
cholera),  which  elsewh.  is  rendered  zas  ma 
iur-ba'j  the  meaning  is  prob.  to  overeat  one's 
self. 
q«fw  jrsum  three  (ci.sum\  ysum-Ka,  ysum- 

•^  ga  the  three,  all  the  three;  ysum-pa 
the  third;  containing  three;  ysum-po  the 
three;  ysum  also  elliptically  for  dhon-m^og- 
ysum:  ysum-la  skydbs-su  ^ddn-ba  to  seek  the 
protection  of  the  Three  Precious  Do. ;  bskdl- 
pa  grdns-med^'pa)  ysum  three  times  in- 
numerable Kalpas  (appeared)  DzL,  Glr,; 
rgdn  -  too  ma  smad  ystim  -  po  ^di  the  old 
(woman)  with  her  (two)  sons,  the  three  2)2:/.; 
rgydlrpoyab  yum  ysum  the  king  and  his  (two) 
queens,  the  three  Glr. ;  rob  Jbrin  ysum  the 
big,  the  middle  (and  the  little  one),  the  three, 
— /«wm-8pn^  emanation  of  the  third  degree, 
=  nyih'Sprul, 
j--.;^™  ysur-ma  a  thing  slightly  burnt, 

'^         singed  Cs.,  ysur-dri  the  smell  of  it. 
jMf  «j'2y  ysus'pa  belly,  stomach,  ysus-pa  sbos 

•^  the  belly  is  swollen  or  distended 

Lea,;  ysus-ndd  dropsy  of  the  belly;  ysus- 
rked  the  middle  part  of  the  body,  the  waist 
Sch.;  ysuS'^pyan-^o  a  deity. 


>^;V. 


"jl        Uj.r»-^ 


590 


^R'  yse-ba 


^ 


,x:y^€9'brddr  Sch.  a  file  (instru- 
ment), V.  sag-ydar, 
•jj-  peg-ma  small  stones;  yseg-seb-ban 
full  of  small  stones. 


^^q*  ysi'ba  1.  V.  s^-ia.  —  2.  v.  /s^rf-^^a. 

^^l^^^l^'  yseg-yMn  ==  mJiar-ysil  Lex, 

rrpfc'^  %;•  ^^^^^j  «^^  1-  cleft,  chink,  crevice, 
fissure,  leak,  v.  Kon-s^h  sub  Koh 
extr.;  sgo-ysen  chink  of  a  door  Tar.;  ysen 
b87*ub^a  Sch,  to  stop  up,  plug  up,  crevices 
etc.;  ysins^a  leaky,  cracked,  full  of  fissures 
Sch,  —  2.  harmonious,  well-sounding.  —  3. 
md'ba  ysen  Sch, :  a  sharp,  acut«,  quick  ear, 
cf .  ysdh-ba  II,  2. 

^^^'  7-8^^  several  larger  species  of  Lonicera. 

q]^«:*CI'  ysM-pa^  also  bsid-pa  (pf.  ^5^?)  to 
'     '      pick,  sort,  assort,  hair,  wool;  to  pull 
or  pluck  in  pieces. 

^^R'  yseb  I.  stallion,  a  male  horse  or  camel. 

II.  also  seb^  1.  the  narrow  interstices  be- 
tween persons  or  things  thronged  together, 
hence  with  wa,  tu  and  Za,  between,  among, 
with  was  from  between,  Uyi  miiys^b-lam^on 
the  dog  leaps  into  the  midst  of  the  people, 
Id-mai ys^b'tu  Jog-pa  to  put  between  leaves, 
sprin-gyi  yseb-nas  lus  pyed  Jon  half  of  his 
body  protrudes  from  between  the  clouds, 
==  rises  above  etc.;  gron-ysSb-tu  bhugs-pa 
to  sit  among  the  villagers;  KyH-cag-gi  ysS- 
na  MeU'dgdl  byd-bai  bud-mid  ydd-damf  \% 
there  a  woman  among  you  named  Meu- 
dgalf  ysS-lam  a  secret  path,  by-way,  be- 
tween rocks  or  underwood.  —  2.  multitude, 
crowd,  drndg-yseb  army,  ndgs-yseb  forest. 
Ofj^^'  y^^  (P^S'j0  gold ;  ys^-gyi  of  gold, 
golden,  ysSr-gyi  mi- tog  n.  of  a  me- 
dicinal herb. 

Comp.  yser-skud  S^g.  n.  of  an  officinal 
herb.  —  yser-skyims  v.  skyeins,  —  ysSr-Ma 
a  gold  mine.  —  yser-mUdr  an  imperial  castle 
^^  ^ts,  —  pei'-glin  Malacca  Cs.  —  yser-^gyur- 
rtsi  prob.  much  the  same  as:  'philosopher's 
stone'  Pth. — yser-fub  n.  of  the  second  Bud- 
dha, Kanakamuni. — yser-mdog  gold-colour, 
y^er-mdog-dan  n,  of  a  monastery.  —  ysSr-pa 


.rj  ■ 


'T^T^  ysdh-ba 


gold -searcher,  gold -washer  Gram.;  yter- 
pud  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb,  an  emetic  Med, 
—  ysef^'^prM  a  gold  chain.  — /s^-fty^' gold- 
sand.  —  yser-md  =^  ysSr-gyi^mi-fog  Med.  — 
yser-ytsd-may  yser-btsd-ma  refined  gold  Gbr^ 
Pth.  —  ^ser-zdn*  W.  gilt  copper.  —  yur- 
bzo-pa,  yser-Tngdr  Cs,  goldsmith.  —  yser- 
yig-pa  'bearer  of  a  gold-letter',  ambassador, 
envoy  Glr.  —  yser-hdg  leaf-gold,  gold-foil, 
foliated  gold  Sch,  —  yset^sran  one  ounce  of 
gold;  a  coin  =  16  rupees,  gold-mohur. 

2Tp|^  ysesf  ran-ysh  reciprocal,  mutual  Wdk, 

Z^fSfq*  ys6"ba  pf.  /«o«,  (b)90s  (=  ^M-ba) 
'  1.  to  feed,  nourish  Dzl.\  to  bring  up, 
nurse  up,  rear,  train,  bu  a  child,  dudr^gro 
an  animal;  also  ysd-skym-ba^ysoslydn  byed- 
pa.  —  2.  to  cure,  nad,  rma;  to  stop,  remove, 
to  put  an  end  to,  nal  fatigue,  i.e.  to  recruit 
one's  self,  to  rest;  to  mend,  to  repair,  %im 
a  house  Cs.;  to  restore,  rebuild,  re-establish, 
what  had  been  destroyed,  to  kindle  again, 
stir  up  again,  a  fire;  hig-  or  sig-yso-ba  id.; 
to  refresh,  recreate,  semsy  resp.  fugs^  the  soul, 
i.e.  to  comfort,  console. 

Comp.  ysO'Tnlian  restorer  Glr.  yso-tdk 
way  of  curing,  manner  of  healing  MedL  — 
yso-bor^  physician  Med, — ysd-bya  the  thing 
to  be  cured,  the  disease  Med,;  yso-byed  the 
healing  substance,  the  remedy;  the  healing 
person,  the  physician.  —  yso-sbyonrba  v.  the 
following  article.  —  yso-fsul  =  yso-fabs.  — 
yso-rig  pharmacology. 

m^^^w  yso^bydn-ba,  for  nyes-pa  ys6-J>a 
'  S  dan  sddg-pa  sbyon-ba  to  get  quit 
of  sin,  by  making  confession  to  a  priest  and 
thus  restoring  the  former  state  of  virtuous- 
ness,  to  confess;  also  yso-sbyan  lenr^a,  yso- 
sbyon-la  yrms-pa;  such  confession  does  not 
entail  any  penalties,  but  only  a  renewal  of 
obligations,  cf.  Foitc,  Gh/atch.  II,  16. 

^^^^  yso-rds  Lex,;  Sch,:  rag,  tatter. 
^^^^'  y^^g-V^  1-  V.  sog-pa  11.  —  2.  v.506. 

ZTT^Sc'ST  y^^'P^  sincere,  ys6n-por  smrd-ba 
'  to  speak  the  truth. 

^^Z^^ysdn-baCs.  andLeo^;  n^xkdWyysdn-ba. 


S^^^'^I'  ysddrpa 


^ 


STjI^q-  ysdl-ba 


591 


qfiSt'CT  P^^'P^y  pf-  baad^  fat.  (Le.r.  ysad^ 
'  '  usually :)  Jsod,  imp.  sod,  W,  *8dd- 
te*,  1.  to  kill,  slay,  murder,  slaughter,  j-^dd- 
pa-la  dgd'ba  to  delight  in  killing  Dzl. ;  hsad 
ma-fdg-pai  sa^  ysdr-du  bsdd-pai  ^a  v.  ysdr- 
ba;  rpydl-pos  ysdd-pa  to  be  executed  by  the 
authority  Dzl.\  (fse)  bsdd-pa-la  fug-nas 
when  he  was  just  on  the  point  of  being 
executed  DzL;  *pag  jdb-te  add-tan-te*  W, 
to  assassinate;  bsdd-dol  bhdm-^moU  am  lost! 
it  is  all  over  with  me!  Wdn,  —  2.  to  put 
out,  extinguish  frq.  —  3.  Uydd-pod-pa  to 
despise,  v.  Uyad  extr. 

Comp.  ysod-ytdd  the  act  of  murdering, 
murder,  slaughter^  ysod-j-cdd-kyi  Jigs-pa  fear 
of  murder  Mil.;  ysod-yddd  mdh-po  byed  he 
is  murdering,  slaughtering,  a  great  deal.  — 
ysod-by4d  killer,  murderer,  ysod-byid  rndn- 
pa  the  murderous  huntsman  Lea.;  ysod-byid- 
kyi  ynas  slaughter-house  Stg,  —  ysdd-sa 
place  of  execution  Thgy,  —  ysdd-lugs  way 
of  killing,  snar  ma  by  as  a  new  (way  of 
killing)  Tar. 

i^^^Zy  ys&n-pa  I.  A.  vb.,  1.  intrs.  to  live, 
'  '  to  be  alive,  ys6n-no  he  (she  etc.) 
is  alive,  *cfe  tnid-na  mi  sdn-be  mi  tub*  with- 
out that  a  man  cannot  live  W.;  to  remain 
alive, to  save  or  preserve  one's  own  \\%rdziin- 
du  smrds-na  yson  kyah  though  I  could  save 
my  life  by  (telling)  a  falsehood  Dzl. ;  ysdn- 
par  mi^dod  I  do  not  wish  to  live  (any  longer) 
Dzl.\  of  the  fire:  to  bum,  *da  son-nc!^  W. 
does  it  bum  now?  —  2.  Irs.  to  wake,  to 
rouse  from  sleep  by  shaking,  to  urge  on,  to 
hurry  on  (lazy  people),  by  force,  whereas 
skul-ba  is  only  done  by  words.  —  B.  sbst. 
life,  yson-pai  fsi-na  or  ysdn-pai  dus-su  during 
(my,  your  etc.)  life,  in  lifetime,  frq.;  hence: 
ysan-pa-nyid  ior  Cwi^  John  1,  4  etc.  Chr.  P. 
—  C.  adj.  living,  alive,  frq.  ysdn^o^col.  *ysdn- 
fe*,  kyi-ma  bu  ysdn-po  mfdn-no  ah,  there 
I  see  my  son  again  alive!  Stg.;  yson -par 
byedr^a  to  call  into  life,  to  animate,  ysdn- 
por  dtir-du  Jug-pd  to  bury  alive  Dzl.^ 
ysdn-pai  rgyit-ma  ^drin-pa  to  tear  out  the 
bowels  of  a  living  man ;  *son-te*  W.  also : 
healthy,  whole,  restored  to  health  again,  *kah- 
pa^  mig^  me  s&n-te  td-de"*  to  cure  a  foot, 


an  eye,  to  blow  a  fire  into  flame  again; 
entire,  whole,  undivided,  *sdn-ie  Hydfi-na* 
am  I  to  bring  it  entire  (or  cut  into  pieces 
etc.)?  of  the  moon:  full.  -;  ysdn-ma  rarely 
for  ysdn-po^  pug-ron  ys6n-ma  a  live  pigeon 
Pth.;  Yson-yhin  both  the  living  and  the  dead 
Cs.\  yson  bsrigs  a  creature  burnt  alive,  mi 
iigQ-la)  yson-bsrigs  byid-pa  to  burn  a  person 
alive  Pth. 

II.  vb.,  pf.  bsan,  fut.  ysan,  imp.  yson  Cs., 
prob.  the  original  form  of  ysdn-pa  tO  hear. 

III.  Md-yson-pa  v.  hid. 

^|?|^  ysob  V.  sob. 

^-^j^^  ysdb-^a,  pf.  bsab^  fut.  ysaby  1.  tO 

'  fill  out  or  up,  to  supply,  complete, 

make  up,  h&r-Uons  a  gap  (?)  ScA.,  to  cure, 
wounds  W.y  *sob-mdn*  balm,  ointment  for 
wounds.  —  2.  to  pay,  repay,  return,  skyin^a 
a  loan  &A.,  drin  ysob-pa  to  return  a  kind- 
ness Glr. 

'  ba. 

q^^.q-  ys&rba  to  brandish,  flourish,  a  staff 

^g;J^q-  ysdl-ba  I.  vb.,  1.  =  ^u-ba  1,  q.v.; 
'  rgydl-po-la  srdg-gi  skyabs  ysdl-to 

he  besought  the  king  to  save  his  life  Dzl. ; 
8tdn-pa4a  smdn-lam  btdb-par  ysol  dig  ask 
the  teacher  to  say  the  prayers  Dzl.;  bstdn- 
du  ysol  I  beg  to  explain,  frq. ;  Iha  ys6l-ba 
to  worship  a  god,  by  offerings,  libations  etc. 
Glr.  and  elsewh.  Tibetans  vy^hen  arriving 
on  the  top  of  a  mountain -pass  generally 
mutter  the  words :  ysdl-lo  ysdl-lo^  prob.  to 
express  their  thankfulness  for  having  been 
preserved  from  harm  so  far,  and  to  implore 
further  protection.  —  2.  resp.  for  g6n-pa 
and  sk6n-pa  to  put  on :  (sku-la)  nd-bza^  cos- 
gosy  dbu-la  fod^  Mbs-la  ^ag  (to  put  on)  a 
garment,  clerical  robes,  cap,  shoes  Dzl.., 
Glr.;  sl6b-dpon-la  ber-ISin  sku-la  ysdl-te 
putting  the  cloak  on  the  teacher  Ma. ;  for 
zd-ba,  Jun-baj  also  for  ^drhi-pa^  tO  eat,  tO 
drink,  to  offer  a  meal  Dzl;  rgydl-po  ^bras- 
cdn  ysdl-nas  as  the  king  had  drunk  rice- 
wine  Glr.;  to  take,  to  give,  administer  (me- 
dicine) Dzl. ;  to  place  (food  etc.)  before,  to 


592 


cr|?^Cr  r^ds-pa 


^ 


q^^l'Cr  bsdm^a 


serve  up  for  (clerical  persons)  DzLy  yzdUh 
m^dd^big  I  place  it  before  you,  help  your- 
self! moreover:  rgydl-pos  Mb-la  shi-Hrus 
ysol  the  king  took  a  bath  Glr. ;  srds-la  skur- 
Urus  y&dUlo  they  administered  a  bath  to  the 
prince  Glr,\  mtsan  ysdl-ba  to  assume,  to 
receive,  a  name  Glr.y  to  give  a  name  Glr,] 
even  thus:  dei  tugs-la  ydon  ysol  a  demon 
enters  his  (the  king's)  body  (clothes  him- 
self with  it)  Glr. 

Comp.  *sol-kdr*  W.,  resp.  for  kar-yol 
earthen  wai*e,  crockery.  —  ysol-skriim  meat 
prepared  for  the  table  of  a  man  of  rank. 
ysol'Md  1.  request,  prayer  Sch,  2.  meat  and 
drink  Sch.  —  *sdl-/^anT  resp.  for  *y^Uah* 
C,  *fah't8dn*  W.  kitchen. — y«oZ-wawpoisoned 
food  Glr,  —  ysoUlbdg  table.  —  ysol-m^dd 
prayer  and  offerings.  —  ysol-^d  tea.  —  ysol- 
nyd  fish  destined  or  dressed  for  the  table 
of  a  respected  person,  rgydl-poi  Pth.  — 
ysol'tdg^  ysolstegs  table.  —  ysoUtib  tea-pot 

—  ysol'fdb  fire-place,  kitchen.  —  ymUlddh 
=  gur-gur.  —  ysdl-dpon  prop,  head-cook, 
master-cook,  gen.  cup-bearer,  butler,  waiter. 

—  ysol'pdgs  salary  Sch.  —  ^ysoUJbin*  C.  = 
ysol'tib.  —  ysol' mar  butter.  —  ysol-tsigs 
dinner.  —  ysol')db  fine  parched  barley-flour. 
ysoh-yyog  under- waiter,  under-butler. — ysoU 
rds  distribution  of  victuals,  by  a  person  of 
rank  to  common  people,  hence  Ckr.  P.  for 
Lord's  supper,  holy  communion;  donation, 
gift,  present  in  gen. 

II.  sbst.  1.  request,  demand,  entreaty,  ysol- 
ba  ^debs'pa  to  make  a  request,  to  entreat 
frq.  —  2.  food  *s61rwa  ze-pa*  to  eat,  dine, 
sup  C. 

Bfl^WTCJ'  7^^^'P^  V.  ys6  ba^  ysos  byidrpa  to 
'  cure  Sch. ;  bu  mi  ysos-pa  not  keep- 

ing, retaining  a  child  alive  Do. ;  ysds  -  bu 
foster-son,  adoptive  son;  ysds-ma  cure?  me- 
dicine? ^  sds-ma  ^ddbs-pa  Thgy. 


R^O'"  bsa  V.  ysa. 

R^^'R'  bsdg-pa  v 

.  ^sdg-pa. 

^  Glr.]  *bsdi 

resp.  for 

zan 

food, 

fare 

i-wa*  id. 

W.; 

bsan'^ 

Jbrds 

resp.  a  dish  of  rice 

R^K^  bsddrpa  V.  ysddrpa. 

q^^'^T  bsdb^a  V.  ysdb^a. 

a^^  isa77»,  thought,  thinking,  bsdm-gyis  m 
Uydb^a  beyond  the  reach  of  human 
intellect,  incomprehensible  etc.  frq.;  cosbzdn- 
las  bsam  bzan  Ihdg-pa  yin  a  good  way  of 
thinking  is  worth  more  than  good  (external) 
religion  MU. ;  W. :  ^sam^nan^ban*  malicious, 
wicked. 

n%^^^  bsdmrpa  I.  fut.  tense  and  secondary 
form  of  sdm-pa. 

IT.  sbst.  ^9^^,  1 .  thought,  imagination, 
fancy,  bsdmrpa  ndn-pa  shn-pa  to  foster  bad 
thoughts  Do.]  bsdmr-pa  tsdm-gyts  quick  as 
thought;  rtdg-tu^di  snydm-du  bsdmr-pa  skyes 
he  was  constantly  haunted  by  these  thoughts 
Dzl.  —  2.  will,  mi  hig-gi  bsdmrpa  Itar  (or 
bbin-^)  sgritb^a  to  execute,  to  carry  ont 
a  person's  will  frq.;  bsdmrpa  If  or  magyur- 
pas  as  it  did  not  go  according  to  their  wish; 
isam-pa^jdflJ-fowma^fojrc^donottry  to  divert 
me  from  my  purpose  i)^:/. ;  bsdm-pa  bzdn- 
po  good  intention  or  design  Mil.]  desire,  mind, 
inclination,  liking,  yndd-pai  or  ydug^ai  thirst 
for  blood,  murderous  disposition  Glr.  —  3. 
soul,  heart  (of  rare  occurrence),  bsdm-pai 
ddn  mi  ^grvh  then  (by  doing  so)  you  injure 
your  own  soul  Mil. 

Comp.  bsam-yidn^  WPf,  1*  State  of  com- 
plete abstraction,  ace.  to  Bum.  ^coTUemplatim 
(cf.  Un-ne-Jziv,,  WTTfV*  WTRf^.  ^«*^ 
'm^ditaUoTC^bsam-^ytdnbyed-pa  to  tnmspose 
one's  self  into  the  state  of  contemplation 
or  meditation  (the  difference  between  the 
two  is  not  easily  defined),  v.  Kopp.  I,  586. 
With  this  extraordinary  state  of  mmd  a 
strange  conception  is  associated,  viz.  2.  of 
certain  regions,  where  besides  gods  and  other 
beings  also  such  men  have  their  abode,  that 
are  growing  more  and  more  perfect  and  are 
stripping  oflfevery  personal  quality,  whether 
good  or  bad,  v.  Kopp.  I,  255.  —  bsam-mno 
or  'bldy  also  62o-6sa?7i  thinking,  wishing  etc., 
bsamrmnd  byidrpa  or  ytdn-bay  resp.  fugs- 
bsdm  ytdn-ba  Pth.j  to  think,  to  meditate,  con- 
sider, think  upon  frq.;  bzdh-byedrkyi  bsam- 


q^Sr^^'  bsam-bshc 


^ 


^^^*  bser 


593 


bio  a  mind^  directed  towards  what  is  good, 
honesty,  probity  Gh\  —  bsam-sbi/dr  design, 
device,  project  AfiZ.,  bzan-po,  ndn-pa;  bmnv- 
bydr  by^d^a  to  plan,  to  scheme,  to  project 
a  plan  C.  —  bsam-ses  consciousness,  *8am- 
h^  nem-pa*  C.  bad  conscience  (?). 

q^^l^-q^Q-  bsam-bshi  1.  seminal  vesicle.  -— 
^  2.  ovary? 

q^fOJ-q-  bsdl'ba  V.  sM'ba, 
q^CT'q*  bsig-fa  v.  ystg-pa, 

q^irn'  ^^'^^  to  mend,  repair,  put  in  order 

'  Sch, 
n^X^q'  bsir-ba  1.  =  ysir-ba.  —  2.  W,  to 
sip,  *str'te  fun*  he  drinks  sipping, 
q^^w  6s27-6a  I.  adj.  and  sbst.  cool,  the 
cool  (of  the  day),  COOlnesS,  /can- 
pa  bstl-ba  Hg  a  cool  house  Dzl.j  bsil-ba  pan 
coolness  is  wholesome  L<.,  ^d-ba  bsil-bar 
^gywr  the  heat  changes  to  coolness ifeZ. ;  68*7 
id.,  *sil'la  dod*  sit  down  in  the  shade  W.^ 
Uan-bsil  ^willow-shade',  shady  place  under 
willow-trees;  bsil-kin  grdn-ba  COld  Z)2;Z., 
Obrr^  bml-mo  id.,  *silrmg  pi-la*  W,  for  the 
sake  of  coolness. 

II.  vb.,  to  cool,  resp.  for  ^Urud-pa  to 
wash,  ial  mouth  and  face,  i^aisthe  feet,  zdbs- 
bsil  water  for  washing  the  feet  Cs. ;  even : 
Ihi  drdn-mos  sku  bsil-bar  mdzdd-pa  to  wash 
the  body  with  warm  water  Cs.;  to  Shed,8pyan- 
cdb  mdri-po  many  tears  Mil, 

Comp.  bsH-Kah  a  cool  room,  a  summer- 
house,  summer- residence  Stg,  —  bsU-grib 
cool  shade  Cs.  —  bsiUJuii  a  cooling  drink  or 
beverage  Sch.  —  bsil-ydugs  parasol  Do,  — 
68t^-6u coolness  (?);  bsil-buirlun  a  cool  breeze 
Cs.  —  bsil'Smdn  a  cooling  medicine.  — 
zds  cooling  food.  —  bsil-;ydb  a  fan. 

fllM'fl"  bsu'ba^  p£  and  imp.  bsus,  to  go  tO 
^*  meet,  ma  bu  bsur  ^on  the  mother  goes 
to  meet  her  son  Dzl,  (usually  with  accus. 
as  in  the  preceding  case,  col.  also  with  dat) ; 
bsus  hig  let  him  come  to  meet  me  Thgr. ;  to 
join,  of  two  armies,  generals,  kings  Dzl,\ 
to  make  advances,  to  interest  one's  self  for; 
most  frq. :  to  go  to  meet  (solemnly),  to  wel- 
come a  respected  person,  po-brdn-gi  ndh- 


du  into  the  castle  DzL;  pdnJi-ta  J/ydn-pa- 
la  bsu'ba  byed-do  I  will  go  to  meet  the  ar- 
riving Pandit  Glr.\  bsu-ba  rgya-cSi-po  very 
great  festivities  of  reception  Ptk,]  bag-mar 
bsu'ba  yin  we  will  lead  her  home  as  your 
bride  MiL\  ydon-bsu-ba  =  bsu-ba  Mil,; 
*dan  8u-de*  W,  for  ;  dan-  or  spyan-^dren-pa 
of  B,  —  ^su-kyel  or  hyal^  W,  reception  and 
conduct  of  honour. 
^?T5W  ^^"^^^  ^^^  clyster,  W.  *mr- 

^*^  nyig*. 
q^;jj--  bmn  smell,  esp.  sweet  scent  De/.;  dn- 

^  bsun  id. ;  dri-bswi  zim-pa  bi*oo  it  is 
sweet,  scented,  fragrant  DzL:  bmn-ndd  Sch, 
fragrance ;  ro  bsun-ba  filled  with  a  cadaver- 
ous smell  DzL;  *mar  sun  son  do^  W,  the 
butter  smells  (rancid). 
— -,-.— g,;^  bsun-bskyur  Sch,:  irregularity 

^  '  ^  of  life,  dissoluteness;  bsun-par 
byed-pa  Sch.:  to  be  dissolute;  to  be  dirty; 
bsun-tsam  disgusting,  obscene  Sch, 

aKj^'Zy  bsum-pa  1.  =  ^dzum-pa,  —  2.  = 

^  sum-pa  Cs. 

n^xr^nr  bsur-smyig  W,  clyster,  cf.  6«w- 

^    S  '   smdn, 
««V  bse  \,  y.  sCy  se-ba^  se-dri^  se-sin,  —  2. 

also :  bse-kd^  tanned  leather,  bse-Urdh  Lea, 
a  coat  of  mail  made  of  leather;  bse-sgdm^ 
bsei  sgrdm-bu  Pth.  leather-box,  or  a  box 
covered  with  leather;  bse-sgd  leather-door, 
or  a  door-like  target  made  of  hides  Pih.  — 
3.  bse  or  bse-ru  (Lea,i^[^  *a  certain  animal') 
unicorn,  Hook,  II.,  157  H^hiru',  an  antelope, 
prob.  =  ytsod;  rhinoceros  Tar,  185,  20. 
nx^xrn'  bs4gs-pa  Sch,  to  come  from  one 

'  side,  to  come  across  one's  way. 

bsil-     R^^^  bsSd-pa  v.  ysedrpa. 

nxjr'rnr*  bsed  -  dpydd  Sch,  the  bow  for 
^  ^  '  setting  a  drill  in  motion. 

q^<3r$f  bsen-nw  Sch  :  a  female  deviL 

'  '  '  ^  a  fresh,  cold  breeze, 
bser-gyis  pog  he  is  exposed  to  a  cold  wind 
Sch.  —  2.  of  persons,  resp.  the  feeling  COld, 
catching  cold,  bs^-du  yon  you  will  feel  cold 
Mil  ;  also  bser-mo  adj.  or  sbet.:  *g^-mo 

38 


^ 


594 

q^Q}-(^q-)  b8el{-ba) 

*sSr'mo  mdn-po  ma  kydd-da*  W,  did  you 
not  feel  very  cold  on  your  way?  bser-mai 
nod  resp.  a  catarrh,  a  cold  Dzl. 
q^Q}Yq•^  bseJ{'ba\  gen.  lam-bsil  COnvoy. 
safe-conduct,  escort;  Lex. :  Jag- 
sky  db-kyi  hyil-ma  (escort)  against  robbers; 
bsil'pa  safeguard,  guide,  (lam-)  bsil  byed- 
pa  to  accompany  and  protect  on  the  way, 
to  escort. 

q^OT'^r  bs6g-pa  v.  sag-pa, 

q?F'^^  bsod-snyoms,  fin^T,  alms,  gifts 
^  presented  to  clerical  persons, 

bsod-snydms-gyis  Jso-ba  to  live  on  alms,  on 
charity,  bsod-snydms  byM-pa^  sog-pa^  oi%" 
pa  Cs,y  bsod-snydms-la  rgyu-ba^  resp.  yhegs- 
pa  to  beg,  ask,  collect  alms;  bsod-snydnis 
sby&r-ba  to  prepare  an  entertainment  for 
the  priesthood. 

qlsfc'q"  bsdd-pa  1.  vh.,  to  be  pleased  with, 
^  to  take  a  delight  in,  to  lilce,  W,:  *de- 
la  kon-cog  sod-ce  ynan*  God  is  not  pleased 
with  that.  —  2.  adj.,  pleasing,  agreeable. 
*nyih  sod  fsor  dug*  tV.  I  feel  well,  I  am 
quite  happy;  bsdd-pa  dan  ndn-pa  good  and 
bad;  bsdd-pai  zas  is  explained  by  one  Lexr. 
zas  bzdn-poi  min  good  food,  good  provi- 
sions, by  another:  =  W^tfi  prepared,  dress- 
ed, boiled. —  bsdd-bdCy  bsdd-namsj  resp.  sku- 
bsdd  i.  good  fortune,  happiness,  felicity,  bsdd- 
bde-dan  happy,  bsdd-bde-vied  unhappy  Cs, 
2.  destiny,  fate,  =  dban-fdn,  yah-cdd  sod- 
de-ne  )un*  every  thing  happens  according 
to  a  decree  of  fate  W,;  prob.  also  sku-bsdd 
Un-tu  8?  Ld.'Glr,  11,  b.  SchL^hls  destiny  is 
a  very  high  one ;  kydd-kyi  hs6d-bde-la  brduh- 
ba  ydd-pa  yin  it  belongs  to  your  destiny 
that  you  get  a  drubbing.  —  3.- merit,  virtue, 
good  action,  byid-pa  to  perform  (a  good 
action)  DzL^  bsdd-bde  sdg-pa  to  gather  me- 
rit, bsdd-nams  ma  yin-pai  las  sinful  deed 

q^^  bsos  indemnification,  damages  paid  for 

bodily  injury. 
^^W"^'  bs6s-pa  V.  ysos'pa. 


^q*  bslu-ba 

No 

^5J^'^*  bsrdd-pa  v.  bsrod-pa. 
R^^^'  bsrdn-pa  v.  »rdn-pa. 

q?jq'Cr  ^^^^^'P^y  V.  srab^  to  bridle,  keep 
'^         under,  restrain,  check,  curb,  refrain, 

bag-cdgs  the  passions,  mun-pa  or  sgrib-pa 
bsrdb-pa  C's.  to  dispel  darkness  (prob.  only 
in  a  spiritual  sense). 

q^jai*^  bsraUba  v.  srel-ba, 
R^R'  hsri-ba  etc.  v.  sri-ba  etc. 
q^'  bsi^n  Cs.  a  tutelar  genius. 

N3 

^^^^',  ^m^',  ^^^'^',  «i^^. 

No  >o  ND 

^S^^\  ^S^'^',  R^^  f>srun-pa,  bsrub- 
'      '     '^         '     -N       p^^     bsrul'ba, 
bsrd-ba^  bsreg-pa,  b»rSl-ba,  bsrd-ba  v.  srm- 
pa,  stnib-pa  etc. 

q^'q'^    qg^-q-  bsrod-pa,  bsrdd-pa,  = 
^  '     '       "^  '       sr6-ba,  to  dry,  by  ex- 
posing to  the  rays  of  the  sun  Sch, 

^sr^''  ^'^.  ^^s'^'  ^^-  *»«-*«' 

bsldn-ba^  bsldd-pa  etc.  v.  sld-ba^  sldn-ba  etc. 


q^^T^-q-   bsrdn-ba  v.  sr6n-ba\  bsrdn-po 

straight,  upright,  *y&r-po  dug  srdn- 

pO'la  hog*  C.  it  stands  aslant,  put  it  straight! 


qjjq-jFj'  bsldb-pa  1.  vb.,  v.  slob-pa,  —  2. 
^  sbst.  doctrine,  bsldb-pa  ysum  Glr,, 
ace.  to  an  explanation  in  tlie  Triglot:  Ihdg- 
pai  fsul-UnmSy  Uidg-pai  sems^  IMg-pai  m- 
rdb  (expressions  which  I  am  not  able  to 
interpret  satisfactorily);  our  Lama  explain- 
ed bsldb-pa  ysum-gyi  sdorn-pa  MU.  by :  so- 
far,  byah-shns  and  ysan-sndgs-kyi  sd6m-pa\ 
bsldb-pai  yrias  dogma,  tenet  Tar,  —  *lah- 
Uan*  W.  teacher.  —  *lab'(s)tdn  tdn-c€*  W. 
to  teach,  to  keep  school.  —  bslab-bya  what  is 
to  be  learned,  doctrine,  precept,  admonition, 
Jig-rt&n  mi-ios-la  dgos-pad  bsldb-bya 
mdzdd-do  he  imparted  to  her  some  practical 
doctrines  or  rules  of  life  and  social  inter- 
course Glr.y  bsldb-bya  stdn-pa  B.,  *tdn-ce* 
W,  to  give  admonitions,  to  exhort,  repri- 
mand. 

^1'^'.  ^'^',  ^§^^',  ^^  *^«- 

6a,  bsU-ia^  bsUb-pa^  bsl6g-pa  v.  slu-ba^  sle- 
ba  etc. 


595 


^  ha 


^'^'  ha-hd 


^ 


^  ha  I,  the  letter  h.  —  2.  numeral:  29. 

«•  A«  1.  W.  a  yawn,  *ha  yon  dug^  I  cannot 

'  help  yawning.       2.  breath,  Im  ^d^bs-pa 
to  breathe.—  3.  the  sound  of  laughter,  *AaJ- 
gdd  cd'be*  W.  to  laugh  out  or  aloud,  cf. 
ha-hd, 
a*  hwa  1 .  gos-kyi  hwa  collar  of  a  coat.  — 

i  2.  shin,  shin-bone  Sck  —  3.  *Aa,  hd*  W, 
very  well !  —  4.  col.  nearly  =  pa  II.,  yonder, 
farther  off,  *hd'la  gytcg*  C.  get  you  gone! 
be  off!  begone ! ;  *hd'^og  =  pd-roP^ the  other 
side,  yonder  side,  *hd'gi''  that  (man)  theie, 
*hd'gi'Tu*  there,  there  above,  up  there, 
there  behind,  thither,  that  way  6'.,  W, 
R-qrq-  hd-gO'ba  W.  to  understand,  *ha  mi 

'    '       go-a*  don't  you  understand  it? 
^'5C'  ^^"^^^^  ^®''y>  sometimes  too  much,  too, 

'  mya-ndn-la^  JUi^ba  hd-can  yan 

mgur-cesso  his  removal  (prop,  disappear- 
ing) from  misery  happens  really  too  soon ! 
Dzl.\  hd-ban-nas  id.,  ^hd-can-m  Ice-pa*  C, 
very  learned,  possessed  of  extensive  in- 
formation. 

^'(3f^'^'     ^'^'  ^^-^«'^"^7  han-hdn 
1  /^'     n  n  very  angry, much  enraged 
U. 
s-^*  hd-ni  all  of  them,  all  together,  in  a  body 

l^  Sch. 
c-q-cw  hd'ba-hd-ba  to  breathe  out  steam 

^      ■'        or  vapour. 
^'2f  hd'bo  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb  Lt 

^'WjzTja^  ha-ydgs  WOO  (to  you  etc.)!  W. 

a-x-  hd-ra,  with  ^gydb-ce*,  W.  to  play  at 

"^      dice. 
R'j^'C'X'  ha-ra-hu-riW,  impetuous,  violent^ 

^    ^       rude,  impudent 
a-j^^-  ha-rdm  with  *^d-c6'*  tVl  to  deny,  dis- 

^         own,  disavow. 

^'^'  Aa-W  >SsA.  parrot 


^•^c-m'  ha-ri-ta-ka  /Ss/;.  vegetables,  greens, 
'     ^    '  pot-herbs  Wdn. 
K'^r-  ha-H'dra  Ssk.  the  turmeric  plant, 
^     ^  Curcuma  S.g. 

^'K'^^  ha-ri-tsan-dan  Ssk.  sandal-WOOd. 
^'^'^^'  ha-ri-tsam  Pur.  centipede. 
^^K^  ha-rib  Ld.  music  (?). 
^'^•/B'Tj'  ha-re-nu-ka  Ssk.  a  medicine  Med. 

^'CU'     R'QTR'Qr  ha-lttj  honla-ha-laWdn.^  B, 
f      ""     '       f        certain  poison,  also  poison 

in  general,  Ssk. 

K-Qt-K-Qi-  ha-la-hd-la  Cs. :  a  name  of  spyan- 
'       '        ras-yzigs.,  v.  spyan. 

s-aj3;j-  hd'lam  about,  near,  nearly,  pretty,  C 
'  tolerably,  rather,  de  dan  hd-lam  jdrd- 

ba  about  or  nearly  like  that  Wdh.  Lcyia--    0 

^'OJaj'  ^'l^l  ^^-7  *ha'ldl  dd'be*^   Urd.' ^'^^ 
'  li  j'vJ^5>,  to  kill  (an  animal)  in  the  ' ' 

manner  prescribed  by  the  Mahometan  law  W. 

a'Oj^  ha-Jm  col.,  astonished,  frightened, 

'  ^ha-la-h*  or  ^ha-la-se*  id .,  ^ha-le  M- 

de*  W.,  ha-lds-pa  B.  to  be  astonished,  fright- 
ened Mil,  Pth. 

R'Bf  ^'lo  flower,  esp.  a  large  beautiful 
garden-flower  6/r.,  ha-lo  rkydn-pa  a 
simple  flower,  ha-U  ston-^ddb  a  double  flow- 
er; *ha'l6'ka*  mallow  W.  (?) 
K'^nr'  ha-sdn    1.  Cs.:  (Chinese  word)  a 

'^     Buddhist  priest,  doctor,  scholar  Glr. 
—  2.  id.,  represented  by  a  mask  in  religious 
plays,  ha-pricg  an  old  doctor  with  boys,  his 
pupils. 
^'•Sqr  ^^-*«^  a  mineral  medicine,  used  as 

'     '   '   a  remedy  for  the  stone;  ace.  to  W^n. 
=  tddrU-koTy  alabaster. 
c-ff-     «•«•  hor-hd,  hd-hd  the  natural  sound 

'    '  '    Q,Q,    of  laughter  Mil,  ha-hd  rgdd- 
pa  to  laugh  out,  to  set  up  a  loud  laugh; 


&96 


^W  liai 


to  Sch.  also  an  interjection  expressive  of 

^^'  Aai  a  Chinese  word,  shoe  C. 

ffQ-»r«-  haU'Spa-ba  n.  of  a  medicinal  herb 
^0^        Med, 


J  hags  Lex,  sugar,  treacle  6s.,  hagskyi 

Id'tu, 
hanf  han-^dzofn-pa  to  Squander,  to  dis- 
sipate Sch.,  han-^a-byed  a  squanderer 


Sch, 

^C'CT  hdh'ha,  W,  "hdn-h"'  to  pant,  to  gasp. 

KC-^teT  hdd-kyis  suddenly  Sch.  —  had-pof 

^?C'^^»  had'hdd  or  hur-hur^  with  ^cd-ce*  to 
^  '^  exert  one's  self,  to  strive  W, 
„.-y^.  han-lddn  W,  1 .  dumb,  mute,  */*aw- 
^  ^  c?aw-/Ji  (s)p<''  ra*  a  stammering,  also : 
a  confused,  unmeaning  speech.  —  2.  Im- 
becile, weak  of  mind. 

^'wT  han-hon  v.  ha-TUL^ho-n^. 

^-  A«6  1.  a  mouthful,  Ad6-;:a6j/^J-pa,  Aa6- 
'      ^6  0a-6a  to  devour  greedily,  e.g.  of 
dogs,  pigs  etc.,  hab-bMd  a  needy  wretch, 
a  starveling,  famishing  person.—  2.  a  stitch, 
in  sewing,  also  ^hab-ka*  C.    *hdb'80*  TF., 
hab-Jsem-pa  to  make  here  a  stitch  and  there 
a  stitch,  as  in  quilting  Mil,  nt,  —  3.  hab- 
gdd  V.  ha  3.  —  4.  v.  the  following  article. 
tuTyfr  hdb-ha  a  dispute,  a  quarrel,  hdb-sa 
'     ^    byid'pa  Mil,  Tligr ,  to  dispute,  to 
quarrel;  hab-tdb  bgdd  pa  to  scramble  for, 
to  strive  or  contend  for  Pth, 
5^-q-  ham- pa   1.  avarice,  covetousness, 
'  greediness;  W.  also  vb.:  to  covet, 

*zdn'ni  n&t'-la*  after  a  person's  wealth;  to 
long  for,  to  yearn  after,  *fcoi  'd-ne  hdm-te 
dad  dug*  his  wife  sits  yearning  (after  him) ; 
hdm-pa  byM-pa  Sch,:  to  be  covetous.  — 
2.  strength  6s.;  courage,  bravery  W.,  of  men 
and  animals.  —  3.  white  film  on  liquids  etc., 
mOuM  C.y  *hdm'di  or -W*  a  musty,  fusty 
smell  CyW,',  "hdm-por  cdg-Kan^W.  mouldy, 
musty,  ""ham-be*  W,  to  get  mouldy.  —  4.  lie, 
falsehood,  6'.  —  hdm-pa-ban  1.  COVetoUS, 
avaricious;  greedy,  voracious.  2.  courageous; 


"^71^1'^- ^^'^^^•'''  <^^'"'^^'*^"3  'l^^ 


^*  hu 

one  Lex,  explains  rlam-kyer  by  hum -pas 
/cy^'ba(?);  ^hdm-pa  cuh-s^  W,  cowardly. 

^'9^'  f^<^^f^-^^  W'  ri"^®i  hoar-frost? 
^-  har  suddenly,  Aar  Idn-ba  to  rise  sud- 
denly Mil,;  *har  se  jh^-pa*  to  rouse 
suddenly  from  sleep  6'.;  har-gyis  (ScA.  had- 
kyis)  more  precise  form  of  the  adv.  Tar, 

^•^'  hdr-re  empty,  open.  Tar.  115, 16  Schf. 

aQrrj-  hdl'pa  a  porridge,  made  of  milk, 
^  butter  and  honey. 

q-Qf-q«  hdl'ba  to  pant,  to  wheeze,  to  snort 
Jial'kyi  a  panting  dog  Sch,\  *hal' 
Tned*  W.  weak. 

s^  fias  exaggeration,  hyperbole,  has-cer 
smrd'ba  Cs ,  *h§  gyab-ce*  W.  to  exag- 
gerate, to  talk  big,  to  brag. 
s«f-JJ^-  has-po-ri  n.  of  a  mountain  in  6'., 


W.*z^-ce^\ob\Oil 


Glr 
^*  hi  numeral:  59. 

S-^orr  hi-digy  or  hdg-dig, 

'^  '  one's  nose. 
^^Tf^W  At-T/irt-ila-ya  Ssk.^^  gam-ban  the 

^  ra,  snowy  mountains.  Him  Jaya. 

^^'  hi-ra  SsL  diamond. 

g.^.  hi-^n  corn-stack,  *hi^n  gydb-b^  W.  to 

^       pile  up  a  stack  of  com. 
S'qJc'  ^*'^*^  noise,*/w-Zm  ^d/i-A-aw^W^.,  bully, 

'         brawler. 
^'^'  hi'hi  =  ha-ha, 

^^•m*  An  Aa  ScA.  breast-bone. 

^_  gqrm*  A^,  A^'^a  the  act  of  sobbing, 
/  I '  /I  I  *}^{g  f(j[^.tc  d^ig  or  gydb-te  dug^ 
he  is  sobbing  W. ;  Viigjdn  (lit.  sbyan)  du^ 
is  said  to  be  an  expression  used  of  a  Lama, 
when  he  is  watching  the  gradual  depart- 
ing of  the  soul  of  a  dying  man. 

SC  hi/iy  ffV,  =  Hn-kun^  Asa  foetida, 
g-,-™^.  hin-dxi-std-niy  C:  *hin-du-td-ni 
''O  ^       A:/*,  Hindoostanee,  the  language 
of  the  Hindoos. 

^^'  his  Pur. :  ""hiz  yon*  he  is  panting. 

^'  hu  1 ,  W.  breath,  *hu  gydb-be*  to  breathe. 
-2—2.  num.:  89. 


^*^'  AtJ^-Aa 


?^q'  h4m'pa 


597 


^"^  Att-ia,  ^r.  ii:i-  the  hookah,  with  an 

inflexible  tabe. 

^'^^  hu'h'tm  W.,  J^  Urdu,  order,  com- 

mand. 

^'1^'  hU'Kyu  the  sound  of  sighing  Pth, 

-.y  hu-na  Cs  :  Ssk,  (hu-Tui)  n.  of  an  an- 
Nb      cient  people,  the  Huds(^?). 
-.Q-.^.  hu'^ah'dki(^)  Sch,:  title  of  the 
N^       4<^    Chinese  emperor.  H^<^^q   u" 
R-x*  hur-re,  mig  hu-ri  ^dug  he  stares,  he 
No       goggles,  with  wonder,  horror,  confu- 
sion Mil.,  Glr.;  mig-hur  Mng, 
R-jvr  hU'Mr  (from  the  Hind,  Jvfthydr?) 
s^o!      (grown)  well  again,  being  again  live- 
ly, active;  diligent,  sedulous  W. 
s-ff-  hu'hu    1.  interj.  expressive  of  pain 
sixa    from  cold  Cs.  —  2.  'the  sound  of  one's 
mouth  in  eating'  Cs,  —  3.  *hu'hu  tdh-be* 
W.  to  whistle. 
&•  hum,  jnr,  1^,  mystical  interjection,  e.g. 

N^   in  the  prayer  of  six  syllables,  v.  ^J^' 

M-  hun  W.  (=  ?a,  ton,  prin)  news,  tidings, 
Nb*  intelligence,  information,  "Awn  tan-be* 
to  give  account  or  notice,  to  inform,  acquaint, 
let  know,  ^fsar-na  hun  ton*  tell  me  (let  me 
know)  as  soon  as  it  is  finished  !  *hun  fs^r- 
he^  to  get  intelligence,  to  receive  news  •,  *hun 
ma  yon  or  mi  dug*  wc  have  no  news  yet; 
disclosure,  explanation,  opinion,  idea,  *H  ydd- 
pe  hun  Uydd-la  jun  yin*  you  shall  get  an 
idea  of  what  kind  of  . . .  are  to  be  found, 
*shn'ban  fun-ban  zig  yin-pe  hun  nd-lajun* 
I  have  got  the  notion  that  this  is  a  very 
quiet  animal;  *re^^i  hun  bil-tar  se*  whence 
have  you  such  accurate  information  of  every 
one  of  them?  ^ser-dub  (Jil-te  hun  ma  jun* 
he  did  not  perceive  it  when  the  ring  fell  ofiF; 
*hun-mid'la*  unexpectedly,  unawares. 
Rrt-  hub  as  much  as  is  swallowed  at  once. 


^ 


a  gulp,  a  draught,  tdg-mar  huh  re  Jun 
zig  at  first  take  only  one  mouthful,  one 
draught  at  a  time  Glr. ;  huh  ycig  one  mouth- 
ful, htib  do  two  mouthfuls  Cs.;  hub-kyis  by 
draughts  ScL;  huh -hub  byed-pa  to  drink 
in  large  draughts,  to  gulp. 


•  hur  1.  v.  Aw-r^.  —  2.  hur-kur  v.  hcui- 
had. 

RT'n'  hur-ba  dexterity,  cleverness,  skNful- 
n3  ness  6'.,  hur-fdg  id.,  also  zeal,  dili- 
gence Sch.;  hur^o  1.  quick,  alert,  dexterous, 
clever.  2.  hot,  hasty,  passionate  Ld.;  rta 
hur-po  a  fleet,  spirited,  fine  horse  Cs. 

^^  hm  Cs.  moisture,  humidity,  hus-ban  wet. 

g-  lie  1.  num.:  119.  —  2.  interj.:  o!  holla! 
^   Cs.;  he-he  1.  id.  Cs.  2.  =  ha-ha,  he-he 
zer  bgdd-pas  she  laughed:  he,  he!  Gh\ 

^y  h^-tu  £^8^;.  cause,  reason,  argument,  logic. 
^'qqi'  h^'bag  provocation,  taunts,  sarcasms. 

^'i^^*  Ssk.  he-wajra,  ^^^'  Tibet,  kye-^rdo- 

rje  Cs.:  n.  of  a  god ;  n.  of  a  series  of  treatises^ 
^.;- .— .  fie^ru-ka  terrifying  deities,  also  Krag- 
'        '    Jun,   Thgr.  frq.,  he-tni-kai  rgyud 
legends  of  wrathful  deities. 

wrSf  Ji^g-po  having  become  putrid,  rancid. 
^•^'  Mge Sch.: soft leather, wash-leather. 

Sq-Jf  hM-po,  hil-ban,  *hel-hel*  W.  wide, 
'         extended;  of  garments:  wide,  easy; 
h^l-ba  id.  and  sbst.:  width  Sch. 

^  ho  num. :  149. 

^™  hd-ma  Ssk.  prop.:  burnt -Offering  of 
'  butter;  =  sbyin-sreg  v.  Was.  (194); 
Schl  251 ;  h6-m>a  bydd-pa  to  sacrifice;  hom- 
Uun  a  small  pit  or  a  triangular  box  used 
as  an  altar  for  such  an  offering. 

^^  Ao-Ao  interj.  of  admiration  Cs. 

g^.^-.  hon-Un  a  medicinal  herb,  Picror- 
'         '  rhiza,  frequently  to  be  found  on  the 
mountains,  Hook.  I.,  272. 

^•^'  hon-hdn  stupid,  foolish  Cs. 

ajj-q-  hdb-pa,  W.:  *hdb-te  dug*  it  has  got 
^       bent  in  or  battered,  of  tin  ware. 
a^  horn  (Mongol  word?)  a  pad,  placed 

'       under  a  camera  load. 
g^-q-  h&m-pa  W.  to  fall  away,  to  lose  flesh, 

^       e.g.  of  hollow  cheeks,  tO  shrink,  to 
shrivel,  of  withered  fruit. 


rf  . 


598 


■  53^1  C  .    IW  H  rrpe^  CO  v>^a-n\ 


^'^5" 


5^-  hor  1.  formerly:  a  Mongol  Juyr^in-gin- 
'  ^an  the  Mongol  Djingiskhan;  A^>r- 8^ 
Shara  Sharaiglvol  n.  of  a  Mongol  tribe  Glr. ; 
h&r-yul  Mongolia.  —  2.  at  present:  in  C,  the 
people  living  near  the  Tengri-Twr  (;/nam- 
mtso);  in  W.  the  Turks;  h^r-zla  a  Turkish 
month. 

Note.  6s.  has  only  the  second  of  these 
significations,  Sch.  only  the  first  (the  latter 
using  Cs.'s  examples  and  changing  all  the 
Turks  into  Mongols!)  The  suppositions  of 
Latham  seem  still  less  consistent  with  the 
real  state  of  the  case. 

Sx-j3ljr5;T*  hw^'Mons  &A.:  deficiencies^  gaps; 
'     '  separation'  (?). 

hdr-^dra  Sch.:  'confiscation,  hdr- 
Jtra  bdbs'pa  to  confiscate'  (?). 
S^-q-  hor-pa  WOOd-grouse  or  cock  of  the 
'  wood  Sch.,  hdr-pa  dkar-po  a  species 

of  hawk  Sch,  (?). 

aoj-Koj-  hoUhol  W.  soft,  loose,  light,  as  the 
'  '  soil  in  spring,  *hol  tdn-be^  hdl-te 
bdr-be*  to  break  up,  to  loosen  (the  soil). 
hrdg-pa  1.  vb.,  to  require  more  and 
more,  to  covet  incessantly  Ma.y  W. 
—  2.  sbst.,  adj.  hardness,  hard  6s. 
;-p- w  hrdn-ba  1 .  alone,  cf.  raw,  *t<ran-Hrdn- 
"^  la  yoii  soil*  I  came  alone  6.,  po-hrdh, 

mO'hrdn  single  man  and  woman,  =  po^rdri 
etc.  C.  —  2.  with  dmar  preceding,  naked  6. 

;-j^-q*  f^r^d-p^  1-  to  thrust,  to  push  violently, 
^  '  to  stem  firmly,  ^kdn-fa  dg-pa-la*  W. 
to  stem  the  foot  against  the  wall.  —  2.  to 
scratch,  sgo-la  pyag-hrdd-pa  ^a  mdzdd-pa 
(his  Reverence)  made  several  scratchings 
with  his  hand,  scratched  several  times,  at 
the  door  Mil.  —  3.  to  exert  one's  self,  to 
make  every  effort  W.^  *h*dd-can  zum-de  or 
tdn-de*  id.  W. 

j5-g-Sg«  hrab'hrib  C.  ^brab-ba-sinb-be"*  Ld.^ 
^^  "^      V.  rab-rib. 

sQ^-q-  hrdl'ba  to  rend,  tear  up,  tear  to  pieces 
"^  e.g.  of  a  beast  of  prey :  to  tear  up  a 
person's  body;  *8ral  son*  he  has  torn  it  to 
pieces  6'.,  Wy  hraUhrdl  Lex. 
S-  hri  6s. ;  ^Ssk.  essence,  substance ;  a  mys- 
*^   tical  word'. 


y 


Iha 


^cr 


gqt*  hrig  W.  ^srig-la  tdn-be^  »rig-ga  tan-he* 
'^'  to  hang  (a  thief),  ^Mg-la  U-c^  to  hang 
one's  self. 

Sm-n*  hrig- pa  Os.,  mig  (or  resp.  9pyaii) 
'^  '  hng-hig  byed-pa  or  ^dug -pa,  (= 
rig-rig),  to  look  this  way  and  that,  hither 
and  thither  Alil.  nt. ;  hrig-ge-ba  lookiog  in 
that  manner  Thgr. 

g^-  hrid;  S.g.;  md-ba  hrid  J^yar  is  ex- 
"^  '  plained  by  Wdn.:  i*nd-ba  Ihdg-pa 
pydgs-su  byar  the  ear  leans  feebly  on  the 
neck,  as  a  sign  of  death. 
^^'sf  hril-po  1.  round,  globular,  krU-M 
"^  by^d-pa  to  writhe  with  pain,  hril- 

hril  kar-kdr  byed-pa  to  be  writhing,  and 
then,  again  stretching  one's  self  or  starting 
up  Pth.  —  2.  whole,  fse  hril  -  par  for  the 
whole  life  GZr.,  nigo  hril-gyis  ytum-nas 
wrapping  up  his  whole  head  Glr. —  3.  ciose, 
dense,  hril  ^dus-te  ^dug-pa  to  sit  or  stand 
close  together  in  rows  MH,,  C,  W.  Cf. 
ril-ba. 

Kj^w  hrud'pa  adj.  and  abstract  noun, 
^  rough,  rugged;  severe,  austere ;  rough- 
ness etc.;  hrtid-po  adj.  id.  6s. 

5^'i^  hrnm-pa  to  break,  to  smash  Sch. 


sQi-«-  hriil'ba  adj.  and  abstr.  sbst  ra 
5  tattered;  raggedness,  hrul-bai  dug- 
po  a  ragged  coat  Mil. ;  hrul-po  id.,  gos  kridr 
po  Dzl.  and  elsewh.  frq.  —  2.  sbst.:  rags, 
tatters,  gds-su  hriil-po  gy&n-pa  to  put  on 
rags  for  a  garment  PUi. ;  hrtd-Uan  a  ruin, 
ruins  Sch. 

'^xvi^v  hrem-pa  swollen  ScA.,  hrem-m^  id. 
-^        Mhg. 

gj-  Uia,  Ssk,  ^,  1.  the  first  class  of  beings 
^  subjectto  metempsychosis, the  gods,both 
those  of  Brahminical  mythology,  and  the 
various  national  and  local  gods,  with  whom 
Buddhism  came  in  contact.  These  local  gods 
were  incorporated  into  the  system  of  Bud- 
dhism, when  they  were  found  to  be  too 
numerous  and  too  much  endeared  to  the 
people,  to  be  entirely  discarded  and  given 
up;  so,  most  of  them  are  worshipped  even 
nowadays  and  presented  with  various  offer- 
ings.   They  are  also  supposed  to  enjoy  a 


•'VJSJ^IW     /w<_  .     Jau>(o 


^•■^=1 


KV/  /.  Jiz  7  »^/.A^  .       nj  ■  ilp^  ^\JL  u/»i«L  /k  i«>  iXh^  i^ 


if  lw*9t*^S 


599 


§r 


Uia 


^ 


Iha 


blissful  existence  (hence :  de^nn  Iha-yi  nt/i- 
ma  ^ar  'this  day  was  a  day  of  happiness 
to  me'  Glr,,  and  similar  expressions  are  of 
frq.  occurrence;  v.  also  Uia-yut)  and  to  be 
possessed  of  qualities  and  capacities  superior 
to  those  of  ordinary  human  beings.  Never- 
theless, when  compared  with  any  Buddhist 
saint,  they  are  considered  to  be  of  inferior 
rank  and  power;  and  a  local  Hha!  can  never 
attain  to  Buddhaship,  without  having  pre- 
viously assumed  the  nature  of  man ;  v.  Kopp, 
1, 122.  248.  II,  296.  Ihai  bu  or  sras,  bu-mo 
or  sras-mo  descendant  from  the  gods,  son 
or  daughter  of  the  gods  DzL  and  elsewh.; 
Iha  mi  fdb-pa  to  obtain  the  birth  as  a  god 
or  as  man  Thgy,;  Ihai  yi-ge  the  Lantsa- 
letters,  v.  lan-tsa;  Iha  Jbdb^a  the  (mystical) 
entering  of  a  deity  into  a  human  being,  in- 
spiration, so  that  the  person  inspired  pro- 
nounces the  oracles  of  the  god,  Uia  ziu/s-pa 
id.  pop.;  also:  the  person  thus  inspired;  Iha 
ni  Uyab'Jvg-la  mos  as  for  gods,  they  wor- 
shipped Vishnu  Pih,^  Uia  md-mo-la  byed  they 
worshipped  the  Mamo  as  a  "Iha^  PtL;  Uiai 
dhdn-^y  Uia-bddg,  =  brgya-byin  Indra;  in 
another  sense :  Uiai  rgydl-po  byed-pa  to  make 
the  gods  subject  to  one's  self,  (said  to  be 
the  blessed  consequence  of  a  certain  charm) 
Do.;  the  following  gods  are  occasionally 
mentioned :  nam  -  mkai  Iha  the  deity  of 
heaven  Tar,\  that  of  the  sea,  DzL;  the  gods 
of  trees,  of  houses  etc.;  dgrd-lha  and  pd-lha 
are  two  personal  gods  of  every  human  in- 
dividual, the  one  being  the  god  of  the  right 
side,  the  other  of  the  left  side  of  his  body 
S/n,  Atil, ;  yi'dam-lha  v.  yi-dam.  —  2.  the 
image  of  a  god,  in  as  much  as  it  is  really 
thought  to  be  inhabited  by  a  deity,  after 
having  been  duly  inaugurated  (rdb-fuynds- 
pd)  Glr,;  the  local  ^Iha^  are  not  always 
represented  by  figures  resembling  human 
beings,  but  even  by  sticks,  stones  and  simi- 
lar fetishes;  gods  also  of  non-Buddhist  na- 
tions are  called  Hha'  and  are  acknowledged 
as  such.  —  3.  fig. :  mii  Uia  a  king  M/.,  and 
hence  Hha^  is  often  used  in  addressing  a 
king,  like  the  French  Sire!  Iha-rgyal-yab- 
yiim-  the  royal  father  and  mother  Pth,;  Ihd- 


yi  Iha  the  lord  of  lords,  the  supreme  being, 
Buddha  Cs. 

Comp.  Iha-Mn  an  idol-shrine.  —  Iha-ybig 
1.  dear  Sir!  dear  Lord  and  King!  Pth,  2. 
princess  Glr,  —  Iha-lcdm  a  princess  Pth. 
—  Iha-cin  a  great  and  mighty  deity.  —  Uid- 
cos  V.  COS  no.  2.  —  Ihd-rje  physician  Wdn. 

-  Iha-rthi  image  or  temple  of  a  god  or  of 
the  gods.  —  Uia-fd  (prob.  for  Ihai  fo-y&r) 
heaps  of  stones,  erected  on  mountain  passes 
or  on  the  tops  of  mountains.  —  Iha-^dre 
gods  and  goblins,  Iha  klu  jire  srin  ydug- 
pa  man  Glr,  2.  goblin,  hobgoblin;  "Uid'^dre- 
ber^ka*  mullein  (Verbascum)  LK;  ^Idn-de 
non  son*  W.  1  have  had  the  night-mare.  — 
Ihd-^de^  mi'sde  the  class  of  the  gods,  the 
class  of  men.  —  Iha-ndd  Sch.:  hysterics; 
madness.  —  Iha-pydg  honours  shown  to  the 
^lha\  worship  paid  to  them,  pyogs  bzir  Iha- 
pydg  mdn-po  btsdl-te  bowing  towards  the 
four  points  of  the  compass  in  token  of  re- 
verence to  the  ^Iha*  Pth.^  often  only:  com- 
pliments, kind  regards,  offered  to  respected 
persons,  in  letters.  —  Uia-pyi  n.  of  a  moun- 
tain in  the  south  of  Tibet  Aftl.  —  Iha-prug 
a  descendant  from  the  gods,  child  of  the 
gods;  as  a  mask  Schl.  235.  —  Iha-prdn 
inferior  deities.  —  Iha-brta-mMan  or  -pa  a 
painter  of  gods.  —  Uia-Jbdns  Tar.;  Sch/.: 
slaves  (doing  service)  in  temples.  —  Iha-ma- 
yiUy  Iha-min^  ^IP?^?  «^e  of  the  six  classes 
of  beings,  living  on  the  slopes  of  the  Sumeru 
below  the  'Uui  against  whom,  like  Titans, 
they  are  continually  fighting;  also  Iha-ma- 
yin-mo  are  mentioned.  —  llia-masrin  gods, 
Asuras  and  Kakshasas,  or  perh.  also :  Uia- 
ma-srin  sde  brgyad  the  eight  classes  of  the 
gods,  Asuras,  Kakshasas  etc.,  i.e.  the  wholtf 
world  of  spirits.  —  Ihd^mo  goddess.  —  Iha- 
ma-^rtd  Sch.:  a  certain  insect.  —  Ihd-bzo 

1.  the  art  of  making  images  of  gods  Pth. 

2.  also  Iha-bzd-bo  a  framer  of  gods  Glr.  — 
Ihd-yul  1.  the  region  of  the  world  where 
the  gods  reside,  the  heaven,  seat  or  abode 
of  the  gods.  2.  fig. :  a  blessed  country,  a 
paradise.  —  Ihd-sa  (in  early  times  Iha-lddn) 
Sch.,Kdpp.ll,SH2,  n,  of  the  capital  of  Tibet. 

—  Iha-mnn  gods  and  Kakshasas;  steh  Iha- 


600 


^r 


Uia-n 


artfiy  ^og  klu-ynydn^  bar  yH-bddg^  are  often 
mentioned  in  connexion.  —  Uia-^tiih  tutelar 
god,  bdd-kyi  Glr. 

grr*  Uia-hd  knee-pan,  pus-mo  yyas-pai  Iha- 
^  nd  sd'la  ^dzug'-pa  to  kneel  down  on 
the  right  knee  frq.;  Iha-Huii  the  bend  of 
the  knee  W. 

yq*  Ihd'ba  AlecL  and  Pth.y  ace.  to  Wdii. 
^  also  klad-rgyds^  ScL:  'the  bloody  mar- 
row in  the  bones;  whilst  he  translates  rmat 
Ihd'ba  by :  'the  growing  worse  of  a  wound'. 
opx'  Iha-ru  Med;  Sch.  cartilage  (cf.  l/ut- 
^  gdr  sub  Uedg-ma), 
ajqr  Uiag  1.  more,  beyond,  ^dd-^a  big  lag 
^  '  son*  more  than  a  month  has  passed  TF., 
*nyi-ma-pyid  lag  son*  W,  it  is  already  past 
noon,  rgyd-mfsO'bas  kyaii  Ihdg-ste  as  this 
alone  would  be  more  than  the  whole  sea 
Dzl,;  nyi-hus  Ihag  more  by  twenty  S.g.  — 
2.  =  Ihdg-ma,  —  Ihdg-pa  1.  adj.  surpassing, 
excelling,  superior,  ^di-las  Ihdg-pai  yzan  (k>s 
med  DzL ;  nyam^fdg^a  nd-las  Ifiug-pa  ydd- 
dam  is  there  any  one  that  is  thinner  than 
I?  Dzl.;  d^-jmams-Js^  ndn-nas  Ihdg-pa  the 
best  amongst  these  Glr.;  rgya  hor  ym/is- 
las  Ihdg-pa  ned  bod  yin  we  Tibetans  surpass 
the  Chinese  and  Mongols  (in  sagacity)  Glr, 
2.  rarely  =  Ihag-mu:  de-las  Ihdg-pa  the 
others,  the  remaining  S.g.  6, 1.  de-lhag  be- 
sides, moreover.  —  Ihdg-par  adv.  more 
(magis)  frq.,  mostly  with  adj.,  but  also  with 
verbs,  sin-tu  Ikdg-par  far  more;  very,  ex- 
ceedingly, uncommonly,  Ihdg-par  Ugs-^a  un- 
commonly beautiful  DzL;  ces  Ihdg-par  ex- 
tremely, excessively  Stg,;  further,  further- 
more ,  moreover.  —  Ihdg-ge-ba  =  Ihag-pa^ 
Ihdg-ge  mdzdd^nas  making  it  project. 
Uidg-ma  1.  remains,  scrapings,  snar  bsad- 
pad  Uidg-ma  (the  letters)  which  at  the  last 
discussion  remained,  were  left,  (unexplain- 
ed) Gram,;  Iha  thag-ma-imams  the  other, 
the  remaining  gods  Stg, ;  the  remainder,  in 
subtracting  Wdk,  —  2.  razor-stone,  razor- 
strap  Sch,  —  3.  being  above,  being  at  the 
upper  part  of,  gron  the  place  lying  higher 
up  (the  valley),  opp.  to  ^og-ma  Dzl. 

Comp.  Ihag-bcas  1.  having  more  than  so 
and  so  much,  bhd-ra-ta  hlo-ka  Jbtwi  Uuig- 


zi:is'^L"'<'<^-  y<^'  i^"y^ <~^^>hi^ 


"g^  Ihan 

bcas  the  Bharata  of  more  than  100,000  verses 
Tar,  2,  the  gerund  in  te  (ste  etc.)  Gram, 

—  Ihag-mfdn  'seeing  more'  (than  other  mor- 
tals), in  certain  states  of  contemplation  v. 
^i-ynas  sub  H. 

QJCfT^j^T  Ihdg-gis  =  Uian-ner,  Ihag-gis  Jlar 
^  '  '  !r^.,^,6yM/iJ/*the  shines  bright, 
Ihdg-ge-ba  =  Ihan-ne-ba  MiL 
fvmzv  lf^g'P<i  I.  sbst,  also  yza  Ihdg-pa 
^  '  1.  Mercury.  2.  Wednesday.  ^  IL  adj. 
more  excellent,  v.  Ihag. 
omi/^yn*  lhag(s)'pa  I.  sbst.  COld  Wind,  lag- 
^    '  j^ajw)^  the  cold  wind  has  wither- 

ed them  (the  flowers)  W.\  lo-ysdr  Ihdgs-pa 
the  cold  new  year's  wind  MH.  —  IL  vb^ 
to  come  together,  to  meet^  to  assemble,  with 
other  persons;  perh.  also:  to  join,  to  be  ad- 
jacent or  contiguous,  of  houses,  beams  etc. 
ajr 'p •  Ihah-ne^  Ihan-ne^  Iham^m^^  also  Ihag- 
^  ge,  lam-Tne,  Iham-pa  dear,  distiod, 
to  the  sight  as  well  as  to  the  ear;  Ihan-he 
Iham-mer  ysal-te  (Buddha)  appearing  clearly 
and  dijitinctlyZ>zZ.,in  a  similar  sense :  Uumr 
me  Ihan-ne  Ihan-ner  bhugs-so  Pth.;  clear, 
sonorous;  Myi-skad  Ihan-lhah-pa  Mil.  the 
clear  (loud)  barking  of  dogs;  Myod  Ihan-Uutn 
glu-len-pa  Mil  thou  clear- voiced  songster; 
Ihah-lhdn  bryddrla  speaking  with  a  clear, 
sonorous  voice.  — Cs,  has:  majestic,  glorioil, 
sublime,  august 

a;c«  Uiad  a  baser  substance  mixed  with  a 
^  ^  finer  one,  an  alloy,  Ihad^Jug-pa  orsri- 
ba  with  Za,  Ihdd-h/is  sldd-pa  with  accus. 
Mil,^\o  alloy,  adulterate,  IMd-^an  adulterated, 
e.g.  milk  61,  Ihad-mSd  unadulterated,  pure, 
genuine,  real;  *^ig  W  hor*  C.  or  *htg  son* 
W,  spurious  words  are  admixed,  falsehoods 
have  been  artfully  introduced;  pyis  Ihdd- 
du  bcug-pai  tsig  Tar,  a  later  interpolation. 

—  2.  BaLj  *ylad*,  fatigued,  exhausted. 
oj^  ZAaw  together,  ilaw-^^yis  (when  referring 
^  '  to  the  subject  of  the  action),  Ihdn-^nas 
(as  ablative  case),  Ihdn-du  (the  most  frq. 
form)  with  one  another,  together,  Uum-ycig 
{'tu\  and  often  Uum-cig(-tu)  id.:  bdagdan 
Uiun-ybig  zan  mi  zd-na  if  you  will  not  eat 
together  with  me  Dzl.^  rta  bbus  Ihdn-du 
rgyugs-pa  ltd -but  sgra  a  noise  as  if  tea 


601 


Uidn-pa  I.  vb.,  to  join,  to  unite,  *Afa 


^^V(    Ihdn-pa 

horses  were  trotting  together  Glr.\  rtd-^a 
brgya  dan  l/idn^u  accompanied  by  a  hund- 
red men  on  horseback  Gb\;  Ihan^-Hgy 
skyes^'pa)  bom  together  with,  e.g.  the  'Ika' 
or  \dre^  born  together  with  every  human 
being  Mil.;  Ihan^kyes  nady  rma  a  heredi- 
tary disease  or  defect  Med  Uian-rgyds  1. 
'partner  of  the  seal',  i.e.  a  colleague  using 
the  same  seal  in  official  business  (Uiavr- 
rgyds'kyi  fd-tsej  or  spyi-ddm).  2.  =  Uian- 
ycig^  Vilen-gyS'la  fsog  or  itig"^  they  have 
come  together. 

^  '      /rtw-^^  W;  to  kiss,  * V  Wn-^^*  id.  resp. 

II.  sbst.  1.  a  patch,  Ihdnr-pas  kldn-pa  J5., 
^Idem-pa  gydg-pa*  C,  *gydh-l^  W,^  ^dibs- 
pa^  rddh-pa  Mil  to  patch,  mend.  —  2.  spot, 
speck,  blot,  place  differently  coloured,  ^od- 
zh*  hdr-cin  Ihdn-pa  hUn-du  a  sunbeam  form- 
ing by  reflection  a  bright  spot  DzL;  Ihan- 
fobs  appendix,  supplement,  title  of  a  medical 
book. 

gjq*(jjn'rT'  Ihab-lhdb^ay  Ihabs-se  Ihabs  Sch. : 
^    ^  'to  flutter  to  and  fro,  to  glimmer, 

glisten'  (?). 

wq-^q-  Ihab'Uiub  wide,  flowing,  dar-b^ 
^  ^  Ihab'Uiub  a  wide  silk  cloak;  prob. 
also  sbst.:  the  moving  to  and  fro,  waving,  tw^- 
tog-gi  of  flowers  Z)o.,  Vdab-hliib-tu  soJ^  C. 
loosen  your  dress!  make  yourself  comfort- 
able! 

ojw  Iham  boot,  also  shoe;  mciUlham  id.; 
Tgyd'lham  a  Chinese  boot,  sdg-lham  a 
Mongol  boot.  ^^'-  '  ***      ''    •'   .<• 

Comp.  Iham-skud  twine,  used  by  shoe- 
makers Schr.  —  Iham-Uan-cin  (prob.  a  Chi- 
nese word)  strong  Chinese  boots  C.  — Ikdm- 
mUan  shoemaker  Schr,  —  Iham-sgrdg  shoe- 
strap,  latchet;  string  for  lacing  felt-leggings. 
—  Iham-mtil  boot-sole.  —  Iham-yu  leg  of 
a  boot  Cs.,  Iham  yu-rin  boots  with  long  legs 
Sch.  —  ScKi  Iham-krdd  or  -skrdd  pieces 
of  leather,  used  for  the  patching  of  soles; 
Uiam-gdg  worn-out  boots;  Iham-^rdm  the 
upper-leather,  the  vamp;  Iham  sgrd-gvrban 
buskins;  Iham  yu-Md  a  sort  of  slippers  to 
which  cotton  leggings  are  sewed  (?);  rtin- 
Iham  quarter-piece  (of  a  shoe). 


OTj-q'  Ihug-pa 


ayxT«;T'^^»  Uidms-kyis  at  once,  all,  every 
^^^^^   thins  Sch. 


Cf.  Uiem. 


Qj^/^'N  IhasQ-ma)  1.  pen,  fold,  inclosure 
^  ^  ^  for  sheep  C,  W.;  also  *hU-ra\ 
2.  also  Ihh^-ma)  braid;  wicker-work;  texture; 
also  of  pastry,  twisted  cake  or  bun,  cracknel 

(  W.  *Um'Zag*\  also  Ihas-ddg. 

gf^q^^  IhaS'bstdn  n.  of  the  birth-plaee 

^        ^  '  of  the  mother  of  Buddha,  Ssk. 

^^'fl'  Ihds-pa  V.  under  sU-ba. 


S^§^  ^^^'^y^'^'  t'T^* 
^     '^  '   of  Buddha  who,  i 


of  a  cousin 
as  the  legends 
have  it,  was  continually  annoying  Buddha 
by  malicious  artifices,  whereby,  however, 
the  blameless  character  of  the  latter  showed 
itself  but  the  more  conspicuously;  hence 
proverbially  used  for  any  malicious  character 
Cs. 

^^Ihihy  cf.  Urn-pa^  Ihin  ^  skrdn  Sch.i  a 
^  tumor  filled  with  matter,  an  abscess,. 
Ihin-i^a  a  full  vein;  Ihin  Md-pa  Lty  ace. 
to  Sch.:  completely  separated. 
oj*  Ihu  part,  portion  of  the  body  of  an  animal, 
^  =  ^  ziig^  Ihu'fsigs  bdu-ynyis  Sch,:  the 
12  chief  parts  (of  an  animal)  resulting  from 
this  way  of  dividing  it,  —  but  elsewhere 
18  such  parts  are  mentioned;  Ihu-ru  ysil-ba 
to  divide,  to  parcel  outM7.;  share  in  plough- 
land,  V.  sub  spyod-pa  I,  2. 

OTT  Ihiig  V.  Idug-pa  to  pour  Cs, 

Ihug-pay  Cs. :  ^Uiug-pa  and  Ihug-m^a 
prose;  Ihtig-pomiB,  diffuse,  luxurious, 
gos  Ihug-lhug-po  a  very  ample  robe;  Ihug- 
par  amply,  copiously,  plentifully;  Ihug-par 
smra-ba  to  speak  diffusely,  copiously,  to 
speak  in  prose'.  Sch.  adds:  'ttw^s  successive, 
continuous;  Ihugs-fsig  and  Ihug-pa  conti- 
nuous prose'.  The  principal  meaning,  how- 
ever, seems  to  be:  uninterrupted,  having  no 
gaps;  unreserved;  Ihu^-par  bsdd-pa  =  spas- 
ysdn-^med-par  bsdd-pa  to  explain  completely, 
without  omitting  any  thing,  *lug  td/i-de*  Ld. 
to  give  unreservedly,  without  limitation; 
hence  also:  liberally,  plentifully;  mci-ma 

38* 


rr^ 


602 


OT;'^'  Ihun-ba 


Ihug-par  sor  or  byun  Mil.,  tears  were  flow- 
ing abundantly.  —  In  some  other  passages 
the  meaning  of  Uiug-pa  is  not  quite  clear. 
gjr*fl'  Ihu/l-ba,  pf.  of  Itun-ba;  Ihun  Ihufi 
%  snydn-pai  sgra  sgi^dg-Hh  Jbdb^bo 
sweetly  murmuring  (the  gentle  stream)  de- 
scends MiL 

OT^-q^r*  Ihun-bzid,  SsL  fMu^q|H|,  the  alms- 
^  '  bowl  of  Buddha  and  of  the  mendi- 

cant friars. 

oj^  Ihun  mass,  bulk,  Ihun-ian  massy,  bulky; 
5  '  well-fed,  *lun'fug'po*  W.,  Ihun-ce-ba 
very  large;  Ihun-Cggis)  gimbQ-pa)  ace.  to 
Cs. :  'formed  in  mass,  or  all  at  once',  self- 
created,  not  contrived  by  human  labour;  bgd- 
ba  dan  bzd-ba  Ihun-gyis  gmb-pas  clothes  and 
food  coming  forth  of  themselves  DzL;  also 
used  of  palaces,  sacred  buildings,  images, 
though  in  such  instances  often  only  by  way 
of  compliment;  Ihun-grub  is  also  noun  per- 
sonal. —  Ihun-pOy  W-ra6-ZMn-po  the  moun- 
tain of  the  universe,  Mcru,  Sumeru,  frq.  Ihun- 
stugSch.y  Ikun-fi^g  Thgy.  very  great,  in  refer- 
ence to  the  mental  darkness  produced  by  sin; 
prob.  also:  considerable,  sublime,  grand. 
ajq«q-  Uiub-pa  1.  sbst.  width,  Ihub-pa-can 
^  Cs.,  yan(s)'hlub^  hlub-hlub  W.,  C. 

wide,  of  clothes.  --  2.  vb. :  to  bind,  tie,  fasten, 
e.g.  ornaments  to  the  ear  Ts.,  =  klub-pa, 
oj^^'  llmms^  resp.  for  mnal  the  WOmb  frq., 
^  IhuniS'SU  kugS'pai  dus-m^od  sacrifi- 

cial festival  of  the  conception  (of  Buddha) 
Sch. 

gjx-  Ihur,  with  Un-pa  or  byid-pa  c.  ace. 
^  to  apply  one's  self  to,  bestow  pains  upon, 
=  don-ynyet*  byM-pa  Dzl.  and  elsewh. 

S*^'  Ihe-ba  v.  sle-ba. 

ojx-  Ih^n  Cs,  'filth  or  dross  in  the  bowels, 

^  '   causing  obstruction';  ace.   to  others; 

internal  excrescences,  v.  sh^an;  ScL:  Ihen 

or  Ihen-snd  pit  of  the  heart. 

r^q^  Iheb^  dbugs  Iheb-Uieb-tu  ^dug-pa  Pth, 

^      *'i^^  leb  leb  jhed  '  de*  C.  gasping  for 

breath. 

f^-  Iheni  now,  at  present,  directly,  instantly 
6' ;  all  (of  them)  cf.  Ihams, 


'  ^q-  Ui6n-pa 

f«yw  Uiis-^ma  =  Ihas-ma  2;  also:  the  act 
of  twisting,  plaiting,  ^kle-ma  gyah- 
pa*  C.  to  twist,  to  plait 

rlJio  south,  Iho-nub  south-west,  har-Od 
south-east;  ZAor,  Iho-pyogs-su  to  the 
south,  towards  the  south;  Ihd-lra  prob.=Z&); 
Ih6-K'a  mdn-nas^onsMil.  they  came  from  the 
Mon  in  the  south;  Ikd-pa^  Iho-Jbrug-pa  ^ 
inhabitant  of  Bhotan ;  Ihd-yul  ace  to  Cunn. 
the  original  form  of  the  name  of  that  pro- 
vince which  is  now  called  Llihul  or  Lahol 
by  the  Hindoos,  and  Lahoul  by  the  English; 
IhO'bur  ScL  (also  Iho-Ji^md)^  =  Mug-ma, 

(0wzy  Utog-pa^  gldg-pa  6s.  a  large  ulcer  or 
^  '  sore,  Sch. :  carbuncle,  anthrax,  sbyoA- 
ba  to  cure  it;  in  Med.  also  nya-lhdg  and 
gag-Uvdg  are  mentioned.  According  to  the 
description,  however,  which  Tibetan  phy- 
sicians gave  us  of  the  Ihog-paj  it  seems  to 
denote  a  cancerous  ulcer,  against  which  they 
employ  the  Aconitum  ferox  of  Nepal,  or  in 
default  of  it  some  other  species  of  aconite. 

^T'  ^'i  &cl^'  vexation,  anger,  wrath (?); 
^  but:  ^Jhoh  sor  he  has  lost  the  lhon\  is 
said  of  one  who  was  not  equal  to  the  exer- 
tions of  incessant  meditation,  and  who  in 
consequence  has  lost  his  senses,  v.  sub 
smydn-pa, 

ajr-n-  Udd^a^  glod-pa^  lod-pa  or  -po,  Ihody 
^  '  Viod'po  1.  loose,  relaxed,  unstrung, 
slackened,  yan-ldg  of  the  limbs,  e.g.  when 
death  approaches  S.g. ,  ^zug-po  Idd-po  Si- 
wa*  W.  when  one  gets  tired  (one  cannot 
help  yawning).  Ihdd-pa  sgrim-pa  to  tighten 
what  is  loose,  Ihod  Ihod  ytoh-ba  to  slacken; 
fig.  *'d'ma  Idd'po*  W,  the  milk  begins  to 
fail,  milk  is  scarce.  —  2.  of  the  mind:  easy, 
careless,  unconcerned,  UM-de  nyol  Hg  sleep 
well!  sleep  soundly!  Glr,;  bio  Ihod  gyis4a 
sod  relate  the  matter  calmly,  coolly  MtL; 
ses-pa  Vhod'Hii  in  good  spirits,  of  a  cheer- 
ful temper  Pth.;  tabs  sig  yod-kyi  rgyal-po 
fugs  Ihod  Tndzod  there  is  yet  a  help;  there- 
fore, o  king,  be  of  good  cheer!  Pth. 

Uidn-pa,  gjj&n-pa  to  return,  to  give  or 

pay  back  Ck. 


f^^: 


U\' 


^  a 


IN 


i?r1f 


60S 


->i 


t^ 


MM  a,  1.  the  consonant  which  is  formed  in 
the  lowest  and  hindmost  part  of  the  or- 
gans of  speech,  being  produced  by  the 
opening  of  the  glottis,  like  the  Greek  spiritus 
lenis,  the  Hebrew  Aleph  and  the  Arabian 
Elif.  (In  our  modern  languages  the  opening 
of  the  glottis  is  not  regarded  as  a  consonant, 
nor  expressed  by  a  particular  letter  orsigji.) 
Combined  with  the  Tibetan  vowel -signs, 
t?J,  l?^,  ^j  ^,  6n,  it  is  pronounced  'a,  'i, 

\  V,  'o  (cf.  Q,).  It  is  also  called  skye-ba- 
m^d'pai  yi-ge^  probably  because  all  speak- 
ing depends  on  and  is  rendered  possible 
only  by  a  previous  opening  of  the  glottis; 
hence  this  letter  is  a  symbol  of  the  deity, 
of  the  cds-sku  that  was  before  every  thing 
else.  Spyan-raS'Zig^  therefore,  addresses  a 
celestial  Buddha  with  'a;  'a  skye-m^d  mam- 
dag  (foS'kyi  dbyihs,  —  2.  num. :  30. 
m*/Q*pN  *a  (^a?)  1.  in  Ld,  and  KJi,  the  col. 

^  ^  demonstr.  pron  ,  for  de  that  (q.v.); 
*'a-n^*from  thence,  there,'a-rM  there,  thither, 
that  way.  —  2.  LA.,  pronounced  very  short 
and  sharp,  well?  what  is  the  matter?  yes! 
here! 
m*.  *a  Cs.:  ^SsL:  ^,  a  mystical  exclama- 

*  tion'. 

tfTTr^ll^TO'P^  '^"^^  (^d'Ua?)  ace. to  Uv^  11, 
1^      I      M60='a.)oZA.aV,  ,      V 


Mk 


^^^  ^d'ka-ru  Cs,,  v.  'd-ga-ru, 
l?r^f^  'a-kd'la  Lf.,  Ssk :  untimely. 

^g^r-jfSr*  ^a-kron  an  alpine  plant,  in  Lh.  Are- 

^      nana  Roylea. 
BTFT?'     l?rP^  'a-fc-fe,  'a-/%  an  ex- 

'  '  '  '  '  clamation  expressive  of 
contempt  and  detestation,  opp.  to  ^d-la-la; 
ace.  to  Cs.  'a-Hag  is  also  adj.  =  mi-sdtcg'pa. 
t«r|n*  ^<^'^y  W'  "^Iso  ^a-kuy  col.  for  Ku-bo 

\^  1.  father's  brother,  uncle  Mil,  C,  W. 
—  2.  husband,  consort  W. 


y^-CT-x-  'd-ga-ru,  ^fl(%  aloe-WOOd,  agal- 

'       lochum,  calambac. 
MW'^teT  ^^'ffy^^  caressing  word  used  by 
^      mothers  soothing  their  babies,  prob. 
without  any  particular  signification  T/igy, 

^^^  'a-cug  ankle-bone  Lt 

^ '         ^  ^    pressive  of  pain  from  pold, 
hence  'a-cu-zer-ba  n.  of  one  of  the  cold 
hells. 
m-5-  '«-S?,  'a-^^,  Bal  ^a-U,  col.  for  ce-ze 

1.  an  elder  sister  of  a  female  per- 
son. —  2.  W.  wife,  mistress,  madam,  used 
as  address  and  otherwise. 
^^  'aid  a,  W.,  jo^o  C  {y.jd^bo)  1.  an 

elder  brother  of  a  male  person.  — 
2.  Sir,  Mr.,  gentleman,  lord,  used  in  addressing 
and  otherwise;  also  like  our:  friend!  ho  there! 
hollo!  I  say!  'a-^ho  lag  C.  the  Old  Squire,  = 
ga-gd  Ld, 

JJ^T^JT  '^^"^^  Ssk,,  pul'du'byun-ba  Tib,, 
^    '    n.  of  a  celebrated  Pandit  of  Bengal, 
who  lived  for  many  years  in  Tibet,  and  died 
there  in  the  eleventh  century  of  our  era. 

W^^  'a-fo-ba  beautiful,  good  Sch  (?). 

W^^^  'a-dogs  Sch.  table'(?) 

'a-d&n  Sch,:  'without  sexual  distinc- 
tion; sense  of  the  letter  'a'. 
m-rr»  'a-dHin  C.  horse-boy,  one  tending 

>3     hoiises. 
}%v^(^\  'd'na('na)  an  interjection   ex- 

^     '     pressive  of  grief  Sch, 
yy. -.gpj,^  ^a-na-ma-na  Sch, :  having  a  strik- 

'       '  ing  likeness  (?). 
t?r<gr  '^"^^  Hindi  man's  name,  also  used  in 

<,  Tibet  Glr. 
y^5w  'd-ne  1.  =  n^-ne-mo  father's  sister, 
^  aunt;  grand-aunt G^^n  —  2.  Cs,:  nun. 


-"W^ 


604 


BT^  'd-pa 


^ 


J^'^  'd-ra 


3.  W.  wife,  partner^  spouse,  ^'d-ne  Mr-^«* 
to  take  a  wife,  to  marry,  *(s)kyd'WO  ^d-ne 
hir  bog*  a  layman  is  at  liberty  to  marry; 
*'d-ne'la  cd-de*  to  treat,  to  use  as  a  wife, 
sensu  obsc.  =  to  sleep  with.  —  4,  a  woman, 
a  female.  —  5.  ScL  an  old  woman  (?). 
l?^'^'  'd'pa  =  ^d-pa. 

j^'-^  'a-po  tJ:  building  (=  *liar4hi*  W,\ 
*^d'po  gydb'pa*  to  construct  a  house, 
to  build. 
tfj'ig"  'd'pra  Sck,  zizel,  earless   marmot, 

^  souslik  {Spei^mophiltis  citillus). 
r«|-«-  ^d-pa,  ^d'pa  col.  tor  pa,  in  B.  of  rare 
occurrence;  *^d-pa  cen-po*  the  elder, 
^cun-nu*  the  younger,  of  the  husbands  of 
a  person's  mother,  hence  occasionally  = 
uncle;  *^d'pe  sa*  W.  a  vulgar  oath;  also 
(like  pa)  uncastrated  male  animal,  cf.  pa, 
J^^Z,'  'a-pO'/id  C.  col. :  I,  cf.  /co-bo-nd. 

w-^-  ^a-pyi  Mil,  *'«-?5/,  ^a-pi*,  iov pyi-mo 
^  grandmother. 

l?r^^'  'a-pi/hnoli  woman,  goody, dame iSc/^ 

Ifl'OTT  ^^-p'^^ff  Sch. :  the  bosom  of  a  gar- 
"^    '    ment,  'a-prdg-tu  sdu-ba  to  put  into 
the  bosom,  =  'am-bdg. 

^'2j'5' y  '«-M?«-dA«^^^*  V.  dhu'fi, 

y^,— -•  ^a-bah,  for  ban-pOy  the  husband  of 

the  fiither's  or  the  mother's  sister  6s. 

y«.^ -p  ^or-bi-sa  Ssk,:  'anti venomous',  n.  of 

^   a  medicinal  herb  Wdn. 
m-'^  'a-bo  1.  Sch,  "■  ^a-jo,  —  2.  a  medi- 
■  cine  S,g, 

y»-jj^  'a-bo-tseSch,:  *good,  tolerable,  mid- 
dling', cf.  Bun,:  eb-bo  good. 
MM-qqr  ^a-byag  and  'a-J^ras  names  of  me- 
^   '  dicines  Med, 

y^'51'  '^"^*^  ^^^'  ^^^  sometimes  in  B,  «= 
ma  mother;  *  ^d-me  sa*  a  vulgar  oath ; 
^d-ma  (/nTi-cew  so  a  king  addresses  a  wonder- 
working nun  Pth, 
yw'SI'q^^"  ^a-ma-gyis  Cs,  interj.,  prob.  simi- 

"^      lar  to  a-gyis, 
fyt-^-r-n'  ^a-mi-de-ba  the  usual  Tibetan 
^       corruption  of  ^ffiHTn?,  v.  ^od- 
dpag-m6d. 


l?J*^'  '^"^^^^  ^^'  ^^  mango  tree  and  -frail 
Q,^   Dzl. 

(j^-|>'r-  'a-mri'ta  (Ssk,  ism{  ambrosia;  also 
^  ^  various  fruits  etc.),  in  the  Lt  perk 
the  guava  fruit,  which  in  Hindoostani  is  nov 
called  amrut, 

UT^Y^'^i  'a-fea(-7?ia)  inteij.  expressive  of 
pain  by  touching  hot  objects  ScA. ; 
also  used  in  various  other  instances,  when 
disagreeably  surprised,  startled  etc.  bdag 
ma  grdUba  Jii  ^d-tsa-ma  alas!  I  am  not  yet 
released!  Thgr,;  ^ d-tsor-ma  yi-dwag% snyih 
re-rji  alas!  ye  poor  Yidags  folk!  MiL 
j^^'x:  'a-tsa-ra  Mil,  a  species  of  hob- 
goblins, or  spectres;  in  C.  a  Ben- 
galee, acc.toL<?M?.  The  observations  oillue 
(II,  271)  concerning  this  word  seem  to  be 
mixed  with  some  errors. 
l?f^'  '«-fe«^'i/«,  SsL  "mm^y  spiritual 
^  guide  or  father,  instructor,  professor, 
doctor. 

^yr^Y^'N  'a-fsa(-^a)  an  interj.  expre^ng 
discomfort  occasioned  by  heat 
(jU'Sl^i:^  'a-mfsa?'  Sch,:  oh  dear,  what  a 
wonder ! 

yM'tf-T*  'd'dza-Tia  Wdn,,  ^d-dzi-na  Stg^ 
^rf^  Will:  the  hairy  skin  of  a 
black  antelope,  which  serves  the  religious 
student  for  a  couch,  seat,  covering  eic; 
Tibetan  writers  use  it  for  the  animal  itself: 
n-dwags  ^d-dzi-^ai  pdgs-pa  Stg, 
l?r(3C'  '^'^^^  1-  col.  for  hdh'po  mother's 
'  brother,  *^a''lan'fsd'Wo*  nephew.  — 
2.  Cs.:  'an  address' (?). 

1?^'^*  ^d-wa  a  medicinal  herb  S,g,f 

IM'QE'  'a-irarte,  ^d-barta{-na)  Ssk.  (Vhirl, 
Q^  ^  whirlpool,  eddy')  a  disease  of  the 
7'lun,  q.v.;  perh.  dizziness?  Med. 
jj^n^'  ^ctu-tsi  1.  Sch,:  it  is  of  no  conse- 
^  quence,  it  does  not  matter.  —  2. 
n.  of  a  plant  =  bya-po-tsi-tsi,  c/t-A  '  ■ -^  "^ ' 
M^'W'^'^^'  '^  "  y^  *  -^^^^  "  ^^  dead-nettle 
-^      '  Med, 

^'V^'  'a-yu  C,  (=  Icu-yu)  homless,  of  cattle. 
I?r^  'd-ra  beard  Ts.  ccdL.  ^   . 


!:&"% 


S^uioc 


l«-^' 

^  ^ 


W 


605 


l?^5J'^(3r  ^am-han 


IfT^'  'tf-7'<!  fliW.  a  saw. 

tfr^'0'^'<3r  '^"^^P^"^^"^^  ^  mystical  and 

'   symbolical  word,  Was.  (183) 
Tfr^TT  ^^"^^[fy  ve^if.  hhes-rdg  C,  ^don-rdg 
'    W.,  arrack,  brandy,  the  usual  bar- 
ley-brandy, which  18  distilled  in  the  con- 
vents and  in  nearly  every  manor-house. 
MH-x'  ^d-ru  1.  prob.  /SsA.  a  medicinal  plant, 

^  Med.  —  2.Yra. 
TXf'X';^'  'a-j'M-^'a  myrobalan,  an  astringent 

medicinal  fruit  Med,  £rq. 
™.-^.  ^a-Tum  a  species  of  garlic,  with  a 
pale-red  blossom,  Allium  strictum. 
f99-x'  ^cL-re  an  inter),  the  meaning  of  which 
is  stated  differently,  MY.;  ^a-repahs 
well  then!  throw  it  away! 
^gvXm^^a-^'^g  ScL:  =  rogs-po^  grogs,  com- 
'  panion,  mate,  fellow,  comrade,frlend; 
^a^og-Uya  or  gya  Sch,:  'a  complimentary 
phrase  or  form  of  salatationM^!y«"    ,    [ 

UTOrfOy^  '^"^('^^)  ^^^'^  ^^^  ^dl'la  id. 
^  ^  inteij.  expressive  of  joyful  sur- 
prise: aye,  ah,  that  is  capital!  des-na  'cf- 
la-la  well,  that  is  excellent  or  splendid  in- 
deed! MiL;  also  adjectivdy:  *de  san  di  'a- 
la-la*  W,  this  is  much  better  than  that! 
»«f.§V  ^d'li  the  Tibetan  vowels,  ^d-li-kd-li 
r\  the  series  of  the  vowels  together  with 
the  consonants;  ^a-preh  id. 

l?|'S|-  'a-li  a  Kttle  C. 

l?rS|'p^'y  'a-li-Kug-ta  a  SwallOW  Cs. 

l?I'(^  'a-Zti/i  ScA.  buckle,  clasp  (?). 

IfrSjc;'  'a-W/i  a  ring. 

Ifl'^^'  'a-^dd  v.  sub  ytum-mo. 

^4X  'cL-m  apricot. 

I?|'^"m'  ^a-hO'kan.  of  a  tree  and  of  a  king. 

l?r?4$J'  '^^^^  ^^^**  *  ^'^^^'^  sauce  or  broth, 
soup ;  'a-shydr  a  thin  broth. 

^5r  '^"^'***  f^^  sru-mo  aunt  /ScA. 

^j^q™Q,.p,,  ^a-ysdl-la  adv.  openly,  manifest- 
'  ly,  publicly,  =  mnonrsum-du. 


f«rK'K-  ^a-ha'-hd  inteij.  expressing  joy, 

'   '    pleasure,  satisfaction. 
l^'^y^'  ^a-ho^S  yea,  nay  even  (?). 

W^'^  'dg-po  bad  C. 

BWT^  'ajr-feg'if(?Zia^^(iarac/i^a,lhe*neem' 
'  of  Anglo-Indians,  an  imporjtant  re- 
medy for  cutaneous  diseases.  ^"^  ^"^^  Mi-v  r 
MMqr j?j;r  ^ctg-fsdm  Glr.,  'og-fsdm  ScL^  resp 
'  ial'fs&m  Pth,,  beard  of  the  chin, 
chin-tufL 

mr-  ^an  1.  sbst.  =  ^domsf  ^dii-^ta,  ^dn-ras 
loin-cloth  C,  W,\  'an-fufl  under-gar- 
ment,  y^n^jjv^  (hence  also  to  be  used  for  shirt 
and  shift);  'a/i-?'a^  trowsers,  breeches  PtJi. 
—  2.  inter}.:  well  then!  now  then!  well!  in 
French:  eh  bien!  at  the  beginning  of  a 
speech  also  ^dn^e,  ^dh-ke^  ^dh-kiy  MiL,  with- 
out any  regard  to  rank. 
yHj^'ft-  'dii-gi  or  'd/i-H,  Ssk  i|f^,  figure, 
'  number,  cipher,  also  ^ah-^grans^  ^ah-- 
yig  Cs, ;  the  last  word,  ace.  to  others,  means 
secret  characters,  cryptography. 
l?|C'srra|'  'an-gu-K  Ssk.  finger  Do. 

U^C;*ft^'Q^^]'  'cLn-rgar-jig  ace.  to  Leic. 

'  '  English,  Ed.  angrezi. 

MMT'sj'^  'an-ma-tsi  Sch.  flies,  winged  in- 
sects. 
J?\^  'an  W.  white  Chalk. 

m^^r*  'aTir-stohMed.,  Sch.:  cervical  ver- 

'5     tebra. 

yHx-qj?^  'an-ydos  C:  stocks,  ^'an-dg-la 

J'^O'P^*  ^  P^*  (*  person)  into 
the  stocks. 

tf|<T-qM-  'an-jldrC.  1.  board,  plank,  deal. 

*      '     —  2.  IcagS'kyi  'an-jddr  Cs.  an 

iron  instrument  of  torture;  ace.  to  Thgy. 

a  kind  of  press. 

m^j-^^-  'andra-myi'la  Lea.,  corrupted 

^  ^       form  for  Hndra-ni-la. 

IflSJ'^     l^ISl'qcrr  *'«^-%.  'am-bag* 
' '  '   col.  C.  for  ima-mcog, 

snam-h*ag  ear;  bosom. 
™™— -•  ''am-ban  a  Chinese  resident,  Chi--^^  ^ 

'  nese  superior  civil  officer,  in  the 
chief  cities  and  provincial  towns  of  the  tri- 
butary countries  of  China.  ^»^^  =  7\  R.!  -  A 


-bo 


/  \ 


t"         ■  .  ^ 

606 


^ 


^ 


'   marble.  —  2.  plaster-floor  made  of 
pulverized  marble  and  oil,  also  *'a-Ml* 

y^^'^wr  *a^  -  ffon  an  offspring  of  parents 

'  '  not  having  the  same  rank,  nor  the 

same  religion,  and  not  belonging  to  the 

same  nation  Ld.  So.  U»^  .  XCo-rto  'p/x?  T 

U^'dpl'   ^'^ff^V^  S^^^'  •  ^l^e  offering  of  sacri- 
'  fices' ;  Will. :  ^^  respectful  offering 
to  a  god  or  Brahman. 

jl^g-m-  "ar-dza-ka  Ssk,  Sck:  COtton^/ar- 
dza-kai  ddg-pa  Glr.  cotton-cf^ulc. 
(This  signification  is  not  to  be  found  in  our 
SijA.-dictionaries.) 

(j^^'OI'STK^N-q-  'dr4a  ytdd-pa  Sch. :  *to  be 
reduced  to  extremities,  to 
extreme  misery'  (?). 

y^^^S^'  '^^'y^^9  Sch. :  'the  one  half  of  a 
'   pair,  e.g.  one  eye',  =  ya-yNg. 
IflOre*  "^'dUta*  (for  da-lta)  Bal  1.  now,  at 

^  present  —  2.  to-day. 
^S^0\  ^d'  '^^"^'h  *  Oil' tin-la  kur-ie^  W,  to 

^      carry  something  bulky  tied  up  in 
the  girdle. 

(J^aj''S^  ll^f2^'S^  'aZ-^o',  'aZ-feJ  earthen  kit- 
^  ^  chen-pot  Ld, 

W^'0\'  'aUa  V.  'a-Za-Za. 

^fJ'^5'  '«swa  -  gar  -  bha,  Tar. :  n6r  -  hu 

^    '^   asma-gar-bJia  Schf.:  emerfild, 
j^  '^  1.  beer,  =  can,  C.  —  2.  vulgar  pro- 
nunciation of  dbijiy  *yi*y  the  lynx.  —  3. 
num.:  60. 

I^-pqcn-  '«'-/%,  'ig,  W.  hiccough,  sob,  *V-/-«y 
ND  '  ^oVe-waro^f*!  have  gotthe hiccough, 
^H'Kug  gyab  dug*  he  hiccoughs. 

l?J<3;-9fq-  'indra-go-pa,  |;q5TTt^,  cochineal  ; 
5    '       yet  among  the  substances  devot- 
ed to  a  costly  Chodten  it  is  mentioned  as 
one  of  the  five  divine  jewels  Glr,  7. 

7^(3; -"^ai'  'indranl'la  sapphire  {Sdi,:  emer- 
^^qI       aid?). 

l?I'  \  num.:  90. 

^*  5^qr  ''i^''CU9'>  with  *cd-r6*  W.  to  persuade, 
Aj>         '   e.g.  to  buy  something. 


ND  ND  merata)  in  Tibetan  literature  a 

fabulous  lotos  of  immense  size. 
y^^»  ^u-ma  Ssk.,  prob.  also  spelled  dbu- 

ND       ma,  n.  of  the  wife  of  Siwa  (Darga, 
Kali  etc.). 

l?r^^'  'U'fsugs  Sell.  =  'w-%. 

U^'ffi^  '^-^ffy^^  ^'  also  'odtyana  Cs,,  (not 
N5  ^i^  '  mentioned  in  Ssi.  dictionaries),  often 

written  in  the  abbreviated  form  §^5l  a  &■ 

bulous  country  in  the  north-west  of  India 
(though  Cs,  supposes  it  to  be  Ujain),  fre- 
quently represented  as  a  kind  of  paradise.— 
2.  now  a  noun  personal  of  frq.  occurrence; 
'U'7'gyan'padma  v.  padma-Jbyun-^^nds. 

y^^'S?f  'tig-cds  n.  of  a  remedy  Med. 
J^Zmy  'un-gu  oil-lamp  C.     •       .   --  ^^v. 

l?^'^'^',    l?I^'^'^'  'utrpanla,  'ud'pa-la 
^'         '     >o  '  a  blue  lotos  which  is 

also  used  for  medicinal  purposes.  In  LA. 
this  name  seems  to  be  transferred  to  Pok- 
monium  caeruleum, 

lM<3ri^^  'wn  fug  v.  ^u-fug, 

m^-  ^um  a  kiss,  *'um  jor-wa  or  gydg-pa* 

ND     to  kiss  C. 
j^X^gr  'ur-^rgya  a  warm  meal- porridge ;  fer- 

N3    >J  menting  dough  C. 

IM^'r^  ^r-rdo  v.  ur-rdd, 
U^^'^'  'ur-ba  v.  dbtir-ba. 
l^a^'Q^  VZ-/ay  col.  for  yyuUjdg. 

M^  V  1.  in  C,  and  later  literature,  an  in- 
terrogative, pronounced  short,  accented, 
and  usually  put  immediately  before  the  vb. 
or  the  pron.  which  stands  in  the  place  of 
the  vb.:  ^de-mo  i  yd**?  do  you  feel  well.'' 
are  you  well?  are  you  getting  on  well?  Bfed 
dan  ^e  ^prad  mi  ^es  I  do  not  know  whether 
I  shall  see  you  again  Mil. ;  V  nus  mi  nas 
whether  we  shall  be  able  or  not  Mil]  rarely 
for  even  if,  though,  although,  V  sus  kyah  m 
ivb-na  though  nobody  is  really  able  to  do 
it.  — 2.  num.:  120. 


^'^' 


^ 


607 


e-nya-ya 


^dm    (/I 


jj^A-y^-  'e-^ya-ya,  'e-na-ya,  Ssk.  jp^,  a  fa- 
^       bulous  black  antelope  with  short 
legs  and  black  eyes. 

M^^-  ^e-ma^  ^e-ma^d^  ^e-ma-M  inter),  ex- 
pressing joy,  surprise,  astonishment, 
hey!  hey  day!  indeed!  you  don't  say  so!  in 
asking,  beseeching,  requesting  a  person's 
attention:  please,  pray,  I  say;  or  expressive 
of  lamentation,  compassion:  alas!  Oh!  would 
to  God!  0  dear!  e.g.:  'd-^^i  s^vis-can  snyin- 
re-rjd  alas,  the  poor  people !  Glr. 
g^-^-  'e-^-am^  Ssk  nj^^  yes,  certainly,  to 

^  be  sure  Wdk  and  elsewh. 
Mn';^m-  'e-ra-ka  Cs.:  ^n.  of  a  country,  Irak? 
'  Chaldaea?'  (In  Ssk.  it  denotes  a 
sort  of  grass,  or  a  woollen  carpet.) 
jS^Or  ^e-lay  Ssk,  TJ^,  V-Za  pi'd-mo  Wdn, 
small  cardamoms,  seed  of  Electetna 
Cardamomum, 

t£)x-^-  'in-tsam  a  little,  some,  a  small  bit, 
^^  t7andJ5. 

l?}<3j'^'  'en-ri  quick,  fast,  speedy  Sch. 
l?}(3jd^^'  ^en-^ddr  v.  ^an-Jiar, 

B^3^'^'  '^"^'  'aw-a  (Turkish  word)  phy- 
sician W. 

^^^  'ir-ka  a  V.  'dr-ka. 
0^'  'o  1.  for  ?^^o  a  kiss,  i^A. — 2.num.:  150. 
ll^^TI^'  'O'dkdr  W.  =  Ikog-dkor^  v.  Ikog-ma. 
BN'/^*^<3r  ^o-4i-ydn  v.  ^u-rgydn, 

Q(t^-  'dndra,  ^Y>3f  O^ra^  the  northern  part 
5   of  Orissa,  ^dk 

^W^  'o-mo-su  (Mongol  word)  stocking  C. 
ir-  ^o-ldoh^  'o'ddii^  col.  *V-5o*  Cs.,  wind- 


pipe; *'o'le*  W.  throat;  *'o-fe'  rfa?/i-^^ 
«i  so7t*  he  is  suflTocated. 
Q(rJ5r  'd'h  (Mongol  word?)  Sch,:  the  place 
where  two  rivers  flow  together,  the 
confluence  of  two  rivers. 

^'3T  'o-r<72/a7i  =  ^u-rgydn  Pth, 

^  &m^  Ssk,  isitr^^,  mystical  interjection,  in 

J^  ^  laterHindooism  the  symbol  of  the  Hindoo 

triad,  in  as  much  as  it  consists  of  the  three 


sounds,  a(Yishnu),  u  (Shiva),  and  m  (Brah- 
ma). This  intcjjection  frequently  occurs  in 
the  prayers  of  the  northern  Buddhists  of 
Tibet,  and  especially  in  the  famous  *six- 

o 

syllable  prayer',  '^^'^'^^^'^\  ^^^  ^w^^- 

nipad-7ne  lium^  the  literal  version  of  which 
is:  ^0  thou  jewel  in  the  lotus,  humV  The 
person  addressed  in  these  words  is  not  Bud- 
dha, but  Spyan-ras-yzigs  (v.  spy  an);  by 
some  he  is  thought  to  be  the  author  of  them. 
Concerning  the  import  of  this  short  apo- 
strophy  the  best  information  is  to  be  found 
Kapp.  II,  59—61.  —  The  Tibetans  them- 
selves are  ignorant  of  the  proper  sense  of 
these  six  syllables,  if  sense  at  all  there  be 
in  them,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that  some 
shrewd  priest  invented  this  form  of  prayer, 
in  order  to  furnish  the  common  people  with 
a  formula  or  symbol,  easily  to  be  retained 
by  the  memory,  and  the  frequent  recital  of 
which  might  satisfy  their  religious  wants. 
And  though  there  may  be  no  obvious  mean- 
ing in  such  exclamations  or  prayers,  yet 
their  efficacy  is  sure  to  be  firmly  believed 
in  by  a  people,  whose  practical  religion 
chiefly  consists  in  the  performance  of  cer- 
tain rites  and  ceremonies,  in  a  devout  ve- 
neration of  their  Lamas,  combined  with 
frequent  oblations  to  them,  in  abstaining 
from  gross  sins  (regarding  even  the  killing 
of  live  animals  as  such),  and  in  the  Pra- 
dakshina  (v.  skor-ba  2).  —  The  numerous 
attempts  that  have  been  made  to  explain 
the  Ommanipadmehum  satisfactorily,  and  to 
discover  a  deeper  sense  or  even  a  hidden 
wisdom  in  it,  have  proved  more  or  less  un- 
successful. The  most  simple  and  popular, 
but  also  the  flattest  of  these  explanations 
is  derived  from  the  purely  extrinsic  circum- 
stance, that  the  Sanskrit  words  of  the  prayer 
consist  of  six  syllables,  and  accordingly  it 
is  suggested,  that  each  of  these  syllables, 
when  pronounced  by  a  pious  Buddhist,  con- 
veys a  blessing  upon  one  of  the  'six  classes 
of  beings'.  —  The  conjecture  with  which 
Kopp,  closes  his  disquisition,  is  certainly 


608 


l^m%  '6' a-hum 


W 


Q^^^g^ 


08'COS 


l3^:^ 


noUuDg  but  a  smart  thought  of  that  learned 
author. 

•  0' a-hum,  another  mystical  formula, 
^  used  e.  g.  for  transforming  the  mi^ 
ytsdn-ba  bcu  into  bdud-rtd^  v.  the  expla- 
nation given  under  nan-mcdd. 
Q5j. -^— -J,  'o'fsugs  Sch. :  propping  one's  chin 


tjrfr-(5*  'on-ld  W.  resp.  for  'a,  at  your  ser- 
vice! at  your  commands ! 


S^'Spj"  'on-log  ptarmigan  Sch. 

Q^^Fj*  'om-mdg  throat  and  chest  Sch. 

QqQj-g;j-  'ol-maC.  throat,  windpipe,  =  W- 
Idon;  ^^dl-ma  ddm-te  s^-pa*  to 
strangle,  throttle;  ^oUrko^  ^oUgohy  ^ol-kroh 
id.,  or  ace.  to  others  =  'ol-mdtid  the  fore- 
part of  the  larynx. 

S^5T^  'm-8^,  also  *6'ku*  C,  the  chin,  resp. 
^   zcHnko, 
Q^rr-qr  'on-gu'B,  lamp,  'on-rds  the  wick  of     Q(f5;|-3g5;f  'os-hs  Ts.  *o-  co*  Pedicularis 
^J   <L  inmr^ /"/  Hookertatia. 


on  both  fists,  ^o-fsugs  mdzad  Mil. 

S^W  'og-rgyd  beard;  'og-fsum^^'ag-fsdm. 

Q(p7I'5I'  'og-ma  throat,  neck,  =  Ikdg-ma;  'og- 
'       ^d  a  beautiful  white  neck,  a  'milk- 
neck'  Glr. ;  ^og-skd  prob.  ==  'ossko  Med. 


a  lamp  C. 


ENGLISH-TIBETAN  VOCABULARY. 


30 


English-Tibetan  Vocabulary. 


The  figures,  here  and  there  attached  to  Tibetan  words,  refer  to  the  page  where  the  respective  article  is  to 
be  found.  —  The  accent  is  marked  only  when,  exceptionally,  it  rests  on  the  last  syllable  of  a  word. 


A,  An,  article  big  140. 

Abandon  skyur-ba^  spon-ba;  Jyor-ba. 

Abate  H-ha, 

Abbot  mUarirpo, 

Abdomen  ?aZ,  esp.  aku-cdl. 

Ability  ntcS'pa;  f^al. 

Ablative  case  Jbyuh-kuns, 

Able wAfos-pa;  to  be  —  Jiyvd-pa*^  Icogs-pa; 

nyan-pa;  fub-pa]  ntis-pa;  pod-pa;  ^fsugs- 

pa-y  heS'pa. 
Ablution  Knis. 
Abode  mciS'bi'dn ;  Jtug-ynas;  ^dug-sd ;  ynas 

(-<^an);  yzi-ma. 
Abolish  ojio-pa;  snub-pa. 
Abortion  shpir-ma\  mnal rltcgs-pa. 
Aboundingr^as-pal09,  mod-po^  ^dzom- 


About  isamr-na,  tsa-na]  round  —  v.  pyogs 

352;  to  be  —  ^a-ba  152;  ias-pa. 
Above  adv.  aten-na;  bla;  yaUy  yan-la  506; 

prep.fo-Tia,  lia-7*u,  Ua-la^  Uar  M\  gon-du\ 
Itag-naSy  Itag]  fog-tu. 
Abridge  sdvd-pa. 
Abridgment  zin-bris. 
Abroad  v.  byes;  to  go  -  byes-su  ^ro-ba. 
Abscess  hc-bur;  j'oL 
Absolutely  bis-ki/an;  ga-na-med. 
Abstinence  d^e-ba\  fsod-ses-pa  ^% 
Abundant  Ungs, 
Abuse  s.  (reviling  words)  shir-pa  23;  vb.a. 

(to  revile)  shir  ^debs-pa  (byed-pa;  smra- 

ba) ;  dma  J?ab-pa ;  smad-pa. 
Abyss  btson-don;  yyan-sa. 
Academy  ytsug-lag-Icdn. 
Accept  oledrpay  bles-pa;  len-pa. 
Acceptable,  to  be  —  ^^od-^a. 
Access  ^ro-sa;  v.  also  yton-ba  208  and 

mjal-ba  173. 


Accident  rkyen ;  unfortunate   -  ^al-rkyin ; 

fatal  —  bar- cad;  byur^  byus, 
A  c  c  o  mp  a  n  y  skyel-ba ;  zla-bo  byed-pa. 
Accomplish  \.  grub-pa;  com-pa;  »pyod- 

pa;  rtsom-pa. 
Accomplisned  pul-tu  byun-ba  344. 
Accomplishment  rtsal;  yon-tan  bl6. 
Accord,  Accordance  oCaw-pa. 
According  to  *na/?-tor'^  W.  C:  dan  sbyar- 

Account  s.  rtsiSy  h-rgyits  113;  ynas-tsul;    ^^^ 

on  —  of  V.  rkyen;  ced-du;  pyir;  slad-du,  [c  i  • 
Account  vb.  a.  rtsis  byed-pa  {^debs-pa^ 

gyah-pd). 
Accountant  rtsis-pa. 
Accumulate  spun-ba. 
Accurate  Hb-pa, 
Accusation,  false  —  snyad. 
Accuse  ^el-ba ;,  rgol-ba. 
Accustomed  goms-pa;  ^dris-pa;  to  be  — 

^dris-pa. 
Ache  vb.  n.  7ia-ba. 
Acid,  Acidity  skyur-ba, 
Acknowl  edge  Rojs  len-pa;  frq.only  smra- 

bay  zer-ba  etc. 
Aconite  boii-ha. 
Acquaintance  (friend)  iio-Us, 
Acquainted,  to  be  —  bUs-pa. 
Acquiesce  ]\0-  tag  ybod  -  pa ;  mi  rgol-ba ; 

dah-du  len-pa. 
Acquitted,  to  be  -  rgyal-ba. 
Across  vredy  ^pred. 
Act  vb.  byedpa;  spyod-pa;  bgyid-pa;  to  — 

the  part  of  oyed-pa. 
Action  spyod-pa;  bya-ba;  las;    former 

actions  snon-lds. 
Action  (law-suit)  KrimSy  sags  W.  51. 
Activity  spyod-pa. 


612 


Actual  —  Ancestor 


Actual  nes-pa-can ;  no-^i^tdg ;  ydn-dag-pa. 

Actually  yzi-nas. 

Acute  mO'ba, 

Adage  Uordpe, 

Add  snon-pa;  sre-ba^  lyes-su  Jtig-pa;  v. 

^odrpa. 
Addict,  to  —  one's  self  sten-pa. 
Adduce  V.  mf son-pa  and  dpe. 
Adequate  ^rig-pa\  mfun-pa. 
Adhere  Jbyor-ba^  Jryar-ba'j  ynas-pa. 
Adherent  pyog8'pa\  ^dzin-pa. 
Adieu  "f'Pyir-pyag  347. 
A  d  i  b  u  d  d  h  a  ^7^-/l;^  4. 
A  d j  u 8 1  sbyor-ba;  sgrig-pa ;  ^god-pa. 
Admit  yton-ba]  leas  len-pa. 
Admonish  skul-ba. 

Admonition  bskul-ba, bskul-ma^ bslab-bya. 
Adolescent  s.  Uyeu, 
Adore  mos-pa. 
Adorn  V.  o^od-pa;  syron-pa;  brgyan-pa; 

spra-ba. 
Ad  ult  s.  ce-mi^  nar  son^a  298. 
Adulterate  stad-pa. 
Adulterer  har-po^  adulteress  «ar-77M). 
Adultery,  to  commit  —  v. ^v^-pa  177,  byi 

byed'pa\  yyem  byed-pa. 
Advantage  don;  bogs;  J^yer-so;  rgyal-Kaj 

Ua-rgydl. 
Adversary  'pa-rol-po. 
Advice  bka-yddms;  Ha-bsgos;  Ka-fa,  Ma- 

yddms;  gros;  y dams-pa;  jiun-ma;  man- 
nag;  to  ask  —  bgro-oa. 
Advise  y dam-pay  ^dom-pa. 
Adviser  bka-yda7ns-pa. 
Affair  don. 
Affect  bhos-pa  147. 
Affection  iags-pa;  byams-pa^  byams-sems; 

brtse-ba. 
Affectionate  brtse-ba-han. 
Affix  sbyor-ba. 

Affliction  sdug-pa;  mya-ndn;  fser-ka  W, 
Afore- said  siia-ma. 
Afraid,  to  be  —  skrdg-pa^  dnaii-ba;  ^igs- 

pa;  baa  fsa-ba;  bred-pa. 
After  adv.  rgyab-tu;  pyi  349;  ^og;  slad-na. 
After  prep.^^,  ^og;  slad;  rtih;  mfar;  nas. 
After-birth  sa-ma. 
Afterwards  ryes-la^  r)es-su;  rtin-du;  de- 

nas;  pyin-cdd;  pyis;  pyi-bhln;  slad-nas; 

slar. 
Again  'Sedrdu;  pyir;  slar;  yan;  —  and  — 

yan-nas  yan-du. 
Age  na-fsddy  na-so;  dus. 
Aged  rgad-pa;  to  be  —  rga-ba. 
Agent  byed(-pa)-pOy  byed-^nKan;  fsab-po^ 

resp.  sku-fsab, 
Agressor  sna-rgol. 
Agility  byag-pa. 
Agio  non-ka;  par;  ^dza. 


Agitate  dkrug-pa;  skyod-pa;  shfom-pa; 

sgul-ba;  to  be  agitated  ^^gul-ba;  ^Brug-pa. 
Agitation  Urag-J{rugs. 
Ago  snun-la;  long  —  snormo-nas. 
Agony  yHn-^as;  kon-Jcrugs;  sems  k'on- 

du  Jsiid-pa, 
Agree  ^gri^-pa;  Jcam-pa;  stun-pa;  mfun- 

pa. 
Agreeable  daa-J)a;  yid-du  ^on-ba. 
Agreement  lia- cdd,  resp.  zal- 'Sdd;  gan- 

rgyd;  cad,  ^ad-so;  Jlam-pa;  bzan. 
Agriculture  80-ndm(8), 
Ague  fsad-paindd;  tsan-zug  W. 
Aims.  ^O'sa  102;  Jben. 
Aim  vb.  zir-ba ;  v.  ytod-pa  no.  3. 
Air  (atmospheric  air)  nd-ra;  nod;  rim; 

cold  —  ncld. 
Air  (tune)  mgur,  gluy  dbyans. 
Air  (mien)  wo,  ydon. 
Alabaster  /ia-ma-ru;  fod-le-kdr, 
Alas  kye-ma. 
Alienism  ^gron. 
Alight  J>ah-pa^  resp.  yhoUba, 
Alive  yson-po. 
All  kun;  v.  gah;  fams-cdd;  mtd-dag,  had; 

yohs;  —  right!  tsah-^grig;  —  seeing  hm- 

yzigs;  —  uniting  kun^^dtis;  not  at  —  isam 

ftan  mi  (ma) ;  ye  mi  (ma), 
legory  jdra-dpe, 
A\\o vf  ynan-ba;  to  be  -ed  cog-pa,  run-ha. 
Almanac  lo-td. 
Almighty  kun-dban. 
Almond  ba-ddm. 

Alms  Idom-bu;  slon-mo;  bsodsnydms. 
Alone  yHg,  ycig-ycig,  ytig-pu,  yctg-po. 
Along  with  ior-la. 
Alphabet  ka-pren,  ka-Ud;  ka-U  2. 
Alpine  pastures  neu-ysin;  ne-fan  C. 
Also  yah  505. 

Altar  mcod-sUgs,  m^od-Kri, 
Alter  sgyur-ba;  spo-ba. 
Alteration  ^gyur-ba. 
Although  yah  505. 
Altogether  kun^yohs-su. 
Alum  Ua-ru-^a;  Ue-myah-fsd, 
Always  rgyun-du;  rtag-tu;  nam  yah. 
Amalgam  gyim-bdg. 
Ambassador  po-nya. 
Amber  spos-sd. 
Ambitious  grays -pa-la  cags-pa;    mfon- 

dod-dan. 
Ambush  v.  (lkog-)^ab. 
Amendment  iu-ddg^  h4S-ddg, 
Among  nan,  nah-na  301 ;  Iob  546. 
Amusement  yyeh-rtsM, 
Analogy  v.  dpe. 
Anasarca  pags-cu. 
Anatomy  tus-kyi  ynas-lugs. 
Ancestor  pa-mes,  mes-po;  brgyud. 


Ancient  — 

Ancient  sna-ba;  —  ly  sna-sor;  snon-dus. 

And  cUm  248;  v.  also  Hn  140. 

Angel  po-nya  345. 

Anger  Uro-ha;  Kon-hro]  Mon-^a;  sro,  resp. 

fuffS'Sro  W. ;  ke-sdan. 
Angle  arwa  75;  gru. 
Angry  Tiro-ba^  Kro-bo,  kro-mo ;  to  be  —  ^Kro- 

ba*^  sdan^ba. 
Angular  ztU-ma. 
Animal  s.  dud-^gro]  srog-cdgs. 
Animated  being  s^rog-Udgs'^  serm-ban. 
Animosity  Jean, 

Annals  l(y-rgyu^\  —  of  the  kings  rgyal-rdbs. 
Annihilate  vied-par  byed-pa;  to  be  anni- 
hilated med-par  ^^gyur-ba. 
Annotation  mcan^u. 
Announce  Ion  sgyur-ba-^  sbr&n-pa]  pinn 

smra-ba;  hes-par  byed-pa. 
Annoy  Jian-ba\  snog-pa;  sun  ojiuf-pa. 
Annually  h-ltar^  lo  aan  lo. 
Anoint  skud-pa;  bsgo-ba;  ^bgyg-pa. 
Another  bdag-med;  yhan-ma. 
Answer  vb.  ian  ^debs-pa. 
Ant  gre-mog-Jm^  grog-ma. 
Antagonist  ^fah-ya*^  pa-roUpa  (or  p6). 
Antelope  dgo-ba-,  the  Tibetan  —  ytsod^ 

btsod,  yteo.     5^^?  *       ,.^.   ,  ti  "' ^. 
Antidote  ynyen-po. 
Antipathy  ^en-tdg. 
Antiquity  ma-dm,  8ha-ba\  snon-fsi^  sion- 

dtiSy  siion-rabs. 
Anus  rkub ;  y^an^  y^an-lca ;  bsan-ldm. 
Anxiety  *Uog-fu^\  col.  nyanis-ria. 
Anxious  (sems)  Uoii-du  cud- pa*,   v.  also 

bag-fsa. 
Any  V.  gait  65;  ~  one  gah  kig;  —  thing  H 

itgy  H-yaii]  —  whatever  ^an. 
Apathy  btan-snyoms',  byar-mM, 
Aperture  sgo\  bu-ga. 
Apostle  misnd. 
Apothecary's  shop  sman-Kan, 
Apparition  snah-ba',  ial-yzigs. 
Appear  JSar-ba\  ston-pai  snan-ba]  J>yuh' 

ba\  yod-par  ^gyur-ba. 
Appearance  Jyer-so;  ca-bydd^  ca-lugs] 

cos;  snan-fsul. 
Appease  ^bar  byed-pa. 
Appendix  /caskon. 
Appertain  ytogs-pa. 
Appetite  Kam\  dan-ga.  -^ 
Apple  ku'^u;  sli;  —  of  the  eye  spyan-^bras. 
Application  J}ad-pa;  brtson-^ffrus. 
Apply  bkan-pa]  to  —  one's  self  brtson-pa. 
Appoint  akul-ba;  sko-ba;  ogd-ba;  ^col-ba; 

Jug-pa. 
Apprehend  ycags-pa ;  dogs-pa. 
Apprentice  mcan-bu. 
Approach  vb.  Kad-pa ;  nye-  ba ;  bsny  en-pa. 
Approach  s.  ^gro-sa. 
Approve  b^ed-pa. 


Assiduous  613 

oj,-. ■,.•■-  — '^- -•  ■'-  ■ 

Appurtenance  r^2/w-?a;  — ssAor, 
Apricot  Uam'bu\  hi-li,  co-li\  dried  —  hi- 

li  C.y  pa-tin  W.\  mna-ris  Kam-bu  C. 
Apron  dun-Zcebs,  pan-Kebs. 
Aqueduct  yur-ba. 
Arch  yzu,yhi-mo. 
Archer  ^pon-mUan\  —y  ^poiu 
Architect  rtstg-dpdn. 
Archives  yig-fsdn. 

A  rea  v.dkyil-Ji'or-,  Uyon^rgya-Kydn*,  cu-zeh. 
Argali  ynyan. 
Argue  bgro-ba^  rtsod-pa. 
Argument  mnon-rtdgs\  rtags. 
Arise  skye-ba\  Jtor-ba\  Jliruh-ba\  cogs-pa-, 

Idan-ba. 
Arm  lag{-pa\  resp.  fyag. 
Armful  lag-kod]  v.  also^aw. 
Armour  go-lh^db;  go-ca. 
Armpit  mcan-Kun. 
Arms  mfson,  mfson-ca,  Jab-gi^abs. 
Army  dpun\  dmag;  dmag-dpun. 
Aroma  nad. 
Aromatic  riad-can. 
Arrange  sging-pa^  jog-^a\  ytan-la  Jbebs- 

pa205. 
Arrangement  grabs \  rgyu\  ynas-lugs. 
Arrive  sleb-pa;  Jbyon-pa\  Jbyor-ba. 
A  rrogance  na-rgyal;  fto-so.    ^^v '  ^  ^  * 
Arrovf  Tnda.        t(^^^/rw'    ^     ' 
Arsenal  go-Udn. 
Arsenic  ba-bla. 
Art  sgyu-rtsdl;  bzo. 
Artery  rtsa-dkdr\  rlun-rtsa. 
Artifice  sgyu. 
A  rt  i  fi  ci  a  1  Wo8-pa. 
Artist  bzo-pa. 
A  s  (like)  Uar\  bhn-du;  (when)  v.  cin  140; 

na  299;  pas  323;  as  —  as  tsam  430;  —  far 

—  tsam-du,  bar-du,  fug,  fsug-pa;  —  much 

—  ga-tsdm\  —  soon  -  ma-MddyVia-fag-tu, 
Ascend  ^dzeg-pa. 

Ascending  node  sgra-ybdn. 
Ascetics,  sgom-po,  sgom-mKan ;  sdo^m-srun. 
Ashamed,  to  feel  —  skyeh-ba\    fcrel-ba-, 

^dzem-pa. 
Ash-coloured  gro-mo. 
Ashes  gog-fdl]  fal-ba.    ^  c  ct  C  -. ,  / ,     c/-    . 
Aside  zur-du ;  logs-su,  logs-la. 
Ask  jdri-ba,  ysoUba,  lu-ba\  yser-ba\  slo/l- 

ba ;  'if  one  asks  so'  v.  ce-na  142. 
Asleep,  to  fall  —  ynyid-du  ^gro-ba. 
Aspire  snyeg-pa. 
Ass  boh-bu,  bon-bo\  wild  —  rkyan. 
Assailant  sna-rgol. 
Assassinate  v.  Jab-pa  174. 
Assemblage  Urod-pa\  fsogs. 
Assemble  vb.  n.  ^du-ba\  Jsogs-pa\  Ihags- 

pa\  vb.  a.  sdud-va]  sog-pa. 
Assert  dam  ^ ca-oa ;  bked-pa. 
Assiduous  bi*tson-pa-can. 


614 


Assist  —  Bark 


Assist  zla-bo  or  grogs  byed-pa. 
Assistance  skyabs;  skyobs;  ra-mda. 
Assistant  grogs]  ya-do  W.;  ra-mda-pa. 
Associate  s.  grogs ;  zla-bo ; ya-do  W. ;  rogs. 
Associate  vb.  jtsogs-pa^  to  be     d  ogrogs- 

pa. 
Assume  Jlan-ba, 

Assurance  yden\  blo-ytdd,  blo-yden. 
Asterisin  skar-ma. 
Asthma  dbugs  rdzari-ba. 
Astonished,  to  be  —  ha-las-pa. 
Astonishment  no-mfsdr;  ya^mfsan. 
Astray,  to  go  —  ^/iyar-ba;  v.  also  sub 

yan-pa  506. 
Astride,  to  put  —  skyon-pa,  ^        ^ 
Astringent  bska-ba.        \:\     r.  .  ' 
Astrology  skar-dpydd^  skar-i'tsts. 
Astronomy  skar-rtsis  439. 
Asunder  so-sor  578;  to  tear  —  ^dral-ba. 
At  liar\  mdun-dw^  na  298;  rtsar  437. 
Athlete  gyad. 

Atmosphere  rlun-gyi  dkyil -Jior  1 1 . 
Atom  rduL 

Atonement  sdig-bsdgs. 
Attach  ^dogs-pa]  sdom-pa^  rtod'pa. 
Attached  zug-pa  C,  46G;  to  be  —  cags-pw, 

zen-pa. 
Attachment  J'ri-ba;  cogs-pa;  hen-^dzin. 
Attack  rub-pa 
Attain  sgrub-pa ;  fob-^a ;  myed-pa ;  v  al  so 

pyin-pa. 
Attend  vb.  n.  skyon-ba;  vb  a.  zla-bo  byed- 

pa\  nya-i^a  byed-pa. 
Attendant  Jior^  Jcor-mkan;   J^r-yyog^ 

yyog-Jior. 


Attention  ynyer-Ma;  zon. 

Attentive  ycah-po. 

Attitude  stans\  spyod-lam;  mam-^^gyuT, 

fsul^  sdod-fsuL 
Attribute  s.fr/^orf-^agramm.;  rtags^mfsan. 

mfsan-nyid. 
Auction  ni-lam. 
Auditory  (in  a  monastery)  kun-dga-ra- 

ba  4. 
Augment  vb.  n.  rgyas-pa^  ^pel-ba^  ?b.  a. 

spel'ba. 
Aunt  ne-ne-mo;  'ar-ne\  sru. 
Auspice  ?a;  rten-JbreL 
Authentic  nes-pa 
Author  byed-mkan\  zaUydams  brk-mfan 

473. 
Authority  cab;  mfu. 
Authorize  dban  skur-ba, 
Aninmn  storiy  ston-ka,  ,,^ 

Avalanche  ^a-^^ud,     ^'^  ^'^   --c. -" 
Avarice  ser-sna ;  ham-pa. 
Aversion  skyo-has;  Urel\  to  feel  an  -  skijo- 

ba. 
Avert  zlog-r>a\  ycod^a. 
Avoid  ydoa-pa;  spoii-ba;  ^dzem-pa. 
Await  sgug-pa. 
Away  par  341 ;  yas  508. 
Awkward  rtsal-mM\  mi  ses-pa. 
Awn  gra-ma. 

Awry  lcyom-Ky&ni\  da-cus;  yo-ba. 
Axe  sta-7'^\  ste-po. 
Axiom  yzi-ma. 
Axle-tree  srog-Mn, 
Ay  ^o-nd. 


J>,..w  (..   .     I    •         '•    .•       ■•'    ■ 

Babbling  s.  col-cui). 

Baby  jrru-gu  cun-nu. 

Back  s.  rgyab\  ltag-pa\  the  small  of  the  — 

sgal-pa. 
Back  adv.  rgyah-tu\  pyir. 
Background  mfil. 
Bacon  sbo-fsiL 

Bad  nan-pa;  fu-ba;  gyt-na;  btsog-po  W. 
Badger  grum-pa. 
Bag  sgyiu^  W^'^^>  sgye-mo\  pad;  leather 

—  rkyal-pa;  small  -  rkyal-bu. 
Bail  (person)  dge-rgdn;  lag-mi. 
Bakehouse  bkad-sa. 
Baker  yyos-ynUan,  '  •  t. 

Balance  (pair  of  scales)  tu-lu\  bat-ti;  sran. 
Balcony  rab-ysdl. 
Bald  fer.    r. ,,  v    :.     .  ■  .  .<    c     ' 

Ball  go-la\  bo-lo\  musket      rd/*u  6'.,  rin-di 

W.\  cannon  —  fu-lum. 
Ballista  sgyogs. 


B 


Balustrade  lag-yiuns. 

Banana  skyes-sddn. 

Band  (gang)  Zfyw,  Uyti-bo, 

Bandage  r as- fag;  leb-ma^  leb-fdgs. 

Bandeleer  ga-sa. 

Bandy-legged  rkah-kydg. 

Banish  spyug-pa. 

Bank  (shore)  ^/'m;  ^gram;  nogs;  d^o;  - 

of  a  river  hi-ka,  cu-^ram^  cu-mfa. 
Banker  bun-bddg. 
Banc^uet  s.  mgron. 
Baptism  /c7*iis  51. 
Baptize  Htnis  ysol-ba. 
Barbarian  kla-klo. 
Barbarous  ^Icob, 
Barber  Jyreg-mHan, 
Barberry  skyei^-pa  W, 
Bare  ryen-pa-y  -   footed  rkan-rjen. 
Bark  s.pags-pa;  sun-pa\  -  of  a  species  of 

willow  8^ro-Sa;  -  of  the  birch-tree /yro-^. 


dl 


^vo  WW  f  ^r  "^"^  * 


Bark  — 


Bice 


615 


Bark  vb.  n.  ztig-pa. 

Barley  was;  so-oa\  boiled  —  glum;  —  com 

nas. 
Barm  jt5aAs;  sban-cu. 
Barter  vb.  rye-ba;  sdeb-pa. 
Base  s.  yii]  rman. 
Bashful  nO'bab-pa\  dzem-bag-ban. 
Bashfulness  krel. 
Basin  ka-to-ra*^  zi-lin-pan-tse. 
Basis  ^gramyhi',  ma-yH, 
Basket  pe-ra;  tse-po;  yzed-ma;  a  small  — 

of  reed  baa-tse. 
Bat  (huimsLi) pa-^cdn, 
Bath  /cms. 

Bathe  Jiru-ba^  Jci^ud-pa, 
Battle  yyul^  Jab-mo, 
Bawling  adj.  ba-co-can. 
Bay  (gulf)  mg\  hi-Uug\  mfso-ldg. 
Bay-coloured  smug-po. 
Bayonet  san-gin  W, 
Bazar  Krom, 
Be  yin-pa^  resp.  lags-pa'^  yod-pa*^  ^dug-pa; 

mUs-pa'^  mna-ba-^  ynas-pa]  there  is,  there 

are  ^aug;  m(Hs, 
Beadle  (in  a  monastery)  dge-bskos;  dye- 

Beam  (timber) /'rfww-ma;  —  of  light  yzer^ 

^od-yzer. 
Bear  vb.  a.  (to  bring  forth)  bUa-ba\  skyed- 

pa;  (to  carry)  Jiur-ba^  Jcyer-ba^  teg-pa, 

Jogs-pa;  (to  suflFer)  yzod-pa,  tub-pa. 
Bear  s ,  brown  —  dom;  yellow  —  ared2M\ 

the  Great  Bear  smin-bdiin. 
Beard  rgya-bo;  ama-ra;  ^ag-tsdm;  —  of 

com  gra-ma. 
Beast  dud-^vo\  —  of  burden  Kal-ma;  — 

of  prey  yban-zdn. 
Beat  rgyab-pa\  rdun-ba;  rdegs-pa;  ^pam- 

par  Ijyed-pa;  to  —  the  drum  shrog-pa;  to 

-  the  gong,  the  cymbal  v.  Jii^oUba;  to  be 

beaten  ^pam-pa. 
Beautiful  mdzes-pa;    bzari-ba;   legs-pa; 

sdtcg-pa;  dga-ba;  bde-ba\  —  appearance 

or  colour  bkrag;  Tndans;  —  form  i*nam- 

^yur. 
Because  v.  km  6;  pas  323. 
Beckon  Uig-Qrdd  byed-pa. 
Become  skye-ba;  ^yur-ba;  ca-ba  W. 
Becoming  (comely),  to  be  —  jos-pa. 
Bed  m^-mdl;  nyal-Uri, 
Bed  (garden)  tsas-Kan, 
Bedding  mal-gds,  mal- cd ;  yzim-cd. 
Bedfellow  mal-grogs,  resp.  yzim-grogs. 
Bedstead  mal-B^ ;  m Bs-mdL 
Bee  bun-ba;  sbran-ma. 
Beer  can;  —carousal  caii-sa;  —house  ca/l- 

Ican. 
Beetle  sbur-pa, 
B  ef 0  0 1  mao  skor-ba. 
Before  adv.  sha-ma^  sna-gdn  135;  snan^ 


snar,  shun  136;  shon^  snon-du  137;  prep. 

druH'du  263;  tndun-du  273- 
Beforehand  v.  sna;  shan,  snar;  to  be  -- 

sna-ba. 
Beg  zu-ba;  ysol-ba. 
Beget  bho-ba;  skyed-pa. 
Beggar  spran-po;    Idom-bu-ba;   —  boy 

spran-prv^,    fy-r,  /^^^^  ^ 
Begin  vb.  n.  das-pa;  jug-pa;  mgo  ^dzug- 

pa;  to  —  to  exist  skye-ba;  vb.a.  rtsom-pa; 

^dzugs-pa. 
Beginner  las-dan-po-pa. 
Beginnings.  mgOy  mgo-ma ;  ^o-ma ;  Sijo- 

mo;  snon-^ma;  tog-ma;  —  and  end  (head 

and  tail)  mgo-mjug. 
Begotten  cad-pa;  to  be  —  cags-pa. 
Behalf  v.  don  no.  3,  259. 
Behave  ^grul-ba. 
Behaviour  mam-^ffyur ;  spyod-pa. 
Behead  ske  ybod-pa. 
Behind  adv.  rtin;  pa-i'ol-na  338;  pyi,  pyis; 

prep,  ^gab;  v.  rgyab  107. 
Behold  inter],  kye-hd  7. 
Being  s.  ^gro-ba;  lus-ban^  sems-can. 
Belch  s.  sgreg-pa;  vb.n.  sgreg-pa  ^don-pa. 
Believe  vb.  n.  dad-pa  249;  vb.  a.  yld  {tugs 

or  bden)  ces-pa. 
Bell  dnl;  —  metal  mlcar-ba^  J{ar-ba;    - 

wether  Ryu^midg, 
Bellows  sbvd-pa. 
Belly  grod-pa;  Ito-ba,  ysus-pa. 
Belong  ytogs-pa;  mna-ba;   belonging  to- 
gether te-niKan  W, 
Beloved  ydes-pa ;  rnon-za-can. 
Below  adv.  ma  408;  man- eddy  man-c6d; 

prep,  ^og  501. 
Bench  gral. 
Bend  vb.a.  kug-kug  byed-rpa;  skyU-ba;  dgu- 

ba;  gugs-pa;  gum-pa;  ^dud-pa;  vb.n.  mgo 

dgur-ba;  dgye-ba. 
Benefit  v.  skyed^^;  don  no.  3,  259;  pan- 
pa^  pan-ydn;  for  the  —  of  pyogs-su;  don- 

du 
Benevolence  pan-pai sems. 
Bent  (crooked)  /^ohs;  Jiyog-po;  gu^-ge-ba; 

dgu-ba. 
Benumbed  V.  sbnd-pa. 
Bereave  ^pi*al-ba;  to  be  bereft  Jyral-ba, 
Besides  lia-^*u^  Var;  sten-du;  min^  viin-pa. 
Besiege  skor-ba. 

Besprinkle  cag-cdg  byed-pa  or  ^debs-pa. 
Best  s.  mcog  166;  don  no.  3,  259. 
Bestow  sbyin-pa;  ster-ba. 
Better,  to  get  the  —  of  tub-pa;  rgyal-ba. 
Between  bar-la^  de-bdr ;  yseb-na,  yseb  -  la ; 

from  -  bar-nas. 
Beverage  skyems;  btun-ba  244. 
Beyond  pa-rol-na;  pan-Md, 
B  h  o  t  a  n  jjrug-pa. 
Bice,  blue  —  sho-skyd. 


^/■y^-'c/j'-L^^    ■■    ■-'-- 


616 


'<t»v-^    tMA-f  - 


y^t 


Bid  —  Branch 


<?  j^,  •  ^{ 


Bid  sffO'ba;  ojug-va;  ^dom-pa. 

Bier  /cyogs;  dgu-lcn. 

Big  cfin-po;   —  with  child  seim-can  dan 

Idan-pa;  —  with  young  sbrum-pa. 
Bigness  Uo4dg. 
Bile  mKiis-pa. 

BiUetofwood  mgal-pa;  sm-dum. 
Billow  cu-n,  cu-rlabs;  dba-klon. 
Bind  ^cin-ba;  ^dogs-pa;  sdotn-pa;  J^yig-pa. 
Biped  rkah-ynyis-pa. 
Birch- tree  stag-pa. 
Bird  bya\  dab-cdgs;  little  -  vicil-pa. 
Birdcage  bya-Udn, 
Birdsnest  bya-fsdn. 
Birth  y.skge-ba^S'y  high—  skge-baniCo-ba; 

low  —  ah/e-ba  dma-ba. 
Birthplace  shye-ynds. 
Bishop  do'darn-pa  257. 
Bison  (Indian)  glan-to. 
Bit  (small  piece)  l^am^  /cani-fsdd;  cag-dum^ 

brill. 
Bit  (of  a  bridle)  srab-lddgs. 
Bitch  kyirmo. 
Bite  vb.  f^mtcg-pa]  Jca-ba, 
Bitter  Afa,  Ha-po,  Ka-ba  36. 
Bittern  hi-skyar. 
Bitumen  brag-hun. 
Black  adj.  nag-po. 
Black  s.  (centre  of  a  target)  rtaga. 
Blacksmith  Icags-Tngdr, 
Bladder  (urinary)  Igan-pa, 
Blad  e  (of  grass)  Jag-ma^  sog-ma. 
Blade  (of  a  sword)  Ue. 
Blame  vb.  a.  spyd-ba;  smad-pa,  amod-pa. 
Blame  s.  klan-ka. 
Blank  adj.  ston-pa. 
Blanket  grum-ise;  tsa-dar;  ca-^ra  152;  ^a- 

pos  Ld. 
Blasphemy  skur-pa. 
Blast  vb.  y dog-pa. 
Blaze  s.  vidoiis. 
Bleat  Jboria, 

Bleed  ytar-ba,  rtsa  ycod-pa. 
Bless  snO'ba. 

Blessed  skal-lddn;  bde-^aro;  yyan-can, 
Blessin  g  s.byin,  byin-rldos]  bkra-sis'^  bsno- 

ba;  f'an-ydn;  yyan;  rgyan  107. 
Blind  mdons-pa]  kar-oa^  mig-zdr\  lon-ba. 
Blister  s.  (pustule)    cu-sga/f;    cu-bur; 

(plaster)  jibssman. 
Blister  vb.  ^ibspa;  Jibs-sman  ^jug-pa. 
Blood  1crag\  -  y  Urag-ban. 
Blooming  bkra-ba. 
Blossom  vb.  Jbar-ba, 
Blot  out  ^pyid-pa\  sel-ba. 
Blow  vb.  ^bud-pa. 
Blow  s.  Idag, 
Blue  shon-po.,  sno-bo]  deep  —  sno-nag;  pale 

—  8nO'8kyd\  sno-sans;  sky  —  mfin. 
Bluff  8.  gadrpa. 


Blunt  rttd-po]  vb.  also  Ha  IV.  no.  5. 

Blushing  (the  act  of)  ifo-tsa. 

Board  s.  span-lib\  Hh-lS]  glegs\  sgo-mdm\ 

—  of  a  door  sgo-glegs;  —  of  a  ship  zwr. 
Boast  vb.  rlom-pa. 
Boasting  s.  Ha-tao,  Ua-po\  yu&. 
Boat  ffru. 

Boatman  gru-pa\  ko-viUan^  mnyan-m. 
Bodily  dnossu ;  m/Kmsum-du ;  zcd-dtm. 
Body  lus\  yzugs\  sku\  —  linen  gos-ldg. 
Boil  s.  (ulcer)  h^-bur;  sa-bur  W. 
Boil  vb.a.  skol-ba;  to  —  down  sgor-ba;  vb. 

n.   Hol-ba;  to  —  over  ludr-pa. 
Boiling  adj.  Hol-pa,  /col-ma. 
Boldness  no-mta^rtul^pod'-pa. 
Bolster  siias;  ydan. 
Bolt  s.  bur;  v.  also  yya  and  si-ri. 
Bo  1 1  vb.  a.  yya  rgycib-pa;  si^  btig-ce  W, 
Bond  ^dzin ;  zin-bris. 
Bonds  bdtn-ba,  bdms-pa;  JHh-ba, 
Bone  yduh"^  rus-pa;  —  s  of  fish  ^ra-tyw. 
Book  dpe;  glegs-bdm;  po-ti. 
Books  (literature)  ?os;  oook-language  cos- 

skad. 
Bookstand  dpe-Uri, 
Boot  lham\  leather  half- boot  trad-pa  8. 
Border  s.  gru;  mfa-^ia:  STia]  mu\  mUam. 
Bore  vb.  rtol-ba^  Jngs-pa, 
Born  ^ad-pa;  to  be  —  skye-ba;  btsa-ba\ 

J^run-ba^  krum-pa\  Itams-pa. 
Borough  gron-tso. 
Borrow  skyi-ba^  bmyan-pa;  jyar-ba. 
Bosom  snam-brdg;  pan-kibs. 
Botch  vb.  gJxm-pa, 
Both  ynyh. 
Bottle  bum-pa. 
Bottom  yiih ;  mfil\  ^abs. 
Bough  yal-ga. 
Bound  vb.  n.  ^p'ar-ba. 
Boundary  mtsamsy  sa-mtaams. 
Bow  vb.  ^dud-pa;  *skyed  kug  tan-ce*  16  W. 
Bows,  (compliment)  yyag. 
Bow  s.  (for  shooting)  yhc. 
Bowels  rgyu-^ma;  nah-Urol. 
Bowl  s.  ko-'re  W,\  koh-po'^  pa-tra^  por-pa\ 

ykon-pa;  beggars  —  Ihun-bzed;  —  of  a 

tobacco-pipe  gan-mgo. 
Box  s.  (chest)  sgam;  sgrom;  gau-^  pa-ri: 

~  on  the  ear  ^ra?n-ldag. 
Boy  byis-pa;  infant  —  l^eu. 
Bracelet  ydu-bu\  lag-ydub 
Brag  sgeg-pa. 
Brahma  fsans-pa. 
Brahmin  brarn-ze. 
Braid  vb.  ybud-pa. 
Brain  kladrpa\  glad;  mgo-kldd. 
Bramble  ^r-ma. 
Bran  fsag-ro. 
Branch  (bough)  yal-ga\  gel-pa;  v.  also 

Rug-pa  149. 


Brandish  —  By 


617 


Brandish  dbytig-pa. 

Brandy  ^a-rdg. 

Brass  ra-gan;  —  can  cab-rkyan. 

Brave  adj.  des-pa^  (ipa('ba);  spa-ba. 

Brawls  v.  klan-ka  8. 

Bread  bag-leb  C.;  ta-gir  W, 

Breadth  Ka-ien ;  len^  y:en. 

Break  vb.  a.  ^dog-pa;  to  —  one's  promise 

^al-ba;  v.  ^?aWa;  v.  ojig-pa't  vb.n.  ^as- 

pa;  Q^ag-pa\  to  —  forth  rdol'ba\  to  -  out 

JSor-ba\  lan-ba. 
Breakfast  s.  gro;  dro  C\;  fsal-ma  W, 
Breakfast  vb.  fsalrma  za-ba. 
Breast  nu-ma^  bran^  resp.  sku-brdn. 
Breath  riiam^a;  dbtigs;  rlans-pa;  to  be 

out  of  —  dnan-ba. 
Breathe  Hiawrpa, 
Breeze  rlun. 
Bribe  ^.pag-Bug. 
Brick  pagy  pag-bu ;  so-pag. 
Bricklayer  rtsig-bzo-pa 
Bride  bag-ma;  — 's  maid  bag-grogs-mo. 
Bridegroom  bag-po^  mag-pa  co\. 
Bridge  zam-pa^ 
Bridle  s.  srao. 
Brier  fser-ma. 
Bright  bkrag-ban\  Urol-Ur6l\  yzi-br^id-can; 

^odr€an\  yscd-ba. 
Brightness    bkrag\    di/om-pa;    mdans; 

^f8er-ba\  zil;  yzi\  yzi-br)id;  ^od. 
Brilliant  zU-ban, 
Brim  gru. 
Bring  skgel-ba;  Jiyer-ba\  Jiyog-pa;  Jcyon- 

6a;  Jiyol-ba\  to  —  along  with  Jind-pa; 

to  —  on  skgedr-pu)  to  —  round  skul-ba;  to 

—  together  sprod-pa;  to  —  up  ysos  skyed- 

pa. 
Brisk  Kramrpa. 
Bristle  s.  Uabspu, 
Bristly  rtsub-po. 
Brittle  Mrol-mo. 
Broad  pal-can;  zen-can. 
Broken  dkrum-pa;  l^ag-pa^   cag-po; 

country  Uan-Udt). 
Bronze  v.  Kro  52;  mMar-ba^  JUar-ba, 
Brook  8.  grog-hi;  ^;  bab-cu;  cu-pran. 
Broom  pyag-ma;  ^ol-mo. 
Broth  ha-Ku. 
Brother  spun^  resp.  mted;  father's  —  Uu- 

bo;   mother's—  kah-pOj  ^a-han  W,;  a 

sister's  —  mih-po;  elder  —  jo-bOj  col.  'a- 

)d;  resp. y ten;  younger—  nu-bo;ydun-po; 

no  W,;  religious  —  coh-spun;  brother  — 

in  law  skud-po. 


Bruise  yh.  gnig-pa. 

Brush  8.  pir;  zed. 

Brute  byoUson, 

Bubble  s.  cu-bur;  Ibu-bay  dbu-ba. 

Bubbling  Icol-pa. 

Bucket  hi-bz&m. 

Buckle  s.  ^ab-ma.. 

Buckler  pa-It;  pub. 

Buckwheat  bra-bo. 

Bud  s  siaZ-wtjr;  leaf  -  Myi-gu. 

Bud  vb.  skye-ba. 

Buddha  sans-rgyas;  rgyal-ba;  rgyal-ba 

gon-ma. 
Buddhist  nan-pa. 
Buffalo  ma-he. 
Bug  cotT^;  (Jha)  ^dre-hig. 
Build  rtsig-pa;  JSo9-pa;  ^od-pa. 
Building  s.  bkod-pa. 
Bulk  bon;  Uiun, 
Bull  glan-fug;  ba-glan. 
Bullet  go-la;  fsi-gu;  —  mould  ka-lib. 
Bullock  plan;  spo-to  C. 
Bun  Ihas^-^ma);  Ihas-ddg;  zirn-zag  W. 
Bunch  cam-pdd;  cag-pa;  cag-bUy  ^ag-mo; 

hin-po;  fsom-pa;  yzab-ma. 
Bundle  hin-po;  pon-po;  lag-kdd. 
Bung  Ua'Jiig. 
Burden  s.  Ual;  Kur^  Ihir-po;  Mres-po;  ^gaii 

(-po). 
Burn  vb.  a.  Jsig-pa;  sreg-pa;  vb.n.  ^bar- 

ba. 
Burning-glass  me-hel. 
Burst  vb.  a.  ybog-pa;  vb.n.  ogas-pa;  Joi- 

ba;  rdol'ba.  /^-.  • 

Bury  skun-ba.  <  ^-^  oz,  -^      *     o,-  ^   ^  •-. 
Bushel  Kal-bd.  f  .  '  : 
Business  las;  don ;  /cag ;  gan-po ;  spros-pa ; 

*deUm*  382  W. 
Busy,  to  be  —  brel-ba. 
But  adv.  (only)  tsam;  v.  man  411;  conj.  v. 

kyi;  ^on-kyan;  ^o-nd. 
Butcher  san-pa;  sa-fyon-pa. 
Butler  ysol-dpon. 
Butter  mar;  fresh  —  skya-mdr. 
Butterfly  pye-ma-Ub. 
Buttermilk  dar-ra;  dar-ba. 
Buttock  rkub;  ^pon-tsos. 
Button  s.  sgrog-gUy  sgrog-^nl;  tob-Hy  fob-cu. 
Buy  nyo-ba. 
Buzz  vb.  Jtrog-pa. 
Buzzing  s.  ^ur. 
By  kyi;  v.  sub  rkyen;  sgo-nas;  pas;  pyir; 

close  —  druh-du. 


''Vv^  r^ 


r  - 


39* 


/    '.- 


618 


Cabbage  —  Ceremony 


Cabbage  hrcrni^  Chinese  white  —  ye-Ui^ 

pi'tsi. 
Cairn  to-y&r\  dur-puil. 
Calamity  bkra-mirMs-^  rkyen\  ^aWhyen. 
Calamus  hi-fda. 

Calculate  rtsi-oai  rtsis  byed-^a\  bgran-ba. 
Calculation  rtsis. 
Calendar  lo-fo. 
Calf  be-to,  be-do]  beu\  —  of  the  leg  sgyid- 

pa\  byin^a. 
Call  vb.a.  skad-pa;  skuUba^  Kug-pa\^gugs- 
pa\  sarog-pa\  J)od'pa\  v.  also  byed-^pa  I, 

2  and  win  ^doffs-pa  280;so-called  ^  byas- 
pa\  vb.  n.  to  —  to  a  person  ke*  tah-wa  C,\ 

skad  gyab'Ce  W.;  sgroff-pa\  brgyan-ba* 
Calm  adj.  gya-ma-gyu'^  v.  daUoa. 
Calm  vb.  a.  lir-barbyed-pa. 
Calumny  pra-ma. 
Camel  rna-b6n\  male  —  rna-ys^b,  female 

—  rna-nw.    T*  ^  ..  ['\     [ 
Camp  sffar. 
Camphor  ga-pur. 
Can  s.  rkyan^  ^oiMrkydn  155. 
Cancer  (disease)  Ihog-pa;  (constellation) 

kar-ka^ta. 
Candle  rkyon-tse. 
Candy  Kan-da, 
Cane  spa^  sba\  smyi^^  smyug-ma'y  ^od- 

ma. 
Canine  tooth  m^e-ba,  m^e-sd. 
Cannon  gyogs^  ^gyogs]  ^dzam-b^r;  —  ball 

fur-liicm. 
Canopy  ydugs. 
Caoutchouc  gyig. 
Cap  fod'Kebs. 
Caper  vb. n.  dkyu-ba. 
Capital  adj.  kyadrpar-dan.       '^''  -V 
Capital  s.  (stock  in  trade)  v.  ma  1,  2;  fog 

in.;  (chief  city)  mfil\  rgyal-sa  W, 
Captain  ^o-pa\  brgya-dpon. 
Captivate  Jbin-pa, 
Captive  s.  btson. 
Caravansary  tsugs-kah. 
Caraway  l.(?arum^o-«nyod.2.Cumin0i-ra. 
Carcass  ro,  fen-ro\  yzugs. 
Card  yi-ge. 

Cardamom  stcg-rmSl;  li-si  W. 
Cardinal  points  pyogs  352. 
Care  s.  nya-ra;  ynyer-lia\  to  take  —  *^a- 

dar  bo-de*;  to  take  —  of  skyon-ba]  *  dag- 
pa  )h^-pa*  C,\  ynyer-ba\  to  use  —  yzaos- 

pa. 
Careless  bag-mid. 
Caress  vb.a.  mtun-par  byed-pa]  yag-po; 

jag-po  byed-pa. 
Carpenter  Hn-mKan. 
Carpet  start. 


Carriage  (conveyance)  bcibs-pa;  bzanrpa\ 

teg-pa.  , 

Carrion  Ji'rum». 
Carrot  gun-dmar-la-pug^   JZa-ba\  se^ag- 

dur-sman  W.  ^ 

Carry  Jhir-ba*,  Jhier^^y  o%^-P«;  o^o'- 
ba\  skya-ba\  sh/edrpa;  to  —  away  dofelr 
ba\  bda-ba]  to  be  able  to  —   feg-pa  235. 
Cart  sin-rta. 

Carter  ^-rta-pa. 

Cartilage  bag-krum. 

Carve  Jo^-pa;  Jbrur-ba^  bru-ba. 

Case  (incident)  rkyen\  skabs\  in  —  gai-ie 
68;  na  299;  (sheath)  svhs\  (grammar) 
maTH-dbyS  314. 

Cash  mags  313. 

Cashmere  Ica-dul,  ka-M. 

Cask  zem. 

Cast  vb.a.  skyur-ba\  rgyag-pa\  ^debs-pa] 
jpen-pa\  to  —  away  j£)r-ba\  to  —  down 
Jbebs-pa\  J)or-ba\  to      (metals)  Idugs-pa. 

Casting-mould  lug-kon. 

Castle  mkar]  po-bran;  rdzons. 

Castrate  rUa-pa  Jyin-pa. 

Cat  byi-la;  bi-lay  bi-li^  pi-si  W.  him-bu, 
him-buC.    "-^-^^^      -'  .  r,  , 

Catapult  s(^ogs  119. 

Cataract  ri-yzar-M. 

Catarrh  ^am-pa',  bro-jtsdl. 

Catch  ^dzin-pa. 

Catgut  rgyus-skud. 

Cattlc;5yw^«;  breeding—  rkan-^^grds;  horn- 
less —  mg(Mfil  W. 

Caul  (anatomy)  rgyu-sgrog. 

Cause  s.  rkyeu]  rgyu\  rgyu-mfsan]  origin- 
al =  yii-ma. 

Cause  vb.  a.  v.  gugs-pa;  fjug-pa\  ytonrha\ 
byed'pa. 

Causeway  so-log. 

Caution  s.  ynyer-Ka. 

C  aut i  o  u  s  V.  ka-ddr\  gyarma-gyu\  to  be  - 
*ka-dar  do-te*]  jgaihpa. 

Cave,  Cavern  pug-pa. 

Cavity  Hun-y  sbugs. 

Cease  ^ag-pa\  j!ajdrpa\  zi-ba. 

Ceiling  fog^  ya-fog. 

Celebrated  gzi-br^idrhan. 

Cell  grwa\  ^qorhdg*  75. 

Cellar  ^a-Kdn. 

Cemetery  dur-krod. 

Censer  poa-pdr,  spos-p6r. 

Censor  (of  a  monastery)  dge-bskos  85- 

Censure  s.  klan-ka. 

Centiped  lor-ri  W.*^  si-ri-Jm  W. 

Centre  lte-ba\  mfil]  dbus. 

Cerebellum  klad-bun. 

Ceremony  ?o-^a;  shi-rim. 


•-) 


d/\^ 


Certain  —  Clasp 


619 


Certain  nes-pa;  gor-ma-Mg'y  no-rtdg^  a  — 

one  yhig-cig. 
Certainly  fdon-mi-za-bar. 
Certainty  ne^a\  fag-cdd, 
Ceylon  lan-ka. 

Chaff  spun-pa^  sbun-pa\  sbur-ma. 
Chain  s.  lcagsfda\  nyctg-fag. 
Chair  AW;  rgycL-liriC    !c^:'C^  .  ^  • 
Chairman  Kri-pa, 
Chalk  fo-U  dkar-po. 
Chamber  nah\  Kan-mig, 
Champion  gyad. 
Chance  s.  rgyu  llO. 
Change  s.  ^ur-ba\  res. 
Change  vb.  a  sgyur-bw,  rye-ba-,  spO'ba\ 

rdztt-ba;  to  -  place  ^p(h-ba\  vb.  n.  ^yur- 

ba\  ^po'ba. 
Chant  vb.  dgyer^ba. 
Chap  vb.  ^as^a. 
Chapter  leu. 
Character  (disposition)  rgyvd\  nan\  no- 

bo-nyid]  fsul^  rig-rgyud\  *^^-gyfi*  C,  562. 
Characteristic  s.  rgyu-mfsdn  ni. 
Charge  vb.  sko-ba]  rgol-ba;  m?iag-pa;  to 

—  with  (to  commission)  ^el-ba. 
Charge  s.  (commission)  Uag. 
Charity  snyin-rje. 
Charming  daa-ba;  yid-du  ^on-ba. 
Chase  vb.  Jcor-ba, 
Chase  s.  Uyi-ra. 
Chasm  s.  rgyaser. 
Chastisement  cad-pa]  ftd. 
Chastity  Urel-yod]  fsans-par  spyod-pa. 
Chat  vb.  ^ur  /ton-ba^  lab  yton-ba. 
Chattering  s.  bo-lo. 
Cheap  Uye-mo  W,\  rin  cun-ba, 
C  h  e  a t  vb.  6to  brid-pa ;  s1u-ba\  yyo-zdl  byed- 

pa;  mgo  skar-ba. 
Cheek  ^ram-pa]  —  bone  ogram-His;  - 

tooth  ^gram-so. 
Cheer  vb.  glod-pa\  spro-ba  skyed-pa;  dga- 

bar  byedrpa. 
Cheerful  Krul-po ;  dga-mo ;  sems^di^  bh- 

bdi.  , 

Cheese  fyd\  ^o-fud,     d^^"^c<  .C 
Chess-board  mig-mdn;  to  play  at  chess 

mig-mah  rtse-ba. 
Chest  (box)  gau\  8gam\  sgrom\  (thorax) 

brauy  resp.  sku-brdn, 
Chev^r  Idad-pa, 
Chicken  bya-prug. 
Chief  adj.  dpon\   ytso\  —  justice  /ctims- 

dpon. 
Chief  s.  ogo-pa;  dpon-po;  ytso-bo\  Icyvr- 

midg. 
Chiefly  ytso-bor,  ytso-^ir. 
Child  prvrgu\  byis-pa\  bu\  v.  Icyeu, 
Children  bu^rug;  —  of  the  same  parents 

(brothers,  sisters)  spun. 
Chill  s.  kyi-bun. 


Chin  kO'k6\  jnor-U. 

China  rgya-ndg;  rgya-yul;  modern  name: 

Tna-Jux-H-na^^  ma-hd-Hn;  —  clay  /cam-pa; 

—  ware  kar-y6l\  dkar-ydl;  resp.  kal-kar 

C,\  sol'kar  Tv. 
Chinese  s.  rgya-nag-pa^  rgya-bo]  fern. 

rgya-nag-ma^  rgya-mo;  rgya-mi\  plur. 

rqya-mams. 
Chinese  adj.  rgyai^  rgya-nag-gi,  —  lan- 
guage rgya^dcdd\  —  paper  rgya-hog. 
Chink  sgo-bdr. 
Chip  f sal-pa;  kin^tsal. 
Chirping  s.  ba^bd. 
Chisel  vb.  Jyru-ba, 
Chit-chat  s.  ^ur. 
Choice  adj.  mbog-tubkrab;  Uyad-par pags- 

pa\  Uyaa-par-ban, 
Cnoke  dJmgs  sub-pa;  *^skye  tsir  tan-ce*  W,; 

ske  bsdam-ste  y sod-pa;  to  be  choked  imati- 

ba;  ske  bsdam-ste  JSi-ba;  Jsub-pa, 
Cholera  Kon-ldg  W,;  nya-Ug  Sik. 
Choose  vh.  a,  okrab-pa;  ^byed-pa;  jdzin- 

pa;  vb.  n.  (to  like)  dgyes-pa. 
Chop  vb.  btsab-pa;  to  -  off  y cod-pa, 
Choppine-block  Mn-stan, 
Chopsticks  fur-ma. 
Chord  rgyud  in. 

Christ  skyabs-mgdn  26 ;  via-hi-ka  410. 
Chronic  adj.  yun  rin-bai;  —  disease  ycon- 

ndd, 
Ctronicle  lo^gyiis. 

Churn  vb.  dkrog-pa;  io  dkrog-pa,  ^ 

Churn  s.  v.  gur-gur  70.  cLtr^^<^  0.^0  v"^^ 
Chutney  (Indian  condiment)  fm-u  449.       ) 
Chyle  dwans-ma  249. 
Cimeter  gri-gug. 
Cinamon  Hn-fsa, 
Cipher  s.  m/ca;  fig-le. 
Circle  s.  sAor,  ^Afor,  Jior-lo;  dkyil-^lcor; 

sgor-mo^  sgor^-fig. 
Circular  adj.  hfir-kyir;  aor-mo. 
Circumference  dJcyil-jKor;  Jcor;  Uo-ra; 

Kyon;  mvr-Kyud, 
Circumstance  rkyen;  skabs. 
Citadel  mliar;  rdzon. 
Citizen  Hyim-bddg;  yul-pa;  yon-bdag. 
Citron  gam-bu-ra  W.;  spyod-pad  C, 
City  ^oh-Uyir, 
Civilize  ^dul-ba. 
Claim  s.  fob-fsir,  fob-srdl. 
Clairvoyance  mnon-his  133. 
Clammy  rtsi-ban. 
Clamour  s.  ku,  kii-sffi*a,  ku-co;  skad-ldg; 

ha-bd. 
Clandestinely  sbas-teW.;  v. also  Ikog-fu, 

rsan-ba. 
Clap  vb.,  to  --  the  hands  cag-cdg  byed-pa. 
Clap  s.  (crash)  sguhW*;  IdimW,;  Idir-sgra, 
Clasp  vb.  a.  Jiyudrpa;  Jiril-ba. 
Clasp  s.  cab-ma;  —  knife /^a6-^r?*. 


JlM 


^aZ;  ca-^aw;  bye-brdg]  dbye-ba-, 


Class  —  Communication 


620 

Class  s, 

fsan^  sde-fsdn. 
Classify  mam-par  bhag-pa;  Jbyed-pa. 
Claw  lcron\  8der(-ino)',  spar^ba. 
Clay  ^vm-pa\  rdza\  hal-bu]  -  Aoor  sky  an- 
nul. 
Clean  adj.  dag-pa^  ytsan-ba;  lag-mo  W,; 

—  food  dkar-zds. 
Clean,  Cleanse  \h,2L,pyi-bdar  byed-pa\ 

san-ba;  sel-ba;  to  be  cleansed  J>t/on-oa. 
Clear  adj.  mnon-pa;  tur-t^-,  wa-U\  wa-le- 

ba\  lag-mo  W,\  sim-po  W.]  Ihan-ne, 
Clear  vb.  a.  ^dag-pa;  sel-ba. 
Cleave  ^es-pa-^  Jieg-pa\  to  be  cleft  ^as-pa. 
Cleft  s.  rgyasih']  ral;  srtibs. 
Clerk  yig-mUan, 
Clever  ^dan-po;  sgrin-po;  fobs-dan*  spyav- 

»o;  a  —  writer  rtsom-par  mKas-pa. 
Clew  s.  gru-gu. 
Climb  ^dzeg-pa ;  rgal-ba. 
Cling  cags-pa;  ^a-biag-pa. 
Clip  o57t^m-pa.  > 

Cloak  s.  ber,      (^  ■    -     ^  ^ 
Clock  hL-(sod'y  cu-fsod-Jior-h. 
Close  vb.  a.  ^egs-pa\  v.  also  ^dzvm-pa. 
Close  adj.  gga-ma-oyu  73;  ~  fisted  ]m>h- 

po\  lag-dam-po\  adv.  Jam-pa  174;  —over 

gladrla. 
Clot  s.  gon-po'^  —  of  blood  Urag-gon. 
Cloth  sag-ldd'^prug;  fer-ma]  dar'  a  piece 

of—  ytig,  bubs.  ^'^^   ^  "  -^  ^ 
Clothes  goSy  gosldg;  bgo-ba\  to  change  — 

gos  br^e-ba\  to  put  on  —  gos  aon-pa;  to 

take  off  —  gos  Jmd-pa'^  suit  of  —  go-lus- 

ca-tsan  W, 
Clothes-brush  byab-z^d. 
Clothes-stand  ydan^  rdan. 
Clothing  ^-  bgo-ba;ca-bydd  ?a-^^^ 
Cloud  s.  spnn]  —  of  dust  budSTf  ^^^ 

Clouded,  to  be- /r^a.    C^"^  "    '^ 
Cloudy,  it  has  become  —  Mor-son, 
Clove  li-si  C,\  bzan-dHig  W.\  zer-bu  W, 
Club  (mace)  ga-da. 
Clumsy  sbomrpa ;  zlum-pa. 
Cluster  s.  cag-mo. 

Clyster  s.  ^Kos\  bsur-smyig;  —  pipe  feu. 
Coachman  sin-rta-pa. 
Coagulate  JHyags-pa, 
Coal  sol-ba. 
Coarse  rtsin-ba ;  rags-pa ;  —  grained  rtsub- 

po. 
Coast  jjAfm. 
Coat  s.  gos;  duff-po  U;  hi-pa  Ts. 

Mud;  —  of  mail  /irab. 
Coat  vb.  a.  J^um^-pa, 
Cock  s.  bya-pOy  bya-po;  Kytm-bya\ 

gun  fo-cun;  me-skdm. 
Cock  vb.  a.  rdze-ba, 
Coetaneous  na-mnydm^  na -^drd. 
Coffee  ka-ba  37,111. 


—  lap 


of  a 


Coffer  sarom. 

Coffin  aur-sgdm,  i^-sgdm. 

Cohabit  j^ir^Z-ia;  ^krig-pa  spyod-pa. 

Cohabitation  sbyor-ba. 

Cohere  JbreUba, 

Coil  vb.  (of  snakes)  Jcri-ba, 

Coin  s.  don-tse. 

Coition,  Coitus  Jkrig-pa\   llags-spy6d\ 

nyal-po. 
Colander  fsag-ma. 
Cold  adj.  gran-ba;  —  air  rta-ra;  nad\  — 

wind  nar-ba;  Ihags-pa;  to  feel  —  Jcyags- 

pa;  V.  kyi-bun;  to  get,  to  grow  —  gran- 

ba^  grans-pa. 
Cold  s.  kyags-pa;  gran-ba\  nod;  nar-ba; 

to  have  a  -  bro-Jsal-ba\  a  -  in  the  head 

fam-pa\  bro-Jsdl;  ya-ma. 
Colic  glan,  glan-tdbs\  rgyur-yzir;  tsa-Jhu, 
Collar  s.  gon-ba^  gos-kyi gon-ba;  to  seize 

by  the  —  ^on-6a-wa«  JLnn-pa, 
Collect  vb.  a.  sgncg-pa,  slon-pa\  sdud-pa; 

sog-pa. 
Colonel  ru-dpan. 

Colour  s.  ka;  ka-dog;  mdog;  fson;  beauti- 
ful —  bkrag;  prime  —  ma-yzi\  to  lose  ~ 

dkyug-pa, 
Colt  fur-bu;  —  of  an  ass  ku-rug,  gu-rkg. 
Comb  s.  so-mdn. 

Comb  vb.  a.  had-pa^  yhadrpa,  ysod-pa. 
Combat  s.  ^fab-mo;  ^kru>g-pa. 
Combat  vb.  Jab-vno  ^ed-pa^  Jab -pa; 

Jirah-pa;  rgol-ba. 
Come  ^on-ba,  resp  J)yor-ba,  J^yon-pa;  fi(b- 

pa\  eleg.  mN-ba;  come!  ^og;  to  —  again 

Idog-pa^  log-pa;  to  —  hd^ck  pyir-^o-ba; 

to  —  forth  cags-pa;  to  —  out  Jbyun-ba^ 

Jon-pa;  to  —  to  JiyoJrba;  ynas-su  o^yur- 

6a;  to  —  together  dzom-pa;  to  —  up  (of 

seeds)  Jcrm-bay  rdol-ba, 
.J^yComfort  vb.  a.  glod-pa;  mya-nan  san-ba; 

spro-ba  skyed-pa. 
Comforter  skyo-grdas. 
Command  vb.  a.  bka  ynan-ba^  ynan-ba; 

(an  army)  Jirid-pa, 
Command  s.  ial-yddms. 
Commander  dmcM-^o;  dmag-dpdn. 
Command ment  bka^korUrvmSy  oka-bsgos; 

krims. 
Commence  rtsom-pa;  Jbugs-pa, 
Commend  snag-pa;  Jcol-ba, 
Comment  vb.  a.  ^elrbay  ^ol-ba. 
Commerce  tsoh. 
Commissary  sku-tsdb. 
Commission  vb.a.  sko-ba;  ^l-ba;  mnag- 

pa. 
Commit  skur-ba;  JSol-ba;  (sin  etc.)  byed- 

pa. 
Common  dkyus-ma;  fun;  pal-pa;  j^al; 

the  —  people  pal  341. 
Communication  bka-rgya;  Jbrel^  Jn'el-ba, 


Communion  —  Consume 


621 


Communion  Jbrelrba;  ^ogs4ug%\  holy  - 

ysolrrds  692. 
Compact  adj  TnUrah ;  ^ (Sag-ban, 
Companion  orojfs;  rogs;  skyo-grdgs]  zla- 

bo;  ya-do  W, 
Company  kyu\  in—  fun-^moh-du;  ^ogs-te. 
Comparative  degree  y.  )e  172;   Uis  II, 

paSj  sat'i. 
Compare  sdur-ba ;  sgrun-pa ;  sgre-ba. 
Comparison  rfjp^  827. 
Compass  (circumference)  mu-Kyud ;  points 

of  the  —  mfsaTns  465. 
Compasses,  pair  of,  shor-Ug. 
Compassion  snyin-r^e;  snt/m-brtse-ba. 
Compel  V.  nan-gyis  302;  ^ed-kger-nag-pos 

W. ;  to  be  compelled  dgos-pa. 
Competitor  ^an-zla. 
Compile  Bgrig^a. 
Complaint  zv^,  yzug  ^8S^  nod. 
Complete  adj,  gT^ib-pa;  rggas-pa;  tarn- 

pa;  pun-tsdgB;  rdzogs-pa;  fsan-ba;  to  be 

—  fsa/i-ba. 
Complete  vb.  a.  ag^^^a;  fog  ^eUba;  to 

be  completed  Jior-ba;  Jsar-ba, 
Completely  ytan-^u;  ye-nas. 
Complex  of  fields  Hum. 
Complicate  adj.  Urag-Uriig, 
Compliment  s.  j5j/a^;compliments  v.  stod- 

pa'SQ^. 
Compose  ^od-pa;  rtsom-pa;  to  —  verses 

sddhpa;  wyor-ba. 
Comprehend   go-ba;  ^dzin-pa;   yid-la 

byed-pa. 
Comprehension  g(hba. 
Comprehensive  Kyab-ce-ba, 
Comprise  Uyab-pa;  sdud-pa. 
Compulsion  gal^;  nan  302. 
Computation  rtm. 
Compute  rtst-ia. 
Comrade  arogs. 
Concave  kon. 

Conceal  sbed-pa;  yaan-ba;  sgon-ba;  ^(fab- 
pa. 
Concealment  p'ag. 
Conceited  mcor-po. 
Conception  dmigs-pa. 
Concerning  (as  regards)  rtm-nas;  dban- 

du  byas-na  887. 
Concession  ynan-ba. 
Concord  mfun-pa. 
Condemn  ial-ie  yhodr^a;  krims  yhod-pa 

or  yion^ba. 
Condescending  ^e-fabs-med-pa;  tobe  — 

mfun-pa  byed-pa. 
Condiment  skyu-riim;  sdor. 
Condition  (state)  ynas-skabs;  ynas-tsid 

311 ;  yin-lugs  548. 
Conduct  vb.  a.  skyel-ba;  Jirid-pa;  ^dren- 

pa. 
Conduct  s.  apyod-pa. 


Cone  fsa-tsa. 

Confess  Jieg-pa;  mtol-ba;  yhog-pa;  yso- 

sbyon-ba  590. 
Confession  (creed)  'Sos-rgyud  164. 
Confide  iyid)  rton-^a  215;  v.  blo-ydM  386. 
Confidence  blo-ytdd,  blo-yden. 
Confidential  speaking  snyin-ytam. 
Confine  vb.  dgar-ba. 
Conform  vh.  sbyor-ba. 
Confound  dkrtig-pa;  ^dzol-ba. 
Confused,  to  be  —  rtab-pa. 
Confusion  Jiral-Jtrul, 
Congeal  Jiyags-pa, 
Conglomerate  s.  gad-pa. 
Congratulate  bkra^is  mna  ysol-ba. 
Conjuncture  bBgan;dus, 
Conjure  (implore)  nan-gyis  zu-ba. 
Conjure  up  ^^gugs-pa. 
Conjurer  Q^a-po. 

Connect  sbyar-ba ;  sbrel-ba ;  zun  sdebs-pa. 
Connected  with  bbas-pa;  to  be  —  Jyrel- 

ba. 
Connection  Jbrel-pay  zun-Jyril;  v.  also 

rgyu-rky^  110. 
Conquer  bbom-pa;  joms-pa;  rgyal-ba; 

^pam-par  byed-pa  dbG;  to  be  conquered 

^pam-pa. 
Conqueror  rgyaUba, 
Conscience  gal-mfun  hes-pa;  hes-bUn;  v. 

also  byas-(!o8  and  ynon-ba. 
Conscientious  krel-han. 
Consciousness  ses-pa;  dran-pa;  ~  of 

guilt  ynon-ba. 
Consecrate  skur-ba;  r(d}(-fu)  yna8(-par) 

byed-pa  624. 
Consequence  mjtcg;  Jbra^-bu;  in  —  of 

dban-gis. 
Consider  vb.  a.  gran-ba;  ^dzin-pa;  baam- 

mnd  byed-pa;  vb.  n.  agora-pa;  mno-ba. 
Consideration  draw-pa  262. 
Consign  akur-ba. 
Consist  ^dtia-pa,  badua-pa. 
Consistence  aka-aldd. 
Consistency  arab-Jfug. 
Console  aema  yao-ba;  mya-nan-baan-ba. 
Consort  s.  fun-ma;  royal  —   Idam-mo; 

btatm-mo. 
Conspicuous  mnon-pa;  yaal-po. 
Constable  dge-yydg  SQ- 
Constellation  akar-ma;  yza-akdr. 
Constipation  bsan-dgda. 
Constitute  gel-ba;  ahhia;  J/ug-pa  II,  2. 
Constraint  gal. 
Construct  Wo-6a;  v.  ^a-ba;^oa-pa;yton- 

ba;  ^god-pa;  rtaig-pa. 
Construction  (grammatical)  fdg  agrig- 

pa. 
Consult  bka-bgro-ba. 
Consultation  groa-gUh;  ^dun-ma. 
Consume  cud yzon-pa;  zin  ojug-pa;  to  be 


Cr^-oir^  Y^ 


t.t^^ 


622 


Consumption  —  Cream 


consumed  ^a-ba;  ^ad-pa; ^fsar-ba;  ^dzad- 

pa;  zin-pa. 
Consumption  ybon. 
Contain  v.  loh-ba;  to  be  contained  o^o- 

6a;  V.  ^dug-^a  no.  2. 
Contamination  grib. 
Contemplate  sgom-pa. 
Contemplation  sgom;  fin-ne-^dzin. 
Contempt  rnan-ien;  bmyas-pa;  smadrpa. 
Contend  (fight)  Jirug-pa;  rtsod-pa;  (to 

strive)  ^an-pa. 
Content  adj.  cog  ^es-pa;  fsim-pa;  to  be  - 

mgu-ba;  to  heart's  —  yid  bhn-du. 
Contention  ^gransems;  ^dzin-mo. 
Contentment  snyin-fsim. 
Contest  s.  fob-^hd. 
Continent  glin. 
Continually  rgyun-du;  dar,  ba-rS;  ytan- 

du. 
Continuation  qPto, 
Continue  ^jhro-ba. 

Contract  vb.  a.  skum^a;  vb.  n.  Jior-ba. 
Contracts,  gan-rgyd ;  ^ad-yig ;  Jdziny  yig- 

^dzin. 
Contradiction,  to  be  in  -  ^al-ba. 
Con trary  s,bzhg, go-bzldg; go-ldog, go-ldg. 
Contrivance  grcAs, 
Convent  s.  cos-sde;  sde;  dgon-pa,       ^  • 
^  .  Convention  Afa-cdd.  '       ^'^tiX'^ 

.   Kc^ciVcv-Conversation  aleh-brjdd.  ^-  ^'  <^  i^tJu^J. 
Converse  vb.  glen-ba\  glen-mo  byed-pa; 

gros-byH  bgro-ba. 
Convert  vb.  cos-su  Jug-pa. 
Convey  skya-ba;  skyed-pa;  skyel-ba;  J^'ur- 

ba. 
Convoy  s.  skyel-ma. 
Cook  vb.  Jsodrpa, 
Cook  s.  gyos-mUan;  head        ysol-dpon, 

mor-cen. 
Cool  gran-ba;  bsil-ba. 
Cool y  (carrier)  /lur-pa;  (workmdLu) gla-pa. 
Coot  skyega. 
Copious  rgyas-pa. 
Copper  zans. 

Copulation  Jfr^-pa;  iags-spyod. 
Copy  vb.  hi'Oa. 

Copy  s.  (transcript)  bkod-pa;  bu-dpe;  (pat- 
tern) ma^  mordpe. 
Coral  byi-ru. 

Cord  s,  rgyvd;  sgroga;  fa-gu]  ^pren-ba. 
Cordial  s.  bdtid. 
Core  Uog-hin, 
Coriander  seed  ^v^m, 
Cork  ka-ycod,  Ua-^dig, 
Corn  (grain)  Jbru;  boiled  —  2a»;  slightly 

roasted  yos\  stack  of  —  ragsy  pvh-rags; 

hi-ri\  corn  on  a  toe  rkan-rndztib'dzer-pa. 
Corner  Mug;  gru;  grwa;  zur. 
Corporal  bbu-dpon. 
Corpse  ro^  resp.  spur. 


Correct  adj.  dcyon-mid;  nor-wa^;  to  be - 

Correct  vb.  sgyur-ba;  zu-dag  byed-pa. 
Correction  ku-ddg^  hus-ddg. 
Correspond  (to  be  adequate)  ^^grig-pa. 
Correspondent  (in  business)  ison-grof. 
Corrupt  vb.  a.  slad-^a. 
Corruptness  kun-ahis. 
Costly  gus-po^  rin-^an. 
Cottage  Uan-bu;  Uu-tu. 
Cotton  raS'bal,  srin^cU^  hiatal ;  —  clodi 

(ka-hi-kai)  ras,  -^^  jC  .  v. 
Couch  s.  AVt;  nyal-Uri;  mal. 
Cough  8.  glo;  i'ogs;  bro-Jsdl;  vb.  R>g9-pa. 
Council  gro8^  gros-alen;  ^dun-ma. 
Counsel  s.  gros;  bka-yddms;  ^dun-ma. 
Counselor  bka-y^ags. 
Count  vb.  bgrah'ba;  ^dren-pa;  rtei-ia; 

yhcyi^^a;  si  kar-be  W. 
Countenance  ydon;  bzin\  no;  skye-sgo: 

sgo-lo. 
Counteract  ^al-ba. 
Counterfeit  adj.  rdzv^s-mcu 
Counterparty  pa^ol 
Counting  s.  rtsis. 
Country  yul^  yul-Jidr^  yul-gru:  sa-cd; 

rgyai'/cdg;  love  of  --  yul-sred;  yul-la 

^dod-pa. 
Couple  s.  zun;  married  —  bza-mi. 
Courage  snyin^tobs,  snyin-rus;  spobs-pa. 
Courageous  ham-pa-ban;  dpa-oa^  (^-     ] 

ban. 
Courier  rta-zam-pa. 
Course  s.  fsir. 
Court  s.  (residence  of  a  prince)  fai;  -of 

justice  bka-y^ags;  Krirm-lcan. 
Courtyard  Uyams;  tsoms^  fsamsskdr. 
Cove  Ku>g, 
Covenant  s.  Ua-Md. 
Cover  vh.Jceb-pa;  ^ebs-pa;  Idub-pa;  Jhm- 

pa. 
Cover,  Covering  s.  Ua-tc^^  Ha-gab,  Ik- 

ybod^  Ka-leb;  Kebs^  Hyebs^  KAs-ma;  go4og: 

turns;  yyogs;  kibs;  covering  for  the  head 

mgo-yydgs.  t»<K  cw«< .  Lc  rv^^^  . 
Cowry  ^on-bu. 
Crab  sdig-srin. 

Crack  vb.  a.  ybog-pa;  vb.  n.  ^as-pa. 
Crack  s.  sgun. 
Craft  (cunning)  dku-lto. 
Crafty  yd-ba. 
Cram  sgrimrpa. 
Crane  (bird)  Mrun-Hrun. 
Crash  s.  sgun. 
Crave  rhab-pa. 
Craw  Ikog-sdg. 
Crawfish  sdig-srin. 
Crawl  gog-pa;  ^pye-ba. 
Cream  spri-ma^  spris-ma,  sris-ma;  ^o-sri: 

)iO-sri. 


Create  —  Darken 


623 


Create  ^od-^va. 

Creator  ^od-pa-po;  mdzad-po. 

Creature  bkod-^a]  ^o^a^  bis-can. 

Credible  ^os-pa. 

Creditor  bun-bddg. 

Creed  ios-rgmd^  ios-bigs. 

Creek  Uug^  Icugs, 

Creep  ^fye-ha,  gog-pa. 

Crescent  s.  zlcc-fsea  Ita-bui H-tho  or  dbyibs. 

Crest  (of  fowl)  bod^dn. 

Crevice  ysen^  sen. 

Cricket  (insect)  cog-bog-pa  W, 

Crime  nyes-pa]  nonspa. 

Cripple  ^a-bo. 

Crippled  Uom-Uan  W.\  Mon-ril  C;  gfum- 

Criticise  Jngs-pa. 

Crocodile  kum-bir-ra. 

Crooked  hig\  kum-pa^  koh"^  %^"P^5  Kons^ 

Jcyog-po'^  dguT\  to  oe  —  dgye-ba. 
Crop  YD.  ytog-pa,  ^ 

Crop  s.  h'tdg,     t^^"-   '  '  f*  ^   ^ 
Cross  s.  brhfah'hih*^  sku-rvrka. 
Cross  vb.  y bod-pa;  rgcd-ba. 
Crouch  mrnrpa. 
Croup,  he  has  the  —  Uoi  Ikog-ma  shram 

son  (his  throat  is  swollen). 
Crow  8.  Ra-ta;  po^dg. 
Crow-bar  gal-ta ;  Ibags-bSr, 
Crowd  8.  lirod-pa;  Icrom;  yseb. 
Crowd  vb.  a.  bbar-ba  C,  bcer-ba  W, 
Crown  s.  bod-pdn]  —  of  the  head  spyi-bo; 

Crown  vb.a.  bod-pan-gyis  brgyan-pa;  v. 

also  fog  ^gelrba. 
Crucible  kon-po  \V,;hi-sky6gs  C. 
Cruel  ynyan-pa;  drag-hd-ban. 
Crumb  cag-aum;  brul;  bir-bir  W, 
Crumble  vb.  a.  gmg-pa;  vb.  n.  gog-pa. 
Crupper  sgal-pa;  rmed. 
Crush  glem-pa;  rdzi-ba. 
Cry  vb.  n.  ^aas-pa^  ^S^ogs-pa, 
Cry  8.  na-ro;  skady  skad-nan;  ba-bd;  —  for 

help  ^O'ddd. 


Crystal  vum-sel^  seL 

Cubit  *ru  61. 

Cuckoo  Hfi-iyua;  kug^se  W, 

Cucumber  ka^ka-rdh  Kun. 

Cultivate  Jba/lnpa;  cultivated  land  klum. 

Cunning  s.  dhi-lto. 

Cup  ko-riy  kor;  koh-po;  tin;  por-pa;  — 

bearer  ysol-dpon. 
Cupboard    ?a. 

Cupping-glass  me-buniy  me-pun. 
Cura  zo^  resp.  ysoUzd, 
Cure  vb.  ybod-^a;  bcos-pa;  Jso-ba;  yso-ba. 
Curious  (inquisitive)  snob-zog-ban. 
Curl  s.  (of  hair)  ral-pa. 
Curled  tsa-^ru  W, 
Currant  nyah-ka  Sp.;  rub-ho  W, ;  (raisins) 

ba-so  Lid.y  ba-ao-ka  C, 
Current  s.  rgyun;  hirrgyun. 
Current  adj.,  to  be  —  (of  coins)  ^rtd-ba, 

Curse  8.  nan;  dmod-pa. 

Curse  vb.a.  nan  ^debs-pa ;  dmod-pa  Jbor-ba, 

Curtain  yol-ba. 

Curve  8.  gye-gu. 

Curve  vb.a.  kug-kug  byedrva;  ^^m-pa; 

curved  kyog-po;  kyag-kydgW,;  to  be  curv- 
ing dgye-ba. 
Cushion  snas;  stan;  Jx)l^  snye-Jbdl;  sob- 

Stan. 
Custom  (use)  Urims;  '60s;  srol;  (toll)  5o- 

gdm. 
Cut  vb.  a.  y bod- pa;  Jog-pa;  dra-ba;  (to 

mow)  rhorba;  to  —  into  pieces  sgraUba; 

^fvb-pa;  V.  JSad-pa;  to  —  off  grum-pa; 

obreg-pa^  ^dreg-pa;  v.  cod-pa;  v.  cad-pa; 

to  —  open  oges-pa;  to  —  out  v.  ybar-ba 

143;  to  —  ufy(nibs-pa;  dmyal-ba. 
Cut  8.  Mram-ka;  (blow)  Ibag;  a  short — 

*gyog-ldm*. 
Cylinder  Jcor-hf^;  praying  —  6os-kyi 

JHor-lo. 
Cylindrical  i*il-ba;  to  be  —  ^gril-ba. 
Cymbal  sbug-hdl;  sbum-zdl  W\;  sil-snydn. 
Cypress  »pa-ma  Sik. 


D 


Daily  adv.  nyin-re-bzm(-du);  hag-dankag, 

Dalai  Lama  ta-lai  bla-ma. 

Dam  8.  hir-rags;  cu-hn. 

Dam  up  vb.  skyil-ba. 

Damage  s.  skyon;  gtcd,  gun;  god;  nyes-pa; 

ynodrpa;  vb.  a.  ynod-pa. 
Damp  adj.  rlan-ban.        .    ' 
Dance  vb.  Jcarn-pa;  bro-brdun-ba  or  Krab- 

pa\  s.  gar;  bro. 
Dancer  gar-m/can. 


Dandelion  Icur-ma,  Kur-tsod, 

Dandy  ^pyor-dga. 

Danger  nyen. 

Dangerous  mar-ruh'ba^ma-runs-pa;ydMg- 

pa-ban;  btsog-pa  W, 
Daring  adj.  rtid-pod-pa;  spobs-pa-ban; 

dpa-ban,  dpa-bo. 
Dark  tkiysgrib-pa;  mun-pa;  smag;{o grow 

—  Jibs-pa;  ^grib-pa. 
Darken  vb.  a.  sgnb-pa;  vb.  n.  ^rib-pa. 


■v/..... 


Ki. 


:■  '  t^ 


-'  '''•!    r(    Vtftv--<«0^-    lA^  »»^(  IHkiv »,  TPC^;- 


624 


Darkness  —  Depository 


6^ 


d^- 


Darkness  mun-pa^  umag-rum. 

Darling,  my  --i  nai yid^on\  cf.also  sdug* 
pa. 

Darn  tur^ba;  snol-ba. 

Dart  8.  mda;  vb.  n.  Jcyug-pa  60. 

Date  8.  (time)  zag-ffrdns;  (fruit)  fca-zur. 

Daub  vb.  skudrpa. 

Daughter  bu-mo^  bo-fno;  sras-mo;  —  in- 
law mna-Tna, 

Dawns,  sh/a-od,  skya-r^a;  fchrdns]  vb.  it 
dawns  skya-rem  har. 

Day  nyirma\  nyin'mo\  zag;  —  and  night 
nyin-m^dn;  —  by  ~  ^ag  dan  iag;  all  the 

—  long  nyin-fse-ri^  every  —  htgdanWr^ 
from  -  to  —  zag-nas  kag-tu;  one  — ,8ome 

—  deu-re;  the  other  —  de-iag  471 W.;  this 

—  five  days  dgus. 

Day-break  nam-lans;  at—  nam-lans^te 

or  nas. 
Dazzle  vb.  n.  fom  par  ^^gyur-ba. 
Dazzling  UroUpO-^  Idam-one-ba. 
Dead  adj.  v.  ^ba;  a  —  man ysin-po;  ro. 
Deaf  ^-pa.     J  .  . 
Deal  with  vb.  spyod-^a. 
Deal  8.,  a  good  —  ga-dhi. 
Dear  ydtg;  ytes-pa;  dkon-pax  gus-po;  rin- 

fan-dariy  rin-dan;  to  hold  —  yde-ba. 
Dearth  zas-dkon  C, 
Death  JH-ba\  forebodings  of  -  ^ct-toM; 

hour  of  —  ^da-ga^  to  seek  —  Ueb-pa, 
Debate  s.  iisod-pa;  vb.  bgro  glen  byed-pa. 
Debt  bunion;  the  —  is  cleared  bu-hn  h'or. 
Debtor  bu-lon-pa. 
Decapitate  she  ybod-pa. 
Decay  s.  Jig-pa. 
Decay  vb.  nytt-ba;  ^for-ba;  nub-pa. 
Decayed  ^/cogs-pa. 
Deceased  ykin-po. 
Deceit  mgo-skdr;  no-lkog;  rdzub]  zog,  zol- 

zdg. 
Deceitful  Ueynyis-pa. 
Deceive  mgo  skor-ba;  rnod-pa;  bio  Jbrid- 

pa^   brid-pa;  slu-ba. 
Deceived  Jcrul-pa. 
Decency  Urel-yod. 
Decent  ^ab-pa. 
Deception  sgyv^zdg, 
Deciae  ycodrpa\  fag-ycod-pa. 
Decided  zad;  v.  jizaorfa ;  to  be      cad-pa. 
Declare  bhad^a. 
Declination  (of  the  sun)  v.  bgrod-pa; 

north  —  byan-bgrod,  south  —  Iho-bgrod. 
Decline  (decay)  vb.  n.  rgvd-pa. 
Declivity  gvA ;  H  yzar-pOj  orag  yzar-po. 
Decoction  fan-gi sman. 
Decorate  sgroip-pa;  brgyan-pa;  spra-ba. 
Decoration  rgyan. 

Decrease  vb.  ^jgyur-ba'^  ^grib^a;  Jbri-ba, 
Decree  s.  bka-hogy  bkonlcriim;  tcra-ma. 
Decrepit  Jcogz-pa. 


Dedicate  sno^a. 
Deed  las;  byorba. 
Deep  adj.  ytin-rin-ba;   zab-pa;   —  (of 

sounds)  rom-^  W. 
Deer  kci^a  Sdc    ^KvX  ^ -^  L  . 
Deface  dma  J^bs-pa. 
Defeat  vb.  jpampar  byedrpa. 
Defect  s.  skyon. 
Defective  ikyon-han. 
Defence  skyabs. 
Defend  skyon-ba;  skyob-pa. 
Defender  (of  religion)  cos-skydii. 
Defer  v.  ^anba. 
Deficient  9gob-9g6b. 
Defile  s.  rem. 
Defile  vb.  bsgo-ba;  Jxig-pa. 
Defilement  grib. 
Deform  vb.  rnd  sdug-par  byed-pa. 
Degenerate  adj.  brgyud-m^d;  rtgs-nydms. 
Degree  (rank)  tem-pa^  femr^nm;  sa  no.  2; 

gOy  go-pan;  a  high  —  v.  rlabs;  by  degrees 

IkCLa-hfis;  mfar-gyis;  rhn-gyis,  rim-pa 

bHn  du 
Dejected  him- pa;  mi  dga-ba^  v.  dgorha 

III;  dman-pa. 
Delay  s.  bhol-ba. 

Delay  vb.,  to  be  delayed  ^gyah-ba. 
Delegate  vb.  a.  mnag-pa. 
Delegate  s.  Uab-po^  resp.  sku-tsdb. 
Deliberate  vb.  bka-bgro-ba^  bgro-ba. 
Deliberation  grabsy  ^dun-may  ^dun-gros. 
Delight  s.dga-ba;  dga-^pr^j  dga-tsdr^ dga- 

rdnSy  dga-mgu;  to  take  —  in  dga-ba^  resp. 

dayes-pa  or  mnyes-pa ;  spro-ba. 
Delighted  dga-mo^  dga-ba,  dga^ctns;  to 

be      dga-ba. 
Delightful  dga-mOy  dga-fsor  ce-ba. 
Delineation  bkod-pa;  r«,  rv^mo. 
Deliver  (rescue)  sgrolrba;  (transfer) sprorf- 

pa;  ytodrpa;  skur-ba. 
Deliverance  (liberation)  grolrba. 
Deliverer  skycAs-mgdn;  srogskyob  W. 
Dell  grog-po. 
Delude  mgo  skor-ba. 
Deluge  8.  hi-riid 
Delusion  snan-^Hrul. 
Delusive  kun-rdzob ;  Jirulsnan-ban. 
Demand  yh.  ^dod-^a. 
Demeanour  spyoa-lam. 
Demon  bgegs;  ^on-po. 
Den  fsan. 

Denomination  ^os-lugs. 
Dense  stugs-po;  Jhig-po. 
Density  dca-ddd. 
Depart  cas-pa;  bhdd-pa;  (deviate)  oSy****" 

ba. 
Depend  upon  rten-pa;  bio  skyel-ba  J^., 

M-ba  C. 
Deportment  spyod-pa. 
Depository  mdzod. 


Depression 

Depression  (incision)  Iton-ga. 
Deprive  Arog-pa;  ^pral-ba;  to  be  depriv- 
ed Jkral'ha. 
Depth  zab-liydd\  ytirr^  zab-pa;  zabs. 
Deranged  ^Hi'ul-ba  no.  3- 
Derangement  skyon. 
Descend  Jbah-pa. 
Descendants  brgyud. 
Describe  sfon-pa ;  J>ri-ba, 
Description  bsad-pa;  bstan-pa;  ynas-fsul^ 

ynas-lugs;  imam-tar^  byed-fsul^  yod-fsuL 
Desert  s.  dgon-pa;  ^brog('8ton). 
Deserted  ston-^a. 
Deserve  v.  ^os-pa. 
Design  vb.a.  (delineate)  Jbri-ba*^  ^god-pa; 

(intend  for)  sno-ba 
Design  s.  rt-mo. 
Desirable  mUo-ba, 
Desire  s.  fob-bid'^  Jbd-pa. 
Desire  vb.  ^dod-pa :  smon-pa ;  zen-pa ;  sred- 

pa;  rnam-pa;  rnab-pa;  rkam-^a. 
Desolate  adj.  no  bah-pa;  zum-pa. 
Despair  s.  yi{d)  ycod-pa\  yi(d)  mug-pa. 
Despair  yh.Ko-tag  ydod-pa;  yi(d)'mtig'pa. 
Despise  bmyas-pa]  r?ian-cen  byed-pa; 

Uyad-du  ysod-pa;  ^yinba;  smad-pa. 
Despond  spa-sgo/i-ba. 
Despondency  zum-pa;  yt(d)  mug. 
Destine  sko-oa;  sho-ba. 
D  estin  y  skal-ba;  sko-ba^bsod-bde;  dbarl-fdn. 
Destitute  kun-gyis  btan-ba;  mgon-vM; 

rten-m^d. 
Destroy  ^em-pa;  rnam-pa;  ^jig-pa;  ^oms- 

pa;  fsar-yi^oa-pa  458;  m^-inLii-bar  byed- 

pa;  med-pa?'  byed-pa. 
Destruction  zig-ral,  v.  ral-ba. 
Detail  s.,  in  —  rgyas-par  109. 
Detain  skyil-ba;  bholi^a. 
Detect  imyed^a;  fob-pa. 
Determine  vb.a.  (induce)  skul-ba;  vb.n. 

(resolve)  faa  y bod-pa. 
Detest  spoii'Oa, 
Develop  vb.  n.  tyyas-pa  109. 
Deviate  Jtyar-ba;  ^ol-ba. 
Devil  bdud;  bgegs. 
Devise  dmtgs-pa-nas  (or  sems-kyis)  yzo- 

ba;  dgonS'pa. 
Devote  vb.  sno-ba. 
Devotion  gus-pa^  dan-ba. 
Devour  dur  mtd-pa;  hab-hdb  za-ba. 
Devout  skal-ddn;  gus-pa;  cos-can;  dan-ba. 
Dew  s.  zil-pa. 
Dexterity  sgyu-rtsdl. 
Dexterous  skyen-pa;  rtsal-can. 
Diadem  cod-pdn. 
Diagram  dkml-Jiar. 
Dialect  skad-lugs. 
Diamond  rdo-rje,  dor-je-pa-ldm. 
Diaphragm  mUn-ri. 
Diarrhoea  Jiru-ba;  sal  T^.  567.   " 


-  Disfigured  ^T^..^^^.  ^Uv. oa.     -  -^^^ 

Dictionary  min-gi  mdzod. 

Die,  dice  s.  co-hj  col;  so;  to  play  at  —  ho 

rtse-ba;  ho  gyed-pa. 
Die  vb.  n.  ^ci-ba^  si-ba;  resp.  dgom-pa^  and 

^roh-ba;  eleg.  ^m-pa;  v.  JUi-ba;  to  — 

out  Jcad'pa. 
Diet  spyod-lam;  lenten  —  dkar-zds. 
Difference  Icyad^  Hyad^ar;  bye-brag;  to 

find  a  —  ynyis-su  jdzin-pa. 
Different  mi-ycig;  fa-dad-pa;  so-sd;  ml- 

^dra-ba;  not  —  ydig-pa. 
Difficult  dka-ba,  dka-bo;  Hag-po^  Uab-le. 
Diffuse  \h.  ^gyed-pa. 
Dig  rko-ba;  bru-ba. 
Digest  ^u-ba;  zu-ba. 
Digestion  ^ju-ba. 
Dignitary  fsan-po. 
Dignity  go-grdl,  go-pdh ;  go-sd ;  gra^ ;  dbu- 

Dike  Su-ragSy  cu-lon;  rags. 

Dilapidated  gog-po. 

Diligence  brtson-^rus;  snyih-rus;  to  use 

—  rtsol-ba  skyed-pa. 
Diligent  brtson-pa-can. 
Diligently  rtsot-bar. 
Dim  adj.  dkrigs-pa;  bkrag-c&r;  man-mun 

Ld. ;  to  grow  —  ^^ib-pa. 
Diminish  vb.  a.  ^pri-ba ;  vb.n.  ^)%-pa. 
Dimness  rab-rib,  hrab-hnb. 
Din  Jlu-^dzi. 
Dip  vb.  spag-pa. 
Diploma  bka-rgya,  bka-sog;  —of nobility 

dpal-gyi  ynah-sog. 
Direct  vb.  a.  ytod-pa;  to  be  — ed  ston-pa^ 

Ita-ba. 
Direction  wo,  nos;  pyogs;  man-ndg;  zal- 

ta;  hed. 
Directly  de-ma-fag-tu. 
Director  *ogo-pon*  C.  '^i^iSf'  ^^  j^^*^-  •    . 
Dirt  dri-ma;  dreg-pa:  rkyag-pa;  Icags-dregs.  ^ , 
Dirty  adj.  dri-ma -can;  btsog-pa;  gos-pay 

mi-ytsan-ba;  fsi-du  W. 
Dirty  vb.  a.  ^go-ba. 
Disadvantage  skyon. 
Disagreeable  mi-sdug-pa;  yid-du-mi ^on- 

ba. 
Disappear  mi-snan-bar  ^yur-ba;  yal-ba; 

medr-par  ^gyur-ba;  Jig-pa;  Jbud-pa. 
Disapprove  Jbr-ba;  mi  ynan-ba. 
Disciple  gnva-pa;  nye-ynas;  shb-Jbdiis. 
Discontented  skyo-mo;  7ni  dga-ba. 
Discontinue  ydod-pa. 
Discord  dbyen-pa;  seL 
Discouraged  no  Jbab-pa. 
Discourse  s.  alen-biydd,  glen-mo;  Ida-gu. 
Discuss  bgrO'ba. 
Disdain  s.  rnan-c&n. 
Disease  s.  nad;  na-ba;  snyun;  chronic  — 

ybon;  fatal  —  ^iH-ndd, 
Disfigured  gya-ba. 

40 


626 


Disgrace  —  Drink 


Disgrace  s.  rkan-^dren^  habs-^dr^. 
Disgrace  vb.  a.  dma-^bebs-pa. 
Disguise  s.  obag;  rdzu-ha. 
Disguise  vb.  a.  ^ebs-pa'^  v.  cos  156. 
Disgust  s.  skyo-Ms]  Icrel;  imam-rtog. 
Dish  ka-to-ra]  sder-ma;  spags]  skyu-rum 

W.        ^^ 
Disheartened  skyo-mo. 
Dishonour  vb.  smadr-pa*,  dma  Jbebs-pa. 
Disk  kyir-kyir^  dkyil-Jl&i''^  Jior-lo^  sgor- 

mo. 
Dislocated,  to  be  —  Jcrul-ha, 
Dismay  s.  hum-pa. 
Dismiss  bka  ^grol-ba;  ^yed-pa^  ytoh-ba^ 

^don-pa. 
Disorder  s.  Jcmg-pa ;  skyon ;  J^ral -Jc.i^l. 
Dispatch  vb.  Tdzoh-ha\  zhg-'pa^  yton-ba^ 

mnag-pa. 
Dispel  zlog-pa. 

Dispense  vb,  (deal  out)  ^brim-pa. 
Disperse  vb.a.  ^gye-ba^  offl/^d-pa ;  ybor^ba ; 

vb.  n.  Jby€r-ba\  yan  ca-ce  W. 
Display  vb.  ^rerm-pa^  ycal-ba. 
Disposition   s.  (character)  rgyud;  nan; 

nan-rgyud;  ran-bzin;  yhu. 
Disputation  rtsod-pa. 
Dispute  vb.  n.  rgol-ba;  rtsod-pa. 
Dispute  s.  Ua-mhiy  rtsod-^a^  ^dztn-mo. 
Dissatisfaction  mi-daa-oai  sems. 
D  i  s  s  a  t  i  s  f  i  e  d  mi-dga-ba ;  al so  Jion-^a, 
Dissect  Jbyed-pa. 

Dissension  Jion-po; nan-sely sel; dbyen-pa. 
Dissertation  rgyvd,  mdo. 
Dissimilarity  Hy ad-par;  mi-^dra-^a. 
Dissolute  ^col-pa;  to  be  —  mi  tsans-par 

spyod-pa. 
Dissolve  vb.  a.  ojig-pa;  to  be  dissolved 

tvmr-pa. 
Dissuade  sgyur- ba ;  zlog-pa. 
Distance  rgyah-ma;  nye-nh;   fag;  pa- 

fsad^  pa-zdd 
Distant  fag-ririi^mo). 
Distend  rkyoii-ba. 

Distinct  Urol-po\  cod-po;  wa-ld^  wal-le-ba. 
Distinction  %ad;  dhye-ba. 
Distinguish  i^amQ-par)  bzag('pa). 
Distinguished  ^pags-pa;  Ky ad-par-can. 
Distorted  ba-bus;  to  be  —  ^Icnd-ba, 
Distress  s.  sdug-bsnal^  mya-nan^  dka-las. 
Distribute  bgod-pa;  Jbrim-pa;  v.  ^gyed- 

pa. 
District  yul-Mg;  yul-lj6ns;  yuUsde;  /cut; 

sde. 
Disturb  dkrug-pa;   yyem-par  byed-pa; 

bar-du  ybod-pa ;  to  be  disturbed  Jirv^-pa, 
Disturber  bstan-kig. 
Ditch  hi-^dbs;  ^obs. 
Diverse  sna-fsogs;  sna-so-so. 
Diversity  bye- ba ;  mi  ^dra-ba. 
Divert  sgyur-ba;  rt&e-ha;  zlog-pa. 


Divide  bgod-pa;  cSy^drpa;  Jyedrpa;  ^^^ 

pa;  to  be  divided  ^^y^- 6a. 
Dividend  bgo-byd. 
Divine  s.  cos-pa. 
Division  dbye-ba;  bye-brag;  Kyad,  kyad- 

par;  hi-tsdn;  mam-pa;  Uag. 
Divisor  bgod'byid, 
Dizzy,  I  am  —  mgo  Jior. 
Do  byed'pa;  spuod^a;  eleg.  bgyidrpa;  resp. 

mazad-pa;  that  will  —  ^dig-pa  yivf  t.: 

des  cog. 
Doctrine  ?os;  bstan-pa. 
Dog  Icyi^  male  —  Hyi^,  fem.  hyi-mo;  mad 

—  Ziyi  smyon-pa;  —  kennel  kyi-Mn^kfr 
put. 

Doll  miu. 

Domain  /cams;  /cut;  dban-ris. 

Domicile  mcis-brdn. 

Dominion  /lams  39;  v.  rgyal  - /iams  m: 

nan;  mna;  ^ab-^dg;  dban-ris;  snd. 
Door  sgo ;  cab-sgo ;  large  —  sgo-mo ;  Uttle  - 

sgeu;  principal  —  rgyal-sgo;  —  bar^'ton- 

pa;  —  frame  sao-^drig;  —  hinge  sgo-lcor, 

go-fnn  W. ;  —  keeper  sgo-pa^  resp.  ?ai«- 

sgo^a.^  sgo-srun. 
Dose  s.  fun. 
Dosser  tse-po,  tsel-po. 
Dot  s.  fseg. 
Double  adj.  ynyis  -  Iddb;  —  tongued  Ice- 

ynyis'pa;  —  barreled  gun  nyi-ragW.;  (?. 

sbrag-pa);  fsan-yd. 
Double  vb.  a.  skum-pa. 
Doubts,  fe-  tsdm;  fsmi-pa;  fsom^fsdm ;  yid- 

ynyis. 
Doubtful  ytol-med. 
Dough  skyo-ma ;  bag-zan. 
Down  adv.  fur;  fen4a  C;  ysam-du;  to  go 

—  nub-pa,  Jbab-pa, 
Downward  mar^  mas;  ^og-tu^  kod-du. 
Dowry  rdzons. 

Doze  vb.  nyid  fom-pa. 

Drag  vb.  Jdrud-pa. 

Dragon  Jyru^- 

Dram  s.  (weight)  lo  478. 

Draught  s.  (drawing)  bkod-pa;  ri-mo: 
(drink)  Au6. 

Draw  (pull)  Jen-pa;  ^dren-pa;  to  -  in 
rnub-pa;  s/cum-pa;  to  —  out  Jen -pa: 
fyyin-pax  to  —  up  (to  compose)  ^jgodrpa. 


Dreadful  Jigs-pa, 
-lam^ 
rmi-ba. 


Dream  s.  rmi-lam^  resj^,  mnal-lam;  vb. 


Dress  s.  ^os,  cas;  resp.  na-bza. 

Dress  vb.  a.  (to  clothe)  shonrpa;  (to  cook) 

Jsod-pa,  Jsed-pa;  to  ~  wounds  sdom-pa. 
Dressed  up  zab-mo. 
Dried  skamrpo;  —  up  kum-pa. 
Drink  vb.  Jun-ba, 
Drink  s.  skyems;  zal-skdm;  meat  and 

bza-btun. 


Drinkable  water  —  Elsewhere 


627 


Drinkable  water  skems-ifu. 

Drin king-cup  skyogs;  can-dan,  par-pay 

ko^re  W, 
Drip  vb  jizag-pa. 
Drive  vb.  ^ded-pa;  to  —  back  ^ogs-pa; 

zlog-pa;  to  -  out  skrod-pa;  bda-ba. 
Driver  ^dedrmi. 
Drop  s.  figs-pa. 
Drop  vb.  a.  krul  yton-ba;  vb.  n.  ^dzag'pa\ 

^cor^a. 
Dropsy  pags'cu;  snyin-cu;  dmu-hi. 
Dross  Uags-drigs, 

Drowned,  to  be  —  Jmb-pa;  cus  Jiyer-ba, 
Drum  s.  rna\  —  skin  r/ta-lpags',  —  stick 

rna-Udg. 
Drummer  rna-pa. 
Drunk  ra-ro-ba;  bzi-canW,-,  to  get  —  62*- 

ba,     C  .  "^  ^'^  '  '-'  ^    - 
Drunkard  can^ad-ban  W. 
Drunkenness  ra^o. 
Dry  adj.  skam-pa,  skam-po-,  skem-pax  — 

weather,  drought  tan-pa. 
Dry  vb.  a.  skem-pa. 
Dryness  skavtrpa. 
Duck  s.  (water-fowl)  nur-ba. 


Due  adj.  dgos-pa. 

Duel  s.  Jirug-pa, 

Dulcimer  yan-ljin  Ts, 

Dull  adj.  Utigs-pa;  glen-pa\  rtul-po]  blun- 

pa. 
Dullness  rmu-ba. 
Dumb  Ikugs-pa'^  smra-mi-nus-pa. 
Dumpling  cu-ta-gir  W, 
Dung  s.  Iba  Ld.\  Ici-ba  W,;  btncn. 
Dungeon  Uri-mun\  btson-don. 
Dupe  vb.  a.  mgo  skor  byed-pa  25- 
During  prep,  /cons-su;  na  298;  rin-la. 
Dusky  vxan-miin. 
Dust  s.  Uyim-8a\  fal-ba^  rdul\  pye-ma] 

cloud  of  —  bud.   t^di^Jr,  l"c      •      '    ' 
Duty  iW/;  /crirm;  sdom-pa;  moral  —  fsut- 

Rrims\  (tax)  dpya\  so-gdm. 
Dwarf  miu. 
Dwell  ynas-^ay  ^dug-pa\  8dod-pa\  resp. 

bluas'pa\  Jiod-pa, 
Dwelling  s.  ynas-Kan,  pias-fsait;  eleg. 

mcis'bran\  temporary  —  J>ran'Sa. 
Dwindle  yal-ba. 
Dye  s.  tso8\  vb.  a.  fsos  rgyag-pa. 
Dynasty  rgyal-brgyud;  rgyaUrdbs. 


Each  kun\  re,  re-ri 

Eager  ^dod-can^  ^dod-ldan;  to  be  —  ^dod- 

pa\  sred-pa. 
Eagle  go-bo'^  glag. 
Ear  t'na'ba;  resp.  snyan;  —  ache  ma-ba 

na-ba;  —  hole  ma-Kun]  —  shot  rgyan- 

grogs;  —  wax  klog-pa;  ma-Uydg;  —  of 

corn  snye-ma. 
Early  adj.  and  adv.  v.  siia  135;  earlier  s/m- 

Twa,  siiU'Tno;  earlier  or  later  sha-^rti/i-du. 
Earn  Utig-pa, 

Earnest  s.,  in  good  —  don-ddm. 
Earnestly  snyiit-nas ;  v,  also  yan-dag-pa^ 

sub.  dag-pa  248. 
Earth  sa;  sa  ien-po;  —  quake  sa-^^/os;  san- 

gul  W, 
East  har. 

Easy  sla-ba\  Ihod-pa. 
Eat  za-ba^  bza-ba\  resp.  ysoUba;  mcod-pa; 

V.  also  Jun-ba\  to  —  up  ma-Vus-par  za-ba. 
Echo  s.  brag-ba;  sgra-^mydn. 
Eclipse  of  the  moon  zla-jdzin,  of  the  sun 

nyi-jizin. 
Edge  Afa;  ^a-ga;  mfa\  zur;  —  of  a  knife 

dno. 
Edict  bka-sogy  ysun-sog ;  bkar-btags-pa. 
Edifice  bkoa-pa^. 
Educate  Jso-ba\  ysoba^  yso-skyon  byed- 

Effect  vb.  a.  byedrpa. 


Effect  s.  Jbvas-bu'j  effects  (goods)  ca-lag 

W,y  lag-ca^  ijo-byad. 
Effervesce  Jiol-ba, 
Efficacy  nus-pa. 
Egg  sgo-nd^  ful  W, 
Egotism  bdag-^dzin  268. 
Egypt  mi-sSr  yul 
Eight  num.  brgyad;    eighth  brgyad-pa\ 

eighteen  cu-brgyad;  eighteenth  bu-brgyad- 

pa;  eighty  brgyad-bu;  eightieth  brgyad- 

bu-pa. 
Either  —  or  yan-na — yan-na. 
Eject  skrod-pa;  ^dor-ba. 
Elapse  ^da-oa. 

Elbow  grvr-mo,  gre-mio ;  dre-bo. 
Elder  adj.  &-ia,  cen-po;  —  brother  jo-60; 

tu-bo. 
Elder  s.  rgad-po. 
Election  ydavi-ka. 
Electuary  Ide-gu. 
Element  J)yu7i'ba;  Uams, 
Elephant  glah^  glan-po-ce^  glah-cin. 
Elevate  sgro- ^dogs-pa;  ^degs-pa;  spar-ba; 

sen-ba. 
Eleven  bbtt-yctg;  eleventh  bbu-ycig-pa. 
Elk  ka-hd  ha-ba. 
Eloquence  Ka-sbyan, 
Eloquent   nag-dodn;   Ua-sbyah-po;  /'o- 

higs-ban  W, 
Elsewhere  yian-du. 


628 


Emanate  —  Exact 


Emanate  ^jyro-ba. 

Emanation  sprul-ha  336. 

Emboss  pur-oa. 

Embrace  vb.  Jiifud'j)a\  ^UHl-ba^  jdzin- 

pa;  Uyab'pa, 
Emerald  ma-rgdd^ 
Emerge  Jyyun-ba, 
Emetic  skyug-smdn. 
Eminent  fcyad-var-ban;  pun-sum-fsogs- 

pa]  rgyal-oa;  pul-tu  byim-ba. 
Emit  Jyifin-pa. 

Emmet  gre-mog-bu  W,\  grog-ma. 
Empale  ysal'sin-la  skyon-pa. 
Emperor  rgyal-po  cen-po. 
Empire  k'anis]  yul-Udvis;  rgyaUlidg, 
Employ  skyel'ba;  spyod-pa;  to  be  ~ed  or 

busy  brel'ba. 
Empty  ston-pa;  to  make  —  stons-pa. 
Emulate  ^gran-^a. 
Emulation  ^-an-sevis. 
Enabled,  to  be  —  Mom-pa  44. 
Encampment  sgar-,  dmag-sgdr. 
Enchanter  ^on-po^  enchantress  ^oti-ba' 

vw. 
Encircle  skor-ba. 
Enclose  skot^-ba. 
Enclosure  skor-ba;  ra-ba. 
Encompass  ^k'yigs^a;  Jiyfod-pa;  skar-ba. 
End  s.  mjug;  mta^  mfa-rna;  }mg\  )zug\ 

towards  or  at  the  —  mfa-ini,  mfar\  to  be 

at  an  —  rdzogs-pa,  zin-pa. 
Endeavour  vb./'feo/-ia;  Ihur  len-pa;  don- 

du  ynyer-ba;  s.  ^ims-pa. 
Endless  mfa-yds;  mta-m^d. 
Enemy  dgra^  dgra-bo;  pa-rol-po;  Jtse-ba, 
Energy  higs. 
Engagement  (promise)  cad\  sdom-pa;  v. 

also  Zos,  brel-ba. 
Engrave  rko-ba. 
Enjoin  skul-ba. 

Enjoy  Ions  spyod-pa;  —  one's  self  rfe^-6a. 
Enjoyment  Lonsspydd;  nyams-myoh. 
Enlarge  rgyas-pa;  ^pel-ba;  dar-ba^  — 

upon  sprchba. 
Enough  fsad;  cog-pa;  to  be  —  Jcyed-pa; 

Ensnare  dkri-ba. 

Enter  vb.  a.  Jtig-pa;  Jsugs-pa;  Jmd-pa; 

vb.  n.  hcd-pa. 
Enter tainme n t  mgron;  v. also  mcod-ston. 
Entire  Uan-ma;  ril-ba;  son-te  W, 
Entity  no-bo-nyid  V2^y,  ^os-nyid  IM. 
Entrails  rgyu-ma,  nan-Urol. 
Entrance  (vestibule)  sgo-Udn, 
Entrust  Jiol-ba;  ytod-pay  ynyer-Ua  ytad- 

pa. 
Enumerate  sgi-an-ba^  bsgra/n-ba\  jiren-pa. 
Enumeration  mam-grdm. 
Envelope  yi-gei  hibs. 
Envious  prag-dog-ian;  v.  also  be^^. 


Envoy  p'o-nya. 

Envy  s.  prag-dog;  migsSr, 

Envy  vb.  prag-pa. 

Epidiemy  nm^-Tiad);  nan  rims. 

Epilepsy  kyab'jug\yza'ndd;yza'pog-pa. 

Epistle  yi-ge. 

Epitaph  duT-byan, 

Equal  mnyam-pa ;  snyoms-po  201 ;  ^dra-ba ; 

mf suns-pa. 
Equality  mnyam-pa-nyid^  ^dra-mi-^dra. 
Equanimity  snyoms-pa;  btan-snydms. 
Equivalent  s.  dod;  tsab. 
Eradicate  rtsad-nas  y cod-pa. 
Erect  adj.  kye-re;  Uroh-iie, 
Erect  vb.  a.  sgren-ba;  ^dzugs-pa;  bzen-ba. 
Err  Jcyar-ba;  Jcrul-ba;  ^ol-ba;  nor-ba. 
Error  ^gal-sa;  Jcrul-so^  Jcrul-yzi, 
Eructation  skytig-lddd;  sgreg^a. 
Escape  vb.  JSor-ba;  Jbwd-pa, 
Escort  s.  shjeUma;  bsel(-oa),  lam-bsil. 
Escort  vb.  rdzon  ^debs-va. 
Especially  Uyad-par-au, 
Essence  no-bo-nyid  129;  bead  (quintes- 
sence) 147. 
Establish  ^od-pa, 
Estafet  rta-zam-pa. 
Esteem  s.  pu-dtiul;  rtsis;  ya-ha. 
Esteem  vb.  a.  bkur-ba;  yces-par  byed-pa 

or  ^dzin-pa. 
Estimation  rtsis;  fsod  ^jQ, 
Eternal  rtag-pa;  skye-Ji-med-pa. 
Eternity  rtag-tu-ba  (?). 
Ether  mka. 
Etymology  fa-snydd. 
Eunuch  nyicg-rum,        '^tiu    >'  ^ 
Euphony  sgra-dbyahs,    ^    ^ 
Europe  rgya-pi-lin;  pyi-glin^  vulgo  pi-Uh, 
European  s.  pa-rdn^  pe-rdn ;  pi-lih-pa. 
Evade  Jur-ba,  Jlzur-ba;  Jol-ba;  Jor-ba, 
Evangelist  prin-bzan  sgrog-^a^-po). 
Evaporate  fim-pa. 
Even  adj.  7nnyam-pa, 
Even  vb.  a  (to  level)  snyom-pa. 
Even  adv.  fa-na;  yan;  not  —  v.  yan  505. 
Evening  ntd);  ntib-7no;  dgons. 
Evenness  nyamrpa-^yid. 
Event  rkyen;  dnos-po;  at  all  events  as 

kyan^  gan  yin  kyati  65;  ga-na-med  W.. 

gar-mid  W. 
Ever  rtag-tu:  ytan-du;  dus-rgyun-du. 
Every  kun;  re,  re-r4;  v.  gan  65;  —  day 

dkyus-ma;  ^ag  dan  zag  248;  —thing  ban; 

ci;  kun. 
Everywhere  kun-tu;  v.  ^V  141. 
Evidence  rgyurmfsan  ill. 
Evident  mnon-pa. 
Evidently  v.  nes-pa  128. 
Evil  s.  nan;  nyes-pa. 
Evil  adj.  nan-pa;  fu-ba;  —  spirit  ^on-po. 
Exact  adj.  iib-pa. 


^- 


t- 


Exactly  —  Family 


629 


Exactly  tco-na;  ran;  —  that  cfe-<K  256. 

Exaggerate  sgro-Jbgs-pa. 

Exalt  sffro' ^dogs-pa. 

Exalted  ^^ags-pa,  i^      . 

Examination  brtags-dpyad,-    '^'^^^        a 

Examine  rfog-pa;  dpyod-pa;  yztg-pa;  sad^ 

pa. 
Example  dpe;  dpe-bridd. 
Excavate  ydon-oa;  slmg-pa. 
Excavation  sbicgs;  son. 
Excellence  dnos-g^nib;  'Se-ba. 
Excellent  rgyal  ba ;  Kyad-par-lan ;  ybes- 

pa;  pun-fsdgs;  ^pags-pa. 
Except  prep,  ma ytogs-par;  min^  minpar. 
Exchange  s.  (agio)  p'ar. 
Excite  shn-ba^  dJcrog-pa. 
Exclaim  ^bod-pa. 
Exclusively  Ho-na. 
Excrement  rkyag-pa;  rtug-pa;  dri^nia. 
Excrescence  Iba-ba;  mdzer-pa;  ^dzer-pa. 
Execrate  rian  Jlebs-pa;  rnnan-pa;  dmod- 

pa  Jbor-ba, 
Exercise  s.  (bodily)  spyod-lam  335;  —  of 

religion  cos-spyod. 
Exercise  vb.  a.  sbyon-ba;  lag-tu  len-pa. 
Exert  one's  self  ^bad-pa. 
Exertion  Jbad-pa;   brtson-pa;  don-ynyir; 

dka-ba. 
Exhausted  nyams-tag^a;  to  bo  —  (con- 
sumed) ^dzad'pa\  zin-pa;  (tired)  Jcad- 

pa;  nal'^cadr-pa^  fan-^cad^pa. 
Exhort  skul-ba;  skul^cag  byed-pa\  bslab- 

bua  byed-pa^  or  ston-pa,  or  btan^ba. 
Exhortation  bskul-ba,  bskul-mu;  snyiii- 

ytam;  lun^  lun-bstdn;  bslab-bya;  farewell 

—  Ua-cems.  > 

Exile  vb.  a.  ynas-nas  dgar-ba.  ^ 

Exist  cf.  ^dug-pa;  yod-pa;  skye-ba. 
Existence  skye-ba;  siid-pa. 
Exorcise  dam-la  ^dogs-pa.  O      '3^- 


Expanse  kloii;  Ma-s^M. 

Expect  sgitg-pa. 

Expedient  adj.  pan  -^dogs  -  pa,  pan- fogs- 
can;  rigs-pa  528",  don-byed-nus-pa 
Mjjxpel  skrod-pa;  jil-ba;  ^don-pa;  spyug- 
^     pa;  Jmd-pa;  zhg-pa. 

Expend  skyag-pa. 

Expenditure,  Expense  ogro-sgo;  skyag- 
pa,  skyag-sgo. 

Expensive  gtis-po. 

Experience  vb.  a.  myon-ba,  nyams-su 
myon-ba;  v.  also  sbyofi-ba. 

Rxpeiience  s.  shbs. 

Experienced  (skilled)  mk'as-pa. 

Expiation  sdig-bhags. 

Expire  ^da-ba. 

Explain  ^grel-ba^  ^rol-ba;  no  sprod-pa; 
J! ad-pa  \  bsad-pa. 

Explanation  brda-sprdd, 

Kxploit  Icyo  ga. 

Expressly  ced-du. 

Exquisite  mbog-tu  bkrab;  ky ad-par  ^pags- 
pa. 

Extend  rkyon-ba;  bsnar-ba. 

Extension  /cyon;  gu. 

Extensive  rgyas-pa;  yans-pa. 

Extent  Kyon;  rgya,  rgya-kyon^  rgya-ba; 
cuken  158. 

Exterior  s.  mam-pa;  ca-byad  152. 

External  pyii^  v.  pyi  III  349;  —  appear- 
ance ca-byad,  j)yi-?vL 

Extinct,  to  become  —  ^cad-pa;  si-ba. 

Extinguish  ysod-pa. 

Extra  Jeb. 

Extract  vb.  a.  bku-ba;  Jbyin-pa;  ^don-pa. 

Extraction  (descent)  rigs. 

Extremity  (end)  mfa-ma,  zur. 

Eye  s.  mig^  resp.  spy  an;  —  brow  smin-ma; 
—  lash  rdzi-^ma\  mAg-yhoq,  resp.  spyan- 
ysog;  —  lid  mig-pdg  C,  T^. 


Fable  s.  sgruns. 

Fabricate  vb.  a.  ^cos-pa;  bbo-ba;  byed-pa; 

bzo-ba;  to  be  fabricated  grub-pa. 
Face  s.  ydon\  iw;  l^a;  skye-sgd;  sgo-lo;  bzin; 

in  the  —  of  Ha-i^,  Kar, 
Face  vb.  (to  be  directed  towards)  ston-pa. 
Fail  vb.  (to  misvs)  mi  Ues-pa  6'.;  mi-Jebs- 

pa  W.;  (to  err)  ^gol-ba;  (to  dwindle)  yal- 

Faint  adj.  nyams-cun;  to  get  —  ycon-ba. 
Faint  vb.  n .  brgyal-ba ;  Jcam-pa, 
Fair  ad],  mdzes-pa;  mfsar-ba;  bzah-ba. 
Faith  dad-pa. 

Faithful  dad-pa;  y dens-pa;  slu-m^d;  gyo- 
sqyti-mid. 


Falchion  gri-gug. 

Falcon  Ura. 

Fall  vb.  ^ril-ba;  ^yel-ba;  Itun-ba;  Jbab- 
pa;  to  —  in  drops  Jig-pa;  to  —  oS  ^byi- 
ba;  to  —  to  pieces  Jig-pa;  ^HUba  W,; 
to       upon  Jbum-pa. 

Fall  s.  Itun-ba, 

Fallow  yan-pa. 

False  mi  bden-pa;  rdzus-ma;  yyo-ban;  — 
charge  lia-yog;  snyad;  -  conception  bdos- 
pa;  —  sentiment  Ita-ldg^  log-lta. 

Falsehood  dkyus;  Ha-Ub;  rdzun. 

Fame  grags-pa. 

Family  brgyud;  ydun;  bu-smdd; yiis-mad; 
robs;  rigs-brgyud;  rus.     v. 


630 


Famine  —  Firm 


Famine  mu-ge. 

Famous  grags-ban.  ^ 

Fan  s.  Jfr^orydb,  .Cvvx.^.-*':  .  ^^  ..•a,  C 

Fan  vb.  a.  ^/Irab-pa;  v.  yab-Tno, 

FaDcy  vb.  a.  sgom-pa;  dmigs-pa;  sems-pa; 

vb.  n.  mno-ba. 
Fancy  s.  dmigs-pa]  serm-kyi  snah-ba. 
Fang  /rem;  m^e-ba^  mce-so. 
Far  rgyan-rin-fOy  rgyans  107;  {fag'^rin'ba\ 

mi  nye-ba^  as  —  as  bar-du^  Uad-du\  — 

famed  sgra-c^;  —  from  Ita  H  smos  215. 
Farewell  w.ga-le^A;  to  say—  y-pgi-pyag^ 

sub  pyag. 
Farm  s  gran-bzis]  —  sievfhrd ynyer-pa  194. 
Farmer  /Syim-pa-pa;  zin-pa  475. 
Farsightedness  mig-rgydn  iH- 
Farther  par. 
Fashion  s.  ?os;  lugs. 
Fast  adj.  mgyogs-pa\  myur-ba. 
Fast  vb.  n.  smyun-ba\  dge-ba  srun-ba. 
Fasten  sdom-pa\  ^groas-pwy ^dogs-pa-,  sginl- 

6a;  sbyor-ba-^  sbrel-ba. 
Fasting  s.  bsnyen-ynas,  smyuii-ynas. 
Fat  adj.  rgyas-pa-,  fso-ba^  fson-po. 
Fat  s.  fsil;  melted  —  tsU-Ziu',  zag.    . 
Fatal  byur-gyi\  nyen-dan;  ma-run-bai 

hrog-leriy  hrog-^prog. 
Fate  skaUba^  las-bskos  v.  sko-ba  24;  bsod- 

pa\  dban-fdri]  cf.  also  lan-cags  and  las- 

^pro. 
Father  j5a,  resp  yab\  —  in  law  gyos-po; 

skud-po. 
Fathom  s.  ^doms-pa. 
Fatigue  s.  /iaZ,  resp.  ^o-brgyal. 
Fatigue  vb.  a.  iial  jug-pa^  to  be  fatigued 

nal-ba,  resp.  sku-rtal-ba,  fugs  nal-ba. 
Fault  skyon\  nonS'pa\  Jsan, 
Faulty  skyon-dan. 

Favour  s.  bka-dnn;  v.  ynan-ba  II  309. 
Favourable  mfun-pa-,   —  circumstance 

mfun-rky^. 
Favourite  s.  snyin-sdug;  sdug-pa. 
Fear  s.  Jigs-pa,  Jigs-skrag,  Jigs-^n;  bag- 

fsa  {-ba). 
Fear  vb.  Jigs-pa;  dnan-ba;  dogs  pa. 
Fearless  Jigs-mM;  bag-med. 
Feast  s.  d(/a-ston;  mgron\  ston-mo. 
Feather  spu;  quill  —  sgro. 
Fee  s.  gla\  rnan-pa\  bag-his. 
Feeble  kyar-ky6r\  ky6r\  nya-ra-nyo-rL 
Feed  stob-pa;  snyodrpa\  ^(yr-baW.\  Jso-ba^ 

yso-ba. 
Feel  reg-pa,  fsar-ba\  to  —  cold  Jiyags-pa. 
Feeling  s.  reg-bya. 
Feign  vb.  n.  bdos-pa  148;  v.  lugs  byed-pa 

(lugs  no.  2,  548);  fsul-du  byed-pa  (fsul  no. 

1,450). 
Fellow  grogs'y  ya-do  W.\  —  labourer  las- 

grogB\  —  lodger  ^dug- grogs,  bran-grogs, 

resp.  bhugs-grogs;       traveller  lam-grdgs. 


Felt  B.pyin-pa, 

Female  mo. 

Fen  ^dam\  gramr-pa. 

Fence  s.  /^-ra;  skyor-ba;  ta-ber  W.:  p^ 

^u;  ra-ba. 
Ferment  vb.Q&Wa;  s.hhriW.^is^rU'ma. 
Fern  skyes-ma. 
Ferocious  nar-po. 
Ferry  s.  g}^\  razins,  yzins. 
Ferry- man  gru-pa;  cu-pyag-pa;  mnyan- 

pa. 
Festival  dus-<!en. 

Fetter  vb.  a.  sbrel-ba;  J^yig-pax  Jcih-ba. 
Fetters  s.  sgrogs;  Uags,  idags-sgrog;  bcins- 

pa. 
Fever  fsad-pm  nod  C.\  fsan-zug  W, 
Few  nyuh'7iu\  a  few  ^d,  ^a  tsam\  nyun- 

nu  zig-y  big  140;  la-Id  C. 
Fibs.  io6,  yhb. 
Fibre  rgyus-pa. 
Fickle  gyi-na;  ya-ma-brla;  ogyur-Uog, 

skad  ycig  kyan  mi  fsugs-pa. 
Fickleness  ^yur-ldog,  Idog-^gyur. 
Fictitious  bdoS'pa ;  dmigs-pa-nas bzos-pa. 
Fidget  vb.  ^par-ba. 
Field  zi/i;  kluns;  -  terrace  dan-tse  W\ 
Fife  glin-bu. 
Fifth  Ina-pa;  fifteen  bto-lna;  fifteenth  Mo- 

lna-pa\  nfty  Ina-bdu]  fiftieth  Ina-btu-pa. 
Fight  s.  Jab-wjo, 

Fight  vb.  ^.gyed-pa\  rgol-ba\  ^fab-pa;  Jab- 
mo  bued-pa\  vb.  n.  ^/crug-pa;  ogran^pa; 

rgol-oa;  rtsod-pa\  ^dzih-ba. 
Figure  s.  dkyit-lcor;  skye-yztigs;  Mod-pa; 

mam-^yiir\  dbyibs;  yzugs]  bzo,  zo\  ri- 

mo;  ris. 
Figured  (variegated)  ^ti'a  W. 
File  s.  (tool)  Icags-bdar;  sed. 
File  vb.  (to  string)  rgyud-pa;  star-ba. 
Fill  vb.  Kyab-pa;  ^eiis-pa. 
Filter  s.  fsag-ma;  vb.  a  ^fsag-pa. 
Filth  dri-ma ;  mp-ytsan-ba  433 ;  grib. 
Find  tob'pa;  myed-pa;  Kug-pa, 
Fine  adj.  Cbeautiful)  rndzes-pa;  sdug-pa: 

mtsar-ba;  (not  coarse) 2*6-pa;  lag-fnoW.: 

(thin)  srab-pa. 
Fine  s.  (penalty)  rgyal,  ston. 
Finger  ser-mo,  sor-mo,  resp.  jhfag-s(fr\ 

Tndzub-mOy  mdzug-gu;  —  ring  ser-ydub, 

sor-ydub,    $0   -  ^  i^  • 
Finish  vb.  sgi*ub-pa;  to  be  finished  ^rub- 
pa;  ^ar-ba;  rdzogs-pa;  ^dzad-pa;  zin-pa. 
Fir  faii-hin;  som,  ysom,  so77i-^n. 
Fire  s,m£;  —  brand gal-m^;  —  fly  ^od-pro- 

Jm  W.;  —  place  taby  me -tab;  —  tongs 

me-Un, 
Firm  (solid)  micran;  mUregs-pa;  sra-ha\ 

(trodden)   ^ag-can  167;  (tight)  fan-po^ 

dam-po;  (sure)  btsan;  nea-pa;  (steady)  v. 


fsugs-pa. 


;3V 


O-  - 


(?  f  •--  oUk-^  *  C 


Firmness  —  Fort 


631 


Firmness  (of  mind)  smfin-rus. 

First  dan-po;  snor-ma;  vigo^ma;       born 

mgo-^m'^  s/ion-skyes;  —  part  stod  223;  adv. 

(at  first)  mgo-ma  W,\  snasor^  sna-gdn; 

snar;  ydig-tu;  fog-mar, 
Firstfruits  pud. 
Firstly  dan-por. 
Fish  s.  nya;  —  bone  nya-grd. 
Fish  vb.  nya  rnon-pa;  nya  yhor-bcL. 
Fishing-hook  mcil-pa. 
Fishing -net  nya-rgya^  nya- d6L 
Fissure  rgya-sh*'^  ser-ka. 
Fist  Hu-tsur. 
Fit  vb.  a.  V.  sging-pa  120;  to  —  out  sovi-pa ; 

to  be  —  ^fadr-pa'y  min-ba. 
Five  Ina, 
Fix  vb.  a.  ^odrpa\  sbym^-ba;  -  a  time  dtts 

byed-pa. 
Flabby  kyom. 

Flag  s.  dar;  —  ^XxJS dar-po-cL  ^^  ^^^   ^ 
Flageolet  glin-bu.      J.,    ;  /.     V- 
Flame  s.  Ibe,  me-lce. 
Flannel  fer-ma. 
Flap  s.  gos  sgdb. 
Flash  vb.  ^^yug-pa. 
Flat  adj.  leb-mo;  mnyam-pa. 
Flatten  vb.  a.  gleb-pa. 
Flatter  stod-pa;  mol-Ue  btan-ba  W. 
Flatterer  no  stod-Uan, 
Flattery  ycavi-bu. 
Flatulence  pyen;  ^og-rlun. 
Flavour  s.  ^ro-ba'^  ro. 
Flaw  s.  ho-re  W. 
Flea  lcyirHg\  ^i-ba. 
Flee  Joros-pa. 
Fleece  s.  baUrgydb. 
Flesh  ^a;  —  fly  ha-sbrdn. 
Flexible  hyom-^  mnyen-pa. 
Fling  vb.  rgyab-pa\  rgyag-pa  C;  dbyug- 

pa  6'.;  ^pen-pa;  skyur-ba\  Jbor-ba. 
Flint  Ibag-^do;  Icags-mag, 
Float  vb.  n.  Idin-ba. 
Flock  s.  fcyu^  k'yu-bo. 
Flog  Uag-gis  yzu-ba,  v.  also  skar-ba. 
Flood  s.  cu-log. 
Floor^s.  yh-ma;  (bottom)  mfU  240;  sen  W.; 

^an-^dar  C;  ground  —  ^og-kanr 
Flour  s.  pyex.Ub. 
Flourish  vb.  bde-ba;  Jsen-ba, 
Flourish  s.  (in  writing)  ri-yno  kyag-kyog. 
Flow  vb.  ^bab'pa;  s.  rgyun  112. 
Flower  s.  me-tog;  —  bed  rka;  —  garden 

sdti/m-ra. 
Fluid  s.  ku-ba. 
Flute  pred-glin. 
Flutter  s.  krag-fhtcg  49. 
Fly  vb.  ^pur-ba;  to  -  up  ^par-ba  356. 
Fly  s.  sVrah-ma,  '< ''  -  -  ,  -       ^ 

Foal  rteu\  —  of  an  ass  gu-rug. 
Foam  s.  Ibthba^  dbunba. 


Fodder  s.  ^ag. 

Foe  dgra,  dgra-bo;  pa-rol-pa  apd  po. 
Fog  kug^ma\  na-bun\  rmtigs-pa. 
Fold  s.  (plait)  Itab'jna;  (pen)  Uias-ma, 
Fold  vb.  a.  (to  plait)   Itab-pa-,  (to  pen) 

dgar-ba. 
Follow  Jyrah-ba^  t^es-su  ^ro-ba;  ycod-pa. 
Follower  bstan-^dzin. 
Following  pyi(s)-, pyir  I,  2 ;  ^di. 
Fond,  to  be  —  of  . . .  la  cags-pa^  len-pa. 
Fondness  kH- ba ;  zen-Uris^  hen-cags-pa. 
Fontanel  klad^sgo;  mfsogs-Tna-,  Jsans-pai 

hi-ga. 
Food  za;s^  resp.  zal-zds^  bzes-pa;  b^os;  ^- 

zds\  zaba^  za-ma\  lU>\  —  of  animals  bzan. 
Fool  s.  glen-pa^  blun-pa^  blwn^o,     l^V«>|-\o^^  •  C 
Foolish  glen-pa'^  blunr^a\  blo-med,        "^ 
Foot  rkat'i  pa^  resp.  ^abs*^  —  bridge  dem- 

tsi  Lh  ;    -  path  rkan-lam;  ^pran,  lam" 

QpraTi;  —  race  ban;  —  ring  rkan-ydvh\ 

--  soldier  rkan-fan-pa^   —  stool  rkan- 

stegs;  —  of  a  hill  rtsa-ba;  on  foot  rkan- 

fan-du  or  la. 
Footprint,  Footstep  rkan-rjes. 
For  don-du;  v.  pyogs  352;  —  forty  days 

zag  bzi-bcui  bar-du^  ^ag  bM^bdu  fug  W. 
Forbear  vb.  a.  ^yod-mi  r/no-ba  98. 
Forbid  og^gs-pa^  mi ynan-ba. 
Force  s.  mfu;  dban\  nar-ba^  sed-dhdn  W, 
Force  vb.  dban-med-du  ^col-ba\  v,  also 

nan-gyis;  sed-kyer^nag-pos  W. 
Ford  vb   rgal-ba. 
Fore,  —  arm  lag-ndi*;  —  &ager  mdzub-mo] 

—  part,  —  side  nar^  Hay  mdun  nos. 
Foregoing  snon-gro;  sna-ma. 
Forehead  fod-pa;  dpral-ba. 
Foreign  yan-pa ;  ^zan-ma ;  pyii ;  —  country 

byes,  hw  :  <^  r  '3  u  .  O 
Forenoon  ^sna-fog;  sna-dro. 
Foreskin  sgo-pur;  mdun-  Ipags^  ^dom- 

Ipags. 
Forest  nags  (-ma),  nags-yseb\  nags-fsal^ 

nags'krod;  fsai. 
Forget  tyed-pa ;  yi-ybod-pa,  resp.  fugs  yyel- 

ba  W. 
Forgive  vb.  a.  (not  resenting)  62fod-pa498; 

(to  leave  unpunished)  ^jod-mi  i*mo~ba\ 

(to  efface)  sel-ba ;  (to  wash  away)  dag-pa. 
Fork  ka-brdg;  sa-^dzin. 
Form  s.  (mould) jpar;  (figure)  dbyibs; yzu^gs; 

cas;  grammatical  —  fsig. 
Form  vb  &,  skyed-pa. 
Former  adj.  gon^  gon-rna;  siion-^ro]  dan- 

po\  -  part  stod\  —  time  snon-roL 
Formerly  sna-ddd^  sna-gon, sna-bar; snan, 

snar]  snon. 
Fornicate  ^cal-ba ;  v.  yyem-pa. 
Fornicator  Jcdl-pa, 
Forsake  skyur-ba ;  Jbor-ba ;  yfon-ba. 
Fort  mJiar. 


632 


Forte  —  Gentian 


Forte  (in  music)  rtsub-po. 

Forth  sogs;  par:  yas. 

Fortress  rdzon(s). 

Fortune  (lot)  yya\  (wealth)  h'a-ije  C; 
good-  b/cra-sts;  —  teller j^ya-mMan;  nan- 
snags-mJcan. 

Forward  vb.  J^al-ba, 

Found  vb.  ^god-pa;  rgyag-pa\  jdebs-pa'^ 
^dzugS'pa, 

Found ati  on  rmaii;  —  ofahouse  wfiY;  Jean- 
rtsd. 

Fountain  cu-mig. 

Four  bzi;  fourth  b^i-pa;  fourteen  cu-bzix 
fourteenth  cu-bzi-pa;  forty  bzi-bhi;  for- 
tieth bzi-bcu-pa. 

F 0  u  r f 0  0  te  d  rkan-bzi-pa. 

Fowl  bya;  domestic       Uyim-bya. 

Fowler  bya-pa. 

Fox  wa\  —  coloured  Kam-pa, 

Fragile  UroUmo  W. 

Fragment  cag-Rrum^  iay-dum:  (y)8il'bu. 

Fragrance  nad. 

Frail,  to  get  —  rgud-pa. 

Frame  s.  Mri;  vb  a.  ^od-pa  95. 

Frankincense  bdug-pa^  gu-guL 

Fraud  no-lkog;  zog^  zol-zog. 

Free  adj.  yan^pa;  far -pa;  U)  become  — 
^arol-ba ;  far^ba ;  to  set  —  far-du  ajtig-pa ; 
Jmd^a. 

Freeze  ^Kyags-pa;  pytd-pa. 

Freight  s.  IcaL 

Frenzy  Jiruh-pa. 

Fresh  ysar-ba,  ysar-po ;  so-ma  W. ;  —  but- 
ter siya-mdr  W. 

Friday  yza-pa  {-wa^-sam . 


Friend  grogi^  rog ;  no-hh^  mdza-bsh^  tees- 

ynyM;  7ndza-bo;  zla-bo. 
Friendly  snyin-nye^  resp.  sol^. 
Fright  s.  ojigs-pa. 
Frighten  skrag-pa. 
Frightened  skrag-pa ;  to  be  —  rtah-pa. 
Fringes  /ca-fsar. 
Frog  sbal'pa. 
From  rios  304;  man- cad  411;  la»  646;  - 

within  Icon-nas  43. 
Frontier  sa-mtsdms. 
F r on t-s id e  Afa;  war.  ,_ 

Frost  f^ags-pa;  sad,     l^^c^   /<*'-    v.   - 
Froth  lotc-^a^  dbur^a,  ^ 

Frozen  Uyags-pa. 
Fruit  Hn-tog;  ^bras-bu;  —  tree  bza-Hh; 

rtstr-sin. 
Fry  vb.  sreg-pa,  slam-pa,  rhdd-pa. 
Fuel  bud-sifi.    ^--^      .'    ^ 
F  u  1  f  i  1  skon-ba ;  sgrub-pa ;  ^gens-pa. 
Full  gah'ba;  Item- pa;  mfon-po;  to  be  - 

Itanis-pa;  ^Hens-pa;  to  make  —  /cyab-pa. 
Fully  rgyas'par. 
Fumigate  odug-pa. 
Fun  pra-cdl;  sags. 
Functionary  blon-po 
Fundament  rtsa-ba;  rkub. 
Fur-coat  slag-pa,  slog-pa;  ftU-pa. 
Furious  ytam-pa. 
Furnish  (supply)  sgrub-pa. 
Furniture  yo-bydd. 
Furrow  s.  rka. 
Further  yzavryah,  yah. 
Furtherance  mfun-rkyen. 
Futurity  ma  ^ons-pai  dus;  frogs. 


Gain  vb.  a  rgydl-ba,  )*nved-pa,  sgrvh-pa. 
Gain  s.  skyed\  k%  )cye;  Ma-rgydl,  rgydl-Ra; 

myed-pa\  spogs,  bogs. 
Gait  bgrod. 
Galaxy  dgu-fsigs. 
Gale  rlun-dmar,  rlu/i  nag-po. 
Gall  s.  m/ctns-pa.  rj  a      •    ■  -'•    ■  .  .c 

Gallop  vb.  n.  rta  rgyug-pa. 
Gallows  car-Hn, 

Game  s.  (animals  of  chase)  ri-dwags. 
Gander  nah-pa. 
Ganges  gangd. 
Gap  rgya-s^r;  ser-ka,  ser-ga. 
Gape  vb.  sgyih-ba;  ydan-ba. 
Garden  fsah  fsas  W,;  Idum-ra;  sdum-ra\ 

—  flower  ha-ld. 
Garlic  sgog-pa. 
Garment  gos;  Sow,  resp.  na-bza;  under  — 


^  ah -fun;  upper  —  bla-gdb,  bla-gdSy  yzan- 

Garret  steh-kan. 

Gate  rgyal-sgo;  sgo-vw. 

Gather  vb.  a.  sgrug-pa;  Ju-ba;  sog-pa; 

vb.  n.  Jcor-ba;  ^^gugs-pa;  Jibs-pa, 
Gatherer  fun,,  Jun. 
Gear  s.  go-ca. 
Gelding  s.po-i*td. 
General  adj.  5/?yt  333;  fun-mon. 
General  s.  dmag-dpdn. 
Generate  skyed-pa. 
Generation  rgyal -  brgyud;   yduh-rabsy 

rabs. 
Genesis  cags-rdbs. 
Genitals  mfsan^-ma). 
Genitive  ceiS e  J)rel-pa. 
Gentian  tig-ta;  kyi-&4. 


Gentle  —  Great 


633 


Gentle  ^am-po^  J>olrpo\  mfun-cati]  sgye- 

mo. 
Gentleman  ytso-bo-^  sa-heb;  old  ~,  old 

squire,  ffo-gd  Ld.y  ^a-^o-lag  C. 
Gently  nan^gis;  ga-le  C,  gu-le  W. 
Gentry  draff-rigs. 
Genuine  dnos;  no-rtdg;  Ihad-mid, 
Geography  yrhos-bhad,  yuUbhdd. 
Germinate  vb.  n.  skye-ba ;  to  cause  to  — 

skyed-pa. 
Gesture  s.  brda\  mam-gyvri  v.  also  fsul. 
Get  vb.  a.  Uug-fa'^  myed-pa^  fob-pa*^  Jtzin- 

pa\yodrpar  ^yfwr'ba\  vb.  n.  ^ro-ba'^  ?a- 

ba  Tr.;  to  —  into  cud-pa;  Jbao-pa;  to  — 

through  far-ba^  barod-pa;  to  ~  up  Idan- 

bay  Ian-bay  resp.  biem-pa. 
Ghost  mi-ma-y%n(^-pa)\  sems-nyid. 
Ghostlike  yzugs-rrUd  494 ;  lus-mid. 
Gift  s.  Jlyos-pa-y  ynah'ba\  bya-dgd;  Jbul- 

ba\  sbyinrpa\  yon. 
Gild  5m5  yton-ba^  yser-<his  Jbyug-pa, 
Gills  nya-skyogB. 
Gimlet  sor. 

Ginffer  sga^  sgeu;  Icasga. 
Girdle  s.  ska-rags. 
Girl  bu-mo;  y^on-nu-mu\  na-cun. 
Give  skur-ba;  ster-ba;  ynan-ba;  Jbul-ba 

394;  jbogs-pa;  sbyin-pa ;  sUoUba\  to  —  an 

eutertainment  f^gyea-pa;  to  —  up  sgyur- 

ba\  y tod-pa;  spon-ba;  bios  yton-ba;  to  be 

given  to  sh/on-ba;  rten-pa. 
Glacier  ganSy  gam-can. 
Glad  adj.  dga-ba;  —  tidings  ytam-snydn; 

to  be  —  dga-ba\  mgurba;  to  make  —    sem 

fad  bug-ce*  W. 
Glass  sely  man-sel;  —  beads  ga-sSl;   — 

bottle  sel'bum. 
Gleaner  snye-fun. 
Glide  ^dredrpa;  J>yid-pa. 
Glistening  Rron^-7n^y  IcroUpo;  cam. 
Glitter  vb.  Jser-ba. 
Globe  HI  W. 
Globular  zlumrpa^  ril-ba;  a—  stone  rdo- 

ril. 
Glorious  grags-dan;  ^pags-pa. 
Glory  s.  grags-pa\  dpal^  dpal-byor. 
Glory  Yh.rlom-pa,po-fsod^cad-pa;y.po-so. 
Gloss  bkrag;  ^od-ysdl. 
Glossy  bkra-ba. 
Glove  lag-hiibs. 

Glue  s.  spyin.    !■'<>    '  ^ --    ^     •    ^^''1 

Gnash  so  lirig-Urig  byed-pa^  so  bdar-ba\  so 

sdom-pa. 
Gnaw  yzan-pa;  Jca-ba^  m/ur-ba. 
Go  ^o-ba\  ^doh-ba\  ca-ba  W.\  rgyu-ba\ 

bgrodrpa;  pyin-pa^  eleg.?wS-ia,resp.^^i- 

pa;  to  —  about  ^grim-pa;  to  -  abroad 

^gron-du  ^gro-ba^  byes-su  ^gro-ba;  to  — 

astray  Jcyar-ba;  to      away  ^ye-ba^  resp. 

bhtd-pa^  yhegs-pa\  to  --  m  or  into  cud- 


P^>  oi^"P^5  ^  ""  ^^^  tffy'^^\  sprO'ba; 

to  —  round  Jior-ba^  skor-ba. 
Goal  fsad. 
Goat  ra-ma\  wild  —  ra-rgdd^  ra-po-^S; 

skyin. 
Goat's  hair  ral. 
Goblet  skyogs. 
Goblin  Jire^  Iha-^dre. 
God  dkon-mcog;  a  god  Iha^  a  goddess  Iha- 

mo;  a  tutelar  god  yi-dam-lhdy  Iha-srun; 

mgon-po. 
Going  s.  (the  act  of)  gros. 
Goitre  Iba-ba. 
Gold  yser. 
Gong  Jcar-^'hd. 
Good  adj.  bzah-ba;  legs- pa;  dga-bd4  C; 

rgyal'baW.]  col.yag-po;  to  be  —  (of coins) 

^grul-ba. 
Good  s.  (advantage)  don. 
Good-bye  da  "Sa  yinW.Wi;  *ta-si-sig*W,; 

V.  ga-le  C.  64. 
Goods  dnos-po ;  ka-ta ;  Ka-rye  C;  spus ;  zon. 
Goose  nan-pa^  nan-ma. 
Gorge  s.  (ravine)  ron. 
Gossip  s.  (idle  talk)  Ka-bsdd;  rgya-lS. 
Gourd  ka-b4d,  ku-ba,  gon  W.,  can  C. 
Gout  dran-ndd  W.;  grum-bu^  grum-ndd^ 

drag-griim;  drea-nadj  fsigs-nad,  fstgs-zug. 
Govern  sgyur-oa;  rgyal-srid  skyon-ba; 

dban  sgyur-ba. 
Government  rgyal-po^  rgyal-srid. 
Governor  sde-pa;  bka-bUn. 
Grace  s.  bka-drin,  fugs-rye. 
Gracious  ftcgs-rye-dan. 
Gradually  nan-gis;  gu-le  gu^le  W. 
Graft  s.  pe-bdn. 
Grain  s.  iaa-tse,  rdog-po,  Jbru. 
Grammar  oyd-ka-ra-na  372. 
Grandchild  fsa-6o;  —  daughter  fsa-mo; 

—  father  mes-po;^  —  mother  ma-mOy  pyi-  ^-^  - 

mo;  —  son  fsa-bo,  resp.  dbon-po. 
Grant  vb.  (bka)  ynah-ba;  ^ffnw-pa;  stsol- 

ba;  yzigs-pa.  j 

Granulous  cag-tse-can  W, 
Grape  rown,  rgun-Jyiiim;  cag-mo.     aiwv.r( 
Grasp  vb.  Ju-ba,  ^dzin-pa;  cf.  ycags-'pa. 
Grass  rtswa. 

Grasshopper  bog-hog-pa^  ca-ga-Jm. 
Grate  s.  dra-pa,  Ibags-dra. 
Grateful  drin-yzo-ban;  to  be  —  dnnyzo- 
•      ba. 

Grater  lag-ddr,  lab-ddr. 
Gratitude  drin  dran-pa. 
Grave  s.  dur-Hun. 
Gravel  s.  gyo-mo;  hag-ma. 
Gravy  spags;  sa-rug^  resp.  skyu-rum. 
Gray  se-bo;  light  —  skya-bo. 
Greases,  snum-pa ;  vb.  snum-gyis  skud^a. 
Greasy  snum-ban;  fso-ba. 
Great  ?e-6a,  cen-po^  rgyas-pa. 

40* 


634 


Greatness  &-6a,  ce-Uydd. 

Greedy  ^dodrsredrcan^  blo-^ddd;  hcmt-pa- 

can,    'VN/>'> — .  .C    f  £.d-^  J      , 
Green  sho-ia^  snon^o;  Ijan-ku.  ^,  o-^€^   ^ 
Greens  s.  sno-fsddy  Idum^  fsod-ma. 
Greensward  na-Ha;  ne-fdn. 
Grieve  vb.  n.  sh/o-ba,  ^od-pa. 
Grind  Jag-pa;  bdar-ba;  to  —  the  teeth  so 

bdar-ba. 
Gripes  glan^  glah-fabs. 
Gristle  cag-hriim. 
Grit  (gravel)  gyo-mo. 
Groan  s.  Jcoa-hugs  W,^  sugs-ndr^  stigs^rin. 
Groan  vb.  Jmn-pa. 
Groom  rtorrdzi. 
Grope  snom-pa. 
Grotto  gyamfi^  pug^a. 
Ground  s.  Hn;  yzi^-ma)  480;  sa-yzi  570. 
Grouse  ^i-sky^gs;  gon-mo. 
Grove  skyed-mos-fsal. 
Grow  vb.  n.  cer  skye-ba;  Jii*un'ba\  ^yur- 

ba;  rgyas-pa\  ca-ba;  to  —  dark  Jibs-pa; 


Greatness  —  Have       r^  /  ^^  ,^ 


A 


-^  to  —  old  bgre-ba;  to  cause  to  grow  si^ 

pa. 
Growth  skyed^  skye. 
Grudge  s.  Uonrpa\  to  bear  a  —  JUm-pa. 
Grumbling  s.^^fo*  W. 
Grunt  vb.  ntig-pa^  nur-ba^  Uun-pcu 
Guard  vb.  skyon-ba,  skyob-pa^  srun-ba. 
Guardian  pa-fsab;  —  of  the  worid  jij- 

rten^skyon. 
Guess  s.  V.  feod453. 
Guides.  lanwrnUaUy  lam-^dren^a^  lam-yig. 
Guitar  sgra-snyan;  ko-pons  W, 
Gulf  kug,  cu-Htig;  (abyss)  btson-don. 
Gullet  Ikog-ma. 
Gulp  s.  hiA;  skyu^dn^  cordon. 
Gum  s.  fan-hi. 

Gun  sgyogs;  turpag  W,\  me-mda  C\ 
Gunpowder  turpag-man  W, ;  me-rdzds  t\ 
Gunstock  ^gu-TTuid]  sgumnla. 
Gut,  great  —  or  colon  ynye-7na. 
Gutter  wa. 
Guttural  s.  Ice-rtsa-ban  150. 


H 


Habitation  ffi'on\  ynas-tsan,  yna/s-Han^ 

yhiyma. 
Haft  yu-ba. 
Hail  s.  (frozen  rain)  ser-ba;  (salutation)  v. 

rgyal-ia  1 108. 
Hair  skra;  spu,  a  little  —  ba-spu. 
Hairy  ba-spti-dan;  skra-can. 
Half  (one  half)  s.  ca  151. 
Half  adj.  pyed;  —  boot  kr ad-pa. 
Hall  bkad-^a;  —  of  judgment  fsugs-kan. 
Halo  Hyim. 

Halter  fur-mgo;  s^rab-mfur. 
Halting-place  sti-bai ynas;  (night  quar- 
ters) Jf^ran-sa,  resp.  yzim-brdn. 
Hammer  s.  fo-ciih;  large  —  fo-ba. 
Hand  s.  lag(-pa%  resp.  pyag. 
Hand  vb.  a.  mn-6a;  to  —  over  skur-ba. 
Handicraft  bzo. 
Handful  Myd-le;  kyar;  ^cans-pa;  spar-ba; 

put  /. .   '     '     '    ' 

Handkerchief  sna-pyis;  -  of  salutation 

Ua-btdgs  37. 
Handle  s.  kab-za^  IHbs^  yu-ba,  '  ■ 

Handsome  mcor-po,  rndzes-pa. 
Handspike  gal-ta. 
Hang  vb.  a.  (a  man)  *  car-la  tan-be*  W,;  to 

-  up  skar-ba,  dgar-ba^  ^el-ba;  ^pyar-ba; 

vb.  n.  to  —  down  Jolrba^  ^pyan-ba. 
Hangman  yhed-ma. 
Hank  gru-gu. 

Happen  .gyur-ba,^  Jbyun-ba^  ^on-ba. 
Happiness  dge-ba^  skyid-pa,  yyan ;  bkra- 

sis. 


Happy  bkra-sis-pa;  skal-lddn^  skyid-p: 

legs-pa;  to  be  —  bde-ba^  sh/id-pa;  may 

you  be  —  bkra-siS'Sig  W, 
Hard  Ayo/i,  mUran^  mlcregs-pa;  sror-ba;  - 

to  bear  kag-po;  —  water  cu  kyon-po. 
Hardened  sran-can. 
Hardness  nat-ba. 
Hardship  dka-ba,,  nyon-mons-pa  191. 
Hardware  Idags-cas. 
Hare  n-bdn. 
Harm  s.  sky  on;  to  do  —  fsugs-pcL,  ynod-pa 

byed-pa  or  skyel-ba;  vb.  to  —  snad-pa. 
Harmony  (musical  concord)  sgra-dbyah\ 

(agreement)  mtun-pa;  concord  amongst 

kinsmen  ynyen  -^dun, 
JIarness  s.  cibs-^as, 
Harrow  s.  saUba;  vb.  to  —  scU-ba  jirud- 

pa. 
Harsh  gyon-po;  rtsub-po. 
Hartshorn  ^a-ru.  ,       -j- 

Harvest  s.  btsas-ma;  h-tog  552.  ^'-^    " 
Haste  s.  fsa-drag;  to  make  —  rgyug-pi\ 
'  ^  make  haste!   *fsa-rag  ton*  W,;  *rin-pa 

ton*  W. 
Hasten  vb.  n.  snyegs-pa;  rms-pa. 
Hasty  spro  fan-ba;  yid  fun-ba. 
Hate  vb.  Jcon-pa^  ^as-pa,  sdan-ba. 
Hatred  sdaii-sems^  ze-sadn. 
Haughtiness  ^e-fdbs^  po-so. 
Haughty  Ua-drdg^  Kens -pa;  ce-fabs-cany 

po-HO-can 
Hautboy  dge-glin;  sur-na. 
Have  (possess) J(%-pa;  having  \,ian  13^ 


''g  *rCc^ 


lK^^    A-v^je-^^  tryx^  .  'rSLt>  -  Ca      li'"^^/S^   *■  CL 


■  tryx^ 


v^ 


Hawk  —  Home 


635 


V.  bbas'pa  146;  I  have  na-la  yod  515;  I 

have  to  v.  rgyu  no.  3,  110. 
Hawk  ^.  Ura.     t^o^t^^^   c  x 
Hay  rtsa^skdm;  —  fork  sbrag-ma. 
Haze  Uttg-md. 

He  ^o,  A5ow,  de  255;  —  who  ^a/i  no.  2  65. 
Head  s.  mgo^  resp.  dJt*;  (chief)  Uyu-mcog 

47;  yfsO'bo  434;  (of  an  argument)  yan-lag', 

—  master  ^o-dp&n. 

Head  vb.  a.  J^rvdrfa^  sua  ^dren-pa. 

Headache  mgo-ndd^  hlad-yzer. 

Headman  ^o^a,  rgad-po. 

Heal  vb.  a.  ^fso-ba  460,  yso-ba-,  bdos-pa. 

Health  teams;  nad-med-pa.  „- 

Healthy  nod-mid.    AT-"  ^  * 

Heap  s.  pun-po. 

Heap  vb.  a   sgril-ba^  beer-bay  spun-ba;  to 

—  up  8og-pa. 

Heaped  byur-po^  byur-byur  377;  gah-ba 

W,  66. 
Hear  vb.  a.  fos-pa^  fsor-ba  W,,  nyan-pa; 

hear!  ka-ye. 
Hearer  nyan-pa  or  -po. 
Heart  snyin^  resp.  fugs\  nan\  rgyvd  112; 

he  477;  to  know  by  —  Ma-ton-du  ses-pa  35^ 
Heart-grief  sems-ndd. 
Hearth  me-fdb]  sgyid-bu  118;   —  stone 

sgyed^o. 
Heartily  snyin  tag-pa-nas. 
Hearty  ^-fag-pa;  a  —  request  ze-fag-pai 

hi'ba. 
Heat  tsa-btty  f sad-pa;  fan-pa. 
Heated  dros-pa  264. 

Heaven  mHa,  nam-mKa ;  ynam,  mfo-iHs  242. 
Heavens  mUa^  dbyins  390. 
Heavy  IH-ba. 

Hedgehog  rgan,  ^an-yzer^ma. 
Heed  s.,  to  give  -  bya-ra  byed^a. 
Heedless  zon-mid. 
Heel  s.  rtm-pa^ 
Heifer  zal-mo. 
Height  mfO'Uyad\  Myon;  mams\  dpans; 

^pan  355. 
Heir  s.  nor-hdag\  joint  -  go-Kan  W. 
Hellebore  ^mi-ma. 
Helm  s.  /carlo. 
Helmet  rmog. 

Help  s.  skyaos,  skuobs^  ra-mda. 
Help  vb.  a.  skyaos  byed-pa^  ff'^'ogs  byed-pa. 
Helper  skyabs-mgon^  skyabs-ynas;  ynyen- 

pOj  dpun-yny^y  dpun-grogs. 
Hem  s.  sne-mOy  ca-ga. 
Hemorrhoids  yian-ndd^  yzan-brum. 
Hemp  so-ma^tso-ma^  btso-^ma;  bhan-geW. 
Hen  bya-mo;  kyimr-bya. 
Henceforth  da-ste^  dapyis24ly  da  pyin- 

^dd350. 
Herb  sno,  sho-tsdd^  rtswa. 
Herd  Uyu,  Uyu-bo. 
Herdsman  rdzi-bo^  pyugs-rdzL 

f      "^O-r^^Cv.  ■-    .    \  ,\     .C     - 


Here  Jii-^'u  275. 

Hereafter  pugs-na,  da-sie,  da-pyiSy  da 

pyin-dad. 
Heresy  cos-log. 

Heritage  nor-skaL  ,    ^ 

Hermit  dgon-pa-pa ;  bdag-bsrun,   '>  t^  S  r  o  '^ 
Hermitage  dgon-pa,  ynas. 
Hero  Uyo-ga. 
Heron  kan-ka;  skyar-mo. 
Hesitation  fsam-fsum. 
Hew  ojog-pa,  Jsog-pa;  v.  also  cleave. 
Hiccouffh  8.  skyig-bu]  ^v-Uv^^  ^ig  W,\  vb. 

to  —  slmg-pa. 
Hide  s.  ko'bay  ko-lpags^  pags-pa  or  -po. 
Hide  vb.  a.  skun-oa^  sbed-pa;  to  —  one's 

self  ogab-pa,  yib^a,  ysan-ba. 
Hiding-place  bskuns^sa. 
High  mfO'ba,  mfon-po;  —  and  low  drag- 

hdn  261;  —  road,  —  way  rgya-ldm;  Tna- 

lam  W, 
Hill  ri;  v.  sgan. 
Hilt  kab-ztty  Icibs^  yu-ba. 
Hinder  vb.a.  ogegs-pa^  ^Kegs-pa;  to  be  -ed 

fogs-pa. 
Hind-foot  rkan-pa. 
Hind-part  rjytcg. 
Hindrance  gegs,  bgegs,  bar-^dd. 
Hinge  s.  sgo-Jcdr, 
Hip  s.  (joint)  sta-zur^  dpyi;  (fruit)  Hb-si- 

Ivr-lu  Ld, 
Hire  s.  rnan-^a,  vb.  to  —  yyar-ba. 
History  lo-rgyus,  byun-fsul. 
Hit  vb.  a.  Ices-pa^  rgyah-pa,  fug-pa,  ^pog- 

pa^  Jebs-pa  W, 
Hit  s.  Ihag  148. 
Hither  fsur;  —  to  sna-dad. 
Hive  s.  tsan. 
Hoangho  rmorhi. 
Hoarfrost  ba-mjo. 
Hoarse  nar-nar-pOy  ^dzer^po;  to  be  — 

^dzer-ha ;  ras-pa  Ld, 
Hoarseness  skad-gdgs. 
Hoe  vb.  a.  rko-ba. 
Hog  s.  pag. 
Hoist  vb.  a.  ^pyar-ba. 
Hold  vb.  a.  ^an-ba^  snom-pay  ^dzin-pa;  to 

—  forth  ^dzed-pa ;  to  ~  out  (suffice;  o%^rf- 

pa;  vb.  n.  Q^ten-pa  213. 
Hold  s.  rten;  to  take  -  oi  Ju-ba,        [413. 
Hole  s.  /hiTiy  bi-gdny  bi-ydnW,,  ^^^^5  ^^ 
Hollo  interj.  ka-yd;  kye^  kye-hd;  W,  wa! 
Hollow  adj.  /con-stdn. 
Hollow  s.  Kun^  sbug(s)]  the  -  of  the  hand 

skyor. 
Holly  sgom-Jbrog, 
Holy  skal-lddUy  dam-pa;  a  —  man,  saint, 

skyes-bu  dam-pa. 
Homage   s.  bhur-bay  bkur-sti;  rim-grOy 

resp.  sku-rim. 
Home  s,  Kyim;  to  be  at  —  Uyim-du  sdod-j^a. 


636 


Homeless  —  Impaired 


Homeless  nes-m^d. 

Hone  s.  ^dzen. 

Honest  dran-po,  ?os  dran-m. 

Honey  sbran-rtd^  ran-si  W, 

Honour  s.  bkur-ba,  bkursti',  sti-stah\  ya- 

ha\  rim-grOy  resp.  shi-rim^  grogs  pa,  'pu- 

diid. 
Honour  vb.  a.  bkwr-ba^  m^od-pay  ije-ba. 
Honourable  btsun-^ct. 
Hood  s.  fod-Kebs. 
Hoof  rmig-pa. 
Hook  s.  hug. 

Hookah  (Turkish  pipe)  bi-Um\  resp.  ii- 
Hoop  s.  han,  \)idrC. 

Hoopoe  pa-hud. 
Hope  s.  re'ba\  blo-ydM^  blo-ytdd;  vb.  to  — 

re-ba. 
Horizon  mfon-^Mor. 
Horn  rwcLf  ru. 
Hornet  lin-gol-ma. 
Hornless  Ku-yu, 
Horse  s.  rta^  resp.  W)s\  black  —  ^ol-ba; 

—  dung  rto-«iaw« ;  —  tail  rto-rna;  —whip 

rtorltag. 
Horseman  rta-pa. 
Horseshoe  rmig-lddgs. 
Hospital  nod-Ran y  fsugs-Man. 
Host  (number  of  men)  dpun^  pal-po-te; 

(army)  dmog. 
Hot  fsa-boy  fsan]  to  be  ~  tsa-ba;  ihe  — 

time  of  the  day  dro  264. 
Hour  hir-fsod  168;  double  -  Kyim  47. 
Ho  use  s.  kan-pa\  llyim;gron;  mk'ar;  sdum- 

pa  C;  nan]  —  owner  HyiTn-bdag,  Uyim- 

pa-pa;  —  rent  kan-gld. 
Household  yhis-mad\  bza-mi  Wi> 
Housekeeping  so-tsh^  so-tsigs. 


Housewife  Kyim- fab-mo ^  Hyim^-bdag-mo, 
How  ^'  139,  H-ltar,  H-t8ug^  ga-zug^  ci-ne 

Bal,;  —  much  ga-€s6d\  {bi-)t8am. 
However  ^on-kyan. 
Howl  vb.  ntt-bo;  (of  animals)  nur-ba. 
Howling  s.  (of  a  tempest)  ^ur-sgra  500. 
Hug  vb.  a.  Jcyud-pa, 
Hums,  di-rv-ri  262;  ^ur-sgra  500. 
Hum  vb.  Jirog-pa, 
Human  mii\  —  being  «ibye-6o. 
Humble  2iA}.  guB-pa. 
Humbleness  ybam-bu. 
Humidity  bad. 

Humours  (of  the  body)  v.  nyes-pa  191. 
Humming  (noise)  ^ur-^ur]  —  ot  bees  dd- 

i*i-Tiy  zi^ri-Tt. 
Hump,  Hunch  s.  rnog\gye-gu. 
Hundred  brgya. 
Hunger  s.  Itogs-pa;  bkres-pa. 
Hungry  Itogs-pa^  bkren-poy  bkres-^. 
Hunt,  Hunting  s.  kyi-ra. 
Hunt  vb.  a.  rnon-poy  JSor-bo^  yhor-ba. 
Hunter  rnon-^Oy  kyi-ra-boy  lins-pa. 
Hurricane  rtun-^b. 
Hurry  vb.  grim-pa;  rgyug-pa. 
Hurry  s.  tsab-tsm. 
Hurt  vb.  a.  ynod^pa  skyel-ba,  ynod-pa, 

Jian-ba^  trngs-poy  Jse-ba. 
Husband  s.  Kyo^ kyim- tabs y  kyim-bdag; 

skyes-pa;  dga-grogs;  bdag-po;  —  and  wife 

(couple)  Kyo-iiig,       J  c  a.^  .  ^ 
Husbandry  so-fstSy  so-fsigs): 
Husk  s.  Igan-buy  spun-poy  abur-ma. 
Hut  s.  Ku-tUypu-lUy  apyH-po. 
Hydrophobia  kyi-smydn. 
Hypocrisy  ka-cos;  8gyu-z6g\  fsul-Jlos. 
Hypocrite  ka-ze  mi  mtsuns-pa. 


I 


I  pron.  nay  nedy  ned-ran  128,  fios  130,  bdag- 
nyid  268;  I  myself  na-rohy  ned-ran. 

Ice  dory  ^ab-bromy  ganSy  kyags-pa. 

Icicle  kyags-sddn, 

I  dea  ^du-sea-y  dmigs-pa. 

Identic  mi-ynyis-pa  192. 

Idiocrasy  nan  125. 

Idle  adj.  le-lo-dan;  kyan-kydn  W. 

If  na  299,  gal-te  68;  but  itdi-ste  140. 

Ignoble  skye-ba  dma-ba. 

Ignorance  yti-^mug^  ma-rig-pa, 

111  adj.  and  adv.  (sick)  nadr^a;  —  fed  dnos- 
ndn;  bza-^ned;  —  humoured  skyo-ba;  — 
looking  spus-mid;  —  luck  rkyen\  to  be  - 
na-ba. 

Illness  nady  na-bay  zug  W, 

Illusion  J^rul-snariy  sgyu-^ma. 


Illustrate  ^el-ba;  to  -  by  parables  dpes 

mfsan-pa. 
Image  sku;  molten  —  blugs-aku. 
Imagine  vb.  a.  go-boy  sgom-^Oy  dmigs-poy 

sems-pa;  vb.  n.  snyam-pa. 
Imbecile  glenrpoy  han-lddn  W. 
Imbibe  ^ios-pa;  to  be  imbibed  fim-^a. 
Imitate  lad-mo  byed-pa. 
Imitation  lad-mo;  Jbag, 
Immaterial    (not  existing)    dnos-med, 

yzugs-mdd. 
ImmesLsareihle  fsad-ny^dy  yial-du-med-pa. 
Immediate  ^pralypral. 
Immediately  mod-loy  dema-fag-tu  227. 
Immoderate  fsodm^d. 
Immoral  jlol-poy  mi  tsans-pa  446- 
Impaired  nyhms-pa. 


Impart  —  Instant 


637 


Impart  Jnygs-pa. 
Impartial  pyogs-mM, 
Impartiality  mnyaTn-pa-nyid. 
Impeded,  to  be  —  /iaa-pa. 
Impediment  gegs,  ^al-rky^  bar-cdd. 
Imperative  mood  ydams-nag  ^dorns-pai 

fsig2Gb. 
Imperishable  mi-^ig-pa,  rtag-fa. 
Impetuous  har-ma. 
Impious  skal-mdd;  sdig-byed. 
Implements  ca-byad^  ca-lagj  go-la^  yo- 

bydd. 
Impolite  gyon-po^  very  -  Ra-gyon-ci, 
Imponderable  yzahdu-med-pa. 
Importance  Uag^  JioSy  gal^  ao^gdl^  ytsigs. 
Important  Ibi-ba^  Man-ban^  Jcos-ban. 
Impose  vb. a.  (lay  on)  ^el-ba,  skul-ba;  (to 

deceive)  Jmd-pa,  Tngo ^kor-ba.  (^^^^) 
Imposture  mgoskor ; sgyu^  no- Ikog ;  rdzvb. 
Imprecation  naw^  byad^  brnd-stems. 
Impress  vb.  (on  the  mind)  Uon-du  hid-pa; 

ycags-^a. 
Improper  mi-run-ba. 
Improve  vb.  n.  AeJrba^  fsen-ba. 
Improvement  skyed. 
Impure  skyug-bro,  ma-dag-pa. 
In  prep,  nay  nan-na. 
Inattention  yyen-ba,  yyehs-pa. 
Inattentive  mi  Jsugs-pa. 
Incantation  mags^  ysah-shags^  yzuns. 
Incense  s.  kun^dvHru^  gu-guly  bdug-pa. 
Incessantly  Uor-yug-^tu.  rgyun-cad-med- 

par^  rgyun-du. 
Inch  sar^mo. 

Inclination  yzun-ba^  bag-cags. 
Iodine  vb.  n.  (to  lean)  Jira-ba, 
Inclined,  to  be  —  (disposed)  ^dod-pa. 
Income  sleb. 
Incongruous  ya-ma-zun. 
Inconsiderate  ^'^JW-Zt^wi-^aw,  blo-gros-Tned, 
Inconstant  coly  mi  ^fstigs-pa ,  offyur-  Iddg. 
Incorporeal  Vus-mid, 
Incorrect  shyon-ban. 
Increase  vb.  a.  sgro-^dogs^pa,  snon-pay 

spel-ba;  vb.  n.  rgyas-pa^  ^peUba. 
Increase  s.  skyed^  non-ka. 
Incredible  misrid-pa^  ^os-mid  IT.;  yid- 
Indecorous  no-fsa,        [ces-su  mi  ran-ba. 
Indeed  de-ka  yod  255,  mod-^a. 
Indefatigably  skyo-mi-ses-par. 
Indented  bon-bdn. 
Independence  ran-dbdn. 
Index  dkar-'Sag^gUn-yhVy  to, 
India  rgya-gdVy  British  —  rgya-pi-lih, 
Indian  s.  rgya-gar-pa. 
India  rubber  gyig. 
Indicate  ston-pa. 
Indication  mfsan-nyid. 
Indifferent  ston-pa^  to  be  —  to  ...  Za  mi 

Ita-ha, 


Indigence  ayon,  dJbul-ba^  ^pom-pa. 
Indigent  dhulrpOy  dbul-jpons. 
Indigestion  zas  ma  zu-ba. 
Indigo  rams ;  —  colour  mtin. 
Indirectly  zur-du,  zur-na  W. 
Indivisible  mi-pyedrpa. 
Indolent  kyan-kyoh  Tv .,  rgod-bag- ban. 
Indubitable  gor-ma- cog-pa^  ydon-mi-za- 
Induce  skul-ba,  [ba. 

Indulge  in  vb.  n.  cogs -pa;  v.  also  bag- 

med-pa  363 
Industrious  le-lam-k'an W,\ brtson-pa-ban. 
Inexplicable  yya-ny^;  it  is  —  to  me  rgyu- 

mfsan  mi  ^es  or  bsad  mi  nus. 
Infallible  mi-nor-ba. 
Infant  cu-ma-ldn  Ld.;  pru-gu  hin-ba\  — 

boy  Icyeu, 
Infect  ^o-bay  bsgo-ba. 
Inflammation  ^fsig-pa;   —  of  the  eyes 

mig-fsig  (be)  W, 
Inflate  Jmd-pa ;  pu  jdebs-pa. 
Inflection  dgu-ba. 
Inflict  skyel'ba. 

Influence  s.  dban\  vb.  a.  skul-ba. 
Inform  vb.  a.  spiHn-bay  Ion  zer-ba  C\  hmi 

tan-be  W. 
Information  man-nag;  hunW. 
Infringe  ^al-ba. 
Infuse  ojug-pa. 
Infusion  fah-gi  sman. 
Ingenious  dmigs-ban. 
Inheritance  skal-ndr,  nor-skal. 
Inject  Jug-pa. 
Injure  ^fse-ba,  ynodrpa. 
Injured  nyamjs-pa. 
Injury  ynodr-pa. 

Ink  snag-tsa;  —  ^ovf der  snag-pyd. 
Inkstand  snag-kon;  *7iag-bhum*  C, 
Inlet  fso-ldg  C, 
Inmate  nan-gimi. 
Inn  ^on-Udn. 
Inner  nan-giyd\. 

Innumerable  grans-^m^d-pa;  t'sad-mid. 
Inquire  ^dri-ba;  to  —  closely  zib-tu  jAri- 

ba;  to  —  rigorously  *skar-tag  tan-be*  W, 
Inquiry  brtags-pa. 
Inquisitive  rtogs- ^dad-ban. 
Insane  smyon-pa;  to  be  —  ^Krul-buy  smyd- 
In sanity  smyo-Jbdg,  \ba. 

Inscription  byan-bu,  byan-ma ;  zaUbydn, 
Insect  rkan-df^-ldan-pa;  Jbu, 
Insensible  Ual-Hdl;  to  get  -  ^Icol-ba. 
Inseparable  mi-pyed-pay  Jbral-m^d, 
Insert  ^dzud-pa. 
Inside  s.  kon-pa^  n^n-roL 
Inspect  Ita-oa,  mgo  byed-padl^  ial-ta 

byedrpa  473. 
Inspection  s^al-ta. 

Instance  dpe;  for  —  ^di-Ua-ste^  dper-na. 
Instant  s.  dwy  skady  yud. 


638 


Instantly  —  Jointly 


Instantly  mod-la. 

Instantaneous  dar  yhig-gi^  ^yrol-gyis 

yvd'Uam-pa. 
Instantaneously  glo-bur. 
Instead  dod-du;  tsab-tu^  sul-du. 
Instigate  nar  ^don-pa. 
Instinct  V.  ran-biin^  v.  htigs'^  sexual  —  ro- 

tsa. 
Institute  vb.  a.  ^dztigs-pa. 
Instruction  bka-ydarm^  bka-nan\  /irid; 

haUta ;  instructions  spyad-mfsdms  466. 
Instructive  Urid-^debssu  run-^ba. 
Instructor  mUan-po\  instructress  mUan- 

mo. 
Instrument  ^a-bydd^  lla-lag. 
Insult  vb.  JiU-ba^  Jian^ba^  isig  rtsub  (or 

nan)  zer-ba. 
Insurrection  sde-lcrugs^  Jhu^-pa. 
Intellect  blo-grds. 
Intelligence  (knowledge)  rgyus;  (news) 

ca. 
Intelligent  aems-mUany  blxMrno-ba, 
Intelligible  krol-po]  gosla-ba. 
Intemperate  faodrmM, 
Intend  dgons-pa^  dga-ba,  fa-^a  W.j  JLod- 

pa\  sems-pa-y  sno-ba  137. 
Intent  s.  otm,  bsam^a. 
Inter  vb.  a.  skun-ba. 
Intercalary  month  zla{-ba)'8ol,*da-ful* 

W,4Sil.       "Or.   P^-         :       '       ' 
Intercessor  no-lien  129.  ' 

Intercourse  Jbrel-ba  402;  to  have  —  Jire- 

ba^  Ka-bsre-bay  sdeb-pa. 
Interest  s.  (money)  skyed,pai\  bed^  (con- 
cern) yzun-ba. 
Interfere  Ua  ^ug-pa. 
Interior  s.  Uogy  Kon-pa^  nan  I  301. 
Intermediate  bar  366. 
Interpret  ^olrba. 
Interpreter  skad-pa. 
Interstice  bar,  dSrag, 
Interval  bar-skabs,  bar-Jsdms. 
Intestines  rgj/tMna^  loh-Ua^  lon-ga. 


Into  nan-du. 
Intolerable  mi-bzad-pa. 
Intoxicated  lian-Hem-dan  154,  ra-ro-tfl 

521,  zi'tan  W. 
Intoxication  bzi,  ra^o. 
Intrenchment  ra^$^  pag-rags. 
Intrigue  s,  gua-gyii. 
Introduce  Jlzms-pa- 
Introduction  npreface)  swon-^^. 
Inundate  yy en-bay  lud  pa. 
Inundation  ?m  Jyam-pa^  cu-nag,  cu-ni 
Inured  v.  »ran-pa  680. 
Invective  snutdrpai  fsig. 
Inveigh  yhe-ba^  lea  kye-be  W. 
Invent  dmigs-pa-nas  bzo-ba;  bsam-Uo  or 

-mno  byas-te  sgrub^a-,  blo-fabs  Jsol-ba. 
Investigate  Ita-bay  Ita-rtog  bged^pa. 
Invincible  yzan-gyh  mi  fub-pa  234. 
Invisible  mi-snan-ba. 
Invite  ^dren-pa^  ydan-^dren-pay  spyan- 

^dren^a;  hog  zer-ba. 
Involuntarily  ga-Mdy  (ran)  dban-med- 

du. 
Inward  naii-gi  II  801. 
Iron  s.  lbags\  —  ore  Idags-sa]  —  slag  Icags- 

dr^gs. 
Iron  adj.  Idags-kui, 
Irreligious  skaUmM^  cos-mM, 
Irresistible  rgol  mi  nus-pa. 
Irritable  rise-reg-ce  A^, 
Irritate  *gob-non-bo^*  W.^  €san  Jbru-ba, 
Isabel  (horse)  nan-pa, 
Ischury  hi-gag$  167. 
Isinglass  nya-apyin. 
Island  glin-prdn. 
Issue  vb.  n.  ^e-ba^  ^pro-ha. 
Issue  s.  bu-raifud. 
Isthmus  hiriary  glin-lag-Jbrd  541. 
It  nron.  Ko  A^y  de  256. 
I  ten  s.  (disease)  rkon-pa. 
Itching  s.  ^bun-pa. 
Itself  pron.  v.  no  129;  dnos-yzi  131. 
Ivory  oaso. 


J 


Jackal  de-8pyan^  dur-spyarty  wa-spydn. 

Jackdaw  skyun-kay  Icun-ka, 

Jacket  keu-rtsey  ke-i*tse. 

Jagged  bon-bdh. 

Jar  s.  rdza-bum. 

Jaundice  mig-8^\  black  —  fcsa-ya  nag-po. 

Jawbone  m>galy  ^gram-rus. 

Jealous  de-r^^  mig-ser-can. 

Jealousy  gran-semSy  cags-sdany  mig-s^r, 

Jehovah  ya-ho-wd. 

Jejune  Ito-stofl, 

Jelly  (gelatine)  ^g-^g  C. 


Jessamine  kun-da, 

Jesus  ye-hi. 

Jest  s.  ku-^r^y  kual-kay  Ua-sdgSy  ga-la. 

Jest  vb.  ku-re  byed-pa^  rise-ba, 

J  e  t  of  water  hi-mda. 

Jewel  rdo-7je\  nor-bwy  pray  ^pra;  riip-po-ce. 

Join  vb.  a.  sgrig-pay  ^dogs-pay  sdudrpOy 

sbyor-bay  sbrel-bay  zun  sdeos-pa;  vb.n. 

saeb-pa]  to  —  (in  singing)  ram-bu  Jtegi- 
Joined  sbvor-la^  hyi*-la,  \j^ 

Joint  s.  Jbrel-mtsams  402;  fe^  448. 
Jointly  skyiis  28. 


Joke  —  Lampblack 


639 


Joke  s.  hi-re^  kyal-ka^  Ka-sdgSy  ga-za. 

Joke  vb.  rtse-ba. 

Journey  s.  lainb4A]  a  day's  —  dgons^  dgohs- 

Mg. 
Journeyman  las-grogs. 
Joy  s.  aga-la  II  83,  dga-bdi^  dgcv-fs&r^  no- 

sd,  sprO'ba  II  387,  brod-pa. 
Joyful,  to  be  —  mgu-ba. 
Joyous  dga-mo, 
Judah  ya-hvy-dd. 

Judge  s.  Krwis-dpon]  district  —  yul-dpon. 
Judgment -hall  bka-ysdgs. 
Jug  cu-snody  ben. 
Juggler  sgyu-ma-mUan. 


Jugglery  ^prul.,  co-^prul. 

Juice  bbud^  rtsi. 

Jump  vb.  Jcrab-fa, 

Juniper  spa-ma, 

Jupiter  Q'za) pur-bu. 

Just  adj.  dran-pOj  fsulrban  450. 

Just  adv.  V.  ran  no.  3  622;  —  before  Ua- 
dran  35;  —  by  ^ram-du  98;  —  he,  the 
very,  Ho-na  43;  7-  now  ma-tdg  227;  —  sq 
de-l'a-ltar  255.   ^u>V-a.<.vo    cLc^  W  [*^kj  • 

Justice  V.  Krimsw^  ysagsf^*^  (M^i  -lag- 
dpon  W, 

Justification  mam-dag  rtsi-ba  314. 


K 


Kalpa  s.  V.  bskalrpa  33. 

Keep  vb.  a.  ^can-ba^  sruh-ba^  skyon-ba  31; 

to  -  back  ^egs-pa^  skyU-ba]  to  —  in  mind 

Jcan-ba\  vb.  n.  rten-pa  213. 
Keeper  rdzi-bo  46S;  srun-mkan  bS^, 
Kernel  rkan;  rtsi-gu,  tsi-gu. 
Kettle  zanSy  zans-bu;  —  drum  rna. 
Key  Ide-mtg;  (pe-)  ku-lig  W. 
Khams  v.  Kams  39. 
Khatmandu  v.  Uo-bom  43. 
Kick  s.  rdog-pa,  ^pra-hags. 
Kick  vb.  a.  ^pra-ba,  v.  also  rdog-pa. 
Kid  ra-gu^  ri-gu  W. 
Kidney  m/cal-ma. 
Kill  ysod-pa^  srog  ybod-pay  resp.  ^gum-pa^ 

^em-pa. 
Kind  s.  hjad'par^  rigs^  snaSW;  mam-pa 

313 ;  bye-brag ;  of  every  -  sna-fsad. 
Kind  adj.  dHn-caUy  byams-pa;  to  be  — 

mfun-po  byed'pa. 
Kindle  dtigs-pa^  sbor-ba. 
Kindness  d;*iw,  bka  -  dnn ,  bdag  -  rkyen^ 

brtse-ba. 
King  rgyal-po^  rye-bo. 
Kingdom  rgyal-UdmSy  rgyal-  Hdg. 


Kiss  s.  ^0,  ^u. 

Kiss  vb.  ^0  byed-pa,  Ua  ytugs-pa,  */ia  Ian- 
be*  W. 
Kitchen  bkad-sa,  yyos-Kan\  fab-tsan  PF.,  ^^^ 

soJ^Man^C;  —  garden  Idum-ra  W, 
Knag  mdzer-pa,         —  •'.    i^— •  -'^^  ^  ^  .-  . - 
Knapsack^A;a6-fa-ia,  /^om;  ci-ka  W,  -^'^      \  ' 
Knead  rdzi-ba. 
Knee  pus-mo ;  —  joint  sgyid-^a ;  —  pan  Uia- 

nd. 
Knife  gri. 
Knit  sle-ba. 
Knock  s.  (the  sound  of  knocking)  tag-tag; 

there  is  a  —  tag-tag  zer  W, 
Knocker  ytun. 

Knot  8»  7ndud-pa  273;  mdzer-pa  463. 
Know  kes-pa,  no-hes-pa^  rig-pa^   resp. 

mHyen-pay  nes-pa  C;  to  —  by  neart  Ka- 

ton-du  hes-pa. 
Knowledge  rgyus^  iHg^a^  ses-pa. 
Known  adj.  rgyiis-yoa-pay  ^a-yod-pa;  not 

ytol-m^dy  rgyus-m^d-pa,  ca-med-pa. 
Knuckle  s.sor*-higs;  knuckles  used  as  dice 

blon-mo, 
Kunawar  v.  /cu-nu  40* 


k:^.. 


Label  s.  byan-bu^  byan-ma. 

Labour  s.  las^  resp. pri7i-las^  bzo. 

Labour  vb.  a.  las  byed-pa. 

Labourer  las-pa. 

Laconic  Ka-nyun,  fsig-nyun. 

Lad  byis-pa. 

Ladder  skad^  skas-ka. 

Lade  (water)    cw-6a. 

Ladle  s.  fum-bu^  yzar-bu.,  cu-yzm\  skyogs. 

Lady  jo-mo,  btsun-mo;  —  of  rank  rye-may 

col.  le-ma;  young  —  sem-^un  W. 
Lahul  gar-za  67. 


Lair  fsan. 

Lake  miso. 

Lama  bla-ma;  Grand  —  bla(-ma)  ^en-po. 

Lamb  lu-gu,  Itig-gu. 

Lame  adj.  za-ba^  za-bo,  rkan-rdt'tm. 

Lamed  grum-pa. 

Lament  vb.  n.  smre-ba^  mya-nan  byed-pa, 

co-ne  debs-pa. 
Lamentation  co-'fie^  ^o-ddd. 
Lamp  mar-m^^  sgron-ma,  'on-gu^  *ii/m- 

mar-^c^  6'.,  rkyon-tse  W. 
Lampblack  sgron^dregs. 


640 


Lampoon  —  Life 


.u 


Lampoon  s.  sgo-yig. 

Land  s. (cultivated) kluns ; (dry  land) skam- 
sa;  —  owner  zih-bddg. 

Landlord  (of  a  house)  bran-dpon;  —  (of 
the  ground)  sorbddg. 

Landscape  aa-ynds. 

Landslip  sa-rud. 

Lane  lam-sran. 

Language  skad,  sgra;  —  mB^ter  skad-pa. 

Languid  nyams-  cun,  nyams-tag-pay  ycon- 
ba  6'.,  hed-mSd  W, ;  to  get  —  rgod-pa. 

Lantern  sgron-may  paper  —  goii-iu. 

Lau  8.  (coat-tail)  ^/wa;  (bosom)  j>a/i,  resp. 
slcu-pdn. 

Lard  s.  grod-fsil. 

Large  rgy as-pay  ^erirpOy  rgya-cen-pOy  yam- 
pa. 

Lark  dd-ga^  Ico-ga;  ca-ctr  Ld. 

Larynx  Ikol-mdudy  ^ol-mdiid. 

Last  adj.  ryes  181,  fa-ma  226,  pyi-may  rtin- 
ma  W.;  —  night  mdan;  —  will  Ica-^eTHS, 
bka-i&ms\  ~  year  Kornihy  snorlOy  na-niii. 

Last  vb.  n.  ^fso-ia.  ^a  %^/.     ^  .  - 

Lasting  adj.  rtag-po. 

Lastly  mfar  240. 

Latch  8.  J^'or-gydg,  Jc<yi'-yya. 

Late  pyi-^mo;  later  (subsequent)  pyi-ma] 
to  be  late  ^pm-ba. 

Lately  da-ci,  *de-zag-la*  27B. 

Lath  Uam,  pyam. 

Lathe  skor-spydd. 

Latter  pyi-ma. 

Lattice  dra-ba. 

Laudable  stod-^os. 

Laugh  vb.  n.  dgod-pa,  rgod-pa^  bkad-pa. 

Laughter  gad-mo,  rgod. 

Laurel,  —  leaf  *Mn-fse  lo-via*  W. 

Law  krims,  bka-Hrims]  to  go  to  —  *tim  zu- 
de*  W. 

Lawsuit'  Mrims,  Urim-hdgs. 

Lawyer  Krims-pa, 

Lax  adj.  kyom. 

Laxative  s.  bhal-smdn. 

Lay  vb.a.  snyol-ba^  sgyel-ba^  bsnyal-tebhag- 
pa\  ^ems-pa\  to  -  aside skyuh-bay  ^pud- 
pa;  to  —  on  ^el-ba^  stad-pa;  to  -  out 
(to  expend)  skvag-pa,  ^dziigs-pa;  (to  plan) 
^od-pa;  (to  display)  ydal-ba;  to  —  over 
(to  spread  over)  sgron-pa;  to  —  up  bkri- 
ba,  bdog-pa. 

Layman  kyim-pa,  gaii-zag;  mi-nag  skye- 
bo  29. 

Laziness  le-lOy  le-h-nyid.. 

Lazy  le-lo-<ian^  kyan-hjdn  W. 

Lead  s.  ka-nye,  za-ne,  ra-nye;  rindi  W^.; 
—  pencil  yya-tig^  Jm-smyug, 

Lead  vb.  a.  Jcnd-pa^  fog  ^dren-pa^  sna 
^dren-pa. 

Leaf  lo-m^. 

Leak  vb.  n.  rdol-ba,  ^ 


Lean  adj.  skawr^iy  skem-pOy  zag-med. 
Lean  vb.  (against)  snye-ia. 
Leap  vb.  mcon-bay  ^par-ba. 
Learn  slob-pa. 

Learned  adj.  m/las-pa.  *  <ir''jf^  - 

Learning  s.  rig-pay  ses-pa,  *'*     -  "^ 

Lease  s.,  to  take  a  —  nyo-ba.  ^ 
Leather  s.  ko-ba,  ko-lpags^  bse;  —  shoe  hh 

krdd;  —  sieve  ko-fsag. 
Leave  s.  ynan-ba'y  —  of  absence  bka-bkroi, 

dgonS'pa ;  to  take  —  v.  pyag  347. 
Leave  vb.  Jog-pay  yton-iay  Jxyr-ba, 
Leaven  s  ho-rtW.'y\.  ru-mafAl- 
Lecture  s.  glen-btyody  glen-mo. 
Lecturer  sgrog-pa-po;  -'s  chair  Sw-frt. 
Leech  s.  Ura^-Jun-Jm  W. ;  srin-bu  pad-ma. 
Leek  sgog-pa. 
Left  adj.  yyon-pa^  —  hand  yy(m-ma\  - 

handed  yyon-lag-byed-pa'y  gyog-po. 
Leg  rkan-pa. 
Legalize  bkar -^dogs-pa. 
Legend  sgruns. 
Legendary  tales  mam-far. 
Leisure  lony  cog-ka;  to  have  —  cog-pa. 
Lemon  gam-bu-ray  spyod-pdd. 
Lend  yyar-ba. 

Length  dkyuSy  rin-l}yddy  arid. 
Leopard  yzig;  snow  —  ysa. 
Leprosy  r/io,  mdze. 
Lessen  vb.  n.  ^grib-pa;  je-nyun  je-nyun- 

bar  ^^gyur-ba. 
Lesson  s.  Ka-tay  resp.  hU-ta:,  ^giP^  ^' 
Lest  conj.  v.  dogs-pa  258. 
Let  vb.  (to  —  in,  to  —  loose  etc.)  yim-ha^ 

Jug  pa  II,  no.  2  178. 
Letter  (of  the  alphabet)  yi-ge;  (epistle) 

yi-gCy  resp.  bka-sdg;  —  case  yi-gei  subs. 
Lettuce  Idum. 
Level  vb.  a.  snyoms-pa. 
Lever  yho-mo. 
Liar  kram-pay  zog-dan. 
Libation  mcodr-pay  mcod-ston  166. 
Libel  s.  sgo-yig. 
Liberal  mig-ydns. 
Liberate  ^ol-ba. 
Liberty  far-pay  ran-dbdn\  to  be  at  —  cog- 

pa. 
Libidinous  ^ags-sred-cariy  ^col-pa. 
Librarian  deb-fer-pa.  ^   , 

Library  kun-dga-ra-ba'y  yig-Uan.   (^--^  y^-^ 
Lick  vb.  Idag-pa. 

Lid  Ua-U4bsy  ka-gdby  Ka-ytody  /la-leb;  cab- 
ma. 
Lie  s.  rdzuTty  soby  hab-sib  W, 
L  ie  vb.  (to  tell  a  lie)  rdzun  smra-ba  orbyed- 

pa. 
Lie  vb.  (down)  nyal-ba;  to  —with  *fig-pa 

co'te*  W,y  bho'ba. 
Life  srogy  Jfso-boy  ysonr-poy  fse  450;  —  long 

nam  Jsoi  bar-du. 


t 


<-« 


Lift 


X  > 
Lynx 


CN 


Lift  vb.  ker-buy  Jcyog-pa^  ^degz-pay  spor-bay 

^pyar-bay  sen-oa. 
Light  s.  ^od,  snan-ba. 
Light  adj.  (not  heavy)  yan-po*^  (not  dark) 

skya-bo;  —  blue  sno-skya;  —  gray  dkar^ 

shfa\  —  green  Ijan-skya^  —  red  cMrar- 

dmar^  —  yellow  ser-skm. 
Light  vb.  a.  sgron-pa^  soor-ba. 
Lightning  s.  gloff,  ghg-ka,  tog. 
Like  adj.  (similar)  mnyain-pa^  mtsuhs-pa^ 

fsogs'se  W.;  adv.  (in  the  same  manner) 

fea,  Itar,  nan-tar  W,  C\ 
Like  vb.  a.  . , ,  la  dga-ba. 
Likelihood  no. 
Likeness  bzo,  zo. 
Likewise  van. 
Limb  yan-lag. 
Lime  rdo-ko. 
Limit  s.  mfa,  mu. 
Line  s.  fig\  yig-prin. 
Lineage  brgyudy  rigs^  rigs-brgyudy  mSy 

rus'pa. 
Linger  ^gor-ba. 
Lining  s.  nan-ha. 
Lion  seh-ge^  lioness  aen-ge-^w. 
Lip  Ita-lpdgSy  mcu^  Ua-nicu, 
Liquid  s.  Hu-ba^  rlan-^ldn. 
List  s.  fo;  —  of  goods  tyed-bydh. 
Listen  nyan-pa. 
Literature  coSy  rig-pa. 
Litter  s.  (palanquin)  Afad,  Kyogs^  of^'yogs; 

(bier)  dgu-Uri  C. 
Little  adj.  cun-ba^  nyun-bay pra-ba^ prany 

pran-bu^  dman-pa. 
Little  s.  (a  little)  big^  bun,  bun-zigy  fig- 

fsdiUy  tsa-bigy  'a-fsigW,^  a-liC;  adj.  <hin- 

ba. 
Live  vb.  n.  (to  be  alive)  yson-pa  591;  (to 

dwell)  ynas-pa  310,  ^dug-pa  277,  J^od-pa 

56;  (to  behave)  ^grul-ba  100;  to  —  by  or 

on  za-ba  485,  Jso-ba  460. 
Lively  yban-pOy  Uram-pa. 
Liver  m^n-pa  165. 
Lizard  skyin-gdr^  da-byid,  rgag-big  Ld.  103, 

ma-la-la-tse  Ld.  409. 
Loads.  Kaly  Hur^  rgyab^  rgyah-Kal  107,  sgal 

114,  dos  260. 
Load  vb.  a.  ^geJrba^  Jielrba. 
Loadstone  Icab-len. 
Loaf  kor-kor^  dog  W,  257. 
Loan  s.  skyin-^a^  resp.  kar-skyin. 
Locality  ynas^  skye-ynds  28. 
Lock  s.  (of  hair)  raZ-pa. 
Lock  8.  (of  a  door)  UagSy  *gO'ba^  C,  kw- 

Ug  w. 

Lock  vb.  a.  ybod-pa;  to  —  up  ogegs-pa; 
gar-te  or  gyan-du  oor-be  W,y  v.  sgyon-ba  119. 
Locust  fsa-ga-Jnty  ^oy-ga-Jm. 
Lodgings  ynas-fsan^  Jyran-m, 
Log  dog  W,  ... 


r 


U\ 


Logic  tsad^may  rigs-pa. 

Loins  rked-pa. 

Loiter  ^or-ba. 

Lonely  dben-pa. 

Long  adj.  rin-bay  dkyus-rin;  as  —  as  v.  bar 

366. 
Long  vb.  n.  rkam-pay  skam-pa^  yduh-ba^ 

hen-pa. 
Look  vb.  (to  view)  Ua-bay  resp.  yzigs-pa\ 

(to  appear)  snan-ba\  to  —  at  or  on  ttos- 

pa\  to  —  down  upon  ogyin-ba\  to  —  upon 

as  sgom-pa. 
Look  s.  Ua-stans^  wo;  —  out  so,  bso. 
Loose  adj.  kyom^  Ikod-pa. 
Loose,  Loosen  \h.  a,,  glod-pa^  ^grvl-ba. 
Looseness  Jcru-ba. 
Lop  vb.  a.  ^rum-pa. 
Lord  s.  mgon-po,  jo-bo,  rje-bo^  dpon-pOy 

dban-pOy  yfso-bo\  —  of  the  manor  yzi- 

bddg. 
Lose  rlog  -  pa,  Jmd  -  pa  W^. ;  to  —  colour 

dkyug-pa\  to  be  lost  stor-ba. 
Loss  gud,  gun^  god,  god-pa^  god-ma. 
Lot  s.  (fortune)  skal-oay  resp.  sku-skdl;  las- 

bskos  (v.  8ko-ba)\  pya\  to  cast  lots  mo 
debs-pa,  rgyan  rgyab-pa  107,  rtags-nl 

btan-ba  W.  212. 
Lotus  ku-mtc-da,  pad-ma  ^22. 
Loud  mfon-poy  skad  ^en-po. 
Louse  s.  hig. 
Love  vb.  a.  ^s-pay  *cags-zen  bo-be*  W.^ 

ydufi'ba,  ^preh-ba,  bf^tse-bay  mdza-ba  461, 

*zen-Jkin  bo-be*  W.y  ybes-par  byed-pa  or 

^dzin-pa. 
Love  s.  cogs-pay  snyin-brtse-bay  resp.  fugs- 

brtse-ba^  duns-pay  dran-semSy  byams-pa^ 

byams-sems. 
Lover  ^dod-grogs^  mdza-grogs,  bzan-grogs; 

^dod-mHan. 
Low  dma-mOy  dman-pa^  snyan-pa. 
Lower  adj.,  —  part  of  a  thing  smady  ham, 

yham,  sod; of  the  body  ro-smdd. 

Lowland  smad,  manncdd. 

Luck  s.,  good  —  his,  bad  —  rkyeifi. 

Lucky  bkra-Hs-pa.    V^^-^--    K  .<■      C     i 

Luggage  ^a-ldg. 

Lukewarm  mal- la-mul-le. 

Luminous  ^od-ban. 

Lump  gon-pOy  gon-bu,  gog,  dog. 

Lunar  zla-bai\  —  mansions  rgyw-skar  ill. 

Lunch,  Luncheon  s.  dro  264. 

Lungs  glo-ba. 

Lurk  sgug-pa,  ^ab-ste  sdod-pa,  Ikog-jab 

byas-te  Ita-ba. 
Lurking-place  bskuns-sa. 
Lust  s.  Jbdrpa,  ^dod-cags,  (fags-pa,  ro-tsa. 
Lustful  cags-sredrban,  Jiol-pa. 
Lustre  bkragy  Jsei'-ba. 
Lynx  dbyi,  yyi. 


41 


642 


Mace  —  Meagre 


M 


Mace  (club)  ga-da. 

Machine  ^prul^^Kor. 

Mad  smyon-pa;  to  bo  —  smyo-ha. 

Madam,  dear  —  bzin-bzan-via. 

Madder  btsod. 

Madness  Jirul pa^  sniyo -Jbog. 

Magazine  tson-Uan,  mdzod. 

Maggot  sa-Jm, 

Magic  s.  ^prul\  adj.  ^pml'gyi\  —  sentence 

yzuiis;  —  tricks  co-J>rul\  —  wheel  ^prul- 

Jar, 
Magician  ^borpo. 
Magistrate  ^go-pa,  ^o-yod Ldr,  village  - 

yul'dpon. 
Magnificence  rham-pa^  dpal^  dpaUby&r^ 

byin. 
Magnolia  tsam-pa-ka, 
Maguie  skya-ga,  ka-ta  Ura-bo, 
Maid,  Maiden  bu-wo'^  lady's  —  zal-ta- 

via',  —  servsLUi /col-mo^  ^^og-mo. 
Mail  (armour) /Ta6, 3/a-/arf. 
Maim  vb.a.  jt/raw  ybod-pa^  sug-pa  ^dreg-pa. 
Main  adj.  mcog^  v.  also  yzuh'^  —  dogma 

ysuh'incog;  —  point  don  259,  ynad;  — 

substance  no-bo-nyid. 
Maintain  snira-bay  ^dod-pa^  resp.  bzed-pa] 

smras-pa-la  brtuti'-par  ynas-pa.  [tsdb  375. 
Maitreja  byams-jya  mgon-po  109;  rgycd^ 
Majestic  rnom-bag-^an^  yzi-bryid-can. 
Majesty  r ham-pay  rhom-brjid. 
Make  vb.  a.  byed-pa,  eleg.  bgyid-pay  resp. 

mdzad-pa,  sgnib-pa^    ca-ba,  bzo-ba,  ^jug- 
pa,  bcO'ba-y  to  be  made  ^rub-pa. 
Maker  mdzad-po, 
Malabar  via-la^a, 
Male  adj.jt5o;  —  child  iyeu]  bu;  —person 

skyes'pa. 
Malediction  byad^  byad-steniis). 
Malice  ynod-sems. 
Malicious  blxh-nyh. 
Mallow  cam-pa  ta-lo, 
Man  s.  (human  beinji;)  m?,  rkah-ynyis-pa  \ 

lahs-aro,  skye-bo,  skyes-bu,  gan-zag-,  (male) 

pOy  skyes-pa;  —  servant  kol-po,  bran-kol; 

waiting  —  ial-ta-pa. 
Mane  riwgy  Itag-spu, 
Manner  /cyi-yzorl;  bres. 
Manifest  adj.  mnon-pa. 
Manifestly  nos-su. 

Manifold  sna-fsogs^  sna-mah-ba;  pal  cer. 
Mankind  skye-bo,  skye-dgu^  skye-rgu]  mi- 

rabs,  mi-rigs. 
Manly  l^yo-gai',  —  age  dar-ma. 
Manner  fsuX  lugs,  mam-pa  no.  4,313;  staisy 

stanSy  sgrosy  cos  no.  5,  163. 
Mansion,  lunar  —  rgyuskar  ill. 
Manufacture  s.  bzo. 


Manufacture  vb.a.  ^odrpaySgrtdh-pay  bco- 

btty  bzo-ba. 
Manure  s.  Zwrf;  vb.a.  bid ytoh-ia. 
Many  mah-pOy  du-may  dgUy  a  good  —  ga- 

cen;  how  —?  dw;  so  —  de-snyed. 
Map  s.  bkodrpayiiri'bkod  W.;  *sa-ta*  C, 
Maple  yua-li  SiJc. 
March  vb.n.  ^grod-pay  ^rvlrba\  to  —about 

^gri7nrpa. 
March  s.  rkan-grds. 
Mare  r god-may  mo-rta. 
Margin  noSy  zwTy  mfa. 
Marigold  gur-kum.  \bkur-sti, 

Mark  s.  rtagSy  mfsan^-ma);  —  ot  honour 
Market  fson-  dus;  —  place  Icrom, 
Marmot  pyi-oay  ^pyi-ba. 
Married  adj.,  a  —  man  or  woman  Icyim- 

fab;  a  —  woman  bdag-tu  byas-pai  bud- 

med'y  to  get  —  (both  of  man  and  woman) 

k'yo-sug-ta  ^du-ba  276;  (of  a  woman)  mi 

zig-gi  cun-mar  byed-pa  169. 
Marrow  rkah*y  no-bo-nyid;  spinal  —  kladr 

yzuii. 
Marry  vb.  a.  (to  take  a  wife)  cuh-ma  len- 

pa';  (to  unite  in  matrimony)  Uyo-sug-tu 

sdud'pa. 
Mars  mig-d?ndr. 
Marsh  gram-pa",  ^dam. 
Marvelous  (no)  mfsar-ba  456;  v.  also  ya- 

mfsan-po  506. 
Mask  s.  ^bag. 
Mason  rtsig-bzo-pa. 
Masquerade  ^bag-^^am. 
Mass  (lump)  gon-po,  (heap) />tt;i-po,  (bulk) 

Ihuriy  (multitude)  krod-pa. 
Mast  (flag-staflf)  dar-po- 2^. 
Master  mgon-po,  mha-bddgy  bdag-pOy  dpon- 
Mat  8.  Stan.  [po. 

Match  s.  (equal)  k-a-ya,  do;  v.  cc^r  iffi;  v. 

,ya  504;  (lunt)2^a-^7,  j[>a-^    vw^    •*    C  , 
Matchless  ^ran-zla-med-pay  ^an-ya- 

mMy  do-Tnedy  mfsuns-m^d. 
Mate  s.  (companion)  do-zla;  ya-do  W. 
Material  s.  rgyu. 
Material  adj.  dnos-cduy  yzugs-can. 
Mathematician  rtsis-pa. 
Matter  s  (substance)  rgyUy  dnos-pOy  rdza&, 

zati-zin;  (in  physics)  bem-pOyyzugs;  (pus) 

cu-sei'y  cu-^magy  mag. 
Matter  vb.n.;  it  does  not  —  daw  mi  sto: 

what  does  it  —  ?  H  sto. 
Mattock  Jor,  tog-tse. 
Mattress  sob-stdn. 
Maw  Ikog-sogy  ze-bug. 
Maxim  bka-rtags. 

Meadow  spaiiy  spaH-pOy  ne-fdUy  ne-ma. 
Meagre  skem-pa,  ria-pa. 


A^-vjty 


;J-  f  ^r^^^<^   ki 


Meal  —  Missive 


643 


Meal  (flour)  pye. 

Mean  adj.  gyi-na^  rian-puy  btsog-pa. 

Mean  sh.go-ba^  snyamrpa^  ^du-ses-pa; yin- 

pa  510. 
Meaning  s.  bsam-pa^  resp.  dams-pa^  don. 
Means  s.  grabs,  fobs;  by  all—  nes-par, 

gan-gia  kyan,  bis  kyan;  by  no  —  re-skdn; 

by  what  —  ?  ^;  by  --  oi  sgo-nas  115 
Measure  s.  skar-fsdd,  bre,  fsad^  fsod\  to 

take  —  skad-ce^  fsod  ^dzin-pa;  measures 

(arrangements)  grabs;  to  take  —  grabs 

byed-pa. 
Measure  vb. a.  Jalrba,  dpog-pa,  tsod^dzin- 

pa^  nyams'len^a,  yhor-ba. 
Meat  s.  sa,  resp.  skrum\  za-ba,  resp.  bzes- 

?a;  dried  —  skam-san;  —  and  drink  bza- 
tun;  —  jelly  m-spyin;  —  pie  mog-mdg  W, 
Mecca  ma-Kd. 

Mechanic  s.  bzo-pa;  mechanics'  institu- 
tion bzo^d. 
Meddle  Ua  ^ug-pa^  fe-ba. 
Mediator  bar-mi. 
Medicine  sman. 

Meditate  sems-pa^  resp.  dgons-pa^  Ita-ba, 
sgorn-pa,  bsaTn-^mno  byed-pa^  resp.  fugs- 
bsam  yton-ba. 
Meditation  sgom^  sgornr-pa^  tmal-Jbydr, 
Medley  ^ag-ga-^og-g^. 
Meet  vb.  a.  fug-pa,  ^prad-pa,  mjal-ba;  vb. 
n.  ^dzom-^a;  to  go  to  —  ydian-jiren-pa. 
Meetings,  ^du-ba,  ^dus-pa;  —  house  Jlun- 

Uan^  fsogs-kan;  —  place  ^dus-sa. 
Melody  mgur,  dbyaris. 
Melon  ga-g&a. 
Melt  vb.  a.  Jvnba,  zu-ba;  melted,  molten 

zun-pa,  zun-mo;  melting-spoon  zu-kydg. 
Member  yan-lag,  fsigs  448. 
Memorandum-book  ryed-fo. 
Memorial  stone  ryed-rdd. 
Memory  dranrpa. 
Menace  vb.  ^gam-pa. 
Mend  vb.  a.  glan-^a. 
Mendacious  KraTn-sems-ian, 
Mendicant  adj.  spran-po;  —  friar  spraw- 

bdn. 
Menses,  Menstruation  /crag  ^dzag-pa, 

zla-mfsdn. 
Mention  vb.  a.  ^od-pa;  to  be  mentioned 

(in  a  book  etc.)  ^byun-ba. 
Merciful  snyin-rje-can,  resp.  fugs-i^e-can. 
Mercury  (planet)  Ihag-pa;  (metal)  dnul- 

cu. 
Mercy  snyin-ryey  fugS'r)e. 
Mere  Jfa-zig. 
Merely  horStag,  ha-dag. 
Merit  s.  bsod-pa. 
Merry  Icrul-po,  sems-spro-ba,  sprO'Sems- 

dan;  dga-ba^  dga~mo. 
Mesh  Qgug(s)  IV, 


Mess  (dish)  skyu^rum,  spags. 

Message  jh^n,  ^prin,  Ion,  resp.  bka-prin. 

Messenger  po-nya,  mi-snd. 

Metal  zu-bai  Mams;  cast  —  blugs~m^. 

Metaphor  nag-snyan,  jdra-dpe. 

Meteor  ke-tu. 

Method  ^o-ga,  tabs,  fsul,  lugs. 

Metropolis  rgyal-sa,  mfil. 

Mewing  s.  (of  a  cat)  Tnea^o, 

Mid-day  nyin-gun,  dguh,  ydugs. 

Middle  s.  dkyil^  rkedrpa,  kons,  gun,  dguii, 

dbus,  yhin. 
Middle  adj.  bar-pa,  bar-ma,  bnt);  —finger 

kan-ma^  gun-mo,  bar-mdzub. 
Midnight  nam-fryed,  mfsan-dkyil,  mfsan- 

guriy  mfsan-pyed,  dguh,  v.  gun  69. 
M  i  d r  i  f f  m^n-dri 
Midst  s.  ko7)s,  dbus. 
Might  mna,  mrta-fd/'i,  dbait,  dbaii-fdn. 
Mighty  Ua-drdg,  rgyas-pa,   dban-can, 

btsan-po. 
Migrate  ^po-ba. 
Milch  cow  bzon-ma. 
Mild  dul-ba,  srun-pa,  bsrun-pa. 
Mile  dpag-fsdd. 
Milk  s.  zo,  ^o-ma;  sour  —  zo-inW ,  i^-ma 

6'.;  —  pail  ^o-z6. 
Milk  vb.  q,.  ^o-ba,  ^o-ma  Jo-ba,  ^o-ma 

^fsir-ba. 
Mi  Iky -way  dgu-fsigs. 
Mill  s.  rah- Jag. 
Millet  Ure,  ci-tse. 
Million  sa-ya\  ten  —  bye-ba. 
Millstone  fcod. 
Milt  mcer-pa. 
Mind  s.  sema, bio, yid, nyams,  snyih, snyam- 

pa,  ze,  resp.  fu^s;  to  have  a  —  dga-ba, 

^dod-pa;  to  keep  in  —  dran-pa,  yzo-ba. 
Mind  vb.  a.  Ita-ba,  ynyer-Ka  byed-pa  194; 

never  — !  v.  m  kyan  141. 
Mine  s.  Huiis,  yter-/ca,(i 
Mine  pron.  nai  124. 
Minister  s.  blon-po;  prime  —  bka-blon. 
Mint  (plant)  dag-bi  Lh, 
Minute  s.  cunsrah. 
Minute  ad j .  pra-ba,  zib-pa. 
Miracle  Itas,  ya-mfsan. 
Mirage  dri-zai  groh,  mig-sgyu. 
Mischief  skag,  nan;  —  maker  bstan-sig. 
Miserable  gyi-na,  nan-pa,  fu-ba,  saug- 

bshal-han. 
Miserly  bkren-pa. 
Misery  nyon-mohs-pa,  zag-pa. 
Misfortune  bkra-mi-sis, rkyen, skyon, iian, 

byur,  byus. 
Mishap  gal-rkyhi. 
Miss  s.  (young  lady)  lem-ciih  W, 
Miss  vb.  fal-ba,  mi  Ices-pa. 
Missive  s.  bka-i^gya,  ce-ddn  160 


644 


Mist  —  Mystic 


ff 


^< 


V.v^. 


0    ci  ^X  «. 


Mist  na-bun^  rmuffs^a. 

Mistake  s.  Jirul-pa^  JiruUyH^^oUsa^  nor- 
ba,  ^dzol-pa. 

Mistake  vb.  nor-ba^  JUruUba. 

Mistaken  adj.  JUrtU-bay  jbrvl-fa. 

Mistress  (instructress)  mUan'7no\  (head 
of  a  household)  ^o-mo^  dpon-Tno;  (lady) 
btsun-mo  4Sb-         //,^      ,/^  '^  ^-' 

Mix  sdeb-pa,  spel-ba  331,  sre-ba',  tolje  mix- 
ed with  jdre-ba. 

Mixture  spel-ma^  sbyor-ba  II  no.  2,  406. 

Mock  vb.  fO'Jsam-pa, 

Mode  (manner)  skabs^  stabs,  lugs. 

Model  s.  dpe  327. 

Moderate  adj.  ^brin^  fsod-ban. 

Moderately  J^ri/i-ffis;  ran-par. 

Modest  Kan-nnany  K ram-pa,  ^dzem-bag  can. 

Modesty  Icrely  Krel-yod^  krel-^dzhn. 

Mohammedan,  Mohammedanism  kla- 
klo. 

Moisture  bdud,  bad. 

Moment  skady  bsgan^  yud. 

Monastery  dgon-pa^  cos'sd^,  grwa-sa. 

Monday  yza-zla-ba. 

Money  dnul^  nor;  ready  —  mags;  smar- 
ba,  smar-rkydn ;  —  changer  nor-bdag, 

Mongol  sog-po. 

Monk  griva-pa^  mgo-r^g,  cos-pa. 

Monkey  spra  335,  spre^  spreu  337. 

Month  zla-ba;  intercalary  —  da-fulW,  51. 

Moon  zla-ba^  zla\  full  —  nya-rgyas zla-ba; 
half  —  i.  e.  first  und  last  quarter  da-ped 
W. ;  new  —  zla-ndg  491 ;  waxing  and  wan- 
ing —  wo,  nos  V.  no  no.  5,  129. 

Moral  adj.  tsul-ban^  fsul  dan  mfun-pa; 
mtsul-krims-kyi\  dge-bai;  cos-kyi;  also 
semS'hfi^  yid-kyi;  —  doctrine  ?05  no.  2, 163. 

More  Ihag  600. 

Moreover  dm  sten-du  222. 

Morning  sna-dro,  sha-moW,^  nan-^mo;  the 
next  —  fo-rdns^  nan- par',  this  —  da-ndn; 
yesterday  —  /^a-ndn;  —  twilight  skya- 
rh'tSj  skya-dd  W. 

Morrow,  to  —  sayty  fo-reW. 

Mortal  s.  im(iybu\  adj.  (perishable)  zin- 
pai\  mi  rtag-pa;  (deadly)  srog-len. 

Mortar  (for  pounding)  mcig\  (short  can- 
non) sgyogs;  (cement)  Jim-pa,  ka-lagW, 

Most  kun-las  Ihag  or  man-po;  v.  also  pal- 
mer 342. 

Moth  mug-pa. 

Mother  ma,  resp.  yum\  'a-ma;  —  in  law 
sgyug-mo]  gyos-mo. 

Motherless  mas  dben-pa. 


Mother-of-pearl  nyorj^yis. 

Motion  ^gvt-ba,  yyo-ba. 

Motionless  B,dY.  ma  yyo-bar,  ma  ^^-bar, 

ma  yyens-par. 
Motive  rgvu. 

Mould  8.  (K)rm)/?ar328;  (fungus)  ham-pa. 
Mould  vb.  a.  ^cd^a,  Jos^^   dag-pa  TA. 
Mould V  ham-por  cags-mkan  W, 
Mound  dur-pun  254. 
Mount  vb.  hm-pa,  resp.  JSib-pa. 
Mountain  ri;  —  pass  Za;  —  pasture  oJro^. 
Mourn  myor-nan  byedrpa. 
Mournful  mya-nan-gyi\  —  song  skyo-glu. 
Mouse  s.  byi-ba,  tsi-tsi;  sa-bi-Ug  W, 
Mouth  k'tty  resp.  hiL 
Mouthful  s.  cor-gdny  bor-cig. 
Move  vb.  a.  skyod-pa,  sgtd-ba,  yyo-ba;  to 

—  to  and  fro  yyen-ba  518;  ^h^id-c/^W,  (v. 
snU-ba  583) ;  vb.  n.  rgyu-ba,  ^<g%d-ba,  resp. 
Jcags-pa  167;  to  —  a  little  nur-ba  305;  to 

—  on  ^o-ba;  to  —  quickly  to  and  fro 
offyu-ba  % ;  to  —  round  skor-ba. 

Mow  rna-ba,  rnab-pa. 

Much  dragSy  mah-po,  rob;  as  —  as  ga-tsdm 

W,y  tsam  430;  so  —  ^di-snyed,  de-snyM,, 

very  —  man-drags,  Un-tu  man-po. 
Mucus  snabs,  lud-pa. 
Mud  ka-lag,  Jim-pa,  Jiam,  mer-ba,  rdzab, 

jdam-rdzdb ;  —  floor  skyan-nul. 
Muddy  man-mun. 
Mulberry  ^o-se. 
Mule  dre,  dre-poy  dre-mo. 
Multiply  vb.a.  sgyur-ba,  sgril-ba,  sgre-ba, 

spel-ba,  ^pel-ba. 
Multitude  Icrod-pa,  Icromy  dmag^  yseb. 
Murder  vb.a.  ysod-pa;  8,  ysod-yddd. 
Murderer  ysod-bym. 
Muscle  (anatomy)  ^a,  nya. 
Muse  vb.  n.  rtog-pa. 
Mushroom  ha-mWy  mog-ha  W, 
Music  rol-mo. 
Musk  gla-rtsi'y  —  bag gla-bai  Ite-ba;  —  deer 

gla-ba. 
Musket  me-dd  C;  —  ball  rdeUy  rde. 
Mustard  ske-ts^,  skye-fs^,  yuns  512. 
Mute  adj.  Ikugs-pa,  han-lddn  W, 
Mutter  vb.a.  sami^-rna)  sum{-me)  zer-ba 

W.;  to  —  prayers  ma-ni  tan-he  W,y  zla- 

ba,  zlo-ba  491. 
Muzzle  s.  /ia-mtisul,  misuUpa, 
My  pron.  nai,  eleg.  bdag-giy  ned-kyi. 
Myriad  (JHg-^Kri, 
Mystic  s.  rgyud-pa. 


Nail  —  Number 


645 


N 


Nai  1  s.  yzer^  zer^  vur-pa\  a  little  —  yzi^nc^ 

yzer-bu;  —  of  a  linger  or  toe  sen-mOy  resp. 

p,yag'Sen,  zabs-shi. 
Naked  sgi^en-mOy  ybei^-bu^  rjen-pa. 
Name  s.  min^  resp.  mfsan. 
Name  vb.  min  y togs-pa^  skad-pa,  off^<^9'P^9 

zer-ba. 
Namely  de^an^  de  ^an\  ^di-lta-ste. 
Nape  Itag-pa. 

Napkin  /ca-pi/is^  lag-pyis^  pan-l^eb. 
Narcotic  adj.  smyo-oyM, 
Narrative  s.  Ixh-rgyus, 
Narrow  adj.  pal-mid^  zen-med,  dog-pa. 
Nasty  btsog-pa,  (b)rt8og(8)'pa. 
Nation  mi-lyrgyud  124,  sde  295,  rig^  527. 
Native  s.  yul-pa 
Native-place  yzis-ka. 
Natural  dnos-ma^  ma  bcos-pa. 
Naturally  ran-bzin-gyis,  yhis-kyis  565. 
Nature  nan^  cos-nyid^  rio-bo-mpd  129. 
Naught  (cipher)  mHa, 
Naughty  na-rayal-can. 
^ iiusea  skyttg-h'O'ba^  Kam-ldg^  Uams-rmyd, 
Navel  Ite-ba. 
Near  adj.  nye-ba\  adv  nye-bar^  r tsar  431, 

gram-du;  rgyan  fun-ba;  Idan-la,  Idan-du 

289;  to  be  —  nye-ba^  rten-pa  214. 
Neat  adj.  sdug-pa^  sdzig-gu. 
Necessaries  s.  yo-bydd. 
Necessary  adj.  dgos-pa^  rigs-pa  528;  to  be 

—  dgos-pa. 
Necessity  dgos-pa. 
Neck  ske^  mgur^  mgul^  mgnn-pa^  ^in-pa\ 

ynya'ba\  —  cloth  Ua-dkri^  Ma-ras. 
Neckerchief  dkri-ma,  mgul-Wis, 
Necklace  ske-cd. 
Need  s.  gyon. 
Needful  dgos-pa. 
Needle  A!a6,  Jsem-Kdh. 
Negative  s.  dgag-pa  94,  ^ag-pai  sgra. 
Neglect  vb.  ^^gyih-oa^  . .  ,la  mi  Ita-ba, 
Neigh  Jser-ba. 

Neighbour  Myim-mfses^ pa-rol-po, ^ 
Neighbourhood  sa-pydgSy  yul-pyogs. 
Nepal  bal'po^  bal-yuL   C  .  r  .•  ,, ;  .,     - 

Nephew  fsa-bo,  resp.  dbon-poy  dbon-srds. 
Nerve  hi-^'tsd. 
Nest  fsan. 

Net  rgya,  rgya-mo,  dol;  —  work  dra-ba. 
Nettle  zwa. 
Neutralize  ^cin-ba. 
Never  v.  naTn-yan  303. 
Nevertheless  yin-kyan,  yin-^na  yanW, 
New  so-ma,  ysar-ba,  ysar-po. 
News  ca^  skady  prin^  oprin,  lon^  hurt  W,\ 

good  —  lon-bzdn. 


Nice  sdug-pa. 

Night  namy  mfsan-mo;  —  quaiters  J>r an- 
sa ^  eleg.  mcis-brdny  resp.  yzim-brdn]  — 

watch  fun. 
Nimble  skyen-pa;  —  footed  rkan-mgyogs- 

pa. 
Nine  num.  dgu;  ninth  dgu-pa;  nineteen 

bdu-dgu;  nineteenth  bcu-dgu-pa;  ninety 

dgu-bcu;  ninetieth  dgu-bcu-pa. 
Nip  vb.  a.  gi'um-pa. 
Nipple  nu-ma  305,  pi-pi. 
Nitre  ho-ra. 
No,  none  v.  gan  65. 
Nobility  dpaZno.4,  326. 
Noble  adj.  drag-pa,  btsun-pa,  skye-mfd. 
Nobleman  rye-bo,  jni-drag-pa,  no-nd  306. 
Noblewoman  btsun-mOy  se-ma  W. 
Nod  vb.  a.  (beckon)  lag-brda  byed-pa\  *go 

kug  taii-h^  W. 
Node,  ascending  —  sgra-ycan\  descending 

—  ke-ta. 
Noise  klag-c&ry  grag-pa,  sgra,  ^ur^  hi,  ku- 

sgra\  —  made  by  thunder  etc.  cems-fhns 

161 ;  to  make  a  —  Jirol-ba. 
Noisome  nam-pa. 
Nominate  sko-ba^  JSol-ba. 
Nonsense  cab-doby  dal-cdl;  to  talk  —  cal- 

c6l  smra-ba. 
Nook  Ihigy  Kugs. 
Noon  daun. 
North  byan. 
Nose  sna,  *nam-tsul^  W. 
Nostril  sna-Kuh. 

Not  ma  408,  mi  413,  m£d  v.  med-pa  417. 
Notch  s.  Uram-Ray  nya-ga,  Itoh-ga. 
Note  s.  mcan-bUy  yi-ge  no.  2,  508. 
Nothing  ban  mi  138,  ci  mi  140;  —  but  ^a- 

stag,  col.  Uarkyan  (v.  rkyan~pa);  ^ba-hig 

391. 
Notice  s.  rgyusy  ?a,  ton;  to  give  —  Ion 

sprin-ba. 
Notion  du-ses. 

Notwithstanding  ^on-kyan  502. 
Noun  substantive  dnos-min  131 
Nourish  Jso-ba,  yso-ba. 
Nourishing  adj.  nyaTns-brtas  byed-pa. 
Nourishment  zas. 
Novice  dge-bsny^Sd. 
Now  da,  da-lta,  yzod^  ^o-nd  500;  —  and 

then  bar-bar-du  or  la',  just  —  mor-fdg  227 ; 

not  until  —  da-yzdd  247. 
Nowhere  v.  Hr  141. 
Noxious  mi-dgos-pa,  nyes-pa,  y dug-pa. 
Null  adj.  soby  sog,  ysob,  ysog. 
Number  s.  grans. 
Number  vb.  a.  bgran-ba^  rtsi-ba. 


0^-^^ 


646 


Numberless  —  Oppress 


Numberless  bgran-yds. 

Numerous  rgyas-pa. 

Nun  cos-ma^  otsun-mo^  mo-btsyn  435;  )o- 

mo  173. 
Nurse  s.  (children's)  md-ma. 


Nurse  up  vb.  a.  ysos  skyed^a^  dcyed  mn- 

6a  30. 
Nutriment  head. 
Nutritious  bcud-baUy  IbHa. 


O 


Oak  ca-^a,  be-Mn^  —  forest  be-Urdil. 

Oar  skya^  gi^-Uyem. 

Oath  yi-ddm,  resp.  fugs-ddrriy  mna^  bro. 

Oats  ka-rtsam,  yug-fo. 

Ob  edient  bka  nyan-pa, 

Ob  ey  Ua-la  (or  resp.  zal-la)  nyan-pa. 

Objects,  ynas^  rdzas^  zan-zviy  dnos-po  131 ; 

—  of  perception  yul  513;  mental  -  dmigs- 

Ytdd, 
0  r)  I  a  t  i  o  n  nicod-pa,  sbym-pa  405. 
Oblige  (compel)  v.  Tuni-gyis  303. 
Obliged,  to  feel  —  dnn-dran-pa. 
Oblique  hyom-Uycnny  yo-ba^  han-lca. 
Oblong  nar-ino^  kyon. 
Obscuration  syjw-pa  120. 
Obscure  ad j .  viun-pa,  go-dJca-ba  7 1 . 
Obscure  vb.  a.  'sgnb-pa-,  obscured  dkngs- 

pa^  rmon-buj  nnohs-'pa. 
Obscurity  mun-pa. 

Observe  sruh-ba^  . .  .la  Ita-ba  I  no.  3,  216. 
Obstinate  kyon-po, go-fag-^an W, (lit. mgo- 

mhregs'can). 
Obstruct  ogegs-pa^  bcur-ba . 
Obstruction  bgegs,  ^ag. 
Obtain  sgtnib-pay  myed-pay  fob-pa^  len-pa. 
Obviate  /cod-pa,  zhg-pa. 
Occasion  s.  rkyeriy  glagSy  skabs\  ou  —  of 

skabs-su. 
Occupy  ^dzin-pa  no.  3,  465. 
Occur  ^yur-bay  Jon-pay  jyii-ba. 
Occurrence  rkyeriy  d/m-po. 
Ocean  rgya-Ttifso. 
Odour  dn,  dri-ma. 
Oesophagus  Ikog-ma, 
Of  prep,  kyi  6,  nas  304,  las  546. 
Off  adv.  par  341,  yos  508. 
Offence  sdig-pa;  to  commit  an  —  nyes^tty 

sdig-pa  byed-pa. 
Offend  Jlan-bay  Jcu-ba, 
O f fensi  ve  sin-tu  fu-buy  mi ^m-pa]  yid-du 

mi  ^on-ba. 
Offer  sbyin-pa. 
Offering  s.  mcod-pay  Jml-bay  yon\  —  lamp 

mcodsdxm'y  —table  mcod-Uriymcod'8tegs*y 

house  or  place  of  —  mcod-Uan, 
Office  ^ah-po. 
Officer  ^o-pay  blorirpo. 
Official  s.  bka-bloriy  bka-yhags. 
Official  adj.  blon-poi,  bka-blon-gyi;  —  pa- 
per bka-hog. 


Offspring  broyudy  ba-rgyud. 

Oh  inter] .  ia,  m-yey  kyCy  kye-ma  7;  oh  very 

well!  ^0  lags^so. 
Oil  mary  mar-ndg  W.;  —  cake  mar-gyi 

fsigs-ma-y  —  lamp  ^un-gu,     ^^v^v^  C  . 
Ointment  shid:^  oyug-pa. 
Old  r gad-pa y  cen-mo  W.y  imyin-pay  bead- 

po'y  —  age  raas'ka;  —  man  rgad-pOy  - 

woman  rgaa-mo;  —  squire  ^a-^a  63;  to  be 

—  rga-ba-y  to  grow  ~  bgre-ba. 
Oleander  ka-ra-Jn-ra. 

Olive  skyU'TUy  Ka-skyur-po  Sik,;  —  tree 

skyu-ru  ^'«,  lia^kyur-poi  ^n  Stk, 
Omen  sna-ltdSy  ItaSy  rtags. 
Omit  bsol'ba. 
Omniscient  kun-7nkyhi. 
On  prep.  Ica-rUy  Afar  34,  Ka-fog^luy  ka-tod- 

la  35,  dgan-lay  dgen-la,  sgen-la  114,  fog-tu 

237,  na  298. 
Once  (one  time)  lan-ydig;  —  more  ced-^ 

da-runy  pytry  yariy  slar-y  at.—  v.  tar  139; 

(at  the  same  time)  ]h/ogs  ycig-la  352. 
One  num.  ytigy  ~  at  a  time  ytig-big  144; 

—  eyed  mig'Zdr\  —  footed  rkan-yHg-pa; 
the  one  —  the  other  ycig  . . .  ycigy  ybtg-po. 

One  pron.  (French  'on')  skyes-hu  31;  —an- 
other ycig-gis  yHg  143;  by  one's  self  z^- 

Onion  bisoii,  [/'^  144. 

Only  adj.  ycig-kay  ybig-pu  144;  zad  (v. 
^dzad'pa  464). 

Only  adv.  ka-rkyah  (v.  rkyah-pa  17),  la- 
stag  555;  Ko-na  43,  ycig-tu  144 ;  ^^ba-kigmy 
man-na  mi  411,  tsam  430;  not  —  ma  zad- 
cfe445.         ^ 

On  en  adj.  pyes-pay  pyes-Uy  vulgo  pe-U'y 
bkag-pa  ma  yin-^a. 

Open  vb.  a.  Zfa  Jbyed-pay  bgrad-^a;  vb.  n. 
Jbye-bay  Ma  Jbye-ba, 

Opening  s.  Kay  bu-ga. 

Openly  nos-su  130,  mnon-sum^u  133;  a- 
ysal'la  W.  605. 

Opinion  grub-^mtdy  Ita-bay  snan-ba;  in  my 

—  nas  bitas-pa^s  216. 
Opportunity  skabsy  glagSy   rgyuy   stabsy 

fabsy  sa. 
Opposite  ka-drany  gO'-ldog;  —  side  pas^ 

Uay  pa-roly  par-nos. 
Opposition,  to  be  or  act  in  —  ^al-ba  c 

las  or  dan. 
Oppress  ndn-pa. 


Optical  deception  —  Park 


647 


Optical  deception  mig-JiriiL 

Or  yan-na  506. 

Oracle  gros-^drisa. 

Orally  Ka-nas^  col.  Ka-na.  ,  ) 

O ranee  tsa-lmn-pa,   C    Xo^  ^^-^  - 

Orb  ^or-lo;  —of transmigration  oA'w-6a 58. 

Orchard  bza-sin-ra-ba^  Idum-ra, 

Ordain  bsnyen-par  rdzogs-pa^  bsnyen^ 

rdzogs  mdzad-pa  469. 
Order  s.  (succession)  go^m  71;  to  put  in 

—  hom-pa^  ytan-la  ^bebs^pa;  (command) 

bka^  bka  btags-pa^  bka-tah^  bkor-ynan-ba'^ 

zal-yddms;  hu-kumW.]  (purpose)  in  —  to 

don-du  259,  pyir-du  361 
Order  vb.  a.  (command)  bka  ynan-ba  13, 

sgo-ba  116. 
Orderly  adj.  fsul-mfun. 
Ordinarily  rgyun^  pal-cer. 
Organ  (of  sense)  dban-po. 
Orifice  /fa,  bu-ga. 
Origin  Kuns^  byun-Kum^  ^o-ma^  fog-ma^ 

i^ags-fsul,  rtsa-ba. 
Originate  vb.  n.  krun-ba^  cogs-pa 
Ornament  s.  rgynn^  (hin-po. 
Orphan  da-prng. 
Orthography  dag-yig^  yi-g^  sdeb-sbydr, 

brda-^prdd. 
Other  y^an^  y^^an-pay  ykan-ma^  sos^  ycig- 

Otter  sram. 
Ought  V.  rgj/u  110. 


Ounce  sran. 

Our,  ours  wai  124,  ned-kyt  121- 

Out  adv.  ^mr  361,  pyi-rol-tu  349;  to  be  — 

(mistaken)  Jcrul-ba\  out  of  prep,  noa, 

koh-noB, 
Outcast  s,  ydol-pa. 
Outcry  grogs-pa. 
Outlet  sgo. 
Outside  s.  Uoy  pyi-roL 
Outside  adv.  pyi  III  349. 
Outward  adj.  pyii\  —  appearance  ca-6ydrf. 
Over  prep,  goh-du^  bar-snan  or  la\  bla\  — 

against  Uo-dran^  taA(^-kci)\  adv.  to  be  — 

(past)  tol-bo  II  no.  5,  231. 
Overcome  vb.  a.  fub-poynon-po^  vb.  n. 

sran-pa. 
Overflow  vb.  a.  yym-bo\  vb.  n.  lud-pa, 
Overhasty  ha-can  rins-pa^  ha-ton  myur- 

^es'pa. 
Overseer  skul-Uan^  do-damrpa,  mgo  byed- 

pat  mi. 
Overshadow  Jieb-pa. 
Overtake  snyegs-pa,  y tug-pa. 
Overthrow  vb.  sgyel-ba^  rtog-pa. 
Overturn  vb.  sgyel-ba^  rtib-pa. 
Owl  ^ug-pa. 

Own  adj.  ran-gi^  nytd-kyi. 
Own  vb.  (possess)  bdog-pa^  dbah'ba\  own- 
ing mna^a. 
Owner  mna-bddg. 
Ox  glan^  ba-glan. 


Pace  s.  gom-pa\  ^^ag-pa^  gom-^cag-pa. 

Pace  vb.  gom-pa  Jboi*-ba. 

Pack  vb.  a.,  to  —  on  Jiel-bo*^  to  —  up  teg- 
pa. 

Paddle-wheel  sku-^ru. 

Padlock  dm-pa. 

Page  s.  (waiting-boy)  go-7'e-ldn;  sku-dru/l- 
pa,  sku-mdun-pa ;  —  of  a  book  sog-hgs. 

Pail  zo-ba. 

Pain  s.  (bodily)  zicg.,  yzug\  yzer\  (mental) 
mya-ndn  420,  sdug-bshal  294;  to  take  pains 
^^U'ba.,  J)ad-pa;  brtson-^grus  byed-pa. 

Pain  vb.  a.  Jse^ba\  to  be  pained  ydun-ba. 

Paint  s.  fson\  vb.  a.  skud-po. 

Painter  ri-mo-m/can. 

Painting  s.  ri-mo,  fan-ka. 

Pair  s.  zu7iy  dor. 

Pairing  s.  (copulation)  Jcrig-pa, 

Palace  po-bran. 

Palanquin  Jcyogs\  *Uyog-bdn*  fT.,  *peb- 
hdn*  C,  (v.  dpyan-ba  328). 

Palate  (ttaw,  rkan 

Pale  adj.  "^kya-ko-r^^  kya-te-r^  25. 

Palm  8.  (of  the  hand)  lag-mfii^  fal^mo. 


Pan  (large)  8Za(/i)-/?a;  (small) dra-2t^;  (flat) 

ta-ba. 
Pancake  *tul-ta-gir*  W,  234. 
Pankah  (fan)  bsU-ydb. 
Pannier  yzed-ma. 
Pant  vb.  n.  rnam-pa,  dnan-ba. 
Pap  (porridge)  styo-ma^  Ico-ldg, 
Paper  s.  sog-bu  563;  a  sheet  of  —  gre-ga^ 

official  —  bka-hog. 
Parable  dpe  327,  Jtra-dpe, 
Paradigm  dpe-brydd. 
Paradise  mto-ris 
Paragraph  mam-bcad-pa. 
Paralyze  ^cin-ba^  nyams-par  byed-pa. 
Parasol  ydugs. 
Parcel  s.  (package)  fums  234. 
Parch  rnod-poj  slam-pa. 
Pardon  vb.  a.  (to  use  forbearance)  bzod- 

pa  498;  (to  leave  unpunished)  ^gyod  mi 

rmo-ba^  cad-pas  mi  ydod-pa 
Pare  koa-pa  su-ba. 
Parenthesis  yi-gei mcan-bu. 
Parents  po-md. 
Park  skyed-mos-tsdl. 


648 


1- 


Parrot  —  Petting 


-W. 


,  V*     ft. 


^i^SX. 


tl^^cc 


Parrot  ne-t&o. 

Parsimonious  hrirhes-Uan  W. 

Parsley  y-^^ra  C,  ha-mulig  W, 

Part  8.  &,  ?a-^a8,  ^os,  mam-pa^  Ha^  Hag^ 

ga-has^  Ihu;  in  —  (partly)  ca  ^dra  t&am\ 

at  equal  parts  ca-snyoms. 
Part  vb.  a.  ^pralrba^  vb.  n.  ^ye-ba,  Jbral- 

ha. 
Partake  ca  fob-^a^  fob-ca  ^dzin-pa^  bgo- 

skal  fob-pa. 
Partaker  *^o-A:an*  W, 
Partial  (biased)  nye-rin. 
Particle  (grammatical)  fstg-jWad. 
Particularly  Kyad^ar-du^  m^og-tu. 
Partition  dbye-ba\  —  wall  ?od,  bar-skya. 
Parti z an  pyogs-pa. 
Partly  ca  tsam^  ga-^as;  v.  also  la-Id  541; 

Ma-cig  84. 
Partner  Ma^ya^  ya^  ya-do  W.^ grogSy  zla-bo. 
Partridge  sreg-pa. 
Party  (part)  pyogs  352. 
Pas  (in  dancmg)  gom-pa. 
Pass  vb.  n.  skyodrpa^  ^^grtd-bay  rgyug-pa^ 

rgyvd-pa^  jcor-ba^  fal-ba;  to  —  away 

Jior-ba^  ^da-ba,  ^bud-pa  W,;  vb.  a.  (to 

cross)  rgal-ba^  zla-ba;  to  —  over  a  certain 

space  Jda-ba, 
Passage  fen  trance  or  exit)  sao^  lam. 
Passion  cags-pa,  ^dod-^dga,  oag-^dgs. 
Passport  bka-^og,  lam-yig. 
Past  adj.  ^das-pa^  —  ages  sna-^^ol;  to  be  — 

yol-ba. 
Paste  s.  skyo-ma;  vb.  a.  sbyor-ba. 
Pastry  Jcur-ba.     '  ^    -.   i    ^ 

Pasturage  bzan. 
Pasture  s.  neu-ysin'^  —  land  ^ol-fdn^  Jb^^9' 

ynas. 
Pat  vb.  a.  Jyyug-pa. 
Patch  s.  Ihan-pa]  vb.  a.  Ihan-pas  ^debs-pa^ 

glan-pa. 
Patience  bzod-pa. 
Patient  adj.  bzod-pa-ban. 
Patron  mgo-skydn^  mgo-^dren^  mgon-po. 
Pattern  ape.,  vuij  ri-mo. 
Pauper  doul-pons^  med-po,  med-mo. 
Pavement  skyan-nul. 
Paw  s.  spar-ba. 
Pay  vb.  a.  sprod-pa^  ^al-ba. 
Pay  s.  gla^  pogs. 
Pea,  pease  sran-^ma^  »rad-ma. 
Peace  zod^  dus-bde.,  zi-bde. 
Peach  ka-fa  ra.,  Kam-bu^  bun-du  li. 
Peacock  rma-bya. 
Peak  rt8e(-mo). 
Pear  nyti-ti,  nyo-ti. 
Pearl  mu-Hg. 
Peasant  gron-pa,  gron-mi;  kyimrpa-pay 

zin-va. 
Pebble  rdeu^  rde;  cu-7*dd\  hag-ma. 
Pedestrian  rkah-fan-pa. 


Peel  s.  Kog-pGy  hin-pa. 

Peel  vb.  a.  Kog-pa  hw-ba^  m-ba. 

Peep-hole  so-Kuh  578. 

Peg  rtod-pa^  ydah-bu^  pur-pa. 

Pen  s.  smytig-gu;  —  knife  smuug-grt. 

Pen  vb.  a.  (sheep  etc.)  skyU-boy  ^egs-pa. 

Penalty  rgval,  ston. 

Penance  cUca-fub.,  dka-spydd;  brtul-zugs. 

Pencil  yya-fig,  Jbri-smyug ;  pir. 

Pencil-cedar  mg-pa. 

Penetrate  Icyab-pa^  ^dzugs^a. 

Penis  w^^,  sgro-ba  C, 

Penitent  adj.  dka-fub^  brtulr-zugs. 

Pent-roof  carskyibs. 

People  8.  skyes-bu;  common  —   dmans., 

smad-rigs. 
Pepper  s. po-ba-ri;  Guinea  —  yyer-ma  C, 

*nyer-m€r  or  *tsan-t^  or  su-ru-pan-tsd  W. 
Peppermint  po-lo-lin  W, 
Perambulate  ^^mrpa. 
Perceive  rtogs-pa,  fsar-^a^  yid-la  byed-puy 

rag-pa  W.y  rtg^a. 
Perception  go-oa^  rtogs-pa;  object  of  - 

yulblS' 
Perfect  adj.  grub-pa^  pun-tisdgs.,  pui-byun^ 

tsan-^ma^  rdzogs-pa. 
Perfection  dnos-grub;  state  of  —  ^m^A-po. 
Perfectly  6aw,  rdzogs-par. 
Perform  byed-pa^  sgrub-pa^   bco-ba  PT., 

spyod-pa. 
Perfume  s.  spos. 

Perhaps  gal-te-na^  gran;  su  ses,  H  ses  W. 
Peril  s.  nyen^  bar-^dd^  Jirul-so. 
Perimeter  mfor-skdr. 
Period  dus-fsigs^  dics-mfsams;  ynas-skabs; 

former  —  snon-roL 
Perish  Jig-pa-^  med-par  ^yur-ba. 
Permission  dgons-pa,  bka  ynan-ba;  with 

your --h^W.  476. 
Permit  bka  ynan-ba;  to  be  permitted  cog- 
pa,  run-ba. 
Pernicious  narirpa^  ma-^^n-^a. 
Perpendicular  gyen-la  dran-po  W. 
Perpetual  rtag-pa. 
Perpetually  rgyun-du. 
Persecute  myeg-pa,  ^ded-pa,  Jse-ba. 
Perseverance  yid  yons-su  mi  skyo-ba  or 

mi  ^gyur-ba. 
Persia  ta-zig. 
Person  gah-zdg. 
Personal  dhos. 

Personally  mnon-sum-du^  dnos-su. 
Perspiration  rnid.  t<  -C_^'^     * 
Pertinacious  mgo-mlcregs-can. 
Peruke  skra-fsab. 
Perverse  go-ldog. 
Perversity  pyin-di-ldg. 
Pervert  rlog-pa. 
Pestle  ytun.^  dgog-tih  C, 
Petting  adj.  mnyo-mnyo-ban  W, 


/  J^N 


i\l-'-: 


Petroleum  —  Polish 


649 


Petroleum  rdo-snum. 
Petticoat  mo-gds,  ham-gos. 
Pewter  dkar-yyd. 
Philology  sgra-tiff-pa. 
Philosophy  nan-dcm-i'ig'pa  527. 
Phlegm  bad-kaThy  hidrpa. 
Phlegmatic  nan-brgyud  rin-ba;  —  dis- 
position *U'gyii'dhal'tca*  C,    (lit.  «^- 
rgyvd  dal-bd). 
Physician  sman-pa;  ^em-ci^  'am-N-,  yso- 

ba-po  590. 
Piccolo-flute  pi'ed-glin. 
Pick  vb.  a.  Jfyed-^a;  to  —  up  sgrug-pa. 
Pickle  s.  skyur-rum. 
Picture  s.  bzo^  zo^  ri-mo;  faii-ka,  resp.zal- 

fan;  —  of  a  saint  bris-sku^  sku-bris. 
Piebald  Ura-bo, 

Piece  s.  (laa-hnimy  cag-dum^  dwni,  mam- 
pa;  a  single  —  zun  488;  a  small  —  Uol-bu; 
to  fall  to  pieces  rdib-pa. 
Pierce  Jng{s)'pa. 
Piety  Urel;  ^os-la  dga-bai  sems. 
Pig  pag. 

Pigeon  jyurrdn^  pug-rdn. 
Pigtail  cvrti  W.y  Idan-lo  C. 
Pilaw  pU'la^  po-la. 
Pile  vb.  a.  sgril-ba,  bcer-ba^  rtseg-pa. 
Pilfer  byi  byedrpa. 
Pilgrimage,  to  go  on  a  —  mjaUba. 
Pill  s.  rilrim. 
Pillar  korba. 

Pillow  snas^  snye-stdUy  snye-JboL 
Pin  s.  pur-pa^  jizin-yya  C,  zum-lcdb  W, 
Pincers  skaTn-hin. 
Pinch  vb.,  the  shoe  pinches  *Kab'ha  dam 

dug"^  W,  297. 
Pious  skal'ldan;  Urel-ban^  cos-can^  cos- 

sem^ban  W, ;  ^os-la  dga-ba. 
Pis^  gyah^  gyen  74. 
Pistol  *me'd6!'  C,  "ran-Jbdr''  W. 
Pit  s.  Uun^  Uur'is^  don. 
Pitcher  cu-sndd^  cu-rdzd^  ben^  rdza-bum. 
Pitchfork  zar. 
Pith  ynad. 
Pitiable  dmarirpa. 
Pity  s.  snyin-bTise-ba. 
Place  s.  kag^  sa^  sa-lcyady  gOy  yul-gru,  yul^ 
ynas^  sa-^a^  g7'on;  to  take  —  ^gyur-ba^ 
^byun-ba. 
Place  vb  a.  ojog-pa,  Jbor-ba^  ^dzug^-pa; 

to  be  placed  Kod-pa, 
Plagues  ynyan^  ^o-bai  nad^  ^go-bai  rims ; 

nan-rims^  rims-ndd. 
Plaid  yzan-gds. 
Plain  s.  fan;  nos. 
Plain  adj.  (without  ornament)  jam-sahy 

rgyan-mid. 
Plaintiff  *fim  zu-Ican*  W. 
Plait  8.  lan-bu]  vb.  a.  lan-bu  sle-ba;  y bud- 
pa. 


Plan  s.  bkob-lta,  bkod-pa;  vb.  a.  ^god-pa. 
Plane  s.  pag-ste  W,;  vb.  a.  *pag-ste  srul- 

ce^  W. 
Planet  yza  492. 
Plank  span,  span-leb. 
Plant  s.  sno^  rtswa;  vb.  a.  ^dzugs-pa. 
Plantain  skyes-sddn;  tor-la 
Plaster  s.  (in  surgery)  Jryar-sman, 
Plaster  vb.a.  (to  pave)  skyan-niU  byed-pa. 
Plastering  s.  zai-ba  474. 
Plate  s.  glegs^  gra-U  Ld.,  ta-bagW.;  tin  — 

fa-li  W. ;  iron  —  Idags-fdl, 
Plate  vb.a.  his  yton-ba  160. 
Play  vb.  (to  sport)  rtse-ba,  rtsed-pa;  to  — 
on  an  instrument  Jh*ol'ba^  skrog-pa;  to  — 
a  trick  ynod-pa  skyel-ba. 
Play- fe How  rtse-grdgs,  grogs-liyeu. 
Play-ground  rtse-sa 
Pleasant  sdug-pa,  yid-du  ^on-ba;  to  be  — 

Jad-pa. 
Pleasantness  Jiyer-so. 
Please  vb.  a.  dga-bar  byed-pa;  vb.  n.  v. 
micyen-pa  55;  if  you  please  zu  476;  to  be 
pleasea  dgyes-pay  bsod-pa. 
Pleasing  adj.  dgor-mo^  osod-pa. 
Pleasure  dga-ba,  rtsed-mc,  yyen-rtsedy 
rtsed-Jo;  snyin  dga-ba  or  bae-ba;  at  — 
ran-dgdr,  yia  bzin-du. 
Plebeian  ma-rabsy  pal-pa. 
Pledge  s.  rgyan,  yta-may  yte-pa, 
Pleiades  smin-drug. 
Plentiful  Urigs,  rgyas-pa,  mod-po;  to  be 

—  ^dzomrpa. 
Plenty  s.  lons-spydd. 
Pliable,  Pliant  mnyen-pa,  mnyen-laig^ 

Icug-pa. 
Plough  s.  y^ol;  vb.a.  ysolrmda  ^dzin-pa; 

rmO'ba. 
Pluck  s.  (of  an  animal)  snyin-lun. 
Pluck  vb.  sgrug-pa. 
Plummet  za-nyei  ytin-rdo. 
Plump  Ikob;  rom-po  W, 
Plunder  vb.  ^og-pa,  ^kog-te  Mm^-ce  W.  95- 
Pock  s.  JjTum-pa;  —  marked  Tndzar-ra" 

mdzer-ri  Ld, 
Pocket  s.  can-da,  dku-mda,  /cud-pa;  — 
book  yi-gei  ^ubs;  sam-ta,  sab-dra;  —  fire 
me-lbags;  —  handkerchief  na-a  C,  na- 
pi  W. 
Pocket  vb.  a.  Jcur-ba. 
Pod  gan-buy  Igah-bu, 
Poem  nag-snydn;  snyan-dnags. 
Poetry  sdeb-sbyor. 

Point  s.  fseg,  nag-fseg;  main  —  don,  tna- 
yhi;  to  be  on  the  —  ca-ba;  v.  also  las  II 
extr.  546. 
Poison  dug. 
Poker  yog-po. 
Polecat  hil'byi, 
Polish  vb.  bdar-ba. 

41» 


^     A,U 


tiCCux^r-Jva^  ,  k.ir/' ci^^Ct h^  ' 


'.  /-"f  0 


:l  .  .*-      C 


fiW 


Polished  —  Print 


Polished  adj.  ^od-can 

Politeness  ze-sa. 

Pollute  Jbag-pa, 

Pollution  grib. 

Pomatum  sra-skud. 

Pomegranate  se-Jbru^seu, 

Pond  rdzin. 

Ponder  serns-pa,  resp.  dgo/is-pa;  bsam-blo 

yton-ba. 
Pool  hi-Uyil^  Iten-ka,  [otf^w.-a^wc  C 

Poor  dbul-ba,  pon8'j)a,  iian-pay  giji-na^ 

KaS'dmdn^  Kas-zdn]  the  poor  people! 

snyin-re-iye. 
Poplar  dbyar-pa ;  ma-gdl  W. ;  yhoUpo, 
Popular  mon-ha-ban  W, 
Popularity  nwn-za  W. 
Porcelain  kar-yol^  dJcar-yol]  —  clay  k'am- 

pa. 
Porch  sgO'Kdn. 

Porcupine  rgan,  byi-tur^  yzig-TUO. 
Pore  smd  Uun-bu^  ba^spui  bu-ga. 
Porridge  zan  486. 
Portal  sgO'Udn, 
Portion  s.  skal-ba,  ?a  160,  da-^ds;  fsod^  Ihu 

601 ;  —  of  meat  rgya-^^^  sder-gdn. 
Position  go  70. 
Positive  adj.  dnos. 
Possess,  to  be  possessed  of  bdog-pa. 
Possessing  adj.  bcas-pa  146- 
Possession,  to  hold  in  —  ^dzin-pa  465. 
Possibility  glags,  go-skdbs,  rgyu,  sa. 
Possible,  to  be  —  sind-pa. 
Post  s.  (pillar)  ka-ba. 
Posteriors  rkub^  mjug^ pum-pum,  ml-jja. 
Postillion  rfa-zamr'pa. 
Postpone  bhol'ba,  srin-ba. 
Postscript  yan-skf/dr. 
Post-service  ^u-ldg  499. 
Post-station  rta-zdm. 
Pot  s.  Hog -may  rdza-ma,  pan-dil  W,;  — 

cloth  fsa-ldibsy  —  house  can-Man. 
Potato  skyi-bay  ^kui-u*  C,  ^dho-may  gya- 

dJio*  C.  78;  'a-lu  W.    a.    ,\        C. :.  * 
Potency  dbah. 
Potsherd  gyo-mo^  ^ag-po. 
Pouch  s.  rkyal-bu^  /ciig-ma^  kab-ta-ka  Ld, 
Poultry  Ryim-bya, 

Pound  vb.a  rdun-ba^  Ui^vx-Kt^um  byed-pa. 
Pour  IdugS'pa^  Jbyo-ba^  Jbo-ba. ' 
Poverty  pons^pa^  dbul-ba. 
Powder  s.  pye-ma.  "  * 

Power  mna^  mna-tdny  mfu^  nus-pa. 
Powerful  rgyags-pay  nar-ma.,  btsan-po 
Powerless  dban-mM;  to  render  —  dban- 

med-du  ^col-ba. 
Practice  s.  lag-leUy  resp.  j>yag-len'y  lob- 

Uydd  W, 
Practise  vb.  a.  sbyon-ba. 
Praise  s.  snag-ysdl;  vb.a.  snag-pay  stod-pa. 
Prattle  s.  dol-(fun. 


Pray  vb.  n.  ysol-bay  hi-ba.   -— <^.  ~  t<^ ^.  ^  -* 
Prayer /'soWa;  —  mill  cos-Hor^  via-ni-m- 

/cor. 
Preach  cos  sgrog-pa^  resp,  cos-kyi  sgrog- 

glen  mdzad-pa. 
Precede  snon-du  ^o-ba» 
Preceding  sna-moy  stion-^o. 
Precept  bka-bsgoSy  bka-rtagSy  Urims^  m, 

ydams-pay  bslab-bya. 
Precious  dkon-pay  ybes-pa^  rin-cenyiin- 

po-ce;  the  most  -  thing  dkon-mcog  10. 
Precipitous  yzar-ba. 
Precisely  raiiy  k'o-na. 
Preface  s.  shon-^o. 
Prefect  yul-dpoUy  mi-dp6n. 
Preferable  bla. 
Prefix  s.  shon-jugy  oPul(ryig^. 
Pregnant  sbrum-pa-,  sems-dan  dan  Idm- 

pa  290. 
Preparation  grabsy  rgyUy  sta-gdn. 
Prepare  soyn-pa,  sbyor-ba  I,  no.  2,406;  hco- 

ba  W.y  dger-ba  C,  Jki-ba  168;  to  —  yict- 

uals  for  the  table  yyo-bay  yyossubyed-pa. 
Prepuce  mdun-pagSy  ^dom-pags. 
Prerogative  don. 
Presage  s.  sna-ltds. 
Presence,  in  —  ofmdun-du^  resp.  spyan- 

snar.  *:o   -  *^^^ ^  c^ '.  ^^- "*«£».-  •  ■;•  ^ r/  - ^ '  - ^ 

Present  s.  (gift)  skyesy  rten,  zu-rtSuy  resp. 

yzigs-rthiy  ^Icyos-pay  bya-dgdy  sbyin-pa. 
Preserve  vb.  skyoh-bay  skyob-poy  srm-ba. 
Press  vb.  bkan-pay  bear-bay  glem-pa  t\ 

norirpay  Jsir-bay  to  —  hard  (in  an  inquest) 

tsir  tagjh^-pa  C. 
Pressingly  nan-gyis^dOS-  \ 

Presume  (arrogate)  Kas-len-pa  34. 
Pretty  adj.  mcor-poy  sdug-poy  dga-mo.  \ 

Prevail  on  Jug-pa. 

Prevent  o^o^8-pa,  ycod-pa^  dog-pa.  \ 

Preventive  s.  srun-ba. 
Previous  adj.  snon-^gro.  \ 

Previously  swo-wo,  sna-goAy  snany  snar^ 

shon.  I 

Price  gony  tahy  rin. 
Prick  vb.  a.  snun-pay  ^dzugs-pa  465. 
P  r  i  c  k  i  n  ff  (pungent)  rtsub-po. 
Pricks  lastenea  to  the  feet  for  climbing 

mountains  rkaii-mdzer. 
Pride  s.  iia-rgyaly  dregs-pay  po-sOy  rhm-pOj 

rlom-sems. 
Priest  bla-ma. 
Priestcraft  ^os-zog. 
Priesthood  dge-Jdun. 
Primary  adj.  v.  rtsct-ba. 
Prime  minister  bka-bUn. 
Prince  rgyai-buy  rgyal-srds. 
Principal  adj.  m^ogy  ytso-bo;  —  part  mgo. 
Principal  s.  mgon-pOy  ^^go-dpon. 
Principally  ytso-bor. 
P  r  i  n  t  vb.  par-du  ^debs-pa,  par  rgyah^a  If. 


J 


c . 


Printer  —  Pustule 


651 


Printer  par-jpa. 

Printing-office  par-lean. 

Prison  btson-Uan^  Uri-viun. 

Prisoner  btson. 

Private,  Privately  sgos. 

Privilege  s.  ynah-oa. 

Privities  ^donu%  sba-ba. 

Privy  s.  ^ab^Uun^  ysan-spydd. 

Prize  s.  (reward)  dau-mfsdn. 

Probationer  dge-osnyen. 

Proboscis  glan-sna. 

Proceed  ^gye-ba,  spro-ba;  to  let  —  ^cd- 

pa  97. 
Proclaim  bka  bkod-pa^  bka  ^dogs-pa^  sgrog- 

pa,  sgyur-ba  W, 
Proclamation  bka  bkod-pa,  bka  btags-pa, 

bka '^dogs-pa. 
Procreate  skyed-pa,  bso-ba. 
Procure  sgrub-pa,  ynyer-ba^  sbyor-ba^ 

Jsol'ba. 
Produce  s.  fog. 
Produce  vb.  skyed-pa;  to  be  produced 

cags'pa. 
Product  s.  (sum  total)  brtm-zin. 
Professor  wMan-po. 
Profit  s.  %kyed^  Afe,  Uye^  don^  spogs;  pan- 
pa,  pan-fogs,  bed. 
Pro  fi  table  drug,  pan  -^dogs-pa. 
Profound  zab-pa. 
Prognostic  s.  sna-ltas. 
Progress  s.  skyed. 
Prohibit  Jcegs-pa,  ^egs-pa. 
Project  vb.  a.  ^od'pa\  vb.  n.  fal-ba. 
Prolong  bhol-ba,  »rin-ba. 
Prolongation  stud-ma. 
Prominent,  to  be  —  fal-ba. 
Promise  s.  'iad\  vb.  cad -pa,  Jce-ba,  Uas- 

len-pa,  dam  ^ca-ba. 
Promulgate  sgrog-pa,  ryod-pa. 
Pronounce  ^don-pa,  rjod-pa. 
Pronunciation  tcogs,  zer-VSogs^  zer-fsul 

W.,  klog-fsul,  i^od-dbyans  C. 
Proof  s.  miion-rtdgSy  rtags,  rgyu-mfsan. 
Prop  s.  rgyab-rten\  vb.  a.  %kyo^*-ba. 
Propagation  sa-bon\  dar-ba. 
Propensity  bag-cdgs. 
Proper  drios  131;  —  place  go\  —  ivm^bsgan. 
Property  yon-tan.  Ions-spy dd;  —  left  ml 

561. 
Prophesy  vb.  lun  ston-pa. 
Prophet  lun-ston-pa. 
Prophetic  sight  mnon-hes,  ^od-ysal,  resp. 

fu^s-mlcyen. 
Propitious  bkra-his-pa,  dge-ba. 
Proportion  fig-fsad,  byad. 
Propound  ryod-pa,  ston-pa,  ^cad-pa. 
Proprietor  bdag-po. 
Prospect  (likelinood)  no  129,  ?a  151. 
Prosperity  bkra-his.  ^ 

Prosperous  yyan-ban. 


Prostitute  s.  ^pyon-ma,  smad-fson-ma. 
Protect  skyob-pa,  ^gebs-pa,  Sf^ii-ba,  skyabs 

byed-pa. 
Protection  skyabs. 
Protector  skyabs-mgon;  mgo-skyoh,  mgo- 

^dren,  mgon-po;  —  of  religion  cos-skyoh  31. 
Proud  Ueiis-pa,  grags-han,  rgyags-pa,  dregs- 
pa;  to  he  —  snyems-pa. 
Proverb  Ua-dpe. 

Provide  sbyor-ba,  yod-par  byed-pa. 
Provided  with  (having,  possessing)  caii 

138,  Idan-pa  290. 
Province  ka^,  Kul,  sde,  sde-sHd;  yul-gyi 

kyad-par. 
Provincialism  groh-fsig. 
Provisions  rgyags\  srog-rdzds,  resp.  bsos\ 

store  of  —  ytad-so. 
Provoke  nyams  J>ru-ba,  Jsafi  Jrru-ba. 
Provost  dge-bskos. 
Prudent  mHas-pa,  gtmn-ba^  rgod-pa,  sgn/i- 

po. 
Prune  vb.  ^i^m-pa. 
Ptarmigan  go/t-rno. 
Public  s.  yul-pa-mams  513. 
Publication  okar-btags-pa ,  bka  bkod-pa^ 

gram-yig. 
Publicly  mnon-sum-du. 
Publish  bkar- ^dogs-pa,  sgyur-ba,  sgrog-pa. 
Puddle  s.  hi-Jhfil. 
Puff  s.  ^ostentation)  yus  513. 
P  u  f  f  -  b  a  1 1  Igo,  pa-ba-dgo-dgd. 
Pull  vb.  a.  ^drenpa,  Jen-pa\  to  —  along 

^drud-pa\  to  —  down  snyil-ba,  rtib-pa, 

^dral-ba\  to  —  off  m-ba\  to  -  out  Jryin- 

Pdyj^og-pa. 
Pulpit  dos-/cri. 
Pumpkin  gon,  can. 
Pungency  ber. 

Pungent  ber-can,  risub-po,  fsa-ba,  fsan-te. 
Punish  ^un-pa,  cad-pas  ycod-pa  155. 
Punishment  cad-pa,  Ural,  ga-sir  Ld., god, 

dgra,  Ian  543. 
Pupil  (scholar)  m/can-bu;  slob -ma,  slob- 

prug,  slob-bans,  bu-slob. 
Puppy  Icyi-gu. 
Purchase  vb.  nyo-ba. 
Pure  dan-ba,  yfsan-ba,  fsans-pa-,    lag-mo 

W.\  ysalrba,  dga-m>o,  Ihad-mkl. 
Purgative  s.  bsal-sman. 
Purge  vb.  bhal-ba. 
Purity  ytsa/i-ba. 

Purpose  s.  dgos-pa,  don-,  on  —  brtson-par. 
Purpose  vb.  dgoiis-pa,  sems-pa. 
Purposely  ced-du. 
Purr  vb.  n.  iiug-pa,  v.  ma-ni. 
Purse  s.  sgyiu,  sgyig-gu,  sgye-mo. 
Pursue  r non-pa,  snyegs-pa,  ^ded-pa. 
Pus  (matter)  cu-mag,imag,  hi-ser. 
Push  vb.  a.  rdegs-pa,  ^pul-ba,  sug-pa. 
Pustule  Jbrum-pa. 


652 


Put  —  Realm 


Put  vb.  a.  bkan-pa^  ^od-pa,  ^ug-pa^  Jog- 
pa,  Jxyi^'ha  W,\  to  —  astride  (e.g.  in  em- 
paling) skyon-pa'^  to  —  down  grems-pa, 
^grol-ba,  sgyeUba^  o^og-pa',  to  —  in  or  into 
sgyon-ba^  hid-pa,  ^ug-pa,  teg-pa^  Jizud- 


pa;  to  —  in  order  sgrig-pa'^  to  —  off  bud- 
pa^  b^ol'ba;  to  —  on  ^ebs~pa^  gon-fck 
resp.  ysol'ba;  to  —  together  snol^cu 

Putrid  rul'ba. 

Putty  s.  bag-sbyin  364. 


Q 


Quadrangle  dkyil-Jcor  gm-bzirpa. 

Quadrate  s.  /ca-gd/i;  adj.  Ua-gan-ba, 

Quadruped  rkan-bzi-pa. 

Quail  s.  big-bi'lig  W. 

Quality  cos-nyid;  good  —  yon-tan  516. 

Quarrel  s.  Ka-mhi^  ^dzin-mo^    hab-ha^ 

rUod-pa, 
Quarrel  vb.  ^Krug~pa^  rgoUba,  ^an-pa-, 

quarreling  words  ^ran-fsig. 
Quarrelsome,  —  temper  ^an-sems. 
Quarter  of  the  heavens  ^o^s  352 
Quarters  ynas^  y 
Quartz  lag-dkdv. 


Quarters  yna^^  ynas-fsah  (7.,  bran-sa  W. 


ispyo 

h     C,y      I 


Queen  rgyal-7no\  —  consort  btsun-nw 

(rgyal-^oi). 
Question  s.  dii-^ay  iu^Jba. 
Queue  (pigtail)  Ican-lo  6'.,  tu-ti  Ld. 

:     ^^^  K  x 


Quick  adj.  mgyogs-pa^  myur-ha^  skyen-jHi, 
Uram-pa',  be  — !  ^rih-pa  ton^  W, 

Quickly  mgyogs-par;  myur-du. 

Quicksand  "be-iml*  W, 

Quicksilver  dnuUhi. 

Quiet  adj.  daUba^  gya-nna-gyu ^  srwfi-po; 
to  become  —  ^i-ia. 

Quill  rkah. 

Quilt  s.  fsa-^Hg-ma  C, 

Quintessence  no-bo-nyid^  bendy  snyin-po. 

Quit  vb.  a.  Jbor-ba  3%,  ^og-pa  179,  s^iir- 
ba  28;  ^e-ba,  yton-ia. 

Quite  ye,  ye-naSy  yonssu;  Idin-se  Ld, 

Quittance  ^prod-^dzin. 

Quiver  s.  rnda-ddn. 

Quiver  vb.  n.  ^dar-ba. 

Quotient  fob-n&i'. 


R 


Race  s.  (generation)  mi'sndy  robs. 

Race  s.  (contest  in  running)  ban  364;  to 

run  a  —  dkyu-ba.   />,    '*  ,,.       -.     r  ^r  Wr 
Radish  la-pug,  gun-la-pug,    ^  ,, 
Rafter  Idam,  gral-ma. 
Rag  hrul'ba. 
Rage  vb.  n.  rnam-pa. 
Ragged  adj.  ^ad-po,  hf^ul-po. 
Rail  s.  lag-rgyugs  541. 
Rain  s.  car,  car-pa;  —  cloak  'Sar-Kebs;  — 

water  iar-hi. 
Rain  vb.n.  car  Jbab-pa,  it  rains  carJbabW, 
Rainbow  ^^a,  ^a-fsov. 
Rainy  car-can;  —  season  ^ar-dus. 
Raise  sgren-ba^  ^don-pa,  ker-ba,  ^pyar-bay 

^dzugs-pa^  bzen-bay  sen-ba^  slon-ba. 
Raisin  rgun-rgod,  rmin-Jyrum. 
Rakes,  (gardening)  Ka-yz^  W.,  rgya-yz^b  C\ 
Ram  s.  lug-fug. 

Ramble  vb.  Jiyam-pa^  J(xyr-ba  W. 
Rampart  Jior-yug. 
Range  s.  (row)  gral^rim-pa;  —  of  vision 

mfoTi-Ji'or^  mfon-vifa. 
Range  vb.  n.  rgyu-ba,  ^rim-pa. 
Rank  s.  ^o,  go-pan,  gosdy  go-grdl, go-grds^ 

rigs, 
Kansom  s.  alud,  blud,  glud-tsab\  blud-pa\ 

vb.  a.  blu-oa. 


Rare  dkon-pa. 
Rash  adj.  yid-fun  570. 
*i Rashness  bab-bolyyzu-lum. 
Rasp  s.  sa-bdar,  sag-yddr  C;  Hn-z6g  W., 

Hn-aM  W, 
Rasp  vb.  a.  bdar-bay  sag^ydar  rgyag-pa  C\ 
Raspberry  fser-lum  Stk y  la-ma-srd  Kun. 
Rat  s.  byi'bay  sa-bi-lig  W. 
Rather  ^a-lam\  v.  Wa  382. 
Ration  zasskdl. 

Raven  Afa-to,  bya-rdg,  po^dgy  bya-ndg. 
Ravine  grog-po,  ron,  std. 
Raw  ryen-pa, 
Ray  s.  yzer,  ^od-yzer. 
Razor  spu-gri. 
Reach  vb.  a.  y tug-pa,  fug-pa,  srin-ba;  to 

~  down  smad-pa. 
Reach  of  hearing  rgyan-grdgz. 
Read  vb.  klog-pa,  sgrog-puy  *sil-c^  W, 
Reading-desk  ^os-lcri. 
Ready  pral-grig  359;  to  be  made  —  grttb- 

pa,  \'grub'pa\  — -  money  ma^s^  smar-ba, 

smar-rkydn. 
Real  nes-pa-iianydnoSydnos-ban;  no-^rtdgW, 
Reality  diios\  yan-dag-pa^mfid  2^\  ynas- 

fsul  449. 
Really  nes-pa-^an-di^;  (bodily)  d«as-8«  131. 
Realm  flams\  rgyal-Zcams  106. 


aisr 


^■^-/      0^tx^^>w.^V  ^^(^ 


Reap  —  Requisite 


653 


Reap  rha-ha. 
Reaper  zin-mlcan. 
Reaping-hook  zor-ba^  rgya'Z&i\ 
Rear  vb.  (bring  up)  srel-oa^  yso-ba. 
Reason  s.  (intellect)  bio,  blo-ffrds-^  (cause) 

rgyu. 
Reasonable  fswZ-wfwn  450. 
Rebel  vb.  no -log  bued-pa  563,  ^gyab-log 

Rebel  s.  no-loff-mHan. 

Re -born,  to  be  —  skye-ba  28. 

Rebound  vb.  n.  ^par-ba. 

Rebuke  s.  bka-bkyon^  brg\jad-hdg\  vb.  a. 

brgyad'kag  byed-pa. 
Receipt  ^pi^od-jdzin^  zin-bns. 
Receive  len-pa,  resp.  bzes-pa*  fob-pa;  rjes- 

su  ^dzin-va. 
Receptacle  rten  no.  2,  213. 
Recite  skym^-ba,  sgrog-pa. 
Reckon  (count)  rtsi-ba. 
Recline  bkyedrpa^  snye-ba. 
Recommend  anag-pa;  stod-pa. 
Recommendation,    letter  of  —   mfun- 

offy^r-gyi  yi-ge. 
Recompense  s.  r nan-pa,  ynan-sbyin^  bya- 

dga. 
Recompense  vb.  a.  brnan-pa. 
Reconcile  vb.  a.  sdum-pa;  to  —  one's  self 

ko-tdg  ytod-pa. 
Record  vb.  ^od-pa  no. 5,  95. 
Records  s.  deb-f^^  y^f-ca. 
Recover  vb  n.  fso-ba^pyir  lan-ba. 
Recreation  skyo-adns;  yyen8^aW.\  to  take 

—  rtBe-ba\  skyo-sans-la  ^ro-ba,  resp. 

byon-pa. 
Rector  ^go-dpdn  C\ 

Red  dmar-po,  dmar-ba;  light  —  dkar-dmar. 
Redeem  ^^grol-ba^  blti-ba. 
Redeemer  skyabs-mgon. 
Redemption  blud-'oa. 
Reduce  (the  wages)  y cod-pa. 
Reed  ^dam-bu\,  —  pen  snyug-gu,  mnyi-gu, 

*di-nyug*  W, 
Reel  vb.  n.  ^/^yom-pa,  Jhjar-ba. 
Reflection  (consideration)  sgoin^  rtog-pa. 
Refuge  skyabs-ynas. 
Refuse  s.  gal-rd. 
Refuse  vb.  ^doi'-ba,  mi ynan-ba. 
Regard  vb.  ei.yztg8-pa;  to  —  as  dgons-pa; 

as  regards  dban-du  byas-na^  -la  540. 
Regard  s.,  to  have  —  to  Ita-ba  I,  no.  3,216. 
Regardful  yian-vo. 
Regent  rgyal  fsdo  109;  sde-srid,  sM. 
Region  k'ams,  glin,  IjonSy  sa-py6gs^  yul- 

pydgs. 
Register  s.  dkar-cdg;  fo. 
Regular  fsul-dan. 
Reign  s.  rgyal-»rid. 
Reinforcements  dmag-fsdgs  snon-ma. 


Reins  (of  a  bridle)  srab-skydgs^  srab-mdd. 

Reins  (kidneys)  mlial-ma. 

Reject  spon-ba. 

Rejoice  vbn  dga-ba^  resp.dgyes-pa;mgu- 

ba,  tyes-su  yi-ran-ba  182. 
Relate  vb.  a.  skad-pa^  ^Sad-pa,  sny ad-pa. 
Relation  (kindred)  brgyud;  nye-du^  nye- 

hril\  (reference)  rgyvd. 
Relative  s  (kinsman)  nyen,  ynyen^  ynyen- 


Relax  vb.  a.  glod-pa. 

Release  vb.  a.  ^ol-ba;  to  be  released 

Mrol-ba. 
Release  s.  blvd-pa^  far-du  Jug-pa, 
Relic  rin-bsrel  529. 
Religion  ?os,  cos-lugs. 
Religious  ^os-kyi;  cos-la  dga-ba\  krel-can 

W, 
Religiously,  to  live  —  cos  byed-pa. 
Reluctantly  nain-hugs  Sch, 
Rely  rten-pa. 

Remain  Jdug-pa,  biugs-pa^  lus-pa. 
Remainder  lus-niay  Ihag-ma, 
Remains  (dead  body)  ro. 
Remedy  s.  ynyen^  rdzaSy  yso-by^d. 
Remember  dgom-pa^  dran-pa^  lyes-su 

dran-pa;  yid-la  byed-pa;  nes-pa  128. 
Remind  yvdskul-ba. 
Remove  vb.  ^ol-ba,  sgrol-ba;  Jbyin-pa^ 

sbyon-ba. 
Rend  ybod-pa,  ^dral-ba^  y^^g-p^-^  hral-ba. 
Renounce  spon-ba. 
Renown  grags-pa^  snyan-pa. 
Renowned  grags-pa-ban^ grags-can,  sgra- 

cl 
Rent  adj.  cad-po;  to  be  —  ^as-pa. 
Rent  s.  (fissure)  ral;  (house-rent)  Han-gla, 
Repair  vb.  a.  yso-ba. 
Repay  J al-ba^  y sob-pa. 
Repeat  skym'-ba,  sgi^e-ba,  sttcd-pa^  Idab-pa, 
Repent  ^gyod-pa. 
Repentance  ^od pa. 
Repertory  fob-yig. 
Reply  s.  Ixa-ldn,  lan\  vb.  Ian  ^debs-pa, 

glon-pa. 
Report  s.  (of  a gun)s^;i;(rumour)*(s)/o6- 
fo♦  W, 
Representative  s    fsab-po. 
Reprimand  s.  bka-bkydn. 
Reproach  vb.  a.  to  ^dri-ba.^   sviad-pa, 

smad-ra  yton-ba. 
Reproach  s.  brgyad-h'dg;  smad-pa. 
Reproduce  skyed-pa. 
Reproof  smad-pa. 
Repulse  vb.  zlog-pa. 
Reputation  grags-pa. 
Request  s.  hi-ba^  ysol-ba;  vb.  hi-ba. 
Require  bzed-pa  ^^A. 
Requisite  s.  cos  156;  requisites  rcfea«468. 


0  Y^^*^' 


K 


/Vw?_ 


\^ 


tX  CA^     06 


654 


Requital  —  Roll 


Requital  Ua-ldn ;  Jbras-hu, 

Rescue  vb.  a.  sgrol-ba^  skyob-pa^  shyabs 
byed-pa^  far-bar  byed-pa. 

Resentment  Uon-^a, 

Reserved  adj.  gya-ma-gyu  73. 

Reside  hhugs-pa. 

Residence  Uab^  rgyaUsa ;  yzi-ma. 

Residue  ro. 

Residuum  fsigs-ma. 

Resign  Uo-tdg ycod-pa. 

Resin  fan-cu. 

Resist  rgol'ba. 

Resolute  h-na  fun-se  W, 

Resolve  vb.n.  (decide)  bgro-ba^  fag-y tod- 
pa. 

Resound  Jcrol-ba. 

Respect  s.  bkur-ba^  bkur-sti;  sku-rim^gus- 

pa;  fju-diidy  sri-zu;  to  pay  one's  respects 

Tye-sa  or  ie-sa  byed-pa ;  best  respects !  hi 

W,  476;  in  every  —  mam-pa  kun-tu;  with 

—  to  Za  540. 

Respect  vb.  a.  rtsis  byed-pa. 

Respectable  btsun-pa. 

Respectful  gtis-pa. 

Respiration  dmtgs. 

Respire  dbuaa  rnvh-pa  dan  Jbyin-pa. 

Responsibility  Uag. 

Rest  s.  fremainaer)  mfa,  Itcs-ma,  Ihag-ma. 

Rest  s.  (repose)  sti-ba\  vb.  sti-ba;  rtal  yso- 
ba  127. 

Resting-place  lam-stigs. 

Restless  ^dibg  mi  fsugs-pa  459. 

Restore  yso-ba. 

Restrain  ^dul-ba\  Aun-pa\  to  be  restrain- 
ed dog-par  ^^gyur-oa. 

Restrict  vb.  *skar-tdg  tan-de*  W. 

Retain  skyil-ba,  o9^9S'pa  94,  sgyon-ba  119. 

Retaliation  mam(-par)  smin(-pa);  Ian 
543. 

Retinue  ^Afor,  Jior-yyog^  Jcor-^dab\  zabs- 
pyiy  slas. 

Retribution  J)ra8-bu4O0^  la-yogs  Mi;  Ian; 
doctrine  of  —  bgo-skdl  89. 

Return  vb.  a.  Ian  byed-pa^  Ian  Jal-ba;  to 

—  an  answer  crfow-pa ;  vb.n.  Jtor-ba^  log- 
pa^  jh/ir  ^O'ba. 

Revenge  s.  dugs^  Ian;  to  take  —  *dug*  or 
^lan  kor-b^  W, 

Revere  mos-pa. 

Reverence  sku-rim,  gus-pa^  bmyen-bkur^ 
bag-yod(-pa\  ze-sa. 

Reverend  (title)  rje-btsun^  btsun-pa,  dhi- 
rji. 

Reverse  s  (sideopposite)r^ai-Zo^s; (con- 
trary) zlas-pye-ba;  bzlog,  go-ldog^  yo-ldg. 

Revile  vb.  a.  smad-pa,  yhe-ba. 

Revise  vb.  a.  sgyur-ba^  Ita-ba. 

Revision -^aZ-to  473. 

Revolt  vb.  gyab-ldg  byed-pa,  no-ldg  byed- 
pa. 


Revolver  *ran-bar  dug-rdg*  W.  523. 
Reward  s.  rnan-pa^  stcg;  vb.  rnan-pa. 
Rheumatism  gruni-bu^  grum-mdd;  grum- 

pa  W.^  *zer-nf*  C. 
Rhododendron  ba-lu^  da-li. 
Rhubarb  cu-cu,  la-cu.      v  ^-  ^     C 
Rhyming  adj.  zun-lddn. 
Rib  rtsib(8)-ma. 

Ribbon  ^cin-ba,  leb-ma.  ^c^'-^i  -  ^ 
Rice  ^bras;  boiled  —  Jyras-cdn;  parched  - 

Jbras-yos. 
Rich  adj.  pyicg-po;  —  in  rgyas-pa^  jdzom- 

po. 
Riches  s.  dkor^  nor,  dbyig(s)y  Jbyor-pa. 
Rick  ptib-rags. 
Riddle  s.  (enigma)  Idem-po. 
Ride   vb.  (on  horseback)  Ha -la  zon-U 

^ro-ba;  (in  a  carriage)  Hn-ta-la  zon-ie 

jgro-ba. 
Riding- beast  bzon-pa. 
Right  adj.  (right-hand)   yyas^pa;  (not 

wrong)  dran-po,  ^os^pa;  all  right!  ftaif- 

grtg;  -—  measure  cag-tsad;  to  be  —  o^^ 

pa^  ran-pa. 
Right  s.  icrims  50. 
Righteous  ios-dran-po. 
Rira  Uyud-mo. 
Rind  kog-pa.     •       *     ' 
Ring's,  'a-ldn;  —  dove  ku-hu;  —  worm  £?. 
Ring  vb.  a.  (a  bell  etc.)  JiroUba. 
Rinse  bhal-ba. 
Ripe  adj.  smin-pa. 
Rise  vb.n.  (to  get  up)  Idan-ba^  lan-ba^  har 

or  ker-lan-ba,  resp.  b^^iis-pa;  (as  the  sun) 

Jcar-ba;  (in  the  air)  opag-pa;  (to  come 

forth)  Jbur-ba,  Jyyun-ba. 
Risk  s.  nyen.^  bar-%od. 
Risk  vb.a.  skyel-ba,  sdo-ba^  blos-yfoti-ba^Sb. 
Rival  s.  ^ran-zla. 
River  J^,  Jbab-cu^  cu-klttn,  ?m-6o,  ytsan- 

po  433.      . 
Rivet  8.  Jbrel-mfsams. 
Rivulet  cu-pran. 
Road  tern,  std^  sul-ldm,  ^ro-sa;  —  book 

lam^yig. 
Roam  Jco7*-ba^  oK/^'^^  off^^'^'P^^  yar-ba. 
Roar  vb.  n.  J^rog-pa^  nu-oa,  Idir-ba.^  na-ro 

sgrog-pa. 
Roar,  Koaring  s.  /m-ro,  nar-skad^^wr4S^. 
Roast  vb.  a.  riiod-pa^  sreg-paj^ 
Roast-flour  rtsam-pa. 
Rob  rku-ba,  oprog-pa,  *kog-te  Myer-t^  W. 
Robber  mi-s^. 
Robbery  ^oms^  bbom-pa. 
Rock  s.  brag;  —  salt  rdo-tswa. 
Rock  \h.n,  Jiyom-pa,  dpyan-ba;  vb.a. 

dpyan-la  yton-ba  328. 
Rod  Ua^y  Ihia-mu,  dbyug-gu. 
Roll  s.  gril^  Jkor-lo;  paper  —  sog-sgril,  sog- 

HI  W. 


r\  < 


^•v\ 


'.o 


/W  ^^ 


r^o 


r 


Roll  —  Save 


655 


Roll  vb.  a.  sgriUba^  sgre-ba;  to  —  one's  self 
^k^ri'ba^  ^re-ba;  vb.  n.  Idir-ba;  the  roll- 
ing of  thunder  Idi-ri-ri. 

Roof  s.  fog. 

Room  s.  (apartment)  Han-pa,  Han-bu,  Uah- 
mig,  nan-mig  C.  W,]  (space)  gu,  go\  to 
find  —  V.  ^rO'ba^  hon-ba. 

Root  s.  ba-iagW.'^  rtsa-ba,  rtsad. 

Root  up  vb.  a.  rtsad-nas  ybod-pa. 

Rope  sgrogs^  faa  pa. 

Rosary  ^preh-oa. 

Rose  se-bay  yse-ba,  bse-ba. 

Rose-coloured  dkar-rgyd. 

Rot  vb.  n.  ^drul'ba,  rul-ba. 

Rouge  skeg-fsos. 

Rough  gyon-po.,  rtsub-pOj  rags-pa,  rtdh-ba. 

Roughness  /md  126. 

Round  adj.  kor-k&)'\  kyir-kyir  VT.;  gar-mo^ 
sgor-mo\  zlum-pa;  ril-ba;  to  make  — 
sgon-ba]  to  be  made  —  ^gril-ba. 

Round  about  tidw,  kun-nas,  pyo^s  bitr. 

Round  s.,  the  —  of  transmigration  ^Icm'- 
babS. 

Rouse  dkrog-pa;  *han  skul-be^W,  23. 

Rove  ^Hm-pa^  rgyu-ba. 

Row  vb.  skya  rgyab-pa. 

Row  s.  (series)  gral,  nm-pa. 

Row  s.  (fray)  Jab-mo^  ^dzih-mo. 

Royal  rgyal-poi;  —  family  rgyaMgs;  — 
residence  rgyal-sa. 

Rub  vb.  bdar-ba^  jdrvd-pa. 


Rubbish  gal-^'d,  rdo-ro,  sa-rd  W. 

Ruby  pad-ma-ra-ga. 

Rudder  skya-mjug. 

Rude  Jx.ob\  rtsih-ba\  gyofi-po.,  very  —  Ua- 

gyon-^e. 
Rugged  ytsan-ytson.,  rtsub^o. 
Ruin  vb.  a.  ^^gud-pa\  to  be  ruined  ^ig-pO" 
Ruinous  gog-po. 

Ruins  s.,  a  house  in  —  Uan-^ruly  Uan-gog. 
Rule  s.  (regulation)  Urivis  51;  (special  di- 
rection) spyad-mfsdms  456. 
Rule  vb. a.  ^god-pay  dban  sgyur-ba  or  byed- 

pa. 
Ruler  (governor)  mha-bdag ;  dhah-po ;  srid ; 

(instrument)  fig-sin. 
Rumination  (che  wing  the  cud)  skyug-lddd. 
Rumour  s.  gt^ag-pa^  ytam^  bsod-pa;*zer- 

ke'*  C;  fsor-lo  W. 
Rump  by  ail-Hog. 
Run  vb.  rgyug-pa^  Jcor-ba\  to  —  about 

Jlyam-pa\  to  —  (flow)  off  rdoWa;  to  — 

a  race  dkyu-ba. 
Rupee  dnul\  kyir-mo  Ld ,  gir-mo  68,  gor- 

mo  W.\  Tibetan  —  *co''-tdn*  C.  145- 
Rupture  iag-idd. 
Rush  s.  (reed)  snyug-ma. 
Rush  vb.  Jcrog-pa^  rgyug-pa. 
Russia  rgya-sh*. 
Russian  s.  rgya-ser-pa. 

Rust  s.  btsa,  yya,  Ibags-yya.  5j**^'^  JA'*'  *  ^'  ^-^^^K^ 
Rut  (track)  mal^  suL        .^,  ;, 


U^: 


:  tv  ^v 


Sable  s.  bka-blon  sram  W.,  brag-sram  W. 

Sack  s.  pad. 

Sacrament  dam-bca^bO- 

Sacred  dag-pa. 

Sacrifice  vb.  a.  rn^od-pa  166. 

Sacrificial,  —  ceremony  sku-Hm'2Q\  — 

feast  m^od-ston. 
Saddle  s.  sga^  rta-sga\  —  cloth  ka-Uy  sga- 


;  -  girth  glx) 
Saddle  vb.  a.  sga  bstad-pa^  resp.  cibs-sga 

bstad-pa. 
Safe  adj.  brtan-pa,  btsan-po. 
Saffron  gur-kvm;  Ha-ce-skyes  36 
Saiga-antelope  rgya-ra- 
Sail  s.  daVy  yyoi^mo. 
Sail  vb.  gru-la  zon-te  lam-du  ^gro-ba;  v. 

also  rgal-ba  103. 
Saint  grub'tob  78;  skyes-bu  dam-pa  31; 

rmal-^byor-pa  315- 
Sake,  for  the  ~  oipyir  351. 
Sal  ammoniac  rgya-fsd ;  fsa-tse  C. 
Salary  pogs. 

Salt  s.  fsioa,  lan-fs7va;  vb.a.  fswa  ^debs-pa. 
Saltpetre  ze-fswa,  so-ra. 


>  Sc.!'-.-    '['-'f  ■■■■' 

Salutation  pyag. 

Salute  vb.a.  jjyag  Jsal-ba^  Jml-ba  or 

byed-pa.     t^rx^v.  d^  ^  ' 
Same  adj.  nvid;  at  me  —  time  yHg-bar\  of 

the  —  Kind  ydig-pa.,  ybig-ycig  W.\  one 

and  the  —  ycig\  the  very  —  de-Ko-nay  cfe- 

ka\  de  rariy  de-ka  ran. 
Sample  bkod-pa. 
Sanctuary  miSod-ynas. 
Sand  bye-ma. 
Sandal- tree  tsan-dan. 
Sanskrit  nd-aa-ri. 
Sap  s.  bdud,  Ku-ba. 
Satiate  ^gran-ba. 
Satisfaction  skah-yso. 
Satisfied  fsim-pa. 

S  a t  i  s  f y  vb.  a.  V.  gran-ba  98 ;  v.  nom-pa  130. 
Saturday.  Saturn  yza-spen-pa. 
Sauce  skyU'  rum^  spags. 
Sausage  sgyu-ma. 
Save  vb.a.  (deliver)  skyabs  byed-pa,  skyon- 

ba,  sgrol-bay  skyob-pa,  ^pans-pay  srun-ba; 

(lay  up)  sri-ba  581, pan-ba'MO\  to  be  — d 

far-ba  230. 


656 


Saviour  —  Set 


Saviour  skyabs-^mgon  26;  srog-skydb  W. 

Savour  s.  oro-ba. 

Saws.  sog-leC.^  cad-  or  rgya^sdgW,]  vb.  a. 

*cad'8og  ^rul-ce*  W, 
Say  sao-ba,  resp.  mol-ba  W.;  smra-ba^  zer- 

ba^  osad'pa.hTesp.  ymii'ba;  bka-rtsol-^a; 

he  says,  he  said  na-re  300;  to  —  nothing 

of  (let  alone)  Ita  H  smos. 
Scale  s.  (of  a  fish)  Icrab;  (of  a  balance)  /cu- 

le;  (for  measuring)  skar  -  fsdd'^  pair  of 

scales  sraif. 
Scale  off  vb.  n.  gog-pa. 
Scar  s.  rmai  rjes^  or  sid^  or  mal. 
Scarce  adj.  dkon-pa. 
Scarf  ska-i'ags ;  —  of  salutation  Ka-btugs  37. 
Scatter  vb.  a.  ^ems-pa^  ytor-ba'^  to  be 

scattered  Jor-ba. 
Scene  gron'Uyh\  Itad-mo^  v.  glen-yzL 
Scenery  snan-fsuL 
Scent  8.  (odour)  wad,  dn-bsun. 
Scholar  (pupil)  gnva-pa,  slob -ma  ^  slob- 

bans^   stob-prug^   Kria-prug^  7nk'an-bu^ 

rayud-pa;  (man  of  letters)  mk^as-po. 
School  s.grwa,  slob-grwdy  cos-gra;  —  boy 

gmca'pituf'^  —  house  ^rw?a-Aaw;'^  master 

gt*2ca-dpdn'y  —  room  bsad-gt'wd;  —  table 

cos-Uri,       '/ 
Science  rig-pa\  sciences  ytstcg-ldg. 
Scientific,  —  "work  bstan-bdos. 
Scissors  can-pa  156,  bem-tse  C,  gnm-tse 

Sik. 
Sclerotic  of  the  eye  gans. 
Scold  vb.  bka-bkyon-pttj  spyo-ba. 
Scoop  s.  skyogs;  vb.  a.  Jcu-ba, 
Scope  ^O'Sa,  spyod-yuL 
Scorn  vb.  fo-Jsam-pa. 
Scrap  cag-dum. 

Scrape  vb.  Jbrad-pa^  ^dr ad-pa,    , 
Scratch  vb.  spar-rtios  Jkrad-pa,  v.v^      ^  ^ 
Scream  \h.  sgrog-pa,   ■ 
Screaming  s.  skad-ndUy  skad-ldg.  f  r^    ^ 
Screw  s.  ybu-ba. 
Scripture, Holy  scripture, ysun-rdb,  ysun- 

mcog. 
Scrotum  rlig-bu,  rlig-subs. 
Scruple  s.  rtogpa^  mam-rtdg. 
Scullion  ma-yydg,  fab-yydg. 
Sculpture  brkos-ma. 
Sea  rgya-mfso'^  —  captain  ded'dpon\  — 

monster  cu-sHn. 
Seal  s.  (stamp)  rgya^  resp. pyag-rgyd;  fe- 

mo,  col.  fe-tse;  dam-Ua^  resp.  pyag-ddm; 

vb.  a.  dam-Ua  brayab-pa. 
Sealing-wax  la-ca. 
Seam  s.  mfa-rna^  sne-mo^  fseni^-po). 
Search  vb.  JsoUba^  yzig-pa\  to  — into  sar- 

or  fsar-ybod-pa. 
Season  dm  255,  *na7n-day  nam-la*  304. 
Seat  s.  /W,  rten^  yzi-ma  480. 
Seclusion  dben-pa,  dben-ynas  dSd* 


Secrecy  Ikog, 

Secret  s.  and  adj.  ysan-ba. 

Secretary  yig-in(ran;  bka-drun  C\ 

Sect  ^os'lugs^  lugs. 

Section  Hag^  skabs,  skor,  mam  -pa,  bam- 

po^  dbye-ba\  yan-lag,  * 

Sedan-chair  Jhjogs,  Uyogs-dpyan,  pdh 

dpi/an  C  \o    .' 
Sediment  'snyigs-pa^  &igs-fna^  ro. 
Seduce  rnod-pa,  slu-ba. 
Seducer  mi-aaei  bses-nyen. 
See  vb.  mfon-oa,  resp.  yztgs-pa;  to  be  seen 

snan-  ba. 
Seed  s.  sa-bon. 
Seek  Jsol-ba. 
Seize  Jug-pa,  ^fam-pa,  Jogs-pa,  ^dzin-pa^ 

len-pa,  resp.  bzes-pa. 
Seizure  ^dzin. 
Select  vb.  ^dam-pa,  Jwed-pa, 
Self  no  129,  nos,  nyid,  odag,  ran,  I  myself 

ned-rah  128,  na-rah  522;  —  dependant 

ran-dban. 
Selfish  dnos-^dzin  ban-,  to  be—  nosjdzm- 

pa. 
Selfishness  dhos-^dzin,  ?'an-^cUkL 
Sell  Json-ba',  to  be  sold  ^ag pa,  ^grim- 
pa  W, 
Send  skur-ba,  Jcal-ba,  mnag-pa,  yUm-ha, 

rdzon-ba,  zlog-pa;  to  —  for  offugs-pa;  to 

—  forth  Jbyin-pa;  to  —  word  sprin-ba. 
Senior  (elder)  rgad-po. 
Sense  s.  (intellectual  power)  blo-grdsd^ 

dban-po  387;  (meaning)  dgons-pa  87,  don 

258. 
Sensible  fsul-mfun. 
Sentence  kal-cS;  to  pass  —  zal-ce  ycod- 

pa;  fag-cod-pa  byed-pa. 
Sentiment  bto  384;  false  —  Ita-log  217. 
Sentinel  mel-fse,  bya-ra. 
Separate  vb.  a.  dgar-ba;  vb.  n.  ^l-ba, 

^gye-ba,  ^pral-ba;  so-sd  byed-pa;  to  be 

separated  Jbral-ba. 
Separate  adj.  sgos;  so-so. 
Separation  gtid  Gd- 
Sepulchre  ban-so. 
Series  gral,  gras,  nm-pa. 
Serpent  sbrul;  —  demon  klu  8. 
Serrated  bon-bon. 
Serum  cw-ser. 
Servant  yyog-po,  yyog-mo;  Uol-po,  Kol-moi 

brdn-po,  bran-mo;  bran-Udl;  m%-ldg;zab^ 

pyi,  mhag-yhig;  your  servant!  da  cm  hi 

W.  152. 
Ser V e  vb.  zal-ta  byed-pa;  to  —  op  Jiren-pa, 
Service  iabs-fdg  472;  at  your  —  'oii-U, 

'a  W. 
Sesame  til;  —  oil  til-mdr. 
Set  vb.  a.  to  —  about  rtsom-pa,  cas-pa;  to 
2X  pyo^yyo;  to  —  forth  rjod-pa;  to  — 

in  order  ^od-^a,  ytan-la  ^bibs-pa;  vb.  n. 


sr 


^vjr»  t 


/a^- 


Settle  —  Simultaneously 


657 


to  —  (of  the  sun)  nub-pa^  skyod-pa  W.; 

to  —  out  (depart)  ^as-pa. 
Settle  vb.  a.,  to  —  a  business  go  iSod-pa; 

vb.  n.  JtsugS'pa  469. 
Settled  adj.  (decided)  zad'pa\  (at  an  end) 

zin-pa^  rdzogS'pa, 
Settlement  (colony)  baba-sa. 
Seven  num.  bdun ;  seventh  bdun^a ;  seven- 
teen bdu'bdun;  seventeenth  bhc-bdun-pa; 

seventy  bdun-ht;  seventieth  bdun-ht-pa. 
Several  /la-dig^  ^a,  mi-^dra-ba. 
Severe  ynyan-pa^  drag-pa. 
Severity  nad  W. 
Sew  Jsem-pa, 
Sex  rten  no.  4,  218. 
Sexual  rterir^. 
Shackle  s.  Icaga^  Idagssgrog, 
Shade  s.  grib,    :^s<o  So  .  C  . 
Shadow  s,  grib-ma. 
Shake  vb.  a.  skyod-pa^  skyom-pay  sgul-ba^ 

sprug-pa ;  vb.  n.  ^Uba^  Icogs^pa. 
Sham,  to  perform  a  —  work  bdos-su  byed- 

pa. 
Shame  s.  Hrel^  no-fsa^  bag-yod^-pa)  364, 

zabs'^drin  472 ;  it  is  a  — !  Urel-ba  yod  W. 

Cpel-wa  yo^). 
Shamefaced  no-fsa-can. 
Shameless  Krel-m^d;  vO'fsa-Tned^a,      ,   < 
Shape  s.  dbyibs,  yzugSy  ^as,  bkod-pa.  if<'  * 
Share  vb.  bgodr-pa\  s.  bgo-skaly  skal-ba'^  ?a, 

ia-sds. 
Sharer  go-Man  W, 
Sharp  adj.  (not blunt)  mo-ba^  (to  the  taste) 

^a-ba^  ber-dan. 
Sharpness  (of  an  edge)  Ma  IV,  no. 6,  86. 
Sharpsightedness  mig-sdl  W, 
ShsiYe  ^breg-pa^b^ar-ba. 
Shawl  do-ha-ld.     \<\k  ' 

She  pron.  fe,  Uon  41,  de  266. 
Sheaf  lag-kdd. 
Shears  v.  cart-pa  166. 
Sheath  s.  hibs. 

Shed  s.  (slight  building)  bkad-sa  12- 
Shed  vb.a.  Idug-pa,  blug-pa;  (tears) bsil-ba. 
Sheep  lug;  flock  of—  big-Myu;  —  fold  lug- 

rd, 
S  h  e  e  t  of  paper  gre-ga  C,  ^og-bu ;  ^og-gdn  W. 
Shelf  slan-Ma. 
Shells,  (husk)  kog-pa,  gan-bu^  Igan-bu; 

(mollusk)  dun  268,  ^gron-bu  102;  vb.  a. 

bgrud-pa. 
Shell-lac  rgya-sky^gs. 
Shelter  s.  skyibs-,  skyabs-ynds ;  yyam;  (Sar- 

skytbs. 
Shepherd  hcg-pa. 
Shield  s.  pa-liy  pub. 
Shift  vb.  n.  ^po-ba. 
Shine  vb.  n.  car-ba,  ^fser-ba,  snan-ba;  s. 

^od. 


Shining  (bright)  bem-me-ba^  ItaTn-me-ba; 

Mrol-Krol  W. 
Ship  s.  gru,  gru-bo,  yzins;  —  master  gru- 
Shi rt  s.  mgo-kdr  Ld.o       >  [dpon. 

Shiver  vb.  ^gul-ba. 
Shoe  s.  Uiam;  soft  —  ba-bu\  —  of  plaited 

straw  bu-lu\  —  strap  Ihamsgrda.      ^ 
Shoot  s.  Idug-ma;  vb.  n.  ^Mrun-ba;  vo.  a. 

^pen-^a. 
Shooting-star  ke-tu,  skar-mdd. 
Shore  ^gramy  skam-sa. 
Short  fun-ba\  in  —  sgril-bas  120,  mdor-na 

273;  ct  also  zur-tsam  489. 
Shortsighted  mig-rayan-fun. 
Shoulder  s.  dpun-pa^  prag-pa;  —  blade 

sog-pa. 
Shout  vb.  ^aga-pa^  sgrog-pa. 
Shovel  s.  /cyem;  coal  —  me-akyogs. 
Show  vb.  a.  aton-pa,  nom-pa^  adiga-pa. 
Showman  Itad-mo-mkan. 
Shrewd  mUaa-pa. 
Shrine  rten. 
Shrink  vb.  n.  (to  be  contracted)  Jcwm^ay 

(to  recoil)  ^dzem-pa^  him-pa. 
Shriveled,  Shrunk,  Murm-pa. 
Shudder  vb  yya-ba. 
Shun  apon-ba^  ^dzem-pa. 
Shut  vb.a.  (a  door)  o9^9^'P<^'')  (}^^  ^7^0 

jdzum-pa\  to  —  off  or  out  Jiega-pa\  to 

—  up  akytl-ba,  agyon-ba. 
Shuttle  don-po. 
Shy  vb.  n.  (of  horses)  ^drog-pa. 
Shy  adj.  ^drog-lan. 
Sick  nod-pa;  v.  also  yi-ga  hca  608. 
Sickle  zo7*-ba^  rgya-z&r. 
Sickly  nad-bu-dan. 
Side  s.  loga,  no,  noa^  noga,  ^daba,  rol  636,  ■?<*'^'^^ 

Kud-ma;  (of  the  body)  dhiy  y^oga.  gloj  ^ 

^gram,  (direction)  pyoga  362.  thI  i<jLIo^/>iK  ^«. ***•.» 
Sieve  Ibaga-faaga. 

Sigh  8.  mg-huga  W.,  huga-ndr^  auga-rin. 
Sight  Uad-mo,  anan-ba,  mfon-andh. 
Sign  s.  rgya,  resp.  pyag-rgya;  mfaan-ma^ 

mtaan-nyid^  rgyti-mtaan;  rtaga;  brda  297. 
Signature  rgya-rtaga. 
Signification  don. 
Signify  v.  i^7i-pa  510. 
Sikim  Jbraa-ljdna. 
Silence  cem-me-ba. 
Silent,  to  be  —  Ua-rog-pa;  ban  mi  amra- 

ba. 
Silk  dar,  goa;  —  cloth  2;a-^d^;  —  thread 

goa-akud;  silks  goa-^hi,  col.  go-ain. 
Silk-worm  dar-arin. 
Silver  s.  dtiul;  —  in  bars  ga 
Similar  Jlra-ba;  *taoga-ae*  "" 
Similitude  dpe. 
Simple  rUyan-pa. 
Simultaneously  ybig-bar. 

42 


6 


r  y  If 

658 


•  Sin  —  Soldier 


Sin  s.  sdig-i^a^  nyes-pa^  nyon-mons-pa 

skyon^  sgnb-pa;  heinous  —  rme^ba  425; 

deadly  —  mfsams-med-pa  465. 
Since  adv.  (ever  since)  bzuns-te]  coDJ.  pas. 
Sincere  dran-po. 
Sinew  (ki-^a, 
Sii^ul  sdig-dan^  skyon-can. 
Sing  glu  im-pa. 
Singed,  Singeing  me-yhdh. 
Single  adj.  (separate) /'^-ia,  yHg-pum^ 

Tvyag-ma.^  rkyah-pa ;  (unmarried)  lty(Mnid\ 

mh-ma-mia]  -  comheit  Mrug-pa,^azin'mo, 
Sink  vb.  n.  rffttd-^a,  nub-pa  Jbyin-ba. 
Sinner  sdig-po^  sgrib^a. 
Sir  ytsO'bo  434;  sa-heb,  col.  sab  571;  'a^o 

603;  dear  Sir  Bzin-bzdn  483. 
Sister  srin-mo,  mded^  resp.  Ibam-mo*^  elder 

—  'a-?<?  603;  younger  —  nu-^mo  305. 
Sit  sdodrpay  resp.  bhugs-pa\  ^duq-pa.,  Jiod- 

pa;  sitting  cross-legged  skytl-krun  27. 
Site  maL 

Situated,  to  be  —  towards  Ita-ba. 
Situation  ynas-skabs. 
Six  num.  drug^  sixth  drug-pa;  sixteen  bhc- 

drug^  sixteenth  bdtt-drug-pa;  sixty  drug- 

du,  sixtieth  drug-bii-pa. 
Size  i^e-kyady  ce-eun,  fsad,  bon,  Kyon,  rgya. 
Skeleton  ken-rus. 

Sketch  s.  bkod-pa;  zur  tsam  bsdu-ba  489. 
Skilful  mUaS'pay  sgriiv-pOy  fahs-hes-pa; 

fabs'dan  Wr,  skyen-^a^  spyan-po. 
Skill  sgyur-rtsdL 
Skin  s.  pags-pa^  ko-ba. 
Skirt  s.  gos-sgab^  gos-mfa^  fu-ba. 
Skull  fod-pa. 
Sky  nam-mlcay  ynam. 
Slab  span,  yya-ma. 
Slacken  vb.  a.  glod-pa 
Slackened  adj.  Ihod-pa^  Ihod-po, 
Slander  s.  pi^a-may  smad-sgra. 
Slander  vb.  pragma  byed-pa^  or  smra-ba, 

or  <jM^-p«,  resp.  ysol-ba^  hurba. 
Slanderer  pra-ma-vikan. 
Slanting  yo-ba^  yon-po. 
Slate  yyorma. 
Slaughter  s.  ysod-yhod\  vb.a.  ysod-pa^  ske 

y^odr-pa^  resp.  ^om-pa. 
Slave  s.  brarty  mnag-yMg. 
Sleep  s.  ynytd,  resp.  mnal. 
Sleep  vb.  nyal-ba,  ynyid-hg-pa^  resp. 

yzimrpa. 
Sleeping-room  yzim-Kan, 
Sleet  s.  lia-ma-Mr. 
Sleeve  pu-dun. 

Slender  kyan-po;  kyah-kyan  rin-Tno  W. 
Slide  \h.ji.  ^dred'pa. 
Slight  adj.  pra-ba. 
Slight  vb.  a.  .^n-^a^  ^gyin-bag  byed-pa; 

bO'^dri-ba, 
Sling  s.  sgvr^do;  —  stone  rdo-^-yug. 


Slip  in  vb.  n.  ^Urilrbay  J^yudrpa,  ^dzuHrba, 

Slope  8.  gud,  nogs. 

Sloping  gyih-mo  W, 

Slow  bul'pOj  dal'ba;  (irresolute)  •/o-«w 

man-ba;  lo-sna  rin-mo*  W, 
Slowly  nan-gisy  gul-gtU;  gu-leW.^  ga-le  C. 
Slowness  daUbay  dal-bu. 
Smack  vb.  Ka  brdab^a;  dkan^-sgra  Jeh- 

pa  W'^         ^  ^ 
Small  cun-ba.,  cun-tse  W.\  pra-ba. 
Small-pox  J>rum-nad,    :^ 
Smart  adj.  (gaily  dressed)  mam'^gyuf' 

ban\  yzab-mOy  yzab-sprod;  mcor-po. 
Smash  y bog-pay  rdun-ha. 
Smear  skud-pay  Jbytuf-pa. 
Smell  s.  bsun\  vb.  a.  sn&m-pa;  vb.  n. 

mnam-^a. 
Smile  s.  ^dzurrhy  vb.  n.  jdzurri-pa. 
Smith  7ngar-ba, 

Smoke  s.  dud^a\  vb.a.  (tobacco)  Jun-ba, 
Smooth  adj.  Jam-pa. 
Smooth  vb.  a.  dbur-bay  ^ur-ba^  'ur-ba. 
Smoothing-iron  Ibags-isrd. 
Smuggle  pag-fson  byed-pa. 
Smut  8.  sre-nag;  sre-mog  W. 
Snail  skuogs'lto-bu;  —  clover^/. 
Snake  sbrulj  Jm-rihy  Ito-^gro. 
Snap  s.  (with  the  fingers)  skad-big  19. 
Snare  s.  myiy  snyi. 
Snatch  vb.  o9^9'P^' 
Sneak  vb.  Jab-pa. 
Sneeze  vb.  sbrm-pa. 
Snipe  skyar-po^  cu-skyar;  Uh-^ii-UnLd. 
Snivel  s.  snobs. 
Snore  vb.  nug-pay  snur-ba. 
Snow  s.  Ua-oay  gans;  —  ball  Ka-gon;  - 

bridge  rud-zam;  —  fall  J>aA;  —  leopard 

ysa.  bsa;  —  shoe  dkyar;  —  slip  ^a^rud; 
storm  Ua-tsub^  rluh-fsuby  bu-yug. 
Snuff  s.  sna-^ddg  W. 
So  bes  142,  de-ltar  256,  ^di-ltar  275,  de-bhm- 

du  256,  de-^dras  282;  just  —  de-ka-Uar 

255;  so  as  tsam  430;  so  that  tsam-du;  so 

then  yan  505. 
Soak  sbon-ba. 

Soap  s.  glan-gldd  C,  sa-bon  W. 
Soar  Idin-ba^  oPV^^- 
Sob  s.  nud-mo. 
Socage  ^t^-&^499. 
Society,  human  —  fsogs  451. 
Socket  of  the  eye  mig-Hun. 
Sod  skan-^a. 
Soda  bul. 

Soft  Jam-pay  mnyen-pa^  snyi-boy  JboUpo, 
Softly  ga-le  C,  gu-leW. 
Soil  s.  sa-y^i. 
Soil  vb.  bsgo-ba. 
Solder  Kro^his  sdom-pa]  *kar-ya  dan  zar- 

be^W. 
Soldier  dmag-mL 


^L'. 


Sole  —  Spring  up 


659 


Sole  of  the  foot  rkan-mfil. 

Sole  adj.  ybig^  ybig-pu  144. 

Solely  Uchna,  Jba-iig. 

Solid  adj.  (not  hollow)  kon-gan^  gar-bu^ 

pu-ri  med'/can  W,;  (not  liquid)  rens-pa; 

(firm)  mliran^  J^g-ban  W.^  sra-ba. 
Solitary  adj.  dbeip-pa;  —  place  dgon^a. 
Solitude  doen-pa^  o^*^9^  9^* 
Some  Ka-big^  ga-ben^  gor-has^  gan-kig^  ^a, 

res-^a;  bi  yton  W.,  big^  bun-kig;  ^a-lam; 

re-zig;  la-Id. 
Somebody,  some  one,  ybig,  y big-big. 
Somerset  ma-ldg. 
Something  bihig\  ci-yton  W. 
Somnambulism  ynyid-rddl. 
Son  fttt,  bu-pOy  bu-fsa  PF.,  resp.  sra8\  —  in- 
law mcLg-pa-y  —  of  man  mii  bu^  mii-sras, 
S  ong  glu^  7ngu7\  dbyans. 
Sonorous  sgra-baUy  sgra-ldan. 
Soon  8wa,  mggogs-pa;  myur-du;  as  —  as 

ma-Uad,  ma  fag-tu  227,  tsam-gyis  431; 

sooner  or  later  sna-pyi. 
Soot  dreg-pa^  sre-ndg. 
Soothe  li-bar  byed-pa. 
Soothsayer  la-mJcan^   rtsis-pa^  mfsan- 

ml^an. 
Sorcerer  ^on-po^  Jba-^o'^  sorceress  gia-wo. 
Sorcery  mam-prul^  pi'a-m^;  to  practise 

—  spruUba^  rol-ba. 
Sorrel  adj.  Ham-pa, 
Sorrow  s.  Koh-Jcrugs^  col.  *Uog-fug^, 
Sorrowful  mi  dga-ba. 
Sorry  hon-du  cud-pa ^  mi  dga-ba^  bio  mi 

bde-bay  sems  skyo-mo. 
Sort  s.  Hy ad-par y  ana,  rigs\  of  what  —  bi 

Ita-bu. 
Soul  nvamSy  resp.  fugs-nydmSy  dgons-pa; 

rgyvd\  mam-^es,  sems. 
Sound  s  akady  /^ol\  sgra^  sgra-skdd. 
Sound  vb.n.  Mrol-ba,  ^grags-pa;  vb.a.  sgra 
Sound  adj.  rem-pa^  bde-ba.         [sgrog-pa. 
Soup  fua-pa. 
Sour  adj.  skyur-ba,  skyur-po  C,  skyur-mo 

W. 
Source  hi-mig^  ^-mgo\  Muns^  ^go-ma. 
South  Iho, 

Sovereign  s.  dban-po. 
Sow  s.  pag-mo;  —  thistle  Ivdl-pa. 
Sow  vb.  a.  sorbon  ^deba-pa. 
Space  gUy  go. 
Spade  Ibags-lhj&m. 
Span  s.  mto. 
Spare  vb.  pan-ba. 
Spark  7ne-ltdgy  Tne-fsag. 
Sparkle  ^Mol-ba  W.^  sag-sag  zer-ba  C. 
Sparrow  bya-po  skya-bo  W.;  —  hawk  Afra, 

mlHUUra. 
Spasm  rtsa-his  or-^dtis]  JHn-ba  C. 
Spawn  8.  sgo-na,  agon. 


Speak  smra-ba,  resp.  bka-Btaol-ba\  moUba 

W.\  lab-pa^  resp.  ysun-ba,  zer-ba. 
Spear  s.  rndtm. 
Specimen  v.  jcm?344. 
Speck  rme-ba^  sme-ba. 
Spectacles  kel-mig;  snow  —  *mig-da*. 
Spectator  Itad-mo-pa. 
Speech  skad,  nag,  ytam,  fsiOy  br)ody  resp. 

6Aa,  resp.  ysun;  dpe-sgra  W. 
Speed,  good  — !  *fam-pa  ?o*  W. 
Speedily  myur-du^  nye-bar. 
Speedy  mgyogs-pa^  mgyogs-rim  W. ;  myiir- 

ba^  nns-pa. 
Spell  8.  yzunSy  yzuns-snags. 
Spend  skyag-pa^  hui yzon-pa;  to  be  spent 

^a-ba^  ^o-ba,  ogyag-pOy  Jsar-ba,  Jbad- 

pa. 
Sphere  dkyil-Jcor  ll;  gron  79,  nan  126;  — 

of  activity  spyod-yul. 
Spice  sdo9*,  spod;  fsan-te  W. 
Spider  taas-gra-JyUy  Jbag-rdg. 
Spin  Jial'bay  Jiel-ba. 
Spindle  pan. 
Spirit  semSj  sems-nyid;  kun-yzi  4;  evil  — 

ydon  267,  ^oh-po  95. 
Spirited  hur-po.  ^ 

Spit  vb.  fu  gyab-be  W.y  fo-le  ^debs-pa  W. 
Spittle  mcil-ma,  resp.  kal-^ab. 
Spleen  Tmilt)  mcer-pa. 
Splendia  ^od-ban^  grags-ban. 
Splendour  rnam-pa^  dnom-pa^  rnom- 

bryid,  brjid,  dpal^  oyin^  zil^yzi^  yzi-bryid. 
Splint  (for  a  broken  limb)  cag-Mn. 
Splinter  s.  fsal-pa,  Hn-fsal\  Hh-zd  W, 
Split  vb.  a.  ^ges-pay  ybog-pa^  yhog-pa,  <Seg- 

pa\  vb.n.  ^as-pa. 
Spoil  vb.a.  (plunder)  jj(wws-pa;  ybil-ba. 
Spoiled  (corrupted)  Hag-po;  to  be  —  san- 

ba. 
Spoke  rtaib-ma. 
Sponge  s.  hi-Jiur. 
Spontaneously  ran,  ran-bkin-gyisy  higs- 

kyisy  rgyu  med-du  110.     /<*^^^^  ***   '  ■ 
Spoon  fur-ma;  tip  of  a  —  fur-mgo.   '•  -k^J 
Spoon-bill  skyar-Ub. 
Sport  vb.  n.  (frolic)  rise-ba. 
Sportsman  liyi-ra-ba. 
Spot  s.  (locality)  go;  (stain)  grib;  (mark) 

tig-le. 
Spouse  (wife)  cun-may  btsun-mOy  Kab, 
Spout  s.  wa-mbu. 
Sprain  vb.  a.  fsigs  Jmd-pa  or  jx>g-pa;  to 

be  sprained  JHruh-ba. 
Spread  vb.  a.  rkyon-ba^  ^ebs-pa^  Jieb-pa, 

ybal-ba^  rdal-ba^  spel-ba,  ^din-ba^  Jbre-bay 

^r ems-pa;  vb.n.  mied-pa^  ^gye-boy  rgyas- 

pa,  dar-ba^  Idan-ba. 
Sprightly  yban-po. 
Spring  up  vb.n.  ^ags-pa  163. 


660 


~7o  ':'■■■'■    - 
Spring  —  Sirewing-oblation 


■J    6C< 


Spring  8.  (fountain)  2w-w^,  /cron-pa; 

(season)  dpyid. 
Sprinkle  ^arems^a,  fag-'Sag  byed-pa. 
Sprout  s.  sodl-^iig,  mgu-gu,  rnytcg. 
Sprout  vb.  n.  skye-ba^  ^khnin-buy  rdol-ba. 
Spunk  spra-ba;  tsa  Ld, 
Spur  s.  (of  horsemen)  rtin-lbags^  mountain 

—  sgah. 
Spy  s.  Ita-nyul-pa,  mel-tse;  —  glass  dur- 

bin^  sel-mig. 
Spy  vb.  80'byed'pa;  to  —  out  (another's 

faults)  ^fsan  bru-ba. 
Squander  yzan-pa. 
Square  s.  /ca^gdn;  adj.  Ua-gan-ba^  tea- 

gan-ma. 
Squash  vb.  glem-^a. 
Squat  vb.  tsog-pur  sdod-pa  432. 
Squeeze  vb.  gtem-pa,  bder-ba. 
Squire  v.  ga-gd. 
Stack  s.  pub-rags. 
Staff  mUar-ba^  Jcar-ba^  ber-ka. 
Stag  la-ba  556. 
Stage  (of  a  journey)  o6ra/i-8a. 
Stain  vb.  (sully)  bsgo-ba;  stained  nyaTns- 

Staircase  f em-pay  rgya-skds ;  gya-hrds  W, 
Stairs  fern-pa]  up  —  ya-fog^  down  —  ma- 

foa. 
Stake  s.  (in  the  ground)  rtod-pa;  (in  a 

wager)  rayal-rgyan. 
Stalk  8.  rlcah^  sdoii-po^  ba-tajg^  rt&a-ba^ 

soa-ma. 
Stallion  y$eb. 

Stammerer  Ua-ldig-mUan  W, 
Stamp  s.  rgyaj  resp.  pyag-rgyd. 
Stamp  vb.  ^Krab-pa  61- 
Stancn  vb.  (the  flowing  blood)  sdom-pa. 
Stand  vb.a.  (bear)  bzod  paim;  to  be  able 

to  —  fub-pa^  feg-pa]  vb.  n  gren-ba,  lans- 

te  sdod-pa. 
Stand  s.  stegs  221. 

Star  skar-ma;  shooting      skar-mdd. 
Start  vb.  (set  out)  rgytig-pa;  (from  alarm) 

^drog-pa. 
State  s.  (condition)  ynas-skabs^  ynas-fsuL 
Stately  j>d-can. 
Statue  sku^  rdo-sku. 
Stature  sgo-po^  sgo-bo. 
Stay  vb.  n.  ^dicg-pa^  sdod-pa^  ynas-pa, 

bhigs-pa. 
Steadfast  brtan-po. 
St^Jtdy  JtsugS'pa. 
Steal  vb.  a  rku-bcL,  ma-sbyin-par  len-pa\ 

vb.  n.  (slip)  Jah-pa^  nmil-bay  ^dzul-ba. 
Stealth,  by  -  sbas-te  W, 
Steam  rlans-pa.    . 
Steel  *dag-zdn*,  po-ldd.   .  •  ^ 

Steelyard  rgya-ma^  nya-ga\  puvy  spor^ 

spo-r^y  sran. 
Steep  adj.  ytsan-ytson,  yzar-ba. 


Steer  vb.a.  Ka-la sgyur-ba. 

Stench  dri  nan-pa^  dri  na-ba^  drifmum. 

Step  s.  gom-pa^  rdog-pa;  —  of  a  ladder  1 

hral-dan  21;  vb.n.  bgom-pa^  gam-pa  Jx^ 

ba,  ^ffnd-ba,^  o%;7>«- 
Stepfather pa-yydr ;  stepmother ma-gyar. 
Stick  s.  ber-ka^  dbyug-pa,^/  •  -  **  -  *  ■ 
Stick  vb.n.  Uod-pa^  ^byor-bd-j^brA.  sbyor- 

ba,  ^dzugs-pa. 
Sticky  rtsi-can. 
Stiff  rens-pa;  to  be  —  ren-ba. 
Still  adj.  (quiet)  dal-ba^  mi  yyo-bar\  (si- 
lent) V.  Ua  rog-pa. 
Still  adv.  da-^hy  yah. 
Sting  s.  mduh\  vb.  a.  J>ig{s)-pa,,  ^dzug-pa 

466. 
Stingy  lag-dam-pOy  fsags-jdod-han. 
Stink  vb.  mnampa. 
Stir  vb.a.  dkrug-pa^  srtib-pa;  to  -  np 

myog-pa,  sprua-pa. 
Stirrup  yob^  ^ob. 
Stitch  vb.  sbrel-ba. 
Stocking  rkaii'Subs,  resp.  kabs-kubs.  ^v«^  ^^^' 
Stomach  grod-pa^  po-ba,    '<-'-      -^     -  - 
Stone  s.  rdo;  —  of  fruits  rus-pa;  vb.  a. 

rdo-rub-la  btah-ce  W. 
Stool  stegs  221. 
Stoop  vb.  mgo  dgu-ba,  mgo  dgur-ba  or 

Stop  vb.  a.  sm-pay  ^gegs-pa^  vb.  n.  ^gag- 

pa,  sdod-pa. 
Stopple,  stopper  lea -^dig. 
Store  s.  mdzod'y  —  room  mdzod-Kahy  bah- 

ba^  bah-Uan^  tson-Kan, 
Storm  8.  tsub-ma^  rlun  &»-^,  drag-po. 
Story  s.  (fl.0Q;r} /i3^;  (tale)  ynas-^ut^  lo- 
^  rgyus.  ^  ;'o  *^.cjl    ^  - 
Stout  adj .  sbom-pay  rom-po;  (of  cloth)  ^ags- 

dam'y  to  grow  —  brta-ba. 
Stove  fa6,  me- fab. 

Straight  adj .  dra  n^po,  grohs-pOy  bsrans-pa,  " 
Straighten  sroh-ba. 
Strain  vb,  a.  (filter)  ^f sag-pa. 
Strainer  hc-fsags. 
Straits  sa-bdVy  mfso-lag-JxreL 
Stranger  pyi-miy  byes-pa^ 
Strangle  ske  bsdam-ste  ysod-pa. 
Strangury  yHn-^gdg, 
Strap  s.  ko-fdOy  sarog-gUy  rog-bu  W,y  lun. 
Stratagem  dku-lto. 
Straw  sog-ma^  pub-via. 
Strawberry  dpal-bydrW, 
Stray  V.  yan-pa  506. 
Street  rgya-srdhy  lam-srdn.  ^'  -   ^"' 
Strength  nyamsstdbsy  stobs-po ;  sed\ 

spirits  etc.  ber. 
Strengthen  hedcw-be  W, 
St  re  ten  vb.  rkyon-bay  srtn-ba. 
Strew  ytor-ba^  ^din-ba. 
Strewing-oblation  ytor-ma^lQ. 


of 


Strict  —  Syria 


661 


Strict  dawr^o. 

Stride  vb.  ogom-pa. 

Strike  vb.  ^pog-pay  rgyab-pa^  rdun-ba, 

rdeg-pa. 
String  s.  rgyud,  sgrog^  ^cia-ba^  ^pren-ba^ 

fa-gu. 
Strip  vb.  hu'ba^  gos  Jmd-pa, 
Strive  for  vb.  snyegs-pa,  ^ran-pa^  hizon- 

pa. 
Stroke  s.  Icag^  ^pras-pa. 
Stroke  vb.  byil-bay  Jbyrtg-pa, 
Strong  gar-ha^  drags-po,  btsarirpo^  rem-pa 

635,  hed-can. 
Structure  bkod-pa. 
Stubborn  mgo-fcregs-pa. 
Student  slob-ynyer. 
Studiaus  brtson-^rus-can. 
Study  s.  Jbad-pa, 
Stuff  s.  (cloth;  ras. 
Stuff  vb.  a  ^fsan-ba. 
Stunned  Kal-l^dL 

Stupid  glen-pa^  blun-pa^  blo-groB-m^d, 
Style  8.  bzo,  zo-sta  H\  497. 
Subdue  ^oms pa. 
Subject  s.  sAor,  glen-yz^  mita-zabs^  bran, 

Jbam, 
Subject  vb.a.  Joms-pa,  ^og-tu  Jug-paUil, 
Subsequent  pyima. 
Subside  iiba. 
Subsidy  Jud-ma. 
Subsistence  Jso-fabs. 
Substance  dnos-po,  rdzas  468- 
Substantive  dnos-mih. 
Substitute  s.  tsab. 
Subtract  jdor-ba^  sbyon-ba^  Jmd-pa, 
Succession  fsif\  rabs  526,  Hm-pa  630. 
Such  ^di'^dra-ba  282,  de-lta-bu  256. 
Suck  ^ibs'pa^  Jun-ha, 
Suckling  baby  ho-Juns, 
Suddenly  glo-bur^  glo  bur-duy  har(-gyis) ; 

yan-mea-la  W, 
Suet  grod'fsil^  Kon-fsiL 
Suffer  vb.a.  myon-ba^  bzod-pa;  vb.  n. 

mnar-ba^  yzir-ba. 
Suffice  Jxyedpa,  Idan-ba]  cog-pa. 
Sugar  ka-ray  Ua-ra\  raw  -  bu-rdm\  — 

cane  ^dam-bur  W, 
Suit  s.,  a  complete  —  of  clothes  mgo-ltis 

2a  tsdn. 
Suitable,  to  be  —  ^on-baW2^  ^os-pa,  run- 

ba. 
Suitor  ^dod-mUan, 
Sully  bsgo-ba. 
Sulphur  mu-zi. 
Sum  s.  brtsis-ziri]  vb.  to  -  up  sgril-ba, 

sdom-pa^  sre-ba. 
Summary  s.  sdom. 
Summer  dbyar. 
Summit  Vigo,  spOy  rUe{-m6) . 
Summon  vb.  a.  ^ffogz-pa. 


Sun  nyi-ma\  —  beam  nyi-yi^;  —  dial nyp- 

tsod. 
Sunday  yza-nyi-ma.      cL^  l^^^^^^  /^  C^c  , 
Superficies  W08, /^ /'rfo/i.        ^--     "^  "^ 

Superintend  hal-ta  byed-pa. 
Superintendence  do-ddm, 
Superior  adj.  Hyad, goii-may  rgyaUbay  bloy 

rah ;  s.  goh-may  bla-ma. 
Supernumerary  tk/A\,  Jeb, 
Supine  adj .  gan-kydL 
Supper  dgo7t8'Zas\  Lord's  —  ysol-ras  592. 
Supple  mnyen-pa. 

Supplement  ka-skon,  yan-lag,  Ihan-fdbs, 
Supply  vb.  sgrub-pa. 
Support  vb.  skyon-ba,  Jtegs-pa,  ^dzin-pa'y 

s.  rten-pay  rgyab^^ten. 
Supposition  resp. bsami-pa, snan-bay  bzed- 

pa,  bhed-fsul. 
Suppress  non-pa,  Joms-pa^  snub-pa,  sub- 

P^y  o9^9^'P<^^  ^ 

Sure  gor-ma-cdg,  eleg.  gor-ma-bkum  73; 

bisan-po  434;  to  be  sure!  *tigy  digy  de-ka 
^  yod*  256. 

Surely  nes-par,  nan-cdgs  .B03. 
Surety  brtan-pa,  ydeh-tsad. 
Surface  Ua,  nos,  logSy  Jiod,  ydoh-pa. 
Surpass  ^da-ba. 
Surround  skar-ba. 
Suspend  dpyan-ba,  spyan-ba  328. 
Swaddling-cloth  hi-stdn  W, 
Swallow  s.  Uug-ta. 
Swallow  vb.  mid-pa,  Uyur-mid-pa, 
Swamp  s.  gram-pa. 
Swan  ozad,  bzad-pa;  han-pai  rgyal-po. 
Swear  bro  Jsal-oa,  dmod-mo  Jbor-ba  423. 
Sweat  s.  riml. 
Sweep  vb.  pyag  bdar-ba;  to  —  together 

sdud-pa.       l<lc_    JM  ^^  - 
Sweepings  pyag-ddr. 
Sweet  dfiar-ba;  —  scented  zim-po. 
Sweet-heart  ^dod-grogSy  mig-grogSy  mdza- 

grogSy  bzan-grogs. 
Sweet-meats  him-zL  Iwi-him  6'    him-zda 

w.  '  '        y 

Swell  vb.  n.  skran-bay  Jbo-ba. 

Swift  adj.  skyen-pa,  myur-ba,  rins-pa. 

Swim  rkyal-ba,  ^pyo-ba. 

Swine  pa>g. 

Swing  vb.  a.  dbytig-pa,  yyob-pa. 

Switch  s.  Ibag, 

Swoon  \h.n.  brgyal-ba,  ^   c-n 

Sword  ral-gn.         Kjl.  - o(/yC  ,  E    ^^*5 

Syllable  sgra  119,  fseg-bar  460.        '  '  "^ 

Symbol  rten  213. 

Symmetry  dpe-byady  by  ad. 

Symptom  ?nf8a/i(-ma),  rtags. 

Synonym  skad-d6d  "2!^. 

Syphilis  pa-ran,  reg-dug. 

Syria  rum-^am. 

Syringe  ybiu. 


(-^^ 


i 


662 


Tabernacle  —  Thirst 


Tabernacle  (/ur-mUdg  Q^. 

Table  Idog-tse  150,  resp.  ysol-lbdg  f0i\  ysol- 

stegs\  European  —  rgya-Udg.  oOLa^^.  C  . 
Tablet,  bearing  an  inscription  byau-buy 

byati'Via, 
Taciturn  smra-nyun. 
Tail  rna-ma^  mjug-ma. 
Tailor  fsem-pa. 
Take  vb.  a.  len-pa^  ^fogs-puy  ^dzin-pa,  resp . 

b^eS'pa;  *nam'de*  W;  to  —  for  ^dzin-pa 

465,  sems'pa'j  to  —  off  ^bud-pa^  ht-ba;  to 

—  out  ogog-puy  Jion-pa,  ^yin-pa\  take 

away!  l\ur  son  6'.,  Kur  Uyer  W, 
Tale  lo-rgyus^  sgrun(s). 
Talent  ito,  i*ig-pa^  yon-tan^  he^-rab. 
Talk  s.  ytam^  ^ur\  vb.  smra-ba^  lab-pa^ 

glen-ba^  Jbar-ba^  ^ur  yton-ba. 
Talkative  smra -^ddd,  rgya-lab- ban . 
Tall  col.  sgO'po  rih-mo^  Jeyan-kyan  rin-mo^ 

jon-Jdn. 
Tallow-candle  tsil-sddn. 
Tamarisk  ^om-bu. 
Tame  adj.  dul-buy  ^dris-pa^  yyun-ba;  vb.  a. 

Jbil-bay  tul-ba. 
Tan  vb  a.  mnyed-pa. 
Tanner  ho-ba  mnyed-m/can  C. 
Tardy  bul-po. 
Target  ^ben. 
Tarry  vb.  ^or-ba. 
Tartar  (incrusting  the  teeth)  so-dreg. 
Task  8.  Uag\  rgyugs  W. 
Taste  s.  (savour)  bro-ba^  ro;  vb  a.  myon- 

ba\  vb.  n.  bro-ba. 
Tattered  cad-po. 
Tavern  can-Uah 
Tax  s.  \haly  dpya\  Jbab  Sp  ;  vb.a. (appraise) 

jal-ba. 
Tea^a,  resp.  ^8o/-^a;  —pot  Ub^nl^  resp. 

ysol'Hb;  —  party  ^a-w^rrdn. 
Teach  vb.  ston-pa,  slob-pa. 
Teacher  ston-pa,  slob-pa^  slob'dpon\  rgyvd- 

pa. 
Team  of  bullocks  glan-dor. 
Tear  s.  mH-ma^  to  shed  tears  mci-ma 

blag-pa. 
Tear  vb.a.  y^eg-pa;  to  —  out  ^pyid-pa^ 

J/yin-pa]  to  —  to  pieces  ^draUba^  hral-ba. 
Tease  gob-ndn  bo-be  W, 
Tedder  vb.  btod-pa-,  s.  btod-fdg. 
Tell  ^^ad-pa^  snyod-pa^  sTm^a-ba,  zer-ba^ 

zlo-ba^  zlos-pa. 
Temperate  tsodhes-pa. 
Temperature  gran-dro. 
Tempest  rlun  cen-po  or  drag-po^  rlun- 

dmdr,  yuUndn. 
Temple  mcod-Kan, 
Temporal  fse  ^dii;  —  life  ynas-skabs. 


Tempt  nyams  sad-pa,  fsod  ^dzin-pa. 
Ten  num.  bbu,  (Hg  bbu;   --  thousand  Art; 

tenth  bcti-pa. 
Tenant  Itah-pa  yyar-m/lan. 
Tend  vb.  a.  skyon-ba. 
Tender  adj.  snyi-ba,,  jam-pa^  byams-pa. 
Tendon  nya-hi. 
Tenet  ios. 

Tent  gur^  resp.  bhigs-gur,  <s^  - 
Term  s.  (limited  time)  cad-to. 
Terminate  vb.  n.  zin^pa;  vb.  a.    fsar-bar 
Termination  mfa2^d.  [byed-pa. 

Terrace  sten-ka^  sten-tse. 
Terrify  Jigs-pa,  Jigs-skrag  ^don^aC; 

^jig-ri  skul-b^  W,\  to  be  terrmed  shrag-pa. 
Test  vb.a.  nyams  sad-pa\  fsod  Ita-ba  21^- 
Testament  bka-c&ms^  Ra-fims. 
Testicle  rlig-pa^  resp.  ysan-rltg,  eupheni. 

^bras-bu. 
Testimony  ce-bhi\  v.  dpan(-po)  326. 
Texture  fags. 

Th  an  Zflw  546,  pas,  san  W.  571. 
Thank  vb.  ytan-i'dg  byed-pa  or  Jbtd-ba, 
Thanks  s.  ytan-rdg^  legs-ysdl]   many-! 

bkordrin-ce^  no-mfsar-c^  456;  2m  VF. 
That  pron.  de  255;  so-ci-ltar  218. 
The  def.  art.  v.  de  255. 
Theatre  Itad-mo  Ita-bai  sa,  Itad-rrw-Uah, 
Theft  rkunrma. 
Theme  sknr. 
Then  de-tsa-na,  der  256. 
Theory  Uor-ba  II,  no.  3,  217. 
There  de-na^  de-ru  266,  pa-gir  338. 
Therefore  de-bas-na,  des-na,  des  256. 
Therein  nan-na. 
They  Ico-pa;  Uo-wa  W,\  Ico-fso,  Uo^cag  C] 

de-dag,  de-mams. 
Thick  Jug-pa,  stugs-po,  sbom-pa,  rom-po] 

(of  fluids)  ska-ba,  myog-pa. 
Thicket  fsah-fsin  444. ' 
Thickness  srab-Jug  244> 
Thief  rkun-ma. 
Thimble  Ibun-^mo^  Tndzyb-rtin. 
Thin  2iA],vra-ba,  zim-bu,  sim-poW,*,  srab- 

pa^  sla-oa,  sla-mo. 
Thing  dnos-po,  <fa,  ca-bydd,  cos,  rdzas; 

things  (goods)  ca,  ^a-lag. 
Think  (suppose)  snyam-pa-,  (meditate) 

sem{sypa\  bsam-mno  byea^a  or  yton-ba^ 

resp.  dgons-pa;  to  —  oi'dran-pa  261, 

daons-pa. 
Third  num.  sum-pa\  thirteen  bbu-sum\ 

thirteenth  bbu- sum-pa',  thirty  sum-cu\ 

thirtieth  sum-bu-pa',  a  third,  third  part 

sum-ca,  sum-yar. 
Thirst  s.  skom,  skom-pa,  skom-ddd]  vb. 

skom-pa. 


This  —  Transform 


663 


This  ^,di276. 

Thither  de-ru^  der  256;  pyogs  de)*  352. 

Thong  ko-tdg. 

Thorn  tsei^-ma. 

Thoroughly  Uyon-nas, 

Thou  Ihfed^  Hyod^  resp.  nyid. 

Though  V.  %t  6. 

Tho  ught  bsam-pa^  resp.  dgoits-pa^  snyam- 

pa^  snan-ba^  dmigs-pa,  ^car  sgo,  nyams. 
Thousand  num.  stoh\  ten  —  KH^  Uri-l^rag^ 

Uri'tso\  hundred  —  Jmm^  Jbum-fso, 
Thrash  vb.  yyul-Kaycog-pa^  yyur  byed-pa 

C,  *Ko-yu  skor-ce*  W, 
Thread  s.  skud-pa^  Jsem-skud^  snal-ma 

319,  nyag-fdg  185. 
Threaten  gam-pa  W. 
Three  num.  yswmy  sum. 
Threshold  fem-pa^  sgo-fSm. 
Thrifty  pan-sems-can. 
Throat  jngul^  resp.  mgur^  Ikog-ma^  ske^ 

gi*e-ba,  mgrin-pay  'o-U  W, ;  sore  -  maul" 

nod.       !v'c?  '  ^^  I   ^-  -     -  ^^^^'^^  « 

Throb  vb.  ^par^a^  •  <  '- 

Throne  s.  rgyal-sa^  Uri^  sen-ge-Kri. 
Through  Itan^  Iten  217;  fyir  351- 
Throughout  fog-fdg  2^1* 
Throw  vb.  a.  rgyab-pa^  rgyag-pa^  skyur- 

baj  /tor-ba^^pen-pa^  dbmw-pa;  Jbor-baC^ 

to  —  down  ^bud-pcr;^WB'pa',  to  —  off 

spon-ba. 
Thumb  s.  fe-bo,  mfe-bo. 
Thander  s.  JyTug,  Jbrug-skad^  Jn^g-sgrd, 
Thunderbolt  foa^  Ue^ rdo-rye,  ynam-ldags, 
Thursday  yza-pur-bu. 
Thus  de'lta)\  ^di-ltar,  de-bhin-du,  de-^dras 

C,  de-tmg  W. 
Thwart  (frustrate)  sgyeUba, 
Tiara  cod-pan. 
Tibet  bod, 
Tibetan  m.  bod-pa^  f.  bod-mo^  —  language 

bod'Skad;  —  printing-characters  dbu-ban 

388;  —  current  handwriting  dbu-m^d. 
Tick  s.  hig-hig. 

Tick  le  vb.  *ki-t8i  kug-be*  TT.;  gug-pa  W. 
Tide  s.  dus-rldbs. 
Tidings  prin ;  glad  —  ytamsnydn ;  (gospel) 

prin  bzan-po. 
Tie  s.  JHh-ba^  vb.  a.  JHn-ba^  Jiyig-pa. 
Tiger  stag. 
Tight  damrvo^  fan-^o. 
Till,  until  oar-dw  366,  fug  C.\  fsug-paW. 
Till  vb.  a.  jdul-ba. 
Time  s.  rft«,  fse^  skabs;  (while)  yww;  time, 

times  lari]  one  — ,  once  lan-ydig;  ten  — 

lan-bdu;  point  of  — ,  proper  —  lor  bsgan 

124. 
Timid  J^s-pa,  ^igs-m/lan^  Jigs-pa-dan; 

sems-mn-ba. 
Tin  s.  ha-nye  dkar-po^  ia-dkar,  dkar-ya; 

-  plate  ta-li  W. 


Tinder-box  Uags-mag, 

Tire  vb.  a.  nal  Jug-pa, 

Tired  dub-pa;  to  be  —  dub -pa,  skyo-ba. 

Tithe  s.  bu-Udg  W, 

Title  s.  mfsan;  (claim)  fob-sroL 

To  prep,  mdun  273,  drun-du,  resp.  ^abs- 

drun-du  263,  rtsar  437,  gan-du  66- 
Tobacco  ta-ma-k'a;  —  pipe  gan-zdg^  ^al- 

zdg. 
To-day  de-riri  6'.,  ^di-rih  W, 
Toe  rkan-s&)\  sor-mo;  the  big  —  rkan-pai 

mfe-bo. 
Together  ydig-tu  J  Ihan-hig-tu;   -with 

bdas-pa^  mnyam-du. 
Token  mfsan-ma. 

Tola  (Indian  half  ounce)  dnui^  col.  muL 
Toll  s.  ho-gam. 
Tomb  dur^  ban-so. 
Tongs  rkam-pa. 
Tongue  Ue^  resp.  Ijags. 
Too  adv.  (too  much)  lux-can;  conj.  (also) 

yan. 
Tool  ca»;  tools  yo-byddy  lag-da. 
Tooth  sOy  resp.  fsems;  —  ache  so-zug;  — 

brush  SO'ZM;  —  pick  fsems-Hn^  so-hin. 
Top  s.  rtse{-m6). 

Topography  ynas-bmd,  yul-b^dd. 
Torch  gal-rni^  sgron-ma. 
To rment  vb.a.  Jse-ba;  sdu^-bsnal  or  ynag 

ston-pa  W. 
Torn  adj.  ral-ba^  cad-po. 
Tortoise  rus-sbal. 
Torture  vb.  a.  mi-la  ynag  ston-pa  W, 
Totter  yamr-ydm  byed-pa. 
Touch  vb.  nyug-pa,,  ytug-pa^  fug-pa^  reg- 

pa, 
Toupet  far-bdg,  for-fsugs. 
Towards  fog-tu  237,  fad-du,  pyogs-su. 
Towel  lag-Qpyis, 
Tower  mKar  dgur-fog. 
Town  ^row,  gron-kyei*;  yul-g)*u;  rgyal-sa W, 
Toy  s.  rtsed'Tno. 
Trace  s.  rkan-^ty^y  mal. 
Track  s.  rjes^  hiL 
Trackless  ryes-mid. 
Tractable  srab-Ka  dul-mo. 
Trade  s.  fison^  bzo. 
Tradesman  He-pa, 
Trading-place  las-sgo. 
Traffic  s.  fso/i. 
Train  vb.  a.  sbyon-ba;  to  —  up  skyed-srin- 

ba. 
Trample  vb.a.  rdzi-ba^  rdog-pas  rdun-ba. 
Tranquil  hi-ba. 
Tranquillity  zod. 
Transaction  las. 
Transfer  vb.  spo-ba^  ^od-pa. 
Trans  form  sgyur-ba ;  to  —  one's  self  sprul- 

ba  336;  to  be  transformed  into  ^gyur-ba 

96,  ^o-ba  101. 


,-v.  dji  < 


664 


Transformation  —  Unchastity 


Transformation  rdzu-^'pruL, 
Transgress  ^gal-ha\  Jia-ia, 
Transgression  ^al-kruL 
Translate  sgyur-ba. 
Transmigration,  the  round  of  —  ^Kor- 

ba  58. 
Transplant  spo-ba. 
Transport  vb.  skyel-ba,  Jcyer-ba. 
Trap  s.  myi,,  snyi\  Idem- pa  W,\  —  door 

ynam-sgo^  mouse  —  bi-Ldem  W.^  fox 

wa-ldem  W, 
Travel  vb.  ^ro-ba^  ^grod-pa^  bgrod-pa] 

ia-ba  W, 
Tread  vb.  a.  rdzi  ba;  ^cag-Zag  co-te*  W.; 

vb.  n.  Jcag-pa^  ^cags-pa. 
Treadle  man-sin. 
Treasure  s.  yter. 
Treasurer  dkor-pa^  pyag-rndzdd. 
Treasury  dkoi^-mdzdd. 
Treat  s  (feast)  mgron. 
Treat  vb.  n.  (to  use)  spyod-pa  334;  (to  re- 
gale) mgron-du  ynger-oa;  to  —  medically 

bcos-pa;  sman-dpyad  byed-pa  S2^\  vb.n. 

to  —  of  ryod'pa  182. 
Treatise  rgyud^  rgyud-sd^. 
Treatment,  good  —  bzanlugs  W, 
Treaty  bzan-sgrig. 
Tree  5^w,  sdon-po^  Un-sddh, 
Tremble  ^fful-^ba,  ^dar-ba. 
Trespass  vb.n.  bar-duy bod-pa  ^1. 
Trevet  Idagssgyid, 
Trial  (before  a  tribunal)  ytam-sdur  W. 
Tribe  sde. 

Tribunal  Imms-Kan. 
Tribute  dpya 
Trick  s.  bar- cad;  to  play  tricks  fo-Jsam- 

pa. 
Trickle  vb.  n.  jdzag-pa. 
T  r  if  1  i  n  g  adj .  frra- ba. 
Tripod  syyid'OU,  Icags-sgyid. 
Troop  s.  %M.  pal-po-ce^  tso;  troops  dpuii. 
Trophy  rgyal-mfsdn. 
Trot  vb.  ^dur-ba;  s.  ^dur-^ro. 
Trouble  s.  nyon-mo/is-pa,  dkasdug^  mya- 

nan;  vb.  a.  dhnig-pa. 
Troublesome  fsegs. 
Trowsers  rkan-snam^  gos-fuAy  dor-Tna, 

byan-rkyaii,  smad-yydgs. 


True  bden-pa^  no-rtdg. 

Trumpet  auh. 

Trunk  (of  a  tree)  sdon-po ;  (of  an  elephant) 

glan-sna;  (box)  sgam^  sgrom. 
Truss  s  p'on-po;  vb.  to  —  up  rdze-ba. 
Trustee  pa-fsdb,  ^^'^^ 

Trustworthy  ^(?8-pa.  f^---^ '  ^^  ^u^  c^ 
Trjttth  nes-pa^  bden-^a,  yiii-min  5l0.  ^ 
Try  nyams  sad^a  186,  dpyod-pa^  col.  hod- 

Ita-ba. 
Tub  yhon-pa^  bzom. 
Tube  doh'po^ pu-ri. 
Tuck  up  rdze-ba. 
Tuesday  yza-mig-dmdr. 
Tuft  pan;  —  of  wool  bal-jiab  W, 
Tumble  vb.  ^el-ba. 
Tumbler  (drin king-glass)  ^^Z-^dr,  i^/-^. 
Tumult  Jbrug-pa. 
Tun  zem, 
T  un  e  s.  glu. 
Turban  fod,  la-fdd. 
Turbid  ska-ba^  nyog-pa. 
Turf  span^  spait-po 
Turkey  i*um. 
Turkois  yyu. 
Turmeric  yun-ba. 
Turn  vb.  a  sgyur-ba;  to  —  oflf  zlog-pa;  to 

—  out  Jbyin^a;  to  —  round  Jcor-bax  to- 

up  rdze-ba\  to  —  upside  down  spub-pa, 

slog-pa;  vb.n.  pyogs-pa^  ^ro-ba^  ca-ba 

W,\  to  —  away  Idog-pa. 
Turn  s.  fsir  448,  res  535;  by  turns  fsir-la, 

fsir-du^  fsir  dah^  res-la. 
Turnip  nyun-ma. 
Turret  M>eu,  spin. 
Tusk  mce-ba^  mce-so. 
Tutelar  god  yt-dam-lha^  fugs-dam. 
Twelve  bbu-ynyis;  twelfth  bcu-ynyis-pa. 
Twenty  nyi-hu;  twentieth  nyi-hi-pa. 
Twice  lan-ynyis. 
Twilight  srod^  srod-jih. 
Twine  s.  skud-pa,  si-ri  W, 
Twins  *fsag-fug*^  mfse-ma. 
Twirling-stick  ja-bkrug. 
Twist  vb.  a.  sgrim-pa^  ybud-poj  sle-ba. 
Two  ynyis;  v.  also  do  256- 
Two-legged  rkan-ynyis-pa. 
Tyrant  apon-po  drag-po  or  drag-stU'Cim, 


Ugly  mi-sdtig-pa. 

Ulcer  su'ba;  ba-su  W.;  pol,  Ihog-pa. 

Ultimately  jmgs-na. 

Umbrella  nyt-tnb^  ydugs. 

Unable  mi  hes-pa^  can  mi  ses-pa. 

Unaccustomed  mi  gom-pa. 

Unadulterated  ma-jires-pa^  Ihad-m^d, 


U 


Unaware  yan-med-la  W. 
Unbearable  mi-bzod-pa. 
Unbecoming  mi-iHgs-pa. 
Unbelieving  ma-dad-va^  dad-w^d. 
Unbutton  vb.  a.  ^rol-oa. 
Unchangeable  ,gyur-mH 
Unchastity  ^dod-ldg. 


Uncle  —  Verdant 


665 


Uncle  Mu-bo]  ian(;-v6),  ^a-iariy  ^a-MuW, 
Unclean  mi-ytsan-iaj  dri-ma'Can;  fsi-du 

W.y  sh/ttff'bi'o  C, 
Uncommon  fwrwmin^  funr-monsmayin-pa 

234;  sroUm^d^  fa-mal^a  ma  yinr-pa  227- 
Undefined  nes-med. 
Un  der  ^og^  ^og-na  501;  v.  also  ham  557. 
Under-garment  ^an-fiin. 
Undergo  mfon-ba^  bzodrpa,  snyon-ba. 
Understand  mliyen-pa^  go-ba,  nos-^prod- 

pa^  rig-pa,  hes-pa;  ha-go-ba  W, 
Understanding  s.  bio,  bb-grds;  good  — 

(agreement)  mfun  241. 
Undertaking  s.  T'feom-pa 441. 
Undoubtedly  ydon-mi-za^ar. 
Uneasy  kon-du  hcd-pa^  mitdm-pa^  mi 

dgorba,  mi  dga-ste. 
Unequal  mi-^dra-ba. 
Unequalled  ^an-ya-med. 
Uneven  rtsyb-po. 
Unexpectedly  hun-med-la  W.,  yan-med- 

la  Tv.;  glo-bur-du,  har^-gyis)  C. 
Unfasten  ^ol-ba. 
Unfinished  fe-rdW. 
Unfit  adj.  mi-run-ba. 
Unfold  ^bu-ba,  Ha  Jm-ba. 
Ungracious  brtse-mid. 
Unguent  byug-mian. 
Unhappy  bkra-mi-hiS'pa,  sdug-bsnal-dan^ 

yyan-med-pa. 
Unimpaired  ma-nyams-pa. 
Universally  paUc^. 
Universe  Aig-rUn, 
Unjust  ^m^mid]  ISos  ma yivrpa. 
Unkind  brtse-mSd. 
Unmarried  (male  or  female)  Hyim-fabs- 

mM;  (female)  tiyo-mid. 
Unobserved  adv.  77ia-^or-6ar.  ^ 

Unoccupied  yarirpa,  ^  ^J'^^p'*  (^|  ^'^ 
Unquestionable  fogr-J^od-pa  227.  J^* 


^\\ 


Unquestionably  ydon  mi  za-bar. 

Unreasonable  Tai-rig-pa  b"^- 

Unripe  rjen-pa. 

Unsought  rtsol-m^d. 

Unsteady  ^dug  mi  fmgs-pa  459. 

Unsubstantial  yztcgs-Tned  4M. 

Un  symmetrical  ya-ma-zun. 

Untie  ^ol^a. 

Until  oar-duy  tug  C,  tsug-pa  W,]  pan-la 
340,  yan-la  506. 

Untoward  mi-jJodrpa, 

Untruth  hah'M, 

Up  to  prep,  gan^  drun-dUy  mdun-dUy  Idan- 
du  W,  289;  rtsar  437;  adv.  yar,  gycn. 

Upbraid  bka-bkyon  byed-pa. 

Up-hill  gyen-du. 

Upon  KorrUy  Har  35,  fog-tu  237,  sten-du  222. 

Upper  adj.  ya-gi;  —  end  fog-ma;  —  part 
8tod. 

Upright  (erect) %^-r^,  kron-krdnW,;  (hon- 
est) ios-dran-po, 

Up-stairs  ya-fog. 

Urge  vb.  a.  v.  nan  302. 

Urgently  nye-bar. 

Urinary  organs  'hirsd. 

Urine  ybin,  <hi^  dri-^. 

Usage  (custom)  sro/.      -^  \ 

Use  vb.  a.  spyod-pa. 

Use  s.  krims]  pavrpa;  lob-KyddW, 

Useful  dgos'pay  pan-fogs-pa;  to  be  —  pan- 
pa. 

Useless  mi-dgos-pa,  pan-m^d^  don'mid; 
'Son  W.  162. 

Usual  fun,  tun-mdn^  pal-pa. 

Usurp  ^prog-pa. 

Utensils  lag-fa. 

Uterus  bu-sndd,  pru-^ma. 
.  Utmost  V.  bla-ma  382,  )i  172. 
/Utter  Tyodr-pa^  ^don-pa. 
'  Uvula  Ide-cun. 


O^ 


Vacuity  ston-po-nywi  223. 

Vagina  mnal-sgo  132. 

Vagrant  adj.  yan-pa. 

Vain  (fond  of  dress)  mcor-po^  rdzob-po, 
col.  zaiHmo.      C  .    -^  ' :   r^   (^z^  i. 

Valid  Btobs-ban. 

Valley  lun-pa;  lower  part  of  a  —  mdo, 
upper  part  pu. 

Valuable  dkim-pa,  rin-po-Se. 

Value  s.  (price;  gon^  fan^  rin;  (import- 
ance) ^Hos. 

Vanish  yat-ba,  mi-snan-bar  ^^gyur-ba^ll. 

Vapour  s.  nady  rlam-pa. 

Variegated  bkra-ba. 


Various  sna-^ogs^  sna^so^sd^  so-sd^  rigs  mi- 

Varnish  s.  rtsi.  [y^'P(^- 

Vegetables  sno-fsdd,  fsod-ma,  Idum. 

Vehicle  feg-pa^  bion-pa. 

Veil  s.  ydon-Kebs. 

Vein  (of  the  body)  rtsa;  (of  minerals) /fer- 

Ha  208,  rdo-M  287. 
Venerable  btsun-pa. 
Vengeance  dtcgs  TT.;  to  take  —  *dug  kor- 

te,  Ian  kor-de*  W. 
Ve  n  t  u  r  e  vb.  spobs-pa. 
Venus  pa('Wa)-8an8, 
Verdant,  the  ground  becomes  —  sa  Jbo  C. 

395;  or  «4o  sh/4  136. 

42* 


666 


Vennicelli  —  We 


Vermicelli  ylur-jte^  cur^ha. 

Vermilion  s.  mfsal,  fsal. 

Vermin  srin-bu^  Jm, 

Verse  s.  rkan-pa  15,  f^igs  448. 

Vertex  mgo-dkyil^  ytstig. 

'Vertical  gyerirla  dran-po  W. 

Very  rab-tUyHn-tu;  ha-bahb^'^  ttkzTT.  408; 

the  very  Ico-na  43. 
Vessel  (receptacle)  sTiod;  (anatom.)ftw-gfa; 

(ship)  yzins^  gru. 
Vestibule  sgo-Uan* 
Vestige  mal. 
Vice  8.  sdig-pa^  mi^dge-ba, 
Vice-roy  rgyaUfsab. 
Vicissitude  ^gyur-ba  II  97. 
Victorious,  to  be  —  rgyal-ba. 
Victory  rgyal, 

Vi  c  t  u  a  1  s  Ka-zaSy  za-ba^  zorma. 
Vie  with  ^ran-pa. 
View  8.  snan-ba  317;  point  of  —  (mode  of 

viewing  things)  mton-sndn  318,  )'zigS'Sndn ; 

vb.  a.  Ita-ba, 
Vigorous  remrpa. 
Vile  btsog-pa, 
\iVif Ysmadrpa,  dma-Jbebs-pa^  ma-babkal^ 

ba  W.  421. 
Village  ytd-^ru^  grcn^  groh-Uo^  gron-yul^ 

mlrtso. 
Villager  gron-pa. 
Vine  rgun^  rgun-Hn. 


Vinegar  skyur-Huj  skyur-ru  Sii,^  sh/ui'-mo 

Lh. 
Vineyard  rgun-fsds. 
Violate  (infringe)  yhog-fa^  Jialri>a\  (de- 
flower) ha  smad^a. 
Violent  drags-po^otsan, 
Vi  r g in  bu-mo^  bti-mo  ysar^ma. 
Virtue  dge-bay  bsod-pa;  by  —  of  stobs-h/is 

224. 
Virtuous  dge-boy  dge-lddn. 
Viscid  rtsi-dan. 
Vishnu  Uyab^ug  A&. 

Visible  mhon-pa^  ysal-po^  mCoh-^u  run-ba. 
Vision  (act  of  seeing)  snan-bay  mfon-srum; 

range  of  —  mfon-^AJor;  (phantom)  ^a/- 

yzigs. 
Visit  vb.  a.  ial-lta  byed-pa;  , . .  dan  fug-  ^ 

pa-la  ^gro-bay . . .  dan  rn^aUba  or  pradrpa,  ^-' 
Visitation  (inspection)  ial-ta^  ^al-Ua, 
Voice  skady  sgra^  sgra-skady  resp.  yswi; 

loud  —  skadr^. 
Volcano  me-ri. 

Voluptuousness  ^dodrpOy  ^dod-ifags. 
Vomit  vb.  skyug-pa]  s.  skyugs-pa. 
Vortex  ytsug. 
Vow  s.  fugs-dam y  damy  damr-fsigy  yi-dam'y 

to  make  a  —  fugs-dam  bba-ba. 
Vowel  dbyans. 

Vulgar  s.  dTnans  422;  adj.  fa-^malrpa  227. 
Vulture  go-boyglag,  bya>-gldg. 


w 


Wag  vb,  a.  sgril-ba. 

Wages  glay  pogs. 

Waggon  hin-rta*^  —  wheel  «t«-rtot  j5a«-W. 

Wailings  s.  smre-sndgs* 

Waist  rked-pa. 

Wait  vb.  n.  sgug-pay  sdod-pa^  srin-ba]  to 
—  on  mjal-ba\  to  lie  in  —  sgug-pa'y  to 
keep  one  waiting  sgug-tu  Jug-pa, 

Waiting-man  sku-mdun-pay  iabs-pyi*y 
drun-Kdr, 

Wake  vb.  a.  sodrpa,  ynyid  sad^a. 

Walk  vb.  n.  bgrod-pay  ^gnd-bay  ^gro-bay 
JSag-pa'y  resp.  skyod-pay  y^egs-pay  J>y<m- 
pa;  to  take  a  —  skyo-sans-la  ^o-ba  458;'' 
V.  also  yyens-pa  518;  the  act  of  walking 
^gros'y  manner  of  —  spyod-^6s. 

Wall  8.  rtsig-pay  Uags-riy  skya. 

Walnut  star-kay  dar-sga. 

Wand  s.  dbyu^-guy  dbyu-gu. 

Wander  Jcyam-pay  rgyurba. 

Want  vb.  a.  dgos-pay  Jsal-bay  Jlio-ba\  I  — 
na-la  dgos  87;  I  do  not  want  it  Jco-be  med 
W:56. 

War  s.  Jimg-pa'y  mag-fdb  C,  mag-fag  W, 

Wardrobe  gos-sgdm. 


Warm  adj.  cbro-ba,  dron-mOy  fsa-ba. 

Warm  vb.a.  sro-ba'y  dugs-paW.;  to  —  one's 
self  Ide-ba, 

Warmth  fsa-grahy  drod. 

Warp  s.  rgyu. 

Warrior  dm>ag-mi. 

Wart  mdzer-pa. 

Wash  vb.  a.   Mntd-pay  resp.  bsil-ba. 

Washing  s.  llrus;  water  for  —  Krm-Mu. 

Waste  adj.  gog-pOy  ston-pa. 

Watch  vb.  a.  srun-ba. 

Watchman  sruh-mJian,   t<  ^   ,.\     -  x     ' 

Water  cm,  eleg.  cfoi;  —  carrier^Si^a;  —    ^ 
channel  «7a;  —  closet  pyag-Ta\  ysan- 
spydd'y  —  jar  ^-rdzd;  —  snake  JSw-sfcrw/; 
—  spout  jire-pu-fsub  W, ;  —  tub  liunzem. 

Wave  s.  rlahsy  dba-kldfL 

Wavering  s.  ^am-fs^m. 

Wax  s.  spra-fsU  C,  mum  W, 

Way  (road)  ^gro-say  lamy  (manner)  mam- 
pay  fabsy  lugsy  fstd'y  by  or  in  the  —  of  sgo- 
nas  115;  to  have  the  —  of  rigs-pa  628;  to 
give  —  Jbyer-ba'y  to  make  —  Jbyol-  bay 
^dzur-ba.  [^o,  ^u*bag. 

We  pron.  na  124,  na-iagy  tied,  nedr^an,  noSy 


o  oJ( 


1  c 


.a. 


riCki. 


/    ^     // 


Weak 


Word 


667 


Weak  adj.  ian-^a^  hedrmed^  ied-^n^  haU 

med  W,\  nyams-'cun^  jam-^o  W, 
Weal  (mark)  col.  nya. 
Wealth  nor^  dkor,  pyug-Hyddy  dbyig{s)y 

byor-pa^  lons-spydd  564. 
Weapon  mfson. 
Wear  vb.  a.  gyon-fa^  bqo-ba. 
Weariness  nal-ba^  ^(hbrgydl. 
Weary  adj.,  to  be  —  skyo-ba^  sun-pa. 
Weary  vb.  a.  nal  Jitg-pai  to  be  wearied 

nal-oa. 
Weather,  clear  —  ynam  dan  -  6a,  ynam 

dwanSy  ynam  fan\  dry  —  fan-pa  229. 
Weave  vb.  a.  Jag-pa, 
Weaver  fa-ga-pa. 
Wedge  s.  ka-tnc, 
Wednesday  yza-lhag-ma. 
Weed  s.  7*t8a-nan. 
Weeding  (the  act  of)  yur-^na. 
Week  bdun^dg. 
Weep  nvr-bay  himrpa. 
Weft  »pun. 
Weigh  vb.  a.  Jal-ba^  ^degs-pa,  ylal-ba^ 

yhor-ba. 
Weight  rcfo  286,  sran  580. 
Welcome,  you  are  —  ^ons-pa  legs-so  601. 
Welfare  bde-ba,  bde-Jdgs. 
Well  8.  Uron-pay  hi-dony  Jbyun-fSunSy  <ki- 

mig. 
Well  adj.,  are  you  — ?  de-mo  V  yo  C, ;  adv. 
^o-nd  600;  very  —  de-ltar  Jsal-lo;  well, 
well!  yag-po  yag-po;  —  sounding  snyan- 
i?a;  -r  tasted  iim-po. 
Wen  Iba-ba, 
Went,  Iwent«ow    679. 
West  nub. 

Wet  adj.  rlon-pa^  yser-ba\  s.  rlan.  :  -  ' 

Wether  fon-pa. 
What  interr.  H  139,  gan  66,  U-ltar  140,  ji 

172. 
Whatever  H-yan^  —  it  may  be  ci  yah  run 

532. 
Wheat  gro'y  —  flour  bag-pyi. 
Wheel  s.  ^kor-lo;  paddle  —  sku-ru. 
When  lia-ru^  Har]  din]  interr.  nam^  dus- 

nam-hig  303. 
Where  ga-na^  ga-ruy  gar\  —  is?  ga-r^. 
Whetstone  ^dzeh. 
Which  interr.  gah  65. 
While  s.  yan\  a  little  —  terhy  dar-ybig^  re 

a^  (dus)]  a  long  —  rin  iig-tu. 
Whilst  /a  640,  Zos  546. 
Whip  s.  Icag,  rta-ltag. 
Whirl  vb.  n.  Jmb-pa, 
Whirlpool  yt&u^^  ytsug-Jcyil. 
Whirlwind  ^dre-pu-fsub  W. 
Whisper  s.  hab-Hb\  vb.  hub-pa^  Ub-pa. 
Whistle  vb.  hcgs-sgra  yton-ba'y  v.  also  Aw- 

hu  697. 
White  adj.  dkar-ba;  —  wash  dkar-rtsi. 


Whither  gorru^  ga-la  64,  gar  67. 

Who  interr.  gah  65,  su  673. 

Whole  adj.  fa?ns-cdd  2^]  fsah-ma^  ril-ba^ 

hrilrpo]  s.  ril-po. 
Wholly  yohs-su. 
Why  interr.  H^  bi-la  140,  Hipyir  351;  ga-la 

rten-nas  214;  interj.  ^o-nd  500. 
Wick  8.  snyih-pOy  sdoh-ras  61,  sar  W,   ^dc. 
Wicked  adj.  cos-m^d,  sdig-pa-la  dga-ba. 
Wide  ieh-dan,  yahspa,  hel-po,  Iiel-ian, 
Widow  yng8(s)-sa-mo. 
Widower  yitg(s)-sa-pa^  yug-sa;  skyes-ndg 
Width  Kyony  yzeh,  \C, 

Wife  hih-inay  cuh-grogs\  'a-ne  W,]  tcab  38, 

Kyo-mo  ^\  (housewife)  liyim-tab-mOy 

Kmm-pa-ma  47. 
Wild  adj.  rgod-pay  ynyan-pa. 
Wilderness  dgonpa^  obrog. 
Will  s.  bsam-pay  fugSy  resp.  fugs-dgohs. 
Willing,  to  be  —  ^dod^a. 
Willow  Ibah-ma. 


Wind  s.  rdziy  rluh\  cold  -  lhag(8)-pa. 
Wind  vb.a.  dkri-ba^  ^Icrt-ba^  Jcyil-ba^  sg 


ba\  vb.  n 
Window  n 


Jril-ba, 


sgril- 


*gval-dkar  C. ;  —  hole  dkar-Jiuh. 
Windpipe  kru-kruW,^  Ikog-ma. 
Wine  rgun-(fah^  resp.  rgun-sky^ms]  cah. 
Wing  s.  hog-pa^  Jiab-ma. 
Wink  vb.  n.  mia  Krab-I(rdb  or  tsab-tsdb  or 

^dzum-^dzum  byed-pa. 
Winter  s.  dgun,  dgun-ka. 
Wipe  vb.  a.  ^pyi-ba]  to  be  wiped  off  Jbyi- 

ba. 
Wire  Uags-shtid, 
Wisdom  ye-hes^  ses-rdb. 
Wise  adj.  mUas-pa,,  gruh-ba,  mdzahs-pa. 
Wish  s.  ^dod-ptty  yid-8mon\  resp.  dgom-pa^ 

bhed'don\  vd.  a.  ^dod-pa^  smon-pay  Jsal- 

bay  bzed-pa. 
Witchcraft  mfuy  pra-men. 
With  dan  248,  mnyam-du  195,  bbas-su. 
Withdraw  vb.  a.  ydod-pay  mi  ster-ba]  vb. 

Wither  vb.  n,myid-pa. 

Within  fsun-(!dd. 

Without  prep.  med'pa(r)  418. 

Witness  s.  djpah{-po). 

Wolf  spyah-M. 

Woman  bud-mMy  mOy  'a-ne  W. 

Womb  mhal  132,  busnodsi^  rum. 

Wonder  s.  ya-mfsan. 

Wo  n  d  e  r  f  u  1  nyams-mfsar-ba^  ho-mtsar-ba ; 

ya-mfsan-po  C,  ya-^mCsan-ban  W, 
Wont,  Wonted  adj.  goms-pa. 
Wood  (forest)  nag8(-ma)y  fsal]  (timber) 

Hh'y  —  shavings  Uh-z4l, 
Woodpecker  Uh-rgon, 
Woof  spun,     / 

Wool  bal  .        f      ^  ^ 

Word  fsigy  miuy  sgray  hdg  125;  resp.  bka. 


668 


Work  —  Zodiac 


Work  s.  hya-ha^  bzo,  las^  resp.  prin-las; 

vb.  a.  las  byed-pa. 
Workman  las-fa^  las-mi. 
Workmanship  bzo  497. 
Wo  r  km  aster  lag-dpdn. 
Workshop  bzo'kah. 
World  ^iff-^t^,  sfridrpa  582. 
Worldliness  ^ig-rUn  ^di-la  ^ags-pai 

sems;  v.  bya-ba. 
Worm  Jm^  si'tn-buy  nyal-^o. 
Worn  out  iad-po. 
Worst,  to  get  the  —  oi  ^pamrpa. 
Worth  8.  q/cos^  goriy  rin,  fan. 
Worth  adj.  ri^a. 
Worthless  rin-med. 


Worthy  /5a,  yhorma'^  to  be  —  ^-pa. 

Wound  s.  rma^  rmor-Ka  W. 

Wrap  vb.  a.  dkri^a;  to  —  round  sgril-ba; 

to  —  up  ^dril-ba. 
Wrath  krO'ba^  ke-sdan. 
Wrest  vb.  a.  snol-ba. 
Wrestle  vb.  n.  snol-ba. 
Wretched  sdtig-po'^  nyaUborban  W. 
Wring  Jsvr-ba, 
Wrinkle  s,  ynyer-ma. 
Wrist  lag-fsigs. 
Write  Jbrp-ba. 
Wrong  adj.  mi-rigs-pa^  log-pa^  nu-^os-pa; 

^os-TTied  Ir . 
Wry  adj.  ^ht-ba^  JSus-pa  170. 


Yak  yyag\  male  —  pO'yydg\  female  -  Jbri" 

mo\  wild  —  JjToh, 
Yard  (court-yard)  Icy  arm. 
Yarn  snal-ma^  sran-bu. 
Yawn  vb.  glal-ba^  sgyih-ba  118. 
Yea  ^o-7id  500. 
Year  to;  this  —  da-lo. 
Yeast  pabs^  rtsabs. 
Yellow  ser-po. 
Yes  ^0,  de  yin\  'a  W,\  yes,  yes!  d^-ka  yod 

255;  — ,  so  it  is  de-de-bhu-no. 


Yesterday  Uorrisdn^  mdan. 

Yet  ^on  hyan^  yin  kyahy  yin  na  yon  W,\ 

gaUte. 
Yield  vb.  a.  yton-ba^  vb.  n.  dan-du  len-pa. 
Yoke  of  oxen  glan-ddr. 
Yonder  pa-gi, 

Yo  u  pron.  %^,  Uyod  48,  nyid  188. 
Young  adj.  yhon-pa^  hm-^^  the  youngest 

(son^  fa-(ftin;  8.  prug. 
Youth  s.  (youthful  age)  lan-^;  (boy  or 

young  man)  Myeu,  yhon-nu. 


Zeal  rtsol-ba,  brtson-^^grus,  Jbad-pa^  bag- 

(Sags. 
Zealous  brtson-^grus  dan  Idan-pa;  to  be  — 

brtson-^rus  skyed-pa^  brtson-par  byed-pa. 


Zealously  rtsol-bar. 

Zero  fig-le. 

Zinc  U-fsa, 

Zodiac  Uyirn-gyi  Jior-h, 


Final  remark.  The  Tibetan  words,  given  in  the  Vocabulary,  are  not  in  every  instance 
to  be  regarded  as  exact  equivalents  for  whatever  word  happens  to  be  sought,  but  rather 
as  hints,  how  to  attain  to  the  wished  for  expression.  It  will,  therefore,  be  frequently  in- 
dispensable to  refer  to  the  Tib.  Engl.  Dictionary  for  further  explanation,  and  to  examine 
the  different  bearings  and  relations  of  the  word  in  question,  so  far  as  they  may  have  been 
traced  there.  —  Although  this  Vocabulary  is  by  no  means  complete  in  itself^  yet  it  is  to 
be  hoped  that  it  will  not  prove  quite  unuseful,  but  answer  the  purpose  for  which  it  was 
intended. 


CORRECTIONS. 


A  revision  of  the  Dictionary  has  brought  such  a  number  of  misprints  to  light  that,  on  second  thoughts,  it 
seems  absolutely  necessary  not  to  leave  them  unnoticed,  but  to  register  all  that  are  of  any  consequence.  The 
unfortunate  fact,  that  such  corrections  should  be  required,  has  to  be  ascribed  to  two  circumstances,  in  regard 
to  which  the  reader's  indulgence  has  already  been  appealed  to  in  the  Preface,  namely,  the  author's  weak  state 
of  health,  and  the  difficulties  with  which  the  printing  of  a  book  of  this  character  is  necessarily  attended.  — 


p.  page;  a  b  the  respective  column,  left  or  right;  1.  line;  when  the  lines  are  counted  from  foot  of  page, 
the  numerals  are  provided  with  an  asterisk. 


p.  col.    1. 


p.  col.    1. 


2    a      8 

read  ka-ma-la-^ula 

51 

a 

14* 

read  Krims-Mn 

2    b    17 

•n 

ka-sa)u 

52 

b 

24 

rt 

*p-pa* 

3    b      3* 

rt 

to  beckon 

54 

b 

13 

» 

requisites 

8  a    18 

9  b    21 

tad-kyi 
dka-fub-la 

56 

b 

5 

Ji 

Si^Qj-q- 

15    a      9 

J) 

ta-hv-hlurrir-po 

56 

b 

15 

rt 

Jio-byM 

16    a    19* 
16    b      7* 

J) 

rkan-Jbdm 
dig  out 
affix  denoting 

59 

a 

20* 

» 

<^TOO'^' 

17    a      9* 

» 

59 

a 

10* 

n 

Jiyawrfa 

17    a    19* 

» 

rkyan-j>a 

59 

b 

20» 

n 

^dd-^Myims 

20  b    10* 

21  a      6 

n 

freouently 
skat-7i6r 

63 

a 

6* 

n 

=  gan.  —  3.  bald,  W.  ga- 
pi  (v.  spyi  333). 

21    b      2 

r) 

te 

65 

a 

24* 

Tf 

^dk'ba  de-ni 

26    a      5 

J) 

skyan 

66 

a 

16* 

yy 

gan-zdg- 
Ug-lta-tan-gyi 

27    a    11* 

n 

skyil'ldir 

66 

a 

14* 

» 

27    b    13* 

r» 

sicyur-mo 

66 

b 

15 

» 

mdzodrlnd 

28    a      6 
28    a    15* 

yyan-skyur 
re-bom 

67 

a 

20 

n 

=W|«^ 

28    b    19 

» 

kyer-7nen 

69 

b 

17* 

n 

gunniuin 

31    b    16* 

n 

Uig-Un 

74 

a 

18 

yy 

gydd-kyi 

32    b    16 

dele  2.  to  paste.  — 

74 

a 

13* 

79 

gyi  for  kyi 

32  b      6* 

33  a      6* 

read  skra-sM 

75 
76 

a 
b 

11 
6 

^T 

33    b      7 
33    b    12 

dd-ru  skrdg-pa 
caste 

77 

b 

18 

TO 

"^n 

34    a      5 

V 

soft  mouth 

78 

b 

22* 

» 

grdg-hi 

34    a    16* 

J) 

to  lie  on  the  face 

79 

a 

18 

« 

Tni6d-Ttm 

35    b      2* 

n 

Ha-yddms 

81 

a 

11 

» 

-rU^drmo 

38    a      1 

n 

Ids-ka 

84 

b 

5 

n 

stoop 

38    a    10 

n 

Yi 

Ld. 

zas  Ham  yHg  id.  —  2. 

85 

b 

18 

n 

^ 

39    a      6 

^MlHim 

41    a    20 

ji 

Uug-fu 

86 

b 

11 

n 

mdo\  dge-sldn-ma  a  nun; 
dge-BLob-ma  etc. 

41    a     4* 

n 

ma-Uiin 

44    a    18 

» 

kdg-pa  nan-pa 

87 

a 

19 

yy 

bstdn-por-la 

670 

Corrections 

p.   coJ, 

1. 

p. 

coL   1. 

89    b 
92    a 

2* 
4 

read  bes  bffrds-nas 

200 

a    13* 

read  |^q- 

95    a 

11* 

» 

nan- 

205 

a      4 

55 

Cs. 

95    b 

3 

n 

qafip-q- 

219 
226 

b      7 
a    11* 

55 
55 

ma  byed 

178,3.—  1^08.(2%):  2. 

95    b 

21 

yy 

establish 

231 

b      7 

55 

fig-skud 

%    a 

10* 

y> 

o<7<W 

232 

a      3* 

55 

iib-bu 

%    b 

1 

Ti 

^ffydff-pa 
^ffyan-ba 

233 

b    18 

55 

Ld.'Glr,, 

96    b 

3 

55 

233 

b    23* 

75 

translates  it 

%    b 

16 

55 

m-gyi 

233 

b    19* 

Tn 

*fun  dad*  W. 

98    a 

14 

55 

^gyddr^ar 

235 

b    24 

55 

Trd-teg  Kur-ba 

111    b 

22 

» 

f^^,, 

237 
237 

a      9* 
b    15 

55 

55 

nd'fog 
spyi'fdg 

112    a 

20* 

55 

tin-ne'^dzin 

238 

a    14* 

yy 

fod 

.                       113    b 

7 

55 

na-fsa 

256 

a      9 

from  thence 

i                    121    a 
1                     122    a 

20 
4 

vide  emendation  p.  XXli 

256 

b    12 

n 

^^•(50' 

122    a 

p                      122    b 

8* 
24* 

rea< 

sgrdn-pa 

259 
264 

b    14 

b      7* 

55 

55 

don  1.  —  don-ddm 

128    a 

4 

55 

M-bag 

265 

a    10 

» 

like  an  arctic  sea 

128    b 

4 

55 

d^'jirorba 
,U-ba 

267 

a    14 

dele 

(Pinus  abies) 
1  odA-mo 

128    b 

6 

55 

270 

b    14 

reac 

128    b 
r                       131    a] 

2*       „ 
L6*seqq.  „ 

no  dkar-po 
^dzin 

273 

b      2* 

55 

^1# 

132    b 

132    b 

t                    135    a 

5* 

55 

bis 

274 

a      4* 

dele  the  words:  marked  or 

3* 

55 

mn&ri-no 

275 

a98eqq. 

read  ^das-pa 

4 

55 

Lex. 

275 

b      6* 

55 

py^  . 

j                     139    b 

6 

55 

Hi  of  what? 

287 

b     16 

^ 

precious  stone 
jPth.  having  obtained  im 
mortality 

^                   140    b 

1 

r( 

1=^ 

287 

b    22 

5? 

^                   141    b 

17 

55 

ban 

291 

a      5 

Ji 

J^^^f^ 

l\                 143    a 

20* 

55 

gallinaceous 

292 

b    23 

n 

sddn-ba 

;-                146    b  10*,  8* 

'      „ 

293 

a      3* 

^ 

sdig-to-tan 

t                 147    b 

1"   -J             168    a 

23 
17 

55 

*vbom'ldun-^d4* 
cu-bur 

293 

b      1 

55 

^  q|)a^q'  8di(g)8'pa 

t                 168    b 

14* 

55 

the  water;  also  = 

301 

b    22 

55 

lo  tdn-ni 

^i                  161    b 

10*  • 

55 

dris-pas  (instead  of 
^ds'skad 

303 

b    23 

55 

zin-to 

t                  163    b 

10* 

55 

304 

b    22 

55 

prep. 

'                    164    a 
166    b 

3* 

18* 

55 
55 

irreligious 

305 

b    21* 

55 

s^-y^ 

166    b 

15 

n 

312 

a      3* 

55 

^^^ 

168    b 

20* 

55 

zd-ba 

316 

b      8 

■n 

smin^a 
apparition 

170    a 

13 

55 

Ju'ba  to  draw  etc. 

317 

b    12* 

55 

170    a 

22 

55 

vb.  n.  to  ^un-pa 

318 

b    14 

55 

brightly 

170    b 

2* 

55 

/cro-bo'^col-pa 

322 

b      8* 

51 

dkdr^-po) 
gru'^dzin 
Durga,  Uma 

171    a 

12 

55 

Lex. 

325 

a    10 

55 

176    b 

24 

55 

J^-% 

326 

b      4 

n 

177    a 

5 

55 

^ih-Uun 

327 

a    17 

n 

hdg-pepe 

184    b 

10* 

55 

nyd-ra  byidr-pa 

328 

a    18* 

55 

koA-jo 

185    a 

13* 

55 

dpon-gyi 
nyal'Jcri 

338 

a    14* 

55 

the  defunct  ancestors 

186    b 

4* 

55 

338 

b      2* 

55 

postp.  c.  gen. 

195    a 

21 

55 

*7nnyd'ce* 

340 

a    21 

59 

abstrusely 

195    b 

6 

y) 

F^ 

340 

b    17 

55 

Grafn.\ 

353 

b    16 

55 

jng-pa 
^prdtia 

195    b 

7* 

55 

ynyid 

354 

a      9* 

» 

Corrections 

671 

p.    col.    1. 

p.   col. 

1. 

367    b    12* 

read  ^pdh-mUan 

466    b 

11* 

read  whetstone 

374    a    12* 

»  ^(F) 

474    a 
480    a 

20* 
13 

„     soothe 

-    yzal-medr-Uan-bzan 

383    b    10* 

.    ^^' 9l^- 

-ofsd 

493    b 
496    a 

18 
5 

„    Sik, 
„    yzod 

389    a    12* 

„     dbdn-mo 

496    a 

18 

„     wasted 

407    a    17* 

'  1*^'^' 

508    b 

12 

„     so  yi  ycdd-pa^  yi  cdd-pa 

522    a 

2,3 

y,     ddn-mo 

410    b    13*       „     circle 
412    b  21*,  19*     „     mt-Icyim 

530    b 

5 

.   ^a,-q- 

415    a    24* 

r     to  Dame  v.  ^ 

^dogs-p 

a  2; 

540    a 

4 

.     of 

427    a    12 

„     sman-mcdg 

567    a 

5* 

ry      prop. 

431    a      1* 

„     tsdm-gyis 

576    a 

14* 

%kyO'8in  rndzdd-pa 

433    a      2* 
439    a    19 

„     yan 
„     mii 

578    b 

3 

«     ^qcri'  so-pa^ 

439    b    14* 

y^     o^^-  (or  ?« 

-)  rtsis 

yod 

587    a 

20,21 

„     nyon-mdm-kyi  kun-sldn 

442    a      7* 
442    b    17 

„     nydn-de 
„     assiduous 

589    a 

1 

„    qj^OI-^- 

446    a      3* 

„     fsan-zug 

591    b 

23* 

„     vb.  1.  to  beg,  to  pray  = 

449    a    12* 

„     travellers 

zu-ba 

460    b    10 

„     Jsd-ba 

592    a 

9 

„     (the  king's)  soul 

In  several  of  the  longer  articles  some  confusion  in  the  use  of  the  figures  in  large  and  small  type  has  oc- 
curred. In  order  to  restrict  this  catalogue  wthin  the  smallest  possible  limits,  these  and  other  slight  inaccuracies 
have  not  been  entered. 


'.li. 


Printed  by  Ung«r  Brothers  (Th.  Grimm),  Berlin   8W. 


DOES  NOT 
CIRCULATE 


A  FINE  IS  INCURRED  IF  THIS  BOOK  IS 
NOT  RETURNED  TO  THE  LIBRARY  ON 
OR  BEFORE  THE  LAST  DATE  STAMPED 
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^ 


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3  2044  086  541    083 


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