1DJANA
590.5
Fln.s.
no. 102
Zoology
NEW SERIES, NO. 102
Atlas of New World Marsupials
Barbara E. Brown
January 30, 2004
Publication 1527
PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Information for Contributors to Fieldiana
ed monograph! published by the Field Museum. The series
and our research associates. The page charge currently
ect to change. All authors are encouraged to provide funding
Submission procedure ion procedures document is available from the scientific
; ! and on eb site (by 2004). Manuscripts submitted for review
landard electronic software and submitted to the scientific editor in
mufic editor also requires the names, addresses, telephone numbers,
if at least five suggested reviewers. All elements of the work, including
5, must be completed before the manuscript is submitted. References should be
>rding to a recent Fieldiana publication, which may also be consulted for order of
e, table of contents, list of illustrations, abstract, and the like).
entific editor to accept or reject a work is final.
Length: As a monographic series, Fieldiana publishes mid-length works. We do not publish
rt, journal-article-length works. As a general rule, we are unable to accommodate
manuscripts of less than 75-100 manuscript pages. Authors seeking an exemption for a
uscript of fewer pages should consult the scientific editor. Fieldiana also is unable to
publish extremely long works without substantial support from the author. The publication of
lould be arranged well in advance with the scientific editor.
- e bear in mind: Changes on page proofs are very expensive. Author-generated change
an only be made if the author agrees in advance to pay for them.
JMM/FQi
JMIIKMS
FIELDIANA
Zoology
NEW SERIES, NO. 102
Atlas of New World Marsupials
Barbara E. Brown
Division of Mammals
Department of Zoology
Field Museum of Natural History
1400 South Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
U.S.A.
Accepted October 23, 2002 BIOLOGY LIBRARY
Published January 30, 2004 BURRILL HALL
Publication 1527 A __ ,, -
SEP 1 2004
PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
2004 Field Museum of Natural History
ISSN 0015-0754
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Acknowledgments 2
The synonymies follow:
I. Order Didelphimorphia 4
Family Didelphidae Gray, 1821 4
Subfamily Caluromyinae Kirsch, 1977 4
Genus Caluromys J. A. Allen, 1900 4
Caluromys derbianus (Waterhouse, 1 84 1 ) 4
Caluromys lanatus (Olfers, 1818) 8
Caluromys philander (Linnaeus, 1758) 12
Genus Caluromysiops, Sanborn, 1951 14
Caluromysiops irrupta Sanborn, 1951 14
Genus Glironia Thomas, 1912 14
Glironia venusta Thomas, 1912 14
Subfamily Didelphinae Gray, 1821 16
Genus Chironectes Illiger, 1811 16
Chironectes minimus (Zimmermann, 1780) 17
Genus Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 22
Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1841 22
Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826 30
Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 31
Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792 40
Genus Gracilinanus Gardner and Creighton, 1989 41
Gracilinanus aceramarcae (Tate, 1 93 1 ) 41
Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854) 41
Gracilinanus dryas (Thomas, 1898) 44
Gracilinanus emiliae (Thomas, 1909) 46
Gracilinanus marica (Thomas, 1898) 47
Gracilinanus microtarsus (Wagner, 1842) 48
Gracilinanus perijae Hershkovitz, 1 992 49
Genus Hyladelphys (Voss, 2001) 49
Hyladelphys kalinowskii (Hershkovitz, 1992) 49
Genus Lestodelphys Tate, 1934 49
Lestodelphys halli (Thomas, 1921) 50
Genus Lutreolina Thomas, 1910 50
Lutreolina crassicaudata (Desmarest, 1804) 51
Genus Marmosa Gray, 1821 54
Marmosa andersoni Pine, 1972 56
Marmosa canescens (J. A. Allen, 1893) 58
Marmosa lepida (Thomas, 1888) 59
Marmosa mexicana Merriam, 1897 59
Marmosa murina (Linnaeus, 1758) 60
Marmosa robinsoni Bangs, 1898 65
Marmosa rubra Tate, 1931 68
Marmosa tyleriana Tate, 1931 68
Marmosa xerophila Handley and Gordon, 1979 69
Genus Marmosops Matschie, 1916 69
Marmosops bishopi (Pine, 1981) 69
Marmosops cracens Handley and Gordon, 1979 70
Marmosops dorothea (Thomas, 1911) 70
Marmosops fuscatus (Thomas, 1896) 71
Marmosops handleyi Pine, 1981 74
Marmosops impavidus (Tschudi, 1844) 74
Marmosops incanus (Lund, 1840) 77
Marmosops invictus (Goldman, 1912) 79
Marmosops juninensis (Tate. 1 93 1 ) 80
Marmosops neblina (Gardner, 1990) 80
Marmosops noctivagus (Tschudi, 1845) 80
Marmosops panidens (Tate, 1 93 1 ) 83
Marmosops paulensis (Tate, 1 93 1 ) 85
Marmosops pinheiroi (Pine, 1981) 85
Genus Metachirus Burmeister, 1854 86
Metachirus nudicaudatus (E. Geoffrey, 1 803) 87
Genus Micoureus Lesson, 1842 92
Micoureus alstoni (J. A. Allen, 1900) 93
Micoureus constantiae (Thomas, 1904) 93
Micoureus demerarae (Thomas, 1905) 95
Micoureus regina (Thomas. 1898) 100
Genus Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 [1829] 101
Monodelphis adusta (Thomas, 1897) 102
Monodelphis americana (Mullen 1776) 102
Monodelphis brevicaudata (Erxleben, 1777) 104
Monodelphis brevicaudis Olfers. 1818 107
Monodelphis dimidiata (Wagner, 1847) 107
Monodelphis domestica (Wagner, 1 842) 110
Monodelphis emiliae (Thomas, 1912) Ill
Monodelphis glirina (Wagner, 1 842) Ill
Monodelphis iheringi (Thomas, 1 888) 113
Monodelphis kunsi Pine, 1975 114
Monodelphis maraxina Thomas, 1 923 114
Monodelphis osgoodi Doutt, 1 938 114
Monodelphis palliolata (Osgood, 1914) 116
Monodelphis rubida (Thomas, 1 899) 117
Monodelphis scalops (Thomas, 1 888) 118
Monodelphis sorex (Hensel, 1 872) 118
Monodelphis theresa Thomas, 1921 120
Monodelphis unistriata (Wagner, 1842) 120
Genus Philander Brisson, 1 762 121
Philander andersoni (Osgood, 1913) 1 22
Philander frenata (Olfers, 1818) 124
Philander mcilhennyi Gardner and Patton, 1 972 127
Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1 758) 1 29
Genus Thylamys Gray, 1843 137
Thylamys elegans (Waterhouse, 1839) 137
Thylamys macrura (Olfers, 1818) 139
Thylamys pallidior (Thomas, 1902) 140
Thylamys pusilla (Desmarest, 1 804) 143
Thylamys velutinus (Wagner, 1842) 145
Thylamys venustus (Thomas, 1902) 145
II. Order Paucituberculata 147
Family Caenolestidae Trouessart, 1898 147
Genus Caenolestes Thomas, 1895 147
Caenolestes caniventer Anthony, 192 1 147
Caenolestes condorensis Albuja and Patterson, 1996 148
Caenolestes convelatus Anthony, 1924 148
Caenolestes fuliginosus (Tomes, 1863) 148
Genus Lestoros Oehser, 1 934 151
Lestoros inca (Thomas, 1917) 151
Genus Rhyncholestes Osgood, 1924 152
Rhyncholestes raphanurus Osgood, 1924 152
III. Order Microbiotheria 153
Family Microbiotheriidae Ameghino, 1887 153
Genus Dromiciops Thomas, 1894 153
Dromiciops gliroides Thomas, 1894 153
Literature Cited 156
Gazetteer of Collecting Localities 176
List of Maps
1 . Distribution of the genus Caluromys in Central America 4
2. Distribution of the genus Caluromys in southern Central America 5
3. Distribution of Caluromys derbianus in Central America and
South America 7
4. Distribution of Caluromys lanatus 11
5. Distribution of Caluromys philander 15
6. Distribution of Caluromysiops irrupta 16
7. Distribution of Glironia venusta 17
8. Distribution of Chironectes minimus in Central America 20
9. Distribution of Chironectes minimus in South America 21
10. Distribution of the genus Didelphis in Central America 23
1 1 . Distribution of the genus Didelphis in southern Central and South America ... 24
12. Distribution of Didelphis albiventris in South America 28
1 3. Distribution of Didelphis aurita in South America 32
14. Distribution of Didelphis marsupialis in Central America 36
15. Distribution of Didelphis marsupialis in South America 37
1 6. Distribution of the genus Gracilinanus 42
1 7. Distribution of Gracilinanus aceramarcae 43
1 8. Distribution of Gracilinanus agilis 45
19. Distribution of Gracilinanus dryas 46
20. Distribution of Gracilinanus emiliae 47
2 1 . Distribution of Gracilinanus marica 48
22. Distribution of Gracilinanus microtarsus 50
23. Distribution of Gracilinanus perijae 51
24. Distribution of Hyladelphys kalinowskii 52
25. Distribution of Lestodelphys halli 53
26. Distribution of Lutreolina crassicaudata 55
27. Distribution of the genus Marmosa in Central America 56
28. Distribution of the genus Marmosa in South America 57
29. Distribution of Marmosa andersoni 58
30. Distribution of Marmosa canescens 59
3 1 . Distribution of Marmosa lepida 60
32. Distribution of Marmosa mexicana 61
33. Distribution of Marmosa murina 66
34. Distribution of Marmosa robinsoni 69
35. Distribution of Marmosa rubra 70
36. Distribution of Marmosa tyleriana 71
37. Distribution of Marmosa xerophila 72
38. Distribution of the genus Marmosops 73
39. Distribution of Marmosops bishopi 74
40. Distribution of Marmosops cracens 75
41. Distribution of Marmosops dorothea 76
42. Distribution of Marmosops fuscatus 77
43. Distribution of Marmosops handleyi 78
44. Distribution of Marmosops impavidus 79
45. Distribution of Marmosops incanus 80
46. Distribution of Marmosops invictus 81
47. Distribution of Marmosops juninensis 82
48. Distribution of Marmosops nebllna 83
49. Distribution of Marmosops noctivagus 84
50. Distribution of Marmosops parvidens 85
5 1 . Distribution of Marmosops paulensis 86
52. Distribution of Marmosops pinheiroi 87
53. Distribution of Metachirus nudicaudatus 90
54. Distribution of the genus Micoureus 94
55. Distribution of Micoureus alstoni 95
56. Distribution of Micoureus constantiae 96
57. Distribution of Micoureus demerarae 99
58. Distribution of Micoureus regina 101
59. Distribution of the genus Monodelphis 103
60. Distribution of Monodelphis adusta 1 04
61. Distribution of Monodelphis americana 105
62. Distribution of Monodelphis brevicaudata 1 08
63. Distribution of Monodelphis brevicaudis 1 09
64. Distribution of Monodelphis dimidiata 110
65. Distribution of Monodelphis domestica 112
66. Distribution of Monodelphis emiliae 113
67. Distribution of Monodelphis iheringi 114
68. Distribution of Monodelphis kunsi 115
69. Distribution of Monodelphis maraxina 116
70. Distribution of Monodelphis osgoodi 117
7 1 . Distribution of Monodelphis palliolata 118
72. Distribution of Monodelphis rubida 119
73. Distribution of Monodelphis scalops 120
74. Distribution of Monodelphis sorex 121
75. Distribution of Monodelphis theresa 122
76. Distribution of Monodelphis unistriata 123
77. Distribution of the genus Philander in Central America 124
78. Distribution of the genus Philander in South America 125
79. Distribution of Philander andersoni 126
80. Distribution of Philander frenata 128
8 1 . Distribution of Philander mcilhennyi 1 29
82. Distribution of Philander opossum in Central America 134
83. Distribution of Philander opossum in South America 135
84.
85.
86.
87.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
88. Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
of the genus Thylamys 138
of Thylamys elegans 139
of Thylamys macrura 140
of Thylamys pallidior 142
of Thylamys pusilla 144
of Thylamys velutinus 146
of Thylamys venustus 148
of the genus Caenolestes 1 49
of Caenolestes caniventer 150
of Caenolestes condorensis 151
of Caenolestes convelatus 152
of Caenolestes fuliginosus 153
of Lestoros inca 1 54
of Rhyncholestes raphanurus 155
of Dromiciops gliroides 156
VII
Atlas of New World Marsupials
Barbara E. Brown
Introduction
Recent Neotropical marsupials now include
three orders and at least 21 genera and 83 species.
New species are still being discovered, and most
groups stand in need of taxonomic revisions.
New World marsupials range from Canada to
Argentina and from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Ocean. They inhabit every major biome, and a
wide range of habitat types within them. Never-
theless, their distributions are not well document-
ed, and detailed taxonomic history and locality
data have not previously been available in one
publication. This atlas is intended fill that gap.
The work was started in 1992 under the direc-
tion of Philip Hershkovitz. Its modest goal was to
determine whether Didelphis marsupialis and D.
albiventris were anywhere sympatric. In Brazil,
we found that even when the same localities were
given for the two species, their elevational ranges
differed, and, in the few cases where they were
the same, the habitat was severely disturbed. Un-
der Hershkovitz's aegis, the work grew to include
the distribution of all the marsupials of South
America, and then Central America and Mexico.
Maps of locality records were also made only to
the species level. Range maps can be found in the
following publications: Emmons and Feer (1990),
Streilein (1982a), and Ojeda and Giannoni (1997,
draft copy). However, unpublished works by
Hershkovitz (1997) and Patterson and Albuja
were available to me in manuscript form and are
included in pertinent accounts. Because Didelphis
virginiana occurs from southern Canada south to
northwestern Costa Rica, and because there are so
many locality records, I decided not to include a
range map of them. For a full account of the ge-
nus Didelphis in North and Central America, see
Gardner (1973). The cutoff date for included ci-
tations is 31 December 2001.
The nomenclature and taxonomy of Gardner
(1993) were followed except in the following in-
stances. Hershkovitz recognized Monodelphis
brevicaudis as a distinct species (see remarks un-
der synonymy), whereas Gardner omitted this
species completely. Voss et al. (2001) recognized
Monodelphis glirina and Monodelphis palliolata
as distinct species, and Gardner listed them under
M. hrevicaudata. Gardner recognized five species
of Thylamys. Subsequent accounts list six; how-
ever, the specific taxonomy of this genus is un-
settled (see Flores et al., 2000, and Mares and
Braun, 2000). Since 1993, one new genus, Hyla-
delphys, and 1 1 new species have been described;
they are Caenolestes condorensis, Hyladelphys
kalinowskii, Marmosops bishopi, Marmosops neb-
Una, Marmosops paulensis, Marmosops pinheiroi,
Monodelphis glirina, Monodelphis palliolata,
Philander frenata, Philander mcilhennyi, and
Thylamys venustus. Under Metachirus, Hershko-
vitz had Didelphis nudicaudatus E. Geoffroy
(1803) (by subsequent designation [Thomas,
1888]) as type species, not Didelphis myosuros
Temminck (1824-1827) in Gardner (see synony-
my for Metachirus); Grubb (2001:41) proposed
that Geoffroy (1803) be placed on the Official List
of the Works Approved as Available for Zoolog-
ical Nomenclature.
Names listed here were excluded by Gardner as
nomena nuda. The following differences between
Hershkovitz's unpublished notes and personal
communications and Gardner (1993) are also not-
ed. Under Lutreolina, Hershkovitz listed Didel-
phis macroura Desmoulins, 1824:492 (= Didel-
phis macroura Illiger, 1815:107), nomen nudum,
and Didelphis mustelina Waterhouse, 1846:497-
499 (nomen nudum) as synonyms; Gardner did
not list them. Under Marmosa, Hershkovitz listed
Marmosa phaea, J. A. Allen, 1912a: 17 (part, not
Thomas, misidentification), as a synonym of M.
robinsoni, and Marmosa murina zeledoni J. A.
Allen, 1912a:73 (not Goldman, misidentification)
as a synonym of M. robinsoni, while Gardner did
not list them. Hershkovitz assigned Caluromys
(Micoureus) antioquiae Matschie, 1917:28, to C.
derbianus, Gardner to C. lanatus. Under Caluro-
mys philander, Hershkovitz listed V. [sic =
D(idelphis)] flavescens Brongniart, 1792:115,
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, N.S., NO. 102, JANUARY 30, 2004, PP. 1-308
whereas Gardner excluded it as a nomen nudum;
Hershkovitz listed Didelphys macrura Pelzeln,
1883:111, while Gardner did not; Hershkovitz
listed D[idelphys] longicaudatci Pelzeln, 1883:
111, and [Didelphys {Philander)] longicauda
Trouessart, 1898:1237, but Gardner excluded the
former as a nomen nudum and the latter as a lap-
sus.
Locality records have been gathered from pub-
lications and from specimens in certain museums.
The following sources for the coordinates of each
locality are Geonet; the United States Board on
Geographic Names (1955-1983); the series of or-
nithological gazetteers published by Paynter
(1982-1994), Paynter and Tray lor (1981-1991),
and Stephens and Traylor (1983-1985); Hanson
(1945); Gardner (1973); Willet (1987); Handley
(1976); published articles on species containing
coordinates of collected localities; Hershkovitz
(1977); various cited records; and the working re-
cords of Hershkovitz compiled over a span of 60
years. The latter are part of the Field Museum of
Natural History Division of Mammals archives.
Authors cited in the synonymies are listed in
the bibliography. Also listed in the synonymies
are additional previously unpublished locality re-
cords for all species except those of Gracilinamis,
Marmosa, Marmosops, Micoureus, Monodelphis,
and Thylamys.
On the maps, solid circles denote the localities
for which there are published records, and open
circles denote the additional (unpublished) re-
cords.
Under each locality name in the Gazetteer, geo-
graphic coordinates and elevations, where known,
are given.
The following abbreviations are used:
AMNH American Museum of Natural History,
New York
BMNH Natural History Museum, London
EPN Ciencias Biologicas, Escuela Politec-
nica Nacional, Quito
FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chi-
cago
KU University of Kansas, Natural History
Museum, Lawrence
LACM Los Angeles County Museum, Los
Angeles
LSUMZ Louisiana State University Museum of
Zoology. Baton Rouge
MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard University, Cambridge
MMNH Bell Museum of Natural History, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, St. Paul
MMP Museo Municipal de Ciencias Natura-
les "Lorenzo Scaglia" de Mar del Pla-
ta, Mar del Plata
MNRJ Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro
MPEG Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem
MVZ University of California, Museum of
Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley
MZUSP Museu de Zoologia de Universidad de
Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
RMNH Rijksmuseum van Naturlijke Historic
Leiden
UMMZ University of Michigan, Museum of
Zoology, Ann Arbor
USNM United States National Museum,
Washington, D.C.
UV Departmento de Zoologia, Universidad
del Valle, Cali
ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und
Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn
ZMB Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-
Universitat, Berlin
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank the following persons and in-
stitutions for lists of specimens in their marsupial
collections: Dr. Robert M. Timm, University of
Kansas; Dr. James L. Patton, Museum of Verte-
brate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley;
Dr. Charles O. Handley, Jr., United States Nation-
al Museum; Dr. Mark S. Hafner, Museum of Nat-
ural Science; Louisiana State University Museum;
Dr. Robert S. Voss, American Museum of Natural
History; and Dr. Philip Myers of the University
of Michigan. The assistance of Eunice Hoshizaki
for typing the manuscript and helping in editing
and proofreading and C. Victoria Ramos for ini-
tially generating the maps using ArcView was
deeply appreciated. Lucia Luna provided me with
exceptional help in research and editing the man-
uscript and helped eliminate many editorial short-
comings. Steven Foldi generated new maps for
the final revision and provided further typing and
proofreading. I found truly helpful the comments
and corrections of Dr. Alfred L. Gardner of the
Smithsonian Institution and Dr. Robert M. Timm
of the University of Kansas. The insight, encour-
agement, editorial help, and reading of this work
by Dr. Jack Fooden and especially Dr. Bruce D.
Patterson of the Field Museum were invaluable. I
am most grateful for the aid, advice, and encour-
agement of the late Philip Hershkovitz, without
whose prodding this project would never have
been started or completed.
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Lutreolina crassicaudata Thomas
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
L Order Didelphimorphia
Family Didelphidae Gray, 1821
Subfamily Caluromyinae Kirsch, 1977
Genus Caluromys J. A. Allen, 1900
Sarigua Muirhead, 1819:429 part, S. cayopollin list-
ed among included species.
Asagis and Notagogus Gloger, 1842:82 type by
monotypy the Cayopollin - Caluromys philander.
Notagogus Gloger, 1842:82 name preoccupied by
Notagogus Agassiz, 1833, an extinct genus of fish
of the family Macrosemiidae.
Philander: Burmeister, 1856:74 (not Brisson, 1762)
included species: Philander cayopollin Burmeister
(not Schreber) [= Caluromys philander Linnaeus],
Philander dichura [= Caluromys philander Lin-
naeus]; generic name a homonym of Philander Tie-
demann, 1808, the four-eyed pouched opossum.
Thomas, 1888:336 subgenus of Didelphys; type
species, D. philander Linnaeus. J. A. Allen, 1911:
246 attributed to Brisson, a nonbinomialist, with
type Didelphis philander; Caluromys J. A. Allen in
synonymy. Thomas, 1920a: 195, footnote type
species, Philander philander, by tautonomy. Hop-
wood, 1947:535 Philander Brisson rejected, ge-
neric name attributed to Gronovius, 1763, a non-
binomialist. Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Caluromys J. A. Allen, 1900b: 189. Gardner, 1993:
15 listed.
Mallodelphys Thomas, 1920a: 195, footnote replace-
ment name for Micoureus Lesson, 1 842 sensu Mat-
schie, 1916, type, Didelphis lanigera Desmarest [ =
Caluromys lanatus Olfers]. Gardner, 1993:15 list-
ed.
Mallodelphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:353 unjustified
emendation of Mallodelphys Thomas; included
species: Mallodelphis lanigera.
Type Species Didelphis philander Linnaeus,
by original designation.
Distribution (Figs. 1 and 2) Forested tropi-
cal zones of the Americas from southern Mexico
through Central America and South America to
Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on the
south and east; the Pacific coast of Ecuador and
Colombia to the west of the Andes; and the is-
lands of Trinidad and Margarita.
Caluromys derbianus (Waterhouse, 1841)
Didelphvs derbianus (Waterhouse, 1841:97). Water-
house, 1846:493. Alston, 1882:199 distribution
(Nicaragua to Peru). Gardner, 1983:15 listed.
[Didelphys] derbianus: J. A. Allen, 1904a:57 (in
text) COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (Rio Cau-
quita, Rio Cauca valley).
Caluromys derbianus: J. A. Allen, 1900a: 189 clas-
sification. Loftin, 1965:83 PANAMA: Veraguas
Fig. 1 . Distribution of the genus Caluromys in Central America: southern Mexico through Panama. See Figure
2 for distribution in South America.
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20 10
Fig. 2. Distribution of the genus Caluromys in southern Central America and South America: from Belize,
including islands of Trinidad and Margarita, south to southern Paraguay and southern Brazil. See Figure 1 for
distribution in Central America.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
(Santiago). Handley, 1966: 755 PANAMA: Bo-
cas del Torn (Cayo de Agua; Isla Bastimentos);
Chiriqui (Divala; Isla Brava); Veraguas (Isla Ce-
baco; Santa Fe); Los Santos (Guanico); Panama
(Panama Viejo); Herrera (Parita). Reig et al., 1977:
212 COSTA RICA: Cartago (Pacuare, Rio Pac-
uare). Steiner, 1981:506 PANAMA: Colon/Pan-
ama (Isla Barro Colorado [= Barro Colorado]).
Timm, 1989:15 COSTA RICA: Heredia (Finca
La Selva). Albuja, 1992:124 ECUADOR: Man-
abi (Cerro Pata de Pajaro); Los Rfos (Jauneche).
Emmons and Albuja, 1992:120 ECUADOR:
Guayas-Manabi (Parque Nacional Machalilla).
[Didelphis (Micoureus)] derbianus: Matschie, 1916:
269 taxonomy. Matschie, 1917:292 synonyms;
pictus Thomas, pyrrhus Thomas.
Ph[ilander] l[aniger] derbianus: Thomas, 1913b:
358 holotype in Liverpool Museum; COLOM-
BIA: Valle del Cauca (Rio Cauca Valley).
Caluromys derbianus derbianus: Cabrera, 1958:2
classification. Hall and Kelson, 1959:18 COSTA
RICA: Tabernilla [Tabernilla is in Panama, Pana-
ma].
[Didelphis (Philander)] derbyana: Trouessart, 1898:
1238 incorrect subsequent spelling of derbiana,
in synonymy of [Didelphis (Philander)] lanigera.
Caluromys (Mallodelphis) derbiana: Gilmore, 1941:
318 distribution.
Didelphys lanigera: Thomas, 1888b:339 PANA-
MA: Panama (Chepo); COLOMBIA: Antioquia
(Medellfn); ECUADOR: Guayas [now in Manabi]
(Balzar Mountains [= Montanas de Balzar]).
Philander laniger: Pocock, 1913:1094 COLOM-
BIA: Valle del Cauca (Buenaventura).
Philander laniger guayanus Thomas, 1899b:286
ECUADOR: Guayas [now in Manabi] (type local-
ity, Balzar Mountains [= Montanas de Balzar]; ho-
lotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH 80.5.6.87; col-
lected by Illingworth). Lonnberg, 1921:69 EC-
UADOR: Pichincha (Rio Mindo). Gardner, 1993:
15 listed.
Caluromys laniger guayanus: J. A. Allen, 1900a:
1 89 taxonomy.
P[hilander] l[aniger] guayanus: Thomas, 1913b:
358 ECUADOR: (western).
[Didelphis (Micoureus)] guayanus: Matschie, 1916:
269 taxonomy.
Philander centralis Hollister, 1914: 103 COSTA
RICA: Limon (type locality, Talamanca; holotype,
female, USNM 12218/38522, collected by W. M.
Gabb). Harris, 1943:7 COSTA RICA: Limon
(Talamanca [= Sipurio]). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Caluromys laniger centralis: Harris, 1943:6 COS-
TA RICA: Limon (Sipurio, 15 mi from Caribbean
coast).
Caluromys derbianus centralis: Hall and Kelson,
1959:17 COSTA RICA: Cartago (type locality, 5
km SE of Turrialba, 1950 ft [= 610 m], KU 26923).
[Didelphis (Micoureus)] canus Matschie, 1917:284
NICARAGUA (type locality). Gardner, 1993:15
listed.
[Didelphis (Micoureus)] antioquiae Matschie, 1917:
286 COLOMBIA: Antioquia (type locality, Ca-
ceres, Rio Cauca; holotype, juvenile female, ZMB
5538/26753; collected by Grosskopf).
Philander laniger pallidas Thomas, 1899b:286
PANAMA: Chiriqui (type locality, Bugaba; holo-
type, male, BMNH, collected 12 October 1895 by
H. J. Watson). Hall and Kelson, 1959:18 NICA-
RAGUA; COSTA RICA: San Jose (Fuentes); Pun-
tarenas (Puerto Cortez); Cartago (Irazu); PANA-
MA: Chiriqui (Boqueron; Bugaba). Gardner, 1993:
15 listed.
Caluromys laniger pallidus: J. A. Allen, 1910:92
NICARAGUA: Matagalpa (Matagalpa).
Caluromys derbianus pallidus: Goodwin, 1946:285
COSTA RICA: San Jose (Fuentes); Cartago (Ira-
zii); Puntarenas (Boruca; Puerto Cortez); PANA-
MA: Chiriqui (Boqueron). Hall and Kelson, 1959:
18 NICARAGUA: Matagalpa (Maltagalpa).
Caluromys laniger pyrrhus Thomas, 190 lb: 196
COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (type locality, Rio
Oscuro, near Cali, 1000 m; holotype, male, skin
and skull, BMNH 99.9.6.50; collected June 1898
by J. H. Batty, Parish et al.); ECUADOR: Esmer-
aldas (San Javier, Rio Cachabf). Trouessart, 1910:
A30 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Puente de Ayuri-
quin, on road from Quito to Santo Domingo, 700
m). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
[Didelphis (Micoureus)] pyrrhus: Matschie, 1916:
269 taxonomy.
Philander laniger senex Thomas, 1913c:573 EC-
UADOR: Pichincha (type locality, Mindo, 4200 ft
[= 1300 m]; holotype, female, skin and skull,
BMNH 13.10.24.75; collected 25 June 1913 by
Gilbert Hammond). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
[Didelphis (Micoureus)] senex: Matschie, 1916:269
taxonomy.
Philander laniger pictus Thomas, 1913b:360 CO-
LOMBIA: Caldas [now Risaralda] (type locality,
Apia, Rfo Apia, Rio Cauca valley, 5000 ft [= 1560
m]; holotype, female, skin and skull, BMNH
10.7.16.5; collected 10 November 1909 by M. G.
Palmer); ECUADOR: Esmeraldas (San Javier).
Lonnberg, 1921:68 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Pae-
to, below Gualea, 3000 ft [= 930 m]). Gardner,
1993:15 listed.
[Didelphis (Micoureus)] pictus: Matschie, 1916:
269 taxonomy.
[Didelphis (Micoureus)] pulcher Matschie, 1917:
281 (type locality unknown; holotype, female,
skin and skull, ZMB 20467/8; purchased alive from
dealer Rath in Hamburg and died 17 February 1915
in Berlin Zoological Gardens). Gardner, 1993:15
listed.
Philander laniger aztecus Thomas, 1913b:359
MEXICO: Veracruz-Llave (type locality, San Juan
de la Punta; holotype, female, BMNH 94.12.18.28,
received from the Museo Nacional, Mexico); Ta-
basco (Teapa). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Caluromys derbianus aztecus: Hall and Kelson, 1959:
17 MEXICO: Veracruz-Llave (Jesus Carranza;
Teapa; San Juan de la Punta).
Philander laniger nauticus Thomas, 1913b:359
PANAMA: Veraguas (type locality, Isla Goberna-
dora; holotype, male, BMNH 03.3.1.124, collected
by J. H. Batty). Goldman, 1920:55 PANAMA:
Chiriqui (Isla Brava; Isla Parida); Veraguas (type
locality, Isla Cebaco). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Philander laniger fervidus Thomas, 191 3b:359
Type locality, GUATEMALA (holotype probably
from lowlands of east-central Guatemala or north-
F1ELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
30
20'
10
Caluromys derbianus
Fig. 3. Distribution of Caluromys derbianus: from southern Mexico through Panama in Central America and
from western Colombia and western Ecuador in South America, o = localities from unpublished records; = localities
given in published records.
ern Honduras according to Goodwin, 1942:1 14; ho-
lotype, female, BMNH 1906.10.22.1, collected by
J. Rodriguez). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Caluromys derbianus fervidus: Goodwin, 1942:1 14
HONDURAS: Yoro (Catacamas; Chamelecon; lla-
ma). Hershkovitz, 1951:552 BELIZE: Cayo (Ka-
tes Lagoon). Hall and Kelson, 1952:325 HON-
DURAS: Cortes (San Pedro Sula).
Holotype Originally in Lord Derby's Muse-
um but now in the Liverpool Museum (cf. Thom-
as, 1913b:358).
Type Locality Fixed by Cabrera, 1957:2, as
Valle del Cauca, Colombia (type locality fixation
incorrectly attributed to J. A. Allen, 1904a:57, in
text).
Distribution (Fig. 3) Forests of Mexico
through Central America to western Colombia
and western Ecuador.
Additional Records MEXICO: Veracruz-
Llave; Motzorongo (1935, USNM); San Andres
Tuxtla (Dalquest, 1948, KU); Tabasco; Balancan
(Lay, 1960, LSUMZ); La Venta (Weber, 1943,
USNM); Campeche; Escarcega, near (Clifton,
1963, KU); Chiapas; Palenque (Kuns, 1949,
FMNH); BELIZE: Cayo; Baking Pot (Disney,
1964, FMNH); HONDURAS: Yoro; Agua Color-
ada (Stadelman, 1939, FMNH); NICARAGUA:
Matagalpa; Muy Muy (Alcorn, 1956, KU); Es-
quipulas (Choate, 1968, KU; Jones, Jr., 1968, KU;
Smith, 1968, KU); Chinandega; Hacienda Bella-
vista, Volcan Casita (Lawlor, 1966, KU; Turner,
1966, KU); Hacienda San Isidro (Genoways,
1967, KU); Boaco; Boaco, near Santa Rosa (Gen-
oways, 1967, KU; Kirsch, 1987, KU; Phillips,
1967, KU; Smith, 1967, KU); Los Cocos, 14 km
S of Boaco (Choate, 1968, KU; Kirsch 1968, KU;
Phillips, 1968, KU); Tuestepe [= Teustepe] (Phil-
lips, 1968, KU); Managua; Finca America (Bosh-
ell, 1953, USNM); Managua (Alcorn, 1956, KU;
Kellers, USNM); Sabana Grande (Choate, 1968,
KU; Genoways, 1967, 1968, KU; Jones, Jr., 1964,
KU; Lawler, 1964, KU; McGee, 1968, KU;
Schlitter, 1967, KU; Smith, 1964, KU); Masaya;
Masaya (Alcorn, 1956, KU); Zelaya; El Recreo
(Schlitter, 1966, KU); Choluteca; Diriamba (Gen-
oways, 1967, KU; Kirsch, 1968, KU; Phillips,
1967, KU); Granada; Finca Santa Cecilia (For-
man, 1966, KU; Lawlor, 1966, KU; Turner, 1966,
KU); La Calera, Nandaime (Clark, 1964, KU;
Clark, 1964, USNM); Mecatepe, Nandaime
(Clark, 1964, KU; Clark, 1964, USNM); Rivas;
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
Rivas (Jones, Jr., 1964, KU); Finca Amayo, 13 km
E of Rivas (Forman, 1966, KU; Lawler, 1966,
KU; Turner. 1966, KU); Sapoa (Jones. Jr.. 1964,
KU); COSTA RICA: Cartago; San Juan (Zele-
don. 1978. USNM); Guanacaste; Finca Jimenez.
0.5 mi E. not located (Hooper. 1996. UMMZ):
Puntarenas; Dominical. 0.5 mi N (Musser. 1962.
UMMZ); San Jose: Monterrey. 22 km S of San
Jose (Willie. 1947, KU): Santa Ana, 2 km N
(Gardner. 1967. LSUMZ): Finca Lornessa. 2 km
NW of Santa Ana (McPherson. 1970. LSUMZ);
San Ignacio (1931. USNM); Caspirola (McPher-
son. 1966, LSUMZ); Limdn; Fortuna. Pandora
(Setzer. 1949. USNM): Finca La Lola, 50 m, not
located (Huckaby, 1964. LSUMZ); PANAMA:
Bocas del Toro; Sibube (Handley. 1963. USNM):
Rio Changuinola (Barrett, 1962, USNM): Chan-
guinola (Handley. 1960. USNM); Boca del Drago
(Handley. 1960. USNM): La Gruta. Isla Colon
(Greenwell. 1988. USNM); Long Bay. Isla Bas-
timentos (Handley. 1963. USNM); Almirante
(Handley. 1960. USNM); Salt Creek, Isla Basti-
mentos (Handley, 1963. USNM; Jacobs. 1987.
USNM); Old Point. Isla Bastimentos (Handley.
1963. USNM); Cedar Creek, Isla Bastimentos
(Handley, 1963, USNM): Bocatorito, Isla San
Cristobal (Greenwell. 1989. USNM): Cuan Creek
(Greenwell. 1989. USNM); Punta Alegre. Penin-
sula Valiente (Greenwell. 1990. USNM); Sum-
wood Channel, Isla Popa (Greenwell. 1991.
USNM); Isla Escudo de Veraguas (Greenwell.
1990. USNM; Handley, 1991. USNM; Nelson.
1991. USNM); Bisira (Handley. 1993. USNM);
Cerro Chucanti. not located (Wetmore. 1950.
USNM); Chiriqui; Progreso (Greenwell. 1966.
USNM); Guabala (Tyson, 1961, USNM); Los
Santos; Las Palmitas (Handley. 1962, USNM);
Colon; Fort Sherman. Camp Pina (1955. 1956.
USNM; Fleming. 1966. USNM); France Field
(1956. USNM); Fort Gulick (Keenen. 1961.
USNM); Fort Davis (Keenen. 1953, USNM; Setz-
er, 1953. USNM); Frijoles. Bahia Peninsula (Pine.
1972, USNM); Las Cascadas (Enders. 1932.
USNM); Panama; Tabernilla (Goldman. 1911.
USNM): Gamboa (Koford. 1956. USNM); Sum-
mit (Keenen. 1955. USNM); Chiva-Chiva (Kee-
nen. 1952. USNM); Fort Clayton (Keenen. 1955.
USNM); Albrook (Keenen. 1954, USNM); Cu-
rundu (Setzer. 1953. USNM): Fort Kobbe (1954.
USNM: Keenen. 1955. USNM); Panama City
(Russell. 1967. USNM); Arraijan (Mendez. 1959.
USNM); La Chorera (Zetek. USNM); La Men-
doxa. not located (Handley. 1958, USNM); 5a/;
Bias; Armila. Quebrada Venado (Handley. 1963.
USNM); Darien; Cana (Goldman. 1912, USNM);
El Real (Handley. 1964. USNM); Tacarcuna
(Handley. 1959. USNM); Cerro Tacarcuna (Han-
dley. 1964, USNM); Rio Pucro, head, Cerro Mali
(Handley. 1964. USNM); Jaque. Rio Imamado
(Handley. 1966. USNM): COLOMBIA: Turreke.
not located (Buckow. USNM); Choco; Unguia
(Hershkovitz, 1950. FMNH); Cordoba; Rio Nam
(Hershkovitz, 1949. FMNH): Valle del Cauea;
Virology Field Camp. Rio Raposo (Duran. 1962.
USNM"); ECUADOR: hnbabura; Hacienda Par-
amba (Mena. 1941. FMNH); Bolivar; Balzapam-
ba (Clarke-Macintyre. 1938, MVZ).
Caluromys ktnatus (Olfers, 1818)
Didelphis Cayopollin et Didelphis Dorsigera Moreau
Saint-Mery (not authors). 1801, in Azara:275
misidentification of "Micoure second ou Micoure
Laineux."
Lanoso. Azara. 1802:221.
Didelphis cayopollin: Fischer (not "Der Kayopollin"
of Schreber). 1813:580 misidentification of mi-
coure second of Moreau-Saint-Mery in Azara
(1801:275).
[Didelphis] lanata Illiger. 1815:107 nomen nudum.
D[idelphys] lanata: Olfers. 1818:206. Gardner. 1993:
15 listed, synonymy.
P[= Caluromys] Lanata: Hershkovitz. 1951:552
comparison; laniger Desmarest. a synonym.
Caluromys lanatus: Yunis et al.. 1972:265 CO-
LOMBIA: Mela (Rio Ocoa. near, on the Villavi-
cencio-Acacias Road). Reig et al.. 1977:195. 212
PERU: Ucayali (Balta. Rio Curanja); Loreto (Yar-
inacocha [now in Ucayali]). Terborgh et al.. 1984:
1 PERU: Madre de Dios (Cocha Cashu Biologi-
cal Station. Manu National Park [= Parque Na-
cional del Manu]). Gardner. 1988:695 VENE-
ZUELA: Amazonas (Base Camp. Cerro de La
Neblina). Emmons et al.. 1994:144 PERU: Ma-
dre de Dios (Explorer's Inn Reserve). Emmons et
al.. 1994:146 PERU: Madre de Dios (Puesto San
Antonio). Anderson. 1997:140 BOLIVIA: La Paz
(Alto Rio Madidi). Patton et al.. 2000:85 BRA-
ZIL: Acre (Igarape Porongaba. right bank Rio Ju-
rua; Igarape Porongaba. opposite, left bank Rio Ju-
rua; Flora [= Fazenda Santa Fe]: Nova Vida. right
bank Rio Jurua: Sobral): Amazonas (Sacado: Al-
tamira. right bank Rio Jurua: Altamira. opposite,
left bank Rio Jurua; Barro Vermelho. left bank Rio
Jurua: Ilha Paxiuba. right bank Rio Jurua; Colo-
cacao Vira-Volta. left bank Rio Jurua on Igarape
Arabidi).
Caluromys lanatus lanatus: Hershkovitz. 1959:338.
345 taxonomy. Avila Pires. 1968:163 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Barra do Rio Paraopeba). Crespo.
1974:3 BOLIVIA: Soma Cruz (Buena Vista);
PARAGUAY: Caazapd (Caazapa). Handley. 1976:
5 VENEZUELA: Apure (Nulita; Selvas de San
Camilo. 29 km SSW of Santo Domingo): Zulia (El
Rosario): Trujillo (Valera); Amazonas (San Juan de
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Manapiare; Puerto Ayacucho; Boca Mavaca; Es-
meralda; Belen; Acanana). Massoia et al., 1987:
1 16 ARGENTINA: Misiones (Rio Urugua-i). An-
derson et al., 1993:16 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz
(Buena Vista; Santa Cruz de la Sierra). Avila Pires,
1994:369 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Rio
Cahy [= Cail). Anderson, 1997:1 16 BOLIVIA:
Beni (San Joaquin; Piedras Blancas; Estancia Yu-
tiole, 20 km S of San Joaquin; Los Tajibos, 40 km
E of San Borja); Pando (Isla Gargantua); Santa
Cruz (Buena Vista; Santa Cruz de la Sierra).
Didelphis lanigera Desmarest, 1820:258 name
based on the micoure second ou micoure laineux
of Azara. Jentink, 1887b:302 "Demerara" [=
Peru]. Jentink, 1888:221 PERU: ("Demerara" [=
Peru]). Rennger, 1830:225 PARAGUAY. Gard-
ner, 1993:15 listed.
Didelphys lanigera: Waterhouse, 1841:98. Pelzeln,
1883:113 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Caicara). Jen-
tink, 1887a:225 PERU: Loreto (Samiria). Thom-
as, 1888b:339 PERU: Loreto (Chamicuros); EC-
UADOR: Pastaza (Sarayacu).
D[idelphys] lanigera: Wagner, 1855:233 BRAZIL:
Mato Grosso (Caicara).
Micoureus lanigera: Lesson, 1842:136 classifica-
tion.
Philander lanigera: Burmeister, 1856:88. Bertoni,
1914:69 PARAGUAY: Alto Parana (Puerto Ber-
toni, upper Rio Parana). Bertoni, 1939:7 PARA-
GUAY: Alto Parana (Puerto Bertoni).
[Cuica] lanigera: Liais, 1872:330 classification.
Philander laniger: Winge, 1893:6, 33 incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of lanigera BRAZIL: Minas
Gerais (Lagoa Santa, recent and fossil). Miranda
Ribeiro, 1914:48 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Porto
Espiridao; Salto da Felicidade, Rio Sepotuba). Mi-
randa Ribeiro, 1936:356 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso
(Rio Jauru, upper Rio Paraguay). Vieira, 1955:
347 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Rio Jauru, upper
Rio Paraguay).
Caluromys laniger: J. A. Allen, 1900a: 189 incorrect
subsequent spelling of lanigera taxonomy.
Micoureus laniger: Matschie, 1916:269 incorrect
subsequent spelling of lanigera PARAGUAY:
(type locality, Caazapd, Asuncion [now in Cen-
tral]).
Caluromys {Mallodelphis) laniger: Gilmore, 1941:
317 incorrect subsequent spelling of lanigera
taxonomy.
Philander laniger laniger: Cabrera, 1919:33 incor-
rect subsequent spelling of lanigera Vieira, 1955:
346 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Araraquara).
Caluromys laniger laniger: Vieira, 1949:349 incor-
rect subsequent spelling of lanigera BRAZIL:
Sao Paulo (Araraquara).
Didelphys ochropus Wagner, 1842:359 type locality,
Barra. Wagner, 1850:141 BRAZIL: Amazonas
(type locality, Barra). Wagner, 1847:148 type lo-
cality clarified as BRAZIL: Amazonas, Barra do
Rio Negro. Wagner, 1855:236 BRAZIL: Amazon-
as (type locality, Barra do Rio Negro; holotype,
male, in Vienna Museum, collected 7 November
1825 by Johann Natterer). Pelzeln, 1883:113
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Barra do Rio Negro). Gard-
ner, 1993:15 listed.
Micoureus ochropus: Matschie, 1916:269 taxono-
my.
[Caluromys laniger] ochropus: Thomas, 1901b: 196.
Tate, 1939:163 GUYANA.
Mallodelphis lanigera ochropus: Miranda Ribeiro,
1936:355 BRAZIL: Amazonas (Barra do Rio Ne-
gro).
Caluromys laniger ochropus: Vieira, 1948:272
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Santa Cruz, Rio Eini, tribu-
tary of Rio Jurua; Rio Eini, Rio Jurua; Igarape
Grande, Rio Jurua).
Caluromys lanatus ochropus: Cabrera, 1958:3 (part,
not Wagner, 1842) vitalina, in synonymy only.
Baker, 1974:135 ECUADOR: Napo (Santa Cecil-
ia). Reig et al., 1977:201 PERU: Loreto (Yari-
nacocha [now in Ucayali]). Perez-Hernandez,
1989:375 VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Acanana;
Cacuri; Carlo Cotua, Boca; Parque Nacional Ya-
pacana, Cano; Cano Yagua, Cerro Cucurito; Rio
Cunucunuma; La Esmeralda; Raudal Cerguera; San
Carlos de Rio Negro; Campamanto, La Neblina).
D[idelphys] ornata Tschudi, 1844a: 14, 146, 151.
Tschudi, 1844b:250 PERU: (type locality, tropi-
cal forests of central Peru, between 10 and 20S,
i.e., eastern slope of Andes, in Pasco and Junin;
holotype not known to be in existence). Gardner,
1993:15 listed.
Didelphys ornata: Waterhouse, 1846:525. Tomes,
1860:268 ECUADOR.
Micoureus ornatus: Matschie, 1916:269 taxonomy.
Caluromys derbianus ornatus: J. A. Allen, 1900a:
189 taxonomy.
Ph[ilander] l[anatus] ornatus: Thomas, 1913b:358
classification.
Philander laniger ornatus: Thomas, 1920c:247
PERU: Cusco (Rio Comberciato, 2000 ft [= 625
m]). Thomas, 1927a:373 PERU: San Martin (Yu-
rac Yacu). Thomas, 1928a:265 PERU: Junin
(Chicosa [now in Ucayali], 454 m); Loreto (Masi-
sea [now in Ucayali]). Sanborn, 1949:277 PERU:
Loreto (Yarinacocha [now in Ucayali]; Agua Cal-
iente [now in Hudnuco]).
Caluromys laniger ornatus: Sanborn, 1 95 lb:3
PERU: Cusco (Hacienda Cadena).
Caluromys lanatus ornatus: Cabrera, 1958:3 clas-
sification. Baker, 1974:135 ECUADOR: Sucum-
bios (Santa Cecilia).
D[idelphys] bicolor Schinz, 1844:503, footnote no-
men nudum attributed to Tschudi as ms. name.
Philander cicur Bangs, 1898b: 161 COLOMBIA:
Magdelena (type locality, Santa Marta). Bangs,
1900:90 COLOMBIA: Magdalena (type locality,
northern slope of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta,
above Pueblo Viejo [= Puebloviejo], 4000 ft [ =
1250 m]; holotype, female, skin and skull, MCZ
8114, collected 27 March 1898 by W W Brown;
Palomino, near Santa Marta). Gardner, 1993:15
listed.
Caluromys cicur: J. A. Allen, 1900a: 189. J. A. Allen,
1904d:4 18 COLOMBIA: Magdalena (Minca).
Micoureus cicur: Matschie, 1916:269 taxonomy.
Ph[ilander] l[aniger] cicur: Thomas, 1913b:358
distribution.
Philander laniger cicur: J. A. Allen, 1916a:202 CO-
LOMBIA: Cundinamarca (Tolima, near Bogota).
Anthony, 1923:4 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
(Fusagasuga; Cordillera del Rusio; Vioxa [= Vi-
ola]).
Philander laniger cerca de cicur: Mendez, 1953:82
VENEZUELA: Zulia (Kunana, Sierra de Perija).
Philander laniger cicus: Cabrera, 1958:2 incorrect
subsequent spelling for cicur in synonymy of Cal-
uromys lanatus cicur.
Caluromys lanatus cicur: Cabrera, 1958:2 classifi-
cation; meridensis in synonymy. Mendez, 1953:
82 VENEZUELA: Zulia (Kunana). Perez-Her-
nandez, 1989:377 VENEZUELA: Tdchira (Rio
Burgua; La Frfa, Colonia Agropecuaria del IAN);
Zulia (Kunana; Mision del Tocuco [= Tukuko]);
Barinas (La Lengueta); Apure (Nula); Merida
(Zea).
Philander laniger jivaro Thomas, 1913b:360 EC-
UADOR: Pastaza (type locality, Sarayacu. Rio Bo-
bonaza; holotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH
80.5.6.75; collected by Clarence Buckley; Canelos,
Rfo Bobonaza). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Micoureus juninensis Matschie, 1917:283 PERU:
Junin (type locality, La Merced, 1000 m; holotype,
female, skin and skull, ZMB 26754/55; collected
May 1908 by G. O. Schunke). Gardner, 1993:15
listed.
Micoureus meridensis Matschie, 1917:285 VENE-
ZUELA: Merida (type locality, "Montana de la Si-
erra bei Merida . . . ," 2500 m; holotype, female,
skin and skull, ZMB 26759/26760; collected 28
June 1903 by Sr. Bricefio). Gardner, 1993:15 list-
ed.
Micoureus bartletti Matschie, 1917:288 PERU: Lor-
eto (type locality, Rio Chamicuros, a tributary of
the Maranon between the Ribs Huallaga and Uca-
yali; holotype, juvenile female, skin and skull,
ZMB 4106/26758; collected by E. Bartlett). Gard-
ner, 1993:15 listed.
Micoureus cahyensis Matschie, 1917:288 BRAZIL:
Rio Grande do Sul (type locality, Rio Cahy [ =
Caf]; holotype, juvenile male, skin and skull, ZMB
26756/57; collected by Ehrenreich). Avila Pires,
1987:123 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Rio
Cahy [= Caf]). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Philander calmensis: Vieira, 1955:347 incorrect
subsequent spelling of cahyensis Matschie, 1917.
[Micoureus) nattereri MaiscYnz, 1917:291 BRAZIL:
Mato Grosso (type locality, Caicara; name based
on a female in the Vienna museum collected 7 No-
vember 1825 by Johann Natterer). Gardner, 1993:
15 listed.
Mallodelphis laniger nattereri: Miranda Ribeiro,
1936:356 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Rio Jauru, up-
per Rio Paraguay; Caceres).
Philander laniger nattereri: Vieira, 1955:347 BRA-
ZIL: Mato Grosso (Rio Jauru [erroneously cited as
type locality]).
[^Mallodelphis lanigera hemiura Miranda Ribeiro,
1936:355 [misnumbered 455] (type locality un-
known; holotype, a skin and incomplete skull, Mu-
seu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro).
Mallodelphis lanigera modesta Miranda Ribeiro,
1936:356 BRAZIL: (type locality said to be in
Mato Grosso do Sul, probably Pantanal; holotype,
female, skin and skull, MNRJ; received from the
Zoological Gardens in Rio de Janeiro). Gardner,
1993:15 listed.
Mallodelphis lanigera vitalina Miranda Ribeiro,
1936:355 [misnumbered 455] BRAZIL: Minos
Gerais (type locality, Barra do Rio Paraopeba, Rio
Sao Francisco basin; holotype, female, skin and
skull, MNRJ, collected by Vital Rodriguez de Sou-
za). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Caluromys lanatus vitalina: Avila Pires, 1968:163
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Barra do Rio Paraopeba).
Holotype In alcohol, Museo de Ciencias Na-
turales, Madrid, no. 528; received 22 July 1789;
collected by Felix Azara (cf. Cabrera, 1916:1).
Type Locality Paraguay; Caazapa southeast
of Asuncion and Santa Maria, as restricted by
Matschie (1916:269).
Distribution (Fig. 4) Forests of northern and
central Colombia, northwestern and southern Ve-
nezuela, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, eastern
Bolivia, western and southern Brazil, southern
Paraguay, and Misiones in Argentina.
Additional Records COLOMBIA: Cesar;
Colonia Agricola de Caracolicito (Hershkovitz,
1942, USNM); Magdalena; Hacienda Cincinati,
Santa Marta (Carriker, 1941, USNM); Pueblo Bel-
lo (Hershkovitz, 1942, USNM); La Guajira; Mar-
imonda (= Las Marimondas) (Hershkovitz, 1943,
USNM); Sierra Negra near Villanueva (Hershko-
vitz, 1943, USNM); Cundinamarca; Sasaima
(Adolfo, 1982, USNM; Niceforo Maria, 1940,
USNM); Norte de Santander; Rio Zulia (Niceforo
Maria, FMNH); Arboledas, W of Cucuta (Nice-
foro Maria, 1948, FMNH); Toledo (Niceforo Ma-
ria, 1938, USNM); Sarcuta, not located (Niceforo
Maria, 1950, FMNH); Santander; San Gil (Nice-
foro Marfa, 1948, FMNH); Boyacd; Muzo
(Hershkovitz, 1952, FMNH); Meta; San Juan de
Arama (von Sneidern, 1957, FMNH); Parque de
La Macarena, Rfo Guapaya (von Sneidern, 1957,
FMNH); Huila; Villavieja (Hendrickson, 1950,
MVZ; Miller, 1949, MVZ; Pearson, 1950, MVZ);
San Isidro, Valle de Suaza (Del Aguila, 1971,
USNM); Naranjal, Valle de Suaza (Del Aguila,
1971, USNM); Pitalito (Hershkovitz, 1951,
FMNH); Tolima; Natagaima, left bank Rio Mag-
dalena (Niceforo Maria, 1926, USNM); ECUA-
DOR: Napo; Lago Agrio, left bank Rfo Aguarico
(Duellman and Fritts, 1969, KU); Marian (Timm,
1983, 1984, FMNH); Limoncocha (Emmons,
1977, USNM); Pastaza; Rio Pindo Yacu (Olalla,
1934, FMNH); Montalvo, Rfo Bobonaza (Olalla,
1932, FMNH); PERU: Amazonas; La Poza, Rfo
Santiago (Patton, 1979, MVZ); Bagua (= Bagua
Chica) (Graham, LSUMZ); Aguaruna Village,
Rfo Cenepa, near Huampami, not located (Patton,
1977, MVZ); Loreto; Santa Rita (Kalinowski,
10
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 4. Distribution of Caluromys lanatus: Venezuela and Colombia south through Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and
Paraguay; scattered throughout Brazil. = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published
records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
11
1956, FMNH): Biological Station Pithecia
(Hershkovitz, 1980. FMNH): Santa Elena (Kali-
nowski. 1950. FMNH): Santa Maria. Mariscal Ra-
mos Castilla, not located (Soini. 1973. FMNH);
San Martin: Tarapoto. 28 km NE (Sanchez. 1983.
LSUMZ): Hudnuco; Ganso Azul (Sanborn. 1946.
FMNH): Plantacion San Huberto. Tingo Maria
(Nybukken. 1960. MVZ): Hacienda Buena Vista
(Heller. 1922. FMNH): Pasco; Oxapampa (Tuttle.
1964. USNM): Jum'n; Chanchamayo (Schunke.
FMNH: Schunke. 1986. USNM): San Ramon
(Anderson. 1914. FMNH): Cusco: Hacienda Villa
Carmen (Kalinowski. 1954. FMNH): Quincemil
(Kalinowski. 1953. FMNH); Madre de Dios: Al-
bergue Cusco Amazonico. 12 km E of Puerto
Maldonado (Warner. 1984. MVZ): Reserva Cusco
Amazonico. 14 km E of Puerto Maldonado
(Timm. 1990. KU): Aguas Calientes, 1 km below
Shintuya (Myers. 1984. UMMZ): VENEZUELA:
Merida; Montana de Edrama. Sierra de Merida
(Gabaldon. 1903. FMNH): Distrito Federal; El
Valle. Caracas (Barnes. 1939. LSUMZ): Amazon-
as; Tamatama (Brevington. 1967. USNM): Rio
Mawarinuma. Cerro de La Neblina (Gardner.
1984, USNM): BRAZIL: Acre; Sena Madureira
(1976. USNM): PARAGUAY: Canendiyu; Curu-
guaty. 13.3 km N (Myers. 1979. MZUM).
Caluromys philander (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tai-ibi Brasiliensibus: Marcgrave. 1648:223.
Mus africanus Kayopolin dictus mas.. Seba. 1734:49.
Tlaqitazin s. tai-ibi Brasiliensibus Seba. 1734:57.
Philander africanus: Brisson. 1762:212 description
based primarily on Mus africanus Kayopolin dictus
of Seba: work rejected for nomenclatural purposes
(International Commission on Zoological Nomen-
clature. 1998:64).
Philander africanus Schreber. 1777:541 der Kayo-
pollin: name ex Brisson. 1762.
Cayopollin: Buffon. 1763:350. not the coyopollin of
Hernandez (1651. Nov. Hisp.. p. 10. a Marmosa).
Didelphis Cajopolin Mullen 1776:35 name based
primarily on the caxopollin of Buffon. Gardner.
1993:15 listed.
Didelphys cayopollin Schreber. 1777:544 (der Koy-
oppolin). 589 Guianas ["Mexico" based on the
coyopollin of Hernandez, a Marmosa. but Buffon "s
caxopollin originated in the Guianas: see E. Geof-
frey. 1803. below]. Gardner. 1993:15 listed.
[Didelphis] Cayopollin: Gmelin. 1788:106 the cay-
opollin of Button.
Didelphis Caxopollin: Shaw. 1800:478 "Mexican"
opossum, ex Buffon.
Didelphis cayopollin: E. Geoffroy. 1803:142
FRENCH GUIANA: male specimens, basis of Buf-
fon 's (1763:350) "Cayopollin." and female speci-
men in spirits, from the Dutch collections [= of
Seba?].
S[arigua] caxopollin: Muirhead. 1819:429 part, new
combination.
Philander Caxopollin: Burmeister. 1856:76. pi. 14
(animal) part. BRAZIL: GUIANAS.
[Sarigua] caxopollin. Muirhead. 1919:429.
[Didelphis] Philander Linnaeus. 1758:54. Gardner.
1983:15 listed, synonymy.
Didelphis philander: Latreille. 1803:304 philander
de Surinam. Temminck. 1827:43 SURINAME:
FRENCH GUIANA. Schomburgk. 1840:344
GUYANA. Jentink. 1887b:301 BRAZIL. Jentink.
1888b:221 SURINAME.
Didelphis (Philander) philander: J. A. Allen and
Chapman. 1893:203 TRINIDAD AND TOBA-
GO.
Didelphxs philander: Schreber. 1777:541. Goldfuss.
1809:215 SURINAME. Waterhouse. 1841:102
SURINAME: GUYANA. Cabanis and Schom-
burgk. 1848:777 GUYANA. Wagner. 1850:130
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Borba. Rio Madeira): Rio
Branco [now Roraima] (Rio Branco). Pelzeln.
1883:111 BRAZIL: Amazonas (Borba): Rio
Branco [now Roraima] (Forte do Rio Branco).
Thomas. 1888b:337 GUYANA: SURINAME:
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Manaus). Thomas. 1893:
10 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO.
D[idelphys] Philander: Wagner. 1842:358.
Didelphxs (Philander) philander: Menegaux. 1902:
496 FRENCH GUIANA: (Saint Georges).
Gamba philander: Liais. 1872:330 BRAZIL.
Metachirus philander: Ihering. 1894:1 1 BRAZIL:
Sao Paulo.
Caluromys philander: J. A. Allen. 1900a: 189 part.
GUIANAS: BRAZIL (northeastern): part. VENE-
ZUELA. Robinson and Lyon. 1901:138 VENE-
ZUELA: Distrito Federal (San Julian). G. M. Al-
len. 1902:92 VENEZUELA: Nueva Esparto (Isla
Margarita). Thomas. 19 10b: 189 GUYANA: Pom-
eroon-Supenaam (Supenaam River). Thomas.
191 lb: 143 SURINAME: (type locality): holotype
history. Miranda Ribeiro. 1935:39 BRAZIL: Rio
de Janeiro (Teresdpolis). Miranda Ribeiro. 1936:
358 BRAZIL: Para (Para: Rio Tocantins): Mato
Grosso (Salto Utiarity: Rio Papagaio [= Sauerui-
na]: Tapirapuan [= Tapirapua]): Maranhao: Rio de
Janeiro (Teresdpolis): Santa Catarina. Davis.
1945a: 1 19 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresdpol-
is). Davis. 1945b:280 BRAZIL. Davis. 1947:2
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresdpolis). Anduze.
1956-57:8 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Suapure. left
bank Rio Caura: Valle del Caura: Ciudad Guyana):
Distrito Federal (La Guaria). Carvalho. 1960:
122 BRAZIL: Para (Conceicao do Araguaia).
Handley. 1976:5 VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Be-
len: Boca Mavaca: Cario Culebra: Puerto Ayacu-
cho: San Juan de Manapiure: Tamatama): Sucre
(Cumana: Manacal): Miranda (Curupao); Distrito
Federal-Miranda (Instituto Venezolano de Investi-
gaciones Cientfficas [= IVIC]: Los Venados): Fal-
con (Mirimire: Urama): Carabobo (Montalban):
Bolivar (Los Patos): Monagas (San Agustih). Reig
et al.. 1977:212 VENEZUELA: Miranda (Baru-
ta): Guarico (Dos Caminos): Aragua (La Horqueta.
Tiara: Rancho Grande): Distrito Federal (Los Ven-
ados): TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Simla (North-
12
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
em Range, not located). Husson, 1978:9 SURI-
NAME: Nickehe (Sipaliwini Airstrip); Commewi-
jne (Marienburg; Clevia; Nieuw Amsterdam;
Combe); Paramaribo (Culturutuin, Paramaribo;
Ma Retrate; Pan van Wanica). Alkins, 1979:175
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Eisenberg and
O'Connell, 1979:187 VENEZUELA: Miranda-
Guatopo (Parque Nacional Guatopo). Charles-
Dominique et al., 1981:355 FRENCH GUI-
ANA: (Cabassou). Da Fonseca and Kierulff,
1988:109 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Rio Doce
State Park [= Parque Estadual do Rio Doce]).
Stallings, 1989:176 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais
(Rio Doce State Park [= Parque Estadual do Rio
Doce]). Julien-Laferriere and Atramentowiez,
1990:405 FRENCH GUIANA: (Cabassou, Piste
de Saint-Elie). Gardner, 1993:15 TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO: Tobago (Tobago). Julien-Laferri-
ere, 1997:251 FRENCH GUIANA: Piste de
Saint-Elie Ecerex Station. Pires et al., 1999:41
BRAZIL; Rio de Janeiro (Poco das Antas, Reserva
Biologica).
Caluromys philander philander: Vieira, 1953:220
BRAZIL: Alagoas (Mangabeiras). Avila Pires,
1958:2 BRAZIL: Para (Utinga, Belem de Para).
Cabrera, 1958:4 venezuelae in synonymy only.
Carvalho, 1962:284 BRAZIL: Amapd (lower Rio
Araguari, Macapa; Mazagao, Rio Maraca; Vila Vel-
ha do Cassipore, Oiapaque). Pereira and Machado
filho, 1968:283 BRAZIL: Amazonas (km 46, Es-
trada AM-1). Pine, 1973b:54 BRAZIL: Para (Be-
lem). Husson, 1978:9 SURINAME: Paramaribo
(Pad van Wanica). Patterson, 1992:8 BRAZIL:
Para (Cameta); Amazonas (Itacoatiara).
Calurosmys philander philander: Avila Pires, 1964:
8, 1 1 incorrect subsequent spelling of Caluromys
philander philander. Vieira, 1953:220 BRAZIL:
Amazonas (km 50, Manaus-Itacoatiara RR).
Philander philander: Miranda Ribeiro, 1914:48
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Salto Utiarity; Rio Papa-
gaio [= Saueruina]; Tapirapoan [= Tapirapua], Rio
Sepotuba). Sanderson, 1949:788 SURINAME.
[Philander philander] philander: Cabrera, 1919:34
classification.
Philander philander philander: Vieira, 1955:347
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Lago do Baptista); Para (Ca-
meta; Caxiricatuba; Foz do Curua); Maranhao
(Miritiba); Alagoas (Mangabeiras); Mato Grosso
(Rio Papagaio; Tapirapoan [= Tapirapua], Rio Se-
potuba); Bahia; Espirito Santo; Rio de Janeiro.
Carvalho, 1960:122 BRAZIL: Para (Conceicao
do Araguaia).
V[sic = D(idelphis)] Flavescens Brongniart, 1792:
115 FRENCH GUIANA: (type locality, Cay-
enne).
Didelphys dichura Wagner, 1842:358 BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo (type locality, Ipanema; holotype, male, skin,
Vienna Museum, collected 14 August 1819 by Jo-
hann Natterer). Waterhouse, 1846:492 BRAZIL.
Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Didelphys dichrura: Wagner, 1850:134 incorrect
subsequent spelling of dichura Wagner, 1842
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Ipanema). Pelzeln, 1883:
1 12 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Ipanema; Itarare).
Philander dichura: Burmeister, 1856:76 BRAZIL:
Bahia.
D[idelphis] dichura: Matschie, 1916:263 BRAZIL:
Bahia; skull no. 25306 in Berlin Zoological Mu-
seum erroneously indicated as holotype.
[Caluromys] dichura: Matschie, 1916:269 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo (type locality, Ipanema).
[Philander philander] dichrura: Cabrera, 1919:34
incorrect subsequent spelling of dichura Wagner,
1 842:358 classification.
Philander philander dichrura: Pohle, 1927:241 in-
correct subsequent spelling of dichura Wagner,
1842 BRAZIL: Para (Santa Gertrudes, Araras);
Sao Paulo (Jacarehy [= Jacarei]); holotype cor-
rectly indicated as in Vienna Museum, not Berlin
(cf. Matschie, 1916:263).
Caluromys philander dichrurus: Vieira, 1949:345
incorrect subsequent spelling of dichura Wagner,
1842:358 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo. Vieira, 1955:
347 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao; Piquete;
Tambi; Monte Alegre [= Monte Alegre do Sul]).
Avila Pires and Gouvea, 1977:10 BRAZIL: Rio
de Janeiro Minas Gerais (Almoxarifado, Parque
Nacional do Itatiaia); Sao Paulo (Ipanema).
Didelphis affinis Wagner, 1842:358 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso (type locality, Rio Jurare; holotype, female,
skin, Vienna Museum; collected 14 March 1829 by
Johann Natterer). Wagner, 1850:136 BRAZIL:
Mato Grosso. Pelzeln, 1883:1 1 1 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso (Rio Jurare). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
Caluromys affinis: J. A. Allen, 1900a: 189 classifi-
cation.
[Philander philander] affinis: Cabrera, 1919:34
classification.
Caluromys philander affinis: Cabrera, 1958:3 clas-
sification.
Philander marsupialis: Gray, 1843:101 BRAZIL.
Didelphys macrura Pelzeln, 1883:1 1 1 BRAZIL:
Amazonas (Borba), Natterer manuscript name in
synonymy of Didelphys philander; nomen nudum.
D[idelphys] longicaudata Pelzeln, 1883:111 Natter-
er manuscript name in synonymy of Didelphys phi-
lander; nomen nudum.
[Didelphys (Philander)] longicauda Trouessart, 1898:
1237 incorrect subsequent spelling for longicau-
data Pelzeln (nomen nudum), in synonymy of P.
philander.
Didelphis {Philander) trinitatis Thomas, 1894a:438
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Port-of-Spain (type
locality, Botanic Garden; holotype, female in al-
cohol, BMNH, collected by J. H. Hart).
Philander trinitatis: J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897:
26 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: St. George
(Caura). Rendall, 1897:342 TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO.
Caluromys trinitatis: J. A. Allen, 1900a: 189. Vesey-
Fitzgerald, 1936:6 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO:
western end of northern range. Beebe, 1952:181
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (Aruma Valley, not
located). Handley, in Torrealba, 1958:97 VENE-
ZUELA: Guarico (Municipio Parapara).
Didelphys trinitatis: Elliot, 1907:6 TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO: St George (Caura).
Caluromys trinitatis venezuelae Thomas, 1903:493
VENEZUELA: Sucre (type locality, Ypure, near
Cumana, 2350 ft [= 700 m]; holotype, old female,
skin and skull, BMNH 0.5.1.57, collected 8 March
1899 by E. Andre). Gardner, 1993:15 listed.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
13
Caluromys trinitatis leucurus Thomas, 1904b:36
VENEZUELA: Bolivar (type locality, Maripa, Rio
Caura. lower Rio Orinoco: holotype. male, skin and
skull. BMNH 4.5.7.42. collected 26 October 1903
by S. M. Klages). J. A. Allen. 1904d:337 VE-
NEZUELA: Bolivar (Ciudad Bolfvar). Gardner.
1993:15 listed.
Holotype Name based on the tlaquazin or
tai-ibi brasiliensibus of Seba; the type became
part of the Lidth de Jeude collection subsequently
acquired by the British Museum. It is now num-
bered 414 (Thomas, 1892, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, 1892:314).
Type Locality Suriname.
Distribution (Fig. 5) Venezuela, Trinidad
and Tobago. Guyana, Suriname. French Guiana,
and Brazil.
Additional Records VENEZUELA: Falcon;
La Pastora (Smithsonian Expedition, 1967.
USNM): Guarico; Municipio Parapara. Rosco
(Torrealba, 1956. USNM); San Juan de los Mor-
ros (Torrealba, 1957, FMNH); Camp Rangel, not
located (de la Barena. 1959, USNM); TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO: St. Andrew; Mt. Harris (Wonder.
1947, FMNH); GUYANA: Demerara-Mahaica;
Hyde Park (Warren, FMNH); Cuyuni-Mazaruni;
Essequibo, Oko Mts. (Blake, 1937, FMNH); SU-
RINAME: Saramacca; La Poule (Hershkovitz.
1962, FMNH); BRAZIL: Para; Braganca (Belem
Virus Laboratory, 1968. USNM); Santarem. Mo-
jui dos Campos (1975, USNM); Tapaiuna, right
bank Rio Tapajos (Olalla, 1959, FMNH); Alta-
mira, left bank Rio Xingu (Carleton, 1986.
USNM; Santos, 1976, USNM); Fordlandia. right
bank Rio Tapajos (Olalla, 1958, 1959. FMNH);
Maraba (Peterson, 1975, USNM); Maranhao;
Carolina (Snethlage, 1925, FMNH); Mato Gros-
so; Serra do Roncador, 264 km N of Xavantina
[= Chavantina] (Pine, 1968, USNM); Amapd;
Serra do Navio (1968, USNM); Minas Gerais;
Passos (1946, USNM).
Genus Caluromysiops Sanborn, 1951
Caluromysiops Sanborn. 1951a:473. Gardner. 1993:
15 listed.
Type Species Caluromysiops irrupta Sanborn.
Distribution Southeastern Peru and western
Brazil. Simonetta's (1979) record from southeast-
ern Colombia, cited by Cuervo Diaz et al. (1986)
and de Vivo and Gomes (1989), is probably based
on a transported captive.
Caluromysiops irrupta Sanborn, 1951
Caluromysiops irrupta Sanborn. 1951a:473. Sanborn.
1951b:3 PERU: Cusco (Quincemil). Grimwood.
1968:1 PERU: Madre de Dios (Rio Alto Madre
de Dios. Parque Nacional del Manu). Simonnetta.
1979:247 COLOMBIA: Amazonas (Leticia). Ter-
borgh et al.. 1984:1 PERU: Madre de Dios (Co-
cha Cashu Biological Station. Parque Nacional del
Manu). Cuervo Diaz et al., 1986:472 COLOM-
BIA: Amazonas (Leticia). De Vivo and Gomez.
1989:310 COLOMBIA: Amazonas (Leticia):
PERU: Madre de Dios (Cocha Cashu Biological
Station. Parque Nacional del Manu: Itahuania):
Cusco (Quincemil. Quispicanchis Province); BRA-
ZIL: Rondonia (Upper Rio Jani). Gardner. 1993:
15 listed.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, FMNH
68336; collected 11 July 1950 by Celestino Kal-
inowski.
Type Locality Quincemil, Quispicanchis
Province, Cusco, Peru; 680 m.
Distribution (Fig. 6) Amazonas in Colombia,
western Brazil, and southeastern Peru.
Genus Glironia Thomas, 1912
Glironia Thomas. 1912b:239. Reig. 1955:127 re-
ferred to subfamily Microbiotheriinae. Gardner.
1993:16 listed.
Type Species Glironia venusta Thomas, by
original designation.
Distribution Ecuador, Peru. Bolivia, and the
Amazon basin of Brazil.
Glironia venusta Thomas, 1912
Glironia venusta Thomas. 1912b:240. Thomas.
1912c:47 BOLIVIA: La PazCochabamba
(Yungas region). Cuervo-Dias et al., 1986:472
COLOMBIA: Putumavo [now Amazonica]. Da Sil-
va and Langguth, 1989:873 BRAZIL: Para (Rio
Mapuera). Emmons. 1990:72-73 BOLIVIA: La
Paz (Rio Machariapo). Pacheco et al., 1993:5
PERU: Madre de Dios (Cocha Cashu). Tarifa and
Anderson. 1997:1 12 PERU: Madre de Dios
(Parque Nacional Manu); BOLIVIA: La Paz (Val-
ley de Machariapo, Rio Machiriapo. Chaquinayo):
Santa Cruz (6 mi E on road from San Javier to El
Puente; Meseta de Huanchaca. Parque Nacional
Noel Kempff Mercado). Anderson. 1997:140
BOLIVIA: La Paz (Rio Machariapo: "Yungas"):
Santa Cruz (San Javier, 12 km S).
Glironia venusta: Cabrera. 1958:5 part.
Glironia aequatorialis Anthony. 1926:1 ECUA-
DOR: Napo (type locality, outlets of Lagarto Co-
cha, on the Rio Aguarico above its confluence with
14
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Caluromys philander
1500 km
lliLl
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20"
10
Fig. 5. Distribution of Caluromys philander: Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, east through Guyana, Suriname,
French Guiana, and south through Brazil. = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published
records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
15
Caluromysiops irrupta
1500 km
30
Fig. 6. Distribution of Caluromysiops irrupta: southeastern Colombia, western Brazil, and southeastern Peru.
o = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
the Rio Napo, Napo; holotype, female, skin and
skull, AMNH 71393, collected 15 January 1926 by
Olalla and Sons). Marshall, 1978:1 ECUADOR:
Pastaza (Montalvo, Rio Bobonaza); Pasco (Pozu-
zo). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Glironia criniger Anthony, 1926:2 PERU: Loreto
(type locality, junction of Rio Curaray and Napo;
holotype, female, skin and skull, AMNH 71394,
collected 5 December 1925 by Olalla and Sons).
Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH
12.1.15.7; collected April 1908 by L. Egg.
Type Locality Pozuzo, Pasco, Peru, 800 m.
Distribution (Fig. 7) Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia,
and the Amazon basin of Brazil.
Additional Records PERU: Loreto; Quebra-
da Vanilla (= Vainilla), 10 km SSW mouth of Rio
Napo on east bank (Maxwell, 1983, LSUMZ);
BOLIVIA: Tarija; Fabrica de Papel, N Cuyam-
buyo, not located (Creighton, 1980, MVZ); Ha-
cienda Conzulman, N Cuyambuyo, not located
(Creighton, 1980, MVZ).
Subfamily Didelphinae Gray, 1821
Genus Chironectes Illiger, 1811
Chironectes Illiger, 1811:76. Gardner, 1993:16 list-
ed.
Memina Fischer, 1813:579 type species, Lutra
Meminna [sic] Boddaert [= Chironectes minimus
Zimmerman]. Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Sarigua Muirhead, 1819:429 (part) S. memmima
listed among included species.
Cheironectes Gray, 1821:308 emendation of Chi-
ronectes Illiger.
Cheronectis Fleming, 1822:212 name in text, lapsus
for Chironectes Illiger, with D. palmata only spe-
cies mentioned.
Gamba Liais, 1872:329 included species: Gamba
palmata, G. aurita brasiliensis Liais [= Didelphis
marsupialis azarae Temminck], Gamba aurita vir-
giniana [= Didelphis marsupialis virginiana Kerr],
Gamba opossum [ Philander opossum Linnaeus],
Gamba philander [= Caluromys philander Linnae-
us]. Hershkovitz, 1949:12 type species Gamba
palmata Liais [= Chironectes minimus Zimmer-
man], by designation. Gardner. 1993:16 listed.
Chironeytes Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904:100 incor-
16
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 7. Distribution of Glironia venusta: Ecuador, Peru, northern Bolivia, and the Amazon basin of Brazil, o
localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
rect subsequent spelling of Chironectes Illiger,
1811, in combination with palmata Cuvier.
Type Species Lutra minima Zimmermann by
monotypy.
Distribution Neotropical forested parts of
Central and South America from southern Mexico
to northeast Argentina.
Chironectes minimus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Saricovienne Buffon, 1755, Hist. Nat., 319 descrip-
tion of the "La Plata" saricovienne of Thevet,
1558, Les singularites de la France antarctique au-
trement nombree Amerique . . . , pp. 107, 108.
Petite loutre d'eau douce de Cayenne Buffon, 1776:
159, pi. 22 FRENCH GUIANA.
Small Guiana otter Smellie, 1780:237, pi. 69.
Latra minima Zimmermann, 1780:317 incorrect
subsequent spelling of generic name. Gardner,
1983:16 listed.
Lutra minima: Cabrera, 1958:43 incorrect subse-
quent spelling of generic name of Latra minima in
synonymy of Chironectes minimus.
Must[ela]. (Lutra) minima: Wolf, 1796:289 classi-
fication.
Chironectes minimus: Lydekker, 1887:329. Thomas,
1888b:368 COLOMBIA: Antioquia (Medellfn);
ECUADOR; GUYANA; BRAZIL: Para; Rio de
Janeiro; Rio Grande do Sul (San Lorenzo [= Sao
Lourenco do Sul]). De Winton, 1896:513 EC-
UADOR: Pichincha (Nanegal, west of Quito; trib-
utary of the Rio Guaillabamba, north of Quito). J.
A. Allen, 1900c:219 PERU: Puno (Juliaca [error
for Inca Mines, Rio Inambari]). Bangs, 1900:90
COLOMBIA: Magdalena (Santa Marta). Thomas,
1900a:549 BRAZIL: Parana (Palmeira). Thom-
as, 1 90 lc:536 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Rio Jor-
dao). J. A. Allen, 1912a:74 COLOMBIA: Valle
del Cauca (Juanchito; Palmira). Osgood, 1914b:
150 PERU: San Martin (Moyobamba). Miiller,
1914:8 BRAZIL: Para (Peixe-boi, Belem). Ber-
toni, 1914:68 PARAGUAY: (Yaguarasapa). J. A.
Allen, 1916a:202 COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca
(Juanchito; Palmira; Barbacoas [now in Narino];
Bagado [now in Choco]; Rio Frio). Lonnberg,
1921:67 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Gualea, 3000 ft
[= 930 m]). Bertoni, 1923:51 PARAGUAY: Cen-
tral (Bahia de Asuncion); Itapud (Pirayii-hi). Mi-
randa Ribeiro, 1935:39 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro
(Teresopolis). Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:390 BRA-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
17
ZIL: Santa Catarina (Rio Novo do Itapocii): Rio
de Janeiro (Jacarepagua: Colonia Alpina. Tereso-
polis: Novo Friburgo): Para (Ilha das On^as. Be-
lem). Bertoni. 1939:6 PARAGUAY: Central
(Asuncion): Aha Parana (Puerto Bertoni): AR-
GENTINA: Misiones (Iguasu). Vieira. 1949: 347
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais; Goids: Rio de Janeiro:
Para. Crespo. 1950:5 ARGENTINA: Misiones
(San Javier. Rio Paraguay; Rio Parana-Guazu. 15
km from the banks of the Rio Parana). Sanborn.
1951b:3 PERU: Cusco (Hacienda Cadena): San
Martin (Movobamba): Hudnuco (Pozuzo [now in
Pasco]). Sanborn. 1953:4 PERU: Puna (Yalle
Grande. Sandia. not located). Kuhlhorn. 1953a:7
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Rio Pardo). Kuhlhorn.
1953b:121 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Ribeirao
Pedra [= Ribeirao das Pedras] near Rancho Pedra.
Rio Pardo). Mondolfi and Medina. 1958:144 VE-
NEZUELA: Aragua (Rio Cumboto: Rio Ocumare:
Parque Nacional de Rancho Grande: El Consejo:
Rio Periquito): Carabobo (Aguacatacal): Guarico
(Rio Guarico). Reig. 1958:262 (footnote) AR-
GENTINA: Entre Rfos (fossil). Lyne. 1959:8-1
PERU: Junm (Chanchamayo): BRAZIL: Rio
Grande do Sid (Sao Lourenco do Sul). Guallart.
1962:157 PERU: Amazonas (upper Rio Mara-
non). Schaldach. 1965:130 MEXICO: Oaxaca
(north of Matias Romero. Rio Sarabia. 1800 m).
Ruschi. 1965:3 BRAZIL: Espirito Santo (Santa
Teresa). Grimwood. 1968a:9 PERU: San Martin
(Movobamba): Puno (Carabaya): Hudnuco (Rio
Pachitea: Tingo Maria): Juni'n (Tarma): Ucayali
(Pucallpa: Rio Curanja): Madre de Dios-Cusco
(Parque Nacional del Manu): Madre do Dios
(Manu): Cusco (Quispicanchi). Yunis et al.. 1972:
265 COLOMBIA: Meta (Rio Ocoa. Villavicen-
cio- Acacias Road). Handley. 1976:9 YENEZUE-
LA: Merida (Santa Rosa): Yaracuy (Minas de
Aroa): Monagas (San Agusti'n). Reig et al.. 1977:
212 VENEZUELA: Aragua (Rio Choroni). Alk-
ins. 1979:1 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, de Frei-
tas et al.. 1979:613 BR.AZIL: Rio Grande do Sul.
Eisenberg et al.. 1979:187 VENEZUELA: Mi-
randa-Guarico (Parque Nacional Guatopo). Tvn-
dale-Biscoe. 1980:712 COLOMBIA: Volte 'del
Cauca (Cali). Azevedo et al.. 1982:95 BRAZIL:
Santa Catarina (Corupa: Blumenau: Camboriu:
Brusque). Wilson. 1983:443 COSTA RICA: Pun-
tarenas (Rincon. Corcovado National Park). Ter-
borgh et al.. 1984:1 PERU: Madre de Dios (Co-
cha Cashu Biological Station. Parque Nacional del
Manu). Alho. Pereira. and Paula. 1986:446 BRA-
ZIL: Distrito Federal (Parque Nacional de Brasi-
lia). Gardner. 1988: 700 VENEZUELA: Amazon-
as (Base Camp [= Campamento], Cerro de La
Neblina). Timm et al.. 1989:16 COSTA RICA:
Heredia (Puerto Viejo). Albuja. 1992:126 EC-
UADOR: Los Rfos (Jauneche). Pacheco et al..
1993:5 PERU: Cusco (Hacienda Villa Carmen:
Hacienda Erika). Yensen et al.. 1994:406
BOLIVIA: La Paz (Apolo). Raseot and Albuja.
1994: 176 ECUADOR: Pastaza (Mera). Heinen
and Chebez. 1 99^: 19 ARGENTINA: Misiones
(Parque Nacional Isuazui. Voss et al.. 2001:20
FRENCH GUIANA (Paracou).
Cheironectes minimus: Jentink. 1887:302 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Chironectes Illiger. 1811
SURINAME.
[Lutra] menina: Boddaert. 1784:168 incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of minima Zimmerman, 1780.
Did[elphis] memina: Cuvier. 1798:125 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Lutra menina Boddaert.
178-1 FRENCH GUIANA (type locality).
Didelphis memina: E. Geoffroy. 1803:144 incorrect
subsequent spelling of menina Boddaert. 178-1
FRENCH GUIANA: two specimens in Paris Mu-
seum.
Lutra memina: Desmarest. 1816:546 incorrect subse-
quent spelling of menina Boddaert. 1784 palmata
E. Geoffroy a synonym.
Chironectes memina: Cope. 1889:130 incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of menina Boddaert. 1784 BRA-
ZIL: Mato Grosso (Chapada).
Lutra memia: Desmarest. 1803:147 incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of menina Boddaert. 178-1 GUY-
ANA.
Lutra memmina: Desmarest. 1804:507 incorrect
subsequent spelling of menina Boddaert. 1784.
S[arigua] memmima: Muirhead. 1819:429 new
combination.
Chironectes menima: Pohle. 1927:243 (in text) in-
correct subsequent spelling of menina Boddaert.
178-4 VENEZUELA: Distrito Federal (Caracas):
PERU: Cusco (Marcapata).
Chironectes minima minima: Krumbiegel. 1940:66
VENEZUELA: Aragua (Choroni: Maracay); CO-
LOMBIA: Cundinamarca (La Vega. E of Bogota).
Chironectes minimus minimus: Avila Pires. 1958:5
BRAZIL: Para (Ilha das Oncas. Belem). Goodwin
and Greenhall. 1961:201 TRINIDAD AND TO-
BAGO. Carvalho. 1965:251 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo
(Boraceia). Carvalho and Tocheton. 1969:217
BRAZIL: Para (Utinga). Baker. 1974:135 EC-
UADOR: Sapo (Santa Cecilia). Crespo. 1974:-!
ARGENTINA: Misiones (Pinalitos: Puerto Pirav:
Rio Urugua-i). Massoia. 1976:30 ARGENTINA:
Misiones (Department of General Belgrano. not lo-
cated: Iguazii [Iguasii]: Cuarto Rio Victoria. Rt. 14.
km 265. not located). Massoia et al.. 1987:111
ARGENTINA: Misiones (Rio Urugua-i: San Javier:
Arrovo Garupa: Arrovo Piray Guazii: Arroyo Tac-
uara.' Cerro Azul). Gardner. 1988:700 VENE-
ZUELA: Amazonas (Base Camp [= Campamento].
Cerro de La Neblina). Perez-Hernandez. 1989:
37-1 VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Rio Cunucunu-
ma: Campamento La Neblina: Parla Chonto. not
located): Bolivar (Santa Maria del Erebato). An-
derson et al.. 1993: 19 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Rio
Pitisama. Parque Nacional de Amboro). Anderson
1997:141 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Rio Pitisama.
Parque Nacional de Amboro): Beni (Campamento
6 de Agosto): La Paz (Apolo: La Reserva).
M[ustela] (Lutra) paraguensis Kerr. 1792:172 PAR-
AGUAY: (type locality. Rio de la Plata" [i.e.. the
region comprising northeastern .Argentina and bor-
dering parts of Uruguay and Paraguay with type
locality, the latter by patrinomy]): name based on
the saricovienne of Smellie"s translation of Buffon.
Gardner. 1993:16 listed.
M[ustela] (Lutra) guianensis Kerr. 1792:174
FRENCH GUIANA: (type locality. Cayenne).
Gardner. 1 993: 1 6 listed.'
18
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
L[utra] gujanensis Link, 1795:84 FRENCH GUI-
ANA: (type locality, by patrinomy; holotype, the
petite loutre d'eau douce de Cayenne of Buffon,
by implication). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Lutra saricovienna Shaw, 1800:447 FRENCH GUI-
ANA: (type locality, Cayenne). Gardner, 1993:16
listed.
[Mustela] cayennensis Turton, 1802:58 FRENCH
GUIANA: (type locality, Cayenne); Cayenne otter,
name based on the petite loutre d'eau douce de
Cayenne of Buffon. Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Didelphis palmata Daudin in Lacepede, 1 799: 1 52
name based on the petite loutre d'eau douce de
Cayenne of Buffon.
Didelphys palmata: Burmeister, 1854:133 BRAZIL:
Rio de Janeiro (Novo Friburgo).
Chironectes palmata: Gray, 1827:135 caption for
colored plate.
Gamba palmata: Liais, 1872:329 BRAZIL.
Cheironectes Palmata: Burnett, 1830:351 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Chironectes Illiger, 1811
classification.
Chironeyctes palmata: Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904:
100 incorrect subsequent spelling of Chironectes
Illiger, 1811 BRAZIL: Para (Ilha do Mosqueiro,
near Belem).
Chironectes palmatus: Hensel, 1873:121 BRAZIL
Rio Grande do Sul. Ihering, 1893:101 BRAZIL
Rio Grande do Sul (Costa da Serra, not located
Serra do Herval [Erval]). Ihering, 1894:12 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo. Goeldi, 1894:465 BRAZIL: Rio
de Janeiro (Serra dos Orgaos). Schirch, 1932:84
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis).
Mustela lutris Daudin in Lacepede, 1799:164 name
based on the saricovienne of Buffon.
Chironectes variegatus Illiger, 1815:107 substitute
name for Lutra minima Zimmermann. Olfers, 1818:
206 substitute name for Lutra minima Zimmer-
mann. Burmeister, 1856:74 BRAZIL: Rio de Ja-
neiro (Novo Friburgo). Sclater, 1872:702 CO-
LOMBIA: Antioquia (Medellfn). Pelzeln, 1883:
118 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Ipanema). Winge,
1893:850 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Ch[ironectes] variegates: Cabanis and Schomburgk,
1848:778 GUYANA.
Chironectes yapock Desmarest, 1820:261 replace-
ment name for "memina" [= minima] Zimmer-
mann. Gray, 1827:35 FRENCH GUIANA: (banks
of Yapock [= Oyapock] River). Ogilby, 1836:56
BRAZIL. Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Didelphys Yapock: Waterhouse, 1841:112.
Chironectes Langsdorffii Boitard, 1845:288 BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (type locality, near Rio de Ja-
neiro). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Chironectes panamensis Goldman, 1914:1 PANA-
MA: Darien (type locality, Santa Cruz de Cana,
upper Rio Tuyra, 606 m; holotype, male, skin and
skull, USNM 179164, collected 23 March 1912 by
E. A. Goldman). Zelek, 1 930:470 PANAMA. En-
ders, 1935:413 PANAMA: Colon/Panama (Barro
Colorado). Dickey, 1928:15 EL SALVADOR: La
Libertad (Hacienda Zapotitan); Handley, 1966:
755 PANAMA: Chiriqui (Rio Colorado); Los
Santos (Guanico; Cerro Hoya); Colon/Panama
(Isla Barro Colorado [= Barro Colorado]); Panama
(Cerro Azul); San Bias (Mandinga; Armila); Da-
rien (Tacarcuna; Boca de Rio Paya; Rio Jaque,
Jaque; Guayabo); Veraguas (Rio Bubi, Rio Viejo).
Baker, 1974:135 ECUADOR: Esmeraldas (Quin-
inde). Perez-Hernandez, 1989:374 VENEZUE-
LA: Merida (La Mucuy); Portuguesa (Colonia
Agricola Turen); Aragua (Cuyagua; Estacion Biol-
ogica de Rancho Grande; Rio Tuy); Guarico (Re-
presa de Guanapito); Miranda (Rio Birongo; La
Toma Capaya; Casupito, Parque Nacional Guato-
po); Sucre (Playa Colorado); Monagas (Caripe).
Gardner, 1993:26 listed.
Chironectes menima bresslaui Pohle, 1927:242 in-
correct subsequent spelling BRAZIL: Rio de Ja-
neiro (type locality, Teresopolis); Sao Paulo (Pir-
acicaba); (holotype, female, skin and skull, ZMB
35441). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Chironectes minima bresslaui: Krumbiegel, 1940:
67 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis); Sao
Paulo (Piracicaba).
Chironectes argyrodytes Dickey, 1928:15 EL SAL-
VADOR: La Libertad (type locality, Hacienda Za-
potitan, Rio Sucio; holotype, male, skin and skull,
no. 12986, Donald R. Dickey Collection, MVZ,
collected 20 June 1927 by R. A. Stirton). Goodwin,
1942:112 HONDURAS: Gracias (Las Flores
Gracias); Comayagua (Minas de Oro); Francisco
Morazdn (Tegucigalpa); EL SALVADOR: La Lib-
ertad (Hacienda Zapotitan). Ramirez-Pulido et al.,
1982:13 MEXICO: Tabasco (Golfo de Campe-
che); Chiapas (Pacific coast); Oaxaca (Matfas
Romero). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Chironectes minima argyrodytes: Krumbiegel, 1940:
68 classification.
Chironectes minimus argyrodytes: Lay, 1962:374
MEXICO: Tabasco (Rio Teapa).
Type None in existence. Name based on Buf-
fon's petite loutre d'eau douce de Cayenne.
Type Locality Cayenne, French Guiana.
Distribution (Figs. 8 and 9) The originally
forested parts of the Neotropical region from Oa-
xaca and Tabasco, Mexico, south through Central
America and Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela, and the Guianas, Bolivia, the Orino-
coan and Amazonian regions to Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina.
Additional Records MEXICO: Tabasco;
Teapa, 2 mi NW (Armstrong, 1961, LSUMZ; Lay,
1960, LSUMZ); Chiapas; Pichucalco (Smith,
1965, KU); HONDURAS: Lempira; Siguatepeque
(Edwards, 1935, USNM); EL SALVADOR: La
Libertad; Zapotitan (Stirton, 1927, MVZ); GUA-
TEMALA: Izabal; Rio Las Escobas, 3 mi WSW
Puerto Santo Tomas (Campbell, 1981, KU); Finca
Rio Frio (McLean, 1984, USNM); NICARA-
GUA: Nueva Segovia; Jalapa (Phillips, 1967, KU;
Smith, 1967, KU); Boaco; Santa Rosa, 17 km N,
15 km E of Boaco (Genoways, 1967, KU; Jones,
1967, 1968, KU); Teustepe (Kirsch, 1968, KU);
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
19
Fig. 8. Distribution of Chironectes miniums in Central America: Oaxaca and Tabasco, Mexico, south through
Panama. See Figure 9 for distribution in South America, o = localities from unpublished records; = localities given
in published records.
Los Cocos (Choate, 1968, KU; Genoways, 1968,
KU; Smith, 1968, KU); Zelaya; El Recreo, S side
Rio Mico (Jones, 1968, KU); Cara de Mono
(Schlitter, 1967, KU); Matagalpa; San Ramon,
not located (Alcorn, 1956, KU); COSTA RICA:
San Jose; San Jose (Zeledon, 1866, USNM);
Guanacaste; Finca Pacffica, 3 mi N of Canas
(Janzen, 1966, UMMZ); Cartago; Agua Caliente
(Torres, 1948, KU); Rio Reventazon, 5 km SE of
Turrialba (Westman, 1947, KU); Linton; Cariari
(Gardner, 1967, LSUMZ); Alajuela; San Carlos
(Smith, 1934, FMNH); PANAMA: Chiriqui; Fin-
ca Santa Clara, El Volcan (Enders, 1971, 1972,
USNM); Escopeta Camp (Pine, 1980, USNM);
Veraguas; Rio Bubi, near Sona (Curtis, 1951,
USNM); Cornes, Rio Viego (Curtis, 1950,
USNM); Isla Cebaco (Tyson, 1965, USNM); Co-
lon; Mohinga Valley, 3 mi S of Fort Sherman
(Setzer, 1953, USNM); Panama; Pedro Miguel
(Keenen, 1953. 1954, USNM); Chepa (Gorgas
Memorial Laboratory, USNM); Colon/Panama;
Nuevo San Juan, not located (Clark, 1951,
USNM); San Bias; Rio Pito (Handley, 1963,
USNM); Quebrada Venado (Handley, 1963,
USNM); Quebrada Repressa. Puerto Obaldia
(Handley, 1963, USNM); Darien; Cana (Gold-
man, 1912, USNM); Rfo Imamado, Jaque (Green-
well, 1966, USNM); Cerro Mali (Handley, 1964,
USNM); Bocas del Tow; Rio Changuinola (Bar-
rett, 1962, USNM; Handley, 1963, USNM);
Changuinola (Handley, 1960, USNM); Sibube
(Handley, 1963, USNM); COLOMBIA: Cordoba;
Rfo Nam, upper Rio Sinu (Hershkovitz, 1949,
FMNH); Socorre, upper Rfo Sinu (Hershkovitz,
1949, FMNH); Choco; Rfo Baudo, Rfo Sando
(von Sneidern, 1958, FMNH); Rfo Docampado
(von Sneidern, 1958, FMNH); Valle del Cauca;
Zabaletas (von Sneidern, 1956, FMNH); Cauca;
La Boca Rfo Saija [= Rfo Saija] (von Sneidern,
1958, FMNH); El Papayo (von Sneidern, 1958,
FMNH); Sabanetas (von Sneidern, 1958, FMNH);
Huila; San Calixto, Valle de Suaza (Hershkovitz,
1943, USNM); Cesar; Colonia de Agrfcola de
Caracolicito (de Santa Marta) (Hershkovitz, 1943,
USNM); La Guajira; Villanueva (Hershkovitz,
1943, USNM); Boyacd; Rio Cobaria (von Snei-
dern, 1959, FMNH); Meta; Villavicencio, near
(Medem, 1953, FMNH); Los Micos, San Juan de
Arama (von Sneidern, 1957, FMNH); ECUA-
DOR: Manabi; San Jose (Gomez, 1942, FMNH);
20
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 9. Distribution of Chironectes minimus in South America: Honduras south to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Bolivia, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern Brazil; Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil. See
Figure 8 for distribution in Central America, o = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published
records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
21
Pichincha; Mindo (Voss, 1980, MZUM); El Oro;
Puente de Moromoro (Gardner, 1976, USNM);
PERU: Amazonas; Rio Cenepa, N of Huampami
(Patton, 1977, MVZ); Loreto; Centro Union, Rio
Aucayo, not located (Soini, 1972, FMNH); Uca-
yali; Rio Alto Purus (Agnew and Adams, 1962,
LSUMZ); Balta. Rio Curanja (Gardner, 1966,
LSUMZ); Madre de Dios; Shintuya, right bank
Rio Alto Madre de Dios (Willard, 1980, FMNH);
Cusco; Huajyumbe (Kalinowski, 1953, FMNH);
Quincemil (Kalinowski, 1953, FMNH); VENE-
ZUELA: Aragua; Ocumare de la Costa (Handley.
1960, USNM); Amazonas; Puerto Ayacucho
(Smithsonian Venezuelan Project, 1967, USNM);
GUYANA: Barima-Wiani; Warapaco Mission,
Warapoko Creek, Wiani Creek [= Waropoko Mis-
sion, Waropoko Creek, Wiani Creek] (Evans,
1953, USNM); BRAZIL: Acre; Rio Jurua. upper
(Hill, FMNH); Para; Barcarena, 23 km SW of
Belem (Pine, 1968, USNM); Cameta, 25 m, left
bank Rio Tocantins (Olalla, 1933, FMNH); Sao
Paulo; Rocha at ca. 50 m, ca. 40 km NNW of
Juquia (Olalla, 1961, FMNH); PARAGUAY: La
Cordillera; Salto de Pirareta, 10 km S of Piribe-
buy, not located (Myers, 1973, UMMZ); Para-
guari; Piribebuy (Myers, 1976, UMMZ); Parque
Nacional Ybycuf (Creighton, 1979, UMMZ; Dob-
son, 1979, UMMZ; Myers, 1979, MZUM); Itap-
ud; Puerto San Rafael [= San Rafael], 2 km
NNW (Myers, 1978, UMMZ); Canendiyu; Curu-
guaty, 6.3 km N (Myers, 1976, UMMZ).
Genus Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758
Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758:54 included species, mar-
supialis, philander [Caluromys philander], opos-
sum [= Philander], murina [ = Marmosa marmo-
sa], dorsigera [= Marmosa murina]. Gardner.
1993:16 listed.
Didelphys Schreber, 1778:532 classification: name
and emendation of Didelphis Linnaeus.
Opossum Schmid. 1818:115 included species: mar-
supialis Linnaeus [here designated type species],
virginiana [not Kerr; = Philander opossum], mu-
rina [= Marmosa murina].
Sarigua Muirhead, 1819:429 part, included species
Didelphis marsupialis and cancrivora, Linnaeus
and S. [sarigua] opossum (part).
Didelphus I. Geoffroy, 1831:17 (atlas) incorrect
subsequent spelling of Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758.
Gamba Liais, 1872:329 type species, Gamba aurita
var. brasiliensis Liais [= Didelphis aurita Wied-
Neuwied] by monotypy.
Dimerodon Ameghino, 1 889(6):479 type species D.
mutilatus Ameghino, by monotypy.
Leucodidelphis Ihering, 1914:356 type species, D.
paraguayensis Oken 1816 [= Didelphis albiventris
Lund] by original designation.
Leucodidelphys: Krumbiegel, 1941a:34 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Leucodidelphis Ihering,
1914 subgenus of Didelphys; type species, Leu-
codidelphys paraguayensis Oken [= Didelphis al-
biventris Lund], by original designation.
Leucodidelphis: Krumbiegel, 1941a:34.
Leucodelphis Cabrera, 1958:41 incorrect subsequent
spelling of Leucodidelphis Ihering. 1914 in syn-
onymy of Didelphis Linnaeus.
Type Species Didelphis marsupialis Linnae-
us, by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1911).
Distribution (Figs. 10 and 11) From south-
ern Canada south through Central America, and
South America into northern half of Argentina.
Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1841
Carigueya brasiliensis: Marcgrave, 1648:222.
Tai-ibi brasiliensibus: Marcgrave. 1648:223.
Micoure premier ou Micoure proprement dit: Mo-
reau-Saint-Mery in Azara, 1801:244.
Didelphis Virginiana, Desmarest (part, not Kerr).
1817:420 Azara's micoure premier in synonymy.
Didelphis paraguayensis Froriep, 1822:273 nomen
nudum in notice of specimens received from Brazil
by the Vienna Museum; not an available name.
Didelphis paraguayensis J. A. Allen, 1902:267
PARAGUAY: Central (type locality, Asuncion);
URUGUAY; BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa San-
ta: Rio Jordao): Rio Grande do Sul; ARGENTINA:
Tucumdn; Corrientes (Goya); new name estab-
lished by use of previously unavailable name (In-
ternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature,
1999:99). Thomas. 1903:243 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso (Santa Anna de Chapada [= Chapada dos
Guimaraes]). Thomas. 1 9 10a:247 ARGENTINA:
Buenos Aires (Los Inglesas). Ihering, 1914:344
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Ituverava; Rincao; Franca);
Bahia (Villa Nova): Ceard. L. E. Miller, 1916:
589 BRAZIL. Cabrera, 1917:10 ECUADOR:
Pichincha (Quito). Thomas, 1926b:327 BOLIV-
IA: Tarija (Carlazo). Thomas, 1926c:608 AR-
GENTINA: Tucumdn (Cerro del Campo; Burruy-
acu, 800 m). Sanborn, 1929:150 URUGUAY. De-
vincenzi, 1935:88 URUGUAY Bertoni, 1939:6
PARAGUAY Gilmore, 1941:316 distribution.
Krumbiegel. 1941a:32, 37 distribution. Vieira,
1949:343 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo; Rio Grande do
Sul; Mato Grosso; Maranhao; Bahia; Goids. Vi-
eira, 1951:124 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Rio das
Mortes; Sao Domingos). Kuhlhorn, 1953a:5
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Alto Parana [now in Mato
Grosso do Sul]: (Rio Ivinheima now in Mato Gros-
so do Sul). Kuhlhorn, 1953b: 120 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso do Sul (Rio Ivinheima). Kuhlhorn, 1955:
162 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso. Ruschi, 1965:1
PARAGUAY: Central (Asuncion). Steyer and Pau-
lette Vanrell, 1970:434 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do
Sul (Rio Taquari, valley of).
D[idelphis] paraguayensis: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:
22
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 10. Distribution of Didelphis in northern Central America: northern Mexico south through Central America
to Colombia. See Figure 1 1 for distribution in South America (North American distribution not shown).
399 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul (Coxim);
Mato Grosso (Caceras); Golds (Tocantins, not lo-
cated).
Didelphis paraguayensis paraguayensis: J. A. Allen,
1 9 16b:562 PARAGUAY: Presidente Hayes (Rio
Negro); Central (Trinidad); BRAZIL: Mato Grosso
(Utiarity). Yepes, 1936:696 ARGENTINA: Men-
doza (La Paz; San Rafael; Rivadavia; San Carlos);
Cordoba (La Paz); San Luis (Rincon); dennleri
Marelli, in synonymy. Moojen, 1943:2 BRAZIL:
Pernambuco (Pocao).
Didelphys paraguayensis: Krieg, 1924:637 AR-
GENTINA: Sante Fe. Krumbiegel, 1941a:37
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul (Rio Ivinheima); Rio
Grande do Sul (Passo Fundo); PARAGUAY: Cha-
co (San Luis de la Sierra, not loaded; Centurion
[now in Concepcion]; Mennoniten Kolonien [=
Colonia Mennonita, now in Boqueron]; Nueva Ger-
mania [now in San Pedro]); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz
(San Jose, Rio San Miguel); ARGENTINA: Mi-
siones; Formosa (La Urbana, Rio Pilcomayo); San-
ta Fe (Estancia La Germania); Santa Fei 'Santiago
del Estero (Estancia la Geraldina).
Did[elphys]. paraguayensis paraguayensis: Krumbie-
gel, 1941b:41 distribution.
[Leucodidelphys] paraguayensis paraguayensis:
Krumbiegel, 1941a:34 classification.
Didelphis Azarae Rengger (not Temminck, 1824),
1830:223 PARAGUAY Waterhouse, 1839:93
URUGUAY: Maldonado (Maldonado). Burmeister,
1856:61 PARAGUAY; URUGUAY: Montevideo
(Montevideo); BRAZIL: Sao Paulo southward.
Thomas, 1902b:245 ARGENTINA: Cordoba
(Cruz del Eje).
Didelphis azarae: Jentink (not Temminck, 1824),
1887:300 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Quito). Jen-
tink, 1888:219 part, BRAZIL; ECUADOR: Pi-
chincha (Quito); ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
(Buenos Aires). Thomas, 1901c:536 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Rio Jordao). Yepes, 1944:60 AR-
GENTINA: Formosa (Las Lomitas); Santa Fe
(Malabrigo; Villa Ana); Buenos Aires (25 de
Mayo); Salta (Zuviria; Lumbrera; Cayafate [= Ca-
fayate]; El Quebrachal; Dragones; Tabacal; Agu-
aray); Jujuy (Arenal; Rib Blanco); Mendoza (Ri-
vadavia; San Carlos; San Rafael). Reig, 1964:
207 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires (Arroyo Brus-
quitas; Arroyo Chapadamalal; Baliza Caviu; Mar
del Plata [= Ciudade]; Mar del Sur; Miramar).
Contreras, 1973:215 ARGENTINA: Buenos Ai-
res (Laguna Chasico). Mendez, 1977:111 CO-
LOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (Finca Hollanda, near
Paramo de Chinche [Hershkovitz, pers. comm., as-
signs this specimen to albiventris]).
D[idelphis] Azarae: Cabrera (not Temminck, 1824),
1913:145 ECUADOR.
Didelphus azarae, I. Geoffroy (not Temminck, 1 824),
1831:17 (atlas) incorrect subsequent spelling of
Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 BRAZIL.
Didelphys Azarae: Waterhouse (not Temminck,
1824), 1841:83 incorrect subsequent spelling of
Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 BRAZIL; URUGUAY:
Maldonado (Maldonado [Darwin collector]). Bur-
meister, 1861:412 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn;
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
23
Fig. 1 1 . Distribution of Didelphis in southern Central and South America: throughout South America, excluding
Chile and southern Argentina. See Figure 10 for distribution in northern Central America (North American distribution
not shown).
24
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
URUGUAY: [= Banda Oriental (Oriente)]. Hensel,
1873:111 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul; azarae
authors, not Temminck [= D. marsupialis]. Bur-
meister, 1 879: 1 89 ARGENTINA. Ihering, 1892:
98 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul.
D[idelph\s\ azarae: Wagner (not Temminck, 1824),
1843b": 3 8 part. PARAGUAY: Gran Chaco; AR-
GENTINA: Entre Rios; URUGUAY: (Banda Ori-
ental [Oriente], not located). Tschudi, 1844a: 143
PERU: part. Tschudi, 1844b: 250 PERU: part.
Didelphys azarae: Waterhouse (not Temminck, 1 824),
1846:470 BRAZIL; PARAGUAY; BOLIVIA;
URUGUAY: Maldonado (Maldonado; "El Cor-
te"); COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (Santa Fe [now
Santafe] de Bogota). Tomes, 1860:268 ECUA-
DOR: Azuay (Cuenca). Hensel, 1867:290 BRA-
ZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Aplin, 1894:314 URU-
GUAY. Thomas, 1900a:549 BRAZIL: Parana
(Palmeira).
Didelphys marsupialis var. azarae: Thomas (not Tem-
minck, 1824), 1888b:328 azarae Burmeister, not
Temminck [= marsupialis]; COLOMBIA: Cundi-
namarca (Santa Fe [now Santafe] de Bogota); BO-
LIVIA; BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara);
CHILE (purchased specimen, probably not origi-
nating in Chile). Lyne, 1959:84 ECUADOR: Pi-
chincha (Cayambe).
Didelphys marsupialis azarae: Cope (not Temminck,
1824), 1889:129 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul
(Sao Joao do Monte Negro).
Didelphys marsupialis var. D. azarae: Figueira (not
Temminck, 1824), 1894:8 (separate) URUGUAY.
Didelphis azarae azarae: Cabrera (not Temminck,
1824), 1958:41 classification; synonyms, albiven-
tris, poecilotis, poecilonota, leucotis, lechii, para-
guayensis, bonariensis, dennleri. Fornes and Mas-
soia, 1965:101 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
(Miramar).
Didelphys azarai: Ringuelet, 1954:295 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Didelphis azarae Rengger,
1830 ARGENTINA: Cordoba (Barrancas del Rio
Primero [Post Pampean, lower Quaternary]).
Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1841:106. Lund, 1842:
133, 199 BRAZIL: Minus Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Ihering, 1914:345 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Ituvera-
va; Rincao; Franca); Bahia (Villa Nova); Ceard;
synonyms, tai-ibi brasiliensibus Marcgrave, 1648;
poecilotis Wagner, 1842; paraguayensis Allen,
1902. Ruschi, 1965:191 PARAGUAY: Central
(Asuncion). Ximenez and Langguth, 1971:48
URUGUAY: Rio Negro (Rio Negro). Wetzel and
Lovett, 1974:205 PARAGUAY: Boqueron (Es-
tancia Juan de Zalazar); Chaco (Fortin Juan de Zal-
azar [now in Presidente Hayes). Mendez, 1977:
111 COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (Finca Hol-
landa). Handley, 1976:5 VENEZUELA: Tdchira
(Buena Vista); Merida (Paramito; Tabay). Reig et
al., 1977:211 PERU: Hudnuco (Cordillera Car-
pish); VENEZUELA: Merida (Laguna Negra; Tim-
otes); ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires (Punta Lara).
Olrog, 1979:10 ARGENTINA: Jujuv (Cerro Cal-
ilegua). Genoways et al., 1981:319 SURINAME:
Brokopondo (Brownsberg Nature Park). Tyndale-
Biscoe, 1980:712 COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca
(Pichinde; Pilimbala, not located). Mares et al.,
1981:167 ARGENTINA: Salta (El Breal [= Ri-
vadavia]). Cajal, 1981:27 ARGENTINA: Tucu-
mdn (Aguas Chiquitas). Varejao and Valle, 1982:
37 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Rio Acima; Aragu-
ari; Bambui; Belo Horizonte; Bonfinopolis de Mi-
nas; Cachoeira do Campo; Caete (= Rocas Novas);
Carmiopolis de Minas; Douradoquara; Fazenda
Cascata; Florestal; Itabira; Jose de Melo; Lagoa
Santa; Lassance; Luz; Machado; Mateus Leme;
Mato Verde; Matozinhos; Monte Bello; Novo
Lima; Para de Minas; Paraopeba; Passos; Patos de
Minas; Pedro Leopoldo; Pirapora; Pompeu; Prados;
Presidente Juscelino; Presidente de Morais; Sahara;
Salinas, Santa Luzia; Sao Gon^alo Rio Abaixo
[Ciudade]; Sao Roque de Minas; Tupaciguara; Ser-
ra do Caraca [= Santa Barbara]); Goids (Anapolis);
Distrito Federal (Brasilia). Yonenaga-Yasuda,
1982:72 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Americana; Nova
Odessa; Santa Maria da Serra). Crespo, 1982a:59
ARGENTINA: Misiones (Parque Nacional Iguazii).
Seluja et al., 1984:702 URUGUAY: Canelones
(Banado de Carrasco; Las Piedras); Rocha (La
Tuna); Tacuarembo (Rio Negro); Maldonado (Pir-
apolis). Fonseca and Redford, 1984:518 BRA-
ZIL: Distrito Federal (Reserva Ecologica Biologi-
ca do Instituto de Geografia e Estatfstica [IBGE]).
Cerqueira, 1984:96 BRAZIL: Pernambuco (Bom
Conselho; Triunfo; Exu; Garanhuns; Pedra; Pes-
queira); Paraiba (Princesa Isabel); Ceard (Crato);
Bahia (Feira de Santana; Jabaquara; Jequie; Ju-
azeiro; Palmeiras; Seabra; Serrinha); Alagoas (Pal-
meira dos Indios; Quebrangulo; Vicosa). Cerqueira,
1985:135 BRAZIL: Bahia (Castro Alves); Ala-
goas (Vicosa). Alho et al., 1986:451 BRAZIL:
Distrito Federal (Parque Nacional de Brasilia). Ma-
res et al., 1986:294 BRAZIL: Distrito Federal
(Brasilia). Massoia et al., 1987:116 ARGENTI-
NA: Misiones (Rio Urugua-i). Nogueira, 1988:
233 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte).
Gardner, 1988:690 VENEZUELA: Amazonas
(Camp II, Cerro de La Neblina; Camp VII, Cerro
de La Neblina). Gardner, 1 990:4 1 2 VENEZUE-
LA: Bolivar (Auyan-tepuf); Amazonas (Camp II,
Neblina; Camp VII, Neblina). Gardner, 1993:16
listed. Heinonen and Bosso, 1994:55 ARGEN-
TINA: Jujuy (Parque Nacional Calilegua). Rageot
and Albuja, 1994:172 ECUADOR: Pastaza
(Mera). Mares and Ernest, 1995:775 BRAZIL:
Distrito Federal (Reserva Ecologica Biologica do
Instituto de Geografia e Estatfstica [= IBGE)). Ma-
res et al. 1996:101 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn
(Aconquija; Concepcion; Cerro del Campo; El
Cadillal Dike, 25 km NW of San Miguel de Tu-
cuman; El Cajon; 4 km W of junction 338 and road
to Horco Molle, on road to San Javier; Biological
Reserve at Horco Molle; Los Romanos; Mala
Mala; Escuela Normal, Monteros; Piedra Tendida;
San Fernando; San Pedro de Colalao; km 42, on
highway 364, south of San Pedro de Colalao;
Aguas Chiquitas; Pozo Hondo; Dique Escaba; San-
ta Rosa de Leales; Tafi del Valle). Capllonch et al.,
1997:53 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn (Parque Biol-
ogico Sierra de San Javier). Mares et al., 1997:
100 ARGENTINA: Catamarca (Choya; Andal-
gala). Morando and Polop, 1997:130 ARGEN-
TINA: Cordoba. Catzeflis et al., 1997:231
FRENCH GUIANA (Sinnamary River; Crique
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
25
Tigre). Mares and Braun, 2000:30 ARGENTINA:
Catamarca (Andalgala; Choya; La Merced); Men-
doza (Tunuyan, 27 km S, 96 km N); Misiones (Ar-
istobulo de Valle, 10 km W on Rio Cunapiru); Sal-
ta (Aguaray; Cafayate; Dragones; El Quebrachal;
Lumbrera; Parque Nacional Baritu; Parque Nacion-
al El Rey; Santa Victoria, El Breal, 6 km SW of;
Tabacal); San Luis (San Francisco del Monte de
Oro); Santiago del Estero (Santo Domingo); Tu-
cumdn (Aconquija, Concepcion; Cerro del Campo;
El Cadillal Dike; El Cajon; Biological Reserve at
Horco Molle; junction 338 road to Horco Molle, 4
km W; Los Romanos; Mala Mala; Escuela Normal,
Monteros; Piedra Tendida; San Fernando; km 42,
highway 64, S of San Pedro de Colalao; San Pedro
de Colalao); Buenos Aires (Arroyo Brusquitas; Ar-
royo Brusquitas-Miramar; Arroyo Chapadmalal;
Azul, 4 km NE; Azul Benson Farm, not located;
Baliza Caniii; Laguna de Los Padres; La Plata,
Punta Lara; Los Yngleses; Mar del Plata, S of;
Ciudad de Mar del Plata; Mar del Sur; Miramar;
Punta Lara, Ribera; Reserva Natural Otamendi; 25
de Mayo); Chaco (Parque Nacional Chaco; Puerto
Bermejo, 10 km S); Cordoba (Cruz de Eje; La
Paz); Corrientes (Centro Argentino de Primates, 20
km SE, not located; Parque Nacional Mburucuya);
Entre Rios (Parque Nacional Diamante; Parque Na-
cional El Palmar); Formosa (El Colorado; Laguna
Blanca; Las Lomitas; Parque Nacional Rio Pilco-
mayo; Reserva Natural Formosa); Jujuy (Arenal;
Calilegua; Parque Nacional Calilegua; Rib Blanco);
La Rioja (Villa Castelli); Mendoza (Mendoza; Na-
cufian; Reserva Ecologica de Nacunan; Rivadavia;
San Carlos; San Rafael); Misiones (Arroyo Vina
[brazo del Arroyo Garupa]; El Dorado; Parque Na-
cional Iguazii; Puerto Schwelm, not located); San
Luis (Rincon); Santa Fe (Malabrigo; Villa Ana);
Tucumdn (Aguas Chiquitas; Cerro del Campo, Bur-
rucayii; Cerro Medici; Cerro San Javier; Dique Es-
caba; Parque Biologico Sierra de San Javier, access
road; Pozo Hondo; Reserva Experimental de Flora
y Fauna de Horco Molle; Rio Las Cafias, Horco
Molle; Santa Rosa de Leales; Taff del Valle; junc-
tion at 338 and road to Horco Molle). Anderson,
1997:143 BOLIVIA: Chuquisaca (Tarabuco, 12
km N, 11 km E; Porvenir); Potosi (Rio Chancha-
mayo); Santa Cruz (San Ignacio de Velasco; Com-
arapa, 6 km S, 10 km E; Comarapa, 15 km W);
Tarija (Tapecua; Rancho Tambo, 61 km E; Carla-
zo). Voss et al., 2001:23 FRENCH GUIANA:
Piste St. Elie [= Piste de Saint-Elie Ecerex Sta-
tion]; Petit Saut).
D[idelphvs] albiventris: Wagner, 1843:38. Burmeister,
1856:62 BRAZIL.
Didelphys albiventris: Waterhouse, 1846:472 BRA-
ZIL. Burmeister, 1854:132 BRAZIL: Minas Ger-
ais (Lagoa Santa). Ihering, 1894:10 BRAZIL:
Sao Paulo.
Didelphys marsupial is var. albiventris: Winge, 1893:
3, 7, 46 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa,
Recent, and Pleistocene).
Didelphys poecilotis Wagner, 1842:358 BRAZIL:
Mato Grosso (type locality, "Angaba" [= Cuiaba];
holotype. female, Vienna Museum, collected 19
July 1824 by Johann Natterer). Gardner, 1993: 16
listed.
D[idelphys] poecilotis: Wagner, 1855:219. Pelzeln,
1883: i09 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Cuyaba [ =
Cuiaba]).
Didelphys paeci lotus: Wagner, 1843:43 incorrect
subsequent spelling of poecilotis Wagner, 1942.
Waterhouse, 1846:524 BRAZIL.
D[idelphys] poecilonota: Schinz, 1844:504 incor-
rect subsequent spelling of poecilotus Wagner.
Didelphys leucotis Wagner, 1850:127 name based
on Azara's micoure premier and azarae of authors,
not Temminck; type locality, by implication, Para-
guay and Uruguay. Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
D[idelphys] leucotis: Wagner, 1855:223 PARA-
GUAY; URUGUAY: (Rio de La Plata, not located).
Didelphis aurita: Alston (not Wied-Neuwied, 1826),
1882:197 part, COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca
(Santa Fe [now Santafe] de Bogota).
Didelphis marsupialis aurita: Yepes, 1936:34 AR-
GENTINA: La Rioja (Villa Castelli).
Didelphys Lechei Ihering, 1892:98 BRAZIL: Rio
Grande do Sul (type locality; holotype, a gray
phase individual or variety of "Didelphys Aza-
rae"). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Didelphys lechii: Cabrera, 1958:41 incorrect subse-
quent spelling in synonymy of "Didelphis azarae
azarae."
Didelphis lechi: Avila Pires, 1994:371 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Lechei Ihering, 1892
BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara).
Didelphis albiventris pernigra J. A. Allen, 1900b:
191 PERU: Puno (type locality, "Juliaca" [ =
Inca Mines, Rio Inambari], 7000 ft [= 2180 m];
holotype, female, skin and skull, AMNH 16071;
collected 12 February 1900 by H. H. Keays). J. A.
Allen, 1900c:219 "Juliaca" corrected to Inca
Mines. J. A. Allen, 1901a:41 PERU: Puno (Inca
Mines). Thomas, 1901b: 191 PERU: Cusco (Mar-
capata); Puno (Limbani). Truessart, 1910:A26
ECUADOR: Pichincha (Gualea). Perez-Hernan-
dez, 1989:372, 384, 385 VENEZUELA: Amazon-
as (Cerro Duida, 1400 m) Merida (La Mucuy; La-
guna Negra, Paramo de Mucubaji; Las Porqueras);
Tdchira (Betania; Cerro Las Copos, La Revancha;
Paramo Zumbader). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Anderson, 1997: 144 BOLIVIA: Cochabamba
(Charuplaya; Yungas; Colomi, 5 km N; Cochabam-
ba; Vinto; Tapacari; Jamachuma; Rodeo, 7.5 km
SE); La Paz (Ixiamas; Saynani; Nequejahuira; Rio
Aceromarca; Pitiguaya; Zongo Valley, "Centro
Hidroelectrica").
Didelphis paraguayensis pernigra: J. A. Allen, 1902:
271, 279 PERU: Lima (Callao [although cited,
this specimen, given the locality, must be marsu-
pialis]; Surco; San Mateo); Junin (Huacapistona;
Perene); Puno (Inca Mines; Limbani); Cajamarca
(Carao); BOLIVIA: La Paz. Trouessart, 1910:
A29 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Tumbaco, 2390 m).
Thomas, 1920c: 247 PERU: Cusco (Chospyoc,
10,000 ft [= 3125 m]; Torontoy; Machu Picchu [=
Macchu Picchu]). Thomas, 1926c:318 PERU: Ju-
nin (Yana Mayo, Rio Tarma, 8500 ft [= 2650 m]).
Thomas, 1927a:372 PERU: Cajamarca (Celen-
din). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Did[elphis] paraguayensis pernigra: Krumbiegel,
1941a:41, 42 distribution.
Didelphis paraguayensis andina J. A. Allen, 1902:
26
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
272, 279 ECUADOR: Azuay (type locality,
Cuenca; holotype, male, BMNH 99.12.7.6; collect-
ed 2 June 1899 by P. O. Simons); Pichincha (Quito;
Cayambe); Canar (Canar); hnbabura (Ibarra); Loja
(Loja); Chimborazo (Riobamba). Trouessart, 1910:
A28 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Gualea). J. A. Al-
len, 191 2a:74 COLOMBIA: Cauca (Munchique,
2100-2400 m). Lonnberg, 1913:35 ECUADOR:
Pichincha (Quito; Nanegal). Osgood, 1914b: 148
PERU: Cajamarca (Hacienda Limon, near Balsas);
Amazonas (Rio Utcubamba, 15 mi above Chacha-
poyas). J. A. Allen, 1916a:200 COLOMBIA: Cau-
ca (Munchique); Antioquia (Paramillo). J. A. Allen,
1916d:l 16 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Quito; El
Corazon). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Did[elphis] paraguayensis andina: Krumbiegel,
1941a:41, 42 distribution.
Didelphis marsupialis: Stone (not Linnaeus, 1758),
1914:17 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Volcan Cay-
ambe [= Cerro Cayambe]).
[Didelphis] leucoprymnus Matschie, 1916:268 no-
men nudum; BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Cabo Frio).
Didelphis paraguayensis meridensis J. A. Allen,
1902:274 VENEZUELA: Merida (type locality,
Merida; holotype, juvenile male, skin and skull,
BMNH 97.7.1.14); COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca
(Bogota). Osgood, 1912:39 VENEZUELA: Me-
rida (Paramo de Tama, 6000-7000 ft [= 1875-
2180 m] [now in Tdchira]). J. A. Allen, 1916a:
200 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (Fusagasuga;
El Roble). Anthony, 1923:4 COLOMBIA: Cun-
dinamarca (Choachi; Bogota). Gardner, 1993:16
listed.
Did[elphis] paraguayensis meridensis: Krumbiegel,
1941a:42 distribution.
Didelphis paraguayensis bonariensis Marelli, 1930:2
[work not seen]." Marelli, 1932:69 ARGENTINA:
(type locality, Provinces of Buenos Aires and Santa
Fe; [holotype probably a menagerie specimen the
remnants of which may be preserved in the Buenos
Aires Museum]). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Didelphis paraguayensis Dennleri Marelli, 1930:2
[work not seen]. Marelli, 1932:69 ARGENTINA:
(type locality, Buenos Aires Province [holotype
probably a menagerie specimen, the remains of
which may be preserved in the Buenos Aires Mu-
seum]).
Didelphis albiventris imperfectus Mondolfi and Perez-
Hernandez, 1984:407 VENEZUELA: Bolivar
(type locality, km 125, El Dorado-Santa Elena
Highway; holotype, adult female, skin and skull,
MHNLS 175). Perez-Hernandez, 1989:372-382
VENEZUELA: Bolivar (km 124, 125, 126, El Do-
rado-Santa Elena Highway; km 70-88, [Carretera]
El Dorado-Santa Elena Highway; La Tigre; Torono
Tepui [= Torono-tepui], Chimanta; Salto Ichum;
Rio Marajano, Meseta de Jaua; La Laja; El Pauji;
Monumento al Soldado Pionero, Gran Sabana);
Amazonas (Cano Culebra, Cerro Duida; Cumbre
del Cerro, Marahuaca, 2550 m; Alto Rio Atacavi;
Cerro de La Neblina). Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
Didelphis sp.: Handley, 1976:9 VENEZUELA: Bo-
livar (Icabani; km 125, 85 km SSE of El Dorado);
Amazonas (Boca Mavaca; Cabecera del Cano Cu-
lebra, Cerro Duida; Cano Culebra, Cerro Duida;
Puerto Ayacucho, 20-30 km S).
Holotype Presumably in the Zoological Mu-
seum of Copenhagen; collected by Peter Wilhelm
Lund.
Type Locality Rio das Velhas, Lagoa Santa,
Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 12) Subtropical and tem-
perate zones of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Vene-
zuela, and Suriname; the highlands of Guyana; the
northern half of Brazil and Brazil east of the Rio
Tocantins; Bolivia; Uruguay; Paraguay; and the
northern half of Argentina.
Additional Records COLOMBIA: Valle del
Cauca; San Antonio, 4 km NW (Miller, 1958,
MVZ); Cauca; Charguayaco (von Sneidern, 1958,
AMNH); Antioquia; Valdivia (Hershkovitz, 1950,
FMNH); Sonson (Hershkovitz, 1950, FMNH);
Huila; San Antonio (Hershkovitz, 1951, FMNH);
Rio Ovejera (Hershkovitz, 1951, FMNH); Aguas
Claras, Rio Sauza (Hershkovitz, 1951, FMNH);
Cundinamarca; Guasca, Rio Balcones (Hershko-
vitz, 1952, FMNH); Boqueron de San Francisco
(Hershkovitz, 1952, FMNH; Niceforo Maria,
1922, AMNH); San Cristobal, suburb of Bogota
(Hershkovitz, 1952, FMNH); Meta; Villavicencio
(Dillon, 1942, AMNH; Gilmore, 1940, AMNH);
La Guajira; Villanueva (Hershkovitz, 1942, 1943,
USNM); Norte de Santander; Pamplona (von
Sneidern, 1959, FMNH); ECUADOR: El Oro;
Santa Rosa (Tate, 1922, AMNH); El Chiral (An-
thony, 1920, AMNH); Taraguacocha, Cordillera
de Chilla (Anthony, 1920, AMNH); Canar; Chi-
cal (Tate, 1922, AMNH); San Antonio, 1 hr N of
Tambo (Tate, 1922, AMNH); Carchi; Montufar,
San Gabriel (Hershkovitz, 1934, UMMZ); Pichin-
cha; Mindo (Olalla, 1960, FMNH); Guaillabam-
ba, Riobamba (Simons, 1899, AMNH); Canon del
Rio Pita (Tate, 1923, AMNH); Tambillo, 3 km S
(Timm, 1983, FMNH); Las Maquinas, Santo Do-
mingo Trail (Tate, 1923, AMNH); Santa Rosa, not
located (Tate, 1922, AMNH); Tunguarahua; Ba-
nos, Oriente (Clark-Macintyre, 1938, MVZ, 1938,
FMNH); Palmera, E of Banos (Tate, 1924,
AMNH); Chimborazo; San Antonio (Tate, 1922,
AMNH); Azuay; Molleturo (Tate, 1922, AMNH);
Bestion (Anthony, 1921, AMNH); Zamora-Chin-
chipe; Sabinilla, Rio Zamora, near mouth Rio Sa-
banilla (Anthony, 1920, AMNH); Napo; Papallac-
ta (Voss, 1980, UMMZ); Marian (Timm, 1983,
FMNH); PERU: Piura; Huancabamba, Can-
chaque (Kalinowski, 1954, FMNH); Cajamarca;
Chaupe (Watkins, 1923, AMNH); Hacienda Tau-
lis (Koepcke, 1952, MVZ); Cajamarca (Simons,
1899, USNM); La Libertad; Pagash, not located
(1980, MVZ); Lima; Lima (Ramirez, 1955, MVZ);
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
27
Fig. 12. Distribution of Didelphis albiventris in South America: absent only from Amazon basin of Brazil, Chile,
and southern Argentina. This species in not known to occur in Central America, o = localities from unpublished
records; = localities given in published records.
28
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Amazonas; Corosha (Martinez, 1970, MVZ); Lor-
eto; Yanayaquilla, Rib Samiria (Bluntschli, 1912,
AMNH); Rio Samiria (Bluntschli, 1912, AMNH);
Hudnuco; Hacienda Buena Vista, Rio Chinchao
(Heller, 1922, FMNH); Carretera Central, E slope
Cordillera Carpish (Gardner, 1968, LSUMZ);
Huanuco (Zimmer, 1922, FMNH); Ambo (Heller,
1922, FMNH); Pasco; San Juan (Perez, 1964,
FMNH); Junin; Chanchamayo (Schunke, 1924,
USNM; 1948, FMNH); La Merced (Schunke,
1924, USNM); Utcuyacu (Watkins, 1919,
AMNH); Matichaca, near Puente Malalma
(O'Neill, 1972, LSUMZ); Tarma, 17 km below
(Gochfeld, 1972, AMNH); Ayacucho; Ayacucho
(Church, 1864, USNM; Thomas, USNM); Cusco;
Occobamba Valley [= Rio Ocobamba] (Heller,
1915, USNM); Ocobamba, below La Raya Pass
(1974, MVZ); Ocobamba (Pass) (Heller, 1915,
USNM); Ollantaytambo (Heller, 1915, USNM);
Limacpunco (Kalinowski, 1953, FMNH); Cusco
(Ceballos, 1954, FMNH); Apurimac; Uripa (Kal-
inowski, 1953, FMNH); Hacienda La Palmira
(Kalinowski, 1953, FMNH); Hacienda La Lagu-
na, near Andahuaylas (Kalinowski, 1953,
FMNH); Quebrada Matara (Sanborn, 1941,
FMNH); Puno; Oconeque (Koford, 1951, MVZ;
Sanborn, 1942, FMNH); VENEZUELA: Trujillo;
Trujillo, 15 km E (Kirsch, 1969, KU); Merida;
Hacienda La Carbonera, Paramo Tambor (Osgood
and Conover, 1920, FMNH); Rio Mucujun (Os-
good and Conover, 1920); Sucre; Cumanacoa
(Tate, 1925, AMNH); Bolivar; San Ignacio de Yu-
ran [= Yuruan], Rio Yuruan (Castellanos, 1986,
USNM); Chimanta-tepui (Steyermark and Wur-
dack, 1955, FMNH); Cerro Roraima (Tate and
Carter, 1927, 1928, AMNH); Arabopo (Tate and
Carter, 1928, AMNH); Towashing [= to wash-
ing?] Stream (Tate and Carter, 1927, AMNH);
Glycon Ridge (Tate and Carter, 1927, AMNH);
Amazonas; Central Camp, Cumbre no. 1 ; Cumbre
no. 13, Despiladero, Cerro Duida (Olalla Broth-
ers, 1929, AMNH); Cumbre no. 15, Cerro Duida
(Olalla Brothers, 1929, AMNH); Agiiita (Olalla
Brothers, 1929, AMNH); Laterite Valley (Olalla
Brothers, 1929, AMNH); BRAZIL: Mato Grosso
do Sul; Corumba (Hibbs, 1965, USNM; Kuns,
1965, USNM); Campo Grande, 13 km N (Hibbs,
1965, USNM; Kuns, 1965, USNM); Maracaju
(Gilmore, 1937, AMNH); Dourados, 25 km S
(Hibbs, 1965, USNM; Kuns, 1965, USNM); Mar-
anhdo; Sao Joao dos Patos (Cardosa, AMNH);
Piaui; localities along lower Rio Parnahyba, not
precisely located (Kaempfer, 1926, AMNH); Ba-
hia; Macaco Secco, near Serra Andarai [= An-
darahy] (Becker, 1913, FMNH); Sao Paulo; Cru-
zeiro (Robert, 1900, AMNH); Piquete (Robert,
1901, AMNH); Alto Parana, not located (Kuhl-
horn, 1953, FMNH); Rio Grande do Sul; Paso
Duraznero, Ayo da Mina [= Arroyo de la Mina]
(Ximenez, 1970, AMNH); Ceard; Juan, near Ig-
uatu (Becker, 1913, FMNH); BOLIVIA: La Paz;
Cochabamba; Incachaca (Miller and Boyle, 1915,
AMNH); Santa Cruz; PARAGUAY: Boqueron;
Fortin Guachalla (Willim, 1945, FMNH); Presi-
dente Hayes; Fortin General Genes [= General
Genes], 1.6 km NE of Asuncion (Myers, 1972,
MVZ); Villa Hayes, 24 km NW (Creighton, 1979,
UMMZ; Myers, MVZ); Central; Recoleta, Asun-
cion (Myers, 1977, AMNH; Myers, 1977, 1979,
UMMZ); Paraguari; Sapucay [= Sapucaf] (Fos-
ter, 1901, 1902, 1903, USNM); Parque Nacional
Ybycuf (Creighton, 1979, UMMZ; Dobson, 1979,
LSUMZ, UMMZ; Myers, 1979, LSUMZ, UMMZ);
Saltos de Pirareta, not located (Creighton, 1979,
UMMZ); Misiones; San Ignacio, 20 km W
(Hibbs, 1965, USNM); Ayolas, 5 km ENE (My-
ers, 1977, AMNH; Myers, 1977, UMMZ); Amam-
bay; Cerro Cora (Myers, 1977, UMMZ); Canen-
diyu; Curuguaty (Myers, 1979, UMMZ); Itapua;
Puerto San Rafael [= San Rafael] (Creighton,
1979, UMMZ); Encarnacion (Creighton, 1979,
UMMZ; Talbot, 1976, UMMZ); Caaguazii: Es-
tancia San Ignacio, 24 km NNW of Carayao (My-
ers, 1979, UMMZ); Coronel Oviedo (Myers,
1976, UMMZ); Colonia Sommerfield no. 11
(Wharton, 1950, USNM); Guaira; Villarica (Gil-
more, 1940, AMNH; Schade, 1923, AMNH); La
Cordillera; Altos, 20 km N (Myers, 1973, MVZ);
Tobati (Myers, 1979, UMMZ); URUGUAY: Ar-
tigas; Belen del Dragon, 6 km NNW (Langguth,
1963, AMNH); Rio Negro; Arroyo Negro, 15 km
S of Paysandu (Tuttle, 1963, AMNH; Ximinez,
1963, AMNH); Soriano; Estancia Concordia, 15
mi SW of Dolores (Sanborn, 1926, 1927, FMNH);
Cardona, 3 km E (Tuttle, 1963, AMNH); Colonia;
La Lata, 10 km S (La Lata is 40 km N of Rosa-
rio), (Sanborn, 1927, FMNH); Durazno; San Jor-
ge, Rio Negro, 15 km NNW (Barlow, 1963,
AMNH); Cerro Largo; Las Manas (Anderson,
1963, AMNH); Estancia Melo, 6 km SE (Barlow,
1963, AMNH; Koopman, 1963, AMNH; Lang-
guth, 1963, AMNH; Tuttle, 1963, AMNH; Xim-
enez, 1963, AMNH); Trienta y Tres; Boca del Rib
Tacuari (Barlow, 1963, AMNH; Tuttle, 1963,
AMNH; Ximenez, 1963, AMNH); Quebrada de
los Cuervos, 43 km N of Trienta y Tres (Sanborn,
1926, FMNH); ARGENTINA: Jujuy; Yuto (Con-
tino, 1957, 1958, 1960, AMNH); Salta; Rosario
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
29
de Lerma (Miller and Boyle, 1916, AMNH); Tu-
cumdn; Sarmiento [= Los Sarmientos] (Miller
and Boyle, 1916. AMNH); Corrientes: Itati
(Nachman, 1989, UMMZ): Corrientes, 20 km SE
(Thorington, Jr., 1980. USNM); Misiones; Foz do
Igua^u. 14 km NE, Itaipu Binacional, Refugio
Bela Vista (Mustrangi, 1993, MVZ); Misiones,
ARGENTINA Parana, BRAZIL; San Antonio
(Myers, 1976. UMMZ).
Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826
Didelphis azarae Temminck, 1824:30 (type locality,
none given, here restricted to eastern Sao Paulo:
holotype name designated: description based on
some juveniles in the Paris Museum, adults and
juveniles in the Vienna Museum and Frankfurt Mu-
seum. Gray. 1843:100 part. BRAZIL. Bertoni,
1923:51 PARAGUAY. Gardner. 1993:13 listed.
D[idelphis] azarae: Wagner. 1843b:38 part, descrip-
tion, part, synonymy. Wagner. 1850:126 a black-
eared opossum, not Azara's white-eyed micoure
premier; BRAZIL. Wagner. 1855:223 aurita
Wied-Neuwied. a synonym. Burmeister, 1856:6.
Thomas. 1888:328.
D[idelphys] aurita Wied Neuwied. 1826:395 BRA-
ZIL: Bahia (Villa Vicosa [= Nova Vicosa], Rio
Perufpe). Miranda-Ribero. 1936:336 BRAZIL:
Santa Catarina (Humboldt): Rio de Janeiro (Ther-
ezopolis).
Didelphys aurita: Burmeister. 1854:130 BRAZIL.
Burmeister. 1856:64 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro;
azarae Temminck. a synonym. Pelzeln. 1883:
109 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Rio Ipanema). Ihering.
1893:99 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Ihering.
1894:10 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo.
Didelphis aurita: Lund. 1839:233 BRAZIL: Minas
Gerais (Rio das Velhas). Hensel. 1869:290 BRA-
ZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Goeldi. 1894:457 BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Serra dos Orgaos). Ihering.
1914:343 part, synonyms; koseritzi Ihering. nigra
Ihering; BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Miranda Ri-
beiro. 1936:336 BRAZIL: Santa Catarina. Vi-
eira. 1949:342 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo; Espirito
Santo; Minas Gerais; Rio de Janeiro: Rio Grande
do Sul. Avila Pires. 1965:4 BRAZIL: Bahia (type
locality. Villa Vicosa [= Maroba = Nova Vicosa],
Rio Perufpe). lectotype. by selection, male, skin
mounted with skull. AMNH 836. Cerqueira. 1985:
141 BRAZIL: Alagoas (Sao Miguel dos Cam-
pos): Bahia (Bahia do Todos Santos [= Reconca-
vo]). Pires et al.. 1999:41 BRAZIL: Rio de Ja-
neiro (Poco das Antas Biological Reserve). Patton
et al.. 2000:47 BRAZIL: Bahia (Fazenda Beijo
Grande. 12 km S. 1 km E of Itabuna): Espirito
Santo (Mata da Caixa D' Agua). 1 .7 km W of Santa
Tereza): Parana (Fazenda Guaricana. Guaratuba.
Morretes): Sao Paulo (Fazenda Intervales, Base
Saibadela. Sete Barros). Mares and Braun, 2000:
32 ARGENTINA: Misiones (junction of High-
way 14 and 2 de Mayo Road, not located: junction
of Highway 21 and Arroyo Oveja Negra. 2 km W
of Parque Nacional Mocona. not located; Deseado;
Parque Nacional Iguazii: Puerto Iguazii; Puerto
Schwelm. not located; Reserva Natural Estricta San
Antonio: Rio Iguazii).
Didelphys marsupialis aurita: Cope, 1 889: 1 29 (un-
certain locality).
Didelpfns marsupialis aurita: J. A. Allen, 1902:
265,278 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro ("Rio Rodeio,
Serra do Mar. near Rio de Janeiro"); Sao Paulo
(Cruzeiro: Piquete); Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara).
Yepes. 1936:34 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul;
Sao Paulo; ARGENTINA: La Rioja (Villa Castelli)
Yepes. 1938:40 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul;
PARAGUAY ARGENTINA: La Rioja (Villa Cas-
telli). Travassos. 1945:494 BRAZIL: Espirito
Santo (Rio Itauna). Carvalho. 1965:251 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo (Boraceia. Estacao Biologica de
Boraceia). Crespo, 1974:2 ARGENTINA; Mi-
siones (Deseado: Rio Iguazii). Tyndale-Biscoe and
Mackenzie. 1976:260 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro
(Teresopolis; Jardim Botanico). Crespo. 1982a:
59 ARGENTINA: Misiones (Parque Nacional
Iguazii). Massoia et al.. 1987:1 16 ARGENTINA:
Misiones (Rio Urugua-i'). Fernandez et al., 1988:
221 BRAZIL; Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Grande; Ita-
curuca; Jaguanum).
Didelphis marsupialis L. subsp. Aurita: Luederwaldt.
1929:27 BRAZIL: Scio Paulo (Ilha de Sao Sebas-
tiao). Kumbiegel, 1941a:42 part, BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo (Serrinha; Serra do Bananal: Juquia: Serra
do Mar: Mato Grosso (Rio Ivinheima [now in Mato
Grosso do Sul]): ARGENTINA: Misiones; PAR-
AGUAY: San Pedro (Nueva Germania).
Didelphis marsupialis van rvpica: Thomas. 1888b:
323 part. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro.
Gamba aurita var. Brasiliensis Lias. 1872:329 new
name combination for aurita Wied-Neuwied. Gard-
ner, 1993:16 listed.
Didelphys koseritzi Ihering. 1893:99 BRAZIL: Rio
Grande do Sul (type locality: holotype presumably
in the Sao Paulo Museum, presented by Sefior Th.
Bischoff). Ihering, 1894:10 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo.
Gardner. 1 993: 1 6 listed.
[Didelphys (Marmosa)] koseritti: Trouessart, 1898:
1 240 incorrect spelling of koseritzi Ihering. 1893;
classification.
Didelphis koseritzi: Avila Pires. 1994:371 BRAZIL:
Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara).
Didelphxs cancrivora (not Gmelin. 1788): Hensel:
1873:114 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Pelzeln,
1883:110 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Sapitibi [ =
Sepetiba]: Registo do Sai). Winge. 1893:8,49
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa. Recent and
Pleistocene). Bertoni. 1914:68 PARAGUAY. Ber-
toni, 1939:6 PARAGUAY
Didelphis marsupialis: Thomas, 1902d:64 BRA-
ZIL: Parana (Roca Nova). Davis, 1945a: 119
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Davis,
1945b:280 BRAZIL. Davis. 1947:2 BRAZIL.
Vieira, 1953:219 BRAZIL: Alagoas (Sao Miguel
dos Campos; Mangabeiras). Varejao and Valle,
1982:42. 43 BRAZIL: Bahia (Ilheus; Nova Vi-
cosa): Minas Gerais (Abre Campo; Alem Paraiba;
Alfenas; Araponga; Barao de Cocais; Barra Longa:
Bela Vista de Minas; Cachoeira do Campo; Caete.
Cidade; Campanha; Canaa; Carmo de Cachoeira;
30
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fazenda da Cascata; Guaraciaba; Itabira; Itabirito;
Jequitinhonha; Juiz de Fora; Lambari; Leopoldina;
Manhuacu; Monte Bello; Ouro Preto; Parque For-
estal Estadual do Rio Doce; Parque Nacional de
Caparao; Pecanha; Pogos de Caldas; Ponte Nova;
Prados; Sabinopolis; Santa Maria de Itabira; Santa
Rita do Sapucaf; Sao Domingos do Prata; Sao Joao
de Jacutinga; Teofilo Otoni; Uba; Viscosa; Viscon-
de do Rio Branco; Volta Grande); Rio de Janeiro
(Nova Friburgo; Parque Nacional de Itatiaia; Rio
de Janeiro; Teresopolis); Espirito Santo (Nova Ve-
necia; Ponta da Fruta; Santa Teresa; Sao Francisco;
Venda Nova; Vitoria). Yonenaga Yasuda, 1982:
72 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Boraceia, Sao Paulo).
Santori et al., 1996:307 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro
(Barra de Marica). Caceres and Montero-Filho,
1998:169 BRAZIL: Parana (Curitiba).
Didelphis marsupialis marsupialis: Avila Pires and
Gouvea, 1977: 10 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Mon-
te Serrat [= Pico das Agulhas Negras]).
Didelphis aurita longipilis Miranda Ribeiro, 1935:
35 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (type locality, Co-
lonia Alpina, Teresopolis; cotypes, 2 males, MNRJ,
collected by Senor Reinisch). Avila Pires, 1968:
169 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Colonia Alpina).
Gardner, 1993:16 listed.
D[idelphis] longipilis: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:338,
footnote 1 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (type local-
ity, Teresopolis; cotypes MNRJ M6, M7).
Did[elphis aurita] melanoides Miranda Ribeiro, 1935:
36 BRAZIL: Miranda Ribeiro, 1935:35 BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (type locality, Teresopolis; ho-
lotypes or cotypes in MNRJ). Gardner, 1993:16
listed.
Holotype Female, skin and skull, presumably
in the Wied-Neuwied Museum [cf. holotype of
azarae Temminck].
Type Locality Villa Vicosa [= Nova Vic;o-
sa], Rio Peruipe [= Rio Peruhybe], Bahia, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 13) Atlantic forest of
southeastern Brazil, southeastern Paraguay and
northeastern Argentina.
Additional Records BRAZIL: Bahia; Uru-
cutuca (1944, 1945, KU; Rockefeller Institute,
1944, FMNH); Rio do Braco (1944, KU); Fazen-
da Almada (Rockefeller Institute, 1944, FMNH);
Fazenda Pirataquisse (1944, KU); Sao Paulo;
Guaratuba (de Souza Lopez, 1972, USNM); Mor-
retenho (Olalla, 1961, FMNH); Ribeirao Fundo
(Ollala, 1961, FMNH); Rocha (Ollala, 1960,
FMNH); Quebrado Penteado (Ollala, 1961,
FMNH); Primeiro Morro (Ollala, 1960, FMNH);
Estacao Biologica de Boraceia (Mustrangi, 1994,
MVZ); Santa Catarina; Joinville [= Joenvile]
(Schulter and Mass, FMNH); Rio de Janeiro; Pa-
raiba do Sul (Gilmore, 1937, AMNH); Guanabara,
Baia de (Gilmore, 1937, AMNH); Gavea, Rio de
Janeiro (Gilmore, 1937, AMNH); Tijuca (Gil-
more, 1937, AMNH); Trapicheiro (Whitman,
1938, AMNH).
Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758
[Didelphis] marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758:54. Gardner,
1993:16 listed.
0[possum]. Marsupialis: Schmid, 1818:116 classi-
fication.
S[arigua] marsupialis: Muirhead, 1819:429 part,
new combination.
Didelphis marsupialis: Rendall, 1897:342 TRINI-
DAD AND TOBAGO: Tobago (Tobago); St. Vin-
cent. J. A. Allen, 1900a:185. J. A. Allen, 1901d:
166, 182, 183 part (type locality restricted to
Valley of Mexico on basis of the tlacuatzin of
Hernandez). J. A. Allen, 1901e:92 name now re-
moved from the Virginian opossum and restricted
to the Tlacuatzin or Mexican opossum of Hernan-
dez, 1651. Thomas, 190 la: 153 GUYANA: Upper
Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Kanuku Mts.); name
based on the philander of Seba (not Linnaeus); type
locality, "Guiana." J. A. Allen, 1902:257, 276
name now regarded as based on philander maxi-
mum orientalis Seba; type locality "Guiana"; dis-
tribution; Guiana, eastern Venezuela, northern
BRAZIL. Menegaux, 1902:495 FRENCH GUI-
ANA: (Manicore, not located). J. A. Allen, 1904d:
337 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Ciudad Bolivar).
Osgood, 1910:39 VENEZUELA: Carabobo (Lake
[= Lago] Valencia). Thomas, 19 10b: 188 GUY-
ANA: Pomeroon-Supenaam (Supenaam River).
Thomas, 1911:143 SURINAME: (type locality);
Linnaean name based primarily on reference to
Seba. Osgood, 1914b: 147 PERU: San Martin
(Moyobamba); Loreto (Yurimaguas). Ihering,
1914:342 distribution. Pohle, 1927:244 BRA-
ZIL: Pernambuco (Dois Irmaos; Fundao); Paraiba
(Penha). Thomas, 1928a:264 PERU: Loreto (Sar-
ayacu). Gilmore, 1941:316 distribution. Harris,
1943:1 COSTA RICA: Cartago (El Muneco).
Tate, 1947:65 VENEZUELA: Aragua (Rancho
Grande, 1100 m). Sanderson, 1949:786 SURI-
NAME: Paramaribo. Vieira, 1952:31 BRAZIL:
Acre (Iquiri). Sanborn, 1953:4 PERU: Puno (San
Juan, Sandia, not located). Veiria, 1953:219
BRAZIL: Alagoas (Magabeira). Kuhlhorn, 1955:
163 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso. Guallart, 1962:
157 PERU: Amazonas (upper Rio Maranon). Oli-
vares, 1962:307 COLOMBIA: Meta (Rio Guaya-
bero). Pirlot, 1963:175, 178, 180 VENEZUELA:
Zulia (Kasmera, Rio Yasa). Avila Pires, 1964:12
BRAZIL: Amazonas (km 50, Manaus-Itacoatiara).
Alvarez and Ferrusquia, 1967:107 MEXICO:
Aguas Calientes (Aguascalientes [= Aguas Calien-
tes] [Pleistocene]). Handley, 1976:9 VENEZUE-
LA: Merida (Tabay); Barinas (Altamira); Miranda
(Alto No Leon [= No Leon, now in Distrito Fed-
eral], 31 km WSW; Caracas [now in Distrito Fed-
eral]; Rio Chico; Instituto Venezolano de Investi-
gaciones Cientificas [= I VIC]; Parque Nacional
Guatopo [now in Miranda-Guarico]; San Andres);
Amazonas (Belen; Boca Mavaca; Capibara; Puerto
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
31
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 13. Distribution of Didelphis aurita: southeastern Brazil, southeastern Paraguay, and northern Argentina.
32
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Ayacucho; San Juan; Tamatama); Tdchira (Las
Mesas); Distrito Federal (Boca de Tigre Valley;
Caracas; Hacienda Carapiche; Los Venados); Tru-
jillo (La Ceiba; Valera); Falcon (Mirimire; Boca de
Yaracuy; Rio Socopito); Lara (Caserio Boro); Zulia
(Cerro Azul; El Rosario; Kasmera); Apure (Rio
Cinaruco; Hato Cariben; Nulita); Anzodtegui (Clar-
ines); Sucre (Cumana; Ensenada Cuaranta; Mana-
cal); Guarico (Estacion Biologica de los Llanos);
Bolivar (Hato La Florida; Icabaru, 23-45 km NE;
Hato San Jose; km 125, 85 km SSE of El Dorado;
Rio Supamo); Monagas (Hato Mata de Bejuco; San
Agustin); Carabobo (Montalban); Aragua (Esta-
cion Biologica de Rancho Grande); Yaracuy (Mi-
nas de Aroa); Distrito Federal-Miranda (Pico Avi-
la); Carabobo- Falcon-Yaracuy (Urama). Mendez,
1977:166 COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (Buga;
Lago Calima; La Maria; Pichinde); Choco (Rio
Curiche). Reig et al., 1977:211 VENEZUELA:
Miranda (Carrizal); Merida (Bejuquero); Aragua
(Bahia de Cata; Rancho Grande); PERU: Ucayali
(Rio Curanjo, Balta). Husson, 1978:32 SURI-
NAME: Marowijne (Bigisanti); Sipaliwini (Oele-
marie Airstrip; Lucie River); Commewijne ("Cle-
via"; Nieuw Amsterdam); Paramaribo (Cultuur-
tuin; Paramaribo); Saramacca (Groningen); Nickeri
(Sipaliwini Airstrip; Wageningen); Coronie (Tot-
ness). Eisenberg et al., 1979:187 VENEZUELA:
Guarico (Fundo Pecuario Masaguaral); Miranda-
Guarico (Parque Nacional Guatopo). O'Connell,
1979:73 VENEZUELA: Guarico (Fundo Pecu-
ario Masaguaral); Miranda-Guarico (Parque Na-
cional Guatopo). Tyndale-Biscoe, 1980:711-712
COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (Buenaventura;
Cali; Pichinde); Meta (Finca El Buque). Terborgh
et al., 1984:1-29 PERU: Madre de Dios (Cocha
Cashu Biological Station, Parque Nacional del
Manu). Cerqueira, 1985:140 ECUADOR: Guay-
as (Ancon); PERU: Lambayeque (Eten; Lamba-
yeque); La Libertad (Pacasmayo); Piura (Piura).
Gardner, 1988:100 VENEZUELA: Amazonas
(Base Camp, Cerro de La Neblina) George et al.,
1988:39 BRAZIL: Para (Parque Nacional da
Amazonia). Perez-Hernandez, 1989:381-386
VENEZUELA: Yaracuy (Agua Negra; Norte de
Yaritagua; Sierra de Aroa); Zulia (Alguacil; Chi-
rulf); Distrito Federal (Alta Florida; Caracas; Car-
retera El Limon; Cerro El Avila; Urb. El Marques;
Corozal, Parque Nacional "El Avila"; Parque Na-
cional "El Avila"; El Eden, Parque Nacional "El
Avila"; El Encantado, Hacienda El Limon; La
Conchita, Hacienda El Limon; Los Chorros; Los
Venados, Parque Nacional El Avila; Zona Guaca-
tal. Hacienda El Limon; Suapo, Hacienda El Li-
mon); Miranda (Altos de Pipe, Instituto Venezo-
lano de Investigaciones Cientificas [I VIC]; Baruta;
Carrizales; La Cienega; La Providencia; La Toma
Capaya; La Union; El Hatillo; Los Guayabitos; Los
Teques; Turgua; Cortada del Guayabo); Carabobo
(Bahfa de Patanemo; Camino de los Espafioles; Los
Dos Bocas; Las Quiguas; Los Campamentos; Punto
Cabito; Valle Pascua); Merida (Bejuquero; Carlo
Tigre; Hacienda San Pedro, Santa Cruz de Mora
[= Santa Cruz]; Mina Carbon; Zea); Guarico (Car-
retera Calabozo-San Fernando de Apure; Dos Cam-
inos; El Socorro; Estacion Biologica de los Llanos,
Calabozo; Morichal Villasmil, Calabozo); Aragua
(Centra de Investigaciones de Fauna Silvestre; Es-
tacion de Piscicultura; Hacienda La Esperanza);
Portuguesa (Colonia Agricola Turen); Delta Ama-
curo (Giiiniquina; Los Guires); Cojedes (Carretera
San Carlos-Manrique; Hato El Tirado; Itabana al
Sur de las Vegas; Los Chupones); Anzodtegui (Pe-
kin Abajo; Valle Guanape). Timm et al., 1989:16
COSTA RICA: Heredia (Parque Nacional Braulio
Carrillo). Julien-Laferriere and Atramenwiez, 1990:
405 FRENCH GUIANA (Cabassou; Piste de
Saint Elie). Emmons, 1990:73 BOLIVIA: La Paz
(Rio Machariapo). Albuja, 1992:124 ECUADOR:
Guayas (Cerro Blanco); Los Rios (Jauneche). Em-
mons and Albuja, 1992:123 ECUADOR: Guay-
as-Manabi (Parque Nacional Machalilla). Pacheco
et al., 1993:5 PERU: Cusco (Hacienda Erika).
Emmons and Romo, 1994:140-143 PERU: Ma-
dre de Dios (Ccolpa de Guacamayas). Emmons et
al., 1994:146-149 PERU: Madre de Dios
("Aguas Claras" Camp; Puesto San Antonio; Re-
fugio Juliaca). Catzeflis, 1997:231 FRENCH
GUIANA (Sinnamary River; Crique Tigre). Adler
et al., 1997:361 COLOMBIA: Cordoba (El Con-
tento). Patton et al., 2000:47 COSTA RICA: Pun-
tarenas (Wigdale House; Monteverde); PANAMA:
Bocas del Toro (Isla Popa, 1 km E of Sumwood
Channel; Punta Alegre, Peninsula Valiente); GUY-
ANA: East Berbice-Corentyne (Mapenna Creek,
ca. 6 km from Corentyne River); Barima-Waina
(Baramita); ECUADOR: Napo (Parque Nacional
Yasuni, 20 km S of Pompeya Sur); BRAZIL: Para
(Floresta Nacional Tapirape-Aquiri, Municipio de
Maraba); Amazonas (Ilhazinha, left bank Rio Jurua
on Igarape Arabidi, affluent of Parana Breu; Ser-
ingal Condor, left bank Rio Jurua; Barro Vermelho,
left bank Rio Jurua; Estrada Picarreira, right bank
Rio Cauaburi, Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina;
right bank Rio Jau above mouth; Tambor, left bank
Rio Jau; Lago Meduinim, left bank Rio Negro; Boa
Esperanca, right bank Rio Jurua; Jainu, right bank
Rio Jurua; Ilha Paxiuba, right bank Rib Jurua; Lago
Vai-Quem-Quer, right bank Rib Jurua; Penedo; Al-
tamira); Acre (Igarape Porongaba, opposite, left
bank Rio Jurua; Igarape Porongaba, right bank Rio
Jurua; Nova Vida; Sobral). Voss et al., 2001:23
FRENCH GUIANA: (Piste St. Elie [= Piste St.
Elie Ecerex Station]; Petit Saut; Paracou) SURI-
NAME: Brokopondo (Brownsberg Nature Park);
Coronie (Totness); Saramacca (Bigi Poika).
Didelphys marsupialis: Goldfuss, 1809:215 classi-
fication. Thomas, 1893:10 TRINIDAD AND TO-
BAGO. Goeldi and Hagmann, 1 894:99 BRAZIL:
Para. Krumbiegel, 1941a:32, 42 distribution.
Sanderson, 1949:775, 786 SURINAME.
Didelphis marsupialis marsupialis: J. A. Allen, 191 1:
247 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Peru Mines, El Cal-
lao). J. A. Allen, 1916b:562 BRAZIL: Amazonas
(lower Rio Solimoes, not located). Anthony, 1921:
267 GUYANA: Essequibo (Kartabo [now in Cu-
yuni-Mazaruni]). Tate, 1939:160 part, VENE-
ZUELA: Bolivar (Cerro Auyan-tepuf [= Auyan-te-
puf]); Amazonas (Cerro Duida); GUYANA: Cuyu-
ni-Mazaruni (Mt. Roraima). Borrero and Hernan-
dez-Camacho, 1957:213 COLOMBIA: Santander
(San Vicente de Chucuri). Vieira, 1957:125
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
33
BRAZIL: Maranhao (Barra do Corda, Rio Mear-
im). Carvalho, 1961:5 BRAZIL: Roraima (Para-
na do Pocao, Caracaraf; Pocao, Boa Vista). Car-
valho, 1962:283 BRAZIL: Amapd (Vila Velha do
Cassipore, Oiapoque; Rio Maruanum; Macapa;
Cachoeira do Pancada [= Prosperidade], Rio Ma-
raca, Mazagao). Butterworth and Starret, 1964:3
VENEZUELA: Monagas (Maturfn, 32 km SE).
Anderson, 1997:145 BOLIVIA: Beni (Guayara-
merin; Riberalta; Rio Itenez, Costa Marquez, op-
posite [BRAZIL]; Rio Itenez, S of and 4 km SW
of Costa Marquez; Horquilla, Rio Machupo, 15 km
above; Versalles; Puerto Siles; Azunta; Camino
Vilches; San Joaquin; Aserradero Monte de San
Pablo; San Pablo Village; Exaltacion, 8 km N; Lar-
angeiras, 20 km W; Bahia de los Casara; Barran-
quita; Piedras Blancas; Yutiole; Rib Mamore, W
side; Los Totumu; Rio Tijamuchi, 5 km above
mouth; Rurrenabaque; Rio Ibare, mouth; Rio Ibare,
27 km above mouth; Ibiato; El Trapiche, 2 km E;
Campamento El Trapiche; Reseva Biologica del
Beni; San Ignacio de Moxos; Casarabe; La Em-
bocada; San Antonio, 10 km E; Camiaco; Rib Ma-
more 5 km NW mouth Rio Grande); Cochabamba
(Campamento Yuqui; Todos Santos; Villa Tunari, 2
km E; Hotel Las Pozas, Villa Tunari; Yungas; Villa
Tunari, 3 km SW; Chapare); La Paz (Rio Beni;
Mapiri; Puerto Linares; Guanay, Rio Challana, 5
km SE; Palos Blancos; Entre Ribs, 2 km W, not
located; La Reserva; Caranavi; El Vertego, Zongo
Valley; Chijchipani; Chijchijpa; Yuncas; Yolosito;
Astillero; Pitiguaya; Chulumani); Pando (Cobija,
10 km S; Rfo Nareuda; Manuripi Health National
Wildlife Reserve; Isla Gargantiia); Santa Cruz (Los
Palmares; Totaitu; Rio Ichilo, 54 km S mouth Rfo
Chapare; Zapoco; Yapacani; Santa Rosa, 7 km N;
San Miguel Rincon; Tocomechi; Buenavista, 7 km
N and 17 km W; Warnes; Santa Rosita; San Rafael
de Amboro; Santa Cruz de la Sierra; km 5 on road
to Cochabamba).
D[idelphis] m[arsupialis] marsupialis: Miranda Ri-
beiro, 1936:333 BRAZIL: Maranhao; Para. Car-
valho, 1961:5 BRAZIL: Rio Branco [now Rorai-
ma] (Po^ao; Boa Vista; Parana do Poao, Caracar-
af).
Didelphis m. marsupialis: Carvalho, 1961:5 BRA-
ZIL: Roraima (Pocao, Boa Vista; Parana do Pocao,
Caracaraf).
Didelphis marsuapialis marsuapialis: Avila Pires,
1964:8, 12 incorrect subsequent spelling for Di-
delphis marsupialis marsupialis Allen, 1911
BRAZIL: Amazonas (km 50, Manaus-Itacoatira
RR).
0\possum] marsupialis: Schmid, 1818:16 classifi-
cation.
Didelphis karkinophaga Zimmerman, 1780:226
FRENCH GUIANA: (type locality, Cayenne);
name based on Buffon's crabier. J. A. Allen and
Chapman, 1897:23 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO:
Victoria (Princestown); Caroni (Caparo); St.
George (Caura); DOMINICA. Bangs, 1900:89
COLOMBIA: La Guajira (Pueblo Viejo, Santa
Marta). J. A. Allen, 190 Id: 186 TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO. Robinson and Lyon, 1901:137 VE-
NEZUELA: Disthto Federal (La Guaira). Gardner,
1993:17 listed.
[Didelphis] Carcinophaga Boddaert, 1784:77 the
crabier of Buffon.
Did[elphis] carcinophaga: Cuvier, 1798:124.
[Didelphis] cancrivora Gmelin, 1788:108 FRENCH
GUIANA: (type locality, Cayenne); name based on
the crabier of Buffon. Gardner, 1993:17 listed.
Didelphis cancrivora: Kerr, 1792:195 Cayenne
opossum. Jentink, 1887:300 SURINAME: (spec-
imen figured by Temminck). Jentink, 1888:220
SURINAME.
Didelphis Cancrivorus: Shaw, 1800:476 incorrect
ending of specific name. E. Geoffroy, 1803:139
FRENCH GUIANA: (Cayenne).
Didelphys cancrivora: Waterhouse, 1841:85 BRA-
ZIL; GUYANA. Waterhouse, 1 846:473 northern
parts of South America. Tomes, 1860:268 EC-
UADOR. Burmeister, 1854:129 BRAZIL.
D[idelphvs] cancrivora: Cabanis and Schomburgk,
1848:777 GUYANA. Wagner, 1843:41 GUYA-
NA; BRAZIL.
D[idelphis] azarae: Tschudi, 1844:143 PERU: part,
tropical zone only.
Didelphis azarae: Jentink (not Temminck, 1824),
1888:219 SURINAME.
Didelphys aurita: Pelzeln, 1883: 109 BRAZIL:
Amazonas (Borba, Rfo Madeira); Mato Grosso
(Matogrosso).
Didelphis aurita: Ihering, 1904:425 BRAZIL: Ama-
zonas (Rfo Jurua).
Didelphis marsupialis aurita: Miiller (not Wied-Neu-
weid), 1914:8 BRAZIL: Para (Peixe-boi, Be-
lem). Krumbiegel, 1941:42 BRAZIL: Para (Ilha
Mexiana). Anderson et al., 1993:19 BOLIVIA:
Santa Cruz (Buena Vista; Buena Vista, near; Co-
chabamba; San Miguel Rincon; San Rafael de Am-
boro; Santa Cruz de la Sierra; Santa Rosita; Toco-
mechi; Warnes; Rfo Yapacanf).
Didelphys marsupialis van aurita: Menegaux (not
Wied-Neuweid), 1902:495 FRENCH GUIANA:
(Ouanary River).
Didelphys marsupialis L. subsp. Aurita: Krumbiegel,
1941a:42 part, BRAZIL: Para (Ipitinga; Fazenda
Nazareth, Ilha Mexiana).
Didelphys marsupialis van typica: Thomas (not Lin-
naeus, 1758), 1888b:323 part, TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO; BRAZIL: Para (Santarem); COLOM-
BIA: Antioquia (Concordia); VENEZUELA; GUY-
ANA: West Pomeroon-Supenaam Coast (Better
Hope); PERU: San Martin (Moyobamba). Krum-
biegel, 1941a:42 part, VENEZUELA: Aragua
(Maracay). Gardner, 1993:17 listed.
[Didelphys (Marmosa)] koseriti: Trouessart, 1898:
1240 incorrect subsequent spelling of koseritzi
Ihering, 1893 classification.
Didelphis karkinophaga caucae J. A. Allen, 1900b:
192 COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (type locality,
Cali; holotype, female, skin and skull, AMNH
14192; collected June 1898 by J. H. Batty). Gard-
ner, 1993:17 listed.
Didelphis marsupialis caucae: J. A. Allen, 1902:
261 COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (Cali). J. A.
Allen, 1 91 6a:200 COLOMBIA: Antioquia (Puerto
Valdivia; La Frijolera; Barro Blanco; Dabeiba);
Valle del Cauca (Rfo Frio); Quindio (Salento);
Huila (San Agustfn; Andalucfa; Honda [now in To-
lima]). Anthony, 1923:4 COLOMBIA: Antioquia
34
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
(El Poblado, near Medellfn). Gardner, 1973:69-71
(see for further information on localities in Mexico
and Central America) MEXICO: Tamaulipas
(Ejido Santa Isabel); San Luis Potosi (El Salto, Rib
Naranjo; El Naranjo [= Naranjos]; Rib Axtla; Xil-
itla; Tamazunchale; "Rancho Sabinal"); Hidalgo
(San Felipe Orizatlan); Veracruz-Llave (El Higo;
Hacienda Tamiahua, Cabo Rojo; Tuxpan; Tihu-
atlan; Papantla; Nautla; San Marcos; Tlapacoyan;
Las Minas; Jalapa; Jico; Mirador; Veracruz; Boca
del Rib; Fortm; Rio Metlac, 1 km W of Fortfn;
Potrero Viejo; Orizaba; San Juan de la Punta; Rio
Blanco. 20 km W of Piedras Negras; San Andres
Tuxtla: Catemaco; Lago Catemaco; Agua Dulce:
Jesus Carranza [= Santa Lucrecia]); Puebla (Met-
laltoyuca); Oaxaca (Yetla [= San Mateo Yetla];
Santo Domingo [= Santo Domingo Petapa]; Cerro
El Baiil, Rancho Carlos Minne; Tapanatepec [=
San Pedro Tapanatepec]); Tabasco (Alvaro Obre-
gon [= Frontera]; La Venta; Cardenas; Villa Her-
mosa; Mascuspana; Teapa; Rio Puyacatengo, 15
km E of Teapa); Chiapas (Palenque; Solusuchiapa;
Soyalo; El Real; Tuxtla; Chiapa de Corzo; Chiapa;
Comitan, 20 mi W; Zapaluta [= La Trinitaria], 18
mi E; Finca Ocuilapa; Risa de Oro; Finca Prusia;
Pa vol; Finca La Esperanza, 45 km N of Huixtla;
Finca Germania; Rib Huixtla, ca. 13 km N of Huix-
tla); Campeche (Apazote; Escarcega); Yucatan
(Chichen Itza); BELIZE: Cayo (Central Farm);
GUATEMALA: Peten (Toocoq); Aha Verapaz
(Chinaja; Chimoxan); Suchitepequez (Finca Sela-
che); Santa Rosa (Astillero); HONDURAS: Gra-
cias a Dios (Patuca; "Patuca River"); Atlantida
(La Ceiba); Cortes (San Pedro Sula); Santa Bar-
bara (Santa Barbara; Las Ventanas, Lago Yojoa);
Copdn (Copan); Lempira (Las Flores, Gracias);
Ocotepeque (Las Ventanas, near Belen Gualcho;
Nueva Octopeque); Francisco Morazdn (El Zapote:
Tegucigalpa); EL SALVADOR: Chalatenango
(San Jose del Sacare); Ahuachapdn (Barra de San-
tiago); Cuscatldn (Colima); San Miguel (Cerro Ca-
caguatique, N slope; Volcan de San Miguel; Lago
Olomega); Morazdn (Divisadero; Carolina Mine, 4
km W of Divisadero); Libertad (La Libertad); Son-
sonate (Hacienda Chilata); Usulutdn (Puerto del
Triunfo); NICARAGUA: Nueva Segovia (Jalapa);
Chinandega (Hacienda San Isidro; San Antonio);
Jinotega (Yali; Hacienda La Trampa, not located);
Matagalpa ("Lavala [= Savala]"; Santa Maria de
Ostuma; Finca Tepeyac); Zelaya ("Rib Coco"; Bo-
nanza; Kurinwas River; Rio Mico, S side El Re-
creo; El Recreo; Rib Escondido, 50 mi from Blue-
fields); Managua (Managua; Hacienda Azacualpa);
Boaco (Santa Rosa); Granada (Hacienda Mecate-
pe; La Calera, not located); Choluteca (Diriamba);
Chontales (Villa Somoza); Rio San Juan (La Es-
peranza; Toro Rapids; Greytown [= San Juan del
Norte]); COSTA RICA: Guanacaste (La Irma, Rfo
Abangares); Alajuela (Alajuela); Puntarenas (Mon-
teverde; San Geronimo Pirris; Finca Ligia, Parrita;
Pozo Azul; Palmar [= Palmar Sur]; Puerto Golfeto;
Camp Seattle, Osa Peninsula); San Jose (Finca Lor-
nessa; San Jose; San Pedro, Montes de Oca; Hatil-
lo; San Isidro del General [= Urefia]); Cartago
(Santa Teresa Peralta; Turrialba; Cartago); Limon
(Cariari; Pandora; "Talamanca"); PANAMA: Chi-
riqui (Cerro Punta; Palo Santo; Boquete; Concep-
tion; Boqueron; Progreso; Bambito; Tale; Guaba-
la); Bocas del Toro (Nievecita Farm: Boca del Dra-
go; Almirante); Veraguas (Santa Fe, Rio Santa Ma-
ria; Isla Coiba); Colon (Fort Sherman; Mojinga
Swamp; Camp Pina; Rio Indio; Gatun; Fort Davis;
Porto Bello; Colon); Code (El Valle); Los Santos
(Guanico; Cerro Hoya); Colon/Panama (Lion Hill;
Barro Colorado [= Barro Colorado Island]; Rio
Chagres); Panama (Juan Mina Station, Rib Cha-
gres; Rio Mandinga; Madden Road; Empire; Red
Tank; Fort Clayton; Curundu; Corozal; Ancon;
Quarry Heights; Fort Kobbe; Cerro Azul [= La
Zumbadora]; San Miguel Island [= Isla del Rey]);
San Bias (Mandinga; Armila); Darien (Rio Chu-
cunaque; El Real; Tacarcuna; Capeti; Cituro; Boca
de Rio Paya; Cerro Pirre; Cana; Jaque). Baker,
1974:135 ECUADOR: Esmeraldas (Cupa; Es-
meraldas; Quininde; Rib Verde); Guavas (Mira-
dor). Reig et al., 1977:21 1 COSTA RICA: San
Jose (Santa Ana). Wilson, 1983:443 COSTA
RICA: Puntarenas (Monteverde Forest Reserve;
Rincon; San Vito de Java); Heredia (Puerto Viejo
de Sarapaquf).
Didelphis karkinophaga colombica J. A. Allen.
1900b: 193 COLOMBIA: Magdalena (type local-
ity, Bonda, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; holo-
type, male, skin and skull, AMNH 15453, collected
19 April 1899 by H. H. Smith). Osgood, 1912:39
VENEZUELA: Zulia (El Panorama, Rfo Aurare).
Gardner, 1993:17 listed.
Didelphis marsupialis colombica: J. A. Allen, 1902:
260, 276 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (near Bo-
gota); Magdalena (Santa Marta). J. A. Allen,
1904d:4 18 COLOMBIA: Magdalena (Bonda;
Valparaiso).
Didelphis marsupialis cerca de colombica: Mendez,
1951:205 VENEZUELA: Miranda (El Hafillo,
La Union; Turgua).
Didelphis marsupialis tabascensis J. A. Allen, 190 Id:
1 73 MEXICO: Tabasco (type locality, Teapa; ho-
lotype, USNM 100512). W. B. Davis, 1944:374
MEXICO: Veracruz-Llave (Boca del Rio). Gardner,
1993:17 listed.
Didelphis marsupialis richmondi J. A. Allen, 190 Id:
175 NICARAGUA: Rio San Juan (type locality,
Greytown; holotype, adult female, USNM 33136/
45140). Harris, 1943:7 NICARAGUA: Rio San
Juan (Greytown); COSTA RICA: Cartago (El Mu-
neco). Gardner, 1993:17 listed.
Didelphis marsupialis insularis Rendall, 1897:342
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. J. A. Allen, 1902:
259, 276 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Caroni
(type locality, Caparo, holotype, male, skin and
skull, AMNH 7740/6124; collected 19 March 1894
by Frank M. Chapman); DOMINICA; GRENADA;
ST. VINCENT. G. M. Allen, 191 1:193 TRINI-
DAD AND TOBAGO; GRENADA (import); ST
VINCENT (import). Hollister, 1912:93 MARTI-
NIQUE. Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1936:6 TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO: (northern range). Beebe, 1952:
181 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: (Aruma Val-
ley, not located). Gardner, 1993:17 listed.
Didelphis marsupialis etensis J. A. Allen, 1902:262,
276 PERU: Piura (now in Lambaxaque) (type lo-
cality, Eten, 50 ft [= 15 m]); ECUADOR: Guayas
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
35
Fig. 14. Distribution of Didelphis marsupialis in Central America: Mexico south through Panama. See Figure 15
for distribution in South America, o = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
(Puna; Guayaquil); Esmeraldas (San Javier; Pam-
bilar): PANAMA: Chiriqui (Boquerdn: Boquete):
Panama (Isla San Miguel [= Isla del Rey]). J. A.
Allen, 1912a:74 COLOMBIA: Caldas (San Jose).
Osgood. 1914b: 148 PERU: La Libertad (Meno-
cucho: Hacienda Llagueda). J. A. Allen. 1916d:
116 ECUADOR: Esmeraldas; Guayas (Puna [=
Isla Puna]; Daule); Loja (now in El Oro) (Zaruma).
J. A. Allen. 1 9 16a:200 COLOMBIA: Caldas
(San Jose); Narino (Barbacoas): Owed (Bagado).
Thomas. 1920c: 247 PERU: Cusco (Santa Ana).
Thomas. 1927a:372 PERU: La Libertad (Pacas-
mayo); Amazonas (San Nicolas. 1364 m). Gardner.
1993:17 listed.
Didelphis marsupialis battyi Thomas. 1902e:137
PANAMA: (type locality. Coiba Island [= Isla Coi-
ba], Veraguas; holotype. old female. BMNH orig-
inal number 106). Gardner. 1993:17 listed.
Did[elphis] mesamericana mesamericana J. A. Allen.
1902:251 (part, not available from Oken. 1816).
Davis. 1944:374 part. MEXICO: Puebla (Rio
Otlati). Nuevo Leon (Rfo Ramos). Gardner. 1993:
17 listed.
Didelphis marsupialis particeps Goldman. 1917:
107 PANAMA: (type locality. San Miguel Island
[= Isla San Miguel]. Golfo de Panama. Panama;
holotype. adult female. Banas Collection. MCZ
8439). Gardner. 1993:17 listed.
Didelphis [sp.]: Guallan. 1962:157 PERU: Amazon-
as (upper Rio Maraiion).
Holotype None in existence, name based on
Seba's (1734:64) philander maximus orientalis,
Oldfield Thomas, 1911, by subsequent designa-
tion.
Type Locality SURINAME.
Distribution (Figs. 14 and 15) Tropical and
subtropical zones of Mexico from Tamaulipas
south through Central America into Panama, Co-
lombia. Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, the Guianas,
Bolivia. Brazil, and Paraguay.
Additional Records MEXICO: Tarnaulipas;
Llera, Santa Isabel (Schaldach and Grissi. 1954,
KU); San Luis Potosi; Ebano (Dalquest, 1950,
LSUMZ); Bledos (Dalquest, 1950, LSUMZ); Ha-
cienda Capulin (Dalquest. 1950, LSUMZ); Axtla
(Dalquest, 1946, KU); La Joya. near Xilitla
(Shaw, 1947. LSUMZ); Veracruz-Have; Potrero
(Lee, 1960. KU); Tenochtitlan (Lackey, 1958,
UMMZ); Oaxaca; Acatlan (Miller, 1976,
UMMZ); Mitla, 25 mi S of Oaxaca (Eyster, 1968,
LSUMZ); Chiapas; Palenque. Ruinas de (Kilgore,
1965. KU); Pichucalco (Smith, 1965, KU); Cam-
peche; Isla del Carmen (Stanley, 1962, KU); BE-
LIZE: Cayo; Mt. Pine Ridge, not located (Murie,
1931. UMMZ); GUATEMALA: Peten; Uaxactun
(Murie. 1931, UMMZ): Tikal (Cantrall, 1956,
UMMZ): La Libertad (Jones, Jr., 1960, KU); San-
36
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
| - II Didelphis marsupialis
10
20
30
40
50
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Fig. 15. Distribution of Didelphis marsupialis in South America: throughout South America and Trinidad and
Tobago, but currently unknown in Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. See Figure 14 for distribution in Central America.
o - localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
37
ta Rosa; Finca El Progresso (de la Torre, 1951,
UMMZ): Suchitepequez; Salache (Anthony, 1924,
AMNH): EL SALVADOR: Morazdn; Monte
Cristo Mine, not located (Hildebrand, 1941,
MVZ); NICARAGUA: Managua; Lago Jiloa
(Kuhn, 1958, AMNH); Matagalpa; Hacienda Te-
peyac. near Matagalpa (Clark, 1914. KU); Boaco;
Boaco (Schlitter. 1967, KU; COSTA RICA: Pun-
(arenas; Jaco, 10 km N (Hafner, 1984. LSUMZ);
San Jose; Universidad [de Costa Rica], San Jose
(McPherson. 1966, LSU); Cartago; Santa Rosa
(Hafner, 1987, LSUMZ); Alajuela; Palmira de
Zarcero (Smith, 1936, FMNH); PANAMA: Chi-
riqui; Nicaragua Boquete, not located (Gaige,
1923, UMMZ): Panama; Balboa (Godfrey. 1948,
UMMZ); Tapia (1923, FMNH); Darien; Yaviza
(Cavalier, 1967. MVZ); La Laguna (1963,
UMMZ); COLOMBIA: Owed; Ungufa (Hersh-
kovitz, 1950. FMNH); COLOMBIA: Valle del
Cauca; Riolima. near San Antonio. W of Cali
(Batty. 1898. AMNH); San Jose (Richardson,
1910, AMNH): Rio Raposo (Thornton, 1962,
USNM); Caldas [= Dagua] (Richardson. 1910,
AMNH); Las Lomitas [= Lomitas] (Richardson,
1911, AMNH); Rio Bariatou (= Barratow), near
Cali (Batty, 1898, AMNH); Guengue (Richard-
son. 1911, AMNH); Cauca; Cerro Munichique
(von Sneidern, 1957, FMNH); Rio Saija (von
Sneidern, 1958, FMNH); Charguayaco (von Snei-
dern, 1956, FMNH); Sabanetas (von Sneidern,
1957, 1958, FMNH); Chisqufo (von Sneidern,
1957, FMNH); Totoro (von Sneidern, 1957,
FMNH); Popoyan (von Sneidern, 1957, FMNH);
Purace (Carriker Jr., 1956, USNM); Cauca Seca
(= Rio Cauca). not precisely located (Batty. 1898.
AMNH); Atldntico; La Pena (Hershkovitz, 1952.
FMNH); Cordoba; Socorre (Hershkovitz, 1949,
FMNH); Antioquia; Turbo (Hershkovitz, 1950,
FMNH); Zaragoza (Peterson, 1970, 1971.
USNM); La Cabana (Hershkovitz, 1950, FMNH);
Valdivia (Hershkovitz, 1950, FMNH); Urrao
(Hershkovitz. 1951, FMNH); Club Campestre, 1
mi S of El Poblado (Van Deusen, 1952, AMNH):
Sonson (Niceforo Maria, 1922, AMNH; 1923,
USNM); Huila; Villavieja (Miller, 1949, MVZ);
Naranjal, Valle de Suaza (Del Aguila, 1971,
USNM); Guapaton, Valle de Suaza (Del Aguila,
1971. USNM): San Isidro, Valle de Suaza (Del
Aguila, 1971. USNM): Picuma, Valle de Suaza
(Del Aguila. 1971. USNM); Marmato, Valle de
Suaza (Del Aguila. 1971. USNM); Avispero, Val-
le de Suaza (Del Aguila. 1971. USNM): El Alto,
Valle de Suaza (Del Aguila. 1971, USNM); Las
Quemadas, Valle de Suaza (Del Aguila, 1971,
USNM); Belgica, Valle de Suaza (Del Aguila,
1971, USNM); San Calixto, Valle de Suaza (Del
Aguila, 1971, USNM); Valle de Sauza (Del Agui-
la, 1971, USNM); San Adolfo (Hershkovitz,
1951, FMNH); Putumayo; Puerto Asis (Kirsch,
1969, KU); Rio Mecaya, Rio Caqueta (Hershko-
vitz, 1952, FMNH); Caqueta; Tres Troncas
(Hershkovitz, 1952, FMNH); Magdalena; Pueblo
Bello, Valledupar (Hershkovitz, 1942, USNM); El
Salado (Hershkovitz, 1942, USNM); Cesar; San
Sebastian (Hershkovitz, 1950, FMNH); Colonia
Agncola de Caracolicito (Hershkovitz. 1942,
USNM); Rio Guaimaral (Hershkovitz, 1942,
USNM); El Orinoco, Rio Cesar (Hershkovitz,
1943, USNM); Bolivar; San Juan Nepomuceno
(Hershkovitz, 1949, FMNH); Cundinamarca; San
Juan de Rioseco (Niceforo Maria, 1924, AMNH);
Meta; Guaicaramo [= Guaycarama] (Niceforo
Maria, 1926, AMNH): Finca El Capricho, Villa-
vicencio (Kirsch. 1969, KU); Villavicencio (Gil-
more, 1939, AMNH; Moreno, 1946, MVZ; Ni-
ceforo Maria, 1925, AMNH); Serrania de Macar-
ena [= La Macarena] (Dillon, 1942, AMNH); Ca-
ney [= Restrepo] (Boshell, 1939, AMNH; Wellan,
1937, AMNH); La Guajira; Honda Bay [= Bahia
Honda] (Hosves, 1913, AMNH); Villanueva
(Hershkovitz, 1942, USNM); Las Marimondas
(Hershkovitz, 1942, 1943, USNM); Norte de San-
tander; Rio Tarra (Hershkovitz, 1943, USNM);
Guamalito (Hershkovitz, 1943, USNM); Arauca;
Rio Arauca (von Sneidern, 1959, FMNH); EC-
UADOR: Manabi; Bahia de Caraquez (Tate,
1923, AMNH); Guayas; Cordillera de Colconche,
near Manglaralto (Hershkovitz, 1934, UMMZ);
Cerro Manglaralto (Anthony and Tate, 1923,
AMNH); Bucay (Tate, 1921, AMNH); Ventura
(Tate, 1922, AMNH); El Oro; Santa Rosa (Tate,
1921, AMNH); Portovelo (Anthony, 1920, AMNH);
Rio Pindo (Anthony, 1920, AMNH); Salinas,
(Anthony, 1920, AMNH); Loja; Alamor (An-
thony, 1920, AMNH; Tate, 1921, AMNH); San
Bartolo (Tate, 1921, AMNH); Guainche (Tate,
1921, AMNH); Limona, not precisely located
(Tate, 1921, AMNH); Los Rios; Limon (Tate,
1923, AMNH); Vinces (Tate, 1922, AMNH); Ha-
cienda Santa Teresi (McLean, 1974, USNM);
Chimborazo; Pallatanga (Tate, 1922, AMNH);
Puente de Chimbo (Tate, 1922, AMNH); Rio
Chimbo. Coto (Tate, 1922, AMNH); San Antonio
(Tate. 1922, AMNH); Zamora-Chinchipe; Zamora
(Anthony, 1920, AMNH); Napo; Santa Cecilia
(Lynch, 1967, KU); Limoncocha (Emmons, 1974,
USNM); San Jose Nuevo [= San Jose] (Olalla,
1924, AMNH); Rio Napo, not precisely located
38
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
(von Baumann/Roosevelt, 1936, AMNH); Pasta-
za; Sarayacu (Tate, 1924, AMNH); Montalvo
(Olalla, 1932, FMNH); Copataza (Tate, 1924,
AMNH); PERU: Tumbes; Tumbes (Steere, 1873,
UMMZ); Piura; "Batan," on Zapalache-Carmen
Trail (Barkley, 1980, LSUMZ); Palambla (Wat-
kins, 1922, AMNH); Lambayeque; Motupe
(Smith, 1981, LSUMZ); Lima; Yangas (Pearson,
1968, MVZ); Cajamarca; Huarandosa, Rio Chin-
chipe (Watkins, 1923, AMNH); Amazonas; Rio
Kagka, headwaters (Patton, 1978, MVZ); La
Poza, Rio Santiago (Patton, 1979, 1981, MVZ);
Luya (Patterson, 1987, FMNH); Huampami (Agu-
aruna Village, Rio Cenepa) (Patton, 1977, MVZ);
Tseasim (Aguaruna Village, Rio Huampami), not
precisely located (Patton, 1977, MVZ); Loreto;
Rio Curaray, boca (Olalla, 1925, AMNH); Que-
brada Oran (Chupasko, 1984, LSUMZ); Rio
Napo, lower (Bassler, 1928, AMNH); Santa Rita
(Kalinowski, 1956, FMNH); Iquitos (Bassler,
1927, AMNH); Quistococha (Hershkovitz, 1980,
FMNH); Nauta, left bank Rio Samiria (McGrath,
1980, KU); Santa Elena (Kalinowski, 1956,
FMNH); Yanayaquillo, Rio Samiria (Bluntschli,
1912, AMNH); Rio Samiria (Bluntschli, 1912,
AMNH); San Lorenzo (Kalinowski, 1957,
FMNH); Biological Station "Pithecia" (Hersh-
kovitz, 1980, FMNH); Hudnuco; Tingo Maria
(Heller, 1922, FMNH); Hacienda Exito (Heller,
1922, FMNH); Hacienda Porvenir, 4 mi above
Hacienda Exito (Heller, 1922, FMNH); Hacienda
Buena Vista (Heller, 1922, FMNH); Pasco; Po-
zuzo, Oxapampa (Heller, 1923, FMNH); Nevati
Mission (Buck, 1964, AMNH; Meyers, 1964,
AMNH; Tuttle, 1964, AMNH); San Pablo (Tuttle,
1964, AMNH); Junin; Quinisa, Chanchamayo
(Schunke, 1924, USNM); San Ramon (Anderson,
1914, FMNH); Utcuyacu (Watkins, 1919,
AMNH); Ayacucho; Luisiana [= Hacienda Luisi-
ana] (Gardner, 1971, LSUMZ; Koford, 1963,
AMNH); Ucayali; Yarinacocha (Schunke, 1945,
FMNH); Pucallpa (Hinsch, 1971, 1972, USNM);
Balta (Gardner, 1966, 1968, LSUMZ; O'Neill,
1971, LSUMZ); Lagarto (Olalla, 1928, AMNH);
Santa Rosa, Alto Ucayali (Olalla, 1927, AMNH);
Cusco; Kiteni (Thomas, 1974, LSUMZ); Madre
de Dios; Altamira (Kalinowski, 1962, FMNH);
Puerto Maldonado, Reserva Cuzco Amazonico
(Alegria, MVZ; Hooper, Jr., 1990, KU; Schmidt,
1989, KU; Timm, 1990, KU; Warner, 1983, MVZ;
Woodman, 1989, KU); Tambopata (Hibbs, 1965,
USNM); Puno; Challoma, 3 mi below San Juan
on Rio Tambopata (Heller, 1950, 1951, 1952,
FMNH); VENEZUELA: Zulia; Rio Anaure [ =
Aurare] (Osgood and Jewett, Jr., 1911, FMNH)
Machiques, Kasmera (Kirsch, 1969, KU); Meri
da; Merida (Osgood and Conover, 1920, FMNH
Gabaldon, 1904, AMNH); San Jacinto (Briceno
1903, AMNH; Osgood and Conover, 1920
FMNH); La Vega del Rio Chama (Gabaldon
1907, AMNH); Sierra Nevada de Merida (Osgood
and Conover, 1920, FMNH); Tdchira; La Grita
(Gochfeld, 1974, AMNH); Falcon; La Pastora
(Smithsonian Venezuelan Project, 1967, USNM);
Lara; El Tocuyo (Smithsonian Venezuelan Pro-
ject, 1968, USNM); Trujillo; Motatan (Kirsch,
1969, KU); Trujillo, 15 km E of (Kirsch, 1969,
KU); Apure; Puerto Paez (Smithsonian Venezue-
lan Project, 1966, USNM); Aragua; Ocumare de
la Costa (Handley, Jr., 1960, USNM); Camp Ran-
gel, not located (De La Barera, USNM); Miranda;
Nucleo El Laurel, not located (Kirsch, 1969, KU);
Sucre; Cuchivano (Tate and Clement, 1925,
AMNH; Tate, 1925, AMNH); Latal (Tate, 1925,
AMNH); Neveri (Tate, 1925, AMNH); Monagas;
Cocollar (Tate, 1925, AMNH); Caicara de Matu-
rin [= Caicara] (Smith, Jr., USNM); Bolivar; Cai-
cara (Cherrie, 1907, AMNH); Kanavayen (Mc-
Guire, 1952, AMNH); Chimanta Massif, Lower
Cumbre Camp, Chimanta-tepui, Rio Tiraca (Stey-
ermark and Wurdach, 1955, FMNH); Amazonas;
Cano Leon, Cerro Duida (Olalla, 1928, AMNH);
Chorrera de Vegas (Olalla Brothers, 1929,
AMNH); Middle Camp, Cerro Duida (Tate, 1928,
AMNH); Laterite Valley, Cerro Duida (Olalla,
1929, AMNH); Sabana Grande, Cerro Duida
(Olalla, 1929, AMNH); Cumbre no. 1, Cerro Dui-
da (Olalla, 1929, AMNH); Cumbre no. 15, Cerro
Duida (Olalla, 1929, AMNH); Desfiladero, Cum-
bre no. 13 (Olalla, 1929, AMNH); Esmeralda
(Olalla, 1928, AMNH); Rio Ocamo [= Rio Ocor-
no], boca, Rio Orinoco (Olalla, 1929, AMNH);
San Geronimo, Cerro San Miguel, not located
(Olmstead, 1938, AMNH; Roe, 1938, 1939,
AMNH); Rio Casiquiare (Olalla, 1929, AMNH);
La Fortuna, Cerro San Miguel, not located (Roe,
1938, 1939, AMNH); San Miguel, Palenque, not
located (Roe, 1938, AMNH); TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO: St. George; Port-of-Spain (AMNH);
San Rafael (Wonder, 1942, FMNH); Carom;
Brickfield (Wonder, 1947, FMNH); St. David;
Grande Riviere, near Tree Station (Downs, 1956,
AMNH); Heights of Oropuche [= El Cerro del
Oropuche] (Carriker, 1910, AMNH); St. Andrew;
Cumaca [= Cumacca] (1967, AMNH); Mt. Harris
(Wonder, 1947, FMNH); Matura (Downs, 1956,
AMNH); Turure Forest (1967, AMNH); Rio San-
gre Grande (Downs, 1956, AMNH); Maingot Es-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
39
tates, 5 mi from Sangre; Nariva; Bush Bush, Na-
riva Swamp (Downs, 1960, AMNH); GUYANA:
Cuyuni-Mazaruni; Oko Mts. (Blake, 1937,
FMNH); Kalacoon [= Kalakun] (Beebe, 1916,
AMNH); Potaro-Siparuni; Tumatumari (Miller,
1913, AMNH); Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo;
Pakani (Mortensen, 1975, USNM); Dadanawa, 15
mi E (Brock, 1964, USNM); Demerara-Mahaica;
Rio Demerara (Dahlgren, 1922; Warren, 1924,
FMNH); Buxton, 1 mi E (Blake, 1937, FMNH);
SURINAME: Sipaliwini; Tapanahoni, Paloemeu;
Wilhelmina Mountains, West River (Beatty, 1961,
FMNH); Nickerie; Kayser Gebirgte Airstrip
(Beatty, 1960, FMNH); Saramacca; La Poule, left
bank Saramacca River (Hershkovitz, 1962,
FMNH); Para; Lelydorplan [= Lelydorp] (Hersh-
kovitz, 1961, 1962, FMNH); Brokopondo; Loksie
Hattie, Saramacca River (Hershkovitz, 1961,
FMNH); BRAZIL: Manuinhos, not located (Ven-
ancio, 1934, USNM); Roraima; Flexal [= Fre-
chal], Rio Surumu (Tate and Carter, 1927.
AMNH); Serra da Lua, near Boa Vista (Anderson
and Becker, 1913, FMNH); Conceicao (Anderson,
1912, FMNH); Amazonas; Uaupes [= Sao Gabri-
el] (Olalla Brothers, 1928, AMNH; Olalla, 1929,
AMNH); Yucali [= Iucaf] (Olalla Brothers, 1929,
AMNH); Santa Isabel [= Tapurucuara] (Holt,
1930, USNM); Miripinima [= Mirapinima] (Olal-
la Brothers, 1929, AMNH); Parintins [= Villa
Bella Imperatriz = Bella Imperatriz], Boca Rio
Andira (Olalla Brothers, 1930, 1931, AMNH);
Cacau Pirera [= Cacao Pereira] (Olalla Brothers,
1929, 1930, AMNH); Manaus (Becker, 1913,
FMNH); Itacoatiara (Becker, 1915, FMNH); Ro-
sarinho [= Rozarinho] (Olalla Brothers, 1930.
AMNH); Auara Igarape (Olalla Brothers, 1930,
AMNH); Acre; Sena Madureira (1976, USNM);
Amapd; Calcoene (USNM); Serra do Navio
(1966, 1967, 1968, USNM; Belem Virus Labo-
ratory, 1966, USNM; de Pinheiro, 1968, USNM);
Para; Ilha de Marajo (Gilmore, 1936, AMNH:
Kumm, 1936, AMNH); Estrada Ferro de Bragan-
ca (Snethlage, 1911, FMNH); Belem (Belem Vi-
rus Laboratory, 1967, USNM; Pine, 1968,
USNM; Pine, 1973); Villarinho do Monte, Rio
Xingu (Olalla Brothers, 1931, AMNH); Capim
(Belem Virus Laboratory, 1960, AMNH); Porto
de Moz, Rio Xingu (Olalla Brothers, 1931,
AMNH); Ilha do Taiuna. Rio Tocantins (Olalla
Brothers, 1931, AMNH): Igarape Bravo, Rio Ta-
pajos (Olalla Brothers, 1931, AMNH); Faro (Olal-
la Brothers, 1931, AMNH); Sao Jose, near Faro
(Olalla, 1931, AMNH); Cameta, Rio Tocantins
(Olalla Brothers, 1931, AMNH); Igarape Amorin
[= Limontuba], Rio Tapajos (Olalla Brothers,
1931, AMNH); Limoal, near Igarape Amorin, not
located (Olalla Brothers, 1931, AMNH); Moca-
juba, Rio Tocantins (Olalla Brothers, 1931,
AMNH); Piquiatuba, Rio Tapajos (Olalla Broth-
ers, 1931, AMNH); Baiao, Rio Tocantins (Olalla
Brothers, 1931, AMNH); Caxiricatuba, Rio Ta-
pajos (Olalla Brothers, 1931, AMNH); Tauari [ =
Tauary], Rio Tapajos (Olalla Brothers, 1931,
AMNH); Altamira (Emmons, 1986, USNM); For-
dlandia (Gilmore, 1938, AMNH); Itaituba (1976,
USNM; Pinheiro, 1972, USNM); Inajatuba, lower
Rio Tapajos, not located (Olalla Brothers, 1931,
AMNH); Mato Grosso; Aripuana (1974, USNM);
Caceres (Hibbs, 1965, USNM; Kuns, 1965,
USNM); Narinja, not located (AMNH); Maran-
hao; Sao Luis [= Maranhao] (Kaempfer, AMNH);
Distrito Federal; Cruzeiro, near Brasilia (Robert,
1900, AMNH); BOLIVIA: Beni; Rio Beni (An-
derson, 1985, AMNH); Rio Mamore, 5 km NW
of Rio Grande (Anez, 1965, AMNH); Vaca Diez
(Hibbs, 1965, USNM); Estancia Yutcole, 20 km
S of San Joaquin (Anez, 1965, AMNH); Estancia
La Cabana, 1 km E of La Embocada (Creighton.
1979, UMMZ); Santa Cruz; Cerro Amboro, Rio
Pitisama [= Pitasama] (Riddle, 1985, AMNH);
PARAGUAY: Caaguazu; Colonia Sommerfield
no. 11 (Wharton, 1950, USNM); Itapua; El Tirol
(Jones, 1978, MVZ).
Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792
Didelphis virginiana Kerr. 1792. In Linnaeus, Animal
Kingdom, p. 193. Synonymy omitted. Gardner,
1993:17 listed.
Type Based on the "Virginian Opossum" of
Pennant, 1781:301.
Type Locality Virginia.
Distribution (not mapped) From British Co-
lumbia to southern Ontario, Canada, into the Unit-
ed States, and introduced into California, south
into Baja California del Norte; Mexico and Cen-
tral America into northern Costa Rica.
Remarks See Gardner, 1973 and 1993; Reig
et al., 1977, for synonymy.
Regarded as extralimital Gardner (1973) list-
ed the following subspecies, Didelphis virginiana
pigra, Bangs, 1898; Didelphis virginiana califor-
nica Bennett, 1833; Didelphis virginiana yucata-
nensis Allen, 1901e.
40
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Genus Gracilinanus Gardner and Creighton,
1989
Marmosa microtarsus Group: Tate, 1933:8, 10, 34,
43, 47, 49, 185 part, the microtarsus section only.
Creighton, 1984:51, 98 species.
Thylamys: Kirsch and Calaby, 1977:14 subgenus of
Marmosa, part, the species of Tate's microtarsus
section only. Reig et al., 1987:7 part, the species
of Tate's microtarsus section; distribution.
Gracilinanus Gardner and Creighton, 1989:4. Gard-
ner, 1993:17 listed.
Type Species Didelphys microtarsus Wagner,
1842, by original designation.
Distribution (Fig. 16) Forested or wooded
areas of South America from the Caribbean coast
of Colombia and Venezuela in the north to the
Delta del Rio Parana in the south.
Gracilinanus aceramarcae (Tate, 1931)
Marmosa aceramarcae Tate, 1931:12. Tate, 1933:
202 BOLIVIA: holotype only. Goodwin, 1953:
226.
Gracilinanus aceramarcae: Gardner and Creighton,
1989:5. Gardner, 1993:17 listed.
Holotype Young adult female, skin and skull,
AMNH 72568; collected 26 May 1926 by G.H.H.
Tate.
Type Locality Rio "Aceramarca" [= Rio
Aceromarca], Rio Unduavi, Yungas, La Paz, Bo-
livia, 10800 ft (= 3370 m).
Distribution (Fig. 17) Known only from east
side of Lago Titicaca and Bolivia.
Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854)
Didelphis murina: Lund (not Linnaeus, 1758), 1839:
233 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Rio das Velhas).
Lund, 1841: 51, 52, 106, 107, 134, 237, 265, 293
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa). Lund,
1842:135 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Didelphis pusilla: Lund (not Desmarest, 1804), 1839:
233 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Rio das Velhas).
Lund, 1841:106, 134, 237, 265, 293 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa). Lund, 1842:133,
199 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
M[armosa] pusilla: Thomas (not Desmarest, 1804),
1900a:549 part, BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa
Santa); agilis Burmeister a synonym.
Grymaeomys pusillus: Winge (not Desmarest, 1804),
1893:27 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Didelphis elegans: Lund (not Waterhouse, 1839),
1840:312, 315 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais; murina
Lund (not Linnaeus), a synonym. Lund, 1842:133,
135, 199 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Marmosa elegans: Miranda Ribeiro (not Waterhouse,
1839), 1914 Annexo, 5:48 BRAZIL: Mato Gros-
so (Salto do Sepotuba).
Didelphys [(Grymaeomys)] agilis Burmeister, 1854:
139- BRAZIL type description.
Grymaeomys agilis: Burmeister, 1856:82 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
[Marmosa] agilis: Trouessart, 1898:1241 classifica-
tion. Krumbiegel, 1941c:7 BOLIVIA: Tarija
(Villa Montes).
Didelphis agilis: Mohr, 1941:226 type history.
Marmosa agilis: Alho et al., 1986:447, 451, 452
BRAZIL: Distrito Federal (Parque Nacional de
Brasilia; Fazenda Agua Limpa). Mares et al., 1986:
294 BRAZIL: Distrito Federal (Fazenda Agua
Limpa, Universidade de Brasilia; Reserva Ecolo-
gica Biologica do Instituto de Geografia e Estatfs-
tica [IBGE]). Redford and da Fonseca, 1986:129
BRAZIL: distribution. Nitikman and Mares, 1987:
83, 84, 86, 87, 90, 91 BRAZIL: Distrito Federal
(Fazenda Agua Limpa, 1000 m). Da Fonseca and
Kierulff, 1988:99 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Fa-
zenda Montes Claros; Fazenda Esmeralda; Rio
Doce State Park). Mares et al., 1989:1 1, 12 BRA-
ZIL: Distrito Federal (15-25 km S of Brasilia);
Golds (22 km NE of Cristalina); Mato Grosso
(108-115 kmS of Pocone).
Gracilinanus agilis: Gardner and Creighton, 1989:
5 synonyms (heatrix Thomas, muscula Shamel,
formosa Shamel, chacoensis Tate, buenavistae
Tate, peruana Tate, unduaviensis Tate, blase ri Mi-
randa-Ribeiro, rondoni Miranda-Ribeiro). Mares et
al., 1989:11 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Pocone);
Golds (Cristalina); Distrito Federal (Brasilia; Re-
serva Ecologica Biologica do Instituto de Geografia
e Estatistica [IBGE]). Patterson, 1992:7 BOLIV-
IA: Beni (Reyes, Rio Beni). Hershkovitz, 1992: 53-
56 COLOMBIA: Choco (Ungufa); PERU: Ama-
zonas (Bella Vista); BOLIVIA: (Lago Balzon, not
located); Ouro (Cerro Sajama); Beni (San Joaquin);
Santa Cruz (Rio Palometillas; Santiago; Puerto
Suarez); Tarija (Villa Montes; Tablada); BRAZIL:
Mato Grosso (Pocone); Minas Gerais (Brumado;
Lagoa Santa); Maranhdo (Cocos; Alto Rio Parna-
hyba); Golds (Cana Brava; Cristalina); Distrito
Federal (Fazenda Agua Limpa; Brasilia, Fundacao
Zoologica Botanica; Parque Nacional de Brasilia
Brasilia; Reserva Ecologia); Ceard (Ibiapaba; Jua)
URUGUAY: Rio Negro (Bopicua); PARAGUAY:
Concepcion (Concepcion); Guaird (Villa Rica; Ita-
pe Camp); Central (Colonia Nueva Italia); AR-
GENTINA: Buenos Aires (Ingeniero Juarez [= In-
geniero Guillermo-N. Juarez, now in Formosa];
Isla Roble; Zarate; Campana); Formosa (Pozo del
Tigre; Estancia Linda Vista [= Riacho Pilaga]);
Chaco (Las Palmas); Entre Ri'os (Brazo Largo); Mi-
siones (Puerto Libertad-Iguazu, Rio Urugua-i"). Pat-
terson, 1992:1 BOLIVIA: Beni (Reyes). Pacheco
et al., 1993:1 PERU: Madre de Dios (Pakitza).
Anderson et al., 1993:16 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz
(Buena Vista). Gardner, 1993:17 listed. Mares
and Braun, 2000:32 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
(Campana; Isla Roble, Delta de Parana; Reserva
Natural Estricta Otamendi; Zarate, Arroyo Nacu-
rutii); Chaco (Las Palmas; Parque Nacional Cha-
co); Corrientes (near Laguna Gonzalez, Santa
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
41
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 16. Distribution of the genus Gracilinanus: northern coast of Colombia and Venezuela, south to the Delta
del Rib Parana.
42
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Gracilinanus aceramarcae
500 1000 1500 km
20
80 70 60" W~~ 4G* 30
Fig. 17. Distribution of Gracilinanus aceramarcae: known only from Bolivia. = localities given in published records.
Ana); Entre Rios (Brazo Largo, Delta de Parana);
Formosa (Ingeniero Juarez; Pozo del Tigre; Riacho
Pilaga; Estancia Linda Vista); Misiones (Puerto
Libertad-Iguazu; Rio Urugua-f; Reserva Natural
Estricta San Antonio).
Marmosa agilis agilis: Tate, 1933:194 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa; Brumado); PARA-
GUAY: Chaco ("V. Clarrica" [probably Villa Rica
in Guaird]); Concepcion (Concepcion); Paraguari
(Sapucay [= SapacafJ); Guaird (Itape). Vieira,
1955:353 (part) BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa
Santa; Brumado). Avila Pires, 1968:164 BRA-
ZIL: Goids (Sao Bento). Funayama and Pereira
Barretto, 1971:263 BRAZIL.
Marmosa beatrix Thomas, 19 10c:502 BRAZIL:
Ceard (type locality, Ipu; holotype, female, skin
and skull, BMNH 11.4.23.24; collected 15 June
1910 by Emilia Snethlage). Gardner and Creighton,
1989:5 BRAZIL: Ceard (Ipu). Hershkovitz,
1992:54 BRAZIL: Ceard (Ipu).
[Grymaeomys] beatrix: Matschie, 1916:270 classi-
fication.
Marmosa agilis beatrix: Tate, 1933:196 BRAZIL:
Ceard (Ipu; Jua, near Iguatu; Serra Ibiapaba).
Marmosa marica: Thomas (not Thomas, 1898),
1927b:608 PERU: Hudnuco (Tingo Maria, 606
m; male and female of which the male [Coll. Hen-
dee, no. 1063] became holotype of Marmosa agilis
peruana Tate, 1 93 1 : 1 1 ).
Marmosa musculo Shamel, 1930a:83 ARGENTI-
NA: Formosa (type locality, Riacho Pilaga [= Es-
tancia Linda Vista], 10 mi NW of km 182; holo-
type, male, skin and skull, USNM 236330; col-
lected 9 August 1920 by Alexander Wetmore;
name preoccupied by Didelphis (Marmosa) mus-
culo Cabanis, 1848 [= Marmosa murina Linnae-
us]).
Marmosa formosa Shamel, 1930b:311 replacement
name for Marmosa musculo Shamel, preoccupied.
Tate, 1933:232 type only.
Marmosa velutina formosa: Cabrera, 1958:33. Olrog,
1959:409 ARGENTINA: Formosa (Ingeniero
Juarez [= Ingeniero Guillermo N. Juarez]).
Marmosa agilis buenavistae Tate, 1931:10 BOLIV-
IA: Santa Cruz (type locality, Buena Vista; holo-
type, female, skin and skull, BMNH 26.12.4.91,
collected 7 March 1916 by J. Steinbach). Tate,
1933:197 BOLIVIA: Lago Balzon, not located;
Santa Cruz (Buena Vista; Rio Palometillas; Puerto
Suarez, Sara Province). Avila Pires, 1968:167
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Salto do Sepotuba). Gard-
ner and Creighton, 1989:5 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz
(Buena Vista). Hershkovitz, 1992:53 BOLIVIA:
Santa Cruz (Buena Vista). Anderson, 1997:147
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
43
BOLIVIA: Beni (Pampa de Meio: Rio Baures.
mouth; San Joaquin: Puerto Caballo: km 35 NW
Yucumo); Cochabamba (Comarapa. 25 km W);
Pando (Independencia): Santa Cruz (Estancia Ca-
chuela Esperanza: Montero, 3 km SE. 1 km N of
Villa Copacabana: Buena Vista: Rio Palomotitlas.
Buenavista: Las Lomitas: Ingeniero Moro. 7 km E.
3 km N; Zanja Honda, 3 km N of Hacienda El
Peh'cano; Santiago de Chiquitas: Santiago: Puerto
Suarez).
Marmosa agilis chacoensis Tate, 1931:10 PARA-
GUAY: Paraguari (type locality. Sapucay [= Sap-
ucaf]: holotype. male, skin and skull. BMNH
4.1.5.48. collected 11 September 1903 by W. Fos-
ter). ARGENTINA: Chaco (Las Palmas): BOLIV-
IA: Tarija (Villa Montes. incorrectly cited as from
Argentina). Tate. 1933:196 PARAGUAY: Para-
guari (Sapucay [= Sapucaf]): Guaird (Itape Camp.
near Sapucay [= Sapucaf]): ARGENTINA: Chaco
(Las Palmas). Massoia and Fornes. 1972:517 AR-
GENTINA: Buenos Aires; Formosa: Chaco; Mi-
siones; Entre Rios. Wainberg et al.. 1979:33 AR-
GENTINA: Entre Rios (Delta del Parana). Gonza-
lez. 1985:1 URUGUAY: Rio Negro (Rio Uru-
guay, near Fray Bentos-Puerto Ungue: Bopicua.
Rio Uruguay: Arroyo Bopicua). Gardner and
Creighton. 1989:5 PARAGUAY: Paraguari (Sap-
ucay" [= Sapucaf]). Hershkovitz, 1992:54 PAR-
AGUAY: Paraguari (Sapucay [= Sapucaf]). Flores
et al. 2000:322 ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Ingenio La
Esperanza; Santa Barbara): Salta (Ingenio San
Martin de Tabacal. Lote "Milagros"); PARA-
GUAY: Paraguari (Supacay [= Sapucaf]). Ander-
son, 1997:148 BOLIVIA: Chuquisaca (Rio Li-
mon); Tarija (Villa Montes, upper Rio Pilcomayo:
Tablada).
Marmosa agilis peruana Tate. 1931:11 PERU:
Hudnuco (type locality. Tingo Maria, 606 m; ho-
lotype "young adult" male, skin and skull, BMNH
27.11.1.268: collected 20 January 1927 by R. W.
Hendee). Tate. 1933:198 PERU: Hudnuco (Tingo
Maria. Rio Huallaga); Amazonas (Bellavista. Rio
Marafion valley, 303 m, "probably but not certainly
distinct"). Gardner and Creighton. 1989:5 PERU:
Hudnuco (Tingo Maria). Hershkovitz. 1992:53
PERU: Hudnuco (Tingo Maria).
Marmosa agilis peruania: Tate, 1933:194 incorrect
subsequent spelling.
Marmosa agilia peruania: Cabrera. 1958:28 incor-
rect subsequent spelling.
Marmosa unduaviensis Tate. 1931:1 1 BOLIVIA: La
Paz (type locality, Pitiguaya [= La Florida], Rio
Unduavi, 5800 ft'[= 1800 m]: holotype male, skin
and skull. AMNH 72563: collected 12 May 1926
by G.H.H. Tate). Tate. 1933:201 (skull) BOLIV-
IA: La Paz (Pitiguaya [= La Florida]). Gardner and
Creighton. 1989:5 BOLIVIA: La Paz (Pitiguaya
[= La Florida]. Rio Unduavi. Yungas). Hershko-
vitz. 1992:53 BOLIVIA: La Paz (Pitiguaya [= La
Florida]).
Marmosa agilis unduaviensis; Anderson. 1997:148
BOLIVIA: Beni (Reyes): La Paz (Pitiguaya [= La
Florida]): Oruro (Mount Sajama).
Marmosa blaseri Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:361, 373
BRAZIL: Goids (type locality. Sao Bento; holotype
by monotypy. skin and skull. MNRJ 1250. pur-
chased 1929 from Sr. Jose Blaser). Moojen in Mi-
randa Ribeiro, 1955:393 listed. Vieira, 1955:
352 BRAZIL: Goids (Cana Brava, Nova Roma).
Avila Pires. 1968:164 erroneous attribution of in-
valid lectotype designation to Moojen in Miranda
Ribeiro. 1955:393. Gardner and Creighton. 1985:
5 BRAZIL: Goids (Sao Bento).
Thylamys rondoni Miranda Ribeiro. 1936:385. 387
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (type localities, Sal to de
Sepotuba and Sao Joao de Serra do Norte: types in
alcohol, skulls out, MNRJ).
Marmosa rondoni: Vieira. 1955:352 listed.
Holotype Young adult, sex undetermined,
skin mounted, Zoologische Museum, Halle, no.
147, collected by H. Burmeister.
Type Locality Rio das Velhas, Lagoa Santa.
Minas Gerais, BRAZIL. 760 m.
Distribution (Fig. 18) From the Colombian-
Panamanian border into Peru. Bolivia. Brazil, Par-
aguay. Uruguay, northern Argentina, and the Rio
Parana basin of Argentina.
Gracilinanus dryas (Thomas, 1898)
Marmosa drxas Thomas. 1898a:456. Tate. 1933:
203 VENEZUELA: Merida (Selva Culata. 4000
m: Montanas Uchisera. 3000 m; Montes de la Si-
erra [= Sierra Montanas]). Handley. 1976:6 VE-
NEZUELA: Merida (Tabay); Tdchira (Buena Vis-
ta); Trujillo (Hacienda Misisf). Handley and Gor-
don. 1979:67 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (Bo-
queron de San Francisco. Bogota): VENEZUELA:
Merida (Merida: La Montana; La Mucuy; Tabay;
Culata; Montes de la Serra [= Sierra Montanas];
Uchisera. Cordillera de Merida); Tdchira (Buena
Vista): Trujillo (Hacienda Misisf). Aagaard. 1982:
1 VENEZUELA: Merida (Parque Nacional de Si-
erra Nevada). Perez-Hernandez. 1989:369 VE-
NEZUELA: Tdchira (Betania. Distrito Junfn); Cer-
ro Las Copas. La Revancha; Buena Vista. 41 km
SW of San Cristobal: Trujillo (13-15 km E of Tru-
jillo): altitudinal range 2210-4000 m.
[Grymaeomys] dryas: Matschie. 1916:270 listed.
Gracilinanus drxas: Gardner and Creighton. 1989:
6 VENEZUELA: Merida (La Culata). Hershko-
vitz. 1992:52 VENEZUELA: Merida (Uchisera.
Cordillera de Merida: La Culata; Tabay: La Mucuy;
Cafetales de Merida: Cafetal de Milla; Montes de
la Serra [= Sierra Montanas]); Trujillo (Trujillo:
Misisf): Tdchira (Buena Vista: Betania). Gardner.
1993:17 listed.
Holotype Old adult male, skin and skull.
BMNH 98.5.15.2; collected 14 December 1896
by Salamon Bricefio.
Type Locality Culata. Sierra de Merida, Me-
rida. Venezuela. 4000 m.
Distribution (Fig. 19) Northern Cordillera
44
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
30 20
Fig. 18. Distribution of Gracilinanus agilis: south from Colombia-Panama border to the Rio Parana basin of
Argentina. = localities given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
45
Fig. 19. Distribution of Gracilinanus dryas: from Colombia to northwestern Venezuela. = localities given in
published records.
Oriental of Colombia north into the Sierra de Me-
rida of northwestern Venezuela.
Gracilinanus emiliae (Thomas, 1909)
[l]Didelphxs pusilla: Thomas (part, not Desmarest.
1804), "l888b:349 part. BRAZIL: Para (Santa-
rem).
Marmosa emiliae Thomas, 1909:379. Tate. 1933:
189 holotype only. Avila Pires, 1964:8. 11
BRAZIL: Amazonas (km 50. Manaus-Itacoatiara
RR). Husson, 1978:23 SURINAME: Marowijne
(Langamankondre).
[Marmosa] Emiliae: Cabrera. 1913:14 classifica-
tion.
[Grymaeomys] emiliae: Matschie, 1916:270 listed.
Gracilinanus emiliae: Gardner and Creighton. 1989:
6. Hershkovitz. 1992:53-54 BRAZIL: Amazonas
(Igarape Grande. Rio Jurua. W bank; Codajas; km
50, Manaus-Itacoatiara RR); Ceard (Crato); Para
(Para [ = Belem]; Santarem). Patterson, 1992:8
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Codajas; Igarape Grande).
Gardner. 1993:17 listed. Voss et al.. 2001:25
BRAZIL: Paid (Belem: Capim); COLOMBIA:
Meta (Los Micos): FRENCH GUIANA (Paracou);
GUYANA: Upper Takeiii-Upper Essequibo (Dad-
anawa); SURINAME: Marowijne (Langamankon-
dre); VENEZUELA: Monagas (Maturin. 47 km
SE).
Marmosa agricolai Moojen. 1943:2 BRAZIL:
Ceard (type locality. Crato; holotype. male, skin
and skull. MNRJ no. 1495: collected 26 August
1936 by A. Leitao de Carvalho). Voss et al., 2001:
29 possibly a valid species, status of name as a
synonym uncertain.
Marmosa microtarsus microtarsus Tate (part, not
Wagner), 1933:192 BRAZIL: Pard (Santarem);
comment on BMNH specimen recorded as Didel-
phys pusilla by Thomas.
Gracilinanus longicaudus Hershkovitz. 1992:38
COLOMBIA: Meta (San Juan de Arama). CO-
LOMBIA: Meta (type locality. Los Micos, San
Juan de Arama; holotype, adult male, skin and
skull, FMNH 87924: collected 29 April 1957 by
Kjell von Sneidern).
Marmosa lepida: Hershkovitz (not Thomas, 1888).
1992:54 BRAZIL: Amazonas (Codajas. Igarape
Grande). Patterson, 1992:8 BRAZIL: Amazonas
(Codajas. Rio Solimoes; Igarape Grande, upper Rio
Jurua).
Holotype Subadult male, skin and skull.
BMNH 9.3.9.10; collected 13 February 1909 by
Emilia Snethlage.
46
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 20. Distribution of Gracilinanus emiliae: Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and eastern Brazil. = localities
given in published records.
Type Locality "Para (Belem)," BRAZIL.
Distribution (Fig. 20) Colombia, northeast-
ern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil.
Gracilinanus marica (Thomas, 1898)
M[armosa]. pusilla: Thomas (not Desmarest, 1804),
1896:314 VENEZUELA: Merida (Sierra de Me-
rida).
Mannosa pusilla: Elliot (not Desmarest, 1804), 1907:
4 VENEZUELA.
Marmosa marica Thomas, 1898a:455. Elliot, 1907:
4 VENEZUELA. Tate, 1933:200 VENEZUE-
LA: Merida (Rfo Albarregas; Cafetal de Milla; Lla-
no de Merida; Cafetal de Merida [= Cafetales de
Merida]; La Pedregosa); Sucre-Monagas (Cerro
Turumiquire). Handley, 1976:7 VENEZUELA:
Distrito Federal (Los Venados; Pico Avila); Falcon
(Urama); Monagas (Hato Mata de Bejuco). Hand-
ley and Gordon, 1979:68 (part) COLOMBIA:
Cundinamarca (La Selva); La Guajira (Marimonda
[= Las Marimondas]); VENEZUELA: Distrito
Federal (Los Venados: Pico Avila); Falcon (Ura-
ma); Sucre-Monagas (Cerro Turumiquire); Mona-
gas (Hato Mata de Bejuco); Merida (Cafetal de
Chama; Cafetal de Merida [= Cafetales de Meri-
da]; Llano de Merida; Cafetal de Milla; Merida;
Rio Albarregas; La Pedregosa). Perez-Hernandez,
1989:369 VENEZUELA: Distrito Federal (EI
Junquito; Carretera El Junquito; Carretera Caracas,
La Colonia Tovar, km 40; Sabaneta; Carretera El
Limon; El Encantado, Hacienda El Limon; Suapo,
Hacienda El Limon, La Conchita, Hacienda El Li-
mon; Zona Quacatal, Hacienda El Limon; Aragua
(Estacion Biologica de Rancho Grande, Rancho
Grande; La Quinta, Rancho Grande; Palo de Vaca,
Rancho Grande; Pica Periquito, El Portachuelo,
Rancho Grande; Don Ramon, Rancho Grande; Pan-
toja, Carretera Maracay Ocumare; Guacamaya,
Rancho Grande; Guamitas, Rancho Grande).
[Grymaeomys] marica: Matschie, 1916:270 VE-
NEZUELA: Merida (Rio Albarragas).
Gracilinanus marica: Gardner and Creighton, 1989:
6 VENEZUELA: Merida (Rfo Albarregas).
Hershkovitz, 1992:51-52 COLOMBIA: Cundi-
namarca (La Selva); La Guajira (Marimonda [=
Las Marimondas]); VENEZUELA: Merida (Llano
de Merida; Pedregosa; Cafetos de Merida [= Caf-
etales de Merida]; Merida; Rfo Albarregas; Cafetal
de Milla); Falcon (Urama); Aragua (Rancho
Grande [= Estacion Biologica de Rancho Grande]);
Distrito Federal (Los Venados; Pico Avila; Haci-
enda El Limon; El Junquito); Sucre-Monagas (Cer-
ro Turumiquire); Monagas (Hato Mata de Bejuco).
Gardner, 1993:17 listed.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
47
Fig. 2 1 . Distribution of Gracilinanus marica: Colombia and northern Venezuela. = localities given in published
records.
Holotype Young adult male, skin and skull.
BMNH 98.5.15.1; collected 24 January 1897 by
Salamon Briceno.
Type Locality Rio Albarregas. Merida. Ve-
nezuela, 1630 m.
Distribution (Fig. 21) Northern Venezuela
and northern Colombia.
Gracilinanus microtarsus (Wagner, 1842)
Didelphys microtarsus Wagner. 1842:359. Wagner.
1843:43. Wagner. 1850:147 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo
(type locality. Ipanema [= Ypanema]). Pelzeln.
1883:1 14 part. BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Ipanema [ =
Ypanema]).
Grymaeomxs microtarsus: Winge. 1893:24 BRA-
ZIL.
[Didelphys (Marmosa)} microtarsus: Trouessart.
1898:1239 as a synonym of Marmosa murina.
Marmosa microtarsus: Thomas. 1900a:549 BRA-
ZIL: Parana (Palmeira). Miranda Ribeiro, 1935:
38 BRAZIL.: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Davis.
1947:3 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis).
Wainberg et al.. 1979:33 BRAZIL. Fonseca and
Kierulff. 1988:108. 116 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais
(Parque Estadual do Rio Doce). Stallings. 1988:
159 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Parque Estadual do
Rio Doce). De Azevedo et al., 1982:93 BRAZIL:
Santa Catarina (Seminario Cora^ao de Jesus. Co-
rupa: Blumenau).
Gracilinanus microtarsus: Gardner and Creighton.
1989:6. Gardner and Creighton. 1989:4 BRAZIL:
Sao Paulo (Ipanema [= Ypanema]). Hershkovitz.
1992:54-55 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Porto
Real; Teresopolis: Rio de Janeiro; Ilha Grande):
Sao Paulo (Ituverava: Franca; Jabuticabal; Piraci-
caba; Perus; Ipanema [= Bacaetava = Ypanema];
Sao Sebastiao; Ilha da Vitoria: Primeiro Morro:
Boa Vista. Rio Ipiranga); Parana (Palmeira): Santa
Catarina (Joinville [= Join vile]; Humboldt; Rio
Itapocu: Blumenau: Ararangua): Rio Grande do Sul
(Taquara: Sao Lourenco). Gardner. 1993:17 list-
ed.
Marmosa microtarsus microtarsus: Tate, 1933:190
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo: Ipanema [= Ypa-
nema]); Rio de Janeiro (Porto Real: Rio de Janei-
ro): Parana (Palmeira): Santa Catarina (Joinville
[= Joinvile], near Rio Itapocu: Blumenau: Arar-
angua). Vieira. 1949(1950):352 BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo (Piracicaba: Perus: Ipanema; Ituverava); Rio
de Janeiro (Ilha Grande). Vieira. 1955:350 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo (Ituverava. Piracicaba; Perus. Ipi-
ranga); Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Grande; Teresopolis);
48
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Parana (Palmeira); Santa Catarina (Ararangua;
Blumenau; Joinville [= Joinvile]). Avila Pires,
1968:165 BRAZIL: Santa Catarina (Humboldt).
Funayama and Pereira Barretto, 1971:263 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo (Franca).
Grymaeomys agilis: Hensel (not Burmeister, 1854),
1872:123 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Island in
Rio Guahyba [= Una Guaiba], near Porto Alegre).
Marmosa agilis: Davis (not Burmeister), 1945:119
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Fazenda Boa Fe, Tere-
sopolis). Da Fonseca and Kierulff, 1988:108, 112,
128, 137 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Parque Estad-
ual do Rio Doce).
Marmosa agilis agilis: Vieira (part, not Burmeister),
1949(1950):351 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Jabutica-
bal; Ilha Victoria [= Ilha da Vitoria]). Vieira, 1955:
353 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Jabuticabal; Ilha Vic-
toria [= Ilha da Vitoria]; Ilha de Sao Sebastiao).
Didelphvs pusilla: Thomas (part, not Desmarest,
1804), 1888b:348 part, not synonymy; BRAZIL:
Rio de Janeiro; Santa Catarina; Rio Grande do Sul
(Taquara; Sao Lourenco).
M[armosa] pusilla: Thomas (not Desmarest, 1804),
1900a:549 BRAZIL: Parana (Palmeira).
[^Marmosa pusilla Shufelt (not Desmarest, 1804),
1926:563, 574 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Sao
Lourenco).
Micoureus pusillus: Goeldi (not Desmarest, 1804),
1894:462 incorrect subsequent spelling BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Serra dos Orgaos). Ihering,
1894:1 1 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo.
[?\Marmosa herhardti Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:361,
382 BRAZIL: Santa Catarina (type locality,
Humboldt; holotype, skin [skull?] in MNRJ, pur-
chased from W. Erhardt). Avila Pires, 1968:165
BRAZIL: Santa Catarina (type locality Humboldt;
holotype, adult female, skin and skull [MNRJ no.
1226] collected 23 December 1915). Gardner and
Creighton, 1989:6 BRAZIL: Santa Catarina
(Humboldt).
Marmosa microtarsus guahybae Tate, 1931:10
BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (type locality, Ilha de
Guahyba [= Ilha Guaiba], near Porto Alegre, ZMB
4306; collected by Reinhold Hensel). Tate, 1933:
192 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Ilha Guahyba
[= Ilha Guaiba]; Taquara; Sao Lourenco). Gardner
and Creighton, 1989:6 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do
Sul (Isla Guahyba [= Ilha Guaiba]). Avila Pires,
1994:369 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Ilha do
Guahyba [= Ilha Guaiba]).
Type Series Eight specimens in Vienna Mu-
seum; collected January, March, June, and Octo-
ber between 1819 and 1821 by Johann Natterer
(cf. Pelzeln, 1883, p. 114). Tate (1933, table 1, p.
191) designated the adult male "Vienna 48A" as
"type," i.e., lectotype.
Type Locality Ypanema [= Ipanema], be-
tween Sao Paulo and Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 22) Atlantic coastal forests
from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul in south-
eastern Brazil.
Gracilinanus perijae Hershkovitz, 1992
Marmosa marica: Handley and Gordon (part, not
Thomas, 1898), 1979:68 COLOMBIA: La Gua-
jira (Marimonda [= Las Marimondas], Serrania de
Perija).
Gracilinanus perijae Hershkovitz, 1992:41 CO-
LOMBIA: La Guajira (Las Marimondas).
Holotype Adult male, skin and skull, USNM
no. 280881; collected 10 March 1943 by Philip
Hershkovitz, original no. 1826.
Type Locality Las Marimondas, the site of a
former coffee plantation, western slope Serrania
de Perija, Cordillera Oriental de los Andes, north
of and above Fonseca at the time in the Depart-
ment of Magdalena, now incorporated into the
Department of La Guajira, 1450 m, Colombia.
Distribution (Fig. 23) Known only from type
locality on western slope Serrania de Perija, La
Guajira, Colombia.
Genus Hyladelphys Voss, 2001
Hyladelphys kalinowskii (Hershkovitz, 1992)
Gracilinanus kalinowskii Hershkovitz, 1992:37
PERU: Junin (Chanchamayo); Cusco (Hacienda
Cadena).
Hyladelphys kalinowskii: Voss et al., 2001:32
FRENCH GUIANA (Paracou); GUYANA: East
Berbice-Corentyne (New River Falls); Peru: Cusco
(Hacienda Cadena); PERU: Junin (Chanchamayo);
Loreto (Nuevo San Juan on Rio Galvez).
Holotype Adult female, skin and skull,
FMNH 89991; collected 3 July 1958 by Celestino
Kalinowski; original no. 457.
Type Locality Hacienda Cadena, Marcapata,
Cusco, Peru, 890 m.
Distribution (Fig. 24) Known only from for-
ested slopes of southeastern Peru in the Depart-
ment of Junin into that of Cusco, eastern Guyana
and northern French Guiana.
Genus Lestodelphys Tate, 1934
Notodelphys Thomas, 192 lb: 137 type species, No-
todelphys halli Thomas, 1921b, by original desig-
nation; generic name preoccupied by Notodelphys
Allman, 1847, a genus of copepod, and Notodel-
phys Lichtenstein and Weinland, 1854, a batrachi-
an. Gardner, 1993:17 listed.
Lestodelphys Tate, 1934:154 replacement for Noto-
delphys Thomas, preoccupied. Gardner, 1993:17
listed.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
49
40
Fig. 22. Distribution of Gracilinanus microtarsus: coastal forests of southeastern Brazil. = localities given in
published records.
Notodelphis Cabrera, 1958:11 incorrect subsequent
spelling of Notodelphys Thomas, 1921b.
Lestodelphis Cabrera, 1958:11 incorrect subsequent
spelling of Lestodelphys Tate, 1937.
Type Species Notodelphys halli Thomas,
1921b.
Distribution Western and southern Argenti-
na.
Lestodelphys halli (Thomas, 1921)
Notodelphys halli Thomas, 192 lb: 137. Thomas,
1929:45 ARGENTINA: Chubut (Pico Salaman-
ca, 100); Santa Cruz (type locality, Estancia Mach-
ijada [= Estancia La Machijada], near Puerto De-
seado). Reig. 1959:57 ARGENTINA: Chubut
(Estancia Los Manantiales, Languineo; Valle de
Rio Chico; Sarmiento. Crespo, 1974:5 ARGEN-
TINA: Chubut (Pico Salamanca). Gardner, 1993:
17 listed.
Lestodelphys halli: Tate. 1934:154 type species.
Reig, 1959:58 ARGENTINA: Chubut (Estancia
Los Manantiales, Languineo). Birney et al., 1996:
150 ARGENTINA: Chubut (Pampa de Agnia, 30
km NW). Mares and Braun, 2000:33 ARGEN-
TINA: Chubut (Estancia Los Manantiales near
Languineo; Pampa de Agnia, 30 km NW; Pico Sal-
amanca); La Pampa (Lihue Calel; Parque Nacional
Lihue Calel); Mendoza (Chacras de Coria); Neu-
quen (Estancia Tehuel Malal); Rio Negro (Cerro
Leones; Clemente Onelli; Comallo, 8-10 km
WSW; Los Menucos, 15 km SE); Santa Cruz
(Cabo Tres Puntas; Estancia La Madrugada; Meseta
El Pedrero).
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH
21.6.7.19; collected by T. H. Hall.
Type Locality Originally stated to be Cabo
Tres Puntas, SE Patagonia, 42S, Santa Cruz, but
later (Thomas, 1929:45) emended to Estancia La
Madrugada, not far from Puerto Deseado, Santa
Cruz, Argentina.
Distribution (Fig. 25) Argentina from Men-
doza south to Santa Cruz.
Genus Lutreolina Thomas, 1910
Sarigua Muirhead, 1819:429 part, S. crassicaudata
listed among included species.
50
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Gracilinanus perijae
1500 km
30
Fig. 23. Distribution of Gracilinanus perijae: known only from type locality in northeastern Colombia. =
localities given in published records.
Lutreolina Thomas, 1910a:247 included species:
crassicaudata Desmarest. Cabrera, 1919:44 -char-
acters; synonymy. Thomas, 1923b:583 review.
Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:396 characters. Krumbie-
gel, 194 lb: 189 taxonomic review. Reig, 1958:
261 comparisons. Ximenez, 1967:1 review.
Gardner, 1993:18 listed, synonymy.
Peramys: Matschie (not Lesson), 1916:259, 266,
269 subgenus of Didelphis Linnaeus; included
species crassicaudata Desmarest ("Typus") and
turneri Gunther.
Type Species by Monotypy Didelphis cras-
sicaudata Desmarest.
Distribution Southern Brazil, eastern Boliv-
ia, Uruguay, Paraguay, northern Argentina, Guy-
ana, Venezuela, and eastern Colombia.
Remarks The disjunct distribution of Lutreo-
lina in Colombia, Venezuela, and northern Guy-
ana, and Bolivia, southeastern Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay, and northern Argentina, is unique.
Lutreolina crassicaudata (Desmarest, 1804)
Micoure troisieme ou micoure a queue grosse Azara,
1801:284.
Coligrueso Azara, 1802:229.
Didelphis crassicaudata Desmarest, 1804:19. Ren-
nger, 1830:226 PARAGUAY. Waterhouse, 1839:
94 URUGUAY: Maldonado (Maldonado). Gard-
ner, 1993:18 listed.
Sarigua crassicaudata: Muirhead, 1819:429 new
combination.
D[idelphis]. Crassicaudata: Fischer, 1829:267.
Didelphys crassicaudata: Waterhouse, 1841:100
PARAGUAY; URUGUAY; ARGENTINA: Buenos
Aires. Waterhouse, 1 846:497 URUGUAY; BRA-
ZIL mustelina E. Geoffroy a synonym. Thomas,
1888b:334 GUYANA: West PomeroonSupe-
naam Coast (Better Hope); turneri Gunther, in syn-
onymy; BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (San Louren-
50 do Sul [= Sao Lourenco do Sul]); URUGUAY:
Maldonado (Maldonado); ARGENTINA: Buenos
Aires (La Plata; Belgrano; Mariano Moreno).
Winge, 1893:7 BRAZIL: Minus Gerais (Lagoa
Santa, Recent and Pleistocene). Figueira, 1894:8
URUGUAY. Aplin, 1894:315 URUGUAY.
D[idelphvs] crassicaudata: Cabanis and Schomburgk,
1848:777 GUYANA.
Peramys crassicaudata: Lesson, 1842:187 classifi-
cation. Matschie, 1916:269 classification.
[Cuica] crassicaudata: Liais, 1872:330 BRAZIL.
Lutreolina crassicaudata: Thomas, 1910a:247 AR-
GENTINA: Buenos Aires (Los Ingleses). Thomas,
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
51
Hyladelphys kalinowski
500 1000 150:k~:
Fig. 24. Distribution of Hyladelphys kalinowskii: Peru. Guyana, and French Guiana.
published records.
30*
localities given in
191 7a: 100 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires (Isla
Ella, Parana delta). Thomas. 1923b:583 ARGEN-
TINA: Cordoba (Noetinger). Devincenzi. 1935:
88 distribution. BertonC 1939:6 PARAGUAY.
Krumbiegel. 194 lb: 190 ARGENTINA: Formosa
(San Jose); PARAGUAY: Caaguazii (Cerro Pila-
do): BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul (Rio Ivinhei-
ma). Kuhlhorn, 1955:163 BRAZIL: Mato Gros-
so. Reig. 1964:207 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
(Arroyo Corrientes; Arroyo Brusquitas. General
Pueyrredon; Mar del Sur). Avila Pires. 1968:168
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Guariba). Ayala et al., 1973:
374 COLOMBIA: Arauca (Puerto Gaitan). Ol-
rog. 1976:6 ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Abra de Ca-
nos: Cerro [= Sierra] Santa Barbara): Tucumdn
(Raco). Handley. 1976:8 VENEZUELA: Bolivar
(Hato San Jose). Reig et al.. 1977:212 ARGEN-
TINA: Buenos Aires (Banado de San Jorge, Parque
Pereyra lraola). Avila Pires. 1977:7 BRAZIL: Rio
de Janeiro (Pico das Agulhas Negras. Maromba).
Marshall. 1978:2 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
(Chapadamal Formation, not located: Monte Her-
moso Formation, not located: Rio Lujan); Cata-
marca (Corral Quemado Formation). Olros. 1979:
10 ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Calilegua Mountain [ =
Serrania de Calilegua]). Mares et al.. 1981:166
ARGENTINA: Salta (Agua Blanca: Oran). Crespo.
1982:1 ARGENTINA: Entre Rios (Parque Na-
cional El Palmar). Cajal. 1981:27 ARGENTINA:
Tucumdn (Aguas Chiquitas). De Azevedo et al.,
1982:94 BRAZIL: Santa Catarina (Armacao do
Sul: Botuvera). Lemke, 1982:226 COLOMBIA:
Meta (Villavicencio): Vichada (Cano Avispa). Se-
luja. 1984:702 URUGUAY: Rocha (Pinamar. not
located): Canelones (Banado de Carrasco: Las Pie-
dras); Rocha (La Tuna): Rio Negro (Rio Negro):
Maldonado (Piriapolis). Crespo Diaz et al.. 1986:
472 COLOMBIA: Meta (Sabanas de Vichada y
Meta. not located). Avila Pires. 1987:123 BRA-
ZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco [= Sao
Lourenco do Sul]). Boker Bentti. 1988:111 VE-
NEZUELA: Bolivar (Hato San Jose: San Ignacio
de Yuruanf): Anzoategui (Paso Bajito); COLOM-
BIA: Meta (Villavicencio); Vichada (Cano Avispa;
Comisaria del Vichada): Arauca (Puerto Gaitan);
ARGENTINA: Salta (Agua Blanca). Perez-Her-
nandez. 1989:374 VENEZUELA. Anzoategui
(Paso Bajito); Bolivar (San Ignacio de Yuruanf):
Monagas (Maturin): GUYANA: West Pomeroon-
Supinaam Coast (Better Hope) (the name Lutreo-
Hna crassicaudata turneri used). Heinonen and
Bosso. 1994:55 ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Parque
Nacional Calilegua. Caimancito). Mares et al..
1996:105 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn (Aconquija:
El Cadillal. Aguas Chiquitas. Sierras de Medina;
Piedras Coloradas; Quebrada de Lules; Raco; Cerro
52
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20
30
40
50
! \
^
h(\
Lestodelphys halli
500
1000
1500 km
90
80 u
70
60 D
50"
40
30
20"
Fig. 25. Distribution of Lestodelphys halli: confined to western and southern Argentina.
published records.
10
localities given in
[= Sierra] San Javier; San Miguel de Tucuman, 25
km NW; San Pablo; El Indio, Ruta 307. Capllonch
et al., 1997:53 ARGENTINA: Tucuman (Parque
Biological Sierra de San Javier). Morando and Po-
lop, 1997:31 ARGENTINA: Cordova. Mares and
Braun, 2000:33 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
(Arroyo Brusquitas; Arroyo Corrientes; Arroyo La
Matanza, not located; Bafiado de San Jorge, Parque
Pereyra Iraola, delta de Parana; Los Yngleses; Mar
del Sur; Miramar; Reserva Natural Estricta Ota-
mendi); Chaco (Parque Nacional Chaco); Corri-
entes (Centra Argentino de Primates, SE Corrien-
tes, not located; Estancia Ita Caabo, Mercedes;
Parque Nacional Mburucuya); Formosa (El Colo-
rado; Laguna Blanca; Parque Nacional Rio Pilco-
mayo); Jujuy (Abra de Canas; Cerro Calilegua;
Cerro Santa Barbara; Parque Nacional Calilegua);
Misiones (Parque Nacional Iguazu); Salta (Aguas
Blancas, 24 km NW; Parque Nacional El Rey; Alto
Rio Bermejo); Santa Fe (Malabrigo); Tucuman
(Aconquija; Sierras de Medina; Aguas Chiquitas;
El Cadillal; Piedras Coloradas; Quebrada de Lules;
Raco, Sierra San Javier; San Miguel de Tucuman,
25 km NW; San Pablo; Aguas Chiquitas; Cerro San
Javier; El Indio, Ruta 307; Horco Molle; Raco; Tafi
Viejo).
L[utreolina] c\rassicaudata\. Thomas, 1923b:583,
584 PARAGUAY: Central (Asuncion); Presiden-
te Hayes (Chaco).
[Lutreolina] crassicaudata: Krumbiegel, 1941b:
190 PARAGUAY: San Pedro (Estancia La Ger-
mania); Central (Rib Pilcomayo, boca); Caaguazii
(Cerro Pilado); ARGENTINA: Santa Fe (Galvez);
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul (Rio Ivinheima);
BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (San Jose).
Micoureus crassicaudatus: Gervais, 1855:287.
Didelphys crassicaudatus: Burmeister, 1856:88
mustelinus Geoffroy manuscript name in synony-
my. Burmeister, 1879:190 distribution.
[Didelphis (Metachirus)] crassicaudatus: Hensel,
1872:121 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Ihering,
1892:100 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Bertoni,
1923:51 PARAGUAY: Central (Bahia de Asun-
cion). Krieg, 1924:637 ARGENTINA: Santa Fe.
Didelphis crassicaudis: Illiger, 1815, 1804-1811:
107 incorrect subsequent spelling of crassicau-
data.
Lutreolina crassicaudus: Hildebrand, 1961:244-
249 incorrect subsequent spelling. Olfers, 1818:
206.
Lutreolina crassicaudata crassicaudata: Miranda Ri-
beiro, 1936:400 PARAGUAY: Presidente Hayes
(Chaco [= Gran Chaco]). Vieira, 1949:355 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo; travassosi Miranda Ribeiro in syn-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
53
onymy. Vieira. 1955:348 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo
(Ituverava; Franca; Ribeirao Preto; Ribeirao Boni-
to; Bauni); Rio de Janeiro (Angra dos Reis). Kan-
tis, 1963:54 ARGENTINA: Chaco (Rio de Oro).
Anderson, 1997:149 BOLIVIA: Beni (San Joa-
quin: San Pedro, 10 km W; San Javier, 23 km W);
tarija (Cuyambuyo).
Didelphis macroura Desmoulins, 1824:492 name
based on the micoure a queue grosse of Azara.
Didelphis mustelina Waterhouse. 1846:497-499 no-
men nudum; name attributed to E. Geoffroy, re-
portedly based on specimen in the "Paris Muse-
um"; cited as a synonym of Didelphis crassicau-
data.
Didelphxs Turned Gunther. 1879:108. Gardner, 1993:
18 listed.
[Peramys] turneri: Matschie, 1916:269.
L[utreolina] c[rassicaudata] turneri: Thomas, 1923b:
583, 584 GUYANA: Demerara (type locality.
Better Hope [now in West Pomeroon-Supenaam
Coast]: holotype. male, skin and skull. BMNH
79.5.1.3; collected by W. Y. Turner).
D[idelphis] Ferruginea Larrahaga, 1923:346 name
based on the coligrueso of Azara. Gardner, 1993:
18 listed.
L[utreolina] c[rassicaudata] paranalis Thomas, 1923b:
584 ARGENTINA: Santa Fe (type locality, Las
Rosas; holotype, female, skin and skull. BMNH
17.5.2.22; collected 6 November 1916 by Robin
Kemp); Corrientes (Goya): Buenos Aires (Isla Ella.
Parana Delta); URUGUAY: Montevideo (Colon;
Montevideo). Ximenez. 1967:2 URUGUAY: Ca-
nelones (Banada Tropa Vieja; Carrasco; Arroyo Las
Brujas); Rocha (Camino del Indio); Artigas (San
Gregorio); Montevideo (Cerro; Parque Lecoq):
BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (San Lorenzo [= Sao
Lourenco do Sul]); Sao Paulo (Ribeirao Preto; Ri-
beirao Bonito: Pirassununga; Franca); Mato Grosso
(Maracajii [now in Mato Grosso do Sul]): ARGEN-
TINA: Buenos Aires (Quiroga; Gonzalez Catan; Ar-
royo Pereyra; Mar del Sur, Miramar; Rio Pasaje Ta-
lavera; Zdrate; Punta Lara; Hurlingham); lutrilla a
synonym. Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Lutreolina crassicaudata paranalis: Sanborn. 1929:
151 URUGUAY: Colonia (Colonia Suiza). De-
vincenzi. 1935:90 URUGUAY. Yepes. 1945:60
ARGENTINA: Santa Fe (Malabrigo). Cabrera.
1958:40. Massoia and Fornes. 1964:29 ARGEN-
TINA: Buenos Aires (delta del Parana). Fornes and
Massoia, 1965:102 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
(Miramar).
[Lutreolina crassicaudata] paranalis: Krumbiegel.
1941b: 192 ARGENTINA: Santa Fe (Galvez).
L[utreolina] c[rassicaudata] lutrilla Thomas, 1923b:
585 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (type locality,
Sao Lourenco do Sul; holotype, male, skin and
skull, BMNH 85.6.26.26; collected by H. von Iher-
ing); URUGUAY: Maldonado (Maldonado). San-
born. 1929:151 URUGUAY: Lavalleja (Arroyo
Polanco, Minas). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Lutreolina crassicaudata lutrilla: Cabrera, 1958:39.
Avila Pires, 1994:370 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do
Sul (Sao Lourenco do Sul).
L[utreolina] c[rassicaudatus] bonaria Thomas,
1923b:585 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires (type lo-
cality, Los Ingleses, Ajo; holotype, male, skin and
skull, BMNH 20.2.7.44; collected 20 July 1919 by
H. E. Box); range from Belgrano to Cape San An-
tonio.
Lutreolina crassicaudata bonaria: Miranda Ribeiro,
1936:401.
Lutreolina c[rassicuadata] travossosi Miranda Ribei-
ro, 1936:402 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Guariba, E of
Sao Paulo); (holotype, skin and skull, MNRJ, pre-
sented by Dr. Lauro Travassos). Gardner, 1993:
18 listed.
Holotype None in existence; name based
solely on the micoure a queue grosse of Azara.
Type Locality Paraguay; restricted to Asun-
cion by Cabrera (1958, Rev. Mus. Argentino
Cienc. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia," 4:39).
Distribution (Fig. 26) Two populations in
South America: one in eastern Colombia, Vene-
zuela, and western Guyana, the other in southern
Brazil from Rio de Janeiro south into Rio Grande
do Sul, west into southern Mato Grosso through
Uruguay, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and northern
Argentina.
Additional Records VENEZUELA: Boli-
var; La Paragua, 20 km W (Smithsonian Expe-
dition, 1967, USNM); PARAGUAY: Central;
Luque (Myers, 1976, UMMZ); Colonia Nueva
Italia (Willem, 1944, FMNH); Presidente Hayes;
Rio Aguaray-Guazu (Creighton, 1979, UMMZ);
Caaguazii; Estancia San Ignacio, 24 km NNW of
Carayao (Dobson, 1979, UMMZ); Conception;
Concepcion (Creighton, 1979, UMMZ); Canen-
diyu; Curuguaty (Creighton, 1978, UMMZ; Dob-
son, 1979, UMMZ; Myers, 1976, UMMZ); La
Cordillera; Tobati (Creighton, 1979, UMMZ;
Myers, 1978, UMMZ; Voss, 1978, UMMZ); Par-
aguari; Parque Nacional Ybycuf (Myers, 1979,
UMMZ); Neembucu; Pilar (Creighton, 1979,
UMMZ); Misiones; Ayolas (Creighton, 1979,
UMMZ); URUGUAY: Lavalleja; Polanco, Minas
(Sanborn, 1926, FMNH); ARGENTINA: Chaco;
Palm Swamp, 12 km ESE of Resistencia (Sage,
1982, MVZ); Santa Fe; Santa Fe (Nachman,
1989. UMMZ); Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Zoo-
logical Gardens (Onelli, 1909, USNM); Urdam-
pilleta [= La Torrecita] (Osgood, 1923, FMNH);
Corrientes; Corrientes, left bank Rio Parana
(Thorington, 1978, USNM); Entre Rios; Las Cue-
vas (Nachman, 1989, UMMZ); Misiones; Santa
Teresa, 30 km W of San Ignacio (Kuns, 1965,
USNM).
Genus Marmosa Gray, 1821
Opossum Schmid, 1818:115 included species O.
marsupialis, O. virginianus, O. murinus.
54
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 26. Distribution of disjunct populations of Lutreolina crassicaudata in South America: one population in
Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana, the other from Bolivia south into Argentina and east into Paraguay, Uruguay, and
southern Brazil, o = localities from unpublished records; - localities given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
55
110
100
Fig. 27. Distribution of the genus Marmoset in Central America: Mexico south to Panama. See Figure 28 for
distribution in South America.
Sahgua, Muirhead. 1819:429 part. S. murina listed
among included species.
Marmosa Gray, 1821:308. Thomas. 1895a: 190 no-
menclature; Micoureus Lesson and Asagis Gloger
listed as synonyms. Matschie, 1916:260 taxono-
my. Tate, 1933:20 taxonomic revision. Gardner,
1993:18 listed.
Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854:viii, 138 subgenus of
Didelphys; included species, murina, agilis, pusil-
la, tristriata [= Monodelphis americana Midler] ,
brachyura [ Monodelphis brevicaudata Erxle-
ben], velutina. Burmeister, 1856:77 taxonomy.
Thomas, 1888b:340 type species Didelphis mu-
rina Linnaeus by subsequent designation. Mat-
schie, 1916:260 designation of pusilla Desmarest
as type species (p. 270) invalid. Gardner, 1993:
18 listed.
Cuica Liais, 1872:329 included species, myosuros
[= Metachirus myosuros Temminck], murina, pus-
illa, cineria, lanigera [= Philander lanata Olfers],
crassicaudata [= Lutreolina crassicaudata Des-
marest], tricolor [= Monodelphis touan Shaw],
tristriata [= Monodelphis americana Midler].
Hershkovitz, 1949:12 type species. Cuica murina
Liais [= Didelphis murina Linnaeus]. Gardner,
1993:18 listed.
Quica Cabrera, 1958:12 Incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Cuica Liais, 1 872, in synonymy of Marmosa
Gray.
Asagis Gloger, 1842:82 type species Didelphis mu-
rina Linnaeus by subsequent designation (Thomas,
1888b:340). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Notagogus Gloger, 1842:82 type species Didelphis
murina Linnaeus, by subsequent designation
(Thomas, 1888b:340). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Stegomarmosa Pine. 1972:279 type species Mar-
mosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni Pine. Gardner,
1993:18 listed.
Type Species Didelphis marina Gray, 1821
incorrect subsequent spelling of Didelphis murina
Linnaeus, 1758.
Distribution (Figs. 27 and 28) Neotropical re-
gion from northern Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil.
Marmosa andersoni Pine, 1972
Marmosa andersoni Pine, 1972:279 PERU: Cusco
(Hacienda Villa Carmen, Cosnipata). Gardner,
1983:18 listed, synonymy.
Holotype Adult male, skin and skull, FMNH
84252, collected 21 September 1954 by C. Kali-
nowski.
Type Locality Hacienda Villa Carmen, Cos-
nipata, Cusco, Peru, 600 m.
Distribution (Fig. 29) Known only from type
locality.
Comments Type species of Stegomarmosa.
56
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
90
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 28. Distribution of the genus Marmosa in South America: throughout northern half of continent, south
through Bolivia and Brazil. See Figure 27 for distribution in Central America.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
57
Fig. 29. Distribution of Marmosa andersoni: known only from type locality in Department of Cusco. Peru.
localities given in published records.
Marmosa canescens (J. A. Allen, 1893)
Mannosa canescens canescens J. A. Allen. 1893:
235 MEXICO: Oaxaca (type locality. Santo Do-
mingo de Guzman. Isthmus of Tehuantepec: holo-
type^ adult male. AMNH 3111/2433: collected 30
April by A. C. Buller). Tate. 1933:141 MEXICO:
Nayarit (Tepic): Oaxaca (Santo Domingo de Guz-
man: Puerto Angel: Tehuantepec: Tlapacingo):
Guerrero (Tlapa. Rfo Xochihuehuellen: Acapulco:
Sochi, not located): Puebla (Amolac): Michoacdn
(Los Reyes): Colima (Hacienda Magdalena): Nay-
arit (Tepic): Yucatan (Yaxcaba). Hall and Villa.
1950:164 MEXICO: Michoacdn (Los Reyes).
Hershkovitz. 1951:551 MEXICO: Yucatan (Chi-
chen Itza: Yaxcaba). Hooper. 1955:7 MEXICO:
Sinaloa (San Bias): Puebla (Tehuacan). Gardner.
1993:18 listed. Ramirez-Pulido and Castro-Cam-
pillo. 1994:18 MEXICO: Morelos: Oaxaca;
Guerrero.
Marmosa canescens oaxacae Merriam. 1897:43
MEXICO: Oaxaca (type locality. Oaxaca: holo-
type. adult male. USNM 68240: collected 14 Au-
gust 1894 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman).
Tate. 1933:143 MEXICO: Oaxaca (Oaxaca).
Gardner. 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa canescens sinaloae J. A. Allen. 1898:143
MEXICO: Nayarit (type locality. Tatemales: holo-
type. adult male. BMNH 98.3.2.161. collected 14
May 1897 by P. O. Simons). Tate, 1933:142-143
MEXICO: Sinaloa (Tatamales. not located: Culia-
can: Mazatlan: Esquinapa: Rosario: Rancho Palo
Amarillo. Amatlan. not located): Durango (Ventan-
as, not located). Gardner. 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa canescens insularis Merriam. 1898:14
MEXICO: Sinaloa (type locality. Maria Madre Is-
land [= Isla Marfa Madre]. Tres Marias Islands [ =
Isla Tres Marias]: holotype. young adult male.
United States Biological Survey 89215. collected
16 May 1897). Tate/l933: 144 MEXICO: Sinaloa
(Isla Maria Madre: Islas Tres Marias). Ramirez-
Pulido and Castro-Campillo. 1994:18 MEXICO:
Nayarit. Gardner. 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa canescens gaumeri Osgood. 1913a: 175
MEXICO: Yucatan (type locality. Yaxcaba. Chi-
chen Itza: holotype. FMNH 19995. collected No-
vember 1912 by G. F. Gaumer). Gardner. 1993:
18 listed.
Holotype Adult male. AMNH 3111/2433,
collected 30 April 1890 by A. C. Buller.
Type Locality Santo Domingo de Guzman.
Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Oaxaca. Mexico.
Distribution (Fig. 30) In Mexico from southern
Sonora to Oaxaca. Yucatan, and Islas Tres Marias.
58
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
110 100 90 80
Fig. 30. Distribution of Marmosa canescens: Mexico. = localities given in published records.
Marmosa lepida (Thomas, 1888)
Didelphys pusilla: Tomes (not Desmarest, 1804),
1858:548 ECUADOR: Marona-Santiago (Guala-
quiza).
Didelphys (micoureus) lepida Thomas, 1888a: 158
PERU: Thomas, 1888b:347 PERU: Loreto (Santa
Cruz, Rfo Huallaga); BOLIVIA. Gardner, 1983:
18 listed.
[Marmosa] lepida: Trouessart, 1898:1240 classifi-
cation.
M[armosa] lepida: Thomas, 1927d:374 BOLIVIA:
Santa Cruz (Buenavista).
Marmosa lepida: Cabrera, 1958:18 classification;
grandis Tate, a synonym. Husson, 1978:16-17
SURINAME: Paramaribo (Paramaribo); Brokopon-
do (Gansee); Marowijne (Wiawia Bank); Sipaliwini
(Nassau Mountains). Anderson et al., 1993:16 BO-
LIVIA: Santa Cruz (Buenavista). Anderson, 1997:
150 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Buenavista).
Marmosa lepida lepida: Tate, 1933:205 PERU: Lor-
eto (Santa Cruz, Rio Huallaga); Ucayali (Lagarto,
Rio Ucayali); Hudnuco (Puerto Marquez, Rio
Pachitea); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Buenavista);
ECUADOR: Pastaza (Sarayacu, Rio Bobonaza);
SURINAME: ("San Alouatta" [sic], not located);
Paramaribo (Paramaribo). Lemke et al., 1982:
226 COLOMBIA: Meta (Cano Entrada, Sierra de
La Macarena); Amazonas (Rio Amacayacu [= Rio
Amaca-Yacu]).
Marmosa lepida grandis Tate, 1931:12 BOLIVIA:
Santa Cruz (type locality, Buenavista; holotype, fe-
male, skin and skull, BMNH 26.12.4.94, collected
25 January 1926 by J. Steinbach). Tate, 1933:
207 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Buenavista). Gard-
ner, 1993:18 listed.
Holotype Female, skin and skull, BMNH
69.3.31.4; collected by E. Bartlett.
Type Locality Santa Cruz, near Yurimaguas,
lower Rio Huallaga, Loreto, Peru.
Distribution (Fig. 31) Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Suriname, and Santa Cruz in Bolivia.
Marmosa mexicana Merriam, 1897
Marmosa murina mexicana Merriam, 1897:44
MEXICO: Oaxaca (Juquila). Gardner, 1993:18
listed. Ramfrez-Pulido and Castro-Campillo, 1944:
18 MEXICO: Oaxaca.
Marmosa mexicana mexicana: Tate, 1933:133
MEXICO: Chiapas (Chicharras; Huehuetan); Oa-
xaca (Juquila); Veracruz-Llave (Tuxpan; Jalapa;
Achotal; Texolo; San Andres Tuxtla; Mirador; Pasa
Nueva); GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz (San Jeron-
imo, E of Salama; Chilasco, on tributary of Rfo
Palochic); Aha Verapaz (Cajabon; Coban; San
Cristobal); HONDURAS: (Rfo Umulla, not locat-
ed); NICARAGUA: Matagalpa; (Matagalpa); Ri-
vets (San Emilio, Lago Nicaragua; Lago Nicara-
gua); Nueva Segovia (Ocotal); Managua (Mana-
gua); Zelaya (Rfo Coco); Boaco (Bijagua); Jinote-
ga (San Rafael del Norte); Esteli (Chinandega);
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
59
Fig. 31. Distribution of Marmosa lepida: central Colombia south to Bolivia: also in Suriname. = localities
given in published records.
Zela\a (Corn Islands [= Islas del Maiz]). Goodwin.
1954:3 MEXICO: Tamaulipas (Aserradero del
Infernillo). Ramfrez-Pulido and Castro-Campillo.
1994:18 MEXICO: Chiapas; Oaxaca.
Marmosa mexicana savannarum Goldman. 1917:
108 PANAMA: Chiriqui (type locality. Boquer-
6n, holotype, subadult male. AMNH 18915. col-
lected 31 October 1901 by J. H. Batty). Goldman.
1917:108 PANAMA: Chiriqui (Boqueron). Tate.
1933:134 PANAMA: Chiriqui (Bogava [= Bug-
aba]; Colon and Code. W of. not located). Bole.
1937:145 PANAMA: Veraguas (Mariato). Gard-
ner. 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa mexicana zeledoni Goldman. 1917:238
COSTA RICA: Cartago (type locality. Navarro:
holotype. young adult male, USNM 12885-37133,
collected 1 March 1878 by Juan Cooper for Jose
C. Zeledon). Tate. 1933:136 COSTA RICA: Car-
tago (Navarro); Puntarenas (Boruca); Limon
(Jimenez, Rio Jimenez; Rio Pacuare); NICARA-
GUA: Zelaya (Rio Tuma. E of Matagalpa; Blue-
fields). Goodwin. 1946:287 COSTA RICA: Pun-
tarenas (Boruca; Agua Buena): Limon (Rio Pacu-
are). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa mexicana mayensis Osgood. 1913a: 176
MEXICO: Yucatan (type locality, Izamal; holotype,
young adult male. FMNH 19994, collected March
1913 by G. F. Gaumer). Tate, 1933:135 MEXI-
CO: Yucatan (Chichen Itza: Izamal). Ramfrez-Pul-
ido and Castro-Campillo, 1994:18 MEXICO: Yu-
catan. Gardner. 1993:18 listed.
Holotype Young male, USNM 71526, col-
lected 28 February 1895 by E. W. Nelson and E.
A. Goldman.
Type Locality Juquila, Oaxaca, Mexico, at
1500 m.
Distribution (Fig. 32) Tamaulipas, Mexico,
to W Panama in Central America.
Marmosa murina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Een soort van een Bos-rat, Merian. 1719:66.
Mus sylvestris americanus Seba, 1734:48, 49, 50
(marmosa of the Brasilians).
Glis sylvestris Americanus Seba. 1735:90.
Marmose Buffon. 1763:335.
Merian opossum Pennant. 1771:210.
Murine opossum Pennant, 1793:23 GUIANA.
[Didelphis] murina Linnaeus. 1758:55 name based
on Seba (1734. figs. 1. 2. 3. 6 [not "12. 36" as
60
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 32. Distribution of Marmosa mexicana: from Tmaulipas, Mexico, south through western Panama.
localities given in published records.
given by Linnaeus and authors]. Gardner, 1993:
18 listed.
Did[elphis] murina: Cuvier, 1798:125 la marmose.
Didelphis murina: Latreille, 1803:304 marmose.
Desmarest, 1816:427 FRENCH GUIANA: (Cay-
enne). Temminck, 1825:50 FRENCH GUIANA.
Jentink, 1887:302 SURINAME. Waterhouse,
1841:105 "GUIANA." Waterhouse, 1846:508
part, "GUIANA." Thomas, 1887:153 GUYANA:
Demerara-Mahaica (Pen Hope). Jentink, 1888:
221 part, SURINAME; part, PERU: Loreto (Rio
Javarf [= Rio Yavarf]). Thomas, 1888b:343 part,
SURINAME: Lidth de Jeude collection in the Brit-
ish Museum; GUYANA: Demerara-Mahaica
(Plantation Hope); BRAZIL: Para; part, synonyms,
dorsigera Linnaeus, guianensis Kerr, musculo Ca-
banis. Thomas, 1892:314 identification of Mus
sylvestris americanus Seba with specimens of the
Lidth de Jeude collection in the British Museum.
Didelphis Murina: Shaw, 1800:484 murine opos-
sum.
Didelphis marina: E. Geoffroy, 1803:143 incorrect
subsequent spelling South America.
Sarigua murina: Muirhead, 1819:429 new combi-
nation.
[l]D[idelphys] murina: Wied-Neuwied (not Linnaeus,
1758), 1*826:41 1 BRAZIL: Espirito Santo-Ba-
hia-Minas Gerais (Rio Mucuri).
D[idelphys] murina: Tschudi, 1844:14, 146, 151
PERU.
['l]Didelphys murina: Burmeister, 1854:138 charac-
ters based primarily on descriptions by Wied-Neu-
wied, 1826.
Grymaeomys murina: Burmeister, 1856:80 muscu-
lus Cabanis, a synonym.
[Cuica] murina: Liais, 1872:330 classification.
Marmosa murina: Thomas, 1895:58 classification.
J. A. Allen, 1904d:337 VENEZUELA: Bolivar
(Rio Suapure). Thomas, 191 lb: 144 SURINAME
type locality; "cotypes" in BMNH. Tate, 1933
106 PERU: Cusco (Marcapata). Pine et al., 1970
668 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Xavantina [= Chav-
antina]). Handley, 1976:7 VENEZUELA: Zulia
(El Rosario); Yaracuy (Urama); Amazonas (San
Juan; Belen; Tamatama; Capibara; Boca Mavaca);
Monagas (San Agustfn); Bolivar (Los Patos; Rib
Supamo; Hato San Jose; El Manaco; km 125, 85
km SSE of El Dorado; Icabaru). Reig et al., 1977:
211 PERU: Ucayali (Balta); VENEZUELA: Bo-
livar (Santa Elena de Uairen). Avila Pires and Gou-
vea, 1977:9 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Campo
Bello, Itatiaya [= Pico das Agulhas Negras]). Hus-
son, 1978:19-20 SURINAME: Nickerie (Vier
Gebroeders Mountain); Sipaliwini (Bitagron;
Adampada Kreek; Raleigh Falls); Paramaribo
(Paramaribo; Cultuurtuin; Morgenstond); Com-
mewijne ("Clevia"; Peperpot); Para (Zanderij);
Saramacca ("Jarikaba"); Wanica (Lelydorp); Ma-
rowijne (Moengo). Eisenberg et al., 1979:191
VENEZUELA: Miranda-Guarico (Parque Nacion-
al Guatopo). Kock, 1986:269 SURINAME. Pat-
terson, 1992:7 BOLIVIA: Beni (Puerto Salinas);
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
61
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Itacoatiara; Codajas; Joao
Pessoa; Igarape Grande); Para (Casa Nova: Iro^an-
ga; Itapoama). Rageot and Albuja. 1994:176 EC-
UADOR: Pastaza (Mera). Anderson. 1997:151
BOLIVIA: Beni (Puerto Salinas; Centinela. La Em-
bocada); Cochabamba (Villa Tunari); La Paz (Moi-
re [= Moira Camp, alto Rio Madidi]; Chijchipani):
Santa Cruz (Las Cruces). Patton et al., 2000:51
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Altamira, right bank Rio
Jurua; Barro Vermelho, left bank Rio Jurua: Ilha
Paxiuba. right bank Rio Jurua). Voss et al.. 2001:
41 FRENCH GUIANA (Arataye; Cayenne: Par-
acou: Les Nouragues; Piste Saint Elie; Saul): GUY-
ANA: Demerara-Mahica (Demerara River. 29 mi
above Georgetown): Cuyuni-Mazaruni (Kartabo):
West Demerara-Essiquibo Islands ("Caraiben-
Niederlassung Arrai am obern Pomeroon") [holo-
type of musculo]; SURINAME: Brokopondo (Fin-
isanti); Para (Lelydorpplan: Zanderij); Sipaliwini
(Oelemarie; Raleigh Falls): VENEZUELA: Ama-
zonas (Mt. [= Cerro] Duida); Bolivar (Ciudad Bo-
livar: Arabupii).
[Marmosa] murina: Trouessart. 1898:1239 part.
classification.
M[armosa] murina: Miranda Ribeiro. 1905:189
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Monte Serrat. Itatiaya).
Marmosa murina murina: Tate. 1933:92 BRAZIL:
Para (Igarape Assu [= Igarape Acu], [holotype of
parata]; Caldeirao, Marajo [= Ilha de Marajo]):
Maranhdo (Parnaiba [= Parnahyba, now in Piauf];
Cocos, Codo: Tury-assu); Pernambuco (Dois Ir-
maos, Recife); Paraiba (Penha): GUYANA: Esse-
quibo (Hoolie Island. Essequibo River, not locat-
ed): SURINAME. Vieira, 1953:220 BRAZIL: Al-
agoas (Mangabeiras [= Mangabeira]). Avila Pires.
1958:3 BRAZIL: Para (Utinga. Belem de Para).
Carvalho, 1962:285, 296 BRAZIL: Amapd (Rio
Maruanum. Macapa: Rio Amapari. Macapa). Avila
Pires, 1968:166 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Monte
Serrat [= Pico das Agulhas Negras], Itatiaia). Pine.
1973b:55 BRAZIL: Para (Belem). da Fonseca
and Redford. 1984:518 BRAZIL: Distrito Fed-
eral (Reserva Ecologica Biologica do Instituto de
Geografia e Estatfstica [IBGE]).
Marmosa murina murina: Cabrera (part, not Linnae-
us). 1958:20 moeirae in synonymy only.
P[hilander] murinus: Tiedemann. 1808:427 classi-
fication.
0[possum] murinus: Schmid. 1818:117 marmose of
Buffon.
Philander murinus: Gray, 1843:101 tropical Amer-
ica.
Micoureus murinus: Lesson, 1842:186 classifica-
tion.
[Didelphis] dorsigera Linnaeus, 1758:55 "Ameri-
ca" (type locality): name based on the mus sylves-
tris americanus of Seba, "Merian Surin[ame]"
Bos-rat. Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Didelphis Dorsigera: Shaw. 1 800:485 Merian opos-
sum.
Didelphis dorsigera: Temminck, 1825:48 compari-
son with D. caxopollin. Schomburgk. 1840:345
GUYANA. Jentink, 1887:302 SURINAME. Jen-
tink, 1888:221 SURINAME.
Didelphys dorsigera: Waterhouse, 1841:104 Meri-
an 's opossum. Burmeister. 1879:192 part, distri-
bution.
D[idelphxs] dorsigera: Wagner. 1843:48. Cabanis and
Schomburgk, 1848:777 GUYANA.
Micoureus dorsigera: Lesson, 1842:186 classifica-
tion.
Philander dorsigera: Gray, 1843:101 specimens
without locality listed.
Marmosa dorsigera: Thomas, 191 lb: 144 SURI-
NAME: (type locality); synonyms of murina Lin-
naeus; "type" in BMNH (Lidth de Jeude collec-
tion).
[Monodelphis] dorsigens: Burnett, 1830:351 incor-
rect subsequent spelling classification.
Grymaeomys dorsiger: Burmeister, 1856:80 incor-
rect subsequent spelling part, distribution.
Didelphis guianensis Kerr. 1792:194 SURINAME:
name based on the Guiana opossum of Pennant.
Gardner. 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa murina guianensis, Carvalho, 1962:285,
296 BRAZIL: Amapd (Macapa).
Didelphys macrotarsus Wagner. 1842:359 BRAZIL:
(type locality, Rio Madeira, Amazonas; holotype,
male, in the Vienna Museum, no. 195, collected by
Johann Natterer: not Didelphys macrotarsos Schre-
ber. 1778 [= Tarsius sxrichta Linnaeus]). Wagner,
1850:145 BRAZIL: Amazonas (type locality, Rio
Madeira, not located). Pelzeln. 1883:114 BRA-
ZIL: Amazonas (Rio Madeira, not located). Gard-
ner, 1993:18 listed.
Thylamys macrotarsus: Miranda Ribeiro. 1936:386
characters of type specimen.
[Marmosa] macrotarsus: Trouessart. 1898:1239 list-
ed in synonymy of Marmosa murina Linnaeus.
D[idelph\s]. musculus Cabanis, in Schomburgk,
1848:778 GUYANA: Essequibo (type locality,
Caribe colony of Arrai, upper Pomeroon River
[now West Demerara Essequibo Islands]; holo-
type. male, skin and skull, collected by Richard
Schomburgk). Matschie. 1916:264, 272 holotype
in Berlin museum, skin no. 2331, skull no. 24797.
Gardner. 1993:18 listed.
[Marmosa] musculo: Trouessart, 1898:1239 listed in
synonymy of Marmosa murina Linnaeus.
Marmosa murina musculo: Tate, 1933:96 GUYA-
NA: Pomeroon-Supenaam (Supenaam River, trib-
utary of lower Essequibo); Demerara-Mahaica
(Dunoon: Pen Hope, 120 [sic = 20] mi E of
Georgetown; Hyama Creek. Demerara River; Hyde
Park. Demerara River); Essequibo Islands-West
Demerara (Clarkesdale, Demerara River); Upper
Demarara-Berbice (Comackka, 80 mi up the De-
merara River); Cuyuni-Mazaruni (Kartabo, Esse-
quibo River: Bartica Grove. Essequibo River); Es-
sequibo Islands-West Demerara (Bonasica, Esse-
quibo River); Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
(Moon Mountains; Kanuku Mountains, N of); SU-
RINAME: Marowijne (Maroni); Brokopondo (Ber-
gendal): FRENCH GUIANA: (Cayenne); holotype,
a juvenile male; chloe Thomas, a synonym.
Grymaeomxs impavida: Burmeister (? not Tschudi,
1844), 1856:81 BRAZIL: precise locality un-
known; macrotarsus Wagner and murina Burmeis-
ter 1854 regarded as synonyms.
Didelphys Materhousii Tomes. 1860:58 part. Thom-
as, 1 92 la:522 ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago
62
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
(type locality, Gualaquiza; holotype skin lost, skull
only in BMNH 7.1.1.215, collected by Fraser; an-
imal pouched female in spirits figured by
Tomes, 1860, pi. 76, as type, is a member of Mar-
moset cinerea group originally figured by Water-
house, 1846:505). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
D[idelphys] waterhousei: Thomas, 1888b:342 in
synonymy of Didelphys cinerea Temminck.
[Marmosa] Waterhousei: Trouessart, 1898:1238
listed in synonymy of Marmosa cinerea.
[^Marmosa waterhousei: Lonnberg, 1921:69 EC-
UADOR: Napo (below Baeza, 5000 ft [= 1560
m]).
M[armosa] Waterhousei: Thomas, 1927a:374 mar-
anii Thomas, a synonym.
Marmosa murina waterhousei: Tate, 1933:103 part,
ECUADOR: Tungurahua (Mirador); Morona-San-
tiago (Gualaquiza, Rio Zamora); Zamora-Chinchi-
pe (Zamora); Pastaza (Rio Curaray, mouth, not lo-
cated); bombascarae Anthony, a synonym. Han-
dley and Gordon, 1979:70 VENEZUELA: Zulia
(El Rosario).
[Caluromys] waterhousei: Matschie, 1916:269 list-
ed.
Remarks The type of waterhousei was first
recorded by Tomes in 1859 with a note from the
collector, Mr. Fraser, that it had "five young in
her pouch, each 3 inches long." When naming the
animal in 1860, Tomes (p. 58) described the un-
derparts as "brownish-buff, with a stripe of yel-
lowish-white along the centre of throat and
breast." On page 59 (op. cit.), Tomes repeats that
"on all under parts the hairs are unicolour, of a
pale buff, palest on the mesial line, and on the
throat and breast taking the form of a well defined
streak of pale yellow." He then adds (p. 60) that
the type "unquestionably possessed a complete
pouch, as might be seen from an examination of
the skin preserved in spirit; and Mr. Fraser's note
accompanying the specimen." The animal figured
in the colored plate (op. cit., pi. 76) with chops
and sides of ventrum creamy-buff is not the one
characterized in the text.
In reporting on a second collection from Ec-
uador, made by Mr. Fraser, Tomes mentions a sec-
ond, somewhat smaller specimen of waterhousei
in which the hair of "the region of the pouch and
pubis [is] of a brownish-yellow colour." Finally,
on page 303 (1860), the author offers a figure of
the skull of the type of waterhousei and adds that
the "type possesses a complete pouch, in which,
according to that gentleman's [Fraser's] note, were
several young ones. When it came into my hands
this part contained cotton-wool, and was about the
size of a large hazel-nut."
The type skull is undoubtedly that of a Mar-
mosa. It is impossible, however, to reconcile a
Marmosa skull with a pouched skin. Furthermore,
no known didelphid as small as Marmosa pos-
sesses a marsupium. Although Tomes very defi-
nitely mentions the presence of a pouch, he does
not refer to it in his formal description of the un-
derparts or even notice a reddish mammary region
that covers the ventrum of any breeding female.
These considerations forced Hershkovitz (pers.
comm.) to assume that Tomes may have erred in
his judgment. It was already shown by Thomas
(1921 [9], 7:522) that "Tomes allowed a figure of
Waterhouse's specimen [of Marmosa cinerea,
1846, Nat. Hist. Mamm., 1:505] to be published
as his D. waterhousei when at the same time he
was describing under that name the skin brought
home by Frazer from Ecuador." Thomas then not-
ed that the skull of the type of waterhousei was
in the British Museum but that the skin had dis-
appeared. From the foregoing, it seems advisable
to restrict the name Didelphys waterhousei Tomes
to the type skull and leave the identification of the
skin to those who may find it.
Marmosa bombascarae Anthony, 1922:5 ECUA-
DOR: Zamora-Chinchipe (type locality, Zamora, at
junction of Rio Bombascaro and Zamora; holotype,
female, skin and skull, AMNH 47186, collected 24
November 1920 by H. E. Anthony). Gardner, 1993:
18 listed.
Marmosa maranii Thomas, 1924c:537 PERU: Lor-
eto (type locality, San Lorenzo, Rio Maranon,
above mouth of Rio Huallaga, 500 ft [= 150 m];
holotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH 24.2.22.65,
collected by Latham Rutter). Thomas, 1927:374
a synonym of waterhousei. Gardner, 1993:18 list-
ed.
Marmosa murina maranii: Tate, 1933:102 PERU:
Loreto (San Lorenzo, Rib Maranon; Orosa, oppo-
site mouth of Rio Napo; Pebas, Rio Maranon: Rio
Curaray, mouth); " 'co-type' named by Thomas ap-
pears from the characters of the skin to be a dark
noctivaga. It has no skull."
Marmosa quichua Thomas, 1899:43. Thomas, 1920:
248 PERU: Cusco (type locality, Ocobamba,
9000 ft [= 2800 m]; holotype, female, skin and
skull, BMNH 98.1 1.6.18, collected 2 October 1897
by Otto Garlepp). Thomas, 1928a:265 PERU:
Loreto (Chicosa [now in Ucayali]; Cerro Azul;
Contamana, Rio Ucayali). Tate, 1933: 106 PERU:
San Martin (Moyobamba; Yurac Yacu); Loreto
(Contamana, Rio Ucayali; Cerro Azul; Chicosa
[now in Ucayali]); Hudnuco (Tingo Maria; Rfo
Chinchao); Pasco (Pozuzo); Cusco (Ocobamba;
Marcapata. Rfo Inambari); Junin (San Ramon, near
Chanchamayo; Chanchamayo); musicola Osgood, a
synonym. Ceballos, 1959:266 PERU: Cusco (Ha-
cienda Cadena, Camanti). Gardner, 1993:18 list-
ed.
Marmosa quichua: Cabrera (not Thomas), 1917:10
PERU: Loreto (Rfo Napo).
[Marmosa] quichua: Cabrera (not Thomas), 1911:
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
63
12 PERU: Loreto (Rfo Napo); mitis Cabrera, a
synonym.
M[armosa] mitis: Cabrera (not Bangs), 1912:146
PERU: Loreto (Rio Napo).
Marmosa musicola Osgood, 1913b:95 PERU: San
Martin (type locality, Moyobamba; holotype, old
adult female, skin and skull, FMNH 19354, col-
lected 30 July 1912 by W. H. Osgood and M. P.
Anderson). Osgood, 1914b: 150 PERU: San Mar-
tin (Moyobamba). Thomas, 1927a:374 PERU:
San Martin (Yurac Yacu); may be a race of M.
quichua. Gardner, 1933:18 listed.
[Caluromys] musicola: Matschie, 1916:269 classi-
fication.
Marmosa quichua musicola: Thomas, 1927b:608
PERU: Hudnuco (Chinchavito, 3000 ft [= 930 m];
Tingo Maria, 2000 ft [= 625 m]).
Marmosa Klagesi J. A. Allen, 1900a: 198 VENE-
ZUELA: Bolivar (type locality, Ciudad Bolivar;
holotype, male, skin and skull, AMNH 16121; col-
lected 26 October 1899 by S. M. Klages). Thomas,
190 la: 154 GUYANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Es-
sequibo (Kanuku Mts.). J. A. Allen, 1904d:337
VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Ciudad Bolivar; La Union,
Rio Caura). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa murina klagesi: Tate, 1933:98 VENE-
ZUELA: Amazonas (Rio Munduapo, near San Fer-
nando de Atabapo; Bolivar (Ciudad Bolivar; Sua-
pure, Rio Caura; La Union, Rfo Caura). Perez-Her-
nandez, 1989:367 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Zona
de la Represa del Guri, Rio Caronf; Campamento,
Represa del Guri, Rfo Caronf).
[Marmosops] Klagesi: Matschie, 1916:98 classifi-
cation.
Marmosa chloe Thomas, 1907:167 GUYANA: De-
merara-Mahaica (type locality, Demerara River, 29
mi above Georgetown; holotype, male, skin and
skull, BMNH 7.6.20.16, collected 6 December
1906 by S. B. Warren). Thomas, 1 9 1 0b: 1 89
GUYANA: Pomeroon-Supenaam (Supenaam Riv-
er). Anthony, 1921:267 GUYANA: Cuyuni-Ma-
zaruni (Kartabo). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
[Marmosops] chloe: Matschie, 1916:271 classifica-
tion.
Marmosa parata Thomas, 1911 a:5 1 7 BRAZIL:
Parti (type locality, Igarape-Assu [= Igarape Acu],
50 m; holotype, female, skin and skull, BMNH
4.7.4.100, collected 12 May 1904 by A. Robert).
Thomas, 1920b:283 BRAZIL: Para (Villa Bra-
ga); Ceard. Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa murina parata: Pohle, 1927:241 BRA-
ZIL: Pernambuco (Penha; Dois Irmaos).
Marmosa tobagi Thomas, 191 la:5 15 TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO: (Richmond); (type locality, Wa-
terloo; holotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH
97.6.7.53, collected 1 1 March 1897 by Perry Ren-
dall). Clark, 1914:69 TRINIDAD AND TOBA-
GO. Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa murina tobagi, Goodwin, 1961:9 TRINI-
DAD AND TOBAGO: (Waterloo, north side of is-
land inland from Castara); regarded as specifically
distinct from M. mitis.
Marmosa madeirensis Cabrera, 1913:12 new name
for macrotarsus Wagner, preoccupied. Gardner,
1993:18 listed.
Marmosa murina madeirensis: Tate, 1933:100
BRAZIL: Amazonas (type locality, Rio Madeira;
"co-type," in Vienna Museum, collected by Johann
Natterer). (According to Tate [1933, AMNH], the
type is an adult male, no. 195, formerly mounted,
now preserved as a skin and skull); (Rosarinho,
Lago Miguel, Rio Madeira; Rio Yavarf [= Rio Ja-
varf]; Manacapuni, near mouth of Rio Negro; Villa
Bella Imperatriz [= Parintins], Rio Andira); Para
(Santarem, Rio Tapajos; Villa Braga, Rio Tapajos).
Marmosa murina roraimae Tate, 1931:4 VENE-
ZUELA: Bolivar (type locality, Arabopo [= Ara-
bupii]; foot of Mt. [= Cerro] Roraima, 4200 ft [ =
1300 m]; holotype, male, skin and skull, AMNH
75703, collected 25 December 1927 by G.H.H.
Tate and T. D. Carter). Tate, 1933:98 VENEZUE-
LA: Bolivar (Paulo. Rfo Cuquenam [= Rfo Cu-
quenan]; Mt. [= Cerro] Roraima; Arabupii, Rfo Ar-
abupii, Mt. [Cerro] Roraima). Tate, 1939:164 VE-
NEZUELA: Bolivar (Cerro Roraima. 1400 m; Au-
yan-tepuf, 460 m, 1 100 m, 1850 m). Gardner, 1993:
18 listed.
Marmosa murina duida Tate, 1931:5 VENEZUE-
LA: Amazonas (type locality. Middle Camp, foot
of Cerro Duida, 8 mi N of Esmeralda, upper Rfo
Orinoco, 350 ft [= 110 m]; holotype, male, skin
and skull, AMNH 76984, collected 3 February
1929 by Olalla Bros.). Tate, 1933:99 VENEZUE-
LA: Amazonas (foot of Cerro Duida; Rfo Ocamo,
upper Rfo Orinoco; La Laja. Esmeralda, upper Rfo
Orinoco). Tate, 1939:164 VENEZUELA: Ama-
zonas (foot of Cerro Duida, 100 m). Gardner, 1993:
18 listed. Perez-Hernandez, 1989:366 VENE-
ZUELA: Amazonas (Mavaca, Alto Rfo Orinoco).
Marmosa ruatanica mimetra Tate (part, not Thomas,
1921). 1933:126 part, ECUADOR: Napo (Bae-
za).
Marmosa meridionalis Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:361,
371 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (type locality, Para-
tudal [= Paratubal], not located; holotype in alco-
hol, MNRJ, collected by the Roosevelt-Rondon
Commission to Mato Grosso). Gardner, 1993:18
listed.
Marmosa murina meridionalis: Cabrera, 1958:19.
Avila Pires, 1968:165 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso
(Paratudal [= Paratubal], not located).
Marmosa moreirae Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:361.
380 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (type locality Ita-
tiaya; holotype, male, skin, MNRJ, collected by Sr.
Carlos Moreira). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Didelphys [?sp.] Tomes, 1859:548 ECUADOR: Mo-
rona-Santiago (Gualaquiza).
Types Name based on animals 1, 2, 3, 6 (in-
correctly cited as "12, 36") figured and described
by Seba (1734:48, 49). The specimens in the
Lidth de Jeude collection, BMNH 67.4.12.541-
542, are regarded as being part of the Seba col-
lection and were designated "cotypes" by Thom-
as, 1892:314. These specimens might be labeled
syntypes instead, although the evidence that they
actually figured in Seba's description is specula-
tive. Lectotype designated by Husson 1978:22.
64
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Type Locality "Asia, America," restricted
to Suriname by Thomas, 1892:314.
Distribution (Fig. 33) Colombia, Venezuela,
Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia.
Marmosa robinsoni Bangs, 1898
Didelphys murina: Thomas, 1882a:l 1 1 PERU: Ca-
jamarca (Tambillo, 5800 ft [= 1800 m]); Tumbez
(Tumbez). Thomas, 1888b: 343 part, PERU: Tum-
bez (Tumbez); Cajamarca (Tambillo).
Didelphys murina: Thomas (part, not Linnaeus,
1758), 1888b:343 part, COLOMBIA: Antioquia
(Medellin); part ECUADOR: Guayas (Montanas
de Balzar). Robinson, 1896:651 VENEZUELA:
Nueva Esparta (Isla Margarita).
Didelphis (Micoureus) murina, J. A. Allen and Chap-
man, 1893:230 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. J.
A. Allen and Chapman, 1897:27 TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO: St. George (Caura); Caroni (Ca-
paro).
Marmosa murina: Rendall, 1897:342 TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO.
Marmosa murina: Pirlot (not Linnaeus, 1758), 1963:
175, 178, 179 VENEZUELA: Zulia (Tukuko [ =
El Tukuko]). Tamsitt and Valdivieso (not Linnae-
us), 1964:327 COLOMBIA: Tolima (Mariquita).
Marmosa robinsoni Bangs, 1898a:95. G. M. Allen,
1902:92 VENEZUELA: Nueva Esparta (Marga-
rita [= Isla Margarita]). Handley, 1966:755 PAN-
AMA: Panama (Isla del Rey). Reig, 1968:185
VENEZUELA: Apure (Hato Acapulco). Fleming,
1972:619 PANAMA: Colon (Fort Sherman Mil-
itary Reservation); Panama (Rodman Naval Am-
munition Depot). Handley, 1976:7 VENEZUE-
LA: Zulia (Cerro Azul; Novito); Falcon (Cerro
Santa Ana, Peninsula de Paraguana; Mirimire-La
Pastora; Cerro Socopo; Rfo Socopito); Lara (Cas-
erfo Boro; La Concordia); Trujillo (La Ceiba; Va-
lera); Barinas (Altamira); Carabobo-Falcon-Yara-
cuy (Urama); Carabobo (Montalban); Miranda
(San Andres); Guarico (Hato Las Palmitas; Esta-
cion Biologica de Los Llanos); Nueva Esparta (Isla
Margarita); Sucre (Cumana); Monagas (San Agus-
tin; Hato Mata de Bejuco). Reig et al., 1977:21 1
VENEZUELA: Apure (Mato Salado); Miranda
(Curupao); Guarico (Los Dos Caminos; Estacion
Biologica de Los Llanos). Eisenberg et al., 1979:
191 VENEZUELA: Guarico (Fundo Pecuario
Masaguaral). O'Connell, 1979:717 VENEZUE-
LA: Guarico (Fundo Pecuario Masaguaral). Han-
dley and Gordon, 1979:68 VENEZUELA: Nueva
Esparta (Cerro Matasiete, Isla Margarita). Burton
et al., 1987:103 BELIZE: Toledo (Forestry
Camp). Perez-Hernandez, 1989:368 VENEZUE-
LA: Distrito Federal (Los Canales de Naiguata;
Parque Nacional El Avila); Aragua (Carretera Vieja
de Cata); Barinas (Barinitas; Rio Barragan, cerra
de la desmbocadura, Barinitas; La Erica, 20 km SW
of Barinas); Carabobo (Valencia; Punta Cabito,
Lago de Valencia; Pira Pira); Falcon (Mirimire, 5
km N and 13 km E); Miranda (El Hatillo; La
Union, EI Hatillo; La Providencia, Turgua; Los
Guayabitos; Baruta; La Cienega, Baruta; Cortada
del Guayabo; Estanaque de Curupao, N of Guar-
enas); Monagas (Cerro Papelon); Nueva Esparta
(Serrania de Copey, Margarita; La Sierra, Marga-
rita; Cerro Mastasiete; Fuenteydueno [al Este de la
Isla]; Tacarigua; Hacienda Ochenta); Yaracuy
(Agua Negra; Yaritagua, 30 km N); Apure (La Trin-
idad, Hato La Trinidad de Arauca; "Mato Salada,"
Hato Acapulco): Cojedes (Hato Nuevo; Hato El
Tirado): Guarico (Represa de Guanapito, Altagra-
cia de Orituco; Rio Memo, cerca de Altagracia;
Hato La Palmita, San Francisco de Tiznados; Ha-
cienda "La Palmita"; Estacion Biologica de Los
Llanos, Calabozo; Mondial Villasmil, Calabozo;
Santa Rita, near Rio Manapire; Carlo Bartolo, not
located); Gardner, 1993:18 listed. Adler et al.,
1997:361 COLOMBIA: Cordoba (El Contento).
Lopez-Fuster et al., 2000:836-837 VENEZUE-
LA: Aragua (Carretera Vieja de Cata); Carabobo
(Aguirre, 6 km SSE of Montalban; Cano Alparga-
ton; Embalse Rio Moron; Fundo Caricacho, Ura-
ma; La Batea, 5 km SW of Moron; Montalban,
Punta Cabito, Lago de Valencia; Urama, 19 km
NW); Distrito Federal (Los Canales de Naiguata;
Parque Nacional El Avila); Miranda (Curupao);
Yaracuy (Agua Negra); Monagas (Campamento
M.A.R.N.R., Rio Guarapiche; Caripe); Nueva Es-
parta (Cerro Matasiete; Punta Arena, Peninsula
Macanao; Serranfa de Copey); Sucre (Cariaco,
Chacopata; Guaraunos, Finca Vuelta Larga; Haci-
enda Quetepe, 16 km E of Cumana; Laguna de
Chacopata; Serrania del Turumiquire); Anzodtegui
(Morichal Largo; Rfo Caris, S of El Tigre; Rio Or-
itupano); Monagas (Campamento El Merey, 45 km
S of Temblador; Uverito, 35 km S of Temblador);
Apure (Hato Acapulco; Hato El Frio; La Trinidad
de Arauca); Cojedes (Hato El Tirado; Hato Nuevo;
Hato Pinedo); Guarico (Estacion Biologica de Cal-
abozo; Hato Flores Moradas; Hato La Fe, Coro-
zopando; Hato Las Palmitas); Portuguesa (Estero
de Chirigiiare); Barinas (Reserva Forestal de Ti-
coporo); Falcon (Cerro de Santa Ana, Peninsula de
Paraguana; Coro, 49 km N, 32 km W; Monte Cano,
Pueblo Nuevo).
Marmosa mitis robinsoni: Tate, 1933:118 VENE-
ZUELA: Nueva Esparta (Isla Margarita); Sucre
(Cuchivano, near Cumanacoa; Ypure; Campo Ale-
gre); Monagas (San Antonio de Maturin).
Marmosa robinsoni robinsoni: Cabrera, 1958:24.
Handley and Gordon, 1979:70 VENEZUELA:
Nueva Esparta (Isla Margarita; San Antonio); Su-
cre (Cuchivano).
Marmosa mitis Bangs, 1898b: 162 COLOMBIA: La
Guajira (type locality, Pueblo Viejo, northern slope
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; holotype, male, skin
and skull, MCZ 8123, collected 25 March 1898 by
W. W. Brown). Bangs, 1900:90 COLOMBIA:
Magdalena (Palomino, Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta; La Conception, Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta); La Guajira (Pueblo Viejo; San Miguel, Si-
erra Nevada de Santa Marta). J. A. Allen, 1904c:
337 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Ciudad Bolivar). J.
A. Allen, 1904d:4 17 COLOMBIA: Magdalena
(Bonda, Santa Marta; Mamatoco, Santa Marta; Ta-
ganga, Santa Marta; Minca, Santa Marta). J. A. Al-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
65
90 80" 70 60 50 40 30 20 ' 10
Fig. 33. Distribution of Marmosa murina: from northernmost South America south to central Bolivia and southern
Brazil. = localities given in published records.
66
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
len, 1916a:201 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (El
Triumfo [= El Triunfo], 600 ft [= 180 m]); Mag-
dalena (Rib Magdalena). Thrasher et al., 1971:
526 COLOMBIA: Atldntico (Barranquilla). Gard-
ner, 1993:19 listed.
Marmosa raids Lonnberg (not Bangs, 1898), 1921:
69 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Nanegal, 5000 ft [=
1560 m]).
Marmosa mitis mitis: Tate, 1933:115 COLOMBIA:
Magdalena (Pueblo Viejo; Palomino; La Concep-
cion; Santa Marta; Rio Don Diego, 45 mi E of San-
ta Marta; Bonda; Cincinati; Taganga; Minca; Ma-
matoco, Rio Manzanares); La Guijira (San Mi-
guel); Tolima (Honda, Rio Magdalena); VENE-
ZUELA: Merida (Milla, Sierra de Merida; Chama,
Sierra de Merida; Montes de Pedregoso [= Que-
brada La Pedregosa], Sierra de Merida).
Marmosa robinsoni mitis: Tate, 1933: 118 VENE-
ZUELA: Monagas (San Antonio de Maturin); Nue-
va Esparta (Isla Margarita); Sucre (Cuchivano; Yp-
ure). Handley and Gordon, 1979:70 COLOM-
BIA: Magdalena (Taganga; Mamatoco; Bondo; La
Concepcion; Minca; Palomino; Pueblo Viejo); La
Guajira (Sierra Negra, E of Villanueva; San Mi-
guel; Villanueva; Las Marimondas); VENEZUE-
LA: Zulia (Cerro Azul; Novito); Merida (Merida;
Cafetos de Milla [= Cafetal de Milla]); Falcon
(Cerro Santa Ana, Peninsula de Paraguana).
Marmosa rapposa: Trouessart (not Thomas, 1899),
1910:A30 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Auca, on road
to Nanegal).
Marmosa simonsi Thomas, 1899b:287 ECUADOR:
(type locality, Puna Island [= Isla Puna], Golfo de
Guayaquil, Guayas; holotype, female, skin and
skull, BMNH 99.8.1.20; collected 3 November
1898 by Perry O. Simons). ECUADOR: Guayas
(Puna [= Isla Puna]; Guayaquil; Chongoncito, near
Guayaquil; Cerro Bajo Verde, near Guayaquil); Los
Rios (Vinces); Manabi (Rib Briceno; Bahia de Ca-
raquez); El Oro (Los Pozos, near Arenillas); Loja
(Valle de Casanga); PERU: Tumbez (near Tumbez);
Cajamarca (Tambillo). Tate, 1933:121 ECUA-
DOR: Guayas (Puna [= Isla Puna]; Hacienda San
Ramon, Puna [= Isla Puna]; Guayaquil; Chongon-
cito; Cerro Bajo Verde); Los Rios (Vinces); Manabi
(Rio Briceno; Bahia de Caraquez); El Oro (Los Po-
zos); Loja (Valley of Casanga [= Valle de Casan-
ga]); PERU: Tumbez (near Tumbez); Cajamarca
(Tambillo). Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
[Caluromys] simonsi: Matschie, 1916:269 classifi-
cation.
Marmosa mitis simonsi: Hershkovitz, 1951:552
classification.
Marmosa robinsoni simonsi: Cabrera, 1958:25 clas-
sification.
Marmosa chapmani J. A. Allen, 1900b: 197 TRIN-
IDAD AND TOBAGO: St. George (type locality,
Caura, Northern range, 500 ft [= 150 m]; holotype,
male skin and skull, AMNH 7666/6052, collected
7 April 1894 by Frank M. Chapman). Elliot, 1907:
4 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: St. George (Cau-
ra); Victoria (Princes Town). G. M. Allen, 1911:
194 GRENADA; grenadae Thomas, a synonym.
Tate, 1933:119 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: St.
George (Caura; Savanna Grande); Caroni (Capa-
ro); Victoria (Princes Town); St. David (Heights of
Ourepouche [= El Cerro del Oropuche]); GRE-
NADA; TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO; synonyms,
grenadae, tobagi, nesaea. Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1936:
6 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: St. George (Ari-
po Valley; Botanic Gardens, Port-of-Spain). Good-
win, 1961:8 GRENADA: (Grand Etang; St.
George); TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: (Waterloo).
Gardner, 1 993: 1 8 listed.
Marmosa mitis chapmani: Hershkovitz, 1951:552.
Beebe, 1952:181 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO:
Arima (Arima Valley). Goodwin, 1961:4 TRINI-
DAD AND TOBAGO: St. George (Caura); Caroni
(Caparo); Victoria (Princes Town); St. David
(Heights of Orepouche [= El Cerro del Oropuche];
St. Andrew (Sangre Grande).
Marmosa robinsoni chapmani: Reig et al., 1977:
211 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: St. Andrew
(Turure Forest).
Marmosa fulviventer Bangs, 1901:632 PANAMA:
(type locality, San Miguel Island [ = Isla San Mi-
guel], Gulf of Panama, Panama, Pacific side; ho-
lotype, male, skin and skull, MCZ 8435; collected
28 April 1900 by W. W. Brown Jr.). Gardner, 1993:
18 listed.
Marmosa mitis fulviventer: Tate, 1933:117 PANA-
MA: Panama (San Miguel Island [= Isla San Mi-
guel]; Saboga Island [= Isla Saboga]).
Marmosa grenadae Thomas, 191 la:5 14 GRENA-
DA: (type locality, Annandale; holotype, male, skin
and skull, BMNH 87.6.30.5, collected 1886 by the
Eclipse Expedition). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa mitis grenadae: Goodwin, 1961:8 GRE-
NADA: (Grand Etang; St. George's).
Marmosa nesaea Thomas, 191 la:5 15 TRINIDAD
AND TOBAGO: St. George (type locality, Savan-
na Grande); holotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH
97.6.7.24, collected 1 1 January 1897 by Perry Ren-
dall). Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
Marmosa ruatanica Goldman, 1911:237 HONDU-
RAS: (type locality, Roatan Island [= Ruatan Is-
land], one of the islands of Islas de la Bahia, off
north coast of Honduras; holotype, adult male, skin
and skull, USNM 7785/37700, collected 4 Febru-
ary 1864 by J. Akhurst). Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
Marmosa ruatanica ruatanica: Tate, 1933:124
HONDURAS: (Ruatan Island).
Marmosa mitis casta Thomas, 191 la:5 1 6 VENE-
ZUELA: Carabobo (type locality, San Esteban; ho-
lotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH 11.5.25.184,
collected 6 February 1911 by S. M. Klages). J. A.
Allen, 1911:246 VENEZUELA: Carabobo (San
Esteban); Lara (Anzoategui). Tate, 1933:1 16 VE-
NEZUELA: Carabobo (El Trompillo; Puerto Ca-
bello; San Esteban); Lara (Anzoategui); COLOM-
BIA: Norte de Santander (Valera, 10 mi N of Cu-
cuta); pallidiventris Osgood, a synonym. Yepes,
1945:61 VENEZUELA: Yaracuy (San Felipe);
palliviventris Osgood, a synonym.
Marmosa robinsoni casta: Handley and Gordon,
1979:70 VENEZUELA: Falcon (La Pastora; Mir-
imire; Cerro Socopo; Rio Socopito); Lara (Caserio
Boro; La Concordia; Rib Tocuyo); Trujillo (La Cei-
ba; Valera); Barinas (Altamira); Carabobo (Urama;
San Estaban; Montalban); Aragua (Ocumare [ =
Ocumare de la Costa]); Miranda (Curupao; San
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
67
Andres); Nueva Esparto (Isla Margarita). Gardner,
1993:18 listed.
Marmosa mitis pallidiventris Osgood, 1912:39 CO-
LOMBIA: Norte de Santander (type locality, El
Guayabal [= Guayabal], 10 mi N of Cucuta: ho-
lotype, female, skin and skull, FMNH 18692. col-
lected 14 March 191 1 by W. H. Osgood and S. G.
Jewett). Gardner. 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa phaea: J. A. Allen (part, not Thomas,
1 899), 1 9 1 2a:73 misidentification.
Marmosa murina zeledoni: J. A. Allen (not Goldman,
1911), 191 2a:73 misidentification.
Marmosa isthmica Goldman, 1912:1 PANAMA:
(type locality, Rio Indio, near Gatiin, Colon; holo-
type, male, skin and skull, USNM no. 170969. col-
lected 16 February 1911 by Edward A. Goldman).
J. A. Allen, 191 6a:200 COLOMBIA: Valle del
Cauca (San Jose, coast; Las Lomitas [= Lomitas]).
Anthony, 1916:363 PANAMA. Enders. 1935:
385 PANAMA: Colon/Panama (Barro Colorado
Island [= Barro Colorado]). Gardner, 1993:18
listed.
Marmosa mexicana isthmica: Goldman, 1917:109.
Enders, 1930:282 PANAMA: Colon/Panama
(Barro Colorado).
Marmosa ruatanica isthmica: Tate, 1933:125 PAN-
AMA: Chiriqui (Boquete); Colon (Gatun, Rio In-
dio; Lago Gatiin); Colon/Panama (Isla Barro Col-
orado); Darien (El Real de Santa Maria. Rio Tuyra;
Tapaliza. near Cerro Tacarcuna; Cerro Tacarcuna;
Santa Cruz de Cana [= Cana]); Panama (Maxon
Ranch, Rio Trinidad); COLOMBIA: Antiquia (Me-
dellin); Choco (Condoto); Cauca (San Jose, coast);
Valle del Cauca (Los Lomitas [= Lomitas]). Tate
(part, not Goldman), 1933:125 COLOMBIA:
(Tusma, Rio Magdalena, not located).
Marmosa mitis isthmica: Hershkovitz. 1951:552
classification.
Marmosa robinsoni isthmica: Cabrera, 1958:24
classification.
Marmosa mimetra Thomas, 1921a:521 ECUADOR:
Pichincha (type locality, Santo Domingo de los Co-
lorados, 1600 ft [= 500 m]; holotype, male, skin
and skull. BMNH 15.1.1.54, collected 19 July 1914
by Gilbert Hammond). Gardner, 1993:18 listed.
Marmosa ruatanica mimetra: Tate, 1933:126 EC-
UADOR: Pichincha (Santo Domingo de los Color-
ados; Baeza; Nanegal: Mindo; Gualea); Guayas
(Balzar: Cerro Manglaralto); Los Rids (Vinces):
Chimborazo (Puente de Chimbo); Imbabura (Par-
amba; Chota); Esmeraldas (San Javier; Caronde-
let); Manabi (El Destino, Rio Cuaque [= Rio
Coaque]; Rio Briceno; Bahia de Caraquez); El Oro
(Santa Rosa).
Marmosa mitis mimetra: Hershkovitz, 1951:552
classification.
Marmosa murina waterhousei: Tate (part, not Tomes,
1860), 1933:103 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca
(Paime, '"Rio Meta" [Rio Minero]; Bogota; Fusa-
gasuga. W of Bogota); VENEZUELA: Merida (La
Azulita, S of Lake Maracaibo).
Marmosa mitis luridavolta Goodwin, 1961:5 TRIN-
IDAD AND TOBAGO: (type locality, Speyside, 2
mi inland from Tyrrel's Bay; holotype, male, skin
and skull, AMNH 184848; collected 19 March
1960 by Franklin Thurab). Gardner, 1993:18 list-
ed.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, MCZ 7749;
collected 12 July 1895 by Lt. Wirt Robinson.
Type Locality Margarita Island [= Isla Mar-
garita], Nueva Esparta, Venezuela.
Distribution (Fig. 34) Gulf coast of Belize.
Isla Ruatan in Honduras, Panama south through
northern and western Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and
Grenada.
Marmosa rubra Tate, 1931
Marmosa rubra Tate. 1931:6 PERU: Loreto. Tate,
1933:105 PERU: Loreto (Rio Curaray. mouth);
ECUADOR: Napo (below San Jose Nuevo. near
Mt. [= Volcan] Sumaco). Gardner. 1993:19 list-
ed. Pacheco et al.. 1993:1 PERU: Madre de Dios
(Pakitza): Cusco (Hacienda Villa Carmen). Mus-
trangi and Patton. 1997:22 PERU: Amazonas
(Huampami. Rio Cenepa).
Holotype Female, skin and skull, AMNH
71973, collected 7 December 1925 by Olalla
Brothers.
Type Locality Mouth of Rio Curaray, Lore-
to, Peru.
Distribution (Fig. 35) Northeastern Ecuador
and Peru.
Marmosa tyleriana Tate, 1931
Marmosa tyleriana Tate, 1931:6. Tate. 1933:105
VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Cerro Duida plateau).
Tate. 1939:164 VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Cerro
Duida, 4800-6900 ft [= 1500-2150 m]). Perez-
Hernandez. 1989:369 VENEZUELA: Bolivar
(Rio Marajano. Meseta de Jaua). Gardner, 1993:
19 listed.
Marmosa tyleriana phelpsi Tate, 1939:164 VENE-
ZUELA: Bolivar (type locality. Auyan-tepui pla-
teau. 1850 m: holotype. male, skin and skull.
AMNH 130502. collected by G.H.H. Tate). Gard-
ner. 1993:19 listed.
Holotype Female, skin and skull, AMNH
76983. collected 6 February 1929 by Olalla and
Hermanos.
Type Locality Central Camp, Cerro Duida
plateau, upper Rio Orinoco, Amazonas, Venezue-
la, altitude 4800 ft (= 1500 m).
Distribution (Fig. 36) In Venezuela, the Cer-
ro Duida plateau from 1500 m to 2200 m altitude
in the state of Amazonas and the state of Bolivar.
68
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 34. Distribution of Marmosa robinsoni in Central and South America: Belize and Isla Ruatan in Honduras;
Panama south through Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; also northern Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, and Grenada. =
localities given in published records.
Marmosa xerophila Handley and Gordon,
1979
Marmosa xerophila Handley and Gordon, 1979:68
COLOMBIA: La Guajira (type locality, La Isla;
near Cojoro, 34-37 km NNE Paraguaipoa in Zulia,
Venezuela, 5-15 m); VENEZUELA: Falcon (Ca-
patarida; Pueblo Nuevo, Peninsula de Paraguana,
13-90 m). Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
Holotype Adult male, skin and skull, USNM
443819, collected 28 June 1968 by N. E. Peterson,
F. B. Brown, Jr., and J. O. Matson.
Type Locality La Isla, near Cojoro, 37 km
NNE of Paraguaipoa, La Guajira, Colombia, ele-
vation 5-15 m.
Distribution (Fig. 37) Northeastern Colom-
bia and northwestern Venezuela.
Genus Marmosops Matschie, 1916
Marmosops Matschie, 1916:262, 267. 270 Didel-
phis incana type by original designation. Reig,
1958:274 (footnote), recognized as a valid subge-
nus equivalent to the Marmosa noctivaga group of
Tate. Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
Type Species Didelphis incana Lund, 1838:
237, by original designation.
Distribution (Fig. 38) Neotropical region
from Panama south to Parana, Brazil.
Comments Previously in Marmosa {sensu
lato; see Gardner & Creighton, 1989, p. 3).
Marmosops bishopi (Pine, 1981)
Marmosa parvidens bishopi Pine, 1981:63 BRA-
ZIL: Mato Grosso (Xavantina [= Chavantina]),
264 km N, Serra do Roncador. Gardner, 1993:20
listed.
Marmosa bishopi: Voss et al., 2001:48 BRAZIL:
Mato Grosso (Xavantina [= Chavantina]); BOLIV-
IA: La Paz (provisionally referred to M. bishopi);
PERU: Huanuco (Montealegre) (provisionally re-
ferred to M. bishopi).
Holotype Adult female, skin and skull,
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
69
80 70 60" ~5Q S 40^ 30
Fig. 35. Distribution of Marmosa rubra: eastern Ecuador and Peru. = localities given in published records.
USNM 393535, collected by R. H. Pine, field
number 5157.
Type Locality Xavantina [= Chavantina],
264 km N; Serra do Roncador, Mato Grosso, Bra-
zil, altitude ca. 1750 ft.
Distribution (Fig. 39) Known only from
Mato Grosso, Brazil, Huanuco, Peru, and La Paz,
Bolivia.
Marmosops cracens Handley and Gordon,
1979
Marmosops cracens Handley and Gordon, 1979:68
VENEZUELA: Falcon (La Pastora, 150 m). Gard-
ner, 1993:19 listed.
Marmosops cracens: Perez-Hernandez, 1989:365
VENEZUELA: Falcon (Mirimire, 5 km N and 13
km E, near La Pastora), 170 m.
Type Locality La Pastora, 14 km ENE Mir-
imire, 125-170 m, Falcon, Venezuela.
Holotype Young adult male, skin and skull,
USNM 418503, collected 11 November 1967 by
E. Peterson, F. P. Brown, Jr., and J. O. Matson.
Distribution (Fig. 40)-
con in Venezuela.
-Known only from Fal-
Marmosops dorothea (Thomas, 1911)
Marmosa dorothea Thomas, 191 la:516 BOLIVIA:
La Paz (Rio Solocame, Rio Bopi; Mapiri). Gardner,
1993:19 listed.
[Marmosops] dorothea: Matschie, 1916:271 classi-
fication.
Marmosops dorothea: Mustrangi and Patton, 1997:
21 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, 15 km S
of Tita). Anderson, 1997:151 BOLIVIA: La Paz
(Serrania Bella Vista; La Reserva; Chijchijpa; Rio
Solocame; Pitiguaya); Santa Cruz (Ascencion, 6
km S; San Ramon, 10 km N; Palmarito, Rib San
Julian; San Miguel Rincon; Cerro Hosana; Buena-
vista; Buena Vista, 4 km SW; Santa Rosita; Esta-
cion Pailon, 3.5 km W; Cerro Amboro, Rib Piti-
sama; El Palmar Road, 7 km SE of Santa Cruz;
Ayacucho; Santa Cruz, 15 km S; Las Lomitas; San-
ta Cruz, 27 km SE; Ingeniero Mora, 1 km E and 3
km N; Hacienda Pelicano; Tita).
Marmosa noctivaga dorothea: Tate, 1933:160 BO-
LIVIA: La Paz (Rio Solocame, Rib Bopi; Mapiri,
near Rio Beni, 2000 ft [= 625 m]).
Marmosa yungasensis Tate, 1931:7 BOLIVIA: La
70
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 36. Distribution of Marmosa tyleriana: states of Amazonas and Bolivar in Venezuela. = localities given
in published records.
Paz (type locality, Pitiguaya [= La Florida], Rio
Unduavi, Yungas; holotype, female, skin and skull,
AMNH 72558, collected 10 May 1926 by G.H.H.
Tate). Tate, 1933:160 BOLIVIA: La Paz (Piti-
guaya [- La Florida]). Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
Marmosa ocellata Tate, 1931:7 BOLIVIA: Santa
Cruz (type locality, Buenavista, 500 m; holotype,
old adult male, skin and skull, BMNH 26.1.5.25,
collected 6 August 1924 by J. Steinbach). Tate,
1933:162 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Buenavista).
Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
Marmosa dorothea ocellata: Anderson et al., 1993:
17 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (San Miguel Rincon;
Buenavista; Santa Rosita; Camino El Palmar, 7 km
SW of Santa Cruz; Ayacucho; Cerro Hosana).
Holotype Female, skin and skull, BMNH
1.6.7.79, collected 26 January 1901 by P. O. Si-
mons.
Type Locality "Rio Solocame," 16S, 67W,
La Paz, Bolivia, elevation 2300 m.
Distribution (Fig. 41) In Bolivia in the states
of La Paz and Santa Cruz.
Marmosops fuscatus (Thomas, 1896)
Marmosa fuscata Thomas, 1896:313. J. A. Allen,
1911:246 VENEZUELA: Carabobo (La Cumbre
de Valencia, 5000 ft [= 1560 m]). Tate, 1933:
172 VENEZUELA: Merida (La Azulita; Rio Al-
barregas; Merida); Carabobo (La Cumbre de Va-
lencia); COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (Fusagasu-
ga); Quindio (El Roble); perfusca Thomas, a syn-
onym. Tate, 1947:65 VENEZUELA: Aragua
(Rancho Grande). Handley, 1 976:6 VENEZUE-
LA: Trujillo (Hacienda Misisi'); Carabobo (La
Copa); Aragua (Estacion Biologica de Rancho
Grande); Distrito Federal (Los Venados; Alto No
Leon [= No Leon]); Distrito Federal-Miranda
(Pico Avila); Miranda (Curapao; Instituto Venezo-
lano de Investigaciones Cientificas, 15 km SW of
Caracas); Monagas (San Agustin). Reig et al., 1977:
201 VENEZUELA: Aragua (Rancho Grande); Mi-
randa (Altos de Pipe, Instituto Venezolano de In-
vestigaciones Cientificas [IVIC]). Handley and
Gordon, 1979:67 VENEZUELA: Merida (La
Azulita; Merida; Rio Albarregas; Cafetos de Milla
[= Cafetal de Milla]); Trujillo (Hacienda MisisQ;
Carabobo (La Cumbre de Valencia; La Copa); Ar-
agua (Estacion Biologica de Rancho Grande); Dis-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
71
Fig. 37. Distribution of Mannosa xerophila: northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela. = localities
given in published records.
trito Federal (Los Venados; El Junquito; Alto No
Leon [= No Leon]); Distrito Federal-Miranda
(Pico Avila); Miranda (Curupao; Institute Vene-
zolano de Investigaciones Cientificas [IVIC]. 15
km SW Caracas); Sucre (Cerro Papelon); Monagas
(San Agustin; Santa Ines); TRINIDAD AND TO-
BAGO: St. Andrew (Cumaca [= Cumacca]; Sangre
Grande, Rib Grande Forest); St. David (St. Agus-
tine); Caroni (Caparo). O'Connell, 1979:77
VENEZUELA: Miranda-Guarico (Parque Nacional
Guatopo). Eisenberg et al.. 1979:191 VENEZUE-
LA: Miranda-Guarico (Parque Nacional Guatopo).
Perez-Hernandez, 1 989:366 VENEZUELA Dis-
trito Federal (Parque Nacional *'E1 Avila"; El
Eden, Parque Nacional "El Avila"; Cerro El Avila:
Corozal, Parque Nacional El Avila; El Junquito:
Carretera El Junquito: Carretera Caracas, La Co-
lonia Tovar, km 40; Sabaneta, cerca de El Junqui-
to); Aragua (Estacion Biologica de Rancho Grande.
Parque Nac. "Henry Pittier": Rancho Grande [ =
Estacion Biologica de Rancho Grande]: La Quinta.
Rancho Grande: Palo de Vaca, Rancho Grande;
Pica Periquito, El Portachuelo, Rancho Grande;
Don Ramon, Rancho Grande; Guamitas. Rancho
Grande; Pantoja, Carretera Maracay-Ocumare;
Guacamaya, Rancho Grande); Merida (San Euse-
bio, Carbonera); Miranda (Los Teques; Altos de
Pipe, IVIC; Carrizales via Acuario "Augustin Cod-
azzi"). Gardner. 1993:19 listed.
[Mannosops] fuscata: Matschie, 1916:270 listed.
Thylamys carri J. A. Allen and Chapman. 1897:27
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Caroni (type locali-
ty, Caparo; holotype. male, skin and skull, AMNH
7314/5922, collected 20 March 1894 by Frank M.
Chapman). Gardner. 1993:19 listed.
[Tylomys] Carri: Trouessart. 1897:520 incorrect
subsequent spelling for Thylamys carri, classified
as Rodentia.
[Mannosa] Carri: Trouessart, 1898:1240 classifica-
tion.
Mannosa carri: Tate, 1933:170 TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO: Caroni (Caparo). Vesey-Fitzgerald.
1936:6 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: St. George
(Maracas Valley).
Mannosa fuscata carri: Goodwin, 1961:14 TRINI-
DAD AND TOBAGO: Caroni (Caparo): St. David
(St. Agustine): St. Andrew (Sangre Grande: Cu-
maca [Cumacca]); Arima (Arima).
Mannosa perfusca Thomas. 1924a:236 COLOM-
BIA: Cundinamarca (type locality. Fusagasuga;
holotype. male, skin and skull, BMNH 23.1 1.13.18,
collected September 1923 by Niceforo Maria).
Tate, 1933:173 and footnote type a female, not
72
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20 10 0"
Fig. 38. Distribution of the genus Marmosops: Panama in Central America, throughout northern South America,
south through Bolivia and Parana, Brazil. = localities given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
73
20 -
Fig. 39. Distribution of Mannosops bishopi: known only from Brazil. Bolivia (not shown), and Peru. = localities
given in published records.
male; regarded as a synonym of fuscata Thomas.
Gardner. 1993:19 listed.
[?]Mannosa caucae caucae: Tate (part, not Thomas).
1933:178 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (Bogata;
Fusagasuga, near Bogota).
Type Locality Valdivia, 9 km S, Antioquia,
Colombia, at 1400 m.
Distribution (Fig. 43) Known only from
Cordillera Central in Antioquia, Colombia.
Holotype Female, skin and skull, BMNH
96.1 1.1.6; collected 6 April 1896 by Salamon Bri-
ceno Gabaldon.
Type Locality Rio Albarregas, Merida, Ve-
nezuela, 1630 m altitude.
Distribution (Fig. 42) The eastern Andes of
Colombia, northern Venezuela, and Trinidad and
Tobago.
Marmosops handleyi Pine, 1981
Mannosops handleyi Pine, 1981:67 COLOMBIA:
Antioquia (Valdivia, 1400 m). Gardner. 1983:19
listed, synonymy.
Holotype Adult female, skin, skull and skel-
eton, FMNH 69838, collected 16 June 1950 by
Philip Hershkovitz.
Marmosops impavidus (Tschudi, 1844)
D[idelphys] impavida Tschudi. 1844:14. 149. 151
PERU: (type locality, '"mitteren und tiefen Waldre-
gion." not over 3500 ft [= 1090 m] elevation, and
between 10 and 12S). Thomas. 1927:607 type
lost; "had best be considered as a synonym of noc-
tivaga." Gardner. 1983:19 listed.
Didelphys impavida: Waterhouse. 1846:526. Mat-
schie. 1916:263. 272 holotype said to be in Berlin
Zoological Museum, mounted skin no. 3375. skull
no. 24771.
[Marmosa] impavida: Trouessart. 1898:1239 listed
in synonymy of Marmosa murina.
M[armosa] impavida: Cabrera. 1912:146 ECUA-
DOR: Napo (Rio Coca).
Marmosa impavida: Osgood. 1914b: 149 PERU:
Lorero (Yurimaguas). Osgood. 1915:188 PERU:
Junin (specimens from San Ramon. Rio Chancha-
mayo. regarded as topotypical). Thomas. 1920c:
248 PERU: Cusco (Torontoy. 8000 ft [= 2500
74
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
80 70 60 50 W 30
Fig. 40. Distribution of Marmosops cracens: northern Venezuela. = localities given in published records.
m]). Handley, 1966:755 PANAMA: Darien (Cer-
ro Pirre, 5300 ft [= 1650 m]; Loma Cana). Hand-
ley, 1976:7 VENEZUELA: Tdchira (Buena Vis-
ta). Handley and Gordon, 1979:68 COLOMBIA:
Valle del Cauca (Rio Cauquita, near Cali, 1000 m);
La Guajira (Sierra Negra, near Villanueva); VEN-
EZUELA: Tdchira (Buena Vista, near Paramo de
Tama, 2380-2415 m). Perez-Hernandez, 1989:
366 VENEZUELA: Tachira (Betania, Junin; Cer-
ro Las Copas, La Revancha; San Cristobal [= Bue-
na Vista], 35 km S and 22 km W); Amazonas (Cer-
ro La Neblina). Anderson et al., 1993:16 BOLIV-
IA: Santa Cruz (Caranda).
Marmosa impavida impavida: Cabrera, 1958:16
PERU: Junin (Pueblo Nuevo [= Montana Vitoc],
Cerca de Chanchamayo) ucayaliensis Tate, a syn-
onym.
Marmosops impavidus: Pacheco et al., 1993 PERU:
Cusco (above San Pedro). Anderson, 1997:153
BOLIVIA: Beni (Embocada); Cochabamba (Inca-
chaca); La Paz (Caranavi, 20 km NNE); Pando (In-
dependencia); Santa Cruz (Caranda). Patton et al.,
2000:53 BRAZIL: Amazonas (Barro Vermelho,
left bank Rio Jurua; Seringal Condor, left bank Rio
Jurua; Altamira, right bank Rio Jurua; Coloca?ao
Vira-Volta, left bank Rio Jurua); Acre (Igarape Po-
rongaba, right bank Rio Jurua); BOLIVIA: Santa
Cruz (Tita).
Marmosa caucae Thomas, 1900c:221 COLOMBIA:
Valle del Cauca (type locality, Rio Cauquita, Cali,
1000 m; holotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH
99.9.6.51; collected August 1897 by J. M. Batty).
Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
Thylamys caucae: J. A. Allen, 1912a:73 COLOM-
BIA: Valle del Cauca (San Antonio, 7000 ft [ =
2180 m]). J. A. Allen, 1 9 16a:201 COLOMBIA:
Valle del Cauca (San Antonio); Narino (Ricaurte,
5000 ft [= 1560 m]); Quindio (near Salento); Cun-
dinamarca (El Roble).
[Marmosops] caucae: Matschie, 1916:270 listed.
Marmosa caucae caucae: Tate, 1933:178 COLOM-
BIA: Narino (Ricaurte, 5000 ft [= 1560 m]); Valle
del Cauca (San Antonio, Rio Cauca, near Cali,
7000 ft [= 2180 m]; Rio Cauquita, near Cali);
Quindio (western Quindio, not located, 9000 ft [=
2800 m]).
[l]Marmosa caucae caucae: Tate (part, not Thomas,
1900), 1933:178 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca
(Mambita, upper Rio Meta, eastern Cundinamarca:
Medina, upper Rio Meta, eastern Cundinamarca;
Fusagasuga; Bogota); Meta (Guaicaramo, upper
Rio Meta); ECUADOR: Napo (Baeza; Palmera,
Rio Pastaza, not located; San Antonio, Rio Ulva;
San Jose de Sumaco [= San Jose Nuevo]).
Marmosa impavida caucae: Cabrera, 1958:16 clas-
sification.
Marmosa sobrina Thomas, 1913c:573 ECUADOR:
Pichincha (type locality, Mindo, NW of Quito,
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
75
Marmosops dorothea
Fig. 41. Distribution of Marmosops dorothea: west of Rio Beni in La Paz and east of Santa Cruz. Bolivia.
localities given in published records.
4200 ft [= 1300 m]: holotvpe. male, skin and skull.
BMNH 13.10.24.70. collected 3 July 1913 by Gil-
bert Hammond). Gardner. 1993:19 listed.
[Marmosops] sobrina: Matschie. 1916:270 classifi-
cation.
Marmosa caucae sobrina: Tate. 1933:179 ECUA-
DOR: Pichincha (Mindo: Santo Domingo de los
Colorados): Chimborazo (Rio Chanchan: Puente de
Chimbo: Pallatanga): Guayas (Ventura).
Marmosa madescens Osgood. 1913b:94 PERU:
Amazonas (tvpe localitv. Tambo Ventija [= Yentil-
la]. 9000 ft [= 2800 m]; holotvpe. male, skin and
skull. FMNH 19689. collected 15 June 1912 by W.
H. Osgood and M. P. Anderson). Osgood. 1914b:
149 PERU: San Martin (Tambo Almirante. near
Uchco [= Uscho]): Amazonas (Tambo Ventija [ =
Ventilla]): San Martin (Puca Tambo: Moyobamba).
Thomas. 1927a:375 PERU: Amazonas (San Ni-
colas [= Mendoza]. 4500 ft [= 1400 m]). Thomas.
1928a:265 PERU: Loreto (Contamana. Rio Uca-
vali: San Jeronimo. Rio Ucayali). Gardner. 1993:
19 listed.
[Marmosops] madescens: Matschie. 1916:270 clas-
sification.
Marmosa caucae madescens: Tate. 1933:181
PERU: Cajamarca (Taulis. west of Cajamarca.
9000 ft [= 2800 m]): San Martin (Moyobamba:
Puca Tambo: Yurac Yacu: Uchco [= Uscho]. 5000
ft [= 1560 m]): Amazonas (Tambo Ventija [= Ven-
tilla]).
Marmosa impavida madescens: Cabrera. 1958:16
classification.
Marmosa oroensis Anthony. 1922:3 ECUADOR: El
Oro (type locality. Portovelo. 2000 ft [= 625 m]:
holotvpe. male, skin and skull. AMNH 47180. col-
lected 2 September 1920 bv H. E. Anthonv). Gard-
ner. 1993:19 listed.
Marmosa caucae oroensis: Tate. 1933:180 ECUA-
DOR: El Oro (Portovelo: Alamor [now in Loja]:
Guainche. Alamor [now in Loja]: Salvias; Tunama.
near Alamor [now in Loja]): Loja (Celica. 6900 ft
[= 2150 m]): celicae Anthony, a synonym.
Marmosa impavida oroensis: Cabrera. 1958:17
classification.
Marmosa celicae Anthony. 1922:4 ECUADOR:
Loja (type locality. Celica. 6900 ft [= 2150 m]:
holotype. male, skin and skull. AMNH 47128. col-
lected 28 September 1920 by H. E. Anthony).
Gardner. 1 993 : 1 9 listed.
Marmosa caucae ucayaliensis Tate. 1931:9 PERU:
Ucayali (type locality. Lagarto. Rio Ucayali. 25 m
below mouth of Rio Tambo: holotvpe. male, skin
and skull. AMNH 78952. collected 20 March 1928
by Olalla and Sons): PERU: Ucayali (Lagarto. Rio
Ucayali): Loreto (San Jeronimo. Rio Ucayali: Con-
tamana. Rio Ucavali: Leguia. Rio Pachitea. not lo-
76
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20-'
Fig. 42. Distribution of Marmosops fuscatus: west-central Colombia, north and east through northern Venezuela,
Trinidad and Tobago. = localities given in published records.
cated; Rio Curaray, mouth at Rio Napo). Gardner,
1993:19 listed.
Marmosa caucae albiventris Tate, 1931:9 PERU:
Cusco (type locality, Torontoy, 8000 ft [= 2500 m];
holotype, male, skin and skull, USNM 194378, col-
lected 30 April 1915 by E. Heller). Tate, 1933:
182 PERU: Cusco (Torontoy). Gardner, 1993:
19 listed.
Marmosa impavida albiventris: Cabrera, 1958:16
classification.
Marmosa albiventris: Mustrangi and Patton, 1997:
22 PERU: Cusco (Amaybamba, 2 km NE and 3
km E, Lucumayo Valley; Paucartambo, 72 km NE).
[?]Marmosa fuscata Tate (?part, not Thomas, 1896),
1933:172 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (El Ro-
ble).
Holotype None designated. Cotype is said to
be in Berlin Zoological Museum, mounted skin
no. 3375, skull no. 24771.
Type Locality "Der mittleren und tiefen
Waldregion," not over 1061 m and between 10
and 12S, interpreted by Cabrera, 1958:16, as
"Montana de Vitoc, circa de Chanchamayo, Ju-
nin, Peru."
Distribution (Fig. 44) Mountains of western
Panama to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia,
and western Brazil, with an isolated population in
Tachira and Amazonas, Venezuela.
Marmosops incanus (Lund, 1840) [preprint of
Lund, 1841]
Didelphis incana Lund, 1839:233 nomen nudum;
Lund, 1841:236-238, 265, 293. Lund, 1842:133,
199 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa). Wa-
terhouse, 1846:503. Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
D[idelphvs] incana: Wagner, 1845:40 description ex
Lund. Thomas, 1 894b: 1 84 BRAZIL: Minas Ger-
ais; Rio de Janeiro; not a synonym of Didelphys
grisea Desmarest.
M[armosa] incana: Thomas, 1896:313 (footnote)
Didelphys grisea Thomas (not Desmarest) of Cat.
Mus. B. M. p. 349.
Marmosa incana: Miranda Ribeiro, 1935:37 BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Cabrera, 1958:
17 classification; synonyms, bahiensis Tate, pau-
lensis Tate. Avila Pires and Gouvea, 1977:9
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa); Rio de Ja-
neiro (Monte Serrat). da Fonseca and Kierluff,
1988:114 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Fazenda
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
77
Marmosops handleyi
1500 km
30
Fig. 43. Distribution of Marmosops handleyi: known only from Antioquia, Colombia. = locality given in
published records.
Montes Claros: Fazenda Esmeralda; Rio Doce State
Park [= Parque Estadual do Rio Doce]). Stallings,
1988:174 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Rio Doce
State Park [= Parque Estadual do Rio Doce]).
Tribe, 1990:566-567 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais
(Alem Parafba); Bahia (Lamarao); Rio de Janeiro
(Teresopolis).
Marmosops incana: Matschie, 1916:271 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Marmosops incanus: Mustrangi and Patton, 1997:
19 BRAZIL: Bahia (Lamarao; Serrinha; Sao
Goncalo dos Campos, 30 km SW of Feira de San-
tana; Seabra; Jequie; Jaguaquara; Itabuna, 25 km
W of Ilheus; Ilheus; Porto Seguro); Minas Gerais
(Mocambinho, Manga, Rio Sao Francisco; Fabiao,
Itacarambi, Rio Peruacu; Parque Florestal Estadual
de Jafba, Jaiba; Grota Grande, Turmalina; Parque
Nacional de Serra do Cipo, Jaboticatubas, in south-
ern Serra do Espinhaco; Conceicao do Mato Den-
tro, Serra do Espinhaco; Lagoa Santa; Esta^ao de
Pesquisas de Peti; Sao Goncalo do Rio Abaixo;
Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Marlieria; Estacao
Biologica de Caratinga, Fazenda Montes Claros,
Caratinga; Parque Nacional de Caparao, Serra do
Caparao; Fervedouro; Alem Parafba; Volta Grande;
Juiz de Fora; Porto Novo; Simao Pereira); Espirito
Santo (Reserva Florestal Companhia Vale do Rio
Doce, Linhares; Estacao Biologica de Santa Lucia,
Santa Tereza; Reserva Biologica Nova Lombardia,
Santa Tereza; Rio Sao Jose; Aracruz Florestal, Ar-
acruz; Campinho); Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis,
Serra dos Orgaos; Mendes; Sao Joao Marcos;
Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca; Floresta da Ti-
juca and Silvestre, Rio de Janeiro; Reserva Biolo-
gica de Tingua, Nova Iguagu; Ibicuf, Mangaratiba;
Angra dos Reis; Ilha Grande, Angra do Reis;
Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Itatiaia, Serra da Man-
tiqueira); Sao Paulo (Estagao Biologica de Bora-
ceia, Salesopolis, Serra do Mar; Sao Sebastiao; Ilha
de Sao Sebastiao; Caucaia do Alto, Cotia; Sao Pau-
lo; Fazenda Intervales [base do Carmo]; Capao Bo-
nito, Serra de Paranapiacaba).
Marmosa incana incana: Tate, 1933:164 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa; Mandi, Lagoa Santa).
Grymaeomys incanus Burmeister, 1856:83.
M[armosa] incanus: Thomas, 1894b: 186 (in text)
classification.
Grymaeomys scapulatus Burmeister, 1856:79 BRA-
ZIL: Minas Gerais (type locality, Lagoa Santa; ho-
lotype, male, skin and skull, Berlin Museum, skin
no. 2330, skull no. 26000; collected by Ignatz von
Olfers). Gardner, 1993:19 listed. Mustrangi,
1994:252 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Intervales Bio-
logical Reserve).
Marmosa scapulatus: Tate, 1933:167 BRAZIL: Mi-
nas Gerais (holotype).
78
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
500 1000 1500 km
30
Fig. 44. Distribution of Marmosops impavidus: in South America from Colombia south through Ecuador, Peru,
Bolivia, and northwestern Brazil, with an isolated population in Venezuela. = localities given in published records.
[Marmosops] scapulata: Matschie, 1916:271 listed.
[Marmosa] scapanus: Trouessart, 1898:1238 incor-
rect subsequent spelling- lapsus for scapulatus in
synonymy of Marmosa cinerea.
Didelphys cinerea: Thomas (part, not Temminck,
1824), 1888b:342 part, scapulata in synonymy
only.
Didelphys grisea: Lydekker (not Desmarest, 1827),
1887:281. Thomas, 1888b:349 part, BRAZIL:
Rio de Janeiro.
Grymaeomys griseus: Winge (not Desmarest, 1827),
1893:6, 12 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa San-
ta).
Micoureus griseus: Goeldi (not Desmarest, 1827),
1894:461 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Serra dos Or-
gaos).
Marmosa incana bahiensis Tate, 1931:8 BRAZIL:
Bahia (type locality, Lamarao; holotype, male, skin
and skull, BMNH 3.9.5.137, collected 1903 by A.
Robert). Tate, 1933:165 BRAZIL: Bahia (Lamar-
ao). Gardner, 1993:19 listed.
Distribution (Fig. 45) Eastern Brazil from
Bahia south to Parana.
Marmosops invictus (Goldman, 1912)
Marmosa invicta Goldman, 1912:3. Tate, 1933:171
PANAMA: Darien (Cana). Handley, 1966:755
PANAMA: Darien (Tacarcuna Laguna). Handley
and Gordon, 1979:68 PANAMA: Bocas del Toro
(Cylindro, 1220+ m); Panama (Cerro Azul, 640
m); Darien (Cerro Tacarcuna, 1464 m; La Laguna,
975 m; Casita, 458 m; Cana, 610 m). Pine, 1981:
66 PANAMA: Panama (Cerro Azul); Darien
(Cerro Tacarcuna, 4800 ft [= 1500 m]; Tacarcuna
Laguna Camp, 4000 ft [= 1250 m]; Tacarcuna Ca-
sita Camp, 2700 ft [= 840 m]; Cana). Gardner,
1993:19 listed.
[Marmosops] invicta: Matschie, 1916:270 PANA-
MA: Darien (Cana).
Holotype Two cotypes, males, no. 223 (in
spirits); male skin no. 224 and skull in Copen-
hagen Museum, collected by P. W. Lund.
Type Locality Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais,
Brazil.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, USNM
178708; collected 14 March 1912 by E. A. Gold-
man.
Type Locality Cana, Darien, Panama, alti-
tude 2000 ft (= 625 m).
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
79
Fig. 45. Distribution of Marmosops incanus: eastern Brazil from Bahia south to Parana.
published records.
10
localities given in
Distribution (Fig. 46) Panama.
Marmosops juninensis (Tate, 1931)
Marmosa juninensis Tate, 1931:13 PERU: Junin
(Utcuyacu, between Tarma and Chanchamayo).
Tate, 1933:207 PERU: Junin (Utcuyacu). Gard-
ner, 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa parvidens juninensis: Pine, 1981:65
PERU: Junin (Utcuyacu).
Marmosops juninensis: Voss et al., 2001: 47 PERU:
Junin (Utcuyacu, "4800 ft near Tarma"; Tarma).
Holotype Female, skin and skull, AMNH
63864, collected 15 November 1919 by H. Wat-
kins.
Type Locality Utcuyacu, between Tarma and
Chanchamayo, altitude 4800 ft (= 1500 m).
Distribution (Fig. 47) Known only from Ut-
cuyacu in Junin, Peru.
(Camp II, Camp VI, Camp VII, Camp XI, Cerro
de La Neblina); Cerro da La Neblina.
Marmosops impavidus neblina: Gardner, 1990:414
VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Cerro de La Neblina).
Marmosops neblina: Mustrangi and Patton, 1997:
56 VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Cerro de La Neb-
lina, Camp VII). Patton et al., 2000:53 BRAZIL:
Acre (Igarape Parongaba; Nova Vida; Ocidente);
Amazonas (Igarape Nova Empresa, left bank Rio
Jurua; Altamira, right bank Rio Jurua; Altamira,
opposite, left bank Rio Jurua; Jainu, right bank Rio
Jurua); VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Cerro de La
Neblina, Camp VII).
Holotype Adult male, AMNH 560735; col-
lected 5 February 1985 by Alfred L. Gardner.
Type Locality Camp VII, Cerro de La Neb-
lina, Amazonas, Venezuela, altitude 1800 m.
Distribution (Fig. 48) Cerro de La Neblina
in Amazonas, Venezuela and Rio Jurua region,
Amazonas, Brazil.
Marmosops neblina (Gardner, 1990)
M[armosa] impavida neblina Gardner, 1988:698
name cited as in press; VENEZUELA: Amazonas
Marmosops noctivagus (Tschudi, 1845)
D[idelph\s] noctivaga Tschudi, 1845:148. Gardner,
1993:20 listed.
80
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
110 100
Fig. 46. Distribution of Marmosops invictus: Panama in Central America.
records.
localities given in published
Didelphys noctivaga: Waterhouse, 1846:527.
[Marmosa] noctivaga: Trouessart, 1898:1238 listed
in synonymy of Marmosa cinerea. Cabrera, 1913:
12 classification.
M[annosa] noctivaga: Thomas, 1920c:248 type ex-
amined in Neuchatel Museum; impavida Tschudi
regarded a synonym.
Marmosa noctivaga: Thomas, 1926e:616 PERU:
Amazonas (Tambo Carrizal). Thomas, 1927b:606
PERU: Hudnuco (Chinchavito, 3000 ft [= 930 m];
Tingo Marfa, 2000 ft [= 625 m]); type examined;
type of impavida lost, probably = noctivaga.
Thomas, 1928b:294 part, PERU: Loreto (Pebas).
Terborgh et al., 1984:27 PERU: Madre de Dios
(Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Parque Nacional
del Manu). Rageot and Albuja, 1994:176 EC-
UADOR: Pastaza (Mera).
[Marmosops] noctivaga: Matschie, 1916:270 listed.
Marmosops noctivaga: Emmons, 1990:72 BOLIV-
IA: La Paz (Ixiamas). Emmons and Romo, 1994:
140 PERU: Madre de Dios (Ccolpa de Guaca-
mayas). Emmons, Ascorra and Romo, 1994:146
PERU: Madre de Dios ("Aguas Claras" Camp).
Emmons, Barkley and Romo, 1994:144 PERU:
Madre de Dios (Explorer's Inn Reserve).
Marmosa noctivaga noctivaga: Tate, 1933:152
PERU: Juni'n (Vitoc; Chanchamayo; San Ramon,
Chanchamayo; Rio Cayumba, not located); Hudn-
uco (Tingo Maria; Chinchavito; Rio Chinchao; Po-
zuzo [now in Pasco]); Loreto (Pebas); ECUADOR:
Tungurahua (Mirador, Rio Napo); Pastaza (Cane-
los; Rio Copataza); Morona-Santiago (Gualaqui-
za). Cabrera, 1958:22 classification.
Marmosops noctivagus: Pacheco et al., 1993:5
PERU: Cusco (Hacienda Villa Carmen; Pilcopata;
Albergue Bosque de las Nubes at Puerte Union);
Madre de Dios (Pakitza). Mustrangi and Patton,
1997:21 BRAZIL: Amazonas (Penedo. right bank
Rio Jurua). Patton et al., 2000:53 PERU: Cusco
(Amaybamba, 2 km NE, Lucumayo Valley; Pau-
cartambo); BRAZIL: Amazonas (Macaco, left bank
Rio Jau; Tambor, left bank Rio Jau; Penedo, right
bank Rio Jurua; Seringal Condor, left bank Rio Ju-
rua; Lago Vai-Quem-Quer, right bank Rio Jurua);
Acre (Igarape Porongaba, right bank Rio Jurua;
Igarape Porongaba, opposite, left bank Rio Jurua;
Nova Vida, right bank Rio Jurua); BOLIVIA: La
Paz (Chijchijpa).
Thylamys keaysi J. A. Allen, 1900b: 198 PERU. J.
A. Allen, 1900c:219 PERU: Puno (type locality,
Inca Mines, not Juliaca; holotype, male, skin and
skull, AMNH 16068, collected 8 January 1900 by
H. H. Keays). J. A. Allen, 1901a:42 PERU: Puno
(Inca Mines, Rio Inambari). Gardner, 1993:20
listed.
[Marmosa] Keaysi: Trouessart, 1904:856 classifica-
tion.
Marmosa noctivaga keaysi: Tate, 1933:158 PERU:
Puno (Inca Mines); Cusco (Marcapata, Rio Inam-
bari; Machu Picchu); BOLIVIA: La Paz (Ticun-
huaya, Rio Tipuani, 4800 ft [= 1500 m]); Cocha-
bamba (Incachaca). Sanborn, 1951b:2 PERU:
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
81
Marmosops junenensis
500 1000 1500 km
Fig. 47. Distribution of Marmosops juninensis: known only from Junin. Peru. = locality given in published
records.
Cusco (Hacienda Cadena. Quincemil). Anderson et
ah. 1993:17 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (San Rafael
de Amboro). Anderson. 1997:154 BOLIVIA:
Beni (Embocada): Chuquisaca (Rio Limon): Co-
chabamba (Yungas: Tablas Monte. 9.5 km NE: Ta-
blas Monte. 4.4 km N): La Paz (Moira Camp: Alto
Rio Madidi: Ixiamas: Mapiri: Ticunhuaya: Puerto
Linares: Chijchijpa): Pando (Puerto Camacho. 15
km NW: Palmira: Santa Rosa: Santa Rosa. 8 km
S\V): Santa Cruz (Perseveranciai.
Marmosa polita Cabrera. 1912:10 ECUADOR:
Napo (type locality. Rib Coca, near mouth at Rio
Napo: holotype. male, skin and skull. Museo de
Ciencias Naturales. Madrid, no. 797. collected by
Marcos Jimenez de la Espada). Cabrera. 1917:10
ECUADOR: Sapo (Rio Coca). Gardner. 1993:20
listed.
Marmosa noctivaga polita: Tate. 1933:155 ECUA-
DOR: Xapo (San Jose de Sumaco [= San Jose
Nuevo]. ca. 3500 ft [= 1090 m]): PERU: Loreto
(Rib Curaray. mouth: Orosa. mouth of Rib Napo):
BR.AZIL: Amazonas (Santa Rita. Tabatinga: Igar-
ape Cacao Pereira [= Cacau Pirera]. Rio Negro).
Baker. 1974:135 ECUADOR. \apo (Limon^Co-
cha [= Limoncocha]).
Marmosa purui Miller. 1913:31 BRAZIL: Amazon-
as (type locality. Iutanaa [= "Hyutanaham" =
Huitanaa]: holotype. male, in alcohol, USNM
105543: collected' March 1901 by J. B. Steere).
[Thylamys] purui: Matschie. 1916:271 listed.
Marmosa caucae purui: Tate. 1933:18-1 BRAZIL:
Amazonas ("Hyutanaham" [= Huitanaa]. upper
Rio Purus: Rosarinho. Lago Miguel. Rio Madeira).
Marmosa impavida purui: Cabrera. 1958:17 classi-
fication.
Marmosa impavida neglecta Osgood. 1915:187
PERU: Loreto (type locality. Yurimaguas. Rib
Huallaga. 600 ft [= 180 m]: holotype. female, skin
and skull. FMNH 19636. collected 28 September
1912 bv M. R Anderson). Gardner. 1993:20 list-
ed.
M[armosa] noctivaga neglecta: Thomas. 1924c:
358 classification.
Marmosa noctivaga neglecta: Tate. 1933:159
PERU: Loreto (Yurimaguas): Hudnuco (Tingo Ma-
ria): "regarded as a red phase of the female sex of
noctivaga."'
Marmosa collega Thomas. 1920b:281 BRAZIL:
Para (type locality. Villa Braga. Rib Tapajos: ho-
lotype. male, skin and skull, BMNH 20.7.14.40:
collected 7 June 1916 by Emilie Snethlage). Gard-
ner. 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa noctivaga collega: Tate. 1933:157 BRA-
82
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20
80 70 60 50* 3IT 30
Fig. 48. Distribution of Marmosops neblina: Rio Jurua region of Amazonas, Brazil, and southern Venezuela.
= localities given in published records.
ZIL: Para (Villa Braga, Rio Tapajos). Avila Pires,
1968:166 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Aripuana).
Marmosa leucastra Thomas, 1927b:607 PERU:
Amazonas (type locality, Tambo Carrizal, 40 mi S
of Chachapoyas, 9000 ft [ = 2800 m]; Chachapoy-
as). Tate, 1933:161 PERU: Amazonas (Tambo
Carrizal; Chachapoyas; near Perico, Rio Maranon
Valley, not located; may be Perico in Cajamarca).
Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa stollei Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:261, 272
BRAZIL: Amazonas (type locality, Rio Aripuanan
[= Rio Aripuana], lower Rio Madeira; holotype,
female taken from stomach of snake [Cenchris],
collected by E. Stolle). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa noctivaga lugenda Thomas, 1927a:373
PERU: San Martin (type locality, Yurac Yacu; ho-
lotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH 27.1.1.178,
collected 2 July 1926 by R. W. Hendee). Tate,
1933:157 PERU: San Martin (Yurac Yacu); EC-
UADOR: Morona-Santiago (Guayabo, near Guala-
quiza); Pastaza (Mera, Rio Pastaza). Gardner,
1993:20 listed.
Holotype Not known to be in existence; ac-
cording to Tate (1933, Bull. AMNH 66:153),
"Berlin 3375, a rather young female (?) with
small teeth, marked as collected by Tschudi, is to
be considered a co-type. None are to be found in
Neuchatel. No others elsewhere." However, ac-
cording to Matschie (1916:263, 272), the Berlin
specimen is type of Didelphys impavida Tschudi.
Type Locality Forest region between 1 and
12S and not above 1061 m; restricted to the Mon-
tana de Vitoc, near Chanchamayo, Junin, by Tate
(1933, pp. 153, 155) on the basis of Tschudi's
account of the species (cf. Reisenskizzen, 2:248-
249). Osgood (1915, p. 188) regarded as "abso-
lutely typical" a specimen from San Ramon, Rio
Chanchamayo. This locality is in the same region
as the Montana de Vitoc, specifically mentioned
by Tschudi in the Reisenskizzen.
Distribution (Fig. 49) Ecuador, Peru, Boliv-
ia, and Amazonian Brazil.
Marmosops parvidens (Tate, 1931)
Marmosa parvidens Tate, 1931:13. Tate, 1933:208
type only. Pine, 1973:55 BRAZIL: Para (Belem).
Handley, 1976:6 VENEZUELA: Carabobo-Fal-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
83
Fig. 49. Distribution of Mannosops noctivagus: in South America from Ecuador south through Peru, Bolivia,
and Amazonian Brazil. = localities given in published records.
con-Yaracuy (Urama); Amazonas (Capibara. Brazo
Casiquiare); Bolivar (km 125, 85 km SSE of El
Dorado). Handley and Gordon. 1979:68 VENE-
ZUELA: Carabobo-Falcon-Yaracuy (Urama):
Amazonas (Capibara. Brazo Casiquiare): GUYA-
NA: Demerara-Mahaica (Hyde Park). PERU: dis-
co (Hacienda Villa Carmen). Gardner. 1993:20
listed.
Mannosops pan'idens: Pacheco et al.. 1993:5
PERU: Madre de Dios (Pakitza). Mustrangi and
Patton. 1997:21 BOLIVIA: La Paz (La Reserva);
BRAZIL: Amazonas (Barro Vermelho. left bank
Rio Jurua; Ilhazinha, left bank Rio Jurua): Paid
(Altamira. 52 km SSW. E bank Rio Xingu): GUY-
ANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Karanam-
bo. Rupununi River). Patton et al.. 2000:53
GUYANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Kar-
anambo. Rupununi River, ca. 45 km N of Kanuku
Mtns.); BRAZIL: Para (Altamira. 52 km SSE, E
bank Rio Xingu): Amazonas (Lago Meduinim. left
bank Rio Negro; Barro Vermelho. left bank Rio
Jurua: Ilha Paxiuba. right bank Rio Jurua: Colo-
cacao Vira-Volta, left bank Rio Jurua; Lago Vai-
Quem-Quer. right bank Rio Jurua; Ilhazinha. left
bank Rio Jurua: BOLIVIA: La Paz (La Reserva).
Voss et al.. 2001:46 BRAZIL: Amazonas (Boca
Rio Piratucu; 80 km N of Manaus); Para (Ilha do
Taiuna, lower Rio Tocantins); FRENCH GUIANA
(Paracou: Arataye); GUYANA: Demerara-Mahai-
ca (Hyde Park): Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
(Karamambo).
Marmosa pan-idens panidens: Pine. 1981:60 CO-
LOMBIA: Antioquia (Villa Arteaga, Uraba; Val-
divia: Quebrada Valdiva: La Cabana); Caldas
(Samana): Huila (Rio Aguas Claras, Acevedo);
Boyacd (Muzo): PERU: Cusco (Hacienda Villa
Carmen. Cosnipata): VENEZUELA: Carabobo-
Falcon-Yaracuy (Urama): Amazonas (Capibara,
Brazo Casiquiare): SURINAME: Nickerie (Kais-
erberg Airstrip. Zuid River): Brokopondo (Finisan-
ti): GUYANA: East Demerara (Hyde Park. De-
merara River).
M[armosa] panidentata: Tate, 1933:44 incorrect
subsequent spelling for panidens.
Marmosa panidens woodalli Pine, 1981:62 BRA-
ZIL: Para (type locality, Utinga, Belem: holotype,
adult female, skin and skull. USNM 393532, col-
lected 14 June 1968 by R. H. Pine). Gardner. 1993:
20 listed.
Holotype Skin and skull. FMNH 18545, col-
lected 8 September 1906 by S. B. Warren.
Type Locality Hyde Park, 30 mi up the De-
merara River, Demerara. Guyana, altitude 2 m.
84
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 50. Distribution of Marmosops parvidens: throughout northern South America south through Bolivia, with
scattered populations in Brazil. = localities given in published records.
Distribution (Fig. 50) Colombia south to Bo-
livia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Gui-
ana, and scattered populations in Amazonas and
Para, Brazil.
Type Locality Teresopolis, in the Serra dos
Orgaos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 51) Coastal mountains of
southeastern Brazil above 800 m at approximately
20-25S.
Marmosops paulensis (Tate, 1931)
Marmoset incana paulensis Tate, 1931:8 BRAZIL:
Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis); Sao Paulo. Tate,
1933:166 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis;
Rio de Janeiro); Sao Paulo (Sumidouro, near Rio
de Janeiro); Parana (Roca Nova). Gardner, 1993:
19 listed.
Marmosops paulensis: Mustrangi and Patton, 1997:
21,46 BRAZIL: Minus Gerais (Parque Nacional
Caparao, Serra do Caparao; Itanhandu; Passa Qua-
tro); Rio de Janeiro (Bonsucesso, Serra dos Or-
gaos; Teresopolis, Serra dos Orgaos); Sao Paulo
(Estacao Biologica de Boraceia, Serra do Mar; Fa-
zenda Intervales, Serra de Paranapiacaba); Parana
(Roca Nova).
Holotype Adult male, skin and skull, FMNH
26576, collected 8 July 1926 by C. C. Sanborn.
Marmosops pinheiroi (Pine, 1981)
Marmosops parvidens: Tate, 1939 VENEZUELA:
Bolivar (Auyan-tepuO- Handley and Gorden,
1979 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Auyan-tepuO;
BRAZIL: Amapa (Serra do Navio).
Marmosops parvidens pinheiroi Pine, 1981:61, 63
BRAZIL: Amapa (Rio Amapari, Serra do Navio);
VENEZUELA: Bolivar (km 121, km 125, 85 km
SSE of El Dorado; Auyan-tepuO. Gardner, 1993:
20 listed.
Marmosops pinheiroi: Voss, 2001:49 BRAZIL:
Amapa (Serra do Navio); Para (Belem; Utinga);
FRENCH GUIANA (Paracou); GUYANA: Potaro-
Siparuni (Iwokrama Reserve); VENEZUELA: Bo-
livar (Auyan-tepui; Churi-tepui; km 121, 85 km SE
of El Dorado).
Holotype Adult female, skin and skull,
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
85
20-
30
-10
50
Marmosops paulensis
500 1000 1500 km
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 51. Distribution of Marmosops paulensis: southeastern Brazil. = localities given in published records.
USNM 461459, collected 8 May 1969 by the In-
stitute Evandro Chagas.
Type Locality Rio Amapari, Serra do Navio.
Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 52) Eastern Venezuela.
Guyana, northern French Guiana, and Amapa,
Brazil.
Genus Metachirus Burmeister, 1854
Metachirus Burmeister, 1854:vii, 135 Subgenus of
Didelphys [sic = Didelphis Linnaeus]: included
species, myosurus [sic] Temminck [not myosuros
Temminck = Didelphis nudicaudatus E. Geoffroy
as a synonym], quica [= Philander opossum quica
Temminck], cinerea [= Micoureus demerarae
Thomas], incana [= Marmosops incana Lund],
murina [= Marmosa murina], agilis [= Gracili-
nanus agilis], pusilla [= Thylamys pusilla], brach-
yura [= Monodelphis brachyura], tristriata [-
Monodelphis americana], velutinus [= Thylamys
velutinus]. Burmeister. 1856:68 included species,
opossum [- Philander opossum], myosurus [sic]
not Temminck [nudicaudatus E. Geoffroy a syno-
nym], quica Temminck [= Philander opossum qui-
ca Temminck]. Thomas, 1888b:329 part, subge-
nus of Didelphys; included species, D. nudicau-
datus E. Geoffroy, designated type, crassicaudatus
Desmarest [= Lutreolina crassicaudata], opossum
Linnaeus [= Philander opossum opossum]. Mat-
schie, 1916:260. 267. 268 taxonomy; type, myo-
surus [sic] Temminck (not Temminck). Cabrera,
1919:45 classification; type, "Didelphis myosu-
rus Temminck [not Temminck], = D. nudicaudatus
Geoffroy." Miranda Ribeiro. 1936:320-321, 343
taxonomic history. Krumbiegel, 194 lb: 194 re-
view. Gardner. 1993:20 species (nudicaudatus
Desmarest. 1817); synonymy; distribution.
Philander Pine (not Tiedemann, 1808), 1973a: 398
regarded as correct generic name for four-eyed
pouchless opossum "'presently known as Metachi-
rus nudicaudatus." Hall, 1981:317 name adopted
after Pine, 1973a.
Type Species Didelphis nudicaudatus E.
Geoffroy (by subsequent designation [Thomas,
1888, p. 329]). Didelphis myosuros Temminck,
1824-1827, given as type species by Gardner
(1993, p. 20) is the four-eyed pouched opossum,
Philander opossum.
Distribution Nicaragua south to northern Ar-
gentina.
86
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 52. Distribution of Marmosops pinheiroi: eastern Venezuela, Guyana. French Guiana, and Amapa, Brazil.
localities given in published records.
Metachirus nudicaudatus (E. Geoffroy, 1803)
Didelphis nudicaudatus E. Geoffroy, 1803:142. Des-
marest, 1817:424 FRENCH GUIANA: (Cay-
enne). Carvalho, 1969:217 BRAZIL: Para (Be-
lem; km 87-94, Belem-Brasflia; Sao Miguel do
Guama [= Guama]).
Didelphys nudicaudatus: Desmarest, 1827:390 part,
myosuros (not Temminck) a synonym. Jentinck,
1888:220 part, BRAZIL: "syntype a" (adult,
mounted), "syntype b" (adult male, mounted), "c"
(adult male, mounted). Waterhouse, 1841:94
BRAZIL: Bahia (Bahia). Waterhouse, 1846:482
part, BRAZIL; FRENCH GUIANA; not Didelphis
myosuros in synonymy. Thomas, 1888b:332 part.
BRAZIL: Bahia (Bahia). Lydekker, 1896:201
part, distribution.
Metachirus nudicaudatus: J. A. Allen, 1897b: 119
PERU: San Martin (type locality, Guayabamba [=
Santa Rosa de Huayabamba], 5500 ft [= 1700 m];
holotype, female, skin and skull, AMNH no.
11815/10107, collected 30 August 1894 by O. T.
Baron). Bangs, 1900:87 COLOMBIA: Magdale-
na (Palomino, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta).
Thomas, 1901a: 153 GUYANA: Upper Takutu-
Upper Essequibo (Kanuku Mts., 600 ft [= 180 m]).
J. A. Allen, 1904c:337 VENEZUELA: Bolivar
(Maripa). Ihering, 1906:1414 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso (Rio Jauru). Thomas, 1910b: 188 GUYA-
NA: Pomeroon-Supenaam (Supenaam River). Mi-
randa Ribeiro, 1914:48 BRAZIL: Rondonia
(Mattas do Piroculuina [= Piroculuina]); Mato
Grosso (Chapadao [= Chapada] dos Parecis). J. A.
Allen, 1 91 6b:562 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Tapi-
rapoan [= Tapirapua], Rio Sepotuba). Pohle, 1927:
242 BRAZIL: Pemambuco (Dois Irmaos); Rio de
Janeiro (Teresopolis; Barreira). Thomas. 1928b:
294 PERU: Loreto (Pebas, "like specimens from
Para and Pernambuco"). Miranda Ribeiro, 1935:
37 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Tate,
1939:162 VENEZUELA: Amazonas (foot of Cer-
ro Duida, 300 ft [= 90 m]); Bolivar (Auyan-tepuf,
1500-3500 ft [= 470-1090 m]); GUYANA: East
Demerara (Kartabo [now in Mazaruni-Potaro]).
Miranda Ribeiro. 1940:35 BRAZIL: Mato Gros-
so (Rio Jauru). Vieira. 1955:345 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso (Rio Jauru). Olivares, 1962:307 COLOM-
BIA: Meta (Rio Guayabero). Pirlot, 1963:175, 178,
180 VENEZUELA: Zulia (Tukuko; Kasmera, Rfo
Yasa). Pine et al., 1970:668 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso (Xavantina [= Chavantina], 264 km N of
Serra do Roncador). Yunis et al., 1973:369 CO-
LOMBIA: Arauca (Puerto Gaitan). Reig et al.,
1977:197 part, PERU: Ayacucho (Hacienda Lu-
isiana. Rio Apurimac; San Jose, Rfo Santa Rosa);
Ucayali (Balta); part, VENEZUELA: Trujillo (Mo-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
87
tatan); Merida (Bejuquero. Zea). Redford and Fon-
seca, 1986:129. 132 BRAZIL: Distrito Federal
(cerrado region, gallery forest dependent). Fonseca
and Kierulff. 1988:1 16 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais
(Fazenda Esmeralda: Fazenda Montes Claros: Rio
Doce State Park [= Parque Estadual do Rio Doce]).
Stallings. 1988:174. 187. 194 BRAZIL: Minas
Gerais (Rio Doce State Park [= Parque Estadual
do Rio Doce]). Gardner. 1988: 690 VENEZUE-
LA: Amazonas (Camp II. Cerro de La Neblina:
Camp VII. Cerro de La Neblina). Husband et al..
1992:298 BRAZIL: Sergipe (Crasto). Pacheco et
al.. 1993:5 PERU: Madre de Dios (Pakitza: Rio
Manu. lower: Cocha Cashu). Emmons and Romo.
1994: 140 PERU: Madre de Dios (Ccolpa de Gua-
camayos). Emmons et al.. 1994:14-1 PERU: Ma-
dre de Dios (Explorer's Inn Reserve). Rageot and
Albuja. 1994:176 ECUADOR: Pastaza (Mera).
Sarton et al.. 1996:307 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro
(Barra de Marico). Patton et al.. 2000:63 BRA-
ZIL: Acre (Igarape Porongaba. right bank Rio Ju-
rua; Igarape Porongaba. left bank Rio Jurua: Flora
[= Fazenda Santa Fe]. left bank Rio Jurua: Oci-
dente. opposite, left bank Rio Jurua: Nova Vida:
Sobral): Espirito Santo (Estacao Biologica de Santa
Lucia: Aracruz. Santa Cruz): Sao Paulo (Fazenda
Intervales. Base Saibadela. Sete Barros): Rio de Ja-
neiro (Ciadade Mineradoras Brasileiras Reunidas.
Ibicui. Mangaratiba): Bahia (Fazenda Beijo
Grande. 12 km S. 1.1 km E of Itabuna): Amazonas
(Barro Vermelho. left bank Rio Jurua: Lago Vai-
Quem-Quer. right bank Rio Jurua: Colocacao Vira-
Volta. left bank Rio Jurua: Alto Rio Urucu: Tefe:
Seringal Condor, left bank Rio Jurua: Rio Jaii; Ma-
caco, left bank Rio Jau: Tambor. left bank Rio Jaii:
above mouth, right bank Rio Jaii: Lago Meduinfm.
left bank Rio Negro: Penedo: Altamira: Ilha Pax-
iuba; Para (Floresta Nacional Tapirape-Aquiri.
Municipio de Maraba). PERU: Amazonas (Huam-
pami. Rio Cenepa). FRENCH GUIANA: (Sinna-
mary River). Mares and Braun. 2000:34 AR-
GENTINA: Misiones (Parque Nacional Iguazii: Rio
Urugua-f). Voss et al.. 2001:51 FRENCH GUI-
ANA (Paracou: Cayenne).
M[etachirus] nudicaudatus: J. A. Allen. 1900b: 197
(in text).
[Metachirus] nudicaudatus: Krumbiegel. 1941b:
198 BRAZIL: Paid (Ipitinga. Rio Acara).
Didelphis nudicaudata: Lesson. 1827:212 incorrect
subsequent spelling classification.
Didelphys nudicaudata: Thomas. 1 882a: 111 incor-
rect subsequent spelling PERU: Amazonas (Chir-
imoto). Thomas. 1888b:332 part. PERU: Ama-
zonas (Chirimoto).
Metachirus nudicaudata: Bertoni. 1914:69 incorrect
subsequent spelling PARAGUAY: Alto Parana
(Puerto Bertoni).
Lutreolina nudicaudata: Bertoni. 1939:6 incorrect
subsequent spelling PARAGUAY: Alto Parana
(Puerto Bertoni).
Philander nudicaudus: Gray. 1843:100 incorrect
subsequent spelling part, not synonymy. Miles et
al.. 1981a:331 BRAZIL: Para (Belem). Guerrero.
1985:40 VENEZUELA.
M[etachirus nudicaudatus] nudicaudatus: Cabrera.
1 9 1 9:46 classification.
Metachirus nudicaudatus nudicaudatus: Anthony.
1 92 lb:268 GUYANA: East Demerara (Kartabo
[now in Mazaruni-Potaro]). Miranda Ribeiro. 1936:
344, 345 part. GUIANAS: BRAZIL: Para (speci-
mens collected by E. Snethlage). Krumbiegel.
194 lb: 198 BRAZIL: Para (Ipitinga). Anduze.
1956:14 VENEZUELA: Territorio Federal Delta
Amacuro. Sanderson. 1949:787 SURINAME:
Para (Zanderij Airfield). Husson, 1973:6 SURI-
NAME. Husson. 1978:28 SURINAME: Para (Re-
publiek: Zanderij: Zanderij Airfield); Commewijne
(Coropina Kreek). Perez-Hernandez. 1989:371
VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Alto Rio Cacuri. Alto
Rio Ventuari; Tamatama: San Felipe [= Raudalito],
Rio Sipapo. not located: Cano Yureba. Salto Yureba:
Capibara; Campamento La Neblina [= Cerro La
Neblina]): Bolivar (Campamento): Delta Amacuro
Territorio Federal (Los Giiires: Tobesobe).
Metachirus n[udicaudatus] nudicaudatus: Carvalho
and Toccheton (not E. Geoffroy). 1969:217 BRA-
ZIL: Para (Guama: km 87-94 Belem-Brasflia).
Metachirus nudicaudatus nudicaudatus: Cabrera.
1919:46 incorrect subsequent spelling classifi-
cation.
D[idelph\s]s mxosuros: Wied-Neuwied (not Tem-
minck". 1824). 1826:400 BRAZIL: Bahia ("Co-
mechatiba" [= Comoxatiba = Ponta Cumuruxati-
ba]).
D[idelphis] mxosuros: Wagner (not Temminck. 1824).
1843:43 BRAZIL: part (description ex Wied-
Neuwied. 1826). Pelzeln. 1883:10 BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo (Ipanema): Rio de Janeiro (Registo do Sai).
M[etachirus] n[udicaudatus] mxosuros: Thomas (not
Temminck. 1824). 1923c:606 classification.
Didelphys mxosurus Burmeister (not Temminck),
1854:135 incorrect subsequent spelling BRA-
ZIL.
Metachirus mxosurus: Burmeister (not Temminck.
1824). 1856:69 incorrect subsequent spelling
BRAZIL: (specimen believed to be from Para).
Ihering. 1894:1 1 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo.
Didelphis mxosurus: Husson (not Temminck. 1824).
1978:29 incorrect subsequent spelling 2 "syn-
types" in Leiden Museum, skulls broken.
Metachirus nudicaudatus mxosurus: Pohle (not Tem-
minck. 1824), 1927:242 incorrect subsequent
spelling BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janei-
ro: Barreira): Sao Paulo ("type" locality restricted
to Ipanema: specimen designated "lectotype." skin
and skull. Vienna Museum. 1 16a. collected 25 Jan-
uary 1822 by Johann Natterer). Bresslau. 1927:
190 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro. Miranda Ribeiro.
1936:345. 351 BRAZIL: Bahia ("type" locality
restricted to Bahia): Espirito Santo (Lagoa de Ju-
parana): Rio de Janeiro (type locality. Realango.
Serra da Piraqua: Angra dos Reis: holotype. male,
skin and skeleton. MNRJ 1218). Vieira. 1949:
358 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo; Santa Catarina. Vieira.
1955:346 part. BRAZIL: Espirito Santo (Lagoa
de Juparana): Rio de Janeiro: Sao Paulo (Ipanema;
Bauni: Lins): Santa Catarina (Ararangua). Ca-
brera. 1958:38 personatus Miranda Ribeiro a
synonym. Carvalho. 1965:251 BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo (Boraceia). Ruschi. 1965:2 BRAZIL: Es-
pirito Santo (Rio Doce: Linhares; Lagoa Juparana).
M[etachirus] n[udicaudatus] mxosurus: Miranda Ri-
88
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
beiro (not Temminck, 1824), 1936:352, footnote
incorrect subsequent spelling BRAZIL: Espirito
Santo (Lagoa de Juparana).
Metachirus tschudii J. A. Allen, 1900b: 195. Goodwin,
1953:227 type history.
M[etachirus] tschudii: J. A. Allen, 1900c:412 (in
text) "of the M. opossum group [!]." Gardner,
1993:20 listed.
Metachirus nudicaudatus tschudii: Osgood, 1914:
149 PERU: San Martin (Moyobamba). Thomas,
1927a:373 PERU: Amazonas (San Nicolas, 4500
ft [= 1400 m]); San Martin (Yurac Yacu, 2500 ft
[= 780 m]). Thomas, 1927b:606 PERU: Hudnu-
co (Chinchavito, 3000 ft [= 930 m]; Tingo Mana,
3000 ft [= 930 m]).
Metachirus nudicaudatus colombianus J. A. Allen,
1900b: 196. J. A. Allen, 1904d:4 18 COLOM-
BIA: Magdalena (type locality, Don Amo, west-
ern slope Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; holotype,
male, skin and skull, AMNH 15448; collected 20
April 1899 by H. H. Smith). J. A. Allen, 1901c:
412. Allen, 1916a:201 COLOMBIA: Cundina-
marca (Buena Vista, near Bogota). Cabrera (part,
not J. A. Allen), 1958:37 imbutus a synonym.
Goodwin, 1953:227 type history. Hernandez-
Camacho and Borrero, 1957:213 COLOMBIA:
Santander (San Vicente de Chucurf). Perez-Her-
nandez, 1989:371 VENEZUELA: Barinas (Bar-
initas, Rio Barragan, 440 m; La Lengueta; La Er-
ica; Reserva Forestal Ticoporo); Merida (Zea;
Mesa Bolivar; Pueblo Las Virtudes, 17 km from
Caja Seca, Caserio El Amparo); Trujillo (Motatan;
Agua Viva; Valera); Zulia (Alguacil; Kasmera,
Rio Yasa; Novito; Tocuco [= Tukuko]; Puerto Ca-
tatumbo; Machiques). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
M[etachirus] nudicaudatus colombica: J. A. Allen,
1901:412 incorrect subsequent spelling CO-
LOMBIA: Cundinamarca (near Bogota).
Metachirus nudicaudatus bolivianus J. A. Allen,
1901c:41 1 BOLIVIA: La Paz (type locality, Chu-
lumani, Yungas, 2000 ft [= 625 m], 2000 m; ho-
lotype, female, skin and skull BMNH 1.6.7.73, col-
lected 14 February 1901 by P. O. Simons). Thomas,
1902a: 143 BOLIVIA: Cochabamba (Charuplaya,
1350 m). Krumbiegel, 194 lb: 196 part, BOLIV-
IA: Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz de la Sierra; San Jose).
Cabrera, 1958:37 listed. Cabrera, 1958:37 in-
fuscus Thomas a synonym. Anderson et al., 1993:
18 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Rfo Surutu). Gardner,
1993:20 listed. Anderson, 1997:155 BOLIVIA:
Beni (El Trapiche); Cochabamba (Charuplaya; Vil-
la Tunari; Yungas; Villa Tunari, 12.5 km SW
Parque Nacional Carrasco; San Rafael); La Paz
(Mapiri, Rio Chimate; Guanay, 5 km SE of Rio
Challana; Serrania Bellavista; Alcoche, 4 km NW;
Caranavi, 20 km NNE; La Reserva; Chijchipani;
Yolosito; Chulumani; Irupana); Pando (Rio Nareu-
da); Santa Cruz (Rio Suturu); Cochabamba-Santa
Cruz (Rio Ichilo, 9 km S of mouth of Rio Chapare;
Rio Ichilo, 52 km from mouth of Rio Chapare).
[Metachirus nudicaudatus] bolivianus: Krumbiegel
(part, not J. A. Allen, 1901), 194 lb: 196 ARGEN-
TINA: Formosa (La Urbana [= Estancia Tapiki-
ole], Rio Pilcomayo).
Metachirus nudicaudatus phaerus Thomas, 190 Id:
545 ECUADOR: Esmeraldas (type locality, San
Javier, Rio Cachavi, 20 m; holotype, male, skin and
skull, BMNH 1.3.19.44, collected 19 May 1900 by
G. Fleming). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Metachirus nudicaudatus dentaneus Goldman, 1912:
2 PANAMA: Colon (type locality, Gatiin; holo-
type, male, skin and skull, USNM 172732, collect-
ed 12 January 1911 by E. A. Goldman). Enders,
1935:41 1 PANAMA: Colon/Panama (Barro Col-
orado). Goodwin, 1942:1 13 NICARAGUA:
(Chontales). Hall and Kelson, 1959:19 map 10
(Middle American distribution). Gardner, 1993:
20 listed.
Philander nudicaudatus dentaneus: Hall, 1981:18
map 1 1 (Central American range); classification;
distribution.
Metachirus nudicaudatus antioquiae J. A. Allen,
19 16c:83 COLOMBIA: Antioquia (type locality,
La Frijolera; holotype, male, skin and skull,
AMNH 37751, collected 1 January 1915 by L. E.
Miller and H. S. Boyle). Goodwin, 1953:227 type
history. Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Metachirus nudicaudatus modestus Thomas, 1923c:
606 PARAGUAY: Paraguari (type locality, Sap-
ucay [= Sapucaf]; holotype, female, skin and skull,
BMNH 1903.2.3.38, collected 2 September 1902
by W. Foster). Crespo, 1950:7 ARGENTINA:
Misiones (Rio Urugua-i, 30 km from Puerto Bem-
berg; Puerto Bemberg). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Metachirus nudicaudatus infuscus Thomas, 1923c:
606 PERU: Madre de Dios (type locality, Rio In-
ambari; holotype, subadult male, skin and skull,
BMNH 2.7.27.8, collected by G. Ockenden).
Thomas, 1928b:285 PERU: Ucayali (Yarinaco-
cha); Loreto (Contamana; Pebas). Sanborn, 1949:
277 PERU: Ucayali (Yarinacocha); Loreto (Cerro
Azul). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Metachirus nudicaudatus imbutus Thomas, 1923c:
605 ECUADOR: Pichincha (type locality, Min-
do, W slope Cordillera Occidental; ca. 4200 ft | =
1300 m]; holotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH
13.10.24.71, collected 12 June 1913 by Gilbert
Hammond). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Metachirus nudicaudatus personatus Miranda Ribei-
ro, 1936:344, 351, 352, footnote BRAZIL: Espir-
ito Santo (Lagoa de Juparana); Rio de Janeiro (Re-
gisto do Sai, Natterer specimen in Vienna Muse-
um); Guanabara (Realango, Serra da Piraquara
[now in Rio de Janeiro]). Miranda Ribeiro, 1955:
416 "type" history. Avila Pires, 1968:168
"type" history. Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Holotype Adult female, skin mounted with
young attached to teats, skull separate, MNHN,
Paris, original catalog no. 302, exhibition hall cat-
alog no. 434; collected by H. Martin, then French
government botanist in Cayenne. Recataloged as
a C G 1990-420 (see Julien-Laferriere, 1994,
Mammalia 58[1]:3).
Type Locality Cayenne, French Guiana.
Distribution (Fig. 53) Honduras to Paraguay
and northern Argentina.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
89
20
10
10'
20
30
40
50^
Metachirus nudicaudatus \
o<P
.CD
>
0)8
'
o o
c*
%
i~. 500 1000 1500 km
90
80 ;
70 r
60
50
40
30 20 10
Fig. 53. Distribution of Metachirus nudicaudatus: from Honduras in Central America south to Misiones. Argen-
tina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil, o = localities from unpublished records: = localities given in published
records.
90
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Additional Records NICARAGUA: Zelaya;
El Pool, Bluefields (Myers, 1967, MVZ); COSTA
RICA: San Jose; Angostura (Goldman, 1876,
USNM); PANAMA: Bocas del Toro; Changuin-
ola, 7 km SSW (Handley, Jr., 1960, USNM); Pen-
insula Valiente, Punta Alegre (Greenwell, 1990,
USNM); Nun (Greenwell, 1993, USNM); Code;
El Valle, 6 mi E (Enders, 1957, USNM); Colon;
Fort Sherman (1955, USNM); Cristobal (Fleming,
1967, USNM); Camp Pina, Fort Sherman (Keen-
an, 1956, USNM); Fort Davis (1955, USNM);
Bohio Peninsula (Pine, 1972, USNM); Buena Vis-
ta Peninsula (Pine, 1972, USNM); Panama; Bal-
boa (Fleming, 1967, USNM); Fort Kobbe (1955,
USNM); Rodman Naval Ammunition Depot
(Fleming, 1967, UMMZ); Cerro Azul (1955,
USNM); La Zumbadora [= Cerro Azul] (1957,
USNM; Keenan, 1955, 1956, 1957, USNM);
Maxon Ranch (Anthony, 1914, AMNH; Richard-
son, 1914, AMNH); Cerro Campana (Field, 1954,
USNM); San Bias; Mandinga (Handley, Jr., 1957,
USNM); Armila, Quebrada Venado (Handley, Jr.,
1963, USNM); Darien; Tacarcuna (Village) [=
Tacarcuna] (Anthony, 1915, AMNH); Tacarcuna
Village Camp [= Tacarcuna] (Handley, Jr., 1959,
USNM; Handley, Jr., 1963, UMMZ); Paya Camp
(Mendez, 1959, USNM); Cana (Goldman, 1912,
USNM); Rio Jaque (Wetmore, 1947, USNM);
Jaque (Greenwell, 1966, USNM); COLOMBIA:
Choco; Rio Sando, Rio Baudo (von Sneidern,
1958, FMNH); Valle del Cauca; Buenaventura, 6
km N (Emmons, 1981, USNM); Cordoba; Socor-
re, Rio Sinu (Hershkovitz, 1949, FMNH); Antio-
quia; Puri, Rio Puri, Rio Cauca (Hershkovitz,
1950, FMNH); Tamara [= La Tirana], Rio Nechi
(Peterson, 1971, USNM); Caquetd; Montanita,
Florencia, left bank Rio Orteguaza (Hershkovitz,
1951, FMNH); Tres Troncos, La Tagua, Rio Ca-
queta (Hershkovitz, 1952, FMNH); Norte de San-
tander; Rio Tarra, Rio Catatumbo (Hershkovitz,
1943, USNM); San Calixto (Hershkovitz, 1943,
USNM); Boyacd; Rio Covaria [= Cobana] (von
Sneidern, 1959, FMNH); La Argentina, Rio Cu-
bugdn (von Sneidern, 1959, FMNH); Muzo
(Hershkovitz, 1952, FMNH); Cundinamarca;
Mambita, Rio Guavio (Gonzalez, 1922, AMNH);
Medina, eastern slope Andes (Niceforo Maria,
1925, AMNH); Meta; Buena Vista (Chapman,
1913, AMNH); Guaicaramo (Niceforo Maria,
1926, FMNH); Canay (1937, AMNH); Restrepo
(1937, AMNH); Upun [= Upin], Restrepo (1937,
AMNH); Los Micos, San Juan cte Arama, Rio
Giiejar (von Sneidern, 1957, FMNH); Villavicen-
cio (Niceforo Maria, 1939, AMNH); ECUADOR:
Esmeraldas; Rosa Zarate [= Quininde] (Rageot,
1980, USNM); Pinchincha; Pachahal [= Pacha-
tal], below Mindo (Soderstrom, 1913, AMNH);
Manabi; Rio Pescado (Tate, 1922, AMNH);
Guayas; Cerro Manglaralto (Tate, 1923, AMNH);
Napo; Santa Cecilia (Duellman, 1968, KU); Li-
moncocha (Voss, 1980, UMMZ); San Jose Nuevo
[= San Jose Abajo] (Olalla Brothers, 1924,
AMNH); Pastaza; Rio Yana Rumi (Olalla, 1934,
FMNH); Tiguino, 130 km S of Coca (Jacobs,
1990, USNM); Sarayacu, Rio Bobonaza (Tate,
1924, AMNH); Montalvo, Rio Bobonaza (Olalla,
1932, FMNH); Rio Pindo Yacu (Olalla, 1934,
FMNH); Rio Capihuara (Olalla, 1934, FMNH);
Rio Curaray, not precisely located (Olalla Broth-
ers, 1925, AMNH); Zamora-Chinchipe; Zamora
(Anthony, 1920, AMNH); Los Encuentros, 4 km
ENE, not precisely located (Gardner, 1976,
USNM); PERU: Cajamarca; Quebrada Huaran-
dosa, Rio Chinchipe (Watkins, 1923, AMNH);
Amazonas; La Poza, Rio Santiago (Patton, 1979,
MVZ); Pomara (Watkins, 1924, AMNH); Hudn-
uco; Hacienda Santa Elena [= Santa Elena], 35
km NE of Tingo Marfa (Tallman, 1972, LSUMZ);
Hacienda Exito, Rio Cayumba (Heller, 1922,
FMNH); Pozuzo [now in Pasco] (Heller, 1923,
FMNH); Pasco; Oxapampa [= San Juan de Ox-
apampa] (Tuttle, 1964, USNM); Junin; Chancha-
mayo (Schunke, 1904, FMNH); San Ramon (An-
derson, 1914, FMNH); Ayacucho; Huanhuachayo
(Gardner, 1971, LSUMZ); Cusco; Hacienda Eri-
ka, Rio Alto Madre de Dios (Myers, 1984,
UMMZ; Patton, 1984, MVZ); Kiteni, "60 km
from Rosalina on road from Quellabamba" (My-
ers, 1984, UMMZ; Patton, 1984, MVZ; Thomas,
1974, LSUMZ); Uvini [= Yuvini], Rio Cosireni
(Heller, 1915, USNM); Huaijumbe [= Huajyum-
be] (Kalinowski, 1954, FMNH); Quincemil (Kal-
inowski, 1953, FMNH); Madre de Dios; Tambo-
pata (Kuns, 1965, USNM); Puerto Maldonado
(Hibbs, 1965, USNM; Kuns, 1965, USNM); Al-
bergue Cuzco Amazonico, Puerto Maldonado, 12
km E (Warner, 1983, MVZ); Reserva Cuzco
Amazonico (Timm, 1990, KU; Woodman, 1989,
KU); Lago Sandoval, Rio Madre de Dios (Patton,
1979, MVZ); Loreto; Rio Curaray, boca (Olalla
Brothers, 1925, AMNH); Libertad (Cardiff, 1982,
LSUMZ); Santa Luisa, Rio Nanay (Kalinowski,
1956, FMNH); Puerto Indiana, N bank Rio Ma-
ranon (Olalla Brothers, 1926, AMNH); Iquitos,
Rfo Maranon (Bassler, 1924, 1928, AMNH); San
Fernando, left bank Rio Yavari (Kalinowski,
1957, FMNH); Rio Amaya, boca, W bank Rfo
Morona (Kalinowski, 1957, FMNH); Santa Elena,
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
91
Rio Samiria (Kalinowski, 1956, 1957, FMNH);
Ucayali; Pucallpa, 57 km W (Hinsch. 1971, 1972.
USNM); Pucallpa, W bank Rio Ucayali (Hinsch.
1971, USNM); Rio Urubamba, boca (Olalla
Brothers, 1927, AMNH); VENEZUELA: Zulia;
Cerro Azul (1955, 1956, AMNH; 1956, USNM);
Maracaiba (Hershkovitz personal notes); Mision
Tukuko (Ayarzaguena, 1986, USNM; Colonnello,
1986, USNM; Voss, 1986, USNM); Merida; La
Azulita (Osgood and Conover, 1920. FMNH);
Barinas; Altamira (Smithsonian- Venezuelan Ex-
pedition. 1967, USNM); La Quinta (Tuttle, In-
quillo, Stromeyer. and Peterson. 1967. USNM);
Bolivar: Cinco Rancho, 38 km NE Icabani (Tut-
tle, 1968. USNM); Amazonas; Fish Creek, Cerro
Duida (Olalla Brothers, 1929, AMNH); Esmeral-
da, Cerro Duida (Olalla Brothers, 1928. AMNH);
GUYANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo;
Boundary Camp, Itabu Creek. Corentyne River
(Blake, 1938, FMNH); FRENCH GUIANA: Ini-
ni; River Arataye (Emmons. 1984, USNM):
BRAZIL: Amapd; Maraca. Serra do Navio
(Woodall. 1966, 1967. 1970. USNM); Para; Car-
atateua. E bank Rio Caete (Instituto Oswaldo
Cruz. 1968, USNM); Braganca (Instituto Oswaldo
Cruz, 1968. USNM); Igarape-Acu (Hershkovitz
specimen notes from Instituto Oswaldo Cruz);
Utinga (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 1968. USNM):
Murucutii, Instituto Agronomico do Norte (Lima.
1923, FMNH); Capim. 8 mi SE of Belem (Insti-
tuto Oswaldo Cruz, 1968); Lazaropolis, Belem.
not located (Hershkovitz, 1996. personal notes);
Mojui dos Campos (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
1975. USNM); Rio Mojui (Hershkovitz personal
notes): Ilha do Taiuna, Rio Tocantins (Olalla.
1931, AMNH); Amarim Igarape, Rio Tapajoz
(Olalla, 1931, AMNH); km 84, Santarem-Cuiaba
(Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1972; Instituto Evandro
Chavez. 1972, USNM); Baiao. Rio Tocantins
(Olalla. 1931. AMNH); Altamira, W bank Rio
Xingu (de Paula Pinheiro, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
1972, USNM); km 43, Altamira-Itaituba (de Paula
Pinheiro, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1972); Fordlan-
dia, E bank Rio Tapajoz (Olalla. 1960. FMNH):
Itaituba (Hershkovitz field notes); km 19. Itaituba-
Jacareacanga [= Jacare-Acanga] (Ramos. Institu-
to Oswaldo Cruz, 1972, USNM: de Paula Pinhei-
ro, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1972, USNM): San-
tarem (Hershkovitz personal notes); Rio Acara
(Hershkovitz personal notes); Jacareacanga [= Ja-
care-Acanga], W bank Rio Tapajos (Ramos. In-
stituto Oswaldo Cruz. 1972. USNM: Hershkovitz
personal notes); Amazonas; Manaus (Malcolm.
1985, USNM); km 46, Manaus-Itacoatiara
(Hershkovitz field notes); Bahia; Rio do Braco
(1944, KU); Fazenda Almada (Rockefeller Insti-
tute, 1945, FMNH); Fazenda Almada, Ilheus (Ser-
vicio do Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Febra Amar-
eia [SEPSFA], 1945, FMNH); Urucutuca, Ilheus
(Servicio do Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Febra
Amareia [SEPSFA]; Riberao da Fortuna [Servicio
do Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Febra Amareia
(SEPSFA)]. 1944. FMNH); Espirito Santo; Frag-
mentos Florestals da Cai, Aracruz Calulore, Ara-
cruz (Mustrangi, 1993, MVZ); Rio de Janeiro;
Gavea (Gilmore, 1937, AMNH); Floresta da Ti-
juca (1944, 1945, KU); Sao Paulo; Rocha (Olalla,
1961, FMNH): Fazenda Capricornio, Ubatuba
(Lara, 1992, MVZ); Varjao, m, 5 km S of Casa
Grande (Souza Lopes, 1969, 1970, USNM);
Guaratuba (Souza Lopes, 1969, 1970, USNM);
Itanhaem (Souza Lopes, USNM); Boa Vista, Rio
Iporanga (Olalla. 1960. FMNH); Mato Grosso;
Aripuana (1974, 1975, USNM); Mato Grosso do
Sul; Urucum de Corumba (Hershkovitz field
notes): Dourados, 12 km N (Kuns, 1965, USNM);
Rondonia; Pista Nova [= Nueva], 8 km N of Por-
to Velho (Kuns. 1965, USNM); BOLIVIA: La
Paz; Rio Chimate, Rio Mapiri (Tate, 1926,
AMNH); Rio Challana, SE Guanay (Creighton,
1978, UMMZ); PARAGUAY: San Pedro; Aca
Poi (Wharton, 1950, USNM); Tacuati, Aca Poi, S
bank Rio Ypani (Wharton, 1950, USNM); Caa-
guazii; Caaguazii. Summerfield Colony no. 1 1
(Wharton, 1953, USNM); Paraguari; Parque Na-
cional Ybycuf (Myers, 1978, UMMZ); Canendi-
yu; Curuguaty (Myers, 1978, UMMZ).
Genus Micoureus Lesson, 1842
Micoureus Lesson. 1842:186 included species, ci-
nereus Temminck. dorsiguera Linnaeus, murina
Linnaeus, tricolor [= Monodelphis tricolor E.
Geoffroy], lanigera [= Philander lanata Olfers],
elegans Waterhouse. californicus [= Didelphis vir-
giniana Kerr], breviceps [= Didelphis virginiana
Kerr]. Thomas. 1888b:340 Didelphis cinerea
Temminck designated type species. Gardner. 1993:
20 listed.
Micoreus Vieira. 1955:350 incorrect subsequent
spelling of Micoureus Lesson in synonymy of Mar-
mosa Gray.
Micoures Reig. 1958:272 (footnote) incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of Micoureus Lesson.
Type Species Didelphis cinerea Temminck,
1824, preoccupied (= Micoureus demerarae,
Thomas, 1905), by subsequent designation
(Thomas. 1888b).
92
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Distribution (Fig. 54) Neotropical region
from Central America and adjacent Caribbean is-
lands to northern Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil.
Comments Previously included with Marmo-
set (sensu lato, see Gardner and Creighton, 1989:
3).
Micoureus alstoni (J. A. Allen, 1900)
Didelphys cinerea: Alston, 1882: 199 COSTA
RICA.
Didelphys {Micoureus) cinerea: J. A. Allen, 1891:
218 COSTA RICA: (San Jose).
Marmosa cinerea: J. A. Allen, 1897a:43 COSTA
RICA: (type locality; holotype, male, skin and
skull, AMNH 11790/16210).
[l]Marmosa cinerea: Beach, 1939:315 ECUADOR.
Caluromys alstoni J. A. Allen, 1900a: 189. Gardner,
1983:20 listed.
[Marmosa] alstoni: Thomas, 1901e: 145 classifica-
tion.
M[armosa] c[inerea] Alstoni: Thomas, 1905:313
(footnote) classification.
Micoureus alstoni: Reig et al., 1977:212 COSTA
RICA: San Jose (Santa Ana). Timm et al., 1989
COSTA RICA: Heredia (Parque Nacional Braulio
Carrillo; Concepcion de San Rafael). Patton et al.,
2000:68 PANAMA: Bocas del Tow (Boca Torito,
Isla San Cristobal).
Marmosa alstoni alstoni: Tate, 1933:67, 68 NICA-
RAGUA; HONDURAS; COSTA RICA: Limon
(Cuba); COLOMBIA: Antioquia (Jerico); Quindio
(Calarca); Cundinamarca (Bogota). Goodwin,
1942:115 HONDURAS: (Segovia River [= Rio
Segovia]). Goodwin, 1946:286-287 COSTA RICA:
San Jose (San Jose; Piedras Negras; Escazu); Li-
mon (Cubre [= Cuabre]); Cartago (Agua Caliente;
Cartago; Tres Ribs, Pozo Ancho; San Juan).
Marmosa cinerea nicaraguae Thomas, 1905:313
NICARAGUA: Zelaya (type locality, Bluefields;
holotype, adult male, BMNH 5.10.31.5, collected 9
January 1905 by G. Palmer, original no. 5).
Marmosa alstoni nicaraguae: Tate, 1933:69 NIC-
ARAGUA: Zelaya (Bluefields); COSTA RICA: Li-
mon (Siquirres, Rio Pacuare).
Marmosa demerarae meridae: Tate (part, not Tate),
1933:65 COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca ("S. [ =
Santo] Domingo de Bogota"); Boyacd ("Miraflo-
res").
Holotype Male, skin and skull, AMNH
11790/16210; collected 17 August 1893 by
George K. Cherrie.
Type Locality Tres Rfos, Cartago, Costa
Rica.
Distribution (Fig. 55) Central America, ad-
jacent Caribbean islands, and Colombia west of
the crest of the Cordillera Oriental.
Micoureus constantiae (Thomas, 1904)
Didelphis cinerea: Lund, 1841:237 BRAZIL: Minus
Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Didelphys [(Micoureus)] cinerea: Thomas, 1888b:
342 part, BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz de
la Sierra).
Grymaeomys cinerea: Winge, 1893:46 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Marmosa cinerea: Thomas, 1901c:536 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Rio Jordao). Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:
361 part, BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Marmosa constantiae Thomas, 1904c:243 BRAZIL:
(type locality). Gardner, 1993:20 listed. Heinonen
and Bosso, 1994:55 ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Parque
Nacional Calilegua, Caimancito).
[Caluromys] constantiae: Matschie, 1916:270 clas-
sification.
Marmosa constantiae constantiae: Tate, 1933:75
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Chapada [= Chapada dos
Guimaraes]); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Buenavista;
Rfo Sara, near Buenavista; Cerro Hosana; Rio Su-
rutii). Vieira, 1955:351 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso
(Chapada [= Chapada dos Guimaraes]; Porto Faia,
not located); Mato Grosso do Sul (Campo Grande).
Micoreus constantiae constantiae: Anderson, 1997:
156 BOLIVIA: Beni (Cascajal, across river; Rio
Itenez, opposite Costa Marques; Villa Monte; El
Porvenir, 5 km N); Cochabamha (Yungas; Tablas
Monte, 9.4 km N; Tablas Monte, 4.4 km N); La
Paz (Campamento Moira, Alto Madidi; Ixiamas, 13
km W; Rio Machariapo; Puerto Linares; Palos
Blancos; La Reserva); Pando (La Cruz). Mares and
Braun, 2000:34 ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Altura de
Yuta, Rio San Francisco; Parque Nacional Calile-
gua); Salta (Oran; Parque Nacional Baritu).
Marmosa budini Thomas, 1920a: 195 ARGENTI-
NA: Jujuy (type locality, Altura de Yuto, 70 km N
of Villa Carolina, Rfo San Francisco, 500 m; ho-
lotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH 20.1.7.134,
collected 3 July 1919 by E. Budin). Gardner, 1993:
20 listed.
[Marmosa] budini: Krumbiegel, 1941c:6 BOLIVIA:
Santa Cruz (San Jose, Rfo San Miguel).
Marmosa constantiae budini: Tate, 1933:76 AR-
GENTINA: (holotype).
Marmosa constanciae budini: Olrog, 1959:404 in-
correct subsequent spelling ARGENTINA: Salta
(Oran |= San Ramon de la Nueva Oran|).
Marmosa constantiae budini: Anderson, 1997:156
BOLIVIA: Chuquisaca (Rfo Limon; Chuyayacu, 2
km E); Santa Cruz (Pajaral; Rfo Mamore, 2 km N
of mouth of Rfo Chapare; Rfo Ichilo, 54 km S of
mouth of Rfo Chapare; Yapacanf; Santa Rosa, 7 km
N; Buena Vista, 25 km W, W bank Rfo Yapacanf;
Rfo Surutu; Cerro Hosana; Buenavista; Warnes;
Santa Cruz de la Sierra; Santa Cruz, 27 km SE;
Chiquitos; Estancia Cuevas; Terebinto; Boyuibe, 53
km E); Tarija (Entre Rfos, 5 km NNW; Caraparf,
3 km WNW). Flores et al., 2000:324 ARGEN-
TINA: Jujuy (Aguas Negras; Aguas Negras, camp-
ing, Parque Nacional Calilegua; Caimancito; Cali-
legua; Mesada de las Colmenas; Rfo San Francisco,
altura de Yuto); Salta (43.7 km NW of junction of
Argentine Highways 50 and 1 8 on road to Isla de
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
93
Micoureus
90 80 70" 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 54. Distribution of the genus Micoureus: Belize to southern Panama in Central America and from northern
South America to northern Argentina and southern Bolivia and Brazil.
94
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 55. Distribution of Micoureus alstoni: Central America and adjacent Caribbean islands south to western
Colombia. = localities given in published records.
Cafias; Oran; Parque Nacional Baritu, desembocad-
ura arroyo Santelmita).
Marmoset cinerea hudini: Anderson et al., 1993:17
BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Rio Surutu; Buenavista;
Warnes; Santa Cruz de la Sierra; Cerro Hosana,
Parque Nacional de Amboro).
Holotype Adult male, BMNH 3.7.7.157, col-
lected 27 August 1902 by A. Robert.
Type Locality Santa Anna de Chapada [=
Chapada dos Guimaraes], Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 56) Bolivia south into
northern Argentina and Brazil.
Micoureus demerarae (Thomas, 1905)
Didelphis cinerea Temminck, 1824:46 BRAZIL: Ba-
hia (type locality, Morro de Arara, Rio Mucuri, near
border of Espfrito Santo [cf. Wied-Neuwied, 1 826:
406]; syntypes several specimens collected by
Prince Maximillian Wied-Neuwied, Johann Natterer
and Sellow [?]. Most, if not all, were originally pre-
served in the Vienna Museum. In 1870, the Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History purchased part of
the Wied-Neuwied collection, including one of the
male syntypes of cinerea. The syntype, a skin only,
is mounted, faded, and in poor condition. Its present
catalog number is 845. A second syntype, in the
Vienna Museum, is numbered 69A [cf. Pohle, 1927:
57; Goodwin, 1953:223]). Jentink, 1888:221
BRAZIL: one of syntypes received from Vienna
Museum. Gardner. 1993:20 listed.
D[idelph\s] cinerea: Wied-Neuwied (not Goldfuss,
1809)," 1826:406 BRAZIL: Bahia (Morro d' Arara
[= Morro de Arara], Rio Mucuri); name combi-
nation preoccupied by Didelphys cinerea Goldfuss
(1809:220 [= Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr]).
Didelphx.s cinerea: Waterhouse, 1841:103 BRAZIL.
Waterhouse, 1846:501 BRAZIL. Burmeister,
1854:137 BRAZIL. Pelzeln, 1883:1 14 BRA-
ZIL: Bahia. Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904:100
BRAZIL: Para.
\Marmosa] cinerea: Trouessart, 1898:1238 part,
classification. Thomas, 1901e: 145 classification.
Marmosa cinerea: Elliot, 1907:4 VENEZUELA.
Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:361 part, BRAZIL: Rio de
Janeiro (Angra dos Reis). Lyne, 1959:84 VE-
NEZUELA: Merida. Pine et al., 1970:668 BRA-
ZIL: Mato Grosso (Xavantina [= Chavantina]).
Handley, 1976:6 VENEZUELA: Falcon (Ura-
ma); Aragua (Estacibn Bioldgica de Rancho
Grande); Miranda (Curupao); Amazonas (Puerto
Ayacucho; San Juan; Belen; Cano Culebra, Cerro
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
95
90 80 70 60 50" 40 30 20 10
Fig. 56. Distribution of Micoureus constantiae: Bolivia, northern Argentina, and southern Brazil. = localities
given in published records.
96
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Duida; Capibara, Brazo Casiquiare); Bolivar (Hato
La Florida; Hato San Jose; km 125, 85 km SSE of
El Dorado). Reig et al., 1977:212 PERU: Ucayali
(Rio Curanja, Balta); VENEZUELA: Aragua (Ran-
cho Grande); Merida (Hacienda San Pedro, Santa
Cruz de Mora [= Santa Cruz]); Amazonas (Esmer-
alda), Cerro Duida); Bolivar (El Guri [= El Man-
teco]; Caicara del Orinoco [= Caicara]). Husson,
1978:14-15 GUYANA: East Demarara-West
Coast Berbice (Coomacka [= Takama]); SURI-
NAME: Coronie (Plantation "Mary's Hope, E of
Totness"); Sipaliwini (Raleigh Falls); Para (On-
verwacht); Marowijne (Langamankondre).
O'Connell, 1979:77 VENEZUELA: Miranda-
Guarico (Parque Nacional Guatopo). Eisenberg et
al., 1979:191 VENEZUELA: Miranda-Guarico
(Parque Nacional Guatopo). Mares et al., 1981:
101 BRAZIL: Bahia (Fazenda Almeida, Ilheus;
Banco da Vitoria, Pirataquisse, Ilheus; Aritagua
Urucutuca, Ilheus; Buerarema da Fortuna [= Buer-
arema Ribeirao da Fortuna, Ilheus]); Pernambuco
(Dois Irmaos). Terborgh et al., 1984:1 PERU:
Madre de Dios (Cocha Cashu Biological Station,
Parque Nacional del Manu). Emmons, 1984:1
PERU: Madre de Dios (Cocha Cashu Biological
Station, Parque Nacional del Manu). Stallings,
1988:175 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Rio Doce
State Park [= Parque Estadual do Rio Doce]). da
Fonseca and Kierulff, 1988:108 BRAZIL: Minas
Gerais (Rio Doce State Park [= Parque Estadual
do Rio Doce]). Gardner, 1988:696 VENEZUE-
LA: Amazonas (Base Camp [= Campamento];
Base Camp I, Cerro de La Neblina; Camp V, Cerro
de La Neblina; Camp VII, Cerro de La Neblina;
Camp XI, Cerro de La Neblina).
Marmosa (Micoureus) cinerea: Pohle, 1927:241
BRAZIL: Pernambuco (Dois Irmaos).
[l]Marmosa cinerea: Sanderson, 1949:788 SURI-
NAME.
Marmosa {Micoureus) cinerea subsp.: Pohle, 1927:
241 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro.
[Marmosa] cinerea cinerea: Cabrera, 1919:36 listed.
Marmosa cinerea cinerea: Tate, 1933:55 BRAZIL:
Espi'rito Santo-Bahia-Minas Gerais (Rio Mucuri,
probably near Morro de Arara); Pernambuco (Dois
Irmaos); Rio de Janeiro; Para (Marajo [= Ilha de
Marajo]). Vieira, 1955:351 BRAZIL: Para; Per-
nambuco; Espirito Santo (Rio Mucuri; Rio Sao
Jose); Rio de Janeiro (Angra dos Reis). Cabrera,
1958:13 classification. Carvalho, 1958:123
BRAZIL: Para (Gradaus [= Gorotire], Rio Fres-
co). Avila Pires, 1968:165 BRAZIL: Rio de Ja-
neiro (Angra dos Reis). Pine, 1973b:55 BRAZIL:
Para (Belem). Avila Pires and Gouvea, 1977:9
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Monte Serrat;
Macieiras).
Micoureus cinereus: Lesson, 1842:186. Emmons and
Romo, 1994:140 PERU: Madre de Dios (Cerros
del Tavara). Emmons, 1990:72 BOLIVIA: La Paz
(Ixiamas). Patterson, 1992:7 BRAZIL: Amazonas
(Codajaz); Para (Cameta).
Philander cinereus: Gray, 1843:101 South America.
Grymaeomys cinereus: Burmeister, 1856:78 classi-
fication.
Caluromys cinereus: J. A. Allen, 1900a: 189 classi-
fication.
Didelphis cinereus: Avila Pires, 1965:4 BRAZIL:
Bahia (type locality, Morro d' Arara [= Morro de
Arara], some 30 km W of mouth of Rio Mucuri;
holotype, male, skin, formerly mounted, AMNH
845).
Marmosa cinerea demerarae Thomas, 1905:313
GUYANA (type locality). Anthony, 1921:267
GUYANA: Essequibo (Kartabo |now in Cuvani-
Mazaruni]). Perez-Hernandez, 1989:364 VENE-
ZUELA: Bolivar (Campamento, Zona de la Repre-
sa del Guri, Rio Caroni; Alrededores de Caicara del
Orinoco, Orinoco Medio); Merida (Las Porqueras).
Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa demararae demararae: Tate, 1933:62 in-
correct subsequent spelling GUYANA: Upper
Demerara-Berbice (Comaccka [= Takama]); De-
merara-Mahaica (Hyde Park); Cuyuni-Mazaruni
(Kartabo; Bartica Grove; Kalacoon); Potaro-Sipa-
runi (Potaro District); Upper Takutu-Upper Esse-
quibo (Ireng Valley); SURINAME; VENEZUELA:
Sucre (Maturfn [now in Monagas]). Tate, 1939:
164 listed.
Marmosa cineaea demararae: Cabrera, 1958:13 in-
correct subsequent spelling listed.
[Caluromys] demararae: Matschie, 1916:269 incor-
rect subsequent spelling listed.
Marmosa demararae: Tate, 1933:60 description.
Marmosa demararae ssp.: Mendez, 1951:207 incor-
rect subsequent spelling VENEZUELA: Miranda
(La Cienaga [= La Cienega], near Baruta); Miran-
da (Turgua).
Micoureus demerarae: Gardner, 1993:20. Peres et al.,
1999:39 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Poco das An-
tas Biological Reserve). Patton et al., 2000:68
Acre (Nova Vida, right bank Rio Jurua; opposite
Igarape Porongaba, left bank Rio Jurua, Igarape
Porongaba, right bank Rio Jurua; Sobral). Amazon-
as (above mouth, right bank Rio Jau; Macaco, left
bank Rio Jau; Boa Esperanca, right bank Rio Jurua;
Ilha Paxiuba; Tambor, left bank Rio Jau; Comuni-
dade Colina, right bank Rio Tiquie, Municipio San
Gabriel de Cachoeira; Lago Medufnim, left bank
Rio Negro; Seringal Condor, left bank Rio Jurua;
Penedo; Barro Vermelho, Condor, left bank Rio Ju-
rua; Lago Vai-Quem-Quer; Altamira, right bank
Rio Jurua; Colocacao Vira-Volta, left bank Rio Ju-
rua; Alto Rio Urucu, Tefe; Para (Altamira, 52 km
SSW); VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Camp VII, Cer-
ro de La Nablina); GUYANA: Rupununi (Quarter-
mile Landing, Rupununi River, 5 km S of Anna);
BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Flor de Oro, left bank Rio
Itenez, Parque Noel Kempff Mercado); PERU:
Cusco (Tangoshiari, 2 km SW, Rio Pangoreni). Ma-
res and Braun, 2000:34 ARGENTINA: Misiones
(Arroyo Vina |= brazo del Arroyo Garupa]; Parque
Nacional Iguazu). Voss et al., 2001:53 FRENCH
GUIANA (Paracou); GUYANA: Cuyuni-Mazaruni
(Kartabo); Potaro-Siparuni (Surama, 5 km SE;
Iwokrama Reserve); Upper Demerara-Upper Es-
sequibo (Comackka on Demerara River); Upper
Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Ireng Valley; Kuitaro
River, 40 mi E of Dadanawa; Weri More, not lo-
cated; Achamere Wan, not located).
Marmosa domina Thomas, 1920b:280 BRAZIL:
Para (type locality, Villa Braga, Rio Tapajos; ho-
lotype, female, skin and skull, BMNH 20.7.14.39,
collected 19 June 1917 by Emilia Snethlage). Tate,
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
97
1933:72 BRAZIL: "Amazonia*: Para (Villa
Braga. Rio Tapajoz): Roraima [formerly Rio Bran-
co] (Serra da Lua. near Boa Vista. Rio Branco):
Amazonas (Lago do Capiranga: Lago do Arara:
Ayapua [= Aipua]. Rio Purus: Villa Bella Imper-
atriz [= Parintins]: Rio Andira. boca). Carvalho.
1962:285. 296 BRAZIL: Amapd (Rio Araguari.
Macapa). Avila Pires. 1964:8. 1 1 BRAZIL: Para
(Villa Braga. Rio Tapajos): Amazonas (Manaus).
Gardner. 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa limae Thomas. 1920b:282 BRAZIL:
Ceard (tvpe locality; holotvpe. female, skin and
skull. BMNH 20.7.14.41: collected 1916 by F.
Lima and lived for some months in the Para Mu-
seum, died 11 March 1916). Gardner. 1993:20
listed.
Micoureus limae: Patton et al.. 2000:67-68 (tenta-
tively to the coastal Mata Atlantica. Brazilian
clade) BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Parque Estadual
do Rio Preto. 15 km S of Sao Goncalo do Rio
Preto: Parque Estadual do Rio Doce. 13 km E of
Marlieria): Espirito Santo (Fazenda Santa Terezin-
ha. 33 km NE of Linhares): Sao Paulo (Fazenda
Intervales. Capao Bonito).
Marmosa demararae areniticola Tate. 1931:2 VE-
NEZUELA: Bolivar (type locality. Arabupu [= Ar-
abopo]. foot of Cerro* Roraima.' 4200 ft [= 1300
mj: holotvpe. male, skin and skull. AMNH 75691.
collected 29 December 1927 bv G.H.H. Tate and
T. D. Carter). Tate. 1933:63 VENEZUELA: Bo-
livar (Arabupu [= Arabopo], Cerro Roraima). Tate.
1939:164 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Cerro Rorai-
ma. 1300 m: Auvan-tepui. 460-1850 m). Gardner.
1993:20 listed."
Marmosa cinerea arenticola: Perez-Hernandez. 1989:
364 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Carretera El Dora-
do Santa Elena).
Marmosa demararae esmeraldae Tate. 1931:2 VE-
NEZUELA: Amazonas (type locality. Esmeralda,
near foot of Cerro Duida. upper Orinoco. 325 ft [=
95 m]: holotvpe. male. AMNH 76964: collected 7
October 1928 by G.H.H. Tate: Casiquiare Canal
and Cerro Duida region to 6200 ft [= 1930 m]).
Tate. 1933:64 VENEZUELA: Amazonas (Esmer-
alda: Cerro Duida: upper Rio Orinoco: Rio Ocamo.
SW of Esmeralda: Casiquiare Canal: Quemapure.
Casiquiare Canal). Tate. 1939:164 VENEZUE-
LA: Amazonas (Cerro Duida. 100-2000 m). Gard-
ner. 1993:20 listed.
[Marmosa demararae] esmeraldae: Krumbieael.
1 94 lc:5 VENEZUELA: Aragua (Maracay).
Marmosa cinerea esmeraldae: Perez-Hernandez.
1989:365 VENEZUELA: Amazonas (La Esmer-
alda: Campamento No. 2. Duida: Isla Cigarron. Rio
Negro: Rio Manapiare. San Juan de Manapiare: Rio
Casiquiare. Capibara: Raudal Cerguera. Rio Au-
tana).
Marmosa cinerea paraguayana Tate. 1931:1 PAR-
AGUAY: Guaird (type locality. Villa Rica [= Vil-
larica]: holotvpe. adult male. BMNH 25.5.1.15.
collected by Schade): BR.AZIL: Minas Gerais (La-
goa Santa): Santa Catarina. Tate. 1933:58 PAR-
AGUAY: Guaird (Villa Rica [= Villarica]): Para-
guari (Sapucay [= Sapucaf]); BRAZIL: Parana
(Rio Jordao): Santa Catarina (Hansa [= Corupa]):
"Rio de Janeiro. Sao Paulo": Sao Paulo (Piquete):
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa). Yepes. 1938:42
PARAGUAY: BRAZIL: ARGENTINA: (no speci-
mens). Vieira. 1949:350 BRAZIL: Rio Grande
do Sul. Vieira. 1955:351 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais
(Lagoa Santa): Sao Paulo (Itapetininga: Bauni;
Ubatuba: Tambaii): Parana: Santa Catarina (Join-
ville [= Join vile]: Colonia Hansa [= Corupa]). Ca-
brera. 1958:1-4 classification. Gardner. 1993:20
listed.
[Marmosa cinerea] paraguaxana: Krumbiegel.
1 94 lc:3 PARAGUAY: San Pedro (Nueva Ger-
mania).
Marmosa demararae meridae Tate. 1931:3. 65 VE-
NEZUELA: Merida (type locality. Cafetos de Me-
rida. 1630 m: holotvpe. male, skin and skull.
USNM 137510: collected 14 June 1904 by Sala-
mon Bricefio Gabaldon). Tate. 1933:65. 66 part.
VENEZUELA: Merida (Merida region; Cafetal de
Chama [= Hama]: Cafetal de Llano, not located;
Cafetal Fuente. not located: Cafetal de Merida;
Cafetal de Milla: Platanales de Ios Campos, not lo-
cated): Carabobo (San Esteban); COLOMBIA:
Boyacd (Miraflores): Cundinamarca (Santo Do-
mingo de Bogota): Meta (Villavicencio). Tate.
1947:65 VENEZUELA: Aragua (Rancho Grande.
1100 m). Gardner. 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa cinerea meridae: Perez-Hernandez. 1989:
365 VENEZUELA: Aragua (Estacion Biologica
de Rancho Grande. Parque Nacional "'Henry Pit-
tier": Rancho Grande: La Quinta. Rancho Grande:
Pica Periquito. El Portachuelo. Rancho Grande:
Don Ramon. Rancho Grande: Guamitas. Rancho
Grande); Amazonas (Pantoja. Carretera Maracay-
Ocumare: Guacamaya. Rancho Grande): Merida
(Hacienda San Pedro: Las Porqueros): Miranda
(Estacion Experimental de Rio Negro): Lara (La
Blanquita. Parque Nacional Yacambu).
M[armosa] c[inerea] pfrimeri Miranda Ribeiro. 1936:
360. 365. 366 BRAZIL: Goids (type locality. Pal-
ma: syntypes. male and female, skins and skulls.
MNRJ. presented by Dr. Rudolph Pfrimmer). Gard-
ner. 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa cinerea pfrimeri: Vieira. 1955:351 listed.
M[armosa] c[inerea] travassosi Miranda Ribeiro.
1936:360. 365. 366 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro
(type locality. Angra dos Reis: holotvpe. skin and
skull. MNRJ. presented by Dr. Lauro Travassos).
Gardner. 1993:20 listed. '
Holotype Female, skin and skull. BMNH
5.1 1.1.25; collected 29 June 1905 by S. B. Warren.
Type Locality Comaccka [= Takama], 80 mi
above mouth Demerara River. East Demerara-
West Coast Berbice. Guyana.
Distribution (Fig. 57) South America in Co-
lombia. Peru. Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname.
French Guiana. Brazil. Bolivia. Paraguay, and Mi-
siones. Argentina.
Comments Previously known as Marmosa ci-
nerea; cinerea preoccupied by D. cinerea Gold-
fuss, 1812.
98
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Micoureus demerarae
l... 500 1000 1500 km
1 ' go 5 80* ' 70 5 ' 60 s 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 57. Distribution of Micoureus demerarae: Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Suriname, Brazil, Peru, Bo-
livia, and Paraguay. = localities given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
99
Micoureus regina (Thomas, 1898)
Didelphys cinerea: Thomas (not Goldfuss, 1812),
1880:403 ECUADOR: Pastaza (Sarayacu). Thom-
as, 1882a:lll PERU: Amazonas (Chirimoto).
Didelphys [{Micoureus)] cinerea: Thomas (not Gold-
fuss, 1812), 1888b:342 part, PERU: (upper Ama-
zonas); ECUADOR: Pastaza (Sarayacu).
Marmosa regina Thomas 1898b:274. Tate, 1933:83
COLOMBIA: (type locality "West Cundinamarca
[Bogota region]"; holotype, male, skin and skull,
BMNH 98.5.15.4). Cuervo Diaz et al., 1986:473
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca (Bogota). Gardner,
1993:20 listed.
Philander regina: J. A. Allen, 191 1:246 VENE-
ZUELA: Aragua (San Esteban [now in Carabo-
bo\).
[Caluromys] regina: Matschie, 1916:269 classifica-
tion.
Micoureus regina: Pacheco et al., 1993:5 PERU:
Madre de Dios (Pakitza; Altamira; Hacienda Ama-
zonia; Itahuanfa; Cocha Cashu). Emmons, Ascorra,
and Romo, 1994 PERU: Madre de Dios (Refugio
Picoplancha; Explorer's Inn Reserve). Anderson,
1997:157 BOLIVIA: La Paz (Mamas, 13 km
SW; Apolo, 17 km N; Mapiri; Ticunhuaya; Guan-
ay; Guanay, 5 km SE; Alcoche, 4 km NW; Car-
anavi, 20 km NNE; Pitiguaya; Nequejahuira); San-
ta Cruz (Punta Rieles). Patton et al., 2000:68-75
BRAZIL: Acre (Sobral, left bank Rio Jurua; op-
posite Igarape Porongaba, left bank Rio Jurua; Igar-
ape Porongaba, right bank Rio Jurua; Nova Vida);
Amazonas (Seringal Condor, left bank Rio Jurua;
Boa Esperanca; Jainu; Barro Vermelho; Sacado;
Nova Empresa; opposite Altamira; Penedo, right
bank Rio Jurua); PERU; Amazonas (Huampami).
Marmosa rapposa Thomas, 1899c:42 PERU: Cusco
(type locality, Rio Vilcanota, 1500 m; holotype, fe-
male, skin and skull, BMNH 98.11.1.13; collected
December 1897 by Otto Garlepp). Thomas, 1920c:
247 PERU: Cusco (Rio Vilcanota). Tate, 1933:
77 PERU: Cusco (Rio Vilcanota); Puno (Santo
Domingo, Rio Inambari, 6000 ft [= 1875 m]); Ju-
nin (Utcuyacu; Rio Perene, 4800 ft [= 1500 m]).
Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
[Caluromys] rapposa: Matschie, 1916:269 listed.
Marmosa phaea Thomas, 1899c:44 COLOMBIA:
Narino (type locality, San Pablo; holotype, female,
skin and skull, BMNH 98.9.5.2, collected 29 March
1897 by Gustav Hopke). J. A. Allen, 1916a:201
part, COLOMBIA: Narino (Ricaurte); Huila (La
Candela). Lonnberg, 1921:69 ECUADOR: Pi-
chincha (Mindo, 5500 ft [= 1700 m]). Tate, 1933:
84 COLOMBIA: Narino (San Pablo; Ricaurte,
5000 ft [ = 1560 m]); Huila (La Candela, 6000 ft
[= 1875 m]); COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca ("Cha-
carcito, Itoco, near Bogota"); ECUADOR: Pichin-
cha (Ojo Negro, road from Nanegal to Anca; Na-
negal); Loja (Santa Ana; Guainche); El Oro (Pi-
fias); perplexa Anthony, a synonym. Gardner, 1993:
20 listed.
Marmosa germana Thomas, 1904a: 143. Thomas,
1 92 la:22 ECUADOR: Pastaza (type locality,
Sarayacu, Rib Bobonaza, 2500 ft [= 780 m]; ho-
lotype, female, skin and skull, BMNH 80.5.6.77,
collected by Clarence Buckley). Thomas, 1927a:
373 PERU: San Martin (Yurac Yacu; San Anto-
nio, Lamas, SE of Moyobamba). Thomas, 1927b:
606 PERU: Hudnuco (Chinchavito, 3000 ft [=
930 m]). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
[Caluromys] germana: Matschie, 1916:269 listed.
Marmosa germana germana: Tate, 1933:80 EC-
UADOR: Pastaza (Sarayacu, Rfo Bobonaza, Or-
iente; Canelos, Rio Bobonaza).
Marmosa waterhousei: Osgood (not Tomes, 1860),
1914b:150 PERU: San Martin (Moyobamba);
Loreto (Yurimaguas); synonyms, part, cinerea
Thomas, 1888; Marmosa germana Thomas, 1904,
from Sarayacu, Ecuador.
[Marmosa] waterhousei: Cabrera (part, not Tomes,
1860), 1919:39 germana incorrectly regarded as
a synonym.
Marmosa perplexa Anthony, 1922:3 ECUADOR:
Loja (type locality, Santa Ana trail from Zaruma to
Loja, 3650 ft [= 1 140 m]; holotype, female, skin
and skull, AMNH 47188, collected 21 December
1920 by H. E. Anthony). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa rutteri Thomas, 1924c:536 PERU: Loreto
(type locality, Tushemo near Masisea, Rio Ucayali,
1000 ft [= 300 m]; holotype, male, skin and skull,
BMNH 24.2.22.67, collected 10 September 1923
by L. Rutter). Thomas, 1928a:265 PERU: Loreto
(San Jeronimo, Rio Ucayali; Contamana, Rio Uca-
yali). Thomas, 1928b:294 PERU: Loreto (Pebas).
Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa germana rutteri: Tate, 1933:81 PERU:
Ucayali (near Masisea, Rio Ucayali); Loreto (San
Jeronimo, Rfo Ucayali; Contamana, Rio Ucayali;
Sarayacu, Rfo Ucayali; Yurimaguas, Rfo Huallaga;
Pebas, Rfo Maranon; Orosa, boca Rfo Napo; boca
Rfo Curaray; Lagarto Cocha [= Lagartococha], Rfo
Napo); ECUADOR: Napo (Rfo Suno, Rfo Napo;
San Jose Nuevo, Rfo Napo). Sanborn, 1949:277
PERU: Loreto (Yarinacocha [now in Ucayali], Rfo
Ucayali). Baker, 1974:135 ECUADOR: Napo
(Santa Cecilia; Limoncocha).
Marmosa mapiriensis Tate, 1931:3 BOLIVIA: La
Paz (type locality, Ticunhuaya, on road from Sorata
to Guanay, Rfo Tipuani, 4800 ft [= 1500 m]; ho-
lotype, male, skin and skull, AMNH 72555, col-
lected 23 April 1926 by G.H.H. Tate). Tate, 1933:
76 BOLIVIA: La Paz (Ticunhuaya, Rfo Tipuani;
Nequejahuira, Rfo Unduavi, 8000 ft [= 2500 m];
Mapiri, Rfo Mapiri, 2000 ft [= 625 m]; Guanay,
Rfo Mapiri, 1700 ft [= 530 m]); PERU: Puno (San-
to Domingo, Rfo Inambari; Rfo Tavara, Rfo In-
ambari). Sanborn, 1951b:2 PERU: Cusco (Haci-
enda Cadena). Gardner, 1993:20 listed.
Marmosa germana parda Tate, 1931:4 PERU:
Hudnuco (type locality, Huachipa, mouth Rfo Ca-
yumba, upper Rfo Huallaga, 3000 ft [= 930 m];
Chinchavito, Rfo Huallaga; holotype, male, skin
and skull, FMNH 24140, collected 28 September
1922 by J. T. Zimmer). Tate, 1933:82 PERU: San
Martin (San Antonio, Lamas, Rfo Mayo [upper];
Yurac Yacu, Rfo Mayo [upper]; Moyobamba, Rfo
Mayo [upper]); Hudnuco (Huachipa, Rfo Huallaga
[upper]; Rfo Cayumba [upper], Rfo Huallaga [up-
per], 3000 ft [= 930 m]; Rfo Chinchao [upper], Rfo
Huallaga [upper]; Chinchavito, Rfo Huallaga; Po-
zuzo [now in Pasco], Rfo Pachitea [upper]); Junin
(Rio Perene [Tschudi coll.] [upper]). Gardner,
1993:20 listed.
100
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 58. Distribution of Micoureus regina: Colombia and northwestern Venezuela south to Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia,
and Brazil. = localities given in published records.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH
98.5.15.4; collected 1 November 1895 by G. D.
Child.
Type Locality Bogota region, Cundinamar-
ca, Colombia.
Distribution (Fig. 58) Colombia from the
Bogota and Rio Magdalena region north into
northwestern Venezuela; south through Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia, and western Brazil.
Genus Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 [1829]
Sarigua Muirhead, 1819:429 part, 5. brachyura list-
ed among included species.
Monodelphis Burnett, 1830:351 included species,
dorsigerens [sic] [ = Marmosa dorsiguera Linnae-
us], brachyura. Gardner, 1993:21 listed.
Peramys Lesson, 1 842: 1 87 included species: brack-
yurus (= brachyuros Schreber [type species by
subsequent designation], crassicaudata Desmarest
[= Lutreolina crassicaudata], tristriata Illiger, pus-
ilia Desmarest [= Thylamys pusilla]). Thomas,
1888b:354 subgenus of Didelphys [sic] Linnaeus;
type species designation, "D. brevicaudata" [= D.
brachyuros Schreber]. Matschie, 1916:269 sub-
genus of Didelphis Linnaeus; invalid designation of
crassicaudata Desmarest as type species, earlier
fixation overlooked. Cabrera, 1919:41 type, D.
brachyuros Schreber [= D. brevicaudata Erxle-
ben].
Hemiurus Gervais, 1855:101 name attributed to I.
Geoffroy; included species: tristriata, tricolor,
brachyura, hunteri [Gervais, not Waterhouse = do-
mestica Wagner]; generic name preoccupied by
Hemiurus Rudolphi, 1809, a genus of fluke (Trem-
atoda). Thomas, 1888b:354 synonym of subgenus
Peramys; selected type species, "D. brevicaudata"
[= brachyura]. Matschie, 1916:261 selected type
species, hunteri Gervais [ = Monodelphis domesti-
ca Wagner].
Microdelphys Burmeister, 1856:83 included species,
tristriata, tricolor, brachyura velutina (a Marmo-
sa). Thomas, 1888b:354 synonym of subgenus
Peramys; selected type species, "D. americana"
[ D. tristriata].
Microdidelphys Trouessart, 1898:1242 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Microdelphys Burmeister in
synonymy of Peramys.
Microdelphis Cabrera, 1958:6 incorrect subsequent
spelling of Microdelphys Burmeister.
Monodelphiops Matschie, 1916:261, 267, 272 type
species, M. sorex Hensel, by original designation.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
101
Minuania Cabrera, 1919:43 type species, Didelphis
dimidiata Wagner, by original designation.
Type Species Monodelphis brachyura Burnett
[= Didelphis brachyuros Schreber = Didelphis
brevicaudata Erxleben], by subsequent selection
(Matschie, 1916:271).
Distribution (Fig. 59) Panama south to cen-
tral Argentina.
Monodelphis adusta (Thomas, 1897)
Didelphis brachxura: Roulin (not Schreber), 1843:
23 COLOMBIA.
Peramys adustus Thomas, 1897:219 description.
[Monodelphis] adustus: Matschie, 1916:271 listed.
Monodelphis adusta: Tammitt and Valdivieso, 1964:
325 COLOMBIA: Meta (Villavicencio). Han-
dley, 1966:755 PANAMA: Darien (Tacarcuna:
Cana). Cuervo Diaz et al., 1986:473 COLOM-
BIA: Choco (Serrania del Darien). Pacheco et al..
1993:1 PERU: Cusco (km 152, above San Pedro.
72 km NE Paucartambo); Madre de Dios (Haci-
enda Amazonia). Gardner, 1993:21 listed. Rageot
and Albuja, 1994:177 ECUADOR: Pastaza
(Mera). Perez-Hernandez, 1989:370 VENEZUE-
LA: Tdchira (Pregonero). Perez-Hernandez et al.,
1994:28 VENEZUELA: Merida (Cordillera de
Merida, south of Lago do Maracaibo). Anderson.
1997:158 BOLIVIA: La Paz (La Reserva).
Peramys melanops Goldman, 1912:2 PANAMA:
Darien (type locality, Santa Cruz de Cana, upper
Rio Tuyra; holotype. male, skin and skull, USNM
179609, collected 23 May 1912 by E. A. Gold-
man). Gardner, 1993:21 listed.
[Monodelphis] melanops: Matschie. 1916:271 clas-
sification.
Peramys peruvianas Osgood, 1913b:93 PERU: San
Martin (type locality, Moyobamba; holotype, male
skin and skull, FMNH 19362. collected 21 July
1912 by W. H. Osgood and M. P. Anderson). Os-
good, 1914b: 147 PERU: San Martin (Moyo-
bamba). Thomas, 1920c:248 PERU: Cusco (Oco-
bamba Valley). Gardner, 1993:21 listed.
Monodelphis peruvianus: Matschie. 1916:271 list-
ed.
Monodelphis peruviana peruviana: Ceballos. 1958:
48 incorrect subsequent spelling PERU: Loreto
(Pucallpa [now in Ucayali]).
Monodelphis adusta peruviana: Cabrera. 1958:6 in-
correct subsequent spelling Ceballos. 1959:265
PERU: Loreto (Pucallpa [now in Ucayali]).
Monodelphis kunsi: Anderson, 1997 BOLIVIA: La
Paz (La Reserva).
Holotype Skin and skull, BMNH 97.7.2.1.
Type Locality "W. Cundinamarca, in the
low-lying hot regions," Colombia.
Distribution (Fig. 60) Panama south through
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; northwest-
ern Venezuela.
Monodelphis americana (Miiller, 1776)
Mus araneus, figura muris Marcgrave, 1648:229.
Musaraigne de Bresil Buffon. 1767:160.
Sorex americanus Miiller. 1776:36 Gardner, 1993:
21 listed.
Peramys americanus: Ihering, 1894:12 BRAZIL:
iheringi Thomas, probably a synonym. Thomas,
19 12a:89 BRAZIL: Para (Benavides, near Para).
Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:414 BRAZIL: Para.
Monodelphis (Microdelphys) americanus: Pohle,
1927:240 BRAZIL: Pernambuco (Dois Herma-
nos [= Dois Irmaos]).
Didelphys americana: Thomas, 1888b:363 BRA-
ZIL: synonyms, brasiliensis Erxleben. tristriatus II-
liger, trilineata Lund.
[Microdelphys] americana: Matschie, 1916:272
tristriata Illiger a synonym.
Monodelphis americana: Davis, 1945b:280 BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Davis. 1947:3
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Vieira,
1949:358-359 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Bauru; Uba-
tuba: Piracicaba): Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Grande); Mi-
nas Gerais (Mariana). Avila Pires. 1968:167
BRAZIL: Goids (Veadeiros). da Fonseca and Ki-
erulff, 1988:117 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Fazen-
da Montes Claros). Langguth and Lima, 1988:1
BRAZIL: Paraiba (Joao Pessoa). Mares and
Ernest. 1995:755 BRAZIL: Distrito Federal (Re-
serva Ecologica Biologica do Instituto de Geografia
e Estatistica [IGBE]).
[Sorex] brasiliensis Erxleben, 1777:127 name based
primarily on the Mus araneus of Marcgrave; type
locality. Brazil. Gardner. 1993:21 listed.
Sorex brasiliensis: Schreber. 1777:577.
Sorex Brasiliensis: E. Geoffroy, 1811:172, footnote
1 Didelphis tricolor E. Geoffroy regarded as a
synonym.
Sorex braziliensis: Thomas, 1888b:363 incorrect
subsequent spelling.
[Didelphys] tristriata Illiger. 1815:107. 112 BRA-
ZIL: Pernambuco (type locality [now restricted]);
name based on the 'Sorex brasiliensis" of Marc-
grave. Gardner. 1993:21 listed.
D[idelphys]. tristriata: Olfers, 1818:206 BRAZIL:
Para; Maranhdo; Pernambuco.
Didelphys tristriata: Lichtenstein, 1817:217 Mus
araneus of Marcgrave. Pelzeln. 1883: 116 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo (Ipanema).
Didelphis tristriata: Kuhl. 1820:63 BRAZIL; spec-
imen in Berlin Museum; Sorex surinamensis E.
Geoffroy a possible synonym.
Microdelphys tristriata: Burmeister, 1856:84 BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Novo Friburgo).
[Cuica] tristriata: Liais, 1872:330 classification.
Peramys tristriatus: Lesson, 1842:187. Goeldi, 1894:
463 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Serra dos Orgaos).
Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904:100 BRAZIL: Para
(vicinity of Para [= Belem]).
Hemiurus tristriatus: Winge, 1893:8, 58 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
H[emiurus] tristriatus: Miranda Ribeiro, 1905:189
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Monte Serrat. Itatiaya [=
Pico das Agulhas Negras]).
Didelphis trilineata Lund. 1839:233 nomen nudum;
102
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Monodelphis
/
\ /
C i o" 80 ' 70 "' 60~ 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 59. Distribution of the genus Monodelphis: southern Panama in Central America and throughout South
America east of the Andes. = localities given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
103
Monodelphis adusta
1500 km
30
Fig. 60. Distribution of Monodelphis adusta in Central and South America: Panama south through Colombia,
Ecuador, and Peru and in northwestern Venezuela. = localities given in published records.
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Rio das Velhas). Gardner.
1993:21 listed.
Holotype Not known to be in existence:
name based on ^brasilianische Spitzmause, i.e..
the musaraigne de Bresil of Buffon and the mus
araneus of Marcgrave."
Type Locality Brazil; restricted to Pernam-
buco (cf. Thomas, 191 lb: 123), the general locale
of Marcgrave 's animals.
Distribution (Fig. 61) Eastern Brazil from
Para in the north to Santa Catarina in the south.
Monodelphis brevicaudata (Erxleben, 1777)
Muris silvestris americani femina Seba. 1734:50.
[?]Die surinamische Spitzmaus Schreber, 1777:575
SURINAME.
Touan Buffon. 1789:252 FRENCH GUIANA:
(Cayenne).
[Didelphis] brevicaudata: Erxleben, 1777:80. Gard-
ner. 1993:21 listed.
Didelphys brevicaudata: Thomas, 1888b:356 BRA-
ZIL: Bahia; synonyms, brachyura Schreber, suri-
namensis Gmelin. touan Shaw, touan Bechstein,
tricolor E. Geoffroy. brevicaudis Illiger [?], sebae
Gray, humeri Waterhouse. BRAZIL: Bahia. Thom-
as. 1892:314 type of Seba's Muris silvestris
americani femina in the Lidth de Jeude Collection
in the British Museum.
Monodelphis brevicaudata, Tate. 1923:65 VENE-
ZUELA: Bolivar (Rio Supamo: El Manaco; Ica-
baru): Amazonas (Puerto Ayacucho. Acanana; Es-
meralda: Tamatama; Capibara: Boca Mavaca).
Husson. 1978:12 SURINAME: Brokopondo
(Brokopondo: Brownsberg): Paramaribo (De Mor-
genstond: Paramaribo: Cultuurtuin); Commewijne
("Clevia"): Saramacca ("Jarikaba"); Marowijne
(Langamankondre). Patterson. 1992:6 BRAZIL:
Para (Cameta: Marai). Pacheco et al.. 1993:1
PERU: Madre de Dios (Pakitza). Anderson, 1997:
158 BOLIVIA: La Paz (Guanay: Guanay, 5 km
SE; Alcoche. 4 km NW); Pando (Centro Dieci-
ocho: Independencia: Santa Rosa). Voss et al.,
2001:54 GUYANA: Pomeroon-Supenaam (Su-
penaam River): Cuyuni-Mazaruni (First Falls on
Cuyuni River: Kartabo: Bartica Grove: Kamakusa);
Essequibo Islands-West Demerara (Buck Hall):
Potaro-Siparuni (Anundabaru: Minnehaha Creek:
Potaro) Upper Demerara-Berbice (Dubulay
Ranch): FRENCH GUIANA (Arataye: Cacao;
Cayenne: St. Eugene; Paracou: Sophie; Tamanoir:
104
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
c=>
Monodelphis americana
500 1000 1500 km
90
80
70
60
50"
40"
30
20
10
Fig. 61. Distribution of Monodelphis americana: eastern Brazil from Para south to Santa Catarina. = localities
given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
105
Trois Sauts); SURINAME: Brokopondo (Browns-
berg: Finisanti); Marowijne (Albina. 3 km SW;
Langamankondre; Moengo. 10 km N and 4 km W);
Sipaliwini (Oelemarie: Paloemeu Airstrip: Raleigh
Falls): Nickerie (Avanavero: Kayserberg Airstrip:
King Frederick Williams Falls); Saramacca (La
Poule: Jarikaba near Uitkijk): Paramaribo (Cul-
tuurtuin. near Paramaribo: Plantage De Morgen-
stond near Paramaribo); Commewijne (Plantation
Clevia near Paramaribo): VENEZUELA: Bolivar
(El Dorado, 65 km SSE: El Manteco. 56 km SE:
Reserva Forestal Imataca, not located; Arabupu:
Auyan-tepuf: Caicara: Ciudad Bolivar); Amazonas
(Boca Rio Ocamo: Esmeralda: Mt. [= Cerro] Dui-
da; "Rio Casiquiari": Sierra [= Cerro de La] de
Neblina): BRAZIL: Amapd (Serra do Navio: Serra
do Tumucumaque); Amazonas (Manaus, 80 km N;
Santo Antonio da Amatary); Para (Cachoeira Por-
teira; Faro): type locality emended to Guyana. Kar-
tabo. Cuyuni-Mazaruni.
Pramys brevicaudatus: Cabrera. 1958:8 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Peramys in synonymy of
Monodelphis brevicaudata.
[Peramvs brevicaudatus] brevicaudatus: Cabrera.
1919:42 part, listed.
Monodelphis brevicaudata brevicaudata: Anthony.
1921b:268 GUYANA: Cuyuni-Mazaruni (Karta-
bo). Tate. 1939:166 GUYANA: SURINAME:
(type locality). Vieira. 1955:348 BRAZIL: Ron-
donia (Rio Mamore. not located). Carvalho. 1962:
284 BRAZIL: Amapd (lower Rio Araguari: Rio
Amapari. Macapa: Igarape Rio Branco. upper Rio
Maraca. Mazagao). Cabrera. 1958:7 glirina in
synonymy only.
[Monodelphis brevicaudata] brevicaudata: Avila Pi-
res. 1964:10 (in text) BRAZIL: Para (Castanhal.
Rio Jamunda [= Nhamunda. not located]): Rorai-
ma (Tapajos. not located).
Monodelphis [brevicaudata] brevicaudata: Carvalho.
1960:123 BRAZIL: Amapd (Rio Araguari: Rio
Amapari).
Monodelphis b. brevicaudata: Perez-Hernandez.
1989:370 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (San Martin de
Turumban. Anacoco. Rio Cuyuni; km 88. Carretera
El Dorado-Santa Elena: La Laja. Campamento
MOP km 109. S of El Dorado. Carretera El Do-
rado-Santa Eleana de Uairen: km 124-134. Car-
retera El Dorado-Santa Elena): Amazonas (Acan-
ana, Rio Cunucunuma: Tamatama: San Carlos de
Rio Negro; Rio Negro. Cano Ardabo).
P[eramys] brevicaudatus: Thomas. 1899a: 155 tax-
onomic comparison.
[Monodelphis] brevicaudatus: Matschie. 1916:271
classification. Type locality designated.
[Peramys brevicaudatus] brevicaudatus: Cabrera
part (not Erxleben. 1777). 1919:42 glirina in syn-
onymy only.
[Didelphis] Brevicauda Boddaert. 1784:77 (name ap-
parently proposed independently of brevicaudata
Exleben) name based on the muris silvestris
americani femina of Seba.
Monodelphis brevicauda: Sanderson. 1949:788 SU-
RINAME: Para (Zanderij).
Didelphys brachyuros Schreber. 1777:548. 589
South America: (type locality): name based pri-
marily on the muris silvestris americani femina of
Seba. Gardner. 1993:21 listed.
[Didelphis] brachyura: Gmelin. 1788:108. Wagner.
1 855:25 1 synonymy.
Didelphis Brachyura: Shaw. 1800:479 synonymy.
Didelphis bachyura: E. Geoffroy. 1803:145 char-
acters. Demarest. 1816:429. 430 characters and
synonomy. Desmarest. 1820:260 characters. Des-
marest. 1827:398 characters.
Did[elphys] brachyura [sic]: Cuvier. 1798:125 the
touan of the Guianas.
D[idelphys] brachyura: Olfers. 1818:205 touan
Shaw, a synonym.
Didelphys brachyura: Gervais. 1855:101 included
in genus Hemiurus.
Monodelphis Brachyura: Burnett. 1830:351.
Sarigua brachyura: Muirhead. 1830:420 listed.
Didelphys tricolor vel brachyura: Gray. 1827:33
part. FRENCH GUIANA: (Cayenne).
P[hilander] Brachyurus: Tiedemann. 1808:428 clas-
sification.
Peramys brachyurus: Lesson. 1842:187 classifica-
tion.
Paramys brachyurus: Cabrera. 1958:7 incorrect
subsequent spelling of Peramys in synonymy of
Monodelphis brevicaudata brevicaudata.
Sorex surinamensis Zimmerman. 1780:386. Gardner.
1993:21 listed.
[Sorex] surinamensis: Gmelin. 1788:114 SURI-
NAME.
Viverra Touan: Shaw. 1800:432 name based on
Buffon's touan. from Cayenne. Gardner. 1993:21
listed. Voss et al.. 2001:58 neotype designed:
adult male FMNH 21720 (FRENCH GUIANA:
Cayenne).
Mustela touan. Bechstein. 1800:358. 687 name
based on Buffon's touan.
Mustela Tuan: Bechstein. 1800:359. Gardner. 1993:
21 listed.
[Monodelphis] touan: Matschie. 1916:271 classifi-
cation.
Monodelphis touan touan: Cabrera, 1958:10 classi-
fication.
Monodelphis brevicaudata touan: Avila Pires. 1964:
8, 9 BRAZIL: Amazonas (Manaus; Itacoatiara;
Porto de Moz [now in Para]: Santo Antonio do
Amaterei [= Amateri]): GUYANA: Cuyuni-Maza-
runi (Kartabo): Potaro-Siparuni (Anundabaru [An-
andabaru]; Minnehaha Creek): SURINAME;
FRENCH GUIANA: (Cayenne: Tamanoir): VE-
NEZUELA.
Didelphis tricolor E. Geoffroy. 1803:144 holotype
from Cayenne, in Paris Museum, specimen number
uncertain: cf. Julien Laferriere. 1994. Desmarest,
1820:260 FRENCH GUIANA. Desmarest. 1827:
397 FRENCH GUIANA: (Cayenne). Jentink.
1887b:302 FRENCH GUIANA: (Cayenne):
GUYANA: Demerara [= Georeetown. Demerara-
Mahaica]. Jentink. 1888:222 FRENCH GUI-
ANA; GUYANA: Demerara [= Georgetown. De-
merara-Mahaica]. Gardner, 1993:21 listed.
Didelphys tricolor: Waterhouse, 1841:109 charac-
ters.
[Peramys] tricolor: Lesson. 1842:186 classification.
Microdelphys tricolor: Burmeister. 1856:85 charac-
ters.
106
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Cuica tricolor: Liais, 1872:330 classification.
D[idelphys] sebae Gray, 1827:190.
[Didelphys] hunteri Waterhouse, 1841:110 (type lo-
cality unknown; holotype, female, in alcohol, orig-
inally in Museum of College of Surgeons, BMNH
89.1.31.1). Gardner, 1993:21 listed.
Didelphys Hunteri: Waterhouse, 1846:524.
D[idelphis] macroura: Schinz, 1844:509 name er-
roneously attributed to Pallas, 1780, in synonymy
of D. tricolor E. Geoffroy, 1803.
Peramys brevicaudatus orinoci Thomas, 1 899a: 1 54
VENEZUELA: Bolivar (type locality, Caicara, Rio
Orinoco; holotype, male, skin and skull, BMNH
98.12.1.22, collected 10 August 1898 by George
K. and Stella M. Cherrie). Gardner, 1993:21 list-
ed.
Monodelphis brevicaudata orinoci: Tate, 1939:166
VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Mt. Auyantepui [= Cerro
Auyan-tepuf]); Amazonas (Cerro Duida; Rib Oca-
mo; Casiquiare [= Brazo Casiquiare]); GUYANA;
dorsalis J. A. Allen, a synonym, BRAZIL: Rorai-
ma (Limao, right bank Rio Cotinga). Anduze,
1956:10 (not Thomas); VENEZUELA: Miranda
(La Florida [now in Distrito Federal]). Reig and
Bianchi, 1969:210 VENEZUELA: Aragua (Ran-
cho Grande).
[Monodelphis] orinoci: Matschie, 1916:271 classi-
fication.
Monodelphis orinoci: Reig et al., 1977:212 VENE-
ZUELA: Guarico (Estacion Biologica los Llanos).
Perez-Hernandez, 1989:371 VENEZUELA: Ara-
gua (Hacienda La Esperanza, 8 km de Magdaleno,
Lago de Valencia); Bolivar (Campamento, Zona de
la Represa del Guri, Rio Caroni); Cojides (Hato
Nuevo); Guarico (Cuartal Zaraza-San Juan de los
Morros; San Juan de los Morros, 50 km from; Hato
La Palmita, San Francisco de Tiznados; Hacienda
"La Palmita," between Ortez and San Francisco de
Tiznados; Estacion Biologica de los Llanos, Cala-
bozo; Morichal Villasmil, Calabozo).
Peramys brevicaudatus dorsalis J. A. Allen, 1904b:
327 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (type locality,
Ciudad Bolivar; holotype, male, skin and skull,
AMNH 16126, collected 19 December 1899 By S.
M. Klages). J. A. Allen, 1904d:337 VENEZUE-
LA: Bolivar (Ciudad Bolivar; Suapure). Gardner,
1993:21 listed.
Paramys brevicaudatus dorsalis: Cabrera, 1958:8
incorrect subsequent spelling of Peramys.
Monodelphis [sp.]: Tate, 1931:248 GUYANA: (An-
undabaru [= Anandabaru, now in Potaro-Siparu-
ni]).
Holotype Name based on the muris silvesths
americani femina of Seba, preserved in spirits
with extracted skull in the Lidth de Jeude Collec-
tion, BMNH 67.4.12.540.
Type Locality Forests of South America; re-
stricted to Suriname by Matschie (1916:271);
emended to GUYANA: Cuyuni-Mazaruni (Kar-
tabo) by Voss et al., 2001:57, who explain that
the pelage color of the holotype is incompatible
with an origin in Suriname.
Distribution (Fig. 62) Venezuela, Suriname,
Guyana, French Guiana, south to Peru, Bolivia,
the Amazon basin of Brazil, and Minas Gerais in
southeastern Brazil.
Monodelphis brevicaudis Olfers, 1818
Micoure cinquieme ou micoure a queue courte Azara,
1801:295.
Col icorto Azara, 1802:258.
[Didelphys] brevicaudis Illiger, 1815:107 nomen
nudum.
D[idelphys] brevicaudis: Olfers, 1818:205 based on
"Micoure a queue Az.I p. 298."
S[arigua] brachyura: Muirhead, 1819:429 new
combination.
Monodelphis brevicaudis: Hershkovitz, 1959:338
wagneri Matschie, a synonym. Wetzel and Lovett,
1974:206 PARAGUAY: Presidente Hayes (Fortin
Juan de Zalazar).
[Monodelphis] wagneri Matschie, 1916:272 new
name for D. brachyura wagneri (Azara's micoure
a queue courte).
Didelphis brachyura: Desmarest (part, not Schreber,
Mil), 1816:429 micoure cinquieme ou micoure
a queue courte Azara in synonymy.
D[idelphis] Tricolor vel brachyura: Gray (part, not E.
Geoffroy, 1803 and Schreber, 1777), 1827:33
PARAGUAY: "Azara, during his stay at Paris, rec-
ognized in the individuals of this species which
form part of the collection of the Museum of Nat-
ural History, his own fifth micoure."
Didelphis tricolor: Desmarest (part, not E. Geoffroy,
1803), 1820:260 Azara's micoure a queue courte
in synonymy. Desmarest, 1827:397 Azara's mi-
coure a queue courte in synonymy.
Peramys brevicaudatus: Bertoni (not Erxleben, 1777),
1914:69 PARAGUAY: Alto Parana (Piraqui, not
located). Bertoni, 1939:6 PARAGUAY.
Peramys brevicaudata: Dennler (not Erxleben, 1777),
1939:232.
Type Azara's description of the micoure a
queue courte is based in two specimens from Par-
aguay; neither of these specimens is known to
have been preserved
Type Locality "Paraguay" as then defined.
Distribution (Fig. 63) Paraguay: exact distri-
bution unknown.
Remarks Hershkovitz (pers. comm.) treated
brevicaudis as a distinct species. This is contro-
versial, and future researchers may find it neces-
sary to reassign this species name.
Monodelphis dimidiata (Wagner, 1847)
D[idelphis] dimidiata Wagner, 1847:151, third foot-
note. Thomas, 1888b:355 BRAZIL: Rio Grande
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
107
20 10
Fig. 62. Distribution of Monodelphis brevicaudata: Venezuela east through the Guianas and Suriname. south
through Brazil, southern Peru, and western Bolivia. = localities given in published records.
108
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20
30
40
50
Monodelphis brevicaudis
1500 km
90 80 70" 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 63. Distribution of Monodelphis brevicaudis: Paraguay. = localities given in published records.
do Sul (Taquara; Sao Lourenco do Sul); URU-
GUAY: Maldonado (Maldonado). Gardner, 1993:
21 listed.
[Monodelphis] dimidiata: Matschie, 1916:272 clas-
sification.
Monodelphis dimidiata: Sanborn, 1929:150 URU-
GUAY: Montevideo (Montevideo). Talace et al.,
1960:149 URUGUAY: Cane tones (40 km N of
Canelones). Fornes and Massoia, 1965:102 AR-
GENTINA: Buenos Aires (Miramar). Avila Pires,
1968:163 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Campo Bel-
lo). Reig and Bianchi, 1969:1210 ARGENTINA:
Buenos Aires (Arroyo Brusquitas, General Pueyr-
reddn). Reig et al., 1977:212 ARGENTINA:
Buenos Aires (Arroyo Brusquitas). Avila Pires and
Gouvea, 1977:8 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Cam-
po Bello; Monte Serrat; Maromba; Maromba-
Maua). Pine et al., 1985:196 ARGENTINA: Cor-
doba (Rib Ceballos); Buenos Aires (Balcarce; Bal-
carce, 15 km NW; Estacion Experimental del In-
stituto Nacional de Technologica Agropecuaria
[INTA]; INTA Areas [ditches on Ruta 226, en-
trance gate to INTA; "Hill Plot"; Crovetto Field,
6 km N of Balcarce; Pergamino; Ruta 188, Curva
de Pena]); URUGUAY: Maldonado (Maldonado).
Mares et al., 1997:105 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn
(Concepcion). Morando and Polop, 1997:131
ARGENTINA: Cordoba. Mares and Braun, 2000:
35 ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires (Arroyo Brus-
quitas; Arroyo Chocori; Arroyo del Pescado; Baliza
Caniu; Baliza San Andres; Miramar; Estacion Ex-
perimental del Instituto de Tecnologfa Agropecu-
aria [INTA], 15 km NW Balcarce; INTA areas,
Ruta 226, between km 65 and 75; Ruta 226; "Hill
Plot"; "Crovetto Field"; Estacion Tambo Nuevo y
Ruta 188, km 60, Partido de Pergamino; Pergami-
no; Ruta 188, Curva de Pena; Santa Clara del Mar;
Sierra de La Peregrina); Cordoba (Rio Ceballos;
Yacanto); La Pampa (Caleufu); Misiones (Arroyo
Zaiman; El Cruce, not located); Salta (Tartagal);
Buenos Aires (La Tinta; Sierra de La Tinta).
[Minuania] dimidiata: Cabrera, 1919:44 classifica-
tion.
Minuania dimidiata: Devincenzi, 1935:91 URU-
GUAY.
M\inuania\ dimidiata: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:419
BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara do Mundo
Novo [= Taquara]; Sao Lourenco do Sul).
Peramys dimidiatus: Ihering, 1892:100 BRAZIL:
Rio Grande do Sul. Thomas, 1900:349 BRAZIL:
Parana (Palmeira). Bertoni, 1939:6 PARA-
GUAY: Alto Parana (Puerto Bertoni); not the col-
icorto of Azara. Lyne, 1959:84 BRAZIL: Parana
(Palmeira).
Didelphys brachyura: Waterhouse (not Schreber,
1777), 1838:64. Waterhouse, 1839:97 URU-
GUAY: Maldonado (Maldonado). Waterhouse,
1841:111 URUGUAY: Maldonado (Maldonado).
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
109
20
30
40
50
Monodelphis dimidiata
--. 500 1000 1500 km
90
80 r
70 r
60
5C ;
40='
30'"
20*
10
:
Fig. 64. Distribution of Monodelphis dimidiata: southeastern Brazil. Uruguay, and northern and central Argentina.
= localities given in published records.
Waterhouse, 1 846:522 part, URUGUAY: Mal-
donado (Maldonado). Burmeister, 1854:141
BRAZIL. Burmeister. 1856:86 part. URUGUAY.
Burmeister, 1879:194 part, URUGUAY.
D[idelph\s] brachyura: Wagner (not Schreber, 1777),
1855:251 part", URUGUAY.
Microdelphxs brachyura: Burmeister. 1856:86. Hen-
sel, 1873:122 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sid.
Didelphxs brevicaudata: Figueira (not Schreber).
1894:7 (separate) part, URUGUAY.
Monodelphis fosteri Thomas. 1924b:586 ARGEN-
TINA: La Pampa (type locality, Caleufu. station on
Western Railway: holotype. immature female, skin
and skull. BMNH 24.4.5.1, collected 10 April 1923
and presented by Frank Foster). Pine et al.. 1985:
206 ARGENTINA: La Pampa (Caleufu): URU-
GUAY: Montevideo (Colon). Gardner, 1993:21
listed.
Minuania fosteri: Cabrera and Yepes, 1940:34.
Monodelphis (Minuania) fosteri: Crespo. 1964:62.
124 ARGENTINA: Cordoba (Yacanto), Buenos
Aires (Abra de la Ventana, Sierra de la Ventana:
Tornquist, 550 m); Salta (Tartagal).
Minuania dimidiata itatiayae. Cabrera, 1958:11 cit-
ed in synonymy of Monodelphis dimidiata Wagner.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH; col-
lected by Charles Darwin.
Type Locality Maldonado, Uruguay.
Distribution (Fig. 64) Uruguay, Paraguay,
southeastern Brazil, and the northern half of Ar-
gentina.
Monodelphis domestica (Wagner, 1842)
Didelphxs domestica Wagner. 1842:359. Wagner.
1848:153 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Cuyaba [Cu-
iaba]). Thomas. 1888b:358 BRAZIL: Mato Gros-
so (Cuyaba [Cuiaba]. cotype): Goids. Vieira. 1955:
348 BRAZIL: Bahia (Machada Portela: Feira de
Santana): Goids (Cana Brava; Rio Sao Domingos);
Mato Grosso do Sul (Miranda): Minus Gerais (Bar-
ro Alto Rio Sao Francisco, not located). Gardner,
1993:21 listed.
Microdelphxs domestica: Burmeister. 1856:117
BRAZIL.
Monodelphis domestica: Pine. 1979:497 BOLIVIA:
Beni (San Joaquin: La Granja. Itenez); Chuquisaca
(Tomima): Santa Cruz (San Ignacio de Velasco:
Basilio); BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Lava Pes. Facao
Road. Sao Luis de Caceres): Mato Grosso do Sul
(Sao Marcus Road. Corumba): Ceard (Quixada;
Santana do Cariri). Mares et al.. 1981:101 BRA-
ZIL: Piaui (Fazenda Olho da Agua); Ceard (Sftio
110
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Cereado, Jardim, Solonopole; Sftio Volta, Campo
Sales; Sftio Constantino, Crato; Sftio Olaria, Crato;
Sftio Araruna, Missao Velha; Sftio Cinta da Soli-
dade, Missaa Velha; Sftio Emboscada, Missao Vel-
ha; Sftio Lapinha, Missao Velha; Sftio Camara,
Milagres); Bahia (Fazenda Capoeira do Rosario,
Feira; Fazenda Cayumba, Feira; Fazenda Jacii, Fei-
ra; Fazenda Salgado, Feira; Fazenda Cacua, Serrin-
ha; Fazenda Oiteiro, Serrinha; Fazenda Umburana,
Serrinha); Pernambuco (Exu; Fazenda Pinheira,
Exu; Fazenda Batente, Exu; Escola Agricola de
Exu; Sftio Cana Brava de Jerico, Triunfo; Sftio Boa
Esperanca de Jerico, Triunfo; Sftio Paus Preto, Bo-
doco; Sftio Sao Goncalo, Bodoco; Sftio Belem, Bo-
doco; Sftio Macaco de Baixa Verde, Triunfo; Sftio
Sao Mateus, Triunfo; Sftio Novo, Triunfo; Sftio
Borgens, Triunfo; Sftio Corredor do Vento, Triunfo;
Fazenda Caianinha, Pesqueira; Fazenda Sororoca,
Pesqueira; Sftio Xique-Xique, Bodoco; Fazenda
Saco; Sftio Oiti, Triunfo; Sftio Riacho Fundo, Gar-
anhuns); Alagoas (Sftio Cachoeira Grande, Vicosa;
Sftio Lagoinha, Santana do Ipanema; Sftio Capu-
ma, Palmeira dos Indios; Sftio Dormiao, Palmeira
dos Indios; Sftio Riveira, Palmeira dos Indios; Sftio
Sabia, Palmeira dos Indios; Sftio Barracao, Limo-
eira da Anadia). Mares et al., 1989:18 BRAZIL:
Mato Grosso do Sul (Fazenda Nhumirim); Goids
(Cristalina). Anderson et al., 1993:16 BOLIVIA:
Santa Cruz (San Rafael de Amboro; Basilio). An-
derson, 1997:159 BOLIVIA: Beni (San Joaqufn;
La Granja); Chuquisaca (Rio Limon; Tihumayu,
Tomina province; Porvenir; Carandayti, E of); San-
ta Cruz (San Ignacio de Velasco; Rfo Quiser [=
Quizar]; Pailon, 8 km N and 1 km E; Pailon, 7 km
N of San Rafael de Amboro; hunting camp, 4 km
S and 13 km W of San Rafael de Amboro; Santa
Cruz, 27 km S; Chiquitos; Ingeniero Mora, 7 km
E and 3 km N; Basilio; Basilio, 3.4 km S; Santiago
de Chiquitos, 4 km N and 1 km W; Tita; Cerro
Colorado; Estancia Isibobo, 1 km S and 3 km W;
Camiri, near; Boyuibe, 53 km E; Cafeces, Monte
Grande; Santa Cruz de la Sierra, near); Tarija (Ca-
matindi; Estancia Bolivar). Mares and Braun, 2000:
35 ARGENTINA: Formosa (Reserva Natural
Formosa).
Monodelphis domestica domestica: Cabrera, 1958:
8 classification.
Hemiurus domesticus: Winge, 1893:8, 55 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Peramys domesticus: Thomas, 1910c:502 BRAZIL:
Ceard (Ipti; Serra de Ibiapaba [= Serra Ibiapaba]).
Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:405 BRAZIL: Mato Gros-
so (Cuyaba [= Cuiaba], holotype); Ceard (Ipii);
Goids (Veadeiro [= Veadeiros]). Moojen, 1943:2
BRAZIL: Paraiba (Lagoa do Monteiro); Pernam-
buco (Pocao); Ceard (Crato).
[Monodelphis] domesticus: Matschie, 1916:272. Poh-
le, 1927:240 BRAZIL: Pernambuco (Dois Ir-
maos); Paraiba (Penha).
Hemiurus concolor Gervais, 1855:101. Gardner,
1993:21 listed.
\Monodelphis] concolor: Matschie, 1916:271 clas-
sification.
Hemiurus Hunteri: Gervais (not Waterhouse, 1841),
1855:101 BRAZIL: Goids.
Holotype In the Vienna, Munich, and British
Museums; lectotype, adult female, skin and skull
in Vienna Museum, collected March 1824 by Jo-
hann Natterer.
Type Locality Cuyaba [= Cuiaba], Mato
Grosso, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 65) Brazil to eastern and
central Bolivia, and northern Argentina.
Monodelphis emiliae (Thomas, 1912)
Peramys emiliae Thomas, 19 12a: 89. Gardner, 1993:
21 listed.
[Monodelphis] emiliae: Matschie, 1916:271 classi-
fication.
Monodelphis emiliae: Thomas, 1920b:283 BRA-
ZIL: Para (Vila Braga [= Villa Braga], Rio Tapa-
j6z). Pine and Handley, 1984:240 PERU: Loreto
(Quebrada Aucayo); BRAZIL: Para (Cameta; For-
dlandia; km 217, Santarem-Cuiaba Highway; Vila
Braga [= Villa Braga]; Flexal; km 212, Transa-
mazonian Highway between Itaibuba and Jacarea-
Canga). Patterson, 1992:6 BRAZIL: Para (Lago
Tapayuna). Anderson, 1997:160 BOLIVIA: Pan-
do (Centra Dieciocho). Patton et al., 2000:77 BO-
LIVIA: Pando (Centra Dieciocho); BRAZIL: Acre
(Igarape Porongaba, right bank Rfo Jurua; Nova
Vida, right bank Rfo Jurua); Amazonas (Seringal
Condor, left bank Rfo Jurua; Penedo).
P[eramys] tricolor emiliae: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:
408 BRAZIL: Para (Villa Braga, Rio Tapajdz).
Monodelphis brevicauda emiliae: Carvalho, 1960:
122 BRAZIL: Para (Gradaus [= Gorotire], Rio
Fresco; Riosinho, Rio Fresco).
Monodelphis touan emiliae: Cabrera, 1958:9 clas-
sification.
Monodelphis brevicaudata: Thomas, 1920b:283
BRAZIL: Paid (Tapirinha, near Santarem).
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH
1 1.12.22.16; collected 13 September 191 1 by Em-
ilia Snethlage.
Type Locality Boim, lower Rio Tapajoz,
Para, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 66) The Amazon basin of
Brazil, Peru, and northern Bolivia.
Monodelphis glirina (Wagner, 1842)
Didelphys glirina Wagner, 1842:359 BRAZIL: Ron-
donia (type locality Cachoeira do Rfo Grande, Rfo
Mamore).
D[idelphys[ glirina: Wagner. 1855:253.
[Monodelphis] glirina: Matschie, 1916:271 classifi-
cation.
Monodelphis glirina: Voss et al., 2001:54 BRAZIL
(S of the Amazon and W of the Xingu.
Peramys brevicaudatus: Miranda Ribeiro (not Erxe-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
111
90 80 70 60 50" 40 30 20 10
Fig. 65. Distribution of Monodelphis domestica: eastern Brazil west to eastern Bolivia and northern Argentina.
= localities given in published records.
1 12
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20
^O*
V-
s^r
'
\ -v..
Monodelphis emiliae
"V--.
10'
10'
20
Fig. 66. Distribution of Monodelphis emiliae: the Amazon basin of Brazil west to northeastern Peru. = localities
given in published records.
leben), 1936:406 BRAZIL: Rondonia (Cachoeira
do Rio Grande, Rio Mamore).
[Peramys brevicaudatus] brevicaudatus: Cabrera,
1919:42 glirina in synonymy only.
Monodelphis brevicaudata brevicaudata: Cabrera
(part, not Erxeleben), 1958:7 glirina in synonymy
only.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, Vienna Mu-
seum, collected September 1829 by Johann Nat-
terer.
Type Locality Cachoeira do Rio Grande, Rio
Mamore, Rondonia, Brazil.
Distribution South of the Amazon and west
of the Xingii in Brazil (no distribution map; lo-
cality not located).
Monodelphis iheringi (Thomas, 1888)
Didelphvs (Peramys) Iheringi Thomas, 1888a: 159
BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (type locality, Ta-
quara; holotype, male, in alcohol, BMNH
82.9.30.43; presented by Hermann von Ihering).
Vieira, 1955:349 BRAZIL: Espirito Santo (Chav-
es). Avila Pires, 1987:123 BRAZIL: Rio Grande
do Sul (Taquara). Gardner, 1993:21 listed.
Didelphis iheringi: Thomas, 1888b:364 BRAZIL:
Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara).
Peramys Iheringi: Ihering, 1892:101 BRAZIL: Rio
Grande do Sul (Taquara do Mundo Novo [= Ta-
quara]).
Peramys iheringi: Shufeldt, 1926:563, 573, 574
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Serra da Cantareira).
[Microdelphys] iheringi: Matschie, 1916:272 clas-
sification.
Peramys iheringii: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:415 in-
correct subsequent spelling classification.
Monodelphis iheringii: Vieira. 1953:357 incorrect
subsequent spelling BRAZIL: Santa Catarina;
Sao Paulo; Espirito Santo. Pine, 1977:235 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo (Iguape); Santa Catarina (Joinvil-
le; Colonia Hansa [= Corupa]; Hamonia [= Ibira-
ma]; Ararangua). Mares and Braun, 2000:35 AR-
GENTINA: Misiones (Rib Victoria, not located;
Parque Nacional Iguazii).
Monodelphis americana iheringi: Cabrera, 1958:7.
Holotype Male, in alcohol, BMNH 82.9.30.43;
presented by Hermann von Ihering.
Type Locality Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 67) Southeastern Brazil
and Misiones in Argentina.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
113
20
20
^:
50
Monodelphis iheringi
-- 500 1000 1500 km
90
80
70
60
50
40
30-
20
10 ;
0=
Fig. 67. Distribution of Monodelphis iheringi: southeastern Brazil from state of Sao Paulo south to Rio Grande
do Sul and west to Misiones, Argentina. = localities given in published records.
Monodelphis kunsi Pine, 1975
Monodelphis kunsi Pine. 1975:321 BOLIVIA: Beni
("La Granja"); Tarija (Rio Lipeo). Mares et al..
1989:18 BRAZIL: Disthto Federal (Brasilia. 20
km S). Gardner. 1993:21 listed. Anderson. 1997:
160 BOLIVIA: Tarija (Tapecua; Rio Lipeo).
Holotype Adult male, skin, skull and skele-
ton, USNM 461348; collected July 1971 by Merle
L. Kuns.
Type Locality "La Granja."" Beni. Bolivia.
Distribution (Fig. 68) Known only from four
localities, three in Bolivia and one in Brazil.
Monodelphis maraxina Thomas, 1923
Monodelphis maraxina Thomas, 1923a: 157 BRA-
ZIL: Para (type locality. Caldeirao. Ilha de Marajo:
Soure. Ilha de Marajo). Pine. 1979:497 BRAZIL:
Para (Fazenda Tesa. Soure. Ilha de Marajo; Soure.
Ilha de Marajo). Gardner. 1993:21 listed.
Monodelphis domestica maraxina: Cabrera. 1958:8
classification.
Holotype Female, skin and skull, BMNH
28.8.9.9: collected 21 February 1923 by W. Ehr-
hardt.
Type Locality Caldeirao. Ilha de Marajo,
Para. Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 69) Known only from the
Ilha de Marajo. mouth of Amazon. Para. Brazil.
Monodelphis osgoodi Doutt, 1938
Peramys peruvianus: Thomas (not Osgood. 1913).
1920:248 PERU: Cusco (Tocopoqueu, Ocam-
bamba Valley).
Monodelphis peruvianus osgoodi Doutt. 1938:100.
Monodelphis adusta osgoodi: Cabrera. 1958:6 clas-
sification.
Monodelphis osgoodi: Gardner. 1993:21 listed. An-
derson. 1997:160 BOLIVIA: Cochabamba (Cho-
re; Tablas Monte. 4.4. km N: Incachaca).
Holotype Adult male. Carnegie Museum
5242, collected 12 September 1921 by Jose Stein-
bach.
114
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Monodelphis kunsi
" ></
Fig. 68. Distribution of Monodelphis kunsi: known only from four widely scattered localities in northern and
extreme southern Bolivia and Distrito Federal, Brazil. = localities given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
115
Monodelphis maraxina
80 70
Fig. 69. Distribution of Monodelphis maraxina: known only from Una de Marajo, Para, Brazil,
given in published records.
Type Locality Incachaca, Cochabamba, Bo-
livia, 2600 m.
Distribution (Fig. 70) Southeastern Peru and
central Bolivia.
Monodelphis palliolata (Osgood, 1914)
Peramys palliolatus Osgood, 1914a: 135 VENE-
ZUELA: Tdchira (type locality San Juan de Co-
lon). Gardner, 1993:21 listed.
Monodelphis palliolatus: Matschie, 1916:271 clas-
sification. Voss et al., 2001:54 COLOMBIA; VE-
NEZUELA.
Monodelphis (Monodelphis) palliotus: Anduze, 1 956:
10 VENEZUELA: Carabobo (San Esteban).
Monodelphis b. palliolata: Perez-Hernandez, 1989:
370 VENEZUELA: Distrito Federal (Los Cana-
les de Naiguata, Parque Nacional El Avila; Parque
Nacional "El Avila"; El Eden Parque Nacional "El
Avila"; Cerro El Avila; Corozal, Parque Nacional
El Avila; Hacienda El Limon; Carretera El Limon;
El Encantado, Hacienda El Limon; Suapo, Haci-
enda El Limon; La Conchita, Hacienda El Limon;
Zona Guacatal, Hacienda El Limon; Chichirivichi);
Barinas (Barinitas; Rib Barragan, Barinitas; Bar-
inita, 3 km SW); Carabobo (Bahio de Patenemo;
Valle Pascua, Patenemo; Los Campamentos, Pate-
nemo; Camino de los Espanoles, San Esteban; Los
Quigas, San Esteban; Pira Pira); Cojedes (El Can-
delo, Tucuragua); Merida (Zea; Bejuquero, 15 km
N of Tovar; Cano Tigre, Zea; Mina Carbon, Zea;
Hacienda San Pedro, Santa Cruz de Mora); Miran-
da (El Hatillo; La Union, El Hatillo; Targua; La
Providencia, Turgua; Los Guayabitos; Baruta; La
Cienega, Baruta; Cortada del Guayabo; La Toma
Capaya, Rib Marismita); Yaracuy (Agua Negra,
Yaritagua, 30 km N); Zulia (Kasmera, base of La
Serranfa de Perija; Estacion de Kasmera, Rfo Yasa).
Peramys brevicaudatus: Robinson and Lyon (not Erx-
eleben, 1777), 1901:138 VENEZUELA: Distrito
Federal (San Julian).
Monodelphis brevicaudata: Tate (not Erxeleben,
1777), 1923:65 VENEZUELA: Aragua ([Esta-
cion Biologico de] Rancho Grande). Sanderson,
1949:788 SURINAME. Pirlot, 1963:175, 178
VENEZUELA: Zulia (Kasmera, Rio Yasa). Han-
dley, 1976:6 VENEZUELA: Zulia (Kasmera, Rio
Yasa); Falcon (Mirimire); Guarico (Estacion Biol-
ogica de los Llanos); Carabobo-Falcon-Yaracuy
(Urama); Trujillo (Valera; La Ceiba); Barinas (Al-
tamira); Yaracuy (Boca de Yaracuy; Minas de
Aroa); Carabobo (Montalban); Aragua (Estacion
Biologica de Rancho Grande); Distrito Federal
116
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Monodelphis osgoodi I \
500 1000 1500 km
Fig. 70. Distribution of Monodelphis osgoodi: southeastern Peru and central Bolivia.
published records.
30
localities given in
(Hacienda Carapiche); Miranda (Curupao; Biron-
go; Rio Chico); Miranda-Guarico (Parque Nacion-
al Guatopo); Sucre (Manacal). Reig et al., 1977:
212 VENEZUELA: Zulia (Kasmera, Rio Yasa);
Aragua ([Estacion Biologica dej Rancho Grande);
Merida (Hacienda San Pedro, Santa Cruz del
Moro). Eisenberg et al., 1979:187 VENEZUELA:
Miranda-Guarico (Parque Nacional Guatopo).
[Monodelphis brevicaudata] brevicaudata: Avila-Pi-
res, 1964:10 (in text) VENEZUELA: Aragua
([Estacion Biologica de] Rancho Grande).
Monodelphis brevicaudata orinoci: Anduze (not
Thomas, 1899), 1956:10 VENEZUELA: Distrito
Federal (La Florida). Reig and Bianchi, 1969:
210 VENEZUELA: Aragua ([Estacion Biologica
de] Rancho Grande).
Holotype Male, skin and skull, FMNH
20524, collected 14 November 1913 by M. P. An-
derson.
Type Locality San Juan de Colon, Tachira,
Venezuela, altitude 180 m.
Distribution (Fig. 71) North and west of Rio
Orinoco in northern Venezuela.
Monodelphis rubida (Thomas, 1899)
Didelphvs brevicaudata: Thomas, 1888b:356 part,
BRAZIL: Bahia.
Peramys rubidus Thomas, 1899a: 155. Gardner, 1993:
22 listed.
[Monodelphis] rubidus: Matschie, 1916:271 classi-
fication.
P[eramys] tricolor rubidus: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:
408 classification.
Monodelphis tricolor rubidus: Vieira, 1955:350 list-
ed.
Monodelphis touan rubidus: Cabrera, 1958:10 clas-
sification.
M[inuania[ goyana Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:419 ap-
parent lapsus for M. umbristriata. Gardner, 1993:
22 listed.
Minuania umbristriata Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:422,
424 BRAZIL: Golds (type locality, Veadeiros;
holotype, male, skin and skull, Museu Nacional,
Rio de Janeiro, purchased from Jose Blaser). Gard-
ner, 1993:22 listed.
Monodelphis umbristriatus: Vieira, 1955:350. Pine,
1976:785 BRAZIL: Goids (Veadeiros); Minas
Gerais (Passos).
Monodelphis americana americana: Cabrera, 1958:
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
117
20'
Monodelphis palliolata
1500 km
80" 70 60 5C W 30
Fig. 71. Distribution of Monodelphis palliolata: northern Venezuela. = localities given in published records.
6 part? (not Miiller, 1 776), umbristriata question-
ably included in synonymy.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH
55.11.26.9.
Type Locality Bahia, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 72) In eastern Brazil from
Goias south to Minas Gerais.
Monodelphis scalops (Thomas, 1888)
Didelphys (Peramys) scalops Thomas, 1888a: 158.
Gardner, 1993:22 listed.
Didelphys scalops: Thomas, 1888b:359. Pohle, 1927:
240 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (type locality re-
stricted to Rio de Janeiro; Teresopolis). Leuder-
waldt, 1929:27 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo.
[Monodelphis] scalops: Matschie, 1916:271 classi-
fication.
Monodelphis scallops: Cabrera, 1958:9. Vieira, 1949:
360 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao; Piraci-
caba; Piquete). Pine, 1978:380 BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo (Piquete; Piracicaba; Sao Sebastiao); Espir-
ito Santo (Caixa D'Agua; Forest Preserve Nova
Lombardia); Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Mares
and Braun, 2000:35 ARGENTINA: Misiones
(Parque Nacional Iguazii).
[Peramys] scalops: Cabrera, 1919:43 classification.
Peramys scalops: Miranda Ribeiro, 1935:38 BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Miranda Ribei-
ro, 1936:412 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (type lo-
cality, Teresopolis). Davis, 1947:3 BRAZIL: Rio
de Janeiro (Teresopolis). Vieira, 1949:360 BRA-
ZIL: Sao Paulo. Vieira, 1955:349 BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo (Sao Sebastiao; Piracicaba; Piquete); Rio de
Janeiro (Teresopolis).
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH
51.7.21.23 (skin), 51.8.30.10 (skull); purchased
from Lord Derby.
Type Locality Brazil; restricted to Rio de Ja-
neiro by Pohle (1927:240) and further restricted
to Teresopolis by Vieira (1955:349).
Distribution (Fig. 73) Southeastern Brazil
from Espfrito Santo to Santa Catarina and Mi-
siones, Argentina.
Monodelphis sorex (Hensel, 1872)
Microdelphys sorex Hensel, 1872:122. Gardner, 1993:
22 listed.
118
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
90 80 70 60 50
Fig. 72. Distribution of Monodelphis rubida: eastern Brazil, south from Goias to Minas Gerais. = localities
given in published records.
Didelphis sorex: Thomas, 1888b:362 BRAZIL: Rio
Grande do Sul (Taquara; San Lorenzo [= Sao Lou-
renco do Sul]).
Peramys sorex: Ihering, 1892:101 BRAZIL: Rio
Grande do Sul. Bertoni, 1939:6 PARAGUAY:
Alto Parana (Puerto Bertoni).
[Monodelphiops] sorex: Matschie, 1916:261, 267,
272 listed.
Monodelphis sorex: Cabrera, 1958:9 classification.
Mares and Braun, 2000:36 ARGENTINA: Mi-
siones (Parque Nacional Iguazu; Reserva Natural
Estricta San Antonio).
Didelphys {Peramys) Henseli Thomas, 1888a: 159
BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul (type locality, Ta-
quara; holotype, female in spirits BMNH
82.9.30.37 collected by H. von Ihering). Vieira,
1955:349 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Serra de Ma-
cae). Avila Pires, 1994:369 BRAZIL: Rio Grande
do Sul (Taquara). Gardner, 1993:22 listed.
Didelphys henseli: Thomas, 1888b:360 BRAZIL:
Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara); ARGENTINA: Entre
Ri'os (no specimens recorded).
Peramys Henseli: Ihering, 1892:100 BRAZIL: Rio
Grande do Sul.
Peramys henseli: Bertoni, 1914:69 PARAGUAY:
Alto Parana (Puerto Bertoni). Bertoni, 1939:7
PARAGUAY: Alto Parana (Puerto Bertoni).
Peramys henselii: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:409 incor-
rect subsequent spelling BRAZIL: Rio Grande do
Sul.
[Monodelphis] henseli: Matschie, 1916:271 classi-
fication.
Monodelphis henseli: Cabrera, 1958:9 classification.
Pine, 1979:496 BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Passos);
Sao Paulo (Casa Grande, Boraceia; Ribeirao da La-
goa); Rio de Janeiro (Campo Bello). Azevedo et
al., 1982:94 BRAZIL: Santa Catarina (Seminario
Coracao de Jesus, Corupa).
[Monodelphis] lundi Matschie. 1916:271 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (type locality, Rio das Velhas, Lagoa
Santa); name based on specimens recorded as D.
tricolor by Lund (1841:236; 1842:135). Gardner,
1993:22 listed.
P[eramys (Minuania)] d[imidiata] itatiayae Miranda
Ribeiro, 1936:421 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (type
locality, Campo Bello, Itatiaya; holotype, male,
skin and skull, MZUSP; collected by Senhor Ziken
and presented by Senhor E. May). Gardner, 1993:
22 listed.
Monodelphis tricolor paulensis Vieira, 1949:359
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Pirituba; Piquete; Mogi das
Cruzes; Ibiti [= Monte Alegre do Sul]). Vieira,
1955:380 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (type locality, Pir-
ituba, outside Sao Paulo; Capital; Mogi das Cruzes;
Monte Alegre [ = Monte Alegre do Sul]; Piquete;
Ibiti [ = Monte Alegre do Sul]; holotype, male, skin
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
119
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 73. Distribution of Monodelphis scalops: southeastern Brazil from Espirito Santo south to Santa Catarina.
= localities given in published records.
and skull, Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de
Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brazil, no. 2557, collected
13 January 1908 by L. P. Barreto). Gardner, 1993:
22 listed.
Monodelphis touan paulensis: Cabrera, 1958:9 clas-
sification.
Syntypes Male and female, Berlin Zoological
Museum; collected by R. Hensel.
Type Locality Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 74) Southeastern Brazil,
southeastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argenti-
na.
Monodelphis theresa Thomas, 1921
Monodelphis theresa Thomas, 1921d:441 BRAZIL:
Rio de Janeiro. Gardner, 1993:22 listed.
Peramys theresae Miranda Ribeiro, 1935:39 incor-
rect subsequent spelling BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro
(Teresopolis).
Peramys therezae: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:417 in-
correct subsequent spelling BRAZIL: Rio de Ja-
neiro (Teresopolis).
Monodelphis americana theresa: Cabrera, 1958:7.
Holotype Skin (from alcohol preserved fe-
male, skull, BMNH 21.8.6.2, collected by Prof. J.
P. Hill).
Type Locality Serra dos Orgaos, Rio de Ja-
neiro, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 75) Southeastern Brazil.
Monodelphis unistriata (Wagner, 1842)
Didelphys unistriata Wagner, 1842:360. Pelzeln,
1883:1 16 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Itarare). Gardner,
1993:22 listed.
D[idelphys] unistriata: Wagner, 1855:249 charac-
ters.
Microdelphys unistriata: Burmeister, 1856:87.
Peramys unistriata: Ihering, 1894:11.
Monodelphis unistriatus: Vieira, 1949:358.
Holotype Male, in Vienna Museum; collect-
ed 11 March 1821 by Johann Natterer.
Type Locality Itarare, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
120
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20
30
40
50
Monodelphis sorex
1500 km
90"
80'
70
60
50"
40
30
20
10"
Fig. 74. Distribution of Monodelphis sorex: southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and southern Paraguay.
= localities given in published records.
Distribution (Fig. 76) Known from type lo-
cality only.
Genus Philander Brisson, 1762
Philander Brisson, 1762:13, 207-214 name pub-
lished in rejected work, subsequently conserved by
the International Commission on Zoological No-
menclature in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomen-
clature (1998:64) and type species designated as
Didelphis opossum Linnaeus. Tiedemann, 1808:
426 included species, P. virginianus Tiedemann
[= D. opossum Linnaeus], P. murinus [= Marmosa
murina], P. brachyurus [= Monodelphis brachyu-
ra\. Gilmore, 1941:316 Metachirops Matschie
antedated; distribution. Hopwood, 1947:533
names from Brisson not valid; Philander Gronov-
ius non-Linnaean and not available (see Bulletin of
Zoological Nomenclature, 51 [2]: 135-138). Hersh-
kovitz, 1949:11 type, P. virginianus Tiedemann
= Didelphis opossum Linnaeus; Philander Brisson
1762, and Philander Gronovius, 1763, not valid.
Pine, 1973a:391 not the four-eyed pouched opos-
sum. Hershkovitz, 1976:295 history, nomencla-
ture. Husson, 1978:27 treated as synonym of Di-
delphis Linnaeus by designation of the Virginia
opossum as lectotype of type species Philander vir-
ginianus Tiedemann. Hershkovitz 1981:943 Phi-
lander valid generic name; type P. virginianus Tie-
demann = Didelphis opossum Linnaeus. Gardner,
1981:447 Philander valid; Husson opinion re-
jected. Jenkins and Kurtson, 1 983 type specimens
in Natural History Museum, London. Gardner,
1993:22 synonymy; species (P. opossum, P. an-
dersoni) distribution.
Sarigua Muirhead, 1819:429 part, 5. opossum (=
Didelphis opossum Linnaeus) listed among includ-
ed species.
Metachirops Matschie, 1916:262, 267, 268 included
species, pallidus Allen, fuscogriseus Allen, grises-
cens Allen, melanurus Thomas, opossum Linnaeus,
canus Osgood, andersoni Osgood, quica Tem-
minck (designated type), frenata Lichtenstein; tax-
onomy. Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:340. Krumbiegel,
194 lb: 199 review. Pine, 1973a:391 valid ge-
neric name for four-eyed pouched opossum; Phi-
lander regarded a synonym of Didelphis.
Holothylax Cabrera, 1919:47 type, Didelphis opos-
sum Linnaeus, by original designation.
Metachirus Burmeister, 1854:135 subgenus of Di-
delphys [= incorrect spelling of Didelphis] Linnae-
us, part, D. quica Temminck only. Burmeister,
1856:68 part, M. opossum Linnaeus only. Thom-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
121
20
30'
40
50
Monodelphis theresa
500 1000 1500 km
90 80 70 60 50 40
Fig. 75. Distribution of Monodelphis theresa: southeastern Brazil.
30 20 10
localities given in published records.
as, 1888b:329 part, Didelphys opossum Linnaeus
only.
Metacheirus Sanderson, 1949:787 incorrect subse-
quent spelling of Metachirus, in combination with
M. opossum.
Type Species Didelphis opossum Linnaeus,
by designation of International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature (1998:64).
Distribution (Figs. 77 and 78) Tropical and
subtropical forests including second growth, Cen-
tral and South America, from Mexico south to
Misiones and Chaco in Argentina and western
Peru to southeastern Brazil; altitudinal range from
sea level to about 2000 m above.
Philander andersoni (Osgood, 1913)
[l]D[idelphys]. myosuros: Tschudi (not Temminck,
1824), 1844:14, 145, 151 PERU. Tschudi, 1844:
250 PERU.
Metachirus andersoni Osgood, 1913:95. Osgood,
1914:149 PERU: Ucayali ("Yane Yacu" [= Yan-
ayacu, now in Loreto]; Rio Paranapura, 8 mi from
Yurimaguas [now in Loreto]). Sanborn, 1947:
215 type history.
M[etachirops] andersoni: Matschie, 1916:268 clas-
sification.
[Holothylax] andersoni: Cabrera, 1919:47 classifi-
cation.
Philander andersoni: Patton and da Silva, 1997:
101 ECUADOR: Napo (Parque Nacional Yasuni,
Onkone Sur, 38 km S of Pompeya Sur); PERU:
Amazonas (Huampami, Rio Cenepa); Loreto (San
Jacinto, Rio Tigre). Patton et al., 2000:82 EC-
UADOR: Napo (Okone Gare, 38 km SE of Pom-
peya Sur, Parque Nacional Yasuni'); PERU: Ama-
zonas (Huampami, Rio Cenepa); Loreto (San Ja-
cinto, Rio Pastaza); BRAZIL: Amazonas (Comu-
nidade Colina, right bank Rio Tiquie, Municipio
San Gabriel de Cachoeira; Rio Jau, above mouth
right bank; Macaco, left bank Rio Jau).
M[etachirus] opossum andersoni: Thomas, 1923c:
603 classification.
Metachirus opossum andersoni: Thomas, 1928b:
294 PERU: Loreto (Iquitos).
Philander opossum andersoni: Cabrera, 1958:34.
Perez-Hernandez, 1989:373 VENEZUELA: Ama-
zonas (Cano Majagua; Cano Yagua, Cerro Cucuri-
to; Rio Manapiare, San Juan de Manapiare; Ta-
matama; Rio Cunucunuma, Belen; Rio Casiquiare,
Capibara; Campamento La Neblina, Cerro La Neb-
lina; Mavaca, Alto Rio Orinoco; Sierra Parima).
P[hilander] opossum andersoni: Gardner and Patton,
1972:5 PERU: Ayacucho (Huanhuachayo; San
Jose).
122
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20'
30
40
50'
Monodelphis unistriata
1500 km
7\
90 1
80"
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Fig. 76. Distribution of Monodelphis unistriata: known only from type locality in state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
localities given in published records.
P\hilander] o[possum] andersoni: Baker, 1974:135
ECUADOR: Napo (Santa Cecilia).
Philander andersoni andersoni, Hershkovitz, 1997:
61, 85-91 COLOMBIA: Putumayo (Puerto Asis);
Caquetd (Tres Troncos); ECUADOR: Napo (San
Jose, abajo; Puerto Napo, Rio Napo; Santa Cecilia);
Pastaza (Rio Yana Rumi; Sarayacu; Montalvo; Rio
Copataza; Rio Pindo Yacu); PERU: Ucayali ([the
following localities are now in Loreto] Rio Curar-
ay, boca; Lago Miranes, Rio Napo; Rio Mazan,
boca; Santa Luisa; Orosa; Nauta; Santa Elena, Rio
Samiria; Yurimaguas, Rio Huallaga; Yana Yacu [=
Yanayacu], Iquitos; San Jeronimo); Ucayali (Cu-
meria [= Cumaria]); Amazonas (La Poza, Rio San-
tiago; Huampami, 5 mi W, Rio Cenepa); Pasco
(Oxapampa, Inanez); Junin (Chanchamayo; Utcuy-
acu); PERU: Ayacucho (San Jose, Huanhuachayo
[Hershkovitz placed these specimens from Ayacu-
cho under P. andersoni andersoni, but Gardner
placed them under P. opossum]); VENEZUELA:
Amazonas (Acanana, Rio Cunucunuma; Playa del
Rio Base, Cerro Duida; Esmeralda; Merey; Belen;
San Juan; Tamatama; Cano Majagua; Cerro Cucur-
ito; Sierra Parima; Capibara; Mavaca; Campamento
La Neblina).
Metachirus opossum Tate, 1939:161 VENEZUELA:
Amazonas (Playa del Rio Base, Cerro Duida).
Philander opossum: Gardner and Patton, part (not
Linnaeus, 1758), 1972:5 PERU: Ayacucho (San
Jose, Rio Santa Rosa, 1000 m; Huanhuachayo,
1660 m); comparisons. Reig et al., 1977:197
PERU: Ayacucho (San Jose, Rio Santa Rosa; Huan-
huachayo).
Metachirus opossum nigratus Thomas, 1923c:603
PERU: Junin (type locality, Utcuyacu, 1600 m;
Chanchamayo; holotype, male, skin and skull,
BMNH 1900.7.7.62, collected 21 April 1900 by P.
O. Simons). Thomas, 1928:250, footnote PERU:
Junin (Inanez, not located). Gardner and Patton,
1972:5.
Philander opossum canus: Cabrera (part, not Osgood,
1913) 1958:35.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, FMNH
19655; collected 11 September 1912 by M. P. An-
derson.
Type Locality "Yane Yaku" [= Yanayacu],
a chacra or farm on the Paranapura River about
8 mi from Yurimaguas, Ucayali, Peru (now in
Loreto, Peru). The latter is on the Rio Huallaga
at the mouth of the Rio Paranapura (cf. Osgood,
1914, p. 147).
Distribution (Fig. 79) Southern Venezuela,
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
123
Fig. 77. Distribution of the genus Philander in Central America: north-central Mexico south through Panama.
See Figure 78 for distribution in South America.
southern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and north-
western Brazil.
Additional Records ECUADOR: Napo; Li-
moncocha (Emmons, 1977, USNM); Llunchi, Rio
Napo (Hershkovitz, 1936, UMMZ); Zancudo
(Timm, 1983, FMNH); Pastaza; Intillama (= In-
dillama), Rio Napo (Hershkovitz, 1936, UMMZ);
PERU: Amazonas; Wanuma, Adelbert Mts., not
located (Patton, 1977, MVZ); Loreto; Quebrada
Oran (Barkley, 1984, LSUMZ); Quisto Cocha [=
Quistococha]; Maynas (McGrath, 1980, KU).
Philander frenata (Olfers, 1818)
D[idelphis] frenata Illiger, 1815 (1 804- 1 8 1 1 ): 1 07
nomen nudum.
D[idelphys] frenata Olfers, 1818:204 listed.
[Metachirops] frenata: Matschie, 1916:268 BRA-
ZIL: Bahia (type locality originally given as Brazil,
according to Wagner [1843, footnote 25, p. 44], the
specimen labeled D. frenata in the Berlin Museum
was collected by Herr Koehne in Bahia, presum-
ably in the present Sao Salvador, which may be
taken as the restricted type locality).
Met[achirops] opossum frenatus: Krumbiegel, 1941:
206 (in text) incorrect subsequent spelling.
Philander opossum frenatus: Olfers, 1818:201 in-
correct subsequent spelling.
Philander opossum frenata: Hershkovitz, 1959:338,
342 taxonomy; part, synomyms (superciliaris Ol-
fers, myosuros Temminck). Hershkovitz, 1997:51,
93 BRAZIL: Bahia (Bahia [= Salvador]).
Philander frenata: Patton and da Silva, 1997:97-
101 BRAZIL: Parana; Bahia; Goias; Espirio
Santo (Estacao Biologica Santa Lucia. Santa Tereza
[= Teresa]; Mato do Larva d'Agua, 1.7 km from
Santa Tereza); Minas Gerais (Parque Estadual do
Ibitipoca; Fervedouro); Sao Paulo (Fazenda Inter-
vales, Capao Bonito; Fazenda da Toca, Ilha de Sao
Sebastiao, Ilhabela; Praia do Felix, Uratuba; Esta-
cao Biologica Boraceia; Serra do Japi, 7 km W of
Jundiaf); Rio de Janeiro (Parque Nacional de Ita-
tiaia, Penedo, Municipio de Itatiaia; Marica; Gar-
rafao, Estacion Rio Terezopolis [= Terasopolis],
Maje). Gentile et at, 1997:105 BRAZIL: Rio de
Janeiro (Barra de Marica). Patton et al., 2000:82
BRAZIL: Espirito Santo (Estacao Biologica Santa
Lucia, Santa Tereza); Rio de Janeiro (Garrafao, Es-
tacion Rio Terezopolis [= Teresopolis], Maje); Sao
Paulo (Fazenda Intervales, Capao Bonito); Minas
Gerais (Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, 30 km N of
Lima Duarte).
D[idelphys] superciliaris Illiger, 1815(1804-1811):
107 nomen nudum. Olfers, 1818:204 type lo-
cality "Sudamerica".
Didelphis myosuros Temminck, 1824:38 BRAZIL:
(type locality); syntypes in the Leiden, Vienna,
Frankfurt, and Maximiliam Zu Wied-Neuwied Mu-
seum; female syntype in the Vienna Natural His-
tory Museum, collected 3 March 1818 by Johann
124
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 78. Distribution of the genus Philander in South America: throughout northern South America south to
northeastern Argentina; in Brazil west of the Rio Tocantins-Araguaia, with the exception of Bahia. See Figure 77 for
distribution in Central America.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
125
20
10
1500 km
30
Fig. 79. Distribution of Philander andersoni: southern Venezuela, southern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and north-
western Brazil, o = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
Natterer, designated lectotype by Hershkovitz
(1959:34). Hershkovitz, 1959:343, in synonymy of
Philander opossum frenata Olfers.
Didelphis myosurus: Wagner, 1843:footnote 25, p.
44 incorrect subsequent spelling of myosuros
BRAZIL: Bahia; type of "frenata Lichtenstein"
from Bahia; collected by Kaehne.
Metachirus nudicaudatus myosurus, Miranda Ribeiro,
1936:345 incorrect subsequent spelling of myo-
suros BRAZIL: Bahia.
Didelphis quica Temminck, 1824:36. Desmarest,
1827:387. Jentink, 1887:301 BRAZIL: Tem-
minck collection. Jentink, 1888:200 part, BRA-
ZIL; syntype.
Didelphys quica: Waterhouse, 1841:90 part, BRA-
ZIL. Waterhouse 1 846:480 part, BRAZIL. Bur-
meister, 1854:136 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro
(Novo Friburgo). Pelzen, 1883:1 10 BRAZIL: Rio
de Janeiro (Sepetiba); Sao Paulo (Ipanema [ =
Ypanema]).
D[idelphys] quica: Wagner, 1855:225. Giebel, 1859:
227 "der Guica."
Metachirus quica: Burmeister, 1856:70 part, BRA-
ZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Novo Friburgo). Burmeister,
1856:70 (part, not Temminck) BRAZIL: Bahia;
Rio de Janeiro (Novo Friburgo). Hensel, 1872:
120 BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Goeldi, 1894:
460 Rio de Janeiro (Serra dos Orgaos). J. A. Al-
len, 1900:195 BRAZIL: (type locality, coast re-
gion of Brazil, just south of Rio de Janeiro).
[Holothylax] quica: Cabrera, 1919:48 classification.
Metachirus opossum quica: J. A. Allen, 1916b:562
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Sapitiba [= Sepetiba],
restricted type locality).
[Metachirops] quica: Matschie: 1916:268 BRAZIL:
Rio de Janeiro (type locality "Sapitibi").
Metachirops quica: Pohle: 1927:243 BRAZIL: Rio
de Janeiro (Barreira; Teresopolis). Schirch, 1932:
85 BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis).
Metachiropos opossum quica: Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:
340 BRAZIL: Santa Catarina (Porto Feliz, Rio
Urugai, not located); Rio de Janeiro (Teresopolis).
Vieira, 1949:345 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo; Minas
Gerais; Espirito Santo. Ruschi, 1965:2 BRAZIL:
Espirito Santo (coast).
Metachirus opossum quichua: Krumbiegel, 1941b:
200, 201, 206 incorrect subsequent spelling for
quica Temminck BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Juquia,
Serra do Mar).
Philander opossum quica: Perodini and Perodini,
1966:28 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Cantareira Forest-
al Preserve, Sao Paulo). Carvalho, 1965:251
BRAZIL.: Sao Paulo (Boraceia). Correa Gomez,
1984:369 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul (Salob-
ra). Da Fonseca and Redford, 1984:517 BRAZIL:
Distrito Federal (Parque Nacional Brasilia). Alho
126
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
et al., 1986:447, 451, 452 BRAZIL; humid galley
forest and valley side wet campo; cerrado [un-
known]). Hershkovitz, 1997:86-95 BRAZIL:
Goids (Aragarcas; Formosa; Anapolis; Trinidade);
Distrito Federal (Parque Nacional de Brasilia; Bra-
silia; Fazenda Agua Limpa); Minas Gerais (Con-
ceicao do Mato Dentro; Fazenda Esmeralda; Fa-
zenda Montes Claros; Lagoa Santa; Quartel do Sac-
ramento; Fazenda da Floresta, Rio Matipo; Boa Es-
peranca, Serra de Caparao; Fazenda Cardosa, Serra
de Caparao; Alem Paraiba; Juiz do Fora; Benfica,
Serra de Itatiaia [see Benfica, Rio de Janeiro]); Es-
pirito Santo (Santa Teresa; Sao Joao de Petropolis;
Vale Verde, Parque Nacional do Caparao; Pedra
Roxa, Parque Nacional de Caparao; Cachoeira
Bonita, Parque Nacional de Caparao; Serra; Cam-
pinho; Vitoria; Vila Velha, Morro de Angoles;
Caixa D'Agua; Valao de Sao Lourenco; Engenhei-
ro Reeve [= Rive]); Rio de Janeiro (Fazenda Boa
Vista; Rio de Janeiro; Fazenda Boa Fe [= Tereso-
polis]; Rodeio, Serra do Mar; Sao Joao Marcos;
Novo Friburgo; Barreira; Serra dos Orgaos; Monte
Serrat [= Pico das Agulhas Negras], Parque Na-
cional de Itatiaya [= Itatiaia]; Maceira, Itatiaia; Se-
petiba; Mangaratiba; Barro Branco; Pedra Branca,
Parati; Bemfica [= Benfica]; Sao Paulo (Serra de
Itatiaia [Collector E. G. Holt, June 1922, gives co-
ordinates as 2141'S, 4326'W in Minas Gerais.
Paynter and Tray lor (1991) place Benfica in Rio de
Janeiro]; Rio de Janeiro (Parque Nacional de Ita-
tiaia); Sao Paulo (Avanhandava, Lajeado; Bora-
ceia; Iporanga, Lajeado; Monte Alegre, Amparo [=
Monte Alegre do Sul]; Sao Paulo; Cotia; Serra da
Cantareira; Butanta; Costao dos Engenhos; Alto da
Serra; Vila Oliveira, Mogi das Cruzes; Salesopolis;
Casa Grande; Ponta da Boraceia; Piquete; Sao Se-
bastiao; Serra de Itatiaia; Ipanema; Juquia); Parana
(Rio Paracaf; Roa Nova); Santa Catarina (Join-
ville; Hansa [= Corupa]).
Didelphys opossum: Goldfuss, 1809:215. Waterhouse,
1841:90 part, BRAZIL. Waterhouse, 1846:485
part, BRAZIL. Thomas, 1888b:329 BRAZIL: Rio
Grande do Sul (Taquara). Winge, 1893:7, 38
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa, Recent and
fossil).
Metachirus opossum: Ihering, 1892:99 BRAZIL:
Rio Grande do Sul. Ihering, 1894:10 BRAZIL:
Sao Paulo. Thomas, 1902d:64 BRAZIL: Parand
(Ro?a Nova, Serra do Mar).
M[etachirus] opossum: Miranda Ribeiro, 1905:189
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Monte Serrat, Parque
Nacional do Itatiaia [= Pico das Agulhas Negras]).
Philander opossum: Davis, 1945a: 122 BRAZIL:
Rio de Janeiro (Fazenda Boa Fe; Teresopolis).
Mello and Moojen, 1979:29 BRAZIL: (Bom Jar-
din, gallery forest); Distrito Federal (Brasilia, gal-
lery forest; Fazenda Agua Limpa, gallery; Guara,
gallery, not located).
Philander opossum opossum: da Fonseca and Kierulff
(not Linnaeus, 1758), 1989:118, 143 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (Fazenda Esmeralda; Fazenda Mon-
tes Claros).
Didelphis nudicaudatus: Desmarest (part, not E.
Geoffrey, 1803), 1827:390 myosuros Temminck
a synonym. Waterhouse, 1841:94. Jentick, 1888:
220 part, syntypes of myosuros Temminck and
opossum of Temminck collection. Thomas, 1 888b:
332 part, myosuros in synonymy.
Metachirus nudicaudatus nudicaudatus: Cabrera
(part, not E. Geoffrey, 1803), 1958:38 "frenata
Lichtenstein (Wagner)" in synonymy.
Didelphis larvata Jentink, 1888:220 Natterer MS
name on label of quica Temminck.
Didelphis larvata in MS name in synonymy. Avila-
Pires and Souvea, 1977:9 BRAZIL: Rio de Ja-
neiro (Monte Serrat [= Pico das Agulhas Negras];
Maceira [= Maceiras = Pico das Agulhas Negras];
Parque Nacional Itatiaia [= Pico das Agulhas Ne-
gras]); Minas Gerais (Benfica).
Holotype Adult female, skin mounted, Berlin
Zoological Museum, collected before 1815 by
Herr Kaehne.
Type Locality "Sudamerica"; restricted to
Bahia, Brazil, by Wagner, 1843:44, footnote 25,
restricted to Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, by Pelzen,
1883:110.
Distribution (Fig. 80) Coastal region of east-
ern and southeastern Brazil and from Goias to Pa-
rana.
Additional Records BRAZIL: Rio de Janei-
ro; Floresta da Tijuca (G.I.P., 1945, 1946, KU);
Espirito Santo; Pedra Roxa, Parque Nacional do
Caparao (Hershkovitz, 1992, FMNH); Minas Ger-
ais; Rio Matipo (Fonseca, 1919); San Francisco
de C, not located (Robert, 1960, BMNH); Sao
Paulo; Iguape (de Souza-Lopes, 1976, USNM);
Banagena, not located (1966, 1967, 1968,
MZUSP); Parque Estadual de Ilhabella; Ilha de
San Sabastiao (Mustrangi, 1993, MVZ).
Philander mcilhennyi Gardner and Patton,
1972
Philander mcilhennyi: Gardner and Patton, 1972:2
PERU: Ucayali (Balta, Rio Curanja, upper Rio Pu-
rtis). Reig et al., 1977:197, 212 PERU: Ucayali
(Balta, Rio Ucayali). Hutterer et al., 1995:10
PERU: Huanuco (Panguana, Rfo Pachitea). Patton
et al., 1995:7, 20, 21 BRAZIL: Amazonas (Alto
Rio Urucu). Emmons and Feer, 1997:8 PERU:
Ucayali (Balta); BRAZIL: Acre; Amazonas. Patton
and da Silva, 1997:97, 101 PERU: Ucayali (Bal-
ta; Pucallpa; Pucallpa, 59 km SW of and 59 km W
of); Huanuco (Panguana); Loreto (Jenaro Herrera
Biological Station; Rio Yarapa); BRAZIL: Acre
(Igarape Porongaba, right bank Rfo Jurua; Seringal
Sobral, left bank Rio Jurua); Amazonas (Seringal
Penedo, right bank Rfo Jurua; Seringal Altamira;
right bank Rfo Jurud; Alto Rfo Uriicu; Seringal
Condor, left bank Rfo Jurua). Patton et al., 2000:
83 BRAZIL: Acre (Igarape Porongaba, right bank
Rfo Jurua; Igarape Porongaba, opposite, left bank
Rfo Jurua; Nova Vida, right bank Rfo Jurua; So-
bral, left bank Rfo Jurua); Amazonas (Seringal
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
127
20 10
Fig. 80. Distribution of Philander frenata: in Brazil from Parana east to Bahia and south to Santa Catarina. o
localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
128
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 81. Distribution of Philander mcilhennyi: from eastern Peru east to Acre and Amazonas in Brazil.
localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
o =
Condor, right bank Rib Jurua; Penedo, right bank
Rio Jurua; Altamira, right bank Rio Jurua; Alto Rio
Urucu, Tefe).
Philander mcilhenni: Engstrom and Gardner, 1988:
232 incorrect subsequent spelling of mcilhennyi.
Philander andersoni mcilhennyi: Hershkovitz, 1997:
87 PERU: Ucayali (Balta, Rio Curanja; Pucallpa,
Rio Ucayali).
Holotype Adult female, skin and skull,
LSUMZ 16395; collected 10 April 1971 by Alfred
L. Gardner, original number 1 1 54 1 .
Type Locality Balta, Rio Curanja, upper Rio
Purus, altitude ca. 300 m.
Distribution (Fig. 81) Eastern Peru in the
Rio Ucayali Basin, southeast Balta and east into
Acre and Amazonas of Brazil.
Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Philander, Opassum, sive Carigueja, Brasiliensis;
mas. [sic], Seba, 1734:56 (original spelling is as
indicated).
Philander, Americanus, seu Carigueja, cum catulis.
saccum ventris intrantihus; foemina Seba, 1 734:57
(original spelling is as indicated).
Carigueja, junior, sive Opassum, cum sacco aperto,
Seba, 1 734:57 description.
Sarigue, Buffon and Daubenton, 1763:279 descrip-
tion.
[Didelphis] opossum: Linnaeus, 1758:55.
Didelphis oposum: Brongniart, 1792:115 incorrect
subsequent spelling FRENCH GUIANA: (Cay-
enne).
Didelphis opossum: Cuvier, 1798:1 14 le sarigue. E.
Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1803:141. Latreille, 1803:
304 sarigue ou opossum. Desmarest, 1820:256.
Temminck, 1825:41. Gray, 1843:101. Jentink,
1887b:301 SURINAME; FRENCH GUIANA:
(Cayenne). Jentink, 1888:220 SURINAME. J. A.
Allen, 1900b: 195 SURINAME: (type locality).
l'?]Didelphis opossum: Thomas, 1888b:329 part,
ECUADOR: Guayas (Guayaquil).
Molucca opossum: Shaw, 1800:476.
Didelphys opossum: Goldfuss, 1809:215. Waterhouse,
1841:90 part, GUYANA; SURINAME. Water-
house 1 846:485 GUYANA. Thomas, 1888b:329,
331 part, GUATEMALA: Esquintla (Vera Paz);
Aha Verapaz (Coban); part, GUYANA: Pomeroon-
Supenaam (Better Hope); SURINAME; ARGEN-
TINA: Chaco; BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
129
de la Sierra). Lydekker, 1896:200 part, distribu-
tion. Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904:100 BRAZIL:
Para.
D[idelphys\ opossum: Olfers, 1818:204 part, syn-
onymy. Schinz, 1844:501. Tschudi, 1844:14, 144,
151 PERU. Wagner, 1855:226 listed.
S[arigua] opossum: Muirhead, 1819:429 part, new
combination.
Didelphys {Metachirus) opossum: Menegaux, 1902:
496 FRENCH GUIANA: (Ouanary River).
Sarigua opossum: Muirhead, 1830 (1819):429 clas-
sification.
Metachirus opossum: Burmeister, 1856:69. Thomas,
190 la: 153 GUYANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Es-
sequibo (Rupununi River; Kanuku Mts.). Thomas,
1 9 1 0b: 1 88 GUYANA: Pomeroon-Supenaam (Su-
penaam River). Thomas, 191 lb:143 SURINA-
ME: (type locality); Seba sole reference for opos-
sum Linnaeus. J. A. Allen, 1916a:201 COLOM-
BIA: Meta (Villavicencio). Bertoni, 1923:51
PARAGUAY: Central (Bahia de Asuncion). Lyne,
1959:84 VENEZUELA: Merida.
Metacherius opossum, Sanderson, 1949:787 incor-
rect subsequent spelling part, SURINAME.
Gamba opossum: Liais, 1872:329 classification.
[Metachirops] opossum: Matschie, 1916:268 SU-
RINAME: Paramaribo (type locality, Paramaribo).
Metachirops opossum: Bertoni, 1939:6 PARA-
GUAY. Crespo, 1950:6 ARGENTINA: Misiones
(Rio Urugua-i, 39 km from Puerto Bemberg).
[Holothylax opossum] opossum: Cabrera, 1919:48
classification.
Philander opossum: Gilmore, 1941:309 classifica-
tion. Moojen and Avila Pires, 1966:397 BRAZIL:
Cerrado formation (absent). Gardner and Patton,
1972:5 PERU: Ucayali (Balta; Yarinacocha);
Ayacucho (San Jose; Huanhuachayo [Hershkovitz
(1977) identified these specimens as Philander an-
dersoni andersoni]). Pine, 1973b:56 BRAZIL:
Para (Utinga, suburb of Belem). Reig et al., 1977:
197 part, VENEZUELA: Barinas (Guaquitas).
Reig et al., 1977:197, 212 part, PERU: Ucayali
(Yarinacocha; Balta); BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (To-
rixoreu, gallery forest; Baliza, gallery forest; Barra
do Garcas gallery forest; Pocone, gallery forest).
Tyndale-Biscoe, 1980:21 1 part, COLOMBIA:
Meta (Villavicencio); Valle del Cauca (Cali; Bue-
naventura). Tuttle et al., 1981:333 PANAMA:
Colon/Panama (Isla Barro Colorado [= Barro Col-
orado]). Mills et al., 1 98 la:331 BRAZIL: Para
(Belem). Miles et al., 1 98 lb:272 BRAZIL: Para
(Belem). Charles-Dominique et al.. 1981:342
FRENCH GUIANA: (Cayenne). Charles-Domi-
nique, 1983:395-422 FRENCH GUIANA: (Cay-
enne). Guerrero, 1985:41 VENEZUELA. Red-
ford and Da Fonseca, 1986:126, 132 BRAZIL:
cerrado region (gallery forest dependent). Atra-
mentowicz, 1986:123 FRENCH GUIANA: (Cay-
enne). Atramentowicz, 1988:47 FRENCH GUI-
ANA: (Cayenne). Gardner, 1988:698 VENE-
ZUELA: Amazonas (Base Camp I, Cerro de La
Neblina). Mares et al., 1989:19 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso (Pocone). Pacheco et al., 1993:5 PERU:
Madre de Dios (Pakitza; Cocha Cashu; Aguas Cal-
ientes); Cusco (Hacienda Erika). Julien-Laferriere
and M. Atrementowicz, 1994 FRENCH GUI-
ANA (Cabassou; Piste de Saint Elie). Emmons et
al., 1994:146 PERU: Madre de Dios (Puesto San
Antonio). Emmons et al., 1994:144 PERU: Ma-
dre de Dios (Explorer's Inn Reserve). Emmons and
Remo, 1994:140 PERU: Madre de Dios (Ccolpa
de Guacamayas). Rageot and Albuja, 1994:178
Ecuador: Pastaza (Mera). Hershkovitz, 1997:90
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Iporanga, Parque Estudual
Petar); ARGENTINA: Chaco (Rio de Oro, boca);
Misiones (Rio Urugua-i; Fracran, San Pedro). Ma-
res and Braun, 2000:36 ARGENTINA: Chaco
(Parque Nacional Chaco; Puerto Bermejo, 10 km
S; Rio de Oro); Formosa (Laguna Blanca; Parque
Nacional Rio Pilcomayo); Misiones (Fracran,
Parque Nacional Iguazii; Rio Urugua-i). Voss et al.,
2001:63 FRENCH GUIANA (Paracou); SURI-
NAME: Coronie (Totness); Marowijne (Moengo;
Perica); Sipaliwini (Avanavero; Wilhemina Moun-
tains); Nickerie (Sipaliwini Airstrip; Kayserberg
Airstrip); Saramacca (Bigi Poika; La Poule); Com-
mewijne (Clevia; Plantation Clevia); Para (Lely-
dorpplan; Zanderij); Suriname (Powakka).
Metachirus opossum opossum: J. A. Allen, 1911:
246 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (Rio Yuruan).
Metachirops opossum opossum: Krumbiegel, 1941b:
200 part, BRAZIL: Para (Ipitinga, Rio Acara;
Peixe-boi). Husson, 1978:24 SURINAME: Sipal-
iwini (Avanavero Falls, Kabalebo River; upper
Nickerie River); Paramaribo (Paramaribo, various
localities in and near town; near Para River on road
to Domburg, 10 km SE of Paramaribo); Para (Le-
lydorp); Commewijne (near Commewijne River;
Clevia); Marowijne (Albina).^
Philander opossum opossum: Avila-Pires, 1958:4
BRAZIL: Para (Utinga [suburb of Belem], Belem
de Para). Husson, 1973:5 SURINAME. Carvalho,
1961 :5 BRAZIL: Roraima (formerly Rio Branco)
(Parana do Pocao, Caracarai; Pocao, Boa Vista).
Carvalho, 1962:285 BRAZIL: Amapci (Macapa,
Rio Amapari; Mazagao, Rio Maraca; Rio Branco;
Rio Maraca); Para (Sapucajuba; Utinga, suburb of
Belem). Pine, 1973b:56 BRAZIL: Para (Belem;
Utinga, suburb of Belem). Perez-Hernandez, 1989:
373 VENEZUELA: Bolivar (El Palmar; San
Martin de Turumban; Raudal Chalimana); Amazon-
as (Campamento, La Neblina; Rio Casiquiare).
Hershkovitz, 1997:90-92 VENEZUELA: Bolivar
(El Palmar; Maripa; Hato San Jose; San Martin de
Turumban; Rio Yuruan; Raudal Chalimana); GUY-
ANA: Pomeroon-Supenaam (Supenaam River;
Better Hope); Demerara-Mahaica (Georgetown;
Hyde Park); Essequibo Islands-West Demerara
(Buck Hall [= Buckhall]); Upper Takutu-Upper
Essequibo (Rupununi River; Kanuku Mts.). SU-
RINAME: Nickerie (Makerie; Kaiserberg Airstrip);
Sipaliwini (Avanavero Falls; Nickerie River); Bro-
kopondo (Loksie Hattie); Saramacca (La Poule);
Suriname (Culturutuin [= Cultuurtuin, now in Par-
amaribo}; Rijweg [now in Paramaribo]; Lelydorp-
plan [now in Para]; Paramaribo [now in Paramar-
ibo]; Clevia [now in Commewijne]; Para River
[now in Paramaribo]; Lelydorp [now in Wanica]);
Commewijne (Commewijne River); Marowijne
(Albina); FRENCH GUIANA: (Cayenne; Ouanary
River); BRAZIL: Amapd (Serra do Navio; Teresin-
ha; Macapa; Mazagao; Rio Branco, Rio Maraca);
130
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Roraima (Pocao, Boa Vista, km 192, Ferovia Ama-
pa; Pocao, Boa Vista; Pocao, Caracaraf: Caracaraf,
Rio Mucajai); Amazonas (Rio Xiriviny; Santo Isi-
dore; Ipixuna [= Lago do Ipixuna]; Serra de Par-
intins; Parintins; Santa Clara; Villa Bella Imperatriz
[= Parintins]; Lago do Baptista; Rio Madeira,
boca; Rosarhino; Auara Igarape; "Rio Negro," not
located; Santo Antonio de Uayara, Rio Eiru); Acre
(Seringal Oriente); Para (Fordlandia, Rio Tapajoz;
km 19, Itaituba-Jacareacanga [= Jacare-Acanga];
km 216, Estrada de Santarem-Cuiaba; Canudos;
Igarape Tapereba; Altamira, Rio Xingu; Gradaiis
[= Gorotire]; Cameta; Ilha do Taiuna; Mazagao;
Mocajuba; Baiao; Arumateua; Maraba; km 90, Ro-
dovia, Belem-Brasflia; Ipeau-Apez, suburb of Be-
lem; Sapucajuba, suburb of Belem; Utinga, suburb
of Belem; Marco, suburb of Belem; Murutucu [=
Instituto Agronomico do Norte]; Ananindeua; Ipi-
tinga; Flor do Prado, near Quatipuru; Santa Maria,
Braganca; Peixe-boi; Igarape Acu, Colonia do Pra-
ta; Capim; Sao Miguel do Guama [= Guama]; Ir-
iteria [= Guama]). Patton and da Silva, 1997:102
GUYANA: Potaro Siparuni (Surama, 30 km SE);
Barima-Waini (Santa Cruz; Waikerebi); BRAZIL:
Para (Rio Xingu, E bank, 52 km SSW of Altami-
ra). Patton et al., 2000:81-82 GUYANA: Potaro
Sipalwini (Surama, 30 km NE); Barina-Waini
(Waikerebi); BRAZIL: Amazonas (Ilha das Oncas,
left bank Rio Negro; Lago Meduinfm, left bank Rio
Negro; Sacado, right bank Rfo Jurua; Igarape Nova
Empresa, left bank Rio Jurua); Para (Floresta Na-
cional Tapirape-Aquiri, Municipio da Maraba);
Acre (Igarape Porongaba. right bank Rio Jurua;
Flora [= Fazenda Santa Fe], left bank Rio Jurua;
Ocidente, opposite, right bank Rio Jurua; Nova
Vida, right bank Rio Jurua; Sobral, left bank Rio
Jurua); FRENCH GUIANA (La Trinite Moun-
tains).
Philander o\possum] Opossum: Carvalho and Toc-
cheton, 1969:217 BRAZIL: Para (Utinga, Be-
lem; Sapucajuba, Belem; km 94 Belem-Brasflia).
Didelphis Marsupialis: Shaw (not Linnaeus, 1758),
1 800:476 Molucca opossum.
P[hilander] virginianus Tiedeman, 1808:427 re-
placement name for D. opossum Linnaeus.
Didelphis austro-americana Thomas, 1923:604
name ex Oken, 1816:1 148 a non-Linnaean work:
synonym of D. opossum Linnaeus.
Didelphis quica: Schomburgk, 1840:344 GUYA-
NA. Jentink, 1888:220 SURINAME.
Didelphys quica: Waterhouse, 1841:90 part, GUY-
ANA; SURINAME. Waterhouse, 1 846:480 part.
GUYANA; SURINAME. Alston, 1880:198
MEXICO; GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez (San
Miguel Duenas [= Duenas]); Alta Verapaz (Cob-
an); COSTA RICA: Cartago (Tucurriqui). Pelzeln,
1883:110 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Mato Grosso).
D[idelphys] quica: Cabanis and Schomburgk (not
Temminck), 1848:777 GUYANA.
Metachirus opossum quica: Miller, 1916:589 J. A.
Allen, 19 16b:562 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul
(Urucum). Carvalho, 1957:3 BRAZIL: Acre (Ser-
ingal Oriente, Rio Jurua).
Metachiropos opossum quica: Vieira, 1945:421
BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Monte Alegre, Palmeiras).
Vieira, 1949:345 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso. Car-
valho, 1958:123 BRAZIL: Para (Gradaiis [= Go-
rotire], Rio Fresca).
Philander opossum quica: Hershkovitz. 1997:86-
95 COLOMBIA: Boyacd (Rfo Cobaria); Meta
(Caney; Restrepo; Villavicencio; Finca El Capri-
cho); PERU: Loreto (Itaya; Iquitos; Apayacu; Sar-
ayacu, Rio Ucayali; San Jeronimo); Ucayali (Pu-
callpa; Lagarto Cocha; Rfo Urubamba; Santa
Rosa); San Martin (Yurac Yacu; Moyobamba; Rio-
ja); Hudnuco (Tingo Maria); Cusco (Hacienda Cad-
ena; San Jeronimo; Quincemil); Mad re de Dios
(Rfo Colorado, boca; Puerto Maldonado); BOLIV-
IA: La Paz (Chulumani); Beni (Guayamarfn; Mer-
redor; Rfo Mamore; Itonama; Puerto Siles, Rfo Ma-
more; Santa Rosa; Barranquita; Arruda; Centinela;
Camino Vilches; Santo Dios; San Joaqufn; Exal-
tation. Rfo Mamore; Palacios; Puerto Caballo; San
Ramon, Rfo Machupo; Monte Chocolatal; Magda-
lena; San Pablo; El Carmen, Rfo Blanco; Rfo Ibare,
boca; Vaca Diez; San Ignacio de Moxos; Camiaco);
Cochabamba (Rfo Ichilo); Cochabamba-Santa
Cruz (Rfo Mamore, 2 km S mouth Rfo Chapare);
Santa Cruz (Ascencion de Guarayos; Mercedes,
Rfo Guapore; Buenavista [= Buena Vista]; Warnes;
Santa Rosita; Tocomechi; Hamacas; El Palmar;
Ayacucho, Ibanez; Santa Cruz de la Sierra [= Santa
Cruz], 18 km SW; San Ramon); PARAGUAY: San
Pedro (Tacuati); Central (Asuncion; Lapango);
Paraguari (Sapucay [= Sapucaf]); BRAZIL: Acre
(Seringal Oriente); Rondonia (Porto Velho); Mato
Grosso (Mato Grosso; Barra do Garcas; Pocon6;
Balisa; Caceres; Monte Alegre, Palmeiras); Mato
Grosso do Sul (Santa Teresa; Urucum; Miranda);
Rio Grande do Sul (Passo Fundo; Taquara).
Metachirus fuscogriseus: J. A. Allen, 1900b: 194 (ho-
lotype, probably female, skin and skull, AMNH
9920/8252; presented by Albert Smith. The skin is
labeled female, skull tag and box are labeled male).
Allen, 1 90 lb:2 13 NICARAGUA: Rio San Juan
(Greytown [= San Juan del Norte]); Zelaya (Blue-
fields).
Metachirops fuscogriseus: Matschie, 1916:268 clas-
sification.
Metachirus opossum fuscogriseus: J. A. Allen, 1911:
247 NICARAGUA: Rio San Juan (Greytown [ =
San Juan del Norte]).
[Holothylax fuscogriseus] fuscogriseus: Cabrera,
1 9 1 9:47 classification.
Metachirops opossum fuscogriseus: Enders, 1935:
410 PANAMA: Colon/Panama (Barro Colora-
do).
Philander opossum fuscogriseus: Alston, 1880: 198
GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez (San Miguael
Duenas). Allen, 1 90 lb:2 13 NICARAGUA: Ze-
laya (Bluefields). Allen, 1910:13 NICARAGUA:
(Rfo Coco, on border of Honduras and Nicaragua);
Chinandega (Volcan de Chinandega); Madriz (San
Juan); Zelaya (Rfo Escondido); Jinotega. Goodwin,
1942:113 NICARAGUA: (type locality, Grey-
town; "found [in New York, 11 January 1895] in
a bunch of bananas in unloading a fruit steamer
from a Central American port, most likely Colon
. . ." [J. A. Allen, 1900b: 194]; "subsequently fixed
as Greytown [= San Juan del Norte]," Nicaragua
[Hershkovitz, 1997:56]); HONDURAS. Hall and
Kelson, 1959:11 distribution in Middle America.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
131
Yates and Froehlich, 1984:512 HONDURAS:
Gracias a Dios (Rfo Platano Biosphere Reserve).
Hershkovitz, 1997:52, 85-87 COLOMBIA: An-
tioquia (Alto Bonito; Bellavista); Caldas (Rio Hon-
do, Samana); Chocd (Bagado; Condoto; Rio Sando,
Rfo Baudo; Rfo Docampado; Novita); Valle del
Cauca (Rfo Frfo; Buenaventura; Buenaventura, 28
km NE; Rfo Raposo; Cali; Rfo Cauca [see Cali));
Cauca (Rfo Saija, boca; Cocal); ECUADOR: Man-
abi(Rio Pescado; Rfo de Oro); Guayas (Guayaquil;
Rfos Chimbo-Coco; Bucay, Rfo Chimbo; Ventura,
Rfo Chanchan; Puente de Chimbo |now in Chim-
borazo]); El Oro (El Chiral; Pifias; Salvias); Loja
(Punta Santa Ana; Cebollal |= Seboyal]). Patton
and da Silva, 1997:102 PANAMA: Bocas del
Toro (Old Point, Isla Bastimentos; Isla Popa, 1 km
SE of Deer Island Channel). Patton et al., 2000:
82 PANAMA: Bocas del Toro (Old Point, Isla
Bastimentos; Isla Popa, 1 km SE of Deer Island
Channel).
Metachirus fuscogriseus pallidas: J. A. Allen, 1901b:
213 MEXICO: Veracruz-Llave (type locality,
Orizaba; holotype, male, skin and skull, USNM
51858, collected 24 January 1894 [not 24 June
1894 as in original description] by E. W. Nelson
and E. A. Goldman); Veracruz-Llave (Motzoron-
go); Oaxaca (Tuxtepec); Puebla (Metlaltoyuca);
Tabasco (Montecristo [= Monte Cristo]; Frontera
[= Alvaro Obregon]; Teapa); Chiapas (Huehuetan;
La Chicharras [= Las Chicharras]).
[Holothylax fuscogriseus] pallidus: Cabrera, 1919:
47 classification.
Metachirops opossum pallidus: Goodwin, 1934:4
GUATEMALA; distribution. Davis, 1994:375
MEXICO: Veracruz-Llave (Boca del Rfo).
Philander opossum pallidus: Allen, 1901b:215-
216 MEXICO: Veracruz-Llave (Orizaba). Good-
win, 1934:5 GUATEMALA: Aha Verapaz (Finca
Sepacuite); San Martin (Finca Carolina). Suchite-
pequez (Finca Cipres). Villa, 1949:497 MEXICO:
Chiapas (Mapastepec). Dalquest, 1953:19 MEX-
ICO: San Luis Potosi (El Salto; Xilitla). Baker,
1951:207 MEXICO: Tamaulipas (Ciudad Victo-
ria, 70 km S; El Carrizo, 2 km W, 757 m). Hall
and Kelson, 1959:11 distribution. Hall and Dal-
quest, 1963:195 MEXICO: Veracruz-Llave (dis-
tribution, near sea level to 1697 m above). Alvarez,
1963:394 MEXICO: Tamaulipas (E slope Sierra
Madre Oriental, not precisely located; La Purfsma,
7 km SW; Rancho Pano Ayucutle, 6 mi N of Go-
mez Farias, 25 mi N of El Mante; El Encino; El
Carrizo).
Metachirus grisescens J. A. Allen, 1 901 b:21 7 CO-
LOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (type locality, "Rio
Cauca"; holotype, female, skin and skull, AMNH
15072, collected June 1888 by J. H. Batty. Good-
win, 1953:227.
[Metachirops] grisescens: Matschie, 1916:268 clas-
sification.
[Holothylax grisescens[ grisescens: Cabrera, 1919:
47 classification.
Metachirus opossum grisescens: J. A. Allen, 1916a:
201 COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca (Rfo Frfo).
Philander opossum grisescens: Goodwin, 1953:227
classification. Perez- Hernandez (not J. A. Allen),
1989:373 VENEZUELA: Barinas (La Lengueta,
SE Barinas; Guayquitas; Cafio Anaru, "Las Boni-
tas," 22 km NE Guasdalito; Las Bonitas; Ticopo-
ro); Apure (Nulita); Tdchira (La Ponchera); Trujillo
(Motatan; Rio Motatan; El Dividivf); Zulia (Encon-
trados; Alguacil; Churulf; Puerto Catatumbo); Me-
rida (Zea; Bejuquero; Carlo Tigre, Zea; Mina Car-
bon, Zea).
Metachirus opossum melantho Thomas, 1923c:602
COLOMBIA: Chocd (type locality, Condoto, 300
ft [= 90 m]; holotype, young adult male, skin and
skull, BMNH 1914.5.28.30, collected 1 February
1914 by G. F Spurrell).
Metachirus opossum melanurus Thomas, 1 899b:
285 ECUADOR: Imbabura (type locality, Par-
amba [= Hacienda Paramba], Rfo Mira, western
Ecuador, 1100 m; holotype, old male, skin and
skull BMNH 1897.1 1.7.61; collected 1 1 April 1897
by W. F. H. Rosenberg). Lonnberg, 1913:36 EC-
UADOR: Pichincha (Gualea). J. A. Allen, 1912:
73 COLOMBIA: Cauca (Cocal); J. A. Allen,
1916:116, 201 COLOMBIA: Cauca (Cocal);
Chocd (Bagado); Antioquia (Alto Bonito). Cabrera,
1958:35 part.
[Metachirops] melanurus: Matschie, 1916:268 clas-
sification.
[Holothylax opossum] melanurus: Cabrera, 1919:
48 classification.
Metachirops opossum melanurus: Lonnberg, 1921:
68 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Gualea).
Philander opossum melanurus: Cabrera, 1958:35.
Hershkovitz, 1997:51, 86 ECUADOR: Limon,
not located; Esmeraldas (Cachavi, Rfo Cachavf;
Carondelet; San Javier; Esmeraldas; Quininde [=
Rfo Quininde]); Imbabura (Paramba); Pichincha
(Rfo Caonf; Gualea; Mindo).
P[hilander] o[possum] melanurus: Baker, 1974:135
ECUADOR: Esmeraldas (Quininde).
Metachirus canus Osgood, 191 3b:96 PERU: San
Martin (type locality, Moyobamba; holotype, male,
skin and skull, FMNH 19347; collected 4 August
1912 by W. H. Osgood and M. P. Anderson). Os-
good, 1914b: 148 PERU: San Martin (Moyob-
amba).
[Metachirops] canus: Matschie, 1916:268 classifi-
cation.
[Holothylax grisescens] canus: Cabrera, 1919:47
classification.
Metachirus opossum canus: Thomas, 1927a:372
PERU: San Martin (Rioja; Moyobamba; Yurac
Yacu). Thomas, 1927b:606 PERU: Hudnuco
(Tingo Maria, 2000 ft [= 625 m]). Thomas, 1928a:
264 PERU: Ucayali (Cumerfa [= Cumarfa], 1000
ft [= 300 m]; Chicosa, 1000 ft [= 300 m]; San
Jeronimo [now in Loreto], 500 ft [= 150 m]).
M[etachirus] o[possum] canus: Thomas, 1928b:294.
Philander opossum canus: Sanborn, 1949:277
PERU: Ucayali (Yarinacocha). Sanborn, 1951b:2
PERU: Cusco (Hacienda Cadena). Patton and da
Silva, 1997:102 BRAZIL: Acre (Fazenda Santa
Fe [= Flora], left bank Rfo Jurua; Seringal Ociden-
te, right bank Rfo Jurua); Amazonas (Nova Empre-
sa, left bank Rfo Jurua). Anderson, 1997:162 BO-
LIVIA: Beni (Nicolas Suarez Isalnd, Rfo Mamore,
near Guayaramerin; Guayaramerin; Guayaramerin,
5 km S; Riberalta; Buena Hora, 6 km S; Rfo Ma-
more; Puerto Siles; Camino Vilches, San Joaqufn;
132
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
San Pablo; Exaltacion, 8 km N; Boroica; Barran-
quita; Piedras Blancas; Exaltacion; San Ramon;
Magdalena; Palacios, 4 km SE; Puerto Caballo; El
Carmen; Espiritu; Yacuma, 45 km N; Santa Rosa;
Rurrenabaque; Rio Ibare, mouth; Rio Ibare, 24 km
from mouth; Rio Ibary, 27 km from mouth; Cas-
arabe; San Ignacio de Moxos; Rfo Tijamuchi; Cam-
iaco; Alto Beni, not located; Arruda; Centenela;
Mamore; Santo Dios); Cochabamba (Rio Ichilo);
La Paz (Rio Beni); Pando (Agua Dulce; Rio Na-
reuda; Bella Vista; Independencia; Isla Gargantua);
Santa Cruz (Aserradero Moira, km 7 E; Pajaral;
Ascencion de Guarayos; Ascencion, 6 km W; Los
Palmares; Rfo Mamore; Totaitu; Yapacani; San Ra-
mon, 10 km N; Estancia Cachuela Esperanza; Pal-
marito; Santa Rosa, 7 km N; Montero, SE of; San
Miguel Rincon; Tocomechi; Buenavista; Warnes;
Santa Rosita; La Belgica, 2 km S; Hamecas; Co-
toca, 2 km SE; El Palmar road; Santa Cruz de la
Sierra; El Palmar; Ayacucho; Santa Cruz, 15 km S;
Santa Cruz, 15 km SW; Santiago, Chiquitos; Tita).
Patton et al., 2000:81-82 BRAZIL: Acre (Oci-
dente, right bank Rio Jurua; Ocidente, opposite, left
bank Rfo Jurua; Igarape Porongaba, right bank Rfo
Jurua; Flora [= Fazenda Santa Fe], left bank Rfo
Jurua; Nova Vida, rigtht bank Rfo Jurua; Sobral,
left bank Rfo Jurua); Amazonas (Sacado, right bank
Rfo Jurua; Igarape Nova Empresa, left bank Rfo
Jurua).
Metachirus opossum azaricus Thomas, 1923c:604
PARAGUAY: Paraguari (type locality, Sapucay
[= Sapucaf]; holotype, female, skin and skull,
BMNH 1903.2.3.36; collected 8 August 1892 by
W. Foster).
Met[achirops] opossum azaricus: Krumbiegel, 1941b:
203, 206 PARAGUAY: Central (Lapango); BO-
LIVIA: Santa Cruz (San Ramon).
Philander opossum azaricus: Cabrera, 1958:34. Kan-
tis, 1963:54 ARGENTINA: Chaco (Rfo de Oro,
boca); Misiones (San Pedro). Crespo, 1974:3 AR-
GENTINA: Chaco (Rfo de Oro, boca); Misiones
(Fracran, San Pedro).
Metachirus opossum crucialis Thomas, 1923e:604
BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (type locality, Santa Cruz
de la Sierra; holotype, female, skin [originally
mounted] and skull, BMNH 1847.11.22.15, col-
lected by Thomas Bridges).
Philander opossum subspecies nov.: Perez-Hernan-
dez, 1990:373, 377 VENEZUELA: Monagas
(Cerro Papelon); Delta Amacuro Territorio Federal
(Tobesobe, Guayo; Los Giiires; Guiniquina).
Hershkovitz, 1997:52, 90 VENEZUELA: Trujillo
(Agua Viva).
Philander opossum subspecies: Hershkovitz, 1997:
90 VENEZUELA: Zulia (Puerto Catatumbo; Rfo
de Oro, boca; Alguacil; Churulf; Encontrados);
Delta Amacuro Territorio Federal (Los Giiires; To-
besobe; Guiniquina); Merida (Merida); Barinas
(Ticoporo; Guaquitas; Las Bonitas, Cano Amaru;
La Lengueta); Apure (Nulita; La Blanquita); Tdch-
ira (La Ponchera); Trujillo (Motatan; Rfo Motatan;
Agua Viva; El Dividivf).
Philander\T\ opossum subspecies: Perez-Hernandez,
1989:373 VENEZUELA: Monagas (Cerro Pape-
lon). Hershkovitz, 1997:90 VENEZUELA: Mon-
agas (Cerro Papelon).
Type Name based on Seba's (1734) "Philan-
der Opassum, sive Carigueja, Brasiliensis mas,"
and "Philander, Americanus, sive Carigueja, cum
catulus, sacrum bentris intrantibus foemina^ '; the
female, RMNH 25421, in alcohol, designated lec-
totype by Hershkovitz (1976), is preserved in the
Rijksmuseum van Naturlijke Historie, Leiden.
Type Locality "America," restricted to Su-
riname by J. A. Allen, 1900b: 195, and further re-
stricted to Paramaribo, Suriname, by Matschie,
1916:261.
Distribution (Figs. 82 and 83) From Tamau-
lipas, Mexico, through Central and South America
to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.
Additional Records MEXICO: Tamaulipas;
El Mante (Schaldach, 1954, KU); Rfo Sabinas, 10
km N of El Encino (Schaldach, 1954, KU);
Ocampo (Clifton, 1965, KU); La Purfsma (Dal-
quest, 1946, KU); San Luis Postosi; El Salto Falls
(Stock, 1963, USNM); Valles (Shaw, 1946,
LSUMZ); Huichihuyan (Dalquest, 1950, LSUMZ);
Veracruz-Llave; Tuxpan (Lee, 1960, KU); Tihu-
atlan (Bodley, 1961, KU; Clifton, 1961, KU); Pa-
pantla (Nelson, 1898, USNM); San Marcos (Dal-
quest, 1947, KU); Teocelo (Dalquest, 1949, KU);
Veracruz-Llave, Perez (Friesser, 1903, USNM);
Fortin (Dalquest, 1946, KU); Rfo Atoyac (Dal-
quest, 1946, KU); Potrero (Dalquest, 1946, KU;
Sumichrast, USNM); Potrero Viejo, 5 km W of
Potrero (Dalquest, 1946, KU); Cordoba, 3 mi SE
of Yongas (Cutter, 1956, KU); Rfo Seco, near
Cordoba (Sumichrast, 1866, USNM); Rfo Blanco,
20 km WNW of Piedras Negras (Dalquest, 1946,
KU); San Andres Tuxtla (Dalquest, 1948, KU;
Parker-Robinson, 1959, UMMZ); Catemaco (Nel-
son, 1891, USNM); La Jimba [= Jimba] (Dal-
quest, 1947, KU); Tenochtitlan (Lackey, 1968,
UMMZ); Achotal (Heller, 1904, FMNH); Jesus
Carranza (Dalquest, 1948, 1949, KU); Chichicaf-
te, not located (Nelson, 1894, USNM); Oaxaca;
Metates, SSW of Sierra Juarez (Campbell, 1981,
KU); Matfas Romero, S of (Straney, 1977, MVZ);
Tapanatepec (Musser, 1962, UMMZ); Tabasco;
Miramar (Woods, 1960, LSUMZ); La Venta (We-
ber, 1943, USNM); Cardenas (Dickerman, 1955,
KU); Villa Hermosa (Duellman, 1958, UMMZ);
Balancan (Lay, 1960, LSUMZ); Macuspana, 19
km N, 5 mi SW (Dickerman, 1955, KU); Chia-
pas; Palenque (Kuns, 1949, FMNH); Tuxtla Gu-
tierrez (Dickerman, 1955, KU); Finca Ocuilapa,
10 km S of Tonala (Huckaby, 1969, UMMZ); El
Talisman [= Talisman] (Smith, 1965, KU); Cam-
peche; Escarcega, 65 km S, 128 km E Clanton,
1963, KU); La Tuxpena [= Chompoton] (Shu-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
133
110
100
Fig. 82. Distribution of Philander opossum in Central America: from Tamaulipas. Mexico, south through Panama.
See Figure 83 for distribution in South America, o = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in
published records.
feldt, 1912, USNM); Yucatan; Tekom (Sanderson.
1940, FMNH); Hacienda de Carmen, not located
(Rice, USNM); GUATEMALA: Peten; Uaxactun
(Murie, 1931, UMMZ); Parque Nacional Tikal
(McLean and Navin, 1983, 1987, USNM); La
Libertad [= Libertad] (Malleis, 1923, USNM);
Alta Verapaz; Chinaja (Jones, Jr., 1960, KU); Iza-
bal; El Estor-Los Dantas (Koford, 1978, MVZ);
Bobos (Schmidt, 1933, FMNH); Los Amates
(Heller and Barber, 1905, FMNH); El Progresso;
San Agustin, Aldea Puerto Golpe (McLean, 1983,
USNM); Esquintla; Finca El Salto, 1 mi E of Es-
quintla (Lawler, 1967, UMMZ); Guanagazapa
(McLean, 1984, USNM); Masagua, Finca Santil-
lana del Esquintla (McLean, 1984, USNM); Con-
cepcion del Mar (Blake, 1934. FMNH); Santa
Rosa; Finca El Progresso (De La Torre, 1951,
UMMZ); Jutiapa; Laguna de (= Lago) Atesca-
tempa (Handley, Jr., 1947, USNM); Baja Verapaz
[probably Alta Verapaz]; Astillero (Bee, 1955,
KU); BELIZE: Gallon Jug, Orange Walk District
(Lancaster, 1956, LSUMZ); Belize (Murie. 1931,
UMMZ); Cayo District; Cayo (Murie, 1931,
UMMZ); Cayo; Mt. Pine Ridge, S of Cayo (Mu-
rie, 1931, UMMZ); Central Farm (Disney, 1964,
USNM); Stann Creek District; Pomona, 4 mi E
(Dennett, Jr., 1956, LSUMZ); HONDURAS: Cor-
tes; San Pedro, near Lago Ticamaya (Schmitt and
Walters. 1923, FMNH); Gracias a Dios; Patuca
(Perry, USNM); Valle; Coray (McLean, 1984,
USNM); Nacaome, Rio de Coray (McLean, 1983,
USNM); EL SALVADOR: Ahuachapdn; Barra de
Santiago Ahuachapan (Stirton, 1927, MVZ); Son-
sonate; Hacienda Chilata (Hildebrand, 1942,
MVZ); Usulutdn; Puerto del Triunfo (Stirton,
1925, 1926, MVZ); San Miguel; Rio San Miguel
(Stirton, 1926, MVZ); Lago Olomega (Marshall
Jr.. 1942. MVZ; Stirton, G. D., 1925, MVZ; Stir-
ton, R. A., 1942, MVZ); Morazdn; Divisadero, 2
mi N (Stirton, 1926, MVZ); NICARAGUA: Nue-
va Segovia; Jalapa (Schlitter, 1967, KU; Geno-
ways, 1967, KU); Jinotega; Hacienda La Trampa,
16 km NE Jinotega (Clark, 1964, KU); Chinan-
dega; Cosigiiina (Smith, 1968, KU); Hacienda
San Isidro, El Realejo. 10 km S of Chinandega
(Clark. 1963. USNM; 1963, KU); Managua; Ma-
nagua (Alcorn, 1956, KU); Finca America, Ma-
nagua (Boshell, 1953, USNM); Sabana Grande
(Choate, 1968, KU; Genoways, 1968, KU; Jones.
Jr.. 1964, 1968. KU; Kirsch. 1968, KU; Lawler,
134
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
>y
90 80
Fig 83 Distribution of Philander opossum in South America: from northern South America south through north-
eastern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. See Figure 82 for distribution in Central America, o = localities
from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
135
1964, KU; Phillips, 1968, KU); Hacienda Aza-
cualpa, 5 km NW of Villa El Carmen (Clark,
1964, KU; Clark, 1964, USNM); Matagalpa;
Santa Maria de Ostuma (Genoways, 1966, KU;
Schlitter, 1966, KU; Turner, 1966, KU); Hacienda
Tepeyac, near Matagalpa (Clark, 1964, USNM;
Clark, 1964, KU); Esquipulas (Choate, 1968,
KU); Hacienda Tepello, not located (Clark, 1963,
USNM); Boaco; Teustepe (Choate, 1968, KU;
Kirsch, 1968, KU; Phillips, 1968, KU); Cholute-
ca; Diriamba (Choate, 1968, KU; Genoways,
1968, KU); Granada; Mecatepe, 2 km N, 1 1 km
E of Nandaime (Clark, 1964, KU; Clark, 1964,
USNM); La Calera, W of Nandaime (Clark, 1964,
KU; Clark, 1964, USNM); Rivas; Finca Amayo,
SE of Rivas (Clanton, 1963, KU; Jones, Jr., 1964,
KU; Lawler, 1966, KU); Sapoa (Turner, 1966,
KU); Ometepe (Nutting, 1983, USNM); Zelaya;
Bonanza (Clark, 1964, KU; Clark, 1963, USNM);
Rfo Kurinwas [= Rib Curinhuas] (Correra, 1967,
USNM); Rfo Siquia (Allen, 1935, UMMZ); El
Recreo (Choate, 1968, KU; Clanton, 1963,
USNM; Clanton, 1963, KU; Smith, 1968, KU);
Cara de Mond, (Phillips, 1968, KU); Rio San
Juan; La Esperanza (Clark, 1965, KU; Clark,
1965, USNM); COSTA RICA: El Sance Peralta,
not located (Underwood, 1931, USNM); Alajuela;
San Carlos (Smith, 1934, FMNH); Villa Quesada
(Smith, 1934, FMNH); Puntarenas; Monteverde,
Rfo Guacimal (Brown, 1966, UMMZ); Guana-
caste; Hacienda Santa Maria (Smith, 1932,
UMMZ); Finca Jimenez (Hooper, 1966, UMMZ);
San Jose; Monterrey, 22 km S of San Jose (Wille,
1947, KU); Santa Ana (McPherson, 1970,
LSUMZ); San Ignacio (Underwood, 1931,
USNM); Santa Juana, 10 km NE of Quepos (Wil-
le, 1947, KU); Savanillas de Pirns, not located
(Underwood, 1931, FMNH); Heredia; Puerto
Viejo, Rio Sarapiqui (Musser, 1962, UMMZ);
Cartago; Pacuare, Rfo Pacuare (Gardner, 1967,
LSUMZ; Zeladon, 1876, 1884, USNM); Turrialba
(Hall, 1947, KU; Musser, 1962, UMMZ; Torres,
1947, KU); PANAMA: Bocas del Toro; Chan-
guinola (Handley, Jr., 1960, USNM; Hinds, 1960,
USNM); Boca del Drago (Handley, Jr., 1960,
USNM); Isla Colon (Greenwell, 1988, USNM;
Handley, Jr., 1960, USNM); Cayo Nancy (Green-
well, 1988, USNM); Almirante (Handley, Jr.,
1960, USNM); Isla Bastimentos (Handley, Jr.,
1962, USNM; Hinojosa, 1987, USNM; Jacobs,
1987, USNM); Isla San Cristobal (Greenwell,
1989, USNM); Tierra Oscura (Greenwell, 1989,
USNM); Cayo de Agua (Greenwell, 1990,
USNM; Handley, 1962, USNM); Penfnsula Val-
iente, Punta Alegre (Greenwell, 1990, USNM);
Penfnsula Valiente, Quebrada Hido (Greenwell,
1990, USNM); Nun (Greenwell, 1993, USNM;
Handley, Jr., 1993, USNM); Rfo Changena Camp
(Handley, Jr., 1962, USNM; Keenan, 1961,
USNM); Tabori, not located (Greenwell, 1983,
USNM); Chiriqui; El Volcan, 14.5 km NW of
Finca Santa Clara (Enders, 1971, 1972, 1973,
USNM); Progreso (Greenwell, 1966, USNM);
Bugaba (Julatson, 1911, USNM); Puerto Armuel-
les (Greenwell, 1966, USNM); Veraguas; Isla
Gobernadora (Tyson, 1962, USNM); Isla Cebaco
(Tyson, 1965, USNM); Code; El Valle (Enders,
1957, USNM; Keenan, 1954, USNM; Wislocki,
1955, USNM); Colon; Salud (1957, USNM);
Coco Solo (1955, USNM); Camp Pina, Fort Sher-
man (1955, 1956, USNM; Keenan, 1956, USNM);
Cristobal (Fleming, 1966, 1967, USNM); Fort Da-
vis (Beauregard, 1953, USNM; Enders, 1930,
UMMZ; Keenan, 1952, 1955, USNM; Setzer,
1953, USNM); Gatun, Rfo Indio (Goldman, 191 1,
USNM); Isla Puma (1956, USNM); Lago Gatun
(Gardner, 1973, LSUMZ); Bohio Penfnsula (Wil-
son, USNM); Buena Vista Penfnsula (Pine, 1972,
USNM); Gamboa, 5 mi NE (Koford, 1952,
MVZ); Gamboa (Setzer, 1953, USNM); Panama;
Bruja Point (Enders, 1930, USNM); Pina (Keen-
an, 1960, USNM); Juan Mina [Juan Mina Sta-
tion]; Tabernilla (Goldman, 1911, USNM); Rfo
Mandinga (Keenan, 1957, USNM); Madden Road
(Keenan, 1955, USNM); Empire (Enders, 1957
USNM; Goldman, 1912, USNM); Cocoli (1956
USNM); Curundu (Keenan, USNM); Albrook
Field (Field, 1954, USNM; Setzer, 1953, USNM)
Albrook (Keenan, 1954, USNM); Rodman Naval
Ammunition Depot (Fleming, 1967, UMMZ)
Balboa (Fleming, 1966, 1967, USNM); Isla Bue
naventura, not located (Goldman, 1911, USNM)
La Zumbadora [= Cerro Azul] (1956, 1957, 1958
USNM; Handley, Jr., 1957, USNM; Keenan
1956, USNM); Chepo (Field, 1954, USNM); Cer-
ro Campana (Enders, 1955, USNM); Darien
Jaque (Greenwell, 1966, USNM); Los Santos
Cerro Hoya (Handley, Jr., 1962, USNM); CO-
LOMBIA: Valle del Cauca; Alto Rfo Anchicaya
(Simons, 1981, USNM); ECUADOR: Imbabura
Intag, Penaherra (Hershkovitz, 1934, UMMZ)
Carchi; La Concepcion (Hershkovitz, 1934
UMMZ); Los Rios; Vinces (McLean, 1974
USNM); Hacienda Santa Teresi (McLean, 1974
USNM); Puebloviejo (McLean, 1974, USNM)
Lima Pareja (McLean, 1975, USNM); El Papayo
(McLean, 1975, USNM); Manabi; La Papaya, not
located (Mena, 1942, FMNH); El Oro; Moromoro
136
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
(Gardner, 1976, USNM); PERU: Ucayali; Sha-
hufa, Rio Ucayali, opposite Cumaria (Hendee,
1927, AMNH); Amazonas; Chiriaco, 43 km NE
(Graham, 1978, LSUMZ); Madre de Dios; Reser-
va Cuzco Amazonico, 14 km from Puerto Mal-
donado (Hooper, Jr., 1990, KU; Woodman, 1989,
KU); Rio La Torre, boca, S bank Rio Tambopata
(Barkley, 1979, LSUMZ); Lago Sandoval, Rio
Madre de Dios (Patton, 1979, MVZ); VENEZUE-
LA: Zulia; Cerro Azul, near (Keenan, 1956,
USNM; Handley, 1957, 1958, USNM); El Rosa-
rio (Smithsonian- Venezuelan Expedition, 1968,
USNM); Aragua; Rancho Grande (Rood, 1960,
UMMZ); GUYANA: Pomeroon-Supenaam; Pom-
eroon (1933, USNM); FRENCH GUIANA: Cay-
enne; Sinnamarey (Hershkovitz notes); BRAZIL:
Amapd; Rio Amapari, Serra do Navio (Dente,
1964, LSUMZ); Ferrovia Amapa, 192 km Serra
do Navio, not located (Dente, 1964, LSUMZ);
Para; Oriximina (1976, USNM); Mato Grosso;
Limao, Rio Jurua (Hibbs, 1965, USNM); Cuiaba
(Hibbs, 1965, USNM); Mato Grosso do Sul; Cor-
umba, Rio Paraguay (Kuns, 1965, USNM); Dour-
ados (Kuns, 1965, USNM); Districto Federal;
Guara, gallery, not located (Hershkovitz, 1997,
notes). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz; Cordillera Basilio
(Becerra, 1966, USNM); PARAGUAY: Concep-
cion; Rio Aquidaban, Paso Horqueta (Creighton,
1979, UMMZ); Aca Poi (Wharton, 1950, USNM);
Cordillera; Tobati, 12 km N (Myers, 1973,
MVZ); Central; Luque, 17 km E (Koford, 1972,
MVZ; Myers, 1976, UMMZ); ARGENTINA:
Formosa; Estancia Linda Vista (see also Riacho
Pilaga), NNE Formosa (Creighton, 1980,
UMMZ).
Genus Thylamys Gray, 1843
Sarigua, Muirhead, 1819:429 part, S. pusilla listed
among included species.
Thylamys Gray, 1843:xxiii, 101 type species, Thy-
lamys elegans [= Didelphis elegans Waterhouse]
by monotypy. Thomas, 1888b:340 type species,
Didelphis elegans Waterhouse. Matschie, 1916:
262, 266, 271 taxonomy. Miranda Ribeiro, 1936:
386 taxonomy. Reig, 1958:274 (footnote) rec-
ognized as a valid subgenus equivalent to the ele-
gans and microtarsus groups of Tate.
Type Species Thylamys elegans [Didelphis
elegans Waterhouse, 1839] by monotypy.
Distribution (Fig. 84) Peru south to Chile
west of the Andes, east of the Andes from Bolivia
to Argentina, Paraguay, and scattered locations in
eastern and western Brazil.
Thylamys elegans (Waterhouse, 1839)
1 839:95 hortensis
1844:154 CHILE:
-CHILE. Gardner,
Didelphis elegans Waterhouse,
Reid in synonymy. Bridges,
Aconcagua. Gay, 1847:84-
1993:23 listed.
Didelphys elegans: Waterhouse, 1 84 1 : 1 06 CHILE:
Valparaiso. Baird, 1855:155 CHILE: Valparaiso
(Colchagua [= Cachagua]). Thomas, 1888b:352
part, CHILE: Aconcagua; Valparaiso.
Micoureus elegans: Lesson, 1842:186 classification.
Thylamys elegans: Gray, 1843:101 CHILE: Valpa-
raiso. Gerrard, 1862:140 CHILE.
Marmosa elegans: Thomas, 1902c: 158, 160
CHILE: Valparaiso. Wolffsohn and Porter, 1908:
69 CHILE: Valparaiso (Quillota). Kreig, 1925:
169 CHILE. Reig et al., 1977:21 1 CHILE: Val-
paraiso (Cachagua, 3 km S). Pine et al., 1979:
340 CHILE: Tarapacd (Belen; Chapiquina;
Tignamar; Zapahuira); Maule (Cerro Robles); Val-
paraiso (Penuelas Forest Preserve, 7 km E of Las
Tablas); Santiago (Bocatoma [= Lo Valdes]; Em-
balse Huechun; Las Condes; Rio Colorado, 30 km
E of Guayacan); Atacama (Mina Altamira; Cordil-
leras del Transito near Vallenar); Coquimbo (Ilia-
pel; Los Vilos); Los Lagos (Rio Maule, junction of
Rio Claro).
M[armosa] elegans: Wolffsohn, 1921:512 CHILE.
[Marmosa] elegans: Wolffsohn, 1923:160 CHILE:
Valparaiso (Valparaiso; Quilpue).
[Marmosa (Thylamys) elegans] elegans: Cabrera,
1 9 1 9:40 classification.
Marmosa elegans elegans: Tate, 1933:214 CHILE:
Valparaiso (La Cruz; Limache; Papudo; Longato-
ma; Quilpue; Olmue; Calera [= La Calera], Lagu-
na); Santiago (coast hills, not located; La Cruz; Pu-
ente Alto, Rio Maipo). Osgood, 1943:44 CHILE:
Valparaiso (near Calera [= La Calera]; Longato-
ma; Papudo; Limache; Olmue; Palmilla [= La Pal-
milla]); Santiago (La Cruz); O'Higgins (Palos Que-
mados). Mann, 1950:5 CHILE: Tarapacd.
M[armosa] elegans elegans: Schneider, 1946:68
CHILE: Concepcion.
Marmosa (Thylamys) elegans: Reig et al., 1972:37
CHILE: Valparaiso (Cachagua).
Didelphys soricina R. A. Philippi, 1894:36 CHILE:
Los Lagos (type locality, Valdivia; holotype, very
young, skin mounted with skull in Museo Nacional
de Chile, collected by R. A. Philippi). Gardner,
1993:23 listed.
[Peramys] soricina: Trouessart, 1898:1244 classifi-
cation.
[Dromiciops] soricina: Matschie, 1916:271 classi-
fication.
Dromictops soricina Cabrera: 1958:30 incorrect
subsequent spelling in synonymy of Marmosa ele-
gans soricina Philippi, p. 29.
Didelphys (Paramys) soricina: Cabrera, 1958:29 in-
correct subsequent spelling in synonymy of Mar-
mosa elegans soricina Philippi.
Marmosa elegans soricina: Tate, 1933:216 CHILE:
Araucania (Angol [now in Malleco]).
Marmosa elegans coquimbensis Tate, 1931:14
CHILE: Coquimbo (type locality, Paiguano, 1000
m; holotype, female, skin and skull, FMNH 23302,
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
137
Thylamys
Fig. 84. Distribution of the genus Thylamys: west of the Andes in Peru and Chile: southern Bolivia through
Argentina and Paraguay, and east-central Brazil south to the state of Parana.
138
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20'
30'
40
50
1 j
1
t
1* 1
-) (
\ # 1
hi
Thylamys elegans
500 1000 1500 km
90 80 70" 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 85. Distribution of Thylamys elegans: Chile, west of the Andes. = localities given in published records.
collected 20 June 1923 by C. C. Sanborn). Gardner,
1993:23 listed.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH
53.8.29.18; collected by Charles Darwin, accord-
ing to Waterhouse in October, but Darwin reached
Valparaiso 11 March 1835 and left on horseback
for Coquimbo 27 April 1835.
Type Locality Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.
Distribution (Fig. 85) Chile.
Thylamys macrura (Olfers, 1818)
Micoure a queue longue Azara, 1801:290 descrip-
tion.
Micoure nain Azara, 1801:304 description.
Colilargo Azara, 1802:251. Azara, 1809:289 char-
acters.
Enano Azara, 1802:262 description.
Micoure sixieme, ou Micoure nain Azara, 1801:304
description.
[Didelphys] macrura Illiger, 1815:107 nomen nu-
dum. Olfers, 1818:205 based on micoure a queue
longue of Azara. Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
Thylamys macrura: Palma, 1995:2 PARAGUAY:
Concepcion (Escuela Agropecuaria).
Thylamys macrurus: Anderson, 1997:163 incorrect
subsequent spelling BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz.
D[idelphis] grisea Desmarest, 1827:393 PARA-
GUAY: Central (type locality, Tapua, NE of Asun-
cion); based on the micoure a longue queue of Aza-
ra. Thomas, 1894b: 184 ARGENTINA: Corrien-
tes (Goya).
[Marmosa] grisea: Trouessart, 1898:1241 classifi-
cation.
Marmosa grisea: Bertoni, 1914:69 PARAGUAY.
Bertoni, 1939:6 PARAGUAY.
[Thylamys] grisea: Matschie, 1916:271 listed.
Grymaeomys griseus: Burmeister, 1856:83 classifi-
cation.
Holotype None designated.
Type Locality "Sudamerica," restricted by
Tate (1933:218) to "Tapoua" (= Tapua), Presi-
dente Hayes, Paraguay.
Distribution (Fig. 86) Paraguay and northern
Argentina.
Comments Based on Azara's (1801:290)
"Micoure a queue longue.''''
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
139
Fig. 86. Distribution of Thylamys macrura: Paraguay and northern Argentina. = localities given in published
records.
Thylamys pallidior (Thomas, 1902)
Grymaeomys elegans: Burmeister (not Waterhouse,
1839), 1856:83 part, figure and description of an-
imal from Mendoza.
Didelphys elegans: Burmeister (not Waterhouse,
1839), 1861:412 ARGENTINA: Mendoza. Bur-
meister, 1879:193 part, ARGENTINA: Mendoza.
Marmosa elegans: Thomas (not Waterhouse, 1839),
1902f:230 BOLIVIA: Oruro (type locality Chal-
lapata, 3700 m). Reig et al., 1977:21 1 PERU: Ar-
equipa (Arequipa); Huancavelica (Ticrapo).
[Thylamys] pallidior: Matschie, 1916:271 classifi-
cation.
Thylamys pallidior: Yensen and Tarifa, 1993:51
BOLIVIA: Oruro (Quebrada Kohuiri; Loma Jincho
Asjasta). Palma, 1995:2 BOLIVIA: Chusquisaca
(Camargo); Tarija (Serrania Sama). Mares et al.,
1996:107 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn (El Bracho;
El Cadillal; Las Mesadas; San Pedro de Colalao;
Tafi del Valle; Tapia). Mares et al., 1997: 100 AR-
GENTINA: Catamarca (Andalgala; Rib Andalgala;
Belen; Chumbicha; Minas Capillitas; Highway 62;
Quiros; Otro Cerro). Anderson, 1997: 164 BO-
LIVIA: Chuquisaca (Camargo, 68 km N); Cocha-
bamba (Jamachuma; Rodeo, 7.5 km E); La Paz (La
Paz; Huajchilla; Huajchilla, 4 km SW; Mecapaca;
Caracato; Huaraco); Oruro (Sajama; Quebrada Ko-
huir; Pazna; Challapata; Luca); Potosi (Yuruma);
Santa Cruz (Comarapa, 5 km SE); Tarija (Serrania
Sama; Iscayachi, Rio Tomayapo; Camataqui, 25
km SSE). Flores et al., 2000:327 ARGENTINA:
Catamarca (Belen; Chumbicha; Hualfin; Inmed. N
Andalgala, Rib Andalgala; Minas Capillitas; An-
dalgala, highway E of; Otro Cerro; Quiros); Jujuy
( 1 1 km E of Humahuaca, 2 km E of Pucara on road
to Cianzo; Humapuaca Barcena, 9 km NW; Abra
Pampa; Alfarcito; Casabindo; Cerro Casabindo;
Cuesta del Huron, 29 km W of Cineguillas on road
64; Curques, 24 km N of Susques on road 74; La
Quiaca, 17 km W, 3 km S; Laguna de Pozuelo;
Maimara; Mina Pirquitos, 31 SE, Sierra de Qui-
chagua; Miyuyoc; Salar Cauchari, 31 km N of Cau-
cahri; Sierra de Tilcara); Salta (Cachi, 30 km E);
Tucumdn (Amaicha del Valle, near; Pichao, Sierra
de Quilmes; Tafi del Valle); BOLIVIA: Oruro
(Challapata). Mares and Braun, 2000:36 AR-
GENTINA: Catamarca (Andalgala, N of, Rio An-
dalgala; Belen; Chumbicha; Otro Cerro; Minas
Capillitas; Quiros, Highway 62, 8 km E of junction
of Highways 1 and 62; Gualfin [probably = Hual-
fin]); Mendoza (El Sosneado, 8 km NW; Tre 40,
10.5 km W on road to Lago Diamonte; Malargue,
12.8 km E; Mendoza, 37 km N along Villavicinia
140
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Highway 4; Nacunan; Pareditas, 35 km S; Puesto
Punta de Agua; Refugio Militar Gral. Alvarado, 3
km W, not located; Salinas del Diamante R.R. Sta-
tion; Salinas del Diamante; Tunuyan, 31-32 km W;
Tunuyan, 50 km W; Uspallata, 7 km S; Valle
Grande Dike on Hwy 73; 25 de Mayo, 402 km W
on Route 150); San Juan (Castano Nuevo; Com-
plejo Astronomico El Leoncito, not located; Estan-
cia Leoncito W of Observatorio Astronomico; Jose
Marti; 17 km ESE; Quebrada de Las Flores; Tud-
cum, "Nacedero"; Villa Nueva, 9 km NW; km 514,
6 km N on Hwy 20); San Luis (Hualtaran; Parque
Provincial Sierra de las Quijadas; Paso del Rey,
Arroyo de la Canada Honda; Quebrada de Lopez,
San Francisco del Monte de Oro; Rio Gomes, 7 km
E of San Francisco del Monte de Oro; Salinas del
Bebedoro, 15 km E, 15 km SE; Varela, 12 km N);
Salta (Cachi, 30 km E); Tucumdn (El Bracho; El
Cadillal; Las Mesadas; San Pedro de Cololao);
Buenos Aires (Laguna Chasico; Vivero Chasico);
Chubut (Punta Norte; Peninsula Valdes, 3 km S;
Dolaron, ca. 200 km W; Dolaron, 280 km W; Isla
de los Pajaros; Istmo Ameghino; Puerto Lobos;
Puerto Piramides); Jujuy (Humahuaca, 1 1 km E, on
road to Cianzo; Abra Pampa; Alfarcitos; Casabin-
do; Laguna de Pozuelos; Maimara); La Pampa
(Parque Nacional Lihue Calel); La Rioja (Cerro [ =
Loma de] Famatina; La Invernada; Pagancillo; Pa-
tquia; Poterillo); Mendoza (Cacheuta; Callao, not
located; Challao; Colonia Alocar Rio Atuel; De-
saguadero; La Paz; Las Heras; Loncovaca; Lujan
de Cuyo; Nacunan; Punta del Agua; Santa Rosa;
Tunuyan; Tupungato); Neuquen (Chos Malal; Col-
Ion Cura; Las Lajas; Parque Nacional Laguna Blan-
ca; Zapala); Rio Negro (Estancia Maria Sofia; Gen-
eral Roca); San Juan (Reserva Natural Estricta El
Leoncito); San Luis (Alto Pencoso; Parque Nacion-
al Sierra de las Quijadas; Villa Valeria); Santiago
del Estero (Esteros; Lago Muyo; La Valle); Tucu-
mdn (Dique de Cadillal; El Bracho; Las Mesadas,
Trancas; Tafi del Valle; Tapia; Tucuman, 90 km
NNW). Solari, 2001 (pers. comm.) PERU: Ancash
(Huaras; Pariacoto; Chasquitambo); Lima (Meta-
cana).
Marmosa pallidior: Tate, 1933:229 BOLIVIA: Oru-
ro (Challapata); La Paz; Tarija (Estacion Yuruma
[now in Potosi]); ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Maimara;
Abra Pampa; Casabindo); Tucumdn (Tafi del Val-
le); Santiago del Estero (La Valle; Esteros); Cata-
marca (Otro Cerro; Chumbicha; Gualfin [= Hual-
fin]); La Rioja (La Invernada; Potrerillo); Mendoza
(Tupungato; Colonia Alocar, Rib Atuel); Neuquen
(Chos-Malal; Collon Cura; Las Lajas); Rio Negro
(General Roca). Yepes, 1936a:699 ARGENTI-
NA: Mendoza.
Marmosa elegans pallidior Thomas, 1902c: 159,
161 BOLIVIA: Oruro (Challapata). Thomas,
191 3a: 143 ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Maimara, 2230
m). Thomas, 1919c: 1 18 ARGENTINA: Catamar-
ca (Chumbicha). Thomas, 1919b: 135 ARGENTI-
NA: Jujuy (Abra Pampa, 3500 m; Casabindo, 4000-
4500 m). Thomas, 1920d:422 ARGENTINA: La
Rioja (La Invernada; Potrerillo; Sierra de Famati-
na). Thomas, 1 92 le:6 17 ARGENTINA: Jujuy
(Alfarcito, 2600 m). Thomas, 1926f: 195 BOLIV-
IA: Potosi (Yuruma). Thomas, 1926g:641 AR-
GENTINA: Neuquen (Chos-Malal, 805 m; Las La-
jas, 640 m; Zapala, 1062 m). Thomas, 1927d:657
ARGENTINA: Neuquen (Zapala). Thomas, 1927c:
202 ARGENTINA: Neuquen (Collon Cura). Ma-
res et al., 1981:165 ARGENTINA: Salta (Que-
brada de San Lorenzo).
M[armosa] e[legans] pallidior: Osgood, 1943:46-
47 taxonomy.
Marmosa pusilla pallidior: Cabrera, 1958:32 clas-
sification. Olrog, 1959:407 ARGENTINA: La
Rioja (Cerro Famatina [= Loma de Famatima],
3200 m); Tucumdn (Dique de Cadillal, 700 m; Las
Mesadas, Trancas, 2000 m); Jujuy (Abra Pampa,
3500 m). Olrog, 1979:9 ARGENTINA: Jujuy
(Cerro Calilegua).
Marmosa {Thylamys) pusilla pallidior: Anderson et
al., 1993:18 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz
de la Sierra [= Santa Cruz]). Collected by P. O.
Simons; PERU: Lima (Surco, near Lima).
Marmosa venusta venusta: Tate, 1933:225 PERU:
Lima (Matucana, Rio Rimac; Surco, Rfo Rimac).
Marmosa bruchi Thomas, 1 92 la:5 19 ARGENTI-
NA: San Luis (type locality, Alto Pencoso, W of
San Luis; holotype, young adult male, skin and
skull, BMNH 21.4.21.8, collected February 1914
by Carlos Bruch). Tate, 1933:231 ARGENTINA:
San Luis (Alto Pencoso); Cordoba (Villa Valeria).
Yepes, 1936b:34 ARGENTINA: La Rioja (Pa-
gancillo; Patqufa); San Luis (Alto Pencoso [para-
type]). Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
Marmosa pusilla bruchi: Cabrera, 1958:32 classifi-
cation. Olrog, 1959:407 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn
(El Bracho, 400 m); Santiago del Estero (Lago
Muyo). Contreras, 1973:215 ARGENTINA: Chu-
but (Laguna Chasico). Crespo, 1974:3 ARGEN-
TINA: Santa Cruz (Isla de los Pajaros); San Luis
(Alto Pencoso). Daciuk, 1974:23 ARGENTINA:
Santa Cruz (Isla de los Pajaros).
Marmosa elegans fenestrae Marelli, 1932:68 AR-
GENTINA: Buenos Aires (type locality, Sierra de
la Ventana; holotype presumably an individual
once living in the La Plata Zoological Garden).
Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
Marmosa pulchella: Cabrera, 1958:32 name com-
bination in synonomy of Marmosa pusilla bruchi
Thomas.
Marmosa tatei Handley, 1957:402 PERU: Ancash
(type locality, Chasquitambo, 70 m; holotype,
male, skin and skull from specimen originally pre-
served in spirits, USNM 302915; collected Decem-
ber 1955 by Jose Maria de la Barrera). Gardner,
1993:23 listed.
Note: Sergio Solari in his master's thesis in prepara-
tion recognizes M. tatei as a separate species [pers.
comm.].
Holotype Young adult male, skin and skull,
BMNH 2.2.2.116, collected 26 October 1901 by
P. O. Simons.
Type Locality Challapata, near Lake Poopo,
Oruro, Bolivia, elevation 3800 m.
Distribution (Fig. 87) Peru, Bolivia, and Ar-
gentina.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
141
Thylamys pallidior
xDs
/..
500 1000 1500 km
90
80
40
30
20
10
Fig. 87. Distribution of Thylamys pallidior: Peru. Bolivia, and Argentina. = localities given in published
records.
142
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Thylamys pusilla (Desmarest, 1804)
Didelphis pusilla: Desmarest, 1804:19. Gardner,
1993:23 listed.
Didelphis pusila: Desmarest, 1816:430 incorrect
subsequent spelling.
Sarigua pusilla: Muirhead, 1819:429 new combi-
nation.
Didelphys pusilla: Waterhouse, 1841:112 incorrect
subsequent spelling.
Peramys pusilla: Lesson, 1842:187 classification.
[Cuica] pusilla: Liais, 1872:330 classification.
M[armosa] pusilla: Thomas, 1898a:455 PARA-
GUAY.
Marmosa pusilla: Bertoni, 1914:69 PARAGUAY:
Alto Parana (Puerto Bertoni). Tate, 1933:221
ARGENTINA: Corrientes (Goya; Estancia Coropa,
Goya); Entre Rios (La Paz); Salta (40 km NNW of
Tucuman). Yepes, 1938:41 PARAGUAY; AR-
GENTINA: Entre Rios; Salta (90 km NNW of Tu-
cuman) BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul. Bertoni,
1939:6 PARAGUAY: Alto Parana (Puerto Ber-
toni; Rio Parana, not located); agilis Burmeister re-
garded as a variety. Reig et al., 1977:201 AR-
GENTINA: Buenos Aires (Vivero Chasico, Chasi-
co). Mares et al., 1981:160 ARGENTINA: Salta
(Tolloche; Cachi [now T. pallidior, see Mares and
Braun, 2000:39]). Crespo, 1928:33 ARGENTI-
NA: Entre Rios (Parque Nacional El Palmar).
Thylamys pusilla: Mares and Braun, 2000:38 AR-
GENTINA: Chaco (El Mangrullo, 20 km N and
NW and 1 1 km NE, not located); Formosa (Ingen-
iero Guillermo N. Juarez, 35 km S, Puesto Divi-
sadero); Salta (Hickman; Piquirenda Viejo, 6 km
W; Tolloche, 5 km S); Santiago del Estero (Pampa
de los Guanacos, 6 km S, 2 km E; Virgen del Valle
picnic area on Highway 64 between Santa Catalina
and La Puerta Chiquita); Corrientes (Estancia Cor-
opa, Goya; Goya); Entre Rios (La Paz); Formosa
(Parque Nacional Rio Pilcomayo). Flores et al.,
2000:328 ARGENTINA: Salta (Tolloche, 5 km S
on Vinalito Road; Piquirenda Viejo, 6 km W; Tu-
cuman, 90 km NNW; Campo Grande, 17 km E of
Santo Domingo; Departamento Capital; Dragones;
Hickman; Los Colorados, 17 km E of Santo Do-
mingo; Puesto Campo Grande, 17 km E of Santo
Domingo); Santigo del Estero (Picada de Olmos,
15 km SE, W of Los Pirpintos; Pampa de los Gua-
nacos, 6 km S, 2 km E; Estancia Guampacha; Es-
teros; Lavalle [= La Valle]; Lago Muyo; Virgen
del Valle picnic area on Highway 64 between Santa
Catalina and La Puerta Chiquita; Robles; San An-
tonio; Villa La Punta); Tucuman (Cerro Medici; El
Bracho; El Cadillal; Estacion Vipos [= Vipos]; Las
Mesadas; San Pedro de Colalao; Tapia).
Marmosa pusilla pusilla: Cabrera, 1958:33 classifi-
cation. Olrog, 1959:408 ARGENTINA: Salta
(Hickmann). Wetzel and Lovett, 1974:203 PAR-
AGUAY: Nueva Asuncion (Teniente Ochoa); Pres-
idente Hayes (Juan de Zalazar [= Fortin Juan de
Zalazarj).
Grymaeomys pusillus: Burmeister, 1856:83 classifi-
cation.
Philander pusillus: Cope, 1889:130 BRAZIL: Mato
Grosso (Chapada [= Chapada dos Guimaraes]).
Thylamys pusillus: Morando and Polop, 1997:131
ARGENTINA: Cordoba. Anderson, 1997:164
BOLIVIA: Chuquisaca (Tarabuco, 12 km N, 1 1 km
W; Padilla, 9 km N; Carandayti, 3.8 km E); Santa
Cruz (Santa Cruz de la Sierra; Puesto Perforacion;
Boyuibe, 53 km E); Tarija (Villa Montes, 8 km S
and 10 km E; Villa Montes, 35 km SE; Entre Rios;
Estancia Bolivar).
Marmosa janetta pulchella Cabrera, 1934:126 AR-
GENTINA: Santiago del Estero (type locality, Ro-
bles; holotype, female, skin and skull, Museo de
La Plata, collected by Jorge Arganarez). Gardner,
1993:23 listed.
[Didelphys] nana Illiger, 1815:107 nomen nudum.
D[idelphys] nana Olfers, in Eschwege, 1818:206
renaming of pusilla Desmarest. Gardner, 1993:23
listed.
Did[elphis] nana: Schinz, 1821:252 PARAGUAY.
[Marmosa] nana: Trouessart, 1898:1241 listed in
synonymy of Marmosa pusilla.
Marmosa marmota Thomas, 1896:footnote, pp. 313
314 name based on Didelphys marmota Oken,
1816 [a nonbinomialist, hence valid only as of
Thomas, 1896; regarded as a senior synonym of
grisea Desmarest]. Thomas, 1902c: 158 ARGEN-
TINA: Corrientes (Goya); grisea Desmarest a syn-
onym. Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
M[amosa] marmota: Thomas, 1912d:410 PARA-
GUAY: Paraguari (Sapucay [= Sapucaf]); Central
(Asuncion).
Marmosa marmota marmota: Tate, 1933:218 PAR-
AGUAY: Paraguari (Sapucay [= Sapucaf]; Cen-
tral (Asuncion); grisea Desmarest a synonym.
Marmosa citella Thomas, 191 2d:409 ARGENTI-
NA: Corrientes (type locality, Goya, 181 m; ho-
lotype, young adult male, skin and skull, BMNH
98.8.19.9, collected 25 July 1895 by R. Perrens).
Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
[Thylamys] citella: Matschie, 1916:271 listed.
Marmosa verax Thomas, 1 92 la:520 PARAGUAY:
Chaco (type locality, Misiones, W of Concepcion,
not located; holotype, female, skin and skull,
BMNH 20.12.18.34, collected 29 July 1920 and
presented by the Marquis de Wavrin). Gardner,
1993:23 listed.
Marmosa marmota verax: Tate, 1933:220 PARA-
GUAY: Chaco (Mision [= Misiones], not located;
Bermalcue, not located).
[Marmosa marmota] verax: Krumbiegel, 1941c:9
PARAGUAY: Boqueron (Esteros, Rio Pilcomayo);
ARGENTINA: Formosa (La Urbana [= Tapikiole],
Rio Pilcomayo).
Marmosa elegans: Bertoni (not Waterhouse), 1923:
51 PARAGUAY. Bertoni, 1939:6 PARAGUAY:
Central (Asuncion).
Marmosa pallidior: Tate, 1933: 229 ARGENTINA:
Salta (Tucuman, 90 km NNW; Estacion Vipos;
Tapia); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz de la
Sierra) [= Santa Cruz]); ARGENTINA: Santiago
de Estero (La Valle; Esteros; Villa Montes, not lo-
cated).
Thylamys pallidior: Mares and Braun, 2000:36 AR-
GENTINA: Salta (Tucuman, 90 km NNW).
Marmosa karimii Petter, 1968:313 BRAZIL: Per-
nambuco (type locality, Exu; holotype, male, skin
and skull, no. 1968-148, Museu National d'Histoire
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
143
Thylamys pusilla
90 80
70 60 50 40
Fig. 8
south to
1. Distribution of Thylamys pusilla: eastern and central Brazil, southern Bolivia. Paraguay, and Argentina
Rio Negro. = localities given in published records.
144
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Naturelle, Paris, collected by Dr. Y. Karimi). Pine
et al., 1970:669 BRAZIL: Mato Grosso (Xavati-
na, 264 km N). Mares et al., 1981:101 BRAZIL:
Pemambuco (Escola Agricola de Exu; Exu; Fazen-
da Guarani).
Holotype Not known to be in existence;
name based on the micoure nain of Azara.
Type Locality Saint-Ignace-Gouazou [= San
Ignacio Misiones]; southern Paraguay.
Distribution (Fig. 88) Central and eastern
Brazil, Paraguay, and southern Bolivia south to
Rio Negro, Argentina.
Thylamys velutinus (Wagner, 1842)
Didelphys velutina Wagner, 1842:360. Burmeister,
1854:142 BRAZIL: Minus Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
Pelzeln, 1883:115 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Ipane-
ma). Thomas, 1888b:352 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo.
Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
Macrodelphys velutina: Burmeister, 1856:86 BRA-
ZIL: Minas Gerais (Lagoa Santa).
[Marmosa] velutina: Trouessart, 1898:1241 classi-
fication.
[Thylamys] velutina: Matschie, 1916:271 listed.
Marmosa velutina: Tate, 1933:234 BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo (Ipanema [type]); Minas Gerais (Lagoa San-
ta). Vieira, 1949:351 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo. Vi-
eira, 1949:351 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo. Vieira,
1955:351 BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Capital, not lo-
cated; Ipanema).
Marmosa velutina velutina: Cabrera, 1958:34 clas-
sification.
Grymaeomys velutinus: Winge, 1893:29.
Peramys velutinus: Ihering, 1894:11 BRAZIL: Sao
Paulo.
Didelphys pimelura Reinhardt, 1851:5 BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais (type locality, Lagoa Santa; holotype,
male, skin mounted with skull in Copenhagen Mu-
seum no. 164). Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
[Marmosa] pimelura: Trouessart, 1898:1242 listed
in synonymy of Marmosa elegans Waterhouse.
Holotype Male, skin and skull, Vienna Zoo-
logical Museum no. 81; collected 10 June 1821
by Johann Natterer.
Type Locality Ipanema, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Distribution (Fig. 89) Southeastern Brazil.
Thylamys venustus (Thomas, 1902)
Marmosa elegans: Thomas (not Waterhouse, 1839),
1898c:4 BOLIVIA: Tarija (Caiza). Thomas (not
Waterhouse, 1839), 1900b:302) ARGENTINA:
Tucumdn (Tucuman, Dinelli, collector). Thomas,
1902a: 143 BOLIVIA: Cochabamba (Parotani).
Thomas, 1902b:230 Bolivia: Chuquisaca (Sucre).
Thylamys elegans: Heinonen and Bosso, 1994:55 (not
Waterhouse, 1839) ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Duraz-
nillar, Parque Nacional Calilegua). Mares et al.,
1996:106 ARGENTINA: Catamarca (Las Hig-
uerillas, 5 km N); Tucumdn (Aconquija; Burruya-
cu; Cafayate, 45 km S; Cerro del Campo; Cerro de
Taff Viejo; Cerro San Javier; Concepcion; El Cad-
illal; Biological Reserve at Horco Molle; 4 km W
of junction Highway 338 and road to Horco Molle;
road to San Javier; Horco Molle; La Higuera; Lu-
les; Norco, Vipos; Piedra Tendida; San Pablo; km
42, Highway 364 S of San Pedro de Colalao; San
Pedro de Colalao, 1 1 km S; San Miguel de Tucu-
man, 17 km NW; Tucuman; Villa Nougues, Vipos;
Cerro de Raco, Trancas). Mares et al., 1997:100
ARGENTINA: Catamarca (Las Higuerillas). Ca-
pllonch et al., 1997:53 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn
(Cerro de Taff Viejo; Horco Molle; Reserva Biol-
ogica de Horco Molle, cerca de la Residencia; San
Javier; Taff Viejo; Cerro de Raco; Highway 338
and road to Horco Molle [junction] on road to San
Javier; Villa Nougues).
Marmosa elegans venusta Thomas, 1902c: 159, 160
BOLIVIA: Cochabamba (Parotani); Chuquisaca
(Sucre). Osgood, 1916:200 BOLIVIA: Cocha-
bamba (Parotani). Olrog, 1959:405 ARGENTI-
NA: Salta (Aguary; Oran); Jujuy (Yuto). Mares et
al., 1981:165 ARGENTINA: Salta (Aguas Blan-
cas [= Agua Blanca]; Juntas de San Antonio; Tar-
taga). Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
Marmosa (Thylamys) elegans venusta: Anderson et
al., 1993:17 BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz (Vermejo [ =
Bermejo]; Buena Vista; Vallegrande).
[Thylamys] venusta: Matschie, 1916:271 classifica-
tion.
Thylamqs venusta: Cabrera, 1958:30 incorrect sub-
sequent spelling in synonymy of Marmosa elegans
venusta Thomas.
Marmosa venusta venusta: Tate, 1933:225 BOLIV-
IA: Cochabamba (Parotani); Chuquisaca (Sucre);
Santa Cruz ("Vermejo" [= Bermejo]).
Thylamys venustus: Hefnonen and Bosso, 1994:55
ARGENTINA: Jujuy (Duraznillar, Parque Nacional
Calilegua; Aguas Negras, Parque Nacional Calile-
gua; Caimancito, Parque Nacional Calilegua; Mes-
ada de las Colmenas, Parque Nacional Calilegua;
Abra de Cafias, Parque Nacional Calilegua; Cerro
Hermosa, Parque Nacional Calilegua). Flores et al.,
2000:331 ARGENTINA: Salta (Agua Blanca, 27
km W; Angosto del Rfo Pescado; Finca Yakulica,
Angosto del Rfo Pescado; Arroyo Santelmita,
Parque Nacional Baritu; Cerro Chaguar, Parque Na-
cional Baritii); BOLIVIA: Cochabamba (Paratani).
Anderson, 1997:165 BOLIVIA: Chuquisaca (Su-
cre; Horcus; Rfo Limon; Monteagudo, 2 km SW;
Porvenir; Carandayti, 3.8 km E); Cochabamba
(Cochabamba; Vacas; Paratani; Rodeo, 7.5 km SE;
Totora, Tinkusiri, 17 km E); La Paz (Huajchilla;
Mecapaca); Oruro (Oruro; Oruro, 64 km S; Chal-
apata); Santa Cruz (Buenavista; Tambo, 2.5 km N;
Quifie [= Estancia Jahue], 6 km NNE; Quifie, 5
km NE; Vermejo; Quine [= Estancia Laja], 17 km
S; Ariruma, 7 km SE; Tita; Vallegrande, Rfo Cie-
nega, 5.5 km NNE; Vallegrande; Gutierrez; Cerro
Colorado; Cerro Itahuatica; Camiri, 10 km S); Tar-
ija (Camatindi; Camataqui, 40 km SSE; Tapecua;
Rancho Tambo; Tucumilla; Pino; Carlazo; Erquis;
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
145
20
30
40
50
Thylamys velutinus
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Fig. 89. Distribution of Thylamys velutinus: southeastern Brazil. = localities given in published records.
Entre Ribs, 5 km NNW; Tarija; Tablada; Tarija, 8
km S; Padcaya, 1 1.5 km N and 5.5 km E; Carapari,
3 km WNW; Caiza; Carapari; Yacuiba; Cuyambu-
yo, 8 km N; Cuyambuyo, 4 km N; Cuyambuyo, 3
km SE); La Paz (Palos Blancos, 2 km S, 5 km E).
Mares and Braun, 2000:39 ARGENTINA: Cata-
marca (Las Higuerillas, 5 km S on Highway 9);
Jujuy (Salta, Highway 9, campground on way to El
Carmen; El Simbolar; Laguna La Brea; El Palmar,
Sierra de Santa Barbara, E of; Highway 29, 10 km
W of Tiraxi; Highways 34 and 3, junction of; Cal-
ilegua; Caimancito; Cerro Calilegua; Jujuy; Leon;
Parque Nacional Calilegua; Sunchal, Sierra de San-
ta Barbara; Vala [= Yala]; Villa Carolina; Yuto);
Salta (Juntas de San Antonio; Oran, 15 km S and
15 km W; Agua Blanca, 24 km NW; Salta, 12 km
NW; Tartagal, 27 km E; Arroyo de los Noquez,
Parque Nacional El Rey; Campo Duran, 8 km S, 8
km E; Aguaray; Parque Nacional Baritii; Parque
Nacional El Rey); Tucumdn (Aconquija; Burruya-
cii; Cafayate, 45 km S; Cerro del Campo; Cerro de
Taff Viejo; Cerro San Javier [= Parque Biologica
Sierra de San Javier]; Concepcion; El Cadillal; Bi-
ological Reserve at Horco Molle; Highway 338 and
road to Horco Molle [junction] on road to San Ja-
vier [= Parque Biologica Sierra de San Javier];
Horco Molle; La Higuera; Lules; Norco, Vipos;
Piedra Tendida, Rio Cajon; San Pablo; Highway
354, km 42 S of San Pedro de Colalao; San Miguel
de Tucuman; San Pedro de Colalao, 11 km S; Tu-
cuman; Villa Nougues; Vipos; Cerro de Raco; Cer-
ro Medici; San Javier; Sierra [= Serra] de Tucu-
man; Taff Viejo; Estacion Vipos).
Marmosa elegans Cinderella, Thomas; 1902c: 159,
161 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn (type locality, Tu-
cuman; holotype, female, skin and skull, BMNH
0.7.9.205, collected 1 December 1899 by L. Di-
nelli). Thomas, 1918:193 ARGENTINA: Jujuy
(Leon). Thomas, 1 920a: 1 96 ARGENTINA: Jujuy
(Jujuy; Villa Carolina). Thomas, 1925:582 BO-
LIVIA: Tarija (Carapari). Thomas, 1926c:608
ARGENTINA: Tucumdn (Cerro del Campo, Bur-
ruyacu; Norco, Vipos; Cerro de Taff Viejo). Olrog,
1959:405 ARGENTINA: Tucumdn (Concepcion;
San Javier; Vipos). Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
M[armosa] e[legans] Cinderella: Osgood, 1943:46-
47 taxonomy.
Marmosa venusta Cinderella: Tate, 1933: 226 AR-
GENTINA: Tucumdn (Norco, Vipes; Villa Nouges,
San Pablo; Cerro de Taff Viejo; Concepcion; Tran-
cas; Cerro de Raco; Cerro del Campo, Burruyacii;
Sierra de Tucuman); Jujuy (Jujuy; Caimancito;
Leon); BOLIVIA: Tarija (Carapari).
[Thylamys] Cinderella: Matschie, 1916:271 listed.
Thylamys Cinderella: Flores et al., 2000:325 AR-
GENTINA: Jujuy (4 km W junction of Highways
34 and 3 on Highway 3; Caimancito; junction road
to Puesto Viejo and Highway 34, 4 km E on road
146
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
to Puesto Viejo; Jujuy; Laguna La Brea; Leon; El
Carmen, campground on Highway 9; Oyeros, 3 km
N; Santa Rita, 2 km NW; Santa Rita, 4 km NW;
Villa Carolina, Rio Lavallen; Yuto); Salta (Agu-
aray; Giiemes, Highway 34, km 1383; Playa An-
cha; Rio Mojotoro, bridge of Ferrocarril Belgrano;
San Ramon de la Nueva Oran; Tartagal, Laguna de
Las Catas); Tucumdn (Cerro de Raco; Cerro de Tafi
Viejo; Cerro del Campo; Concepcion; Finca El Ja-
giiel, 4.5 km NW road 304 on way to Requelme;
Norco-Vipos; Raco; Tucuman; Villa Nougues, San
Pablo).
Marmosa elegans sponsoria Thomas, 1921c: 186
ARGENTINA: Jujuy (type locality Sunchal, Sierra
de Santa Barbara, 1200 m; holotype, male, skin and
skull BMNH 21.1.8.85, collected 23 June 1920 by
E. Budfn). Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
Marmosa venusta sponsoria: Tate, 1933:228 AR-
GENTINA: Jujuy (Sunchal, Sierra de Santa Bar-
bara; Higuerilla; near Vala; Calilegua; Leon; Cai-
mancito).
Thylamys sponsoria: Flores et al., 2000:330 AR-
GENTINA: Jujuy (Barcena, 9 km NW; Abra de
Canas; El Monolito, Abra de Canas; Aguas Negras
Arroyo La Horqueta, 3 km SE of Laguna de Yala
Arroyo La Horqueta, 6 km SE of Laguna de Yala
Arroyo Yuto, 13 km SW of Yuto; Caimancito; Cal-
ilegua; Cerro Hermoso; El Simbolar; Higuerilla;
Mesadas de las Colmenas; Mountains W of Yala;
near Yala; Highway 29, 10 km W of Tiraxi; Palma
Sola; Parque Nacional Calilegua; Rio Blanco, 9 km
SW San Antonio; Rio Tesorero; Rio Tiraxi; Santa
Barbara; Sunchal, Sierra de Santa Barbara); Salta
(Potrerillos; Highways 50 and 18, junction, 43.7
km NW on road to Isla Canas; Rio de Las Conchas;
Rio Santa Maria; Vado de Arrazayal); Tucumdn
(Aconquija; Biological Reserve Horco Molle, near
Residencia; Cerro San Javier; Concepcion; Horco
Molle; Las Agiiitas, El Taficillo; Parque Provincial
El Cochuna; Piedra Tendida; Reserva Provincial La
Florida, 7 km from Ibatin on Rio Pueblo Viejo; San
Javier; San Javier, Estacion Biologica R. Schreiter;
San Miguel de Tucuman; Villa Nougues).
Marmosa janetta Thomas, 1926b:327 BOLIVIA:
Tarija (type locality Carlazo, 2300 m; holotype,
male, skin and skull, BMNH 26.1.1.167, collected
26 February 1925 by Emilio Budfn). Tate, 1933:
220 BOLIVIA: Tarija (Carlazo; Pino [= Pinos);
Tallada [= Tablada]). Gardner, 1993:23 listed.
M[armosa] janetta: Handley, 1956:403 BOLIVIA.
Marmosa elegans janetta: Olrog, 1959:406 ARGEN-
TINA: Tucumdn (La Higuera, Trancas); Jujuy (Yuto).
Didelphys dorsigera: Burmeister (not Linnaeus),
1879:192 part, ARGENTINA: northern Jujuy.
Holotype Female, skin and skull, BMNH
2.1.1.120, collected by P. O. Simmons.
Type Locality Parotani, Cochabamba, Boliv-
ia, 2800 m.
Remarks The genus Thylamys is under revi-
sion; some authors (Flores et al., 2000) recognize
Cinderella and sponsoria as distinct species; oth-
ers (Mares and Braun, 2000) do not. Work is on-
going.
Distribution (Fig. 90) Bolivia and northern
Argentina.
II. Order Paucituberculata
Family Caenolestidae Trouessart, 1898
Genus Caenolestes Thomas, 1895
Hyracodon Tomes, 1863:50 name preoccupied by
Hyracodon Leidy, 1 856, a genus of Perissodactyla.
Gardner, 1993:25.
Caenolestes Thomas, 1895:367 substitute name for
Hyracodon Tomes, preoccupied. Gardner, 1993:
25 listed.
Type Species Hyracodon fuliginosus Tomes,
by original designation.
Distribution (Fig. 91) Temperate zone forests
of the Andes of western Venezuela, Colombia, and
Ecuador; elevational range from approximately
2100 to 4000 m (see Albuja and Patterson, 1996).
Caenolestes caniventer Anthony, 1921
Caenolestes caniventer Anthony, 1921a:6. Albuja and
Patterson, 1996:52 ECUADOR: El Oro (El Chi-
ral); Azuay (Molleturo); PERU: Piura (Cerro Chin-
guela; "Batan" on Zapalache-Carmen Trail; Huan-
cabamba). Gardner, 1993:25 listed, synonomy.
Holotype Male, skin and skeleton, AMNH
47174; collected 2 August 1920 by Harold E. An-
thony.
Type Locality El Chiral, Cordillera Occiden-
tal, El Oro, Ecuador, 5350 ft (= 1670 m).
Distribution (Fig. 92) Western Ecuador and
northwestern Peru.
Additional Records (compiled from Patter-
son and Albuja an unpublished monograph on
shrew-opossums). ECUADOR: Pichincha; Ver-
decocha (Anthony, 1923, AMNH); Canon del Rio
Pita (AMNH); San Antonio (Tate, 1922, AMNH);
Santa Rosa above Rio Pita (AMNH); Loja; Ca-
januma, Laguna Compadre (EPN); Azuay; Pin-
angu (Tate, 1922, AMNH; Wickenheiser, 1922,
AMNH); Pauji [= Paujchi] (Tate, 1922, AMNH;
Wickenheiser, 1922, AMNH); Mazan (Barnett,
1984, BMNH); El Oro; Cordillera de Chilla, Tar-
aguacocha (Anthony, 1920, AMNH); Tungura-
hua; San Antonio (AMNH); San Francisco (Tate,
1922, AMNH); ZamoralChinchipe; Zamora (An-
thony, 1923, AMNH).
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
147
20
30
40
50
Thylamys venustus
90
80"
70
60'"
50^'
40
30
20
10 L
Fig. 90. Distribution of Thylamys venustus: Bolivia and northern Argentina. = localities given in published
records.
Caenolestes condorensis Albuja and Patterson,
1996
Caenolestes condorensis Albuja and Patterson, 1996:
42 ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago (Achupallas).
Holotype Adult male, skin and skull. FMNH
152134; collected 23 July 1993 by Luis Albuja
and Alfredo Luna.
Type Locality "Achupallas," a place name
coined by members of the Rapid Assessment Pro-
gram expedition for their camp on the upper pla-
teau of the Cordillera del Condor in the Provincia
de Morona-Santiago, Ecuador, altitude 2080 m.
Distribution (Fig. 93) Found only in the Cor-
dillera del Condor, southeastern Ecuador.
Caenolestes convelatus Anthony, 1924
Caenolestes convelatus Anthony, 1924:1. Gardner.
1993:25 listed. Albuja and Patterson, 1996:52
COLOMBIA: Antioquia (Paramo Frontino, Caice-
do; Santa Barbara): ECUDAOR: Imbabura (Haci-
enda La Vega); Pichincha (Gualea. Ilambo Valley;
Galaya [= Saloya] West; Santa Rosa, Mindo; Las
Maquinas; El Hato, Antisana; El Castillo). Kirsch
and Waller, 1979:390 ECUADOR: Pichincha
(Aloag, 1 1 km W).
Holotype Male, skin and skull, AMNH
64462; collected 24 September 1923 by Harold E.
Anthony.
Type Locality Las Maquinas, on trail from
Aloag to Santo Domingo de los Colorados. Cor-
dillera Occidental, Ecuador, 7000 ft (= 2180 m).
Distribution (Fig. 94) Western Colombia and
northwestern Ecuador.
Additional Records (compiled from Patter-
son and Albuja an unpublished monograph on
shrew-opossums) COLOMBIA: Valle del Cau-
ca-Choco; Alto de Galapagos (UV); ECUADOR:
Pichincha; Old Santo Domingo Trail, Rio Saloya,
not located (UMMZ).
Caenolestes fuliginosus (Tomes, 1863)
H[yracodon] fuliginosus Tomes,
1993:25 listed.
1863:51. Gardner.
148
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Caenolestes
20
1500 km
Fig. 91.
Ecuador.
80" 70 60 50 3 30* 30
Distribution of the genus Caenolestes: extreme western Venezuela south through western Colombia and
C[aenolestes] fuliginosus: Thomas, 1895:367 type
of genus Caenolestes Thomas.
Caenolestes fuliginosus: Stone, 1914:17 ECUA-
DOR: Pichincha (Hacienda Garzon, Cerro Pichin-
cha). Lonnberg, 1921:70, 72 ECUADOR: Imba-
bura (Cerro Cotacachi, 8000 ft [= 2500 m]); Pi-
chincha (road to Nanegal, 6000 ft [= 1875 m]; Cer-
ro Illiniza, 12000 ft [= 3750 m]; La Carolina, 9400
ft [= 2930 m]). Tate, 1931:248 ECUADOR: sub-
paramo zone. Kirsch and Waller, 1979:390 EC-
UADOR: Pichincha (Volcan Pichincha, 3300 m).
Albuja and Patterson, 1996:52 COLOMBIA: An-
tioquia (Paramo Frontino, Paramo Sonson, 8800 ft
[= 2750 m]); Nariho (Pasto); Caldas (Rio Terma-
les; Termales del Ruiz); Valle del Cauca (Paramo
de Barragan); Cauca (Paramo de Guanacas; La-
guna San Rafael, Paramo de Purace); Quindio (Fin-
ca "Bengala," Carretera Salento-Cocora; Finca
Rincon Santo, Municipio Salento); Huila (Rio Ove-
jera; San Antonio; Santa Marta; Rio Magdalena);
Cundinamarca (Guasca, Rio Balcones; Finca El
Soche, Soacha; San Miguel-Sibate, Soacha; San
Cristobal; Bogota); Boyacd (Hacienda La Prima-
vera); Norte de Santander (Paramo de Tama); EC-
UADOR: Pichincha (Chinchin Cocha; Tablahuasi
occidente; Galaya [= Saloya Occidente]; Verde-
cocha; Quebrada de Pichan; Pichan; Inga Pirca;
San Ignacio, Volcan Pichincha; Faldas Iliniza; Fal-
das Occidentales del Pichincha; Volcan Pichincha,
oriente; Paramos of Chimborazo or Pichincha, not
located; Laderas Iliniza); Bolivar (Sinche, 1 1 100 ft
[= 3460 m]); Chimborazo (Cerro Chimborazo);
Napo (Cosanga, Rio Aliso; Cerro Antisana; Rio
Bermejo); VENEZUELA: Tdchira (San Cristobal);
COLOMBIA/VENEZUELA: Norte de Santander
(Paramo de Tama).
[Caenolestes] fuliginosus: Cabrera, 1919:98. Thomas,
1920c:246 ECUADOR: Pichincha (Gualea).
Caenolestes obscurus Thomas, 1895:367 COLOM-
BIA: Cundinamarca (Bogota) (type locality, Estan-
cia La Selva, Bogota; holotype, in spirits, BMNH
96.1.7.1, collected 7 May 1895 by G. D. Child).
Osgood, 1912:38 COLOMBIA: Norte de Santan-
der (Paramo de Tama). Lonnberg, 1921:72 EC-
UADOR: Pichincha (road to Gualea; La Carolina,
3 mi N of Quito, 9400 ft [= 2930 m]). Osgood,
1924:167 COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander
(Paramo de Tama). Niceforo Maria, 1925:47
COLOMBIA. Handley, 1976:9 VENEZUELA:
Tdchira (Buena Vista). Mendez, 1977:91 CO-
LOMBIA: Cauca (Parque de Purace); Cundina-
marca (El Soche). Kirsch and Waller, 1979:390
COLOMBIA: Cauca (Laguna San Rafael, Paramo
de Purace, 3000 m); Cundinamarca (Finca El So-
che, 2630 m). Tyndale-Biscoe, 1980:714 CO-
LOMBIA: Cauca (Paramo de Purace); Cundina-
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
149
Fig. 92. Distribution of Caenolestes caniventer: western Ecuador and northwestern Peru, o
unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
localities from
marca (Paramos El Soche); COLOMBIA/VENE-
ZUELA: Norte de Santander Tdchira (Paramo de
Tama). Cuervo Diaz et al., 1986:474 COLOM-
BIA: Cundinamarca (Bogota, cerca de); Narino.
Gardner, 1993:25 listed. Albuja and Patterson,
1996:52 COLOMBIA: Cauca (Laguna de Pura-
ce).
[Caenolestes] obscurus: Cabrera, 1919:99 classifi-
cation.
C[aenolestes] Obscurus: Thomas, 1920c:247.
Caenolestes tatei Anthony, 1923:1 ECUADOR:
Azuay (type locality, Molleturo, 7600 ft [= 2375
m]; holotype, female, skin and skull, AMNH
61860; collected 11 June 1922 by G. H. H. Tate).
Gardner, 1993:25 listed.
Holotype Young individual in spirits, BMNH
7.1.1.191; collected by Fraser.
Type Locality Ecuador; precise locality not
given, but Fraser may have taken the type either
in Pallatanga or in the vicinity of Quito.
Distribution (Fig. 95) Andes of Colombia,
Ecuador, northern Peru and northwestern Vene-
zuela.
Additional Records (compiled from Patter-
son and Albuja, an unpublished manuscript on
shrew-opossums) ECUADOR: Pichincha; Alas-
pungo, Cerro Pichincha (MCZ); Las Maquinas
(AMNH); Santa Rosa, Mindo (Tate, 1923,
AMNH); Rio San Rafael, near Santa Rosa (An-
thony, 1923, AMNH); Santa Rosa (AMNH); An-
tisanilla (Tate, 1923, AMNH; Anthony, 1923,
AMNH); Lloa, Rio Condor Huashana (USNM);
Corazon, forest NW of (Tate, 1923, AMNH;
Anthony, 1923, AMNH); El Chaupi, NW of
(ZFMK); Quebrada Tasinchana (ZFMK); Cerro
Pichincha, Crater (MCZ); Old Santo Domingo
Trail, not located (UMMZ); Canon del Rio Pita
(AMNH); Rio Pita, upper (AMNH); Rio Pita
(MCZ, AMNH); Napo; Papallacta, near (Voss,
1978, AMNH); COLOMBIA: Agua Larga, not lo-
cated (Child, 1895, BMNH); Quindio; La Guneta
(= Laguneta) (AMNH).
Other Additional Records COLOMBIA:
Antioquia; Paramo Frontino (Hershkovitz, 1951,
FMNH); Cauca; Munchique (von Sneidern, 1958,
FMNH); PERU: Piura; Cerro Chinguela, 5 km
NE of Zapalache (Barkley, 1980, LSUMZ), "Ba-
tan," on Zapalache-Carmen Trail (Barkley, 1980,
LSUMZ).
150
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Caenolestes condorensis I <
500
1000 1
MM ion
\l
j
...._.
__ i
30"
Fig. 93. Distribution of Caenolestes condorensis: found only in Cordillera del Condor in southeastern Ecuador.
= localities from unpublished records; = locality given in published records.
Genus Lestoros Oehser, 1934
Orolestes Thomas, 1917b:3 type species, Orolestes
inca Thomas; generic name preoccupied by Orolestes
MacLachlan, 1895, a genus of dragonfly. Osgood,
1921:11 distribution. Gardner, 1993:25 listed.
Cryptolestes Tate, 1934:154 replacement name for
Orolestes Thomas, preoccupied; type species,
Cryptolestes inca Thomas; generic name preoccu-
pied by Cryptolestes Ganglbauer, a genus of Co-
leoptera. Gardner, 1993:25 listed.
Lestoros Oehser, 1934:240 replacement name for
Cryptolestes Tate, preoccupied; type species, Les-
toros inca Thomas. Gardner, 1993:25 listed.
Type Species Orolestes inca Thomas, by orig-
inal designation.
Distribution Highlands of southern Peru and
northwestern Bolivia.
Lestoros inca (Thomas, 1917)
Orolestes inca Thomas, 1917b:3. Thomas, 1920c:
244 PERU: Cusco (Torontoy; Machu Picchu,
12000-14000 ft [= 3750-4375 m]; Ocobamba
Valley, 9100 ft [= 2840 m]). Gardner, 1983:25
listed, synonomy.
Cryptolestes inca: Tate, 1934:154 type of Crypto-
lestes Tate.
Lestoros inca: Oehser, 1934:240 type of Lestoros
Oehser. Hayman, 1971:194 PERU: Cusco (Ollan-
taytambo). Kirsch and Waller, 1979:390 PERU:
Cusco (Ollantaytambo). Pacheco et al., 1993:4
PERU: Cusco (Tres Cruces; Pillahuata; Quebrada
Morro Legufa; Trocha Ericsson, trail below P.V.
Acjanaco; La Esperanza; Abra Acjanaco). Albuja
and Patterson, 1996:53 PERU: Cusco (Cedro-
bamba Ruins, Machu Picchu; Limacpunco; Pau-
catambo; Quillabamba; Marcapata); Puno (Agu-
alani). Anderson, 1997:167 BOLIVIA: La Paz
(Llamachaque, near Pelechuco).
Holotype Maie, skin and skull, USNM
194401; collected 14 May 1915 by Edmund Heller.
Type Locality Torontoy, Cusco, Peru; 14000
ft (= 4375 m).
Distribution (Fig. 96) Known only from the
temperate zone in Cusco, southeastern Peru, and
La Paz, Bolivia.
Additional Records (compiled from Patter-
son and Albuja, an unpublished monograph on
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
151
Fig. 94. Distribution of Caenolestes ccmvelatus: western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, o
unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
localities from
shrew-opossums) PERU: Cusco; Machu Picchu.
Runcaraccay Ruins (Heller, 1915, USNM); To-
copoqueu, Ocobamba Valley (Heller, 1915,
USNM); Puno; Limbani (Patterson and Albuja).
Other Additional Records PERU: Cusco;
San Luis, km 185 on Ollantaytambo-Quellabamba
Rd. (Thomas, 1974. LSUMZ); Calca, 55 km N
(Patton, 1984, MVZ); Puno; Limbani (Koford.
1951, MVZ; Patton, MVZ).
Genus Rhyncholestes Osgood, 1924
Rhyncholestes Osgood, 1924:170. Gardner.
25 listed.
1993:
Type Species Rhyncholestes raphanurus Os-
good, by original designation.
Distribution Southern Chile and adjacent
Argentina.
Rhyncholestes raphanurus Osgood, 1924
Rhyncholestes raphanurus Osgood. 1924:170. Osgood.
1943:50 CHILE: Los Lagos (Refugio. Volcan
Osorno; boca Rio Inio. Isla de Chiloe [= Isla Chi-
loe]). Pine et al 1979:343 CHILE: Los Lagos
(Quellon. near mouth of Rio Yaldad). Gallardo and
Patterson. 1987:1 1 1 CHILE: Los Lagos (Volcan
Osorno). Patterson and Gallardo. 1987:1 CHILE:
Los Lagos (Maicolpue: Parque Nacional Puyehue;
Valle de La Picada: Refugio. Volcan Osorno: Peulla;
Lago Chapo; Cucao; Puerto Carmen; Rio Inio. Isla
Chiloe: Quellon; Fundo El Venado. Isla Chiloe. not
located). Meserve et al.. 1988:722 CHILE: Los La-
gos (Valle de La Picada. Parque Nacional Vincente
Perez Rosales). Gardner. 1993:25 listed. Bimey et
al.. 1996:1 ARGENTINA: Rio Negro (Puerto
Blest, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapf). Albuja and
Patterson. 1 996:53 CHILE: Los Lagos (Maicolpue;
Parque Nacional Puyehue; Centro de Ski Antillanca
[= Antillanca Ski Area]; Osomo; Puerto Octay: Val-
le de La Picada. Refugio; Valle de La Picada, La
Picado Alto; Parque Nacional Vincente Perez Ro-
sales. La Picada Forest: Contao; Rio Negro: Rib
Inio); ARGENTINA: Rio Negro (Puerto Blest). Hei-
nonen Fortabat and Chebez. 1997:20 ARGENTI-
NA: Neuquen (Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapf). Ma-
res and Braun. 2000:40 ARGENTINA: Neuquen
(Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapf): Rio Negro (Parque
Nacional Nahuel Huapf; Puerto Blest. Parque Na-
cional Nahuel Huapf).
152
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 95. Distribution of Caenolestes fuliginosus: along the Andes from northwestern Venezuela through Colombia,
Ecuador, and northern Peru, o = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
Holotype Skin and skeleton; FMNH 22422;
collected 12 January 1923 by Wilfred H. Osgood.
Type Locality Mouth of Rio Inio, south end
of Isla de Chiloe [= Isla Chiloe], Chile.
Distribution (Fig. 97) South-central Chile,
including Isla Chiloe and adjacent Argentina.
Additional Records CHILE: Los Lagos Val-
le de La Picada, La Picada Bajo (Patterson and
Albuja, an unpublished monograph, p. 24); Los
Lagos; Lago Chapo, 12.4 km WNW, 19.7 km N
(Meserve, 1986, 1987, FMNH).
III. Order Microbiotheria
Family Microbiotheriidae Ameghino,
1887
Genus Dromiciops Thomas, 1894
Type Species Dromiciops gliroides Thomas
by original designation.
Distribution Chile and adjacent Argentina
from about 36S to near 43S.
Dromiciops gliroides Thomas, 1894
Didelphys elegans Cunningham (not Thylamys ele-
gans Waterhouse, a marmosid), 1871:362.
Didelphys australis F. Philippi (not D. a. Goldfuss,
1 8 1 2, a phalangerid), 1 893a:3 1 8 CHILE: Los La-
gos (type locality near Union, holotype a mounted
skin, skull inside, Museo Nacional, Santiago de
Chile). F. Philippi, 1893b: 33 CHILE: Los Lagos
(near Union). R. A. Philippi, 1894:33 CHILE:
Valdivia [now in Los Lagos]; Llanquihue; Arau-
cania. Wolffsohn and Porter, 1908:69 CHILE:
Araucania (Curacautfn); gliroides Thomas, a syn-
onym.
[Didelphys (Peramys)] australis: Trouessart, 1898:
1244 listed.
Dromiciops australis Thomas, 1919d:212 ARGEN-
TINA: Neuquen (Beatriz, Nahuel Huapf, 800 m);
CHILE: Araucania (Temuco). Osgood, 1943:48
CHILE: Araucania (Villa Portales, Rib Colorado).
Mann, 1955:159 CHILE: Los Lagos (Puerto
Montt; between Valdivia and Puerto Montt, not lo-
cated). Reig et al., 1977:201 CHILE: Los Lagos
(Valdivia). Marshall, 1978c:l, fig. 4 (map distri-
bution). Jimenez and Rageot, 1979:83 CHILE:
Araucania-Biohio (Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta);
Los Lagos Parque Nacional Tolhuaca); Araucania;
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
153
Fig. 96. Distribution of Lestoros inca: presently confined to the highlands of southern Peru and La Paz. Bolivia.
c = localities from unpublished records (too close to published localities to be identified separately on map): =
localities given in published records.
(Cerro Nielol: Parque Nacional Villarrica: Los
Parques Nacionales Conguillfo). Marshall. 1982:
35. fig. 12 (map distribution). Pearson and Pearson.
1982M 29 ARGENTINA: Rio Negro (Parque Na-
cional Nahuel Huapf). Meserve et al.. 1988:721
CHILE: Los Lagos (La Picada). Patterson et al..
1989:67 CHILE: Los Lagos (La Picada). Patter-
son et al.. 1990:620 CHILE: Los Lagos (La Pi-
cada). Birney et al.. 1996:153 ARGENTINA: Rio
Negro (Puerto Blest).
Dromiciops australis austral is: Osgood. 1943:48
CHILE: Araucania (Rio Colorado: Victoria: Te-
muco): Los Lagos (Cayetue. Lago Todos Santos
Peulla. Lago Todos Santos: Cerro Nahuelbuta)
Biobio (Lota. SW of Conception): ARGENTINA
Neuquen (Beatriz. Nahuel Huapf). Santos Gollan.
1946:191 ARGENTINA: Neuquen (Huemul. Na-
huel Huapf: Villa Angostura. Nahuel Huapf). Greer.
1965:103 CHILE: Araucania (Angol: Banos Rio
Blanco: Curacautfn: Jauja: Laguna Malleco: Lon-
quimay: Paso Pino Hachado: Rio Ranquil: Selva
Oscura: Troyo): Los Lagos (Cordillera [= Cerro]
de Nahuelbuta): Biobio (Cordillera de los Andes:
Contulmo). Pine et al.. 1979:339 CHILE: Los La-
gos (Lago Paraiso. Parque Nacional Puyehue: An-
tillanca Ski Area [= Centro de Ski]. Parque Na-
cional Puyehue). Tamayo and Frassinetti. 1980:
327 CHILE: Los Lagos (Rio Itata). Pearson.
1 983 :483 ARGENTINA.
D[romiciops] australis australis: Schneider. 1946:
68 CHILE: Biobio (Huepil. N of Rio Laja): Con-
ception (Parque Pedro del Rio).
Dromiciops gliroides Thomas. 1894b: 187 CHILE:
Los Lagos (type locality. Huite. Chiloe Island).
Thomas. 1919d:212 CHILE: Araucania (Temu-
co). Krumbiegel. 1941c: 1 1 CHILE: Valdivia
[now Los Lagos]. Patterson and Rogers, in press:
ms. p. 1 1 ARGENTINA: Neuquen (Lago Lacar:
Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapf): CHILE: Arauca-
nia (Paso Pino Hachado): Biobio (Lota): Los Lagos
(Quellon. near mouth of Rfo Yaldad. Isla Chiloe;
Puerto Carmen. Isla Chiloe: Cucao. Isla Chiloe;
Huite [= Puerto Huite]. Isla Chiloe: Rfo Inio. boca.
Isla Chiloe: Peulla: Seno Reloncavf; Valdivia: Rfo
Itata: Maicolpue: Parque Nacional Puyehue: Valle
de La Picada). Mares and Braun. 2000:41 AR-
GENTINA: Chubut (Parque Nacional Los Alerces:
Parque Nacional Lago Puelo): Neuquen (Beatriz.
Nahuel Huapi: Isla Victoria. Lago Nahuel Huapi:
Parque Nacional Lanfn: Parque Nacional Los Ar-
rayanes: Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi): Rio Ne-
gro (Pampa Linda. 5 km NW; Parque Nacional Na-
154
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
20
30
40
50
j \
\
j
\ 1
-
s/f
Rhyncholestes raphanurus
500
1000
1500 km
3Lj_
90
80
70
60
50
40"
30
20
10 :j
Fig. 97. Distribution of Rhyncholestes raphanurus: south-central Chile, including Isla Chiloe, and adjacent Ar-
gentina. = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
huel Huapi; Puerto Blest, Parque Nacional Nahuel
Huapi).
Dromiciops australis gliroides, Osgood, 1943:50
CHILE: Los Lagos (Quellon; Huite). Pine et al.,
1979:340 CHILE: Los Lagos (Quellon, near
mouth of Rio Yaldad, Isla Chiloe). Tamayo and
Frassinetti, 1980:377 CHILE: Los Lagos (Isla
Chiloe) (0-300 m).
Holotype Male, skin and skull, BMNH
92.9.5.3; collected 20 May 1868 by Robert O.
Cunningham on the voyage of H.M.S. Nassau.
Type Locality Huite, near Ancud, northeast-
ern Chiloe Island, Chile.
Distribution (Fig. 98) The rain forests of
central Chile and bordering parts of Argentina
from about 36S to 43S in Chiloe but to 41S on
the mainland, or from the latitude of Concepcion
to the southern border of Isla Chiloe, east to the
lake district of Nahuel Huapi in Neuquen, and Rio
Negro, Argentina. The elevational range extends
from sea level on Isla Chiloe to 1450 m in Mal-
leco Province.
Additional Records CHILE: Araucania;
Thermas de San Luis, 30 km E of Pucon (Creigh-
ton, 1980, UMMZ); Los Lagos; Mafil (Castillo,
1977, MVZ); Catamutun (Solis, 1975, MVZ);
Osorno (Kelt, 1985, FMNH); La Picada Forest,
Parque Nacional Vicente Perez Rosales [= Re-
fugio] (Kelt, 1984, 1986, FMNH); Volcan Osor-
no, La Picada (Gallardo, 1976, MVZ; Sepulveda,
1973, MVZ); Rio Negro (Meserve, 1987,
FMNH); Contao, Palena (Kelt, FMNH); Lago To-
dos los Santos (Hershkovitz, 1996, personal
notes); Yaldad, Cocauque, Isla Chiloe (Meserve
and Lang, 1984, FMNH); ARGENTINA: Neu-
quen; Lago Quillen (Sage, 1982, MVZ); Arroyo
de las Terras Coloradas, Lago Huechulfaquen,
near Cerro del Chico (Sage, 1982, MVZ); Refu-
gio, near Paso Coihue (Patton, 1996, MVZ); Cas-
cada Diana, 16 km WNW of Villa La Angostura
(Pearson, 1985, MVZ); Rio Negro; Refugio Neu-
meyer, SSW of San Carlos de Bariloche (Phillips,
1983, MVZ); Hotel Tunquelen, 25 km E of San
Carlos de Bariloche (Christie, 1982, MVZ); Rio
Castano Overo, W of San Carlos de Bariloche
(Pearson, 1978, 1979, MVZ).
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
155
Fig. 98. Distribution of Dromiciops gliroides: south-central Chile and bordering Argentina, west through Isla
Chiloe. o = localities from unpublished records; = localities given in published records.
Literature Cited
Aagaard, E. M. J. 1982. Ecological distribution of
mammals in the cloud forest and paramos of the An-
des. Doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado,
Boulder, iii + 277 pp.
Adler, G. H., J. J. Arboledo, and B. L. Travi. 1997.
Diversity and abundance of small mammals in de-
graded tropical dry forest northern Colombia. Mam-
malia, 61(3): 361-370.
Albuja V., L. 1992. Mammals, pp. 124-127. //; Parker.
T. A. Ill, and J. L. Carr, eds., Status of Forest Rem-
nants in the Cordillera de La Costa and Adjacent Ar-
eas of Southwestern Ecuador. Rapid Assessment Pro-
gram, Conservation International. Washington, D.C.
Albuja V., L., and B. D. Patterson. 1996. A new spe-
cies of northern shrew-opossum (Paucituberculata:
Caenolestidae) from the Cordillera del Condor, Ec-
uador. Journal of Mammalogy, 77(1): 41-53.
Alho, C. J. R., L. A. Pereira, and A. C. Paula. 1986.
Patterns of habitat utilization by small mammal pop-
ulations in cerrado biome of central Brazil. Mamma-
lia, 50(4): 447-460.
Alkins, M. E. 1979. Mammals of Trinidad. Occasional
Papers, no. 2: 1-75, Department of Zoology, Univer-
sity of West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Allen, G. M. 1902. The mammals of Margarita Island,
Venezuela. Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington, 15: 91-97.
. 1911. Mammals of the West Indies. Bulletin
Museum of Comparative Zoology, 54: 175-263.
Allen, J. A. 1891. Notes on new or little-known North
American mammals, based on recent additions to the
collections of mammals in the American Museum
Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of
Natural History, 3: 263-310.
. 1893. Description of a new species of opossum
from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Bulletin of
the American Museum of Natural History, 5: 235-
236.
. 1897a. Additional notes on Costa Rican mam-
mals, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, 9: 31-44.
. 1 897b. On a small collection of mammals from
Peru, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, 9: 115-119.
-. 1898. Descriptions of new mammals from west-
ern Mexico and lower California. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, 10: 143-158.
. 1900a. Note on the generic names Didelphis
and Philander. Bulletin of the American Museum of
Natural History, 13: 185-190.
. 1900b. Descriptions of new American marsu-
156
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
pials. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History, 13: 191-199.
. 1900c. On mammals collected in southeastern
Peru by Mr. H. H. Keays, with descriptions of new
species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History, 13: 219-227.
. 1901a. On a further collection of mammals
from southeastern Peru, collected by Mr. H. H. Keays,
with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, 14: 41-46.
-. 1901b. Descriptions of two new opposums of
the genus Metachirus. Bulletin of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, 14: 213-218.
. 1901c. New South American Muridae and a
new Metachirus. Bulletin of the American Museum of
Natural History, 14(24): 405-412.
. 190 Id. A preliminary study of the North Amer-
ican opossums of the genus Didelphis. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, 14(11): 149-
195.
. 1901e. The generic names Myrmecophaga and
Tamandua and the specific names of the opossums of
the genus Didelphis. Proceedings of the Zoological
Society of Washington, 14: 91-93.
1902. A preliminary study of the South Amer-
ican opossum of the genus Didelphis. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, 16: 249-279.
. 1904a. Mammals from southern Mexico and
Central and South America. Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History, 20: 29-80.
. 1 904b. New mammals from Venezuela and Co-
lombia. Bulletin of the American Museum of of Nat-
ural History, 20: 327-335.
. 1904c. List of mammals from Venezuela, col-
lected by Mr. Samuel M. Klages. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, 20: 337-345.
. 1904d. Mammals from the district of Santa
Marta, Colombia, collected by Mr. Herbert H. Smith,
with field notes by Mr. Smith. Bulletin of the Amer-
ican Museum of Natural History, 20: 407-468.
1910. Additional mammals from Nicaragua.
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History,
28: 87-115.
1911. Mammals from Venezuela collected by
Mr. M. A. Carriker, Jr. Bulletin of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, 30: 239-273.
. 1912. Mammals from western Colombia. Bul-
letin of the American Museum of Natural History, 31:
71-95.
1916a. List of mammals collected in Colombia
by the American Museum of Natural History Expe-
dition 1910-1915. Bulletin of the American Museum
of Natural History, 35: 191-238.
1916b. Mammals collected on the Roosevelt
Brazilian Expedition, with field notes by Leo E. Mill-
er. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, 35: 559-610.
1916c. New South American mammals. Bulle-
tin of the American Museum of Natural History, 35:
83-87.
. 1916d. List of mammals collected for the
ardson, 1912-1913. Bulletin of the American Museum
of Natural History, 35: 113-125.
Allen, J. A., and F. M. Chapman. 1893. On a collection
of mammals from the Island of Trinidad with descrip-
tions of new species. Bulletin of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, 5: 203-234.
. 1897. On mammals from Yucatan, with descrip-
tions of new species. Bulletin of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, 9: 1-30.
Alston, E. R. 1879-1882. "Mammalia" in Biologica
Centrali-Americana. London, xxx + 220 pp.
Alvarez, T. 1963. The recent mammals of Tamaulipas,
Mexico. Publications of the University of Kansas Mu-
seum of Natural History, 14(5): 363-473.
Alvarez, T, and I. Ferrusquia V 1967. New records
of fossil marsupials from the Pleistocene of Mexico.
Texas Journal of Science, 19(1): 107.
Ameghino, F. 1887. Enumeracion sistematica de las es-
pecies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos
Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de las Patagonia
austral depositados en el Museo de la Plata. Boletfn
Museo de la Plata, 1: 1-26.
. 1889. Contribucion al conocimiento de la mam-
iferos de la Argentina. Actas de la Academia Nacional
de Ciencias de al Republica Argentino, Cordoba, 6:
xxxii + 1027 pp.
Anderson, S. 1982. Monodelphis kunsi. Mammalian
Species, 90: 1-3.
. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia; taxonomy and dis-
tribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Nat-
ural History, 231: 2-652.
Anderson, S., B. R. Riddle, T L. Yates, and J. A.
Cook. 1993. Los mamiferos del Parque Nacional Am-
boro y la region de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
Special Publication of the Museum of Southwestern
Biology, University of New Mexico, 2: 1-58.
Anduze, P. J. 1956-1957. Lista de los mamiferos seiia-
lados hasta el presente en Venezuela. Memorias So-
ciedad Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 16-17(43): 5-18.
Anthony, H. E. 1916. Panama mammals collected in
1914-1915. Bulletin of the American Museum of Nat-
ural History, 35: 357-376.
. 1921a. Preliminary report on Ecuadorean mam-
mals no. 1. American Museum Novitates, 20: 1-6.
1921b. Mammals collected by William Beebe
at the British Guiana Tropical Research Station. Zool-
ogica, 3(13): 265-285.
1922. Preliminary report on Ecuadorean mam-
mals, No. 2. American Museum Novitates, 32: 1-6.
. 1923. Mammals from Mexico and South Amer-
ica. American Museum Novitates, 54: 1-10.
1923. Preliminary report on Ecuadorean mam-
mals, No. 3. American Museum Novitates, 120: 1-3.
1926. Preliminary report on Ecuadorean mam-
American Museum in Ecuador by William B. Rich-
mals, No. 7. American Museum Novitates, 240: 1-6.
Aplin, O. V 1 894. Field notes on the mammals of Uru-
guay. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Lon-
don, 1894: 297-315.
Atramentowicz, M. 1986. Disponibilites tropiques et
rhythmics de reproduction chez trois marsupiaux di-
delphides de Guyane. Memoires Museum National
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
157
d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), n.s. A, Zoologie, 132:
123-129.
1988. La frugivorie opportuniste de trois mar-
supiaux de Guyane. Revue Ecologie. 43: 47-57.
Avila-Pires. F. D. de. 1958. Mamfferos colecionados
nos arredores de Belem do Para. Boletfm Museu Par-
aense Emilio Goeldi. 19: 1-9.
. 1964. Mamfferos colecionados na regiao do Rio
Negro (Amazonas, Brazil). Boletim Museu Paraense
Emilio Goeldi. n.s.. 42: 1-23.
1965. The type specimens of Brazilian mam-
mals collected by Prince Maximilian zu Wied. Amer-
ican Museum Novitates. 2209: 121.
. 1966. Observacoes Gerais sobre a mastozool-
ogia do cerrado. Anais Academia Brasileira Ciencias.
38: 331-340.
1968. Tipos de mamfferos recentes no Museu
Nacional. Rio de Janeiro. Arquivos Museu Nacional.
Rio de Janeiro. 53: 161-192.
1987. Introducao a mastozoologia do Brasil
Meridional. Revista Brasileira Zoologia (Sao Paulo).
4(2): 115-128.
. 1994. Mamfferos descritos do Estado do Rio
Grande do Sul. Brazil. Revista Brasileira Biologia.
54(3): 367-384.
Avila-Pires. E D. de. and E. Gouvea. 1977. Mamfferos
do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Boletfm Museu Na-
cional (Rio de Janeiro) Zoologia. 291: 1-29.
Ayala, S. C.. A. D'Allesandro. R. Mackenzie, and D.
Angel. 1973. Hemoparasite infection in 830 wild an-
imals from the eastern llanos of Colombia. Journal of
Parsitology. 59(1): 52-59.
Azara, F. de. 1801. Essais sur le Histoire Naturelle des
Quadrupedes de Paraguay. Paris. Vol. 1. 211 pp.: vol.
2. 499 pp. [Translation of F. de Azara's Apuntamientos
para la Historia Natural de los quadnipedos del Par-
aguay y Rio de La Plata by M. L. E. Moreau-Saint-
Mery.]
. 1802. Apuntamientos para la Historia Natural
de los Quadnipedos del Paraguay y Rio de La Plata,
vol. 1. Madrid.
Azevedo. T. R. de. D. El Ackkar. F. de Martins, and
M. Ximenez. 1982. Lista sistematica dos mamfferos
de Santa Catarina conservados nos principals museus
do estado. Revista Nordestina Biologia. 5(1): 93-104.
Baird. S. F. 1855. List of mammals found in Chile. U.S.
Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemi-
sphere during the years 1849-1850-1851-1852. Ex-
ecutive document No. 121. Washington. D.C.. pp. 1-
300.
Baker. R. H. 1951. Mammals from Tamaulipas. Mexi-
co. Publication of the University of Kansas Museum
of Natural History, 5(12): 207-218.
. 1 974. Records of mammals from Ecuador. Pub-
lications of the Museum. Michigan State University
Biological Series, 5(2): 131-148.
Bangs, O. 1898a. A new murine opossum from Mar-
garita Island. Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington. 12: 95-967
. 1898b. New mammals from the Sierra Nevada
de Santa Marta, Colombia. Proceedings of the Biolog-
ical Society of Washington. 12: 161-165.
. 1 898c. The land mammals of Peninsular Florida
and the coast region of Georgia. Proceedings of the
Boston Society of Natural History. 28: 157-235.
. 1900. List of mammals collected in the Santa
Marta region of Colombia by W. W Brown. Jr. Proceed-
ings of the New England Zoology Club. 1: 87-102.
. 1901. The mammals collected in San Miguel
Island. Panama, by W. W. Brown, Jr. American Nat-
uralist. 35: 631-644.
. 1903. Birds and mammals from Honduras. Bul-
letin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 39:
141-159.
Barton, P. S. 1823. Facts, observations, and conjectures,
relative to the generation of the opossum of North
America. In a Letter from Prof. Barton to Mons. Rou-
me. of Paris. Annals of Philosophy. 6: 349-354.
Beach. F. A. 1939. Maternal behavior of the pouchless
marsupial Marmosa cinerea. Journal of Mammalogy,
20: 315-321.
Beaufort. F. de. 1966. Catalogue des types de mam-
miferes du Museum National de Histoire Naturelle
Paris. VI Monotremata VII Marsupialia. Bulletin du
Museum National Histoire Naturelle. Paris. 38(5):
509-553.
Beebe, W. 1952. Introduction to the ecology of the Ar-
ima Valley, Trinidad. B.W.I. Zoologica. 37: 157-183.
Bennett. E. T. 1833. Characters of new species of Mam-
malia from California. Proceedings of the Zoological
Society of London, part 1 :39-42.
Bertoni. A. de W 1914. Fauna Paraguaya. Catalogos
systematicos de los vertebrados de Paraguay. Pisces,
batrachios, reptiles, aves, y mamfferos conocidos has-
ta 1913. Descripcion Ffsica y Economica de Paraguay.
Asuncion. 86 pp.
. 1923. Didelfidos de la Bahia de Asuncion. Re-
vista Sociedad Cientffica del Paraguay. 1: 51.
1939. Sumario catalogos sistematicos de los
vertebrados del Paraguay. Revista Sociedad Cientffica
del Paraguay. 4(4): 1-60.
Bigham. H. 1930. Machu Picchu a citadel of the Incas.
Yale University Press. New Haven, v + 244 pp.
BlRNEY. E. C. J. A. MONJEAL . C. J. PHILLIPS. R. S. SlKES.
and I. Kim. 1996. Lestodelphys halli: New informa-
tion on a poorly known Argentinian marsupial. Mas-
tozoological Neotropical. 3(2): 171-181.
Birney. E. C. R. S. Sikes, J. A. Monjeau, and C. J.
Phillips. 1993. A mammalian research expedition in
Patagonia. Imprint. 10(2): 1-7.
Birney. E. C. R. S. Sikes, J. A. Monjeac. N. Guthman,
and C. J. Phillips. 1996. Comments on Patagonian
marsupials from Argentina, pp. 149-154. In Contri-
butions in Mammalogy: A memorial volume honoring
Dr. J. Knox Jones Jr. Museum of Texas Tech Univer-
sity. 315 pp.
Boardman. W 1952. Hair tracts of some American mar-
supials. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Lon-
don, 1952: 845-850.
Boddaert. P. 1784. Elenchus animalium I. sistems quad-
rupedia. Rotterdam, vi + 174 pp.
Boher Bentti. S. 1988. Nuevos regfstros de distribucion
de Lutreolina crassicaudata (Desmarest, 1804) en Ve-
nezuela. Trianea (Actas Cientfficas Tecnicas INDER-
ENA). 1: 111-117.
158
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Boitard, M. 1845. Descriptions et moeurs des mam-
miferes de la menagerie et du Museum d'Histoire Na-
turelle. Jardin des Plantes, Paris, lxvi + 472 pp.
Bole, B. P., Jr. 1937. Annotated list of mammals in the
Mariato River District of the Azuero Peninsula, pp. 140-
188. In Aldrich, J. W., and B. R Bole, Jr., The Birds and
Mammals of the Western Slope of the Azuero Peninsula
[Republic of Panama]. Science Publications, Cleveland
Museum of Natural History, 7: 1-196.
Bresslau, E. 1927. Ergebnisse einer zoologischen For-
schungsreise in Brasilien 1913-1914. Abhandlungen
Senckenbergische Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 40:
181-235, 2 plates.
Bridges, T. 1 844. Brief note from letter. Proceedings of
the Zoological Society, London, 1844(1844): 154.
Brongniart, A. 1792. Catalogue des mammiferes en-
voyes de Cayenne por M. Le Blond. Actes Socitee
Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pt. 1: 115.
Bublitz, J. 1987. Untersuchungen zur systematik der
Rezenten Caenolestidae Trouessart, 1898. Bonner
Zoologische Monographien, 23: 5-96.
Bucher, J. E., and R. S. Hoffman. 1980. Caluromys
derbianus. Mammalian Species, 140: 1-4.
Buffon, G. L. L. 1755. Histoire naturelle generale et
particuliere avec description du cabinet du roi, vol. 13,
[6], i-xx, [1] 441, Paris, Imprimerie Royale.
. 1767. Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere
avec la description du cabinet du Roi (with supple-
ment by M. Daubenton). Histoire Naturelle Supple-
ment, Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 3: 1-330.
1776. Histoire Naturelle, generale et particuliere
servant de suite a l'histoiredes animaux quadripedes.
Histoire Naturelle Supplement 3, Imprimerie Royale,
Paris, [8], i-xxi, [l]-330.
-. 1 789. Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere
servant de suite a l'histoire des animaux quadrupedes.
Histoire Naturelle Supplement, Imprimerie Royale,
Paris, 7: xx + 364 pp.
Buffon, G. L. L., and M. Daubeuton. 1763. Histoire
naturelle generale et particuliere avec la description du
Cabinet du Roi. Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 10: 1-368.
Burmeister, H. 1854. Systematische Uebersicht derThi-
ere Brasiliens, welche wahrend eines Reise durch die
Provincen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas Gerais ges-
ammelt oder beobachtet warden. Erster Theil Sau-
getheire (Mammalia), Berlin, x + 341 pp.
. 1856. Erlauterungen zur Fauna Brasiliens en-
thaltend Abbildungen und Aufuhliche Beschreibungen
neuer oder ungeniigend bekannter Thier-Artes, Berlin,
viii + 1 15 pp.
1861. Reise durch la Plata-Sataaten mit besun-
derer Rucksecht auf du physische Beschaffenkeit und
Kulturzustand der Argentineschen Republik. Reise La
Plata Staaten 2, Auggefunrt in der Jahren 1857, 1858,
1859, und 1860. Halle, Zweitsband, George Reimer,
pp. 10 + (2)-538.
1879. Description physique de la republique
Argentine d'apres des observations personnelles et
etranglir. Buenos Aires, George Reimer, vi + 555 pp.
Burnett, G. T. 1 830. Illustrations of the Quadrupeda, or
quadrupeds, being the arrangement of the true four
footed beasts indicated in the outline. Quarterly Jour-
nal of Science and Literature (1829), 28: 351.
Butterworth, B. B., and A. Starret. 1964. Mammals
collected by the Los Angeles County Museum in
northeastern Venezuela, 1958. Contributions in Sci-
ence, Los Angeles County Museum, 85: 2-8.
Cabanis, J. L. 1848. Saugethiere, pp. 776-786. In
Schomburgk, R., ed., Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in der
Jahren 1840-1843, vol. 3. Versuch einer Fauna und
Flora im Britisch-Guiana. J. J. Weber, Leipzig.
Cabrera. A. 1912. Catalogo metodico de las colec-
ciones de mamiferos del Museo de Ciencias Naturales
de Madrid. Trabajos Museo Ciencias Naturales, Ma-
drid, Seria Zoologica, 11: 1-127.
. 1913. Dos mamiferos de la fauna neotropical.
Trabajos Museo Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, Seria
Zoologica, 9: 1-16.
-. 1917. Mamiferos del viaje al Pacffico verificado
de 1862 a 1865 por una comision de naturalistas en-
viada por el gobierno espanol. Trabajos Museo Cien-
cias Naturales, Madrid, Seria Zoologica, (31): 1-62.
1919. Genera Mammalium, Monotremata, Mar-
supialia. Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
177 pp.
. 1934. Dos nuevos micromamiferos del Norte
Argentino. Notas Preliminares Museo de La Plata
3(la): 123-128.
1957[ 1958]- 1961. Catalogo de los mamfferos
de America del Sur I. Revista Museo Argenino Cien-
cias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia," 4: iv-308; v
+ xxii + 309-732 [1961].
Caceres, N. C, and E. L. A. Monteiro-Filho. 1998.
Population density of the common opossum, Didel-
phis marsupialis (Mammalia, Marsupialia) in southern
Brazil. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde. 63(3): 169
172.
Cajal, J. L. 1981. Estudios preliminares sobre el area
de accion en marsupiales (Mammalia-Marsupialia).
Physis 40(98): 27-37.
Capllonch, P., A. Autino, M. Diaz, R. M. Barquez,
and M. Goytia. 1997. Los mamiferos del Parque
Biologico, Sierra de San Javier, Tucuman, Argentina:
Observaciones sobre su sistematica y distribucion.
Mastozoologia Neotropical, 4(1): 49-71.
Carvalho, D. T. de. 1957. Algunas mamiferos do Acre
Occidental. Boletim Museo Paraense Emilio Goeldi,
6: 1-22.
. 1960. Sobre algunos mamiferos do sudeste do
Para. Arquivos Zoologia Sao Paulo, 11(5): 121-132.
-. 1961. Esboco mastifaunfstico do territorio do
Rio Branco. Revista Biologica Tropical, 9(1): 1-15.
-. 1962. Lista preliminar dos mamiferos dos Ama-
pa. Papeis Avulsos Sao Paulo, 15(21): 283-297.
-. 1965. Bionomia de pequenos mamiferos em
Boraceia. Revista de Biologica Tropical, 13(2): 239-
257.
Carvalho, C. T. de, and A. J. Toccheton. 1969. Mam-
fferos do nordeste de Para, Brasil. Revista Biologica
Tropical, 15(2): 215-226.
Catzeflis, E, C. Richard-Hansen, C. Fournier-Cham-
brillon, A. Lavergne, and J. Vie. 1997. Boimetrie,
reproduction et sympatrie chez Didelphis marsupialis
et D. albiventris en Guyane frangaise (Didelphidae:
Marsupialia). Mammalia, 61(2): 231-243.
BROWN: ATLAS OF NEW WORLD MARSUPIALS
159
Ceballos. B. I. 1958. Un pequeno marsupial de Loreto.
Biota (Instituto Salesiano. "Pablo Albera." Cusco.
Peru), 2: 48-50.
. 1959. Notas sobre dos micromamiferos del
Peru. Revista Universidad Nacional Cusco. 49(117):
265-269.
Cerqueira. R. 1982. South American landscapes and
their mammals, pp. 53-75. In Mares. M. A., and H.
H. Genoways. eds.. Mammalian Biology 
