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LI  BRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

CALIKDRNIA 

SANTA    CRUZ 


saw 


^F 


4^ 


AUSTRALIAN  DICTIONARY  OF  DATES 


AND 


i^i/; 


MEN  OF  THE  TIME: 


CONTAINING  THB 


HISTORY  OF  AUSTRALASIA  FROM  1542  TO  MAY,  1879; 


uluA'f 


J[f  Ep  HEATON 


SYDNEY: 

GEORGE  ROBERTSON,  125,  NEW  PITT-STREET, 

AND   AT 

MELBOURNE  AND  ADELAIDK 

1879. 


PREFACE. 


In  presenting  "  The  Australian  Dictionary  ok  Dates  and  Men  ok 
THE  Time  "  to  the  public,  the  Compiler  would  observe  that  more  than 
six  years  of  continuous  labour  have  been  devoted  to  the  Work,  which 
he  trusts  will  be  found — adapting  the  language  of  its  great  English 
prototype — "a  compilation  and  compression  of  the  greatest  body  of 
general  information  about  Australia  that  has  ever  appeared  in  a  single 
volume." 

It  has  been  sought  to  embody  in  a  lasting  form  a  digested  summary 
of  every  branch  of  Australian  history,  brought  down  to  the  eve  of 
publication ;  and  it  is  confidently  hoped  that  the  following  pages  will  be 
found  to  contain  something  far  more  valuable  than  a  mere  "  Dictionary 
of  Dates,"  preserving,  as  they  do,  innumerable  facts  of  interest  and 
importance,  never  published  in  any  previous  work  of  reference  upon 
the  Australian  Colonies. 

It  would  be  strange  indeed  if  the  critics  should  find  it  impossible  to 
discover  inaccuracies  and  omissions  in  an  initial  work  of  this  kind, 
wliich  chronicles  so  many  thousands  of  dates  and  occurrences,  but  the 
Compiler  has  taken  the  utmost  care  to  reduce  the  errors  to  a  minimum ; 
and  he  respectfully  asks  his  subscribers  and  readers  to  be  so  good  as  to 
bring  under  his  notice  at  their  earliest  convenience  any  defects  which 
they  may  discover,  so  that  these  may  be  attended  to  in  a  Supplementary 
Edition. 

In  conclusion,  the  Compiler  desires  to  return  his  thanks  for  the 
invaluable  assistance  he  has  received ;  but  he  is  indebted  to  so  many 
for  information  of  the  highest  value  that  he  will  not  attempt  to  offer 
niore  than  a  general  but  most  gratefiil  acknowledgment. 

J.  HENNIKER  HEATON. 
Sydney,  May,  1879. 


THE 


AUSTRALIAN  DICTIONARY  OF  DATES, 


XTSTD 


MEN  OF  THE  TIME 


PART  I. 


A'BECKETT,  Arthur  Martix, 
F.RC.S.,  bom  in  London  ;  was  educated 
at  the  I^ondoii  University  and  at  Paris. 
He  was  then  Staff  Surgeon  to  the  British 
Legion  in  Spain.  He  arrived  in  Sydney 
m  1838,  and  for  many  years  practised  his 
profession  in  New  South  Wales  with  great 
sQcoeflB.  For  several  years  before  he  left 
the  colony  (in  1858),  he  was  a  Member 
of  the  Legislative  Council.  He  returned 
to  Sydney   in    1865;  and  died  in  1871, 

aged  59. 

A'BECKErrr,  Hoy.  Thomas  Tcrxer, 
irasbom  September  13, 1808,  and  educated 
it  Westminster  School  Having  been 
admitted  as  &  solicitor,  he  practised  with 
BQooess  for  abotit  twenty  years  in  England, 
vhen,  desiring  to  see  hiis  brother  the  late 
Sir  107illiam.  A.*Beckett,  Chief  Justice  of 
Victoria,  be  came  out  in  January,  1851. 
Next  year  be  entered  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil, M^H  in  1857  became  Kegistrar  of  the 
Chmcb  of  £nglsnd  diocese  ^  Melbouma 
He  still  retains  his  seat  for  the  Central 
Pnmnce.  He  voted  against  a  portion  of 
ihe  grant  in  aid  of  public  worship  being 
^ven  to  ibe  Jervrs,  and  against  the  abolition 
of  State-aid  to  reli^on;  also,  against  the 
balloL     He  'was  Commissioner  of  Customs 


under  Sir  James  M'Culloch,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Hobson's  Bay  Railway 
Company  until  it  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  Victorian  Government 

ABECKETT,  Sir  William,  was  bom 
in  -London  July  28,  1806.  He  was 
educated  at  Westminster  School,  and 
called  to  the  Bar  in  1829.  He  came  out 
to  New  South  Wales  and  was  appointed 
Solicitor-General  in  1841,  and  was  made  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the 
District  of  Port  Phillip  in  1846.  In 
1851,  when  separation  took  place,  he  was 
appointed  Chief  Justice  of  Victoria.  He 
died,  June  27,  1869. 

ADAMS,  Philip  Frakcis,  was  bom 
at  Womill  Hall,  county  Suffolk,  in  1828. 
In  1838,  his  i^onily  removed  to  Strong- 
ford,  in  the  north  of  Ireland ;  was  educated 
partly  at  home  and  partly  at  the  Belfast 
Academical  and  Collegiate  Institution.  In 
1848,  though  scarcely  20  years  of  age,  he 
was  entrusted  with  business  as  a  land  sur- 
veyor; but,  in  consequence  of  the  potato 
famine  of  1847  and  subsequentyears,  busi- 
ness fell  o^  and  he  emigrated  to  Canada  in 
1851  ;  for  two  years  was  engaged  in  the 
United  States,  but  not  being  a  citizen  he  was 
not  eligible  for  government  employment. 


2 


ADAMS— ALLEN. 


and  went  to  the  Calif omia  gold  mines; 
was  unsuccessful  and  left  in  bad  health. 
After  a  few  months  spent  in  the  South  Seas 
he  came  to  Sydney  in  1854,  and  was  ap- 
pointed land  surveyor  for  the  Maitland 
district,  where  he  remained  until  1857. 
On  the  death  of  Sir  T.  Mitchell,  Mr. 
Adams  and  three  others  were  selected  each 
to  take  charge  of  the  surveys  of  one-fourth 
of  the  colony,  and  commenced  the  Trigono* 
metrical  Survey,  but  the  death  of  the 
Surveyor-General  interrupted  the  work. 
In  1864,  he  was  recalled  to  Sydney  as 
Deputy  Surveyor-General,  and  became  Sur- 
veyor-General in  1868.  On  the  death  of 
the  Government  Astronomer  in  1870,  he 
took  charge  of  the  Trigonometrical  Survey, 
which  is  now  proceeding.  He  has  been 
successful  in  introducing  into  his  departs 
ment  the  system  of  competitive  examina- 
tions, thereby  taking  patronage  out  of  the 
hands  of  political  parties. 

ADAMS,  Robert  Dudley,  poet,  bom 
July  9,  1829,  on  board  the  Rotterdam 
packet,  whilst  his  mother  was  returning  to 
England ;  joined  the  "Fairy  Queen"  brig  in 
1843 ;  was  for  a  short  time  private  secretary 
to  the  Hon.  Sidney  Herbert;  arrived  in 
N.S.W.,  September  21,  1851  ;  has  been 
ever  since  engaged  in  business  in  Sydney ; 
wrote  many  poems  for  the  English  maga- 
zines and  Australian  newspapers,  prind- 
paHj  for  the  Town  and  Country  Jowmal, 
one  of  which,  "The  Psalm  of  Time,"  is 
said  to  be  the  most  remarkable  poem  ever 
written  in  the  English  language. 

ALEXANDER,  Maurice,  bom  in 
London,  November  30,  1820 ;  arrived  in 
Sydney  in  1834.  He  was  a  partner  of 
Mr.  Isaac  Levey,  whose  youngest  daughter 
he  married  in  1857.  From  1 863  he  repre- 
sented Goulburn  in  Parliament.  He  died 
January  27,  1874.  His  widow,  amongst 
other  beneficent  acts,  founded  in  his  memory 
a  scholarship  in  the  Sydney  University. 

ALFORD,  Henry,  was  bom  at  Acton, 
in  Middlesex,  February  12,  1816.  He 
came  out  to  South  Australia  in  1836, 
and  volunteered  into  the  Police  Force  in 
1838  j  he  soon  distinguished  himself 
under  Mr.  Tolmer,  his  superior  officer, 
by  his  pluck,  energy,  and  cleverness  in 
capturing  some  dangerous  bushrangers. 
He  was  promoted  to  an  Lispectorship, 


made  three  trips  overland  between  Ade- 
laide and  Victoria  and  back  with  the  gold 
escort,  and  finally  left  the  Force  in  1853. 
During  the  years  he  was  in  the  Police 
Force  he  assisted  to  capture  451  felons, 
some  of  the  worst  of  whom  he  took  single- 
handed. 

ALLEN,  Hon.  George,  M.LC,  was 
bom  in  Londdh,  November,  1800.  He 
arrived  in  the  colony  in  January,  1816,  and 
was  admitted  in  1822  as  an  attorney  and 
solicitor  of  the  Supreme  Court  He  married 
in  1823.  In  1842  he  was  chosen  Alder- 
man of  the  first  Corporation  of  the 
City  of  Sydney,  and  Mayor  in  1844.  Li 
1845  he  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the 
Legislative  Council,  and  also  honorary 
Police  Magistrate  of  the  city  and  port  In 
1856  he  was  made  a  Member  of  the  present 
Legislative  Council,  and  in  the  same  year 
was  elected  Chairman  of  Committees,  which 
office  he  held  until  1873,  when  failing 
sight  compelled  him  to  resign.  He  was 
connected  with  many  useful  and  benevo- 
lent institutions  and  was  for  56  years 
an  active  member  of  the  Sydney  Benevo^ 
lent  Society.  In  1866  he  was  made  a 
Member  of  the  Council  of .  Education, 
from  which  he  retired  in  1873.  In  1828 
he  assisted  Sir  F.  Forbes  and  Messrs.. 
Wentworth  and  Bland  in  founding  the 
"  Sydney  College,"  on  the  governing  body 
of  which  he  held  office  for  many  years.  In 
1859  he  was  elected  a  Member  of  the 
Senate  of  the  University.  He  was  a  very 
active  member  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodist 
denomination.  He  died  at  his  residence, 
Toxteth  Park,  Glebe,  November  3,  1877. 
at  the  age  of  77. 

ALLEN,  Sir  George  Wioram,  Knight; 
son  of  the  late  Hon.  George  Allen, 
MLC.,bom  in  Sydney,  May  16, 1824.  He 
was  educated  by  Mr.  W.  T.  Cape  at  his 
private  school,  and  afterwards  at  Sydney 
College.  In  1839  he  took  the  first  medal 
in  classics,  and  in  the  following  year 
gained  the  highest  prizes  in  the  same  sub> 
ject  and  in  mathematics.  In  1841  he  waa 
articled  to  his  father,  and  five  years 
afterwards  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  and 
solicitor  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Neiw 
South  Wales.  He  married  in  July,  1851, 
the  eldest  daughter  of  the  Rev.  W.  R. 
Boyce,  first  President  of  the  Australasian 


ALLEN— AISTDEBSON. 


3 


Wesleyan   Conference.     In  1853  he  was 
sppointed  TJuiversity  solicitor,  and  subse- 
^ently  one  of  the  superiors  officers  of  that 
body.    In  1859    he  was  made  a  Magis- 
trate, and  choeen  first  Mayor  of  the  Muni- 
4»pality  of  the  Glebe,  (where  he  resides,) 
to  which  office  he  was  re-elected  for  18 
oonsecative  years.     In  1860,  Sir  William 
Demson  appointed  him  a  Member  of  the 
Le^slattve   Council.      In   1869   he    was 
elected  Member    of  the  Legislative  As- 
lembly  for  The  Olebe,  which  constituency 
he  has  ever  since  represented.     In  1870, 
he  was    chosen   President    of  the   Law 
Institute^  which  office  he  still  holds.     He 
was  for  fourteen  years — 1853-66 — a  Com- 
ndssioner  of  National  Education,  and  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Cotmcil  of  Education 
nnoe  1873.     On  the  creation  of  the  de- 
pnrtment  of  Justice  and  Public  Instruction 
in  1873;  he  was  appointed  its  first  Minister, 
and  retained  that  position  till  the  resigna- 
tion of  the  Parkes  Administration  in  1875. 
On  March  23,  1875,  he  was  chosen  Speaker 
€i  the  LegislatiTe  Assembly,  and  re-elected 
to  that  office  March  30,  1875,  and  Novem- 
ber 27,  1877,  and  was  knighted  in  1877. 
In  1878,  he  was  elected  to  the  seat  in 
"&e  Senate  of  the  University  vacant  by  the 
decease  of  his  father. 

ALLEN,  Captaik  William,  formerly 
in  the  naval  service  of  the  Hon.  East  India 
Company,  which  he  entered  at  an  early 
age,  and  in  which  he  was  distinguished  for 
his  conrage  and  cleverness,  being  spoken 
cf  as  one  of  the  smartest  commanders  in 
tiie  merchant   service.      He    arrived    in 
Adekude  in  March,  1839,  and  shortly  after 
his  arrival  purchased  (in  conjunction  with 
his  friend  Mr.  John  Ellis)  about  4,000  acres 
<tf  land  in  the   neighbourhood   of    Port 
Gawler.     In  the*year  1845  Captain  Allen 
joined  several  other  capitalists  in  the  jmr- 
diase  of  the  Burra  Mine,  and  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  South  Australian  Mining  Asso- 
ciation, of  which  he  was  afterwards  Vice- 
Chairman,   and,  subsequently,  Chairman. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  wi\s  one  of  the 
Directors,  besides  being — as  the  holder  of 
228  shares — ^the  largest  colonial  proprietor. 
Captain  Allen  was  noted  for  his  generosity, 
aiding  every  sect  in  its  attempts  to  establish 
and  maintain  religious  worship,  one  of  his 
latest  donations  being  that  of  £500  to  the 


North  Adelaide  Wesleyan  chapel,  although 
himself  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
England.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
promoters  (in  conjunction  with  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Adelaide)  of  St  Peter's  College, 
established  in  1849,  and  at  various  subse- 
quent periods  he  gave  for  this  institution 
no  less  an  amount  than  £7,000.  His  pri- 
vate charity  also  was  as  extensive,  and 
most  judiciously  exercised.  His  death 
occurred  rather  suddenly  on  the  morning 
of  October  17,  1866.  In  his  will  he 
bequeathed  the  sum  of  £5,000  for  pas- 
toi^l  aid  purposes,  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Adelaide  being  appointed  trustee. 

ALLWOOD,  Rev.  Canon  Robert,  bom 
September  24, 1803,  in  Jamaica,  where  his 
father  was  Chief  Justice,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Assembly.  He  was  ordained  by 
the  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Welk  in  1826, 
and  held  a  curacy  in  Clifton,  and  after- 
wards was  a  Minor  Canon  of  Bristol 
Cathedral  On  December  8,  1839,  he 
arrived  in  Sydney,  and  was  appointed  to 
the  incumbency  of  St  James's,  which  he 
still  holds.  In  1849,  he  was  made  a  Canon 
of  St.  Andrew's  Cathedral ;  he  was  after- 
wards appointed  to  the  responsible  office 
of  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of  Sydney,  and 
is  now  Vice-Cbancellor  of  the  XJniversity. 

,  AMSINCK,  Commander  Heney,  Royal 
Navy,  bom  1798,  entered  the  navy  in 
1811  under  Admiral  Sir  Michael  Seymour, 
and  served  in  various  ships  of  the  line 
until  he  retired  on  half-pay  as  lieutenant, 
in  1844.  Captain  Amsinck  arrived  in  the 
colony  in  1853  as  the  representative  of  a 
railway  and  dock  company,  which,  how- 
ever, was  not  carried  out.  He  represented 
West  Bouite  in  one  Parliament  and  un- 
successfully contested  Rodney  and  Maldon. 
He  was  one  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  of 
the  Melbourne  Observatory.  Captain 
Amsinck  married  a  sister  of  the  late  Sir 
Archdale  Wilson,  Bart.,  G.C.B.  (of  Delhi), 
and  a  cousin  of  the  late  Lord  Bemers. 

ANDERSON,  Lieutenant  -  Colonel 
JosEPn,  C.B.,  K.H.,  was  an  old  and  dis- 
tinguished Peninsular  officer.  He  was 
born  in  1789,  and  entered  the  army  in 
1805  as  ensign  in  the  78th,  and  served  in 
Calabria  and  Egypt  in  the  two  years  fol- 
lowing ;  after  that  in  the  Peninsular  War 
until  1811.     Promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  in 


ANDERSON— ANGAS. 


24th Regiment,  October,  1808;  served  with 
that  corps  in  Spain  and  Portugal  until 
1812 ;  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Tala- 
vera^  (where  he  was  wounded,)  and  at 
Busaco  on  the  retreat  on  the  lines  of  Torres 
Vedras,  and  shared  the  glory  of  the  British 
Army  from  October  10,  1810  to  March  7, 
1811.  For  these  services  he  was  promoted 
to  a  company  in  the  York  Chasseura  He 
was  present  at  the  capture  of  Guadaloupe. 
He  afterwards  joined  the  50th,  and  was 
wounded  in  the  Gwalior  campaign.  In 
1848,  he  retired  from  the  service.  He 
held  for  some  time  the  position  of  Military 
Commander  and  Civil  Superintendent  of 
Convicts  at  Norfolk  Island.  He  came 
to  Port  Phillip  soon  after  the  foundation 
of  the  colony,  and  engaged  in  squatting 
pursuits  on  the  Groulbum.  In  1852,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  Legislative  Council 
He  died  at  his  residence,  Fairlie  House, 
South  Yarra,  July  18,  1877. 

ANDERSON,  Colokel  William  A(y 
LAND,  C.M.G.,  is  the  son  of  the  late  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Anderson,  C.B.  He  en- 
tered as  ensign  in  his  father's  regiment, 
the  50th,  but  retired  after  a  few  years  on 
the  sale  of  his  commission,  and  was  ap- 
pointed a  Commissioner  of  Gold-fields  in 
Victoria.  He  was  Member  for  Eyelyn  in 
the  old  Legislative  Council,  and  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  chief  command  of  the  Vic- 
torian Volunteer  Force  on  the  retirement 
of  Colonel  Pitt,  by  whom  it  had  been 
raised  in  1859.  He  also  commands  the 
"  Victorian  Artillery  Corps."  In  1878,  his 
received  the  honour  of  the  order  of  C.MG. 

ANDREWS,  Edward  William,  bom 
in  1813,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Andrews,  of  the  Congr^ational  church, 
Walworth,  Surrey.  Arrived  in  Adelaide 
in  September,  1839,  and  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  until  1850,  when  he 
joined  the  Press,  and  in  1853  became 
one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  S.  A,  Register , 
which  position  he  held  until  his  death, 
February  23,  1877.  He,  as  Mayor  of 
Glenelg  in  1867,  was  the  first  to  receive 
Prince  Alfred  on  his  arrival  He  was 
also  a  prominent  member  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Society. 

ANDREWS,  RiCHAKD  Bullock,  Q.C., 
was  called  to  the  South  Australian  Bar  in 
1855.     He  entered  Parliament  in  1857, 


and  was  Attorney-General  in  that  year ; 
made  Q.C.  in  March,  1865,  and  from  time 
to  time  held  the  office  of  Attorney-General 
until  November,  1868,  when  the  Ayrea 
Mimstiy  resigned.  He  retired  from  Par- 
liament in  1870,  when  he  was  appointed 
Crown  Solicitor  and  public  prosecutor. 

ANGAS,  George  Fife,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Colony  of  South  Aus- 
tralia, was  bom  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
May  1, 1789.  He  was  the  senior  partner 
of  an  extensive  firm  of  shipowners  and 
merchants  in  London  imtil  1833,  when 
he  retired  in  a  great  measure  from 
business  and  lived  in  Devonshire.  He 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners, 
and  through  him  the  South  Australian 
Company  was  formed.  From  the  impru- 
dence of  his  agents  in  the  colony,  he 
suffered  heavy  losses,  and,  in  1843,  sent 
his  son,  Mr.  J.  H.  Angas,  to  look  after 
his  property  there :  in  1851  he  himself 
emigrated  to  Adelaide.  He  is  noted  for 
his  liberal  support  of  all  religious,  edu- 
cational, and  charitable  objects,  and  at  an 
eariy  period  his  name  appear,  as  a  B«b- 
scriber  to  the  South  Austrahan  School 
Society,  to  an  infirmary,  to  a  monument 
to  Colonel  Light,  the  first  Surveyor^ 
General,  and  to  a  fund  for  the  foundation 
of  a  Baptist  College,  to  which  he  contri- 
buted £500.  Being  himself  a  member  of 
that  denomination,  he  has  assisted  in  send- 
ing out  several  Baptist  ministers  to  the 
colony,  and  one  of  his  largest  contributions 
to  any  object  was  that  of  £1,000  to  the 
handsome  Baptist  Church  erected  some 
eighteen  years  ago  in  Adelaide.  He  has 
contributed  at  least  £5,000  to  the  Bush- 
man's Club,  a  most  useful  institution, 
initiated  by  his  son,  Mr.  J.  H.  Angaa. 
He  had  at  various  times  contributed 
largely  to  benevolent  and  religious  insti- 
tutions in  the  colony,  and  must  have  given 
away  many  thousands  sterling  to  such 
objects.  On  January  15,  1851,  Mr. 
Angas  arrived  in  Adelaide  with  his  wife 
and  youngest  son,  his  two  elder  sons  and 
two  daughters  having  preceded  him,  one 
daughter  remaining  in  England.  On 
Februftry  7th,  a  dinner  was  given  by  the 
leading  colonists  in  Adelaide  to  welcome 
Mr.  Angas  on  his  arrival.  In  March,  he 
was  eledied  a  member  of  the  Education 


ANGAS. 


Board  ;'m  Coir,  ihe  was  rt^umed  to  repre- 
sent the  district' of  BaroBsa  in  the  L^s- 
lative  Council  under  the  new  Constitution 
gnated  to  the  colony.     He  was  one  of 
the  ouusiBtent  opponents  of  State-aid  to 
religion,  and  was  generally  a  warm  sup- 
porter of  liberal  and  progressive  measures. 
He  vigorously  opposed  the  Ileal  Property 
Ad    Mr.  Angas  at  an  early  period  of 
the  history  of  the  colony  assisted  a  num- 
ber of  Germans   to   come  and   settle  in 
South  Australia,  where  they  have  proved 
themselves  useful   and  thrift v  colonists. 
When  the  British    Government  insisted 
on  a  certain  amount  of  land  being  sold 
before  it  would  consent  to  the  foundation 
of  the  colony,  he  guaranteed  the  amount 
deficient,  £35,000.     We  may  conclude  this 
notice  with  an  extract  from  the  late  Mr. 
Harcuss  work  on  South  Australia,  pub- 
liahed  by  authority  of  the  Government 
of  the  colony  : — "  Mr.   Angas  is   one  of 
the  best  and  most   useful   colonists  the 
province  has  ever  had.      He  devoted  time 
uid  labour  to  the  colony  when  it  needed 
the  best  assistance   of    its  best  friends. 
More  than  this,  he  risked  to  a  large  extent 
ius  considerable  private  means,  to  give  tha 
province  a  start  on  a  safe  footing.     This 
veiittable  gentleman  still   lives  amongst 
ns,  and  he  has  the  satisfaction  of  seeing 
the  prosperity  of  the  community  which  he 
at  first  did  so  much  to  aid     In  that  pros- 
perity, as  was  titting,  Mr.  Angas  greatly 
shared;  and  now,  full  of  years,  honours, 
and  usefulness,  he  is  spending  the  close  of 
his  days  in  the  quietude  of  his  beautiful 
f^dsay  House,  one  of  the  loveliest  spots 
in  the  whole  colony.     Whenever  the  his- 
^'y  of  South  Australia  is  written,   the 
Mme  of  George  Fife  Angas  must  occupy 
a  prominent  position  in  its  records." 

ANGAS,  «f  OHX  Howard,  the  second  son 
<rf  George  Fife  Angas,  was  bom  at  New- 
cwtleon-Tyne,  October,  6,  1823.  He 
early  displayed  a  remarkable  aptitude  for 
hnamess,  so  that  when  his  father's  affairs 
ia  the  new  colony  of  South  Australia 
were  sufiEerin^  from  the  mismanagement 
of  his  agents,  he  sent  out  his  son,  scarcely 
20  years  of  a^e,  to  take  charge  of  his 
bosmess  in  the  colony.  Mr.  J.  H.  Angas 
"»*naged  so  well  that  in  three  or  four 
yean  he  had    completely    retrieved  his 


father's  fortunes.  Arriving  early  in  1 843,  * 
just,  after  the  crash  resulting  from  the  dis- 
honour of  Colonel  Gawler's  drafts  on  the 
Home  Government,  no  ordinary  shrewd- 
ness was  required  in  the  management  of 
large  estates  in  the  colony.  Mr.  Angas 
went  at  once  into  what  was  then  ''the 
bush,"  where  the  pretty  township  of 
Angaston  now  stands,  and  ''turned  to 
with  a  will,"  making  himself  personally 
and  practically  acquainted  with  all  the 
details  respecting  land  and  stock,  as  well 
as  accounts,  and  he  has  since  found  the 
benefit  of  his  early  training,  being  an  ex- 
cellent judge  of  all  kinds  of  live  stock  and 
of  the  vaJue  of.  landed  property  generally. 
After  Mr.  G.  F.  Angas  arrived  in  the 
colony  he  suitably  rewarded  his  son's 
management  of  his  affairs,  and  Mr.  John 
was  fairly  started  as  a  stockowner  about 
the  year  1853.  The  following  year  he 
took  a  trip  to  England,  where  he  married 
Miss  Susan  Collins,  of  Manchester, 
and  he  has  one  son  and  one  daughter. 
Mr.  Angas  has  vast  flocks  and  herds  of 
sheep,  cattle,  and  horses,  and  large  landed 
estates.  His  stock  take  prizes  at  every 
important  agricultural  show  in  the  colony, 
and  he  is  constantly  seeking  to  improve 
the  breed  by  the  importation  of  fresh 
blood ;  whilf^,  on  the  other  hand,  stud 
cattle,  sheep,  and  horses  from  his  stock  are 
sought  after  in  Soutli  Australia  and  the 
neighbouring  colonies.  His  runs  are  very 
extensive,  and  his  freehold  estates  amongst 
the  largest  in  the  country.  Besides  his 
beautiful  place  "  CoUingrove,"  near  An- 
gasten,  he  has  a  magnificent  property  of 
about  50,000  acres  atWillowie,near  Mount 
Bemarkable,  and  another  still  larger  at 
Hill  River,- which  he  purchased  from  Mr. 
C.  B.  Fisher.  Mr.  Angas  is  a  man  of 
quiet,  unostentatious  manners  and  habits, 
very  keen  in  matters  of  business,  lyat  also 
charitable.  Mr.  Angas's  larger  charities 
comprise  the  handsome  donation  of  £4,000 
to  the  funds  of  the  Adelaide  University, 
for  the  foundation  of  an  Enc];ineering 
Scholarship;  the  contribution  of  XI, 000 
to  the  Bushman's  Club,  a  most  useful  in- 
stitution, of  which  he  was  the  instigator 
and  one  of  the  chief  founders.  It  is 
a  club  for  labouiing  bushmen,  where 
they  may    have    "  all   the    comforts   of 


ARCHEBr-AHTHUK. 


&  home"  whilst  yisitmg  the  city,  with- 
out the  risks  and  temptadons  connected 
with  ordinary  public-house  life.  Mr.  Angas 
was  elected  to  represent  the  District,  of 
Barrossa  in  the  Housie  of  Assembly,  De- 
cember 20,  1871,  and  sat  in  the  House 
until  May  6,  1875,  when  failing  health 
compelled  him  to  resign.  When  a  repre- 
sentative he  was  most  assiduous  in  his 
attention  to  public  business.  He  is  a 
man  who  has  done  great  good  for  the 
oolony,  whilst  building  upaprincely  fortune 
for  himself  and  his  family. 

ARCHER,  William  Henry,  was  bom 
in  London  in  1825.  He  was  placed  under 
die  eminent  actuary,  Mr.  F.  G.  P.  NeisoUj 
aad  assisted  him  in  preparing  his  gi«at 
work  "Contributions  to  Vital  Statistics." 
He  then  practised  as  an  actuary  in  London, 
but  in  1852  followed  his  parents  and 
brother  to  Melbourne.  In  1853  he  was 
employed  in  di-aftang  a  comprehensive 
system  of  legal  and  statistical  registration, 
which  was  approved-  by  Mr.  Latrobe,  the 
Cxovemor,  and  the  next  year  he  published 
the  Statistical  Register  of  Victoria.  Li 
1854,  Major  Norman  Campbell  was  made 
Begistrar-Creneral  and  Mr.  Archer  his 
assistant.  Li  1855,  he  married  Mary 
Chamley,  daughter  of  Captain  Philip  Pitt 
Nind.  In  1857  he  published  a  paper 
called  "Facts  and  Figures''  wliich  had  con- 
siderable success,  but  which  he  was  com- 
pelled to  relinquish  from  want  of  time. 
In  1857,  he  was  appointed  a  Member  of 
the  Board  of  Education.  In  1858  he  was 
employed  in  discoTering  records  in  Sydney 
in  relation  to  Victoria,  and  found  a  large 
mass  of  documents  affecting  property.  In 
1859,  on  the  death  of  Major  Campbell,  he 
became  Registrar-General.  In  1860  he 
publi^ed  Statistical  Notes  on  the  Progress 
of  Victoria  from  1835  to'  1860.  In  1862 
the  R%d  Property  Act  came  into  force 
and  the  duty  of  carrying  out  the  measure 
devolved  upon  him,  but  after  a  year  he 
resigned,  not  agreeing  with  the  Attorney- 
General  in  the  manner  of  doing  this  work. 
In  1868  however  he  was  again  offered  its 
administration  and  succeeded  in  restoring 
order  to  the  departments.  In  1874  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  for  Lands  and 
Survey.  In  1867  he  was  called  to  the 
Bar.     His  services,  with  more  than  100 


other  genUemen,  were  dispensed  with  by  the 
Victorian  Gt)V6mment  in  1878,  on  *^  Black 
Wednesday." 

ARNOLD,  Hon.  William  MuxNiKOSy 
second  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Arnold^ 
was  bom  at  EUough,  County  Suffolk, 
England,  in  1820.  He  arrived  in  the 
oolony  in  1839  and  settled  on  the  Paterson 
River.  In  1856  he  was  elected  a  Member 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and  always 
advocated  Manhood  Suffrc^  Vote  by 
Ballot,  and  Electoral  Districts  based  an 
Population.  In  1858  the  Electoral  Act 
in  accordance  with  these  principles  was 
carried,  and,  in  the  same  year,  Mr.  Arnold 
was  elected  Chairman  of  Committeea 
In  1860,  he  became  Minister  for  Public 
Woiks  in  Mr.  (now  Sir)  John  Robert^ 
son's  Ministry,  and  shared  in  the^canying 
of  the  Lands  Act  of  1861.  The  Ministry 
resigned  in  1863,  but  in  1865  Mr.  Arnold 
again  took  office  underthe  CowperMinistry., 
On  October  3,  1865,  he  was  elected 
Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death,  wiiich  took  place' 
March  2,  1875,  when  he  was  un- 
fortunately drowned  in  the  floods  at 
Stradbroke,  his  estate  on  the  Paterson 
River,  New  South  Wales.  He  was  one 
of  the  most  forcible  parliamentary  orators 
and  most  able  politicians  of  his  day. 

AUSTIN,  Rkv.  Johk  Baptist,  was 
bom  at  Hertford,  December  25,  1789^ 
He  was  educated  at  Merchant  Tailors' 
School  and  studied  medicine,  but  in  1828 
opened  a  school  at  Hastings.  Removing^ 
to  Peckham  he  became  a  Congrega- 
tionalist  open-air  preacher  and  afterwanla 
pastor  of  a  chapel  near  that  suburb. 
In  1843  he  came,  with  his  wife  and  eight 
children,  to  South  Australia,  and  for  30 
years  was  engaged  in  preaching  in  Maodes* 
Held  and  the  neighbourhood.  In  1874  he 
retired  from  active  Ufa 

ARTHUR,  Colonel  Sir  George,  of 
the  York  Chasseurs.  In  1814  he  was 
appointed  Superintendent  of  Honduras, 
which  he  held  until  1822.  In  1824  he 
arrived  in  Tasmania  as  Governor,  and 
remained  there  until  1836.  During  hia 
governorship  he  inaugurated  the  "  Black 
War"  by  arranging  a  cordon  across  the 
island  to  capture  the  blacks ;  only  one  waa 
captured,  and  the  cost  of  the  expedition 


ASPINALL— BADHAM. 


amoonted  to  £30,000.  He  was  afterwarcU 
appointed  Governor  o£  Bombay,  and  died 
in  England,  1844. 

ASPINALL,  Butler  Cole,  barrister- 
atrlaw,   bom   at    Xdverpool,   England,  in 
1830,  son  of  Rev.  James  Aspinall,  rector 
of  Althorp,    Lancashire,    but  previously 
offidating  at  Rochdale,  in  the  same  county. 
The  subject  of  this  notice  was  admitted  to 
the  Bar  in  1853,  and  for  some  years  pre- 
viously was  connected  with  the  Momiruf 
Ckronide  and  other  London  papera     In 
1854  he  arrived  in  Victoria,  under  engage- 
msnt  to  the  Argus  as  law  reporter.    He  was 
subsequently  a  contributor  to  the  Morning 
Htraldy  the  Age^  and  Melb&ume  Punch, 
but  commenced  to  practise  as  a  barrister 
QQ  leaying  the  Argu8»     His  wit  and  his 
ability  as  an  advocate  were  high  ;  and  the 
talent  he  display  ed  on  behalf  of  the  accused 
at  the  trial  of  the  Eureka  Rioters  gained 
him  a  great  colonial  reputation.     In  1856 
he   entered  Parliament  as    M.LA    for 
Talbot,  and  became    celebrated  for    his 
talents  as  a  debater.     He  was  a  member 
of  the  Heales  Government  in  1861 ;  and 
when  representative  for  Portland  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Macpherson  Government 
in  1869.     In  1868  he  came  to   Sydney 
and    ably     conducted    the     defence    of 
O'Fanell,  tried  for  the  attempted  assassi- 
BBtaon  of  Prince  Alfred.     He  was  com- 
piled to  resign  his  seat  in  Parliament  in 
1870  ;  and  in  1871  he  became  insane,  his 
mtellect  returning  only    a  short  period 
beiosehis  death,  which  event  took  place 
m  England,  April  4,  1875. 

ATKINSOJN^,  Gasoline  Louisa  Wab- 
ISG.     [See  Galvert,  Mbs.] 

"  AlJSTRALIE  "  is  the  nam  de  plume 
of  a  well-known  writer,  the  daughter  of 
Sr  W.  M.  Manning,  bom  in  Australia ; 
VIS  married  in  1873  to  Henry  Heron, 
!«}.  Mra  Emily  Australia  Heron  was 
edneated  bA,  a  private  school,  but  owed 
mdi  of  her  taste  for  literature  to 
the  late  Dr.  Woolley.  She  made  a  visit 
of  two  years  and  a  half  to  England,  and 
vaa  there  thrown  much  into  literaiy 
sxaety,  contributing  to  Golden  Hours^ 
and  MisB  a  F.  Yonge's  M&nMy  Packet 
Since  her  retam  to  the  colony  she 
has  oQ&tributed  to  the  Town  and  Cowniry 
Jmurmd;    and     for   the    last    six  years 


her  productions,  consisting  of  poems, 
tales,  reviews,  i&a,  have  appeared  in  the 
columns  of  the  Sydney  Morning  Herald 
and  the  Sydney  Mail,  A  small  volume  of 
her  poetry,  *'The  Balance  of  Pain,  and 
other  Poems,"  has  been  published  in 
England. 

AYERS,  Sir  Henry,  KC.M.G.  (1872), 
M.LG.,  was  bom  at  Portsea,  England, 
May  1, 1821.  He  was  brought  up  to  the 
law,  and  came  out  to  South  Australia  in 
1840,  where  he  continued  to  follow  his 
profession  until  1845,  when  he.  took  the 
management  of  the  Burra  Burra  Mines. 
In  1857  he  was  elected  a  Member  of  the 
Legislative  Gounci)  j  joined  the  Button 
Ministry  without  office  from  July  4 
to  July  15,  1863,  when  he  formed  a 
Ministry,  of  which  he  was  Ghief  Secre- 
tary and  Premier,  which  position  he  re- 
tained until  August,  1864 ;  until  March 
22,  1865,  in  Mr.  Blyth's  Ministry;  to 
September  20,  1865,  in  Mr.  Button's 
Ministry  ;  and,  until  October  23,  1865, 
in  his  own  Ministry,  retained  the 
Ghief  Secretaryship;  he  formed  another 
Ministry  May  3,  1867,  which  lasted  until 
September  23,  1868j  for  a  seventh  time^ 
October  13,  1868,'  a  Ministry  vrhidk 
existed  until  November  2,  1868  ;  heagais 
took  oihce,  January  22,  1872,  in  what  was 
known  as  Mr.  Ayers's  Ministry,  until 
March  4,  1872 ;  and  Sir  Henry  Ayers'a 
Ministry  imtil  July  21,  1873  ;  again,  July 
6,  1876,  until  October  26,  1877,  in  Mr. 
Golton's  Ministry — as  Ghief  Secretary  on 
every  occasion. 

BABHAM,  Gharles,  B.B.,  is  the  son 
of  GharlesBadham,  F.RS.,F.R.G.S.,  Regius 
Professor  of  Physic,  Glasgow  University, 
and  of  Margaret  (daughter  of  John 
Gampbell,  Esq.)  a  cousin  of  Thomas 
Gampbell,  the  Poet.  He  was  bom  at 
Ludlow,  in  the  county  of  Salop,  July  18, 
1813,  and  educated  under  the  celebrated 
Pestalozzi,  and  afterwards  at  Eton  ;  ob- 
tained a  scholarship  at  Wadham  Gollege, 
Oxford,  in  1830,  where  he  graduated  M.A. 
in  1837.  After  seven  years  in  Germany 
and  Italy,  he  was  incorporated  M.  A  of  St. 
Peter's  College,  Cambridge ;  ordained 
Beacon,  1847,  and  Priest,  1848;  appointed 
Head-master  of  King  Edward's  School, 
Southampton  in  1851 ;  B.B.  of  Cambridge 


8 


BAKER-BALFOUR 


in  1862;  in  1854  was  appointed  Head- 
master of  the  Proprietary  School,  Birming- 
ham ;  in  1 860  received  from  the  University 
of  Leyden  the  degree  of  Doctor  Literarum 
Honoris  Causa ;  in  1863  was  appointed 
Examiner  in  Classics  to  the  University 
of  London;  and  in  1867  Professor  of 
Classics  and  Logic  in  the  University  of 
Bydney.  He  has  been  twice  married,  in 
1848  and  in  1857,  and  has  four  sons  and 
four  daughters,  all  living  in  New  South 
Wales. 

BAKER,  HoK.  EzEKiEL  Alexander, 
M.L.A.,  was  bom  in  Middlesex,  England, 
in  the  yeai*  1823 ;  was  connected  in  early 
life  with  a  large  manufactory  business,  his 
father  and  grandfather  being  for  many  years 
contractors  for  military  stores  to  the  East 
India  Company  and  Board  of  Ordnance. 
He  came  out  to  this  colony  in  the  year  1853 
as  mineralogist  to  a  mining  company,  but 
the  company  breaking  up,  he  was  thrown 
on  his  own  resources.  After  many  vicis- 
situdes, he  was  in  1860  at  the  Lambing 
Flat  Grold  Field  at  the  time  of  the  Chinese 
i-iots.  He  refused  to  take  part  with  the 
rioters  in  the  attempt  to  drive  the  Chinese 
off  the  gold  field  by  physical  force,  but  was 
nevertheless  chosen  by  the  miners  to 
proceed  to  Sydney  to  petition  the  then 
(Governor,  Sir  John  Young,  not  to  proclaim 
martial  law  at  Burrangong  as  had  been 
threatened.  In  1866  the  great  mining 
rush  at  Grenfell  took  place,  and  he  started 
there  the  Mining  Record  newspaper.  In 
1870  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislative 
Assembly  for  the  Southern  Gold  Fields,  for 
which  constituency  he  now  sits,  having  been 
chosen  for  this  electorate  eight  times.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Gold  Fields  Committee,  and  after 
travelling  with  the  members  of  it  for  some 
months,  he,  in  conjunction  with  them, 
prepared  an  elaborate  report  on  the  state 
of  the  gold-fields  of  the  country.  In  the 
year  1873,  he  was  appointed  a  magistrate 
of  the  colony.  Upon  the  resignation  of 
Mr.  Garrett  as  Minister  for  Lands  in  the 
Robertson  Ministry  in  1877,  Mr.  Baker 
accepted  office  in  his  place.  This  ministry 
fell  in  March  of  that  year,  and  upon  Mr. 
John  Robertson  forming  a  new  adminis- 
tration in  August,  1877,  Mr.  Baker  took 
office  in  it  as  Minister  for  Mines.       This 


Government  lasted  only  about  five  months, 
and  upon  Sir  H^nry  Parkes  foiming  a 
Government  in  December,  '1878,  Mr. 
Baker  again  became  a  minister  with  the 
portfolio  of  the  Mining  Department. 

BALFOUR,  Hon.  James,  M.L.C.,  Vic- 
toria, youngest  son  of  the  late  John  Bal- 
four, merchant,  of  Leith,  Scotland ;  bom 
at  Edinburgh,  May,  1830 ;  educated  at 
Edinbui^h  Academy,  of  which  his  father 
was  one  of  the  projectors  and  shareholders, 
and  which  became  a  powerful  rival  of  the 
High  School.  After  leaving  school  he  en- 
tered an  office  in  Edinburgh,  and  in  1849 
went  to  London,  entering  there  on  a  busi- 
ness career.  In  1852  he  left  London  for 
Melbourne,  and  in  July,  1856,  became  a 
partner  in  the  firm  of  James  Henty  and 
Co.  In  1855  he  had  been  to  Geelong  to 
open  a  branch  establishment ;  whilst  there 
he  was  Director  of  the  London  Chartered 
Bank,  Cliairman  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, and  Trustee  of  the  Savings'  Bank, 
and  was  appointed  a  Territorial  magistrate 
by  the  Nicholson  Administration.  In 
1857  he  visited  England,  and  in  the  year 
following,  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
returning  to  Victoria  early  in  1859.  In 
April  of  that  year  he  married  Fninds 
Charlotte,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
James  Henty.  Having  previously  become 
a  Volunteer,  he,  on  his  return  to  Mel- 
bourne, commanded  the  St  Elilda  batteiy 
of  Artillery.  He  was  appointed  a  memb^ 
of  the  Board  of  Education  to  represent 
the  Presbyteiian  interest,  but  resigned  the 
position  on  his  second  visit  to  England. 
In  1866  he  contested  the  electoral  district 
of  East  Bourke  in  conjunction  with  the 
late  Mr.  M'Caw,  and  was  returned  by  n 
large  majority.  At  the  next  general  elec- 
tion he  again  stood  for  the  same  constitu- 
ency, and  was  returned  at  the  head  of  the 
poll.  Soon  after  this  he  made  a  voyage  to 
England,  leaving  in  1867,  and  returning 
in  1869.  He  secured  the  services  of  the 
Bev.  D.  Cameron  as  colleague  to  the  Bev. 
Dr.  Cairns  for  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
On  the  retirement  of  the  Hon.  W.  De- 
graves  from  the  Legislative  Council,  Mr. 
Balfour  contested  the  South  Province  with 
Mr.  W.  Taylor,  and  was  elected  by  a  large 
majority.  As  a  politician  he  has  always 
been  a   Liberal,   and    has    been    always 


BALLANCE— BARKER. 


0 


opposed  to  payment  of  members.  In  mer- 
euitile  maUeiB  he  ba«  occupied  an  impor- 
tant position  ;  and  has  been  Chairman 
of  Directors  of  the  Australian  Deposit  and 
Mortgage  Bank,  since  its  establishment' 
in  1874. 

BALLANCE,  Hon.  John,  was  bom  in 
Glenavy,  oounty  of  Antrim,  Ireland,  in 
Maich,  1839.  He  was  educated  partly  at 
the  National  and  partly  at  a  private  schooL 
At  the  age  of  18  he  was  apprenticed  to  an 
inminonger,  and  after  serving  his  time  went 
to  England,  and  for  several  years  was  a 
commercial  traveller  for  a  merchant  in 
Birmingham.  When  he  came  out  to  New 
Zealand,  he  became  a  journalist,  and 
started  the  Wanganui  HercUd.  He  entered 
Pariiament  in  1875,  and  became  Colonial 
Treasurer  in  1878,  in  Sir  George  Grey's 
Ministry. 

BANKS,  Sib  Joseph,  a  distinguished 
naturalist,  bom  at  Westniinster,  Middlesex, 
Engiand,  in  1743  ;  in  1760,  entered  as  a 
gentleman  commoner  at  Christ  Church  Col- 
1^,  Oxford.   In  1 764  he  came  into  posses- 
fvuiof  an  inheritance,  and  in  1766  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Boyal  Society.    In 
tJie  same  year  he  made  a  voyage  to  New- 
foundland for  the  purpose  of   collecting 
plants,  and  in  the  following  winter  i-etumed 
by  way  of  Lisbon.     At  this  time  he  made 
the   acquaintance    of     Dr.    Solander,    a 
Swedish  naturalist,  who  had  been  a  pupil 
of    Linnaeus,     and    had    recently    been 
^^ipt^ted  assistant  librarian  to  the  British 
Mnseam.    In  1 768,  Banks  and  Dr.  Solander 
accompanied  Captain  Cook  on  a  voyage  to 
the  South  Seas,  the  ostensible  object  being 
to  observe  the  transit  of  the  planet  Venus 
over  the  disc   of  the  sun.     Sir  Joseph 
Banks  and  Dr.  Solander  were  appointed 
^tttoralists  to  the  expedition.     Sir  Joseph 
Banks  remained  for  four  months  on  the 
Aland  of  Otaheite ;  called  at  and  named 
Botany  Bay  in  consequence  of  the  great 
^ety  of  flowers  and    plants  there  in 
August,  1770.      During  this  expedition 
Ss&ks  rendered  most  important  services 
^  the  cause    of    botanical    science;    of 
^ese,  many  parts   of  the  eastern  coast 
of   Australia  serve   by  their  names    as 
&  recognition,   not   the   least    important 
being  the  naming  of  that  beautiful  flower 
^Qiown   as   the   Banksia,      After    being 


absent  nearly  three  years  he  returned  to 
England  with  a  large  collection  of  speci- 
mens illustrative  of  natural  history.  He 
subsequently  made  a  voyage  to  Iceland  with 
his  friend  Dr.  Solander,  during  which  they 
examined  the  ^Hebrides,  and  were  the  first 
to  discover  the  columnar  stratification  of 
the  rocks  surrounding  the  caves  of  Stafia, 
an  account  of  which  was  published  in  the 
same  year,  1772,  by  Mr.  Pennant,  in  his 
''  Tour  in  Scotland."  A  large  addition  to 
his  various  botanical  collections  was  the 
result  of  this  voyage.  In  1777  Sir  Joseph 
Banks  was  elected  President  of  the  Royal 
Society,  which  position  he  held  till  his 
death  in  1820.  Sir  Joseph  Banks  be- 
queathed his  books  and  botanical  collections 
to  the  British  Museum. 

BARKER,  Right  Rev.  Frederic, 
D.D.,  Bishop  of  Sydney,  is  the  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  John  Barker,  Incumbent 
of  Barlow,  in  Derbyshire.  He  was  bom 
in  1808,  and  was  sent  at  an  early  age  to 
Grantham  School.  From  that  school  he 
went  to  Jesus  CoUege,  Cambridge,  where 
he  took  his  degree  of  B.A  in  1829.  In 
1831  he  was  ordained,  and  soon  after- 
wards was  appointed  to  the  living  of 
Upton,  in  Cheshire.  In  1835  he  was 
appointed  to  the  charge  of  tlie  parish  of 
E^gehill,  near  Liverpool  He  fulfilled 
the  work  of  this  important  charge  with 
such  zeal  and  ability  that  he  won  the  esteem 
of  the  Liverpool  clergy.  He  was  after- 
wards for  some  years  Incumbent  of  Bar- 
low, his  native  parish.  Dr.  Barker  has 
published  at  different  times  several 
religious  works,  amongst  which  is  a  ^'  Com- 
mentary on  Twenty-six  Psalms."  After 
the  decease  of  the  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Brough- 
ton,  the  first  bishop  in  this  part  of  the 
world,  he  was,  in  1854,  selected  by  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  succeed  that 
prelate  as  Bishop  of  Sydney  and  Metropoli- 
tan of  the  Province  of  Australia.  Down  to 
the  year  1836,  when  Australia  was  made  a 
See,  and  Dr.  Broughton  was  consecrated 
the  bishop,  these  colonics  were  included 
in  the  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  of 
the  Bishop  of  Calcutta.  Dr.  Brough- 
ton was  consecrated  Bishop  of  all 
Australia;  Tasmania  and  New  Zea- 
land were  included  in  his  charge. 
During  his   episcopate  the    diocjese   was 


10 


BAB.KER 


leveral  tiinea  divided.  The  Bishopric  of 
New  Zealand  was  formed  in  1841 ;  that 
of  Tasmania  in  1842.  In  1847  the 
Diocese  of  Adelaide,  including  the  whole 
Colony  of  South  Australia,  the  Diocese  of 
Melbourne,  which  is  co-tenninous  with 
the  Colony  of  Victoria^  and  the  Diocese  of 
Newcastle,  consisting  of  the  northern  part 
of  this  colony  and  what  is  now  Queens- 
land, were  separated  from  the  original 
diocesa  But  owing  to  the  rapid  increase 
of  population  and  the  advancement  of 
o^onization,  the  reduction  of  the  extent 
over  which  the  episcopal  authority  of  the 
Bishop  of  Australia  was  exercised  did  not 
diminish  the  importance  of  the  See. 
Within  the  reduced  limits  the  number  of 
clergy  and  of  churches  was  from  year  to 
year  largely  increased.  In  the  year  1850 
the  Diocese  of  New  Zealand  was  sub- 
divided, and  the  Bishopric  of  Lyttleton 
erected.  In  the  same  year  Western  Aus- 
tralia was  formed  into  a  See.  In  that 
year  also  action  was  taken  by  the  chief 
authorities  in  t^e  Church  of  England  in 
this  part  of  the  world,  which  prepared  the 
way  for  a  most  important  change  in  the 
constitution  and  operations  of  the  ChurcL 
This  was  the  meeting  in  Sydney  for  con- 
ference on  the  affairs  of  the  Province  of 
the  six  Bishops  of  Australia,  New  Zea- 
land, Tasmania,  Melbourne,  Newcastle, 
and  Adelaide.  These  prelates  agreed  to 
recommend  the  formation  of  diocesan  and 
provincial  synods  for  the  government 
of  the  Church  of  England  in  Austra- 
lasia. Dr.  Barker  was  duly  consecrated 
November  30  (St  Andrew's  Day),  1854. 
From  the  time  of  Bishop  Barker's  arrival, 
in  1855,  the  project  of  introducing 
Synodical  Church  Government,  which  he 
was  expected  to  inaugurate,  was  before  the 
Church.  After  prolonged  deliberations, 
and  thj3  abolition  of  the  State  and  Church 
System  by  the  passing  of  the  Grants  for 
Public  Worship  Prohibition  Act,  which 
removed  obstacles  and  made  the  necessity 
for  action  the  more  urgent,  the 
organization  so  much  desired  by  clergy 
and  laity  was  at  length  establi^ed,  and 
the  first  Synod  of  the  Diocese  of  Sydney 
met  December  5,  1866.  Bishop  Biarker, 
by  the  constitutions  of  the  Church,  is 
President  of  the  Synod.     Whilst  matters 


were  ripening  for  the  introduction  of  this 
new  development  of  church  life,  during 
the  first  eleven  years  of  the  episcopate  of 
Dr.  Barker,  he  succeeded  in  carrying  out 
important  schemes  for  the  advancement  of 
the  church's  work.  Under  his  auspices 
the  Church  Society  was  formed,  to  sustain 
the  operations  of  the  clergy  in  vanons 
parts  of  the  colony.  The  long  tours  which 
he  undertook  over  the  distant  parts  of  his 
diocese  led  to  important  results,  by 
awakening  in  the  more  populous  parishes 
a  lively  interest  in  the  spiritual  welfare  of 
those  who  are  situated  in  remote  local- 
ities, by  promoting  united  action  here,  and 
by  calling  the  attention  of  the  church  in 
the  mother  country  to  the  necessitieB  of 
the  colony.  By  these  journeys,  in  some 
of  which  he  was  accompanied  by  Mrs. 
Barker,  the  bishop  has  done  much  to 
promote  the  social  welfare  of  the  people, 
giving  to  those  id  the  remote  and  thinly- 
peopled  districts  assurance  that  they  are 
not  forgotten  in  the  centre  of  activity  and 
ambition,  and  stimulating  them  to  various 
efforts  for  self-improvement  In  conse- 
quence of  his  representations,  authoriair 
tion  and  means  were  obtained  for  the 
erection  of  another  diocese  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  colony.  On  March  25,  1863, 
Dr.  Mesac  Thomas  was  consecrated  as 
the  first  Bishop  of  Goulbum;  and  the 
diocese  of  Bishop  Barker  was  reduced  to 
about  half  its  former  extent  Acting  in 
the  same  spirit  of  zeal  for  the  welfare  of 
the  whole  church,  he  has  since  used  his 
influence  to  forward  the  erection  of 
another  diocese  in  the  west — ^the  diooese 
of  Bathurst,  which  was  established  in 
1869,  Dr.  Marsden  being  appointed  the 
first  bishop.  The  diocese  of  Newoaaile 
has  also  been  twice  divided  by  the  forma- 
tion of  the  diocese  of  Brisbane  in  1&64, 
and  of  that  of  Grafton  and  Armidale  in 
1867.  So  that  the  Bishop  of  Sydney  is  now 
the  Metropolitan  of  thirteen  dioceses — 
Sydney,  Tasmania,  Adelaide,  Melbourne, 
Newcastle,  Maitland,  Brisbane,  Perth, 
Goulbum,  Grafton,  Armidale,  Bathurst^ 
and  Rockhampton — all  formed  out  of  what 
was  thirtynaix  years  ago  only  an  outlying 
district  of  the  diocese  of  Calcutta.  The 
working  of  Synodical  Church  Grovem- 
ment   has    also  led  to    the    introduction 


BA£KLY— BABTLEY. 


11 


of  Enral  Deaneries  and  other  local 
orgaauations  for  the  more  complete 
development  of  church  life.  Dr.  BaAer's 
visitB  to  the  mother  country,  on  two 
preTioos  occasions,  and  during  the  past 
jfcur,  have  been  connected  with  designs  of 
prondingfor  the  formation  and  support 
of  new  bishoprics  within  the  province, 
tnd  other  plans  for  the  promotion  of  the 
vork  of  the  Church.  Mrs.  Barker  died  in 
Sydney  in  1876,  and  on  his  lordship's  third 
Tisit  to  £ngland,  lajst  year,  he  married  a 
second  time,  and  returned  to  the  colony 
in  October,  1878. 

BARKLY,  Sib  Henry,  K.C.B., 
G.C.M.G.,  bom  in  London,  1815,  educated 
tt  Brace  Castle,  Tottenham.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  British  Parliament  for 
Leominster  from  1845  to  1849;  appointed 
GoTemor  of  British  Guiana  in  December, 
1848 ;  Governor  of  Tasmania  1853 ; 
GoTemor  of  Victoria  1856 ;  in  1863  he 
vas  Goyamor  of  the  Mauritius ;  in  1870  he 
was  Governor  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope ; 
and  in  1877  he  retired  on  his  pension. 
He  was  twice  married^ — in  1840  to  Eliza- 
beth Helen,  daughter  of  J.  T.  Timins  of 
Hilfield,  Aidenham,  Herefordshire ;  (she 
died  in  Victoria ;)  and,  secondly  to  the 
dan^ter  of  General  Pratt. 

BA11LE£,  Frederick  Falorave,  was 
bom  at  Doolingworth,  county  Suffolk,  in 
1B27.  He  served  in  the  Ordnance  depart- 
ment from  1844  to  1855.  He  was  then 
appointed  Colonial  Secretary  of  Western 
Australia  and  a  memb^  of  the  Executive 
and  L^islative  Councils.  He  resigned 
bis  Beat  in  the  Council,  November,  1875, 
«nd  in  1877  was  appointed  Govempr  of 
British  Honduras. 

BARNET,  James,  Colonial  Architect, 
New  South  Wales,  bom  at  Arbroath, 
Scotland,  October  17,  1827,  was  educated  * 
at  the  High  School  there ;  went  to  London, 
in  1843,  and  was  apprenticed  to  a  builder 
&r  five  years ;  became  a  pupil  in  drawing 
SDd  design,  and  obtained  first  prize  under 
W.  Dyce,  KA.  He  studied  architecture 
for  three  years  under  C.  J.  Richardson, 
F.SlA,  and  was  employed  as  Clerk  of 
Works  to  the  Fishmongers'  Company,  but 
decided  to  emigrate,  and  arrived  in  Sydney 
it  the  end  of  1854 ;  was  engaged  for  some 
time   in   building  operations ;    obtained 


appointment  of  Clerk  of  Works  to  the 
Sydney  University.  In  1860  Joined  the 
Colonial  Architect's  department  In  1862 
appointed  acting  Colonial  Architect,  and 
Colonial  Architect  in  January,  1865, 
which  position  he  now  holds.  He  is 
architect  of  some  of  the  noblest  buildings 
in  the  colony, — ^notably,  the  new  Post 
Office,  the  new  Crown  Lands  Office,  Colo- 
nial Secretary's  Office,  and  the  Inter- 
national Exhibition  Building,  1879,  now 
being  erected  in  the  Sydney  Domain. 

BARRY,  SirEedhond,  ELkt.-Bachblor 
(1860),  KC.M.G.  (1877),  third  son  of 
the  late  Major-General  H.  G.  B&rry,  ot 
Ballyclough,  county  Cork,  was  bom  in 
1818.  He  is  descended  from  William 
de  Barry,  who  married  Angharad,  grand- 
daughter of  Bhys  Ap  Griffiths,  one  of  the 
ancient  Princes  of  Wales ;  and  the  pre* 
sent  head  of  his  family  is  Lord  Bany- 
more.  He  was  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  where  he  graduated 
B.A,  in  1833.  In  1838  he  was  called 
to  the  Bar,  and  the  next  year  arrived  in 
Sydney  ;  shortly  afterwards  proceeded  to 
Melbourne,  and  was  appointed  Commis- 
sioner of  the  Court  of  Bequests.  In  1850 
he  was  appointed  Solicitor-General  with  a 
seat  in  the  Legislative  and  Executive 
Councils,  and  the  following  year  he  was 
made  a  Judge.  In  1855  he  was  made  first 
Chancellor  of  the  University,  and  in  185S 
President  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Public 
Library.  In  1860  he  was  knighted,  and 
in  1862,  on  visiting  England,  was  chosen 
Commissioner  for  the  colony  at  the  Inter- 
national Exhibition.  In  1876  he  was 
Commissioner  for  tlie  colony  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Exhibition  ;  and  in  tho  absence  of 
both  the  Governor  and  the  Chief  Justice 
at  the  end  of  that  year,  he  for  a  few 
days  administered  the  government  of  Vic- 
toria. He  is  one  of  the  most  energetic, 
able,  and  accomplished  colonists  in  Aus- 
traJda,  and  the  magnificent  Public  Library^ 
Technological  Institution,  and  National 
Grallery  of  Victoria  bear  testimony  to  his 
learning,  his  taste,  and  zeal. 

BARTLEY,  William,  bom  at  Liver- 
pool, January  4,  1801  ;  in  1820  was 
admitted  an  attorney  of  the  King's  Bench. 
He  arrived  in  South  Australia  in  July, 
1839,  where  he  soon  took  a  leading  position 


Grw*^ 


">L 


?  r^/A-^^^ 


12 


BASS— BATMAN. 


in  his  profession.  He  retired  from  active 
business  about  1867 ;  but  was  aftarwaids 
appointed  solicitor  to  the  Lands  Titles 
Office,  a  position  he  still  holds. 

BASS,  George,  bom  at  Asworthy,  near 
Sleaford,  where  his  father  had  a  farm, 
and  died  during  his  sons  infancy.  The 
•widow  and  son  afterwards  went  to  i^e- 
side  at  Boston.  From  his  boyhood,  Bass 
showed  a  strong  inclination  for  a  sea- 
faring life,  to  which  his  widowed  mother 
was  much  opposed.  He  was  apprenticed 
to  Mr.  Fi*ancis,  a  surgeon  at  Boston  ;  and 
at  the  end  of  his  apprenticeship  walked 
the  hospitals  and  took  his  diploma  with 
honour.  But  his  inclination  for  the  sea 
being  unsubdued,  his  mother,  according 
to  a  promise  she  had  made,  jrielded 
to  his  wish,  and  sank  a  considerable 
sum  in  fitting  him  out  and  buying  a 
8hai*e  in  a  sliip,  which  was  totally  lost 
She  also  lost  a  great  deal  of  money  by  the 
breaking  of  a  bank ;  but  her  intimate 
friend,  Colonel  Gardiner,  on  hearing  of  it, 
insisted  upon  allowing  her  an  annuity  for 
lifa  He  was  surgeon  of  the  "  Reliance  " 
in  which  Governor  Hunter  came  out  to 
Sydney  in  1795.  Here,  with  Flinders  and 
one  boy,  he  made  two  exploring  voyaj^es, 
* — one  to  Botany  Bay,  the  other  to  Illa- 
wari'a.  In  1797  he  obtained  awhaleboat, 
and  with  six  men  and  six  weeks'  provisions, 
started  on  another  expedition.  By  prac- 
tising economy  and  obtaining  eggs  from 
sea-birds,  which  he  shot,  he  managed 
to  prolong  liLs  researches  for  eleven  weeks, 
during  which  he  explored  600  miles  of 
the  coast  to  Western  Port,  and  ascer- 
tained the  existence  of  the  Strait  that 
now  bears  his  name.  He  then  accom- 
panied Flinders  through  the  straits  and 
round  Tasmania,  in  the  **  Norfolk,"  of  25 
tons,  with  a  crew  of  eight  men.  Little  is 
known  of  him  subsequently.  Flinders  in 
1799  wiites  : — "Of  the  assistance  of  my 
able  friend  Bass  I  was  deprived,  he  having 
quitted  the  station  to  return  to  England." 
One  account  says  that  he  died  in  South 
America,  whilst  another  says  that  he  was 
last  heanl  of  in  the  Straits  of  Malacca. 

BATMAN,  John,  the  founder  of  Victoria, 
was  bom  in  1800,  at  Parramatta,  N.S.W. 
In  1820  he  went  to  Van  Diemen's  Land 
to  settle  there.     Active  warfare  was  going  J 


on  between  the  natives  and  the  colonists ; 
many  acts  of  cruelty  were  committed,  but 
the  object  of  the  Government  was  not  to 
destroy  but  to  capture,  and  his  services  at 
the  head  of  a  party  in  1829  drew  attention 
to  him.  He  married,  and  had  one  son  and 
seveiul  daughters.  At  this  time  he  resided 
on  a  flourishing  farm  at  Kingston.  In 
1835  an  association  was  formed  in  Van 
Diemen's  Land,  consisting  of  Messrs.  John 
Batman^  Joseph  Tice  Geljibran5i,  Jameg 
and  William  "Pobcrtson,  Henry  Arthur 
John  ?Sinciair,  Uharles  Swanston,  James_ 
Simpson,  J  oim  TJiomas  (JoUicott,  Anthony, 
Connolly.  Thomas  Bannigter.  ^nd  John 
Helder  WeJye^to  colonize  Port  Phillip. 
It  was  determined  by  the  Association  that 
Batman  should  at  once  cross  over  to  Port 
Phillip  with  a  view,  as  Batman  states  in 
his  journal,  '^  of  secretly  ascertaining  the 
general  character  and  capabilities  of  Port 
Phillip  as  a  grazing  and  agricultural  dis- 
trict.''  He  embarked  at  Launceston  in  his 
craft  the  "  Rebecca,"  15  tons.  Captain  Har- 
wood,  on  Sunday,  May  10,  1835,  to 
examine  the  shores  of  Port  Phillip.  He 
wtis  accompanied  by  his  own  servants  and 
some  Sydney  blacks.  Pigeon,  Ci*ook,  and 
others,  but  through  contrary  winds  did 
not  sail  until  the  18th.  Ho  ultimately 
reached  Port  Phillip  Heads  on  Friday, 
May  29th.  On  Tuesday,  June  2nd,  he 
approached  what  from  its  description  may 
be  supposed  to  be  the  site  of  Williamstown, 
and  prepared  for  a  run  up  the  salt  water 
river.  The  next  day  he  went  off  on  his 
expedition  with  some  Sydney  blacka 
Walking  many  miles  and  wanting  fresh 
water,  one  of  the  party,  Gumm,  managed 
to  find  some  by  digging  a  little  well 
with  a  stick.  On  Thursday  morning, 
named  Mounts  Wedge  and  Sams,  after 
two  others  of  the  Association.  He 
traversed  the  Keilor  Plains  and  the 
Deep  Creek,  and  calculated  he  had  been 
thirty  miles  that  day.  On  Friday  he  took 
a  west-north-west  direction,  crossing  more 
creaks,  one  of  which  he  oedled  after  his 
wife  ''Eliza."  Smoke  was  seen  to  the 
eastward,  and  he  travelled  round  to 
it  On  June  6th  they  started  with  the  ex- 
pectation of  coming  up  with  the  natives ; 
they  were  alongside  Merri  Creek,  called 
"  Lucy  "  after  one  of  Batman's  daughters. 


BATMAN 


13 


It  was  here,  on  the  banks  of  the  Merri  or 
Lucy  Creek — about  the  site  of  Northcote, 
and  ov^looking  the  adjoining  sands  of  Col- 
Mngvood  Flat — that  he  made  his  memor- 
able treatj  with  the  aborigines,  the  history 
of  which  he  relates  as  follows : — "  After 
some  time,  and  full  explanation,  I  found 
eight  chiefs  amongst  them,  who  possessed 
the  whole  of  the  territory  near  Port  Phillip. 
Three  brothers,  all  of  the  same  name,  were 
the  principal  chiefis,  and  two  of  them  men 
of  six  feet  high,  and  very  good-looking ; 
the  other  not  so  tall,  but  stouter.  The 
o^er  five  chiefs  were  fine  men.  After  a 
fall  explanation  of  what  my  object  was,  I 
purchased  two  large  tracts  of  land  from 
them — about  600,000  acres,  more  or  less, 
anddeUvered  over  to  them  blankets,  knives, 
looking-glasses,  tomahawks,  beads,  scissors, 
flour,  <bc.,  &C.J  as  payment  for  the  land ; 
and  also  agreed  to  give  them  a  tribute,  or 
rent,  yearly.  The  parchment  the  eight 
ehiefs  signed  this  afternoon,  delivering  to 
me  some  of  the  soil,  each  of  them,  as  giving 
me  full  possession  of  the  tracts  of  land.'' 
The  Sunday  journal  relates: — "Detained 
this  morning  some  time  drawing  up  tripli- 
cates of  the  deeds  of  the  land  I  purchased, 
and  dehvenng  over  to  them  more  property. 
Just  before  leaving,  the  two  principal  chiefs 
came  and  brought  their  two  cloaks,  or 
Tojtl  mantles,  and  laid  them  at  my  feet, 
wishing  me  to  accept  the  sama  On  my 
consenting  to  take  Uiem,  they  placed  them 
round  my  neck  and  over  my  shoulders,  and 
seemed  quite  pleased  to  see  me  walk  about 
with  them  on.  I  had  no'  trouble  to  find 
out  their  secret  marks.  One  of  my  natives 
(Bungett)  went  to  a  tree,  out  of  sight  of 
^e  women,  and  made  the  Sydney  natives' 
mark.  After  this  was  done,  I  took  with 
me  two  or  three  of  my  natives  to  the  prin- 
cipal chief,  and  showed  him  the  mark  on 
the  tree,  l^iis  he  knew  immediately,  and 
pointed  to  the  knocking  out  of  the  teeth. 
The  mark  is  always  made  when  the  cere- 
mony of  knocking  out  the  teeth  in  the 
ht)nt  is  done.  However,  after  this  I 
desired,  through  my  natives,  for  him  to 
make  his  mark ;  which,  alter  looking 
about  some  time,  and  hesitating  some  few 
'oinutes,  he  took  the  tomahawk  and  cut  out 
in  the  hark  of  the  tree  his  mark,  which  is 
attached  to  the  deed,  and  is  the  signature 


of  the  country  and  tribe."  Only  those 
who  are  acquainted  with  native  habits  in 
the  wild  state  can  appreciate  the  action  q£ 
Mr.  Batman.  He  was  so  popular  with 
them  that  not  a  few  secrets  would  be 
imparted  to  him.  *'  His  daughtex^  informed 
me  that  he  had  been  once  admitted  into 
some  of  their  mysteries,  and  made  a 
chief."  Then  in  Tasmania,  his  long  resi- 
dence amongst  the  blacks  there,  his  agree- 
able  manners  along  with  them,  and  his 
curiosity  and  enterprise,  with  many  years' 
experience,  his  knowledge  was  beyond, 
perhaps,  any  man  in  the  country.  Though, 
therefore,  his  critics  may  not  appreciate 
these  apparently  absurd  rites,  and  may 
regard  him  as  a  self-deluded  enthusiast,  oar 
something  worse,  it  is  clear  that  there  was 
a  meaning  in  all  that  satisfied  himself. 
The  deed  drawn-up  by  Mr.  Gellibrand  was 
intended,  by  its  formal  language,  primarily 
to  satisfy  the  scruples  of  the  civilised. 
This  was  the  treaty  : — "  Know  all  persons^ 
that  we,  three  brothers,  Jagajaga,  Jagajaga^ 
Jagajaga,  being  the  three  principal  chiefs,, 
and  also  Cooloolock,  Bungarie,  Yanyan^ 
Moowhip,  Monmarmalar,  being  the  chiefs  of 
a  certain  native  tribe  called  DutigaUar, 
situate  at  and  near  Port  Phillip,  called  by 
us,  the  above-mentioned  chiefs,  Irausnoo 
and  Geelong,  being  possessed  of  the  tract 
of  land  hereinafter  mentioned,  for  and  in 
consideration  of  twenty  pair  of  blankets, 
thirty  knives,  twelve  tomahawks,  ten 
looking-glasses,  twelve  pair  of  scissors, 
fifty  handkerchiefs,  twelve  red  shirts, 
four  flannel  jackets,  four  suits  of  clothes, 
and  50  lbs.  of  flour,  delivered  to  us  by 
John  Batman,  residing  in  Yan  Diemen's 
Land,  Esquire,  but  at  present  sojourning 
with  us  and  our  tribe,  do,  for  ourselvesi 
our  heirs,  and  successors,  give,  grant, 
enfeofi*,  and  confirm  unto  the  said  John 
Batman,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  all  that  tract 
of  country  situate  and  being  in  the  bay 
of  Port  Phillip,  known  by  the  name  of 
Indented  Head,  but  called  by  us  G^long,. 
extending  across  from  Geelong  Harbour 
about  due  south  for  10  miles,  more  or  less, 
to  the  head  of  Port  Phillip,  taking  in  the 
whole  neck  or  tract  of  land  containing  about 
100,000  acres,  as  the  same  hath  been  before 
the  execution  of  these  presents  delineated 
and  marked  out  by  us,  according  to  th& 


14 


BATBKAir. 


custom  of  our  tribe,  hj  certain  marks  made 
upon  the  trees  growing  along  the  boun- 
daries of  the  said  tract  of  land,  with  all 
advantages  belonging  thereto,  unto  and  to 
the  use  of  the  said  John  Batman,  his  heirs, 
^d  tract  of  land,  and  place  thereon,  sheep 
and  cattle,  yielding  and  deUvering  to  us 
and  assigns,  to  the  meaning  and  intent 
that  the  said  John  Batman,  his  heirs  and 
assigns,  may  occupy  and  possess  the  same, 
and  our  heirs  and  successors  the  yearly 
lent  or  tribute  of  £%  pair  of  blaLket^, 
fifty  knives,  fifty  tomaliawks,  fifty  pair  of 
scissors,  fifty  looking-glasses,  twenty  suits 
of  slops  or  clothing,  and  two  tons  of  flour. 
In  witness  thereof,  we,  Jagajaga,  Jagajaga, 
Jagajaga,  the  three  principal  chiefs,  and 
also  Cooloolock,  Bungarie,  Yanyan,  Moo- 
whip,  and  Monmarmidar,  the  chiefs  of  the 
eaid  tribe,  have  hereunto  afiSixed  our  seals 
to  these  presents,  and  have  signed  the  same. 
Dated,  according  to  the  Clinstian  era,  this 
6th  day  of  June,  1835. — ^Signed,  sealed, 
and  delivered  in  the  presence  of  us,  the 
same  having  been  fully  and  properly  inteiv 
prcted  and  expledned  to  the  said  chief& 

'  Jaoajaoa,  his  x  mark. 

Jagajaga,  his  x  mark. 

Jagajaga,  his  x 

CoOLOOLOCK,  his 

Bungarie,  his  x 
Yakyan,  his  X  mark. 
Mokmarmalar,  his  x  mark. 

["jA^fES  GUMM, 

(Signed)  ^  Wm.  Todd. 

(John  Batman. 
^Be  it  remembered  that  on  the  day  and 
year  within  written,  possession  and  delivery 
of  the  tract  of  land  within-mentioned  was 
made  by  the  within-named  Jagajaga,  Jagar 
jaga,  Jagajaga,  Cooloolock,  Bungarie,  Yan- 
yan, Moo  whip,  Monmarmalar,  chiefs  of  the 
tribes  of  natives  called  Dutigallar-Geelong, 
to  the  within-named  John  Batman,  by  ihe 
said  chiefs,  taking  up  part  of  the  soil,  and 
delivering  the  same  to  the  said  John  Bat- 
man, in  the  name  of  the  whole. 
Jagajaga,  Bungarie, 

Jagajaga,  Yanyan, 

Jagajaga,  Moowhip, 

CooLooLooK,        Monmarmalar, 
In  presence  of    James  Gumm, 

(Signed)    Alexander  Thomson, 
Wm.  Todd." 


(Signed) 


mark. 
X  mark, 
mark. 


[The  other  deed  was  almost  precisely 
similar,  and  it  is  only  necessary  to  give 
the  first  paragraph  of  it] 

"  Knowall  persons,  that  we,  three  brothers, 
Jagajaga,  Jagajaga,  Jagajaga,  being  the 
paincipal  chiefs^  and  also  Cooloolock,  Bun- 
garie, Yanyan,  Moowhip,  and  Monmar- 
malar, also  being  the  chiefs  of  a  certain 
native  tribe  called  Dutigallar,  situate  at 
and  near  Port  Phillip,  called  by  us  the 
above-mentioned  chiefs  Tramoo,  being  pos- 
sessed of  the  tract  of  land  hereinafter 
mentioned,  for,  and  in  consideration  of 
twenty  pair  blankets,  thirty  tomahawks, 
one  h^^  kniveB,  fift7  pdr  of  scissor^ 
thirty  looking-glasses,  two  hundred  hand- 
kerchiefs, and  one  hundred  pounds  of  flour, 
and  six  shirts,  deUvered  to  us  by  John 
Batman,  residing  in  Yan  Diemen's  Land, 
Esquire,  but  at  pi^sent  sojourning  with  us 
and  our  tribe,  do,  for  ourselves,  our  heirs 
and  successors,  give,  grant,  enfeoff,  and 
confirm  unto  the  said  John  Batman,  his 
heirs  and  assigns,  all  that  tract  of  country 
situate  and  being  in  Port  Phillip,  running 
from  the  branch  of  the  river  at  the  top  of 
the  port,  about  7  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  40  miles  north-east,  and 
from  thence  west  40  miles  across  Tramoo 
downs  or  plains,  and  from  thence  south- 
south-west  across  Mount  Yilumamatar  to 
Ceelong  Harbour,  at  the  head  of  the  same, 
and  containing  about  500,000,  more  or  less, 
acres.     (Signed,  as  above.)" 

The  territory  thus  purchased  included 
all  the  western  side  of  Port  Phillip  Bay. 
Leaving  Batman's  Creek,  named  '*  after 
my  own  good  self,"  and  the  chiefs  with 
whom  he  had  made  his  treaty,  he  passed 
along  Maria's  Valley,  named  after  his 
eldest  daughter,  and  reached  a  forest. 
This  from  the  description  must  be  what 
is  now  called  the  Royal  Park,  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Melbourne.  Anxious  to  get  to 
his  vessel,  l3ring  at  the  mouth  of  the  Salt- 
water Eiver,  he  found  as  he  descended 
from  the  highland  that  he  would  have  to 
cross  what  is  now  known  as  Batman's 
Swamp.  On  Sunday,  June  7th,  he  walked 
along  the  Yarra.  He  determined  to  leave 
three  white  men — Gumm,  Dodd,  and 
Thompson — ^with  three  Sydney  natives — 
BuUett,  Bungett,  and  Old  Bull — ^upon 
Lidented  Head,  with  three  months  supply. 


BAYUB— BELL 


15 


whilst  be  returned  to  Van  Diemen's  Land. 
Taking ^th  him,  therefore,  on  board,  the 
Port  Phillip  presents  of  spears,  wommeras, 
boomerangs,  and  stone  tomahawks,  he 
tried  to  get  from  Williamstown  waters. 
But  tbe  winds  w^ere  as  unwilling  for  him 
to  quit  the'  land  as  they  had  been  for  him 
to  visit  it.  Too  active  to  lose  time  he 
took  a  row  up  the  Tarra.  This  is  his 
story :  "  The  boat  went  up  the  large  river, 
▼bich  comes  from  the  east,  and  I  am*  glad 
to  state  about  six  miles  up  found  the  river 
aD  good  water  and  very  deep.  This  wiU 
h  the  place  for  a  vilkige. "  Hastening  back 
from  the  future  Melbourne  Wharf  he 
landed  at  Indented  Head  on  the  Tuesday. 
All  his  Sydney  men  wanted  to  stay,  so  he 
permitted  Pigeon  and  Joe,  the  marine,  to 
remain  with  the  rest — eight  in  all.  They 
were  directed  to  plant  garden  seeds,  fruits, 
and  potatoes.  He  left  apples  and  oranges 
with  them  and  also  six  dogs,  and  gave 
Gumm  written  authority  to  put  off  any 
person  or  persons  that  might  trespass  on 
the  land  he  purchased  from  the  natives. 
Shaking  hands  all  round,  the  sea  party  got 
throu^  the  heads  on  Sunday  evening,  ran 
SO  mOes  that  night,  and  entered  George- 
town at  6  on  the  Thursday  morning,  with 
a  fair  wind  up  to  Launoeston,  June  18, 
1835.  Batman  returned  to  Victoria  and 
^lent  the  rest  of  his  days  there  ;  he  died, 
May,  1840. 

BAYLIS,  Henbt,  bom  in  Edinburgh 
in  1826,  son  of  Captain  Baylis,  of  the 
17th  R^iiment.  He  arrived  in  the  colony 
with  his  parents  in  1831.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  King's  School,  Farramatta.  Li 
1852  he  was  appointed  Clerk  of  Petty 
SesBions  at  Hartley,  and  in  1857  Police 
Magistrate  at  Wagga  Wagga^  which  office 
he  still  holds.  In  1863  he  was  severely 
wounded  in  an  encounter  with  two  bush- 
langers,  Morgan  and  Clarke,  one  of  whom 
he  shot,  and  in  which  his  cool  courage  was 
very  conspicuous.  In  1870  he  was  ap- 
pointed appraiser  of  runs  in  the  Biverina 
District,  but  the  fatigues  of  the  office,  with 
his  old  wounds,  brought  on  a  dangerous 
Olneas.  In  1875  the  Government  pre- 
aented  him  with  a  gold  medal  in  recogni- 
tion of  his  services  in  the  cause  of  order. 

BAYLY,  Nicholas  Paget,  of  Havilah, 
was  bom  in  1814,  at  Bayly  Park  (now 


Fleurs),  South  Creek,  N.S.W.,  and  is  the 
son  of  the  late  Nicholas  Bayly.  In  1828 
he  went  to  England  to  complete  his  educa- 
tion, and  remained  there  about  four  years. 
Shortly  after  his  return  he  took  charge  of 
Messrs.  Lawson's  stations  at  Mudgee, 
Coolah,  and  Liverpool  Plains.  Having 
gained  experience,  he  began  the  formation 
of  flocks  of  his  own  by  the  purchase  of 
stud  sheep,  consisting  of  rams,  imported 
by  the  late  William  Lawson,  Esquire,  from 
the  flocks  of  King  Geonre  UI,  and  from 
ewes  imported^e  B^e  gentlienuui  from 
Saxony,  and  became  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful Australian  breeders,  most  of  the 
prize  flocks  in  the  colonies  owing,  in  some 
measure,  their  formation  to  him.  He 
challenged  the  Colony  of  Victoria  to  com- 
pete with  New  South  Wales  in  the  quality 
of  their  wool,  and  himself  gained  the 
prize.  He  is  a  magistrate  of  the  territory. 
His  practical  demonstration  of  the  interest 
he  takes  in  the  advancement  of  the  colony 
and  in  the  prosperity  of  all  classes  and 
interests  in  it,  have  won  for  him  a  deserved 
popularity.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  beautiful 
estate  and  station  near  Mudgee^  called 
Havilah 

BELL,  Hon.  Joshua  Peter,  President 
of  the  Legislative  Council,  Queensland, 
bom  in  county  Kildare,  Ireland,  1 826.  The 
family  emigrated  to  New  South  Wales  in 
the  year  1830,  when  the  subject  of  this 
notice  was  only  four  years  of  age  ;  he  was 
educated  first  at  the  Sydney  College^ 
and  completed  his  education  at  King's 
School,  Parramatta.  In  the  year  1847, 
Mr.  Bell  came  to  the  Moreton  Bay  district, 
Queensland,  and  with  his  father  and 
brothers  acquired  a  magnificent  property, 
known  as  Jimbour,  near  Dalby,  where 
they  attained  considerable  fame  as  wool- 
growers,  taking  champion  prizes  at  the 
Intercolonial  Exhibitions  in  the  colonies 
against  all<comers  in  one  year,  and  com- 
manding top  prices  more  than  once  in  the 
English  market  Mr.  Bell  first  entered  the 
Parliament  of  Queensland  in  the  year  1 863, 
and  on  the  formation  of  the  Palmer 
Ministry  in  1871,  accepted  office  in  that 
administration  as  Colonial  Treasurer, . 
which  position  he  held  for  nearly  five 
years,  until  1 874.  During  this  time  he  de- 
livered some  sound  conunon-sense  financial  > 


16 


BELMORE— BENNETT. 


speeches  which  were  eulogised  by  the  Press. 
He  represented  Dalby  iinintemiptedlj  in 
Parliament  till  his  appointmment  as  Presi- 
dent. Legislative  Council,  March,  1879. 
He  married  Miss  Dorsej,  a  daughter  of 
Dr.  Dorsey,  and  has  several  children. 

BELMORE,  Earl  of,  Somerset  Rich- 
ard CoRRY,  Earl  of  Belmore,  Viscount  and 
Baron  Belmore  of  Castle  Coole,  county 
Fermanagh,  in  the  peerage  of  Ireland,  was 
bom  April  9,  1835.  He  succeeded  to  the 
title  in  1845,  and  was  elected  one  of  the 
representatives  of  the  Irish  peers  in  the 
House  of  Lords  in  1857.  In  1867  he  was 
appointed  Governor  of  New  South  Wales. 
During  his  term  of  government  occurred 
the  vifiat  of  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  and 
the  attack  on  the  Prince's  Hfe  at  Clontarf. 
Nothing  of  any  great  importance,  politi- 
cally, took  place  during  Lord  Belmore's 
residence,  but  his  lordship  showed  himself 
the  ever-ready  patron  of  useful  and  charit- 
able institutions.  Married  in  1861,  Ann 
Elizabeth  Honoria,  second  daughter  of  the 
late  Captain  Gladstone,  R.N.  Has  four 
daughters  and  one  son,  Armar,  who  was 
bom  May  5,  1870,  in  Sydney. 

BENNETT,  Samuel,  bom  March  20, 
1815,  in  Cornwall,  England.  Came  to 
Australia  in  1841,  under  special  engage- 
ment to  Messrs.  Stevens  and  Stokes,  pro- 
prietors of  the  S.  M,  Herald,  and  found 
employment  for  his  energy  and  ability  in 
the  typographical  department  of  that  paper. 
He  continued  in  that  office  with  Messrs. 
Kemp  and  Fairfax  during  their  partnership, 
and  with  Mr.  John  Fairfax,  and  was  for 
seventeen  years  superintendent  of  the 
printing  department.  In  1859,  in  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  William  Hanson,  he  pur- 
chased the  Empire  newspaper,  which  had 
been  first  started  by  Mr.  (now  Sir)  Henry 
Parkes  in  1850  ;  and  the  firm  Hanson  and 
Bennett  conducted  that  paper  for  sev- 
eral years  as  a  daily  and  also  as  a 
weekly  journal.  Mr.  Bennett  then  be- 
came sole  proprietor  of  the  Empire ;  and 
whilst  continuing  that  paper  started  first 
the  EveniTig  Neios  in  1867,  and  then,  in 
1870,  the  weekly  newspaper  Tlie  Avstror 
lian  Town  and  Country  Jownud,  Besides 
what  he  has  accomplished  in  joumaUsm, 
Mr.  Bennett  wrote  a  book,  which  has  be- 
come a  Ltandard  work  of  reference,  "  The 


History  of  Australian  Discovery  and  Colo- 
nisation."    This  history  begins  with  the 
very  earliest  notices  of  the  .Great  South 
Land  in  the    writings    of    ancient   geo- 
graphers,   and   traces,    with   remarkable 
fullness  and    accuracy,   the    progress   of 
discovery    and    settlement  down  to  the 
year   1831.      It   was  first  published,  in 
sections,    in    the    weekly    Empire,    and 
afterwards    in    one    volume.       The    in- 
creasing business  connected  with  the  prin- 
ting office  and  the  publication  of  the  jour- 
nals prevented  the  author  from  continuing 
the  history,  as  he  hoped  to  do,  down  to  a 
later  period.     Mr.  Bennett  conjoined,  to  a 
degree    that    few    have    done,    personal 
literary  work,  of  a  kind  that  is  fitted  to 
endure,  with  the  successful  management 
of  a  large  newspaper  business ;  and  what 
he  has  accomplished  in  his  day  will  be  long 
remembered  in  Australia.     He  died  at 
his  residence,  Mundarrah  Towers,  Little 
Coogee,  Sydney,  N.S.W.,   June  2,  1878. 
BENNETT,    William    Christopheb, 
was  bom  in  Ireland  in  1823.     He  was 
employed  as  a  pupil  on  railway  surveys  in 
Ireland  fix>m  1840  to  1845;  as  assistant 
engineer  in  charge  of  drainage  works  in 
Ireland  till  1852.  During  the  next  twoyears 
he  was  in  France  and  in  South  America, 
where  he  relieved  Lieutenant  Strain  and 
his  missing  party  at  no  small  personal 
risk,  for  which  he  received  the  thanks  of 
the  United  States  Government  At  the  end 
of  1 854  he  proceeded  to  New  South  Wales, 
and  for  ten  months  was  assistant  surveyor 
in  the  Survey  department.    In  April,  1 856, 
he  was  made  assistant  engineer  to  the  Com- 
misssion  for  the  Sewerage  and  Water  Sup- 
ply of  Sydney.     From  beginning  of  1857 
until  September  he  was  engaged  in  the 
Railway  Department,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Department  of  Roads,  which 
he  assisted  Captain  (now  Colonel)  Martin- 
dale  in  organising.     He  left  for  England 
in  January,  1861,  and  i-etumed  in  Novem- 
ber, 1862,  when  he  was  appointed  Commis- 
sioner and  Engineer-in-Chief  for  Roads, 
New  South  Wales,  which  situation  he  now 
holds,  having,  in  addition,  been  employed 
on   Commissions  on  the   Western    Gold 
Fields,  and  on  Narrow-gauge   Railways, 
also.  Water  Supply  of  Sydney  and   the 
Drainage  of  the  Hunter  River. 


BERRY— BINNEY. 


17 


BERRY,  HoK.  Alexander,  M.L.C., 
bom  in  Fifeshire,  Scotland,  •November  30, 
1781.  He  was  educated  at  Cupar  School, 
and  at  St.  Andrew's  and  Edinburgh 
Universities,  where  he  studied  for  the 
medical  profusion.  He  went  out  to 
India  in  the  service  of  the  Company,  and 
remained  some  years  in  that  country.  He 
then  entered  upon  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  first  visited  Sydney  in  1808,  as  cap- 
tain of  the  ship  "City  of  Edinburgh." 
In  1809  he  visited  New  Zealand  to  pro- 
cure a  cargo  of  spars  for  the  Cape  of  G<x>d 
Hope.  Being  informed  that  a  ship  had 
been  taken  by  the  natives  at  Wangaroa, 
he  succeeded  by  great  exertions  in  rescuing 
the  survivors  from  the  vessel — a  woman, 
two  infants,  and  a  boy  named  Davies. 
After  this  voyage  he  settled  in  Sydney,  in 
partnership  with  Mr.  Edward  Woolston- 
craft,  whose  sister  he  married.  In  the 
year  1820  he  explored  the  valley  of  the 
Shoalhaven  River,  where  he  obtained  a 
large  free  grant  of  land  In  1825  he  cut 
a  dyke  from  the  river  to  Crookhaven. 
His  partner  died  in  1832,  and  his  wife  in 
1845,  leaving  no  children.  Mr.  Berry 
▼as  one  of  the  nominee  Members  of  the 
^nt  Legislative  Council,  and  was  appointed 
a  Member  of  the  Upper  House  in  1856  ; 
this  position  he  retuned  until  1861.  He 
died,  September  17,  1873. 

BERRY,  Hon.  Grahah,  M.L.A.,  bom 
at  Twickenham,  near  London,  August  28, 
1822  ;  educated  at  Chelsea,  and  was  in 
business  there  for  several  years  as  a  draper 
and  silk-mercer.  He  came  out  to  Vic- 
toria in  1852,  and  went  into  business 
as  a  wine  and  spirit  merchant.  He 
visited  England  in  1856,  returning  the 
next  year.  In  1860  he  was  elected  for 
East  Melbourne,  and  in  1861  for  ColUng- 
wood,  but  was  rejected  in  1865.  In  1866 
he  purchased  the  GeeUmg  Register,  and 
went  to  reside  in  Geelong.  He  was 
elected  for  Geelong  West  in  1868.  In  1870 
he  took  office  as  Treasurer,  but  the  Govern- 
ment soon  afterwards  resigned.  In  1871 
he  again  took  the  post  of  Treasurer  and 
Commissioner  of  Customs,  and  passed  the 
present  protectionist  tariff  of  20  per  cent. 
ad  valorem  dutie&  In  1872  the  ministry 
resigned.  In  1875,  on  the  resignation  of 
Mr.  Service,  *Mr.  Berry  formed  his  first 


administration,  taking  the  post  of  Chief 
Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Being  defeated 
on  the  land  tax,  and  refused  a  dissolution, 
he  resigned.  In  1877  he  was  returned  for 
Geelong,  under  the  new  Electoral  Act,  and 
formed  his  present  ministry.  In  December, 
1878,  in  consequence  of  the  dead-lock 
between  the  two  Houses  of  Legislature,  he 
proceeded,  with  Mr.  Pearson,  as  Ambassa- 
dor, to  London,  to  ask  the  British  Parlia- 
ment to  settle  the  difficulty. 

BIGGE,  CoHMissioKER  John  Thomas, 
appointed  as  King's  Commissioner  to  in- 
quire into  the  affairs  of  the  colony.  His 
mission  was  "  to  examine  into  all  the  law 
regulations  and  usages  of  the  settlement  of 
the  territory  and  its  dependencies,  and  into 
every  other  matter  or  thing  in  any  way 
connected  with  the  administration  of  the 
Civil  Government,  the  superintendence  and 
reform  of  the  convicts,  the  state  of  the 
Judicial  and  Ecclesiastical  Establishments, 
revenue,  trade  and  resources."  The  cause 
of  this  Imperial  mission  originated  in  the 
idea  which  the  Imperial  Government  began 
to  entertain,  that  the  time  had  arrived 
when  transportation  to  New  South  Wales 
might  be  discontinued  as  a  matter  of 
expediency.  Mr.  Bigge  arrived  in  New 
South  Wales  in  the  "John  Bariy,"  Sep- 
tember 25,  1819.  These  investigations 
extended  over  two  years,  and  in  January, 
1822,  Mr.  Bigge's  reports  (three  in  number) 
were  printed  by  order  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  The  first  report  dealt  with  the 
question  of  Penal  Discipline ;  the  second 
with  the  Judicial  Establishment ;  and  the 
third  with  Ecclesiastical  matters,  and  Trade 
and  Agriculture.  The  result  of  this  Com- 
mission was  that  the  Commissioner  did  not 
advise  the  discontinuance  of  transportation, 
but  a  modification  of  the  system  of  disci- 
pline. With  reference  to  the  Judicial 
business,  he  recommended  that  the  salaries 
of  the  Judges  should  be  increased,  instead 
of  receiving  a  portion  of  the  Court  fees, 
which  they  were  then  allowed  to  do.  Mr. 
Bigge  was  accompanied  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Hobbes  Scott,  as  Secretary.  His  labours 
being  terminated,  Mr.  Bigge  embarked  for 
England,  wit^  Mr.  Scott,  in  HLM.  Ship 
"  Dromedary,"  February  14,  1821. 

BINNEY,  Rev.  Thomas,  bom  1798, 
at  Newcastle  on  Tyne,  England ;  educated 


18 


BLACK— BIAND. 


at  Hymondley  College ;  oommenced  as 
mmister  of  the  Independent  Chapel,  Isle 
o£  Wight ;  removed  in  1829  to  London,  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  King's  Weigh-house 
Chapel ;  he  delivered  many  able  addresses  ; 
was  the  first  to  introduce  chanting  into 
the  services  of  Independent  congregations. 
In  1845  he  visited  the  United  States 
and  Canada ;  in  1857  set  out  <m  a  tour 
through  the  Australian  Colonies,  where  he 
preached  and  lectured  to  large  audienoea 
His  correspondence  with  the  Bishop  of 
Adelaide,  commenced  by  His  Lordship, 
excited  much  attention  when  it  appeared 
in  the  English  and  Australian  journals. 
Mr.  Binney  continued  his  labours  in  Aus- 
tralia about  two  years,  after  which  he 
returned  to  England  and  resumed  his  duties 
as  pastor  of  the  King's  Weigh-house  ChapeL 
During  his  stay  in  Australia  he  publi^ed 
a  work  on  *^  The  Bishop  of  Adelaide's  idea 
of  the  Church  of  the  future,"  which  has 
since  been  issued  in  London,  with  additional 
matter,  under  the  title  of  "Lights  and 
Shadows  of  Clf\irch  Life  in  Australiay" 
including  "  Thoughts  on  Some  Things  at 
Home."     He  died  February  24,  1874. 

BLACK,  Neil,  bom  at  Cowal,  Argyle- 
Mre,  in  1804.  Until  1837  he  Uved  with 
his  elder  brother  Walter,  and  acquired  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  breeding  and 
management  of  stock.  He  then  deter- 
mined to  emigrate,  and  entered  into  a 
paHnership  for  five  years  with  Mr.  Finiay, 
of  Toward  Castle,  Mr.  W.  E.  Gladstone, 
and  Mr.  Stewart  of  Glenormiston  ;  and  in 
April,  1839,  came  out  to  Adelaide,  Mel- 
bourne, and  Sydney,  and  settling  at  Mel- 
bourne, purchased  a  station  at  Glenormis- 
ton. In  1843  he  returned  to  Scotland  to 
see  his  partners,  and  the  partnership  was 
renewed ;  in  1845  he  returned  to  Melbourne 
and  took  up  additional  land  at  Warry- 
.enga.  Sheep  did  not  thrive,  but  Mr.  Black 
did  well  there  with  cattle.  In  1852  he 
again  visited  home  for  two  years,  where 
he  married  Miss  Grace  Greenshield  Lead- 
better,  and  in  1856  returned  with  her  to 
Victoria.  He  was  shortly  afterwardselected 
to  the  Legislative  Council,  for  the  Western 
Province.  In  1865  he  sold  Warryenga. 
In  1868  the  partnership  was  finally 
dissolved.  Mr.  Black  is  one  of  the  most 
successful  breeders  of  stock  in  Victoria. 


BLAND,    WiLLiAK,  M.RC.S.,  bom 
in  London,  IKTovember  5,  1789.      Beixig 
the  son  of  a  difitingiiiflhed  medical  prac- 
titioner, he  WM  designed  from  an  early 
age  to  follow  his  father's  profession.     Chi 
leaving    Merchant    Taiiors'    School,     he 
became  his  fatherls  pupil,  but  attended  the 
lectures  of    the  most  distinguiahed  pn>- 
foBsors  of  the  day  in  anatomy,  physiology, 
and  general  pathology.     When  scaroely  of 
age  he  was  admitted  a  member  of  the 
Boyal  College  of  Surgeons,  and  soon  after- 
wards   received  an  appointment  in  the 
Koyal  Navy.     The  venel  to  which  he  had 
been  assigned  was  under  orders  to  sail  for 
Bombay.      Mr.  Bland,  like  most  young 
men  of  his  social  status  «t  that  time,  had 
been  brought  up  with  peculiar  notions  of 
"  honour" ;  and  being  a  young  man  of  an 
energetic    physique  and  quick  tempera- 
ment, he  was  eacoly  ofl^uded.     Some  mis- 
understanding  having,  during  the  early 
part  of  the  voyage^  arisen  between  him  and 
the  purser  of  the  ship,  it  culminated  in  a 
quarrel  when  the  vessel  neared  the  Persian 
Gulf,  and  a  duel  was  arranged  between 
the  irate  parties  when  they  reached  land. 
It  came  ofl^  and  proved  fatal  to  the  purser, 
who  fell  at  the  first  shot.    An  insinuation  of 
unfairness  on  the  part  of  Lieutenant  Ban- 
dall  led  to  a  second  duel,  in  which  neither 
principal  was  hurt,  but  both  were  afterwards 
arrested,  subsequently  tried  at  Calcutta,  and 
sentenced  to  seven  years'  transportation. 
Mr.  Bland  was  exiled  to  Sydney,  where  lie 
arrived  in  1814,  and  in  seven  or  eight 
months  later  began  to  practise  his  profes- 
sion, a  free  pardon  having  in  the  meantime 
been  granted  to  him.      Whilst  smarting 
under    domestic   affliction    of   the   most 
serious    description,   Mr.    Bland    libelled 
Governor  Macquarie,  was  tried  before  the 
Supreme  Court,  in  its  criminal  jurisdiction, 
and  fined  ^£50   with  twelve  nK>nths'   in 
Parramatta  Gaol,  every  day  of  which  ^vas 
rigidly  exacted.     On  lus  release,  he  begaji 
that  creditable  course  of  public  duty  and 
philanthropy  with  which  his  name  will 
be  ever  associated.     Next  to  Wentworth, 
Australia   is    indebted    to    him  for  the 
political  institutioDfi  she  now  enjoya    His 
energetic  action    as    a    member  of    the 
Patriotic  Association,  his  letters  to  CharleB 
Buller,  M.P.,  on  the  indefeasible  ri^ts  o£ 


BLAXLAJnO— BLIGH. 


19 


the  colonista,  and  his  attention  to  ihe  public 
ciuritieB,  gained  for  bim  a  deserved  popu- 
larity, which  reeulted  in  his  return,  in 
1843,  as  one  of  the  Members  for  Sydney, 
to  the  first  elective  Legislature,  the  old 
OoimciL  It  would  be  impossible  within 
these  limits  to  give  even  a  resiMni  of  his 
public  career.  On  his  retirement  from  the 
Council,  consequent  on  his  defeat  (in  1846) 
for  the  representation  of  Sydney  by  Mr. 
Lowe,  Dr.  Bland  devoted  himself  to  the 
prur^ce  of  his  profession  and  to  those 
philanthropic  labours  which  endeared  him 
to  hundreds  of  his  fellow-colonists.  He  died 
suddenly  at  his  residence,  College-street, 
m  the  morning  of  Tuesday,  July  21, 
1868,  im  the  79th  year  of  his  age.  The 
attendance  at  his  funeral  showed  how 
greatly  he  was  appreciated  by  all  classes 
of  the  community.  His  mortal  remains — 
the  first  ever  conveyed  from  ihe  Mortuary 
Oiapel — ^were  interred  at  the  Necropolis, 
where  a  suitable  monument  has  been 
erected  to  his  memory. 

BLAXLAND,  Greoobt,  bom  in  Kent 
in  1771,  married  in  1798  Eliza,  daughtw 
of  John  Spurden,  Esq.  In  1806  he  come 
out  to  Sydney  with  his  wife  and  three 
AiWren-  In  1813  he,  wi<^  W.  C.  Went- 
▼orth  and  lieutenant  Lawson,  was  the 
first  to  pof  orm  the  heroic  work  of  crossing 
the  Blue  Mountains,  which  had  several 
^mes  previouflly  been  unsuccessfully  at- 
tempted. In  1 822  he  visRed  £kigland,  and 
&tRn  what  he  saw  at  the  Cape  on  that 
voyage  introduced  the  cultivation  of  oaten 
hav  in  ihe  colony.  He  died  January  3, 
1853. 

BLAXLAND,    How.    John,  M.L.C., 

Wn  at  Fordwich,  in   Kent,  January  4, 

1769.  He  belonged  to  one  of  the  oldest 

<:ounty  &unilies  in  England,  and  was  edu- 

^ted  at  Sling^s  School,  Caiaterbury.     He 

h^ed  ofu  his  estate  in  Kent  until  1807, 

viien,  partly  induced  by  the  request  of  the 

&i^h  Grovemment,  he  emigrated  to  New 

8outh  Wales.     He  was  one  of  the  first 

unniigrants  who  brought  a  large  capital  to 

thft  colony.      He  liad  married  in  1797, 

Htfriet,  dau^ter  of  John  Louis  de  Mar- 

q^et,  o€  Calcutta.     He  joined  in  the  depo- 

Qt3on  of  GovetiKor   Bfi^  in   1808.     In 

1B24  he  was  nominsted  to  the  Legislative 

Coonol,  and  xefteoned  his  seat  in  it  until 


1844,  when  fibiding  the  duties  too  much 
for  his  advanced  age  he  resigned.  He  died 
August,  5,  1845.  He  distinguished  him- 
self by  his  protests  in  the  Council  against 
pensions  for  Home  services,  whid^  he 
thought  should  not  be  paid  from  the  Colo- 
nial revenue. 

BLEASDALE,  Jomi  Iokatiub,  D.D., 
was  bom  at  Twirkham,    Lancashire,  in 
1822.       He    was    educated     at     private 
schools  at  Preston,  and  in  1836  entered 
the  English  College,  at  Lisbon,  where  he 
remained  for  eight  years,  when  ill  health 
compelled  him  to  return  to  England,  and 
he  completed  his  studies  at  St.  Mary's  Col- 
lege, Oscott,  under  Br.  (Cardinal)  Wiseman, 
by  whom  he  was  ordained  priest.     For 
five  years  he  was  Employed  as  garrison 
chaplain  at  Weedon.     In  1851  he  arrived 
in  Melbourne,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
In  1855  he  became  Vice-President  of  St. 
Patrick's    College,    and     originated     the 
Microscopic  Society.     In  1865,  when  on 
the  Royal  Ccnmnission  of  the  first  Inter- 
colonial Exhibition,  he  obtained  a  grant 
of  £10,000,  to  be  expended  on  the  hall  of 
the  Technological  and  Industrial  Museum. 
In  1875  he  obtained  the  expenditiue  of 
£2,000  for  a  School  of  Chemistry.     He  is 
perhaps  best  known  by  his  writings  on 
special  mineralogy  and  on  wines.     He  was 
ior  several  years  private  secretary  to  the 
Bishop  of  Melbourne. 

BLIGH,  William,  was  bom  in  1768. 
In  1789  he  was  sent  in  the  '^Bount/'  to  the 
South  Sea  Islands.  The  History  of  tiie 
Mutiny  of  the  "Bounty^  is  well-known, 
and  his  boat  voyage  of  3,500  miles 
to  the  Island  of  Timor  without  having 
lost  a  man,  is  worthy  of  record.  Bligh 
subsequently  reached  England,  and  nar- 
rated the  history  of  his  adventures, 
when  he  was  again  sent  out  to 
the  South  Seas,  and  accomplished  the 
object  of  his  mission,  viz.,  obtaining  bread- 
fruit and  others  to  be  transported  to  the 
islands  of  the  West  Indies.  In  1806  he 
was  appointed  Governor  of  New  South 
Wales,  but  ihe  severity  of  his  measures 
caused  him  to  be  arrested  by  order  of  the 
Civil  and  Military  Officers  of  the  colony, 
which  event  took  place  January  26, 
1808.  He  returned  to  En^aod  in  1809, 
where  he  died  in  1817.     His  conduet  in 


2d 


BLYTH— BOUCAUT. 


New  South  Wales  was  upheld  by  the 
British  Government,  and  those  who  were 
instrumental  in  his  arrest  received  pun- 
ishment. 

BLYTH,  Sir  Arthur,  Knt.,  C.M.G., 
Agent-Creneral  in  Ix)ndon  for  South  Aus- 
tralia, was  bom  at  Birmingham,  March 
21,  1823,  and  ^as  educated  at  King 
Edward's  Grammar  School  in  that  town. 
He  arrived  in  the  colony  in  1839,  with  his 
father  and  brothers,  and  was  engaged  in 
business  until  1861,  when  he  retired  He 
was  elected  a  Member  of  the  South  Aus- 
tralian Parliament  under  the  N^  Consti- 
tution soon  after  its  establishment,  and 
devoted  himself  earnestly  and  studiously 
to  the  business  of  political  life.  He  took  a 
prominent  position  in  many  ministries,  and 
was  appointed  Agent-General,  February 
16,  1877,  on  the  death  of  the  former 
Agent,  Francis  S.  Dutton,  C.M.G.  After 
this  appointment  he  received  the  honour  of 
Ejiighthood  from  Her  Majesty,  with  the 
Companionship  of  the  Order  of  St. 
Michael  and  St.  George. 

BONNY,  Charles,  born  at  Sandon, 
near  Stafford,  England,  October  31, 
1813  ;  was  educated  at  the  Grammar 
School  at  Bugby  in  the  same  county. 
In  1834  he  went  to  Sydney  as  clerk 
to  Sir  W.  Burton.  In  April,  1838, 
he  brought  the  ^ist  lot  of  cattle  overland 
from  New  South  Wales  to  South  Australia^ 
and  the  following  year  brought  over 
another  lot  by  the  southern  route,  which 
he  was  the  first  to  open  up.  Shortly  after- 
wards he  settled  in  South  Australia.  In 
1842  he  was  appointed  Commissioner  for 
Crown  Lands,  which  he  held  until  the  end 
of  1857.  In  1869  he  was  made  Manager 
of  Kailways,  and  in  1871  was  removed  to 
the  office  of  Inspector  of  ^' Lands  Purchased 
on  Credit,"  and  this  appointment  he  still 
holds. 

BOOTHBY,  Hon.  Benjamin,  late  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  South  Australia, 
bom.  at  Doncaster,  Yorkshire,  February  5, 
1803  ;  was  called  to  the  Bar  as  Barrister- 
at-law  at  Gra3r's  Inn,  London,  and  was 
afterwards  appointed  Bevising  Barrister 
for  the  West  Biding  of  Yorkshire, 
and  was  Becorder  of  Pontefract  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1853,  he  received  from  Her  Majesty 
the  appointment  of  Second  Judge  of  the 


Supreme  Court  of  South  Australia,  and 
was  sworn  in  October  17th  of  the  same 
year.  Owing  to  his  objections  to  the 
"  Beal  Property  Act "  (Torrens  Act)  he 
was  moved  from  the  office  of  Judge  by  the 
Parliament  of  the  colony,  in  July,  1867. 
He  died  June  21,  1868. 

BOOTHBY,  JosiAH,  C.M.G.,  Under- 
Secretary  in  the  South  Australian  (rovem- 
ment,  bom  at  Nottingham,  April  8, 1837 ; 
entered  the  service  as  clerk  in  the  office  of 
Colonial  Secretary  in  1863,  was  transferred 
to  Audit  Office,  1854,  and  advanced  to  be 
Chief  Clerk  in  1856.  He  was  transferred 
to  the  Chief  Secretary's  office,  where  he 
became  Chief  Clerk  in  1859  ;  (Jovemment 
Statist  and  Superintendent  of  Census  in 
1 860 ;  assistant  secretary  and  Government 
Statist  in  1866 ;  Under  Secretary  in  1868 ; 
Corresponding  Member  of  the  Statistical 
Society  of  London  in  1869 ;  Qommissioner 
for  the  International  Exhibition,  1872 ; 
Executive  Commissioner  for  South  Aus- 
tralia at  the  Paris  Exhibition,  1878 ;  after 
which  he  received  the  order  of  C.M.G., 
and  the  Cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honour  of 
France. 

BOOTHBY,  William  Robinson,  Sheriff 
of  South  Australia,  was  bom  September 
26,  1829.  Took  his  degree  of  BA.  at 
the  London  University;  arrived  in  the 
colony  with  his  father.  Judge  Boothby,  and 
&.mily  in  1853;  was  appointed  Sheriff  and 
Retuming-Officer  in  1854,  and  Marshall 
of  the  Vice- Admiralty  Court  in  1862.  He 
also  holds  the  office  of  Comptroller  of  Her 
Majesty's  Gaols  and  Labour  Prison,  and  is 
on  the  Council  of  the  Senate  of  the  Adelaide 
University.  He  has  utilised  the  prison 
labour  successfully  in  the  cultivation  of  the 
olive,  and  has  published  a  valuable  little 
work  on  the  subject. 

BOUCAUT,  Hon.  Jakes  Penn,  son 
of  the  late  Captain  Boucaut,  H.RLC.S., 
was  bom  near  Falmouth,  in  Cornwall, 
England,  October  29,  1831 ;  educated  at 
the  Bev.  Mr.  Hayley's  school  in  that 
county.  In  1846  he  came  out,  with  his 
&.ther,  to  Adelaide.  He  spent  a  few  years 
in  the  interior,  and  then  devoted  himself  to 
the  study  of  law  under  the  direction  of  0. 
Fenn,  Esq.  In  November,  1855,  he  was 
called  to  die  Bar ;  entered  Parliament  in 
the  beginning  of  1862,  having  been  elected 


BOURKK 


21 


by  the  City  of  Adelaide,  on  the  retirement 
from  llie  Assembly  of  Mr.  Hanson,  who  was 
then  appointed   Chief  Justice.    In  1863, 
Mr.Boucaut  was  defeated  in  East  Adelaide, 
and  remained  for  two  years  out  of  Parlia- 
ment     In  October,    1865,  having  been 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  poll  for  West 
Adelaide,  he,  in  conjunction  with  the  late 
Hon.  J.   Baker,    negotiated   an   alliance 
between  the  late  Mr.  Hart  and  several 
gentlemen  who  joined  the  Grovermnent  of 
^e  latter,  formed  by  him  on  the  defeat 
of  Mr.  Ayers's  Grovemment;  and  in  March, 
1866,  on  Mr.  Hart's  departure  from  the 
colony  for  England,  Mr.  Boucaut  form^ 
a  Government  consisting  of  himself,  Su- 
A  Blythe,  Sir  Wm.  Milne,  Mr.  DuffieW, 
and  Mr.  English.     This  Government  was 
broken  up  in  April,  1867.     Mr.  Boucaut, 
on  his  retirement,  had  a  Q.C.8hip  pressed 
upcm  him  by  the  Chief  Justice  and  by  the 
Governor,  Sir  D.  Daly,  but  he  then  de- 
clined it     Subsequently,  he  wasfrequently 
solicited  to  take  office,  but  declined  till 
1872,  when  he  joined  Mr.  Hughes's  short- 
lived Ministry,  principally  to  establish  a 
mairiin  he  had  laid  down,  and  then  fought 
for   with  great    energy,   viz.,    that    the 
(Jovemor   of  South   Australia    was   not 
entitled,  under  all  circumstances,  and  at 
all    times,    absolutely    to    say   that    the 
framer  of  the  Government  should  be  neces- 
sarily the  head  of  the  GrOvemment     Mr. 
Boucaut  was  then  out  of  office  till  June, 

1875,  when  he  formed  the  Boucaut  Ministry, 
to  carry  out    the   celebrated    "Boucaut 
Policy,"    This  Ministry  was  re-constituted 
by  Mx.  Boucaut  on  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
Way  to  he  Chief  Justice  and  the  retire- 
ment of  Mr.  Morgan  and  Mr.  Colton,  the 
latter  of  whom   was  anxious  to  attend 
for  a  time  more  closely  to  his  business. 
"Qie  re-(x>n8tituted  Ministry  was  defeated 
on  the  meeting  ^f  Parliament  in  June, 

1876,  on  the  ground  that  Mr.  Boucaut  had 
joined  some  of  his  opponents.     The  suc- 
ceeding Ministry  under  Mr.  Colton  adopted 
Mr.  Boucaut's  policy  with  regard  to  the 
carrying  out  of  public  works  without  his 
policy  of  increasing  the  revenue  and  emi- 
gration.    Mr.    Colton's  Government  was 
removed,  however,  from  office  in  October 
following,  by  reason  of  an  attempt  to  coerce 
the  Upper  House,  and  Mr.  Boucaut  again 


took  office.  He  was  distinguished  by  his 
opposition  to  plutocracy  and  his  consistent 
advocacy  of  the  rights  of  all  parts  of  the 
community.  He  was  opposed  to  extreme 
views  and  attempts  at  sudden  changa 
He  sought  to  avoid  anything  like  a 
€k>vemment  of  surprises  and  shows,  and 
to  introduce  a  grand,  but  cautious  and 
gradual  policy,  so  as  to  legislate  for  the 
future.  He  had  faith  in  the  development 
of  beneficial  results  from  right  action ;  and 
did  not  sacrifice  a  far-seeing  purpose  for 
the  sake  of  a  present  advantage,  nor  would 
he  court  popularity  by  the  sacrifice  of  his 
own  independenca  He  was,  perhaps,  of  all 
Australian  politicians  the  most  national, 
looking  not  only  to  the  business  of  South 
Australia,  but  to  the  whole  of  these 
colonies.  He  had  seen  and  publicly  de- 
clared his  belief  in  the  community  of 
interest  between  South  Australia  and  New 
South  Wales.  Consequently,  he  advocated, 
as  a  matter  of  the  highest  importance  to 
both  of  them  and  to  the  whole  of  Australia, 
the  maintenance  of  a  good  understanding 
between  these  two  coloniea  In  the  work 
of  railway  extension  Mr.  Boucaut  tried 
for  a  union  of  the  two  colonies ;  and 
applied  to  the  N.  S.  W.  Government  for 
authority  to  carry  out  the  railway  from 
Adelaide  into  WentwortL  Mr.  Boucaut 
also  started,  and  to  a  large  extent  carried 
into  effect,  the  policy  of  constructing  a 
railway  from  Adelaide  across  the  continent 
to  Port  Darwin.  Of  this  grand  line,  200 
miles,  reaching  to  the  Government  Gums, 
and  opening  up  one  of  the  finest  tracts  of 
country  in  the  world,  is  in  course  of  con- 
struction. With  these  costly  works  in  pro- 
gress, the  colony  of  South  Australia  has  a 
smaller  debt  and  less  taxation,  in  propor- 
tion to  its  population,  than  any  other 
Australian  colony  ;  and  this  prosperous 
financial  condition  is  due  in  a  great  measure 
to  the  sound  policy  and  the  firm  resolution 
of  Mr.  Boucaut  He  resigned  office  in 
September,  1878,  and  accepted  a  Puisne 
Judgeship  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  South 
Australia. 

BOURKE,  Lt. -General  Sir  Richard, 
KC.B.,  bom  in  1778  ;  educated  at  West- 
minster and  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford ; 
entered  the  army  in  1798 ;  was  in  Holland 
during  the  campaign  of  1799,  with  the 


n 


B0WEHr--BOWKER.* 


Duke  cA  Yorky  and  aeverely  fronnded. 
In  1806  he  was  appcMiited  Quartermaater- 
General  in  South  America;  was  present 
at  tbe  storming  and  siege  of  Monte  Video, 
and  in  the  expedition  against  Buenos 
Ayrea  He  served  in  the  Peninsnbi  from 
1809  to  1814 ;  was  appointed  lient.- 
Governor  of  the  Eastern  District  of  the 
Gape  of  Good  Hope  in  1825 ;  Crovemor- 
in-Ohief  of  New  South  Wales  from  1631 
to  1837 ;  died  at  his  seat  in  Limerick, 
Ireland,  in  1855.  In  1835  he  was  created 
a  Knight  Commander  of  the  Order  of  the 
BatL  The  people  of  New  South  Wales 
erected  a  magnificent  bronze  statue  to  his 
memoTj  in  the  Domain,  Sydney,  and  it 
bears  the  following  inscription,  which 
records  his  services  for  the  people  : — ^'  This 
statue  of  Ideutenant-Creneral  Sir  Richard 
Bourke,  ELC.B.,  is  erected  by  the  people 
of  New  South  Wales,  to  record  his  able, 
honest)  and  benevolent  administration  from 
1831  to  1837.  Selected  for  the  govern- 
ment at  a  period  of  singular  difficulty,  his 
judgment,  urbanity,  and  fimmess  justified 
the  choice.  (Comprehending  at  once  the 
vast  resources  peculiar  to  ^s  colony,  he 
applied  them  for  the  first  time  systema- 
tically to  its  benefit  He  voluntarily 
divested  himself  of  the  prodigious  influence 
arising  from  the  assigmnent  of  penal 
labour,  and  enacted  just  and  salutary  laws 
for  the  amelioration  of  penal  disciplina 
He  was  the  first  Governor  who  published 
satisfactory  accounts  of  the  public  receipts 
and  expenditure.  Without  oppression  or 
detriment  to  any  interest,  he  raised  the 
revenue  to  a  vast  amount,  and  from  its 
surplus  realized  extensive  plans  of  immi- 
gration. He  established  reUgious  equality 
on  a  just  and  firm  basis,  and  sought  to 
provide  for  all,  without  distinction  of  sect, 
A  sound  and  adequate  system  of  national 
education.  He  constructed  various  public 
wcrks  of  permanent  utility.  He  founded 
the  flourishing  settlement  of  Fort  Phillip, 
and  threw  open  the  wilds  of  Australia  to 
pastoral  enterprise.  He  established  Savings 
Banks,  and  was  the  patron  of  the  first 
Mechanics'  Institute.  He  created  an 
equitaUe  tribunal  for  determining  upon 
claims  to  grants  of  lands.  He  was  the 
warm  friend  of  the  liberty  of  the  Press. 
He  extended  trial  by  juiy  after  its  almost 


total  suspension  for  many  yeara  Bytii^se 
and  numerous  other  measures  iat  tke 
moral,  religious,  and  general  inqtrovement 
of  all  dairaes,  he  raised  the  colony  to 
unexampled  prosperity,  and  retired  amid 
ihe  reverent  and  affectionate  regret  of  the 
people,  having  won  their  confidence  by 
his  integrity,thear  gnCtitude  by  his  servioea, 
their  admiration  by  his  public  talents,  and 
their  esteem  by  lus  private  worth."  Sir 
Richard  Bourke's  daughter  was  married  to 
Mr.  (now  Sir)  £.  Deas  Thcmison,  Imperial 
Colonial  Secretary  for  New  South  Wales. 

BO  WEN,  S»  Geobge  Ferouson,  bom 
in  Ireland  in  1821,  is  the  son  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  Bowen.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Charterhouse  School,  and  at  Trinity 
College,  Oxford.  In  1847  he  was  ap- 
pointed President  of  the  University  of 
Corfu,  which  post  he  held  for  four  years, 
and  obtained  reputation  by  his  ^'  Ithaca  in 
1850,"  and  '<  Mount  Athos,  Thessaly,  and 
Epirus,"  as  well  as  for  his  criticisms  on 
Lord  Seaton,  the  Commissioner.  In  1854 
he  was  made  Chief  Secretary,  and  held 
that  office  until  1859.  He  married,  in 
1856,  Countess  Roma,  daughter  of  Count 
Roma,  then  President  of  the  Senate.  He 
was  appointed  first  Governor  of  Queens- 
land in  1859,  and  was  received  with 
enthusiasm ;  but  before  his  eight  years' 
administration  closed,  a  period  of  depres- 
sion came  over  the  colony,  and  Sir  G. 
Bowen  was  blamed  for  what  perhaps 
was  due  rather  to  the  circumstances  of  the 
times  than  to  any  fault  of  his.  In  IS 67 
he  was  appointed  to  New  Zealand,  and 
during  his  five  years'  government  was 
highly  pc^ular.  In  1872  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  important  government  of 
Victoria,  in  a  highly  complimentary  des- 
patch from  the  Home  Government  He 
was  appointed  Grovemor  of  the  Mauritius 
in  1879,  and  left  Melbourne  in  March  for 
his  destination  amidst  the  acclamations  of 
the  people. 

BOWKER,  Richard  RrrHER  Stskr, 
M.L.A.,  born  in  Lincolnshire,  August  30, 
1815.  At  the  age  of  1 6  he  was  apprenticed 
at  the  Nottingham  General  Dispensary. 
After  serving  his  time  there  he  became 
a  student  of  medicine  in  Scotland ;  after- 
wards in  London,  and  finally  in  Paris. 
He  commenced  his  profession  at  Bingham, 


BOWMJlN— BOYD. 


23 


k  NottmghaDBshire,  st  the  age  of  22,  azid 
([Bieklj  gained  an  extensive  practice ;  but 
hb  health  failing  £rom  overwork,  a  sear 
TOjBge  was  thongiit  necessary.  After  two 
yof^  M  medkal  gaperintendent  ol  an 
immigrant  ship,  he  passed  a  short  time  in 
Newcastle,  N.S.W.  He  then  spent  two 
jesn  in  travelling  in  the  East  Indies,  for 
the  purpose  of  medical  researches  in  that 
part  of  the  world,  and  in  1853  returned 
to  settle  in  Newcastle.  He  was  elected 
Member  of  the  Leg^lative  Assembly  for 
Newcastle  in  1856,  but  on  the  dissolution 
of  the  House  in  l8o%  did  not  offer  him- 
self for  re-election.  In  1858  he  married 
Lydia^-youngest  daughter  of  Mr.  FhilHps, 
of  the  Pateraon,  who  died  in  1878  leaving 
eight  children.  In  1873  he  removed  from 
Newcastle  to  reside  at  Avoca,  Darling 
Point,  and  in  1877  was  re-elected  Member 
of  the  Legislative  AssCTably  for  New- 
castle, which  position  he  still  retaioa. 

BOWMAN,  Geoboe,  was  bom  in  Scot- 
land in  1795w  His  father,  Mr.  John 
Bowman,  brought  his  family  out  to  New 
South  Wales  in  the  year  1798.  George, 
yie  second  son,  when  he  grew  up,  devoted 
himself  to  pastoral  pursuits.  In  1843  he 
was  elected  a  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  for  the  Hunter  Eaver  districtb 
He  died  at  hia  reaiidence  at  Richmond, 
August  26,  1878. 

BOYD,  Benjamin,  scm  of  Edward 
Bsyd,  Esq.,  of  MaiK)n  Hall,  Wigton, 
K3.,  is  descended  from  an  ancient 
Scottish  family.  He  was  bom  about  the 
yesr  1796,  and  came  out  to  Sydney  in 
1840-41,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing 
the  various  branches  of  the  Boyal  Bank 
<tf  Australia.  He  purchased  station  pro- 
perty extensively  in  the  Monaro  district, 
Biverina,  Queensland,  and  elsewhere.  He 
node  a  settlement  at  Twofold  Bay  with 
»m>  than  one  object  in  view.  L  the 
fizst  place  he  erected  a  large  store  there 
^the  purpose  of  supplying  his  stations 
on  Monaro,  so  as  to  save  the  heavy 
eipense  attending  carriage  overland  idl 
the  way  from  Sydney.  Then  he  erected 
iradses  for  boring-down  the  sheep  into 
tiUow.  He  at  the  same  time  speculated 
Ittgpiy  in  whaHng;  and  Twofold  Bay  was 
tke  readezvona  for  his  whale  ships.  On 
Uie  lontk  head  of  Twofidd  Bay  he  erected 


a  light-house  for  the  purpose  of  directing 
vessels  coming  to  his  wharf ;  but  this  was 
a  scheme  which  proved  abortive,  since  the 
New  South  Wales  Government  refused  to 
permit  the  exhibition  of  a  light,  unless  a 
guarantee  were  given  for  its  constant 
maintenance.  Another  business  which  he 
carried  on  extensively,  was  shipping  cattle 
to  Tasmania,  New  Zealand,  and  other 
marketa  Mr.  Boyd  had  also  in  view  the 
making  of  Boyd  Town  a  place  of  commer^ 
dal  importance,  by  stealing  a  march  on 
the  Government,  which  had  made  Eden  the 
official  township.  Another  of  Mr.  Boyd's 
many  enterprises  deserves  particular  notice. 
He  was  the  first,  or  amongst  the  first,  to 
attempt  to  procure  cheap  labour  by  the 
employment  of  South  Sea  Islandess.  He 
en^g^  a  large  steamer,  with  five  smaUer 
vessels  as  tenders  for  this  enterprise.  His 
experiment  was  made  with  natives  from 
the  New  Hebrides.  He  landed  several 
ship-loads  of  the  natives  at  Twofold  Bay, 
and  despatched  them  to  hia  stations  in 
the  interior ;  some  were  allotted  to  hia 
station  at  Deniliquin,  and  others  were 
sent  to  Ulupna,  on  the  Murray.  They 
were  engaged  to  act  as  shepherds  or  hut- 
keepers  for  a  term  of  yea«,  at  6d.  per 
week,  with  a  now  shirt  and  a  Elilmamock 
cap  every  year.  A  very  short  trial  proved 
their  unfitness  for  pastoral  Uf  e.  Instead 
of  being  of  any  service  on  the  stations^ 
they  stood  in  need  of  constant  watching^ 
to  keep  them  out  of  mischief.  By  some 
means  or  other  most  of  them  found  their 
way  to  Sydney,  where  they  created  no 
small  consternation  amongst  the  women 
and  childrei}  as  they  marched  through  the 
streets  all  but  naked,  bearing  their  for- 
midable clubs  and  other  weapons,  as  if 
ready  to  commence  an  attack.  Finally, 
after  being  experimented  on  in  various 
ways,  amongst  others  as  seamen  on  board 
Mr.  Boyd's  whalers,  some  of  them  got 
back  to  their  native  shores.  Meanwhile 
the  company  with  whose  money  this 
immense  business  was  being  carried  on 
began  to  manifest  uneasiness  in  regard  to 
the  management.  The  shareholders  cer- 
tainly received  accounts  from  time  to  time 
of  the  increase  of  their  flocks  and  herda^ 
of  the  millions  of  acres  that  belonged  to 
them,  of  the  outgoings  and  ingoings  of  the 


^>%n^ 


24 


BRAMSTON— BRODRIBR 


AMv 


fleet  of  whalers,  but  their  looked-for  6  per 
cent,  was  never  forthcoming.  Ultimately 
they  grew  so  dissatisfied  that  a  change 
in  the  management  was  demanded.  Arbi- 
trators were  called  in  to  arrange  matters 
between  the  dissentients,  and  after  a  good 
deal  of  trouble,  Mr.  Boyd  agreed  to  retire 
and  to  resign  all  claims  on  the  Company,  on 
condition  of  receiving  three  of  the  whale 
ships,  his  yacht  called  the  "  Wanderer,"  in 
which  he  had  come  from  England,  and  two 
sections  of  land  at  Twofold  Bay.  His 
ultiipate  fate  was  sad.  He  embarked  with 
a  digging  party,  mostly  consisting  of  Aus- 
tralian aboriginals,  on  board  the  "Wan- 
derer," and  sailed  for  Calif oi-nia  in  1850,  at 
the  time  of  the  gold  excitement  there.  He 
was  unsuccessful,  and  was  on  his  way  back 
to  Sydney  when  his  yacht  touched  at  one 
of  the  islands  in  the  Solomon  Group  known 
as  Gaudalcanar.  There  he  went  ashore 
with  a  black  boy  to  have  some  shooting, 
and  is  supposed  to  have  been  murdered, 
as  he  was  never  seen  again.  Vessels  were 
at  various  times  despatched  from  Sydney 
to  the  island,  and  every  inquiry  possible 
was  made.  On  one  occasion  the  natives 
said  he  was  murdered,  and  showed  a  skull 
(which  was  brought  to  Sydney),  as  that  of 
the  unfortunate  gentleman  ;  but  it  proved 
not  to  have  belonged  to  a  European,  but  a 
man  of  native  race.  On  Mr.  Boyd's 
retirement  from  the  management  of  the 
Royal  Banking  Company,  its  affairs  be- 
came more  and  more  involved,  and  after 
being  in  Chancery  some  years,  the  property 
was  disposed  of  by  order  of  the  Official 
Assignee  in  London.  The  stations  in 
Monaro  sold  well,  but  those  in  Riverina 
and  elsewhere  left  a  deficit  of  £80,000, 
which  the  shareholders  had  to  make  up  in 
order  to  recoup  the  Sydney  firms  who  had 
made  advances  to  the  Company.  Thus 
passed  away  one  of  the  largest  properties 
ever  held  in  Australia,  and  nothing  now 
remains  to  mark  its  existence,  save  those 
magnificent  ruins  which  Mr.  Boyd  erected 
at*  Boyd  Town  in  the  hey-day  of  his 
prosperity. 

BRAMSTON,  John  D.,  graduated  B.  A- 
at  Baliol  College,  Oxford,  in  1854,  Fellow 
of  All  Souls',  in  1855;  called  to  the  Bar  in 
1857.  In  1859  went  to  Queensland  b&  Pri- 
vate Secretary  to  Sir  G.  Bowen,  which 


office  he  resigned  in  1861.  Was  a  Member 
of  the  Legislative  and  Executive  Councils 
from  1863  to  1866,  and  of  the  former 
until  1869.  He  went  to  England  in  1867, 
and  was  Assistant  Boundary  Commissioner 
for  Devon  and  Comtv^all  under  the  Reform 
Act  of  that  year.  Returned  to  Queens- 
land  in  1868  ;  was  Attorney-General,  May, 
1870;  resigned  at  the  end  of  1873;  re- 
presented Burnett  district  in  the  Assembly 
from  April,  1871,to  Dec.,  1873.  Appointed 
Attorney-General  at  Bong  Kong  in  1873  ; 
acted  as  Judge  from  February  to  May, 
1874  ;  was  appointed  an  assistant  under 
Secretary  of  State  in  the  Colonial  Office, 
June  30,  1876.  >^ 

BROADHURST,*^  Edward,  Q.C., 
"  Father  of  the  New  South  Wales  Bar," 
bom  at  Bath,  England,  July  2,  1810,  and 
educated  by  his  Either,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Broadhurst,  until  he  attained  his  fifteenth 
year,  when  he  was  placed  under  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Samuel  Butler,  Head-Master  of  Shrews- 
bury School ;  here  he  stayed  for  three 
years.  At  the  age  of  18  he  entered  Mag- 
dalen College,  Cambridge.  Whilst  at 
Cambridge  he'  became  first  Junior 
Optime  in  the  Mathematical  Tripos,  and 
seventh  in  the  first  class  of  the  Classical 
Tripos,  but  was  unable  to  take  his  degree ; 
and  as  from  conscientious  scruples  he 
refused  to  make  the  necessary  religious 
declaration,  shortly  afterwards  went  to 
London,  became  a  member  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  and  studied  under  Mr.  Walter 
Oke  Edye,  an  eminent  Special  Pleader, 
who  had  a  large  practice.  Mr.  Broadhurst 
was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1837.  He  ar- 
rived in  Sydney  January  31,  1838,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro* 
fession.  In  1859  he  re-visited  England, 
remaining  there  about  eighteen  months ; 
with  this  exception  he  has  resided  con- 
tinuously  in  New  South  Wales  for  forty-two 
years.  He  was  for  many  years  leader  of 
the  Bar  in  New  South  Wales,  and  was 
considered  one  of  its  ablest  and  wittiest 
members.  He  has  now  retired  from 
practice. 

BRODRIBB,  William  Adams,  bom  in 
London  May  27,  1809,  is  the  eldest  son 
of  the  late  William  Adams  Brodribb,  an 
English  solicitor,  who  arrived  in  Hobart 
Town  in  1816,  where  he  held  the  office  of 


BROMBY. 


25 


Clezk  to  the  Judge- Advocate,  and  subse- 
quently  that    of     Under  Sherifi:       Mr. 
Brodribb  came  over  to  New  South  Wales 
in  IB36,  and  formed  a  cattle  station  in 
Ik  Maneroo  district,  (which  he  sold  about 
two  years  afterwards,)  and  also  a  sheep 
station  on  the  Mumimbidgee,  near  Gun- 
dag^    Mr.  Brodribb  then  acquired   an 
interest  in  a  large  pastoral  property  near 
Gonlbum,  in  connection  with  the  late 
Auditor-General,  William  Lithgow,  which 
property  Mr.  Brodribb  managed.    During 
liis  residence  near  Goulbum  Mr.  Brod- 
*  nbb  formed  a    sheep,   cattle,   and  horse 
station    on    the    Broker   Biver,    in   the 
Port  Phillip  district,  which  he  disposed  of 
about  twelve  months  afterwards.  A  small 
company  being  formed  to  explore  Gipps- 
land  by  the  "  Overlanders,"  consisting  of 
Mr.  Brodribb  and  seven  others,  they  char- 
tered a  vessel  called  the  ^'  Singapore,"  and 
proceeded  to    Comer  Inlet,   where  they 
remained  a  fortnight,  but  could  not  find  a 
landing  place  for  their  stores  and  horses. 
Th^  had  almost  made  up  their  minds  to 
abandon  the  enterprise  when  the  idea  oc- 
curred to  them  to  take  a  trip  along  the 
coast  to  where  the  ^*  Clonmel "  steamer 
had  been  wrecked,  at  the  western  end  of 
the  Ninety-mile  Beach.  When  they  reached 
this  spot  they  noticed  a  channel  of  deep 
water  stretching  inland  for  some  distance, 
and  then  branching  off  right  and   left 
Next  morning  they  pulled  up  the  right- 
hand   channel  for  ten  or  twelve  miles, 
when  they  discovered  two  rivulets,  which 
they    named     the    ''Albert"     and    the 
"'Tara"— -the  latter  after  their  black  boy 
companion,  Charlie,  March,  1841.     After 
forming  a  depdt  at  a  place  they  called 
Port  Albert,  the  "Singapore"  was  sent 
hack  to  Melbourne,  three  members  of  the 
company  returning  in  her,  whilst  Messrs. 
Kiraopp,   Kinghome,   Norman    McLeod, 
and  Brodribb  remained.     After  exploring 
the  surrounding  country  and  meeting  with 
many  difficulties  and  hardships,  they  re- 
turned to  Melbourne,  in  April,  1841.  The 
Goulbum    property    having    proved    an 
unprofitable  investment,  Mr.  Brodribb  re- 
linquished his  interest  in  it  and  took  charge 
of  Mr.  Bradley's  extensive  pastoral  proper- 
ties in  ManeroOy  of  which  he  retained  the 
inanagement  for  upwards  of  twelve  years. 


Mr.  Brodribb  left  Mr.  Bradley's  em- 
ployment in  1855,  and  crossed  the  Austra- 
lian Alps  with  a  herd  of  cattle,  sheep, 
and  horses,  and  after  four  months'  travel- 
ling, reached  Wanganella,  on  the  Billabong, 
where  he  settled  on  the  Wanganella  Bun, 
which  he  purchased  in  an  unimproved 
state  from  a  Mr.  Innes,  the  first  occupant. 
Alarmed  at  the  prospect  of  invasion  by 
free  selectors  under  provisions  of  the  Land 
Act  of  1861,  Mr.  Brodribb  sold  out  and 
went  to  reside  in  Melbourne,  where  he  was 
elected  Member  for  Brighton,  and  remained 
in  Parliament  for  about  a  year,  when  he 
resigned,  visited  England,  where  he  re- 
mained for  two  years,  and  then  returned  to 
New  South  Wales  and  formed  several 
stations  in  the  Lachlan  district,  some  of 
which  he  still  holds.  In  1874  Mr.  Brodribb 
visited  England  a  second  time,  and  during 
his  sojourn  in  London  was  elected  a 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society 
and  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Colonial 
Institute.  When  in  England  Mr.  Brod- 
ribb gave  Sir  Daniel  Cooper  much  valuable 
assistance  in  bringing  about  certain 
reforms  in  the  wool  trade.  Mr.  Brodribb 
returned  to  the  colonies  at  the  end  of 
1874,  and  in  1876  purchased  Buckhurst^ 
near  Sydney,  where  he  now  resides.  In 
1877  he  was  appointed  a  Member  of  the 
New  South  Wales  Commission  at  the 
Palis  International  Exhibition,  and  in 
February,  1879,  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Commission  of  the  New  South 
Wales  International  Exhibition.  Mr. 
Brodribb  was  gazetted  to  the  Commission 
of  the  Peace  for  the  Colony  of  New  South 
Wales  in  1847,  and  subsequently  to  that 
of  the  Colony  of  Victoria. 

BROMBY,  Right  Rev.  Charles 
Henry,  D.D.,  bom  in  1814,  is  the  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  J.  H.  Bromby,  Vicar 
of  Trinity  Church,  Hull.  He  was  educated 
at  Uppingham,  and  at  St.  John's  College^ 
Cambridge,  where  he  graduated  as  B.A., 
in  1837.  In  1843  he  became  the  Incum- 
bent of  St.  Paul's,  Cheltenham.  In  1847, 
together  with  the  present  Dean  of  Car- 
lisle, he  there  founded  the  Normal  College 
for  Schoolmasters  and  became  Principal 
of  the  College,  which  office  he  held  until 
1864,  when  he  was  appointed  Bishop  of 
Tasn^ania  on  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Nixon. 


BROMBT— BROWNE. 


He  is  a  strong  advocate  of  the  Colonial 
drareh'a  independence  of  the  Motiber 
Chnrch.  He  att^ided  the  Lambeth 
Conference  in  1878. 

BROMBY,  JoHH  Edward,  D.D.,  bom 
at  Hull,  in  1809,  -was  edacated  at 
Uj^ingham,  and  at  St.  John's  Coll^pe, 
Cnunbridge.  He  graduated  in  1832,  and  in 
1834  was  ordain^  deacon.  He  was  acting 
Principal  of  the  British  College,  and  in 
1836  married  the  daughter  of  Alderman 
Lilly,  of  Bristol.  He  became  Principal  of 
Mortimer  House,  Clifton,  and  afterwarda 
of  Elizabeth  College,  Guernsey.  In  1858 
he  came  out  to  Melbourne  as  Head  Master 
«f  the  Church  of  England  Grammar 
Sdiool,  which  post  he  resigned  in  1875. 
He  took  charge  of  the  pansh  of  Toorak 
during  the  absence  on  leave  of  the  incumr 
bent.  In  1877  he  became  the  incumbent  of 
St  Paul's,  Melbourne.  A  lecture  of  his — 
•*  Beyond  the  Grave"-— caused  about  four 
years  ago  some  controversy. 

BROUGHTON,  Rt.  Rev.  William 
Gbant,  D.D.,  first  Bishop  of  Sydney, 
bom  in  Westminster,  May  22,  1788, 
was  educated  at  Eling'a  School,  Canterbury. 
In  1807  he  obtained  an  appointment  in  the 
East  India  House  as  derk  in  the  Treasury, 
where  he  remained  for  ^ve  years,  but  re- 
linquished it  to  enter  the  Church.  He 
spent  some  time  studying  at  Canterbury, 
and  then  entered  at  Pembroke  Hall,  Cam- 
bridge, and  in  January,  1818,  took  the 
degree  of  RA.,  as  sixth  Wrangler  of  that 
year.  In  1823  he  took  the  degree  of  M.  A. 
He  was  ordained  deacon  in  Januaiy,  1818, 
and  admitted  to  priest's  orders  the  same 
year.  He  was  for  some  years  Curate  of 
Hartley,  Westhall,  Hants,  and  then  of 
Eamham.  Having  attracted  the  attention 
of  the  Duke  of  Wellington  (whose  resi- 
dence was  close  to  Hartley,  Westhall)  His 
Grace  conferred  the  office  of  Chaplain  of 
the  Tower  upon  him,  and  shortly  after- 
wards offered  him  the  Archdeaconry  of 
New  South  Wales  and  Van  Diemen's  Land,, 
vacant  by  the  resignation  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Hobbes  Scott^  which  he  accepted, 
azid  arrived  in  Sydney  in  1829.  He  spent 
several  years  in  visiting  the  different  settle- 
ments and  districts,  and  made  a  voyage  to 
New  Zealand.  In  1834  he  ij^tumed  to 
•F^gUTlr^J  to  provide  lazger  me&ns  for  the 


spread  (^  the  gospel  in  tiiesD  cc^onies.  As 
one  of  those  means  he  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Australia,  Febmary  14, 
1836.  When  more  bishopB  were  appointed 
in  1847,  he  was  nominated  MetropolitaiL 
He  made  several  visits  to  England.  On 
the  last  occasion,  he  left  in  August,  1852, 
and  after  a  troublesome  voyage  arrived  in 
En^nd,  where  he  died,  February  20, 1 853, 
at  the  house  of  Lady  Gipps,  and  was  buried 
in  Canterbury  Cathedral  He  married, 
July  13,  1818,  Sarah,  the  eldest  daughter 
of  Rev.  John  Francis,  Rector  of  St  Mil- 
dred'a  He  had  one  son,  who  died  in 
Sydney,  and  two  daughters.  Mrs.  Brough- 
ton  died  in  Sydney,  September  16,  1849. 

BROWN,  Alexandbe,  was  bom  in 
Lanark,  in  Scotland,  in  1827.  In  1841 
he  was  brought  out  by  his  father  with  the 
rest  of  his  family,  who  settled  in  the  Hunter 
River  district.  With  his  two  brothers 
he  first  began  the  private  working  of  coal 
in  the  Hunter.  This  infringed  the 
Australian  Agricultural  Company's  mono- 
poly, and  gave  rise  to  litigation.  The 
matter  was  eventually  compromised  by  the 
Crovemment  making  some  concessions  to 
the  Company  in  compensation  for  their 
monopoly  being  cancelled.  Mr.  Brown's 
energetic  career  was  closed  by  death, 
May  30,  1877. 

BROWN,  Stephen  Campbell,  M.L.A, 
bom  in  Sydney,  October  21,  1829,  was 
educated  by  Mr.  Cape,  and  in  1843 
entered  the  office  of  Mr.  Thtirlow,  to 
whom  he  was  afterwards  articled  In 
1852  he  was  admitted  as  an  attorney.  In 
1864  he  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  for 
Newtown,  <md  has  continuooaly  represeW 
that  constituency.  In  1866  he  advocated 
the  Public  Schools  BUI,  improvements  in 
the  Municipalities  and  other  Acts,  and  for 
some  years  was  a  Member  of  the  Council 
of  Education,  New  South  Wales.  He  was 
offered  portfolios  in  at  least  five  Goveni* 
ments,  but  always  declined  to  take  office. 

BROWNE,  Thomas  Alexander,  bom 
in  England,  August  6,  1827,  is  the  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Captain  Sylvester  John 
Browne,  formerly  of  the  Eaiit  India  Com- 
pany's Service,  and  of  Enmor^  New 
South  Wales,  and  Hartlands,  Victoriar 
who  in  the  year  1830  decided  upon 
em^ration  and  permanent  settlement  in 


mKtwNi: 


27 


Anstralia.  Havrng  entered  into  a  oontract 
vith  the  Engliflh  Government  for  bringing 
to  the  Cblony  of  Tasmania  a  shipment  id 
200  conyicts,  together  with  the  officers  and 
men  of  their  military  guard,  he  sncce8Bfull]r 
earned  out  the  service  in  the  barque 
"Proteus,''  of  which  vessel  he  was  both 
OTiier  and  commajider.  His  wife  and 
three  children  accompanied  him.  After 
tlie  landing  of  the  convicts  and  military 
at  Van  Diemen's  land  the  voyage  was 
oontinued  to  Sydney,  where  the  ftonily 
became  permanently  settled — ^first  in  the 
green  seaside  quarter  of  Macquarie-place, 
and  later  at  Enmore,  Newtown,  which 
^ving  suburb  received  its  name  from 
Cbptain  Browne's  hopse,  there  erected  by 
liim  on  his  newly  purduised  estate.  During 
the  residence  of  the  family  in  Sydney  from 
1830  to  1840  Mr.  T.  A.  Browne  was,  most 
fortunately  for  himself,  committed  to  the 
earp  and  tuition  of  the  late  Mr.  W.  T.  Cape, 
at  whose  school  in  King-street  he  regularly 
attended,  until  he  accompanied  that  gentle- 
iDan,  with  the  rest  of  tJie  scholars,  to  the 
Sydney  College  (now  the  Sydney  Grammar 
School)  onMr.  Cape  being  appointed  thefirst 
Head-Master.  For  any  small  success  in 
literary  paths  which  Mr.  Browne  may 
have  been  thou^t  to  have  attained,  he 
fnlly  acknowledges  his  obligations  to  that 
vorthy^  capable,  and  thoroughly  conscien- 
tions  director  of  youth.  After  the  family 
exodus  in  1840  he -returned  to  Sydney 
and  remained  for  another  year  at  the 
«^ege  as  a  boarder.  During  1842  he 
was  for  some  time  under  the  care  of  the 
Bey.  David  Boyd,  Classical  Master  of  the 
Sidney  College.  In  1843  he  forsook 
hooks  for  a  bush  life,  which  he  did  not 
relinquish  until  1870.  Before  1838,  in 
sptte  of  the  large  profits  of  whaling  and 
New  Zealand  trading  voyages,  the  vessel 
vas  sold,  and  squatting  purstdts  resolutely 
undertaken,  by  Captam  Browna  In 
1839  the  stock  of  which  he  had  become 
poKessed,  sheep,  horses  and  cattle,  were, 
^er  his  own  guidance  and  management, 
driren  overlacnd  to  the  new  and  flourishing 
aetllement  <^  Port  Phillip.  In  1840  the 
ffinfly  again  embarked,  quitting  Sydney 
&r  Melbourne^  in  the  founding  of  which 
city  Captain  Browne  took  a  leading  part 
He  was  early  ootivinoed  of  the  prosperity 


it  was  destined  to  attain,  and  beeame 
a  large  purchaser  of  town  and  suburban 
property.  He  was  also  the  holder  of  DaF- 
lingbon,  a  sheep  station  on  Crown  Lands 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Campaspei 
In  1843,  the  crush  of  1842  having  ma* 
terially  reduced  "the  family  resources.  Me. 
T.  A.  Browne,  then  about  seventeen  yean 
of  age,  started  with  a  herd  for  the  Port 
Fairy  district  (then  only  partially  ex- 
plored), and  became  a  pioneer  squatter  ib 
that  neighbourhood,  taking  ap  and  fbrxi»- 
ing  the  station  known  as  Squattle-se&- 
Mere,  and  living  there  until  the  year  1856, 
when,  having  purchased  largely  sheep  and 
runs  in  the  Murray  district,  he  in  1860 
visited  England.  On  his  return  in  1861 
the  disastrous  faU  in  stock,  more  par^ 
ticularly  in  cattle,  affected  Mr.  T.  A. 
Browne's  investments,  with  those  of  other 
pastoralists,  most  unfavourably.  He  re- 
alised on  his  property  in  Victoria^  and  in 
1864  invested  in  sheep  upon  the  Murrumh 
bidgee.  The  seasons  of  1866  and  1868 
were  perhaps  amongst  the  most  severe  for 
drought  ever  known  in  New  South  WaleB» 
Mr.  Browne  was  compelled  in  1869  to 
relinquish  squatting  pursuits.  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  PoUce  Magistrate  and 
Qold-flelds  Commissioner,  which  appoint- 
ments he  still  holda  In  1865  Mc 
Browne  having  always  taken  great  interest 
in  literary  pursuits,  and  having  from  tinse 
to  time  written  on  political  subjects  to  the 
daily  press,  commenced  to  contribute  to 
the  ComkiU  Mctgazine.  These  articles 
"  A  Elangaroo  Drive"  and  "  Shearing  m 
Biverina,"  having  been  published,  en- 
couraged him  to  persevere inarticles  descrip- 
tive of  Australian  life,  with  which  frcun  an 
extended  pastoral  experience  he  was  neces- 
sarily familiar.  He  conunenced  to  furnish 
such  articles  in  1870  to  the  Town  wnd 
Country  Jourrud.  After  a  series  of  short 
sketches,"  The  Fencing  of  Wanderoona'' 
was  published  in  the  Toion  cmd  CofwniiFff^ 
and  this  was  followed  by  "My  Bun  Home,** 
"The  Squatter's  Dream^"  "A  Cdonial 
Beformer"  and  "  An  Australian  Squires" 
The  "  Squatter's  Dream  "  under  the  title 
of  "  Ups  and  Downs,"  by  Rolf  Boldrewood, 
has  this  year  (1879)  been  published  in 
London  by  Silver  and  Co.,  and  been 
favourably  reviewed  in  leading  joumab. 


28 


BROWNE— BXJBNETT. 


BROWNE,  Sib  Thomas  Gobb,  C.R, 
K.C.M.G.y  son  of  Robert  Browne,  Esq., 
of  Morton  House,  Bucks,  and  brother  of 
the  Bishop  of  Ely,  was  bom  in  1807. 
Entering  the  army  at  sixteen,  he  served 
for  many  years  with  the  28th  regiment, 
acted  as  aide-de-camp  to  Lord  Nugent, 
Lord  High  Commissioner  of  the  Ionian 
Islands,  and  was  for  some  time  Colonial 
Secretary.  In  1836  Major  Gore  Browne 
exchanged  into  the  41st  regiment,  and 
served  during  the  occupation  of  A4>^^^~ 
istan.  After  the  massacre  of  the  British 
troops  at  the  Elhyber  pass,  the  4l8t  joined 
General  England  and  advanced  to  the 
rescue  of  General  Nott  and  his  troops. 
During  that  war.  Major  Browne  held  ^e 
command  of  the  41st,  and  also  commanded 
the  reserve  at  the  disastrous  battle  of 
Hykulzie ;  held  command  of  his  regiment 
at  the  battles  of  Candahar,  Ghuznee, 
Cabul,  and  during  the  march  through  the 
Khyber  Pass,  where  he  commanded  the 
rear,  and  under  General  MH^askell  at  the 
storming  of  the  hill  fort  at  IstalifiT,  the 
most  daring  action  during  the  war.  Major 
€k)re  Browne's  gallantly  and  humanity 
were  praised  in  the  general  despatches, 
which  were  quoted  in  both  Houses  of 
Parliament ;  for  his  services  he  obtained 
a  lieutenant-colonelcy,  and  was  made  a 
G.B.  On  his  return  with  his  regiment 
from  India,  he  exchanged  into  the  21st, 
which  he  commanded  until  made  Governor 
of  St  Helena,  in  1851.  From  St.  Helena 
he  went,  in  1854,  to  New  Zealand.  On 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Maori  war,  in  the 
last  year  of  his  government.  Colonel  Gore 
Browne  showed  great  vigour  in  resisting 
the  land  league  and  the  Maori  King  move- 
ment. In  1861  Colonel  Browne,  having 
completed  his  term  of  office,  was  succeeded 
in  die  Government  of  New  Zealand  by 
Sir  George  Grey,  and  he  himself  succeeded 
Sir  Henry  Young  as  Governor  of  Tas- 
mania. This  office  he  resigned  January, 
1869,  when  he  was  created  a  Knight 
Commander  of  the  Order  of  SS.  Michael 
and  George.  Sir  Thomas  Browne  was  ap- 
pointed Governor  of  Bermudas  July,  1870. 

BUCHANAN,  David,  ML.A.,  Barris- 
ter-at-law,  bom  in  Edinburgh,  1832;  edu- 
cated at  private  schools  and  at  the  High 
School,  Edinburgh ;  arrived  in  Australia  in  | 


1852;  entered  Parliament  as  Member  for 
Morpeth  in  1860;  was  twice  elected  for  East 
Macquarie,  and  represented  that  constitu- 
ency from  1863  to  1866.  Went  to  Eng- 
land in  1867  and  studied  for  the  Bar,  and 
was  admitted  as  a  barrister  at  Middle 
Temple  in  1869,  when  he  returned  to  New 
South  Wales  •  and  commenced  practising 
his  profession.  Was  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  for  East  Sydney  in  1870, 
and  since  then  twice  for  the  Western  Gold 
Fields.  He  was,  however,  not  returned  at 
the  last  General  Election  ;  but,  after  the 
election  for  Mudgee,  in  1879,  Mr.  Bu- 
chanan was  declared  by  the  Elections 
Committee  to  be  duly  elected  instead  of 
Mr.  Rouse,  who  was  unseated  on  petition. 

BURKE,  Robert  O'Hara,  bom  at 
St  Cleram,  county  Gal  way,  in  1820, 
descendant  of  a  branch  of  the  noble  &mily 
of  Clanricarde,  was  the  third  of  four 
brothers,  all  in  the  Queen's  service.  He 
was  educated  in  Belgium.  In  1840  he 
entered  the  Austrian  army,  and  having 
attained  the  rank  of  captain  in  1848  he 
left  the  service  and  joined  the  Irish  con- 
stabulary. In  1853  he  left  that  force  to 
emigrate,  first  to  Tasmania,  and  shortly 
afterwards  to  Melbourne,  where  he  was 
appointed  an  Inspector  of  Police.  In 
1854  he  obtained  leave  to  go  home  to  seek 
a  commission  in  the  Crimean  War,  but 
the  war  being  over  he  returned  to  Vic- 
toria and  resumed  his  police  duties.  He 
was  appointed  leader  of  the  Victorian 
Exploring  Expedition,  and  left  Melbourne 
August  20,  1860,  and  died  June  28,  1861, 
at  Cooper's  Creek,  having  successfully 
crossed  the  Austrsdian  Continent.  [See 
Australia, — Land  Explorers,  Burke 
AND  Wills.] 

BURNETT,  James  Charles,  surveyor 
in  charge  at  Brisbane,  Queensland,  was, 
January  1,  1833,  appointed  to  a  clerkship 
in  the  Surveyor-GeneraFs  department, 
then  presided  over  by  that  distinguished 
officer  Sir  Thomas  L.  Mitchell  Mr. 
Burnett  there  passed  readily  the  grades 
of  draftsman,  assistant  surveyor,  sur- 
veyor, and  surveyor  in  charge  of  the 
department  in*  Queensland.  Whilst  in 
such  charge  he  was  instructed  to  explore 
the  rivers  now  known  as  the  "Mary," 
named  after  Lady  Mary  Fitzroy,  and  the 


BURNS— BUVELOT. 


20 


"Bamett,"  after  this  accomplished  and 
courageous  officer.  The  River  Burnett 
was  so  named  by  direction  of  Her  Most 
Gracious  Majesty  in  recognition  of  Mr. 
Burnett's  services.  He  died  in  July, 
1854,  being  about  thirty-six  years  of  age, 
of  a  disease  brought  on  by  exposure  on 
duty  on  the  coast  in  an  open  boat  for  about 
twenty-three  days. 

BFKN^S,  John  Fitzgerald,  ML. A., 
was  bom  in  the  North  of  Ireland.  He  came 
to  Sydney  when  quite  a  youth,  and  has 
been  chiefly  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
in  the  Hunter  River  district  In  1862  he 
was  returned  to  Parliament  for  the  Hunter, 
and,  with  the  exception  of  two  years,  has 
ever  since  sat  for  that  constituency.  He  sup- 
ported the  Land  Bill  of  Mr.  John  Robertson 
and  the  Abolition  of  State-aid  to  religion. 
In  February,  1875,  he  took  office  as  Post- 
master-Greneral  in  the  Hobertson  Ministry, 
and  remained  in  office  until  March,  1877. 
In  December  of  the  same  year  he  took  office 
as  Postmaster-General  in  the  FameU  Min- 
ifitiy,  and  held  the  portfolio'  until  the 
retirement  of  that  Government  in  Decem- 
ber, 1878.  He  introduced  the  Postal 
Cards  in  Australia,  October  1,  1875,  and 
was  the  first  in  N.  S.  Wales  to  give  em- 
ployment to  ladies  in  the  Telegraph 
Department.  In  1878  he  successfully 
arranged  with  the  Governments  of  the 
other  Colonies  and  New  Zealand  for  the 
construction  to  Australia  of  a  second  sub- 
marine cable. 

BUKT,  Sir  Archibald  Caull,  was 
called  to  the  Bar  in  1845  ;  Attorney- 
General  at  St.  Christopher's  from  1849  to 
1860 ;  was  for  a  time  Speaker  of  the  House 
o!  Aflsembly  and  Acting  Chief  Justice. 
On  leaving  for  Australia  he  received  for  his 
services  £500  from  the  Public  Eevenue, 
and  addresses,  with  a  handsome  and 
valuable  piece  of  plate.  In  1860  he  was 
^pointed  Civil  Commissioner  and  Chair- 
inan  of  Quarter  Sessions  in  Western 
Anstralia,  and  in  1861  Chief  Justice  of 
of  that  colony,  which  office  he  now  holds. 

BURTON,  Sir  William  Westbrooke, 
bom  in  Northamptonshire,  January  31, 
1794)  educated  at  Daventry  Grammar 
School ;  entered  the  navy  1807,  and  whilst 
there  studied  for  the  Bar,  passing  a 
sati^actoiy  examination ;  for  a  few  years 


practised  with  success  in  English  counties, 
particularly  in  a  corporation  case  of  his 
native  town ;  appointed  Puisne  Judge,  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  1829  ;  left  for  Australia  in 
1832;  arrived  in  December  to  take  an 
appointment ;  was  Puisne  Judge,  Supreme 
Court,  New  South  Wales,  from  1832  to 
1844  ;  presided  at  the  first  Circuit  Court  in 
1841 ;  removed  to  Madras  (where  he  had 
£5,000  a  year)  till  about  1867,  when  he 
retired  from  the  Bench  and  returned  to 
Australia ;  President  of  the  Legislative 
CouncO,  N.aW.,  from  February,  1858,  to 
May,  1861 ;  remained  in  the  colony  about 
four  years,  when  he  returned  to  £higland, 
where  he  now  resides.  He  wrote  a  work 
on  the  "  State  of  Beligion  and  Educa&on 
in  New  South  Wales." 

BUTLER,  Hon.  Edward,  Q.C.,  ML.C., 
bom  in  the  county  of  Kilkenny  in  1829, 
was  educated  at  Kilkenny  College,  and 
after  leaving  became  a  contributor  to 
The  Naiion.  In  1849  he  joined  Mr.  (now 
Sir)  Charles  Gavan  Duflfy  in  re-establish- 
ing that  paper.  In  1853  he  came  out  to 
New  South  Wales  and  became  a  con- 
tributor to  the  Empire^  and  about  two 
years  later  was  called  to  the  Bar.  In 
1861  he  was  nominated  to  the  Legislative 
Council.  In  1869  he  was  elected  to  the 
Assembly,  for  Argyle.  In  1872  he  was 
appointed  Attorney-General  in  the  Parkes 
Administration,  but  resigned  in  November, 
1873,  in  consequence  of  not  receiving  the 
vacant  office  of  Chief  Justice,  which  he 
alleged  had  been  promised  'him.  In 
October,  1877,  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Legislative  Council  He  is  one  of 
the  ablest  lawyers  in  the  Colony  of 
N.  S.  Walea 

BUVELOT,  Abram  Louis,  painter, 
bom  in  Switzerland  March  3,  1814, 
and  when  quite  a  youth  entered  the 
Academy  of  Lausanne.  He  began  life  as 
a  drawing  master  at  a  private  college  in 
Berne.  He  then  became  a  pupU  of 
Wolmar.  In  1834,  after  stopping  for  a 
time  in  Paris,  he  went  to  the  Brsizils,  where 
for  four  years  he  was  engaged  in  conuner- 
cial  pursuits.  In  1839  he  painted  ^'Bahia 
Bay,"  which  was  sent  to  Paris  to  be  printed 
in  aquatint ;  he  went  to  Rio  Janeiro, 
where  his  painting  obtained  the  notice  of 
the  Emperor  Don  Pedro  IL      He  was 


30 


BUZAOOTT-XJADELL. 


ttwardod  a  gold  medal  for  one  picture  and 
the  order  of  ^La  Kose"  for  anothw, 
called  ''  A  Virgin  Forest"  After  fourteen 
years'  residence,  bis  health  induoed  his 
return  to  Europe,  in  1851,  where  he  was 
•vary  successful,  gaining  the  silver  medalfor 
a  picture  of  Alpine  scenery  at  the  "  Ezposi- 
iaoa  G^^rale  "  of  Berne  in  1856,  but  the 
coldness  of  the  dimate  compelled  a  change, 
and  in  1865  he  came  out  to  Melbourne 
and  painted  some  fine  pictures.  ^  A  Winter 
Morning  at  Heidelberg,"  ^'A  Summer 
Afternoon  at  Ten^lestown,"  and  "  Water- 
pool  at  Colefsine,"  have  been  purchased 
by  the  trustees  of  the  Victorian  National 
Gallery.  In  1872-3  he  gained  the  gold 
medal  at  the  London  Exhibition  for 
"  Woods  Point  Road."  At  the  Melbourne 
Exhibition  of  1875  he  gained  a  first  prize 
for  "View  of  Gisbome"  and  "A  Sea 
Piec&"  He  is  still  actively  following  his 
profession. 

BUZACOTT,  Hon.  Charles  Hardib, 
M.L.C.,  bom  in  1835,  at  Torrington, 
Devon,  England,  was  educated  at  private 
schools  in  his  native  town,  though  his  boy- 
hood studies  wei*e  much  broken  by  delicate 
health.  In  1852  he  arrived  in  Sydney, 
where  he  detennined  to  acquii^  a  know- 
ledge of  the  printing  business.  With 
this  object  he  served  a  short  apprentice- 
ship, during  which  his  attention  was 
diiefiy  directed  to  journalism.  In  1856 
he  worked  for  a  hhort  time  as  a  compositor 
on  the  Empire  ;  in  1860,  arrived  at  Mary- 
borough, Queensland,  and  established  the 
Maryborough  Chronicle,  whidi  still  flour- 
ii^es.  In  1864,  attracted  by  the  gold- 
fields  and  copper  mines,  he  started  the 
Feak  Downs  Telegram,  which  he  carried 
on  until  1870,  when  he  bought  the  plant 
and  copyright  of  the  Rockhampton  BuUe- 
tin.  This  journal  he  began  to  issue  daily 
in  1873,  and  that  venture  was  supple- 
mented by  the  weekly  Capricomian  in 
1875.  In  1873  Mr.  Bumoott  was  elected 
as  Member  for  Bockhampton  in  the 
Queensland  Parliament,  and  held  the  seat 
for  about  fifteen  months,  when,  finding 
the  prolonged  absences  from  home  injur- 
ious to  his  business,  he  resigned  ;  he  was 
however  again  induced  to  become  a  candi- 
date, and  was  re-elected.  After  ihe 
Session  of  1877  he  again  resigned,  but  in 


October  last,  having  taken  up  his  residence 
at  Brisbane,  and  being  again  influentially 
requisitioned  by  the  BocUiamptcm  electors, 
he  once  more  became  a  candidate.  On  this 
occasion  however,  he  was  defeated.  On 
Mr.  M'llwraith  being  entrusted  with  the 
formation  of  a  Ministry,  in  January  1879, 
he  consented  to  aoo^t  the  Postmaster- 
Generalship  and  to  represent  the  Crovem- 
ment  in  the  Legislative  Council 

CADELL,  Francis,  explorer  of  the 
River  Murray,  son  of  H.  F.  Cadell,  Esq., 
of  Cockenzie,  near  Preston  Pans,  Had- 
dingtonshire, bom  in  1822,  and  educated 
at  Edinburgh  and  in  Germany.  Whilst 
very  young  he  showed  a  taste  for  adven- 
ture, and  entering  as  a  midshipman  on 
board  an  East  Indmman,  took  part  in  the 
first  Chinese  war,  was  presMit  at  the  si^e 
of  Canton,  the  capture  of  Amoy,  Ningpo, 
kc,  and  received  an  officer's  share  of 
prize-money.  At  twenty-two  he  was  in 
command  of  a  vessel,  and  in  the  intervals 
between  his  voyages  he  spent  much  lime 
in  the  shipbuilding  yards  of  the  Tyne  and 
Clyde,  where  he  gained  a  thorough  know- 
ledge of  naval  architecture  and  the  con- 
struction of  the  steam-engine.  A  visit  to 
the  Amazon  first  led  him  to  study  the 
subject  of  river  navigation,  and  when  in 
Australia,  in  1848,  his  attention  was 
dnwn  to  the  practicability  of  navigating 
the  Murray  and  its  tributaries,  which  had 
till  then  only  served  for  watering  the 
flocks  belonging  to  the  scattered  stations 
on  their  banks.  Three  years  later, 
encouraged  by  the  Grovemor  of  Australia, 
Sir  H.  F.  Young,  he  put  his  project  into 
execution.  In  a  frail  boat,  with  canvas 
sides  and  nbs  of  barrel  hoops,  he  em- 
barked at  Swanhill,  on  ih.e  Upper  Murray, 
and  descended  the  stream  to  Lake  Vic- 
toria, at  its  mouth,  a  distance  of  1,300 
miles.  Having  thus  proved  that  ihe 
Murray  was  navigable,  he  succeeded  in 
eroasmg  the  dange^us  bn-  at  its  mouth  in 
a  steamer  planned  and  constructed  under 
his  supervision.  This  vessel  accomplished 
a  first  voyage  of  l,-500  miles.  Other 
steamers  were  procured,  and  the  Murrum- 
bidgee,  the  Edward,  and  the  Darling  were 
in  like  manner  opened  to  traffia  A  gold 
candelabrum  was  presented  to  Mr.  Cadell 
by  the  'settlers,  the  value  of  whose  pro- 


GAUtHB— GALTEBT. 


51 


perty  baa  beea  grotttly  increased  hy  his 
ei)rts,  and  the  Xiegislature  directed  a  gold 
medal  in  hia  honour  to  be  struck  in  Eng- 
land by  Mr.  Wyon. 

CAIBIilS,  Rev.  Adam,  D.D.,  bom 
at  LoDgiorgan  (o£  "wbidtL  parish  his  father 
vaa  the  minieEter),  January  29,  1802,  was 
educated  at  the  parish  school  and  by  his 
father,  and  in  1814  went  to  the  Collie 
of  St  Andrew.  In  1818  he  went  to 
Edinburgh  University.  In  1823  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Cupar,  and  in  1828  he  was  ordained 
minister  of  Manoroo,  Tweeddale.  In  1833 
he  was  translated  to  Dunbog,  in  Fife,  and 
there  he  maxried  Miss  Jessie  Ballingall  of 
Ayton.  In  1837  h6  became  Minister  of 
Capar.  At  the  disruption  in  1843  he 
sided  with  the  Free  ChurcL  In  1853  he 
accepted  a  commission  from  the  Colonial 
Conmiittee  of  that  church,  and  arrived  in 
Melbourne  with  his  wife,  five  daughters, 
and  one  son,  in  September  of  that  year.  His 
health  failing  in  1865  he  had  a  year's 
vacation,  but  has  never  been  able  to 
resume  his  labours,  and  is  now  an  emeritus 
minister,  that  is,  he  retains  his  standing  in 
the  Church,  but  without  pastoral  duuga 

CAIRNS,  Sib  William  Wellington, 
KC.M.G.,  bom  in  Ireland  in  1828,  is  the 
second  son  of  the  late  W.  Gaims,  of  Park- 
mount  and  fiuahpark,  county  Antoim,  and 
Cultra,  county  Down,  Ireland,  and  younger 
brother  of  Lord  Cairns,  Lord  Chancellor  of 
England.  In  1848  Mr.  Cairns  proceeded 
to  the  East,  and  in  1852  was  appointed  a 
writer  in  the  Civil  Service  of  Ceylon.  In 
1866  he  visited  England,  and  in  the  follow- 
ing year  was  made  lieutenant-Governor 
of  Malacca  In  1868  he  was  appoinied 
lientenantXxovemor  of  Christopher,  Nevis 
and  Anguilla  in  the  West  Indiea 
Thence  he  was  promoted  in  1870  to  British 
Honduras,  and  from  there  in  1874  to 
Trinidad,  but  his  heidth  compelLed  him  to 
obtain  leave  of  aiisenoe  and  acting  on 
medical  advice  he  resigned  the  appoint- 
ment In  1874  he  was  a^^inted  to  the 
Government  of  Queenalsaid,  which  he  held 
until  1877,  when  he  was  appointed 
Governor  of  South  Australia,  which  how- 
ever on  aocomit  of  ill-health  he  resigned 
Uke  same  year.  He  received  the  honour  of 
ILQMG.  in  1877, 


CALLAGHAN,  Juoos  Thomas,  bom 
in  Dublin,  Septcanber  18,  1818,  was 
educated  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and 
graduated  B.A.  He  was  called  to 
the  Bar  in  1839  and  emigrated  to 
New  South  Wales,  where  he  arrived  in 
1840.  He  was  appointed  Crown  Prose- 
cutor in  1841  and  in  December,  1844, 
Chairman  of  'Quarter  Sessions.  In  1859 
the  amngements  of  the  civil  and  criminal 
jurisdiction  being  changed  he  was  appointed 
a  District  Court  Judge,  and  held  his  first 
Court  at  Yass,  July  19,  1859.  Previous 
to  this  he  compiled  "Callaghan's  Acts,'' 
for  which  he  received  a  bronze  medal 
from  the  Exhibition  of  1851.  He  died 
at  Braidwood  from  the  efiects  of  an  acci- 
dent, November  28,  1863.  Judge  Calla- 
ghan  was  married  to  a  daughter  of  the 
late  Mr.  Justice  Milf ord.  EUs  widow  sur- 
vives him. 

CALVERT,  James  Snowdon,  bom 
July  13,  1825.  When  Mr.  Calvert  was 
a  child  the  family  left  the  Borders  and  for 
some  time  lived  at  Liverpool,  where  he 
first  went  to  school  They  then  removed  to 
Manchester  and  Birmingham,  where  Mr. 
Calvert  attended  some  of  the  best  schools 
then  known.  They  next  lived  at  the 
West  End,  London,  for  about  three 
years.  When  only  a  boy  Mr.  Calvert 
spent  nearly  all  his  time  in  travellin£^  and 
amusement  Having  friends  inN.  S. 
Wales,  he  and  his  brother  decided  to  come 
out  to  Ihis  colony  in  1840.  On  board  the 
same  ship  they  made  the  acquaintance  and 
lasting  friendship  of  Dr.  Leichhardt,  who 
there  told  them  of  his  object  in  coming  to 
this  colony.  They  then  pionused  that 
one  or  both  would  join  the  doctor  in 
his  exploring  expedition.  In  the  year 
1844  the  doctor  was  ready  to  start  on 
his  first  journey  to  Port  Essington.  Mr. 
J.  S.  Calvert  found  his  own  outfit,  horses, 
&CL,  &C.,  and  joined  the  doctor  at  Newcastle. 
They  left  for  Moreton  Bay  (now  Queens- 
land), in  the  steams  "  Sovereign,"  Cap- 
tain Ci^,  commander.  After  many 
hardships,  including  fights  with  the  blacks, 
they  successfully  accomplished  their 
mission  and  returned  to  Sydney  in  1845. 
Mr.  Calvert  made  the  friendship  of  the 
late  Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke,  Mr.  Lynd, 
formerly  hanack-master,   Sydney,  Baron 


32 


CALVEET— CALVERT, 


Yon  Muller,  Rev.  Dr.  WooUs,  and  othera. 
At  tlie  first  Exhibitioii  in  Paris  Mr. 
Calvert  had  marks  of  honour  sent  him 
for  his  contributions  from  New  Sonth 
Wales  ;  also  at  the  first  Great  Exhibition 
in  Jjondon  he  took  one  lai^  bronze  medal 
for  botany,  a  silver  medal,  and,  at  the 
second  Exhibition  in  London,  he  had  sent 
him  a  second  silver  medal  for  his  services. 
Soon  after  Sir  Wm.  Denison  became  QoYer^ 
nor  of  New  South  Wales,  Mr.  Calvert  was 
placed  on  the  Commission  of  the  Peaoa 
He  married  the  well-known  Australian 
author,  Miss  Louisa  Atkinson,  since  whose 
decease  he  has  led  a  retired  life. 

CALVERT,  John  Jackson,  educated 
at  Shrewsbury  School  and  at  Brazenose 
College,  Oxford.  He  emigrated  to  New 
South  Wales  in  1853,  and  entered  the 
Public  Service  as  a  clerk  in  the  Colonial 
Secretary's  Office.  Li  1856  he  was  made 
Clerk  of  Select  Committees  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly,  and  subsequently  he  be- 
came First  Clerk  of  the  Legislative  Council, 
and  in  1871  was  promoted  to  be  Clerk  of 
Parliaments,  which  office  he  now  holds. 
He  has  distinguished  himself  by  his  pro- 
motion of  sports,  as  Secretary  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Albert  Cricket  Club  and 
Vice-President  of  the  Amateur  Athletic 
Club,  and  President  of  the  Football  Union. 
He  has  also  been  a  zealous  member  of  the 
Council  of  the  Agricultural  Society. 

CALVERT,  Mrs.,  better  known  as 
Caroline  Louisa  Waring  Atkinson,  bom  at 
Oldbury,  nearBehrima,  N.S.W.,  February 
25, 1834,  was  the  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  Mr.  James  Atkinson,  J.  P.,  a  gentle- 
man of  great  worth  and  respectability,  who 
for  some  years  held  a  high  official  situation 
under  the  Colonial  Government.  Her 
mother,  also,  was  a  person  of  some  emi- 
nence, for  in  early  life  she  had  distin- 
guished herself  by  the  publication  of 
several  useful  works  for  children.  When 
Miss  Atkinson  had  passed  the  period  of 
childhood,  and  the  delicacy  of  her  consti- 
tution seemed  to  require  change  of  air,  she 
and  her  mother  took  up  their  abode  at  the 
Kurrajcmg;  and  there,  being  influenced 
by  the  grandeur  of  the  scenery,  the  beauty 
of  the  surrounding  flora,  and  the  habits 
of  the  native  animals  around  her,  she 
wrote  for  the  Sydney  Maming  Herald  a 


series  of  papers,  under  the  title  of  "  A    ^ 
Voice  from  the  Country,"  which  attracted 
considerable  notice  at  the  time,  and  secured 
for  her  the  friendship  of  the  late  Mr.  W. 
S.  Macleay,  F.LR,  the  Rev.  W.  R  Clarke, 
F.RS.,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Woolls.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  occasional  papers,  Miss  Atldn- 
son  was  the  author  of  several  Australian 
tales,    entitled    "Gertrude,"   "Cowanda," 
"  Tom  HiUicker,"  &c.,  illustrated  by  hei- 
self ;  and  also,  at  a  later  period,  of  several 
narratives  published  in  the  Sydney  Mail, 
and  sketches  of    the  Kurrajong,  whicli 
appeared  in  the  Town  andCourUry  Journal 
The  style  of  these  works  is  uniformly 
chaste  and  simple,  whilst  the  moral  lessons 
which  they  suggest  are  eminently  calcu- 
lated for  good.      During  her    residence 
at  the  Kurrajong  she  also  collected  and 
prepared    valuable    specimens  of    native 
plants  for  Baron  F.   von   MOller,  many 
of  which  are  recorded  in  the  volumes 
of    the   "Flora  AustraliensiB"    and   the 
"  Fragmenta   Phytographi»    Australis. " 
The  genus  Atkin&onia  was  established  in 
her    honour,  whilst  the  species   Epacris 
Calvertiana  was  named  to   indicate   her 
exertions  at  a  latter  period.      But  Miss 
Atkinson  was  not  simply  a  lover  of  natural 
history.     On  leaving  the  Kurrajong,  with 
her  mother,  she  resided  for  a  time  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Berrima  with  her  bro- 
ther, Mr.  James  Atkinson,  J.  P.,  of  Old- 
bury,  and   in   1870  married   Mr.    J.  S. 
Calvert,  J. P.,  now  almost  the  only  survivor 
from  Dr.   Leichhardt's   first    expedition, 
and  settled  at  Sutton  Forest.     There  she 
commenced  a  career  which   seemed   cal- 
culated   to    produce    favourable    results 
amongst  those  with  whom  she  was  asso- 
ciated, and  to  develop  the  natural  resources 
of  the  district     She  diqd  suddenly,  April 
28,  1872.     A  tablet  placed  in  the  church 
at  Sutton  Forest  records  the  feelings  of 
her  husband,  whilst  another  in  St.  Peter's 
Church,  Richmond,  erected  by  subscription 
amongst  her  friends,  tells   of  her  pious 
labours  and  scientific  researches  during  her 
residence  at  the  Kurrajong.     In  inference 
to  this  tablet,  it  should  be  mentioned  that 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Woolls  preached  in  St.  Peter's, 
Richmond,  on  Sunday,  April  12,  1874  ft 
sermon  on  the  character  of  the  late  Mrs. 
Calvert,  which  has  been  reprinted. 


CAMEBON-^APE. 


as 


CAMERON,  EwAN  Wallace,  bom 
in  France,  July  26,  1816,  was  the 
aeoond  son  of  Colonel  Cameron,  of  the 
3id  Ba&  He  was  educated  at  Mr.  Cape's 
school  and  was  in  a  merchant's  offica 
After  a  short  period  he  entered  upon 
pastoral  pursuits,  made  an  unsuccessful 
trip  to  CaJiforma  upon  the  gold  discovery 
there,  and  on  his  return  entered  the 
establishment  of  T.  S.  Mort  and  Ca,  and 
three  years  from  that  time  was  admitted  a 
partner,  and  continued  to  be  so  for  twenty 
years,  when  he  retired  in  order  to  visit 
Europe.  He  married  in  1852  Sophia  daugh- 
ter of  Mr.  George  Nail.  In  1859  he 
contested  the  Glebe  Electorate  with  Mr. 
John  Campbell,  but  was  unsuccessful. 
He  took  deep  interest  in  Volunteer 
oi^ganization  in  the  colony.  He  died, 
May  25,  1876,  leaving  a  large  family. 

CAMERON,  Lieut.-Gbn.  Sir  Duncan 
Alexander,  G.CR,  of  an  ancient  High- 
land clan,  was  bom  about  1808.  He  en- 
tered the  Army  in  1825,  became  Captain 
in  1833,  Major  in  1839,  Colonel  in  1854, 
and  Major-General  in  1859.  He  served 
with  dktinction  in  the  Crimean  campaign 
of  1854-5,  having  commanded  the  42nd 
Regiment  at  the  battle  of  the  Alma,  and 
the  Highland  brigade  at  the  battle  of 
Balaklava^  and  was  sent  out  to  conmiand 
the  troops  in  New  Zealand,  with  the  local 
rank  of  lieutenant-General,  in  1863.  In 
that  capacity  he  highly  distinguished 
himself,  and  in  1864  was  nominated  a 
Knight  Commander  of  the  Order  of  the 
Bath,  Military  Division,  in  recognition  of 
his  able  services  against  the  Maories.  Sir 
D.  Cameron  was  made  Colonel  of  the  42nd 
Foot,  September  9,  1863 ;  and  in  1868 
became  Governor  of  the  Royal  Military 
College  at  Sandhurst  He  was  created  a 
Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order  of  the 
Bath,  1873. 

CAMPBELL,  Hon.  John,  M.LC.,  one 
of  the  oldest  colonists,  bom  in  Sydney, 
July  25,  1802.  In  1810  he  accom- 
panied his  father  to  England  and  remained 
at  school  in  that  country  until  1819.  On 
his  return  he  took  an  active  share  in  his 
Cather^s  bosinesa  at  the  well-known  Camp- 
hell's  whar£  In  1856  he  was  elected  to 
the  Legislative  Assembly  for  the  Sydney 
Hamlets,  and  in  1860  accepted  a  seat  in 


the  Legislative  Council,  which  he  still 
retains.  He  has  always  been  a  liberal  in 
politics,  and  universally  respected  for  his 
personal  wortL 

CAMPBELL,  Robert,  came  to  Australia 
in  1796,  from  Calcutta.  He  was  sent  to 
Sydney  by  his  brother,  the  head  of  a  mer- 
cantile firm,  to  make  inquiries  regarding  a 
ship  belonging  to  the  firm  which  had  been 
wrecked  in  Bass's  Straits.  On  his  return  to 
Calcutta  the  firm  was  so  well  pleased  with 
the  prospects  which  the  trade  presented 
that  he  came  down  again  in  the  "Hunter." 
He  endeavoured  to  sell  the  cargo  in  the 
usual  manner,  but  the  monopoly  then  ex- 
isting prevented  him  and  he  had  to  sub- 
mit to  their  terms ;  but  he  saw  that  the 
prospects  of  future  trade  were  good,  and 
purchased  the  ground  long  known  as 
Campbell's  Wharf,  and  now  belonging  to 
the  A.S.N.  Co.  He  married  the  daughter 
of  Mr.  Palmer.  In  1805  he  paid  a  visit 
to  England  with  his  family,  returning  in 
1807. 

CANTERBURY,  Viscount,  John 
Henry  Manners-Sutton,  bom  January 
29,  1814,  second  son  of  the  fii*st 
Viscount  Canterbury.  He  married  in  1838 
Georgiana,  youngest  daughter  of  Charles 
Tompson,  Esq.,  of  Witchingham  HaU, 
county  Norfolk,  and  by  her  he  had  five 
sons  and  two  daughters,*  the  youngjest 
of  whom  was  married  in  Melbourne,  1869, 
to  C.  K  Bright,  Esq.,  of  Victoria.  Lord 
Canterbury  in  succession  was  Governor 
of  New  Brunswick,  Trinidad,  and  of  Vic- 
toria, to  which  he,  then  Sir  John  Manners- 
Sutton,  was  appointed  in  1866.  In  1869 
he  succeeded  to  the  title  of  Viscount 
Canterbury  on  the  death  of  his  brother 
who  was  unmarried.  He  left  in  1873, 
having  been  highly  popular  during  his  rule 
in  Victoria.  He  retiral  on  a  pension  and 
died  in  1877. 

CAPE,  William  Timothy,  bom  at 
Walworth,  county  of  Surrey,  October 
25,  1806,  was  the  eldest  son  of  William 
Cape,  of  L:eby,  in  the  county  of  Cumber- 
land. At  a  very  early  age  Mr.  Cape 
entered  Merchant  Tailors'  School,  then 
under  the  head-mastership  of  Dr.  Bellamy, 
and  there  attained  considerable  proficiency 
in  his  studies.  The  Bev.  William  Man- 
dell,  then  of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge, 


34 


CAPR 


writing  to  Mr.  William  Cape  in  1820, 
advising  him  as  to  his  son's  contemplated 
University  training  preparatory  to  his 
entering  the  Church,  bore  high  testim<my 
to  the  youth's  ability  and  promise  of  future 
success.  His  father  being  at  that  time 
resident  manager  of  the  private  bank  of 
Brown,  Cobb  and  Co.,  of  Lombard-street, 
London,  became  acquainted  with  the  £arl 
of  Oxford,  one  of  its  constituents.  Upon 
the  closing  of  the  bank's  affiurs  Lord 
Oxford  introduced  Mr.  William  Cape  to 
a  relative  of  his,  the  Rev.  T.  H.  Scott, 
afterwards  Archdeacon  Soott,  who  had 
then  recently  returned  from  an  official 
visit  to  the  Australian  colonies.  By  him 
Mr.  William  Cape  was  induced  to  emigrate 
with  his  family,  being  assured  that  the 
Colonial  Government  would  grant  large 
privileges  to  him  and  his  family  upon  their 
arrival  in  the  colony.  Mr.  W.  T.  Cape 
was  then  removed  from  Merchant  Tailors' 
School,  being  at  this  time  in  the  6th  or 
highest  form  in  that  school.  Upon  appli- 
cation to  Earl  Bathm'st,  Mr.  W.  Cape 
was  furnished  with  letters  to  Sir  Thomas 
Brisbana  In  the  year  1821  he  sailed  from 
London  with  his  family,  in  the  barque 
'^Denmark  Hill,"  Captain  Eorman,  master, 
bound  for  Yan  Diemen's  Land.  After  an 
eventful  voyage  extending  over  a  period 
of  nine  months,  the  vessel  arrived  atHobart 
Town.  Shortly  after  his  arrival,  Mr.  W. 
T.  Cape  proceeded  with  his  father  to 
Sydney,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
year  1822  assisted  him  in  the  opening  and 
management  of  a  private  school  styled  the 
Sydney  Academy.  The  elder  Mr.  Cape 
was  afterwards  appointed  by  the  Govern- 
ment master  of  the  Sydney  Public  School 
in  Castlereagh-street,  and  there  Mr.  W.  T. 
Cape  acted  as  assistant-master.  His 
father  'subsequently  resigning,  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  head-mastership  of  that 
school,  retaining  that  office  till  July, 
1829.  During  this  service  he  received 
the  highest  encomiums  from  Archdeacon 
Scott,  then  King's  Visitor.  In  1830 
Mr.  W.  T.  Cape  opened  a  private  school 
in  King-street,  Sydney,  under  the  patron- 
age  of  Archdeacon  Scott,  and  afterwards 
of  Bishop  Broughton.  About  this  time  the 
idea  of  establishing  the  Sydney  College  was 
mooted,  and  Mr.  Cape  actively  interested 


himself  in  ite   foondatton  and  establish- 
ment    In  1835,  in  conoequenoe  of  over- 
tures from  the  Comnittee  of  this  College^ 
Mr.  Cape  transferred  his  private  pupils 
to  that  institution,  and  wbs  appointed  to 
th«  head-mastarship.      He  retained  that 
office  with  the  warm  approbation  of  ail  cobt 
oemed   until    the  year    1842,    when  he 
resigned  and  again  opened  a  private  schod 
on  the  Glenmore-roMi,  Faddington.     He 
carried  on  this  establishment  till  1856, 
when  he  finally  retired  from  his  scholastic 
duties,  and  thenceforth  busily  interested 
himself  in  the  welfare  of  the  colony.     In 
the  year  1859  he  was  ^ected  a  Member  of 
the   Legislative   Assembly   for   the  con- 
stituency of  Wollombi,  and  in  that  capacity 
did  good  service  for  the  educational  in- 
terests.     He  was  also  appointed  one  of 
the  Commissioners  of  National  Education, 
his  experience   as   an   old   colonist  and 
teacher  rendering  him  a  valuable  acqui- 
sition to  the  Board.      As  a   ^Magistrate 
of  the  territory  he  regularly  and  anxiously 
attended  to  his  magisterial  duties,  and  by 
his  example  and  gentlemanly  bearing  in 
no  small    d^ree  contributed  to  elevate 
the   tone   of   the   Bench.     He  was   also 
elected  and  for  a  considerable  time  acted 
zealously  as  a  Fellow  of  St  Paul's  College 
within  the  University  of  Sydney.     With 
the  Sydney  School  of  Arte  he  was  largely 
identified  at  a  very  early  period  in  the 
history  of  that  ins^tutibn,  ever  anxious 
to  raise  the  educational  standard  of  the 
colony.       As  Chairman  of  the  Debating 
and  Mutual  Instruction  Class,  and  also  as 
Vice-President  of  that  Institute,  he  received, 
on  the  eve  of  his  departure  for  Europe  in 
1855,  numerously  and  influentially  signed 
congratulatory  addresses  from  the  general 
body  of   members,   who  testified  to  the 
great   services   he   had   rendered   to  the 
colony.    In  1 85  6  he  returned  to  New  South 
Wales.     In  1860  he  again  visited  Eng- 
land with  the  younger    members  of  hia 
family.     Whilst  in  England  he  was  ever 
mindful  of  the  colony,  warmly  interesting 
himself  in    all    matters    connected  with 
it,  losing  no  opportunity  of  furthering  its 
interests,  and  collecting  information  in  aU 
branches  of  social  and  educational  topics, 
of  which  to  avail  himself  on    his  con- 
templated return*      But  unhappily,  whilst 


f!J|]^AyyrpgT 


» 


afanoBftin  the  prime  of  hia  manhood,  he 
vat  awedy  in  London,  with  a  virulent 
attaek  of  SHuJi-pox,  to  which  he  giiceumbed 
June  14^  1863.  He  was  buried  at 
Brompton,  hia  funeral  being  attended 
byalniost  all  the  ooloniste  then  in  the 
o^itaL  Mr.  Cape  is  alww^s  remem^ 
b^ied  as  one  of  the  most  competent  and 
saocessfol  teaehere  the  colony  has 
pessessed.  In  aU  matters  pertaining  to 
the  educational  aad  social  advancement  of 
the  community  he  was  amongst  the  fore- 
most Belonging  to  a  highly  conservative 
&mily,  he  was  ever  regaatlful  of  the 
principles  that  had  been  early  instilled 
into  him ;  but  showing  no  strong  preju- 
(Ikea,  and  liberaUy  seeking  to  do  good 
to  all,  he  won  for  himself  the  respect 
and  admiration  of  all  sects  and  dasses. 
His  many  estimable  and  sterling  qualities 
kve  caused  his  name  to  be  revered  by 
all  who  came  within  the  readi  of  his 
infliieno&  A  laxge  numfber  of  his  pupils 
are  now  found  in  the  foremost  rank  in 
every  walk  of  life  in  thi»  community, 
and  maay  of  them  now  enjoy  positions 
of  le^al  and  political  distinction ;  others 
bare  acquired  some  celebrity  ior  their 
litemy  attainments;  others  in  the  mer- 
cantile path  have  won  for  themselves 
that  aoGuJ  consideration  to  which  doubtless 
their  esrly  training  under  Mr.  Cape's 
guidance  waa  laigely  conducive;  As  a 
sncefol  tribute  to  hia  memory,  his  old 
pupik  erected  in  St  Andrew's  Cathedral 
&  memorial  tablet 

CARANDINI,  Madams  (nie  Mabib 
Btbgibs),  one  of  our  most  eminent  Au»- 
tndian  vocalists,  was  bom  at  Brixt(m,  near 
London,  Englaikl,  1826.  Her  mother  was 
the  ooasiii  of  Captain  Medwin,  the  com* 
panion  and  biographer  of  Byron;  her 
grand&ther  was  closely  related  to  the  poet 
^^ey.  Her  father  having  been  advised 
to  take  a  se»-Toyage  for  the  benefit  of  his 
iKalth,  his  dmi^^iter  Marie  came  with  her 
pttcnts  and  their  other  three  children  in 
im  to  TasBMua,  where  Mr.  Burgess 
<lied  a  year  after  the  anival  of  the  family. 
At  the  age  of  17  she  manned  the  Marquis 
Canadini,  an  Italiaa  refugee  nobleman, 
innnber  of  one  of  the  first  families  in  Italy. 
3iadame€^irsadini  had  at  a  very  early  age 
^iwfwn  lemaoricable  musical  abyities,  and 


possessed  a  voice  of  great  power,  range,  and 
sweetnesa  Inl846^ecametoSydney,and, 
after  singingatseveral  charitable  and  benefit 
concerts,  at  which  her  singing  excited  con*- 
siderable  attention,  she  was  advised  by  her 
friend,  to  make  '»  pubUc  es«.y  o/her 
powers  on  her  own  behalf,  and  from  that 
time  to  the  present,  a  period  of  Jhirty- 
three  years,  she  has  continued  one  of  the 
most  popular  favourites  in  the  Australasian 
Colonies.  One  of  her  first  efibrts  was  in 
the  character  of  "  ApoUo  "  at  the  Vio^ 
toria  Theatre,  then  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  John  Lazar.  She  subsequently  sang 
in  English  Opera  iu  conjunction  with  the 
Howaons,  Mrs.  Guerin  (afterwards  MrSi 
Richard  Stewart),  Sara  Flower,  and  others. 
Madame  Carandini  lived  for  nine  yeMti  in 
Sydney,  during  which  time  she  studied 
under  the  late  Isaae  Nathan,  Madame 
Wallace  Bushelle,  and  Madame  Sara 
Flower.  In  November,  1854,  she  took 
up  her  residence  in  Melbourne ;  sang  there 
with  great  success,  thoroughly  winning 
popular  favour,  and  being  the  first  prim* 
donna  to  sing  in  complete  Opera  in  thatcity, 
at  theold  Queen's  Theatre,  under  Mr.  George 
Coppin,  at  the  same  time  continuiiig  her 
studies  under  that  well>known  master  and 
musio-conductor,  the  late  Lb  H.  Lavenu. 
When  the  gifted  vocalist  Catherine 
Ht^es  came  to  Melbourne,  Madame 
Carandini  was  at  once  choe^i  to  appear 
with  that  arti^  at  the  Theatre  Boyal, 
taking  the  principal  tenor  parts  in  the 
various  Operas  produced  during  the  sea- 
son, the  first  of  such  characters  assumed 
by  her  being  that  of  Elvino  in  Bellini's 
^*  La  Somnambula,"  this  being  followed 
by  that  of  Gennaro,  in  Donizetti's 
'*Lucrezia  Boi^xa"  In  1859  Madame 
Carandini  (same  with  Mr.  Ldwenu,  Mr& 
Teeter  and  others  to  Sydney,  having  been 
engaged  by  the  committee  for  the  grand 
festival  which  was  to  inaugurate  the  open* 
ing  of  the  Great  Hall  of  the  Sydney 
University.  Previous  to  the  Festival 
Madame  Carandini  appeared  at  the  Prince 
of  Wales  Opera  House,  in  conjunction 
with  the  HowBons,  Sara  flower,  Walter 
Sherwin,  and  John  Gregg,  under  the  con* 
ductovship  of  Lavenu,  as  Leonora,  in 
Verdi's  "II  Trovatore,"  which  she  had 
previously  played  at  the  Princess's  Theatre^ 


86 


CAREY-^ASRY. 


Melbourne,  for  twenty-six  nights,  this 
being  the  introduction  in  Australia  of 
VerdL's  Operas  in  a  complete  form.  *^  II 
Trovatore"  ran  in  Sydney  for  three  weeks. 
The  Festival  followed  the  Opera  season, 
and  lasted  a  week,  oratorios  and  concerts 
bdBg  alterniitely  given  during  day  «»d 
evening.  At  its  termmation  Mr.  Lavenu 
was,  from  over-exertion  and  a  heavy 
coldi,  seized  with  a  severe  illness  which 
terminated  his  existence  in  a  few  days, 
and  the  company  was  broken  up.  Since 
that  time  Madame  Carandini,  in  connec- 
tion with  her  very  talented  daughters,- 
Mr.  Sherwin,  and  other  artists,  hi^  been 
giving  concerts  throughout  the  Australian 
Colonies,  in  Tasmania,  New  Zealand, 
America,  and  India,  and  in  many  of  the 
places  wkoh  sheeted  was  the  pioneer 
of  good  music.  In  1870  the  Marquis 
Carandini,  having  received  from  the 
Italian  Government  a  pardon  for  political 
offences,  went  to  Italy  to  endeavour  to 
obtain  restitution  of  his  property,  but 
died  there  (in  Modena,  his  native  town) 
shortly  after  his  arrival  Madame  Caran- 
dini has  eight  children,  three  of  whom 
were  bom  in  Sydney,  two  in  Hobart 
Town,  two  in  Melbourne,  and  one,  the 
youngest,  in  Taranaki,  N.Z.  Five  of  her 
daughters  are  well-known  to  the  public  as 
excellent  musicians,  vocal  as  well  as  instru- 
mental Four  of  them  are  married,  two 
being  settled  in  India.  Her  eldest  son  is 
an  officer  in  the  army,  and  is  now,  with 
His  regiment,  taking  part  in  the  Afghan 
war. 

CABEY,  Georqe  Jackson,  C.B.,  son 
of  Thomas  Carey,  Esq.,  of  Rbzel,  Isle  of 
Wight,  was  bom  there  in  1823.  He 
entered  the  Army  in  1845,  and  served 
with  distinction  in  the  Cape  Mounted 
Eifles  in  1846,  1847,  1850,  and  1852,  for 
which  he  obtained  a  medal  He  was 
military  secretary  to  Sir  James  Jackson 
when  comanding  the  Forces  at  the  Cape. 
He  was  Acting  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
ihe  Isle  of  Wight  in  1 862.  From  August 
1863  to  August  1865  he  served  in  New 
Zealand  as  Colonel  on  the  Staff  and  Briga- 
•dier-GtenereJ.  Here  he  distinguished  hirn- 
jielf  at  the  taking  of  Orakais,  one  of  the 
few  brilliant  events  of  the  war.  For 
this  he  was  made  a  C.R     On  May  27, 


1867,  the  Maori  chief  and  king-maker 
William  Thompson  surrendered  to  him. 
In  August,  1867  he  was  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  forces  in  Australia,  and 
left  New  Zealand  for  Melbourne.  On  the 
departure  of  Sir  Charles  Darling  he  was 
appointed  Acting  Governor,  which  office 
he  held  from  May  7  to  August  15,  1866. 
He  returned  to  En^and  in  1867,  and 
was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
2nd  brigade  at  Aldershot,  which  he  re- 
tained until  1871,  when  he  was  promoted 
to  the  command  of  the  northern  district 
of  England.  He  died  at  Mandiester  June 
12,  1872,  and  was  buried  in  his  native 
town  Bezel. 

CASEY,  Hon.  James  Joseph,  C.MG., 
bom  at  Tromroe,  county  Clare,  December 
25,  1831.  He  was  educated  at  Galway 
College.  In  1850  he  visited  America,  and 
was  connected  with    the   New    Orleans 

■ 

Press.  In  1854  he  visited  Ireland,  and 
instead  of  returning  to  the  United  States 
came  to  Australia,  arriving  in  Mel- 
bourne, February  14,  1855.  He  joined 
Mr.  Angus  Mackay  in  the  purchase  of  the 
Bendigo  Advertiser y  and  afterwards  started 
two '  other  country  pi^rs.  He  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  municipal  affairs  of 
Sandhurst,  and  in  1861  was  elected  to  Par- 
liament for  that  borough,  but  unseated  on 
petition.  In  1863  he  was  elected  to  the 
Assembly  for  Mandurang,  and  has  con- 
tinuously represented  that  constituency 
ever  since.  In  1868  he  was  appointed  a 
Member  of  the  Executive  Council,  and 
became  Minister  for  Justice  ;  in  1869 
was  appointed  Solicitor-General  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  Chairman  of  a  Boyal 
Commission  on  Intercolonial  Legislation 
and  a  Court  of  Appeal  In  1872  he  was 
made  President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and 
Works.  He  has  always  been  a  liberal  in 
politics,  and  is  a  warm  advocate  of  federar 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  "  Casey's  Justice's 
Manual,"  and  wrote  an  article  in  the  Mel- 
bourne Beview,  comparing  the  land  systems 
of  South  Australia  and  Victoria.  In  1 878 
he  was  appointed  Executive  Commissioner 
for  Victoria  at  the  Paris  Exhibition,  and 
conducted  this  work  soably  that  he  received 
the  title  of  C.MG.  On  Mr.  Casey's 
motion  the  Victorian  Hansard  was  estab- 
lished;  and  he  carried  several  measures 


CHAMBERS — CHEEKE. 


37 


for  the  siinplification  of  the  law&  .  Ab  an 
administrator  he  has  shown  much  vigour. 
WhilstLaw  officer  he  initiated  thes3rstein  of 
appointing  magistrates  to  districts  instead 
of  for  the  whole  colony  ;  the  jurisdiction 
of  ih»  comity  courts  was  increased  from 
£50  to  £250  at  common  law,  and  an  equit- 
able jurisdiction  was  conferred  on  them  up 
to  ;£500.  As  Minister  for  Lands,  he  re-or- 
ganiaed  the  department,  and  constituted 
the  survey  branch  on  its  present  effective 
baas.  He  diecked  the  system  of  "  dum- 
rnyism"  by  instituting  land  inquiries  at 
Stavell,  Sale,  Benalla,  and  Echuca,  and 
the  subsequent  forfeiture  of  the  pastoral 
nms  of  those  whose  complicity  with  the 
system  had  been  proved.  These  proceedings 
were  conducted  with  such  care,  and  it  may 
be  said  fairness,  that  no  attempt  was  made 
by  the  pastoral  tenants  whose  stations  and 
improvements  were  forfeited  to  question 
bis  decision  by  any  appeal  to  a  Court  of 
lav. 

CHAMBSBS,  Jaksb,  South  Australia, 
was  bom  at  Ponder's  End,  London,  Sep- 
tember 21,  1811.  He  was  one  of  the 
earhest  colonists,  having  arrived  in  Decem- 
ber, 1836.  He  was  the  first  man  to  drive 
a  team  of  buUocks  from  Adelaide  to  '*  The 
Port^"  marking  out  the  track  which,  with 
little  deviation,  has  since  been  followed  for 
forty-two  years.  He  was  afterwards  en- 
gaged in  horse  and  cattle  dealing  and  in 
pastoral  pursuits,  and  for  some  years  con- 
jointly with  his  brother  employed  the  great 
Australian  explorer,  JohnM^Douall  Stuart, 
in  sean^hing  for  new  country  in  the  interior. 
Mr.  Chambers  died  in  August,  1862. 

GHAMBEBS,  John,  South  Australia, 
was  bom  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and 
arrived  in  the  colony  in  February,  1837, 
shortly  after  his  brother  James,  with  whom 
he  was  afterwards  connected  in  business. 
J(^  Chambers  was  the  first  to  start  theidea 
o£  sending  J.  M'D.  Stuart  the  explorer 
across  the  continent  to  the  Indian  Ocean, 
80  that  to  him  lai^ly  belongs  the  credit 
indirectly  of  starting  the  overland  tele- 
graph and  the  discovery  of  a  large  extent 
of  valuable  pastoral  country.  Few  indi- 
viduals in  South  Australia,  with  the  single 
^oeption  of  Sir  Thomas  Elder,  have  done 
80  much  as  the  Messrs.  Chambers  towards 
^  exploration  of  the  country. 


CHAPMAN,  Henbt  Samuel,  wis 
called  to  the  Bar  id  1817.  In  June, 
1843,  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  New  Zealand ;  and  in  March, 
1852,  Colonial  Secretary  of  Van  Diemen'a 
Land.  In  November  he  resigned,  and 
went  to  Melbourne  in  February,  1855, 
practised  his  profession  and  became  a 
Member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  In 
March,  1857  he  became  Attorney-General, 
and  in  March,  1858,  he  formed  a  Ministry, 
which  continued  in  power  until  Octob^, 
1859.  In  1861  he  was  elected  for  Mom- 
ington.  In  1862-3  he  acted  as  Judge 
during  the  absence  of  Sir  Redmond  Bany. 
In  1865  he  left  Yictoria  for  New  Zealand, 
having  again  accepted  an  appointment  as 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  was 
for  some  time  law  lecturer  to  the  Mel- 
bourne University,  and  for  many  years  a 
writer  in  the  WestnUnsteTf  London^  and 
other  Quarterli/  Reviews  ;  he  contributed 
articles  to  the  seventh  edition  of  the 
ETieyclopasdia  Britannica^  and  still  fur- 
nishes articles  on  subjects  of  colonial  law 
to  the  Law  Magazine,  He  has  recently 
retired  on  a  pension. 

CHAPMAN,  Hoy.  Thomas  Daniel, 
was  in  1857  Colonial  Treasurer  of  Tas- 
mania, to  which  office  he  added  that  of 
Postmaster-General  in  1866;  Member  of 
Parliament  for  Hobart;  permitted  to  retain 
the  title  of  Honourable  on  ceasing  to  be  an 
Executive  Councillor.  In  1873  was  Colo- 
nial Secretary  and  Registrar  of  Kecords, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  April,  1876. ' 

CHEEKE,  Alfred,  Supreme  Court 
Judge  of  New  South  Wales,  bom  at  Eve- 
sham, Worcestershire,  in  1811,  was  the 
lineal  descendant  of  the  celebrated  Sir 
John  Cheke.  He  was  called  to  the  Bar 
in  1835,  and  joined  the  Oxford  Circuit. 
He  came  out  to  Sydney  in  1837,  was  made 
a  Magistrate  in  1838,  practised  as  a  Iwuv 
lister,  and  in  1841  was  appointed  Com- 
missioner of  the  Court  of  Claims.  In 
June,  1841,  he  was  appointed  Crown 
Prosecutor,  in  1844  Chairman  of  the 
Quarter  Sessions,  and  in  January,  1845, 
Commissioner  of  the  Court  of  Bequests. 
From  1851  to  1857  he  again  acted  as 
Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions,  and  in  1858, 
was  appointed  District  Court  Judge,  which 
office  he  filled  till  June,  1865,  when  he 


rfHTTJ>inW    CLAJBJSi 


elevated  to  a  PuisiLe  Judgedbip  id  the 
Snpseme  Court.  He  held  this  last  office 
until  his  death,  March  14,  187«6. 

OHILDEBS,  HoK.  Hugh  CuLUNa 
£iLBi>LET,  M.P.,  bom  in  London  in 
1827,  was  educated  at  Cheam  School, 
luid  at  TrinityOollege,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  B.A.  in  1850,  and  the  same 
year  came  out  to  Victoria.  He  was  a 
Member  of  the  Goreamment  in  1851,  his 
first  appointment  being  that  of  Auditor- 
General.  When  constitutional  govern- 
ment was  established  he  was  returned  for 
Portland  in  the  first  Legislative  Assembly 
in  1855,  and  was  Couunissioner  for  Cus- 
toms in  the  first  constitutional  ministry  of 
which  Mr.  W.  C.  Haines  was  Chief  Sec- 
letary.  He  retired  from  office  in  1857,  and 
setunied  to  England  as  Agent-GeneraL 
In  1860  he  became  a  Member  of  the  House 
ai  Commons,  and  was,  in  1861,  Chairman 
cf  the  Sdaet  Committee  on  T^ransportation, 
and,  in  1863,  a  Member  of  the  Committee 
on  Penal  Servitude.  He  was  a  Member 
of  the  Ministry  in  the  two  eucoeeding 
y«ars,  but  retired  on  the  accession  of  Lord 
Derby  in  1866.  He  was  appoint^  First 
Lord  of  the  Admiralty  in  1868,  but  was 
compelled  by  ill  health  to  resign  in  1871. 

CHISHOLM,  Mjtt.  Cabolive,  "the 
Xnmiigrant's  Friend,"  bom  in  the  parish  of 
Wooting,  Northamptonshire,  England,  in 
1810 ;  married  in  1830  to  Captain  Alex- 
cmder  Chisholm  of  the  Lidian  Army; 
arrived' in  Sydney  in  1839  with  her  hus- 
band and  children,  the  former  being  on 
flick  leave.  On  Captain  Cbisholm's  return 
to  Lidia  he  left  his  wife  and  children  in 
New  South  Walea  In  1841,  after  many 
difficulties,  she  established  her  Home  ior 
Female  Lnmigrants,  and  her  system  for 
dispersing  them  amongst  the  country  dis- 
tricts. Li  1846  she  returned  to  England 
with  important  commissions  from  colonists 
to  inquire  for  relatives  and  to  assist  them 
in  emigrating.  There  she  passed  seven 
^ears  actively  employed  in  her  good  work, 
imd  amongst  other  plans  she  founded  the 
<*  Family  Colonisation  Society,"  by  which 
passage  money  was  collected  by  weekly 
instalments,  and  she  lectured  throiighout 
England  in  favour  of  emigration.  Im- 
proved accommodation  for  females  was  by 
her  efforts  provided  on  board  emigrant 


vessels.  In  1854  she  again  visitedAiiB- 
traiia,  but  in  a  few  years  raturaed  to 
Eagkuid,  where  she  died,  Marah  29, 1877. 
She  was  granted  a  pension  from  the  Civil 
List  for  her  eminent  aervioea.  Mn. 
Chisholm  left  a  large  family  of  sons  and 
daughters,  one  of  whom  is  manied  to  Mr. 
Gray^  a  Member  of  the  BritaidL  House  ii 
Commons. 

CHBISTIE,  Majob  Wtllum  Habvet, 
bom  in  Ceykn  in  1808,  son  of  Doctor 
Thomas  Christie  of  Cheltenham,  educated 
at  Bugby  and  the  Militaiy  Acadesij, 
Woolwi<^  where  he  qualified  for  the 
Artillery,  although  he  ent^^  the  Infantry 
as  an  Ensign  in  the  80th ;  became  a 
lieutenant  in  1827,  and  Captain  in  1833. 
He  came  with  his  regiment  to  New  Sooth 
Wales  in  1838,  and  the  same  year  he 
attained  his  Majority.  He  retired  fron 
the  Army  in  1840,  and  was  made  Visitiiig 
Justice  of  Carter's  Barracks,  and  then 
Folice  IMagistrate  at  Hyde  Park  Barra^ 
Ceasing  to  be  Police  Magistrate  in  1842 
he  was  a^^inted  Agent  for  the  Churdi 
and  School  Estates,  and  in  1852  was 
made  Postmaster-General  of  New  South 
Wales,  which  office,  not  being  then  a 
ministerial  department,  he  held  until 
1865.  He  died  at  his  residence,  Pyrmont^ 
March  19,  1873. 

CLAKK,  Rev.  Charles,  was  bom  in 
London,  April  19,  1838.  At  the  age 
of  20  he  entered  the  Baptist  College, 
Nottingham,  as  a  student  for  the  Minis- 
try, and  at  the  North  Parade  Baptist 
Church,  Halifax,  and  afterwards  attracted 
large  congregations  at  Maze  Pond,  Lon- 
don. His  third  charge  was  Broadmead 
Baptist  Church,  Bristol ;  here  also  he 
drew  large  congregations.  In  1868  he 
accepted  an  invitation  from  the  Baptist 
Church  in  Albert-street,  Melbourne,  and 
continued  in  charge  of  that  church  until 
1874.  Since  that  period  he  has  employed 
himself  in  travelling,  and  giving  his  much 
admired  lectures  on  Charles  Dickens  and 
other  subjects,  occasionally  preaching  by 
invitation. 

CLARK,  John  Howakb,  was  bom  at 
Birmingham,  January  15,  1830.  His 
&ther,  Francis  Clark,  was  engaged  in 
business  in  Birmingham.  His  mother  was 
a  sister  of  Sir  Rowland  Hill.       He  eariy 


CIAMKB^fif ..  A  KKIL 


M 


litowed  a  taste  for  literature,  and  sliortly 
ifter  leaving  echool  empl<^Fed  his  pen 
freely  in  preee  and  verse.  He  entered  the 
employ  df  a  large  iron-emelti]^  firm  at 
DatUey,  bat  gave  it  up  from  failing  health, 
and  in  1849  was  seized  with  a  severe 
ilinesL  Upon  his  reooveiy,  his  father  act- 
iDg  on  medical  advice  that  a  warmer 
dim»te  wiu,  neoenaiy  both  for  him  and 
his  mother,  brought  him  out  to  Adelaide, 
▼here  he  arrived  in  June,  1850.  fie 
the&  joined  the  firm  of  Francis  Clark  and 
Son,  aooountaate  and  merchants.  He 
Masted  in  the  formation  of  the  Adelaide 
Fliilosophical  Society,  of  which  he  was 
for  s^ne  years  secretary.  He  also  took 
n  important  part  in  establishing  the  South 
Austnliaai  Institttta  In  1860  he  joined 
die  Volunteer  Forea  Soon  after  his 
mival  in  the  colony  he  became  a  con- 
tnbat(»'  to  the  EeffiMer  and  Tdegraph, 
ht  1865  he  joined  the  proprietaxy  of  the 
Register  as  cominercial  manager,  and  in 
1870  88  editor.  In  Marda,  1878,  he  went 
to  Port  Willinga  Forest  and  there  died, 
May  20th  of  that  year.  He  was  twice 
iDsnied,  and  leaves  a  widow  and  several 
diildreiL 

CLARKE,  Sir  Akdrew,  C.B.,  K.C.M.G., 
bom  in  1824,  is  the  eldest  son  of  ihe 
hte  Colonel  Sir  Andrew  Clarke,  who 
^  in  1846  whilst  Governor  of  Western 
Australia.  In  1843  he  obtained  a  oomr 
Bisakm  in  the  Royal  Engineers,  after  an 
examination  in  which  he  took  the  highest 
plwe.  In  1847  Sir  William  Denison, 
GoT^nor  of  Tasmania,  chose  him  for  his 
PriTate  Secretary,  and  here  he  remained 
antil  in  1853  he  was  appointed  Surveyor- 
QcneraJ  and  Chief  Commissioner  of  Crown 
Im6s  in  Victoria.  He  'was  appointed  a 
inimiiee  Member  of  the  L^islative  Council. 
Here  he  had  full  soopo  for  his  utmost 
esertions  in  pushing  forward  surveys.  In 
1^  he  was  elected  to  the  L^slative 
Asnmbly,  and  joined  the  Cabinet  of  Mr. 
Haines.  On  the  resignation  of  that 
Ministry  he  returned  to  England  to  resume 
lus  militaty  duties.  In  1862  he  was  sent 
to  iiopect  the  gatrisons  on  the  Gold  Coast, 
la  1864  he  was  appointed  Director  of 
Public  Wodn  to  the  Admiralty.  In  this 
^^Mty  he  ooaatmcted  the  docks  at  £er- 
tttoda  aad  Maita»  and  the  fortifications  of 


Portemoutii.  In  1869  he  was  made  A 
C.R  In  1873  he  was  appointed  Governor 
of  the  Straits  Settlements  and  made 
K.C.M.G.  In  1875  he  was  appointed 
Minister  for  Public  Works  in  India. 

CIcAEKE,  Marous,  only  son  of  ihib 
late  William  Hislop  Clarke^  was  bom  at 
Kensington  in  1847 ;  came  out  to  Yio- 
toria  in  1863,  and  was  for  four  years  on 
the  Wimmera,  when  he  came  to  M^ 
bourne  to  join  the  staff  of  the  Argus,  In 
1868  he  married  Mi?s  Marion  Dunn, 
second  daughter  of  Mr.  John  Dunn  the 
comedian.  In  1876  he  was  appointed 
Assistant  Librarian  of  the  Public  Library^ 
and  has  since  ceased  in  a  great  measure  his 
contributions  to  literature.  His  works 
are  *'The  Peripatetic  Philosopher"  (a  series 
of  clever  sketches) ;  "  Long  Odds,"  a  novel ; 
"HoHday  Peak";  "Little  Bopeep,"  a 
pantomime  ;  "  Plot,"  a  drama ;  "  Twinkle 
Twinkle  Little  Star,"  a  pantomime ;  and 
"  His  Natural  Life,"  a  powerful  romance. 

CLARKE,  Rev.  William  Brak- 
THWAITE,  F.R.S.,  was  bom  at  East  Bergholt, 
county  Suffolk,  June  2,  1798.  He 
wa3  educated  at  Dedham  Grammar  School 
and  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge.  He 
took  his  degree  of  B.A.  in  1821,  and  was 
ordained  Deaoon  the  same  vear.  At 
Cambridge  he  attended  the  lectures  of 
Professor  Sedgwick  and  Dr.  K  Clarke, 
and  thus  acquired  the  foundation  of  his 
geologic  knowledga  In  1819  he  wrote  a 
poem,  "  Pompeii,"  which  competed  against 
Lord  Macaulay's  "  Lays,"  and  his  contri- 
butions to  different  periodicals  were  after- 
wards collected  under  the  title  of  "  Lays 
of  Leisura"  In  1824  lie  took  his  degree 
of  M.A.  and  was  admitted  into  priest's 
orders.  He  made  many  vacation  tours 
of  the  Continent  and  Great  Britain  in 
pursuit  of  geologic  information.  From 
1828  to  1833  he  published  several  essays, 
and  contributed  to  the  Magazine  of  Natural 
History.  In  1833  he  was  presented 
to  a  living  in  Dorsetshire,  and  in  1837  the 
Bishop  of  Salisbury  appointed  him  one  of 
his  chaplains.  In  1830  he  came  out  to 
Australia,  partly  for  healtL  He  took 
charge  of  King's  School,  Parramatta, 
and  clerical  duty  in  that  district ;  after- 
wards at  CampbeUtown.  In  1846  he 
entered  upon  the  charge  of  St.  Thomas's, 


M 


CLARKE—COHEN. 


Willoughby,  where  he  continued  until 
1870.  His  numerous  essays  on  science 
generally,  and  geology  particularly,  in 
Australia,  have  been  the  foundation  of  all 
our  knowledge  of  the  subject.  In  1841,  he 
gave  abundant  testimony  from  geological 
and  mineralogical  knowledge  as  to  the 
existence  of  gold  in  New  South  Wales ; 
and  in  1844,  described  the  existence  of  a 
gold-field  in  the  Bathurst  district  without 
personal  exploration  and  without  any 
knowledge  of  Strzelecki's  previous  dis- 
covery, ozi  the  very  spot  mentioned  pri- 
vately by  the  Polish  discoverer,  ^ve  years 
previously.  (See  Strzelecki.)  For  the 
same  reasons  as  those  given  to  Btrzelecki, 
the  Governor  requested  Mr.  Clarke  to 
keep  the  matter  secret.  In  1847,  in  his 
comparison  of  the  geology  of  Kussia  with 
that  of  Australia,  he  stated  that  ''New 
South  Wales  will  probably,  on  some  future 
day,  be  found  wonderfully  rich  in  metals," 
and  this  prophecy  was  fulfilled .  Mr.  Clarke 
engaged  in  a  long  controversy  with  several 
Victorian  geologists  respecting  the  value 
of  the  carboniferous  formations  of  New 
South  Wales,  and  fully  and  conclusively 
proved  that  their  assertions  as  to  the  value 
of  the  coal  measures  of  New  South  Wales 
were  incorrect, — a  fact  further  confirmed 
by  the  New  South  Wales  Examiner  of 
Coal  Fields.  For  his  great  services  to 
science,  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the 
Boysl  Society.  He  died  June  16,  1878, 
at  his  residence.  North  Shore,  Sydney. 

CLARKE,  William  John,  bom  in 
Tasmania,  arrived  in  Victoria  in  1850. 
He  spent  his  first  year  in  learning  sheep- 
farming  on  the  Dowling  Forest  station, 
then  the  property  of  his  father.  The 
following  year  he  became  manager  of  the 
Woodlands  station  on  the  Wimmera,  and 
afterwards  went  to  Norton  Mandeville  in 
Tasmania,  which  station,  conjointly  with 
his  brother,  Joseph  Clarke,  he  rented 
for  the  purposes  of  sheep-farming.  Ten 
years  after  this,  he  returned  to  Victoria 
and  undertook  the  management  of  his 
father's  business  in  that  colony.  During 
his  residence  in  Victoria  he  was  for  some 
time  Chairman  of  the  Braybrook  Eoad 
Board,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Melton 
Shire  Council.  He  is  now  President  of 
the  West  Bourke  Agricultural  Association, 


and  President  of  the  Victoria  CoursiiQ 
dub.  He  married  in  1860  Mary,  second 
daughter  of  Hon.  John  Walker,  M.L.C., 
of  Tasmania ;  she  died  in  1871,  leaving 
four  children, — ^two  sons  and  two  daug^ 
ters  :  and  secondly,  in  1874,  Janet  Marian, 
eldest  daughter  of  tiie  late  Peter  Snodgraas, 
Esq.,  M.i1A.,  of  Victoria,  by  whom  ht 
has  also  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

COCKLE,  Sir  James,  Chief  Justice  of 
Queensland,  bom  at  Great  Oakley,  Essex, 
January  14,  1819.  He  was  educated  at 
Stormont  House,  Bayswater,  Charterhouse 
School,  and  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
where  he  graduated  RA.  in  1841.  In 
1845  he  took  his  MA.  d^rea  In  1846 
he  was  called  to  the  Bar.  In  1854  hewas 
•elected  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Astronomical 
Society,  and  two  years  afterwards  Fellow 
of  the  Cambridge  Philosophical  Society. 
In  1862  he  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
Queensland;  was  knighted  in  1869,  and 
visited  Europe  in  1878. 

COHEN,  HoK.  Edward,  was  bom  in 
London,  in  1822.  He  came  out  with  his 
parents  in  1833,  and  was  in  business  with 
his  father  as  a  grocer  in  Sydney.  In  1842 
he  went  to  Melbourne  and  joined  Mr.  K 
Francis  as  an  auctioneer.  In  1853  he 
returned  to  Sydney,  but  the  climate  not 
suiting  his  family,  went  back  to  Melbourne, 
and  became  a  general  merchant  and  then 
auctioneer  until  1863.  He  was  Mayor  of 
Melbourne  in  1862-63.  He  was  elected 
for  East  Melbourne  in  1861,  and  was 
Commissioner  of  Customs  in  1869-70, 
and  again  from  1872  to  1873.  He  died 
April  13,  1874. 

COHEN,  Hekrt  Emanuel,  ML.A, 
bom  at  Port  Macquarie  in  December, 
1840,  came  with  his  parents  to  Sydney  in 
1848,  and  removed  with  them  to  Goulbum 
in  1855.  He  was  educated  at  varions 
schools  in  Sydney  and  Goulbum.  In  1856 
he  became  an  assistant  in  the  house  of 
David  Cohen  and  Co.,  West  Maitland, 
where  he  remained  until  1864.  From 
1864  to  1868  he  was  engaged  in  conmier- 
cial  pursuits,  wEen  he  proceeded  to  England 
to  read  for  the  Bar,  to  which  he  was  oJled 
in  June  1871.  He  left  London  on  his 
return  to  New  South  Wales  at  the  end  of 
September,  and  was  a  passenger  by  the 
"  Rangoon "  when  she  was  lost  at  GaLle. 


COLE— COOK. 


a 


jj^  December,  1874,  lie  became  Member 
\^Jt  Wesb  MaiUandy  and  supported  the 
^g^a^eB  AdminiBtratioiL    He  accepted  office 

Treasurer  nnder  Mr.  'Famell  in  Decem- 

r,  1877,  and  retired  with  that  Ministry 

Beconber,  1878. 

COLE,  Captain  Georob  Ward,  bom 
•t  Lomley  Castie,  November  15,  1793, 
entered  the  Navy  in  1807.  He  was  in 
actire  service  until  1817,  when  being 
placed  on  half-pay  he  entered  the  mer- 
chant service  and  continued  trading  in 
Cliiiia,  the  South  Sea  Islands,  and  North 
Ammca,  until  1839,  when  he  came  to 
Sydney  intending  to  construct  a  patent 
dip,  but  returning  to  England  for  the 
reqiusite  machinery  he  changed  his  mind 
and  resolved  to  settle  in  Melbouma  He 
arrived  there  in  1840,  and  next  year  built 
Cole's  Wharf,  on  the  Yarra.  In  1851  he 
built  the  *'  City  of  Melbourne,"  the  first 
screw  steamer  ever  seen  on  this  side  of  the 
equator.  In  1863  he  introduced  sugar- 
beet  into  the  colony.  In  1853  he  was 
elected  to  the  Victorian  Legislative  Coun- 
cO  forOipps  Land,  but  resigned  in  1855, 
intending  to  visit  England  In  1859  he 
was  elected  to  the  Le^lative  Council  for 
tiie  Central  Province,  and  has  sat  for  it 
ever  since.  He  married  twice,  and  had 
seven  children,  three  of  whom  died  young, 
and  his  eldest  son  was  drowned  in  1846. 

COLLINS,     Colonel  .  David,     first 
Governor  of  Tasmania,  was  bom  at  Exeter, 
in  1754.    He  was  of  Irish  descent,  the  son 
of  Arthur  Tooker  Collins,  and  grandson  of 
Arthur  Collins,  author  of  a  well-known 
vork  on  the  Peerage.     In  1770  he  was 
appointed  Lieutenant  of  Marines.  In  1772 
be  was  with  Admiral  McBride  in  rescuing 
the  unfortunate  Matilda,  Queen  of  Den- 
mark, sister  of    George    III.     In    1775 
be  was  serving  in  America,  and  married  a 
lady  of  that  country.     He  distinguished 
bimaelf  in  the  revolutionary  war,  leading 
the  storming  party  at  Bunker  Hill.     In 
1784  he  was  in  the  "  Courageux,"  in  the 
relief  of  Gibraltar.     In  1787  he  was  ap- 
pointed Judge  Advocate  of  the  new  Colony 
of  New  Sou&  Wales,  and  chosen  Secretary 
by  the  Governor,  which  position  he  filled 
during  a  trying  period  of  nearly  ten  years. 
He  returned  to  England  in  1797,  and  in 
1798   published    "An  Account    of    the 


English  Colony  in  New  South  Wales." 
In  October,  1803,  he  was  appointed 
Lieutenant-Governor,  and  given  charge  of 
a  settlement  at  Port  Phillip,  but  in 
January  following  he  abandoned  that 
place  and  with  his  party  sailed  for  Yan 
Diemen's  Land  and  formed  a  settlement 
on  the  banks  of  the  Derwent,  on  a  site  he 
called  after  Lord  Hobart,  Secretary  for 
the  Colonics.  He  was  lieutenant-Govemor 
of  Hobart  Town  for  six  years,  and  died 
there  suddenly,  March  24,  1810.  A 
monument,  long  projected,  was  erected  to 
his  memory  in  Hobart  Town,  in  1838,  by 
direction  of  Sir  John  Franklin. 

CONOLLY,  Rev.  Philip,  first  Eonuin 
Catholic  clergyman  of  Yan  Diemen's  Land, 
bom  in  Ireland,  came  out  to  Australia 
with  Rev.  J.  J.  Therry,  in  1820;  was 
stationed  for  a  few  months  in  Parramatta; 
landedin  Yan  Diemen's  Land,  March,  1821 ; 
his  first  services  were  held  in  a  Mr.  Curr's 
stores,  Bathurst-street,  Hobart  Town;  land 
being  granted  in  Harrington-street^  a  rude 
wooden  chapel  was  raised.  He  died  in 
1839. 

COOK,  Captain  James,  discoverer  of 
New  South  Wales,  was  bom  at  Marton, 
county  York,  October  27,  1728.  He  was 
apprenticed  to  a  shopkeeper  at  Staiths,  a 
small  seaport  town.  Here  he  imbibed  such 
a  taste  for  the  sea  that  his  master  gave  up 
his  indentures,  and  he  bound  himself  for 
three  years  to  some  shipowners  of  Whitby. 
In  1755,  at  the  commencement  of  the 
French  war,  he  entered  the  Navy.  In  1759, 
as  master  of  the  "  Mercury,"  he  performed 
the  hazardous  task  of  taking  soundings  in 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  French 
encampments.  He  afterwards  assisted  at 
the  taking  of  Newfoundland  In  1762  he 
returned  to  England,  where  he  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  Batts,  by  whom  he  had  six 
children.  Next  year  he  went  again  to 
Newfoundland,  as  marine  surveyor.  After 
another  visit  to  England  he  returned  to 
Newfoundland,  and  whilst  there  communi- 
cated to  the  Royal  Society  an  observation 
on  a  solar  eclipse  in  1766.  In  1768  he 
was  chosen  to  command  an  expedition  to 
the  South  Seas  to  observe  the  transit  of 
Yenus.  He  was  accompanied  in  the 
"Endeavour"  by  Mr.  Green,  an  astronomer, 
Dr.  Solander,  a  naturalist^  and  by  Mr. 


IB 


€ooe: 


(afterwards  Sir)  Joieph  Banics.  The  phe- 
iiooiena  weore  observed  mb  Tahiti,  June  ^ 
1769.  He  next  sailed  south  and  ezf^ored 
the  coast  of  New  Zealand  :  then,  steering 
to  the  westward,  on  A^l  19,  1776,  at  € 
^dock  in  the  xnoming,  tiie  first  iand  of  New 
Holland  was  deacried,  and  naoned  by  Cap- 
tain Cook  "  FoLDit  Hicks,"  from  the  naaeof 
the  first  lieutenanty  who  dtscoyered  itw  It 
lies  a  short  diHtamoe  to  the  southward  of 
Cape  Howe,  in  the  district  of  Gij^Mland, 
A.  F.,  in  about  kmg.  149^  15'  east,  and 
lat  37**  40'  south.  Captain  Cook  hmded 
five  times  on  the  coast  Tke  ^*^fint"  was 
on  April  28,  1770,  in  iat  SV  south,  in 
«r  beautiful  bay,  to  which  the  name  of 
^  Botany  Bay"  was  given,  from  the  large 
number  of  plants  collected  there  by  Messrs. 
Solander  and  Banks ;  the  *^  second'*  was  on 
May  22,  1770,  when  in  about  Iat.  24'  20' 
soutii.  Amongst  thesaad-bankshesaw  birds 
larger  than  swans,  which  he  imagined  were 
pelicans ;  he  shot  a  kind  of  bustard  which 
weighed  upwards  of  seventeen  pounds ;  this 
bird  proved  v&cy  delicate  food,  on  which 
account  he  named  the  bay  "  Bustard  Bay." 
The  "  thir<r'  time  was  on  May  30, 1770,  in 
Iat  22"  10'  sotttL  As  no  water  was  to  be 
found  in  their  different  excursions  into 
the  interior,  Captain  Cook  called  the  inlet 
where  the  ship  lay  "  Thirsty  Sound,"  and 
it  may  be  known  by  a  group  of  islands 
that  lie  right  before  it,  between  three  and 
four  leagues  out  to  sea.  The  "/owrtk" 
time  was  on  June  18,  1770  (seven  days 
after  the  '^  Endeavour"  had  struck  upon  a 
ooral  rock),  in  Iat  15**  26'  south,  long. 
214'  42'  30'  east,  at  the  Endeavotir  River, 
where  he  refitted,  and  which  was  so  called 
from  the  name  of  the  vessel.  During  his 
stay  here  many  of  his  crew  were  very 
much  alarmed,  and  one  of  the  seamen 
declared  he  had  seen  the  devil,  which  he 
Hius  described  :— "  He  was,"  said  he,  "  as 
lupgQ  as  a  one^allon  keg  and  veiy  like  it ; 
he  had  horns  and  wings,  yet  he  crept  so 
slowly  through  the  grass  1  jat  if  I  had  not 
been  afeard  1  might  have  touched  him." 
This  formidable  apparition  Captain  Cook 
stfterwards  discovered  to  have  been  a  bat, 
**  which  must  be  acknowledged  to  be  of  a 
frightful  appearance,  it  being  black,  and 
full  as  large  as  a  partridge,"  but  the  man's 
own    apprehensions    had    furnished     his 


I  devil  with  honfi.  On  August  21,  1770, 
Captain  Cook  sailed  through  a  channel  i& 
which  was  a  number  of  shoals,  and  ga^ 
thename  of  Cape  York  to  a  point  of  the 
mainland  which  f orsis  the  side  of  the 
channel ;  a  large  bay  is  formed  to  the 
south  of  the  cape^  wkich  was  called  New- 
castle Bay,  and  in  which  are  several  littie 
islands ;  the  islands  discovered  in  tiie 
morning  of  that  day  were  oalled  Yoik 
Islands.  In  the  afternoon  he  anchored 
between  some  islands,  and  observed  that 
the  channel  now  began  to  grow  wider.  Hie 
perceived  two  distant  points  between  whidi 
no  land  could  be  seen,  so  that  the  liope  of 
ha^dng  at  length  explored  a  passage  into 
the  Indian  8ea  began  to  animate  eveiy 
breast  on  board ;  but  to  bring  the  matter  to 
a  certainty.  Captain  Cook  took  a  party,  and 
being  accompanied  by  Messrs.  Solander  and 
Banks,  he  knded  for  ihe  ^^Jifth"  time,  o& 
an  island  on  which  they  had  seen  a  number 
of  Indians.  Some  of  these  Indians  stood 
on  shore  as  if  to  oppose  the  landing  of 
Cook  and  his  party,  but  they  retired  before 
the  boat  reached  the  beach.  The  Captsin 
and  his  company  now  ascended  a  hill 
whence  they  had  a  view  of  nearly  40 
miles,  in  which  space  there  was  nothing 
that  threatened  to  oppose  their  passage,  so 
that  the  certainty  of  a  channel  seemed  to 
be  almost  indubitable.  Previous  to  their 
leaving  the  island,  Captain  Cook  displayed 
the  English  colours,  and  took  posflession  of 
all  the  eastern  coast  of  the  country,  in  theie 
words  : — "  As  I  am  now  about  to  quit  the 
eastern'  coast  of  New  Holland,  which  I 
have  coasted  from  Iat  38*"  to  this  place,  and 
which  I  am  confident  no  £uro|3ean  has  ever 
seen  before,  I  once  more  hoist  Englii^ 
colours  ;  and  though  I  have  already  taken 
possession  of  several  parts,  I  now  take 
possession  of  the  wh<^e  eastern  coast,  by 
the  nan>e  of  New  South  Wales  (from  its 
great  similarity  to  that  part  of  the  princi- 
pality of  Wales),  in  right  of  my  Sovereign, 
Geoi^e  the  Third,  Ki^of  Great  Britain." 
His  men  then  fired  three  volleys  of  small 
aims,  which  were  answered  by  the  same 
number  from  the  ship,  and  by  three  cheers 
from  the  main  shrouds.  He  re^embarked  i& 
the  boat,  and  left  this  island,  to  which,  from 
the  ceremony  just  performed,  he  gave  ihe 
name  of  Possession  Island.     It  lies  in  Iat 


tt 


10"  30'  goEotL  The  north-east  e&truice  of 
die  paan^  is  formed  hy  the  mainland  of 
J^ew  HoHaiid  and  by  a  number  of  islaiidfly 
witidi  took  tke  name  of  Priaoe  of  Wales 
Mauds ;  and  to  tbe  passage  ^irongh  which 
be  sailed  Oaptain  Cook  gave  the  name  of 
£DdeaToar  Straits.  He  explored  a  oon? 
siderable  portion  of  the  east  coast  of  Ans- 
tnlia^  and  returned  to  FiTigland  in  June, 
177L  In  Jnly,  1772,  he  sailed  in 
the  "  BesoltztioiXy"  accompanied  by  the 
"Adventure,"  to  explore  in  high  southern 
yitadea,  in  order  to  awertom  if  any  gwrt 
soQthem  continent  eidsted,  but  after  an 
muQceessful  search  returned  to  England 
IB  July,  1774.  In  July,  17  76,  he  again  sailed 
in  the  *'  Resolution,''  aooompanied  by  the 
''Diaeoyeiy,"  this  time  to  discover  a  passage 
to  the  norUi  of  America,  fle  was  not  suo- 
OBsfa],  sad  on  returning  to  winter  in 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  was  killed  in  an 
imfortanate  quarrel  with  the  natives  of 
Hswaii  (Owhyee)  February  14,  1779. 
Owing  toWiyoa^rSsmek  taken 
bv  Captain  Cook  and  the  sanitary  pre- 
Gutions  he  adopted,  his  voyages  were 
diitingaiahed  amongst  those  of  the  centuiy 
for  the  small  loss  incurred  in  their  prose- 
cutioa.  Bat  the  last  was  destined  to  be 
fatal  to  many  of  the  officers  who  sailed 
in  the  two  ships,  the  ^'Resolution"  and 
'^Discovery."  In  addition  to  Captain 
Cook,  killed  February  14,  1779,  Captain 
Gierke,  who  suooeeded  to  the  chief  com- 
naad,  snccumbed  at  the  age  of  38,  to 
eoDsomption,  from  which  he  had  suffered 
before  he  l^t  England  <m  August  22nd 
in  the  same  year;  and  Captain  King, 
the  aooompliidied  historian  of  the  voyage, 
lifter  the  death  of  Cook,  died  at  Nice, 
in  the  autumn  <^  1784,  of  disease  caused 
by  the  hardships  and  vicissitudes  of 
dinokte  to  which  he  had  been  exposed. 
King  Geoq^  the  Third  was  not  forgetful 
«f  the  servioes  of  his  great  subject,  whose 
^veries  riied  no  leas  gloiy  on  his  reign 
tB«n  the  victories  by  sea  and  land  which 
all  EngiiiAmen  regard  with  so  mudi  pride 
and  sati^actios.  fle  settled  a  pension  of 
^25  per  annum  on  each  of  the  three  sur- 
yivmg  BODS  of  the  gr^BJt  circumnavigator, 
Md  a  pennon  <tf  £200  a  year  on  the 
"^ow.  Ihis  lady  had  soon  cause  to 
<^k»e  the  loss  in  their  country's  service 


of  others  only  leas  dear  to  her  than  her 
gallant  and  lamented  husband.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1780,  the  month  when  by  ike  retam 
of  the  "Resolution"  and  "Discovery," 
Mrs.  Cook  was  made  aware  of  the  first 
great  irreparable  loss  she  had  sustainad^ 
hersecond  son,  Nathaniel,  16  years  of  agc^ 
was  lost  on  board  the  "  Thunderer''  mam- 
of -war,  which  foundered  in  a  gale  of  wind. 
The  youngest  son,  Hu^  a  student  <£ 
Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  died  of  feret 
at  the  early  age  of  17,  December  21, 17J^; 
and  on  January  25th  in  the  following  year^ 
the  eldest  son  aged  31,  who  bore  his  father's 
name,  and  commanded  the  "Spitfire"  sloop- 
of-war,  was  driven  to  sea  whilst  attempting 
to  board  his  ship  oE  Poole,  ina  heavy  gale^ 
and  perished  together  with  the  boat's  crew. 
His  body  was  afterwards  recovered,  and 
conveyed  to  Spithead  on  board  his  owa 
ship,  whence  it  was  removed  to  Can- 
bridge,  and  buried  by  the  side  of  his 
youngest  brother,  whose  funeral  he  had 
attended  only  six  weeks  previously.  Mra 
Cook  was  herself  brought  to  the  brink  ci 
the  grave  by  these  accumulated  li^^eav^ 
m^ats,  but  she  recovered  her  health,  and 
lived  to  the  extraordinary  age  of  93,  ha^ 
ing  smrvived  her  husband  56  years.  8be 
died  May  13,  1835,  leaving  a  charitable 
bequest  to  t^e  poor  of  Clapham.  To  the 
memory  of  Captain  Cook  a  handsome 
bronze  statoe,  by  Woolner,  was  erected  in 
Hyde  Park,  Sydney,  by  the  people  of  N. 
S.  Wales,  Februaiy  25,  1879. 

COOPER,  Sir  Charlbs,  formerly  CUef 
Justice  of  South  Australia,  bom  at  Hen.- 
ley,  in  1795  ;  called  to  the  Bar  in  1827, 
and  went  on  the  Oxford  Circuit  until  1838, 
when  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  Souih 
Australia,  where  he  landed  in  March,  1839, 
and  was  sole  Judge  until  1849,  when  he 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice.  Li  1858  he 
was  Inughted.  In  1862,  on  account  of  iU 
health,  he  resigned,  and  received  a  pension, 
which  he  still  enjoys  at  Bath  in  Knghmd, 
his  health  having  been  restored  by  repose. 
Cocker's  Creek  in  the  interior  of  Australia 
was  named  in  his  honour. 

COOPER,  Sir  Danik^  Bart^  was  bom 
in  B(dton,  Lancashire,  July  1,  1821.  He 
came  to  the  ocrfony  early,  and  was  educated 
at  one  of  the  best  schools  ihen  in  ezistenoe. 
In  1835  he  went  to  England  and  studied 


44 


OOPPIN— OOWPER. 


at  the  London  University  for  four  years. 
In  1841  he  entered  a  mercantile  house  in 
Havre,  but  soon  returned  to  England  to 
the  house  of  his  uncla  In  1 843  he  returned 
to  Sydney,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
firm  of  Holt  and  Cooper,  which  in  1852 
became  D.  Cooper  and  Co.  In  1850  he  first 
-entered  into  politics.  During  the  Crimean 
war  he  exerted  himself  in  raising  subscrip- 
tions for  the  relief  of  the  widows  and 
orphans  of  those  who  fell  in  battle, 
towards  which  he  gave  £1,000  and  X500 
per  annum  during  the  continuance  of  the 
war.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  from  May  22,  1856,  to  August 
31,  1859.  In  1857  he  was  knighted, 
and  in  1863  was  made  a  baronet  for 
the  part  which  he  took  in  the  Lancashire 
Belief  Fund.  He  visited  England  several 
times,  and  during  his  residence  there 
exerted  himself  to  put  the  warehousing 
and  sale  of  wool  upon  more  equitable 
terms.  He  married  in  1846  the  third 
daughter  of  William  Hill,  Esq.,  and  has 
two  sons  and  five  daughters.  He  resides 
in  England. 

COPPIN,  George,  was  bom  at  Steyn- 
ing,  Sussex,  April  8,  1819.  His  father 
was  a  clergyman  of  Norwich.  He  was 
educated  for  the  medical  profession,  but 
disliking  it,  adopted  the  stage  at  the  age 
of  17.  He  was  employed  as  a  low  come- 
dian in  various  parts  of  England,  and  in 
1843  arrived  in  Sydney.  In  1845  he 
opened  the  Queen's  Theatre  in  Melbouma 
'From  there  he  went  to  Adelaide,  and  was 
successful  as  a  publican,  and  speculated 
largely  in  minea  The  discovery  of  gold 
caused  his  mining  speculations  to  fail,  and 
in  1852  he  started  the  Greelong  Theatre. 
Here  he  was  so  successful  as  to  pay  all  his 
creditors,  and  in  1854  to  retire  on  a  small 
competency.  He  went  to  England,  but 
returned  again  at  the  end  of  the  year  and 
built  the  Olympic  Theatre.  In  1859  un- 
successful speculations  again  ruined  him, 
and  he  went  for  two  years  to  America, 
when  he  returned  and  joined  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Theatre  IloyaL  A  year  after- 
wards, this  was  burnt  down,  but  in  Novem- 
ber, 1872,  a  new  theatre  was  built,  and  has 
been  very  prosperoua  In  1858  Mr.  Coppin 
was  elected  to  the  Council  for  the  South 
Western  Province.     He  resigned  his  seat 


on  leaving  the  colony.  In  1874  he  wss 
chosen  to  represent  Elast  Melbourne  in  the 
Assembly.  He  advocated- the  federation 
of  the  colonies  and  intercolonial  free  trade, 
and  opposed  the  payment  of  members.  He 
has  supported  aoclunatiBation,  and  was  the 
first  to  breed  lions  and  to  introduce  camels 
and  English  thrushes  in  Australia. 

CORDNER,  William  John,  was  bom 
in  Dungannon,  Ireland,  in  1826.  After 
having  received  a  good  musical  education, 
he  went  to  India,  and  after  an  absence  of 
seven  years  returned  to  Armagh,  Ire- 
land, where  he  becomae  a  popular  teacher 
of  music,  and  was  esteemed  the  best  tenor 
in  the  north  of  Ireland.  In  1854  he  came 
to  Sydney,  and  was  organist  of  St.  Patrick's, 
and  two  years  afterwards,  of  St.  Mary's 
Cathedral,  which  last  position  he  held  until 
his  death,  which  took  place  in  Sydney, 
July  15,  1870. 

COWIE,  Right  Rev.  William  Gab- 
den,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Auckland,  New  Zea- 
land, bom  in  London  in  1831,  was  educated 
at  Trinity  HaU,  Cambridge  (B.A.,  1855 ; 
M.A.,  1865  ;  D.D.,  1869).  After  taking 
orders  he  officiated  as  an  army  chaplain 
for  some  years  ;  became  domestic  chaplain 
to  Bishop  Cotton,  of  Calcutta,  in  1864; 
rector  of  Stafford  in  1867  ;  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Auckland  in  1869,  in  succession 
to  the  late  Dr.  Selwyn  (Bishop  of  Lichfield), 
who  bore  the  title  of  Bishop  of  New  Zea- 
land, and  was  Metropolitan. 

COWPER,  Sir  Charles,  KC.M.G., 
was  bom  at  Drypool,  Yorkshire,  April  26, 
1807.  In  1809  he  came  out  to  Sydney 
with  his  father.  Rev.  William  Cowper, 
D.D.,  afterwards  Archdeacon.  He  was 
educated  at  home  under  his  father  and 
private  tutors.  At  an  early  age  he  entered 
the  Commissariat  department,  under 
Commissary-General  "Wemyss.  In  1825, 
Governor  Sir  Thomas  Brisbane  appointed 
him  a  clerk  in  the  Commissariat.  In  1826 
he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Darling 
secretary  to  the  Church  and  School  Lands 
Corporation,  to  which  a  very  large  area  of 
the  best  land  in  the  colony  had  been 
granted  by  Royal  Charter,  in  trust  for 
the  use  of  the  Church  of  England,  in 
the  promotion  of  religion  and  the  educa- 
tion of  youtL  He  conducted  the 
affiurs  of  this  Corporation  to  the  satisfao- 


OOWPER 


45 


turn  of  those  concerned,  until  it  was  dis- 
solTed  in  1833,  in  porsnance  of  a  condition 
inaerted    in    the   original   charter;    and 
the  landi  were  appUed  to  a  less  exclusive 
purpose.    When  the  question  of    State- 
aid  to  religion  came  before  Mr.  Cowper  as 
a  politician,  he  took  a  course  which  placed 
all  denominations  on  an  equal  footing  in 
relation  to  the  State.    In  1831  he  married 
Eliza,  second  daughter  of  Daniel  Sutton, 
Esq.,  of  Wivenhoe,   near  Colchester,  in 
Essex.    They  gave  tihe  name  of  Wivenhoe 
to  their  home  in  the  county  of  Camden, 
in  memory  of  Mrs.  Cowper's  native  placa 
They  had  six  children,  of  whom  three  only 
Borviye;    Charles  Cowper,  Esq.,  Sheriff  of 
^dney,  is  their  eldest  son.     A  younger 
am,  vho  distinguished  himself  as  a  student 
at  King's    College,  London,  died  at  an 
early  age  in  the  mother  country.    One  of 
their  daughters   is  the  wife  of  Mr.  Hugh 
Bobison,  and  another  is  married  to  Mr. 
K  G.  Wood.      When    the   Church  and 
Sdiool  Lands  Corporation  was  dissolved, 
in  1833,  Sir  Richaid  Bourke  offered  Mr. 
Charles  Cowper  the  position  of  agent  for 
the  lands  which   thus  reverted    to    the 
QoTenunent,  with  a  trust,  as  the  authori- 
ties have  contended,  for  general  purposes 
of  rdigion  and    educatioiL     But  he  pre- 
ferred— ^partly  for  the  sake  of  his  heidth, 
which  had  suffered  from  dose  application 
to  office  work — to  enter  on  sheep-farming 
in  the  southern  diBtrict.     He  went  to 
reside  in  the  county  of  Argyle,  and  held 
some  sheep  stations  on  the  Murray.     He 
also  entered  upon  agricultural  undertak- 
ings.   Li  1839  he  was  made  a  Magistrate 
of  the  territory.     For  several  years  he  led 
the  life  of  a  country  gentleman,  prudent 
in  ike  management  of  his  sheep  and  farm- 
ing operations,  zealous  in  promoting  the 
▼ork  of  the  diurch  of  his  ancestors,  and 
exemplary  as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace.     Li 
1843,  Mr.  Cowper  came  forward  in  the 
coonty  of  Camden  as  a  candidate  for  elec- 
tion to  tiie  L^iislative  CouncU,  then  a 
mixed  hody  comprising  nominees  of  the 
Crown  and  representatives  elected  by  the 
people.    He   was  opposed  by  Mr.  Roger 
Thory,  Attomey-€(eneral,  who  defeated 
lum  by  a  majority  of  ten  votes.     As  soon 
as  the  resalt  was  known,  Mr.  Cowper  was 
invited  to  stand  for  the  county  of  Cum- 


berland. In  Cumberland  he  was  returned, 
at  the  head  of  the  poll,  by  a  very  large 
majority  above  Mr.  Lawson  and  Mr. 
James  Macarthur.  He  consistently 
struggled  all  through  his  career  for 
the  rights  of  aU  classes  of  the  people. 
In  1846  he  took  up  the  project  of 
railway  construction.  A  Company  was 
formed  for  this  purpose,  and  he  was 
elected  Chairman.  In  the  Legislature  he 
exerted  himself  with  good  effect  to  secure 
several  improvements  in  the  administrar 
tion,  including  the  more  humane  treat- 
ment of  lunatics.  In  1850  he  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  organized  opposition  to 
the  continuance  of  transportation  to  the 
colonies,  and  presided  over  a  conference  of 
delegates  who  met  in  Sydney  to  carry  out 
this  work.  At  the  general  election  of 
1851  he  was  nominated,  with  four  other 
candidates,  for  Sydney,  then  one  electorate 
returning  three  Members.  On  that  occa- 
sion Dr.  Lang  was  returned  at  the  head  of 
the  poll.  Captain  Lamb  second,  and  Mr. 
Wentworth  third.  Mr.  Cowper  and  Mr. 
Longmore  (who  was  associated  in  the 
canvass  with  Mr.  "Wentworth)  were  there- 
fore defeated.  Mr.  Cowper  was  nominated 
both  in  Durham  and  in  Cumberland.  He 
was  returned  for  Durham.  During  the 
next  few  years  he  introduced  the  Act 
incorporating  the  Sydney  Grammar  School 
and  that  for  establishing  the  Affiliated 
Colleges.  He  also  started  the  proposal  for 
the  Naval  Brigade, '  and  did  much  to 
promote  the  formation  of  the  Volunteer 
Force.  He  left  the  Legislature  for  a 
short  time  to  give  more  attention  to  the 
afiairs  of  the  Railway  Company;  and 
when  that  body  handed  over  the  work 
to  the  Government  his  services  were 
recognized  by  their  voting  him  £500 
for  a  service  of  plate.  Sir  Charles 
Fitasroy  about  the  same  time  offered  him 
the  position  of  Chief  Commissioner  of  the 
City  of  Sydney,  with  a  salary  of  £1,000  a 
year.  This,  however,  he  declined.  At 
the  general  election  of  1856,  Mr.  Cowper 
was  returned  at  the  head  of  the  poll  for 
Sydney.  The  introduction  of  Responsible 
Government  took  place  in  that  year ;  and 
it  was  generally  expected  that  Mr.  Cowper 
would  be  the  &rst  Colonial  Secretary  and 
Premier  in  the  new  order  of  things.     But 


wlieii  t^e  Ministry  of  Mr.  (oow  Sir)  K 
Deas  Thomson  resigBfid,  Sir  ^mlliam  I>enir 
son,  acting,  as  he  informed  the  world,  ''  on 
the  advice  of  Mr.  George  Madeaj/'  sent 
for  Mr.  S.  A.  Donaldson  to  £onn  the 
first  Eesponsible  Ministry.  That  gentle- 
man offered  Mr.  Cowper  the  positian 
of  Ooloniai  Secretaiy,  which  he  declined 
to  aooept,  believing  that  his  political 
standing  in  the  Lc^slature  and  in  the 
opinion  of  the  country  gave  him  a  title 
to  be  entrusted  with  the  formation  of  a 
Cabinet.  The  Donaldson  Ministry,  after 
being  a  little  more  than  two  months  in 
office,  was  defeated  on  a  motion  of  want 
of  confidence  moved  by  Mr.  Cowper. 
They  resigned  August  25th,  and  Sir  Wil- 
liam Denison  sent  far  Mr.  Cowper  to 
ibrm  a  Ministiy.  Taking  the  office  of 
Colonial  Secretary,  he  named  Mr.  Bobert 
Campbell  as  Treasurer,  Mr.  Ter^ioe  A. 
Mun*ay,  Minister  for  Lands  and  Works, 
Mr.  Martin,  Attorney-General,  and  Mr. 
Lutwyche,  Solicitor-GeneraL  Objection 
was  taken  by  the  Opposition  to'  the 
persomd  composition  of  the  Ministry, 
and  on  a  motion  by  Mr.  Hay  they  were 
defeated.  Mr.  Cowper  resigned,  after  being 
less  than  six  weeks  in  power,  October 
2nd  ;  and  Mr.  Watson  Parker  came  in  as 
Premier,  witii  Mr.  Jlay,  Sir  William 
Manning,  and  Mr.  Darvall,  as  his 
colleagues.  September  7,  1857,  this 
Mioistry  was  defeated  on  its  Electoral 
Bill,  and  Mr.  Cowper  came  into  office 
a  second  time.  In  this  second  Cowper 
Ministry,  Mr.  Hichard  Jones  was  Traa- 
sorer,  Mr.  Murmy,  Secretaiy  for 
Lands  and  Works,  Mr.  Martin,  Attorn^- 
Greneml,  Mr.  Lutwyche,  Solimtor-General. 
But  during  the  two  years  this  Govern- 
ment continued  several  changes  took  place. 
Mr.  Bobert  Campbell  took  Mr.  Jones's 
place  as  Treasurer,  and,  dying  in  office, 
was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Weekes.  Mr. 
Murray  retired,  and  his  office  was  divided, 
Mr.  John  Bobertson  taking  the  Depart- 
ment of  Lands,  and  Mr.  Flood  that  of 
Works.  Mr.  Martin  left  the  Ministry, 
and  was  succeded  by  Mr.  Lutwyche  and 
Mr.  Bayley.  Mr.  W.  B.  Dalley  became 
Solidtor-Greneral,  and  after  him  Mr.  J.  E. 
Hargrav&  Li  1^58  they  introduced  and 
canied  the  Electoral  Act^  extending  the 


franebise  to  all  dasBes  of  the  people, 
dividing  the  ookmy  into  electorates  oa  a 
population  basis^  with  ntodificatiaiB 
deemed  equitable  or  ejqpedient,  and  estib> 
liakingthe  me  of  the  ballot.  Li  thesaise 
yaar,  Mr.  Cowper's  Municiptdities  Actwu 
paowd,  and  paved  the  way  for  the  earlj 
establishment  of  some  forty  Municipal 
Corporations.  In  1860  Mr.  Bobertson 
intxodnced  his  Land  BiU,  which  was 
earned  in  1861.  In  1862  Mr.  Cowper's 
Bill  to  prohibit  future  grants  for  public 
worahip  was  carried.  Each  of  these 
measures  embodied  the  decisive  settle- 
ment of  a  questioa  which  had  dee})ly 
agitated  the  minds  of  the  people;  Mr. 
Cowper  did  his  legiBlatioQ  quietly,  but 
surely.  On  October  26,  1859,  he  was  de- 
feated by  a  krge  majority  on  his  Educa. 
tion  Bill,  and  Mr.  William  Forster  came 
into  power,  as  Premier  and  Colonial  Sec- 
retary, with  Mr.  Saul  Samuel,  Mr.  John 
Black,  and  Mr.  Geoffrey  Eagar,  as  his 
colleagues.  La  the  following  March  that 
Ministry  resigned ;  and  Mr.  Bobertson 
formed  a  Ministry  of  which  Mr.  Cowper, 
who  was  from  the  &rst  Colonial  Secretarr, 
afterwards  became  Premier.  This  Minis- 
try, in  which  Mr.  Weekes  "was  Treasurer, 
the  late  Mr.  Arnold,  Minister  for  Works, 
and  Mr.  Hargrave  (now  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court),  Attomey-G^eral,  re- 
mained in  office  for  more  than  three  years 
and  a  half.  In  October,  1863,  they  were 
defeated ;  and  Mr.  Martin  formed  his  iirst 
Ministry,  with  Mr.  Forster,  Mr.  Eagar, 
and  Mr.  Holroyd,  as  his  ooUeaguea  The 
protectionist  propositions  of  tibe  Martin 
Grovemment  were  disapproved  of ;  and  on 
February  3,  1866,  Mr.  Cowper  again 
came  into  offica  This  Administration 
was  ^barrassed  with  finanoial  difficul- 
ties ;  and  Mr.  Cowper,  to  save  the  credit 
of  the  coimtry,  about  which  a  great 
alarm  had  arisen,  proposed  and  carried 
the  ad  valorem  dutiea  This  step  for  the 
time  cost  him  Ins  popularity;  but  it 
provided  an  addition  of  revenue  for  his 
successors,  the  Martdn^Parkes  Goverament^ 
which  came  into  power  in  January-,  1866. 
Mr.  Cowper  then  retired  into  private  life 
for  nearly  four  years  ;  but  in  the  begin- 
ing  of  1870  he  took  his  place  for 
the     fifth    time    at    the    head    of    the 


COWPB&— cox 


47 


Admimsiantion ;  his  f ri^fid  and  colleague, 
Mr.  Robertson,  suoeeeded  in  ousting  the 
Martin  Ministrj  in  the  latter  port  of  1868, 
and  after  holding  for  a  year  the  position 
of  Premier,  induced  his  old  colleague  once 
more  to  take  the  lead.  But  even  this 
accession  of  Mr.  Ck>vper  did  not  suffici- 
e&tlj  strengthen  that  Grovemment  to 
enable  Uiem  to  stand  their  ground  long. 
Towards  the  end  of  1870  a  change  took 
pkoe,  and  Mr.  Cowper  was  appointed,  in 
December  of  that  year,  Agent-General  for 
the  colony.  He  held  that  office,  with 
credit  and  advantage  to  New  South 
Wales,  until  his  severe  and  continued 
iUnees  disabled  him  from  attention  to 
baidness.  For  some  months  he  was  almost 
mcapacitated  for  exertion  of  any  kind ; 
and  he  died  October  20,  1875.  Some 
Tears  previous  to  the  death  of  Sir  Charles 
Cowper,  the  estate  of  Wivenhoe  had  been 
settled  on  Mr&  (afterwards  Lady)  Cowper 
by  a  subscription  of  the  people  of  N.S. 
Wales  to  mark  their  appreciation  of  Mr. 
Cowper^s  political  services  to  the  country. 

COWPER,  Vbnerablb  Archdeacon 
WiLLiAJi,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  Whittington, 
in  Lancashire,  December  28,  1780.  He 
wafs  ordained  deacon  early  in  1808,  and 
priest  in  the  same  yeai*.  He  was  for 
a  short  time  Curate  of  Bawdon,  near 
Leeds,  but  having  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment of  Assistant  Colonial  Chaplain,  came 
OQt  to  Sydney  with  his  family  and  arrived 
August  18,  1809.  He  was  incumbent 
of  St  Philip's.  He  organized  the  Benevo- 
leot,  and  the  Bible,  tmd  Beligious  Tract 
Sodeties,  and  was  secretary  of  the  Dio- 
cesan Committee  of  the  Societies  for  pro- 
moting Christian  Knowledge,  and  for  the 
Pmpagation  of  the  Gospel.'  He  visited 
England  in  1842  in  consequence  of  the 
fiulnre  of  his  eyesight,  and  on  his  departure 
^  was  presented  wirth  an  address  and  a 
parse  of  ^780l  He  returned  to  the 
ot^ny  in  1843,  having  had  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  conferred  upon  him.  In 
1 W8  he  was  made  Archdeacon  of  Cumber- 
ed and  Camden,  and  in  1852  Bishop 
Broughton  appointed  him  his  special  com- 
loiasaiy  during  his  absence  in  Europe.  He 
<ii«d  in  Sydney,  July  6,  1858. 

COWPER,  Deak William  Macquariib, 
w  hwn  iu  ^dney,  July  3, 1810.  He  was 


educated  by  Jbis  &ther  the  Venerable  Arch- 
deacon Cowper  until  1828,  when  he  went  to 
England  to  complete  his  studies  at  Oxford. 
He  returned  in  1836  as  chaplain  to  the 
Australian  Agricultural  Company,  and  for 
twenty  years  was  stationed  at  Stroud.  In 
1866  he  took  charge  of  Moore  College,  but 
shortly  afterwards  was  removed  to  the 
Glebe.  On  the  death  of  his  father  in  1 858, 
he  succeeded  him  in  the  incumbency  of  St. 
Philip^s  church,  and  was  appointed  Dean 
of  Sydney.  When  the  Cathedral  was 
opened  in  1868,  his  duties  as  Dean  became 
onerous,  and  in  1869  he  left  St.  PhUip'a 
to  take  charge  of  the  Cathedral  district. 
The  Dean  has  been  twice  married  and  has 
several  daughters.  He  yisited  England  in 
1875,  and  was  absent  for  a  year,  and  on  his 
departure  from  the  colony  was  presented 
with  a  testimonial  of  600  sovereiims. 

COX,  Charles  Clarendon,  was  bom 
in  1832,  at  Clarendon  near  Windsor,  the 
then  residence  of  his  grandfather,  and  was 
the  third  son  of  the  late  Mr.  Georoje  Cox 
of  Mulgoa.  He  commenced  Irfe  at  Claren- 
don in  1853,  and  in  1857  joinetl  Mr. 
Keith  Collins  in  squatting  pursuits  in 
Queensland,  taking  up  Windah,  about 
sixty  miles  from  Bockhampton.  In  1862 
this  with  Clarendon  was  sold  to  Mr.  Arthur 
Dight,  when  Mr.  Cox  bought  Broombee,  and 
by  careful  selection  of  breeding  stock  raised 
the  name  of  Broombee  wool  and  sheep  to 
the  highest  class.  He  also  distinguished 
himself  in  breeding  both  cattle  and  horsea 
He  was  three  times  married.  In  1855  to 
Miss  Stuart,  by  whom  he  had  one  daughter ; 
in  1860  to  Miss  Daylock,  by  whom  he  had 
one  son  and  one  daughter;  and  in  1867 
to  Miss  Miller,  by  whom  he  had  four  sons 
and  two  daughters.  He  died  at  Broombee 
June  16,  1878.  He  was  chiefly  noted  for 
the  improvement  of  the  merino  sheep  of 
the  colony. 

COX,  Hon.  George  Henry,  M.L.C., 
one  of  seven  sons  of  the  late  George  Cox, 
of  Mulgoa,  was  bom  there  October  18, 
1824.  He  represented  the  coimty  of 
Wellington  in  the  first  responsible  Parlia- 
ment, and  £^in  in  the  second  Parliament 
was  returned  unopposed  for  the  same  consti- 
tuency ;  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the 
Legislative  Council  in  1863  by  Mr.  Charles 
Cowper.     In  1864  he  took  his  first  trip  to 


48 


CRACKNELL-€BUHMER 


Europe,  and  in  1877  again  made  a  tour 
round  the  world  with  liis  two  sons,  Tisiting 
Ceylon,  India,  Egypt,  Italy,  France,  Swit- 
zerland^ Belgium,  and  thence  through 
England,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  returning 
by  way  of  America,  through  which  country 
they  abo  made  various  tours.  He  was 
appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1852. 
He  has  been  a  resident  of  Mudgee  for  34 
years,  and  fiUed  during  that  time  various 
local  offices.  He  was  the  first  Mayor  of  the 
municipality  of  Cudgegong  (the  first  rural 
municipality  proclaimed  under  the  Act). 
He  was  the  first  landowner  in  the  Mudgee 
district  who  leased  his  land  to  tenants  (this 
was  just  after  the  gold  discovery  in  1851) ; 
and  he  has  now  about  thirty  tenants,  who 
rent  the  greater  portion  of  the  Burmndulla 
estate,  and  are  a  thriving  well-to-do  dassL 
He  has  on  his  property  two  small  schools 
under  the  control  of  the  Council  of  Educa- 
tion with  a  roll  of  about  eighty  children. 
He  sold  out  the  last  of  lus  squatting  proper- 
ties some  three  years  ago,  and  now  confines 
lus  attention  to  the  management  of  lus 
Mudgee  property,  with  about  18,000  sheep. 
He  has  been  a  highly  successful  sheep- 
breeder,  winning  numerouscups  andmedals. 
He  won  in  1862  Mr.  Thomas  Morf  s  gold 
medal  for  greasy  wool,  beating  a  huge 
number  of  exhibitors.  He  won  the  Grand 
Prize  for  best  wool  in  the  world  at  the 
Paris  Exhibition,  1878. 

CRACKNEIJi,  Edwabd  Charles, 
Superintendent  of  Tel^n^>hs,  New  South 
Wales,  was  bom  at  Bochester,  En^^and, 
in  1831.  He  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and 
in  1848  went  to  London  and  devoted  him- 
self to  scientific  pursuits.  In  November, 
1855  he  came  to  Adelaide  as  Assistant- 
Superintendent  of  Telegraphs.  OnJanuaiy 
1,  1858,  he  became  Assistant-Superinten- 
dent of  Telegraphs  inNew  South  Wales,  and 
opened  the  first  tel^raph  line,  twenty-two 
miles,  to  Liverpool,  January  26th.  Since 
then  tel^raphic  communication  has  so  in- 
creased that  under  his  supervisiop  at  the  end 
of  1877  there  were  9,762  nules  open,  with 
190  stations.  During  this  period  he  has 
paid  two  visits  to  England,  and  on  each 
occasicm  obtained  and  introduced  into  the 
colony  the  latest  improvements.  In  1876 
heaJso  made  hiingftlf  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  torpedo  mode  of  warfare,  and  is  now 


Major  of  the  New  South  Wales  Torpedo 
Corps.  It  is  to  Mr.  Cracknell's  eaergf 
that  we  are  indebted  for  the  general  job 
of  the  electric  li^t  in  Sydney. 

CRACKNEIX,  William  Johk,  Supers 
intendent  of  Tel^;raphi^  Queensland,  bom 
in  London,  December  25,  1832  ;  educated 
at  Oxford ;  arrived  in  New  Zealand,  June 
1855  ;  appointed  Manager,  Ipswich  Tele- 
graph  Department,  March  18,  1861 ; 
Superintendent  of  Tel^praphs,  Queena- 
land,  April  9,  1863;  Captain,  Torpedo 
Corps,  April  15,  1878;  and  has  made 
many  able  rep(»is  on  intercolonial  tele- 
graph and  cable  construction. 

CRANE,  Mabtik,  D.D.,  iUHnan  Catho- 
lic Bishop  of  Sandhurst,  was  bom  in  the 
county  of  Wexford,  Ireland,  in  1818. 
Having  spent  his  novitiate  at  Grantstown 
he  went  to  Italy  and  {nrosecuted  his  studies 
at  Perugia.  Six  years  afterwards,  in  1849, 
he  returned  to  Ireland,  where  he  laboured 
until  1874,  when  he  started  for  Melbourne, 
arriving  there  in  1875,  and  was  installed 
Bishop  of  Sandhurst  the  same  year. 

CRESWICK,  HnaT,  of  Hawthorn 
House^  Melbourne,  and  dT  liewah,  Mur- 
rumbidgee.  New  South  Wales,  is  the 
youngest  son  of  Richard  Creswick,  Esq., 
Sheffield.  He  was  bom  in  1824  and 
educated  at  private  schoola  He  came  out 
to  Melbourne  in  1840,  and  wrait  into  the 
office  of  Campbell  and  WooUey,  merchants, 
of  Melbourne  At  the  end  of  the  year  he 
was  placed  in  charge  of  a  branch  establish- 
ment at  Anderson's  Flat  near  BaUarat 
In  1842  he,  in  coxmection  with  his 
brothers  John  and  Charies  took  up  the 
country  known  as  Creswick  Creek,  and  in 
1844  other  stations  on  the  Avon  and 
Richardson  Rivers,  where  his  brother 
Charles  died  in  1847,  the  station  being 
then  sold.  In  1849  he  married  Jane,  only 
dau^ter  of  Alexander  ThtMnaon,  M.D.,  of 
Geelong.  In  1858  he  retired  from  the 
firm  of  D.  &  Campbell  and  Ca  In  1863 
he  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  for  Emerald 
Hill,  but  when  the  dissolution  took  place 
on  the  tack  to  the  Appropriatian  BiU  by 
theM'Cullodi  and  Francis  Ministry  he 
did  not  seek  rejection. 

CRITMMER,  Major  James  Hen&t, 
bom  at  Birr,  King^s  County,  IreUuid. 
Gazetted  to  Enaigncy  in  28th  R^imrat 


CUNNINGHAM. 


49 


of  Foot,  July,  1805.  Present  at  siege  and 
Ga{)tuie  of  Copenhagen,  in  1807.  Was 
acdvelj  engaged  in  the  Peninsular  cam- 
paign from  June,  1809,  to  its  close  in 
1814,  being  present  in  the  following 
actions : — "  Busaoo,''  "1st  Siege  of  Bada^ 
j<'  "Campo  Mayor,"  "Albuera,"  (se- 
Terely  wounded),  "Vittoria,"  "Pyrenees" 
(severely  wounded),  "B^jronne,"  "Nivelle," 
"Nive,"  "St.  Palais,"  "St  Saumer," 
"Orthez,"  "Aire,"  "Lambege,"  "Tarb^" 
'*  Toulouse."  He  was  commended  for  im- 
portant service  performed  in  carrying  des- 
patches between  Marshal  Beresford  and 
Sir  Lowry  Cole,  on  the  eve  of  the  battle 
of  Albuera,  by  which  the  Fusileer  Brigade 
was  brought  up  in  time  to  take  part  in 
that  action.  Returning  home  in  July, 
1814,  he  sailed  again  wiUi  his  regiment  for 
Ostend  May  18,  1815;  reached  Brussels 
on  the  26th ;  was  closely  engaged  at 
Qnatre  Bras  June  16th  (slightly  wounded), 
and  throughout  the  18th  was  incessantly 
engaged  at  Waterloo, — after  which  action 
Ms  regiment  could  only  muster  four  com- 
psnies.  Advanced  on  Paris,  and  remained 
with  the  Army  of  Occupation  until  October 
29, 1815.  In  December,  1817,  he  re-em- 
barked for  the  Mediterranean,  and  was 
quartered  at  the  Ionian  Islands  until  1829, 
beint^from  1822  to  1827  Commandant  of 
the  Island  of  Calamos,  and  protector  of 
the  Greek  refugees  during  the  War  of  In- 
dq^^dence  against  the  Turks.  At  this 
station  he  married  Katarina  Plessos,  a 
Greek  lady  of  good  family.  He  returned 
to  Ireland  in  1829,  and  engaged  in  military 
dnties  during  the  disturbances  in  the  west 
of  Ireland,  holding  a  commission  of  the 
peace  for  the  County  of  Gal  way.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1835,  arrived  in  New  South  Wales 
with  the  28th  Regiment ;  promoted  to  his 
Majority  in  1836;  sold  out  on  the  regi- 
ment being  ordered  to  India,  and  was 
appointed  Police  Magistrate  and  Superin- 
tendent of  Convicts  at  Newcastle  in  1837, 
whidi  office  he  held  until  1849 ;  during  six 
jears  of  this  period  he  served  without 
pay.  Police  Magistrate  of  Maitland  from 
1^9  to  1858,  and  of  Port  Macquarie  from 
1S58  to  1864,  and  from  this  time  he  was 
superannuated  after  an  Imperial  and  Colo- 
nial service  of  over  59  years.  He  died  at 
Port  Ma^uarie,  December  29,  1867. 


CUNNINGHAM,  Allan,  bom  at 
Wimbledon,  England,  July  13,  1791, 
was  employed  first  in  a  conveyancer's 
office,  but  afterwards  more  congenially 
with  W.  T.  Aiton,  at  Kew  Oardena  In 
1814  Sir  Joseph  Banks  recommended  him 
as  collector  for  the  gardens  at  Kew,  and 
he  received  the  appointment  September 
9th,  and  sailed  in  the  "Duncan,"  with  Mr. 
James  Bowie,  for  Rio  Janeiro,  where  he 
arrived  December  1 8tL  For  three  months 
they  were  detained  at  Rio  by  the  dilatory 
proceedings  of  the  Government  in  provid- 
ing them  with  passports.  On  April  3rd  they 
started  for  the  country,  and  were  actively 
employed  for  some  months  in  collecting 
plants  and  seeds.  On  their  return  to  Rkv 
they  left,  according  to  orders  awaiting 
them,  Mr.  Bowie  for  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  Mr.  Cunningham  for  Sydney, 
September  28th,  where  he  arrived  Decem- 
ber 20th.  On  April  25,  1817,  he  was 
attached  to  Mr.  Oxley's  expedition  to 
explore  the  Lachlan,  which  was  stopped 
by  the  marshes,  and  returned  to  Bathurst 
August  27tb.  This  journey  added  largely 
to  our  knowledge  of  the  botany  of  Aus- 
tralia. The  next  five  years  were  spent 
in  four  voyages  in  the  "  Mermaid,"  and 
one  in  the  "Bathurst,"  with  Captain  King, 
employed  in  surveying  the  east,  north,  and 
west  coasts  of  Australia,  in  which  he 
energetically  pursued  his  researches  in 
spite  of  very  bad  health  which  on  two- 
occasions  endangered  his  life,  and  left  him 
greatly  debilitated.  In  September,  1822, 
he  made  an  excursion  across  the  Blue 
Mountains,  and  in  the  Bathurst  district, 
returning  January  4, 1 823.  On  April  1 5th 
he  left  Bathurst  with  five  men  to  endeavour 
to  find  a  practicable  pass  over  the  liver- 
pool  Range  to  Liverpool  Plains,  discovered 
by  Oxley  in  1818,  and  after  five  weeks' 
ill-success  his  perseverance  was  at  length 
rewarded  by  his  discovery,  June  6th,  of 
an  easy  route  appropriately  named  by  him 
"Pandora's  Pass,"  lat  32'  1 6'  1 9'  He  then 
returned,  reaching  Bathurst,  June  27th. 
The  next  two  months  were  employed  in 
an  excursion  to  the  Illawarra  district.  In 
September,  1824,  he  went  with  Oxley  to 
Moreton  Bay,  and  surveyed  the  river 
Brisbane  to  the  head  of  the  boat  naviga- 
tion.    In  April,  1825,  he  passed  by  the 


V^ndont.  Pa»  to  the  back  flomtiy,  and, 
with,  much  iaomveaiieiioe  froia  th»  bop 
Upd  Ttf—^*^  cnwsed  Liverpool  Fkiiia  to 
hit  30'  47'.  On  Maj  ISth  be  conmeBoed 
hn  ratling  xeaehing  Bathont  Jmio  7tbb 
At  the  euGl  ol  1825  be  waa  apin  attaoked 
bgr  iUxieaSy  hut  bj  the  end  of  FeWoary, 

1826,  irae  woridog  with  his  acenatomed 
etmegy^  On  A«g«Bt  28th  he  paid  a  viot 
to  New  Zeakody  retarning  January  20, 

1827,  OiLApnl30,1827,be8ia(ted£rMa 
Cbe^^Biihoe^  and  oa  May  19th  osadied  the 
Fed.  Coatmiiiiig  north,  iStvj  paaaad  the 
Dumttiesq,  aad  on  June  6th  diaeovered  the 
Dariing  Downs,  kt  28%  long,  (eatuaalbed) 
152'  IS'.  On  the  16th  he  coiamenoad 
his  ratam,  and,  keeping  more  to  the  west- 
ward, on  July  10th  crossed  the  Gwydir; 
21st,  reached  Liverpool  Plains;  and  28th 
arrived  again  at  Gegenhoa      In   June, 

1828,  he  went  to  Moreton  Bay,  where  he 
anived  July  1st,  and  started  to  endeavow 
to  find  a  practicable  passage  over  the 
mountains.  On  August  25th  he  discovered 
the  Gap,  now  called  "Cunningham's  Gap," 
an  easy  pass  to  Darling  Downs.     In  May, 

1829,  he  went  on  another  collecting  tour  to 
Brisbane,  returning  at  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber. On  May  11,  1830,  visited  Norfolk 
Island,  from  whii^  he  returned  August 
28th.  On  February  11,  1831,  he  returned 
to  England  in  the  "Forth,''  arriving  in  1^ 
middle  of  July,  fie  came  out  to  Sydney 
again  as  Colonial  Botanist  October  30, 

1836,  and  anived  in  Sydney  February  12,. 

1837,  but  finding  other  duties  expected 
from  him  inoompatible  with,  his  botanical 
labours,  he  resigned  in  Deoember.  On 
April  15, 1838,  he  visited  New  Zealand  in 
the  Frenoh  corvette  ^  L'Q^roine,"  veturur 
ing  in.  very  bad  health  on  October  13tl^ 
BUe  heall^  continuing  to-  dedine)  he  had 
to  give  up  a  trip  in  the  ^  Bea^e,"  and  he 
died  in  Sydnejp  June  27,  1839.  A  monu- 
ment to  his  memory  was  ereoted  in  the 
Botanic  Goirdens,.  Sydney. 

DAINTBJSE,  RiCHiiaD,  anaved  in 
Victoria  in  1852,  where  he  seaided  unytil 
1864.  For  nine  years  he  was  employed  on 
the  staff  of  the  geological  survey  of  that 
colony.  Li  1863  he  made  an  excursion 
to  Northern  Queensland,  and  on  his  return 
read  a  paper  on  its  geologioal  character 
before  the  Bioyal  Society  oi  Victoria.     In 


1864  ka  Mtaiad  vpon  fuaUing  pnmits 
in  the  covntry  he  had  eBplaved,  but  ttaSk 
cQBtinvad  Ua  va]ii«bk»  nfitribqtiops  to 
gsol<^.  Im  1868  he.  waa  appaintiiii  G^ 
venunent  Gealogiat  for  North  Qweanilind 
In  1871  ha  was  entroalad  with  tbs  col. 
leetionfiorwavded  to  theSgutkSuansingtai 
Bxhifaikiott,  but  the  afcip  tka  "^gwen  <^ 
the  Thames,"  oeateimg  thsedleetioB,  was 
unfortunately  lost  q&  the  coast  of  Sonth 
Africa  He.  waa  alterwatda  appoiafeeft 
Agent-Geaaial  fbrQaeanalaiid,  until  faihqg' 
health  comp^ed  hana  to  oitira.  He  died 
June  26,  1878. 

D'ALBfi&TIB,.  Luiot  M.,  the  New 
Guinea  explorer,  was  bom  in  Genos  in 
1841.  fie  waa  edneated  at  Tozin.  In 
1859  he  joined  Garihaidi  in  his  march  o£ 
trium;^  from  Sicily  to  Naplsa.  In  1871 
he  joined  Dc  C.  Beocari  in  a  voya^D  of 
discovery.  They  w«&t  to  Bombay,  Singa- 
pore, and  several  of  tiie  Eastern  islands, 
and  having  a  small  schooner  they  visited 
several  points  on  the  coast  of  New  Guinea. 
In  1872  Signor  D'Albrartis  continued  his 
explorations,  but  having  snffisred  from  re> 
peated  attacks  of  fev^  he  came  down  to 
Sydney  in  1873,  in  the  "  Victor  Pisani," 
and  at  the  end  of  that  year  returned  to 
Europe.  In  1875  he  a§Ma  went  to  New 
Gtiinea,  and  hafving,.  in.  December,  been  up 
the  Fly  Biver  in  the  steamer  "^EUlaor 
goiiwan^"  he  came  to  Sydney  to  make 
anrangementa  for  its-  fiilleir  esqiloratioiL 
In  1877  he  did  so  in  tile  steam-lamiflh 
^'  Neva^"  and  asoanded  the  river  £or  500 
miks.  In:  1878  he  viaiiied  England,  where 
he  delivered  lectuMaon.  New*  Guinea  bsfian 
the  Boyal  Geogsaphical  Society  and  the 
Boyal  Colonial  Inertatute. 

DALLEY,  Hon.  Wujuah  Beds,. 
M.L.C.,  was.  bom  in.  Sydney  in.  1831.  He 
eady  di/^layed  geeaii  oratDidcal  talent^  and 
having  studied  ^r  the  legal  profession  waa 
caUed  to  the  Bar  ia  1856.  Be  wm 
shortly  a£terwai?ds  deotod  one  of  the 
Membem  of  the  Legislative^  Assembly  for 
Sydney,  and  wae  appointed  by  Mr.  Cow> 
peiv  Solioitox^GeneraL  As>  a  Member  o£ 
the  Legtslaiive  Assembly  Mr.  Dalley  made 
some  of  the  moat  eloquent  speeches  ever 
heard  in  that  chamber;  »id  being  a 
native  of  the  colony  he  was  hailed  by 
older  patrbta  as  a  young  orator  of  greaii 


» 


hsweWrbtt^&t^A  ior  mam  jeeam  ftrwb 

mgt»  flflwid  Iwtt  l»  iiiiatii^  to  tiid  amm 
ol  pofitieii^  aiAbilifn.  mSm  iealiHMdf 
pBnaig  tiMr  €ks«i«»  of  biis  nof  Mmo,  to 
liitbMikfreqtfHlilfjr  lMfdM(A&piiMMK:a»» 
«B(er  in  tiw  piMV  «»  kiMMrfea^  tfMk 
MegrapUeJ  gvijiiilK.  H«;  iratf:  SMMttfV^ 
Geim2kttlwGow|MrMiwirtrf  18M^9V 

Iff  febvwTf,  iar5;  t9  MftMlv  1377 ;: 
ain  lot  8«««nd  iiMiathi^  itt  Idki  EcilM]?^^ 
3fmisti7  fMa  ib«fMl(t»S«MiQ)»«f;.id77^ 
OaFdmuuTf  9,  ISTdy.  h#  ampled  0.  MMrir 
iii  t^ie  Legsriatm  €<fi»a  a£:  New  B^wtii 
Wales.  Witk  eMiii(WH»  Moonts  le  <MAi^ 
illctod  the  dfiABBttM  ilf  M^ttral  ef  tb«  gMfett 
cnmnal  1a4y»  is  idiift  donatory^ 

DALY,  Sfft^DoMuilcx,  seventh  G^dVBK^ 
QflTofSoiithAffBlmliA^  wfltf  bom  at  Ani^ 
fey,  coantf  CMwa^v  l^^nuit)  in^  the  yeair 
i;^,  aad  WB0  etocapMj  ailr  OMo«t  College 
nor  Birmii^fiMiiiw  He-  afterwards  nwnMi 
t»  Canada^  wheTO  ha'  &eidit&«>  oilier  oft 
C^ef  asewtatfy  £n»i  the  yea*  18^  to 
1^48.  in  1949  he  wA  ^pointed  Cob^ 
muaoiusr  of  Waod»  aaul  irerests)  and  in 
1^1  Keebred  the-  appomtanent  of  Lien- 
toumt-Gofvenmr  o€^the  Island  of  Tobago 
ia  the  Wert  Indiea^  Thig  pomtion  he  held 
iHtt  ft  few  months  when  he  was  ofRsred  the 
lieatenant^^ventov^up  of  Frmee*  Bd- 
vanPs  Island,  wliich  he  retained  until 
1^9.  Be  was  mbaei|iieiitly  promoted 
to  the  governoidnp  of  Sbuti*  AuetmHa^ 
^'^  he  assumed  in.  Mafohy  1862^  tfad^ 
Ktained  it  until  hn  deaths  February  19, 
l^.  In  1867,  oa  the  visit  of  H.  R  H. 
^ce  Alfred'  to  the  AusttaUan'  Colonies, 
%  D:  Daly  had  the  hmiour  of  beins  the 
int  Go^erner  to  enibertaiii.  His  Aoy^ 
^haesBrwhich  hedid  iaa;  manner  that 
iVKQved  hin*  the  thanks  of  l^e  Prince^ 
!^B.  JMy  wa»» man  e£  a  genial,  kindly 
^ii^mition;  athorfMigh  Urish  gentleman, 
▼^  during  his  tevm  of  office  endeared 
hiiBKlf  te  the  people  of  9oath  Austndii^ 
brhisoeosteaff  and  a&bility,  and  by  the 
great  interest  he  alwaya  manifested'  in 
^^^OtTthing  afibeting  the  wdftsre  of  the 
colony,  He  died-  uni>pei«aUy  regxettedi 
*r  a  Daly  left  m  widbMr;  two  Sbns^  and 
'.ii\d  davghtersb^     Hi»wido«^  and  one  8on> 


ai«e  abL4»  dead;:  hfe  tfeeoi&d  wm,  J<AM^ 
Geeyge  Daly,-  t»  Speoiid^  Mag^hrate  ki- 
MflMfitiis,  and  hiii>da«i||lMe«ft  Hm^  ttMln^i^ 
im  SnMlfe  AuiHteialiiK^the  ^d^  being  laat^ 
rM  to  Mr.  ^ohii  fiimtamf  MaMager  «f  fUm 
Bwdfi^  ei  Adelaide^  iMct  tbe  Second  lo*  Mr, 

Bsmk  df  Slou«&  Anetndk. 

J>AJLYf  l>(fmvt<m  IDitimetir  la  l-^MB^ 
be^emfe-ootto  8MMh  AtetraliM^  akt  il^d«^ 
(MMoaiHSp  to*  snr  Lwrnnmc  JMOiy.  ift  i<<9v9  JMr 
w«»aippoittte(i  Mrwym  und^  iSto  ScMrtlhf 
Attfltvalittn  Ckrveyument  f  teoK^  pare  in  th« 
SMpthem  lESenritery  i^ndition  mp  Skfy^ 
^yer  frttm  180^  to  1890  'i  fp»n  Febrm»y,> 
1874,  till  March,  1875,  joined  Sngikieeik^ 
in^Chief  8*  department,,  when  he  wae  ap- 
pesnted*  Surveyor  for  19^a<ive  Bte/ties  in  the 
Midayan  Peninsula 

I)AMPI£B;,  WiLLiAA,  tfelebvated  ftavi^ 
gater,  vras  bom  at  Eaet  Coker  in  Somerset' 
shire  in  1662.  He  early  i^o^ed  a  strong 
indlination  for  t^e  sea^  and  in  1^670 
modi^  »  ^^fBigb  fib  I9^eiiff(5nifdlaiid  Be- 
then  wen<r  (before  the  ment)  to  the  East; 
Indies,  and  in  167^  eatet«Mil  the  fht^^ 
serving  on  boa«d  the  *  Royal  Pilnce"  undter 
Sir  Edward  Spragge.  After  various  ad' 
ventures  he  sailed  in  1683  from  Virginia 
for  the  coast  of  ihnerica,-  in  a  privateef 
commanded  by  i^  Captain  Cook.  After' 
trying  without  success  to  pass*  through  the 
Mag^lan  Straits  t^ey  doubled  the  Horn; 
and  in  1684  cruised  along  the  coaet  taking 
Spanifii  prisses.  Captam  Cook  died  at  Cape 
!E^anoo,  and  Captain  Ewan  in  the  '*  Cyg^- 
net"  being  in  company,-  Dampier  join^^ 
him  as  he  was  going  to  the  coast  of  Mesdeo^ 
From  there  Ewan  determined  to  cross  to* 
the  East  Indies,  and  reached  Guaan  wit^ 
only  three  days'  profvisions  remaining.  In 
the  Philippine  Islfmds  the  men  mutinied 
and  put  Ewan  on  shore,  but  kept  D^mpi^ 
against  his  wish.  In  January,  1688,  they 
fell  in  with  the  land  of  BFew  Holland,  lat^ 
16°  50',  and  coasted  to  the  eastward  ae  far 
as  Cape  L^vdqne.  They  put  IHimpieif 
on  shore  at  the  Nicobar  Islands  whence 
he  escaped  at  last  to  Sumatra.  In  169t 
Dampier  returned  to  England  and  wrote 
an  aecount  of  his  voyage  round  the  wor!<i- 
He  was  then  appointed  to  H.M.  ship  "Roe- 
buck''  and  sailed  fbr  IQ^w  B(^land  in  1699;- 
This  tune  he  visited  it  in  lot  2Q"  near  Dirk 


52 


DAjNGAR— DAKUNG. 


Hartog's  Island,  and  coasted  to  the  north- 
west Afterwaixls  he  visited  the  eastern 
islands,  New  Guinea,  and  New  Britain. 
On  the  voyage  home  the  ship  sprang  a 
leak  and  he  was  obliged  to  run  her 
on  shore  at  the  island  of  Ascension, 
whence  they  were  taken  by  the  "Anglesey/' 
They  arrived  in  England  in  1701.  In 
1703  he  once  more  went  to  the  South  Seas, 
and  again  in  1708  as  pilot  with  Captain 
Rogers,  on  which  occasion  they  brought 
away  Alexander  Selkirk  from  the  islaiid 
of  Juan  Fernandez.  Dampier  returned 
to  England  in  1711.  Nothing  is  known 
of  his  subsequent  life,  or  when  his  death 
took  place. 

DANGAK,  Thomas  Gordon  Gibbons, 
M.L.A.,  was  bom  in  Sydney,  November 
17,  1829.  In  the  year  1834  or  1835  his 
parents  removed  to  Maitland,  where  his 
mother  died ;  and  two  years  afterwards 
his  father  removed  to  Scone,  then  known 
as  Invermein.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Paterson  and  at  Singleton,  and  afterwards 
at  Sydney  College,  where  he  gained  a  first 
prize  for  English  composition.  A  long  ill- 
ness prevented  him  from  continuing  his 
studies,  and  in  1847  he  entered  upon  a 
pastoral  life,  first  in  the  New  England 
district  and  afterwards  on  the  Condamine. 
In  1849  he  proceeded  to  the  Namoi,  and 
has  been  a  resident  ever  since,  chiefly  at 
BuUerawa,  Wee  Waa.  In  January,  1865, 
he  was  elected  for  the  Gwydir  electorate, 
which  he  has  ever  since  represented. 
About  1858  he  wrote  a  series  of  letters  on 
the  locking  of  the  Barwon  Kiver  and  ren- 
dering it  navigable ;  and  though  this  was 
ridiculed  at  t^e  time,  it  has  since  been 
accomplished,  and  steamers  have  ascended 
as  high  as  Walgett.  He  is  married,  and 
ha^  one  son.  Mr.  Dangar  is  a  great 
patron  of  literature. 

DARLING,  Sir  Charles  Henry, 
K.C.R  (nephew  of  Gov.  Ralph  Darling, 
formerly  Governor  of  New  South  Wales), 
assumed  ofiSice  as  Governor  of  Victoria, 
September  11,  1863.  In  1865  he  allowed 
the  M*Culloch  Government  to  tack  the 
protectionist  tariff  to  the  Appropriation 
Bill,  and  the  Legislative  Council  persisting 
in  rejecting  the  Bills,  a  dead-lock  followed ; 
the  Civil  Servants  and  others  were  paid 
by  judgments  given  against  the  Crown ; 


against  this,  the  Legislative  Council  wrote 
a  protest  to  the  Sec^tary  of  State  f oi*  the 
Colonies,  and  Sir  Charles  Darling  in  reply 
reflected  on  the  character  and  standiag  it 
certain  Members  of  the  Tipper  Hoaae. 
The  result  was  that  Sir  Chio-les  Darling 
was*  recalled  April  >  14,  1866.  On  his  de- 
parture, a  demonstration  of  more  than  ten 
thousand  of  his  sympathisers  wb]b  made 
at  the  Sandridge  Pier.  The  Legislative 
Assembly  voted  him  £20,000,  which 
the  Council  rejected ;  it  was  then  voted 
for  Lady  Darling,  and  again  rejected 
Sir  Charles  Darling  died  not  long  after  his 
return  to  England,  and  £20,000  was  then 
voted  for  Lady  Darling,  and  presented  to 
her  by  the  Government  of  .Yictoria. 

DARLING,  Lieut.-General   Ralph, 
appointed  Crovemor-General  of  New  South 
Wales,   arrived  in  the  Colony   with  his 
family  in  the  '*  Castle  Forbes,"  December 
18',  1825,  and  at  once  assumed  the  Govern- 
ment.    On  his  landing,  the  populace,  con- 
trary to  the  practice  customary  on  such 
occasions,  refrained  from  cheering,  because 
they  had  heard  unfavourable  accounts  of 
him.      His  conduct  soon   confirmed  the 
worst  fears  of  the  colonists.     He  was  pre- 
cise  and  methodical,  and  his  habits  were 
painfully  careful,  exhibiting  that  sort  of  - 
diligence  which  takes  infinite  trouble  and 
anxiety  over  details,  to  the  neglect  of  larger 
and  more  important  matters.     He  had  not 
been  long  in  the  colony  before  he  brought 
himself  into  antagonism  with  the  Press, 
and  put  on  the  fourth  estate  a  censorship 
that  savoured  of  tyranny,     Notwithstand- 
ing the  fines  and  persecutions  levied,  how- 
ever. Governor  Darling 'did  not  succeed 
in  intimidating  it.     The  great  "  Sudds  and 
Thompson  case  "  aflbrded  a  good  opportu- 
nity for  critidfion,  and  eventually  led  to 
Grovemor  Darling's  reoalL  *  On  December 
13,  1827,  he  resigned  his  patronage  of  the 
Turf  Club  in  consequence  of  some  speeches 
which    were    made    at  a    dinner    given 
by   the   Club;  in   these,   severe  remarks 
were  uttered  in  reference  to  the  Governor's 
administration,  and  invidious  comparisons 
drawn  between  him  and  the  late  Governor; 
and    to    crown    the     insult,    when    the 
Governor's  health  was  drunk,  the  musicians 
played  the  air  ''Over  the  hills  and  fnr 
away,"  veiy  appropriate  to  the  desire  for  his 


DARYALL— DAVIS. 


1^3 


departure.  The  insult  was  too  marked  and 
too  severe  to  be  passed  over,  and  the  Qo- 
vemor  directed  lus  Aide-de-camp  to  inform 
the  Secretary  of  the  Club  that  his  Excellency 
had  eeaaed  to  be  Patron  of  the  Association. 
Govemor  Darling  retired  from  his  admin- 
istration of  the  colony,  and  embarked  for 
England  in  the  ship  "  Hooghly/'  October 
21,  1831.  No  demonstration  was  shown 
<m  his  leaving;  A  number  of  persons 
assembled  at  Government  House,  and 
escorted  him  to  the  wharf,  but  there  was 
so  display  either  of  negret  or  gladness. 
Those  who  were  hostile  to  his  administra- 
tion  showed  some  contempt  at  his  depar- 
ture. A  number  of  persons  assembled  at 
Vandose,  where  a  bullock  was  roasted, 
drink  was  distributed,  and  the  crowd  gave 
foil  vent  to  their  joy,  real  or  assumed.  A 
nodce  was  given  that  there  would  be  an 
fllmnination  on  the  night  of  his  depart 
tore,  but  only  one  house  illuminated,  that 
▼ha«  the  opposition  newspaper  was 
printed.  In  history,  it  is  recorded  of 
Governor  Darling,  that  his  great  deficiency 
was  a  want  of  magnanimity.  This  defect 
deprived  him  of  the  warm  sympathy  of  his 
friands,  whilst  combined  with  a  large 
aooimt  of  rigour,  it  gained  him  the  unre- 
lenting hatred  of  his  enemies. 

DARVALL^  Sib  John  Baylet,  M.A., 
Q.C.,  KG.B16.  BomatNunnington  Hall, 
Yorkshire ;  second  son  of  Captain  Darvall, 
iHh  Dragoons,  -whose  grandfather,  Joseph 
Darvall,  was  Governor  of  Fort  St  Anne  in 
the  island  of  Sumatra,  in  1 762.  Educated 
at  Eton,  and  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
▼here  he  took  the  degree  of  M.  A  in  1836 ; 
vas  called  to  the  Bar,  at  the  Middle 
Temple,  in  1837;  went  to  New  South 
Wales  in  1839;  practised  at  the  Bar, 
Sydney,  till  1867;  was  made  Queen's 
Ck)Qnael  in  1853  ;  was,  in  1844,  appointed 
a  non-elective  Member  of  the  Legislative 
GoTindl  of  New  South  Wales  ;  at  the  first 
g^eral  election,  in  1848,  was  elected  a 
Member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  for 
Baihurst^  and  was  twice  returned,  at  subse- 
quent elections,  to  the  Colonial  Parliament ; 
▼as  appointed  a  Life  Member  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council  in  1861,  but  shortly  after- 
^vds  resigned  his  seat,  and  subsequently 
(^presented  the  electoral  districts  of  West 

^tland  and  West  Sydney  respectively ; 


in  1851  was  offered  a  judgeship  in  Vio- 
toria,  which  he  declined ;  in  1856  was 
made  SolicitoivGeneral  in  the  first  Ministry 
under  responsible  Gk>vemment,  with  a  seat 
in  the  Executive  Council;  in  1857  was 
made  Attomey-Qeneral  and  a  Member  of 
the  Executive  Council;  and  during  the 
time  that  he  remained  in  New  South 
Wales  was  a  Member  of  two  subsequent 
Grovemments  as  Attomey-Ceneral  and 
member  of  the  Executive  Council ;  in  1850 
was  appointed  a  Member  of  the  first  Senate 
of  the  University  of  Sydney ;  in  1867 
returned  to  England ;  in  1868  was  made 
C.M.G.,  and  in  1877  KC.M.G. 

DARWIN,  Charles  Eobert,  F.Ra, 
the  celebrated  naturalist,  is  the  son  of 
Dr.  R.  W.  Darwin,  and  grandson  of  Dr. 
Erasmus  Darwin,  author  of  "  The  Botanic 
Garden,"  whose  are  the  celebrated  lines 
commencing 

"  Where  Sydney  Cove  her  ludd  boiom  iwellfl— 
Courts  her  young  naTies,  and  the  ■form  repeU* 

He  was  bonrat  Shrewsbury,  February  12, 
1 809 ;  took  his  degree  of  R  A  at  Cambridge 
in  1832  ;  was  appointed  naburalist  to  the 
surveying  expedition  of  the  ''Beagle," 
lO-gun  brig,  in  1831  to  1836.  He  twice 
came  in  her  to  Sydney.  He  wrote  "  Jour- 
nal of  Researches  into  the  (xeology  and 
Natural  History"  of  the  various  countries 
visited.  In  1839  he  married.  He  has 
written  several  other  works,  of  which  his 
"Origin  of  Species"  and  "Descent  of  Man" 
are  the  most  celebrated. 

DAVIS,  Rev.  (Rabbi)  Alexander  B. 
bom  in  London,  August,  1828,  was  bereft 
of  both  parents  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years.  Was  educated  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Rev.  H  A  Henry,  of  St  Albans, 
Westminster,  and  subsequently,  whilst 
himself  teaching Hebrewat  HoUandHouse, 
Hammersmith,  by  the  late  Rev.  H.  M. 
Myers,  of  Ramsgata  Became  Master  of  the 
Westminster  Jews'  Free  School  in  1848.  and 
in  1852,  upon  the  recommendation  oi  the 
Chief  Rabbi  of  England,  Dr.  Adler, 
accepted  the  office  of  Minister  of  the 
Synagogue  at  Portsmouth.  Married,  in 
1853,  Blanche,  daughter  of  the  late  Bartho- 
lomew Harris,  of  Hatton  Garden,  and 
proceeded  shortly  afterwards  to  the  charge 
of  the  English  and  German  congregation 
at  Kingston,  Jamaica*      After  more  than 


M 


m^en  yawns'  ocvmpeAcj  ef  tim  ofBee  he 
j»#ars«d  t^  Kngiiind,  aimI  in  Mbj  ,  1M2, 
^iitMied  wjdb  Ms  ^BMBiJy  for  Byioe^^  io 
ibake  cbirgs  of  ib»  floogpagxtien,  irlikh 
appointioeot  he  still  holcbei  fii«  oMne  la 
Urn  cttf  will  aiwjijB  be  aMooiated  wkh 
ti>e  Jeviab  Sal>hprii  fik^ool  «nd  ^•friAgs' 
Bwik,  w  the  (oraattfaioa  of  vhieh  he  wm 
prioe^ally  isistrumeiiieJi,  «8  well  as  tddng 
iMi  adiv$  part  hi  the  erection  and  eon- 
fdeticm  of  the  present  handaoHie  edifiee 
m  E3i«ri>eth^treet,  Sgrdnaj.  He  is  an 
ftequeisit  pxeadMr^ 

DAVIS,  BiOHT  Beir.  Charles  fiLsvBT, 
bom  at  Usk,  oounty  MonsMMith,  Hay 
1«,  181$.  Oe  me  edueated  at  St 
Crit^ry's  CoUe^  Downside,  near  Badi. 
In  1833  he  beouae  n  membw  joi  the 
JBenadiotine  order;  and  in  I^ovtember, 
l^W,  h^wm  ordained  prieat  He  beeame 
a  professor  in  the  CoUege,  and  in  1848 
was  oonseorated  Bisk^C^cytttor  to  Arch- 
bishop Fading,  and  left  England  in 
August  of  ibat  jear.  On  hisarriTal  in 
the  oohmy,  he  devoted  fate  aiMimtion  tp  4^ 
fwomotion  of  auperior  ednoation  and  the 
cultivation  of  church  inwdc.  Durii^ 
Afiehbishop  Poldii^s  abeenoe  he  edminifl- 
4»red  the  diocese,  and  was  afterwards  €f«t 
Ifipman  Oatholic  Btahop  of  Maitland.  He 
died  May  17,  1854. 

DAY,  "EsiwAKD  Denitt,  was  bom  in 
Kerry  in  1801.  He  entered  the  Army  in 
1820,  in  the  46th,  and  aerred  in  India, 
from  which  place,  in  1834,  he  eame  for  his 
health  to  New  South  Wales.  He  was  first 
Mttf^oyed  as  derk  to  the  Council  depart- 
aaent,  and  in  1835  waa  taransfierred  to  the 
Colonial  Secretsry's  Oftoe.  In  1836  he 
waa  appointed  Police  Magistrate  of  Mait- 
iamd^  whifih  position  he  held  until  1850. 
Si»  energy  and  detmmination  waa  remai^ 
al>ly  disj^ayed,  in  1840,  in  the  pursuit  of 
Ik  gang  of  bittdtraagers,  known  aa  ^^the 
Jew  Boy's  Gang,'^  from  MusweUbrook  to 
J>oughboy  Hollow,  where  Mr.  Day  €u&d 
his  party  secured  five  out  of  the  seven. 
In  1853  he  was  again  appointed  Poliee 
Msgiatrate,  and  omntinued  to  discharge  tibe 
diMaes  of  that  office  at  Maitland,  Muswell- 
brook,  and  Fort  Macquarie  until  1869, 
when  fiailing  health  compelled  his  retare- 
mwLt,  He  died  May  5,  1876.  Mr.  Day 
viarTiad  in  1685,  Maxgaret^  fouHh  daughter 


af  J«naB   RayuMnd,    Bbi|.,    Pc 
<jleiMml  4iC  Ae  oolasy,  bj  Hknb  he  kri 
mm  asps  mtd  Ikf^  daagiiterri. 

DAY^  Qmmam,  1C.L.A^  bom  en  tfe 
Haw^keshury  in  1696,  was  eiuested  it 
atthaehs  at  Windaer  and  Ridnaaoiid ;  wtB 
made  a  aMcialrate  in  1860 ;  amrar  d 
Alb«ryfor«b«eyeaiu,I867'«^l.  IaU74 
be  eutened  the  iWUaaMnt  of  New  Boath 
Wales  for  ihe  Hune  electoesfte,  which  he 
«(iiil  poproaonts. 

DE  BOOS,  CatasLRi,  bam  m  Loato 
May  ^4,  1819  <tfae  natal  day  aaid  year«f 
Her  Oraeioua  Mi^esty  Queen  Victoria); 
w«a  edueated  at  Addiaoaaibe.  He  wewmi 
in  the  British  Legion  in  the  Oariist  imtf 
Spam,  1835-36  and  1837,  asMi  anived  m 
Auatraiia  in  183^9.  He  waa  GoverauMBit 
ahorthaad  writer  in  Yietotia  frao  1851  ip 
1856.  Was  eoanaeted  with  the  S^imv 
MonUor,  Sydn$jf  ^rosMtts,  ffermld,  and  Md- 
bpmTU  Arg^ut.  He  wrote  ^  The  StookTBSB^g 
Daughter"  published  in  The  F^pie's  Adm- 
eote,  ^  My  Holiday,"  *  Moroya,"  «Coia. 
o(^^ ^ AuatndMQ  Ghoats,^  ^GbftstsMi, 
and  other  Sketehes,"  ^Oamspoiideiico  of 
John  Sttith,  of  Oongewoi,^'  *<Bandw 
Notes,'' «'  Colleetiv*  Wisdom''  (Paiiiamor 
tary  dkxAjchi&ik)  kx  S^dmetf  M<)rnMig  H^r^ 
and  "  Fifty  Yeacu  Ago,''  a  ooveL  In 
Deoember,  1874,  he  waa  appointed  a  war- 
den of  Oe  New  South  Wales  Goldfid<k, 
which  position  he  still  htdds. 

DEFf  ELL,  OsoBOB  Htmar,  wv 
(educated  at  Harrow,  and  Trimiy  College, 
Cambridge ;  graduated  R  A,  in  1843 ;  in 
1846  he  was  called  to  ti&e  Bar ;  in  18W 
was  appointed  a  Cennniesiotter  of  the 
Court  of  Claims  in  New  South  Wales,  and 
in  1857^  Master^nrEquity  of  the  Supreme 
Court  On  July  1, 1865,  was  appoiirted  to 
his  present  position  of  Chief  CommianoMr 
of  Insohrent  &tat^  New  South  Walea 

DENIEHY,  DAirtBL  Hmvt,  wis 
bom  in  Keot^treet,  Sydney,  in  18^ 
Having  at  a  twider  age  oidibited  sigos 
of  more  than  ovdiiiary  ability,  youii^ 
Deniehy  waa  sent  to  a  aeleet  aehool  kept  by 
M.  Jonson,  who  had  lived  eersral  years 
in  Franee,  and  waa  a  master  of  four  or 
Hve  European  languages.  Under  tfaii  wr 
struetor  the  future  orator  and  critic  pr^- 
greesed  rapidly  in  faia  studies,  which  ke 
aftofwurds  continued  at  the  Sydney  College 


DBMffiUl. 


tnt  'wititont  IniBf  i  njyiiiig  hxB  nodiDg  m 
Frendi  «id  iteiksi  titonrfmre  Huder  tke 
tafcyniiip  of  M.  JoaBOfL  In  tfM  nfbeei^iii 
^r  of  his  age,  his  poitmtB — he  wta  then 
theiroirf  J  child — ^toc^  fain  to  Engl«&d,  K^vth 
the  mtentien  of  j^aesng  Idm  «t  ooUege 
at  Oxford  ;  but  his  age  and  di]mnutiv>e 
ippesnnoe  pperented  his  inmediate  re- 
ception, aad  he  WM  left  m  diarge  of  a 
iotor  with  whom  he  read  dassios  for  soRie 
months.  Weary  of  his  isolation,  he  visited 
his  friatxreB  in  Ireland  (probably  in  1848), 
BBdheoame  acquainted  with  some  off  the 
kiding  members  of  the  Toung  Ireland 
pBitT,  in  whose  entinuriaam  he  participated. 
On  his  ret&m  to  Sydney  he  became  an 
trtided  <Aeak  to  the  late  Mr.  N.  D.  Sten- 
hoQse,  for  many  years  the  Meosnasof  leMers 
in  8jdney.  Doling  the  time  of  his 
tkriship,  Mr.  Deniehy  oontribttted 
iketches,  yerseB,  and  criticisms  to  various 
nengpapwH,  all  of  whtt^  were  received 
vith  coonderable  public  &vonr  on  account 
of  then*  freelmesB  and  vigour  <^  style. 
At  this  period  he  was  an  unwearied 
Rader,  or  ratiier  student,  of  the  best 
nthors  in  Kigliflh,  Frraich,  and  Italian 
hteratine.  la  the  winter  of  1853  he  ex- 
hibited the  fruits  cf  these  severe  studies  in 
t  series  of  lectures  on  Modem  Literature, 
Mivered  at  the  School  of  Arts.  He  also 
net  inth  popuho*  acceptance  as  a  speaker 
<n  the  great  political  topic  of  the  day,  the 
GoDstitation  BilL  In  1856  he  was  re- 
turned to  Fkrliamentfor  Ai^le,  and  soon 
guned  a  reputation  in  the  House  of  As- 
■mhly  for  his  powers  as  a  keen  debater 
uhI  an  fkcfqoent  vpeakcr.  He  was  re- 
turned by  the  electors  of  East  Macquarie 
in  1858,  asid  kept  his  mti^  till  after  the 
passing  of  tike  Eleetoral  Reform  Bill  in  the 
blowing  year,  when  he  voluntarily  with- 
drew ftm  public  life.  During  his  par- 
fiunenfeary  eareer  he  practised  at  Gonlbum 
M  an  attorney,  but  the  time  he  devoted  to 
te  paiiiamentaiy  duties  seriously  in- 
Mered  with  his  business.  In  1858  he 
iHuraed  to  Sidney  and  devoted  himself 
^  hteraAnre,  contributing  several  essays, 
<ritieal  and  nsthetical,  to  the  Freeman's 
<A>tfriMi/ and  otilier  newspapers.  In  I860 
he  became  one  of  the  founders  of  tiie 
Southm  Cro98^  to  which  he  contributed 
aeveial  brilliaiit  papen  on  some  of  the 


most  distingnii^ed  UUeraiisn/n  <sf  ^e  een* 
tury,  such  as  Maoanlay,  I>e  Quinoey,  Mc«^ 
Browni]^,  Leigh  Hunt,  Mrs.  Jamfeseb, 
and  others.  On  the  invitation  of  frienda 
usid  achnii«i«  in  Yictoita,  he  went  m, 
1862,  to  Melbourne,  where  for  nearty  t«i> 
years,  he  edrted  and  conducted  The  Vti9- 
tarian  newspaper  probably  tftte  most 
vigorously  written  political  journal  ever 
published  in  Australia.  It  succumbed, 
however,  to  bad  business  management  and 
party  antagonisms ;  and  Mr.  Denidiy  w^ 
tunied  to  Sydney,  broken  in  health  and 
hopes.  He  contributed  several  adndrable 
critical  essays  to  the  Sydney  Mtming  Heredd 
at  this  time,  1864-65.  Acting  on  the 
advice  of  his  friends,  in  1865,  he  removed 
to  Bathurst,  where  he  renewed  the  prao- 
tioe  of  his  profession,  but  under  voy 
depressing  circumstances.  He  died  in  the 
hospital  kA  that  city,  October  32,  1865,  in 
the  thirtv-'seventh  year  of  his  a|^. 

DENISON,  Sm  William  Taokaa,  wa& 
bom  in  1810,  and  was  the  third  sen  of 
John  Denison,  Esquire,  of  Ossington  Hall. 
In  1826  he  entered  the  Engineers.  From 
18S8  to  1846,  he  was  employed'  by  the 
Adaiiraltytotakechai*geof  the  construction 
and  repair  of  the  various  works  in  the 
dockyards  at  home  and  abroad.  In  1846 
he  was  appointed  Governor  of  Tasmania ; 
and  in  1855  was  promoted  to  Now 
South  Wales.  During  his  stay  in  Tas- 
mania occurred  the  agitation  against  th^ 
removal  of  convicts  from  New  South 
Wales  to  that  colony,  and  the  troublesome 
care  of  Smith  O^Brien.  Such  thi]^ 
made  him  for  a  time  unpopular,  but  before 
he  left^  his  private  character  had  become 
universally  respected,  and  hearty  fareweUs 
were  accorded  to  him.  The  same  may  be 
said  of  his  career  in  Sydney.  His  stay 
in  ^dney  is  rendered  notable  by  the 
fortifications  which  bear  his  name.  He  left 
for  Madras  in  1861.  On  the  death  of 
Lord  Elgin  he  acted  as  Oovemor^Oeneral 
pending  the  arrival  of  Sir  J(4m  Lawrence. 
In  1866  his  term  of  rule  having  expired, 
he  retired  into  private  life.  He  died 
January  19,  1871.  Sir  William  Dcnison 
married  the  daughter  of  Admiral  Sir  W. 
Phipps  Hornby,  and  by  her  he  had  four^ 
teen  children,  of  whom  six  sons  and  fow: 
I   daughters  survive  him. 


66 


DICKENSON— DOUGLA& 


DICKENSON,  Sib  John  Nodes, 
Kicioht-Bachelob,  bom  on  the  island  of 
Grenada,  West  Indies,,  in  1806;  was 
educated  at  private  schools,  and  afterwards 
at  Caius  College,  Cambridge,  of  which 
Universitj  he  is  a  Master  of  Arts ;  called 
to  the  Bar  by  the  Honorable  Society  of 
the  Inner  Temple  in  1840  ;  came  to  Sydney 
in  1842  with  the  appointment  of  Puisne 
Judge,  Supreme  Court;  presided  soon 
afterwards  in  the  celebrated  trial  Bank  of 
Australia  v.  Bank  of  Australasia,  a  case 
that  created  intense  interest  throughout 
the  colony  [see  Trials].  His  judgment 
on  that  occasion  was  upheld  by  the  full 
Court  and  the  Privy  Council ;  was  made 
a  Knight-Bachelor  in  1860,  and  retired 
from  the  Bench  February  18,  1861,  on  a 
pension  of  XI, 050  per  aoiiuim. 

DOCKER,  Hon.  Joseph,  M.L.C.,  has 
spent  a  large  portion  of  his  life  in  this  coun- 
try, having  lived  chiefly  on  his  estate  near 
Scone  in  the  Hunter  River  district.  He  was 
once  a  candidate  for  election  to  the  Legisla- 
ture, but  was  defeated.  He  was,  however, 
appointed  a  Member  of  the  Upper  House. 
Mr.  Docker  was  made  Postmaster-General 
in  the  first  Martin  Administration,  in 
January,  1866  ;  and  just  before  the  close  of 
that  Administration,  in  September,  1868,  he 
was  appointed  Colonial  Secretary.  When 
Sir  James  Martin  took  oflice  a  second  time, 
in  December,  1870,  Mr.  Docker  again 
accepted  the  oflSioe  of  Postmaster-Greneral, 
which  he  held  until  the  resignation  of  that 
Ministry  in  May,  1872.  During  this  last- 
mentioned  period,  he  was  a  colleague  of 
Mr.  Robertson.  He  introduced  and  carried 
through  the  Upper  House  Mr.  (now  Sir) 
Henry  Parkes's  Public  School  Bill  in 
1866.  He  displays  great  zeal,  industry, 
and  ability  in  the  criticism  of  measures 
under  consideration  of  the  Legislature. 
Mr.  Docker  is  a  man  of  large  reading  and 
information. 

DON,  Charles  Jardine,  was  bom  at 
Cupar,  Scotland,  in  Jime,  1820.  He 
was  apprenticed  as  a  hand-loom  weaver, 
and  joined  a  Society  for  Mutual  Improve- 
ment; took  part  in  the  Chartist  move- 
ment in  1842 ;  arrived  in  Victoria  in 
1853,  and  worked  at  the  trade  of  stone- 
mason for  some  years.  He  entered  Par> 
'ont  as  Member  for  Collingwood  in 


1859,  and  was  again  returned  in  1861. 
He  was  put  forward  as  the  champion  o! 
the  working  classes,  and  was  the  author  of 
the  well-known  saying  that  he  *' would 
drive  all  the  Victorian  squatters  across 
the  Murray  with  their  own  stockwhipa" 
He  died  in  1867. 

DONALDSON,  Sir  Stuart  Aleian- 
DER,  was  bom  in  London,  December  26, 
1815.  He  came  out  to  Sydney  in  1840, 
and  became  a  clerk  in  the  house  of  Dawes 
and  Co.,  of  which  he  was  afterwards  the 
head.  In  1856  he  was  elected  for  Cumber- 
land, and  Sir  W.  Denison  caUed  upon  him 
to  form  the  first  Constitutional  Ministry  in 
New  South  Wales,  June  6, 1856,  but  being 
defeated  on  a  vote  of  want  of  confidence,  he 
resigned  August  25th,  same  year;  wbs 
quickly  recalled  to  power  by  the  defeat  in 
October  of  the  Cowper  Ministry,  which 
had  succeeded  him.  In  1857,  however, 
the  new  Ministry  was  defeated  on  its 
Electoral  Bill,  founded  on  a  property  quali- 
fication, and  Mr.  Donaldson  never  again 
entered  the  Government,  although  he 
continued  to  take  a  prominent  part  in  the 
debates  in  the  House.  In  politics  Sir  S.  A 
Donaldson  opposed  the  policy  of  Mr.  Cow- 
per. He  left  for  England  in  1858,  and 
twice  afterwards  visited  the  colony.  He 
was  knighted  in  1858.  He  died  at  Carl- 
ton Hall,  Cumberland,  January  11,  1867. 

DOUGLAS,  Hon.  John,  C.M.G.,  bom 
in  1828,  was  educated  at  the  Edin- 
burgh Academy  and  at  Kugby,  and 
afterwards  graduated  at  Durham.  He 
came  out  to  New  South  Wales  in  1851, 
and  was  shortly  afterwards  appointed  Gdld- 
fields  Commissioner  at  Braidwood.  He 
then  engaged  in  squatting  pursiiits  at  Dar- 
ling Downs.  After  the  separation  of 
Queensland,  he  sat  in  the  New  South  Wales 
Parliament  as  Member  for  Camden,  and  on 
leaving  for  the  northern  colony  in  1863, 
was  elected  for  Port  Curtis  in  the 
Queensland  Parliament.  In  1866  he  was 
Postmaster-General,  and  resigned  his  seat 
in  the  lower  House  to  represent  the  Min- 
istry in  the  Council.  In  the  second  Mao> 
alister  Ministry  he  re-entered  the  Assembly, 
and  took  oti^ce  as  Treasurer.  In  1868  he 
again  resigned  his  seat  to  take  the  leader- 
ship in  the  Coimcil.  In  1869  he  was 
made  Agent-General  for  the  Colony  in 


BOWLING— DRIVER 


57 


England,  which  post  he  held  for  eighteen 

j^onths.    In  1871  he  returned  to  Queens- 

j^aod,  and  in  1875  was  elected  for  Mary- 

"^lorough.   In  1876  he  became  Minister  for 

XuidB,  and  in  1877,  on  Mr.  Thorn's  resig- 

xiatioD,  Vice-President  of  the  Council  and 

Tremier.     His  Ministry  was  defeated  in 

January,  1879. 

DOWLING,  Sib  James,  was  bom  in 

London,  November   25,  1787.      He  was 

pardy  educated    at    St.    Paul's    School, 

London.      After  leaving  school  he  was 

aasodated    with    the    daily    papers,   and 

i^^rted    the  debates  in  both  Houses  of 

Paiiiament.      In  the  year   1815  he  was 

called  to  the  Bar  at  the  Middle  Temple. 

He  edited  more  than  one  legal  text  book, 

and  brought  out  no  less  than  nine  volumes 

of  Law  Eeports  known  as  Dowling  and 

Byland's    Reports.        In    1827    he    was 

i^ecommended  by  Lord  Goderich  to  King 

Gecxge  the  Fourth  as  a  proper  person  to 

be    ^pointed   a    Puisne    Judge    to    the 

€!olany  of  New  South  Wales.      To  that 

position  he  was  appointed,  by  Commission 

under  the  Great   Seal,  dated  August  6, 

1827.      He,  with  his  family,  arrived  in 

the  ship   "  Hooghly  ''  in  Port  Jackson, 

Pebmary  24,    1828.      In    April,    1836, 

upon  the  then  Chief  Justice,  Sir  Francis 

Forbes,  leaving  for  England,  Sir  James 

appointed  Acting  Chief  Justice,  and 

made  Chief  Justice  (upon  Sir  Francis's 

retirement  through   ill  health),   when  he 

was  knighted.  Sir  James  died  in  Sydney, 

8^)tember  27,  1844,  aged  57. 

DOWLING,  Jahes    Shebn,    District 
Court  Judge,  was  bom  in  London,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1819.     He  came  out  with  his  father, 
formerly   Chief   Justice   of    New   South 
Wales,  in  1828,  but  in  1836  returned  to 
England  to  pursue  his  studiea     He  entered 
King's  College,  and  in  1841  graduated  as 
LL.E     He  was   called  to  the    Bar  in 
1846 ;  was  appointed  Attorney-General  at 
Port  Curtis  in  1849,  and  remained  there 
untQ  the  settlement  was  abandoned,  when 
he  came  to  Sydney.     In   1851   he  was 
nade  Police    Magistrate;   in  .1857   was 
•fainted  Crown  Prosecutor,  and  in  1858 
Bzstrict  Court  Judge,  New  South  Wales, 
widch  appointment  he  now  holds. 

DOWLING,    Lady  (knight's  widow), 
£i£giOT  Mabt,    daughter  of  John  Blax- 


land,  Esq.,  of  Newington,  in  Kent^  and 
of  Newington  in  New  South  Wales,  and 
Member  of  the  Legislative  Coundl  in 
Sydney,  N.S.W.  Married,  first,  1816, 
Alexander  Macdonald  Ritchie,  Esq.,  mer- 
chant, of  Calcutta;  second,  1835,  Sir  James 
Dowling,  Chief  Justice  of  New  South 
Wales,  who  died  1844.    Besides  in  Sydney. 

DRAPEK,  Bey.  Daniel  James,  bom  in 
the*  parish  of  Wickham,  Hampshire,  Eng- 
lanc^  August,  1810 ;  educated  in  the  vil- 
lage school  of  his  birthplace,  and  was  re- 
garded as  the  best  scholar  in  the  parish. 
He  was  after  leaving  school  apprenticed  to 
his  father  as  a  carpenter,  and  at  the  age  of 
19  years  went  to  .Southampton  to  perfect 
himself  in  his  business.  He  was  brought 
up  in  the  Established  Church,  but  when  at 
Famham  he  attended  the  Methodist 
Church,  and  became  a  member  of  that 
denomination  in  1830.  When  about  20 
years  of  age  he  was  appointed  local 
preacher,  and  on  his  return  to  Wickham 
preached  in  the  church  of  his  native  town. 
As  local  preacher  he  removed,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1833,  to  Brecon,  in  South  Wales,  and 
in  March,  1834,  was  recommended  by  the 
Superintendent  Minister  of  the  Circuit  as 
a  suitable  candidate  for  the  Wesleyan 
Ministry,  and  at  the  annual  district  meet- 
ing held  at  Swansea,  in  May,  1834,  was 
received  on  trial  and  appointed  to  the 
Chatteris  Circuit.  He  married  a  Miss 
Webb,  a  farmer's  daughter,  near  Famham; 
arrived  in  Tasmania,  February  22, 
1836.  On  March  27th  he  left  Hobart 
Town  for  Sydney,  where  he  arrived  April 
3rd  of  the  same  year.  He  laboured  in 
New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  and  in  South 
Australia  for  nearly  30  years,  and  was  in- 
strumental in  the  erection  of  some  of  the 
largest  places  of  worship  belonging  to  the 
denomination  in  Australia.  He  returned 
to  England  in  1865,  and  after  nearly  six 
years  sojourn,  embarked  in  the  "London" 
steamship,  December  29,  1865,  and  with 
244  other  passengers,  including  Bev.  Dr. 
WooUey,  Principal  of  the  Sydney  Uni- 
versity, G.  V.  Brooke,  the  well-known 
actor,  was  drowned  at  the  wreck  of  that 
vessel  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  January  1 1, 
1866. 

DBIVER,  BiCHABD,  M.L.  A.,is  a  native 
of  New  South  Wales,  and  a  son  of  parents 


MTT— lyUMT. 


vMTQlOl'Ci,     9^NM1     rCBflOSlB    f OT    BBRBMCTUtg 

iuBsrif  ft  tni6  mitiw  of  tiixB  oovntiiy.  fie 
<WB8  bom  at  Owskahy  near  livtatpool, 
'Septeooi^er  1^^  1829.  After  jmiwing 
tiiroii^li  Ids  BohoGi  education^  he  aui  ved 
luB  articleB  fus  attonie3r^  dei^  with 
Menzs.  ITidiolk  koA  Wiffiams,  aoHcitore, 
bo&of  whom  hf Te-ainee  beendistiiigTudied, 
we  fonner  as  &  jlember  of  RtrRiMiept 
and  AuditoxvOeneral  in  the  first  naponsible 
Ministiy,  l^at  of  Mr.  6.  A.  DomidBon,  Ihe 
istter  as  Orown  Solicitor.  Mr.  Driver^ 
after  serviAg  the  period  of  his  asticles,  was 
admitted  as  an  attorney  aoid  solicitor  of 
Che  Chzpreme  Court  in  1856,  and  he  has 
BOW  beien  for  several  yean  Solicitor  to  the 
Cbrporatton  of  Sydney.  At  an  early  period 
of  his  life  he  took  a  lively  interest  in 
polities,  and  became  an  enthusiaBtic  ad- 
mirer of  Mr.  Wentwoiiih,  and  a  firm 
adherent  to  the  party  of  Mr.  Oowper.  He 
was  returned  to  ^aifiament  fay  the  Sleo- 
torate  of  West  Maoquarie,  in  I860 ;  and 
has  since  then  represented  Carooar  and 
Windsor.  During  the  nineteen  years  of 
ins  paifiamentary  life  he  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  ifiscasaons  on  many  of  the 
mestions  of  the  day.  He  has  not  intro- 
dnoed  many  measures  of  his  own;  the 
Gflsne  Act  ia  the  only  piece  of  legxriataon 
he  has  eanied  throogh.  He  brought  in, 
Imwever^  a  very  useful  Bill  to  prevent 
adulteration  in  food  and  drink,  but  though 
Ads  Bill  passed  the  Assembly,  it  was  so 
aMered  in  the  Upper  House  that  Mr. 
Driver  determined  not  to  prooeed  with  it 
He  has  occupied  with  credit  the  position  of 
Chairman  of  Committees  in  the  Assembly. 
Mr.  Driver  has  longbeenweBandpopuiariy 
known  as  a  palvon  of  cricket,  regattasy 
the  turf,  and  other  manly  Britirii  sporta. 
fie  has  acquired  considerable  political 
Inflaenoe  both  in  the  House  and  amongst 
the  people^  He  was  Ministv  for  Lands 
In  the  Farkes  Ministiy  in  1877. 

DRT,  SkB  KiCHARD,  was  either  bom  in 
Tasmania  (about  1810),  or  arrived  during 
infan^.  Early  in  life  he  was  called 
Tipon  to  manage  the  paternal  estate  of 
Quamby,  burdened  with  sundry  entails. 
He  was  a  Member  of  the  old  Legislative 
Conneil  about  1845.  In  1851,  when 
xepresentative    institutions     were    intro- 


daoed,  he  wm  rBtumed  as  one  of  the  tws 
Members  for  Launceslon,  and  was  ckofla 
S|yeaker.  At  tins  lame  property  was  a> 
depressed  thaA  Quamby  baxtly  paid  the 
atmtdties  due  firom  it.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  Oeof^  Meredith,  £■().,  v 
Cambria,  Oieat  Swan  Port  After  1855, 
having  given  up  theSpeakerdiip,he  went  to 
England,  where  he  was  knighted  Bc^re 
1860  he  sold  a  portion  «f  the  Quanbj 
estate  and  thus  cleared  off  his  liabilitiei 
for  the  annuitaes,  dDC.  The  remainder  since 
his  death  has  been  sold  by  Lady  Dry 
(there  being  no  family)  for  £50,000.  Os 
November  24,  1866,  he  took  office  as 
Colonial  Beerstaiy  and  Premier,  retiring 
August  1,  1869.  He  died  in  October, 
1869.      The  cc^onists   have  founded  hf 


subscription  a  **  Dry 


1} 


teaabk 


on  oeitain  terms,  in  memowy  of  their  first 
Speaker. 

DUFFY,  SiK  Charlbs  Gavait,  bora  ia 
county  Monaghan,  Ireland,  1816 ;  edor 
cated  privately ;  at  the  age  of  18  ivent 
to  DuUin,  where  he  obtained  empk>yment 
on  the  newspaper  press,  and  afterwards 
punmed  with  success  his  pitifession  n 
a  writer,  at  Belfast  In  1841  lie 
returned  to  Dublin  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  poHtieal  agitation  under 
OX>nmell.  In  1842  he  started  l^^iTaJMii 
newipi^ter.  With  <yCoanelI  and  five 
others  he  was  tried,  Januaery  15,  1844, 
for  treason,  and  having  been  foand 
guilty  Mr.  Duffy  was  sentenced  to  a  fine 
of  £50  and  nine  months'  impriaonmeDt 
After  spending  three  months  in  prison  the 
sentence  was  annulled  by  appeal  to  the 
House  of  Lords,  to  the  great  joy  c^  the 
peof^  of  Ir^and,  who  cdebrated  the 
libmfction  of  their  friends  by  illuminations 
and  bonfires.  Dufify  acted  with  OX3oimefl 
in  the  agitation  for  repeal  until  1847, 
when  he  became  one  of  the  founders  «€ 
the  « Irish  Confederation,-  and  jmned 
Smith  O'Brien  in  his  schemes  for  "the 
redress  of  the  wrongs  of  Ireland."  In 
1852  his  services  in  advocating  tenant 
right  and  other  social  reforms,  by  means 
of  able  articles  in  The  NoHon  newspaper^ 
were  rewarded  by  his  Action  to  represent 
the  borough  of  New  Boss  in  the  British 
House  of  Commons,  where  he  made  some 
fine  speeches  and  took  pert  in  debates  when 


UniMSAV. 


^CoQptiUrtim  BiMs  far  Uw  CUobms dE 

»m  fiovtk  Wafes  «k1  Vi0i(»ia  wece 
■ader  diaooaaoiL  2m  IS55  be  vemgrmd. 
Ins  ttiit  and  left  the  Bntisk  Um,  to  wtde 
in  AuBteaiia,  «nd  he  4m^«d  in  Port 
nitip  in  ^e  ''GeeniCliief''  m  16di. 
He  WAS  «i«leoiBied  vMnnfy,  and  «t »  Imii* 
^t  givQii  in  bis  koQour  in  MeJibe«me, 
JUrvarj  4&  oC  tibat  jear^  he  made 
iw  of  ^e  exymawn  so  <iiten  quoted 
lor  tnd  mgMm^f  fcisB,  ^I  am  aa  Irish 
febel  to  the  backbone  ani  spmal  marrow/' 
hi  ttMRpliance  wMi  a  prennig  invitatiiOQ 
Mr.  D8%  viated  fiydnej,  aadamved  there 
Manh  5,  1^6,  and  on  the  11th  a  baa- 
taetvaagnneAisL  hit  honour.  Hisfriesodfi 
k  Vietoria  paeaented  him  wiHi  a  freeboU 
cikate,  ia  ovder  to  qualify  him  lor  a  seat 
hike  Lagiabtive  Gonseil.  Tbe  diggers 
d  Ballarat  pledged  ^emaehes  to  gire  an 
amee  of  gold  eac^L  He  twice  h^d  offiee 
at  Miniter  lor  Laada  and  Worfca  in  Vio- 
toiia,  and  hy  baling  vatained  offioe  the 
apacifiad  iiaae  veoeivw  a  penaion  from  the 
aaloDj.  Li  1871  be  femied  a  nevGo'vem- 
inent  in  Yktorta,  be  hinM^  taking  die  Pre- 
aoenhip  with  <iie  offioe  c£  Chief  Beoiratary. 
He  aatired  from  offiee  June  10,  1872, 
aiber  which  he  visited  Bnropei  fie  now 
nprasenta  Ciif^wfauid  in  the  Legiabpfei'vie 
Aaseaiblj,  and  for  the  past  two  yeara  he 
fea  held,  and  nofw  bolda,  the  offioe  of 
Speaker  of  tbe  YietonaH  Pailianifiot.  GKr 
Charlea  G«v«n  Dufiy  waa  twiee  married — 
in  \S%2  to  IfiflB  M 'Lanchfin,  daughter  of 
a  BelfMt  meidmnt;  in  1847  to  Misa 
Hughea,  by  whom  be  baa  «  Urge  ^Boniif  . 

DUNCAK,  WiujAM  AtrouamnB,  is  de- 
anndad  iroai  •  leqwetable  &miljr  in 
Abodeenabire,  'wbere  be  was  bom,  in 
1811.  Exhibiting  horn  inlaney  a  krve  of 
Inaki,  wbiflh  baa  ineraaed  with  hia  yeara, 
hs  waa  deaigBed  by  hia  parenta  for  the 
siatatry  of  the  National  Kiik,  with  whidi 
'Haw  he  leceivied  «  good  daancal  and 
laaibeniaiyeal  education,  to  which  he  after- 
varda  added  a  knowle^e  of  the  French, 
Itabaa,  Mpaniah,  mad  Geramn  languages, 
all  of  whieh  be  eontiniiea  to  read  widi 
fhsaavreL  A  long  and  severe  illneea, 
aopervemag  tbe  intelligence  of  the  death 
ef  hia  father,  interrupted  his  reg^ular 
covaa  af  atudy,  bat  be  diverted  hia  mind 
b>  iBoie  aerioiis   matten.      He    became 


abaorbed  aatbeokigy.  Thae  neoeasarily  lai 
to  a  sUtdy  of  religiova  eontniveray,  whiqb 
lesolted  in  hia  embracing  tbe  Bamaa 
Oatboiic  fidtL  He  waa  aeoeptad  aa  % 
student  at  tbe  Scots'  Benedictane  OoUege^ 
Batiabon-,  bnt  having  been  induoed  ta 
esdhanin  for  tbe  new  odUeffeat  Bbira,  in 

the  angerof  tbe  auidioritieB  by  a  cxitupie 
on  a  sermon,  be  renoonoed  his  ecdeeuifr 
tical  vocation.  Shortly  afterwarda  Mn 
Doncan  married,  and  a&er  a  viat  to  Ire- 
land,  and  having  formed  a  coaneftion  with 
several  London  pabliahera,  he  oommenosd 
the  boaineaB  of  a  pnbiiaher  and  bookadiar 
in  Aberdeen.  He  produced  veiy  aocuimte 
editions  of  several  Btandaid  works;  but 
after  struggling  for  about  five  years,  he 
found  it  expedient  to  wind  up  the  oonoeia^ 
and  came  oat  of  it  alittle  poorer  than  wben 
be  eommenced.  After  thu  he  devoted  hm^ 
«elf  to  teadiing,  and  to  wilting  lor  the  Pram 
with  some  degree  of  aaecess.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  the  advocacy  of  tbe 
Reform  ^U  of  1832,  and  of  Lord  fitaa- 
ley'a  new  aystam  of  education  introduced 
iivbo  Irdand.  Mr.  Duncan  studied  tfats 
intern,  and  liked  it  greatly.  He  asoep- 
tained  ibat  it  had  been  introdnced  into 
New  Bouth  Wales  by  Sir  Baebanl  Bourka 
It  ocourred  to  him  that  thia  <^oed  a  fiald 
of  nsefulnem  which  wna  not  to  bedeapiaod. 
He  <quiddy  made  up  his  mind,  and  having 
procured  the  neoeaaary  eertifieatea  at  the 
Colonial  Office,  be  took  hia  departure  for 
Sydney,  in  July,  1838.  In  1839  a  jomt 
atodk  oompany  waa  formed  in  Sydney  for 
the  purpoae  of  eatabliibing  a  nerwapapa^ 
which  waa  to  be  the  organ  of  the  Boman 
Ontholic  party.  Mr.  Duncan  waa  ap- 
pmnted  trustee  and  editor  of  the  paper, 
tbe  AutiraUan  Chronicle,  and  conducted 
it  lor  three  or  foor  years  with  a  degree  of 
ability  that  baa  never  been  disputed.  In 
1843  Mr.  Duncan  atarted  a  weekly  paper 
of  hia  own,  the  TTaa/fcfy  RtgiaUr,  Ttm 
was  partly  political  and  literary,  and  waa 
read  by  almost  everybody  of  note  in  the 
oc^ony.  In  1846  Mr.  Duncan  waa  np- 
pointed  by  Sir  George  Gippa  Sub-Cc^leclor 
of  Ouatoma  at  Moreton  Bay,  and  shortly 
after  hia  aettiement  at  Brisbiuie  was  placed 
in  tbe  CkHnmisaion  of  the  Peace,  appointed 
Water  Polioe  Magistrate,    Guardian  of 


60 


DTTTTON— ELDER 


Mmors,  and  local  Immigration  Commia- 
doner.  On  his  return  to  Sydney,  in  May, 
1859,  after  13  years'  absence,  he  was 
offered  the  Chairmanship  of  the  National 
Board  of  Education,  then  vacant  by  the 
removal  of  the  late  Mr.  Flonkett  This 
he  refused,  as  he  disapproved  of  Mr.  Plun- 
kett's  removal;  but  when,  shortly  after^ 
wards,  Mr.  Forster  took  office  he  accepted 
from  him  an  ordinary  seat  at  the  BcKBurd, 
of  which  he  i*emained  an  active  member  tiU 
its  dissolution.  On  the  retirement  of  Mr. 
Fairfax  from  the  Council  ofEducation  he 
was  offered  the  vacant  position,  which  he 
accepted.  He  was  appointed  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Sydney  in  January,  1859,  an 
appointment  which  he  still  retains. 

DUTTON,  Francis  S.,  was  bom  at 
Cuxhaven  in  1816.  He  was  at  Hofwyl  in 
Switzerland,  and  afterwards  at  the  high 
school  at  Bremen.  In  1833  he  went  to 
Balira  as  a  clerk  in  a  mercantile  firm 
there,  and  spent  about  five  years  in  South 
America.  In  1839  he  joined  his  elder 
brothers  William  Pelham  and  Frederic 
Dutton  in  Sydney.  He  then  went  over- 
land to  Melbourne,  and  remained  there 
about  18  months.  In  1841  he  joined  his 
brother  Frederic  in  South  Australia,  and 
from  that  time  his  career  was  identified 
with  that  colony.  In  1844  he  discovered 
the  Kapunda  Copper  mine,  which  he  sold 
in  1845.  He  was  a  Member  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council  from  1851  to  1857,  and  of 
the  Legislative  Assembly  from  1857  to 
1865.  He  was  Minister  for  Crown 
Lands  from  1857  to  1859,  and  again  for  a 
short  time  in  1863  after  his  return  from 
England,  where  he  had  been  Commissioner 
for  the  Colony  in  the  Exhibition  of  1862. 
In  1865  he  returned  to  power  as  Minister 
for  Public  Works.  In  the  course  of  the 
year  he  resigned,  and  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  Agent-Creneral  for  the  Colony  in 
England,  for  which  his  enei^  and  talents 
for  business  peculiarly  qualified  him.  He 
died  in  1877. 

EAGAR,  Hon.  Geoffrey,  was  bom  in 
Sydney  in  1818,  and  educated  at  the 
Academy  of  the  late  Mr.  W.  T.  Cape, 
afterwanls  Head  Master  of  the  Sydney 
College;  up  to  the  period  of  middle  age 
was  employed  in  mercantile  and  banking 
pursuits ;  entered  pubUc  life  in  1859,  on 


his  appointment  to  a  seat  in  ^e  LegislatiTe 
Council  j  in  the  same  year  accepted  ofSce 
as  Secretary  for   Public  Works  in  the 
Administration  formed  by  Mr.  William 
Forster,  and  during  its  continuance  acted 
as  its  representative  in  the  Upper  House; 
subsequently  resigned    his    seat    in  the 
Countnl,  and  in  July  1863  was  elected  one 
of  the  representatives  for  West  Sydney ; 
accepted  office  in  the  following  October  as 
Treasurer  in  the  first  Administration  formed 
by  Mr.   (now   Sir)  James  Martin;   was 
elected  a  second  time  for  West  Sydney  in 
1865 ;  in  January,   1866,  again  became 
Treasurer  in  the  second  Administration 
formed  by  Mr.  Martin ;  sat  last  in  Parlia- 
ment in  1868,  and  now  holds  the  office 
of    Under    Secretary    for    Finance   and 
Trade ;  served  altogether  as  a  Minister  of 
the  Crown  for  four  years  and  five  months, 
and  by  the  Queen's  authority  retains  the 
title  of  Honourable  ;  was  distinguished  in 
his  ministerial  capacity  for  his  clear  and 
comprehensive  Financial  Statements,  and 
was  acknowledged  to  stand  in  the  foremost 
rank  of  Parliamentary  speakers. 

EGAN,  Daniel,  was  bom  at  Windsor, 
New  South  Wales,  in  1 803.  He  was  fore- 
man of  the  dockyards  in  Sydney,  and 
when  that  establishment  was  broken  up  he 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was 
for  sometime  an  Alderman  of  the  City  of 
Sydney,  and  was  elected  Mayor  in  185L 
As  a  Magistrate  of  the  Sydney  Bench,  from 
1848  to  1853,  he  was  very  assiduous  in 
his  duties.  In  1854  he  was  elected  to  the 
Legislative  Council,  and  in  1856  to  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  for  Monara  In 
1861  he  was  elected  for  Eden,  and  in  1868 
took  office  as  Postmaster-CeneraL  In  1869 
he  was  defeated  for  Eden,  but  was  elected 
for  Monara  He  was  always  identified  with 
"the  Liberal  party."  He  died  October  16, 
1870,  at  Watson's  Bay,  a  short  distance 
from  where  the  "  Dunbar"  was  wrecked 
in  1857,  and  in  which  vessel  his  wife,  son 
and  daughter  were  lost 

ELDER,  Alex.  Lako,  merchant,  London, 
formerly  of  Adelaide,  South  Australia,  was 
the  founder  of  one  of  the  largest  mercantile 
houses  in  the  colonies.  He  was  bom  at 
Kirkcaldy,  in  Scotland,  in  April,  1815; 
arrived  at  Adelaide  in  1839,  and  after  a 
very  successful  and  honourable  career,  left 


ELDER— EYBR 


61 


a  splendid  bnsiness  to  his  brothers,  and 
retained  to  London  in  1852,  where  he  is 
still  carrying  on  a  hirge  business  with  the 
colonies.  He  was  elected  as  one  of  the 
first  representatives  of  the  City  of  Ade- 
laide, under  the  new  Constitution  Act,  in 
1856.  No  man  in  South  Australia  was  ever 
more  respected  than  he. 

ELDEB,  Sir  Thomas,  was  bom  at 
Kirkcaldy,  Scotland.  He  was  brought  up 
to  mercantile  lifa  Li  1 854  he  came  out  to 
Adelaide.  He  formed  part  of  the  house  of 
A.  L  Elder  and  Co.  He  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful in  business,  and  is  now  the  head  of 
the  firm.  He  started  the  Wallaroo  and 
Moonta  Copper  mines.  He  introduced 
camelB  into  l^e  Colony,  and  has  fitted  out 
three  exploring  expeditions.  He  gave  a 
donation  of  X20,000  towards  the  endow- 
ment of  the  University  of  Adelaide.  In 
1869  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislative 
Council,  but  resigned  his  seat  in  1878  and 
▼ent  to  Paris  as  Honorary  Commissioner 
for  South  Australia  at  the  Paris  Liter- 
national  Exhibition.  He  was  knighted  in 
May,  1878. 

£LL£RY,  Egbert  L.  J.,  Government 
Astronomer  of  Victoria,  was  bom  at  Cran- 
leigh,  county  Surrey,  in  1827,  and  was 
brought  up  to  the  medical  profession,  but 
at  an  early  age  evinced  a  strong  leanii\g 
for  astronomy.  In  1851  he  eame  out  to 
Melboome,  and  shortly  after  his  arrival 
accepted  the  invitation  of  GrovemorLatrobe 
to  establish  an  observatory  at  Williams- 
town,  where  he  continued  until  1858,  when 
he  was  requested  to  arrange  the  geodetic 
survey  of  Victoria.  Li  1863  the  observa- 
toiy  was  transferred  to  Melbourne  and 
unidgamated  with  the  physical  observatory, 
aod  he  took  charge  of  both.  He  was  en- 
tnuted  with  the  expedition  to  Northern 
Australia  in  December,  1874,  but  the 
weather  was  unpropitious.  In  1875  he 
had  a  year's  leave  of  absence,  when  he  paid 
a  visit  to  Europe. 

"  EVA''  was  the  nam  de  phime  of  Miss 
Eva  Mary  Kelly,  the  daughter  of  a  gentle- 
man of  county  Galway.  She  was  bom  in 
1B26,  and  was  little  more  than  a  girl  when 
her  oontnbations  bearing  her  pseudonym 
^>^gan  to  attract  attention  in  the  columns 
of  Ths  Nation  newspaper.  A  good  idea  of 
the  young  Ireland  poetiy — at  all  events  of 


the  young  Ireland  poets — ^may  be  gathered 
from  her  patriotic  poems  and  songs,  which 
have  recently  been  collected  and  published 
in  one  volume.  Kevin  O'Doherty  was  at 
this  time  a  young  medical  studentin  Dublin 
\8ee  O'DoHERTY,  Kevin].  From  admiring 
Eva's  poetry  he  took  to  admiring  the 
author.  The  outbreak  of  1849,  however, 
brought  a  rude  interruption  to  Kevin's 
suit.  He  was  writing  unmistakeably  se- 
ditious prose,  whilst  Eva  was  .assailing 
the  constituted  authorities  in  rebel  versa 
Kevin  was  arrested  and  brought  to  trial 
Twice  the  jury  disagreed.  The  day  before 
his  third  arraignment  he  was  offered  a  vir- 
tual pardon — ^a  merely  nominal  sentence — 
if  he  would  plead  guilty.  He  sent  for  Eva, 
and  told  her  of  the  proposition.  "  It  may 
seem  as  if  I  did  not  feel  the  certainty  of 
losing  you,  perhaps  for  ever,"  said  he,  "  but 
I  don't  like  this  idea  of  pleading  guilty.  Say 
what  shall  I  dol"  "DoT  answered  the 
poetess,  **  why,  be  a  man,  and  face  the 
worst ;  I'll  wait  for  you,  however  long  the 
sentence  may  be."  Next  day  fortune  de- 
serted Kevin.  The  jury  found  him  guilty. 
The  Judge  assigned  him  ten  years' transpor- 
tatioiL  Eva  was  allowed  to  see  him  once 
more  in  the  cell  to  say  adieu.  She  whis- 
pered in  his  ear,  "  Be  you  faithful  ril 
toaii,"  And  she  did  But  "  terrible  must 
have  been  the  shock  to  her  gentle  nature 
when  her  patriot  lover  was  borne  off  a 
convict  and  shipped  for  England's  penal 
settlements  in  the  far  southern  seas.  She 
believed,  however,  that  they  would  meet 
again,  and  she  knew  that  neither  time  nor 
distance  could  chill  the  ardour  of  their 
mutual  affection.  The  volimies  of  the 
JNatian^  published  during  his  captivity,  con- 
tain many  exquisite  lyrics  from  Eva's  pen 
mourning  for  the  absent  one,  with  others 
expressive  of  unchanging  affection  and  the 
most  intense  faith  in  the  truth  of  her 
distant  lover."  Years  fled  by,  and  the 
young  exile  was  at  length  allowed  once 
more  to  tread  Irish  soiL  Two  days  after  he 
landed  at  Kingstown  (in  1855)  Eva  was 
his  brida  She  returned  with  her  husband 
to  Australia,  and  for  many  years  they  have 
been  settled  in  Brisbane,  Queensland. 

EYBE,  Edward  John,  explorer  and 
Governor,  was  bom  in  Yorkshire,  in 
August^  1815,  and  was  educated  at  the 


«l 


r^TTTfMwnf  riirriT 


Heeameto-Sycbiey  in  1833,.  tad  gagagri 
Ih  aheep^sawioff  on  tile  Lorwvr  Mtvrafv 
where  he  iraa  Magkterwle  aad  PvotcKtor 
of  Aberi^giiuihL  In  1845»  lie  pvUnhed 
^DttNMFVvrMff  m  Centnl  Amtoalifti.''  He 
snueeeded  ia-  lS4rl  in  crosaiiig  by  the  con^ 
from  Actelfliiis'  to  Western  Amtraliit  Lk 
2845  he  retumed  toEnglainly  and  in  1846 
WM  appen&ted  Lieotenftat-Gevemor  at 
IXew  Zealasid,  imcler  Sor  Qeaegp  C^7r 
^j^iere  he  renBiflied  ter  ass;  jtHnt  He 
ratopned  te  EngAmdin  IddS^  and  the  aoasd 
yeay  waeiHiideGovggMgrrfBt  Timwufc  la 
1860  he  mgaa  west^  to  Biigiaiid  to  Mennt 
^hfahrndtife  in  1*8^' he  waa;  pnt  is  «^iaiq|e' 
Q#  Jai»ai0»  doraig  the  ahnnceaf  G^^mor 
Uttrling,  and  in  18M-5  hi»  deduce  msft' 
BKBceat  evwshedi  a  dangemie  insuneetfank- 
these  meflflUEes.  €Ensited  mock  iwiemiaiert 
ain0ngBft  oeptam  pec^Ie-  m  Ei^land,  and  he 
w»  reeaU^  <*  The  Jamaica  Ceiiimittoe'' 
-WB8  formed  lor  his  proseewtien,  but  the 
Magistrates  reftised  to  oommit  him  for 
trial;  Me  wm  hmvassed  b j  legal  py(v 
ceedings  ifor  tipnrardsi  of  foHr  yeum, 

FAIBCLOFG^M,  CAnnAnr  Haoa,  was 
bom  at  Wai^ftree,  near  Manchester,  Ma^ 
16, 1 828,  followin^the  sea  as  his  proliesniSiL 
Se  arrived  in  Sydney  abcmt  ISM,  said 
beeame  assoeiated' with  Maedomdd,  Smith 
and  Ca  in  186^  be  joined  Mr:  Meniman 
and  Captain  B>  Jenkins  as  meichants  and 
sinpownerft  Se-married  a  dau^ter  o£  Mc- 
Houison  of  Parramatta.  He  was  sk  mem/- 
ber  ot  the  Madne  Beard,  and^  from  his* 
knerwtedge  o£  the  Pblynaaaa  l«B^(Uflge%. 
was  able  tO' restore  fbur  women  who  had 
been  picked  up  at  sea  to  th^  hstte  in  the 
Gilbert  Mand&     lie  died  June  30,  187a. 

FAIRFAX,  CsuiBLn  Jobii,  ww  tbe 
ddest  sen  of  Hon.  Jkiin  FairflsK,  M.XbG.; 
came'tO'the  coleny  witb  his^fktiieB  in  1838r; 
was  educated  at  ike  Sydn^  Gnunraar 
School,  and  at  a  private  school  ait  Hexham, 
kept  by  the  Rev:  Robert  Bolton.  He  was 
apprenticed  to  Messrs.  Kemp  and^  Fairftac,. 
and  having  served  his  time  was  admittiedi 
as  a  partner  in  the  business  of  the  Sydns^ 
Maming  Herald  alter  the  retimment  of 
Mr.  Charles  Kemp.  M  1863  Mr  Charlee 
Fairfax  returned  to  Sydttey  alter  a 
lengthened  tour  on  the  Ihiropean  ContuieBt 
and  America,  and  in  Deeemb^'ofi  thatyeav 


he  wae  tiusswii  from  a  homs^  flirvzviniglhe 
aet'idsnt  bat  i^  Jew  homn^  Bewaahi^^dy 
eateeaMd  av  a  csionaftr  and  as  aa  en^loyeiv 
pnaaeaang  qnalitiai  fiMting  him  for  a  moslE 
pfpmiflTwg  fgtai^as  ifcjeanadirtu  He  died 
at  the  age  o£  3& 

FAIRFAX,  Hear.  J<MOr^MJLjC.f  bomat 
Warwick,  in  1804.  ffiaashMridays  wm 
shortened  by  idie  darin  of  as  old  friead  of 
faia  ftriftas;.  wte*  teafc  i^ftaw^rto  thebe^ 
te^  }Bnmm  Mm  ht  hia  emfiayniaai  at  a 
aad  at  taid?»a  yeats.  o£  age  he 
hia  appntttiBeshcp  m.  has  nativa 
tewnt  When  h^  had  ssavad  his  ^mm 
with  hie  fin*,  aapioyer  in  WarwidB,  he 
wantr  to  Loaxihn,  and  wovked  lor  acma 
yniaj  en  the*  Mamm^  Ckrtmkie:  A&mg^ 
wards  he  wentbacdt  te  Warwidsriiixe,  and 
coBUMsnced^  hoaimws  en.  hia  own  aooomit 
as  printer  aacC  bookaeUer  at  LeamingtoiL 
There  he  marvied,  and  thenstaeted  a  news^ 
paper;  Tie  was  chosen  a  deacon  of 
the  CongsegatBOifii  Ghuroh.  meeting  in 
Spencer-street  Chapel,-  Leamington^  and 
took  on  active^  past  in  the  affiura  of  the 
congregation.  He  was  also  snpezinten' 
dent  <d  the  Sunday  aahool  thera  He 
arnved  in-  Sydney  with  his  young  family, 
aad  aoeepted  the  amKnntinent  oi  Librarian 
to  the  Auatralian  Library,  September  26, 
1838..  Mv.  Faizfaa  wae  next  engaged  by 
the  preprietor  of  the  Sydtney  Morning 
StTtUd,  Mr.-  Gharlee  Kemp  was  then  a 
reportot  on  the  ffendd,  and  so  became 
associated*  with  Mr,  Fa^r&o.  As  these 
two  evidently  hod  betaieenthem  the  qnali* 
ficBtsans  naeeaaary  for  the  sncorasfttl 
carrying  on  of  such  a  paper;. and  as  the 
pn^rietor  widied  to  retive  from  it,  he 
offeiied  to^  selL  it  tOi  themu  Thon^*  their 
own  finaueml  reeearee^  at  that  time,  were 
not  sofficiant'  te  caray  on  the  paper, 
they  flsgreed  to  the  poaehase,  obtaining. 
each  pecuniary  help;  a»  enabled,  them  to* 
tide  otcev'  the  finrtr  difficnlties ;  and  by 
prudent  management  and  imtiring  wox^ 
they  soon  made  themsekres  independent. 
Mr.  Foirftcx  woe  one  of  ik»  duef  sup* 
partBRs  at  the.  Congaegatsonid  Churchy  to 
whidi  he  hadi  been  attBohed  &om  tho 
begjnningraf  his  life  ;:  and  about  the  year 
ls8^  he wnff  ohoasn:  to  be  a  deaeen  ^ot  tiie 
FittHStreet  Congregattonai  church.  From 
the-fizetr  fanuaitiois  at  tinat  ohmich)  he 


Mr  WiMaoL  Tinted  tko  msthev  cMrtry:. 
Be  vetiuBsd  to  Lesmiiigtoi^  after  tiiiH^^ 
jMva^  akmm,.  fior  tho  BonourafalA  pwpoM 
of  psjnjig  ctf  att  tiu  ilelite  he  had  left  dns 
in  183^i---4kc  caste  ixL  an.  aotioa  fsr  UbA 
biao^  agMBHl   hincii  ia.  eonaeqiMDee  e€ 
ane  steieliiraB  oa  a  public  offiGM^  and 
vbjeh  -vaa  gi^HK  in  hk  fKrooK     He  le- 
taraed  to  Sydnajr  in  1859.    Shortlj  after 
in  i«ta^.  the  partiienh%>  babi¥een.  him. 
and  Mr.  Kemp  wasdisBcdTedy  Mc  Faisfisz 
pwchiaiii^^tha- ahara  of  hiafionner  parteM; 
ani  thiB»  liMiiiiiinjy,  mle  pvopauftor..    He. 
aftttWBids  teok  his  aana  inta  pairtnetaiiip 
^nlh  hiau.    Ona   tiaa  which  Mil  Faajfiax 
made  of  the  (^portmutifis.  afforded  by  hi» 
mt  to  FiiMriiwid  was  to  observe  the  nu* 
»«>».  ^^c^^Boite   ia   printing  »id 
jovoalisBi  which  had  beeiLpioduced  by  the 
ihrotioaoi  inli^iectand  mannftl  skill  to  i^ia 
kind  o£  enterprise.      After  his  return  to 
Sydney  he  sought  to  turn  his  obBervaition& 
to  aocoont  by  a  judicious  and  spirited  eoL- 
penditure  upon  his  establishment.   WhziBt 
vigilant  in  the  execdaa  of  economy,  he  was 
geocraasto  themaixypeBBSoii&iaLhissmpIoy; 
and  thus  eniintad!  tiaSl^  indastry^  and  zsal 
is^serviea     Mm  ayin  viajted  Piiigisnd. 
aboQt  1863,  and  contmned  his  weHrdireoted 
eibrts  las  the  iB^roroment  o£  l^e  paper 
in  all  ue^eotft      He  waa  a  liberal  sup*- 
porter  of  rarignm  puhlsQ  duaiiiies,  and  a. 
gRkeRyoB  firiamfcto  many  whoinaed^  help. 
Qaottos-cantttewandi  aBa.aBndtdato  for 
daedui  to*  th»  Le^mbttva  AsMmfaly^  bat. 
vas  deieated^  ami  narver  a§aaL  sou^lkt  thff 
soffiragas  oi  tiMr  dbcteas.      In  the  yeaxr 
ISriihe  waa  ayfomtad  a.  Member  ai^  the 
I^gHlataw  CJemudl     Fcbb  twenty  yaam 
^  took  an.  aatnit^  past  in  the  managi^ 
aini  eitfte  Aostadian.  Matnal  Erovide&t. 
^ietf.     Hb  died  all  h»  reradexu^  6inah«> 
9d]a^  near  Base  Bay^  ff art  Jaakaonv.  Jmm 
l^  18Z7.     Ha  hasv  lefii  twot.  sonS)  Jamea* 
Ifaadbig  aad  Biarnxd  Fair&x  (iidio  eon- 
Uma  te>  cHHsy  on  the  Sydruff  Mommg- 
Smdd)  nmd  mveal  gEandbhiidBSXL 

fltUiJdS,  Jambi  TBtmAB^vnuB  bomat 
-^^diknie,  ilk  \823h  Ha  reoBisredhis  ednaai- 
tisaat  the  Gkamnar  Skduul.  Be  came  out 
to  Sfdoay  ia.  ]^842l  Hb  first  panehaaed  s 
£hu  new  Sj^dneyv  but  shortly  a£ter  the 
%aa(9ajQ&gpM  eoBUQenoad  bnamesa  as  a. 


akorekaaper  ofe  Braaiwoad.  la  1854r 
leaicived  ia  Alhvry^  where  he  has 
resided  He  was  elected  to  the  Legmtatkrvab 
AaaamUy  in  18691  for  the  Home,  b«t  in 
1872  daclisied  taefier  himsell  finrre-elee^ 
taoo.  In  1858  a  company  was  formed  ia 
Albury  lor  the  growth  and  mannfacturs  «£ 
winflL  It  dad  not  prove  commereiaUy  suo- 
oeaaful,  and  the  property  was  sold  to  Mr:. 
Fallon.  In  187^  he  Tinted  the  wine-pro* 
doBiDg  eenntKBes  of  France,  Germany,  audi 
Italy.  In  1873  his  wines  took  the  first 
prize  at  the  Yieima  Exhibitien,  and  in 
1875  a*  aai  Exhibition  in  LondcsL  Mc 
Fallen  has  the  largest  vim^rBzds  and  orilass 
in  Australia,  and  is  one  of  the  most  ent^ 
prising  and  suooesBlul  wine-growers.  Im 
1876^  he  manafactared  champagne  frooE 
Attstraiian  grapea 

FAHNELL,  Jambs  Sgviaa^  MllLA.,.wa8* 
bom  in  1827.  He  wav  educated  at  Parrar 
matta,.  his  native'  town,  and  has  since  tra- 
velled over  a  great  part  of  the  colony,  and 
visited  CaliJocniay  the-  South  Sea  Ishmds, 
and  New  Zealand.  In  1869  he  was  elected 
for  StL  Leonardsi  and  after  being  ejected 
in  1860,  sat  for  FanBmatt&  He  subse- 
qnsBtly  beoama  Chairman  of  Committees^, 
ia  whi«h  c.pacil,'  he  displayed  great  judg- 
ment,.  sod  obtaraed  the  gooeUwill  of  the 
TThiiaft-  In  1872  ha  took  oflice  under  Mtl 
(now  Sir)  Henry  Fboikea  as  Minister  for 
IrfnBJH,  which  posztion-  he  held  until  1875.- 
In  Decenocber,  1877,  he^became  Premier  and 
Minister  for  Lands^  bat  failing  to  pass  his: 
Land  Bill  in  I>ecBinber,  1878,.  he  resigned; 
He.  now  repveaeDts  St.  Leonards  in  the 
LegiEdBtiver  Assembly  o£  New-  South 
Wale&.  Heiv  first  Qnmd  Master  of  the* 
newly^rmsd  I$«w  South  Wales  Constitu- 
tion of  Freemasons,,  and  has  alwsfs  token 
an.  active  mtarest  in  the  craft 

FAUGETI!,.  Pkdeb,  Puisne  Judge  tft 
Sapreve  Couct.  New  Snath  Wales,  boni: 
in:  Ddilin,  wajs  eduesEted  at  a  private 
schooi).  and  then  at  Trinity  College  in  thsdi 
(^tfi  Hje  gmdaated  B.A..  in  1842,  was 
caUed;ti»the  Barin  1845,  arrivedin.  Sydney 
iuL  1852,  and  having  been  admitted  to  the 
coloinBL  Bai;.aslBred  on  the  practice  of  his- 
prnfesamn.  Iki  1856  he*  was  returned  tor 
the  first  Pariiamewt  under  the  new  Con- 
stubutnon  Aot^  for  King  and*  Georgiana, 
and  m:  1860  for  East  Sydteay.     In  1863 


64 


FAWKNERr-FENTON. 


he  was  made  Solicitor-Greneral,  and  on 
October  6,  1865,  was  appointed  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court. 

FAWKNER,  JohnPascoe,  "theFather 
of  the  Colony"  of  Victoria,  was  bom  in 
London  in  1792.  He  was  educated  at  a 
dame's  school,  and  for  two  years  at  a 
boarding  school  On  February  10,  1803, 
he,  with  his  parents,  sailed  in  the  ''  Cal- 
cutta "  for  the  colonies,  arriving  at  Port 
Phillip  October  9,  1803.  Shortly  after- 
wards he  went  in  the  "  Ocean "  to  the 
Derwent,  where  he  arrived  February  10, 
1804.  In  1814  he  went  to  Sydney,  re- 
turning to  Hobart  Town  in  1817,  where 
he  entered  into  business.  In  1819  he  re- 
moved to  Launceston,  and  engaged  in  the 
timber  trade,  which  he  relinquished  in 
1826,  and  started  a  public-house  called  the 
"Cornwall  Hotel"  In  1829  he  started 
the  Launceston  Advertiser  which  he  sold  in 
1831 ;  in  August  1835,  went  to  Port  PhiUip; 
in  January,  1838,  started  the  first  (written) 
newspaper,  which  was  only  printed  (every 
Saturday)  in  the  following  March.  In 
1839  he  commenced  the  Fort  Phillip 
Patriot,  which  he  afterwards  made  into  a 
daily  paper,  and  which  is  now,  after  many 
mutations,  the  daily  Argus.  In  1842  he 
was  elected  one  of  the  Market  Commis- 
sioners ;  in  1843,  one  of  the  Town  Council, 
an  office  which  he  held  for  many  years ; 
was  elected  a  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  for  Dalhousie,  and  on  the  intro-. 
duction  of  free  Parliaments  was  returned 
to  the  Legislative  Council  for  the  central 
province.     He  died  September  4,  1869. 

FEATHERSTONE,  Dr.  Isaac  Earl, 
was  bom  in  the  ooimty  of  Durham,  March 
21,  1813.  He  was  educated  at  a  private 
school,  and  pursued  his  studies  in  Italy, 
and  afterwards  in  Edinburgh,  where 
he  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1836. 
In  1839  he  married  the  daughter  of  Mr. 
A  Scott,  of  Edinburgh,  and  in  consequence 
of  iU  health  he  came  out  to  New  Zealand. 
He  was  amongst  the  first  to  advocate  repre- 
sentative government  On  the  inaugura- 
tion  of  the  New  Zealand  Constitution  in 
1852  he  was  elected  Superintendent  of 
Wellington,  which  office  he  held  for 
eighteen  years.  His  courage  and  infiuence 
with  the  Maories  was  of  signal  benefit  in 
the  war  in  1866.     He  was  in  1853  re- 


tamed  for  Wanganui,  and  continued  to 
represent  it  until  1871.  During  that  time 
he  was  a  Member  of  two  Ministries,  being 
Premier  and  Colonial  Secretary  of  one  of 
them.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  Agent- 
General  in  England,  for  New  Zealand, 
which  post  he  held  until  his  death  in  1875. 

FELLOWS,  Thomas  Howard,  was 
bom  in  England,  and  studied  under  the 
celebrated  Chitty,  in  London.  He  was 
called  to  the  Bar  in  1852,  and  shortly 
after  emigrated  to  Victoria.  In  1855  he 
entered  Parliament,  and  became  Solicitor 
Greneral,  and  in  1857  Attorney-General. 
In  1858  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Lower 
House,  and  was  elected  to  the  Council 
In  1859  he  represented  the  Nicholson 
Ministry  in  the  Upper  House,  and  in 
1863  took  the  office  of  Postmaster-General. 
In  1865  he  resigned  this  post  and  led  the 
Opposition.  In  1867  he  resigned  his  seat  1 
in  the  Council,  and  was  elected  for  St 
Kilda  to  the  Assembly,  and  became  Min- 
ister for  Justice  in  the  Sladen  Ministry. 
After  their  resignation  ho  did  not  again 
take  office,  but  continued  to  be  a  Member 
of  the  Assembly  until  1872,  when  he  was 
made  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  He 
was  one  of  the  almost  lawyers  in  Australia. 
He  died  April  8,  1878. 

FENTON,  Francis  Dart,  came  to  New 
Zealand  in  1850.  In  1854  he  was  ap- 
pointed resident  Magistrate  of  Kaipara, 
and  in  1855  he  became  Native  Secretary, 
but  a  dispute  occurring  between  him  and 
Mr.  McLean,  Chief  Commissioner  for  the 
purchase  of  native  lands,  at  the  request 
of  the  Governor  he  resigned,  and  was  ap- 
pointed resident  Magistrate  in  the  Wai- 
kato  country.  In  1857  he  wrote  a  paper 
describing  the  political  disccmtent  of  the 
natives,  and  pointing  out  the  danger  of 
the  King  movement  then  commencing.  In 
1858  he  became  Assistant  Law  Officer  of 
the  Crown.  On  the  removal  of  the  seat 
of  Government  to  Wellington  in  1864  he 
became  Chief  Judge  of  the  Native  Land 
Court  Finding  the  Act  of  1862  defective, 
he  drew  up  that  of  1865,  by  which  large 
quantities  of  land  passed  under  Crown 
title.  In  1866  he  was  called  to  the  Legis- 
lative Council.  He  is  now  District  Judge 
as  well  as  Chief  Judge  of  the  Native  Land 
Court  He  has  done  much  for  esthetics  in 


FENWICK— FINNISa 


66 


Anckland  as  chief  of  the  Choral  Society  (in 
the  orchestra  of  which  he  is  one  of  the  ablest 
violinists),  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Domain 
Board.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  City  Improvement  Commissioners. 

FENWICK,  Orlando,  was  bom  at 
Gravesend,  in  June,  1822,  and  cQmmenoed 
business  in  conjunction  with  his  brother, 
Pasooe  Fenwicky  in  the  year  1 844.  He  emi- 
grated to  Melbourne  in  1852,  in  the  "Great 
Britain,"  on  her  first  voyage  to  the  colonies. 
He  entered  into  trade  as  an  importer,  in 
which  business  he  is  still  engaged.  In  1 865 
he  was  elected  for  the  ward  of  Bourke,  and 
wasMavor  of  Melbourne  in  1871.  In  1872 
he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Low- 
Ijing  Lands  Commission  and  elected 
Chairman.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
several  Exhibition  Commissions,  and  is  still 
a  Coancillor  of  the  Melbourne  Corporation. 

FERRESs  J'OHN,  was  bom  at  Bath,  in 
1818.  His  f&ther,  who  was  a  printer, 
dying  when  he  wa*  between  three  and  four 
years  old,  he  was  early  appi'enticed  to  Mr. 
S.  Gibbs,  a  printer  and  stationer,  with 
whom  he  remained  for  sixteen  years.  In 
1848  he  emigrated  to  Melbourne  and 
hecame  a  compositor  in  the  Herald 
office,  and  shortly  afterwards  manager. 
He  was  the  first  to  introduce  a  steam 
printing  machine  to  the  colonies.  In  1851 
he  accepted  thepost  of  Government  Printer 
in  Victoria,  which  office  he  still  holds. 

FERGUSSON,  Sir  James,  is  the  eldest 
son  of  Sir  Charles  Dalrymple  Fergusson, 
ud  was  bom  at  Edinburgh,  March  18, 
1832.  He  was  educated  at  Rugby.  In 
1850  he  entered  the  Grenadier  Guards. 
In  1849  he  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy. 
In  1854  he  went  to  the  Crimea  with  his 
r^^ent,  and  was  wounded  at  Inkermann. 
Having  retired  from  the  Army  he  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Commons  for 
Ayrshire,  and  sat  for  that  county  until 
1857,  and  again  from  1859  to  1868,  when 
he  was  ^pointed  Governor  of  South  Aus- 
tralia. He  married,  in  1859,  Edith 
Christian,  second  daughter  of  the  Marquis 
of  Dalhousie  ;  she  left  him  a  son  and  two 
(^aGghters.  He  married  again.  In  1873 
he  was  appointed  Governor  of  New  Zea- 
land, but  resigned  the  next  year. 

FINNISS,  Hon.  Boyle  Traters,  was 
horn  at  sea,  off  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 


August  18,  1807  ;  was  educated  by  Dr. 
Chaj-les  Parr  Bumey,  Greenwich,  and  sub- 
sequently at  the  Royal  Military  College, 
Siuidhurst,  where  he  attained  the  position 
of  senior  responsible  under  officer,  and  was 
selected  as  one  of  six  gentlemen  cadets,  dis- 
tinguished for  good  conduct  and  diligence 
in  study,  to  be  appointed  to  commissions  in 
the  Army,  in  May,  1825.  Ensign  Finniss 
was  accordingly  gazetted  to  the  88th  Regi- 
ment, but  on  the  same  date  obtained  a  com- 
mission in  the  56th,  the  Horse  Guardsbeing 
unaware  that  they  had  appointed  the  same 
person  to  the  two  commissions.  He  elected 
to  remain  in  the  56th  ;  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy  in  March,  1827,  and  removed 
to  the  82nd  Regiment  in  June  of  the  same 
year.  In  1835  he  sold  his  commission  for 
the  purpose  of  settling  in  New  South 
Wal.es  under  the  Emigration  Order  of 
August  25,  1834,  and  obtained  the  usual 
certificate  entitling  him  to  a  grant  of 
land  as  a  military  settler  in  that  colony. 
He,  however,  abemdoned  his  intention  of 
proceeding  to  New  South  Wales,  in  con- 
sequence of  being  appointed  Assistant  Sur- 
veyor under  Colonel  Light,  to  proceed  to 
South  Australia,  where  he  arrived  Sep- 
tember 11,  1836.  ,  He  was  appointed 
Deputy  Surveyor-General  in  1840  by  the 
Governor,  Colonel  Gawler.  On  the  reduc- 
*  tions  made  in  the  Civil  Service  by  the  next 
Grovemor,  Mr.  (now  Sir)  George  Grey, 
Mr.  Finniss  left  the  service  for  a  time, 
but  in  1843  was  appointed  Commissioner 
of  Police  and  Police  Magistrate.  In  1846 
he  received  the  joint  appointments  of 
Colonial  Treasurer  and  Registrar-General, 
and  was  consequently  a  Member  of  the 
Executive  and  Legislative  Councils.  In 
1848  he  was  promoted  by  the  Governor,  Sir 
H.  E.  F.  Young,  to  the  Colonial  Secretary- 
ship, which  appointment  was  confirmed  by 
the  Imperial  Government.  As  leader  of 
the  Legislative  Council,  he  carried  the  new 
Parliament  Bill  in  1853.  But  it  was  dis- 
allowed in  consequence  of  a  numerously 
signed  petition  to  the  Queen  objecting  to 
the  construction  of  the  Upper  House,  the 
Members  of  which  were  to  be  nominated  by 
the  Queen  for  life,  with  reservation  to  the 
Governor  to  add  to  their  numbers  in  case 
of  political  necessity  arising.  As  Colonial 
Secretary,  Mr.  Finniss  carried  through  the 


66 


FISHER--FITZOERALD 


Legislative  Council  the  present  Constitu- 
tion Act,  constituting  an  Upper  Chamber 
of  18  Members,  one-third  of  whom  were 
to  retire  every  four  years,  the  longest  term 
of  office  being  twelve  years,  except  in  cases 
of  re-election.  On  December  20,  1854, 
the  Governor,  Sir  H.  K  F.  Yoimg,  being 
recalled,  left  the  Province  before  the 
arrival  of  his  successor,  and  Mr.  Finniss 
became  Acting  Grovemor,  which  position 
he  held  until  June  7,  1855,  when  Sir 
R.  G.  MacDonnell  arrived  and  assumed 
the  Grovemment.  On  the  election  of  the 
first  South  Australian  Parliament  under 
the  new  Constitution  Act  of  1855,  Mr. 
Finniss,  who  had  been  appointed  Chief 
Secretary  and  head  of  the  first  ministry, 
took  his  seat  as  one  of  the  Members  elected 
for  the  city  of  Adelaide.  The  following 
measures  were  introduced  by  him  and 
carried  : — ^The  Waterworks  Act,  for  sup- 
plying the  city,  the  Municipal  Corpora- 
tion Act,  the  Gawler  Railway  Act, 
&c.  He  raised  a  company  of  Volunteers 
called  the  Adelaide  Marksmen,  and  organ- 
ised a  Volunteer  Force  of  2,000  men, 
under  the  Act  of  1853.  He  was  sub- 
sequently appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel 
commanding  the  Adelaide  Volunteer 
Regiment.  In  the  early  part  of  1864 
Mr.  Finniss  was  appointed  Government 
Resident  of  the  Northern  Territory.  He 
proceeded  to  Adam  Bay  with  a  party  of 
forty-one,  and  selected  a  site  for  the  capital 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Adelaide  River ;  but 
much  opposition  was  raised  to  this  selec- 
tion, and  Mr.  Finniss  was  recalled  in 
November,  1865,  and  an  official  inquiry 
into  the  selection  of  the  site  and  his  man- 
agement of  the  Settlement  generally  took 
place.  On  the  report  of  the  Commission 
being  sent  in  to  the  Government,  he  was 
compelled  to  tender  his  resignation.  In 
the  year  1866,  Mr.  Finniss  received 
from  the  Queen  the  personal  title  of 
Honorable,  in  recognition  of  his  past 
services  in  the  Executive  Council  and  in 
the  Ministry.  In  1875  he  was  appointed 
a  Member  of  the  Forest  Board,  an  office 
which  he  still  retains.  In  May,  1876, 
he  was  appointed  Acting  Auditor-General 
for  twelve  months,  during  the  absence  of 
the  Auditor-General,  Mr.  G.  W.  Hitchin, 
on  leave. 


FISH£R,  Sir  Jaiibs  Hurtle,  Knight, 
South  Australia,  was  bom  in  England, 
about  1790,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law.  In  the  year  1836,  on  the  foond- 
ing  of  the  Colony  of  South  Australia,  he 
received,  direct  from  the  Crown,  theappoint- 
ment  of  Resident  Commissioner  for  Crown 
Lands,  and  arrived  in  the  colony  with 
Gk>vemor  Hindmarah,  December  28, 1836. 
In  1838  he  became  President  of  tke 
School  Society,  and  for  many  years  he 
took  a  lively  interest  in  the  cause  of 
education.  In  1840  he  was  elected  the 
first  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Adelaide,  and 
gave  such  general  satisfaction  in  that 
capacity  that  he  was  five  times  re-elected 
to  the  civic  chair,  the  last  occasion  being 
in  1853.  From  an  early  period  he  was 
a  patron  and  ardent  promoter  of  sport, 
especially  of  racing,  and  was  for  a  number 
of  years  President  of  the  Jockey  Club. 
For  many  years  he  held  with  honour  the 
position  of  Chairman  to  the  Bench  of 
Magistrates,  and  oonmianded  universal 
respect  by  his  urbanity  and  impartiality. 
In  the  year  1851  he  was  presented  with  a 
handsome  service  of  pUte,  in  recognition  of 
his  valuable  services  to  the  colony.  In 
1853  Mr.  Fisher  was  elected  Member  for 
West  Adelaide,  in  place  of  Mr.  A  L 
Elder,  who  had  left  for  I^huid.  In  1855 
he  entered  the  Council  as  a  nominee  of  the 
Government,  and  was  unanimously  chosen 
Speaker.  On  the  first  electionfor  the  Upper 
House  the  Hon.  Mr.  Fisher  was  returned 
to  that  branch  of  the  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  first  President  of  the  new  Legisk- 
tive  Council,  a  position  he  held  until 
advancing  age  and  infirmity  compelled 
him  to  retire.  In  1860  he  received  the 
honour  of  knighthood  from  Her  Majesty. 
He  died  in  January,  1875,  at  the  ripe  old 
age  of  85  years,  universally  beloved  and 
respected.  ]SIr.  C.  B.  Fisher,  the  well- 
known  stockowner,  is  his  eldest  son. 

FITZGERALD,  John  Fitzoerau) 
Foster  Vesey,  the  second  son  of  John 
Leslie  Foster,  Baron  of  the  Irish  Court  of 
Exchequer,  and  grandson  of  the  Bishop  of 
Clogher,  and  great-grandson  of  Right 
Hon.  A.  Foster,  Lord  Chief  Baron  Irnh 
Exchequer,  was  born  in  Dublin,  in  1818. 
He  assumed  the  names  of  Yesey  and 
Fitzgerald  in  complii^ce  with  the  will  of 


FITZGERALB— WTZPATRICK. 


67 


his  uncle,  Lord  Fitzgerald  and  Yesey. 
He  graduated  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
and  afterwards  came  to  Australia  in  1840, 
wliere  he  met  his  first  cousin,  Mr.  (now 
&)  William  Foster  8tawell,  present  Chief 
Jujitice  of  that  colony.  Mx.  Fitzgerald 
was  Colonial  Secretary  under  the  old 
Constitution,  but  resigned  whilst  the  new 
Constitution  was  on  its  way  out,  and  thus 
forfeited  the  pension  attached  to  the  office. 
He  was  Acting  Governor  of  Yictoria  in 
1854,  and  again  Colonial  Secretary  under 
responsible  Groyemment,  in  Mr.  (now  Sir) 
John  O'Shanassy's  Ministry. 

FITZGERALD,  Hon.  Nicholas, 
M.LC.,  eighth  son  of  the  late  Francis  Fitz- 
gerald, a  w^-known  brewer  in  the  west  of 
Ireland,  was  bom  in  Galway  in  1829.  He 
entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  in  1846, 
where  he  obtained  honours.  '  He  also 
obtained  a  first  scholarship  in  1849,  at  the 
Que«i*s  College,  Galway.  Entered  the 
Queen's  Inn,  Dublin,  in  1848,  and  studied 
for  the  Bar,  but  in  1852  adopted  commer- 
cial pursuits,  and  after  passing  some  years 
in  Ceylon  and  India  came  to  Yictoria  in 
1859.  A  few  months  afterwards  he 
established  the  famous  Castlemaine  ale 
brewery,  and  has  now,  in  Melbourne, 
New  South  Wales,  and  Queensland,  largo 
establishments  of  the  same  kind.  Mr. 
Fitzgerald  was  appointed  a  territorial 
magistrate  in  1863,  and  was  elected  to  the 
Victorian  Legislative  Council,  after  a  severe 
contest,  for  the  North-western  Province, 
and  was  again  returned  for  the  same 
province  in  1874.  About  this  time  he 
visited  England  without  resigning  his 
seat,  and  after  a  short  absence  returned  to 
Vietoria  to  resume  both  his  legislative  and 
bosinesB  duties.     He  is  an  able  debater. 

FTTZGIBBON,  Edmond  Gerald,  Town 
Clerk  of  Melbourne,  a  native  of  Cork, 
▼as  at  an  early  age  employed  in  Eng- 
land under  the  Committee  of  the  Privy 
Council  on  Education.  He  arrived  in 
Melbourne  in  September,  1852,  and  after 
&  year  at  the  Mount  Alexander  gold- 
<iigging8  was  appointed  Header  to  the 
legislative  Council.  He  remained  in 
that  position  until  1854,  when  he  was 
appointed  to  assist  Mr.  Kerr,  the  Town 
Cierk  of  Melbourne.  On  Mr.  Kerr's 
resoj^Oiation  in  1856  he  was  appointed  his 


successor.  He  was  called  to  the  Bar  in 
1860.  In  1861  he  unsuccessfully  coor 
tested  South  Bourke  in  the  Free-Tiade 
interest.  In  his  canvass  he  advocated 
assisted  immigration,  abolition  of  State-aid 
to  religion,  and  secular  education  with 
facilities  for  religious  teaching.  In  1874 
he  married  Miss  Dawson,  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  Michael  Dawson,  and  obtaining  a 
year's  leave  of  absence  made  an  extensive 
tour  through  Europe. 

FITZ  HERBERT,  Sie  William, 
K.C.M.G.,  was  educated  at  Cambridge, 
being  a  Fellow  of  Queen's  College,  smd 
holds  a  diploma  from  the  Royal  College  of 
Physicians,  London.  In  1842  he  emi- 
grated to  New  Zealand.  In  1864  he  was 
appointed  Treasurer,  but  resigned  in  1865 ; 
re-appointed  in  1866,  a^d  in  1867  went  to 
England  as  special  Agent  for  the  colony. 
He  is  Speaker  of  the  Assembly. 

FITZPATRICK,  Michael,  M.L.  A.,  was 
bom  at  Parramatta  December  16,  1816, 
being  the  youngest  of  four  sons.  In 
his  infancy  his  parents  came  to  reside  in 
Sydney,  where  he  has  with  a  trifling  excep- 
tion passed  his  Ufa  His  earliest  tuition 
was  at  the  Roman  Catholic  school  con< 
nected  with  the  church  of  St.  Joseph  on 
the  site  of  the  new  cathedi'aL  In  the 
early  part  of  1829  he  was  placed  at  Cap- 
tain Beveridge's  mercantile  academy  in 
Princes-street,  Sydney,  where  he  was  the 
cotemporary  of  the  Hon.  George  Thornton, 
Mr.  Merriman,  (the  late  Mayor  of  Sydney), 
Alderman  Palmer,  and  other  prominent 
citizens.  In  the  first  year  of  his  studies 
under  Captain  Beveridge  he  took  the 
highest  honours  after  the  severe  exam- 
ination customary  at  that  academy — one  of 
his  examiners  being  the  Rev.  Ralph  Mans- 
field. In  the  December  examinations  of 
1830  and  1831  he  essily  won  the  first 
honours.  In  January,  1832,  he  entered 
the  Australian  College,  then  just  opened 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Lang. 
Here  he  soon  won  the  special  regard  of  the 
highly  talented  classical  master,  the  late 
Rev.  Henry  Carmichael,  between  whom  and 
the  pupil  there  grew  up  a  strong  personal 
attachment  which  was  unbroken  until 
the  death  of  the  former.  Here  also  Mr. 
Fitzpatrick  had  an  uninterrupted  success, 
carrying  off  the  highest  prizes  in  nearly 


66 


FTTZROY. 


every  department  In  1835  the  Hev.  H. 
CSarmichael,  having  severed  his  connection 
with  the  Australian  College  in  consequence 
of  some  disagreement  with  Dr.  Lang, 
started  an  educational  establishment  of 
his  own,  called  the  Normal  Institution, 
in  Elizabeth-street,  Sydney,  and  took  his 
favourite  pupil  with  him  as  an  usher.  In 
his  new  vocation  Mr.  Fitzpatrick  laboured 
assiduously  for  nearly  tlunee  years,  being 
for  the  greater  part  of  that  time  the  fellow- 
student  in  private  studies  of  the  Hon. 
Qeoffirey  Eagar ;  but  some  reasons  occur- 
ring to  give  him  a  distaste  for  the  duties 
of  tutor,  in  which  capacity  he  had  been 
very  successful,  in  October,  1837,  he 
entered  the  Civil  Service  of  the  colony  as  a 
derk  in  the  Lands  department  There 
under  the  late  G.  W.  Newcombe,  Mr. 
Fitzpatrick's  advancement  in  the  Civil 
Service  was  very  rapid.  He  was  placed 
on  the  fixed  establi^mient  after  examin- 
ation early  in  1839,  and  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  first-class  clerk  in  1846.  In 
1851  he  was  appointed  to  the  important 
office  of  Clerk  of  the  Executive  Council 
From  a  very  early  period  of  his  ser- 
vice in  the  Secretary's  office  Mr.  Fitz- 
patrick attracted  the  favourable  notice 
of  the  then  Colonial  Secretary,  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Deas  Thomson,  who  honoured  him 
with  his  confidence  in  a  special  manner ; 
and  he  was  so  fortunate  as  to  win 
in  an  equal  degree  the  warm  regard  of 
the  Grovemor,  Sir  C.  A.  Fitzroy,  who 
during  the  absence  in  England  if  Mr. 
Edward  Deas  Thomson,  treated  Mr.  Fitz- 
patrick as  one  of  his  trusted  advisers. 
Even  before  this.  Sir  Ceorge  Gipps  in  a 
despatch  dated  in  1846,  had  submitted  Mr. 
Fitzpatrick's  name  to  the  Secretary  of 
State  as  an  officer  worthy  of  special  pro- 
motion. For  several  years  it  was  a 
rof  Mr.  Fitzpatrick's  duty  to  attend 
Deas  Thomson  in  Parliament  as  a 
sort  of  parliamentary  aide-de-camp  or 
official  referea  On  tiie  introduction  of 
Kesponsible  Government  in  1856,  Mr. 
Fitzpatrick  was  selected  by  Mr.  Jolm  Hay 
as  the  first  Under  Secretary  for  Lands 
and  Works,  these  two  departments  being 
at  that  time  associated  under  one  Minister, 
and  on  the  severance  of  these  departments 
he  continued  to  hold  the  office  of  Under 


Secretary  for  Lands  until  he  finally  quitted 
the  service.  Towards  the  close  of  the 
year  1869  Mr.  Fitzpatrick  retired  from 
office  on  a  pension  to.  which  he  was  en- 
titied  by  upwards  of  thirty  years'  service. 
He  offered  himself  as  a  candidate  at 
the  general  election  in  December  of  that 
year,  and  was  returned  practically  on- 
opposed  for  the  district  of  Yass  Plaina 
He  has  been  four  times  returned  for 
the  same  district ;  was  twice  opposed  bnt 
never  defeated.  On  his  entry  into  Par- 
liament Mr.  Fitzpatrick  was  a  firm  sap- 
porter  of  the  Cowper-Robertson  party, 
with  whom  he  acted  and  voted  until  "Mj, 
(now  Sir)  John  Bobertson  joined  Mr.  James 
Martin.  Thereafter  he  voted  consistently 
with  the  party  of  which  Mr.  Henry  Parkes 
became  the  head.  Mr.  Fitzpatrick  was 
two  or  three  times  offered  a  portfolio  but 
always  declined,  until  the  formation  of  the 
Famell  government,  in  which  adminis- 
tration he  held  the  office  of  Colonial 
Secretary.  In  politics  Mr.  Fitzpatrick  is 
a  LibenJ.  He  is  a  pronounced  and  con- 
sistent free-trader;  hsjs  always  been  a 
supporter  of  the  Public  School  system; 
and  an  advocate  for  immigration  from  the 
mother  country.  In  August,  1846,  Mr. 
Fitzpatrick  was  married  to  Theresa  Anas- 
tasia,  third  daughter  of  Captaru  Snoall,  at 
one  time  Superintendent  of  Hyde  Park 
Barracks.  He  has  four  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

FITZROY,  Sir  Charles  Augustus, 
K.C.B.,  Grovemor  of  New  South  Wales, 
was  the  third  son  of  General  Lord  Charles 
Fitzroy,  who  was  brother  of  the  first  Duke 
of  Grsiton.  He  was  married  in  1820,  to 
Mary,  fourth  daughter  of  the  f ourt^i  Duke 
of  Bichmond.  Previous  to  his  appoint- 
ment as  Governor  of  New  South  Wales, 
he  had  been  Grovemor  of  Prince  Edward's 
Island  and  Commander-in-Chief  of  Antigua 
and  the  adjacent  islands  of  the  West 
Indies.  He  arrived  in  Australia  in 
H.M.S.  "Carysfort^"  August  2,  1846, 
and  was  sworn  in  as  Grovemor-General 
on  the  following  day.  In  character  be 
was  quite  the  opposite  to  his  predecessor, 
Sir  Cieorge  Gipps,  careless  in  government, 
yet  good  tempered  and  amiable.  The 
Sydney  Council  is  said  to  have  managed 
everytJiing    according    to    its   judgment, 


FLAI^rAGAN— FLINDEBS. 


69 


witliout  interference  from  the  Gk>vemor ; 
be  was  glad  to  be  rid  of  State  troubles, 
and  the  colonists  were  delighted  to  have 
their  own  way.  To  the  great  grief  of  the 
whole  colony,  Lady  Mary  Fitzroy  was 
killed  at  Parramatta  in  December,  1847. 
GoTemor  Fitzroy  visited  the  Moreton  Bay 
district  in  1854.  The  Constitution  Act, 
giving  Responsible  Government  to  New 
South  Wales,  was  passed  during  his  admi- 
nistration, as  was  also  the  equally  impor- 
tant event,  the  separation  of  Port  Phillip 
district  from  New  South  Wales.  Previous 
to  his  departure,  January  28,  1856, 
Governor  Fitzroy  received  a  present  of 
2,000  guineas  from  the  colonists.  He 
died  in  London  in  1858. 

FLANAGAN,  EoDEBiCK,wasbomnear 
Elphin,  County  Eoscommon,  Ireland,  in 
April,  1828.  His  parents  with  a  numerous 
&niily  emigrated  to  New  South  Wales  in 
the  year  1840,  and  settled  in  Sydney,  where 
Roderick  Flanagan  received  his  educational 
training  from  a  Mr.  Kyder,  who  conducted 
a  classical  and  commercial  school  in  York- 
street  In  the  14th  year  of  his  age  Mr. 
Flanagan  was  bound  apprentice  to  a  master 
printer  named  Jones  (whose  establishment 
was  in  Bridge-street),  with  whom  he 
completed  his  indentures,  and  afterwards 
hecame  attached  to  the  Feaple^a  Advocate, 
▼here  his  literary  powers  received  their 
first  active  development.  He  subsequently 
worked  on  the  Empire,  when  imder  the 
editorship  of  Mr.  (now  Sir)  Henry  Parkes. 
Daring  the  two  years  he  was  engaged  on 
that  journal  he  contributed  Several  articles 
in  poetry  and  prose  to  the  Advocate^  Free- 
marCs  Journal,  and  other  newspapers,  and 
finally,  in  conjunction  with  his  brother,  Mr. 
Edward  F.  Flanagan,  he  published  a  weekly 
newspaper  imderthe  name  of  The  Civronicle, 
which,  however,  only  survived  six  months, 
but  which,  nevertheless,  tended  greatly  to 
his  training  as  a  professional  literary  man. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  reporting 
staff  of  the  Empire  in  1852,  of  which  he 
hecame  subsequently  the  chief.  It  was 
during  this  connection  that  he  for  the  first 
time  touched  on  historical  subjects  in  a 
scries  of  essays  on  the  aboriginals,  dealing 
with  their  manners,  customs,  and  the 
nustake  made  in  the  treatment  they  had 
received  at  the  hands  of  the  colonists.    In 


1854  Mr.  Flanagan  joined  the  literary 
corps  of  th^  Sydney  Morning  Herald,  and 
a  year  later  he  began  to  grapple  with  the 
numerous  facts  and  complex  events  that 
tend  to  form  the  history  of  New  South 
Wales.  He  worked  laboriously  at  this 
task  for  nearly  four  years,  and  had  at 
length  brought  the  undertaking  to  such  a 
shape  as  to  justify  him  in  proceeding  with 
his  MSS.  to  London.  He  left  Sydney  by 
the  ship  "Essex,"  in  November,  1860, 
and  arrived  at  his  destination  the  following 
February,  where  he  soon  made  arrange- 
ments with  the  well-known  publishing 
house  of  Sampson,  Low,  and  Co.  to  issue 
the  History.  Whilst  engaged  revising  the 
early  sheets  of  the  first  volume  he  was 
seized  with  an  illness,  probably  the  result 
of  over-exertion,  that  proved  fatal.  He 
died  suddenly  towards  the  close  of  1861, 
and  was  interred  at  a  cemetery  near 
London,  where  a  suitable  monument  has 
since  been  erected  to  his  memory. 

FLETCHER,  Rev.  Joseph  Henry, 
was  bom  in  the  West .  Indies,  where  his 
father  was  a  missionary,  about  the  year 
1824.  He  was  educated  at  Elingswood, 
in  England,  at  the  old  Methodist  school, 
and  having  passed  the  usual  term  at  the 
Richmond  Theological  Institution,  he 
came  out  to  the  colonies  in  the  year  1849, 
and  has  laboured  in  New  Zealand, 
'Queensland,  and  New  South  Wales, 
chiefly  in  presiding  over  collegiate  estab- 
lishments, particularly  at  Newington, 
Parramatta  River.  In  1874,  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  first  New  South 
Wales  and  Queensland  Conference  of  the 
Wesleyan  Methodist  Church. 

FLINDERS,  Matthew,  bom  at  Don- 
ington,  Lincolnshire,  March  16, 1774,  and 
educated  there  at  Cowley's  Free  Grammar 
School,  and.  by  the  Rev.  John  Shinglar, 
at  HorbHng.  He  was  intended  for  his 
father's  profession,  that  of  medicine,  but 
nothing  could  check  his  desire  to  go  to 
sea,  which  arose  (he  himself  said)  from 
reading  "Robinson  Cmsoe."  In  May, 
1790,  he  joined  the  "Scipio,"  Captain 
Pasley,  and  shortly  after  went  a  voyage 
with  Captain  Bligh,  in  the  "  Providence," 
to  the  South  Sea  Islands.  This  voyage 
gave  him  the  taste  for  adventure  and 
discovery  for  which  he  was  afterwards 


70 


FOSBSa 


distinguished.  On  his  return,  at  the  end 
of  1793,  he  rejoined  his  old  captain  in  the 
"  Bellerophon,"  and  was  present  at  Lord 
Howe's  victory,  the  glorious  June  1, 
1794.  In  August  of  that  year  he  joined 
the  "  Reliance,"  which  brought  out  to 
New  South  Wales  Captain  Hunter,  the 
second  Governor.  They  arrived  in  Sep- 
tember, 1796.  Within  a  month  he  started 
with  Bass  and  a  boy  in  a  whaleboat,  ap- 
propriately named  the  "  Tom  Thumb,"  and 
explored  Botany  Bay,  ascending  twenty 
miles  further  up  George's  Biver  than  had 
been  previously  reached.  In  March,  1796, 
they  again  set  out  on  their  daring  dis- 
coveries and  explored  the  Illawarra  coast 
in  the  same  boat.  In  September,  1797,  he 
sailed  in  command  of  the  ^*  Norfolk,"  a  sloop 
built  in  Tasmania:  He  circumnavigated 
Tasmania^  exploring  its  coasts.  In  July, 
1799,  he  explored  the  coast  to  t]ie  north 
as  far  as  Breaksea  Spit  and  Harvey's  Bay, 
but  unfortunately  felled  to  discover  the 
rivers  that  exist  on  this  line  of  coast.  He 
returned  to  England  in  the  "Reliance" 
in  1800.  In  1801  he  was  appointed  to 
the  "Investigator"  for  a  voyage  of  ex- 
tended and  scientific  exploration  of  Aus- 
tralia. On  September  7,  1801,  Cape 
Leeuwin  was  reached,  and  the  south  cbast 
examined.  In  Encounter  Bay  they  met 
a  French  expedition,  under  Baudin,  bound 
on  the  same  service.  On  April  26,  1802, 
he  entered  Port  Phillip,  which  had  been 
discovered  during  the  previous  February, 
by  Captain  Innes  in  the  "  Lady  Nelson." 
He  arrived  in  Sydney,  May  9,  1802. 
Sailing  again  July  22nd,  he  surveyed  the 
Great  Barrier  Reef  and  also  the  passage 
through  Torres  Straits,  the  Gulf  of  Car- 
pentaria, to  Amhem  Bay,  when  he  was 
compelled  to  proceed  to  Timor  for  pro- 
visions. Returning  from  there,  May  14th, 
he  reached  Cape  Leeuwin,  and  arrived  in 
Sydney  June  9,  1803.  He  then  took  pas- 
sage in'  the  "Porpoise,"  proceeding  to 
England  by  Torres  Straits,  in  company 
withthe"Cato"and  "Bridgewater."  The 
"Cato"  and  "Porpoise"  were  wrecked  on 
the  Barrier  Reef,  and  the  "  Bridgewater  " 
left  them.  He  returned  to  Sydney  in  an 
open  boat,  and  in  a  crazy  schooner,  the 
"  Cmnberland "  of  29  tons,  returned  to 
the  succour  of  his  shipwrecked  companions. 


He  reached  the  Mauritius,  December  17, 
1803,  and  although  he  had  a  paaspcfrt  from 
the  French  Crovemment,  CreneFal  De  Caen, 
the  Governor,  detained  him  as  a  prisoner, 
on  the  fiimsy  pretence  that  the  pas^rt 
was  for  the  "  Investigator"  and  not  for  the 
"  Cumberland"  He  was  detained  until 
1810,  his  charts  were  taken  from  him  and 
the  information  appropriated  to  Baudin's 
expedition.  On  reaching  England,  he 
wrote  his  "  Account  of  a  Voyage  to  Terra 
Australia,"  which  was  published  on  the 
very  day  of  his  death,  July  14,  1814.  He 
married,  in  April,  1801,  Ann,  daughter  of 
Captain  Chappell,  and  had  one  daoght^, 
who  has  a  pension  of  £200  a  year,  be- 
stowed in  1852,  a  graceful  though  some- 
what tardy  recognition  of  his  services,  by 
the  two  colonies  of  Victoria  and  Kew 
South  Wales. 

FOJIBES,  Sir  Francis,  first  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  New  South  Wales,  was  bom  in  the 
Island  of  Bermuda,  in  1784.  He  was 
entered  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  in  1803,  as  a 
student  with  Mr.  Sugden,  afterwards  Lord 
St.  Leonards.  He  was  called  to  the  Bar 
in  1812,  appointed  Attorney  and  Advo- 
cate>G^neraI  at  Bermuda  in  1813,  Chief 
Justice  of  Newfoundland  in  1816,  and 
first  Chief  Justice  of  New  South  Wales 
June  1,  1823,  where  he  arrived  with  his 
family  March  5,  1824.  He  promulgated 
the  new  charter  of  Justice  at  Government 
House,  the  Court-house,  and  the  Market 
Place,  May  17,  1824  ;  took  his  seat  on  the 
Bench  the  same  day.  The  new  Supreme 
Court  of  Criminal  Jurisdiction  was  opened 
under  this  charter  by  Sir  Francis,  June  10, 
1824.  He  was  appointed  to  the  Legislative 
Council  by  sign-manual  August  11,  1825. 
Appointed  to  both  Councils,  Legislative 
and  Executive,  in  1 825.  He  had  the  entire 
organization  of  the  whole  Courts  of  Justice, 
and  by  his  exertions  trial  by  Jury  was 
obtained  in  Quarter  Sessions  October 
14,  1824.  The  first  Court  of  Quarter  Ses- 
sions was  held  November  1,  1824,  and 
the  first  Legislative  Council  August  11» 
1824.  In  1826  it  was  through  his 
strong  remonstrances  that  the  liberty  of 
the  Press  was  preserved.  His  health 
having  given  way  under  his  arduous  duties, 
in  April,  1836,  he  left  for  England. 
He  was    knighted    April   6,    1837,  but 


FORBES— FORSTER 


71 


finding  his  health  not  sufficiently  restored, 
Jie  resigned  his  appointment  in  July,  and 
returned  to  the  colony  the  same  year.  He 
died  at  Leitrim,  near  Sydney,  November 
9, 1841. 

FORBES,  Frederick  Augustus,  was 
born  in  Sydney,  in  1818.  He  was  educated 
by  Mr.  Cape,  and  afterwards  at  King's 
School,  Parramatta.  After  leaving  school 
he  went  to  sea  for  a  time,  and  then  entered 
on  farming  andpastoral  pursuits.  Being  un- 
successful, he  set  up  in  business  at  Liver- 
pool, in  New  South  Wales.  He  married 
in  1844.  In  1848  he  moved  to  the  More- 
ton  Bay  district,  and  took  up  his  residence 
at  Ipswich.  He  was  almost  constantly  in 
tiie  Queensland  Parliament  since  it  was 
first  gammoned.  In  1870,  he  was  chosen 
CSiairman  of  Committees,  and,  in  1872, 
Speaker  of  the  House  6i  Assembly ;  he 
retired  in  1875,  and  died  in  1877. 

FORBES,  Lady  (knight's  widow,) 
Amelia  Sophia,  daughter  of  David  Grant, 
Esq.,  M.D.,  of  Jamaica,  married,  1813, 
Sir  Francis  Forbes,  who  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  New  South  Wales  1823. 
Resides  in  Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 

FORREST,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  bom  at 
BattevEait,  county  Cork,  November  17, 
1S20,  was  educated  at  Bandon  School  and 
Cftrlow  College,  Maynooth,  and  finished  his 
studies  at  the  Gregorian  University,  Rome. 
After  his  ordination,  he  served  on  the  Irish. 
Bttifision  for  fourteen  years.  In  1860  he 
VB8  appointed  Rector  of  St.  John's  College 
in  the  University  of  Sydney,  and  in  Sep- 
tember of  that  year  he  entered  upon  his 
duties.  His  lectures  on  theology,  moral 
sdenoe,  ancient  classics,  and  mathematics 
were  continued  until  1874,  when  he  re- 
signed, and  took  charge  of  the  Balmain 
parish,  N.S.W.,  where  he  now  resides. 

FORREST,  John,  F.R.G.S.,  explorer. 
In  1865  he  entered  the  Survey  depart- 
ment in  Western  Australia;  in  1870, 
commanded  an  exploring  expedition  from 
Perth  to  Adelaide;  in  1874,  commanded 
Ml  exploring  expedition  from  Champion 
Bay  to  the  telegraph  line  to  Port  Darwin. 
For  these  services  he  received  the  thanks 
of  the  Governor  and  Council,  and  the  gold 
medal  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society 
in  1876,  and  also  a  grant  in  fee  of  5,000 
acres  of  land  ;  and  in  the  same  year  was 


appointed    Deputy    Surveyor-General   of 
Western  Australia. 

J^'ORSTER,  Hon.  William,  Agent- 
General  for  New  South  Wales,  bom  at 
Madras,  in  1818,  came  to  Australia  when 
he  was  about  eleven  years  of  age.  Like 
many  of  the  public  men  of  this  colony, 
he  was  a  pupil  of  Mr.  W.  T.  Cape.  At 
an  early  age  he  entered  into  squatting 
pursuits.  Whilst  so  occupied  he  did  n<yb 
neglect  literature.  About  the  time  that 
Mr.  Robertson  was  acting  as  the  delegate 
of  the  squatters,  and  appealing  to  the 
Governor  for  redress,  Mr.  Forster  wrote  a 
satire  having  the  same  end  in  view, 
which  he  published  in  the  Adas  news- 
paper, under  the  title  of  "The  Devil 
and  the  Governor."  In  this  piece  he  dis- 
played his  power  of  using  stinging  words. 
Mr.  Forster  also  wrote  a  satire  entitled 
"The  Genius  and  the  Ghost " — a  dialogue 
between  the  genius  of  Sydney  and  the  ghost 
of  transportation.  During  the  Crimean 
war  he  wrote  a  sonnet  in  more  solemn 
strain,  on  national  grandeur  and  decay. 
But  his  genius  for  satire  has  been  more 
allied  with  the  logic  and  eloquence  of  public 
orations  than  with  the  art  of  versification^ 
in  which  he  has  shown  that  he  can  excel. 
Shortly  after  the  introduction  of  Respon- 
sible Government,  Mr.  Forster  made  him- 
self known  to  the  people  of  this  country 
as  a  leader  in  parliamentary  conflicts.  At 
different  times  he  represented  East  Syd- 
ney, St.  Leonards,  the  Hastings,  Quean- 
beyan,  Ulawarra,  and  Murrumbidgee. 
From  the  time  of  his  entering  Parliament 
Mr.  Forster  was  a  keen  critic  of  the 
Cowper  administration.  Agreeing  with 
that  administration  in  political  principles, 
he  was  ever  on  the  alert  to  detect  incon- 
sistency in  their  practices.  When  the 
Education  question  came  on,  the  denomi- 
national tendencies  of  Mr.  Cowper'a 
scheme  offered  an  opportunity  for  attack. 
That  government  was  defeated,  and  Mr. 
Forster  was  entrusted  with  the  work  of 
forming  a  ministry.  He  associated  with 
himself  Mr.  John  Black  (as  Minister  of 
Lands),  Mr.  Saul  Samuel  (as  TreasurerJ> 
Mr.  G.  Eagar  (as  Minister  for  Works), 
Mr.  E.  Wise,  afterwards  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  (as  Attomey-Greneral),  and 
Mr,    J.    F.    Hargrave,  now  Mr.   Justice 


72 


FOSBERY— FRANCI& 


EEargrave  (as  Solicitor-General).  This 
ministry  was  defeated  on  their  Upper 
House  Electoral  Bill,  and  retired  in 
March,  1860.  Mr.  Eorster  has  not  since 
that  time  been  at  the  head  of  an  adminis- 
tration, although  the  opportunity  of  tak- 
ing that  position  was  offered  to  him  in 
May,  1872,  when  the  Martin  ministry 
was  defeated  on  the  Border  Duties  ques- 
tion. He  was  Colonial  Secretary  in  Mr. 
Martin's  first  ministry,  and  Secretary  for 
Lands  in  Mr.  Bobertson's  second  minis- 
try. From  February  9,  1875,  to  Feb- 
ruaiy  7,  1876,  he  was  Colonial  Treasurer 
in  the  Bobertson  ministry,  and  on  that 
date  was  appointed  Agent-tGreneral  for  the 
Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  resident  in 
London.  Mr.  Forster's  talents  have  been 
chiefly  displayed  in  opposition.  Li  the 
strength  and  culture  of  his  logical  powers 
he  was  foremost  in  Parliament.  Since 
his  residence  in  England  he  has  published 
two  or  three  poetic  works,  notably  "  The 
Weirwolf," — a  tragedy. 

FOSBEBY,  EDMum)  Walcott,  In- 
spector-General of  Police,  N.S.W.,  bom  at 
Wotton,  county  Gloucester,  in  1833,  was 
educated  at  the  Boyal  Naval  School,  New 
Cross.  In  1852  he  came  out  to  Melbourne, 
and  was  admitted  into  the  Police  depart- 
ment. In  1 862,  when  the  New  South  Wales 
PoUce  was  being  reorganized,  he  was  in- 
vited to  assist,  and  was  appointed  secretary 
to  the  Force,  and  Superintendent  and 
Deputy  Inspector-General.  He  was  also 
made  a  Magistrate.  In  1874  he  succeeded 
to  the  Inspector-Generalship  on  the  death 
^f  Captain  M^Lerie.  His  quiet  but  firm 
.ability  has  tended  to  raise  the  status  of  the 
Force. 

FOSTEB,  Hon.  William  John,  M.L.C., 
.bom  at  Bathescar,  coimty  Louth,  Ireland, 
the  seat  of  his  uncle  John  Leslie  Foster, 
Baron  of  the  Irish  Court  of  Exchequer. 
(jSee  Fitzgerald,  J.  Foster  Vesey).  Edu- 
cated at  Cheltenham  College,  England, 
then  numbering  over  500  boys,  where  at 
midsummer,  1849,  he  obtained  the  prizes 
for  Latin  hexameters  and  English  verse 
in  the  head  class.  Matriculated  the  same 
year  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  where  at 
midsummer  Commencement,  1850,  he  ob- 
tained the  Vice-Chancellor's  prize  for 
Greek,  open  to  all  undergraduates.     Took 


University  honours  in  mathematics  or 
classics  or  botl^at  every  Term  examinahinn, 
but  left  the  University  at  the  end  of 
1851  to  travel  abroad ;  arrived  in  Sydney, 
August,  1854;  engaged  for  three  years 
in  farming  pursuit&  In  February,  1858, 
he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  in 
the  chambers  of  A.  T.  Holroyd,  Esq., 
passed  the  examinations  in  the  end 
of  April,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  May 
13th  of  the  same  year.  He  then  com- 
menced a  work  on  the  District  Courts 
Act,  which  he  published  in  May,  1859, 
and  which  continued  to  be  the  standard 
law  book  on  the  subject  until  1870,  when 
it  was  re-written  by  Mr.  Foster,  with  the 
assistance  of  C.  R  R  Murray,  Esq.,  now 
District  Court  Judge.  In  1877  he  pub- 
lished a  supplement  to  the  same  work. 
Appointed  Crown  Prosecutor  July,  1859 ; 
resigned  in  1862 ;  reappointed  in  1864. 
He  declined  several  offers  of  District 
Judgeships  in  Queensland  and  New  South 
Wales,  including  the  Metropolitan  Judge- 
ship of  Sydney.  In  1870  he  was  appointed 
Crown  Prosecutor  for  Sydney,  in  Heu  of 
Edward  Butler,  Esq.,  who  resigned  and 
became  Attorney-General  in  the  ministry 
of  Mr.  Parkes.  In  December,  1877,  Mr. 
Foster  resigned  the  Crown  Prosecutorship 
and  joined  the  Famell  administration  as 
Attorney-General  with  a  seat  in  the  Legis- 
lative Council.  He  has  been  a  representa- 
tive member  of  the  Church  of  England 
Diocesan  Synod  of  Sydney,  also  of  the 
Provincial  Synod  of  New  South  Wales, 
and  of  the  General  Synod  of  Australia, 
since  these  S3mods  were  instituted.  •  Mr. 
Foster's  mother  was  a  cousin  of  the  great 
Duke  of  Wellington. 

FRANCIS,  Hon.  James  Goodall, 
ex-Chief  Secretary  of  Victoria,  bom 
in  London  in  1819;  in  his  fifteenth  year 
he  emigrated  to  Tasmania.  There  he 
entered  the  firm  of  Boys  and  Painter.  He 
remained  in  it  imtil  1847,  when  the  busi- 
ness passed  into  liis  hands  and  those  of 
his  partner  Mr.  Macpherson,  with  whom 
he  was  long  afterwards  successfully  con- 
nected in  trade.  In  1853,  shortly  after 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  Victoria,  tihe  firm 
opened  a  branch  establishment  in  Mel- 
bourne, under  the  management  of  Mr. 


FRANKLIN. 


73 


Francis,  who  lienoefoiih  resided  in  that 
city,  where  he  soon  became  one  of  the 
lead^  merchants.  He  was  elected  a 
director  of  ihe  Bank  of  New  South  Wales 
in  1855.  He  is  a  very  old  member  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  of  which  he  was 
Vice-President  in  1856,  and  President  in 
1857 ;  and  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
formation  of  the  Victoria  Sugar  Company. 
Though  frequently  invited  to  do  so  he 
took  no  part  in  politics  in  Tasmania,  but 
in  October,  1859,  was  returned  to  the 
Yictonan  L^islative  Assembly  for  Each- 
mond.  Shortly  afterwards  he  accepted 
office  as  Commissioner  for  Public  Works, 
under  the  late  Mr.  Nicholson,  and  on  the 
resignation  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  C.  King, 
became  Commissioner  for  Trade  and  Cus- 
toms in  the  first  M'Culloch  administration, 
a  position  which  he  next  exchanged  forthat 
of  Treasurer  in  the  same  government.  He 
voted  for  the  rerision  of  the  tariff  1865-6 
in  the  direction  of  Protection,  and  sup- 
ported its  being  tacked  to  the  Appropria- 
tion BilL  He  also  voted  in  favour  of  the 
proposed  grant  to  Lady  Darling.  He  led 
the  Opposition  during  the  latter  part  of 
the  Dufiy  administration^  and  when  Sir 
Charles  was  defeated  in  June,  1872,  he 
(Mr.  Francis)  was  sent  for  by  the  Governor. 
He  experienced  but  little  difBculty  in 
forming  a  Crovemme^t,  and  on  the  19th 
of  the  following  July  he  met  Parliament 
with  a  strong  party.  During  his  Adminis- 
tration several  measures  were  added  to 
the  Statute  Book,  and  amongst  the  most 
important  of  them  were  those  author- 
iiLDg  the  construction  of  railways  from 
Melbourne  to  Sale,  Ararat  to  Stawell  and 
Hamilton,  Hamilton  to  Portland,  Sand- 
horst  to  Inglewood,  Maryborough  to 
Avoca,  and  Geelong  to  Colac,  the  whole ' 
being  estimated  to  cost  about  £2,250,000. 
Most  of  these  are  already  completed  and 
the  rest  are  in  course  of  construction.  He 
^  passed  through  the  Assembly  an 
Electoral  Bill,  and  a  Bill  to  legalise  mining 
on  private  property,  but  both  were  thrown 
out  by  the  Council.  He  introduced  to 
the  Assembly  what  was  known  as  the 
^ocwegian  scheme  for  the  settlement  of 
differences  between  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Chambers ;  but  as  it  did  not  meet  with 
the   amount    of    support   which   he  had 


anticipated,  he  resigned  July  28,  1874, 
after  having  acted  for  nearly  twenty- 
six  months  as  Chief  Secretary.  He  was 
succeeded  by  the  Hon.  George  B.  Kerferd. 
For  the  benefit  of  his  health,  which  had 
been  somewhat  impaired  by  too  close  atten- 
tion to  business,  Mr.  Francis  (accoi^panied 
by  several  members  of  his  family)  paid  a 
protracted  visit  to  Europe,  where  he  still 
endeavoured  to  promote  the  interests  of 
Victoria  with  regard  to  improved  postal 
service  and  other'  matters.  On  return- 
ing, much  improved  in  health,  he  was  cor- 
dially welcomed  back  by  a  large  number 
of  hiis  old  friends,  and  on  th6  occasion  of 
the  next  election  was  pressed  to  come  for- 
ward for  Kichmond,  but  refused  to  do  so. 
Fortune  has  favoured  his  pastoral  ven- 
tures, which  were  on  a  large  scale,  and 
from  his  extensive  vineyards  at  Sunbury 
he  annually  turned  out  large  quantities  of 
high-class  wines.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
popular  Chief  Secretaries  that  ever  held 
ofEice  in  Victoria.  He  has  three  times 
refused  the  honour  of  knighthood. 

FRANKLIN,  Sir  John,  the  distin- 
guished English  navigator,  was  bom  at 
Spilsbury,  Lincolnshire,  1786.  In  1800  he 
entered  the  Boyal  Navy  as  a  midshipman. 
In  1806  he  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Tra- 
falgar, in  1814  at  that  of  New  Orleans,  and 
in  1819  was  appointed  to  head  an  overland 
expedition  from  Hudson's  Bay  to  the 
Arctic  Ocean.  After  suffering  many  hard- 
ships, and  being  frequently  on  the  verge 
of  death  from  hunger  and  fatigue,  he 
reached  home  in  1822,  when,  in  the  follow- 
ing year,  he  married  a  Miss  Porden,  the 
daughter  of  an  architect,  and  the  au- 
thor of  several  poetical  effusions.  In  1825 
he  submitted  to  Lord  Bathurst  a  plan 
"  for  an  expedition  overland  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Mackenzie  Kiver,  and  thence  by  sea 
to  the  N.W.  extremity  of  America,  with 
the  combined  object  also  of  surveying  the 
coast  between  the  Mackenzie  and  Cop- 
permine Rivers."  This  proposition  was 
accepted,  and,  six  days  afterwards  he  left 
Liverpool  In  the  same  year,  his  ivif  e  died. 
In  1826  Captain  Franklin  arrived  at 
Liverpool,  where  he  was  married  a  second 
time,  and  in  1829  had  the  honour  of 
knighthood  conferred  upon  him.  In  1837 
he  was  appointed  Grovemor  of  VanDiemen's 


T4 


YRAJSKUS—FRABER. 


Land,  which  office  he  held  until  1843. 
In  1845  Sir  John  set  out  on  a  third  expe- 
dition with  two  ships  called  the  "  Erebus" 
and  "  Terror,"  and  spent  his  first  winter  in 
a  core  between  Cape  Riley  and  Beechy 
Island.  After  that  period  many  expedi- 
tions were  despatched,  both  from  England 
and  America,  in  search  of  Sir  John,  of 
whom  there  were  no  tidings,  and  not  until 
1854  did  the  intelligence  reach  England 
that  the  brave  navigator  and  his  heroic 
companions  had,  in  all  probability,  perished 
in  the  winter  of  1850-51.  This  intelli- 
gence, however,  wanted  confirmation,  and 
Lady  Franklin,  who  deserves  all  praise  for 
the  intelligent  persistency  of  her  efforts, 
resolved  to  have  the  mystery  cleared  up 
as  to  whether  her  gallant  husband  had 
really  met  the  fate  which  it  was  generally 
believed  he  had.  Accordingly  a  last 
expedition  was  fitted  out,  and  the  melan- 
choly news  was,  in  1857,  at  length  con- 
firmed by  the  return  of  Captain  M*Clin- 
tock,  in  the  yacht  "  Fox,"  after  a  persever- 
ing search  for  the  lost  adventurers.  This 
officer  brought  with  him  indisputable 
proofs  of  the  death  of  Sir  John  and  the 
loss  of  his  crew.  Several  articles  belong- 
ing to  the  unfortunate  explorers  were 
found  at  Koss  Cairn  and  Point  Victory. 
At  the  latter  place  a  record  was  discovered 
wherein  it  was  stated  that  Sir  John 
Franklin  had  died  June  11,  1847. 
Other  traces  were  found  on  the  west  coast 
of  King  William's  Island,  as  the  various 
Burvivors  of  the  expedition  had  strayed 
from  each  other,  perhaps  in  search  of  food 
or  the  means  of  escaping  from  their  dreary 
and  desolate  situation.  To  Sir  John 
Franklin,  however,  belongs  the  merit  of 
having  discovered  the  North-west  Passage, 
the  first  expedition  in  quest  of  which  was 
sent  out  in  1853,  the  last  being  said  to 
have  terminated  only  with  the  discovery 
of  his  remains. 

FRANKLIN,  Lady  Jane,  daughter  of 
John  Griffin,  Esq.,  bom  about  1805,  be- 
came, in  1826,  the  second  wife  of  Sir 
John  Franklin,  and  in  1837  accompanied 
him  to  Van  Diemen's  Land,  on  his  appoint- 
ment to  the  Governorship  of  that  colony. 
In  May,  1839,  she  travefled  overland  from 
Sydney  to  Port  Phillip,  the  latter  settle- 
ment not  having  been  two  years  established. 


When,  nine  years  later,  he  started  on  his 
third  expedition  to  Uie  Northern  Seas,  and 
when  serious  apprehensions  were  first  enter- 
tained respecting  the  fate  of  the  "  Erebns" 
and  **TerTor,"  Lady  Franklin's namebecame 
familiar  to  the  public.  In  thespring  of  1 848 
she  offered  rewards  of  two  thousand  and 
then  three  thousand  pounds  to  any  i)ersott 
discovering  or  affording  relief  to  the  miss- 
ing party,  or  making  any  extraordinaiy 
exertions  with  this  object.     In  1849  she 
addressed  a  moving  appeal  to  the  people  of 
the  United  States,  through  the  President 
of  the  Republic,  for  active  co-operation  in 
the  search,  which  was  nobly  responded  to 
by  Mr.  Grinnell.      In  1850  and  in  subse- 
quent years    Lady    Franklin    fitted    out 
expeditions  (chiefly  at  her  own  cost)  sup- 
plementary to  those  sent  by  the  Govern- 
ment.    Lieutenant  Bellot,  whose  untimely 
end  at   a  later  period,   then  serving  in 
H.M.S.  "  Phanix,"  excited  universal  com- 
miseration, made  his  first  voyage  to  the 
Arctic   Sea  in  one  of  these  expeditions. 
The  result  of  the  eflfbrts  of  Lady  Franklin  in 
sending  out  the  "  Fox"  under  the  command 
of  Captain  (now  Sir)  Leopold  M'Clintodk 
in  1857  are  well  known.     They  brought 
home  proof  that  Sir  John  Franklin  and 
his  party  must  have  perished  as  far  back 
as  June   11,  1847,  not,  however,   before 
they  had  obtained  the  knowledge  that  they 
had  accomplished  that   for    which   they 
were  sent,   namely  the  discovery  of  the 
existence  of  a  North-west  Passage.     The 
House  of  Commons  voted  £8,000  to  ihe 
officers  and  crew  of  the  "Fox,"  and  £2,000 
for   a  statue   of  Sir  John  Franklin,   to 
be   erected  in   London:   and  the  Boval 
Geographical    Society,    in    testimony   of 
their  appreciation  of  Sir  John  Franklin's 
important  geographical   serviijes,   and  of 
his  widow's  persevering  efforts  to  bring 
them   to  light,   conferred   upon   her  the 
honour    and    exceptional    distinction  of 
their  founder's  gold  medal,  at  their  anni- 
versary meeting  in  1860.      Lady  Franklin 
died  in  1877. 

FRASER,  Malcolm,  C.E.,  appointed 
Surveyor  in  the  province  of  Auckland, 
New  Zealand,  in  1857 ;  in  1859  Dwtrict 
Surveyor,  Native  Land  Purchase  depart- 
ment; in  1863  District  Surveyor  in  Can- 
terbury and  on  West  Coast  gold-fields ;  in 


FBAZEIU-GAWLER. 


75 


1867  Chief  Surveyor  for  Westland;  in  1869 
Commissioiier  of  Crown  Lands;  in  1870 
^pointed  Surveyor-Greneral  of  Western 
Australia,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Executive 
and  L^ishitive  Councils  of  that  colony. 

FRAZERyKoN.  John,  M.LC,  was  bom 
at Dromore,. in  Ireland,  in  1826.  He  came 
out  to  New  South  Wales  in  1840.  In 
1847  he  began  business  on  his  own 
account  In  1853  he  married  a  daughter 
of  Mr.  James  Ewan  ;  in  1868  he  retired 
from  business  and  paid  a  visit  to  England ; 
in  1874  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the 
Legislative  CounciL  He  has  always  been 
a  liberal  contributor  to  the  cause  of  educa- 
tion and  other  public  interests,  and  has 
contributed  considerably  to  the  beauty 
of  Sydney  by  the  erection  of  magnificent 
buildings.  He  paid  two  visits  to  Europe 
since  1876,  and  in  that  year  was  entertained 
in  the  Sydney  Exchange  by  his  fellow- 
dHzeos  at  one  of  the  most  influentially 
attended  banquets  ever  held  in  the  colony. 
GAWLER,  Colonel  George,  2nd 
Governor  of  S.  Australia,  bom  in  the 
year  1796,  was  educated  at  the  Military 
College,  Qreat  Marlow.  He  was  the 
(hiIt  child  of  Capt.  Samuel  Qawler,  of  the 
73rd  B^t.,  who  led  one  of  the  storming 
parties  at  the  siege  of  Seringapatam,  and 
vho  died  shortly  afterwards  at  the  early 
age  of  25.  Colonel  Gawler  joined  the  52nd 
light  In&mtry  in  November  1811,  and 
served  to  the  end  of  the  Peninsular  war 
in  1814.  He  led  the  forlorn  hope  at  the 
Arming  of  Badajoz,  was  struck  by  a 
giape  shot  in  the  right  knee  and  fell  from 
the  parapet  into  the  ditch  below,  where  he 
lay  all  night,  but  was  rescued  by  a  private 
o{his  regiment,  who  had  his  own  head 
shot  off  whilst  he  was  in  the  act  of  serving 
^  Ins  officer.  Clolonel  Gawler  commanded 
the  right  company  of  the  52nd  Kegt.  at 
^  Waterloo  when  he  was  under  20  years  of 
F  *^y  and  received  the  war  medal  with 
seven  clasps.  He  was  appointed  Grovemor 
of  South  Australia  in  1838,  and  arrived  in 
the  Colony  on  October  12th  of  that  year. 
He  had  great  difficulties  to  contend  with, 
hut  his  administration,  though  it  was  at 
the  time  condemned  by  many,  was  wiser 
&nd  more  far-seeing  than*  it  was  then 
thought  to  be.  He  was  recalled  in  1841. 
He  died  May,  1869,  at  Southsea,  aged  73. 


GAWLER,  Henbt,  solicitor  to  the 
Lands  Titles  Office,  South  Australia,  was 
bom  at  Quom,  near  Derby,  England,  in 
1827.  His  father  was  Colonel  Gawler  of 
the  52nd  Regiment  Light  Infantry,  and 
second  Governor  of  South  Australia. 
Henry  Gawler  arrived  in  the  colony  with 
his  father  in  the  year  1838,  but  was  sent 
to  England  for  his  education,  which  he  re- 
ceived at  Rugby,  under  Dr.  Tait,  the 
present  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and 
afterwards  at  King's  College,  London, 
where  he  received  the  certificate  of  honour 
for  engineering  and  mathematics.  He 
subsequently  became  a  pupil  of  Peter 
Bellinger  Brodie,  the  celebrated  convey- 
ancing and  property  lawyer,  with  whom 
he  studied  for  three  years,  and  was  called 
to  the  Bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the 
Middle  Temple  in  the  year  1852.  He 
married  in  1857  Caroline  Augusta^ 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  B.  Philpot, .  late 
Archdeacon  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  and  re- 
turned to  South  Australia  early  in  1858. 
In  that  year  the  celebrated  scheme,  initiated 
by  Mr.  R.  R  Torrens,  for  simplifying  the 
legal  mode  of  dealing  with  conveyances  of 
land,  came  into  force,  and  Mr.  Gawler 
received  the  appointment  of  one  of  the 
Solicitors  to  the  Lands  Titles  Commis- 
sioners under  "  Torrens  Act "  which  ap- 
pointment he  still  holds,  and  for  which  his 
previous  training  admirably  fitted  him. 
On  three  different  occasions  Mr.  Gawler 
has,  for  a  short  time,  held  the  office  of 
Attomey-Greneral,  under  the  Act  pro- 
viding for  the  appointment  under  certain 
circumstances  of  an  Attomey-Greneral  not 
holding  a  seat  in  Parliament.  In  the 
year  1870,  Mr.  G«wler  was  specially  sent 
for  by  the  (Government  of  New  Zealand  to 
inaugurate  the  "  Torrens  system,"  for  the 
transfer  of  real  property  in  that  colony,  and 
on  the  conclusion  of  his  labours  he  received 
the  most  flattering  testimonials  from  the 
New  Zealand  Government.  Mr.  Gawler  heis 
written  some  valuable  reports  on  the  theory 
and  practice  of  the  Real  Property  Act  of 
South  Australia,  and  he  is  deservedly  re- 
garded not  only  as  a  trustworthy  champion 
of  the  system  of  transfer  of  land  by  regis- 
tration of  title,  but  also  as  being  perfect  in 
his  practical  knowledge  of  the  operation  of 
the  system  in  South  Australia. 


76 


GEOGHEQAN— GILLIES 


GEOGHEGAN,  Right  Rkv.  Patrick 
BoNAYENTUBE,  D.D.,  seoond  Bishop  of 
Adelaide,  was  bom  at  Dublin  in  the  year 
1811 ;  was  educated  at  Edgeworthstown  ; 
in  his  1 6th  year  entered  the  Irish  College  at 
Lisbon  ;  afterwards  joined  the  Franciscan 
Order  at  Coimbra,  where  he  completed  his 
studies,  and  was  ordained  a  priest  For  a 
few  years  he  officiated  at  St  Francis' 
Church,  Dublin.  In  1839  he  volunteered 
for  the  mission  of  New  Holland,  and  was 
appointed  first  resident  priest  of  Port 
Phillip,  at  that  time  dependent  on  Sydney. 
When  the  present  Archbishop  Goold  was 
appointed  to  the  bishopric  of  Melbourne, 
he  appointed  Dr.  Geoghegan  his  Vicar- 
GeneraJ.  At  the  request  of  the  Bishop 
of  New  Holland  he  was  selected  by  Pius 
IX  to  succeed  Bishop  Murphy.  He  was 
consecrated  September  8,  1859,  and  took 
possession  of  his  see  on  November  1st  of 
that  year,  and  died  at  Kingston,  Dublin, 
May  5,  1865. 

GIBSON,  George  Hebbert,  a  writer, 
whose  pseudonym  is  "  Ironbark,"  bom  at 
Plymouth,  Devon,  England,  August  28, 
1846,  educated  there,  served  articles  with 
his  father,  passed  his  final  examination  as 
a  solicitor  before  the  Incorporate  Law 
Society  in  the  summer  of  1868,  and 
landed  in  Auckland,  New  Zealand,  May 
9,  1869;  visited  New  South  Wales 
and  Queensland,  and  finally  settled  in 
Sydney  in  October,  1875,  and  was. 
admitted  a  solicitor  ikere  December  17, 
1876 ;  wrote  numerous  sketches  in  verse 
for  Sydney  Punch  and  the  Toum  and  Coun- 
try Journaly  1 875-6.  Many  of  these  were 
afterwards  collected  in  a  volume  under 
the  title  "Southerly  Busters,"  and  were 
favourably  criticised. 

GILES,  Ernest,  Explorer,  bom  at  Bris- 
tol, was  educated  at  Christ's  Hospital, 
London,  and  after  leaving  school,  joined 
his  father  and  family  in  South  Australia, 
to  which  colony  they  had  preceded  him. 
In  1852  he  joined  a  party  to  the  diggings, 
and  then  returned  to  his  family  in  Vic- 
toria, whither  they  had  moved,  and  became 
a  clerk  in  the  Post  Office,  Melbourne.  Sir 
Charles  Hotham,  in  1854,  making  some  re- 
trenchments, he  lost  his  post,  but  obtained 
a  situation  in  a  County  Court  This  he 
soon  afterwards  resigned  and  joined  an 


exploring  party  in  Queensland,  and  after 
several  expeditions  in  1872  made  his  first 
great  exploration,  in  which  he  penetrated 
about  250  miles  to  the  westward  of  the 
telegraph  line.  In  1 874  he  made  his  second 
expedition,  in  which  he  reached  700  miles 
further,  and  in  1875  succeeded  in  crossing 
to  Western  Australia^  and  returned  by  a 
more  northern  route  to  the  telegraph  Ime. 

GILES,  William,  Adelaide,  South  Aus- 
tralia, one  of  the  early  settlers,  was  bom 
at  Great  Staughton,  Huntiilgdonshire, 
December  27,  1791,  and  was  educated  at 
the  Eambolton  Grammar  School.  He 
received  an  appointment  under  the  Soutli 
Australian  Company  in  1836-7,  and 
arrived  at  Kangaroo  Island  (where  the 
Company  first  formed  a  settlement),  on 
October  16,  1837,  in  the  barque  "Hart- 
ley," a  vessel  chartered  by  the  S.  A 
Company.  Mr.  Giles  brought  his  wife  and 
eleven  children  to  the  colony  with  him. 
In  1838  he  was  appointed  stipendiary 
magistrate  by  Governor  Hindmarsh,  and 
subsequently  succeeded  Mr.  John  McLaren 
as  general  manager  of  the  S.  A.  Com- 
pany, which  office  he  held  for  upwards  of 
twenty  years.  Mr.  Giles  fought  resolutely 
against  the  attempt  to  introduce  State-aid 
to  religion  in  South  Australia.  The 
colony  is  greatly  indebted  to  him  for  its 
present  condition  of  religious  freedom. 
To  carry  out  his  views  of  perfect  equality 
in  matters  of  religion,  Mr.  Giles  offered 
himself  to  represent  the  district  of 
Yatalla  in  the  year  1851,  and  was  returned 
in  opposition  to  the  State-aid  candidate. 
He  had  the  satisfaction  of  materially  aid- 
ing in  framing  the  new  Constitution  Act, 
which  gave  to  the  colony  universal  suffrage, 
vote  by  ballot,  and  other  political  advan- 
tages. He  was  the  warm  friend  and 
coadjutor  of  the  JElev.  T.  Q.  Stow,  and  a 
very  useful  lay  preacher  in  connection 
with  the  Congregational  body.  He  liber 
ally  assisted  with  his  talents  and  purse 
every  scheme  for  the  religious  and  social 
well-being  of  the  community.  He  died 
in  1861-  in  his  70th  year,  universally 
respected,  and  leaving  behind  him  upwards 
of  fifty  descendants  in  the  colony. 

GILLIES,  Hon.  Duncan,  M.L.A.,  was 
bom  in  Scotland,  came  to  Melbourne  in 
1854,  and  was  concerned  in  several  mining 


GIPPS— GOLDIK 


77 


schemes  at  Ballarat.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  for  Ballarat  West  In  1868 
he  became  Commissioner  for  Lands,  and 
in  1872  again  took  office  as  Commissioner 
for  Bailwajs  and  Iloads,  and  in  1875  as 
Commissioner  for  Crown  Lands  and  Sur- 
vey. He  still  holdfl  a  seat  in  the  Victorian 
Parliament 

GIPPS,  Sib  George,  Knt.  This  gallant 
officer,  formerly  Giovemor  of  New  South 
Wales,  was  a  veteran  of  the  Peninsula. 
His  &rsb   commission    as  a    Lieutenant 
bears  date  January  11,  1809.     He  rose 
through  the  different  grades  to  that  of 
lieatenant-Golonel,  November  23,    1841. 
He  served  in  the  Peninsular  campaigns  to 
the  end  of  the  war.     He  was  at  the  siege 
of  Badajozy  where  he  was  wounded.     He 
was  also  at  the  Pass  of  Biar,  at  the  battle 
4  Castella,  and  at  many  other  brilliant 
triomphs  of  our  armies.     He  receiyed  the 
honour  of  knighthood  in  1835.     In  1837 
he  succeeded    Sir    Richard    Bourke    as 
Governor  of   New  South  Wales.       His 
adminisfration   lasted    from  that    period 
ontil  a  short  time  before  the  arrival  of  his 
succ^sor,  Sir  Charles  Augustus  Fitzroy, 
in  1846.     Sir  Creorge  Gipps's  government 
of  New  South  Wales  was,   it  is  to  be 
regretted,  an  unhappy  one.     Sir  George, 
though  a  man  of  great  intellect,  informa- 
tion, and  integrity,  had  a  somewhat  proud 
and  peremptory  disposition.  Owing  partly 
to  hiis  infirmity  of  temper,   and  partly 
to    the    extremely     embarrassing    state 
of  affiurs  in  the  colony  at  the  time,  the 
Governor  came  into  such  unpleasant  col- 
lision with  his  elective  Legislative  Council, 
that  his  recall  was  the  consequence.    Yet, 
▼hatever  complaint  there  might  be  made 
against  Sir  C^rge's  prudence,  he  retired 
with  his  honour  unsullied  and  the  purity 
of  his  motives  acknowledged.     The  brave 
knight  expired  at  Canterbury,  February 
2S,  1847,  in  the  57th  year  of  his  age. 

GLASS,  Hugh,  was  bom  at  Pontef erry, 
oonnty  Down,  in  1817.  He  was  brought 
up  to  farming,  arrived  in  Port  Phillip  in 
1B40,  and  commenced  farming,  but  soon 
set  up  in  Melbourne  in  the  squatting 
agency  business.  He  was  most  success- 
fnl,  and  at  one  time  owned  or  leased 
inimense  tracts  of  pastoral  country  in 
Australia.     He  died  in  1870. 


GOLDIE,  Andrew,  was  bom  in  May, 
1840,  in  the  pari«h  of  L«rg8,  in  Ayrrf^re, 
Scotland.     His  father  was  steward  to  the 
Earl   of  Glasgow,   and  an  elder  in  the 
Established  Church  (Presbyterian).  When 
Andrew  was  only  four  years  of  age;  his 
parents  removed  to  the  town  of  Millport, 
which  is  situated  in  the  island  of  Cumbrac, 
in  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  and  directly  opposite 
the  coast  of  Ayrshire.     Here  Andrew  was 
sent  to  the  collegiate  institution,  which 
had  been  some  time  previously  liberally 
endowed  by  the  Earl  of  Glasgow,  and  was 
conducted  by  a  first-class  staff  of  professor& 
After  two  years  Andrew  was  placed  at  the 
Brisbane  Academy,  in  the  town  of  Largs. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  sent  to  Edin- 
burgh to  leam  the  nursery  businesa     He 
was  there  for  five  years,  and  then,  actuated 
by  a  desire  of  seeing  the  world,  he  set  sail 
for  New  Zealand,  and  arrived  at  Auckland 
in  1862.     The  New  Zealand  war  had  just 
commenced,  and  everything  in  Auckland 
was  very    unsettled,    so  he  went  south 
to  Christchurch,  returning  again  to  Auck- 
land after  an  interval  of  eighteen  month& 
He   was   engaged  there  in  the   nursery 
business  till  1874,  when  he  went  home 
to   Scotland  on  a  visit     Whilst  in  the 
old  country  he  made  arrangements  with 
B.  S.  Williams,  of  London,  to  visit  the 
South    Sea    Islands,    as    a    collector    of 
plants  and  botanical  specimena     Arriving 
in  Sydney  in  1875,  he  changed  his  in- 
tended destination,  and  resolved  instead  to 
proceed  to  the  little  known  country  of  New 
Guinea.     He  landed  in  New  Guinea  in 
April,  1876,  and  has  remained  there  with 
the  exception  of  two  short  visits  to  Sydney 
ever  since.     His  life  since  that  time  is 
well-known  to  the  publia  He  sailed  along 
the  coast  in  hisBmall  vessel,  the  " Explorer," 
from  Yule  Island  right  along  to  the  most 
south-easterly  point  of  New  Guinea.     He 
added  largerly  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
character  of  the  country  and  of  the  people ; 
whilst  his  observations  regarding  the  reefs 
and  other  dangers  which  impede  the  navi- 
gation of  that  little  known  coast  are  in- 
valuabla     In  the  beginning  of  1878  he 
discovered  two  large  and  safe  harbours, 
suitable  for  vessels  of  the  largest  size,  one 
of  which  he  named  Millport,  in  honour  of 
the  place  where  he  spent  his  early  years, 


78 


GOLDSBROUGH-GOODCHAP. 


and  the  other  Glasgow  harbour,  wMch  he 
named  after  the  Earl  of  Glasgow.  In  this 
▼ojage  he  ran  many  dangers  from  the 
natives,  and  encountered  many  hardships 
from  stress  of  weather  and  want  of  pro- 
visions. In  one  of  his  journeys  inland  in 
October,  1877,  he  discovered  a  large  river, 
which  has  been  named  the  Goldie  Eiver, 
and  found  unmistakable  traces  of  gold. 
He  is  the  first  who  penetrated  any  distance 
inland,  and  in  the  midst  of  difficulties  and 
dangers  scarcely  to  be  realized  except  by 
those  who  have  been  engaged  in  work  of  a 
similar  character.  He  has  added  lai^ly 
to  our  knowledge  of  the  mountain  tribes, 
the  nature  of  the  vegetation,  and  the 
plants  and  animals  of  that  hitherto  inac- 
cessible region.  His  services  to  science 
have  been  acknowledged  by  Baron  Mdller, 
of  Melbourne,  and  other  scientific  men. 
He  has  succeeded  by  his  tact  and  discrimi- 
nation in  securing  in  no  ordinary  degree  the 
good-will  of  the  natives,  and  is  still  pur- 
suing his  researches  and  investigations. 

GOLDSBROUGH,  Richard,  senior 
partner  of  the  firm  of  B.  Goldsbrough  and 
Oa,  wool  merchants,  was  bom  at  Shipley 
in  Yorkshire  in  the  year  1821.  There  are 
few  men  who  have  so  thoroughly  devoted 
themselves  from  earliest  youth  to  the 
occupation  which  was  to  become  the  future 
employment  of  their  lives  as  did  young 
Goldsbrough.  Whilst  employed  in  his 
business  as  a  wool  stapler  in  Bradford, 
where  he  had  been  articled  in  1835,  he  had 
opportunities  for  observing  the  superior 
quality  of  Australian  woola  Gradually 
tJie  idea  of  emigrating  to  this  country,  to 
seek  larger  opportunities  for  canying  on 
the  wool-trade,  commended  itself  to  his 
mind.  In  1847  he  came  out  to  Mel- 
bourne. Mr.  Goldsbrough  resolved  to  look 
about  and  judge  for  himself  as  to  the  most 
favourable  position  for  Jus  future  opera- 
tions, before  settling  down  to  business. 
He  visited  Adelaide  and  the  surrounding 
country,  but  concluded  on  fixing  the  head- 
quarters of  his  business  in  Melbourne. 
Having  obtained  promises  of  trade  from 
several  squatters  in  the  district  of  Port 
Phillip,  now  the  colony  of  Victoria,  he 
started  business  in  the  year  1848,  on  the 
site  of  the  present  Yarra  Yarra  Hotel,  at 
the  comer  of  Market  and  Flinders  streets, 


Melbourne.  In  this  business  he  has  been 
highly  successful  His  brother-in-law,  Mr. 
Hugh  Parker,  soon  joined  him  in  business, 
and  in  1853,  he  joined  Mr.  Edward  Bov 
and  Mr.  George  Kirk  in  starting  the  stock 
and  station  business  of  £  Bow  and  Ca, 
now  Bow,  Kirk,  and  Ca  In  1876  Mr.  J,S. 
Horsf all  was  added  to  the  firm  ;  and  on 
July  1st  of  the  same  year,  Messrs.  David 
and  Arthur  Parker  were  also  received  into 
partnership,  making  the  number  of 
partners  five.  Mr.  Richard  Goldsbrough, 
the  leading  spirit  of  this  great  enterprise, 
amidst  all  his  business  engagements,  has 
retained  the  taste  for  good  horses  and 
horse-racing  which  grew  up  with  him  in 
Yorkshire.  He  is  almost  perpetual  steward 
of  the  Victorian  Racing  Club.  Yet  he  has 
never  owned  a  race-horse,  and  his  bettings 
have  always  been  on  the  most  moderate 
scale.  In  the  conduct  of  his  business  he 
has  displayed  other  qualities  than  the 
sagacity  and  prudence  which  have  enabled 
him  to  build  up  a  great  and  lucrative 
business.  His  honourable  and  generous 
treatment  of  those  with  whom  he  has  had 
transactions  has  won  for  him  a  high  place 
in  public  esteem.  And  truly  a  great 
service  has  he  rendered  to  the  colony,  by 
this  consistent  exhibition  of  high  principle 
throughout  a  long  course  of  transactions 
upon  a  large  scale.  He  added  greatly  to 
the  beauty  and  business  capabilities  of 
Melbourne  by  the  erection  of  the  finest 
warehouses  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere. 
He  has  paid  several  visits  to  the  mother 
country,  in  1858,  1861,  1865,  1867,  and 
1878. 

GOLDSWOBTHY,  Hon.  R  J.,C.]VLG., 
Colonial  Secretary,  Western  Australia, 
served  with  distinctionin  the  Indian  Mutiny. 
In  1868  was  appointed  Inspector-General 
of  Police  in  Sierra  Leone.  In  1870  was 
transferred  to  Sagus.  In  1873  was 
Inspector  of  Customs,  Gold  Coast,  where 
he  served  as  second  in  command  under  Sir 
John  Glover,  and,  for  his  services,  received 
the  order  of  C.MG.  In  May,  1876, 
made  President  of  Nevis,  and  in  1877 
Colonial  Secretary  of  Western  Australia. 

GOODCHAP,  Charles  Augustus, 
Commissioner  for  Bailways,  New  South 
Wales,  bom  in  Kent,  England,  April  2, 
1837,  was  educated  at  the  Grammar  School, 


GOODENOUGH— GOOLD. 


7» 


Huntingdon.  He  came  out  to  New  South 
Wales  in  1853,  and  was  at  once  appointed 
to  a  clerkship  in  the  Colonial  Secretary's 
Office.  In  1856  he  was  transferred  to  the 
aewlj  formed  department  of  Lands  and 
Works,  and  in  1859,  when  this  was  divided 
into  two,  he  was  placed  in  the  new  depart- 
ment of  Public  Works.  In  1870  he  was 
a{)pointed  Chief  Clerk  for  Eailways,  and 
in  1875  was  promoted  to  be  Secretary  for 
Railways.  In  1878  he  received  the  ap- 
pointmoxt  of  Commissioner  for  Bailways. 

GOODENOUGH,  CoMMODoaE  Jambs 
GBAHAX,wasbomMay9,1831.  He  entered 
the  Navy  at  an  early  age.  In  1 85  7  he  went 
out  to  China  in  the  '*  Baleigh,"  wrecked  at 
the  entrance  to  Macaa  In  1859  he  took  the 
^Calcutta"  home.  In  1863  he  was  posted 
and  appointed  to  the  ''  Renard."  He  then 
conuuanded  the  ^'Revenge"  in  the  Channel 
fleet  and  the  "  Tictoria "  flagship  in  the 
Mediterranean.  •  In  1 867  he  was  appointed 
to  the  '*  Minotaur  "  flagship  of  the  Channel 
fleet  In  1873  he  was  appointed  to  the 
^  Pearl "  as  Commodore  cf  the  Australian 
statioa  During  a  cruise  amongst*  the 
Polynesian  Islands  he  was  sliot  by  arrows 
at  ^ta  Cruz,  August  1 2, 1 874,  and  tetanus 
supervening  he  died  on  the  20th,  with  the 
^ortitode  and  calmness  that  might  have  been 
expected  from  his  Christian  life.  He 
loarried  Victoria,  daughter  of  William 
Hamilton,  Esq.,  and  left  two  sons.  The 
''Goodenou^  Bojal  Naval  Home,''  in 
Sydney,  was  foundJed  in  his  honour. 

GOOLD,  Most  Rbv.  James  Alipius, 
Ardibishop,  was  bom  in  the  city  of  Cork, 
Ireland.  At  an  early  age  he  devoted  himself 
to  the  serviceof  the  Church  in  the  priesthood, 
sod  entered  the  Order  of  8t  Augustine,  to 
be  trained  by  the  discipline  of  that  illus- 
trious body  for  the  work  to  which  he  was 
dedicated.  During  his  conventual  life  he 
spent  some  time  on  the  continent  of  Europe, 
vhere  he  became  acquainted  with  several 
yoQng  men  o£  the  Order  of  St  Augustine, 
who  have  since  served  the  Church  in  Vic- 
toria under  his  episcopal  administration. 
Soon  after  his  ordination  to  the  priestiiood 
he  came  out  to  New  South  Wales.  In  this 
colony  he  laboured  for  years  under  the 
<iirecti(»i  of  Archbishop  Folding.  His  self- 
denjing  zeal  and  great  energy  and  ability 
Gommended  him  to  the  approval  of  the 


authorities  ;  and  when  it  was  determined 
by  the  Pope  to  erect  the  district  of 
Port  Phillip  (still  part  of  New  South 
Wales)  into  a  separate  diocese,  Dr.  Goold 
was  selected  as  the  most  worthy  to  fill 
the  new  bishopric.  In  compliance  with 
the  appointment  of  Pope  Pius  IX,  he 
was  consecrated  at  Sydney,  Bishop  of 
Melbourne,  August  6,  1848,  by  His 
Grace  the  Most  Beverend  Archbishop 
Polding,  assisted  by  the  late  Bishop  Mur- 
phy, of  Adelaida  Bishop  Goold  found 
the  new  diocese  almost  destitute  of  all 
the  outward  appliances  of  the  ecclesiastical 
system.  There  was  a  very  small  band  of 
clergymen  ;  the  places  of  worship  in  which 
they  fulfilled  their  ministrations  were  few 
in  number  and  of  humble  character  ;  there 
was  neither  convent  nor  college  in  the 
whole  diocese.  But  he  met  the  difficulties 
of  his  position  with  great  spirit  and  perse- 
veranca  His  zeal  kindled  that  of  the 
clergy  and  lay  membei's  of  his  Church,  and 
in  conjunction  with  energy  and  tact, 
secured  to  him  a  vast  influence  over  the 
minds  of  his  co-religionists.  The  erection 
into  an  independent  colony  of  the  terri- 
tory included  in  his  diocese,  the  rapid  intro- 
duction of  a  numerous  population,  which 
followed  that  event,  and  the  discovery  of 
gold  in  Victoria,  afforded  most  unusual 
scope  for  the  efforts  of  a  zealous  bishop : 
and  with  the  help  of  the  clergy  whom  he 
has  gathered  round  him,  and  the  liberality 
of  the  laity,  who  possessed  great  advan- 
tages for  the  acquisition  of  wealth.  Bishop 
Goold  has  seen,  as  the  result  of  the  labours 
which  he  organized  and  directed,  magnifi- 
cent churches,  large  convents,  and  numerous 
educational  estabUshments  springing  up  in 
all  j)arts  of  his  diocese.  On  the  25th 
anniversary  of  his  consecration,  August  6, 
1873,  after  the  celebration,  in  St  Patrick's 
Cathedral,  of  the  religious  ceremonies  of 
the  day,  the  Feast  of  the  Transfiguration, 
the  Vicar-Greneral  and  senior  clergymen, 
on  behalf  of  the  clergy  of  the  diocese,  pre* 
sented  to  Dr.  Goold,  in  the  episcopal  palace, 
an  address,  in  which  they  spoke  of  his 
successful  episcopal  career.  This  address 
was  accompanied  by  a  magnificent  gold 
repeater-watch  and  guard-chain,  and  a 
carriage  and  pair  of  horses.  The  presents 
offered  by  the  clergy  cost  about  £500.    The 


80 


GORDON— GOSSK 


Hibernian  Australasian  Catholic  Benefit 
Society,  the  pupils  of  St  Patrick's  College, 
the  Altar  Boys'  Association  of  the  Cathe- 
dral, the  young  ladies  of  the  Society  of  the 
Immaculate  Heart  and  of  the  Confraternity 
of  the  Children  of  Mary,  also  presented 
addresses  to  the  Bishop.  To  crown  these 
expressions  of  the  reverence  and  affection 
with  which  the  members  of  the  Church 
regarded  their  chief  pastor,  when  he  took 
his  seat  in  the  carriage  presented  to  him 
by  the  clergy,  an  attempt  was  made  to 
draw  His  Lordship  triumphantly  round  the 
grounds  of  the  palace.  Since  tJiat  time  he 
has  been  much  engaged  in  a  sharp  contro- 
versy with  a  portion  of  the  Victorian 
people  on  the  subject  of  public  education. 
By  the  present  Education  Act  of  Victoria, 
the  aid  of  the  State  is  given  only  to  the 
State  schools,  conducted  on  principles 
similar  to  those  of  our  public  schools, 
with  this  difference,  that  they  are  free  of 
expense  to  the  parents  of  the  scholars, 
whilst  all  children  are  by  law  required  to 
be  sent  to  some  school  or  other.  Dr. 
Goold,  in  common  with  other  ecclesiastic 
rulers  in  the  Church  of  Kome,  holds  that 
for  "  Catholic  children  "  education  under 
the  direction  of  the  clergy  of  that  Church 
is  indispensable,  and  that  education  in  any 
schools  not  under  that  direction  is  dan- 
gerous to  their  faith.  The  Parliament  of 
Victoria,  sustained  by  the  opinions  of  a 
decided  majority  of  the  people,  has  declared 
that  the  support  of  the  public  Treasury 
shall  only  be  given  to  unsectarian  schools. 
This  decision  Bishop  Goold  has  denounced 
as  'tyrannical  and  impious."  The  strife 
seems  likely  to  continue  for  a  long  time  to 
come,  as  the  Parliament  is  utterly  averse 
to  any  concession  to  denominationaUsm  in 
public  education ;  and  Dr.  Groold,  backed 
by  the  authority  of  the  Vatican  and  pledged 
by  his  own  outspoken  denunciations,  is  not 
the  kind  of  man  to  yield.  His  undaunted 
and  persevering  opposition  to  the  decision 
of  Parliament  will  be  memorable,  whatever 
•  the  result,  in  the  social  history  of  the 
Colony ;  as  his  grand  success  in  0rga.ni7.ing 
and  advancing  his  own  Church  will  make 
his  episcopate  famous  in  the^records  of  the 
Church.  In  1876  the  Pope  constituted 
him  the  first  Archbishop  in  the  province 
of  Melbourne. 


GORDON,  Sir  Arthur  Hamilton,  is 
the  son  of  the  fourth  Earl  of  Aberdeen, 
and  was  bom  in  1829.  He  was  educated 
at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  be 
took  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1851.  He 
entered  Parliament  as  Member  for  Beverley 
in  1854.  In  1856  he  accompanied  Mr. 
Gladstone  in  his  miasion  to  Cor^  In 
1861  he  was  made  Governor  of  New 
Brunswick,  in  1866  was  transferred  to 
Trinidad,  and  in  1871  to  the  Mauritius. 
In  1875  he  was  appointed  first  Governor 
of  Fiji  and  High  Commissioner  in  Western 
Polynesia     In  1878  he  visited  England 

GOSSE,  William  Christie,  Deputy 
Surveyor-General,  South  Australia,  was 
bom  in  1842  at  Hoddesdon,  Hertford- 
shire. He  arrived  in  the  colony  with  his 
father,  Dr.  Gosse,  in  1850,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  Mr.  J.  L.  Young's  school,  Ade- 
laida  He  entered  the  Government  Sur- 
vey department  in  1859,  and  was  variously 
employed  for  several  years,  until  in 
1872-3  he  was  sent  out  to  explore  new 
coimtry  lying  800  miles  south-west  of 
central  Mount  Stuart,  with  a  view  to 
push  through  to  Western  Australia.  In 
this  he  did  not  succeed,  on  account  of  the 
extremely  dry  and  inhospitable  character 
of  the  country.  His  explorations  were, 
however,  in  a  geographical  point  of  view, 
of  great  value,  giving  a  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  over  60,000  square  miles  of  countiy, 
and  fixing  accurately  the  position  of  many 
of  its  important  physicsJ  features.  He 
started  on  his  great  expedition,  April  23, 
1873,  from  Alice  Springs  on  the  Port  Dar- 
win telegraph  line,  the  party  consisting  of 
five  whites,  three  Afghans  with  camels,  and 
a  native  boy.  On  July  19th  he  discovered, 
in  lat  25''  21'  28"  S.,  long.  131*  4'  30' E, 
a  most  extraordinary  granite  rock  rising 
abruptly  from  the  plain  to  a  height  of  1 ,  100 
feet,  2  miles  in  length  from  east  to  west, 
and  1  mile  in  width.  It  was  honeycombed 
with  numerous  caves  and  holes,  many  of 
which  even  on  the  top  of  the  rock  contained 
springs,  of  beautiful  water.  The  caves 
were  extensively  used  by  the  natives, 
who  had  covered  the  walls  of  many 
of  them  with  cleverly  drawn  figures  of 
snakes  and  animals,  and  of  two  hearts 
joined  together.  Mr.  Gosse  says: — 
"This  rock  must  present  a  grand  sight  in 


GOULD— GRANT. 


81 


the  wet  seasoD,  waterfalls  in  every  direc- 
tion." He  named  it  Ayers  Rock,  after 
Sir  Henry  Ayers.  He  round  some  good 
country  and  good  springs  of  water ;  and 
after  long  and  generally  dreary  joumeyings 
made  the  telegraph  line  on  December  16, 
1873,  in  lat  26"  39'  47"  S.  In  recognition 
of  his  valuable  services  Mr.  Gosse  was 
appointed  Deputy  Surveyor-General  in 
1875,  which  office  he  still  holds. 

GOULD,  Jonx,  F.R.S.,  was  bom  at 
Lyme,  county  Dorset,  September  14, 1804. 
From  1818  to  1824  he  was  underthe  care  of 
Mr.  J.  T.  Aiton,  at  the  Royal  Gardens, 
Windsor.  In  1831  he  published  "A 
Oentary  of  Birds  from  the  Himalaya 
Mountains."  In  1838  he  came  to  Austra- 
lia, and  the  result  of  his  visit  was  pub- 
lished in  "  The  Birds  of  Australia,"  and 
other  magnificent  standard  worka  In 
1865  he  published  '^  Handbook  to  the 
Birds  of  Australia." 

GOWLLAJND,  Lieut.  John  Thomas 
EwiXG,  R.N.,  bom  at  Leysdown,  Kent, 
July  10,  1838,  was  educated  at  the  Royal 
Naval  School,  Greenwich.  In  1853  he 
entered  the?  Navy,  and,  after  various  ser- 
vices, in  1865  came  out  to  Sydney,  as 
chief  assistant  of  the  Australian  Survey, 
under  Captain  Sidney :  on  that  officer's 
retirement  in  1867,  he  received  the  com- 
mand of  the  Survey,  which  he  )ield  until 
1873,  when  he  paid  a  visit  to  England. 
On  his  return,  the  first  work  he  undertook 
▼as  the  survey  of  Port  Jackson,  but  was 
<lrowned  in  its  performance  by  the  upset- 
ting of  a  boat,  August  14,  1874.  He 
married  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Francis 
Lord,  and  had  three  children. 

GOYDER,  George  Woodrupfe,  bom 
1824,  for  the  past  eighteen  years  Surveyor- 
General  of  South  Australia;  has  been  since 
June  10,  1851,  connected  with  that  im- 
portant branch  of  the  public  service.  He 
entered  the  office  of  the  Colonial  Engineer, 
Colonel  Freeling,  on  the  date  mentioned, 
^  rapidly  rose  by  means  of  his  talents 
and  close  attention  to  business ;  was  Chief 
Clerk,  Lands  office,  1853,  and  in  January, 
1B58,  he  received  the  appointment  of 
I^uty  Surveyor-General,  and  three  years 
afterrords  (1861),  on  the  retirement 
of  Colonel  Freeling,  he  was  appointed 
Sorveyor-Oeneral.      Mr.    Goyder    has    a 


wonderful  capacity  for  work,  and  large 
administrative  ability;  his  activity  and 
energy  are  hardly  to  be  surpassed,  and  he 
is  one  of  the  most  hard-working  officers  in 
the  Government  sei-vice.  He  has  under- 
taken several  exploring  expeditions,  and 
was  sent  with  a  staff"  of  surveyors  to  survey 
the  Northern  Territory  and  lay  it  out  in 
sections,  a  work  which  was  accomplished 
in  a  wonderfully  short  space  of  time,  and 
for  which  Mr.  Goyder  was  complimented 
by  Parliament.  He  has  a  more  extensive 
and  accurate  knowledge'  of  the  lands  of 
South  Australia  than  any  other  man. 

GRAHAM,  Rev.  John,  was  minister 
of  Craven  chapel,  London,  when  he  was 
invited  in  1864  to  take  charge  of  the  Pitt- 
street  Congregational  church,  Sydney, 
which  position  he  held  until  1877,  when 
he  returned  to  England. 

GRANT,  Hon.  James  Macpherson, 
was  bom  at  Alvie,  Inverness,  Scotland,  in 
1822.  He  was  educated  at  Kingdenie. 
In  1836  he  came  out  with  his  parents  to 
Sydney.  He  was  articled  to  Chambers 
and  Thurlow,  solicitors.  But  having  gone 
to  New  Zealand  in  1844,  he  volunteered 
in  the  war  with  Heki ;  and,  returning  to 
Sydney  he  completed  his  articles,  was 
admitted  in  1847  as  an  attorney  and 
solicitor  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  re- 
ceived into  partnerahip  by  Mr.  Thurlow. 
In  1850  he  left,  partly  on  account  of  his 
health,  for  San  Francisco,  and  on  his 
return  from  there,  gold  having  been  dis- 
covered in  Australia,  he  and  his  brothers 
went  to  Bendigo,  where  they  were  amongst 
the  successful  diggera  In  1854  he  began 
practice  in  Melbourne.  In  December  of 
that  year  the  miners'  insurrection  took 
place  at  Ballarat,  and  he  was  amongst  the 
leading  sympathisers  with  the  miners,  and 
of  those  who  condemned  the  Govenmient. 
He  acted  without  fee  as  their  attorney  when 
on  their  trial  In  1856  he  was  elected  for 
the  Sandhurst  Boroughs,  and  entered  Par- 
liament as  an  advocate  of  land  settlement, 
manhood  suf&age,  vote  by  ballot,  and  un- 
sectarian  education.  In  1859  he  was 
returned  for  Avoca.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  Commissioner  for  Public  Works. 
In  1864  he  was  made  Minister  for  Lands, 
and  carried  his  celebrated  Lands  Amend- 
ment Act  in  1865.     In  1868  the  Ministry 


^ 


GBEENWOOD— GBJJTrrH. 


resigned,  but  in  1871  he  again  took  office 
as  President  of  the  Board  of  Lands  and 
Works.  In  1872  he  went  into  opposition 
with  his  friends  until  1877,  when  he 
became  Minister  for  Justice. 

GREENWOOD,  James,  M.L.A.,  was 
bom  at  Nottingham.  He  was  a  Baptist 
minister,  and  distinguished  himself  as  one 
of  the  chief  promoters  of  the  education 
League  in  New  South  Wales,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  making  State  education  national, 
compulsory,  free,  and  secular.  He  wbjb 
elected  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  for 
East  Sydney  in  1877. 

GREY,  Sir  George,  KC.B.,  is  the 
posthumous  son  of  Colonel  Grey,  who  was 
killed  at  the  taking  of  Badajoz.  He  was 
bom  in  Lisbon,  Portugal,  April  14,  1812, 
and  was  educated  at  Sandhurst^  He  en- 
tered the  Army  in  1829.  Having  retired 
from  his  profession  he  was  from  1837  to 
1840  employed  in  exploring  the  coast  of 
Western  Australia,  where  he  received  a 
severe  spear  wound  from  which  he  still 
suffers.  He  subsequently  published  his 
"  Journals  of  Discovery"  of  that  part  of 
the  country.  His  accounts  of  his  travels 
are  the  most  romantic  in  the  annals  of 
Australian  exploration,  and  reveal  his 
character  for  courage,  perseverance,  and 
endurance  under  privations.  The  labour 
of  this  first  expedition  consisted  chiefly  in 
tracing  the  sources  of  the  Glenelg  River. 
Li  1841  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
South  Australia.  There  he  gave  his  atten- 
tion to  exploration,  colonisation,  and  the 
state  of  the  aboriginals.  In  1845  he  was 
made  Governor  of  New  Zealand,  and  con- 
ducted the  war  to  a  successf  td  termination. 
He  was  made  a  Baronet  and  K.C.B.  in 
1848,  and  a  D.C.L.  {honoris  cauad)  of  the 
Oxford  University.  Li  1854  he  was  ap- 
pointed Governor  of  Cape  Colony,  and  in 
1861  re-appointed,  by  special  request  of  the 
Colonial  Office,  on  account  of  his  extensive 
knowledge  of  the  Maori  character,  language 
and  habits.  Governor  of  New  Zealand, 
in  consequence  of  the  breaking  out  of 
the  Maori  war  at  TaranakL  The  second 
New  Zealand  War  was  a  more  troublesome 
affair  than  the  first,  and  though  ended  suc- 
cessfully. Sir  Greorge  went  to  England  in 
1867  partly  to  vindicate  his  Administra- 
tion. He  returned  to  take  up  his  residence 


in  New  Zealand,  and,  in  1875,  on  the  death 
of  the  Superintendent  of  the  Province  of 
Auckland,  Sir  George  Grey,  yielding  te 
an  influential  requisition,  accepted  that 
office  and  a  seat  in  the  Colonial  Legislature^ 
as  Member  for  Auckland  On  the  Abohtioa 
of  the  Provinces  Act — which  was  carried 
notwithstanding  his  strenuous  oppodtion 
— coming  into  force  in  October,  1876,  Sir 
George  Grey's  tenure  as  Superintendent 
ceased.  He  continued,  however,  to  hold  the 
leadership  of  the  Opposition  in  the  Houae 
of  Kepresentatives,  and  on  the  defeat 
of  the  Atkinson  Government^  became 
Premier,  October  14,  1877,  forming  a 
Grovemment  on  the  broad  liberal  princi- 
ples of  a  land  and  property  tax  aad  a 
reduction  of  Customs'  duties.  During  his 
Ministry  he  has  carried  several  Acts  of 
the  greatest  practical  utility.  The  Grey 
Ministry  is  still  in  office,  and  Sir  George, 
whose  influence  witli  the  Maori  chiefe 
and  people  is  unbounded,  is  now  engaged 
(1879)  in  exercising  his  powers  with  a 
view  to  induce  the  Maori  king  to  con- 
sent to  a  construction  of  the  railway  across 
his  country  so  as  to  connect  Auckland 
with  Wellington.  A  sum  for  the  purpose 
has  already  been  authorised  by  Parlia- 
ment, and  the  achievement  of  this  great 
work  would  form  a  Utting  crowning-act  to 
the  long  series  of  eminent  public  services 
which  have  engraven  the  name  of  Sir 
George  Grey  indelibly  on  the  scroll  of 
New  Zealand  history.  Sir  Greorge  Grey 
is  one  of  the  few  instances,  if  not  the  only 
one,  of  a  statesman  having  descended 
from  the  vice-regal  position  into  the 
troubled  arena  of  political  warfare  in  the 
very-  colony  where  he  was  himself  Go- 
vernor. 

GRIFFITH,  Hon.  Sahuel  Walkeb, 
M.L.A.,  was  bom  at  Merthyr  Tydvil,  June 
21,1845.  His  father  the  Rev.  E.  Griffith, 
a  Congregational  minister,  came  out  with 
his  family  to  Australia  in  1854 ;  at  first 
in  the  Moreton  Bay  district  at  Ipswich, 
then  at  Maitland,  and  Anally  at  Bris- 
bane. Mr.  S.  W.  Griffitli  was  educated  by 
Mr.  Robert  Homiman,  Sydney,  and  sub- 
sequently at  Maitland  by  the  Rev.  W. 
M*IntyreL  In  1860  he  entered  the  Tlniva^ 
sity  of  Sydney.  After  a  successful  career 
here  he  returned  to  Queensland  aa  articled 


GUERARD— HADDOK 


8a 


clerk  to  Mr.  A.  MacaliateTy  and  in 
1867  was  called  to  the  Queensland  Bar. 
In  1870  lie  married  Jnlia,  daughter  of 
James  Thompson,  Esq.,  Commisaioner  for 
Crown  Lands,  East  Maitland.  In  1872 
he  entered  the  Queensland  Parliament  as 
Member  for  East  Moreton.  In  1873  he 
was  returned  for  Oxley,  and  in  1874 
was  appointed  Attorney-General,  and  after 
filling  various  offices  during  the  time  that 
Messrs.  Macalister,  Thorn,  and  Douglas 
were  Premiers,  he  resigned  on  the  defeat 
of  the  Ministry  in  January,  1879.  He  is 
an  able  debater. 

GUERARD,  Jeak  Euqene  vok,  pain- 
ter, is  the  son  of  the  Court  painter  to 
the  Emperor  of  Austria.  At  an  early 
age  he  showed  a  strong  predilection  for  art 
and  went  to  Italy  with  his  father,  under 
whose  supervision  he  studied  the  old 
Italian  miasters.  In  1832  he  went  to 
Naples,  where  he  remained  six  years  pur- 
suing his  art.  He  then  resided  at  Dilssel- 
(larf,  and  in  1853  emigrated  to  Austra- 
lia to  find  an  unexplored  field  for  illustra- 
tion. The  list  of  his  works  comprises 
Tower  Hill,  near  Wamambool ;  Geelong 
and  Station  Peak,  from  the  Barrabool 
Hills ;  Mount  Abrupt ;  Stony  Rises,  near 
Colac ;  Fern  Tree  Gully ;  Mount  William, 
from  Mount  Dryden  ;  Wannon  Springs ; 
View  on  the  Ajuerican  Creek,  WoDon- 
?ong;  North  view,  from  Daylesford; 
Hart  Greek  Fall,  near  the  Goulbum ; 
the  Snow  Bluff,  Gippsland  ;  the  Weather- 
board Fall,  New  South  Wales  ;  Govett's 
I«ap,  Grose  River  Valley,  New  South 
Wales ;  View  of  the  Mitre  Lake ;  View 
of  the  Grampians,  from  Fiery  Creek ; 
Great  Lake  in  Tasmania  ;  Milford  Sound 
wd  Lake  Wakatipu,  New  Zealand.  In 
1866,  the  Public  Library,  Melbourne, 
Purchased  his  picture  of  Mount  Kosciusko. 
He  has  also  produced  a  large  number  of 
pen  and  ink  sketche&  He  is  still  actively 
pnmdng  his  profession. 

GWYNNE,  Edward  Castres,  Equity 
Judge  of  South  Australia,  was  bom  at 
I^wes,  in  Sussex,  in  1811,  and  was  there 
educated,  at  St.  Ann's  Grammar  School, 
umI  at  the  establishment  of  the  Rev. 
(^«orge  Evans,  M.  A.,  near  Sheffield.  He 
f<dlowed  the  profession  of  the  law,  and 
craved  in  the  colony  about  the  year  1839 


or    1840.     He    was    appointed   nominea* 
Member  of  the  Legislative  Couiroil  under' 
the  old  system,  and  held  the  position  for  - 
about  five  years.      He  was  for  a  time 
Attorney-General,  and  in  February,  1859, 
was  appointed  Second  Judge  and  Primary- 
Judge  in  Equity  of  the  Supreme  Court^ 
an  c&oe  which  he  still  holds. 

HACK,  John  Barton,  South  Austra* 
lia,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  colony, 
bom  atr  Chichester,  Sussex,  July  2,  1805, 
was  educated  at  Southgate,  Middlesex; 
He  arrived  in  the  colony  February  10, 
1837,  with  his  wife  and  six  children  ;  and 
having  called  at  Van  Diemen's  Land,  he 
purchasedsheep,  cattle,  andhorsesthere,and 
brought  them  over  in  the  "Isabella,''  com- 
manded by  Captain  John  Hart,  who  after- 
wards bec^une  one  of  the  leadting  men  of 
the  colony.  Mr.  Hack's  sheep  unfor- 
tunately were  nearly  all  lost  the  first  * 
night  on  shore,  for  want  of  a  proper  yard 
for  their  protection.  He  xmdertook  the 
first  Government  contract  in  the  colony, 
which  was  to  cut  a  dry  canal  through  the^ 
Sandhills,  at  the  old  Fort,  to  deep  water 
in  the  creek,  to  afford  a  convenient  landing- 
place  for  goods  from  vessels.  Mr.  Hack 
suffered  -with  many  others  in  consequence 
of  the  heavy  depreciation  of  property- 
in  1842,  resulting  from  the  crash  that 
took  place  after  the  dishonour  of  Governor 
Gawler's  drafts  on  the  Home  €k>vem- 
ment.  He  embarked  in  a  whale 
fishery  -with  the  S.  A.  Company,  and 
employed  Captain  Hart,  whose  vessel  -was 
-wrecked  in  Portland  Bay.  He  -was  the 
fint  pemmto  take  out  .^  surveys  of 
land,  which  he  did  at  the  Little  Para  and' 
the  Three  Brothers  survey,  near  Echunga.. 
He  was  apjpointed  one  of  the  committee  to 
name  the  streets  of  the  city,  and  bought  no 
less  than  64  acres  at  the  Government  sale 
of  town  lands.  Had  he  been  able  to  vb^ 
tain  them,  he  would  now  be  one  of  the 
wealthiest  men  in  the  colony.  In  1869 
Mr.  Hack  was  appointed  accountant  to  the 
Goods  department  of  the  South  Australian* 
Railways,  an  office  he  still  holds. 

H ADDON,  Frederick  William,  bonr 
at  Croydon,  England,  February  8,  1839, 
was  intended  for  the  law,  but  gave  it  up  on 
coming  into  property  at  the  death  of  an* 
uncle.     In  1855  he  entered  the  servioe' 


84 


HAINES— HANSON. 


of  the  Statistical  Society,  London,  and 
in  1859  became  assistant  secretary;  was 
a  contributor  on  statistical  subjects  to 
several  London  journals,  and  assisted  in 
editing  the  Journal  of  the  Statistical  So- 
ciety. In  1863  he  resigned  his  position  in 
England  to  join  the  Argus  of  Melbourne, 
and  in  1864  when  the  Australasian  was 
started,  became  co-editor  and  afterwards 
sole  editor.  In  1867  he  became  editor  of 
the  Argus,  and  for  the  past  twelve  years 
has  retained  the  responsible  position. 

HAINES,  William  Clarke,  surgeon, 
was  bom  in  England  in  1807.  He 
arrived  in  Victoria  in  1848,  €uid  devoted 
himself  to  farming  near  Geelong.  In 
1851  was  nominated  Member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  In  1853  elected 
Member  for  South  Grant  Appointed 
Premier,  which  office  he  held  until  the  new 
Constitution  in  1854,  when  he  received  a 
retiring  pension  of  £1,000  per  annum. 
Continued  to  be  Premier  until  defeated,  but 
on  Mr.  Nicholson's  failure  to  form  a  gov- 
ernment, returned  to  power.  On  March  1 1 , 
1857,  he  was  defeated  and  succeeded  by  Mr. 
O'Shanassy,  but  on  April  29th  agam  took 
office,  and  once  more  had  to  give  place  to 
Mr.  O'Shanassy,  March  10, 1858.  He  then 
went  to  £uro])e,  where  he  remained  for 
three  yeara  On  his  return  he  was  elected 
Member  for  Portland,  and  took  office  as 
Treasurer  in  the  O'Shanassy  Ministry 
November  14,  1861,  remaining  in  office 
until  June  27, 1863.     He  died  in  1864. 

HAINING,  Rev.  Robert,  was  bom  at 
Manton,  Roxburghshire,  August  14, 1802. 
After  completing  his  school  education,  he 
studied  at  Edinburgh  University  from 
1820  to  1830  with  a  view  of  entering  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  In  1841  he  came 
out  to  Adelaide,  and  was  appointed  minister 
of  St  Andrew^s,  which  he  held  until 
August,  1871.  He  died  atGlenelg,  April 
26,  1874. 

HALE,  Right  Rev.  Matthew  Blagden, 
D.D.,  Church  of  England  Bishop  of  Bris- 
bane, is  descended  from  the  great  Judge,  Sir 
Matthew  Hale,  and  was  bom  in  1 8 1 1.  He 
received  his  education  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge ;  was  for  some  years  Vicar  of 
Stroud ;  and  in  1847  was  appointed  Arch- 
deacon of  Adelaide.  There  he  established 
the  mission  station  of  Poonindie,  where 


after  struggling  through  great  difficulties, 
he  demonstrated  that  under  proper  training 
the  aboriginals  might  be  led  to  a  permanent 
place  in  civilized  life  and  be<x>me  good 
Christians  and  useful  members  of  societv. 
In  1856  he  was  made  Bishop  of  Perth,  in 
Western  Australia,  and  in  1875  was  trans- 
ferred to  Brisbane. 

HALL,  Hatden  Hezeriah,  was  bom 
at  Hallsville,  New  York,  August  17, 1825. 
He  was  for  a  short  time  at  Canandagua 
College,  jand  then  entered  his  uncle*s 
steam-engine  worka  From  1848  he  was 
employed  in  taking  steamers  in  pieces  out 
to  Chma  and  the  east,  and  putting  them 
together  on  arrival,  till  in  1866  he  came 
to  Sydney.  In  1866  he  was  appoint^Kl 
United  States  Commercial  Agent  in 
Sydney,  and  at  the  end  of  1867  opened  a 
monthly  line  of  steamships  between  Sydney 
and  San  Frandsoo.  In  March,  1870,  he 
made  a  contract  with  the  New  Zealand 
Government  for  a  monthly  steam  mail  ser- 
vice between  Auckland  and  San  Francisco, 
and  in  1874  entered  into  contracts  with  the 
Sydney  Government,  which  initiated  the 
present  San  Francisco  mail  servica 

HALLORAN,  Henry,  C.M.G.,  bom 
at  Cape  Town  April  6,  1811,  where  his 
father  was  then  Chaplain  to  the  Forces  and 
Hector  of  the  Grammar  School  After 
passing  some  years  in  England,  he  cmne  out 
to  New  South  Wales,  and  in  1827  entered 
the  Survey  department,  continuing  in  the 
Civil  Sei-vice  of  New  South  Wales  until 
1876,  by  which  time  he  had  risen  to  be 
Principal  Under-Secretary.  He  retired  in 
1878,  on  a  pension,  after  51  years'  service. 
In  1841  he  married  the  eldest  daughter  of 
the  late  Joseph  Underwood,  Esq.,  of  Ash- 
field  Park,  and  has  brought  up  a  numerous 
family  at  his  residence,  Mowbray,  Ashfield, 
where  he  now  resides.  He  has  written 
many  pieces  of  poetry,  which  have  from 
time  to  time  appeared  in  the  Colonial  Press. 
As  Principal  Under-Secretary  he  exhibited 
remarkable  powers  as  official  head  of  tho 
Colonial  Secretary's  department. 

HANSON,  Sir  Richard  Davies,  Ejn-., 
was  bom  in  London  December  5, 1805.  In 
1822  he  was  articled  to  Mr.  John  Willis, 
and  in  1828  was  admitted  as  an  attor- 
ney, practising  for  some  time  in  Lon- 
don.    He  also  wrote  for  the   Glebe  and 


HARGRAVE. 


85 


Momhig  Chronicle  newspapers.  He  ac- 
tively promoted  Mr.  Gibbon  Wakefield's 
scheme  of  colonisation.  The  Earl  of  Dur- 
ham appointed  him  Assistant  Commissioner 
for  Grown  Lands  and  Immigration  in 
Canada.  On  that  nobleman's  death  he 
went  to  New  Zealand,  where  he  held  the 
oifice  of  Advocate-GreneraL  In  1846  he 
went  over  to  Adelaide  and  soon  took  a 
leading  position  there  at  the  Bar.  In  1 85 1 
he  was  appointed  Advocate-Greneral  and 
became  an  ex  officio  Member  of  the  Legi£k 
latare;  In  1856  he  was  made  Attomey- 
Creneral  in  the  first  responsible  Kinistry, 
which  only  lasted  three  months,  but  from 
1856  to  1859  Mr.  Hanson  was  Attomey- 
(xeneral  and  leader  of  the  Government. 
In  1861  he  was  made  Chief  Justice.  In 
1869  he  was  knighted.  When  the  Uni- 
versity of  Adelaide  was  established,  he  was 
chosen  Chancellor.  Ho  died  March  10, 
1876. 

HARGRAVE,  John  Fletcheb,  bom  at 
Greenwich,  Kent,  December  28, 1815.  The 
names  of  "  John  Fletcher"  were  given  him 
by  his  parents  out  of  regard  to  the  Kev. 
John  fletcher,  the  distinguished  friend  of 
the  Wesleys.  His  father  was  an  ironmonger 
in  Greenwich,  and  had  always  taken  an 
^ve  part  in  all  Reform  movements  in 
Greenwich  and  West  Kent.  From  the  early 
age  of  seven  years  Mr.  Hargrave  was  edu- 
cated by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hulett,  of  Greenwich, 
a  highly  esteemed  Wesley  an  minister.  On 
leaving  Dr.  Hulett's,  in  1830,  he  entered,  at 
bnrteen  years  of  age,  as  a  student  at  the 
London  University,  and'was  for  two  years  a 
fdvate  pupil  of  Mr.  Hughes,  son  of  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Hughes,  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Bible  Society.  Whilst  at  the 
London  University,  he  was  an  intimate 
friend  of  the  late  JDr.  Woolley.  In  1831 
he  obtained  a  first-class  Certificate  of 
Honour  for  Hhetoria  In  autumn,  1831, 
he  left  the  London  University,  and  was 
amongst  the  earliest  students  at  King's 
CoU^;^  under  the  late  Dr.  Otter,  after- 
wards Bishop  of  Chichester.  In  1833 
he  matriculated  at  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
biidge,  where  he  remained  until  he  took 
his  B.  A.  degree  in  honours  (Senior  Optime), 
m  18d7«  On  leaving  Cambridge  he 
studied  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  under  Mr. 
Hodgson,  the   eminent  conveyancer,  and 


Mr.  James  Russell,  the  Equity  Barrister, 
from  1837  till  called  to  the  Bar  in  1841.. 
In  1840  he  took  his  M.A.  degree  at 
Cambridg&  In  1841  he  published  his 
^'  Treatise  on  the  Thellusson  Act  and  on 
Trusts  for  Accumulations";  and  in  1843 
he  edited  the  first  volume  of  the  21st 
English  edition  of  Blackstone's  Com- 
mentaries. As  a  politician  lie  has  been 
all  through  lus  career  strongly  attached 
to  constitutional  liberty  and  progress. 
From  1841  Mr.  Hargrave  practised 
in  London  at  the  Equity  Bar,  until 
shortly  before  he  came  to  tliis  colony. 
He  married  in  1843,  his  cousin  Ann, 
daughter  of  William  Hargrave,  Esq.,  of 
Woodhouse,  Leeds,  and  by  her  he  has  three 
sons  and  one  daughter.  After  the  death 
of  his  father,  at  a  very  advanced  age,  in 
1851,  Mr.  Hargrave  resided  at  Otford, 
West  Kent,  whei-e  ho  took  a  great  interest 
in  railway  and  other  public  matters  afiect- 
ing  Greenwich  and  West  Kent,  till  the 
year  1856,  when,  his  health  failing  him,  he 
was  compelled  to  leave  England,  and 
arrived  in  Sydney  in  February,  1857.  On 
his  health  being  re-established,  he  deter- 
mined to  stay  in  the  colony,  and  was 
appointed  by  Mr.  Cowper,  one  of  the  first 
District  Court  Judges  and  Chairman  of 
Quarter  Sessions,  but  after  holding  one 
Sessions  at  Maitland  and  assisting  in  pre- 
paring the  present  rules  of  Distiict  Court 
practice,  he  resigned  his  Judgeship,  to 
which  the  Hon.  Bobert  Owen  was  ap- 
pointed In  February,  1859,  Mr.  Har- 
grave entered  political  life  as  Sohcitor- 
Genend  in  the  Cowper  Ministry  and  at 
once  presented  himself  to  the  electors  of 
East  Camden,  who  returned  him  at  the 
head  of  the  poll  after  a  sharp  contest  with 
his  opponent  Mr.  John  Tighe.  A  few 
months  afterwards  the  general  election 
took  place,  and  Mr.  Hargrave  was  returned 
for  WoUongong  by  a  very  large  majority. 
He  sat  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  till 
October,  1859,  when  he  was  appointed  a 
Member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  and 
also  appointed  a  Member  of  the  Executive 
Council,  so  as  to  represent  the  Cowper 
Government  in  that  Chamber,  Mr.  Cow- 
per suddezdy  retiring  from  public  life  in 
October,  1859.  In  November  Mr.  Har- 
grave accepted  office  as  Solicitor-General, 


B6 


HARGREAVES— HARPER 


QZKder  the  short  €k)vemment  of  Mr.  Forster 
bat  without  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet.  In 
March,  1860,  on  the  formation  of  the 
Roberteon  Qovemment,  Mr.  Hargrave 
was  appointed  Attomey-Qeneral,  and  after 
the  retirement  of  Mr.  Cowper  from  the 
Legislative  Council  in  January;  1861, 
Mr.  Hargrave  was  again  apppinted  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council,  and  as 
such  assisted  his  colleague  Mr.  Robertson, 
in  caiiying  the  present  Lands  Act  through 
the  Legislative  Council  After  this  Act 
had  become  law,  Mr.  Robertson  resigned 
his  seat  in  January  1862,  leaving  Mr. 
Hargrave  sole  representative  of  the  Go- 
venmient  in  that  Chamber,  and  Attomey- 
Creneral  until  August,  1863.  In  that 
month  Mr.  Hargrave  resigned  the  Attoiv 
ney-Qeneralship  in  favour  of  Mr.  Darvall, 
who  had  long  previously  held  office  as 
Attomey-Greneral  of  the  colony  and  was,  at 
the  Bar,  by  many  years  the  senior  of  Mr. 
Hargrave ;  but  Mr.  Hargrave  continued  in 
the  Cowper  Government  as  Solicitor-General 
and  its  sole  representative  in  the  Legis- 
lative Council  until  the  Martin  Gk>veni- 
ment  came  into  power  in  October,  1863. 
In  February  Mr.  Hargrave  again  accepted 
office  as  Solicitor-Greneral  in  the  Cowper 
Government  on  its  being  reinstated,  and 
represented  it  in  the  Legislative  Council 
dll  June,  1865,  when  he  was  appointed 
Puisne  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  on 
the  death  of  Mr.  Justice  Milf  ord.  During 
his  legislative  career,  Mr.  Hargrave 
carried  through  the  Legislative  Council 
the  Trustees  and  Mortgagees  Act,  the 
State-aid  to  Religion  Abolition  Act,  and 
the  Real  Property  Act  He  also  carried 
through  that  Chamber  the  Electoral 
Upper  House  Bill  of  1862,  and  introduced 
the  Insolvency  Law  Consolidation  Bill 
of  1862,  the  Criminal  Laws  Consolidation 
Bills  of  1864-65,  and  also  the  Master's 
Office  AboHtion  Bill  of  April,  1865. 
Shortly  after  Mr.  Hargrove's  appointment 
as  Puisne  Judge  he  accepted  the  office  of 
Primary  Judge  in  Equity.  In  July,  1873, 
he  was  appointed  first  Judge  of  the  Divorce 
Ooort.  From  the  year  1 858  till  1 865,  Mr. 
Hargrave  held  the  appointment  of  Reader 
in  General  Jurisprudence  at  the  Sydney 
University,  and  in  that  capacity  delivered 
aad  published  several  introductory  lectures, 


and  also  prepared  and  published  an  ela- 
borate syllabus  of  two  courses  of  twenty 
lectures  on  General  Jurisprudence,  which 
he  had  delivered  orally  every  year  at 
the  University,  to  the  students  of  his  clasa 
He  has  also  on  several  occasions  deUvei«d 
lectures  at  the  Law  Institute,  and  School 
of  Arts,  Sydney,  and  also  at  West  IVIait- 
land,  on  various  topics  connected  with 
legal  education.  Beside  exclusively  per- 
forming the  Equity,  Divorce,  and  Chamber 
business  he  has  taken  his  fourth  share  of 
all  Circuit  work,  criminal  sittings  and 
Banco  business.  He  is  now  (1879)  absent 
on  leave. 

HARGREAYES,  Edward  Hammond, 
was  bom  at  Grosport,  October  7,  1816.  He 
was  educated  at  Brighton  Grammar 
School,  and  afterwards  at  Lewes.  He 
came  out  to  New  South  Wales  in  1832, 
and  in  1833  went  in  the  "Clementine''  to 
Torres  Straits,  in  search  of  b^he-de-mer 
and  tortoise-shell.  In  Batavia  twenty  out 
of  the  twenty-seven  in  the  vessel  died  of 
yellow  fever,  and  the  survivors  had  some 
difficulty  in  getting  back  to  Europe 
Thence  Mr.  Hargreaves  returned  to 
Sydney  in  1834.  He  was  engaged  in 
pastonJ  pursuits  until  1849,  when  he 
went  to  California.  Struck  with  the 
similarity  of  its  geological  formation  to 
that  of  Bathurst,  he  returned  to  New 
South  Wales  in  1851,  and  on  February 
12th  discovered  gold  at  Lewis  Ponds  creek, 
near  Bathurst,  and  made  its  existence 
known  to  tiie  world,  thus  gaining  for 
himself  the  fame  of  being  the  first  practical 
discoverer  of  the  metal  in  the  colony. 
(See  Strzlecki;  aUo  Clabke,  Rev.  W.B.) 
In  1853  he  visited  England  and  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Queen  as  the  discoverer  of 
gold  in  Australia.  In  1877  Parliament 
voted  Mr.  Hargreaves  a  pension  of  .£250 
per  annum  for  lus  services.  Mr.  Hargreaves 
resides  near  Brisbane  Water.  He  has 
two  sons  and  three  daughters. 

HARPER,  Right  Rev.  Hbnrt  John 
Chttty,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Christchurch, 
Nerw  Zealand,  was  bom  at  Goeport, 
Hampshire,  in  1807.  He  was  educated 
at  Hyde  Abbey,  Winchester,  and  at 
Queen's  College,  Oxford,  where  he  gra- 
duated BwA  in  1836,  and  M.A.  in 
1840.     After  having  been  private  tutor 


HABPTJBr— HAWKER 


87 


tD  Sir  CSiaries  Ooote  he  offidated  for 
many  years  as  Chaplain  to  Eton  College. 
In  1840  he  was  presented  to  the  living  of 
Stratfield,  Mortimer,  near  Reading,  Berk- 
shire, whence  he  was  appointed  in  1856 
the  first  Bishop  of  Christchurch.  The 
diooese  was  reconstructed  in  1869,  and 
made  Metropolitan  over  the  sees  of  Auck- 
knd,  Wellington,  Waiapii,  and  Nelson. 

HARPUR,  Charles,  poet,  was  bom  at 
Windsor,  on  the  Hawkesbury,  in  the  year 
1812.  Under  his  father's  tuition  he  beoune 
a  har  English  scholar.  About  seven  years 
(from  1836)  of  his  early  manhood  were 
passed  in  Sydney.  He  published  a  small 
Tolmne  of  sonnets,  wliich  drew  forth  the 
oommendations  of  Mr.  Robert  Lowe,  and 
some  years  afterwards  a  small  volume  of 
poema  In  1843  he  went  to  the  Hunter 
Biver,  and  resided  with  his  brother  Joseph 
for  six  years.  In  1850  he  married  Mary, 
ddest  daughter  of  R  Doyle,  Esq.,  of 
Jenys  Plains,  and  by  her  he  had  five 
chil(bren.  In  1 858  he  was  appointed  Gold 
Cammissioner  at  Araluen.  There  he  free- 
selected,  but  from  mismanagement  only 
frittered  away  his  income  in  fruitless  en- 
deavours to  improve  his  selection.  In 
1866  his  office  was  abolished  and  he  was 
thrown  out  of  employment.  His  son  was 
soddentally  shot,  March  2,  1867:  Mr. 
Harpur  never  recovered  the  shock,  but 
died  June  10,  1868. 

HART,  Hon.  John,  CM. G.,  South  Aus- 
tralia, was  bom  in  the  year  1809.  He 
adopted  a  seafiuing  life  in  his  younger  days, 
and  was  for  some  years  engaged  in  whaUng. 
Hehad  a  whaling  station  at  Encounter  Bay, 
bng  before  the  colony  was  founded.  He 
made  several  short  trading  voyages  between 
Tan  Diemen's  Land  and  the  new  Colony 
of  Bouth  Australia  in  1837-8,  and  two  or 
three  from  England.  About  the  year  1846 
he  finally  gave  up  the  sea  and  settled  at 
Port  Adelaide,  engaging  in  commercial 
pursuits,  in  which  he  was  very  successful. 
His  floor-mill  at  the  Port  was  one  of  the 
best  and  most  complete  in  the  colonies, 
and  ^  Hart's  Flour"  has  long  commanded 
the  highest  price  in  the  market  In  the 
year  1857  he  was  elected  a  Member  of 
Parliament  under  the  Constitution,  and 
▼as  in  several  Ministries,  taking  a  leading 
part  in  politica     He  was  connected  with 


several  public  companies,  and  whilst  pre- 
siding at  a  meeting  of  the  Mercantile 
Marine  Insurance  Company  in  Adelaide, 
January  28,  1873,  he  essayed  to  speak  and 
fell  down  dead.  He  was  a  keen  and  clever 
politician,  and  for  many  years  one  of  the 
foremost  men  of  South  Australia. 

HARVEST,  Lieut. -Colonel  Edwabd 
Douglas,  entered  the  Army  in  1842  ;  in 
1860  appointed  Resident  at  Cerigo,  but 
relinquished  the  appointment  at  the  end 
of  the  following  year  to  join  his  regiment  in 
India.  In  January,  1 872,  he  was  appointed 
Commandant  of  Western  Australia ;  ad- 
ministered the  Govenmient  from  Januaiy 
12th  to  April  1st,  and  again  in  1877. 

HARWOOD,  Henry  Richard,  bom 
in  London  October  19,  1830,  was  brought 
up  to  his  father's  business  of  builder 
and  contractor.  He  arrived  in  Mel- 
bourne in  1852,  and  followed  his  calling ; 
but  having  a  passion  for  the  stage 
in  1855  made  his  first  appearance  in 
Sydney,  and  was  afterwards  a  successful 
actor  in  comedy.  In  1867  he  became 
manager  of  the  Theatre  Royal,  Melbourne. 
He  retired  from  this  post  in  1877  for  a 
more  lucrative  busmeasin  Sydney,  aa  host 
of  the  Oxford  Hotel. 

HAWDON,  John,  was  bom  at  Walken- 
field,  county  Durham,  June  29,  1801.  He 
arrived  in  Sydney  September  12,  1828, 
with  his  wife  and  two  sons.  He  first  rented 
Elderslie  at  Cowpastures.  In  1833  he 
removed  to  Kiora  on  the  Moruya,  and 
also  formed  a  cattle  station  at  Howlong  on 
the  Murray.  The  first  cattle  were  sent 
from  the  Howlong  station  overland  to 
Adelaide,  going  down  the  Murray  to  Lake 
Alexandrina.  He  was  the  first  contractor 
who  conveyed  Her  Majesty's  mails  over- 
land from  New  South  Wales  to  Victoria. 

HAWKER,  Jambs  Collins,  South 
Australia,  son  of  Rear-Admiral  Hawker, 
bom  April  10,  1821,  at  Titchfield,  Hants, 
and  after  his  school  education  studied 
surveying,  which  he  adopted  as  a  pro- 
fession. He  arrived  in  the  colony  in  the 
suite  of  Colonel  Crawler,  the  second  Go- 
vernor, October  12,  1838,  and  acted  as 
assistant  Private  Secretary.  He  was 
afterwards  employed  on  the  staff  of  Colonel 
light,  the  Surveyor-General  With  the 
exception  of  a  few  months'  absence  in  Eng- 


88 


HAY. 


land  in  1840,  he  continued  in  tlie  Survey 
department  until  1842,  when  he  was  one 
of  the  many  officers  "  retretiched"  by  Gover- 
nor Grey,  and  he  then  engaged  in  pastoral 
pursuits.  He  served  as  a  volunteer  under 
Captain  Field  and  Major  O'Halloran,  in 
expeditions  to  punish  the  natives,  who 
had  l>een  guilty  of  several  murderous  out- 
rages. In  1844  Mr.  Hawker  was  one 
of  Captain  Sturt's  exploring  party  to  the 
North,  where  he  did  some  important  sur- 
veying. In  1847  he  joined  the  Customs 
department,  and  was  appointed  Measuring 
Surveyor  for  the  Board  of  Trade  in  1853. 
In  1862  he  was  raised  to  the  position  of 
Comptroller  and  Landing  Surveyor,  and 
in  1872  he  left  the  service  in  consequence 
of  a  severe  affection  of  liis  sight,  from 
which  after  some  months  of  suffering,  he 
recovered,  and  is  now  following  the  busi- 
ness of  a  private  surveyor  and  land  agent. 
HAY,  Sir  John,  K.C.M.G.,  was  bom 
at  Little  Ythsie,  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland, 
181 6.  He  was  educated  at  King's  College, 
Aberdeen,  where  he  carried  off,  year  after 
year,  the  highest  honours  of  the  place,  and 
took  his  degree  in  1834.  The  same  year 
he  went  to  Edinburgh,  and  commenced 
the  study  of  law,  with  a  view  to  the 
Scottish  Bar.  After  spending  some  years 
in  legal  studies,  ho  determined  to  alter  his 
plan  of  life,  and  to  seek  his  fortune  in 
Australia.  He  came  to  Sydney  in  1838, 
and  before  the  end  of  that  year  he  had 
settled  on  the  Upper  Murray,  about  70 
miles  above  Albury,  at  a  station  known  as 
Welaregang.  There  he  resided  for  nearly 
eighteen  years,  during  which  time  he  was 
actively  engaged  in  squatting  pursuits. 
Success  attended  his  efforts ;  and  he  found 
himself  in  a  position  to  take  part  in  move- 
ments for  the  advancement  of  the  common 
weaL  He  thus  became  known  in  the  south- 
em  districts  as  a  man  of  ability  and  of 
public  spirit.  Before  his  entrance  into  Par- 
liament, the  Border  Duties  had  become  a 
matter,  of  controversy,  and  Mr.  Hay  ad- 
vocated the  policy  of  Free-Trade  across  the 
Border.  He  first  came  forward  as  a  can- 
didate for  political  honours  in  the  early 
part  of  1856,  when  the  first  general  elec- 
tion took  place  under  the  present  Consti- 
tution with  Hesponsible  Government. 
He  appealed  to  the  electors  of  Murrum- 


bidgee ;  and  was  returned,  April  2,  1856, 
without  contest,  together  with  Mr.  Georfiie 
Macleay,  their  former  representative,  to 
represent  that  constituency  in  the  first 
Legislative  Assembly.     On  September  17, 
1856,  Mr.  Hay  was  chosen  to  move  aa 
attack  on  the  Cowper   government, .  and 
made  a   memorable  speech  on  the  occa- 
sion   against    the    appointment   of  Mr. 
James  Martin.     Tlie  motion  of  want  of 
confidence  was  carried,  September  24th, 
by  26  against  23.     Mr.  Cow|)er  advised 
the  Governor-General  to  dissolve  Parlia- 
ment, on  the  ground  that  no  party  in  the 
House  could  form  a  permanent  govern- 
ment ;  and  upon  the  refusal  of  Sir  William 
Denison  to  accept  that  advice,  tendered  his 
resignation.    On  September  30th,  Sir  Wil- 
liam Denison  sent  for  Mr.  Hay,  as  the  mover 
of  the  adverse  motion  by  which  the  Go- 
vernment was  defeated,  and  requested  him 
to  form  an  administration.     That  commis- 
sion he  declined,  but  recommended  tliat  it 
should  be  entrusted  to  Mr.  Watson  Parker, 
and  at  the  Governor-General  s  request  was 
accordingly  the  bearer  of  a  communication 
to  that  gentleman.     The  House  had  been 
adjourned  to  the  following  day,  October 
2nd;  on  its   re-assembling   Mr.    Cowper 
announced  the    resignation    of    his   ad- 
ministration, and    Mr.    Watson    Parker 
informed    them    that  he    had  succeeded 
in  forming  a  ministry,  in  which  he  him- 
self was   Colonial  Secretary,  Mr.   S.  A 
Donaldson,  Treasurer,  and  Mr.  John  Hay, 
Minister  for  Lands  and  Works,  with  the 
Attomfey-General  and  Solicitor-General  of 
Mr.  Donaldson's  former  government    The 
Hon.    £.   Deas  Thomson   was  associated 
with  this  ministry,    as  Vice-President  of 
the  Executive  Council,  and  Representative 
of  the   Government    in    the    Legislative 
Council     These  gentlemen  were  sworn  in 
the  next  day.     On  September  3,  1857,  an 
amendment  moved  by  Mr.  Cowper  on  the 
motion  for  the  second  reading  of  the  Gov- 
ernment Electoral  Bill,— "That  the  BUI 
be  read  a  second  time  this  day  six  months,'' 
— was  carried  by  26  to  23.    In  consequence 
of  this  vote  the  Parker  ministrv  retired  from 
office  September  7th,  having  held  the  rems 
of  power  a  few  days  over  eleven  months, 
and  Mr.  Cowper  returned  to  office.     Mr. 
Hay  continued  without   intermission  to 


HEALES— HENDEBSON. 


89 


fnMl  tbe  duties  of  a  representative  of  the 
people,  from  his  first  election  in  1856  until 
Jus  appointment  to  the  Upper  House  in 
1867.    In  the   first  and  second   Parlia- 
ments he  was  one  of  the  representatives 
of  the  pastoral  district  of  the  Murrum- 
bidgee ;  in  the  third  and  fourth  he  repre- 
sented the  Murray,  one  of  the  new  elec- 
torates into  which  his  former  constituency 
was  divided  by  the  Electoral  Act  of  1858. 
After  the  dissolution  of  1864,  Mr.  Hay 
accepted  an   invitation  to  come  forward 
for  Central  Cumberland,  which  he  repre- 
sented during  the  remainder  of  his  con- 
nection with  the  Assembly.     He  opposed 
decidedly  some  of  the  princi]>al  measures 
of  the  administrations   formed    by    Mr. 
Cowper  and  Mr.  Kobertson,  but  he  has  not 
been  persistent  in  party  opposition  to  any 
Ministry.      He  has  all  through  his  Par- 
liamentary career  evidently  acted  on  the 
principle  of  doing  what  he  thought  best 
for  the  country,   without   regard  to  the 
consideration    of  the  persons    by   whom 
measures  were   introduced.     He  took  a 
conspicuous  part,  in  1860,  in  opposing  the 
famous   13th   clause  of  Mr.   Kobertson's 
Land  Bill,  the  clause  embodying  the  prin- 
ciple of  "Conditional  Purchase,"  or,  as  it 
bag  been  generally  expressed,  "  Free  Selec- 
tion before  Survey."     Mr.  Hay  thought 
survey  ought  to  precede  selection.     He, 
therefore,   October   25,    1860,   when  the 
13th    clause    was    under    discussion    in 
Committee  of  the  Whole  House,  moved  as 
an  amendment  the  insertion  of  the  words 
"after  Survey."     After  two  nights*  ani- 
mated debate,  Mr.  Hay's  amendment  was 
carried  by  33  to  28.     The  result  was  a 
(lifisoltttion  of  the  Assembly,  and  a  general 
election,  in  which  the  people  were  appealed 
to  with  the  cry  of  "  Free  Selection  before 
Survey."     A  large  majority  was  returned 
pledged    to    support    the    rejected    13th 
clause.     Mr.   Hay  was  returned   for  the 
Murray,  amongst  the  few  opponents  of  the 
principle  of  "Free  Selection  before  Survey" 
vbo  were  sent  back  to  Parliament  with  a 
renewed  expression  of  the  confidence  of 
their  constituents.     Though   defeated  in 
his  attempt  to  modify  the  Bobertson  Land 
policy  in  this  important  point,  Mr.  Hay 
has  long  since  accepted  the  decision  of 
Parliaxaent,  and  endeavoured  to  make  the 


best  of  a  system  which  differs  widely 
from  what  he  would  have  established. 
When  a  Fencing  Bill  was  introduced, 
he  supported  it,  making  the  remark  (which 
has  often  been  quoted  as  illustrative  of 
his  opinions),  that  this  Bill  would  <*  take 
the  sting  out  of  Free  Selection."  .After 
the  defeat  of  the  Parkes  ministry,  Mr. 
Hay  did  not  hold  any  ministerial  office, 
tliough  frequently  invited  to  do  so ;  but 
on  October  14,  1862,  he  was  elected 
Speaker  of  the  Assembly.  He  was  re- 
elected to  the  same  position  in  the  next 
Parliament,  and  held  it  for  three  years. 
At  the  end  of  that  period,  October  21, 1865, 
having  found  the  wearisome  duties  of  the 
Cliair  too  much  for  his  health,  he  resigned. 
He  continued  to  sit  as  a  Member  of  the 
Assembly  for  more  than  a  year  afterwards. 
On  June  26,  1867,  he  was  appointed  a 
Member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  and  in 
July,  1873,  after  the  demise  of  Sir  T.  A. 
Murray,  was  appointed  its  President,  which 
office  he  continues  to  hold.  He  received  the 
honour  of  Knight  Commander  of  the  Order 
of  St  Michael  and  St.  George  in  1877. 

HEALES,  BiCHAKD,  was  born  in 
London.  Ho  was  the  son  of  an  iron- 
monger, and  apprenticed  to  a  coach  maker. 
After  serving  his  term  he  married,  and 
with  his  wife  and  father  came  out  to  Vic- 
toria in  1842.  First  engaged  as  a  day 
labourer,  he  became  proprietor  of  the 
establishment  in  which  he  had  been  em- 
ployed. In  1849  elected  City  Councillor 
for  Gipps  Ward,  Melbourne.  Paid  a  visit 
to  Europe  in  1852,  where  he  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Temperance  movement.  Re- 
turned in  1855.  He  was  elected  Member 
for  'East  Bourke  in  1857,  and  became  Chief 
Secretary  November  26,  1860  ;  resigned 
November  14,  1861  ;  took  office  again 
under  Sir  James  M*Culloch  as  President 
of  the  Boaixl  of  Lands  and  Works  and 
Commissioner  for  Crown  Lands  and  Siir- 
vey,  June  27,  1863,  which  posts  he 
retained  until  his  death,  Jime  19,  1864. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  Early- 
Closing  Association,  Vote  by  Ballot, 
Amendment  of  Land  Laws,  and  assisted 
in  various  measures  of  a  liberal  character. 

HENDERSON,  Rev.  Anketkll  M., 
was  bom  in  Ireland.  He  was  educated 
for  the  Church  of  England  m  nistry,   but 


tuy,i- 


'— amiKBOTH  AM. 


adopted  Cbngregationalist  opinions  and  be- 
came a  minister  of  that  Church  in  London. 
In  1865  he  came  out  to  Melbourne  to 
occupy  the  post  of  President  of  the  Con- 
gregational College,  and  in  1866  became 
pastor  of  the  Collins-street  church.  He 
built  there  a  new  church  which  cost 
£23,000,  and  it  was  opened,  out  of  debt, 
in  1868.  In  1870  and  again  in  1873  he 
visited  Sydney  and  supplied  Mr.  Graham's 
place  in  the  Pitt-street  church.  He  died 
in  1877.  He  was  an  able  and  fluent 
preacher,  and  had  a  i*emarkable  memory. 

HENTY,  Edward,  pioneer  of  Victoria, 
was  bom  in  Sussex,  March  10,  1809. 
In  1829  his  three  brothers  came  out  to 
Western  Australia,  their  father  having 
resolved  to  emigrate  with  his  family. 
Not  finding  Western  Australia  then 
suitable  for  settlement,  they  removed  to 
Launceston,  where  the  rest  of  the  family 
joined  them.  In  1834  Mr.  Edward 
Henty  commenced  the  first  settlement  at 
Portland,  a  portion  of  the  present  Colony 
of  Victoria.  In  1856  he  was  elected  to 
represent  Normanby  in  the  Legislative 
Assembly,  but  was  defeated  at  the  election 
of  1861.  During  his  last  years  he  resided 
in  the  suburbs  of  Melbourne.  He  died 
August  14,  1878. 

HEKBERT,  Robert  George  Wyk- 
HAM,  D.C.L.,  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
at  Baliol  College,  Oxford;  called  to  the 
Bar  in  1858 ;  in  1859  appointed  Colo- 
nial Secretary  of  Queensland  ;  was  Pre- 
mier of  Queensland  and  Member  of 
Legislative  Assembly  from  1860  to  1865. 
From  1868  to  February  1870  was  Assis- 
tant Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Trade, 
when  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Under- 
Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies ;  Under- 
Secretary  May  21,  1871.  He  is  a  Magis- 
trate and  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  Cambridge. 

HIGGINSON,  John,  was  bom  at  Hit- 
chin,  near  Cambridge,  in  1840,  and  came 
out  to  Noumea  in  1848.  With  difficulty 
he  managed  to  establish  himself  as  a 
commission  agent,  but  was  very  successful, 
■and  at  length  formed  a  partnership  with 
Mr.  Morgan,  of  Adelaide,  and  Mr. 
dharles  Watson,  of  London,  the  latter 
having  since  retired.  In  1873  the  Bank 
4Supported  its  clients  in  competing  with 


him  in  contracts,  and  the  ^Cridit  Fan- 
cier" aided  rival  mining  schemes,  fie 
almost  retired  before  them,  but  in  1877, 
when  they  both  failed,  he  resumed  his 
position  more  powerfully  than  ever.  He 
has  had  "  exceptional  naturalisation"  con- 
ferred upon  him,  and  has  been  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Privy  Council  of  New  Cale- 
donia. He  was  made  one  of  the  Execu 
tive  Commissioners  of  New  Caledonia  at 
the  Paris  Exhibition,  and  left  Sydney  for 
Europe  by  the  San  Francisco  mail  March 
29,  1878.  He  is  now  (1879)  carry- 
ing out  a  remarkable  engagement  with 
the  French  Government  by  giving  employ- 
ment to  300  French  prisoners  working  his 
Balade  mines  in  New  Caledonia. 

HIGINBOTHAM,  Hon.  George, 
barrister-at-law,  bom  in  Dublin  in  1827, 
was  educated  first  at  the  Hoyal  School, 
Dungannon,  and  subsequently  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin.  He  then  went  to  London, 
where  he  was  a  student  at  Lincoln's  Inn, 
and  became  a  reporter  on  the  staff  of  the 
Morning  Chronicle,  having  as  one  of  his 
colleagues  at  the  time  (1849)  the  late  Mr. 
Butler  Cole  Aspinall — a  gentleman  whom 
he  was  destined,  at  a  later  date,  to  meet  at 
the  Antipodes.  In  1853  Mr.  Higinbotham 
was  called  to  the  Bar,  and  in  the  following 
year  arrived  in  Melbourne,  where  he 
contributed  to  the  Herald,  and  practised 
his  profession.  In  1856  he  succeeded 
Mr.  Edward  Wilson  as  editor  of  the 
Argus,  and  conducted  that  journal  veiy 
successfully  during  three  years  ;  he  then 
severed  his  connection  with  it,  and  returned 
to  his  practice  at  the  Bar,  which  soon 
began  steadily  to  improve.  In  1861  he 
was  returned  to  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
for  Brighton,  and  voted  as  an  independent 
Member.  At  the  next  general  election  he 
was  again  nominated  for  the  same  place ; 
but  as  he  refused  to  give  any  pledges, 
and  declined  to  say  whether  he  would  or 
would  not  supjwrt  Mr.  Heales,  he  found 
himself  between  the  fire  of  two  enemies. 
The  Government  supported  the  candidature 
of  Mr.  Burt,  and  Mr.  Brodribb  was 
selected  to  do  battle  for  the  Opposition, 
which  was  led  by  Mr.  (now  Sir)  John 
O'Shanassy.  Mr.  Brodribb  was  returned, 
but  he  resigned  his  seat  about  nine  months 
afterwards,  being  obliged  to  visit  England. 


HILL— HnroMAKSH. 


91 


Mr.  Higinbotham  again  came  forward  for 
the  vacant  seat,  and  -was  elected*  Betum- 
ing  to  the  Assembly  he  opposed  the  third 
ittding  of  the  Land  Act  of  1862  and  the 
Electoral  Bill.  On  the  defeat  of  the 
O'Shanassy  administration,  in  June,  1863, 
Mr.  Higinbotham  accepted  the  Attorney- 
Generalship  under  Mr.  (now  Sir)  James 
MH}alloch,  his  colleagues  being  Messrs. 
Heales,  Grant,  Michie,  Sullivan,  Francis, 
and  (now  Sir)  George  Yerdon,  with 
Messrs.  Hervey  and  Fellows  (now  Judge) 
in  the  Upper  House.  Mr.  Higinbotham 
soon  became  one  of  the  most  popular  men 
in  Victoria,  and  was  the  idol  of  the  great 
hulk  of  the  people  during  the  well-remem- 
bered struggle  between  the  Assembly  and 
tiie  Council,  in  connection  with  the  new 
tariff  of  1865,  the  "tack,"  the  Darling 
grant,  and  the  dead-lock.  Mr.  Higinbotham 
strenuously  and  persistently  opposed  the 
addon  of  the  Upper  House  all  through 
&at  exciting  time,  and  when  the  second 
M'Culloch  administration  was  formed 
(after  the  retirement  of  the  Sladen  govem- 
xBent),  he  refused  to  go  back  to  the  Law 
Offices  so  long  as  Victoria  was  to  be 
governed  by  instructions  sent  from  Down- 
ing-street.  However,  he  consented  to  act 
as  Yice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land 
and  Works,  without  salary.  At  the 
general  election  in  1871  he  was,  to  the 
aBtonishment  of  the  whole  colony,  defeated 
«t  Brighton  by  Mr.  Bent,  who,  though 
now  rather  a  prominent  Member  of  the 
Assembly,  was  then  almost  unknown.  It 
was  supposed  that  Mr.  Higinbotham  was 
less  aliye  to  local  interests  than  his  consti- 
iaents  desired,  and  hence  the  change.  Mr. 
Sginbotham  then  took  no  part  in  |K)litics 
until  the  next  general  election,  when  he 
^vas  returned  for  Brunswick ;  but  he  soon 
afterwards  resigned  his  seat,  being  unable 
to  agree  with  the  then  Government,  and 
being  unwilling  to  vote  against  it.  His 
legal  attainments  are  of  a  high  order,  and 
he  is  one  of  the  very  best  speakers  in 
Anstralia, 

HHJi,  Bev.  W.  K,  bom  July  26, 
1826,  at  Wolverhampton,  England ; 
admitted  to  the  Ministry  1847;  in  1850 
sent  as  a  missionary  to  Ceylon ;  returned 
to  Eogland  in  1853 ;  in  the  same  year 
went  to  Melhoume,  where  he  arrived  in 


February,  1854;  laboured  in  Gteelong, 
Bichmond,  Sandhurst,  Castlemaine,  and 
Melbouma  Was  appointed  Chaplain  of 
the  Pentridge  Prison  in  1869,  and  was 
barbarously  murdered  in  a  cell  by  a 
prisoner  named  Ritson,  May  14,  1869. 

HINDMARSH,  Rear-Admiral  Sir 
John,  ELH.,  first  Governor  of  South  Aus- 
tralia, bom  in  1786,  entered  the  Navy  at 
seven  years  of  age  in  1 7  9  3,  as  first-class  volun- 
teer on  board  the  **  BeUerophon"  74  guns, 
in  which  ship  he  was  employed  for 
the  long  period  of  seven  years,  and  was 
there  indebted  for  his  education  to  a 
learned  paymaster  (Mr.  Neale)  to  whom 
through  life  he  was  much  attached 
Young  Hindmarsh  was  present  in  Lord 
Howe's  action  of  the  glorious  June  1, 
1794,  and  at  the  battle  of  the  Nile,  besides 
sharing  as  midshipman  in  most  of  Nelson's 
boat  operations  off  Cadiz  in  1797,  and 
contributing  in  1799  to  the  capture  of  the 
ports  at  Naples  and  Gaeta.  During  the 
battle  of  the  Nile  he  was  for  some  time 
the  only  officer  (though  but  a  midshipman) 
left  on  the  "  Bellerophon's"  quarter-deck ; 
and  being  so  at  the  time  her  formidable 
opponent  "  L'Orient,"  120,  caught  fire,  he 
ordered  the  cable  to  be  cut  and  the  sprit- 
sail  to  be  set  (the  masts  being  disabled)  by 
which  means  his  ship  was  wafted  away 
from  close  contact  with  her  burning 
antagonist,  when  the  latter  blew  up  and 
sank.  Captain  Darby  and  the  surviving 
officers  felt  that  the  brave  youth  had 
saved  the  ship  from  inevitable  destruction, 
and  they  presented  him  with  a  sword  in 
testimony  of  their  admiration  In  his 
conduct  on  that  glorious  day  Hindmarsh 
had  the  honour  of  eliciting  the  public 
thanks  of  Lord  Nelson.  Although  during 
that  battle  he  received  so  severe  a  contu- 
sion as  ultimately  to  lose  the  sight  of  an 
eye,  yet  to  his  honour  it  is  recorded  that 
nothing  could  induce  him  to  leave  his 
station  Accompanying  Captain  Darby 
in  the  "Spencer,"  74,  he  shared  in  1801 
both  in  the  action  off  Algeciras  and  in  the 
victory  gained  by  Sir  J.  Saumarez  in  the 
Gut  of  Gibraltar.  The  "  Spencer"  being 
paid  off,  Hindmarsh  in  1803  joined  the 
"Victory"  100,  bearing  Lord  Nelson's 
flag, — ^the  hero  on  taking  command,  hav- 
ing written  to  young  Hindmarsh  to  join 


92 


HIXSON. 


him,  and  in  a  few  months  he  obtained  his 
promotion  as  Lieutenant  of  the  "  Phoebe," 
36.  During  more  than  two  yeara  that  he 
was  Lieutenant  of  the  "  Phcebe,"  Hind- 
marsh  commanded  the  boats  of  that  frigate 
at  the  capture  of  many  of  the  enemy's 
vessels,  and  in  one  instance  having  stormed 
successfully  some  batteries  near  Toulon, 
he  brought  out  a  ship  which  had  been 
lying  under  their  protection.  After  par- 
ticipating in  the  battle  of  Trafalgar,  1805, 
he  contributed  at  its  close  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  two  of  the  prizes,  the  "  Swiftsure" 
and  the  "  Bahama."  Afterwai-ds  as  First 
Lieutenant  of  the  "Beagle,"  18,  he  was  for 
a  long  time  on  the  coast  of  France,  and 
proved  instrumental  to  the  capture  of 
many  very  heavy  privateers.  During  the 
destruction  of  the  French  squadron  in 
Aix  roads  in  1809  the  "  Beagle,"  with  a 
degree  of  gallantry  that  procured  her 
general  admiration,  took  up  a  position 
between  Her  Majesty^s  ships  and  the 
enemy,  and  remained  on  the  quarters  of 
the  "  Aquilon,"  74,  and  the  "  ViUe  de 
Varsovie,"  80,  until  they  successively  struck 
their  colours.  She  then  followed  the 
"Ocean,"  120,  up  the  river  Charente,  and 
having  moored  across  her  stern,  continued 
in  hot  action  with  her  for  a  period  of  five 
hours,  when  the  turning  of  the  tide  com- 
l)elled  her  to  desist  After  assisting  at 
the  reduction  of  Flushing,  Hindmarsh 
was  nominated  first  lieutenant  of  the 
• "  Nisus,"  38,  Captain  Philip  Beaver,  and 
ordered  to  the  Isle  of  France,  where  he 
took  command  of  a  large  detachment  of 
boats  belonging  to  the  several  ships 
engaged,  and  stormed  the  coast  batteries, 
and  thereby  subjugated  that  island.  It 
appeared  by  a  letter  to  the  London  Times, 
written  many  years  afterwards  by  the 
surgeon  of  the  "  Nisus,"  that  owing  to  the 
severe  illness  of  the  captain  at  the  time, 
the  entire  enterprise  was  planned  and 
carried  out  by  Lieutenant  Hindmarsh. 
In  1811  he  was  at  the  fall  of  Java,  to 
which  he  was  signally  instrumental ;  and 
in  1814  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Commander.  His  slow  promotion  after 
.  such  distinguished  services  is  accounted 
for  by  the  fact,  that  in  those  days  the 
accounts  of  daiing  feats  of  bravery  yrere 
scarcely  recorded  in  the  case  of  officers 


below  the  rank  of  captain,  and  it  was  not 
till  after  the  British  Government  bestowed 
the  long  coveted  war-medals,  that  it  was 
discovered  that  Sii*  John  Hindmarsh  was 
entitled  to  the  war-medal  with  seven 
clasps  for  his  distinguished  services,  being 
the  gi-eatest  number,  save  in  one  instance, 
received  by  any  officer  in  the  Navy.  In 
1830  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
"Scylla,"  18,  and  wiis  advanced  to  |x>st- 
rank  the  following  year  and  returned 
home.  In  1836  Captain  Hindmarsh  was 
appointed  to  the  "  Buffalo,"  6,  and  founded 
the  Province  of  South  Australia,  of  which 
he  became  the  first  Governor.  In  1840 
he  was  nominated  to  the  Government  of 
Heligoland,  which,  after  holding  for  nearly 
seventeen  years,  he  relinquished  in  1857. 
During  his  8er\  ice  in  that  island  he 
i-eceived  many  long-delayed  honours.  Hav- 
ing been  invested  with  the  insignia  of  a 
Knight  of  Hanover  from  King  William 
IV,  ill  1836,  he  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood  from  Her  Majesty,  Queen 
Victoria,  in  1851,  with  the  "  Good-service 
Pension,"  together  with  the  war  medal  and 
seven  clasps,  already  mentioned,  having 
been  engaged  in  seven  great  actions,  besides 
in  nearly  one  hundred  fights  with  the 
enemy.  In  1856  he  obtained  the  rank  of 
Kear-AdmiraL  He  was  also  presented 
with  a  gold  goblet  by  King  Frederick  VI 
of  Denmark,  for  his  noble  impartiality 
during  the  Sleswic-Holstein  and  Danish 
War.  He  died  in  1859.  Sir  John  mar- 
ried Susanna  Wilson,  daughter  of  H  D. 
Edmeades,  Esq.  They  had  an  only  son 
John,  a  barrister  of  the  Middle  Temple 
and  J.  P.  of  Port  Elliot,  South  Australia, 
and  three  daughters, — one  married  to  the 
late  John  Ellis,  Esq.,  of  Kelverton  Hall, 
Essex,  another  (deceased)  to  the  late 
Alfred  Miller  Mundy,  Esq.,  of  Shipley 
Hall,  Derbyshire,  and  cousin  of  the  Duke 
of  Newcastle,  and  a  third  daughter  mar- 
ried to  George  Milner  Stephen,  Esq., 
barrister  of  the  Middle  Temple,  formerly 
Acting-Governor  and  Colonial  Secretary 
of  South  Australia. 

HIXSON,  Captain  Francis,  was  bom 

at  Dorsetshire,    England.     He   came  to 

•Sydney  in  H.M.S.  "  Havannah,"  in  1848. 

When  the  '* Havannah"  was  paid  off  he 

was  appointed  in  1852  to  the  ''Herald^" 


HOCKING— HODGSON. 


93 


under  the  command  of  Captain  Sir  H.  M. 
Denham.  In  1857,  the  Humane  Society- 
awarded  him  their  silver  medal  for  saving 
the  life  qf  Thomas  Ross.  In  1861  the 
"  Herald "  returned  to  England,  and  he 
was  appointed  chief  assistant  to  Com- 
mander Sidney,  in  the  survey  of  the  coasts 
of  New  South  Wales.  In  1863  he  left 
the  Navy  and  was  appointed  Superinten- 
dent of  Pilots,  Light-houses,  and  Harbours. 
He  is  President  of  the  Marine  Board, 
and  a  member  of  the  Defence  Commission. 
In  1861  he  married  Sarah,  second  daugh- 
ter of  the  Hon.  Francis  Lord,  and  has  a 
numerous  €amily. 

HOCKING,  Henry  Hicks,  was  edu- 
cated at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  graduated  B.A.  in  1864,  and  B.C.L.  in 
1867.  He  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1867, 
and  joined  the  Home  Circuit.  In  1872  he 
was  appointed  to  his  present  office  of 
Attomey-Greneral  of  Western  Australia. 

HODGKINSON,  William  Oswald, 
bom  in  England,  came  out  to  Australia 
very  yoimg.  He  is  a  smart  enterprising 
journalist,  employed  on  most  of  the 
colonial  papers,  known  as  a  sarcastic  and 
withering  writer,  but  being  of  a  nomadic 
nature  with  great  love  of  adventure, 
joined  the  celebrated  McKinlay  expedi- 
tion across  the  continent,  and  his  name 
is  well  remembered  in  the  chronicles  of 
the  expedition  as  one  of  the  soul-stirrers 
of  the  party.  At  the  return  of  the 
expedition,  again  joined  the  circle  of  the 
fourth  estate,  and  for  several  years  edited 
with  great  ability  the  Rockhampton  Bulletin, 
He  next  founded  the  Globe,  a  bi-weekly 
journal  in  the  same  town,  but  this  not 
proving  a  financial  success,  left  for  the 
newly  opened  sugar  districts,  Port  Maxjkay, 
where  he  started  the  Mackay  Mercury, 
and  after  a  short  time  disposed  of  it  to 
the  present  proprietor,  Mr.  Wright,  who 
has  carried  on  the  journal  most  success- 
folly,  and  it  is  now  the  le^ling  newspaper 
of  the  sugar  district  of  Mackay.  After 
disposal  of  the  Mercury,  Mr.  Hodgkinson 
returned  to  Eockhampton  and  entered  into 
mining  agency,  successfully  floating  the 
firat  three  mining  companies  in  the  central 
districts,  the  Alliance,  Bonnie  Doon,  and 
Britannia.  Shortly  after  this  the  northern 
gold-field  of  Eavenswood  was  opened,  and 


he  pi*oceeded  thither,  where  he  started 
several  mining  companies  with  success, 
and  eventually  owned  the  Mabel  machine, 
which  was  popular  with  the  diggers,  this 
enabling  him  to  do  a  very  fair  crushing-trade. 
Mr.  Hodgkinson  afterwards  sought  the 
arena  of  politics,  and  was  returned  for  the 
Bourke  district.  During  the  time  he  occu- 
pied his  seat  in  Parliament,  he  was  noted 
for  his  able  and  piquant  speeches,  especi- 
ally with  regard  to  northern  interests 
and  the  interests  of  his  vast  Electorate, 
which  is  now  represented  by  R.  H. 
Sheaffe,  one  of  the  chief  proprietors  of 
the  Great  Australian  Copper  mine.  Dur- 
ing the  Macalister  regime  of  1875-6,  Mr. 
Hodgkinson  was  chosen  as  the  leader  of 
the  Great  North-western  Expedition,  and 
thereupon  resigned  his  seat.  The  results 
of  the  expedition  are  well  known ;  they 
added  no  inconsiderable  amount  of  know- 
ledge of  the  territory  to  the  north-west 
of  Queensland  hitherto  unexplored,  and 
have  been  in  a  great  measure  the  means 
of  opening  up  one  of  the  finest  pastoral 
countries  in  the  worid,  now  known  as  the 
Diamantina  country.  On  his  return,  the 
Government,  in  recognition  of  his  Rer^'ices, 
appointed  him  Warden  of  the  Etheridge 
gold-field. 

HODGSON,  Sir  Arthur,  KC.M.G., 
arrived  in  Sydney  in  1840,  and  was  not 
long  here  before  he  and  others  were  at- 
tracted to  the  district  of  Moreton  Bay ; 
they  were  the  first  to  settle  on  Darling 
Downs.  On  his  camping  ground  he 
found  a  knife,  and  the  maker  happeidng 
to  have  been  known  to  him  when  at  Eton, 
he  called  the  homestead  Eton  Vale.  Be- 
fore the  separation  of  the  Colony  of  Queens- 
land, he  represented  Darling  Downs  in  the 
New  South  Wales  Parliament.  In  1856 
he  was  appointed  General  Superintendent 
of  the  Australian  Agricultural  Company. 
In  1862  he  represented  Queensland  at  the 
London  ExhibitiofL  After  the  separation 
of  the  Colony  of  Queensland,  he  repre- 
sented the  Warrego,  and  was  Premier  of 
Queensland  at  the  time  of  the  Duke  of 
Edinburgh's  visit  In  1874  he  returned 
to  England,  where  he  received  a  public 
welcome  to  his  estate.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  Judge  Dowling.  He  was 
knighted  in  1878. 


u 


fiQLDS£r:-<HDLBOTD. 


HOLDEN,  George  Kenyok,  was  bora 
at  Worcester  in  1806.  He  became  an 
attorney  and  solicitor,  and  in  1831  came 
out  to  Sydney,  and  was  appointed  Private 
Secretary  to  Sir  Richard  Bourke.  In  1837 
he  was  appointed  Crown  Prosecutor,  but 
this  being  considered  an  office  for  a  bar- 
rister,  be  shortly  afterwards  retired  and 
practised  in  his  own  branch  of  the  profes- 
sion. In  1861  he  was  appointed  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Council,  and  distin- 
guished himself  as  an  advocate  for  law 
reform.  In  1862  he  took  the  office  of 
Examiner  of  Titles.  He  wrote  several 
papers  on  legal  and  social  subjects  He 
died  at  his  residence,  Rockton,  Sydney, 
April  16, 1874,  leaving  five  sons  and  three 
daughters. 

HOLROYD,  Arthur  Todd,  M.D., 
r.Z.S.,  F.L.S.,F.RG.S.,  Master-in-Equity, 
was  bom  in  London,  December  1,  1806. 
He  was  educated  ffirst  at  private  schools 
and  then  for  two  years  at  the  Ripon 
Grammar  School.  In  1824  he  com- 
menced a  medical  career  with  Mr.  W. 
Wickham,  of  Winchester.  In  1826  he 
became  a  pupil  of  the  Webb-street  School 
of  Anatomy,  in  Southwark.  In  1827  he 
entered  himself  at  Christ  College,  Cam- 
bridge, to  take  a  degree  in  Medicine, 
and  became  a  student  at  the  University  of 
Edinburgh.  In  1830  he  took  his  degree 
of  M.D.  at  Edinburgh,  and  resided  at  Cam- 
bridge until  1831,  when  he  commenced 
practice  as  a  physician  in  London.  In 
1832  he  graduated  M.B.  at  Cambridge, 
and  was  admitted  a  Licentiate  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians,  London.  He  after- 
wards joined  an  association  of  Physicians 
to  obtain  the  same  privileges  for  Scotch 
graduates  as  the  English  ones  enjoyed,  a 
select  committee  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons having  been  appointed  to  inquire 
into  the  subject.  In  1834,  whilst  he  was 
engaged  in  analyaing  the  returns  of  the 
medical  profession,  the  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment were  burnt,  and  these  returns  were 
destroyed.  Finding  from  these  enquiries 
that  the  medical  profession  did  not  pre- 
sent the  alluring  prospects  he  expected,  he 
determined  to  reUnquish  it,  and  entered  at 
Lincoln's  Inn,  to  be  called  to  the  Bar. 
He  resolved  first  to  travel,  and  in  June, 
1835,  left  England  and  wintered  in  Rome, 


in  order  to  master  the  Italian  language  y 
in  September,  1836,  he  arrived  in  Alex- 
andria He  ascended  the  Nile  to  tkB" 
second  cataract,  and  then  proceeded  to 
Dongolah,  Ambukol,  and  across  the  Desert 
of  Bayudah  to  Khartoom.  He  proceeckd 
up  the  Blue  Nile  to  Sennaar,  returned  to 
Wad-Medinah,  and  crossed  the  Des^  to 
the  White  Nile,  whence  he  went  in  a 
south-westerly  direction  to  Kordofan,  and 
then  returned  to  Cairo.  From  infor- 
mation obtained  in  these  travels  regarding 
slave  hu)iting,  he  was  able  to  assist  in 
suppressing  the  praotioe,  and  was  hig^y 
successful  in  the  first  remonstrance  made 
to  the  Egyptian  Government  on  the  subject 
In  July,  1838,  he,  with  Mr.  Andrews, 
travelled  through  Suez,  Mount  Sinai, 
Palestine,  and  Syria,  and  returned  to  Lon- 
don in  November.  Up  to  a  recent  date 
"Holrovd's  tracks"  were  marked  on 
African  mapa  He  intended  to  publish  his 
travels,  but  could  not  agree  with  the  book- 
sellers. In  1 841  he  was  called  to  the  Bar, 
and,  after  a  time,  determined  to  emigrate, 
and  arrived  in  New  Zealand  in  1843, 
where  he  i-emained  for  two  years,  but 
on  the  outbreak  at  Koromarika,  he 
left  and  came  to  Sydney,  in  November, 
1845,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar. 
In  1851  he  was  elected  to  Parliament, 
for  the  western  boroughs  (Bathurst  and 
Carcoar)  but  in  1858  was  defeated  by 
Mr.  Rotton.  In  1860  he  was  elected  for 
Parramatta,  and  was  for  some  time  Chair- 
man of  Committeea  He  was  one  of  the 
Commissioners  for  laying  out  Hyde  Park, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  working  of  the 
first  building  societies  in  Sydney.  He  was 
Minister  for  Works  in  Sir  James  Martin's 
ministry  in  1863-4.  In  1866  he  was  ap- 
pointed Master-in-Equity;  and  in  March, 
1879,  Acting  Supreme  Court  Judga  He 
has  been  a  Fellow  of  the  Zoological  Society 
of  London  since  its  commencement,  1827, 
of  the  Linnean  Sodely  since  1829,  and  of 
the  Royal  Geographicid  Society  since  1839. 
He  has  been  twice  married  and  has  one 
daughter.  He  is  fond  of  forming,  and 
for  the  last  ten  years  has  added  to  his 
&nning  ^^UbucL  the  Sherwood  Dndn 
Tile  Works  for  the  manufacture  of  agri> 
cultural  drain  pipes,  and  tiles ;  these  hm 
proved  a  great  boon  to  the  colony. 


HOLT— HOLT. 


&» 


HOLT,  Captain,  brother  of  Hon.  Thomas 
flolt  of  the  Warren,  Cook's  River,  Sydney, 
arrived  in  Auckland,  New  Zealand,  in 
1853 ;  was  for  a  short  time  in  the  Colonial 
Secretary's  Office ;  was  then  for  a  twelve- 
month on  the  staff  ot  Acting  Cxovemor 
Colonel  Wynyard,  C.B.,  and  subsequently 
for  five  years  on  the  staff  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gore  Browne.  Mr.  Holt  then  became 
Clerk  of  the  Executive  Council  During 
the  war  of  1862,  Mr.  Holt  received  a 
Captain's  commission  in  the  2nd  Native 
Begiment,  and  was  appointed  A.D.C.  to 
Governor  Sir  Greorge  Grey.  He  then  be- 
came appointed  Under-Seci^tary  for  Colo- 
nial Defences.  In  1872-3,  Captain  Holt 
established  an  agency  called  the  Press 
Telegram  Agency  for  distributing  to  the 
various  newspapers  throughout  New  Zea- 
land intcrpi-ovincial,  intercolonial,  and 
European  news  by  telegraph.  Of  this 
very  extensive  Press  Agency,  Captain  Holt 
and  his  i)artner,  Mr.  McCarthy  are  still 
proprietors  and  managers.  Captain  Holt 
is  married  to  a  sister  of  Judge  Fenton,  of 
Auckland. 

HOLT,  Joseph,  was  bom  at  Bally- 
(laniel,  County  Wicklow,  in  1756.  In 
KS2  he  married  Hester  Long,  of  Hound- 
vood.  in  that  county,  and  for  sixteen  years 
afterwards  he  lived  a  country  life  as  a  small 
farmer,  Overseer  of  Public  Works  in  the 
parish  of  Dinclossory  and  the  Barony  of 
Ballynewr,  and  Deputy  Billet-Master.  Li 
1T94,  he  distinguished  himself  by  the  cap- 
ture of  a  notorious  robber  named  Bogers. 
hi  1798,  being  unable  to  obtain  payment 
of  a  sum  of  money  that  was  due  to  him, 
and  having  threatened  legal  proceedings 
to  recover  it,  his  debtor  obtained  a  party 
of  the  Fermanagh  miHtia,  a  thing  easily 
aone  m  those  troubled  times.  He  escaped, 
but  his  house  was  burnt,  and  his  family 
turned  out  of  doors.  This  drove  him  into  the 
"anks  of  the  rebels,  where  he  was  honour- 
aWy  distinguished  not  only  by  his  ability 
as  a  leader,  but  by  his  repression  of  plun- 
<ler  and  maintenance  of  discipline.  Gene- 
ral Moore  offered  to  accept  his  surrender 
towards  the  end  of  the  year,  but  he  would 
not  desert  his  men,  and  the  overture  came 
^nothing.  A  man  named  Quin  betrayed 
ohn»  Mid  he  and  eight  others  were  sur- 
fwmded  in  Quin's  house,  but  he  and  five 


others  escaped.  On  November  10th,  he 
surrendered.  His  life  was  spared,  but 
he  was  sent  to  New  South  Wales.  Here 
he  was  manager  for  Mr.  W.  Cox.  In  1804 
occurred  a  dangerous  outbreak  amongst 
the  convicts,  and  they  being  partly  com* 
posed  of  the  Irish  rebels,  and  knowing  he 
had  been  "out"  in  '98,  wished  him  to 
join  them,  but  he  utterly  refused  to  do  so, 
and  made  judicious  arrangements  for  the 
defence  of  Mr.  Cox's  house.  But  his  in- 
fluence v/ith  the  prisoners  was  known  to 
be  great,  and  they  declared  that  he  was  to 
have  been  their  leader ;  this  causing  him 
to  be  suspected,  he  was  sent  to  Nor- 
folk Island.  He  afterwards,  about  1814, 
received  a  free  pardon  and,  returning 
to  Irelaoid,  passed  his  latter  years  in 
comfort  and  respectability  at  Kingston, 
near  Dublin,  where  he  died  May  16,  1826. 

HOLT,  HuQH  William  Lea,  was  bom 
at  Newcastle,  New  South  Wales,  Feb- 
ruary  2,  1846.  He  is  employed  at 
the  Newcastle  station  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railway.  He  has  by  his  per- 
sonal exertions  saved  more  than  twenty 
persons  from  drowning,  besides  contribut- 
ing in  the  lifeboat  to  assist  others  in 
doing  so.  The  Royal  Humane  Society 
awarded  him  their  medal  in  1867,  and  in 
September,  1871,  the  Governor  publicly 
presented  him  with  a  gold  medal  in  recog* 
nition  of  his  gallant  conduct. 

HOLT,  Hon.  Thomas,  ML.C.,  is  a  son 
of  a  wool  merchant,  in  Leeds.  He  was 
bom  at  Horbury,  Yorkshire,  in  1811.  He 
i*eceived  his  education  at  several  schools, 
amongst  which  was  that  of  the  Bev.  Bichard 
Cope,  LL.D.,  at  Wakefield.  Mr.  Holt 
left  school  at  the  early  age  of  14  years, 
and  immediately  joined  his  father,  re* 
maining  for  three  years  in  Leeds  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  business.  He  went  to  Lon- 
don, and  was  engaged  in  buying  wool  very 
entensively  for  three  years.  He  was  next 
sent  to  Germany,  and  attended  all  the  wool 
fairs.  From  Germany  he  proceeded  to  Spain, 
where  he  remained  for  nearly  three  years. 
After  a  short  stay  at  home  ho  returned 
to  Germany,  because  the  German  wool  was 
superseding  the  SpanisL  Whilst  residing  in 
that  countiy  he  made  occasional  trips  to 
Austria  and  Hungary.  In  1832  he  was 
admitted  a  partner  in  his  father's  busineHS, 


96 


HOLTERMANN— HOSKINS. 


In  1842  lie  came  to  Australia.  He  was 
engaged  in  wool-buying  in  this  coimtry  till 
1855,  when  he  retired.  During  his  busi- 
ness in  Australia  he  has  engaged  in  various 
business  speculations,  purchased  large  sta- 
tion properties  in  Queensland,  and  landed 
estates  in  New  South  Wales,  which  he  now 
holds,  notably,  Arthursleigh,  Wingello, 
and  Kiama;  and  tho  magniiicent  estate 
and  private  residence,  "  The  Warren,"  at 
Cook's  River.  Mr.  Holt's  political  career 
commenced  in  1856,  the  first  year  under 
Responsible  Government,  when  he  was 
elected  for  the  Stanley  Borough  (Brisbane 
and  Ipswich).  On  the  formation  of  the 
Donaldson  ministry  he  accepted  the  office 
of  Colonial  Treasurer,  and  was  re-elected 
without  opposition.  He  was  afterwards 
elected  to  represent  Newtown,  and  re- 
mained a  Member  of  the  Assembly  until 
after  the  dissolution  of  1866,  when  he 
visited  Europe.  He  was  absent  from  the 
colony  for  two  years,  and  returned  in  1868. 
Shortly  afterwards  he  was  nominated  to  a 
seat  in  the  Legislative  Council  In  1873 
he  was  made  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
Education.  Mr.  Holt's  benevolence  and 
liberality  has  frequently  been  manifested 
in  his  support  of  public  undertakings  and  in 
private  charities. 

HOLTERMANN,  Bernard  O.,  the 
finder  of  the  largest  mass  of  gold  in  Aus- 
tralia, which  was  discovered  on  June 
21,  1871,  and  which  weighed  before  it 
was  broken  up  6301b.,  and  was  worth 
j£l  2,000.  He  has  been  a  very  persevering 
digger.  In  1856  he  began  to  work  at 
Hawkin's  Hill,  but  about  two  years  after- 
wards the  workings  there  were  given  up, 
gold  becoming  scarce  and  the  quartz  veiy 
hard.  After  various  unsuccessful  resump- 
tions, in  the  beginning  of'  1871  he  opened 
out  a  vein  yielding  50  ozs.  per  ton  when 
•crushed.  His  partner,  Mr.  Beyers,  sold 
out  his  share  for  £70,000,  but  Mr. 
Holtermann  held  on  to  his  interest.  He 
devoted  a  portion  of  his  fortunes  to  the 
improvement  of  photography,  and  suc- 
'Ceeded  in  producing  some  of  the  largest 
views  of  the  city  of  Sydney  ever  taken. 

HORNE,  *  Richard  Henry,  poet  and 
•critic,  bom  in  1803,  and  educated  at  the 
Royal  Military  College,  Sandhurst,  en- 
tered the  Mexican  Navy  as  a  midshipman. 


At  the  close  of  the  war  with  Spain,  he 
i*etumed  to  England  and  devoted  himself 
to  literature.  For  some  time  he  was 
editor  of  the  MoiUMy  Ilepomtory.  He 
published  "TlieDeath  of  Marlowe,"  "Cosmo 
de  Medici,"  "The  Death  Fetch,"  "Gregoiy 
VII,"  "Orion,"  the  latter  his  principal  work 
(and  published  at  a  farthing,  an  odd  derice 
intended  as  a  sarcasm  upon  the  low  esti- 
mation into  which  the  author  thought 
epic  poetry  had  fallen),  and  a  volume  of 
ballad  romances.  He  has  also  contributed 
to  periodical  literature.  In  1852  he  came 
out  to  Victoria,  and  was  appointed  to 
command  the  Gold  Escort  between  Bal- 
larat  and  Melbourne.  In  1 868  he  return^ 
to  England,  and  obtained  a  Civil  Ust 
pension  in  1874. 

HOSKINS,  Hon.  James,  M.L.A,  bom 
in  London  in  1823.  He  was  sent  at  an 
early  age  to  a  boarding-school,  and  passing 
as  he  attained  different  degrees  of  profi- 
ciency to  higher  schools,  completed  his 
education  in  1840.  In  1853,  attracted 
by  the  brilliant  accounts  of  the  Australian 
El  Dorado,  he  came  out  to  this  country, 
visited  sevenU  gold-fields,  and  carried  on 
the  work  of  a  digger  amidst  no  httle 
hai*dships  and  with  some  success,  espe- 
cially on  the  northern  gold-fields.  His 
intelligence  and  integrity  commended  him 
to  those  who  were  engaged  in  the  same 
pursuit,  and  in  1859  he  was  returned  to 
the  Legislative  Assembly  by  the  electors  of 
the  Noi-them  Goldfields.  In  the  House 
Mr.  Hoskins  has  been  remarkable  for  long 
speeches  and  elaborate  criticisms  on  the 
policy  and  administration  of  successive 
Governments,  especially  of  their  manage- 
ment of  the  departments  of  Lands  and  of 
Works.  In  Parliament  he  has  always 
claimed  the  right  and  asserted  the  duty  of 
every  Member  of  Parliament  to  support  a 
ministry  as  long  as  its  course  df  action 
approved  itself  to  his  judgment,  and 
of  voting  against  it  as  soon  as  its 
erroi-s  or  remissness  in  the  fulfilment  of 
its  duty  convinced  him  that  it  was  no 
longer  worthy  of  his  suppoi^t.  Mr.  Hoskins 
himself  lias  frequently  acted  on  that 
principle.  Indeed,  scarcely  a  Govern- 
ment has  been  in  office  whilst  he  has 
been  a  Member  of  the  House,  which 
has  not  experienced  in  succession  his  sup- 


HOTHAM— HOWITT. 


97 


port  and  his  opposition.  Accustomed  to 
weigh  impartially  the  merits  and  defects 
of  those  in  power,  and  to  mark  every 
change  in  their  policy  and  action,  he  has 
not  shrunk  from  giving  expression  to  his 
own  changes  of  opinion.  He  accepted  the 
diarge  of  the  department  of  Works  in  the 
Parkes  ministry  from  March  to  August, 
1877,  and,  in  December,  1878  again 
accepted  office  as  Minister  for  Lands  in 
the  Parkes-Robertson  ministry.  In  1872 
he  represented  Patrick's  Plains,  and  in 
1874  the  Tumut  Electorate,  which  latter 
seat  he  continues  to  hold. 

HOTHAM,  Sir  Charles,  K.C.B.,  bom 
1800,  Bennington,  Suffolk,  England,  son 
of  Rev.  Frederick  Hotham,  Prebendary  of 
Kochester  and  grandson  of  Lord  Hotham, 
one  of  the  Barons  of  Court  of  Exchequer. 
Young  Hotham  entered  the  British  Navy 
November  6, 1818  ;  was  present  at  the  en- 
gagement between  the  boats  of  the  "Naiad" 
and  a  brig  of  war  alongside  the  walls  at 
the  fortress  of  Bona ;  in  September,  1825, 
vas  made  a  lieutenant  in  the  "  Revenge," 
76,  flagship  of  Sir  H  Burrard  Neale,  of 
the  Mediterranean  station ;  on  May  15, 
1826,  appointed  to  the  "Medina,"  20  guns ; 
on  December  8,  1827,  first  lieutenant  of 
the  "Terror";  in  consequence  of  distin- 
guidiing  himself  on  the  occasion  of  the 
wreck  of  the  **  Terror,"  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Commander  on  August  13, 
1828 ;  after  an  interval  on  half-pay  was 
appointed  to  the  "Cordelia,"  10  guns,  and 
returned  to  the  Mediterranean ;  on  Octo- 
ber 2nd,  raised  to  the  rank  of  post  captain ; 
on  November  25,  1842,  was  appointed 
to  the  "  Grorgon  "  on  the  South  American 
coast ;  in  November,  1845,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  several  British  ships  and  a 
small  French  force,  Captain  Hotham 
ascended  the  Parana,  and  in  an  engage- 
ment on  the  20th,  with  a  force  of  180 
seamen  and  150  marines,  against  General 
Kosas  and  four  heavy  batteries,  alto- 
gether consisting  of  a  force  of  3,000 
men,  defeated  the  latter;  for  this  service 
he  was  in  March,  1846,  nominated  a 
K.C.B.;  appointed  Governor  of  Victoria, 
June  21,  1854;  died  in  Melbourne, 
December  31,  1855.  Sir  Charles  married 
in  1853  Hon.  Jane  Sarah  Wood,  daughter 
of  Lord  Bridport 

^ 


HOVELL,  Captain  William  Hilton, 
explorer,  was  bom  at  Yarmouth,  April  26, 
1786.  He  adopted  maritime  pursuits, 
and  in  1813  arrived  in  Sydney  ^th  his 
wife  and  two  children.  For  six  years  he 
employed  himself  in  trading  along  the 
coast  and  to  New  Zealand,  and  in  1819 
settled  down  on  a  farm  at  Narellan.  Thence 
he  made  several  excursions,  and  on  one 
occasion  travelled  from  Ulladulla  to  Shoal- 
haven.  In  1824  he  accompanied  Mr. 
Hamilton  Hume  in  the  great  journey  over- 
land to  Fort  Phillip ;  in  1826  was  one 
of  the  party  who  formed  a  settlement  at 
Western  Port ;  and  in  1829  took  up  his 
residence  at  Goulbum.  He  died  in  Sydney 
in  1876. 

HOWE,  George,  first  newspaper  printer 
in  New  South  Wales,  bom  in  the  Island 
of  St  Kitts,  West  Indies,  afterwards  em- 
ployed on  the  London  Times,  arrived  in 
Sydney  in  1800  ;  published  the  first 
number  of  the  Sydney  Gazette  and  New 
SotUh  Wales  Advertiser,  May  5,  1803, 
receiving  for  it  a  salary  of  £60  per 
annum  from  the  Government.  The  first 
paper  was  issued  weekly,  published  on 
Saturdays,  by  Mr.  Howe,  but  after  April 
2,  1803,  it  was  published  every  Sunday. 
Mr.  Howe  died  May  11,  1821. 

HOWITT,  William,  historian  and 
descriptive  writer,  bom  at  Heanor,  county 
of  Derby,  in  1795.  He  devoted  him- 
self to  the  study  of  chemistry,  natural 
history,  and  other  sciences.  In  1823  he 
married  Miss  Mary  Botham,  who  assisted 
bim  in  his  studies  and  literary  pursuits, 
so  that  the  names  of  William  and  Mary 
Howitt  are  always  associated.  Their  first 
work  was  "The  Forest  Minstrel"  Then 
followed  "  Eyam,"  a  poem ;  "  Book  of 
Seasons,"  in  1831 ;  "  History  of  Priests 
craft,"  in  1833 ;  "Rural  Life  in  England," 
"  Colonisation  and  Christianity,"  "  Visits 
to  Remarkable  Places,"  "  Old  Halls  and 
Battle  Fields,"  "The  Boy's  Country  Book"; 
and  in  1840,  whilst  on  a  visit  to  Germany, 
"  Student  life  in  Grermany,"  and  "Life  in 
Germany" ;  and  having  studied  the  Scandi- 
navian language,  they  in  1842  produced 
"History  of  Scandinavian  Literature." 
After  their  return  to  England  they  pub- 
lished "The  Aristocracy  of  England," 
"Haunts  and  Homes  of  British  Poets," 


98 


HULL— HUMK 


''The  Hall  and  Hamle V  and  << Madame 
Dorriiui^ton  of  Deana"  Li  1852  they 
saUedX^Austiaiia,  and  during  their  rtay 
iheirsom  performed  valuab^8er%-ioe  u 
•aqplorets.  The  eldest,  Alfred  William, 
was  leader  of  the  Burke  and  Wills  Search 
Expedition,  and  made  two  successful 
journeys  to  Cooper's  Creek,  discovered 
King,  the  sole  survivor,  and  on  the  second 
occasion  brought  home  the  bodies  of  the 
explorers.  Their  second  son  was  unfortu- 
nately dK>wned  whilst  cutting  a  track  over 
the  mountains,  between  Chnstchurdi  and 
Canterbury,  New  Zealand.  On  his  return 
to  England,  in  1854,  W.  Howitt  published 
"  Land,  Labour,  and  Gold. "  He  afterwards 
wrote  an  "Illustrated  ffistory  of  England," 
'^  Ruined  Castles  and  Abbeys  of  GresLt 
Britain  and  L%land,''  "  The  HisUxry  of  the 
Supernatural  in  all  Ages  and  Nations," 
"Iietters  on  Transportation,"  and  "TheHis- 
tory  of  Discovery  in  Australia,  Tasmania, 
and  New  Zealand."  He  died  at  Rome, 
aged  84,  March  3,  1879.  Mary  Howitt 
is  also  especially  noted  for  her  delightful 
translations  of  the  works  of  Fredmka 
Bremer,  the  popular  Swedish  novelist. 

HULL,  Huon  Munro,  was  in  1842 
Secl*etary  to  the  Governor  of  Van 
Diemen's  Land ;  senior  clerk  in  the  Secre- 
tary's Office,  1843;  in  1844,  Statistician 
and  Secretaiy-  to  Committee  of  Officers ;  in 
1856,  Police  Magistrate,  Coroner,  and 
Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions ;  in  1864, 
Clerk  to  the  House  of  Assembly;  in  1876, 
Secretary  to  the  Philadelphia  Exhibition 
Commission.  Author  of  "  Forty  Years  in 
Tasmania,"  ''Tasmania  in  1871,"  ''Hints 
to  Emigrants,"  and  "  Tasmania  a  Field  for 
British  Emigration." 

HUME,  Andrew,  bom  in  Scotland, 
in  1835,  was  brought  out  by  his  parents 
whilst  yet  an  infant.  In  1851  he  went 
to  the  Turon  diggings,  and,  not  having 
much  success,  struck  across  the  countiy 
for  the  Warr^o,  working  on  the  way 
for  diffeirent  peopla  He  returned  to  the 
settled  districts  in  1861,  and  found  his 
&th6r  keeping  a  store  in  Maitland.  He 
set  out  again  exploring,  starting  from  the 
Comet,  in  Queensland,  and  his  statement 
inuB  that  he  went  west  and  north-west  till 
he  saw  the  sea,  and  that  lie  found  a  white 
maa  amongst  the  blacks  who  told  him  that 


he  was  the  onlv  survivor  of  Lewrhhanit^i 
Expedition.     He  got  back  to  the  oolany 
in  1 865.    He  was  appr^ended  on  a  charge 
of  stealing  the  horse  he  was  riding,  tried 
before  Judge  Carey,  at  WeUingtca,  and 
sentenced  to  ten  years'  imprisanmant   He 
said  nothing  of  his  travels  for  five  yeus» 
when  he  made  the  above  statement)  and 
he  was  sent  with  OHea  and  Thompaon 
to  the  place  where  he  said  he  had  seen 
the  white  man,   and  to  recover  certain 
buried  papers.  They  started  from  I>3aiover 
Downs,  and  left  the  Wilson  for  Cooper's 
Creek  in  the   latter  part  of  Novem^ 
1874,  but  failing  to  discover  water  on  the 
fourth  day  Hume  and  OHea  broke  d0wa» 
and  Thompson,  after  much  suffering,  made 
his  way  back  to  Diynan's  station.    A  psrtj 
went  out  to  search  for  the  missing  men,  ind 
found  Hume  dead,  but  did  not  see  CHei^ 
whose  body,  however,  was  found  shorty 
afterwards  bysomeblacks  notveryfaraws^. 
HUME,  Hamiltok,  F.R.G.&,Exploi«; 
bom  at  Parramatta,  June  18,  1797,  son  of 
Andrew  HamilUm  Hume,  of  the  Ck»nnus- 
sariat  deimrtmeut,  whose  wife  was  Elinr 
both  Moore,  second  dau^iter  of  the  Bev. 
John    Kennedy,    Vicar    of    Teston  and 
Nettlestead,  Kent,  England.     At  the  age 
of  17,  Hiimilton  Hume,  accompanied  by 
his  brother,  John  Kennedy  Hume,  and  a 
bkusk  boy,  a  native  of  Appin,  started  un 
an  exploring  journey,  and  discoverod,  in 
the  month  of  August,  1814,  the  countiy 
around  what  is  now  known  as  JBerriiaa 
and  Bong  Bong,  or  Toom4>oong.    In  Jult^ 
of  1816  Hamilton  Hume  led  the  kte  Dc> 
Charles  Throsby,  of  Glenfield,  to  the  faeaii- 
tiful  Toom-boong  country,  which  tiiis  gen- 
tleman af^ierwards  oociq>ied.     In  Mard^ 
1817,  at  the  request  g^  Governor  Mao- 
quarie;     Hume     accompanied    Survi^si* 
Meehan  to  the  ''  new  country"  £or  farther 
explorations,    and    they    disooverod   te 
upper  portioa  of  the  Shoattiaven  Bivec, 
Lake  i^i^urst,  Goulbum  Fiaim,  ica   Y(r 
these    services   Hume  was  ^nmted  300 
«^o£  kad  near  Aj,pu,  wh^r;Ud 
forscBne  years.     In  1819,  Hume  aoooiB- 
panied  Messrs.  Oxley  and  Meehan  to  Jervii 
Bay.    Mr.Oxley  returned  bysea  to  Sydney 
and  Messrs.  Meehan  and  Hume  isravalled 
to  Sydney  ovedand  bj  way  of  Toom^xKJng- 
In   1820  Hume,  at   the  jpequest  of  Bf* 


IIJ 


HUlffTrat— IMIAY. 


M 


^^^^^t    mooompanifid    tke    latter,   aiid 
^^^nted  out  to  laia  the  ^aoeuitiy  lie  liad  dis- 

>^ov6red,    in    ooiyuncticm  with   Survejor 
Jhehao,  ia  1817.     In  1821   Hume,  in 

^wpany  with  Mr.  G.  Barber,  Mr.  W.  H. 

t^nm^ton,  and  Ida  lirotlier  Mr.  J.  £. 

^vme,  diaoovered  the  Yaas  Phiinfi.  In 
XB22,  Hume  aocxxmpanied  Lieiit.  IL  Joha- 
saon,  &.!}.,  and  Alexander  Beny,  Esf.,  in 
the  cutter  "Sdmi^iper,"  down  the  east 
ooist  in  search  of  rivers.  Fn»n  the  upper 
pait  f&.  the  Clyde  Biver,  Beny  and  Hiune 
penetrated  inland  nearly  as  far  as  the 
present  site  of  Braidwood  The  great 
mrvioe  performed  by  Hamilton  Hum^ 
Mompftmed  hy  W.  H.  Hovell,  was  the 
uxA  OYerland  journey  from  Sydney  to 
Port  Phillip.  The  party,  besides  the 
iMdera,  consisted  of  assigned  convicts 
mmed  Claude  Bossawa,  Henry  AngeU, 
James  gifayatriok,  Thomas  Boyd,  William 
BoUaid,  and  Thomas  SmitL  They  left 
A{ifun,  42  miles  from  Sydney,  October  2, 
1824;  reached  Yass  Plains,  October 
loth;  the  Murrumbidgee,  October  19th; 
&covered  the  Tumut,  October  22nd; 
diaeoTaed  and  named  the  Hume  Biver,  in 
compliment  to  his  father,  November  16th; 
diaoorered  the  Mitta  Mitta,  November 
20th;  discovered  and  named  the  Ovens 
Biver,  in  compliment  to  Major  Ovens, 
irho  was  Private  Secretary  to  the  Gover- 
nor of  New  South  Waiea,  November 
24th ;  discovered  and  named  the  Hovell, 
Deoemher  3rd  (afterwards  called  the 
Goolhum,  by  Major  Mitchell,  in  honour 
of  the  Colomal  Secretary  o£  New  South 
Wales/;  reached  Port  Phillip,  about  10 
miles  west  of  Geelong,  December  16th; 
and  December  17th  roftched  the  present 
ate  of  Geelong ;  the  party  then  returned 
homewards,  and  reached  Hume's  Station, 
I^ke  Cedge,  on  January  18,  1825,  and 
tttived  in  Sydney  a  few  days  afterwarda 
Home  was  subsequently  associated  with 
Oiptain  Sturt  (as  second  in  command), 
in  his  great  expedition  to  trace  the  Mac- 
qnazie  Biver.  Hamilton  Hume  was 
nuened  to  Miss  Dight,  but  left  no 
fiuaily.  He  died  at  his  residence,  Yass, 
April  19,  1873,  aged  76  years. 

HUNTER,  Captaih  John,  second 
Govenor  of  New  South  Wale^  was  bom 
i&  Sootiand  and  entered  the  Navy  when  a 


boy;  WHS  in  1787  i^pointed  second  captaki 
of  the  "  Sirius "  with  post  rank.  Urn 
came  out  with  the  "First  Fleet "  in  1788^ 
and  was  employed  in  surveying  Sydnof 
harbour.  In  1791  he  returned  to  Enj^and 
with  despatches,  and  came  out  again  ta 
succeed  Governor  Phillip,  arriving  Sep- 
tember 7,  179a  He  left  September  28^ 
1800 ;  published  an  account  of  New  South 
Wales;  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  "  Venerable  "  74,  and  whilst  cmia- 
ing  in  the  Channel  a  man  fell  overboazd. 
Hunter  put  his  ship  about  though  she  waa 
in  a  dangerous  position.  Unfortunatelf 
she  nussed  stays,  went  aground,  and  was 
lost  On  being  asked  at  the  comt-martial 
why  he  had  ordered  the  ship  to  be  put 
about,  he  replied  that  he  considered  thait 
^  the  life  of  a  British  seaman  was  of  more 
value  than  any  ship  in  His  Majesty^ 
Navy.''  He  was  honourably  acquitted. 
He  died  about  1816. 

ICELY,  Hon.  Thomas,  M.L.C.,  waa 
bom  at  Plymouth  November,  1797.  Ha 
was  brought  up  to  mercantile  pursuits,  and 
came  to  New  South  Wales  in  1819 ; 
made  several  visits  to  Engknd  in  the 
course  of  his  mercantile  and  shipping 
business.  In  1828  he  was  made  a  Magia- 
trate.  In  1830  he  married  Miss  Bothery^ 
and -took  up  his  residence  at  Bungaiibeq^ 
near  Parramatta ;  in  1842  he  wan 
nominated  a  member  of  the  L^gislativa 
Council,  and  in  1843  his  wife  died^ 
leaving  him  two  sons  and  three  daughters. 
His  second  wife  was  Miss  Bartlett,  by 
whom  he  had  a  son  and  a  daughter.  From 
185£  he  was  for  eight  years  out  of  Parlia- 
ment; but  in  1864  was  nominated  to 
the  Upper  House,  and  held  his  seat  until 
his  death.  After  leaving  Bungaribee,  he 
resided  at  Combing'  Park,  near  Carooar. 
From  there  he  removed  to  Greystanes,  and 
in  1867  returned  to  Parramatta  to 
Elizabeth  Farm,  where  he  died  Februaiy 
13,  1874. 

IMLAY,  George,  Alezandeb,  and 
Peter,  three  brothers  who  explored  and 
took  up  country  in  the  Twofold  Bay  dis- 
trict, New  South  Wales,  about  the  year 
1825.  They  explored  the  country,  and 
gradually  erected  stations  for  their  cattle 
at  Pambula^  Candelo,  and  Bega.  Ovi 
December  26,  1846,  one  of  the  brothexa 


100 


INNES— IRONSIDK 


Dr.  G«orge  Imlay,  RK.,  aocidentlj  shot  1 
himsslf  dead  when  hunting  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  station.  He  was 
at  the  time  of  the  sad  occurrence  in 
his  52nd  year.  The  second  brother,  Dr. 
Alexander  Imlay,  of  the  Army  Medical 
Staff  in  Sydney,  died  March  31,  1847,  in 
his  47th  year.  Mr.  Peter  Imlay  is  the 
sole  surviving  brother. 

INNES,  Hon.  Frederick  Maitlakd, 
M.L.C.,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  bom  in 
1816.  He  came  to  Australia  when  he 
WM  Beyenteen  years  of  age,  and  first 
entered  the  Tasmanian  Parliament  at  the 
inauguration  of  free  institutions  in  the 
end  of  1856.  The  year  after  his  entering 
Parliament  the  first  ministry  was  dis- 
placed, and  Mr.  Innes  took  office  as 
Colonial  Treasurer,  and  for  a  short  period 
filled  the  position  of  Colonial  Secretary  in 
the  administration  of  Sir  Francis  Smith 
(now  Cliief  Justice  of  Tasmania),  and 
others,  until  1862.  On  becoming  Colonial 
Secretary,  Mr.  Innes  entered  the  Legisla- 
tive Council,  where  he  sat  until  Novem- 
ber, 1871,  when  he  was  called  upon  to 
form  an  administration.  Upon  taking  the 
office  of  Treasurer  he  returned  to  the 
Assembly.  Whilst  a  member  of  the 
Council,  he  was  for  some  years  Chairman 
of  Committees,  and  for  the  last  five  years 
President  of  that  branch  of  the  Legisla- 
ture. Mr.  Innes  was  for  some  time 
Colonial  Treasurer  and  Premier.  He  has 
generally  identified  himself  with  those 
holding  moderate  opinions  in  politics,  and 
was  instrumental  in  passing  several  mea- 
sures of  importance.  The  chief  of  these 
was  the  giving  to  municipal  and  local 
bodies  an  extended  franchise,  control  of 
police,  &e.  It  may  be  remarked  that  Mr. 
Innes's  official  labours  have  been  of  by 
no  means  a  light  character,  he  having  had 
to  contend  with  the  depression  of  com- 
mercial, agricultural,  and  other  interests 
in  TasmanLi.  He  took  office  and  held  it 
during  a  period  of  very  serious  difficulty. 

INNES,  Sir  Joseph  George  Long, 
K.C.M.G.,  M.L.C.,  son  of  Captain  Innes  of 
the  39th  Regiment,  was  bom  in  Sydney, 
October  16, 1834.  He  was  educated  at  the 
King's  School.  Parramatta,  and  was  called 
to  the  Bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn  in  1859. 
Admitted  to  the  Bar  of  New  South  Wales 


in  1 862.  In  1865  he wasappointed  District 
Judge  in  Queensland,  but  resigned  m  1869 
to  return  to  practice  in  Sydney.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Assembly  in  1872;  made 
Solicitor-General  the  same  year,  and  in 
1873  Attorney-General,  which  office  he  held 
until  1875.  He  was  called  to  the  Upper 
House  in  1872.  In  1874  he  accompanied 
Sir  Hercules  Robinson  on  his  special  mission 
to  Fiji,  and  was  knighted  for  his  services 
on  that  occasion.  Since  1875  he  has  been 
Chairman  of  Committees  of  the  Legislative 
Council 

IRELAND,  Richard  Davies,  was 
bom  in  Cralway,  Ireland.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Irish  Bar  in  1838  ;  came  to 
Victoria  in  1852,  was  admitted  to  that 
Bar  in  1853,  and  gained  distinction  by 
his  defence  of  the  Ballarat  rioters.    In 

1857  elected  for    Castlemaine,    and   in 

1858  became  Attorney-General  in  the 
O'Shonassy  ministry.  In  1859  was 
returned  for  Maryborough,  but  on  joining 
the  Heales  ministry  as  Attorney-General 
he  obtained  a  seat  in  the  Council  In 
1861  he  was  Attorney-General  in  the 
O'Shanassy  ministry.  He  died  in  Mel- 
bourne in  1875. 

IRONSIDE,  Adelaide  Eliza,  painter, 
only  daughter  of  James  Ironside,  Esq., 
accountant,  of  Sydney.  She  was  bom  in 
Sydney,  November  17,  1831,  and  bap- 
tised in  the  Scots'  church  by  Dr.  Lang, 
January  16,  1832.  Miss  Ironside  was 
a  remarkable  child,  and  early  exhibited 
talents  of  a  high  order  in  various  depart- 
ments of  intellectual  pursuits,  whilst 
residing  for  many  years  in  seclusion  with 
her  mother  at  the  North  Shore  of  Port 
Jackson.  She  evinced  an  extraordinary 
facility  for  acquiring  foreign  languages, 
and  wrote  poetry  of  a  tolerably  high  order, 
which  from  time  to  time  was  published 
in  the  Colonial  Press,  and  was  signed  with 
her  initials.  But  it  was  the  marvellous 
talents  which,  during  her  earlier  youth,  she 
exhibited  in  drawing  and  painting  (and  of 
these  there  are  numerous  proofs  remaining 
in  her  juvenile  sketches  of  various  kinds) 
that  attracted  the  attention  and  excited 
the  admiration  of  her  friends.  They  advised 
her  to  proceed  to  Rome,  in  order  that  she 
might  remain  there  ten  years  to  perfect  her- 
self in  the  study  of  the  art    She  embarked 


JEFFERIS-JENNINGS. 


101 


with  her  mother  for  England  in  1855,  and 
arrived  in  Rome,  January  10,  1856.  She 
obtained  the  assistance  of  the  best  masters, 
and  after  considerable  perseverance  suc- 
ceeded in  painting  two  magnificent  pictures, 
"The  Marriage  in  Cana  of  Galilee  "  and, 
**The  Hlgrim  of  Art,"  which  were  shown 
at  the  Great  Exhibition  in  London  in 
1862,  and  were  highly  spoken  of  by  the 
ablest  connoisseurs  and  art  critics  of 
Europe.  She  afterwards  painted  an  equally 
fine  picture,  "The  Presentation  of  the 
Magi  to  the  Infant  Jesus,"  which  with 
the  two  others  were  brought  to  Australia. 
Miss  Ironside  was  about  returning  to  Aus- 
tralia, when  her  illness  took  a  serious  form, 
and  she  died  in  Rome,  April  15,  1867,  in 
the  36th  year  of  her  age. 

JEFFERIS,  Rev.  James,  LL.B.,  bom 
in  1833.  He  was  offered  a  University 
education  if  he  intended  to  enter  the 
Church  of  England,  but  not  agreeing  with 
her  doctrines  he  entered  New  College, 
London,  and  matriculated  at  the  London 
University,  where  he  took  the  degrees  of 
KA  and  LL.B.  He  was  located  at  the 
new  Congregational  church  at  Saltaire; 
but  his  health  compelling  him  to  seek  a 
wanner  climate,  he  left  ]&igland  for  Aus- 
tralia in  1859,  and  was  &*st  posted  at 
Adelaide,  where  he  remained  for  eighteen 
years,  and  was  distinguished  as  an  able 
preacher.  He  was  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Science,  in  Union 
College,  Adelaide.  In  1877  he  accepted 
the  pastorship  of  Pitt  Street  Congrega- 
tional church,  Sydney. 

JENNINGS,  Patrick  Alfred,  wasbom 
in  1831,  in  the  town  of  Newry,  North  of 
Ireland.  His  father,  Francis  Jennings,  was 
a  well-known  merchant  of  that  town,  and 
was  the  direct  descendant  of  the  family  of 
that  name,  who,  originally  of  Flemish 
descent,  came  to  England  in  the  fifteenth 
centnrj,  and,  passing  over  to  Ireland,  after- 
wards settled  in  the  Barony  of  Aids,  county 
Down.  It  is  stated  in  the  "  Inquisition 
of  Ulster,"  in  the  year  1633,  which  forms 
a  Parliamentary  record  to  this  day,  that 
''John  Jennings  was  dispossessed  of  his 
wtates  in  Grey  Abbey  for  refusing  to  con- 
form to  the  religion  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land." Mr.  Jennings  received  the  earlv 
part  of  his  education  principally  at  the 


Newry  School,  which  had  a  special  repu- 
tation for  turning  out  classical  scholars :  he 
was  intended  for  the  Bar.  He  also  learnt 
civil  engineering  and  surveying;  but  being 
sent  to  Exeter,  in  the  south  of  England, 
he  there,  while  completing  his  education, 
found  it  necessary  to  embrace  a  mercantile 
career.  Mr.  Jennings  arrived  in  Austra- 
lia in  1852,  and  instead  of  proceeding 
direct  to  Sydney,  for  which  destination 
the  ship  was  bound,  remained  in  Victoria, 
and  proceeded  to  the  gold-fields  where  he 
achieved  fair  success,  and  in  1855  settled 
at  St.  Amaud,  the  most  remote  of  the 
Victorian  gold-fields,  and  was  amongst  the 
first  to  introduce  into  that  district  quartz- 
crushing  machinery  on  a  large  scale.  In 
1856  Mr.  Jennings  was  in^dted  to  contest 
the  Wimmera  Electorate,  but  declined. 
In  the  following  year  (1857)  ho  was 
created  a  Magistrate  of  Victoria,  and  was 
also  during  his  stay  in  that  district  Chair- 
man of  the  first  Koad  Board  and  first  Muni- 
cipal Ck)imcil  of  St.  Amaud.  Having 
acquired  pastoral  proj)erty  in  the  Murrum- 
bidgee  district,  he  went  to  reside  at 
Warbreccan,  near  Deniliquin,  in  1862, 
and  became  an  active  member  of  the 
Riverine  Association,  established  for  the 
redress  of  the  grievances  under  which 
Riverina  was  labouring.  In  1865,  Mr. 
Jennings  was  asked  to  proceed  to  England 
as  a  delegate  to  lay  the  Riverine  question 
before  the  Home  authorities,  but  declined, 
as  a  disposition  became  apparent  on  the 
part  of  the  Sydney  Government  to  settle 
the  grievances  complained  of  in  a  friendly 
spirit.  When  Mr.  James  Martin,  then 
Premier,  visited  Riverina  in  1866,  Mr. 
Jennings  accepted  a  nomination  to  the 
Legislative  Council  of  New  South  Wales, 
in  order,  by  his  personal  knowledge  and 
influence,  to  reconcile  the  differences  be- 
tween Riverina  and  the  Sydney  Govern- 
ment. In  1870  he  resigned  his  seat  in 
the  Upper  House,  on  the  invitation  of  the 
electors  of  the  Murray  district,  and  took 
his  seat  as  their  representative  in  the 
Assembly  for  two  Parliaments.  Whilst  in 
the  House,  Mr.  Jennings  had  frequent 
offers  of  office  as  Minister  of  the  Crown, 
and  took  a  leading  part  in  the  Border 
Duties  question;  in  1872  resigned  his  seat 
for  the  Murray.     In  1874,  Mr.  Jennings 


1<B 


JEBYOia 


received  the  Order  of  St.  Gregory  the  Great 
from  the  late  Boman  Pontifi^  and  in  the 
fedhywing  year  acted  as  C(HiiniiBBioiier  fron 
this  colony  to  the  Victorian  Exhibition. 
He  also  went  as  a  representative  Commis- 
SLoner  from  the  thi^  Colonies  of  New 
South  WaJeSy  Queensland,  and  Tasmania, 
to  the  great  Centennial  Exhibition  of 
Philadelphia,  1876,  and  afterwards  visited 
Europe;  and  on  being  presented  to  the  late 
Pope  received  the  unusual  distinction  of 
Kni^t  Commander  of  Pius  the  Ninth,  and 
was  also  created  a  Commander  of  St  Gre> 
gory  the  Great.  Mr.  Jennings  has  been 
for  some  years  Vice-President  of  tdie  Agri- 
cultural Society,  and  prominent  as  a  leader 
in  benevolent  and  social  movements,  and 
is  also  active  in  the  artistic  world.  As  a 
landowner  he  is,  on  a  large  scale^  conr 
nected  with  the  other  colonies,  and  is  a 
Magistrate  of  Queensland  as  well  as  of  New 
South  Wales  and  Victoria.  In  Deoembei, 
1878,  he  accepted  oi&oe  in  the  Robertww. 
ministry  as  Vice-President  of  the  Execor 
tive  Council  and  leader  in  the  Legidative 
Council,  but  the  ministry  not  having 
come  into  power  the  appointment  was  not 
carried  out  In  January,  1879,  Mr. 
Jennings  was  unanimously  selected  as 
Executive  Commissioner  to  carry  out  the 
first  Great  International  Exhibition  of 
Australia,  to  be  held  La  Sydney  in  Septem- 
ber of  the  same  year. 

JERVOIS,  SirWiluam  Feancis  IMium- 
MOND,  CB.,  G.aM.G.  (1878), bom  in  1821, 
is  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  General  Jervoia^ 
Colonel  of  the  76th  Regiment,  Commander 
of  the  Forces  in  Hongkong,  and  for  some 
time  Governor  of  that  islsjid.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen,  having  passed  at  Woolwich, 
ha  entered  the  Royal  Engine^^s,  and  after 
eompleting  the  usual  course  at  Chatham, 
ha  was  sent,  in  1841,  to  the  Cape  of  Goed 
Hopa  In  1842  he  was  Brigade-Major  in 
an  expedition  against  the  Boers.  During 
the  next  three  years  he  waa  employed  at 
"carious  frontier  stations,  superintending 
the  formation  of.  roads,  the  erection  of 
hrii^es,  and  the  establishment  of  military 
fOBta*  In  1845  he  was  appointed  Acting 
Adjutant  to  the  Royal  Engineers,  and 
aaoampanied  the  Chief  Engineer  over 
tha  whole  Rentier  of  Cape  Colony  and 
KataL.    In  184d  he  was  appointed  Major 


of  Brigade  to  the  garriaon  at  Cape  Tova 
until  tha  arrival  of  Sir  H.  Pottingeras 
Governor.  He  then  aceompanied  ^G. 
Berkeley,  the  new  Commapder-in-Chia^ 
on  an  expedition  against  the  KaJira^  and 
served  under  him  throughout  tha  Kafir 
war  in  1846>7.  During  that  war  he  sbf 
veyed  1,000  miles  ctf  Kaffir  Land,  ami 
executed  with  great  ability  a  map  of  2,0(K) 
mQea  of  that  country.  For  tlus  serviee 
he  received  a  medaL  Returning  to  Eng- 
land after  the  eoncfaision  of  that  war,  he 
commanded  a  company  of  Sappers  at 
Woolwich  and  Chatham,  from  1848  to 
1852.  In  1852  he  was  ordered  to  tke 
island  of  Aldemey  for  the  purpose  of 
designing  plana  for  the  fortifications,  and 
for  superintending  their  executioD.  Jot 
1854  he  was  laade  a  Mi^or.  In  1855  he 
was  tranaferred  to  the  London  District  ai 
Commander  of  the  Royal  Engine^s.  Ha 
waa  nominated  by  Lord  Panmure  to  the 
CoBmittee  on  Banrack  Accommodation, 
whose  labours  contributed  much  to  the 
sanitary  improvement  and  comfort  of  the 
barrack  life  of  the  troop&  In  1856  he 
wa«  f4)point6d  Assistant  Inspector-General 
of  Fortifications  under  Sir  John  Burgoyna 
Qe  was  shortly  afterwards  appointed  by 
the  Government  as  Secretary  to  tha 
Royal  Commiaaioa  on  the  Defences  of  the 
country.  He  was  also  a  member  of  tha 
special  Committee  on  the  application  of 
i«on  to  ships  of  war  and  fortificationa 
In  1861  he  waa  made  Lieobenant-Coionai 
The  next  year  he  waa  appointed  Depuly 
Director  of  Fortifications  under  Sir  Joia 
Burgoyne.  In  1863  he  waa  made  a 
Companion  of  the  Bath.  During  that 
year  he  was  sent  to  Britii^  North  AmeriA 
to  examine  and  report  upon  the  fortificar 
tiona  of  Canada,  Nova  Scotia^  New 
Brunswick,  and  iS^ce  Edward's  Island. 
Whilst  on  that  side  of  the  Atiantic  be 
virited  M  the  principal  port.  o£  <to 
United  States^  aad  surveyed  their  fbrtifir 
catiensw  In  1864  he  waa  again  aesitta 
Canada,  to  repovt  on  the  defenoei»  His 
report  was.  laid  before  Parliament^  vid 
his  recommendations  were  carried  oat  hy 
the  Imperii  GovemjomaL  New  defeaoa 
works  a^  the*  naval  arsenala  of  Engiami 
have  also  beffit  eaxmed  out  under  hia 
directiona ;   and  he  haa  been.  sppoiBtad 


JOHNSOSr— JOHNSTON. 


103 


SeenAarj  to  the  Pennanent  De^ce  Com- 
mittee^ under  the  presidency  of  t^e  Duke 
ofGunbridge.  Since  his  return  from 
Guuda  he  has  bem  sent  to  report  on  the 
defences  of  Bermuda,  Malta,  and  Gibraltar. 
In  1871  he  was  ^itrusted  by  the  Govern- 
ment of  India  with  the  work  of  examining 
ihe  defences  of  the  harbours  of  that  part  of 
iJ»  Bliti^  dominions.  In  1874  he  was 
gBzetfced  a  Companion  of  the  Bath, 
hi  1875  he  was  appointed  Governor  of  the 
Straits  Settlement.  In  1877  he  was,  in 
compHanoe  with  the  request  of  the  Govern- 
meirts  of  some  of  the  Australian  colonies, 
wnt  out  by  the  Imperial  Government  to 
give  advice  on  the  best  means  of  defence 
ef  tiie  Australiaa  coast ;  whilst  performing 
these  duties,  he  was  in  the  same  year 
Sfipointed  Grovemor  of  South  Australia. 

JOHNSON,  Rbv.  Richabd,  first  colonial 
chaplain,  came  out  in  the  ''First  Meet,"  in 
1788.  He  was  bom  about  1760,  and  edu-. 
oiedatSi.  Mary  Magdalene  College,  Cam- 
Ividge,  where  in  1784  he  took  the  degree  of 
E A,  and  was  Senior  Optime  of  that  year. 
InJnly,  1793,  the  erection  of  thefirst  place 
of  verahip  ever  built  in  the  colony  was 
oommenoed.  The  undertaking  was  carried 
oat  entirely  by  voluntary  effort  The 
Bev.  Mr.  Johnson  had  been  zealous  in 
Ms  endeavours  to  induce  the  Government 
to  build  a  church,  but  the  urgent  need  for 
pablic  stores  and  for  dwelling-places  had 
pwrented  his  request  being  acceded  to. 
Sesing  no  near  prospect  of  the  erection  of 
a  church  by  the  Crovemment,  he  at  length 
iw)lved  to  make  a  commencement  hun- 
9^  The  site  selected  was  on  the  east 
iide  of  the  Cove ;  the  design  was  cruciform, 
te  diimmaions  of  the  central  portion  or 
ii»ve  were  seventy-three  feet  by  fifteen, 
^th  a  transept  of  forty  feet  by  fifteen, 
^matenalg  used  were  posts,  with  wattles 
«nd  fdaster,  the  roof  being  of  thatch.  The 
ooBt  of  the  building  when  completed  was 
^40.  Divine  service  was  performed  in  it 
foie  the  first  time  on  Sunday,  August  25, 
1793.  «On  the  first  Sunday  after  (Sivemor 
Hnnter's  arrival,"  says  Mr.  Fahner,  "  the 
Ber.  Mr.  Johnson,  in  his  sermon  exposed 
^  last  Government,  their  extortion,  their 
^^■INitiGm,  their  debauchery,  and  ruin  of 
the  cdony,  driving  it  almost  to  famine  by 
^nle  of  goods  at  1,200  per  cent  pr<^ 


He  congratulated  the  colony  at  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  military  Government  and  the 
restoration  of  a  civil  one,  and  of  the  laws; 
and  orders  are  this  day  given  out  that  no 
officer  shall  sell  any  more  liquor."  The 
promulgation  of  such  an  address  at  such  a 
time,  is  a  proof  of  his  faithfulness  and 
courage.  He  had  embraced  the  peculiar 
views  of  the  Moravian  Methodists;  he  was 
an  excellent  and' zealous  pastor,  but  of  too* 
retiring,  quiet,  and  meek  a  character  to 
exercise  much  personal  influence  on  the 
men  who  had  control  of  affairs  at  the  period 
in  question.  He  devoted  considerable 
attention  to  horticulture,  and  was  the 
first  to  introduce  the  orange  into  the 
colony.  His  orchard  was  at  Kissing  Point, 
and  his  trees  were  grown  from  seeds, 
which  he  had  procured  at  Rio  Janeiro  on 
the  voyage  ;  it  is  said  they  produced 
abundance  of  fruit,  and  that  the  oranges 
frequently  brought  as  much  as  a  shilling 
each.  His  horticultural  operations  were, 
after  a  time,  carried  out  on  a  somewhat 
extensive  sc^e,  and  were  so  remarkably 
successful  in  a  money-making  point  of 
view,  that  when  he  left  the  colony,  in  1802, 
after  a  residence  of  fourteen  years,  he  took 
with  him  a  considerable  fortune.  From 
his  quiet  and  inoffensive  character,  vofy 
little  is  said  respecting  him  in  the  early 
accounts  of  the  colony.  He  died  in  1814. 
JOHNSTON,  Colonel  George,  when 
the  first  settlement  of  New  South  Wales 
was  resolved  on,  in  1786,  volunteered  for 
the  New  South  Wales  Corps,  and  arrived 
with  Governor  Phillip  in  the  "First  Meet" 
in  1 788.  In  1 804  a  serious  outbreak  took 
place  amongst  l^e  convicts,  but  was  quickly 
suppressed  by  the  energy  and  decision  of 
Governor  King  and  Major  Johnston.     In 

1808  occurred  the  celebrated  deposition  of 
Governor  Bligh,  in  which  Major  Johnston 
was  nominally  the  chief  leader.  He  ad- 
ministered the  Government  from  January 
to  July,  when  by  the  arrival  of  Colonel 
Foveaux  his  authority  was  superseded.    In 

1809  he  proceeded,  by  order,  to  England 
to  undergo  an  inquiry  into  the  Bligh  a&ir. 
The  inquiry  was  held  in  181 1,  and  Colonel 
Johnston  was  cashiered.  He  returned  to  the 
colony,  where  hecontinued  toresideuntO.  his 
death, which  took  place  at  Annandale^  his 
estate,  near  Sydney,  January  5,  182&. 


104 


JONES— KEENK 


JONES,  David,  bom  at  Llandilo-Faur, 
March  8,  1793,  having  been  brought  up  to 
business  in  his  native  place,  afterwards 
removed  to  London.  His  first  wife  died 
early,  leaving  no  children,  and  in  London 
he  married  Miss  Mander,  by  whom  he  had 
four  sons  and  four  daughters.  In  1834 
he  left  England,  and  after  a  short  stay 
in  Hobart  Town,  came  to  Sydney.  For 
some  years  he  was  successful  in  the  soft- 
goods  business,  though  he  suflFered  severely 
in  the  pressure  of  1 842  ;  he  in  1845  sold  his 
business;  he  afterwards  resumed  it,  and  in 
a  few  years  retired  in  opulence.  He  was  a 
strong  supporter  of  the  Congregational 
Church.  He  was  appointed  a  Member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  in  1856,  but  resigned 
in  1860.     He  died  March  29,  1873. 

JONES,  BiCHARD,  was  bom  in  Liver- 
pool, England,  in  1816,  and  became  a 
printer  by  trade.  ToVards  the  end  of 
1838  he  arrived  in  Sydney,  and  after 
working  four  years  on  the  Momtor  and 
on  the  Australasian  Chronidcy  he,  with 
Mr.  Tucker,  the  present  senior  proprietor 
of  the  MaiUand  MerctMry,  established  that 
journal  in  1842.  Both  gentlemen  carried 
on  the  business  in  connection  with  the 
newspaper  \mtil  1846,  when  Mr.  Jones 
bought  the  interest  of  his  partner,  and 
conducted  the  Mercury  solely  until  1854, 
when  he  sold  it  again  to  Mr.  Tucker,  Mr. 
Cracknell.  and  Mr.  Falls.  Mr.  Jones  re- 
turned  to  Sydney  in  March,  1856,  and 
during  that  year  he  offered  himself  for  the 
representation  of  the  New  England  dis- 
trict in  Parliament,  and  was  defeated  by 
Mr.  R  G.  Massie.  In  1856,  when  the  first 
Parliament  under  Besponsible  Oovemment 
was  being  formed,  he  was  returned  for 
Durham,  with  the  late  Mr.  W.  M.  Arnold, 
and  Mr.  (now  the  Hon.)  S.  D.  Gordon. 
(M.  L.  C. )  Mr.  Jones  continued  to  represent 
that  electorate  until  the  new  Electoral  Act 
eameinto  force  in  1859.  In  1857,  on  the 
retirement.of  Mr.  Parkes,  Mr.  Jones  joined 
the  administration  of  Mr.  Cowper,  as 
Colonial  Treasurer,  and  in  January  follow- 
ing, on  personal  grounds  retired  from  the 
government,  but  still  supported  them. 
In  1859  he  was  returned  imder  the  new 
Electoral  Act  for  the  Hunter  district  He 
was  entrusted  by  Governor  Sir  William 
Denifion,  to  form  a  government  to  replace 


the  Forster  administration.  He  however 
declined,  and  advised  His  Excellency  to 
send  for  Mr.  Robertson,  who  fonned  a 
ministry.  In  April,  1860,  Mr.  Jones  re- 
tired from  Parliamentary  life,  and  since 
then  his  attention  has  been  confined  to 
commercial  affairs  in  the  city.  He  is  de- 
servedly respected,  and  enjoys  the  un- 
limited confidence  of  the  citizens,  as  shown 
by  his  being  continually  placed  on  the 
direction  of  our  leading  institutions,  notably 
the  Commercial  Banking  Company,  of 
which  he  is  the  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Directors.  He  is  also  Director  of  the 
Sydney  Marine  Insurance  and  Gas  Com- 
panies. Mr.  Jones  has  a  large  family,  1& 
children,  and  many  of  them  hold  responsible 
positions  in  the  colony. 

JOUBERT,  Jui,E8,  was  bom  at  Cha^ 
ente,  in  France,  in  the  year  1 824.  He  ar- 
rived in  Sydney  in  the  French  corvette 
"  Heroine"  in  1841.  In  1844  he  was  ap- 
pointed Chancelier  to  the  French  Consul 
in  Sydney,  which  office  he  held  until 
1848,  when  he  resigned  and  went  to 
South  Australia  In  1851  he  went  to 
Victoria,  and  for  two  years  had  charge  of 
the  Grovemment  works  at  Mount  Alex- 
ander. In  1854,  when  the  French  took 
possession  of  New  Caledonia,  he  went 
there,  and  endeavoured  to  secure  atten- 
tion in  Europe  to  the  products  of  the  new 
colony,  and  to  the  sugar  culture  of  New 
South  Wales  and  Queensland.  He  became 
a  member  of  the  Agricultural  Society  of 
New  South  Wales,  and  as  Secretary  has 
been  most  energetic  in  enlarging  its  useful- 
ness ;  was  appointed  Secretary  for  New 
South  Wales  at  the  International  Exhibi- 
tion of  Paris  in  1878,  and  for  his  services 
received  the  ribbon  of  the  Legion  of 
Honour. 

KEENE,  William,  geologist,  was  bom 
at  Bath,  in  1 795.  He  was  employed  by  the 
French  Govenunent  to  superintend  the 
working  of  the  Salt  mines  in  the  Pyrenees, 
and  for  his  researches  there  received  an  Order 
of  Merit  He  arrived  in  New  South  Wales 
in  1 852,  and  in  1 856  was  appointed  Govern- 
ment Geologist  and  Examiner  of  Coal 
mines.  He  paid  great  attention  to  the 
cultivation  of  the  vine;  was  an  actire 
member  of  the  Church  of  England;  died 
at  Baymond  Terrace,  February  2,  1872^ 


KELLY— KENNEDY. 


10» 


KELLY,  Rev.  William  S.  J.,  was 
bom  in  Dablin,  October  3, 1823 ;  studied 
at  Majnooth  and  in  France ;  was  ordained 
into  ^e  Roman  Catholic  priesthood  in 
1854,  and  arrived  in  Victoria  in  1865 ; 
in  1878  left  Melbourne  at  the  invitation  of 
Archbishop  Yaughan  to  promote  education 
and  religion  in  N.  S.  Wales  ;  is  at  present 
stationed  at  St.  Leonards,  North  Shore. 
He  is  considered  one  of  the  most  eloquent 
preachers  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
of  Australia. 

KELYNACK,  Rev.  William,  in  1854 
arrived  in  Sydney,  and  was  stationed  at 
Bathurst  till  1857,  then  till  1860  was 
at  Braidwood,  was  then  one  year  in  Yass, 
when  he  came  to  Sydney  to  assist  the 
President  of  the  Australasian  Conference, 
and  act  as  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Christian 
Advocate.  Afterwards  ho  was  placed  at 
Ooalbom,  and  then  at  Bathurst.  In 
1877  he  went  to  England  and  America, 
and  raised  £3,000  for  the  new  College  at 
Stanmore,  and  is  now  stationed  in  Sydney. 
He  is  an  eloquent  preacher  of  the  Wesley  an 
Church.  He  married  a  daughter  of  J.  R. 
Hoalding,  Esq.,  of  Sydney. 

KENDALL,  Henry,  ix)et,  was  bom  at 
FUadulk,  New  South  Wales,  in  1842. 
He  was  ^ucated  privately.  Commenced 
•a  a  writer  in  1860,  in  the  columns  of 
the  Empire,  and  continued  to  contribute 
for  that  journal  and  the  Herald  until 
1869.  In  1862  published  "Poems  and 
Songs,"  which  he  suppressed  in  1865, 
considering  it  too  crude  a  production. 
He  wrote  also  prose  and  verse  for  the 
Town  and  Couniry  Journal,  Freernan*s 
Joitmal,  and  Stfdtiey  PuncJv.  In  1863 
he  obtained  a  situation  in  the  Lands 
department;  afterwards  in  the  Colonial 
Secretary's  Office,  which  latter  post  he  held 
Q&til  1869,  when  he  resigned  and  went  to 
Melbourne,  and  wrote  for  the  Australasian^ 
Argus,  and  Daily  Tdegrapk,  the  MeUxmme 
^itnck,  and.  the  Colonial  Monthly;  also 
for  two  satirical  papers — Utwnhv/j  and 
T(nu:hsUme.  He  competed  for  a  prize  for 
l^the  best  poem  on  an  Australian  sub- 
jecf*  and  gained  it.  He,  in  conjunction 
withCharles  Edward  Horsley,  composed  the 
^tata  for  the  opening  of  the  Melbourne 
Town  HalL  Here,  overwork  unfortu- 
luUelj  led  him  into  intemperate  habits,  but 


hi  1874  he  entirely  recovered  his  former 
excellent  reputation,  and  obtained  a  situa- 
tion near  Brisbane  Water,  where  he  now 
resides. 

KENNEDY,  Sir  Arthur  Edward,  is 
descended  from  the  ancient  Scottish  family 
of  Kennedys,  at  the  head  of  whom  is  the 
Earl  of  Cassilis.  Sir  Arthur  Kennedy, 
bom  1809,  is  the  third  ron  of  Hugh 
Kennedy,  Esq.,  of  Culha,  county  Down, 
Ireland,  who  married  Grace  Dora, 
daughter  of  John  Hughes.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  In 
1827  entered  the  Army  as  ensign  in  the 
11th  Kegiment  ;  Lieutenant  in  1832, 
Captain  in  the  68th  Light  Infantry  in 
1840 ;  retired  from  the  Army  in  1848  to 
accept  civil  employment  ;  was  selected 
(whilst  serving  in  the  Army)  in  1846  to 
till  the  office  of  County  Inspector  under 
the  Board' of  Works,  and  served  iminter- 
ruptedly  as  Inspector  under  Sir  John 
Burgoyne  ;  was  Belief  Commissioner  and 
subsequently  Inspector  of  Poor  Laws 
until  the  office  was  abolished  in  1851. 
In  1839  he  married  Miss  Georgina 
Macartney.  They  have  one  son  and 
two  daughters.  Captain  Kennedy  left 
the  Army  and  entered  the  Colonial  depart- 
ment of  the  Civil  Service.  His  reputa- 
tion and  influence  secured  him  the  inv- 
portant  position  of  Governor  and  Com- 
mander-in-Chief of  Vancouver's  Island 
and  its  dependencies  in  British  North 
America.  He  was  Governor  of  Western 
Australia  from  1854  to  1862.  His 
administration  was  commended  by  the 
Imperial  Government,  and  as  a  mark  of 
the  approval  of  his  Sovereign,  he  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood,  August  23, 
1867.  On  January  15,  1868,  he  .waa 
appointed  Governor  and  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  West  African  possessions. 
After  having  held  the  position  of  Governor 
in  Western  Africa  for  some  time,  he  was 
appointed  Judge  at  Sierra  Leone,  in  the 
Courts  of  Mixed  Commission,  with 
Foreign  Powers,  for  the  suppression  of 
the  Shive  Trade.  He  was  afterwards 
made  Governor  of  Hongkong,  from  1872 
to  1877,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the 
Government  of  Queensland. 

KENNEDY,  Edmund  B.,  explorer,  ap- 
pointed Surveyor,  N.SW.,  August,  1840; 


Nf6 


was  second  in  command  under  Sir  Thomas 
Mitchell  in  his  last  exploring  expedition, 
which  started  January  4,  1846.  On 
February  12th  the  jwirty  encamped  on  the 
Macquarie.  On  April  23rd  he  was  left  in 
eharge  of  the  camp  whilst  Sir  Thomas 
pushed  onwards,  with  instructions  to 
follow  in  three  weeks,  which  he  did,  re- 
joining Sir  Thomas  June  1st.  On  Sep- 
tember 9th  the  same  course  was  pursued, 
and  on  Sir  Thomas's  return  to  the  camp  on 
the  Nive,  the  expedition  came  back,  reach- 
ing the  Gwydir  December  11th.  In  1848 
he  traced  the  Victoria  to  latitude  27*  56', 
longitude  142',  and  on  June  1st  the  same 
year,  he  started  from  Rockingham  Bay 
to  explore  York  Peninsula ;  compelled  i 
to  leave  nine  of  the  party  at  Weymouth 
Bay,  he  pushed  on  with  three  white  men 
and  one  native,  to  communicate  with  the 
schooner  that  was  to  be  waiting  for  him 
at  Albany.  One  of  the  white  men  acci- 
dentally shot  himself.  Leaving  the  other 
two  to  care  for  him,  Kennedy  pushed  on 
with  the  native,  Jackey  Jackey,  but  when 
nearing  Port  Albany  he  was  speared  by  the 
natives,  and  died,  December  13th,  sup- 
ported by  the  faitliful  Jackey,  who,  thirteen 
days  afterwards,  made  his  way  to  the 
schooner.  Six  of  the  men  left  at  Wey- 
mouth Bay  had  died,  but  the  two  survivors 
were  taken  off  Three  men  were  not  re- 
covered. A  tablet  to  the  memory  of  Ken- 
nedy is  placed  in  St.  James's  church,  Sydney. 
KERFERD,  Hon.  George  Briscoe, 
M.L.  A.,  was  bom  in  Liverpool,  in  the  year 
1831,  and  arrived  in  Victoria  in  1852. 
Four  years  later  he  was  appointed  a  terri- 
torial Magistrate.  Having  settled  in  Beech- 
worth,  he  was  soon  elected  a  Councillor 
for  that  borough,  and  occupied  the  position 
of  Mayor  no  less  than  four  times.  He 
carried  on  a  veiy  extensive  business  there, 
md  took  an  active  part  in  the  foundation 
«f  nearly  every  useful  institution  in  his 
district.  He  entered  the  Legislative  As- 
trembly  in  1864 ;  and,  combining  law  with 
politics,  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1867. 
In  1869  he  was  returned  as  Member  of 
Parliament  for  the  Ovens  district,  and  has 
found  very  little  difficulty  in  holding  the 
fieat.  ever  since,  having  been  unopposed 
4m  five  occasions.  He  first  accepted 
office    under    the     Sladen    government 


as  Minister  for  Railways  and  lOnes, 
after  having  refused  to  act  as  ome  of  the 
Law  Officers.  Mr.  Fellows  also  offered 
him  high  legal  distinction,  but  he  again 
declined,  and  did  not  become  Solicitor- 
Greneral  until  Mr.  Francis  took  the  reins 
of  government.  Shortly  afterwards,  when 
Mr.  Stephen  retired  &om  the  political 
arena  to  assume  a  seat  on  the  Supreme 
Court  Bench,Mr.  Kerferd  became  Attomey- 
Gkneral.  A  few  months  later,  his  chi^ 
Mr.  Francis,  determining  to  retire,  a  re- 
construction of  the  Cabinet  became  un- 
avoidable. Mr.  Kerferd  was  appointed 
Chief  Secretary  July  31,  1874.  He  held 
this  office  until,  his  Treasurer's  budget 
being  disapprove4  of  by  the  Assembly, 
he  was,  in  August  1875,  obliged  to  re- 
tire in  favour  of  Mr.  Graham  Berry-a 
dissolution  of  Parliament  having  been  re- 
fused him  by  Sir  W.  F.  Stawell,  the  then 
Acting  Grovemor.  LithefollowingOctober 
Mr.  Berry's  financial  proposals  also  failed 
in  pleasing  the  Assembly,  and  as  he,  too^ 
was  refused  a  dissolution  by  the  same  Act- 
ing Grovemor,  Mr.  Kerferd  once  moire 
became  Attomey-Greneral,  this  time  under 
Sir  James  M'Culloch  as  Premier  and  Mr. 
J.  A.  Macpherson  as  Chief  Secretary.  He 
continued  to  act  in  that  capacity  until  the 
general  election  in  May,  1877,  when  his 
party  was  defeated,  and  the  Chief  Secre- 
taryship was  resumed  by  Mr.  Graham 
Berry.  Li  conjunction  with  Mr.  Box,  Mr. 
Kerferd  has  published  a  digest  of  all  the 
decisions  in  the  Supreme  Court  since  its 
foundation  inl846tol871.  It  took  them 
three  years  to  complete  the  volume,  which 
is  now  i*egarded  as  a  valuable  standard 
work  by  the  precession. 

KING,  John,  was  bom  at  Moy,  county 
Antrim,  December  15, 1838.  He  served  in 
India  in  the  70th  Begiment,  and  was  en- 
gaged by  Mr.  G.  T.  Landells,  who  had  been 
sent  to  India  &om  Victoria  to  purdiaae 
camels  for  the  expedition  of  Burke  and 
Wills  in  1 860.  He  was  the  only  survivor, 
being  rescued  by  Alfred  Howitt ;  and  on 
January  21,  1863,  he  followed  the  bones 
<^  his  leaders  at  the  public  ftmeral  to 
the  Melbourne  Cemeteiy  given  to  them. 
The  €k>vemment  gave  him  a  pension  of 
£180  per  annum.  He  died  of  phthiss, 
January  15,  1872. 


IW 


EIS€%  Pmup  GiDLSY,  Governor  of 
Hew  Smth  Wales^  bom  at  Laimeeston, 
Gan&WEll^  April  23,  1758.  He  was  the 
son  of  Phillip  Song  of  that  town  ;  received 
yi  earif  education  from  Mr.  Bailey, 
«f  Ytimooth  ;  w&s  midahipman  at  the  age 
fi£  twelve^  ami  went  to  the  East  Indies 
OL  boaid  the  "'  Swallow,"  frigate,  Captain 
Shiriej.  At  seventeen  he  returned  to 
Sn^aiid;  in  1775  went  on  active  service 
ia  tke  Liverpool  to  Virginia,  where  he  re- 
maineduntilthe  wreck  of  the  vessel  in  Dela- 
wweBaj;  entered  the  '^  Princess  Boyal" 
Oetober^  1778 ;  on  November  26th  was 
made  a  lieatenant  by  Admiral  Byron, 
sod  appointed  to  the  ''Renown";  re- 
turned to  England  in  the  subsequent 
jeur;  served  in  the  Channel  on  board 
tfae  ''Kite,"  cutter,  and  "Ariadne^" 
frigite^  till  the  beginning  of  1783  ;  with 
Giqptain  Artkor  Phillip  he  went  to  the  East 
Indies  ss  lieutenant  of  the  "Europe,"  in 
Jannaryy  1783,  whence  he  returned  on 
the  restoration  of  complete  peace  in 
1784;  <m  October  25,  1786,  King  was 
s^BQiBted  lieutenant  of  tke  "Sirius,"  when 
tbeexpeditioiito  New  South  Wales  was  pro- 
jected; he  accompanied  the  "First  Fleet," 
nd  landed  with  Captain  Phillip,  in  the 
■&pply,"atBotanyBay,  January  18, 1788; 
ippauuied  Superintendent  and  Commandant 
fiNodo^  Island  by  Grovemor  Phillip, 
F^muiy  12,  1788;  sailed  in  the  armed 
tender  "Supply/'  with  his  party  of  24  per- 
nna  fraai  Port  Jackson  three  days  afber- 
vttds,  landed  and  f  cumed  the  first  British 
tetUement  at  Norfolk  Island,  March  5, 
1788;  remained  there  until  March  24, 
li90,  then  sailed  for  England ;  returned  in 
tiie"G<n^Qn"  September  21,  1791,  with 
tile  nuik  of  Commander  in  the  Navy  and  a 
^omnuasion  as  lieutenant-Govemorof  Nor- 
folk Island  ;  at  the  end  of  November  pro- 
«eded  to  that  place  and  remained  there 
VBtil  he  was  appointed  Governor  of  New 
South  Wales,  S^tember  28,  1800,  and 
acted  in  that  capacity  until  August  12, 
1806;  he  married  in  1790  Anna  Josepha, 
^iB^ter  of  Mr.  Coombes,  of  Bedford, 
SB^pand,and  had  several  children.  He  died 
atXootn^  Surrey,  aa  September  3, 1808. 

KING,  Philip  Gidlet,  J.P.,  grandson 
^  Govemor  King^  is  the  first  and  present 
^jor  of  the  town  of  Tamworth ;   is  a 


native  of  the  colony,  having  been  bom  in 
Parramatta,  in  the  year  1817.  The  early 
youth  of  Mr.  Philip  Gidley  King  was 
spent  in  the  Boyal  Navy,  under  the  com- 
mand of  his  father  and  Captain  Bobert 
Fitzroy,  in  the  voyages  of  H.M.  ships 
"  Adventure  "  and  "  Beagle,"  which  were  em- 
ployed in  and  about  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
gellan, near  Cape  Horn,  and  up  and  down 
both  sides  of  the  South  American  conti- 
nent— ^voyages  which,  in  the  annals  of 
the  Surveying  Service,  have  no  mean 
celebrity,  ari^g  from  4e  abUitj  and  th« 
energy  which  was  displayed  in  their  prose- 
cution, and  from  the  dangerous  nature 
of  the  coasts  which  were  examined.  In 
1836  the  Royal  Navy,  from  the  crowded 
state  of  the  Navy  List,  held  but  little  in- 
ducements to  young  men  who  had  any  other 
opportunities  of  earning  an  honourable 
livelihood,  and  these  iacts  presenting  them- 
selves to  Mr.  King,  he  left  the  service, 
to  which  he  was  much  attached,  and  took 
to  the  less  exciting  occupation  of  a  pastoral 
life  in  Australia.  Soon  after  leaving  the 
Navy  he  became  attached  to  the  staff  of 
the  Australian  Agricultural  Company  at 
Port  Stephens  ;  and  subsequently,  on  the 
formation  of  the  Peel  Biver  Company, 
was  selected  by  the  Board  of  Directors 
in  England  to*  manage  its  a£G^rs.  This 
post  he  has  ably  and  honourably  filled  since 
1854  to  the  present  day.  As  Mayor  of 
Tamworth,  he  received  H^r  Majesty's 
representative  in  New  South  Wales — Sir 
Hercules  Bobinson — on  his  arrival  at  the 
opening  of  the  extension  of  the  Bailway  to 
Tamworth  in  1878.  Mr.  King  married,  in 
1844,  the  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Hannibal  H  Macarthur — nephew  of  John 
Macarthur,  Esq.,  of  Camden  Park,  the 
founder  of  the  merino  wool  industry  in 
Australia.  Mr.  King  has  been  appointed 
a  Commissioner  for  the  Sydney  Inter- 
national Exhibition  of  1879. 

KING,  Beab-Admiral  Philip  Parkeb, 
E.ILS.,  E.L.Sl,  son  of  Governor  King; 
was  born  at  Norfolk  Island,  December, 
13,  1791.  He  entered  the  Navy  in  1807, 
and  distinguished  himself  by  his  gallantry 
in  boat  actions  on  the  coast  of  France  ;  in 
1817  was  sent  in  command  of  an  expedition 
to  survey  the  coasts  of  Australia  in  the 
"Mermaid"   and  "Bathurst,"   of    which 


108 


KINOSLEY— KSEFFT. 


latter  he  was  made  Commander,  July  1 7, 
1821.  He  returned  to  England  in  1823, 
and  compiled  a  narrative  of  his  surveys ; 
in  1825  was  appointed  to  the  "Adven- 
ture," and  with  tlie  "Beagle"  surveyed  the 
coasts  of  South  America,  an  account  of 
which  was  published  in  conjunction  with 
Captain  Fitzroy,  in  1832  ;  he  was  paid  off 
November  16,  1830,  and,  obtaining  per- 
mission from  the  Admiralty  to  settle  in 
Australia,  was  not  afterwards  actively 
employed.  He  attained  post-rank  Feb- 
ruary 25,  1830,  and  the  rank  of  Reai^ 
Admiral  in  1855.  He  married  in  1817, 
Harriet,  the  second  daughter  of  Christopher 
Lethbridge,  of  Madford,  Launceston,  Eng- 
land. In  1831  he  came  out  to  settle  in 
New  South  Wales,  and  was  Manager  of 
the  Australian  Agricultural  Society  ;  was 
a  nominee  Member  of  the  Council,  and  in 
1851  was  elected  for  Gloucester  and  Mac- 
quarie.     He  died  in  February,  1856. 

KINGSLEY,  Henry,  bom  in  1830,*  was 
educated  at  King^s  College,  London,  and 
Worcester  College,  Oxford  In  1852  he 
emigrated  to  Australia,  where  he  resided 
until  1868,  when  he  returned  to  England. 
He  is  a  novelist  and  tale-writer  of  great 
repute.  Amongst  his  works  are  — 
"Geofl&^y  Hamlyn," — one  of  the  best 
stories  of  Australian  life  ever  written/ — 
"Ravenshoe,"  "Austin  Elliot,"  "The 
Hillyars  and  the  Burtons,"  "  Leighton 
Court,"  "Mademoiselle  Mathilde,"  "  Sil- 
cote  of  Silcotes,"  and  he  has  contributed 
to  various  periodicals.  He  died  in  1876. 
Mr.  Kingsley  is  a  brother  of  the  celebrated 
author  the  Rev.  Canon  Kingsley. 

KONG  MENG  LOWE,  the  leading 
Chinese  merchant  in  Melbourne,  is  a 
British  subject  by  birth,  and  was  bom 
in  1831.  His  father  was  a  merchant  of 
Penang.  He  went  to  the  High  School, 
Penang,  and  in  1847  was  sent  to  the 
Mauritius,  where  he  studied*  the  French 
and  English  languages  under  private 
tutors.  His  education  finished,  he  entered 
into  trade  between  the  Mauritius,  Calcutta, 
and  Singapore.  In  1853  he  arrived  in 
Melbourne  with  a  cargo  from  the  Mauri- 
tius ;  he  proceeded  to  Calcutta  in  1854 
with  fresh  merchandise  from  India,  and 
estaJblished  the  firm  of  Kong  Meng  &  Co. 
In    1860    he  married   the   daughter    of 


William  Prussia,  Esq.,  of  Tasmania.  He 
interests  himself  in  the  welfare  of  liis 
countrymen,  and  supervises  the  Chinese 
Club-house  in  Little  Bourke-street 

KREFFT,  JoHANN  Louis  Gerhard, 
Knight  of  the  Order  of  the  Crown  of  Italy; 
Master  and  Honorary  Member  of  the  Free 
Grerman  Academy  (Freies  Deutsches  Hocli- 
stift)  at  Frankfort  ;  F.L.S.  (London)  ; 
C.M.Z.S.  of  London  and  of  Frankfort; 
Member  of  the  Society  of  Naturalists  at 
Hamburg,  the  Boci^t^  Humanitaire  of 
Bordeaux,  the  Royal  Society  of  Tasmania, 
the  Imperial  and  Royal  Geological  Society 
of  Austro-Hungary  in  Vienna,  the  Royal 
Greographical  Society  of  Dresden ;  holder 
of  a  gold  medal  ( "  for  services  rendered") 
from  the  Grovemment  of  New  South 
Wales,  a  silver  medal  for  exhibits  from 
the  Emperor  of  the  French,  and  of  various 
other  silver  and  bronze  medals  awarded 
in  the  colony.  Bom  in  the  city  of 
Brunswick  (Braunschweig),  the  capital  of 
the  Duchy  of  that  name.  North  Germany, 
February  17,  1830,  and  educated  in  las 
native  town,  where  he  attended  the  best 
schools  till  nearly  fifteen  years  of  age. 
In  his  youth  he  evinced  great  love  for  the 
iine  arts,  and  was  passionately  fond  of 
drawing  animals.  His  ambition  was  to 
study  painting,  but  his  parents  decided  on 
a  different  career  for  him,  and  he  was  sent 
as  a  junior  clerk  to  a  large  business  house 
in  Halberstadt,  where  he  remained  till 
1850,  and  shortly  afterwards  went  to  the 
United  States,  where  he  was  engaged  as 
clerk  and  draughtsman,  his  principal  occu- 
pation in  this  branch  being  to  depict  sea 
views  and  shipping.  Having,  however, 
perused  the  magnificent  illustrated  work 
of  Audubon  in  the  New  York  Mercantile 
Library,  he  asked  and  obtained  permission 
to  copy  some  of  the  plates,  his  copies 
selling  at  prices  that  enabled  him  to  save 
suificient  money  for  a  passage  to  Austra- 
lia, where  he  imagined  that  he  would'find 
a  wide  field  open  to  him  as  a  painter  and 
a  naturalist.  He  landed  in  Melbourne  in 
November,  1852,  and  went  to  the  dig- 
gings, where  he  worked  with  much  success 
till  1857,  and  after  a  stay  in  Melbourne 
to  recover  from  previous  hardships,  Mr. 
Krefit  was  selected  to  accompany  the 
collecting  expedition    fitted   out  by  the 


LACKEY 


109 


Victorian  Groyemment,  1858.  Having 
succeeded  the  leader  in  command  of  the 
party  be  returned  to  Melbourne  with  a 
lurge  collection  of  specimens  and  a  well 
filled  portfolio,  and  was  engaged  by 
Professor  MK^j  as  assistant  in  the 
Musemn.  He  gave  a  report  in  full  about 
the  animals  obtained  and  an  account  of 
the  manners  and  habits  of  the  aboriginals, 
iilnstrated  by  numerous  sketches.  He 
then  resigned  his  position  and  returned  to 
Germany.  In  1859  he  again  left  home 
for  foreign  lands,  having  obtained  from 
the  famous  Hamburgh  firm,  Messrs. 
Godeffiroy  and  Son,  a  free  passage  for  a 
trip  round  the  world,  and  after  a  two 
months  sojourn  in  South  Africa,  he  took  up 
his  quarters  in  Sydney,  being  appointed 
Secretary  to  the  Australian  Museum, 
and  assie);ant  to  the  late  Dr.  Fittard, 
its  Curator.  On  the  death  of  that  gentle- 
man Mr.  Blreffl  succeeded  to  the  vacant 
Curatorship  in  1861.  During  the  latter 
rears  of  his  appointment  he  had  a  series 
of  disagreements  with  the  Trustees  of  the 
Museum,  which  eventuated  in  his  leaving 
that  institution,  September,  1874,  and  in 
an  appeal  to  the  law,  which  has  upheld  him 
in  the  views  taken  by  him  throughout  the 
dispute  Mr.  Krefft  holds  the  honorary 
d^ree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  and  has 
published  numerous  pa{)ers  in  the  pages  of 
English  and  Colonial  scientific  journals.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  regular  contributor 
to  some  of  our  leading  newspapers.  Mr. 
Krefit  was  the  first  man  who  thoroughly 
studied  the  reptiles  of  Australia.  "  The 
Snakes  of  Australia''  (now  out  of  print)  was 
the  first  book  of  the  kind  ever  published 
^ere.  It  is  written  in  a  clear  and  compre- 
hensive style ;  as  are  also  hLs  subsequent 
vorks,  "  Mammals  of  Australia, "  and 
another  on  the  fossil  remains  unearthed 
hy  him  at  the  celebrated  Wellington 
caves.  A  mountain  has  been  named  in 
his  honour :  on  account  of  the  services 
Hr.  Krefil  has  rendered  to  geogi'aphical 
«ience,  Count  Von  Heuglin,  the  famous 
Austiian  explorer,  has  named  that  grand 
rocky  prominence  of  Barento  Island, 
SpitzbcTgen^  some  sixty  miles  wide  at  its 
W,  «  Mount  Krejgfl"  He  has  had,  and 
Ktill  continues,  an  extensive  correspondence 
with  eminent  scientists  in  every  part  of 


the  world.  Mr.  Elrefit  made  a  veiy  extra- 
ordinary scientific  discovery,  namely,  that 
of  the  fish  which  he  named  the  Ceratodus 
Forateriy  after  the  Hon.  William  Forster, 
at  that  time  a  Member  of  the  mimstiy, 
and  now  Agent-General  for  New  South 
Wales.  With  unerring  exactitude,  Mr. 
Krefil  gave,  in  a  leading  journal,  a  pre- 
liminary desciiption  of  the  nsh,  assigned  its 
pix)per  ]X)sition  in  the  system,  and  had  the 
satisfaction  to  find  his  description  con- 
firmed by  the  best  naturalists  of  the  day, 
including  Professor  Agassiz,  who  wrote  to 
him  a  very  candid  acknowledgment  of  his 
own  previous  errors  on  the  subject,  re- 
marking in  his  letter,  '*  my  fossil  sharks 
are  sharks  no  longer.'' 

LACKEY,  Hon.  John,  M.L.A.,  was 
bom  in  Sydney,  October,  1830.  He  has 
resided  nearly  all  his  life  in  the  neighbour- 
hood  of  Parramatta.  His  early  education 
was  received  at  Mr.  Eyer's  school.  He 
afterwards  went  to  Mr.  Mills,  and  then  to 
the  Sydney  College,  where  he  completed  his 
education.  Since  then  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  pastoral  pursuits,  rearing  and 
•buying  stock.  When  only  22  years  of 
age  he  was  appointed  a  Magistrate  of  the 
territory  by  Governor  Sir  Charles  Fitzroy. 
When  28  years  of  age  he  contested  un- 
successfully the  Electorate  of  Central 
Cumberland.  Two  years  afterwards  he 
was  returned  for  Parramatta  at  the  head 
of  the  poll;  supported  the  Bobertsoir 
Land  Bills  through  all  their  stages ; 
remained  in  Parliament  until  1865 ;  was 
defeated  in  that  year  at  Parramatta  by 
Messrs.  Famell  and  Byrnes.  In  June, 
1867,  the  retirement  of  the  Hon.  John 
Hay  caused  a  vacancy  for  Central  Cimiber- 
land,  and  Mr.  Lackey  was  elected.  He  has 
ever  since  then  continued  to  represent  that 
electorate.  Mr.  Lackey  was  twice  elected 
Chairman  of  Committees.  One  of  his 
qualifications  for  that  office  was  his 
gentlemanly  demeanour ;  his  self-restraint 
is  so  constant  that  he  has  never  been  called 
to  order.  When  Chairman  of  Committees 
his  conduct  was  such  as  to  stamp  his 
character  for  impartiality  with  the  approval 
of  Members  on  both  sides  of  the  House,  and 
to  add  to  his  influence  there.  He  was  Minis- 
ter for  Works  in  the  Robertson  ministry, 
from  Februaiy,  1875,  to  March,  1877,  and 


ua 


LAIDLA.W— .LALOR. 


again  Minister  for  Works  in  the  Parkas- 
Itobertson  administration  of  December, 
1878,  and  is  still  in  office  (May,  1879). 

LAIDLAW,  Thosias,  was  bom  at  Mel- 
rose in  1*809,  and  settled  in  Yass  as  a 
storekeeper.  In  1841  he  married  Miss 
Gralvin,  of  Camden,  who  died  ivithin  a  year, 
and  he  did  not  again  marry.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  for 
Yass  Plains.  He  was  noted  for  his  liber- 
ality of  purse  and  opinions.  He  had  never 
identified  himself  with  any  religious  de- 
nomination, but  just  before  his  death  was 
received  into  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
He  died,  June  12,  1876. 

LALOR,  Hon.  Peter, ML. A,  Victoria, 
was  bom  in  1827,  at  Tennikill,  in  Queen's 
county,  Ireland.  He  is  a  younger  son  of 
Mr.  Patrick  Lalor,  who  for  several  years 
represented  the  above  county  in  the 
House  of  Commons.  He  entered  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  and  subsequently  became 
a  civil  engineer.  Shortly  after  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  Australia  he  sailed  for 
Melbourne,  arriving  there  in  the  year 
1852,  and  after  a  brief  sojourn  in  the 
metropolis,  he  left,  accompanied  by  some 
of  his  sliipmates,  for  the  Ovens,  and 
thence  to  Ballarat  in  February,  1853.  He 
met  with  ordinary  good  luck,  and  thought 
he  was  on  the  point  of  making  a  fortune 
out  of  claims  which  he  and  his  party  had 
taken  up  on  the  Eureka  lead  and  gravel 
pits,  when  the  memorable  outbreak  of  the 
miners  of  Ballarat  took  place  in  December, 
1854.  It  having  been  determined  not  to 
take  out  any  more  mining  licenses  the 
miners  publicly  bumed  those  official 
documents,  at  a  meeting  on  Bakery  Hill, 
on  November  29th  of  that  year.  An 
attempt  by  the  authorities  to  search  for 
unlicensed  miners  precipitated  hostilities — 
shots  were  fired,  a  prisoner  was  rescued,  the 
troopers  and  police  were  driven  back  to  the 
camp,  and  the  signal  was  passed  for  the 
miners  to  assembla  On  the  Sunday 
morning,  December  3,  1854,  the  attack 
was  made  by  a  party  of  troops  and  police, 
commanded  by  Captain  (now  Colonel) 
Thomas — the  few  armed  miners  in  the 
sc>-called  stockade  making  a  vigorous  re- 
aistanoe ;  and  Mr.  Lalor,  who  had  been 
chosen  as  leader  on  the  Friday  night,  and 
was  practically  Dictatoi^  received  a  ball 


near  the  shoulder  of  the  le£t  aa^  and 
ultimately  lost  the  limb.  After  his  woimd 
some  of  his  companions  carried  him  ava|^ 
and  took  him  to  a  place  of  aaisiy. 
Although  large  rewards  wetie  offered  it 
his  apprehension,  and  for  the  <»thfiroffioeB 
and  leaders  of  the  miners,  in  no  instanBt 
was  the  Gov^nment  suooesafid  in  cap- 
turing any  of  the  principal  men.  Sid»- 
sequent  to  the  outbreak,  viz.,  in  'Soweot- 
ber,  1855,  representation  was  given  to  ilie 
gold-fields  under  the  old  Constitution,  and 
Mr.  Lalor  was  without  opposition  elected 
one  of  the  representatives  for  Ballant 
to  the  Legislative  Council — ^the  Pari]*- 
meat  then  consisting  of  only  one  d^mha, 
which  was  partially  nominated  by  die 
Governor.  Shortly  after  taking  his  seat 
the  Government  appointed  him  Im^wctcr 
of  Bailways,  a  position  which  he  occq> 
pied  until  the  passage  of  tiie  Offidabin 
Parliament  Act  At  the  next  election  he 
was  returned  for  South  Grant,  which  he 
continuously  represented  until  1871,  when 
he  suffered  a  ddfeat  by  about  twenty  vote% 
and  was  also  unsuccessful  in  contesdi^ 
North  Melbourne  at  the  same  decdoiL 
When  first  elected  for  South  Grant,  in 
1856,  was  ai^x>inted  Chairman  of  Com- 
mittees by  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and 
it  is  generally  admitted  that  he  evinced 
much  firmness,  decision  of  character,  and 
an  intimate  acquaintance  with  canstitn- 
tional  law  whilst  he  filled  that  positioi^ 
which  he  did  untU  1868.  In  1875  he 
was  again  returned  by  his  old  oonstitnentB 
in  South  Grant,  and  in  August  of  thai 
year  accepted  office  as  Commisaioner  &r 
Customs  in  Mr.  Berry's  first  administzar 
tion.  In  the  following  October  he  wesit 
out  with  his  chie^  whose  financial  pn>- 
posals  did  not  meet  with  the  approval  of 
the  Assembly,  and  Sir  James  M^CuHoch's 
fourth  cabinet  was  formed.  After  the 
fi^eneral  election  in  May,  1877,  Mr.  Benr 
tgf>m  became  Chief  Wteif.  hringiii 
back  with  him  Mr.  Lalor,  in  his  fonner 
position.  Though  he  was  necessarily 
prevented  by  his  position  of  Chaiiman  w 
Committees  from  taking  any  active  pait 
in  politics  for  many  years,  Mr.  laJiae  vaa 
always  understood  to  be  a  Protection]^ 
He  was  always  more  or  less  connectod 
with  mining,  and  when  relieved  of  the 


LANDSBOBOmSH— LANG. 


Ill 


ChainDftDfih^  looked  more  olosely  after 
bis  interests  in  the  New  North  Clunes  and 
the  Anstralaman  mines.  He  was  Chair- 
min  of  the  Clunes  Water  Commission, 
(for  which  he  received  a  large  salary), 
and  was  a  Director  of  the  New  North 
Qanes  mining  companj.  Through  him, 
in  1870  and  1871,  the  bill  was  intro- 
duced into  Parliament,  and  carried,  for 
varks  to  bo  constmcted  to  bring  water 
into  Climes,  and  empowering  the  borrow- 
ing of  the  money.  These  works  cost 
ftbont  X70,0(K),  and  are  said  to  be  the 
best  executed  works  of  their  kind  in  the 
colony.  On  the  formation  of  the  Beny 
ministry,  in  1877,  Mr.  Lalor  was  ap- 
pointed Commisaioner  for  Trade  and  Cus- 
toms, and  in  1878  he  added  to  that  office 
the  appointment  of  Postmaster-General. 

LANDSBOliOUGH,  William,  ex- 
pbrw,  was  bom  in  Ayrshire,  Scotland, 
tnd  received  'a  good  education  at  Irvine. 
After  he  came  to  Australia  he  was  at  iirst 
onfortanate  in  squatting  in  New  England. 
Selecting  a  run  in  the  Wide  Bay  district 
be  was  more  successful,  and  in  1856  went 
further  north  to  the  neighbourhood  of 
Rockhampton.  He  then  discovered  Mount 
Nebq  and  Fort  Cooper,  and  in  1859 
explored  Peak  Downs  and  Nagoa.  In 
1860  he  discovered  the  head  of  the 
Thomson ;  in  1861  tvaced  the  Gregory  and 
the  Herbert  rivers  to  their  sources.  He 
was  then  requested  to  head  an  expedition 
to  search  for  Burke  and  Wills,  and  on 
Febrnaiy  10,  1862,  he  and  his  party 
Btuted  from  the  Albert  Biver  and  suc- 
ceeded in  crossing  from  the  Gulf  of 
Carpentaria  to  Ijlelbouma  Sir  H.  Barkly 
presented  him,  November  12th,  with  a 
seirioe  of  plate  valued  at  £500.  He 
Buoried,  in  Sydney,  the  sixth  daughter  of 
th»  late  Captain  Bennie,  and  visited 
Bombay,  the  Continent,  and  England. 
1316  President  of  the  Boyal  Geographical 
Sodetj  presented  him  with  a  gold 
vatdi.  After  two  years'  absence  he 
returned  to  Queensland  and  was  elected 
to  the  Auemblj.  But  finding  the  de- 
mands on  his  time  too  onerous,  he 
obtained  the  situation  of  Government 
Besident  in  Burke  district  at  the  end  of 
1865.  At  the  Belyando,  in  oonjimo- 
taoa  With  Mi;  G.  Phillipi^  he  discovered 


the  Western  river,  and  traced  the 
Diamantina  to  its  sourca  But  he  found 
at  Burketown  the  whole  population 
prostrated  by  fever,  and  he  moved  to 
Sweers  Island.  There  he  was  loined  by 
his  family  and  continued  a«tivel/toexpU 
the  Gulf.  But  his  wife  became  ill,  and 
he  lost  no  time  in  removing  her  to  Sydney, 
where  she  died.  In  1 868  his  position  wajs 
somewhat  improved,  but  some  time  after- 
wards,  for  some  unexplained  cause,  he  was 
removed  from  his  situation.  Being  de- 
sirous of  obtaining  a  settled  home  for 
his  daughters  he  accepted  the  office  of 
Inspector  of  Brands  for  East  Moreton, 
Queensland,  which  position  he  now  holds. 
LANG,  Rev.  Jonx  Dunmore,  D.D^ 
bom  August  -25,  1799,  at  Greenock, 
west  of  Scotland.  His  paternal  ances- 
tors f oi-merly  lived  at  Linlithgow ;  and 
three  brothers  of  the  Lang  family  left 
Scotland,  during  the  persecutions  carried 
on  under  the  Stuai-t  dynasty,  and  sought 
freedom  in  Holland,  whence  they  re- 
turned with  William  of  Orange  ia 
1688.  His  parents  went,  when  he 
was  about  seven  years  old,  to  live  at 
Largs,  in  Ayrsliire,  where  some  pro- 
perty of  his  maternal  ancestors,  the 
Dunmores,  came  into  their  possession. 
For  live  years  he  attended  the  parish 
school  of  Largs,  and  thence  went  to 
the  University  of  Glasgow.  He  spent 
four  years  in  the  general  studies  of  the 
University  and  four  years  in  the  Divinity 
Hall.  Before  the  end  of  his  term,  he  de- 
termined to  seek  a  field  for  the  exercdae 
of  his  ministry  in  one  of  the  colonies. 
As  his  brother,  Mr.  George  Lang,  came 
out  to  Australia  in  1821,  he  commis- 
sioned him  to  take  note  of  the  aspect 
of  the  country  and  to  report  to  him  f  uHy 
upon  it.  The  accounts  which  Mr.  Greoige 
i^g  g&ve  to  his  brother  decided  hiji 
choice.  After  obtaining  his  degree  of 
M.A.,  and  being  ordained  by  the  Prea- 
bytery  of  Irvine,  John  Dunmore  Lang 
came  out  to  Australia.  He  arrived  in 
Sydney  in  May,  1823.  In  1824  the 
Scots'  church.  Church  Hill,  Sydney,  was 
built  Of  that  church  he  continued  to  be 
minister,  sometimes  with  a  colleague,  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  Besides  endeavour- 
ing to  meet  the  spiritual  wants  of  the 


112 


LANG. 


Presbyterians  in  Sydney,  he  early  sought 
to  make  provision  for  the  colonists  of 
Scottish  extraction  and  Presbyterian  creed 
throughout  the  colony.  He  travelled 
from  Sydney  to  Moreton  Bay  in  the 
north,  and  to  Hobart  Town  in  the  south, 
proceeding  from  town  to  town  and  from 
station  to  station,  devising  plans  for  the 
settlement  of  ministers  wherever  it  seemed 
to  be  practicable,  and  stirring  up  his  coun- 
trymen and  their  children  to  be  zealous 
for  the  Church  of  their  forefathers,  and 
not  to  forget  Scotland  He  went  home, 
time  after  time,  to  endeavour  to  get 
'Out  from  Scotland  and  the  north  of  Ire- 
land ministers  and  schoolmasters  to  train 
up  in  the  "  old  paths''  the  Presbyterian 
community  in  Australia.  In  seeking  to 
fulfil  his  mission  as  a  minister  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  he  saw  much  of  the 
material  capabilities  of  the  land,  and  felt 
the  need  of  a  strong  current  of  immigra- 
tion to  make  Australia  what  it  ought  to 
be — a  prosperous  and  powerful  country. 
The  idea  took  possession  of  his  mind,  that 
a  stream  of  industrious,  healthful,  and 
virtuous  families  was  the  one  thing  need- 
ful for  the  accomplishment  of  the  high 
destinies  of  Australia :  to  the  realis- 
ation of  this  idea  he  devoted  his  great 
'energies  with  a  zeal  which  no  amount 
of  difficulty,  opposition,  and  reproach 
•could  damp.  In  1831  his  services  in  this 
line  began,  when  he  brought  out  sixty 
stonemasons  and  other  mechanics  with 
their  families,  in  the  "Stirling Castle," and 
thus  put  the  community  in  the  way  of 
using  the  abundant  stone  of  Port  Jackson 
for  the  erection  of  houses,  warehouses, 
and  public  buildings.  He  many  times 
repeated  the  operation  of  sending  out  immi- 
grant ships;  and  in  1847-8-9,  chartered 
three  vessels  for  Port  Phillip,  and  three  for 
Moreton  Bay,  which  brought  out  several 
thousands  of  enterprising  immigrants  to 
join  in  forming  the  then  future  colonies  of 
Victoria  and  Queensland.  It  would  be 
impossible  to  calculate  the  extent  of  the 
influence  which  these  efforts  of  Dr.  Lang 
have  had  upon  the  actual  history  of  Aus- 
tralia. In  1843  he  was  returned  to  the 
Legislative  Council,  then  the  only  Cham- 
ber, as  one  of  the  representatives  for  Port 
Phillip.     As  a  Member  of  the  Legislature 


he  advocated  an  extension  of  tiie  suffra^, 
the  separation  of  Port  Phillip  from  New 
South  Wales,  the  reduction  of  the  postal 
charges  to  a  uniform  rate  of  2d.  for  the 
whole  of  the  colony,  that  is,  for  all  Aus- 
tralia, and  the  geological   survey  of  the 
colony.     In  1850  he  was  first  elected  for 
Sydney.      In  the  next  year  he  was  re- 
turned  for  that  city  at  the  head  of  the 
polL     He  was  several  times   afterwards 
elected  for  Sydney.      Amongst  the,  mea- 
sures which   he    succeeded    in    canying 
through  Parliament  is  the  Act  aboli^ung 
Primogeniture,  and  securing  in  case  of 
intestacy,  an  equal  division  of  real  as  well 
as  personal  property  amongstalltliechildren 
of  the  deceased,  after  provision  for  the 
widow  had  been  made.     For  some  years 
he  represented  Moreton  Bay  in  the  Par- 
liament of    New  South   Wales,   and  la- 
boured strenuously  for  the  separation  of 
that  district  and  the  northerly  part  of 
Eastern  Australia  from  the  metropolitan 
colony.     In  pursuit  of  various  objects  he 
went    to    Great    Britain    several    times 
after  his  first  arrival  in  Australia.     Vari- 
ous disputes  in  the  Presbyterian  Church 
had  separated  Dr.  Lang  from  many  of  his 
brethren  in  the  ministry  of  that  denomin- 
ation.    But  in   1865  he,  aiid  those  who 
remained  with  him,  came  into  the  General 
Union  which  then  took  place,  and  he  after- 
wards took  part  in   the  work  of  church 
extension  with  all  his  early  zeal,  and  with 
that   happier  effect  which  is  due  to  the 
substitution   of   union   for  division,   and 
harmony  for  conflict.    ,As  Dr.  Lang  was 
during  his  career  engaged  in  controversies 
neither  few  nor  small,   it  is  the   more 
satisfactory  to  know  that  his  later  years 
were     spent     in     peaceftil     co-operation 
for   spiritual  and    beneficent    ends   with 
some  who  were  once  his  opponents.     On 
Sunday,   August    4th,    he    was  present, 
though  not  officiating,  at  the  service  in 
the    Scots'    church,   both    morning    and 
evening.     On  Monday  night  he  was  sud- 
denly taken  with  a  severe  attack,  and  the 
rupture  of  a  vessel  in  the  brain  brought 
him  into  a  condition  from  which,  in  the 
opinion  of  his  medical  attendant,  it  was 
not  to  be  expected  that  he  would  recover. 
He  remained  conscious,  as  he  indicated  by 
signs,  though  unable  to  speak,  until  the 


LANGTON— LA  PEROUSK 


lis 


last  hour,  and  also  showed  he  was  sen- 
able  that  his  end  was  approaching.  He 
died  in  Sydney  August  8,  1878,  and  his 
remains  were  accorded  a  public  funeral 

LANGTON,  Hon.  Edward,  was  bom 
January  2,  1828,  at  Gravesend,  Kent, 
where  his  father  was  in  business,  belongs 
to  the  family  of  Lincolnshire  Langtons 
(of  which,  in  Dr.  Johnson's  time,  the 
great  lexicographer's  friend  Bennet  Lang- 
ton  was  the  representative),  came  to  Vic- 
toria in  1852.  He  first  took  part  in 
pubhc  affairs  by  becoming  a  member  of 
the  committee  for  procuring  the  separation 
of  what  was  then  Fitzroy  Ward  from  the 
Qftj  of  Melbourne,  and  after  the  separa- 
ti(m,  in  1858,  was  one  of  the  first  Coun- 
cillors of  the  Borough  of  Fitzroy;  was 
the  first  to  resist  publicly  the  attempt 
to  introduce  Protection  into  Victoria. 
His  first  lecture  on  the  subject  was  deli- 
vered in  Fitzroy  in  1859.  At  the  general 
Section  in  the  same  year,  Mr.  Langton 
▼as  a  candidate  for  CoUingwood,  in  the 
Free-Trade  interest,  but  was  defeated.  In 
1861,  at  the  next  general  election,  he  was 
again  a  candidate  for  the  same  con- 
stituency, and  was  again  defeated,  but  by 
a  veiy  small  majority.  A  few  days  after 
this  second  defeat  he  was  nominated  for 
East  Melbourne,  but  was  defeated  by 
Mr.  Eyte;  In  1864  he  contested  the 
East  Bourke  Boroughs,  but  was  again 
onsQccessful.  In  1865,  on  the  diisso- 
lution  consequent  on  the  dispute  between 
tbe  two  Houses  over  the  Tariff  and 
Appropriation  Bill,  Mr.  Langton,  nothing 
daimted,  offered  himself  for  Dundas,  and 
was  once  more  defeated  ;  but  in  the  fol- 
lowing month,  January,  1866,  success  at 
length  crowned  his  efforts,  and  he  was 
elected  for  £ast  Melbourne,  defeating 
his  old  antagonist,  Mr.  Kyte.  Mr.  Lang- 
ton sat  for  that  constituency  for  one 
Parliament,  but  at  the  general  election 
in  1868,  not  wishing  to  divide  the  Free- 
Trade  interest,  he  left  East  Melbourne, 
^  contested  West  Melbourne,  for  which 
coQstitaency  he  was  elected.  He  repre- 
sented West  Melbourne  from  1868  until 
1877,  when  at  the  general  election  he  was 
^feated.  Mr.  Langton  has  been  twice  in 
office ;  in  1868  he  was  Treasurer  of  the 
^ori-lived  administration  of    Mr.    (now 


Sir)  Charles  Sladen ;  and  in  1872  h« 
filled  the  same  office  in  the  Francis 
government,  retiring  from  it  when  Mr. 
Francis  resigned,  and  declining  to  be  a 
Member  of  the  succeeding  government 
under  Mr.  Kerferd.  In  1874  Mr.  Lang- 
ton was  elected  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Cobden  Club.  He  was  for  some  time 
connected  with  the  Press,  having  been  on 
the  literary  staff  of  the  Argus^  and  was 
.proprietor  and  editor  of  the  weekly 
journal,  the  Spectator^  which  was  origin- 
ated in  1865  as  the  organ  of  the  Free-Trade 
party  in  Melbourne.  He  was  the  first 
Secretary  of  the  Free-Trade  League  of 
Victoria,  a  position  which  he  resigned  on 
being  elected  to  Parliament  in  1866.  Mr. 
Langton  is  a  trustee  and  treasurer  of  the 
Public  Library  and  Museums. 

LANIGAN,  Right  Rev.  Williai^ 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Goulbum,  was 
bom  in  May,  1820,  in  lisdaleen,  county 
Tipperary,  Ireland.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation at  Thurles  College,  and  afterwards 
completed  his  ecclesiastical  studies  at  the 
College  of  Maynooth  He  was  ordained 
priest  at  Maynooth  in  1848,  and  after 
spending  nearly  twelve  years  on  the 
mission  in  his  native  diocese  of  Cashel^ 
he  left  for  Sydney,  where  he  arrived 
in  November,  1859.  After  seven  years 
of  missionary  labour  in  Goulbum  and 
Berrima,  he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Goulbum,  June  9, 1867.  Since  that  time, 
the  Catholic  aspect  of  Goulbum  has  im- 
proved very  notably.  The  present  Bishop'a 
house  has  been  finished.  A  portion  of  a 
very  fine  Cathedral  has  been  also  finished, 
the  interior  of  which  is  very  neat  The 
Catholic  College  has  been  built  in  a  very 
commanding  position,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  notable  objects  about  Goulbum.  The 
Sisters  of  Mercy  Convent  was  built  before 
his  time,  but  within  the  last  year  has 
received  additions  which  make  it  an  im- 
posing building.  The  Bishop  has  been 
untiring  in  seeing  to  the  erection  of  these 
buildings,  and  to  their  successful  working. 
He  was  at  the  last  (Ecumenical  Council  at 
Rome,  and  returned  to  Goulbum  with 
several  priests. 

LA  PEROXJSE,  De,  Jean  Franqoib 
Galoup,  was  bom  at  Albi,  Languedoc,  in 
1741.     He  early  entered  the  Navy,  and  in 


lU 


LATEOBE— L££. 


.  1784  destroyed  the  trading  establishmeiLt 
of  the  Briti^  in  Hudson's  Bay.  In  1785 
he  sailed  on  a  voyage  of  discovery  in  the 
ships  *'  Boussole  "  and  "  Astrolabe.''  In 
December,  1787,  M.  de  T Angle,  the  captain 
o£  the  "Astrolabe,"  and  eleven  others  were 
killed  in  an  encounter  with  the  natives  of 
the  Navigators  Islands.  He  then  steered 
for  New  South  Wales,  and  on  January  26, 
1788,  anchored  in  Botany  Bay.  He  left 
on  March  10th,  and  no  further  tidings  of 
his  fate  were  heard  until  1826,  when  Gap- 
tain  Dillon  ascertained  that  both  his  ships 
were  lost  on  a  reef  at  Mallriolle,  lat  11** 
4'  S.,  long.  169"  20'  K,  and  that  part  of 
.the  crew  of  one  ship  had  escaped;  some 
were  murdered  by  the  savages,  the  others 
built  a  small  vessel  and  sailed  away,  but 
were  never  heard  of  afterwards.  MM. 
Bougainville  &nd  .Decampaix,  of  the 
« Thetis  "  and  "  L'iEsp^iance,"  erected  a 
monument  to  La  Perouse  during  their 
stay  in  Sydney  in  1825. 

LATBOB^  Chables  Joseph,  C.R, 
third  son  of  the  Bev.  C.  J.  Latrobe, 
was  bom  in  London,  March  20,  1801. 
He  was  educated  amongst  the  Mora- 
vians and  was  intended  for  the  ministry. 
He  spent  some  yeara  in  travelling  in 
America  and  on  the  Continent  In 
1837,  he  was  selected  to  make  a  tour  of 
the  West  India  Islands  and  report  on 
the  application  of  the  funds  voted  by  Par- 
liament for  the  education  of  the  negroes. 
In  1839  he  was  appointed  Superintendent 
of  Port  Phillip  district^  and  in  1851 
Lieutenant- Grovemor  of  Victoria  on  its 
separation  from  New  South  Wale&  He 
resigned  this  appointment  May  5,  1854, 
and  returned  to  England.  In  1835  he 
married  the  third,  daughter  of  M.  de 
Montmollin,  of  NeufchateL  He  wrote 
the  "  Alpenstock  "  and  "  Bambles  in 
Mexico."  He  died  in  London,  December 
2,  1875. 

LAWES,  Rev.  William  Grant,  New 
Guinea  missionary,  was  bom  at  Beading  in 
1839.  He  became  a  minister  of  the  Con- 
gregational Church  in  1860.  He  left 
England  the  same  year,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  London  Missionary  Society,  and 
arrived  in  Sydney  in  May,  1861.  He 
went  to  Kive  or  Savage  Island,  and  for 
seven  years  he  and  his  wife  were  the  only 


white  people  on  the  island.  He  returned 
to  Knglajidj  and  left  again  with  Mrs. 
Lawes  in  1874  to  join  the  new  mission  in 
New  Guinea.  Attacks  of  fever  compelled 
them  to  leave,  and  having  lost  one  child, 
Mrs.  Lawes  and  their  sut-viving  child 
returned  to  England  in  1878. 

LEAKE,  G.  W.,  Q.C„  filled  the  office  of 
acting  Crown  Solicitor,  Western  Australia, 
from  August,  1857,  to  February,  1858,agaiii 
from  December,  1858,  to  May,  1859,  and 
since  February,  1860,  has  discharged  die 
permanent  duties  of  that  office ;  held  offioe 
as  acting  Police  Magistrate,  Perth,  from 
December,  1863,  to  March,  1866;  actiug 
Attorney-General  from  October  19,  1872 
to  March  6,  1873 ;  Public  Prosecutor  from 
August,  1873,  to  January  13,  1874;  aad 
again  from  that  date  acting  Attoraey- 
Qeneral  to  December,  1874. 

LEAKY,  Joseph,  M.LA.,  bom  in 
Sydney  in  1831 ;  educated  at  St.  Mary's 
Seminary,  and  for  a  short  time  afterwards 
at  Sydney  College  under  Mr.  W.  T.  Cape ; 
finished  his  education  at  the  University, 
where  he  remained  for  two  years ;  in  1863 
was  admitted  an  attorney  and  solicitor  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  South  Wales ; 
entered  Parliament  as  representative  of 
Narellan  in  1861,  and  has  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  period  of  three  years  sat  in  the 
House  ever  since ;  was  elected  for  the 
Murrumbidgee  in  1874.  After  having 
refused  office  on  two  occasions,  he  on 
December  18,  1877,  accepted  office  as 
Minister  for  Justice  in  the  Famell  Govern- 
ment, and  retired  with  his  party  in 
December,  1878  ;  he  continues  to  represent 
the  Murrumbidgee. 

LEE,  Benjakik,  was  bora  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Worcester,  England,  February  IQ^ 
1788.  Li  January,  1804,  being  then 
only  sixteen  yeara  of  age,  he  enlisted  in 
the  14th  Light  Dragoons.  In  1808  he  went 
out  to  the  Peninsula  under  the  command  of 
Sir  Arthur  Wellesley,  afterwards  Duke  d 
Wellington,  and  was  present  at  the  pan 
of  the  Do\iro  and  at  Talavera,  in  1809 ; 
was  also  present  at  Ciudad  Kodrigo,  Sa- 
lamanca^ Fuentes  D'Onoro,  Badi^os,  and 
at  the  subsequent  events  until  the  end  of 
the  war  in  1814,  receivim;  three  severe 
wounds  during  the  counTtf  his  service; 
Having  joined  as  a  private,  in  three  years 


LEICHHAKDT. 


115 


ke  was  promoted  to  be  a  Corpoial,  in  two 
jwn  more  was  mijtde  a  Sergeant,  and  five 
T«an  later  was  i^pointed  Sergeant-major  of 
the  regiment,  which  office  he  held  until  the 
end  of  his  term  (ti^enty-fiye  years)  with 
ttuch  credit  to  himself  and  to  the  satisfac- 
tioQ  of  his  superior  officers,  who  highly- 
respected  him  for  his  exemplary  behaviour 
«id  attention  to  his  dntie&      On  the  regi- 
ment returning  home  he  was  not  permitted 
to  enjoy  lon^  repose,   for  war  breaking 
eot  in  Ammca^  he  embarked  for  the  New 
World,  and  was   present  at  the  battle  of 
New  Orleans  in  1815  ;  returned  to  Eng- 
land just    after    the    decisive  battle    of 
Waterloo  had  been  fought.     In  1829  he 
eame  to  N.S.W.,  and  after  visiting  the 
Maitiand  distarict,  settled  in  Parvamatta  in 
1830,  residing  there  till  his  death,  April 
13, 1879.      Mr.  Lee  has  left  a  numerous 
fuoiiy,  fourteen  of  which  have  reached 
te  over  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  some 
of  them    now;    holding  very  responsible 
positions  in  society,  and  his  children  and 
diildren's  children  now  number  over  one 
himdred  souls. 

LEICHBLARDT,  Ludwio,  was  bom  in 
Prussia,  in  1814,  and  educated  in  Paris. 
Arrived  in  New  South  Wales  in  the  "  Sir 
Edward  Paget,"  in  the  year  1840,  and 
i^ving  first  made  an  exploratory  journey 
in  tlie  Moveton  Bay  district,  started  from 
fiydn^  August  13,  1844,  for  an  overland 
journey  from  Brisbane  to  Port  Essington. 
Left  Brisbane  September  1,  1844.  The 
party  consisted  of  leader,  Dr.  Ludwig 
hekhhardt,  Mr.  James  Snowden  Calvert, 
Mr.  John  Gilbert^  brother-in-law  of  and 
collector  for  Mr.  Gfould,  John  Eoper,  John 
Murphy,  a  lad  of  sixteen,  William  Phillips, 
3fr.  Pemberton  Hodgson,  and  Caleb,  an 
American  n^ro  (these  two  returned,  the 
party  being  found  too  large),  Harry  Brown, 
a  Kewcastle  aboriginal,  and  Charley,  a 
Bsthurst  aboriginal.  Arrived  at  Jimbour 
Sept  30th,  and  left  October  1st;  reached 
the  Condamine  Oct,  7th;  Dawson  River 
diacovered  November  5th,  lat.  26"  4'  9", 
named  after  B^  B.  Dawson,  Esq.,  of  Black 
Creek  (now  of  Cacdno) ;  Calvert's  Plains, 
^r  J.  Sl  Calvert,  covered  with  luxuriant 
p9s8  and  herbs,  November  6th ;  travelled 
<lowii  the  Dawson  in  a  northerly  direction, 
hoX  left  it  when  it  turned  to  the  east 


Nov.   14th,  lat.  25'  37'  12";   Robinson's 
Creek,  lat  25''  27'  12",  and  Mui-ph^s  Lake 
(after  John  Murphy)  Nov.  19th;  Mount 
Nicholson  to  the  west,  lat.  25"  19'  19', 
afber    Dr.  (now  Sir)    Charles    Nicholson, 
Nov.  27th  ;  discovered  the  Boyd  Biver, 
running  south-west,  named  after  Benjamin 
Boyd,  Esq.,  November 2Sth ;  Zamia  Creek 
December  2nd ;  on  the  eth,  lat.  24**  54'  49"; 
saw  Christmas  E^ge  to  the  north  and 
north-west,  December  10th;  Brown's  La- 
goons (after  Harry  Brown)  December  16th; 
December  25th,  on  Albinia  Downs ;  saw 
the  comet  for  the  first  time,  Dec  28th ; 
Comet  Creek  (so  named  in  consequence  of 
the  comet,  previously  seen),  lat  23''  41'  14'^, 
Januaiy  9,  1845;  Mackenzie  River  from 
west  and  north-west,  named  after  8ir  Evan 
Mackenzie,  of  Kilcoy,  Bart,  at  that  time 
a  squatter  in  New  South  Wales,  January 
10th  ;    Mount  Stewart,  named  after  Mr. 
Stewart,  veterinary  surgeon,  Sydney,  Ja- 
nuary ISth ;   Newman's  Creek,  where  he 
planted  peach  stones  given  him  by  Mr, 
Newman,  the  superintendent  of  the  Bo- 
tanic Gardens  in  Hobart  Town,  January 
26tL    At  the  head  of  the  creek  saw  Peak 
Bange,  to  the  north:  three  peaks  named 
Boper's  Peak,  Scott's  Peak,  after  Helenus 
Scott,  Esq.,  of  Glendon  (now  Police  Ma- 
gistrate at  Newcastle),  and  Macarthur's 
Peak,    after   Wm.    Macarthur,   Esq.,   of 
Camden,  and  another,  Calvert's  Peak,  after 
J.  S.  Calvert,  January  27th.     W^it  up 
Campbell's  Peak,  named  after  Mr.  Camp- 
bell, of  Darling  Downs,   February  6th ; 
Hughs's  Creek,  after  Mr.  Hughs,  of  Dar- 
ling Downs,  running  N.N.E.,  lat  22"  29', 
February  12tL  Isaacs  Biver(dry),  named 
after  F.  Isaacs,  Esq.,  of  Darling  Downs, 
running  from  north  and  noi*th-west,  Feb- 
ruary   13  th.     Travelled  70  miles  up  the 
Isaacs  till  March  5th,  and  went  through  a 
mountain  gorge  at  its  head  to  the  head 
of  Suttor  Creek,  flowing  west,  after  Mr. 
Suttor,  March  7th.  Followed  SuttorCreek, 


lat.  21*  23',  March  10th — course  nearly 
north.  Cape  Biver,  named  after  Capt 
Cape  of  the  **  Shamrock"  steamer,  joins  the 
Suttor  in  lat  20'  49'  and  the  course 
changes  to  N.E.  ;  on  March  27th,  in  lat 
20'  37'  13",  long.  146',  discovered  the 
Burdekin,  named  after  Mrs.^Burdekin,  of 
Sydney ;   Mount  M*Co7Uiell,  named  after 


116 


LEICHHARDT. 


Fred  M*Connell,  Esq. ;  Mount  Graham  to 
the  KN.K,  named  after  R  Graham,  Esq., 
April  2nd.  Travelling  up  the  Burdekin, 
Kobey's  Eange  on  the  right  until  April 
6th— then  Porter's  Range,  lat  20'  14', 
further  on,  both  named  alter  friendly  con- 
tributors to  the  expedition.  Passed  Clarke 
River  coming  from-  the  west,  named  after 
Rev.  W,  B.  Clarke,  of  Parramatta;  blue 
mountain  parrots  frequent,  April  22nd. 
Passed  Perry  River  from  the  north,  named 
after  Captain  Perry,  Deputy  Surveyor- 
General,  April  24th— long.  144"  14', 
appears  to  be  60'  too  far  west  Mount  Lang 
to  the  north-west  (named  after  Dr.  John 
D.  Lang)  May  5th.  After  passing  Mount 
Lang^  May  11th,  explored  Separation 
Creek,  named  from  its  dividing  the  basalt 
from  the  primitive  formations,  but  finding 
that  it  went  to  the  N.E.,  persevered  until 
Lynd  River  (named  after  R  Lynd,  Esq.) 
was  discovered.  May  23rd.  €k>ing  down  the 
L3md,  came  to  Elirchner  Range  on  the  right 
hand,  named  after  W.  Kirchner,  B^., 
Consul  for  Austria,  June  5th.  Mitchell 
River,  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Lynd, 
named  after  Sir  Thomas  Mitchell,  June 
16th— lat.  16"  30'— which  was  followed 
imtil  June  25th,  lat  1 5"  5 1'  26^  but  as  it  led 
too  far  north  left  it  here  and  travelled  west, 
June  26th.  Travelling  to  south  and  west 
June  28th  occurred  the  attack  of  the  natives 
at  night  in  which  Roper  and  Calvert  were 
severely  wounded  and  Gilbert  killed  ;  left 
this  camp  July  1st,  travelling  in  the  same 
direction,  and  came  to  salt  water  on  the 
5th.  Natives  unfriendly  or  afraid  until 
July  20th,  when  some  commimication  with 
natives  was  held  ;  laughing  jackass  (JDcuxlo 
cervina)  different  from  that  of  New  South 
Wales  (Ddcelo  gigantea).  Flinders  River 
(Vaj)par),  July  26th.  Turned  to  tihe  west, 
July  30th  ;  Albert  or  Mayet  Enker  River, 
Aligust  5th  to  the  10th;  crossed  Beames 
river,  named  after  Walter  Beames,  Esq., 
Sydney,  August  19th.  Nicholson  River, 
named  after  Dr.  William  Alleyne  Nichol- 
son, of  Bristol.  Moonlight  Creek  explored 
by  moonlight,  August  22nd ;  Smith's  Creek, 
after  Mr.  Smith,  of  Darling  Downs, 
August  26th.  Marlow  River,  after  Capt 
Marlow  of  the  Engineers,  August  29th. 
Turner's  Creek,  from  Cowper  Turner,  Esq., 
of  Sydney,   September  2nd.     Wentworth 


Creek,  from  W.  C.  Wentworth,  Esq.,  Sep- 
tember 4th)  Van  Alphen  River,  lat  1 6*  4 1 ', 
long.  137'  48',    September  6th.     Calvert 
River,  from  J.  S.  Calvert,  September  8th ; 
Abel  Tasman  River,  September  9th ;  Seven 
Emu  River,  September  14th;  Cycas  Creek 
and  Robinson  River,  after  J.  P.  Robinson, 
Esq.,  September  16th ;    Macarthur  River 
(largest  seen)  from  James  and  William 
Macarthur,  of  Camden,  September  2l8t; 
Stermlia  Creek,  September  29th  and  30th  ; 
Red  Kangaroo  River,  October  1st,  long. 
136";  October  2nd,  lat  15'  25'  18";  Cape 
Mania,  October  6th,  lat  15**  14';  Limmen 
Bight  River,  October  9th  ;  four  flat-topped 
.  cones  of  sandstone,  the  Four  Archers,  after 
David,  Charles,  John,  and  Thomas  Archer, 
of    Moreton   Bay,   and   crossed   Limmen 
Bight  River,  lat  15*  30'  31",  October  14th ; 
Wickham    River,    after    Captain  -Wick- 
ham,   of  Moreton  Bay,   formerly  of  the 
Beagle,  October  14th  ;  ''Spring,"  the  kan- 
garoo dog,  died  Oct   16th ;  Roper  River 
N.E.   to   S.W.,   October  19th-20th,   lat 
14"    47',  long.    135*    10'  ;    three    horses 
drowned,  which  necessitated  the  destruction 
of  the  botanical  collection  October  21st; 
Hodgson's  CVeek,  after  Pemberton  Hodg- 
son, Esq.,  and  Wilton  River,  from  Rev.  C 
P.  N.  Wilton,  of  Newcastle,  joining  from 
the  north ;   another  horse   drowiied    Oct 
23rd  ;  crossed  the  Roper,  lat  14"  44'  Oct 
24th  ;  Creek,  lat   14''  2'    46*  November 
3rd  ;  left  the  Creek  (coming  from  west)  to 
go  north,  lat  13^  56'  46"  November  4th ; 
South  AlUgator  River,  13'  5'  49"  60  miles 
from  its  mouth — 140  from  Port  Essingtoi^ 
November  24th  ;  met  natives  talking  what 
wajs  meant  for  English,   Nov.  27th ;  met 
natives    talking  English,  December  2nd 
long.  132'  40',  lat  12"  23'  19"  Dec.  5th 
crossed  the  East  Alligator  River  Dec.  6th 
four  days  (native  estimate)  from  the  Pen- 
insula, six  from  Port  Essington,  Deo.  9th 
Nyualls  Lagoon  (from  a  native  guide)  Dec. 
lOth  ;  Mount  Morris  Bay  December  14th^ 
lat  (at  night)  IV  32'  IT;  Raffles   Bay, 
Dec.  16th ;  arrived  at  Port  Essington,  De- 
cember 17,  1845.     After  a  month's  stay 
embarked  in  the   "  Heroine,"  Capt   Mac- 
kenzie,    and     anived     in    Svdney    {via 
Ton-es    Straits)     March    29,  'l846.     On 
his  return  to  Sydney  he    was    reoeivedi 
with  enthusiasm.     The  Government  gave- 


LEIGH— LIGHT. 


11 


^l,000f  and  about  j£l,500  -whs  subscribed 
^d  dhided  amongst  the  gallant  party.    In 
^Ul  he  made  an   iinsucx^essful  attempt  to 
^^xuniue  the  country  between  his  own  and 
0t  T.  Mitchell's  routes,  and  in  October  of 
4h^  year  prepared  for  his  iinal  ex])edition. 
*tb»  party    consisted   of   himself,   Arthur 
0entig,  Classen,  DoniUd,  Stuart,  Kelly,  and 
two    blacks.      On    February    26,     1848, 
he  wrote  from    Canning   Downs  that  he 
sbould  alart  on  the  28th  down  the  Conda- 
luae,  up  the  lagoon  and  Victoria,  and  then 
north  to  the  waters  of  the  Gulf  of  Car- 
pentaria, and  then  strike  west.     This  is  the 
}mA  authentic  news  that  was  received  of 
tlie  ill-fated  party.     Keports  have  been  rife 
from  time  to  time,   but  have  never  ended 
I    ifi  real  information  regarding  their  fate. 

LEIGH,  Rev.  Samuel,  iiret  Methodist 
J    minister  in  Austialia,   bom  in  England, 
1785^      He  had  been  first  brought  up  in 
the     Independent    Church  ;     arrived     in 
Australia,  in   1815.      On  his  arrival  the 
Oovemor  discouraged  him,  but  he  enlisted 
the  patronage  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Marsden ; 
ea     !March    16,   181 G,    he  held   his  first 
service,  and  had  a  total  congregation  of  44 
laembera  ;  hLs  first  seionon  was  preached 
ia  a  private  house   iii   Sydney  ;    his  first 
«onvert  was  a  convict  who  afterwards  rose 
to  a  respectable  position,  and  was  the  fii'st 
finan  in  Australia  to  start   a   stage-coach. 
Mr.    Xieigli  visited   England  in  1818  and 
Tetomed  in  1820 ;    then  settled  in   New 
2esala.nd  ;  in  consequence  of  failing  health, 
feft  toT  New  South  Wales,  but  after  a  few 
years  in  Sydney  he  retired  in  1831,  and 
W  a^tinie  lesumed  circuit  employment  in 
England,  where  he  died  in  1851,  aged  66. 
UOAll,  Charles  Whxbbow,   bom  in 
1809  in    Ceylon,  where  his    father  was 
stationed  with  his  regiment ;  was  educated 
at  the  Royal  Military  College,  Sandlmrst, 
Uid  received  a  commission   in  the   Royal 
Bngineers,  but  shortly  afterwards  resigned ; 
^rW  employed  on  the  Ordnance  Survey 
«f   Ireland    until    1840,   when    he   was 
Appointed  Surveyor-General  of  New  Zea- 
land    He  was  ^^recked  at  the  Cape  of 
IJood  Hope,  and  did  not  arrive  in  New 
Zealand    tUl     the     end  of    1841  ;     was 
appointed  Colonel   and   Commandant  of 
die  New  Zealand  Militia,  and  took  part 
i&  the  irar  at    the    Bay  of  Islands;  in 


1856  relinquished  the  Surveyor-General- 
ship, and  in  1857  came  to  Victoria  as  Land 
Commissioner  for  the  Province  of  Otago ; 
became  Surveyor-General  of  Victoria  in 
1858,  and  retii-ed  on  a  pension  in  1869. 
He  returned  to  Europe,  and  after  residing 
in  England  and  various  parts  of  the 
Continent  has  finally  settled  m  Texas, 
where  he  has  embarked  in  stock-niising. 
He  married,  in  1839,  Grace,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Hanyngton,  Dungannon,  T3rrone. 
LIGHT,  Colonel  William,  first  Sur- 
veyor-General of  South  Australia,  and 
founder  of  the  City  of  Adelaide,  bom  about 
the  year  1784,  was  of  mixed  European 
and  Malayan  races.  His  father,  a  captain 
of  a  fi'ee  ti-ader  to  India,  married  the 
daughter  of  the  sovereign  of  the  Malacca 
Territory,  King  Tuedah,  who  gave  as  his 
daughter's  dowry  the  Island  of  Penang, 
afterwards  called  Prince  of  Wales  Island, 
in  compliment  to  George,  Prince  of  Wales, 
when  the  sovereignty  of  the  island  was  made 
over  to  the  British  Crown,  at  the  instance 
of  Mr.  Light.  William  Light  received  a 
good  education  and  made  many  distin- 
guished friends,  being  occasionally  a  guest 
at  Carlton  House.  He  entered  the  military 
Rer\'ice  as  a  cavalry  officer,  and  served  in 
the  Peninsular  war  as  Lieutenant  of  the 
Fourth  Light  Dragoons.  He  spoke  several 
languages  fluently,  amongst  othera  French 
and  Spanish,  and  was  employed  in  the 
Intelligence  department  of  the  Army, 
mixing  with  Spanish  families,  and  obtain- 
ing valuable  information  of  the  move- 
ments of  the  French,  which  on  several 
occasions  was  of  signal  service  to  Lord 
Wellesley.  After  the  peace  Lieutenant 
Light  returned  to  England,  and  when 
news  arrived  of  the  escape  of  Napoleon  I. 
from  Elba,  he  was  appointed  Brigade- 
Major  to  the  Heavy  Brigade.  Shortly 
after  this  he  was  promoted  to  the 
I'ank  of  Captain,  but  subsequently  left 
the  Army.  He  accompanied  Sir  Robert 
Wilton,  however,  to  Spain,  to  aid  in  the 
Spanish  revolutionary  war,  and  received 
the  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  SpanLsh  forces. 
After  this  he  accepted  sei-vice  in  the  Navy 
of  the  Pasha  of  Egypt,  when  ho  became 
acf^uainted  with  Captain  Hindmarsh,  who 
was  also  in  the  Pasha's  service,  and 
negotiating  to  obtain  the  command  of  the 


118 


LILLET. 


Egyptian  fleet.  Captain  Hindmarah  then 
accepted  the  Govemorsliip  of  South 
Australia,  and  Colonel  Light  was 
appointed  Surveyor-General  He  was 
then  entrusted  with  full  authority  to 
select  and  survey  the  site  for  the  City  of 
Adelaide.  Early  in  1837  these  duties 
were  completed,  and  the  first  selection  and 
sale  of  lands  took  place  in  March  of  that 
year.  Shortly  after  this,  owing  to  a  dis- 
agreement with  the  then  ruling  Commis- 
sioners, Colonel  Light  resigned  his  appoint- 
ment as  Surveyor-Genei*al,  and  became 
the  head  of  the  firm  of  Light,  Finniss,  and 
Co.,  undertaking  the  survey  of  Port  Ade- 
laide, the  brig  "  Rapid  "  being  placed  at 
liis  disposal  for  that  purpose.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year  (1838)  his  health,  which  had 
been  for  some  time  failing,  broke  down 
completely,  and  he  died,  aged  54,  shortly 
after  the  arrival  in  the  colony  of  Governor 
Colonel  Gawler.  His  I'emains  lie  interred 
in  a  vault  under  an  obelisk  erected  to  his 
memory  by  a  few  of  his  friends,  the  earliest 
colonists  of  South  Australia.  His  gi-eat 
anxiety  when  dying  was  to  be  regarded  as 
the  founder  of  Adelaide,  in  consequence  of 
which,  it  is  understood,  on  inscription  to 
that  effect  was  buried  with  him  inside 
the  coffin. 

LILLEY,  Mr.  Justice  Charles,  bom 
at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Northumberland, 
England.  He  completed  his  education  in 
London,  at  University  College.  Arrived 
in  the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales  in 
1856  ;  after  a  short  stay  in  Sydney,  pro- 
ceeded to  Moreton  Bay  the  same  year,  and 
was  articled  to  Mr.  Robert  Little,  Crown 
Solicitor.  Took  an  active  part  as  a  writer 
and  speaker  in  the  question  of  separa- 
tion of  Moreton  Bay  from  New  South 
Wales;  became  editor  (and  joint  lessee 
with  W.  C.  Belbridge)  of  the  Moreton  Bay 
Courier;  elected,  on  the  foundation  of  the 
colony,  in  1860  to  the  first  Parliament  of 
Queensland,  as  Member  for  Fortitude 
Valley,  which  Electorate  he  continued  to 
represent  until  1874,  having  been  nine 
times  elected ;  was  called  to  the  Bar  of 
Queensland  in  1861 ;  accepted  office  as 
Attomey-Greneral  in  the  administration  of 
Mr.  R.  G.  W.  Herbert,  then  Premier  of 
the  colony,  now  permanent  Under-Secre- 
tary for  the  Colonies,  in  1865 ;  Attomey- 


Ge&eFBl  in  the  Macalister  administmtioii 
in  1866 ;  was  Premier  and  Attonfiy* 
General  on  the  defeat  of  the  Mackenzie- 
Palmer  administration  in  November,  1868; 
Colonial  Secretary,  November,  1869,  whon 
he  established  free  education  in  aU  the 
Primary  Schools  of  Queensland,  com- 
mencing from  Januaiy  1,  1870,  a  reform 
which  has  from  that  time  continued  in  th» 
administration  of  Queensland.  This  was 
the  first  establishment  •  of  free  education, 
as  a  complete  system  of  public  right,  <m 
Australian  soil,  and  it  was  followed  by 
Victoria  in  1872-3.  In  consequence  of 
the  A  S.  N.  Company's  demanding  a  hi^ 
subsidy  with  privil^fes  for  carrying  the* 
Queensland  mails,  he  ordered  in  1869, 
from  T.  S.  Mort  and  Co.,  three  ocean 
steamers,  the  "€k>vemor  Blackall,''  one 
of  the  three,  being  the  first  ocean  steamer 
completely  built  and  fitted  in  the  ooloniea 
The  A  S.  N.  Company  then  accepted  a  sub- 
sidy of  one-third  of  their  previous  demand. 
Mr.  Lilley  was  mainly  instrumental  in 
establishing  the  Brisbane  Grammar  SchooL 
He  is  now  Chairman  of  the  Trustees,  and 
has  founded  gold  and  silver  medals  for 
competition.  He  obtained  from  the  Uni* 
versity  of  London  a  consent  to  hold 
matriculation  examinations  in  Brisbane. 
He  had  previously  obtained  from  Parlia- 
ment a  statute  to  promote  this  object  in 
connection  with  the  London  or  Colbnial 
Universities.  Whilst  in  office  (1868-70) 
he  insisted  on  retrenchment  and  economy, 
refusing  to  borrow  until  1870.  Th» 
wholesome  policy  was,  of  course,  not 
popular.  In  1870  the  Parliament  dis- 
approving his  action  in  building  the  "  Go- 
vernor BlackallV  without  Parliamentary 
vote,  he  resigned  office,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Mr.  A.  H.  Palmer.  After  the  general 
election  under  the  new  Act,  the  Palmer 
ministry  were  defeated  on  the  election  <^ 
the  S])eaker,  and  resigned,  1873,  Mr. 
Lilley  refusing  office  in  the  succeeding 
Macalister  ministry.  Li  February,  1874, 
was  appointed  an  acting  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court.  In  July,  1874,  he  was 
permanently  appointed  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  a  position  he  still 
holds.  He  is  a  liberal,  and  has  always 
taken  a  deep  and  active  interest  in  educa> 
tion  and  law  reform.     He  was  Chairman 


LIMERICK— MSGAJL 


n» 


d  the  Royal  Commission  on  Education  in 
1874,  which  resulted  in  free,  secular,  and 
oompalfioiy  education  being  embodied  in 
die  statute  law  in  1875.  In  1872,  as  a 
prh'ate  member,  be  moved  for  and  ob- 
tained the  ap)K>intment  of  a  Royal  Com- 
mission on  Law  Reform,  of  wbicb  he 
became  Chairman.  The  result  was  the 
passing  in  1876  of  the  Queensland  edition 
of  the  English  Judicature  Act.  He  repre- 
wiited  without  a  change  the  Electorate 
of  Fortitude  Valley  from  the  beginning 
to  the  end  of  his  parliamentary  career. 

LIMERICK,  Third  Earl  of,  Viscount 
Limerick,  Baron  Glentworth  (Ireland), 
B.UJOS  Foxford  (United  Kingdom),  by 
vhich  last  title  he  holds  his  seat  in  the 
HoDse  of  Lords. — ^William  Hale  John 
Charles  Pery,  eldest  son  of  the  second 
Earl  of  Limerick  by  his  first  wife,  Susanna, 
the  only  daughter  of  William  Sheaffe, 
Esq.,  Surveyor  of  Excise  at  Mallow,  L-e- 
land,  was  bom  in  Norfolk  Island,  then  a 
dependency  of  New  South  Wales,  1840 ; 
naited  Sydney  on  several  occasions,  and 
was  well  known  in  many  circles  there ; 
appointed  Ensign  of  Rifle  Brigade,  1858 ; 
rrtrre<l  1862  ;  married,  1862,  his  cousin, 
(laughter  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Gray,  Vicar 
d  Almondsburj',  Gloucestershire ;  is 
a  Deputy-Lieutenant  of  the  county  of 
Limerick,  and  Captain  of  that  county 
Militia ;  succeeded  his  father  in  1866. 
His  son  William  Henry  Edmond  de  Vere 
J^beaffe,  Vwcount  Glentworth,  was  bom 
in  1863. 

LIPSON,  Captaik  Thom.\s,  RK,  bom 
1T83  or  1784,  at  the  early  age  of  10  years 
entered  the  Navy  as  first-class  volunteer 
on  board  the  "  Windsor  Castle,"  98  guns. 
Captain  SirT.  Byard,  with  whom  he  served 
»t  the  reduction  of  Corsica.  In  1797  he 
served  in  the  "  Bedford,"  74,  at  the  action 
off  Camperdown  ;  in  1798,  in  the  "Fou- 
drovant,"  80,  at  tie  capture  of  the  French 
^(tp&dran  destined  for  the  invasion  of  Ire- 
W ;  and  from  this  time  in  various  ships 
of  war  till  he  was  nominated  acting 
lieutenant  of  the  "  Sabrina,"  January  24, 
1 508.  He  was  officially  promoted  June 
-}  1809,  and  in  1810  was  made  Senior 
Lieutenant  of  the  "Bonne  Citoyenne,** 
<^orvette,  on  the  South  American  station. 
Captain  Lxpeon  was  awarded  a  medal  and 


two  clasps  for  general  actions  during  the 
war.  In  1836  Commander  Lipson  was 
appointed  by  the  Admiralty  as  Naval 
Officer  for  South  Australia,  by  the  Colo- 
nial Government  as  Harbour  Master  at 
Port  Adelaide,  and  by  the  Honorable  Com- 
missioners of  HM.  Customs  as  Collector 
for  South  Australia.  The  latter  office  he 
resigned  in  1840,  but  held  the  other  two 
until  1855,  when  he  retired  on  a  life  pen- 
sion. Several  valuable  surveys  of  the 
South  Australian  coast  were  made  by  him, 
and  duly  acknowledged  by  the  Home 
Government.  In  1856  Commander  Lipson 
was  promoted  to  a  Post-Captaincy  on  the 
Retired  List.  In  his  official  as  well  as  his 
private  life  he  was  universally  respected 
and  beloved,  and  it  has  been  truly  remarked 
that  he  never  made  an  enemy.  On  his 
retirement  from  office,  a  handsome  silver 
tea-service,  which  was  subscribed  for  by 
persons  resident  or  connected  with  the 
Port,  was  presented  to  him  as  a  token  of 
the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held,  and  also 
as  a  recognition  of  the  arduous  duties 
which  he  had  to  perform  connected  with 
the  shipping  interests  in  the  early  days  of 
the  colony. 

LISGAR,  Baron,  better  remembered  in 
the  colonies  as  Sir  John  Yoimg,  was  bom 
at  Bailicborough  Castle,  county  Cavan, 
Ireland,  April  30,  1807.  He  was  educated 
at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  and 
took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1829.  He 
was  elected  Member  of  the  House 
of  Commons  for  Cavan  in  1831,  and 
continued  to  represent  that  county  until 
1855.  In  1834  he  was  called  to  the  Bar. 
In  1835  he  married  Adelaide  Anqabella, 
daughter  of  Edward  Tuite  Balton,  Esq. 
In  1841  he  was  a  Member  of  the  ministry. 
In  1848  he  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy  on 
the  death  of  his  father,  and  in  1852  was 
Chief  Secretaiy  for '  Ireland ;  in  1855  he 
was  appointed  Locd  High  Commissioner 
of  the  Ionian  Islands,  and  held  that  posi- 
tion until  the  British  Government  handed 
them  over  to  Greece  in  1859 ;  in  1861 
was  made  Governor  of  New  South  Wales, 
and  in  1868  Governor-General  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada.  On  October  8, 
1870,  he  was  raised  to  the  Peerage  of  the 
United  Kingdom  as  Baron  Lisgar  of  Lisgar 
and  Bailieborough.   He  died  Oct  14, 1876. 


120 


LLOYD— LOWR 


LLOYD,  George  Alfred,  bom  at 
Norwood,  near  London,  was  educated  at 
Aske's  Hospital  School.  In  18*30  he 
entered,  as  clerk,  the  office  of  a  shipping  and 
insurance  broker  in  London.  Wliilst  still 
a  youth  he  came  out  with  his  employer 
to  New  South  Wales,  in  1833.  In  1837 
he  began  business  for  himself  as  a  farmer, 
on  the  Williams  River  ;  in  1840  came 
to  Sydney  and  started  as  an  auctioneer ;  in 
1850  began  the  business  of  a  general  mer- 
chant He  was  one  of  the  first  buyers  of 
gold-dust  in  1851.  In  1855,  having  real- 
ised a  considerable  fortune,  he  went  to 
England  In  1860,  after  his  return  to 
Sydney,  he  again  started  as  a  merchant. 
He  first  entered  into  the  political  arena  in 
1869,  when  he  defeated  Mr.  Jame.s  Mar- 
tin at  Newcastle,  and  took  his  seat  for 
that  constituency  in  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly; was  several  times  re-elected  by  the 
constituency  of  Newcastle.  He  was  Post- 
master-General, and  afterwards  Colonial 
Treasurer  in  the  Parkes  ministry,  which 
lasted  from  May,  1872,  to  February,  1875; 
and  was  Minister  for  Mines  in  the  Parkes 
ministry  of  1877,  but  was  defeated  for 
Newcastle  at  the  last  general  election, 
1877-8. 

LOFTUS,  His  Excellency  the  Right 
Hon.  Sir  Augustus  William  Frederick 
Spencer,  Viscount  Loftus,  Govemor-in- 
Chief  of  New  South  Wales  and  its  Depen- 
dencies, is  the  fourth  son  of  the  second 
Marquis  of  Ely.  He  was  bom  in  1817,  and 
was  educateil  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
Enteringthe  Diplomatic  Service,  he  became 
Attach^  at  Berlin  in  1837;  paid  Attach^  at 
Stuttgart  in  1844 ;  served  with  the 
special  missions  at  Berlin  and  Vienna  in 
1848 ;  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Legation 
at  Stuttgart  in  1852 ;  transferred  to 
Berlin  in  1853 ;  acted  as  Charge  d' Affaires 
there  during  iK)rtions  of  the  years  1853, 
1855,  1857  ;  appointed  Envoy  at  Vienna 
March,  1858 ;  transferred  to  Berlin  in 
1860;  to  Munich  in  1862;  returned  to 
Berlin  in  1865 ;  accredited  to  the  North 
German  Confederation  in  1868.  In  July, 
1871,  he  was  appointed  to  replace  Sir 
Andrew  Buchanan  as  Ambassador  at  St. 
Petersburg!!,  and  during  the  whole  period 
of  the  Russo-Turkish  war,  when  the  re- 
lations between  England  and  Kussia  were 


strained  to  the  utmost  tension  so  that  mneb 
tact  and  coolness  was  necesaarv,  Lord 
Loftus  represented  England  at  the  Russian 
Court.  Lord  Loftus  having  expressed  a 
wish  to  retire  from  this  position,  in  order 
to  recruit  his  health,  was  immediately 
appointed  Governor  of  New  South  Wales, 
February  7,  1879.  He  married,  in  184o, 
Emma,  daughter  of  Admiral  Henry  Fran- 
cis Greville,  R.N.,  C.B.,  and  has  several 
children.  • 

LONGBOTTOM,  Rev.  William,  first 
Wesleyan  Minister  in  South  Australia, 
bom  at  Bingley,  in  Yorkshire,  December 
10,  1799,  and  educated  at  the  local 
Grammar  School.  He  was  sent  as  a 
Missionary  to  India  in  1827,  and  after 
a  few  years  returned  to  England.  He 
left  England  for  Van  Diemen's  Land 
early  in  1838,  in  the  barque  "Fanny," 
which  was  wrecked  near  the  Murraj 
mouth,  on  the  southern  shore  of  South 
Australia  ;  the  passengers  and  crew  esca|)e(I 
safe  to  land.  The  Wesleyans  in  the 
colony  having  at  this  time  no  minister, 
induced  Mr.  Longl)ottom  to  settle  amongst 
them,  and  with  the  exception  of  about 
four  years  spent  in  Tasmania,  he  remained 
there  until  his  death,  July  30,  1849. 

LORD,  Hon.  George  William, 
M.L.C.,  fifth  son  of  the  late  Simeon 
Lord,  Esq.,  of  Macquarie  Place,  Sydney, 
was  bom  August  5,  1818,  and  educated 
by  Dr.  Halloran  and  Mr.  W.  T.  Cape. 
Entered  into  squatting  pursuits  in  1837, 
in  the  district  of  Wellington,  and  resided 
there  till  1850 ;  elected  to  Parliament  in 
1856 — first  Responsible  Government — for 
the  Bogan,  which  he  continued  to  represent 
until  1877,  a  period  of  twenty-one  years, 
when  he  resigned  and  accepted  a  seat  in  the 
Legislative  Council,  which  he  still  holdii. 
He  was  Treasurer  in  Sir  James  Martin's 
ministry  from  1870  to  1872;  was  a  direc- 
tor of  the  Commercial  Banking  Company 
for  t«n  years  previously,  but  relinquished 
his  seat  on  taking  office  ;  has  since  been  re- 
elected, and  still  continues  to  form  one  of 
the  Board. 

LOWE,  Right  Hon.  Robert,  M.P.,wa» 
bom  in  1811  at  Bingham,  Notts,  where  his 
father,  the  Rev.  Robert  Lowe,  was  Rector; 
was  educated  at  Winchester  Grammar 
School  and  University  College,  Oxfonl  ; 


LOWE— LYSTER 


121 


gradoftted  in  1833,  and  in  1835  was  elected 
Fellow  of  Magdalen  College.  In  1842  was 
<alled  to  the  Bar,  and  shortly  afterwards 
came  out  to  NewSouth  Wales  and  practised 
successfully  at  the  Bar  of  the  colony.  Sir 
tieoi^  Gipps  nominated  him  to  the  Legis- 
iitiTe  Council,  and  he  was  elected  to 
represent  Sydney  in  1850.  He  was  distin- 
gmshed  in  the  Colonial  Legislature  by  his 
advocacy  of  economy  and  representative  in- 
stitutions. In  1851  he  returned  to  England; 
in  1852  was  returned  for  Kidderminster, 
and  in  1855  was  made  Paymaster-General. 
He  retired  with  the  ministry  on  Lord 
Derby's  accession  to  power  in  1858.  In 
1859  he  was  returned  for  Calne,  and  shortly 
afterwards  was  made  Vice-President  of 
tk  Board  of  Education,  but  resigned  in 
1864.  In  the  discussions  on  Bcform  he 
opposed  the  projected  extension  of  the 
suffrage,  and  used  all  his  powers  of  argu- 
ment and  eloquence  against  it.  On  other 
pomts  he  has  always  acted  with  the 
Liberal  party,  and  was  elected  in  1868  to 
represent  the  London  University  and 
b«»me  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer. 
His  budgets  have  been  sharply  criticised. 
In  1873  he  took  the  office  of  Home 
Secretary.  In  1874  he  resigned  with  the 
Gladstone  ministry.  He  was  created 
bonorary  LLD  of  Edinburgh  in  1867,  and 
bonomy  D.C.L.  of  Oxford  in  1870. 

LOWE,  Robert,  of  Mudgee,  New  South 
Wales,  is  known  as  an  enterprising  and  sue- 
<xsshi\  grazier,  and  as  a  Magistrate.  He, 
in  1875,  received  a  gold  medal  which  was 
awarded  him.  by  the  government  of  the 
colony  for  the  courage  he  displayed  in 
shooting  the  bushranger  Heather  in  1863. 

LUCAS,  John,  M.LA.,  bom  at  Kings- 
ton, Sydney,  June  24,  1818  ;  was  educated 
at  Liverpool  In  1859  ho  first  entered 
Parliament  for  Canterbury,  and  in  1863 
vas  elected  for  Hartley.  He  was  Minister 
for  Mines  in  the  Robertson  ministry,  1875- 
n.  He  again  represents  Canterbury  in 
tbe  Legislative  Assembly.  He  is  dis- 
tinguished for  the  attention  he  has  paid  to 
"iland  communication. 

LUKIN,  Gresley,  Iwrn  in  Launces- 
ton,  Tasmania,  November  21,  1840,  re- 
<Mved  his  education  at  the  College  of 
the  Rev.  David  Boyd,  in  the  township  of 
Longford,  about    seventeen    miles   from 


Launceston  ;  studied  engineering  for  two 
years,  but  found  the  profession  distasteful ; 
then  travelled  over  all  the  Australian 
Colonies,  occasionally  devoting  attention  to 
literary  work  ;  in  1866  entered  the  Civil 
Service  of  Queensland,  and  in  1868  was 
promoted  to  the  position  of  Chief  Clerk 
in  the  Crown  Lands  dei)artment.  Mr. 
Lukin  di-afted  for  the  Government  the 
famous  Land  Act  of  that  year.  In  1871, 
he  was  appointed  Chief  Clerk  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Queensland ;  in  1873 
purchased  the  Brisbane  Courier  and  Queens- 
latuler  newspapers,  of  which  he  is  still 
managing  proprietor  and  editor.  In  1878 
Mr.  Lukin  organised  a  flying  expedition 
for  the  purpose  of  planning  out  a  railway 
system  across  the  north-eastern  portion  of 
the  Continent.  In  1879  he  was  appointed 
Executive  Commissioner  for  Queensland 
at  the  Sydney  International  Exhibition 
of  1879. 

LTJTWYCHE,  Mr.  Justice  Alfred 
James  Peter,  was  bom  in  England  in 
1810.  He  was  educated  at  private 
schools,  and  in  1824  at  the  Charterhouse. 
In  1828  he  entered  at  Queen's  College, 
Oxford,  and  in  1832  took  the  degree  of 
B.A.,  and  afterwards  that  of  M.A.  He 
then  studied  for  the  law,  and  was  called  to 
the  Bar  in  1840;  attended  the  Oxford 
Circuit,  but  finding  his  health  failing  he 
emigrated,  and  after  suffering  shipwreck 
arrived  in  New  South  Wales  December  30, 
1853.  In  1855  he  was  appointed  Solici- 
tor-General, and  on  the  resignation  of  the 
Cowper  ministry  proved  himself  a  keen 
critic  of  the  Government  metisures.  In 
1858  he  became  Attorney-General,  and,  on 
October  21,  1859  was  appointed  Judge, 
resident  in  Moreton  Bay  district.  In 
December,  1859,  ho  became  sole  Judge  of 
the  new  Colony  of  Queensland,  and  'so 
continued  until  the  arri^'al  in  February, 
1863,  of  the  Chief  Justice,  Sir  James 
Cockle. 

LYSTER,  William  Saurin,  son  of 
Captain  Charworth  Lyster,  was  bom  in 
Dublin  in  1827.  His  first  appearance  in 
Australia  was  in  1842  ;  but  he  remaine<l 
oidy  a  few  months,  and  returned  to  Eng- 
land. He  next  visited  India  and  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  and  landed  in  America  in 
1849..     He   obtained   an  engagement    in 


122 


MACALISTER-MACARTHXJIU 


Boston,  and  acted  in  the  legitimate  drama 
with  fair  success ;  but  being  more  attached 
to  music,  he  gathered  round  him  an  oper- 
atic company,  and  came  to  the  coloniesy 
where  he  achieved  great  success.  Tliis 
company  having  been  disbanded  in  18G9, 
he  in  1871  opened  the  Princess  Theatre 
with  a  new  company,  and  after  visiting 
Sydney  and  New  Zealand,  returned  to 
Melbourne  in  March,  1873.  In  1874  he 
engaged  Madame  Arabella  Goddard,  who 
was  then  on  a  visit  to  the  colony.  He  does 
not  confine  himself  entirely  to  the  operatic 
stage,  but  has  a  model  farm  at  Fern  Tree 
Gully,  near  Melbourne,  Victoria.  Mr. 
Lyster  visited  Europe  in  1878  in  order  to 
combine  the  pursuit  of  health  with  busi- 
ness purposes,  and  returned  in  March, 
1879,  bringing  with  him  a  new  opera 
company  for  the  amusement  of  Austra- 
lasian colonists. 

M  ACALISTER,  Hon.  Arthur,  C.M.G., 
was  bom  in  Glasgow,  and  educated  for  the 
law.  After  spending  some  yearB  in  New 
South  Wales,  in  1850  he  went  to  Queens- 
land, and  took  a  leading  part  in  advocating 
separation.  He  was  subsequently  returned 
for  Ipswich,  for  which  he  sat  until  Queens- 
land became  a  separate  colony.  He  de- 
clined a  seat  in  the  Council,  and  was 
elected  for  Ipswich  to  the  Queensland 
Assembly.  In  1868  he  was  Chairman  of 
Committees.  Two  years  afterwanls,  he 
took  office  as  Secretary  for  Lands  and 
Works.  In  1 870  lie  was  elected  Speaker ; 
but  in  1871  he  lost  his  seat  in  the  House  ; 
in  1873  was  returned  for  Ipswich,  and 
immediately  aftei'wards  became  Premier ; 
resigned  this  ix)st  and  became  Agent- 
Gteneral  for  Queensland  in  London  in  1876. 

MACANDIIEW,  Hon.  James,  was  in 
business  in  London  up  to  the  year  1850, 
,  when  he  came  out  with  his  family  to 
Otago,  New  Zealand.  He  at  once  took  a 
prominent  position,  and  originated  many 
schemes  of  public  utility.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  every  New  Zealand  Parliament 
since  the  establishment  of  Responsible 
Government,  and  was  four  times  elected 
Superintendent  of  the  Otago  Province. 
He  is  now  Minister  for  Public  Works. 

MAC  ARTHUR,  Lieutenaxt-Gen  kral 
Sir  Edward,  K.C.B.,  bom  at  Bath,  Eng- 
land, in  1789,  and  in  the  following  year 


accompanied  to  New  South  Wales  his 
father,  John  Macarthur,  the  celebrated 
importer  of  the  first  merino  sheep.  Ed- 
ward Macarthur's  early  days  were  spent 
at  Parramatta.  In  1808,  at  the  age 
of  eighteen,  he  entered  the  Army;  in 
1809  he  became  a  lieutenant,  and  served 
with  honour  in  the  Peninsular  War ;  was 
present  at  the  battles  of  Corunna,  Vittoria, 
the  Pyrenees,  Nive,  Nivelle,  Orthes,  and 
Toulouse.  He  received  a  war-medal  and 
seven  clasps  for  these  services ;  was 
with  the  39th  Regiment  in  Sicily, 
Canada,  S])ain,  and  France  ;  in  1829  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain,  and 
in  1826  was  made  Major.  After  his 
return  to  England  he  was  for  several  yeara 
in  charge  of  the  Lord  High  Chamber- 
lain's department  ;  in  1837  wa«  on 
the  Staff  in  Ireland;  in  1841  was  made 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  then  sent  out  to 
this  country  as  Deputy  Adjutant-GrenenU ; 
in  1854  was  made  a  Colonel;  and  in 
1855  he  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the 
Forces  in  Australia.  Upon  the  death  of 
Sir  Cliarles  Hotham,  he  assumed  the  posi- 
tion, in  accordance  with  Imperial  instruc- 
tions, of  Lieutejaant-Govemor  of  Vic- 
toria, and  his  administration  continued 
from  January  1,  1856,  to  December 
31,  1856.  Shortly  afterwards,  he  was 
rewarded  with  the  title  of  C.B.,  and 
in  1862  was  made  a  K.C.B. ;  in  the 
same  year  he  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  the  100th  foot;  and  in  1856  was 
made  lieutenant-General.  He,  in  common 
with  his  father  and  brothers,  always  mani- 
fested great  interest  in  the  advancement 
of  Australia.  He  died  in  London,  Janu- 
ary 4;  1872,  aged  82  years.  He  was 
married  to  Sarah,  third  daughter  of 
lieutenant-Colonel  NeiU,  and*  sister  of 
the  gallant  Brigadier-General  Neill,  who 
fell  at  Lucknow. 

MACARTHUR,  Hannibal  Hawkins^ 
born  January  16,  1788,  at  Plymouth, 
England  :  his  father,  James  Macaithnr, 
was  a  brother  of  John  Macarthur  of  Cam- 
den Park,  with  whom  he  came  to  the 
colony  when  seventeen  years  of  age,  being 
for  some  years  associated  with  him 
in  the  development  of  the  merino  wool 
industry.  In  1808  he  went  to  China 
and  thence  to  England,  returning  to  the 


MACAKTHinU-MACABTHUR. 


12S* 


(xhitj  in  November,  1812,  haying  in  the 
orlj  part  of  that  year,  whilst  in  England, 
nuLiried  Anna  Maria,  the  eldest  daughter  of 
Guremor  King.  For  some  jeara  he  filled 
the  office  of  Police  Magistrate  at  Parra- 
matta,  and  was  one  of  the  first  Members 
ol  the  fint  Legislative  Ck>imGil  appointed 
by  the  Crown.  On  the  elective  element 
being  introdaced  into  the  Parliament,  Mr. 
Macarthur  was  returned  for  Parramatta 
without  opposition.  He  died  in  N(^s:wood, 
Sorrey,  in  1861,  in  the  75th  jear  of  his 
age. 

MACARTHTJR,  Jambs,  third  son  of 
John  Macarthur,  Esq.,  of  Camden,  was 
bom  at  Parramatta  in  1798.  He  was 
educated  by  a  French  refugee  (Hiion 
de  Kerillan)  until  1809,  when  he  and  liis 
Wther  WiUiam  accompanied  their  father 
to  England,  where  the  two  boys  were  placed 
at  school  with  a  Dr.  Lindsay,  at  Grove 
Hall  Academy,  Bow.  In  1815  he,  with 
big  father  and  brother,  travelled  through 
France,  Italy,  and  Switzerland,  acquiring 
information  about  the  cultivation  of  the 
vine,  olive,  and  mulberry,  and  in  1817 
retamed  with  them  in  the  "  Lord  Eldod." 
For  several  years  he  was  engaged  in  assist- 
ii^  his  father  in  managing  the  Camden 
EBtate;  in  1828  he  went  to  England  to 
communicate  with  the  directors  of  the 
Australian  Agricultural  Company,  and 
remained  for  some  years  at  home,  returning 
in  1 830.  Whilst  absent  he  took  occasion  to 
examine  the  wool  establishments  of  €rcr- 
many  and  Saxony.  With  his  brother  and 
Mr.  Harrington,  he  opened  the  first  Court 
of  Petty  Sessions  at  "The  Cowpastures," 
now  Camden.  In  1836  he  again  went  to 
England,  taking  petitions  to  the  King  and 
Parliament  on  transportation,  immigration, 
^  representative  institutions.  He  then 
published  "  New  South  Wales,  its  Present 
State  and  Future  Prospects."  In  1838  he 
nutnied  Emily,  second  daughter  of  Henry 
^ne,  Esq.,  of  Lombard-street,  and  re- 
turned to  Sydney  in  1830,  when  he 
^«came  a  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Comicil.  In  1843  he  was  rejected  by  the 
electors  of  Cumberland.  He  refused  to 
^coept  a  nominee  seat,  which  was  imme* 
<fiately  afterwards  offered  him.  In  1848, 
however,  he  was  elected  for  Camden,  and 
iigain  under  the  new. Constitution,  in  1851, 


continuiBg  to  serve  until  1856  ;  in  1859, 
was  returned  for  West  Camden,  but  in  the 
same  year  he  declined  re-election  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health.  At  this  time  he  was 
offered  knighthood,  as  the  colonist  on 
whom  such  an  honour  could  most  appro- 
priately be  conferred,  but  declined  it.  Sir 
Wm.  Denison  made  the  offer  in  a  highly 
eulogistic  letter.  In  1 860  he  again  left  ioF 
England  with  his  family.  There  he  was  a 
member  of  the  International  Statistical 
Congress,  and  also  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  Exhibition  of  1862.  He 
returned  to  the  colony  in  1864,  and  died 
April  21,  1867,  leaving  a  widow  and  one- 
daughter — the  latter  married  to  Captain 
Onslow,  R.N. 

MACARTHUR,  John,  "  the  Father  of 
the  Colony,"  was  bom  in  Plymouth,  Devon- 
shire, in  1767.  His  father,  a  native  of 
Argyleshire,  had  with  several  brothers 
joined  the  Pretender  in  1 745,  and  was  the- 
only  one  of  them  that  escaped  with  life  from 
the  field  of  Culloden.  Forced  to  quit  Scot- 
land for  the  part  he  had  taken  in  the  cause  of 
the  Stuarts,  he  first  sought  refuge  in  the 
West  Indies,  but  returning  to  England 
settled  in  Plymouth.  After  receiving  the 
education  obtainable  at  a  private  school, 
John  Macarthur  entered  the  army  in  1782. 
A  year  afterwards  being  placed  on  half-pay 
he  went  to  reside  at  a  farmhouse  on  the 
borders  of  Cornwall  and  Devonshire,  where- 
he  assiduously  educated  himself,  and  made- 
himself  practically  acquainted  with  agricul- 
^  ture.  He  accepted  a  commission  in  the* 
102nd  regiment  formed  for  service  in  New 
South  Wales.  Lieutenant  (afterwards 
Captain)  Macarthur  married  the  daughter 
of  a  country  gentleman  named  Veale  m 
1789,  and  arrived  with  his  wife  in  Sydney 
in  June,  1 790.  About  three  years  after- 
wards he  obtained  a  grant  of  200  acres 
near  Parramatta,  which  he  named  Elizabeth 
Farm,  after  his  wife  ;  and  here  he  initiated 
the  cr«wingof  hair-bearing  ewes  with  sheep 
of  English  breed.  His  success  led  him  to 
endeavour  to  obtain  merino  sheep,  in  which 
he  also  succeeded  in  1 797,  by  the  aid  of  Cap- 
tains Waterhouse  and  Kent.  The  history 
of  the  introduction  of  the  merino  wool  int<> 
Australia  and  the  foundation  of  the  Aus^ 
tralian  wool-trade  is  of  so  great  an  impor- 
tance and  is  so  interwoven  with  the  leading- 


1:24 


MACARTHUR 


colonial  historical  event  of  the  period,  that 
a  few  further  details  on  the  subject  cannot 
fail  to  be  of  interest.  Two  ships  were  sent 
from  Sydney  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in 
1796  to  obtain  supplies  for  the  Settlement. 
Macarthur  requested  his  friends,  the  com- 
manders, to  procure  for  him  any  wool- 
bearing  sheep  which  they  could  buy,  to 
enable  him  to  prosecute  his  design,  from 
which  even  at  that  early  date  he  foresaw 
that  England  might  be  made  independent 
of  the  Continent  in  purchasing  line  wooL 
A  singular  coincidence  enabled  Captains 
Waterhouse  and  Kent  to  execute  Mac- 
arthur's  commission  most  happily.  The 
Spanish  king  had  some  time  previously 
presented  to  the  Dutch  Government  some 
pure  merino  sheep  of  the  Escurial  flocks. 
The  sheep  were  sent  to  the  Dutch  Cape 
Colony.  They  were  under  the  care  of  a 
Scotch  gentleman  wlio  lUed.  His  widow 
had  disputes  with  the  Dutch  Government, 
and  the  sheep  were  sold  whilst  Waterhouse 
and  Kent  were  at  Table  Bay.  They  pur- 
chased several,  and  Macarthur  received  his 
share.  Other  jKirsons  obtained  a  few,  but 
they  did  not,  like  Macarthur,  treasure  them 
as  the  apple  of  an  eye.  Early  in  the  nine- 
teenth century  Macarthur  went  to  England, 
and  carried  samples  of  the  wool  in  various 
stages,  pure  and  cross-bred.  In  1803, 
representations  were  made  to  influential 
persons,  and  Macarthur  at  the  instance  of 
the  wool  manufacturei*s  was  examined  be- 
fore a  Committee  of  the  Privy  Council. 
Other  witnesses,  including  the  late  Gover- 
nor Hunter,  also  gave  evidence.  Hunter 
told  tlie  Committee  that  whatever  Macar- 
thur undertook  he  would  carry  out.  Lord 
Camden,  Colonial  Secretary,  entered  into 
into  the  project,  which  was  to  i-ender 
England  independent  of  Sj)ain  and  of 
Bonaparte,  who  had  already  carried  off  to 
Eambouillet  large  numbers  of  the  Escurial 
flocks.  Macarthur  undertook  to  devote 
himself  to  the  experiment.  Lord  Camden 
ordered  tliat  he  sliould  at  once  receive 
»  grant  of  10,000  acres.  Asked  to  select 
them  whilst  in  London,  Macarthur  chose 
the  spot  known  as  "the  Cowpastures," 
because  the  cattle  lost  in  Sydney  in  1 788 
had  strayed  to  sweet  pastures  at  the  Ne- 
pean,  and  remained  on  them.  Macarthur 
called  the  place  Camden,  as  a  recognition 


of  the  Secretary  of  State  who  awarded  the 
grant,  which  was  afterwards  extended.  He 
purchased  a  ship  whch  he  named  the 
"  Argo, "  and  returned  to  Sydney  in  1805^ 
bringing  with  him  two  ewes  and  three  rams 
from  the  merino  flock  of  Greorge  IIL,  with 
many  valuable  fruits  and  other  plant& 
Governor  King  gave  lum  every  assistance, 
but  on  Governor  Bligh  s  arrival  all  interest 
on  the  part  of  the  Government  in  the 
experiment  of  woolrgrowing  came  to  an 
end.  Governor  Bligh  soon  came  into  vio- 
lent contact  with  Macarthur,  for  an  alleged 
breach  of  ix)rt  regulations,  because  a  con- 
cealed prisoner  escaped  in  a  vessel  belong- 
ing to  Macarthur  to  an  island  in  the 
Pacific.  The  forfeiture  of  the  bond,  re- 
quired to  be  given  by  all  vessels  at 
Sydney,  w*as  enforced.  Macarthur  elected 
to  abandon  his  ship.  Bligh  issued  a 
warrant  to  apprehend  him.  Brought 
before  the  highest  Court,  Macarthur 
objected  to  the  Judge  Advocate,  and  the 
oliicers  composing  the  Court  sustained 
the  objection.  Bligh  summoned  the 
ofiicers  before  him,  and  the  military 
combined  with  the  bulk  of  the  civil 
lK)pulatiou  in  releasing  Macarthur  and 
deposing  Bligh-  Colonel  Johnston,  who 
reported  the  event  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  availed  himself  of  Macarthur's 
services  as  Secretaiy  to  the  colony.  When 
Johnston  was  subsequently  trie<i  in  England 
by  a  court-martial  for  his  share  in  the 
deposition  of  Bligh,  Macarthur  deplored 
the  mode  of  defence  adopted,  as  it  did 
not  answer  the  puqK^se  he  expected. 
He  was  not  allowed  to  return  to  the 
colony  for  some  years,  and  he  employed 
part  of  the  time  in  travelling  on  the  Con- 
tinent, with  his  sons  James  and  William, 
studying  the  culture  of  the  vine,  olive, 
and  other  industries.  Resolutely  refusing 
to  confess  having  done  wrong  in  assisting 
to  depose  Bligh,  and  averring  that  it  was 
a  righteous  act  essential  to  the  safety  of 
the  colony,  he  declined  to  purchase  by 
submission  the  power  to  return  to  his 
family  and  his  possessions.  Eventually 
the  Secretary  of  State  withdrew  hi 
objections,  and  placed  at  Macarthur's 
disposal,  free  of  cost,  considerable  space  in 
a  vessel,  which  carried  the  exile  home  in 
1817  with  stores  of  plants  of  various  kinda 


MACARTHUR— MACARTNEY. 


12& 


In  1825  he  was  appointed  Member  of  the 
LegislatiTe  Council,  but  after  the  death  of 
his  second  son  John,  a  rising  equity 
barrister  in  London,  in  1831,  he  passed  hLs 
time  chiefly  in  retirement  on  his  Camden 
estate,  where  he  died,  April  10,  1834. 
But  before  his  death  the  expectations  that 
he  had  formed  of  the  wool-trade  of  the 
colony  had  been  crowned  with  complete 
SDOcess,  and  the  wines  from  the  vineyard 
▼hich  he  formed  at  Camden  have  since 
then  taken  the  first  rank  at  International 
Exhibitions.  Memorial  windows  in  honour 
of  his  parents,  John  Macarthur  and  Mrs. 
Macarthur,  have  been  placed  in  St. 
Andrew's  Cathedral,  Sydney,  by  their  son 
General  Sir  Edward  Macarthur. 

MACARTHUR,  Hon.  Sib  William, 
K5T.,  M.L.C.,  was  bom  at  Parramatta,  in 
December,  1800.  In  1809  he  and  his 
brother  James  were  taken  by  their  father 
to  England  for  their  education.  They 
returned  in  1817.  Mr.  Macarthur  was 
elected  to  the  Legislative  Council  from 
1849  to  1865,  but  has  principally  devoted 
himself  to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  has 
taken  little  part  in  politics.  In  1854  he 
WB8  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  represent 
the  colony  at  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  the 
following  year.  At  the  close  of  the  Exhibi- 
tbn  he  received  the  honour  of  knighthood 
and  the  decoration  of  the  Legion  of  Honour. 
Sir  William  returned  to  the  colony  in 
November,  1857:  In  1861  he  exerted 
himself  in  collecting  for  the  London  Exhi- 
bition of  1862,  and  proceeded  to  England, 
but  declined  the  appointment  of  Assistant 
Commissioner.  He  returned  to  the  colony 
in  March,  1864,  and  was  appointed  to  a 
aeat  in  the  Legislative  Council. 

MACARTNEY,  Very  Rev.  Hussey 
BcucH,  D.D.,  son  of  Sir  John  Macartney, 
Bart,  MuP.  in  the  old  Irish  House  of 
OoauDons,  was  bom  in  Dublin,  April  10, 
1799,  and  landed  with  his  wife  and  family 
in  Melbourne,  January  25,  1848,  having 
accompanied  the  first  Bishop  of  Mel- 
hoarne  to  the  colony.  After  a  short  time 
he  proceeded  to  Heidelberg,  where  he  held 
Divine  Service  in  the  Scotch  church  on 
alteraate  Sundays,  when  the  Presbyterian 
minister  was  absent  attending  another 
core.  On  the  other  Sundays  he  opened 
services,  under  great  difficulties,  at  Brood- 


meadows,  at  Whittlesea,  and  the  Lower 
Plenty.  In  November  of  the  same  year 
he  was  appointed  by  the  Bishop,  Arch- 
deacon of  Geelong ;  there  he  remained  till 
the  end  of  1851.  During  this  time  schools 
were  opened  and  services  begun  at  many 
of  the  surrounding  localities.  St  Paul's 
parsonage  was  built,  and  St.  Paul's 
church  and  the  enlargement  of  Christ 
church  were  begun,  but  these  last  were 
stopped  for  tlie  time  by  the  scarcity  of 
labour,  and  the  sudden  rise  in  the  price 
of  building  materials  consequent  on  the 
discovery  of  gold  in  the  colony.  In  1852 
Dr.  Macartney  was  appointed  Dean  of 
Melbourne,  by  Bishop  Perry,  and  incum- 
bent of  St.  James's  Cathedral  church. 
The  parish  of  St.  James  was  at  that  time 
bounded  by  Elizabeth-street  on  the  east ; 
but  there  was  no  church  or  minister 
between  it  and  Kyneton  in  one  direction, 
Geelong  in  another,  and  the  ocean  in 
a  third.  Many  congregations  were,  how- 
ever,  formed  and  school-houses  built  under 
his  active  supervision.  St.  John's  church 
and  St.  James's  parsonage  were  also 
built,  and  St.  James's  schools  greatly 
enlarged.  During  the  absence  of  the 
Bishop  from  January  9,  1855,  till  his^ 
return  in  April  the  following  year,  the- 
Dean  administered  the  affairs  of  the 
diocese.  He  was  in  1857  appointed  to 
the  Archdiacouate  of  Melbourne,  which 
involved  the  oversight  of  all  the  deacons 
and  readers  who  were  not  imder  a  clergy- 
man in  full  orders,  and  the  care,  as  far  as 
possible,  of  all  parts  of  the  diocese  that 
had  no  other  minister.  In  1860,  finding 
all  those  ofiices  more  than  he  could 
properly  fill,  he  resigned  St.  James's,  and 
gave  himself  exclusively  to  the  work  of 
his  Archdeaconry,  and  since  that  time 
readers  have  been  appointed  and  service* 
begun  in  between  thirty  and  forty  places- 
in  and  around  Melbourne,  in  twenty-five 
of  which  churches  have  been  built,  and  in 
all  of  which  congregations  continue  to 
assemble.  On  the  Bishop's  second  visit 
to  England,  he  was  again  placed  in  charge 
of  the  diocese,  from  January  25,  1863, 
to  September  30th  in  the  following  year, 
and  in  November  he  sailed  with  his  family 
for  a  visit  to  Europe.  On  going  away 
he  was  presented  with   a  purse  of  300 


126 


MACKAY— MACJLEA.Y. 


sovereigns,  with  some  valuable  preseatBy 
together  with  an  address  from  the  ekrgy 
<if  the  diocese.  Mo9t  of  the  time  in  hsa 
native  country  was  spent  amongst  the 
friends,  or  the  children  of  friends,  of  his 
^«ar]ier  dajs ;  and  in  August,  1866,  he 
returned  to  Melbourne  and  to  his  usual 
duties.  In  February,  1874,  Bishop  Perry 
left  Australia,  and  the  Dean  was  again  left 
in  charge  of  the  diocese.  Subsequently, 
A  heavy  domestic  affliction  fell  upon  him, 
and  when  the  exertion  was  over  he  sank 
into  a  yery  serious  illness  and  has  nev^r 
since  been  equal  to  the  performance,  as 
hitherto,  of  the  active  duties  of  his  office ; 
but  asaistanoe  has  been  given  him  by  the 
Bishop  so  as  to  enable  him  to  retain  his 
position.  The  Dean  has  had  &ve  dau^- 
ters,  of  whom  three  survive,  and  tkree 
sons,  who  are  all  settled  in  AusteaUa^ — 
the  two  elder  as  squatters  in  Queensland 
and  New  South  Wales,  the  youngest  as 
a  much-loved  and  valued  clergyman  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Melbourne.  The  Dean 
was  chosen  as  one  of  the  r^resentative 
dergymen  for  his  diocese  in  both  the  Gene- 
ral Synods  that  have  been  held  in  Sydney. 
When  the  Melbourne  Bishopric  was  vacant 
he  was  very  much  pressed  by  some  leading 
members  of  the  Church  to  allow  himself 
to  be  named  for  the  office,  but,  being  then 
npwards  of  seventy  years  of  age,  he  felt  he 
was  too  old,  to  undertake  such  a  responsi- 
bility, unless  he  had  been  called  to  it  by  the 
unanimous  voice  of  the  Church,  and  con- 
sequently refused  to  allow  his  name  to  be 
mentioned. 

MACKAY,  Hon  Angus,  M.L. A,  bom 
in  Aberdeen  in  1825,  and  emigrated  to 
Australia  when  quite  young,  his  father 
being  an  early  settler  in  Sydney;  was 
educated  at  the  Australian  College,  and 
intended  for  the  Church;  but  his  pro- 
clivities were  of  a  literary  character,  and 
in  1847  he  became  editor  of  a  newspaper 
called  the  Atlas;  held  that  position  during 
two  or  thi'ee  years,  until  the  discovery 
of  gold,  whereupon  he  went  to  the  Ophir 
andTuron  rush  as  special  correspondent 
for  the  Sydney  Umpire.  Early  in  1853 
he  arrived  in  Victona,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  endeavour  to  procure  the 
abolition  of  the  license  fees.  From  his 
experience  on  gold-fields,  he  was  invited 


to  give  evidenoe  before  the  Sdect  Com- 
mittee appointed  to  inquire  into  the 
grievaaoe*  of  the  diggera  Heaextwent 
to  Sandhurst  as  special  ocNrrespondent  for 
the  Arfftu,  and  assisted  the  pec^le  in 
getting  a  voice  in  the  government  of  the 
country.  Shortly  afterwards  he,  in  con- 
junction with  Mr.  J.  J.  Casey  and  the  late 
Mr.  James  Henderson,  purchased  the 
Bendigo  Advertiser,  of  which  he  is  now  adt 
paropiietor.  A  little  later,  with  Mr. 
Casey  and  Mr.  £..  R.  Haverfield,  he 
founded  the  Biwrina  Herald  in  Ediuoa, 
and  still  retaLns  an  int«:«st  in  that  jouroaL 
His  friends  frequently  invited  him  to 
contest  one  <^  the  seats  for  the  Sandhurst 
Boroughs,  but  he  always  refused  until 
1868,  when  he  defeated  Mr.  Half^  by  a 
large  majority.  On  April  9,  1870, 'he 
aeoepted  office  as  Minister  for  Mines  under 
Sir  James  M^Culloch,  and  subsequently 
acted  as  Minister  for  Educaticm.  He  hdd 
kis  seat  for  Sandhurst  until  May,  1877, 
when  he  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Blackham ; 
but  the  election  was  upset  on  petition. 
Another  contest  took  place,  and  Mr. 
Mackay  gained  the  seat. 

MACLEAY, Hon.  Alexander,  ML.C.; 
F.RS.,F.L.S.,&c.,<kc.,  bom  June  24, 1767, 
was  the  eldest  son  of  William  Madeay, 
Esq.,  of  Caithness,  Scotland.  He  was 
aecretaxy  to  the  Transport  Boajxl  during 
the  war  with  France,  under  the  first 
Napoleon  ;  was  also  well  known  and  appre- 
ciated by  the  scientific  world,  as  honorarr 
.ecret^totheLinneaaSocSty.  He  ^ 
one  of  the  six  g^itlemen  to  whom  Ceorge 
IV.  granted  a  charter  for  the  purpose  of 
founding  this  important  society.  In  1825 
he  was  selected  by  the  Earl  of  Bathurst  to 
proceed  to  New  South  Wales  as  Colonial 
Secretary,  an  appointment  which  he  ably 
filled  up  ix)  the  date  of  his  resignation  in 
1837.  When  in  his  77th  year,  he  was 
elected  Speaker  of  the  first  representative 
Legislative  Council  in  this  colony,  August 
1843 ;  and  of  this  appointment  he 
fulfilled  the  duties  until  May,  1846,  when 
he  resigned.  He  was  devotedly  attached 
to  the  pursuit  of  science,  and  used  every 
exertion  to  encourage  it  in  the  colonies. 
He  laid  the  foundation  stone  of  the  first 
Free  Library  in  New  South  Wales,  Feb- 
ruary 14, 1843.   In  this  year  Moreton  Bay 


MACLEAY— MACLEAY 


137 


was  formed  into  im  electorate  and  Mr. 
Macleaj  was  made  its  first  representative 
in  the  Sydney  Legislature.  He  married, 
in  London,  Eliza,  the  daughter  of  James 
Barclay,  Esq.,  of  that  city,  and  had  seven- 
teen children.  Mr.  Macleay  died  June  19, 
1848. 

MACLEAY,  Sib  GEoaoK,  K.C.M.G., 
eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late  Alexander 
Madeay,  was  educated  at  Westminster; 
vent  out  in  1830  to  New  South  Wales, 
and  aoQompanied  Captain  Sturt  on  his  ex- 
pedition down  the  Murrumbidgee  and 
Mnnuy ;  was  for  several  years  a  Member 
cf  the  Legislature  of  New  South  Wales. 

MACLEAY,  HoK.  William,  M.L.C., 
bom  in  Caithness,  Scotland,  June  13, 
1820 ;  educated  at  the  New  Acadamy,  and 
afterwards  at  the  University  at  Edin- 
horgL  Li  1839  he  came  to  Sydney,  to 
his  nnde  Alexander  Macleay,  Esq.,  then 
Colonial  Secretary ;  passed  the  first  fifteen 
jears  in  squatting  pursuits  on  the  Murrum- 
hidgee ;  was  elected  a  Member  of  the 
L^ifilative  Council  for  the  Lachlan  and 
L>wer  Darling  in  1854,  and  then  for  the 
Ksirumbidgee,  and  was  for  twenty  years 
in  flicoession  a  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Aasembly,  until  he  resigned  his  seat. 
Bttiiag  his  career  in  the  House  of  As- 
sembly, his  exertions  were  unwearied  to 
in^xrove  inland  communication  and  the 
constraction  oi  railways,  particularly  the 
Great  Southern  trunk  line.  In  1874  he 
£tted  out  at  his  own  expense  a  barque,  the 
"Chevert,''  and  accompanied  by  Captain 
Onslow  conducted  an  expedition  to  New 
Guinea,  bringing  back  much  valuable  in- 
^oamation  and  many  new  specimens.  Mr. 
Hacleay  on  his  return  accepted  a  seat  in 
the  Legislative  Council.  He  was  the  first 
President  of  the  Austaralian  Linnean 
Society,  and  formerly  of  the  Entomological 
Society;  and  in  previous  years  he  did  good 
Krvice  when  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
Aostialian  Moseuin.  Mr.  Macleay  has 
devoted  considerable  attention  to  the  pur- 
suit of  science,  especially  to  the  subject  of 
^d<omol(^,  in  which  branch  he  has  formed 
collections  perhaps  unrivalled  in  Australia. 
He  pQBBesaes  a  fine  private  museum  of 
Qoects,  which  he  has  declared  his  in- 
^s^HoD.  of  bequeathing  to  the  University. 
Hi;  Hacleay  was  married  in  June,  1857, 


to  Susan  Emmeline,  the  second  daughter 
of  Mr.  (afterwards  Sii*)  Edward  Deas 
Thomson. 

MACLEAY,  WiLLLui  Sharp,  F.L.&, 
M.A,  F.RS.,  tS^a,  bom  in  London,  July 
21,  1792,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Alexander 
Macleay,   Esq.,   F.RS.,   r.L.S.,  Colonial 
Secretary    of   New   South    Wales;    was 
educated  at  Westminster,  and  passed  with 
credit  through  the  f  uU  course  of  study  in 
that  school;    subsequently  graduated  in 
honours  at  Trinity   College,  Cambridge ; 
shortly  afterwards  received  the  appoint- 
ment  of  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Bri- 
tish   Claims,    on    the   restoration  of  the 
French  Grovemment  at  the  Peace  of  1815. 
In  the  performance  of  this  duty  he  passed 
several  years  in  Paris,  during  which  period 
he  became  the  friend  of  Cuvier  and  other 
celebrated  men  of  science.     Having  suc- 
cessfully performed  the  duties  intrusted  to 
him,  he  was,  on  his  return  to  England  in 
1825  promoted  to  the  higher  and  more  re- 
spons&le  office  of  H.  B.  M.  Commissioner 
and  Judge  in  the  mixed  tribunal  of  Justice 
at  the  Havannali.     He  remained  there  for 
ten  years ;  on  relinquishing  the  office  of 
Commissioner  and  Judge  he  retired  from 
the  Public  Service  on  a  pension  of  ^900  a 
year.     In  1839  he  arrived  in  New  South 
Wales,  where  he  resided  until  his  deatili. 
After  his  arrival  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Australian  Museum ; 
and  until  the  state  of  his  health  compelled 
him  reluctantly  to  retire  he  was  the  life 
and  soul  of  that  Institution.  It  was  under 
his  advice  and  with  his  able  co-operation 
that  the  Act  for  establishing  and  endowing 
the  Australian  Museum  was  introduced, 
and  subsequently  passed  into  law.     Mr. 
Macleay  also  acted  for  several  years  as  a 
member  of  the  National  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, and  for  a  short  time  as  Member  of  the 
Executive  Council    during   Sir    William 
Denison's  administration,  and  before  the 
inauguration  of  Responsible  Grovemment. 
He  died  January  26,  1865.      His  funeral 
was,  according  to  his  directions,  of  an  un- 
ostentatious character.    He  possessed  great 
ability  and  a  highly  cultivated  mind,  to 
which  he  continued  to  the  very  last  to  add 
fresh   stores,  as  well  from  the   recorded 
labours  of  others  as  from  his  own  keen 
observance  of  Nature  in  all  her  various 


128 


MACMAHON— MACQUARIR 


aspects.  He  ranked  deservedly  high  as  a 
naturalist,  and  his  collection  of  insects, 
especially  those  belonging  t3  Australia,  and 
the  other  portions  of  the  Southern 
Hemifiphere,  is  the  finest,  the  most  exten- 
ftive,  and  the  most  valuable  now  extant. 
To  him  we  are  indebted  for  numerous 
additions  to  the  large  catalogue  of  insects 
previously  known,  and  for  clearing  up  many 
doubts  and  difficulties  respecting  them, 
which  had  baffled  the  penetration  of  other 
observers.  Yet  it  was  by  no  means  in 
Entomology  alone  that  he  delighted  :  his 
knowledge  and  acquirements  in  almost 
every  branch  of  zoology  and  geology  and 
especially  of  botany  were  very  considerable, 
a  proof  of  which  exists  in  the  number  of 
works  written  by  him  on  these  branches  of 
science. 

MACMAHON,  Sib  Charles,  Knt.- 
BACH£L0R,bom  July  10,  1824,  is  the  son 
of  the  late  Right  Hon.  Sir  William 
Macmahon  (at  one  time  Master  of  the  Rolls 
in  Ireland),  by  his  second  wife,  Charlotte, 
sister  of  Sir  Robert  Shaw,  Bart  His  grand- 
father, on  the  paternal  side,  was  John 
Macmahon,  Esq.,  Patentee  Comptroller  of 
the  port  of  Limerick  ;  &nd  the  seat  of  the 
family  is  Facarry  House,  county  Tjrone, 
Ireland.  Charles  Macmahon  commenced 
life  as  an  Ensign  in  the  Tlst  Highland 
Light  Infantry,  from  which  he  ex- 
changed into  the  10th  Hussars.  Shortly 
after  retiring  from  the  Army,  with  the 
rank  of  captain,  he  emigrated  to  Aus- 
tralia, and  landed  in  Melbourne  in  1859. 
Was  soon  afterwards  appointed  Assistant 
Commissioner  of  Police,  under  Sir  W.  H. 
F.  Mitchell,  and  succeeded  that  officer  as 
Chief  Commissioner.  Captain  Macmahon 
was  elected  M.P.  for  West  Bourke, 
August  12,  1861,  and  represented  that  dis- 
trict during  the  session  of  the  third  Par- 
liament of  Victoria,  and  held  office  with- 
out a  portfolio  in  the  third  O'Shanassy 
ministry.  In  the  fourth  Parliament  Cap- 
tain Macmalion  did  not  hold  a  seat,  being 
beaten  by  Mr.  M.  L.  King,  in  the  contest 
for  his  first  constituency ;  but  on  January 
29,  1866,  he  was  more  fortunate,  and 
was  returned  to  the  House  as  Member 
for  West  Melbourne,  which  electorate  he 
represented  for  twelve  yeara  He  was 
elected   by   the    Assembly   as    Speaker, 


April  25,  1871  ;  re-elected  May  9,  1874, 
and  vacated  the  Chair  in  May,  1877,  being 
superseded  by  the  present  Speaker, 
Sir  Charles  Gavan  Dufiy,  who  contested 
the  seat  Sir  Charles  Macmahon  was 
created  Knight-Bachelor  in  1875. 

MACPHERSON,  Hon.  John  Alex- 
ANDER,  M.P.,  barrister-at-law,  Melbourne, 
was  bom  in  Victoria,  and  was  engaged  for 
some  time  in  squatting  pursuits ;  he  was 
subsequently  admitted  to  his  profession, 
but  never  practised  it,  being  a  large  land- 
owner, and  having  interests  in  pastoral 
pursuits.  He  was  returned  to  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  for  Portland,  November 
3,  1854,  in  the  fourth  Parliament  of  Vic- 
toria under  the  new  Constitution,  after 
having  been  defeated  at  the  same  election 
for  Dundas  by  Mr.  Fairbum.  Li  1865  he 
was  returned  for  Dundas,  and  again  for 
the  same  constituency  in  1868.  Accepted 
office  as  Chief  Secretary,  and  was  reelected 
October  3,  1869,  and  on  the  defeat  of  his 
ministry  and  the  formation  of  an  admin- 
istration under  Sir  James  MK!!Hilloch,  in 
1870,  Mr.  Macpherson  became  Commis- 
sioner for  Crown  Lands — a  proceeding 
that  was  much  commented  on  at  the  time, 
though  ho  was  re-elected  by  the  same  con- 
stituency. He  was  returned  for  Dimdas 
in  1871,  at  the  general  election,  and 
afterwards  in  1874.  In  October,  1875, 
he  accepted  office  as  Chief  Secretary  with 
Sir  James  M'CuUoch  as  Treasurer  and 
leader  of  the  House,  and  was  again  returned 
by  the  same  constituency,  holding  office 
until  the  general  election  of  May,  1877, 
when  he  was  re-elected  for  the  same 
constituency,  and  retired  with  his  chief 
from  office  on  the  return  of  an  over- 
whelming majority  in  favour  of  their  oppo- 
nents during  the  last  session  of  Parlia- 
ment. 

MACQUARIE,  Lachlan,  Governor  of 
New  South  Wales,  bom  in  Scotland,  about 
the  year  1768 ;  entered  the  Army  at  the 
age  of  eighteen ;  was  ultimately  appointed 
Colonel  of  the  73rd  Regiment ;  was  selected 
as  Governor  of  New  South  Wales  at  a 
critical  period  by  Lord  Castlereagh,  at 
that  time  Secretary  for  the  Colonies ;  ar- 
rived with  a  detachment  of  his  r^ment 
in  the  "  Hindostan "  a  50-gun  frigate 
December,     1809.    Governor    Macquarie 


MACROSSAN— MANN. 


129 


administered  the  afiairs  of  the  colony 
from  Januaiy,  1810,  to  December,  1 82 1. 
Tbud  c<doiiy  greatly  improved  during  his 
administration.  When  he  first  took  the 
reins  of  Government  the  state  of  the 
cotintiy  was  very  much  on  the  decline,  a 
&mine  impending,  discord  and  strong 
party  feeling  prevalent,  and  the  inhabi- 
tantsgenerally  were  very  poor.  There  were 
Tery  few  roads  and  bridges  as  means  of 
communication,  and  these  in  bad  con- 
dition j  conomerce  and  credit  were  at  a 
rery  low  ebb.  When  he  left  the  country, 
trade  and  oonmierce  had  revived  and 
credit  had  been  restored,  a  great  number 
of  useful  and  substantial  buildings  had 
been  erected,  and  good  roads  and  bridges 
oonstracted,  and  the  people  were  com- 
paratively opulent  and  happy.  The 
discovery  of  a  passage  over  ^e  Blue 
Mountains,  and  the  subsequent  road  to 
Bathurst  Plains,  will  always  remain 
amongst  the  chief  honours  due  to  him  in 
bis  adminijstration.  He  paid  two  visits  to 
Tasmania,  one  in  1810,  and  the  second  in 
1821.  On  Governor  Macquarie's  retirement 
from  office,  a  gold  cup  valued  at  150  guineas 
was  presented  to  him  by  the  colonists,  and 
that  the  present  might  be  esteemed  the 
more  honourable,  each  person's  subscrip- 
tion was  limited  to  a  small  amount.  Messrs. 
lyArcyWentworth  and  John  Piperwerethe 
originators  of  the  proposal  to  make  the 
present  Grovemor  Macquarie  left  the 
colony  with  his  family  for  England  in  the 
•Sonrey,'  February  15,  1822.  He  died  in 
London,  July  1,  1824. 

ilACROSSAN,  Hon.  John  Murtaoh, 
M.L  A.,Secretary  for  Public  Works,  Queens- 
land, waa  bom  in  county  Donegal,  Ireland, 
about  the  year  1 832.  The  son  of  a  farmer, 
^  received  a  fair  education  in  the  private 
schools  of  his  native  county.  At  the  age 
of  sucteen  he  went  to  Scotland,  and  re- 
inained  therefor  two  or  threeyears.  In  1853 
be  landed  at  Melbourne,  and  the  twenty 
sQooeedingyeai:8  he  spent  on  the  gold-fields 
of  Victoria,  New  Zealand,  New  South 
Wales,  and  Queensland.  He  was  attracted 
to  the  last-named  colony  in  1 865  by  reports 
of  the  gold  discoveries  on  the  Peak  Downs, 
^d  ultimately  acquired  great  popularity 
amongst  the  northern  miners,  being  always 
1^7  to  def^id   the  weak    against  the 


strong,  having  an  inveterate  dislike  to 
oppression  of  every  kind,  and  possessing 
considerable  natural  gifts.  In  1873  he  was 
chosen  Member  for  the  Kennedy  electorate 
by  the  miners  of  Charters  Towers,  and 
joined  the  so-called  "liberal"  party  in  the 
Assembly.  But  after  two  years'  Parlia- 
mentary experience,  he  wearied  of  "liberal" 
professions,  and  about  three  years  ago 
removed  to  the  Conservative  cross-benches, 
co-operating  heartily  with  Mr.  M'Bwraith. 
In  January  1879,  he  accepted  office  aa 
Secretary  for  Public  Works  on  the  forma- 
tion of  the  M'llwraith  ministry.  He  now 
represents  Townsville  in  the  L^islativo;- 
Assembly.  ^ 

MAIS,  Henrt  C,  was  educated  at  the  7^ 
Bishop's  College,  Bristol,  and  in  1841  waa  A 
articled  to  a  civil  engineer,  in  whose  office 
he  obtained  a  thorough  knowledge  of  rail- 
way construction.  In  1844  he  went  to 
Birmingham,  and  in  1850  brought  out 
machinery  to  Sydney  with  the  intention 
of  erecting  and  working  it.  But  this 
design  and  the  machinery  were  abandoned, 
and  Mr.  Mais  accepted  an  appointment  aa 
acting  engineer  of  the  Sydney  Railway 
Company,  which  he  held  for  eighteen 
months.  He  was  then  employed  by  the 
City  Commissioners,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained until  1856.  In  1858  he  removed 
to  Melbourne,  when  he  was  employed  by 
the  contractors  of  the  Melbourne  and  Sand- 
hurst Railway  till  1862.  Afterwards  until 
1866  he  was  employed  as  Manager  of  the 
Melbourne  and  Suburban  Railway  Com- 
pany. In  1867  he  went  to  Adelaide  as 
Engineer  -  in  -  Chief  of  South  Australia, 
having  charge  of  all  pubHc  works  (except 
buildings),  including  light-houses,  jetties, 
harbours,  waterworks,  bridges,  and  rail- 
ways, until  1876,  when  an  Emrineer  of 
Hi^boun.  and  an  Engineer  of  Waterworks 
were  appointed.  He  retains  the  post  of  En- 
gineer-in-Chief  and  Manager  of  Rallwaya 

MANN,  Charles,  was  bom  in  die 
year  1800.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
office  of  Advocate-General  at  Adelaide,  in 
1836,  before  any  vessel  had  left  for  that 
colony,  and  landed  there  in  January,  1837. 
He  resigned  his  appointment  in  December 
of  the  same  year,  in  consequence  of  dif- 
ferences with  Grovemor  Hindmarsh.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Master  of 


ISO 


MANNING— MANNING. 


the  Supreme  Court  in  April,  1844,  and 
was  made  Acting  Judge  of  the  same  in 
February,  1849.     Was  appointed  Crown 
Solicitor  in  January,  1850,  Police  Magis-  i 
trate  and  Supreme  Court  Insolvency  Com'-   I 
missioner  in  April,   1856,    and  Commis-   ! 
aioner  of  the   Court  of   Insolvency   and 
Stipendiary  Magistrate  in  August,  1858. 
In   the   early  dayis   of   South  Australia, 
Mr.  Mann  employed  his  pen  as  a  writer  ' 
for  the  local  Press,  and  on  many  subse-  I 
quent    occasions    evinced    a  most  lively 
interest  in  the  various  questions  agitating  I 
his  adopted  country.     He  died  May  24,   [ 
1860.      He  was  the  father  of  the  Hon.   j 
Charles  Mann,  late  Attorney-General  and 
now  Treasurer  of  the  South  Australian 
Government. 

MANNING,   Dr.  Frederic  Norton,   i 
bom  at  Rothersthorj>e,  Northamptonshire,  *| 
England,  in  1839  ;    was  educated  at  St. 
George^s  Hospital,  London,  and  became  a 
Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,   ! 
England,  at  the  early  age  of  21  years ;  in 
1862  became  a  Doctor  of  Medicine  of  St. 
Andrew's    University.       He   arrived    in   , 
Australia  in  1864,  and  served  for  a  period   ' 
of   nearly  four  years  as  surgeon  in   the  , 
Royal  Navy.      In  that  capacity  he  saw 
considerable  service  with  the  Naval  Bri- 
gade, during  the  New  Zealand  war.      He  ' 
received  a  commission  from  the  Govern- 
ment of  New  South  Wales  to  visit  and 
report  on  the  Asylums   of  Europe   and 
America  .in  1868  ;  returned  the  same  year, 
and  on  October  15  th  was  gazetted  Medical 
Superintendent  of   the   Gladesville   Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane.   On  January  1,  1876, 
he  was  enrolled  as  Inspector  of  Insane  in 
New  South  Wales.      It  was  at  Dr.  Man- 
ning's advice  that  the  Government  estab- 
lished an  Asylum  for  Idiots — the  first  in 
Australia — ^at  Newcastle,  and  the  institu- 
tion was  organized  under  his  directions. 
In  1868  he  made  a  full  report   on   the 
asylums  of   Europe  and   America.      His 
annual  repoi^ts  on  the   asylums  of  New 
South  Wales  contain  much  valuable  in- 
formation. 

MANNING,  James  Alexander  Louis, 
was  bom  in  Exeter  April  9,  1814.  He 
was  educated  partly  in  France  and  partly 
at  the  College  School,  Mount  Radford, 
Exeter.     In  1830  he  went  to  Germany, 


to  study  at  the  College  of  Hohenheim  for 
three  years,  and  during  this  period  he  tra- 
velled on  foot  over  the  whole  of  Gennany 
and  Switzerland,  and  visited  the  illustrious 
Goethe  in  July,  1831,  just  nine  months 
before  the  death  of  that  great  poet  and 
philosopher.  '  He  arrived  in  Sydney  in 
1834,  and  followed  agricultural  and  pas- 
toral pursuits.  In  1836  he  was  made  a 
Magistrate.  In  1838  he  resided  on  his 
station  near  Binalong,  and  in  1840  and 
1841  took  three  large  drafts  of  cattle  to 
Port  Phillip.  He  married,  in  1845,  the 
eldest  daughter  of  Major  Firebrace.  In 
1848  his  sheep  were  attacked  by  catarrh  for 
five  succeasive  years,  which  half  ruined  his 
property.  In  1853,  he,  with  others,  pur- 
chased the  Twofold  Bay  pastoral  property, 
and  resided  at  Kamaruka  for  eight  years 
as  managing  partner,  when  the  company 
was  dissolved  and  the  property  dividetl 
Ho  retained  half  the  cattle,  but  his  stock 
was  attacked  by  pi  euro-pneumonia,  by 
which  he  lost  7,000  head.  In  1861  free 
selection  became  law,  and  in  a  few  years 
his  property  was  almost  all  taken  up,  the 
country  in  that  neighbourhood  being  par- 
ticularly well  suited  for  small  farms. 
Since  1869  he  has  resided  in  Sydney.  He 
has  spent  upwards  of  £3,000  in  experi- 
ments in  meat-preserving. 

MANNING,  Sir  William  Montagu, 
Knt.,  was  bom  at  Alphington,  near  Fxeter, 
in  June,  1811  ;  was  educated  at  University 
College,  London.  In  1832  he  was  called 
to  the  Bar,  and  was  for  some  time  on  the 
Western  Circuit;  in  1837  he  came  out 
to  Sydney,  and  was  soon  afterwards  made 
Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions.  In  1844 
he  was  appointed  Solicitor-General.  In 
1848  he  was  api)ointed  Acting  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  in  the  absence  of  Mr. 
Justice  Therry,  and  then  in  1849  resumed 
his  duties  as  Solicitor-General.  In  1851 
he  was  appointed  a  nominee  Member  of 
the  Legislative  Council ;  in  1856  was 
elected  for  South  Cumberland  to  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  and  became  At- 
torney-General ;  but  in  May,  18.57,  ill 
health,  from  over- work,  comj>elled  his  re- 
tirement. He  received  at  this  time  for 
his  services  a  portniit  by  Sir  Watson 
Gordon,  R,A.,  a  piece  of  plate,  and  a 
purse  of  £  1 ,000.   He  then  %'isited  England, 


MANSFIELD— MARSDEN. 


181 


and  in  March,  1858,  was  knighted.  He 
returned    to    the    colony    in    1859;    in 

1860  was  made  Attorney-General,  and  in 

1861  a  Member  of  the  L^slative  Council. 
In  1876  he  was  elevated  to  a  Judgeship 
in  the  Supreme  Court  In  1877  he  was 
chosen  Chancellor  of  the  University.  He 
married,  first,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Edward 
Wiae,  Esq.,  of  Hill  Grove,  Isle  of  Wight, 
10(1,  second,  the  daug^vter  of  Dean  Sowerby, 
of  Goulbum. 

MANSFIELD,  Rbv.  Ralph,  was  bom 
at  Toxteth  Park,  Liverpool,  March  12, 
1799,  and  was  educated  in  Liverpool ; 
was  ordained  a  minister  of  the  Wesleyan 
Church  in  1820,  and  arrived  in  Sydney  in 
October  of  that  year;  was  stationed  in 
Sydney  till  1822,  then  at  Windsor  and 
Fanumatta  till  1823,  afterwards  in  Hobart 
Town  tiU  1825,.  and  again  in  Sydney  till 
1828.  From  1829  to  1832  was  editor  and 
co-proprietor  of  the  Sxfdme}^  Gazette^  the  first 
newspaper  published  in  the  colony  ;  from 
1831  to  1839,  in  the  absence  of  Dr.  Lang, 
wrote  leading  articles  for  the  Cohnist^ 
and  since  1841  has  written  for  the  Sf/dney 
Morning  Uerald,  In  1 836  he  presided  at  a 
puUic  meeting  to  originate  measures  for 
lighting  Sydney  with  gas.  An  address 
was  presented  to  the  Governor,  and  the 
Act  was  passed  September  7,  1837.  He 
was  chosen  Secretary  June  29,  1836,  and 
bas  ever  since  held  the  office. 

MARSDEN,  Rev.  Samuel,  formerly 
Senior  Chaplain  of  New  South  Wales, 
was  b(»-n  at  the  village  of  Horsforth,  near 
Leeds,  in  1764.  His  parents,  though 
persons  of  humble  origin,  were  remarkable 
for  their  integrity  and  piety  ;  and  spared 
no  pains  to  give  their  son  the  benefit 
of  a  good  education.  He  received  the 
elements  of  learning  in  the  village  school 
of  Horsforth,  and,  in  due  season,  was 
placed  in  the  Free  Grammar  School,  in 
Hull,  of  which  the  celebrated  Joseph 
Milner,  the  ecclesiastical  histontm,  was 
then  head-master.  On  his  removal  from 
school,  he  took  part  for  a  while  in  his 
father's  business  ;  but,  being  a  lad  of  good 
ability  and  of  exemplary  character,  he  was 
adopted  by  the  EUand  Society,  and  placed 
at  St  John's  CoUege,  Cambridge,  to  study 
for  the  ministry  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Whilst  at  the  University,  Mr.    Marsden 


pursued  hifl  studies  with  assiduity,  and 
gained  for  himself  the  friendship  of  the 
Rev.  C.  Simeon,  the  well-known  rector 
of  Trinity  church.  He  was  not,  how- 
ever, permitted  to  complete  his  University 
course  or  take  any  degree ;  for,  through 
the  influence  of  Mr.  Wilberforce,  he  was 
induced  to  accept  a  chaplaincy  in  what 
was  then  called  *'  His  Majesty's  Territory 
of  New  South  Wales,"  and  to  take  orders 
in  the  Church  of  England.  Before  he 
left  England,  Mr.  Marsden  was  married 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  Tristan,  in  whom,  for 
upwards  of  thirty  years,  he  found  not  only 
an  affectionate  and  faithful  wife,  but  a 
companion  singularly  qualified  to  share 
his  labours  and  lighten  his  toils.  In 
1794  Mr.  Marsden  arrived  at  Port  Jack- 
son, and  entered  on  his  sacred  duties. 
For  a  short  time,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Johnson, 
who  had  accepted  the  office  of  first  chap- 
lain in  the  colony,  assisted  him  in  his 
labours ;  but  that  gentleman,  feeling  him- 
self unequal  to  the  office  conferred  on  him, 
returned  to  Emrland,  and  left  his  colleafnie 
with  a  he^cha,^.  Con8idem.gtke 
state  of  the  colony  at  the  time  and  the 
places  under  his  care,  Samuel  Marsden 
had  a  most  arduous  task  to  perform,  and 
needed  an  extraordinary  amount  of  physi- 
cal and  mental  endurance.  As  far  as  can 
be  judged  from  the  published  records,  he 
discharged  his  duties  conscientiously,  and 
with  great  benefit  to  the  community  in 
which  his  lot  was  cast ;  but  the  office  of 
Magistrate  which  was  forced  upon  him  by 
the  Government,  frequently  placed  him  in  • 
a  position  somewhat  inconsistent  with  his 
sacred  profession.  Owing  to  political  cir- 
cumstances, arising  from  a  misunderstand- 
ing between  the  Gk)vemor  and  the  officeis 
of  the  New  South  Wales  Corps,  Mr.  Mars- 
den obtained  leave  of  absence  and  returned 
to  England  in  1807.  During  the  two 
years  that  he  remained  at  home,  he  used 
his  influence  with  the  Government  of  the 
day  to  efiect  several  moral  and  social  re- 
forms in  the  colony,  and  to  direct  the  at- 
tention of  the  religious  world  to  the  evan- 
gelisation of  New  Zealand  and  the  Society 
Islands.  On  his  return  to  the  colony  in 
1809,  Mr.  Marsden  brought  with  him 
several  eminent  ministers,  whose  names 
have  become   household  words   in   New 


132 


MAESDEN— MARTIN. 


South  Wales  (amongst  them,  the  late 
Archdeacon  Cowper,  and  the  Bey.  R. 
Cartright),  and  he  took  almost  immediate 
steps  to  establish  a  mission  in  New  Zealand 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Church  Mission- 
ary Society.  It  would  occupy  too  much 
space  to  give  an  account  of  his  seven 
missionary  voyaees  to  New  Zealand,  the 
d-ngeTie  ^Xitered  in  veasela  '  not 
always  "  seaworthy/'  and  the  extraordi- 
nary  fortitude  which  he  manifested  in 
travelling  amongst  the  savages.  In  those 
days  a  voyage  to  New  Zeidand  was  con- 
sidered a  great  undertaking,'  and  few 
persons  ventured  to  land  on  a  coast  where 
so  many  massacres  had  been  committed. 
Mr.  Marsden  impressed  the  New  Zealand 
chiefs  with  the  benevolence  of  his  inten- 
tions, and  gained  a  surprising  influence 
over  them.  Mr.  Marsden  died  May, 
12,  1858,  at  the  parsonage,  Windsor, 
then  occupied  by  his  friend,  Uie  Bev.  £L 
T.  Styles.  His  last  days  were  calm  and 
peaceful,  and  though  he  spoke  but  little, 
''yet  in  his  conscious  moments  he  said 
quite  enough  to  show  that  the  Saviour 
whom  he  served  through  life  was  with  him 
in  the  time  of  trial"  He  was  buried  in 
his  own  churchyard  at  Parramatta,  his 
remains  being  followed  to  the  grave  by 
upwards  of  sixty  carriages,  and  representa- 
tives from  all  classes  of  the  community. 
Two  tablets  have  been  placed  in  memory 
of  him  in  St  John's  church,  Parramatta. 
The  church  of  All  Saint's,  Marsfield,  was 
intended  as  a  kind  of  monument  to  per- 
petuate his  name;  whilst  some  elegant 
windows  have  been  presented  to  the  church 
of  his  native  village,  to  do  honour  to  one 
"  whose  pi^ise  is  in  all  the  churchea"  The 
Bev.  Dr.  Woolls,  on  reliable  authority, 
says : — ^We  are,  perhaps,  living  too  near 
the  days  of  Samuel  Marsden  to  form  a 
just  estimate  of  his  life,  character,  and 
labours.  Though  not  distinguished  for 
literary  and  scientific  attainments,  or  for 
the  eloquence  and  pathos  of  his  preaching, 
he  was  a  man  of  no  ordinary  type.  Some 
of  his  papers  and  letters  display  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  good  sense  and  clear- 
ness of  expression,  whilst  his  speeches  and 
sermons  were  sound  and  practical,  designed 
rather  to  enlighten  the  understanding  and 
to  improve  the  heart  than  to  electrify  by 


*'  the  wisdom  of  words."  In  private  life, 
he  was  characterised  by  simplicity,  kind- 
ness, and  liberality,  always  r«uiy  to  listen 
to  the  tale  of  woe,  and  glad  to  distribute 
to  the  poor  and  needy. 

MABSDEN,  BioHT  Bev.  Samuel 
Edward,  Bishop  of  Bathurst^  grandson 
of  Bev.  Samuel  Marsden,  bom  in  Sydney 
in  1832  ;  was  educated  at  Trinity  CoUege, 
Cambridge ;  ordained  in  1855,  and  having 
been  curate  in  two  parishes,  was  made 
Vicar  of  Berysworth,  Worcestershire.  In 
1869  he  was  consecrated  first  Bishop  of 
Bathurst.  He  has  since  paid  three  visits 
to  England. 

M  ABTIN,  Sir  Jambs,  Chief  Justice  of 
New  South  Wales,  bom  May  U,  1820,  in 
the  town  of  Middleton,  county  Cork, 
Ireland.  His  parents  emigrated  to  this 
country  in  1821  ;  and  he  landed  with 
them  in  Sydney,  November  7,  1821.  The 
early  years  of  his  life  were  spent  at  Parrar 
matta,  where  he  attended  various  private 
schools.  In  183^,  his  parents  having 
removed  to  Sydney,  he  was  placed  under 
the  care  of  the  well-known  schoolmaster 
Mr.  W.  T.  Cape,  and  continued  with  that 
gentleman  on  his  appointment  to  the  head- 
mastership  of  the  Sydney  CoUega  After 
leaving  school*  he  entered  the  office  of  Mr. 
Nichols,  attorney  and  solicitor.  Having 
served  under  articles  for  the  requisite 
period,  he  was  admitted  May  10,  1845, 
as  an  attorney,  solicitor,  and  proctor  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  continued  to 
practise  in  that  branch  of  the  profession 
for  some  years.  In  1848  he  began  to 
write  for  the  Atlas  newspaper ;  in  1851 
he  was  a  contributor  to  the  Empire, 
which  had  been  recently  started  by  Mr. 
Parkes.  In  1848  Mr.  Martin  entered  on 
his  political  career.  He  was  elected  to 
represent  Cook  and  Westmoreland.  Wb 
opponent  petitioned  acainst  the  election, 
and  he  was  unseated;  but  when  the 
new  election  came  on  Mr.  Martin  was  re- 
elected without  having  to  go  to  the  poll. 
In  1851  he  was  again  elected  for  Cook 
and  Westmoreland,  and  continued  for 
several  years  to  represent  that  electorate. 
Amongst  other  services  rendered  by  Mr. 
Martin  during  this  period  of  his  parlia- 
mentary career,  was  his  initiation  of  the 
discussion  which  led  to  the  establishment 


MARTIN. 


133 


of  A  brandi  of  tihe  Rojral  Mint  in  Sydney, 
And  he  persevered  in  that  design 
until  it  came  to  a  successful  issua  On 
Januaiy  20,  1853,  Mr.  Martin  married 
Isabella,  daughter  of  Mr.  W.  Long, 
of  Sydney.  As  an  illustration  of  the 
direction  which  his  patriotism  took,  his 
favoTuite  railway  policy  was  very  charac- 
teristic. In  order  to  dirive  back  the  Mel- 
bourne merchants  from  Riverina,  he 
urged  the  extension,  without  delay,  of  the 
Southem  Railway  to  the  Murrumbidgee, 
at  Narrandera,  leaving  the  Western  and 
Northern  lines  without  extension  beyond 
the  present  termini,  until  New  South 
Wales  had  triumphed  over  Victoria  and 
secured  the  trade  of  the  South.  In  1856, 
when  the  first  Parliament  under  Respon- 
sible Government  was  summoned,  Mr. 
Martin  was  elected  by  his  former  consti- 
tuents for  Ck>ok  and  Westmoreland. 
Finding  himself  opposed  by  the  principal 
conservatives  of  tile  day,  he  threw  his 
powerful  talents  into  the  scale  of  the 
HbenJ  party,  then  led  by  Mr.  C.  Cowper ; 
and  when  l^e  Donaldson  Ministry  was 
defeated,  in  August,  1856,  Mr.  Cowper 
^pointed  him  Attorney-General  in  his 
first  Administration.  So  strong,  how- 
ever, was  the  personal  opposition  of  the 
conservatives  to  Mr  Martin,  that  they 
carried  a  vote  of  censure  on  the  Cowper 
Ministry,  on  the  ground  of  his  being  a 
member  of  it.  In  defending  himself  on 
that  occasion,  Mr.  Martin  made  one  of 
the  most  demosthenic  speeches  ever 
delivered  in  this  country.  Shortly  after 
thifi  event  he  was  called  to  the  Bar,  and 
speedily  attained,  in  the  minds  of  the 
ieamed  Judges,  as  well  as  in  public 
opinion,  a  position  equal  to  that  of  his 
seniors  in  the  profession.  When  the 
Parker-Donaldson  Ministry  was  defeated, 
ia  September,  1857,  and  Mr.  Cowper  re- 
^onied  to  office,  Mr.  Martin  went  in  with 
him  as  Attorney-General ;  and  those  who 
had  before  objected  to  his  appointment, 
no  longer  refused  to  recognise  his  title  to 
^t  position.  His  most  memorable 
achievement  in  that  Administration  was 
in  securing  the  passing  of  the  new  Assess- 
inent  Act,  which  made  the  squatters 
contribute  more  to  the  revenue.  He 
resigned  November  8, 1858.     In  the  third 


Legislative  Assembly,  which  was  elected 
by  manhood  suffrage  under  the  Electoral 
Law  of  1858  and  met  August  30,  1859, 
Mr.  Martin  was  one  of  the  four  representa- 
tives elected  by  East  Sydney,  his  colleagues 
being  Messrs.  C.  Cowper,  John  Black,  and 
Heniy  Parkes.  Mr.  Martin  came  into 
office  as  Premier  for  the  first  time  in  Oc- 
tober, 1863.  He  associated  with  himself 
Mr.  W.  Forster  as  Colonial  Secretary,  Mr. 
C^ffirey  Eagar  as  Treasurer,  Mr.  J.  B. 
Wilson  as  Minister  for  Lands,  Mr.  A  T. 
Holroyd  as  Minister  for  Works,  and  Mr. 
Peter  Faucett  (now  Mr.  Justice  Faucett) 
as  Solicitor-General.  The  Hon.  J.  H. 
Plunkett,  then  a  Member  of  the  Legisla^ 
tive  Council,  accepted  the  office  of  Vice- 
President  of  the  Executive  Council  The 
chief  work  undertaken  by  this  Ministry 
was  to  place  the  finances  of  the  country 
on  a  better  footing;  as  shortly  before 
they  came  into  power  it  was  announced 
by  Mr.  T.  W.  Smart,  who  had  then  lately 
been  appointed  Treasurer,  that  there  was 
a  deficiency  of  some  £400,000.  To  meet 
this  emergency,  the  Treasurer,  in  1864, 
proposed  a  financial  scheme  of  a  protective 
character ;  it  was,  with  a  few  alterations, 
passed  by  the  Assembly,  but  rejected  by 
the  Council,  and  a  dissolution  of  Parliiu- 
ment  followed.  The  cry  of  "  Free-Trade 
versus  Protection  "  was  raised  through  the 
country.  Mr.  Martin  was  returned  for 
the  Lachlan  Electorate,  but  a  large  majori- 
ty of  the  new  members  were  elected  as 
representatives  of  the  Free-Trade  party. 
The  new  Parliament  met  January  24, 1865: 
a  "Want  of  Confidence"  motion  was  moved 
by  Mr.  Cowper,  and  carried  by  a  large 
majority.  The  Cowper  Ministry  which 
then  succeeded  failed  to  overcome  ^e  finan- 
cial difficulties  of  the  country  in  a  manner 
satisfactory  to  Parliament;  and  in  less 
than  twelve  months  Mr.  Martin  was  again 
called  upon  to  form  an  Administration. 
The  late  Ministry  had  been  defeated  on  a 
motion  by  Mr.  Parkes ;  and  although  that 
gentleman  had  been  previously  opposed  to 
Mr.  Martin,  they  agreed  to  associate  in 
the  formation  of  a  Govenmient.  Mr. 
Martin  brought  in  his  former  colleagues, 
Messrs.  Eagar  and  Wilson ;  and  Mr. 
Parkes  brought  in  his  friend  Mr.  Byrnes, 
with  whom  he  had  cordially  ooK)perated 


134 


M'CABTHY— MKDOY. 


on.  most  public  questions  ever  since  they 
had  been  in  the  political  arena.  To  these 
were  added  Mr.  R.  M.  Isaacs,  as  Solicitor- 
General,  and  Mr.  Joseph  Docker,  of  the 
Upper  House,  as  Postmaster-General 
This  was  considered  the  strongest  Ministry 
ever  formed  under  Responsible  Govern- 
ment in  this  country.  It  came  into  office 
January  22,  1866,  and  for  two  years  was 
remarkably  successful  in  maintaining  a 
large  majority,  carrying  measures  of 
great  importance.  The  principal  of  these 
was  the  Public  Schools  Act,  which  intro- 
duced a  new  era  in  the  progress  of 
general  education  throughout  the  colony. 
Their  amended  Municipalities  Act  also 
yielded  large  and  salutary  results.  The 
great  idea  of  this  Administration  was 
to  abate  the  evils  of  popular  ignorance, 
idleness,  intemperance,  and  pauperism. 
Having  by  the  Public  Schools  Act  made 
provision  for  the  extension  of  elemen- 
tary education  in  all  parts  of  the  country, 
amongst  the  classes  who  appreciate  edu- 
cation, (hey  brought  in  measures  for  the 
establishment  of  Industrial  Schools  and 
Reformatories  in  order  to  meet  the  wants 
of  neglected  children  and  juvenile  offend- 
ers. The  Vernon  Training  School,  and 
the  Reformatory  at  Newcastle  are  the 
fruits  of  these  measures.  The  Martin- 
Parkes  Ministry  had  the  honour  of  re- 
ceiving H.  R.  H.  Prince  Alfred  when  he 
visited  these  colonies  by  direction  of  Her 
Majesty  the  Queen,  and  in  commemoration 
of  this,  Mr.  James  Martin  as  Premier 
received  the  honour  of  knighthood.  During 
Mr.  Martin's  Ministry,  and  through  his 
determination,  the  idea  of  fortifying  the 
harbour  more  effectually  was  first  enter- 
tained. In  the  session  of  1868  the  Ministry 
resigned,  and  a  new  Government  was 
formed  by  Mr.  Robertson.  Sir  James 
Martin  was  again  Premier  and  Attorney- 
General  in  1870-2,  when  he  associated 
with  himself  Mr,  (now  Sir)  John  Robert- 
son. On  November  19,  1873,  he  retired 
from  Parliament,  and  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
South  Wales,  a  position  he  now  occupies. 
MCCARTHY,  Very  Rev.  Timothy, 
Dean,  bom  at  Ballinbarry,  Cork,  in  1828, 
and  educated  in  Cork  until  1844,  when 
he  was  removed  to  Garlow  College.     He 


first  intended  to  follow  the  legal  profes- 
sion, but  afterwards  turned  his  thoughts 
towards  the  Church,  and  with  this  object 
studied  for  five  years;  was  ordained 
a  priest  of  the  R.C.  Church  in  1852. 
He  arrived  in  Sydney  in  1853,  and  was 
sent  to  the  Nozthem  districts,  where  he 
remained  for  ten  years,  when  he  was 
recalled  to  Sydney  to  recruit  his  health 
He  was  soon  afterwards  sent  to  Carcoar, 
then  infested  by  bushrangers,  to  use  for 
good  his  influence  amongst  the  people  of 
the  district,  who  were  top  much  inclined 
to  harbour  them.  After  this  he  returned 
to  Sydney,  and  was  senior  priest  at  Si 
Benedict's,  until  in  1872  he  was  appointed 
Dean  of  St.  Mary's.  He  continued  in 
the  active  discharge  of  his  duties  till 
June,  1877,  when  he  left  Sydney  to  enjoy 
some  relaxation  in  Europe. 

M'COY,  Frederick,  Professor  of 
Natural  Science  in  the  University  of 
Melbourne,  son  of  Dr.  S.  M*Coy,  a 
physician,  was  bom  in  Dublin,  educated 
for  the  medical  profession,  partly  in  that 
city,  and  subsequently  at  Cambridge. 
Whilst  yet  too  young  to  be  admitted  to 
the  profession,  he  accepted  the  offer  of  Sir 
Richard  Griffith  to  make  the  palseontolo- 
gical  investigations  required  for  the  Geo- 
logical Map  of  Ireland  for  the  Boundaiy 
Survey,  and  published  the  results  of  his 
examinations  in  two  large  quarto  volumes, 
illustrated  with  numerous  plates,  chiefly 
from  his  own  drawings ;  one  entitled 
"  Synopsis  of  the  Carboniferous  Limestone 
Fossils  of  Ireland,"  and  the  other, 
"  Synopsis  of  the  Silurian  Fossils  of  Ire- 
land,'' containing  many  hundred  new 
discoveries.  He  was  then  invited  by  the 
late  Colonel  Sir  Henry  James,  R.E.,  and 
Sir  Henry  de  la  B^he,  to  join  the  British 
Geological  Survey  then  commenced ;  and 
after  completing  the  maps  of  the  districts 
geologically  surveyed  by  him  in  the  field, 
was  appointed  by  Sir  Robert  Peel's 
Government  as  one  of  the  first  professors 
of  the  (new)  Queen's  University  of  Ire- 
land, the  Chair  of  Geology  in  the  Northern 
College  being  assigned  to  him.  During 
the  vacations,  he  undertook,  in  conjunction 
with  the  Rev.  Professor  Sedgwick,  the 
large  work  on  "  British  Palaeozoic  Rocks 
and  Fossils,"  baaed  on  the  materials  in  the 


M'GULLOCH. 


13d 


Woodwardian    CoUeotaon   at  Cambridge. 
Professor  McCoy's  portion  of  this  work 
VB8  published  as  a  thick  quarto  volume, 
jist  before    his   appointment    by    Sir  J. 
Herachel    to     the    first  Professorship  of 
Natural  Science  in  the  University  of  Mel- 
bourne^  where  he  has  since  continued  to 
lecture    on    chemistry    and    mineralogy, 
botany,  zoology,  comparative  anatomy,  and 
geology;     besides    filling    the    offices  of 
Director    of    the   National    Museum    of 
Natural  Science,  and  Paleontologist  to  the 
Geological    Survey.       His    original    dis- 
coveries in  every  branch  of  natural  science, 
forming  upwards  of  100  essays,  are  printed 
in  the  "  Annals  of  Natural  History,"  and 
the  proceedings  of  various  scientific  So^ 
deties ;    was     elected    one    of    the    few 
honorary    members     of    the    Cambridge 
Philosophical    Society;    is    an    honorary 
member  of  various  other  scientific  bodies 
in  difierent  parts  of  the  world.     He  was 
also  created  a  Eoiight  or  Chevalier  of  the 
Boyal  Order  of  the  Crown  of  Italy  by 
King  Yiotor  Emanuel     His  "  Prodromus 
of  the  Zoology  and  Paleeontology  of  Vic- 
toria "  is  now  in  course  of  publication  in 
nambers  or  decades  of  ten  plates  each,  is- 
sued bv  the  Government  at  short  intervals. 
M*CULLOCH,  Sir  James,  Knt.,  was 
horn  in  Glasgow,  in  1 8 1 9.  There  at  an  early 
age  he  devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pur- 
suits, and  entered  the  ofQce  of  Messrs.  J.  D. 
Bennistoun  and  Co.     He  applied  himself 
to  bosiness  with  commendable  energy,  and 
proved  of  so  much  use  to  the  firm,  that  he 
was  selected  as  their  representative  to  open 
anew  branch  of  their  business  in  Victoria. 
He  came  out  to  Melbourne  in  1853,  by  the 
steamship  ''Adelaide.''     The  passage  was 
one  of  unusual  pcnrU ;  for  in  the  Bay  of 
Biscay  the  vessel  was  found  to  be  on  fire. 
By  great  exertions  the  fire  was  subdued. 
The  passage  occupied  163  days.     On  his 
MriTal,  Mr.  M'Culloch  opened  a  branch 
of  the  business  in  Melbourne,  with  the  title 
of  Dennistoun,  Brothers  and  Company.    In 
1854  he  entered  political  life  as  a  nominee 
Member  of  the  former  mixed  Legislative 
Council,   before  the  introduction  of  Bes- 
pwurible  Government.      When   the  new 
Constitution  with  Responsible  Grovemment 
was  introduced,  he  was  elected  to  the  first 
Legislative  Assembly  for  the  Wimmera. 


So  great  an  influence  did  he  gain,  that, 
on  the  defeat  of  the  first  O'Shanassy 
Ministry,  he  was  sent  for  by  the  Governor 
to  form  a  new  Administration.  He  suc- 
ceeded in  so  doing,  and  took  for  himself 
the  office  of  Commissioner  for  Customs* 
That  Ministiy  retained  office  for  two  years. 
At  the  general  election  of  1858,  he  was 
returned  as  Member  for  East  Melbourne ; 
and  when  the  second  O'Shanassy  Ministry 
was  defeated,  in  1859,  Mr.  M*Culiodi 
again  took  office,  in  the  Nicholson  Ministry. 
This  time  he  held  the  position  of  Treasurer.. 
When  the  Nicholson  Ministry  was  over- 
thrown, he  left  Victoria  for  a  visit  to  the 
mother  country.  On  his  retmn  to  Vic- 
toria, he  was  elected  to  Parliament  for 
Momington,  and  has  since  been  re-elected 
on  several  occasions  by  the  same  constitu- 
ency. At  the  present  time  he  represents 
Warmambool.  When  the  O'Shanasay- 
Dufiy  ministry  was  defeated  in  June, 
1863,  Mr.  M^Culloch  was  again  called 
upon  to  form  a  ministry.  He  f orined  a  oo- 
aUtion  with  Mr.  Heales,  who  had  been  his 
opponent  in  1859;  and  waiving  minor 
differences  they  formed  from  amongst  their 
political  friends  the  strongest  Ministry 
hitherto  known  in  Victoria.  He  was 
associated  with  Mr.  Higinbotham,  Mr. 
Michie,  Mr.  Francis,  and  other  men  of 
great  influence,  in  the  advocacy  of  Pro- 
tection. Admitttog  the  general  principles 
of  Free-Trade  as  a  cosmopolitan  system, 
these  distinguished  men  held  that,  for  a 
time,  new  countries  require  the  aid  of  a  pro- 
tective system.  During  the  visit  of  the 
Duke  of  Edinburgh  to  Australia,  Mr. 
M'Culloch  was  Premier;  and  in  conse- 
quence of  his  position,  and  the  testimony 
of  the  Queen's  representative  as  to  his 
merits,  he  received  from  Her  Majesty  the 
honour  of  knighthood,  at  the  same  time 
as  Sir  James  Martin,  then  Premier  of  New 
South  Wales.  About  ten  years  ago  Sir  J. 
M'Colloch  joined  Mr.  Seilarsin  establishing 
the  large  business  which  bears  their  names. 
In  April,  1870,  Sir  James  M'Culloch 
formed  his  third  Ministry,  which  lasted 
until  June,  1871,  when  they  were  defeated, 
and  Mr.  Duffy  became  Premier.  Soon 
after  that  event.  Sir  James  M'CuUoch 
again  visited  the  mother  coxmtry;  and 
shortly  after  his  return,  on  the  defeat  of 


136 


MCDONNELL— M^FAKLAND, 


the  Beny  Govemment,  in  October,  1875, 
he  formed  a  Ministry,  which  lasted  from 
October  20th  in  that  year  to  May  21, 1877. 

MCDONNELL,  Sir  Richabd  Graves, 
educated  at  Trinity  Collie,  Dublin,  grad- 
uated B.A.  in  1835,  M.A.  1838,  and 
LL.D.  in  1844  ;  called  to  the  Bar  of  Ire- 
land,  1838,  and  of  England,  1840 ;  was 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Gambia  from  1843 
to  1847,  and  Governor  until  1851 ; 
appointed  Governor  of  St.  Lucia  1852, 
and  transferred  to  St.  Vincent  the  same 
year;  in  1855  was  Governor  of  South 
Australia,  in  1864  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  in 
1865  of  Hong  Kong.  He  retired  on  a 
pension  in  1872. 

M'ENCROE,  Yen.  Archdeacon  John, 
was  bom  at  Tullamane,  near  Cashel, 
December  26,  1795.  In  1814  he  entered 
St.  Patrick's  College,  Maynooth ;  was  or- 
dained priest  in  1819  ;  in  1822  went  on 
the  American  Mission,  but  returned  in 
1829  in  ill  health  ;  he  landed  in  Sydney 
June  10,  1832,  and  was  placed  in 
charge  of  St.  Patrick's  Roman  Catholic 
church,  where  he  laboured  until  1861, 
when  he  went  to  England  to  choose  a 
B«ctor  for  St.  John's  College.  He  was 
made  Dean  and  subsequently  Archdeacon. 
He  died,  deeply  regretted,  August  22, 1868. 

MEYMOTT,  Frederick  William,  is 
the  third  son  of  John  Gilbert  Meymott, 
;solicitor,  London,  and  was  bom  in  Black- 
friars  Boad,  county  Surrey,  May  21, 
1808.  He  was  educated  at  Dr.  May's 
Palace  School,  Enfield,  Middlesex.  Studied 
ifor  the  Bar,  under  Mr.  Joseph  Chitty,  for 
five  years.  Commenced  practice  as  a 
Special  Pleader  in  1831.  Was  called  to 
the  Bar  in  1847,  and  went  the  Home 
Circuit.  On  April  10,  1848,  at  the  time 
of  the  Chartist  demonstration,  he  was 
called  out  as  a  special  constable.  In 
June,  1850,  he  left  England,  and  arrived 
in  New  South  Wales  in  October,  com- 
mencing at  once  practice  as  a  bairister. 
On  August^  28,  1850,  he  was  appointed 
Parliamentary  Draftsman,  in  conjunction 
with  the  late  C.  K.  Murray,  Esq.  On 
January  29,  1859,  was  appointed  Crown 
Prosecutor,  Southern  District  On  De- 
cember 15,  1863,  made  Judge  of  the 
Southern  District  On  December  14,  1865, 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Noiiifaem  District 


He  was  also  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Metropolitan  Court  for  the  month  of  De- 
cember, 1872,  in  the  absence  of  Judge 
Simpson.  He  married  Januaiy  31, 1866, 
Blanche,  third  daughter  of  the  late  John 
Wild,  Esq.,  of  Yanderville,  near  Picton. 
He  resides  at  Ethelstone,  MurrurundL 

M'FARIiAND,  Alfred,  Judge,  boni 
April  24,  1824,  in  the  county  of  Lon- 
donderry, in  Ireland.  His  &ther  was 
a  member  of  one  of  the  earliest  and 
most  extensive  firms  of  Unen-bleachen 
who  contributed  so  largely  to  the  pros- 
perity of  that  part  of  the  NortL  He 
himself  was  educated  at  Foyle  College 
and  Belfast  College ;  became  a  student  of 
law  at  the  Inn  of  Court,  Dublin,  in  1843, 
and  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  London,  in  1845. 
At  the  latter  he  was  a  pupil  of  Mr. 
Heathfield,  the  eminent  equity  draftsman ; 
was  called  to  the  Bar  of  Ireland  in 
Easter,  1847,  joined  the  north-east  cir- 
cuit, and  practised  there  for  ten  years  in 
all  the  superior  Courts  at  Dublin,  and  as 
a  conveyancer  and  real  property  lawyer. 
He  published,  within  a  few  years  from  his 
call  to  the  Irish  Bar,  a  book  upon  the 
"Principles  and  Practice  of  Pleading  in 
Equity,"  which  procured  his  first  judicial 
appointment.  He  was  then  nominated  by 
the  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ireland,  and  anp- 
pointed  by  the  Whig  Government  of  1857 
to  be  Judge  of  the  principal  Civil  and  Cri- 
minal Courts  of  Western  Australia.  He 
remained  in  that  colony  for  more  than 
three  years  in  the  enjoyment  of  that  office 
(serving  under  Sir  Arthur  Kennedy),  but 
resigned  it  in  March,  18&1,  came  to  New 
South  Wales,  and  was  appointed  an  Act- 
ing District  Court  Judge  May  30th  of 
that  year;  was  made  Chief  Commis- 
sioner of  Insolvent  Estates  in  July  of  the 
same  year ;  and  in  1865  became  one  of 
the  Metropolitan  District  Court  Judges 
and  Chairman  of  Quarter  Sesilions — a  po- 
sition which  he  exchanged,  in  1869,  for 
his  present  office  of  sole  Judge  of  the 
Southern  District  Courts  and  Courts 
of  Quarter  Sessions.  Whilst  holding 
these  various  offices,  he  consolidated 
and  amended  (at  the  request  of  different 
Attorney-Generals)  all  our  Insolvency 
Acts,  District  Court  Acts  and  Mining 
Acts,  and  has  been  an  earnest  advocate 


M*GOWAK— MILPORD. 


187 


of  iiefonn  in  the  various  departments  of 
oar  l^al  and  judicial  systema  He  is  also 
the  author  of  a  successful  little  work  de- 
scriptiye  of  the  climate,  soil,  earlj  history, 
products,  capabilities,  sports  and  pastimes 
d  niawarra  and  Manaro,  as  well  as 
a  frequent  contributor  to  the  literary 
eolamns  of  the  leadiDg  journals  of^  Sydney. 

MKJOWAN,  Samuel  Walkkr,  is  the 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Samuel  M'Gowan, 
of  Kingston,  Ontario,  Canada,  and  was 
bom  January  4,  1829.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Grammar  School,  Kingston, 
and  intended  for  the  legal  profession  ; 
studied  law,  at  Toronto,  from  1843  to  1847. 
In  the  latter  year,  on  the  death  of  his 
&ther,  he  attended  lectures  on  natural 
sdence  and  studied  telegraphy.  He  was 
in  the  service  of  different  Telegraph  Com- 
panies in  America  until  the  end  of  1852, 
when  he  migrated  to  Australia,  and  landed 
in  Melbourne  in  1853,  with  the  design  of 
establishing  private  telegraphs;  but  the 
Govenmient  determining  to  assume  the 
proprietary  he  tendered  for  the  consU'uc- 
tion  of  a  tel^raph  line  between  Mel- 
bourne and  Williamstown  in  September, 
1853.  In  1854  the  Telegraph  Statute  was 
passed,  and  the  Electric  Telegraph  depart- 
ment thus  established  was  placed  under 
his  charge,  and  during. the  next  15  years 
he  introduced  the  existing  Telegraphic 
system.  In  1869  the  Telegraph  and 
Postal  departments  were  amalgamated, 
and  he  was  made  Inspector  of  Post  and 
Tel^raph  Service.  He  is  now  Deputy 
Postmaster-GeneraL  He  married,  June 
30, 1857,  Annie,  eldest  daughter  of  Major 
Benson,  of  Kingston,  Ontario,  and  has 
two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

MICHIE,  Sib  Archibald,  K.C.M.G., 
was  bom  in  London.  He  was  called  to  the 
Bar  in  1838,  and  in  1839  came  out  to 
Sydney,  at  first  acting  as  law  reporter  to 
the  Press.  As  professional  work  and 
success  came  to  him  he  withdrew  from 
this  employment.  After  paying  a  visit  to 
England  in  1852  he  settled  in  Melbourne 
and  was  nominated  to  a  seat  in  the  Legis- 
lative Council  He  purchased  the  Heridd 
in  1854,  but  it  did  not  turn  out  a  com- 
loercial  success  ;  he  sold  out  in  1856.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  elected  for  the 
^ty  of  Melbourne,   and   in    1857    was 


appointed  Attorney -General  He  retired 
from  Parliament  for  a  time  in  1861,  but 
was  elected  for  Polworth  and  Grenville  in 
1863,  and  took  office  as  Minister  for  Jus- 
tice. He  retired  however  in  1866,  but  in 
1870  was  again  made  Attorney-General, 
which  post  he  held  until  the  following 
year.  In  1872  he  visited  Europe  on 
aooaunt  of  his  health,  and  when  he 
returned  in  1873  was  appointed  Agent- 
General  for  the  colony,  with  a  salary  of 
£2,000  per  annum  and  allowances  of 
£462.     He  resigned  this  office  in  1879. 

MILES,  William,  M.L  A,  was  bom 
at  Hails  Quarry,  near  Edinburgh,  in 
1817.  He  emigrated  to  New  South  Wales 
in  1838  ;  came  out  with  promise  of 
Grovemment  employment,  but  preferred 
to  take  an  engagement  with  Mr.  W. 
H.  Chapman,  and  went  to  his  stations 
on  the  Macleay  Hiver,  of  which  he  soon 
had  charge.  In  1852  he  commenced 
squatting  on  his  own  account  on  the 
Dawson  Hiver.  In  1865  he  was  re- 
turned for  Maranoa,  which  he  continued 
to  represent  till  1874,  when  he  was 
elected  for  Carnarvon.  He  was  Colonial 
Secretary  for  Queensland,  in  the  Thorn- 
Douglas  Ministry  of  1876,  but  was  trans- 
ferred on  November  7,  1877,  to  the  charge 
of  the  Public  Works  Department,  whidi 
he  resigned,  February  6,  1878. 

MILFORD,  Samuel  Fbedebick,  bom 
at  Exeter,  England,  September  16,  1797, 
the  eldest  son  of  Samuel  Frederick  Mil- 
ford,  of  Heavitree,  for  many  years  Deputy 
Lieutenant  for  the  county  of  Devon. 
He  received  his  preliminary  education 
at  the  High  School,  Exeter,  and  after- 
wards graduated  as  Master  of  Arts  at 
St.  John's  CoUege,  Cambridge.  He  was 
called  to  the  Bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  London, 
and  practised  his  profession  at  Bristol  for 
several  years,  where  he  held  the  appoint- 
ment of  Judge  of  the  Diocesan  Ecclesias- 
tical Court  In  the  years  1840-41,  and 
during  the  winter  seasons,  he  suffered 
much  from  catarrh  and  bronchitis,  and,  act- 
ing on  the  advice  of  his  physician,  was 
induced  to  seek  an  appoin^ent  in  Aus- 
tralia. Through  the  influence  of  his 
cousin.  Sir  William  Follett,  the  then 
Attorney  -  General  of  England,  he  was 
appointed  Master-in-Equity  of  New  South 


1^ 


MILWRAJTH— MITCHELL. 


Wales,  and  left  London  September,  1842^ 
for  Sydney.  He  landed  January  1,  1843, 
and  shortly  afterwards  was  installed  in 
his  office  as  Master-in^Equity,  which  he 
held  together  with  that  of  Chief  Com- 
missioner of  Insolvent  Estates  until  his 
appointment  as  Resident  Judge  in  the 
district  of  Moreton  Bay  January,  1856  ; 
thence  he  returned  to  Sydney  Febnucy, 
1859,  and  from  that  time  until  his  death, 
which  took  place  May  26,  1865,  was 
engaged  in  the  active  and  responsible 
duties  of  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
He  held  also  during  this  period  the  offices 
of  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Vice- Admiralty 
and  Primary  Judge  in  Equity.  He  was 
a  just  Judge.  In  common  law  he  was  less 
distinguished  than  in  the  Equity  and  other 
branches  of  the  Court's  jurisdiction  which 
were  under  his  peculiar  charge,  with  which 
he  was  thoroughly  familiar.  By  dint  of 
dose  application  he — as  far  as  the  system 
would  allow  of  it — relieved  the  Court  of 
Equity  from  the  reproaches  of  delay  and 
costliness  which  were  so  generally  attached 
to  it.  His  judgments  followed  speedily  6n 
the  arguments  of  each  case,  yet  were  so 
earefully  considered  that  they  were  seldom 
shaken  on  the  appeals  to  ^e  full  Court 
which  almost  invariably  followed.  In  his 
social  position  as  a  gentleman,  no  one  stood 
higher.  His  kindness  of  heart  and  uni- 
form courtesy  won  for  him  the  esteem  and 
respect  of  all  who  knew  him.  Some  two 
months  before  his  death  he  had  a  severe 
attack  of  bronchitis  in  Sydney  which 
necessitated  confinement  to  his  room  for 
some  days.  He  had  however  by  no  means 
recovered  when,  the  Assizes  taking  place 
at  Maitland,  he  was  called  upon  to  preside 
thera  Much  against  the  advice  of  his 
medical  attendants  and  brother  Judges,  and 
much  weakened  by  illness  and  overwork, 
he  left  Sydney,  lest  the  business  of  the 
country  should  be  delayed  by  his  absence, 
an  attention  to  duty  which,  increasing  the 
complaint  from  which  he  wba  suffering, 
hastened  his  death  about  six  weeks  later. 
On  the  news  of  bis  decease  becoming  known, 
a  public  funeral  was  ordered  in  honour  of 
his  memory,  and  to  the  same  end,  the  Bar 
erected  a  memorial  window  in  St.  Andrew's 
Cathedral.  Mr.  Milf ord  left  a  widow  and 
six  children,  the  former  and  two  of  the 


hitter  being  sinoe  deceased.  HissurviviDg 
children  are,  Mrs.  Callaghan,  widow  of 
the  late  Judge  Callaghan,  Major-Genenl 
Sussex  Milford,  Dr.  MUford,  and  Mr. 
Henry  Milford,  solicitor,  of  Bockhampton, 
Queensland. 

M'lL WRAITH,  John,  was  bom  in 
Ayr,  ^fLJ  26,  1828,  educated  at  the 
local  scnools,  and  brought  up  as  a 
plumber.  He  came  out  to  Melbouine 
in  1853,  and  after  being  for  a  short 
time  at  the  Diggings  set  up  in  that  city 
in  his  own  trade.  In  1835  he  started 
Lead  Works,  and  in  1860  went  to  England 
and  brought  out  rolling  machinery  for 
sheet  lead.  In  1876  he  again  visited 
England  vid  America,  having  the  appoint- 
ment  of  Honorary  Commiadoner  at  the 
Philadelphia  Exhibition.  H^  had  plans 
drafted  of  the  machinery  he  required, 
availing  himself  of  American  improve- 
ments which  he  caused  to  be  manufactored 
at  A3rr,  and  his  new  works  are  just  erected. 
In  1876  and  1877  he  received  medals  for 
his  manu&u^ures  from  the  Intercolonial 
Exhibition.  He  was  Mayor  of  Melbourne 
1874-5. 

M'lLWRAITH,  Hon.  Thomas,  M.L.C., 
was  bom  in  Ayr  in  1 835,  educated  at  that 
city  and  at  Glasgow  College.  Arrived  in 
Melbourne  in  1 855,  and  was  Civil  Engineer 
to  the  Government  Railways,  and  to 
Cornish  and  Bruce.  He  conducted  (to  a 
successful  issue)  almost  solely  the  case  for 
his  principals  in  Cornish  and  Bruce  v.  the 
Grovemment  of  Victoria.  In  1 86 1  engaged 
in  squatting  pursuits  in  Queensland,  and 
settled  there  in  1870.  Represented  for 
many  years  the  Maranoa,  in  the  Legis> 
lative  Assembly ;  joined  the  Macalister 
Government,  as  Minister  for  Works,  but 
shortly  afterwards  resigned.  In  1878  wa* 
elected  for  Mulgrave,  and  on  the  defeat  of 
the  Douglas  Ministry  on  January  16,  1879, 
he  formed  a  new  Government,  of  'which  he 
is  Premier. 

MITCHELL,  Sir  Thomas  Livingston*, 
D.C.L.,  bom  in  Stirlingshire,  Jime  16, 
1792,  joined  the  Army  in  Portugal  in  1808 
as  a  volunteer ;  obtained  his  commission 
June  24,  1811,  and  received  the  Peninsula 
medal  and  five  clasps  for  his  services  during 
the  war.  He  was  specially  commissioned 
to    survey    the    battle-fields,     and    his 


MITCHELL— MITCHELL. 


139 


models,  iic ,  are  much  admired.  In  1 82  7  he 
ms  appointed  to  survey"  Eastern  Australia, 
and  Ills  map,  in  three  sheets,  was  published 
iu  1835.  In  1831  he  made  his  first  jour- 
nej  northward  ;  in  this  he  discovered  the 
Namoi  6wydii%  and  Karaula.  In  1835 
he  .started  on  his  second  expedition,  to 
e^iiore  the  course  of  the  Darling.  In 
1836  he  started  on  his  third  expedition, 
being  the  first  to  penetrate  into  that  portion 
of  the  country,  to  which  he  gave  the  name 
of  Austrcdia  Felia^  and  found  the  Hentys 
fth«adv  established  on  its  southern  border, 
at  Portland.  He  went  to  England  on  leave, 
and  published  in  two  volumes  his  account 
of  the^  three  expeditiona  In  1839  he 
vTBs  knighted,  and  made  a  D.C.L.  of 
Oxford.  In  1840  he  returned  to  Sydney ; 
in  1844  he  was  elected  for  Port  Phillip, 
baton  its  being  intimated  that  his  vote 
as  a  Government  officer  was  required  to 
be  given  in  favour  of  the  Government,  he 
resigned  his  seat.  In  1845  he  started  on 
his  fourth  expedition,  to  explore  tropical 
Australia,  in  which  he  explored  the  Bal- 
onne,  and  discovered  Fitzroy  Downs,  the 
Maranoa,  the  Belyando,  the  Warrego,  and 
Ae  Victoria.  In  1851  he  was  sent  to  re- 
port on  the  Bathurst  goldfields.  On  his 
first  visit  to  England  he  had  taken  with 
him  a  large  collection  of  specimens,  amongst 
which  was  the  first  gold  given  him  by  the 
shepherd  Macgregor,  and  the  first  diamond 
discovered  in  the  country,  presented  to 
him  bv  Mr.  Thomas  Hale.  In  1853 
he  again  visited  England,  and  patented 
the  boomerang  propeller  for  steamers  -,  he 
published  a  trigonometrical  survey  of  Port 
Jackson,  and  a  translation  of  "The  Lusi- 
ad''  by  Camoens.  He  married,  in  181^, 
the  eldest  daughter  of  Greneral  Blunt. 
He  died  at  his  residence,  Carthona,  Darling 
Point,  October  5,  1855.  [See  Explora- 
woss.] 

MITCHELL,  Lady  (Knight's  widow), 
oUest  daughter  of  General  Blunt,  Colonel 
of  the  66th  Foot.  Married,  1818,  Colonel 
Sir  Thomas  Livingstone  Mitchell,  D.C.L, 
who  died  1855.  Besides  in  Macleay- 
•fcrect,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 

MITCHELL,  BoDEBiCK,  second  son  of 
Sir  Thomas  L.  Mitchell,  bom  at  Sand- 
hurst, January  26,  1824,  was  educated  by 
Mr.  C<4)e  and  Mr.  Bowles,  and  in  1838 


went  to  study  at  the  University  of  Dui-ham 
as  an  engineer.  He  passed  his  examination 
as  a  surveyor  in  a  highly  creditable  man> 
ner ;  was  employed  in  surveying  the  coast 
range  to  the  north  of  New  England ;  made 
a  Magistrat-e  and  Commissioner  of  Crown 
Lands  for  Liverpool  Plains.  The  good 
terms  on  which  he  existed  with  the  abori- 
ginals were  extremely  useful  to  his  father's 
exploring  expedition  to  the  North,  and 
the  same  circumstance  caused  him  to  be 
appointed  to  command  the  projected  ex- 
pedition in  search  of  Leichhardt^  but  in 
the  passage  from  Newcastle  he  fell  over* 
board  and  waji  drowned,  August  28, 1852. 
MITCHELL,  Hon.  Sir  William  Henry 
Fancourt,  MLC,  Kt.-Bachelob  (1875), 
President  of  the  Victorian  Legislative  Coun- 
cil, son  of  Rev.  Creorge  Mitchell,  Vicar  of  St 
Mary's  and  All  Saints,  Leicester,  and  Chap- 
lain to  his  late  Boyal  Highness  the  Duke 
of  York.  He  arrived  in  Tasmania  at  a  very 
early  age,  and  for  a  time  filled  the  office  of 
Acting  Colonial  Secretary..  Came  to  Vic- 
toria (then  Port  Phillip)  about  1840,  and 
engaged  in  squatting  pursuits,  taking  up 
country  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Kyne- 
ton.  At  the  time  of  the  first  gold  dis- 
coveries, when  the  police  were  in  a  very 
disorganised  state,  lieutenant-Govemor 
Latrobe  offered  him  the  Chief  Commis- 
sionership  of  Police,  with  almost  un- 
limited  powers  of  action,  and  the  result 
was  that  after  a  time  a  tolerably  efficient 
force  was  created.  He  introduced  the 
cadet  system,  by  promising  a  number  of 
dashing  young  fellows  commissions  and 
outfits  as  police  cadets,  on  their  passing 
through  a  successful  probation  in  hunting 
bushrangers  and  doing  escort  duty,  <&a 
Bushranging  was  by  this  means,  to  a  great 
extent  stamped  out.  Captain  (now  Sir) 
Charles  Macmahon  was  appointed  by  the 
Chief  Commissioner  as  h^id  of  the  city 
police,  and  on  Mr.  Mitchell  going  home 
on  leave  of  absence,  Captain  Macmahon 
succeeded  him  as  Acting  Chief  Commis- 
sioner. On  his  return  in  September,  1856| 
he  entered  political  life,  and  was  elected 
to  the  Legislative  Council  as  one  of  the 
five  original  Members  for  the  North- 
western Province,  and  is  still  a  Mem* 
ber  for  the  same  Province,  having  been 
several    times    reelected    on    acceptance 


140 


M'LAREN— MOORR 


of  office  and  on  retirement  hj  rota- 
tion. He  was  Postmaster-General  from 
April,  1857,  to  March,  1858,  during 
which  time  his  long  official  training  and 
experience  enabled  him  to  effect  an  almost 
toted  reorganisation  of  the  department. 
He  was  Commissioner  for  Railways  from 
December,  1861,  until  June,  1863.  In 
March,  1869,  he  was  elected  Chairman  of 
Committees  of  the  Legislative  Council, 
and  retained  that  office  until  the  retire- 
ment of  Sir  James  Palmer  from  the 
Presidency,  consequent  on  the  vacation  of 
his  seat  ifbr  the  Western  Province  by 
effluxion  of  time,  and  in  October,  1870, 
Mr.  Mitchell  was  elected  President  In 
1875  he  received  the  honour  of  knighthood. 

M'LAREN,  David,  first  Manager  of  the 
South  Australian  Company,  Adelaide,  was 
bom  in  1786,  in  Perth,  Scotland,  and 
after  attending  a  private  school  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Glasgow  University.  Owing 
to  hea^  losses  sustained  by  his  father  he 
entered  into  business  comparatively  late  in 
life,  and  was  appointed  by  the  interest  of 
Mr.  G.  F.  Angas  to  the  managership  of 
the  South  Australian  Company,  which  at 
that  time  included  the  business  of  the 
Bank  of  South  Australia  as  well  as  the 
land  and  stock,  shipping  and  commercial 
business  of  the  Company.  He  arrived  in 
the  colony  by  the  barque  "  South  Austra- 
lian "in  1837.  The  first  wharf  at  Port 
Adelaide  was  commenced  by  him  and  still 
bears  his  name.  In  1840  he  resigned  the 
management  of  the  Company. 

M*LERIE,  John,  was  bom  in  Ayrshire, 
in  the  year  1809,  and  educated  at 
Caithness ;  whilst  a  young  man  entered 
the  Fusileer  Guards  as  a  private.  During 
his  early  service  he  was  appointed  an 
orderly  clerk  in  the  War  Office,  and  sub- 
sequently, in  1838,  he  was  promoted 
to  an  Ensigncy,  and  was  attached  as  Ad- 
jutant to  the  58th  regiment,  just  returned 
from  India  :  he  successfully  restored  its 
discipline  and  efficiency.  In  1844  he 
came  out  to  Tasmania,  and  then  to  Syd- 
ney ;  in  1845  distinguished  himself  in 
the  Maori  war.  In  1847,  on  his  return  to 
Sydney,  he  left  the  Army  to  be  Paymaster 
and  Adjutant  of  the  Mounted  Patrol.  In 
1849  he  was  principal  Gaoler  at  Darling- 
hurst^  and,  in  1850,  Police  Magistrate  of 


Sydney  and  Superintendent  of  Police.  In 
1856  he  was  appointed  Inspector^jenenl 
of  Police.  In  this  position  he  reorganised 
the  Force,  and  eventually  succeeded  in 
the  suppression  of  bushranging.  He  died 
after  a  short  illness,  October  6,  1874. 

MCMILLAN,  Angus,  the  discoverer  of 
Gippsland,  was  bom  at  Glenbrittle,  Skye, 
in  1810 ;  arrived  in  Sydney  in  1830. 
Resided  on  several  stations — ^notably,  Mr. 
M'Farlane's  and  Mr.  M'Alister's,  Curra- 
wang,  Manaro.  He  started  on  May  1, 
1839.  from  Currawang  and  discovered 
Gippsland-Lakes,  from  the  top  of  a  moun- 
tain which  he  named  Mount  M'Leod 
(now  Haystack).  He  returned  to  Cuira- 
wang,  and  again  started  with  a  party 
provided  by  M'Farlane  and  M^Alister, 
thoroughly  exploring  the  country  he  had 
discovered,  and  named  the  Nicholson,  Mit- 
chell, Avon,  M'Alister,  Thomson,  Glen- 
garry, and  Tangil  Rivers,  calling  the 
country  "  Caledonia  Austndis." 

MOLESWORTH,  Hon.  Robert,  one 
of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
colony  of  Victoria,  a  son  of  Hukman  Blaney 
Molesworth,  Esq.,  a  cadet  of  the  family 
of  Viscount  Molesworth,  of  SwordB 
county,  Dublin,  was  bom  in  Dublin, 
November  3,  1816 ;  educated  there, 
and  entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
where  he  gained  a  scholarship,  and  was 
second  for  the  gold  medal  and  ot^er 
honours ;  was  called  to  the  Bar  1 828 ;  joined 
the  Munster  Circuit,  and  practised  in  the 
Courts  until  1852,  when  he  emigrated  to 
Adelaide  ;  in  the  year  following  he  went  to 
Melbourne,  and  was  ^t  once  admitted  to 
the  Victorian  Bar ;  in  that  year  he  was 
for  a  short  time  Acting  Chief  Justice, 
during  the  absence,  on  leave,  of  Sir 
William  A'Beckett,  and  became  Solicitor- 
Greneral  January  4,  1854  ;  was  created  a 
Judge,  June  17,  1856,  and  has  since  pre- 
sided over  the  Equity  Court. 

MOORE,  Charles,  was  bom  in  Dun- 
dee, in  1820,  and  educated  there  until  1834, 
and  afterwards  at  Dublin ;  was  appointed 
Botanist  to  the  Ordnance  G«ologi(»l  Sur- 
vey of  Ireland,  and  retained  the  oflBce 
until  the  department  was  disbanded; 
obtained  his  botanical  education  at  the 
Royal  Botanical  Gardens  at  •  Kew  and  in 
Dublin.     In  1847,   received   his  present 


MOORHOUSE— MORGAN 


Ul 


appointment  as  Director  of  the  Botanic 
GudenSy  Sjdnej ;  arrived  in  the  colony 
Jan.  14,  1848;  visited  Europe  a  few  years 
ago ;  published  many  valuable  reporte, 

MOORHOUSE,  Right  Rev.  Jahes, 
D.D.,  Bishop  of  Melbourne,  bom  in 
Sheffield,  Yorkshire,  in  1826,  son  of  a 
highly  respected  merchant  in  that  tovm ; 
was  primarily  educated  by  a  private 
tutor,  and  afterwards  entered  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  graduated 
senior  optime  in  1853,  and  was  ordained 
in  the  same  year.  He  next  acted  as  a 
curate  of  St.  Neots,  and  in  1855  re- 
tnmed  to  Sheffield  as  curate  to  Dr.  Sale, 
▼hose  daughter  he  married  in  1861.  Dr. 
Moorhouse  soon  afterwards  became  curate 
to  Canon  Harvey,  rector  of  Homsey ;  and 
in  1862  was  appointed  to  the  incumbency 
of  St  John's,  Fitzroynsquare.  Three 
Tears  later  he  was  Hulsean  lecturer  at 
Cambridge,  and  in  1867  was  promoted 
to  the  highly  important  vicarage  of  Pad- 
dington,  where  he  exercised  a  very  unusual 
amoimt  of  influence,  and  was  productive 
of  a  large  amount  of  good.  In  the 
following  year  he  became  rural  dean  of 
Paddington,  and  in  1874  had  the  dis- 
tinguished honour  of  acting  as  Chaplain 
in  Ordinary  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen ; 
also  became  a  prebendary  of  St.  Patd's. 
He  had  previously  been  Warburtonian 
lecturer,  and  several  times  preached 
before  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
Early  in  1875,  Dr.  Moorhouse  was  appoint- 
ed to  succeed  Dr.  Perry  as  Bishop  of  Mel- 
bourne, on  the  resignation  of  that  prelate. 
He  was 'most  cordially  received  in  Mel- 
bourne, where  his  undoubted  talent  was  at 
once  recognised,  and  he  has  become  a  great 
iarourite  all  over  the  colony.  In  a  recent 
series  of  lectures  delivered  by  him  in  Mel- 
bourne, on  '^Messianic  Prophecies, ''  he  evinc- 
ed deep  biblical  reading  and  very  thoughtful 
study.  He  has  several  times  appeared  in 
print,  and  amongst  the  more  important  of 
m  publications  may  be  mentioned  "Nature 
and  Revelation,"  "  Four  Sermons  preached 
before  the  University  of  Cambridge," 
1861 ;  « Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  the  Sub- 
J€ct  of  Growth  in  Wisdom;"  "Hulsean 
Lectures,"  1865;  "Three  Lectures  deli- 
vered before  the  Cambridge  University," 
1870.    He  is  a  powerful  preacher  and  a 


most  eloquent  lecturer ;  his  sermons  are 
attended  by  members  of  various  religious 
denominations,  and  his  lectures  command 
general  attention  for  their  broad  views 
and  liberal  spirit  He  has  written  some 
powerful  and  liberal  addresses  on  theatrical 
and  other  public  amusements.  His  recently 
delivered  address  (1879)  on  the  opening  of 
the  Public  Library  and  Picture  GaUery  on 
Sundays  was  a  masterly  piece  of  oratory. 

MOREHEAD,  Boyd  Duio^op,  M.L  A., 
was  bom  in  Sydney,  August,  1843;  edu- 
cated by  Mr.  Cape,  Rev.  W.  H.  Langley, 
and  at  the  Sydney  Grammar  School. 
Was  in  England  for  twelve  months  in 
1858  and  1859.  He  matriculated  at  the 
Sydney  University  in  1860,  and  was  then 
for  more  than  three  years  a  clerk  in  the 
Bank  of  New  South  Wales.  He  then  took 
to  bush  life.  In  1866  he  went  to  Queens- 
land, and  was  Lispector  of  Stations  for 
the  Scottish  Australian  Livestment  Com- 
pany until  the  end  of  1873,  when  he 
started  in  business  in  Brisbane.  In  1871 
he  was  returned  for  the  MitcheU  district, 
Queensland  (in  the  squatting  interest), 
which  he  still  represents. 

MORGAN,  Hon.  William,  arrived 
in  South  Austndia,  February,  1849,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  principally  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  first 
elected  to  the  Legislative  Council  in  1867, 
being  second  on  the  polL  He  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  deliberations  of  that 
body,  and  has  had  considerable  influence 
in  its  conduct  of  business.  In  1871  he 
was  appointed  by  the  Government  of  that 
day  one  of  the  Conference  ta  represent 
South  Australia  in  Melbourne,  the  object 
of  the  Conference  being  to  agree  amongst 
the  various  Australian  Colonies  on  some 
united  plan  for  a  mail  service  with  Great 
Britain,  and  to  agree  to  a  treaty  between 
New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  and  South 
Australia,  on  the  subject  of  the  Murray 
duties.  On  the  defeat  of  the  Blythe 
Ministry,  in  June,  1875,  he  joined  Mr. 
Boucaut  as  Chief  Secretary,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  propounding  the  public 
works  policy  of  that  gentleman  ; — ^a  policy 
which  is  still  being  advantageously  car- 
ried into  effect.  In  consequence  of  the 
demands,  at  that  time,  of  his  private 
business,  Mr.  Morgan  resigned  the  Chief 


142 


MORPHETT— MORRia 


Secretaryship  of  the  first  Boucaut  Ministry 
in  March  1876.  During  the  recent 
dispute  between  the  late  Chief  Secretary 
(Sir  Henry  Ayers)  and  the  Legisla- 
tive Council,  Mr.  Morgan  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Members  leader  of  the 
House,  and  on  the  resignation  of  the 
Colton  Ministry,  in  consequence  of  an  ad- 
verse vote  in  the  House  of  Assembly^  Mr. 
Morgan  after  some  deliberation  joined 
Mr.  Boucaut  as  Chief  Secretary,  in  the 
formation  of  the  Boucaut  Ministry.  On 
Sept.  27,  1878,  Mr.  Boucaut  resigned 
and  accepted  the  office  of  Chief  Justice, 
and  the  Ministry  was  reconstructed,  Mr. 
Morgan  becoming  Premier  and  retaining 
the  Chief  Secretaryshipi 

MORPHETT,  Sir  John,  Knt.,  Ade- 
laide, South  Australia,  bom  May  4, 1809,  in 
Lond<Hi,  where  he  was  educated  in  private 
schools.  At  the  age  of  27,  he  left  England 
for  the  newly  estabUshed  Colony  of  South 
Australia,  and  landed  from  the  barque 
"  Cygnet"  September  11,1 836.  For  some 
years  Mr.  Morphett  engaged  in  mercantile 
business.  On  the  establishment  of  the 
first  Legislative  Council  for  the  colony, 
he  was,  June  15,  1843,  nominated  by 
the  Crown  as  one  of  its  Members.  In 
1851,  under  the  change  of  Constitution, 
when  the  Council  was  formed  partly  of 
elective  Members,  Mr.  Morphett  again 
took  his  seat  as  one  of  the  nominees  of 
the  Crown,  and  in  the  same  year  was 
elected  to  the  Speaker's  Chair.  On  the 
establishment  of  the  new  Constitution, 
giving  Representative  Government  to  the 
colony  in  1857,  Mr.  Morphett  was  elected 
a  Member  of  the  Legislative  Council  (the 
Upper  House)  by  the  votes  of  the  electors, 
for  eight  years;  was  re-elected  in  1865, 
and  appointed  President  of  the  Council 
on  the  retirement  of  Sir  James  Hurtle 
Fisher.  He  held  office  until  1873,  when 
he  retired  by  effluxion  of  time  and  did  not 
seek  re-election.  He  received  the  honour 
of  knighthood  from  Her  Majesty  in  the 
year  1870.  Sir  John  Morphett  has  for 
many  years  been  one  of  the  leading  public 
men  of  South  Australia,  and  amongst 
other  things  is  a  great  patron  of  the  turf. 
MORRIS,  Henry  Thomas,  J.  P., 
Aulaby,  South  Australia,  bom  at  Graves- 
end,     in     1823, '  was    educated    at    the 


Commercial  School  in  that  town.  He 
arrived  in  the  colony  on  Dec.  28,  1836, 
inH  M.  a  "Bufl&do"  with  his  unde, 
Captain  John  Hindmarsh,  R.  N.,  the  first 
Governor  of  South  Australia,  and  was 
present  at  the  proclamation  of  the  colony 
as  a  British  Province  on  the  same  day 
For  the  two  following  years  he  completed 
his  studies  under  the  Rev.  T.  Q.  Stow,  in 
company  with  that  gentleman's  sons,  the 
late  Judge  Stow  and  his  brothers.  In 
1843  he  took  up  land  at  Encounter 
Bay  and  establiahed  a  catde  station, 
and  was  afterwards  a  pioneer  settler  at 
Guichen  Bay,  where  he  also  had  a  cattle 
station,  which  he  sold  in  1850,  and  went  to 
the  California  diggings,  whence  he  re- 
turned in  1853,  and  in  the  following  year 
was  appointed  Government  Inspector  of 
Sheep.  In  1855  he  was  promoted  to  the 
Chief  Inspectorship,  which  office  he  held 
for  thirteen  years.  During  that  time  he 
had  the  satisfaction,  by  skilful  management 
and  untiring  energy  in  carrying  out  his 
duties,  of  entirely  freeing  the  flocks  of  the 
colony  from  scab.  In  1863  he  received 
from  over  eighty  of  the  piincipal  squatters 
a  testimonial  accompanied  by  a  handsome 
gold  wateh  suitably  inscribed,  and  a  purse 
of  600  sovereigns.  During  his  tenure  of 
office  he  was  specially  appointed  by  the 
Grovemment  to  value  all  the  runs  under 
lease  in  the  colony,  the  previous  valuation 
by  Colonel  Freeling  the  Surveyor  General 
not  having  been  considered  satisfactory. 
This  was  a  very  difficult  and  arduous  task, 
involving  journeys  of  6,500  miles,  chiefly 
on  horseback,  which  was  accomplished  in 
thirteen  months.  For  this  service  Parlia- 
ment voted  him  the  sum  of  £400.  Mr. 
Morris  has  held  several  other  important 
public  positions.  Member  of  the  Central 
Board  of  Main  Roads,  first  Chairman  of 
the  Midland  district  of  Main  Roads, — 
a  position  he  still  holds;  first  Chairman 
of  the  Hamilton  District  Council,  and 
also  of  the  Julia  District  Council,  which 
appointment  he  also  retains;  member  of 
the  Board^  of  Advice  under  the  Eilucation 
Board  ;  for  many  years  President  of  the 
Kapunda  and  Light  Agricultural  Society. 
He  has  been  repeatedly  asked  to  come  for- 
ward to  represent  a  constituency  in  Parlia- 
ment, but  has  always  declined.     In  1865 


MOST. 


143 


he  undertook  tho  management  of  the 
property  of  F.  BL  Button,  Esq.  at  Aulaby, 
one  of  tlie  finest  estates  in  South  Austra- 
lia, comprising  nearly  80,000  acres  of  pur- 
chased land  and  60,000  sheep,  besides  an 
extensive  ran  near  Lake  Eyre.  Mr.  Morris 
still  holds  this  appointment,  and  resides  at 
Aukby. 

MORT,  Thomas  Sutclipfe,  was  bom 
in  Bolton,  Lancashire,  England,  December 
'23,  1816.    At  an  early  age  he  entered  the 
wwehouse  of  Messrs.  A.  and  S.  Henry,  of 
Manchester,  and  was  recommended  by  that 
firm,  on  application  being  made  to  them 
for  a   trustworthy   young   derk,   to    be 
sent  to  Australia.     Jbie  arrived  in  Sydney 
in   1838,    under    engagement   to  Aspin- 
wall,  Browu  and  Co.     From  this  time  to 
that  of  his   death,    in   1878,   Mr.   Mort 
was  more  or  less  identified  with  nearly 
every  movement  for  the  advancement  of 
New  South  Wales,  and  by  his  business 
talents,     indomitable     enterprise,    public 
spirit,     and     high     character,     exercised 
a  great    power    for    the    general    good. 
Down  to  1843,  Mr.  Mort  remained  in  the 
employment  of  the  firm  we  have  named, 
and  of  their  successors,  Gfosling,  Brown, 
and  Co., acting  as  clerk  and  salesman.     In 
1841.  Mr.   Mort  ventured  upon  his  first 
speculation  of  any  consequence,  becoming 
a  shareholder  in  the  ^'Hunter  River  Steam 
Navigation   Company."     This  afterwards 
became  the   *< Australasian  Steam  Navi- 
gation   Company,''  and  another  Hunfcer 
River  Company  was  started,  retaining  the 
old  title.     In  1843  the  terrible  commercial 
crisis  which  had  set  in  proved  fatal  to  his 
employers,  and    Mort  was    left  to  face 
the  world  afresh.     With  many  assurances 
of    support,     he    determined    to    begin 
hasuieas  as  an  auctioneer.     Withdrawing 
himself  from  society,   he  devoted  all  his 
energies  to  his  new  avocation,   working 
for  a  long  time  at  the  rate  of  fifteen  and 
even  eiirhteen  hours  a  day.     Yet  his  love 
of   ga^ening,    which  aaerwaxds    found 
scope  in  the  beautiful  grounds  of  Greenoaks, 
impelled  him  to  give  many  a  half -hour  by 
candlelight  to  a  small  plot  in  front  of  his 
cottage  at  Double  Bay.    Mr-  Mort  soon  put 
his  business  on  a  very  comprehensive  basis, 
and  to  him  belongs  the  credit  of  establish- 
ing the  first  public  wool  sales  in  Australia. 


In  1846,  his  increasing  success  enabled 
him  to  buy  two  or  three  sandhills  at 
Darling  Point,  upon  which  he  began  to 
try  his  talent  fof  landscape  gardening  and 
horticulture,  then  new  to  Sydney.  The 
visitor  now  sees  in  the  spacious  lawns  and 
noble  terraces  of  Greenoaks,  clad  in  richest 
verdure,  and  adorned  with  choice  plants 
and  trees,  a  triumph  of  taste  which  few 
colonial  residences  can  surpass.  In  1849, 
the  project  of  making  the  first  railway  in 
the  colony — from  Sydney  to  Parramatta — 
was  mooted,  and  Mr.  Mort  became  one  of 
the  promoters.  In  1851,  the  discovery 
of  gold  near  Bathurst  brought  a  great 
change  in  Australian  afiairs.  Mr.  Mort 
foresaw  that,  eventually,  the  staple  indus- 
try would  command  better  markets  than 
ever.  His  advice  saved  the  fortunes  of 
many  who  would  have  sold  out  at  any  price, 
and  made  the  fortunes  of  many  others 
whom  he  persuaded  to  invest  in  pastoral 
propierties.  At  the  same  time,  Mr.  Mort 
entered  with  the  greatest  energy  into 
many  new  openings  for  enterprise.  He 
formed  the  first  Company  for  the  working 
of  auriferous  lands.  It  was  called  "The 
Great  Nugget  Vein  Mining  Company." 
When  the  shareholders  became  dissatisfied, 
he  called  them  together,  and  offered  to  take 
their  shares  off  their  hands.  Such  was  the 
confidence  felt  in  him,  that  those  present 
refused  to  be  released  from  their  liability. 
Mr.  Mart's  fine  commercial  capability  and 
activity  had  now  placed  him  at  the  head 
of  a  business  of  the  first  magnitude, 
known  as  Mort  and  Company.  His 
talent  as  a  financier  was  in  those  eventful 
times  tasked  to  the  utmost.  In  1863 
amongst  other  useful  projects,  he  pro- 
moted the  introduction  of  steam-vessels 
for  the  harbour  and  coasting  trade.  Mr. 
Mort  also  commenced  excavations  for  a 
dock,  which  were  extended  until  there  was 
constructed  what  is  now  the  largest  private 
dry  dock  in  the  Southern  hemisphere. 
It  is  situated  at  the  head  of  Waterview 
Bay,  in  Port  Jackson,  and  is  almost  400 
feet  in  length,  being  entirely  cut  out  of 
the  solid  rock.  In  connection  with  it 
there  are  the  most  extensive  engineering 
works  in  the  colony,  with  "workshops 
covering  an  area  of  five  acres,  in  which 
when  at  full  work  700  hands  are  employed 


144 


MORT. 


in  tihe  iron  and  brass  foundries,  boiler, 
locomotive,  engine,  and  shipbuilding  works, 
comprised  in  this  important  concern. 
Most  of  the  locomotives  ^supplied  to  the 
Government  have  come  out  of  this 
establishment.  The  steamer  "Governor 
Blackall,"  of  500  tons,  was  also  constructed 
and  entirely  fitted  out  for  the  Government 
of  Queensland ;  and  the  steamers  "Thetis,'' 
"Ajax,"  and  "Captain  Cook"  for  New 
South  Wales."  The  whole  of  the  pro- 
perty is  now  vested  in  the  "  Mort's  Dock 
and  Engineering  Company,  Limited,"  in 
which  the  founder  sank  nearly  £100,000 
of  his  capital.  In  1873,  Mr.  Mort 
endeavoured  to  persuade  his  workmen  to 
become  his  fellow-shareholders  on  very 
favourable  terms,  his  purpose,  as  expressed 
by  himself,  being  "that  I  as  capitalist, 
and  you  as  workers,  should  be  bound 
together  by  a  common  tie,  with  the  cords 
of  a  common  interest."  Nearly  all  the 
foremen  became  shareholders.  In  1856, 
in  conjunction  with  Mr.  John  Hawdon, 
whom  he  bought  out  in  1860,  Mr.  Mort 
proceeded  to  grapple  with  the  most  diffi- 
cult and  vital  problem  of  Australian  pro- 
gress— ^rural  settlement — ^buying  about 
14,000  acres  of  land  in  the  district  of 
Moruya,  212  miles  south  of  Sydney,  on 
the  Tuross  River,  and  near  the  coast. 
This  estate,  upon  which  Mr.  Mort  spent 
from  time  to  time  upwards  of  jB  100, 000, 
is  called  "  Bodalla."  It  carries  on  the 
most  extensive  dairying  operations  in  the 
colonies,  and  gives  stc^y  employment  to 
quite  a  village  on  the  property.  The  best 
English  grasses  have  been  laid  down,  and 
have  taken  kindly  to  the  soil'  Bodalla 
cheese  and  bacon  are  placed  on  a  par  with 
the  "best  English,"  and  the  demand  is 
alwsiys  greater  than  the  supply,  though 
this  is  considerable.  The  returns  are 
very  large,  and  the  investment  yields  a 
handsome  profit  This  model  estate  is 
provLQg  of  immense  public  advantage, 
being  imitated  by  many  who  make  useful 
fanners  when  a  pioneer  has  shown  them  the 
way.  The  beauty  of  Bodalla^  which  now 
includes  an  area  of  38,000  acres,  has  often 
been  extolled  by  visitors  from  all  parts  of 
the  world.  This  was  the  favourite  resort 
of  Mr.  Mort  in  the  later  years  of  his  life. 
He  was  always  happy  in  devising  new 


improvements,  and  in  promoting  the  welfare 
of  the  population  who  lived  upon  the  froitB 
of  his  enterprise.  Here  he  breathed  his 
last,  and  here  in  a  spot  selected  by  himself, 
he  was  interred,  amidst  the  grief  of  his 
family,  and  the  tears  of  hundreds  of  his 
dependants.  The  intense  strain  upon  Mr. 
Mort's  powers,  during  the  six  or  seven 
years  after  the  gold  discovery,  made  it 
necessary  that  he  should  seek  rest  and 
change  of  scene,  and  in  1857  he  sailed  for 
England,  where  he  remained  until  1859^ 
living  very  quietly.  During  that  visit, 
Mr.  Mort  gathered  a  collection  of  paint- 
ings by  a  variety  of  the  old  masters,  which 
upon  his  return  to  the  colony,  were 
arranged  in  the  picture  gallery  of  Green- 
oaks,  and  thrown  open  to  the  public  He 
also  from  this  time  devoted  much  atten- 
tion to  the  introduction  of  various  rural 
industries,  such  as  the  cultivation  of  silk, 
cotton,  and  sugar.  Upon  the  last-named 
he  spent  nearly  £20,000.  From  1859  to 
1863  he  was  much  harassed  by  an  action  at 
law  which  was  known  as  thecaseof  "Went- 
worth  V.  Lloyd,"  arising  out  of  the  sale  of 
some  stations  by  plaintiff  to  defendant 
through  Mr.  Mort  Mr.  Wentworth  moved 
to  have  the  sale  declared  void,  on  the  ground 
that  the  auctioneer  took  an  interest  in  it 
not  previously  known  to  the  vendor.  Mr. 
Mort's  defence  was,  that  his  share  in  the 
purchase  was  well  known  to  Mr.  Went- 
worth, and  publicly  also  at  the  tima  After 
close  contentions  in  the  local  Courts,  the 
cause  came  before  the  Master  of  the  Kolls, 
in  England,  who,  on  April  17,  1863, 
delivered  judgment  for  the  defendant, 
Lloyd,  entirely  clearing  Mr.  Mort  from  the 
imputation  raised  against  him.  Daring 
1862  and  1863  Mr.  Mort  took  a  leading 
part  in  the  formation  of  the  afterwards 
celebrated  Peak  Downs  (Queensland)  Cop- 
per-mining Company,  and  the  Waratah 
Coal-mining  Company  (Newcastle,  N.  S.  W.) 
The  former  has  yielded  copper  worth  con- 
siderably more  than  £1,000,000  sterling, 
and  the  latter  is  now  one  of  the  largest 
collieries  in  Australia.  In  1867  Mr.  Mort 
became  a  partner  in  the  '.*Munn*s  Maizena" 
factory.  The  last  great  project  of  Mr. 
Mortis  life  was  the  transport  of  fresh  beef 
and  mutton  from  Australian  pastures  to 
the  meat  markets  of  Europe.      In  this 


MORT. 


146 


venture  the  capital  of  Mr.  Mort  -was  joined 
to  the  scientific  ability  of  Mr.  E.  D.  Nioolle, 
with  whom  he  had  previously  established 
Ice-works  in  Sydney.  In  1843,  Mr.  Mort 
tried  to  establish  an  export  trade  in  beef 
cured  in  the  ordinary  way.  The  project 
now  was  to  land  the  meat  as  sound  and 
fresh,  and  natural  in  appearance,  as  if 
it  had  been  killed  at  the  place  of  deUvery. 
Mr.  Mortis  knowledge  of  the  prospects 
of  pastoral  industry  enabled  him  to  fore- 
cast a  magnificent  future  for  a  trade  of 
this  sort  Mr.  NicoUe's  experiments  were 
constant^  and  he  received  from  Mr.  Mort 
a  generous  confidence  which  placed  all  this 
gentleman's  resources  at  his  disposal.  The 
first  point  was  to  invent  a  cheap  means  of 
producing  artificial  cold,  and  this  difficulty 
was  after  many  trials  overcome  by  the 
experimentalists  in  discovering  the  possi- 
bilitT  of  the  repeated  use  of  the  same 
ammonia.  In  this  respect  also  Messrs. 
Mort  and  Nicolle  went  ahead  of  Euro- 
pean science.  According  to  the  first  au- 
thorities in  the  old  world,  "meat  frozen 
was  meat  spoiled."  But  partial  freezing, 
it  was  foimd,  would  never  do,  the  meat 
Warae  so  rapidly  bad  when  exposed.  Mr. 
Nicolle  at  last  demonstrated  that  in  Aus- 
tralia at  any  rate,  m^t  could  be  thoroughly 
frozen, — ^that  its  quality  was  not  thus 
injured, — and  that  it  kept  longer  after 
thawing  than  did  other  meat  after  being 
killed.  This  was  another  decided  advance 
upon  old  world  science.  Feeling  con- 
vinced that  the  results  of  Mr.  NicoUe's 
experiments  in  this  particular  had  made 
the  project  practicable,  Mr.  Mort  entered 
upon  it  with  enthusiasm.  A  large  es- 
tablishment rose  upon  the  margin  of 
l^rling  Harbour,  in  a  southern  extremity 
of  Port  Jackson,  and  it  was  connected 
with  the  Government  railways.  Costly 
machinery,  in  duplicate,  was  erected,  and 
the  "  freezing  chfunber"  was  covered  with 
five  miles  of  iron  piping,  through  which 
the  liquid  ammonia  was  kept  in  drcu- 
^on.  A  series  of  most  interesting 
experiments'  showed  that  the  freezing 
power  could  be  successfully  applied  to 
g&me,  fish,  and  various  sorts  of  fruit,  as 
▼ell  as  live  stock ;  and  it  was  a  novel 
sensation  to  find  oneself  suddenly  trans- 
ferred from  the  sultry  atmosphere  of  an 


Australian  summer's  day  into  a  region  oi 
ice  and  snow,  abounding  in  oxen  and  sheep, 
poultry,  wild  game,  and  fish,  butter  and 
milk,  all  as  hwi  as  rock,  their  natural 
qualities  kept  in  complete  suspension  until 
the  time  should  come  to  thaw,  cook,  and 
consume  them.  The  belief  that  the  process 
injured  their  quality  was  shown  over  and 
over  again  to  be  unfounded.  Mr.  Mort 
then  erected  slaughter-houses  in  the  Lith- 
gow  Valley,  amongst  the  Blue  Mountains, 
on  the  Great  Western  line  of  Railway, 
96  miles  from  Sydney.  This  site  was 
chosen  to  save  the  cattle  the  journey 
over  the  mountains,  which  much  injured 
their  quality.  The  buildings  and  yards 
were  on  the  most  complete  plan  conceiv- 
able. When  both  iestabligQiments  were 
finished  Mr.  Mort  invited,  on  September 
2,  1875,  a  large  number  of  colonists  to 
an  excursion  to  Lithgow  Valley,  begin- 
ning with  an  insjiection  of  the  freezing 
works  at  Darling  Harbour.  The  party 
proceeded  by  special  train  from  the  fi^ez- 
ing  works  to  the  Valley,  and  there  sat 
down  to  a  luncheon  composed  of  varieties 
of  fish,  game,  and  meat,  all  of  which  had 
been  frozen  for  considerable  periods 
before  being  cooked.  The  whole  repast 
was  a  thorough  success,  and  congratula- 
tions were  showered  upon  the  Chairman 
and  Mr.  Nicolle  from  all  sidea  The 
Premier,  Mr.  John  Robertson,  made  a 
speech  full  of  laudation  on  the  undertaking. 
Mr.  John  Hay  proposed  "Success  to  the 
enterprise,"  in  terms  similarly  enthusi- 
astic. In  replying  to  these  congratulatory 
speeches,  Mr.  Mort  said — "There  shall 
be  no  more  waste !  Yes,  gentlemen, 
I  now  feel  that  the  time  has  arrived,  or  at 
all  events  is  not  far  distant,  when  the 
various  portions  of  the  earth  will  give 
forth  their  products  for  the  use  of  each 
and  all ;  that  the  over-abundance  of  one 
country  shall  make  up  for  the  deficiency  of 
another ;  the  super-abundance  of  the  year 
of  plenty  serving  for  the*  scant  harvests  of 
its  successor,  for  cold  arrests  all  change 
(cheers).  Science  has  drawn  aside  the 
veil,  and  the  plan  stands  revealed. 
Fai^ay's  magic  wand  gave  the  key-note, 
and  invention  has  done  the  rest  (dieers). 
Climate,  seasons,  plenty,  scarcity,  distance 
will   all  shake  hands,   and    out   of    the 


146 


MUELLER 


(XMnmingliiig  will  come  enough  for  all ;  for 
<  the  earth  is  the  Lord's  and  the  fulness 
tkereof,'  and  it  is  certainly  within  the  com- 
pass  of  man  to  ensure  that  all  His  people 
shall  be  partakers  of  that  fulness."  (Con- 
tinued cheetv).  Some  time  after  this  the 
final  stage  was  attempted,  the  '^  Northam  " 
being  fitted  up  for  the  reception  of  a  cai^ 
of  frozen  beef  and  mutton  for  the  L(mdon 
market.  The  squatters  of  the  Colonies 
subscribed  £20,000  towards  the  experi- 
ment, Mr.  Mort  having  already  sunk  in  the 
enterprise  about  £80,000.  Unfortunately 
Mr.  NicoUe  failed  for  a  time  in  the  last  of  a 
brilliant  series  of  inventions,  for  themetalof 
the  machinery  proved  unable  to  withstand 
the  action  of  the  chemical  agent  employed. 
The  exhaustion  of  a  life  of  enormous 
activity,  a  previous  severe  illness,  and  this 
bitter  disappointment,  left  Mr.  Mort 
unable  to  grapple  again  with  the  imder- 
taking  so  near  his  heart,  that  had  been 
brought  to  the  brink  of  success  which  others 
will  now  be  able  to  realise.  As  it  is,  the 
works  at  Darling  Harbour  continue  to 
supply  Sydney  with  ice,  ihe  machinery 
making  the  maximum  result  of  unit  of 
oold  for  unit  of  heat,  one  ton  of  fuel  pro- 
ducing from  20  to  25  tons  of  ice.  Mr. 
Mort  also  took  advantage  of  the  connection 
of  the  works  with  the  railway,  to  establish 
a  daily  supply  of  pure  country  milk,  at 
the  lowest  possible  rates,  and  this  has 
effected  a  great  reform,  reducing  the  price 
and  increasing  the  quality  of  this  article  of 
daily  necessity.  He  had  also  arranged  for 
a  depot  of  '*  cooked  dishes,'*  that  would 
bring  the  best  cookery,  and  a  variety  of 
wholesome  food  within  the  reach  of  the 
working  classea  Whilst  staying  at  BodaUa, 
a  few  months  after  the  break-down  of  the 
machinery  put  on  board  the  "  Northam," 
Mr.  Mort  caught  a  cold  at  a  funeral,  and 
after,  a  severe  illness  he  died  peacefully  on 
May  9,  1878,  in  his  63rd  year.  He  was 
buried  in  the  heart  of  the  beautiful  home- 
stead which  he  had  created  amidst  the  wilds 
of  Broulee.  Mr.  Mort  was  the  founder  of 
the  Funeral  Reform  Association  of  New 
South  Wales,  and,  in  accordance  with  his 
wishes,  his  burial  was  ordered  in  the  sim- 
plest fashion.  The  sad  event  inspired 
the  whole  community  with  sorrow.  He 
was  widely  mourned  as  the  noblest    of 


citizens  and  the  best  of  oolonists.  With 
one  accord  the  Press  enlarged  upon  ]m 
services  and  worth.  One  of  the  most 
influential  gatherings  ever  assembled  in 
Sydney  determined  to  perpetuate  his 
memory,  and  it  was  decided  to  erect  & 
statue.  Enough  money  was  soon  raised, 
and  ihe  work  has  been  entrusted  to  Mr. 
Connolly,  of  Florence.  This  will  be  the 
first  statue  erected  to  a  "  plain  citizen  "  at 
the  antipodes.  The  working  men  of 
Sydney  also  met  and  resolved  to  subscribe 
for  a  memorial  of  their  own,  in  remem- 
brance of  ''the  greatest  benefactor  the 
working  classes  in  this  country  ever  had." 
Mr.  Mort  often  wrote  to  the  news- 
papers on  matters  of  general  ooncem, 
and  was  a  good  speaker,  although  he 
avoided  the  platform  as  much  as  possible. 
His  sphere  was  rather  in  deeds  than  in 
words,  as  many  churches,  schools,  public 
societies,  charities,  and  hundreds  of  grateful 
families  can  testify.  For  a  man  of  so 
much  world-wisdom,  Mr.  Mort  showed 
remarkable  confidence  in  the  integrity  of 
others,  and  this,  with  his  afiable  manners, 
and  unaffected  zeal  for  their  welfare, 
endeared  him  to  the  large  bodies  of  work- 
men whom  he  employed.  He  was  twice 
married,  first  in  1841  to  Miss  Laidlej, 
who  died  in  1869 ;  and  secondly  to  Miss 
Macaulay,  who  survives  him.  By  the  first 
marriage  there  were  five  sons  and  two 
daughters,  and  by  the  second  two  sons, 
all  of  whom  are  alive. 

MUELLER,  Baron  Ferdinand  vos, 
C.M.G.,  M.D.,  P.H.D.,  F.RS.,  was  bom  in 
Rostock,  on  the  Baltic  Sea,  in  1825.  He 
studiedin  Kiel,  and  went toSouth  Australis 
to  seek  a  warmer  dime  against  the  effects 
of  hereditary  phthisis.  Having  been  en- 
gaged previously  for  seven  years  in  the 
investigation  of  the  plants  of  Schleswig 
and  Holstein,  he  followed  the  same  pursuit 
with  ardour  in  Australia,  and  traversed 
nearly  all  the  settled  districts  of  the 
colony  until  1852,  when  he  accepted  the 
position  of  Grovemment  Botanist.  From 
1853  to  1855  he  travelled  extensively  for 
botanic  investigations,  chiefly  through  the 
colonial  territory,  instituting  also  many 
geographic  explorations  in  the  then  largely 
untraversed  Australian  Alps.  Li  1855 
and  1856  he  acoompanied,  as  Naturalist 


MUIE. 


147 


Mr,  A^C  Grregory  during  his  Beventeen 
months'  expedition  through  tropical  Aus- 
tnlia,  and  returned  to  Melbourne  to  as- 
some  the  Directorship  of  the  Botanical 
Gttdens,  which  he  soon  raised  to  one  of 
the  leading,  amongst  similar)  institutions  of 
the  globe;  The  first  palm-house  in  Aus- 
tnlia  was  built  bj  him  in  1858  ;  he  was 
the  fint  to  raise  the  great  Victoria  jRegia 
water-lily ;  he  reared  foreign  forest  trees 
by  hondreds  of  thousands,  so  as  subse- 
quently to  be  distributed  through  the  colo- 
nial public  botanic  institutions ;  he  brought 
numerous  new  native  resources  before  the 
great  Exhibitions,  of  several  of  which,  as 
far  bock  as  1855,  he  was  one  of  the  local 
Comiiii8sioiier8.  Meanwhile,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  writing  extensive  descriptive 
works  Qsx  the  plants  of  Australia,  amongst 
which  his  ''Fragmenta  Phytographiss 
Austrahs"  (now  ten  volumes)  was  destined 
to  be  a  receptacle  of  definitions  <^  all  the 
new  plants  which  he  himself  or  his  corre- 
spondents discovered.  It  is  the  only  work 
aa  vet  written  in  Latin  in  Australia. 
He  issued  also  an  enlarged  English  edition 
of  Wettslein's  '*  Organic  Chemistry  of 
Fknts'' ;  also  two  volumes,  largely  illus- 
trated, on  the  plants  of  Victoria ;  pub- 
lications on  the  vegetable  fossils  of  the 
gokl-drifts,  and  a  volume  on  industrial 
plants ;  and,  irrespective  of  these,  numer- 
ous smaller  essays  and  reports,  a  list  of 
which  was  recently  given  in  an  Australian 
scientific  journal,  amounting  to  152  publi- 
cations. In  1863  he  joined  Mr.  Bentham, 
the  greatest  living  phytograf^er,  in  a  full 
elaboration  of  the  univenal  flora  of  Aus- 
tralia, for  which  his  material  was  larger 
than  all  others  since  Sir  J.  Banks's  time. 
More  than  100,000  specimens  examined 
by  him  during  seventeen  successive  years 
were  transmitted  with  notes  to  Mr.  Ben- 
tham for  the  seven  volumes  of  tjjps  w(»>k, 
which  is  the  first  universal  flora  of 
any  of  the  great  divisions  of  the  globe. 
<)n  aeoount  of  Mr.  Bentham's  advanced 
a^,  this  work  he  is  now  ocmtinuing  alone. 
His  personal  travels  in  Australia  for 
botanical  researdies,  on  horseback  and  on 
foot^  amount  to  27,000  miles.  Geographic 
[nirsoits  have  been  fostered  by  him  inces- 
santly, though,  tnunmelled  by  official  local 
dntiesi  he  was,  after  1856,  prevented  fro^i 


sharing  in  the  great  geographic  enterprises. 
A  search  for  Dr.  Leichhardt,  under  the 
direction  of  a  ladies'  conmiittee,  and  the  first 
two  important  expeditions  of  Mr.  E.  Giles, 
were  called  forth  by  him,  and  his  return 
from  the  north  coast  principally  gave  rise 
to  the  first  camel  expeditions  in  Australia. 
Numerous  Sovereigns  havebestowed  decor- 
ations on  him,  including  the  Commander 
Order  of  St  Isabella  of  Spain,  and  of  St 
lago  of  Portugal.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
three  in  Australia  who  received  the  Order 
of  St  Michael  and  St  George.  On  the 
occasion  of  the  celebration  of  the  25th 
marriage  day  of  the  King  of  Wttrtemberg 
and  the  sister  of  the  Czar,  he  was  raised 
to  his  hereditary  rank.  He  is  honorary 
or  corresponding  member  of  about 
200  scientific  unions,  representing  many 
branches  of  knowledge.  A  number  of 
geographic  features  in  Australia,  in- 
cluding a  river  of  very  great  length  in 
Queensland,  a  mountain  in  Spitzbergen^ 
a  glacier  in  New  Zealand,  &c.,  bear 
his  name.  He  initiated  the  extension  of 
the  planting  of  Eucalypti  in  the  countries 
on  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  and  in  many 
other  parts  of  the  globe.  The  number  of 
useful  plants  from  abroad  introduced  by 
him  into  Australia  is  enormous,  and  this, 
like  all  his  other  labours,  whether  literary 
or  horticultural,  botanical,  chemical,  or 
geographical,  ha^  served  not  only  the 
colony  of  Victoria,  but  also  all  the  other 
settled  portions  of  Australia. 

MUIB,  Thomas,  one  of  the  <' Scotch 
Martyrs,"  bom  in  Glasgow,  1765,  of  re- 
spectable parentage,  was  educated  for  the 
Bar,  and  admitted  a  member  of  the  Faculty 
of  Advocates  in  1787.  About  1790  an 
Association  for  bringing  about  a  reform  in 
Parliament  by  constitutional  means  had 
been  formed  in  London,  under  the  name 
of  the  "  Friends  of  the  People"  ;  a  branch 
was  formed  at  Glasgow  in  1792  ;  of  this 
Mr.  Muir  became  a  prominent  member, 
but  before  being  admitted,  he,  with  the 
rest,  subscribed  to  a  declaration  of  ad* 
herence  to  the  Grovemment  as  by  law 
established.  The  Glasgow  Association 
reprinted  and  circulated  ^e  papers  issued 
by  the  Ixmdon  Association.  For  this 
"  ofience  "  he  was  accused  of  sedition,  and 
was    tried    before    the    High    Court  of 


148 


MULLIGA5^. 


Justiciary,  Edinburgh,  August  30,  1795. 
Mr.  Muir  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to 
seven  years  transportation.  The  House 
of  Commons  was  appealed  to  by  Right 
HoiL  William  Adam,  and  the  address  he 
moved  to  the  Crown  was  in  an  equally 
brilliant  speech  seconded  by  Mr.  Fox,  but 
the  motion  was  defeated  by  the  Govern- 
ment party.  In  September,  1794,  Mr.  Muir 
and  his  companions  arrived  in  Sydney, 
and  shortly  afterwards  purchased  land  on 
the  Parramatta  Kiver,  which  he  named 
Hunter's  Hill  (after  his  patrimonial  estate 
in  Scotland),  a  locality  which  still  bears 
the  name.  The  story  of  Mr.  Muir's  trials 
and  sufferings  caused  a  profound  sensation 
amongst  all  lovers  of  liberty,  in  all  parts 
of  the  world  In  America,  the  great 
Washington  interested  himself  in  his  be- 
half, and  a  project  was  formed  to  rescue 
him  from  captivity.  A  vessel  called  the 
"  Otter  "  was  fitted  out  at  New  York,  under 
the  command  of  Captain  Dawes.  She 
anchored  at  Port  Jackson  in  January, 
1796,  and  on  February  11th  Mr.  Muir 
escaped  in  her ;  the  vessel  was  wrecked  on 
the  west  coast  of  North  America,  and  all  on 
board  except  Mr.  Muir  and  two  sailors  were 
drowned ;  he  travelled  on  foot  4,000 
miles,  reaching  Panama,  but  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Spaniards.  On  being  con- 
veyed to  Europe,  the  Spanish  vessels  were 
captured  by  the  English  ;  during  the  en- 
counter Mr.  Muir  was  severely  wounded, 
and  was  sent  to  the  hospital  atCadiz.  At  the 
invitation  of  the  French  Government  he 
proceeded  to  Paris  ;  was  entertained  on  his 
way  at  a  banquet,  at  Bordeaux,  by  500 
French  gentlemen,  who  had  heard  his 
story;  reached  Paris  February  4,  1798, 
and  died  at  Chantilly,  near  that  city,  Sep- 
tember 27,  1798. 

MULLIGAN,  James  Venture,  bom 
February  13,  1837,  county  Down,  came 
to  Melbourne,  from  Ireland,  in  1859,  and 
was  anxious  to  join  the  exploring  expedi- 
tion of  Burke  and  Will^  but  was  dis- 
,  appointed.  He  afterwards  came  to  New 
South  Wales,  and  spent  some  time  on  the 
Peel  River  Gold-field ;  thence  went  to 
New  England,  and  there  spent  about  ten 
years  in  storekeeping,  innkeeping,  and 
butchering,  seeking  for  gold,  and  in  other 
occupations,  where  he  formed  many  friends 


and  had  many  relations.     When  the  nuh 
to  the  Gympie  Gold-field  took  place,  he 
went  to  it  overland,  and  since  that  time 
has  only  once  been  out  of  Queenslaiid. 
There  is  not  a  gold-field   around  Bock- 
hampton  on  which  he  has  not  been.    A 
rush    to    the    Krombit  took    him  there. 
This  he  left  for  the  Gilbert,  Mount  Hogan, 
Percy,     and     Robinson     Rivers,     thence 
to    the    Etheridge     (Georgetown).      The 
Grovemment    having    fitted    out   Hann's 
party  to  explore   Cape   York,   and  that 
party    not    being    successful    in    finding 
gold  (payable),  reported  colours  of  gold  in 
many  places  on  the  Palmer  River  ;  he  then 
determined  Hot  to  go  in  that  direction, 
consequently  he  went  to  Charters  Towers, 
and  after  forming  a  small  party  of  three, 
went  to  Georgetown,  where  e^ter  a  delay 
of  three  weel^  he  succeeded   in  finding 
three  other  mates,  who  volunteered  to  go 
out  to  the  Palmer  River.     The  following 
were  the  names  of  the  whole   party : — 
James  Venture  Mulligan,  James  Dowdall, 
Peter  Abelson,  Albert  Brandt,  Alexander 
Watson,  and  David  Robinson,   the  two 
latter    since    dead   on    the   Hodgldnsoa 
After    leaving  Greorgetown,  they  reached 
Mount  Surprise   (Firth's   station)  about 
80  miles  distant.     Thence  they  proceeded 
to    look    for    the    Palmer,  a  distance  of 
about   180    miles,    and    about  the  same 
distance    beyond    civilization.     After  all 
the  hardships  peculiar  to  exploring  new 
coimtiy,  and  finding  payable  gold  for  some 
forty   miles  in    the    bed    of  the  Palmer 
River,  they   returned  to  Greorgetown  and 
reported  payable  gold  SeptembSar  4,  1873, 
and    by    the     advice    of    Mulligan   the 
Government  opened  Cooktown,  and  sent 
officers  to  the  gold-field.     After  prospect- 
ing and  finding  gold  for  eighty  miles  on 
the  Palmer,  and  a  radius  of  forty  miles 
outside  tbd  Palmer,  the  party  obtained  the 
Government  reward  of  £1,000.     The  Go- 
vernment then  started  an  expedition,  or 
rather  gave  Mulligan  £500  as  a  subsidy 
to    go    and  look  for  more    gold.     This 
subsidy  was  not  enough  to  find  t}^e  party  in 
horses ;  however,   they  went  out  for  six 
months,  and  on  their  return  reported  some 
fine  rivers  with  rich  soil  and  abundance  of 
water  and  timber ;  they  then  applied  for 
a  further  grant  of  £500  to  allow  them  to 


MURPHY— MURPHY. 


149 


pro6pect  the  Hodgkinson,  a  river  he  found 
and  named  after  one  of  the  Northern  re- 
presentatives then  in  the  Legislative 
Assembly.  Mulligan  was  refused  the  re- 
quest; so  he  and  two  others  set  out 
with  full  supplies,  necessary  at  the  time, 
as  the  Mitchell  River,  which  they 
had  to  cross,  was  much  swollen  and  not 
crofisable  again  for  four  months,  so  that  they 
were  during  this  time  cut  off  from  civilisa- 
tiozL  A  few  of  their  old  mates  also  came 
to  a  branch  of  the  Hodgkinson  the  same 
time,  and  after  being  thei*e  about  six 
weeks,  came  upon  them  one  evening  at 
twilight  and  opened  fire  upon  themthiuking 
they  were  blacks,  neither  party  suspecting 
the  vicinity  of  the  others.  After  this  they 
became  friends,  and  then  returned  to  Cook- 
town,  where  liiey  reported  payable  gold, 
March  9,  1876.  The  Grovernment  again 
gave  Mulligan's  party  XI, 000  reward. 
Not  only  did  the  Colony  of  Queensland  but 
also  all  the  Australian  Colonies  derive  great 
benefit  commercially  and  otherwise  from 
the  opening  of  the  Palmer  and  Hodgkinson 
gold-fields.  Horses  and  homed  cattle 
rose  to  an  enormous  price  at  the  port 
near^  the  gold-field.  The  place  is  now 
overrun  by  Chinese,  whom,  on  their 
first  introduction,  Mulligan  tried  hard 
at  Brisbane  and  other  places  to  prevent, 
but  ultimately  they  became  too  numerous 
for  interference  with  them.  The  blacks  were 
very  troublesome  to  the  Mulligan  party,  and 
often  tried  to  bum  them  out,  frequently 
attacking  their  camp,  though  the  party  for- 
tunately escaped  without  serious  injury. 
The  Palmer  and  the  Hodgkinson  have  now 
several  good  reefs  working,  and  a  vast 
amotmt  of  machinery  is  being  employed 
on  both  fields.  Mulligan  is  now  in  business 
at  the  Hodgkinson. 

MURPHY,  Right  Rev.  Francis, 
D.D.,  first  Bishop  of  Adelaide,  was  bom 
at  Navan,  county  Meath,  Ireland,  May 
20,  1796.  He  received  his  preparatory 
education  in  the  Diocesan  Seminary  of  his 
native  town,  entered  St.  Patrick's  College, 
Maynooth,  in  preparation  for  the  priest- 
hood, in  his  20th  year,  held  office  as 
Prefect  of  Studies,  and  subsequently 
entered  on  the  Dunbo3me  establishment. 
Was  ordained  priest  by  the  late  Arch- 
bishop Murray,  1826.     His  first  mission 


was  at  Bradford,  Yorkshire,  where  he 
laboured  for  three  years,  and.  then,  at 
the  request  of  the  Vicars  Apostolic  in 
Council  assembled,  took  charge  of  St. 
Patrick's  district,  Liverpool.  Early  in 
1838,  hearing  from  the  late  Archbishop 
Polding  the  very  great  want  of  priests  in 
New  South  Wales,  he  joined  Dr.  Ulla- 
thome  and  a  few  other  zealous  priests  for 
the  mission  of  New  Holland.  Shortly 
after  his  arrival,  Dr.  Ullathome,  V.-G., 
was  recalled  to  England.  Archbishop 
Polding  appointed  Dr.  Francis  Murphy 
to  succeed  him  as  Vicar-General,  In 
1842  the  suffragan  sees  of  Hobart  Town, 
Adelaide,  and  Perth  were  established,  and 
on  September  8,  1844,  Francis  Murphy, 
D.D.,  was  consecrated  in  St.  Mary's 
Cathedral,  Sydney,  as  Bishop  of  Adelaide. 
He  was  the  first  bishop  consecrated  in  New 
Holland.  He  took  possession  of  his  see, 
November  9th,  of  the  same  year.  He  died 
at  his  residence.  West  Terrace,  of  pul- 
monary consumption,  April  26,  1858,  and 
was  iuterred  within  the  precincts  of  his 
cathedral,  Wakefield-street.  He  was  an 
excellent  man,  held  in  the  highest  respect 
and  esteem  by  all  classes  of  the  community, 
both  Protestant  and  Catholic. 

MURPHY,  Sir  Francis,  bom  at 
Cork,  in  the  year  1808.  He  studied 
medicine  privately,  and  afterwards  at 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  was  made  a 
member  of  the  RC.S.,  London.  In  1836 
he  arrived  in  Sydney,  and  was  appointed 
Colonial  Surgeon  for  the  county  of  Argyle. 
He  commenced  farming,  grazing,  and  agri- 
cultural pursuits  near  Goulbum,  and  in 
consequence  resigned  his  appointment.  In 
1840  he  married  the  eldest  daughter  of 
Lieut.  Reed,  residing  in  the  same  part  of 
the  colony.  He  was  eight  yeara  Chair- 
man of  the  Bench  at  Goulbum,  and  re- 
ceived a  complimentary  address  and  testi- 
monial when  he  left  for  Victoria  in  1847. 
He  took  up  a  station  in  the  Ovens  district; 
in  1851  was  elected  for  the  Murray  for  the 
first  Victorian  Legislature.  In  1852  he 
went  to  reside  in  Melbourne,  having  sold 
his  pastoral  property.  Held  appointment 
of  President  of  Central  Road  Board  from 
1853  to  1856.  Was  elected  Speaker  of 
the  Assembly  under  the  new  Constitution, 
which   office   he   held    until    1871.      He 


150 


MURRAY— NAHE 


retired  from  political  life  for  a  short  time, 
but  in  1872  was  elected  to  the  Council  for 
the>  Eastern  Province,  which  seat  he  held 
•until  1876,  when  he  returned  to  England. 

MURRAY,  Right  Rev.  James,  RC. 
Bishop  of  Maitland,  was  bom  in  the  year 
1828,  in  Ireland  ;  when  fourteen  years  of 
age,  went  to  the  College  Propaganda, 
Rome,  and  remained  there  for  ten  years. 
Having  been  promoted  to  the  priesthood 
in  1852,  he  returned  to  Dublin  and  dwelt 
there  for  thirteen  years,  eleven  of  which 
were  spent  as  the  private  secretary  to  his 
Eminence  Cardinal  Cullen.  In  November, 
1865,  he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Mait^ 
land.  In  October  of  the  following  year, 
he  landed  in  Australia.  Since  that  time 
hi8  history  is  interwosren  with  that  of  the 
Diocese  of  Maitland.  There  have  been 
established  by  him  in  that  diocese  five 
•communities  of  nuns,  to  provide  for  the 
education,  high  and  low,  of  the  female 
portion  of  his  flock — namely,  the  Convents 
of  Maitland,  Newcastle,  Singleton,  Tam- 
worth,  and  Gunnedah.  He  has  provided 
a  college  for  the  higher  education  of  boys, 
namely,  the  Sacred  Heart,  West  Maitland, 
besides  many  Denominational  and  other 
Roman  Catholic  schools  in  various  parts  of 
the  diocese.  On  his  arrival  in  1866  there 
were  six  priests  in  the  diocese  of  Mait- 
land ;  there  are  now  (1879)  twenty-five. 
The  churches  have  increased  throughout 
the  diocese  in  the  same  proportion.  An 
institution  has  been  established,  under  the 
care  of  the  Dominican  Nuns,  Newcastle, 
for  the  education  of  the  deaf  and  dumb; 
and  at  Singleton,  under  the  care  of  the 
Sisters  of  Mercy,  a  Roman  Catholic  Orphan- 
age has  been  established.  The  l^tding 
feature  of  his  Lordship's  career  in  Australia 
is  the  zeal  and  devotedness  with  which  he 
laboured  to  improve  the  position  of  those 
committed  to  his  care,  in  the  matter  of 
education,  founded  on  religion. 

MURRAY,  Sir  Terence  Aubrey,  Knt., 
was  bom  at  Limerick,  in  1810.  In  1826 
his  father,  who  had  been  for  seven  years 
in  Australia,  went  back  to  England  on  sick 
leave,  and  next  year  returned  to  New 
South  Wales,  accompanied  by  his  son. 
Mr.  T.  A.  Murray  spent  four  years  on 
his  father's  sheep  station  at  Lake  George. 
In  1833  he  was  called  to  Sydney  by  his 


father,  and  presented  himself  to  the 
Crovemor,  who  gazetted  him  as  a  Magis- 
trate. In  this  capacity  he  proved  himself 
very  active,  with  Mr.  Waddy,  commander 
of  the  mounted  police,  in  repressing  bush- 
ranging.  In  1843  he  was  elected  for  the 
representation  of  Murray,  King,  and 
Georgiana,  and  continued  to  sit  till  the 
enlai^;ed  Constitution  of  1856  was  passed, 
when  he  was  elected  for  Argyle  to  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  in  which  he  sat 
until  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  a 
Member  of  the  Upper  House.  In  1857 
he  was  made  Minister  of  Lands  and 
Works;  in  1860  was  made  Speaker  of 
the  Assembly,  and  in  1862  President 
of  the  Council.  In  1869  he  received  the 
honour  of  knighthood.  He  was  twice 
married,  and  had  several  sons  and  dangh- 
ters.     He  died  June  22,  1873. 

MUSGRAVE,  Sir  Anthony,  has  had 
a  large  and  varied  colonial  experience. 
In  1850  he  was  Private  Secretary  to  the 
Governor  of  the  Leeward  Islands ;  was 
then  appointed  Treasury  Accountant  in 
Antigua,  and  afterwards  Colonial  Secre- 
tary ;  in  1860  was  made  Governor  of 
St.  Nevis,  and  in  1861  was  promoted  to 
St  Vincent.  In  1864  he  was  removed  to 
Newfoundland,  and  from  there  in  1869 
was  made  Governor  of  British  C<^umbia; 
was  then  appointed  Governor  of  Natal, 
and  on  Sir  James  Fergusson  being  removed 
to  New  Zealand  in  1873,  was  mstde  Gover- 
nor of  South  Australia,  which  appointment 
he  held  until  1877. 

NAHE,  Hon.  Hoani,  one  of  the  Cal> 
inet  of  New  Zealand,  belongs  to  the 
Ngatimaru  tribe,  and  was  bom  at  Te 
Poho,  near  Kerikeri,  in  1833  ;  was  tau^t 
his  primary  education  by  Mr.  Green, 
missionary  catechist,  and  afterwards  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Dudley.  He  was  then 
removed  to  St  John's  College,  Auckland, 
and  placed  under  Archdeacons  Abruhaios 
(now  Bisliop)  and  Lloyd  and  Mr.  Green- 
wood. Not  liking  college  discipline  he 
ran  away  and  reached  home.  Bishop 
Selwyn,  however,  had  him  brought  back 
to  college,  where  he  acquired  a  good 
English  education.  He  took  honoun  in 
arithmetic  and  first  prize  for  general  know- 
ledge. It  was  intended  that  fae  should 
take  oixlers,   but  he   had  no    taste  for 


VABXa^^ATELAX. 


151 


tbeologioJ  sfcadiee.  From  his  first  entry 
into  Parlisonent,  where  he  represents  the 
Western  Maori  district,  he  has  been  a  firm 
8a]^rter  oi  Sir  Gteorge  Grey.  His  educa- 
tion enables  him  to  speak  fluently  and 
intelligently  on  all  subjects  before  the 
House.  He  is  veiy  astute,  and  his  be- 
lutvionr  does  no  discredit  to  the  high  office 
bsBtowed  upon  hino. 

NARES,  Sib  Geobgk  Strong,  K.C.R, 
Bon  of  the  late  Captain  William  Henry 
Nares,  KN.,  of  Danestown,  Aberdeen, 
by  his  marriage  with  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
£  G.  Dodd,  and  a  great-grandson  of  Sir 
George  Nares,  formerly  one  of  the  Justices 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  was 
horn  in  1831,  and  educated  at  the  Royal 
Naval  College,  New  Cross,  where  he 
gained  the  naval  cadetship,  which  is  an- 
noally  given  by  the  Lords  oi  the  Admiralty 
to  the  most  pnxnising  pupil.  He  saw 
some  service  in  Her  Majesty's  ship 
*'  Canopus,"  forming  part  of  the  Channel 
Squadron,  and  afterwards  in  Her  Majesty's 
^tap  ^'Havannah,"  on  the  Australian 
station ;  was  a  mate  on  board  the 
** Resolute''  in  the  Arctic  Expedition  of 
1852-54.  On  the  return  of  this  Expe- 
<lition  he  served  in  Her  Majesty's  ship 
"Gktton"  during  the  last  year  of  the 
Crimean  war;  afterwards  in  Her  Majesty's 
ship  *^  Conqueror  "  on  the  Mediterranean 
station.  On  the  commencement  of  the 
present  system  of  training  for  naval  ca- 
dets he  served  as  lieutenant  in  charge  of 
eadets  under  the  late  Captain  Robert 
Harris,  in  Her  Majesty's  ships  ^'Illus- 
trious" and  ^*&itannia";  in  1854  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Commander, 
being  attached  also  to  the  training-ship 
**Bo8cawen";  in  1866-7  was  employed 
at  the  antipodes,  in  command  of  the 
**  Salamander,"  in  surveying  the  eastern 
and  north-eastern  coasts  of  Australia  and 
Torres  Straits.  In  1869  he  was  sent  in 
Her  Majesty's  ship  "  Shearwater  "  to  sur- 
vey and  report  upon  the  Gulf  of  Suez. 
FftMn  1872  down  to  the  end  of  1874 
Captain  Nares  was  in  command  of  Her 
Majesty's  ship  "Challenger,"  during  her 
important  scientific  expedition,  particu- 
lariy  on  the  Australian  coast.  He  was 
then  ordered  home,  and  appointed  to  the 
cbief  command  of  the  Arctic  Expedition. 


The  two  ships  composing  the  Expedition, 
Her  Majesty's  Ships  "  Alert "  and  "  Difr 
covery,"  commanded  respectively  by  Cap- 
tains Nares  and  Stephenson,  left  England 
in  May,  1875.  The  expedition  reached 
Lady  Franklin  Bay  in  August  Here 
Captain  Nares  left  the  "  Discovery "  to 
take  up  her  quarters  for  the  winter,  whilst 
the  '^  Alert "  continued  her  course  along 
the  western  shore  of  Robeson  Channel 
until  she  reached  lat  82'  27'  and  long.  6V 
22'.  Subsequently  a  sledge  party  led  by 
Commander  Markham  and  Lieutenant 
Parr,  made  a  most  gallant  attempt  to 
penetrate  over  the  ice  towards  the  Pole, 
and  succeeded  in  planting  the  British  flag 
in  lat.  83*  20'  26"  N.  The  men  suffered 
intensely  from  the  extreme  cold ;  many 
were  attacked  by  scurvy,  and  it  was  with 
great  difficulty  that  the  sledging  party 
made  their  way  back  to  the  ship.  Captain 
Nares  then  resolved  to  return  home,  as  he 
could  not  hope  to  advance  more  than 
about  fifty  miles  beyond  the  positions 
already  attained  The  Expedition  arrived 
at  Valentia,  October  27,  1876.  In  re- 
ward  for  his  services  Captain  Nares  was 
raised  to  the  rank  of  K.C.B. 

NATHAN,  Isaac,  bom  at  Canterbury, 
England,  in  1792.  He  was  intended  for 
the  Church,  and  studied  under  Professor 
Lyon  ;  but  his  love  of  music  was  so  great 
that  he  was  articled  to  Dominico  Corri. 
Eight  months  afterwards,  he  composed  his 
first  song,  "Infant  Love,"  which  was 
followed  by  others.  One  of  the  most 
celebrated  of  these  compositions  is  the 
well-known  song  "  Why  are  you  wander- 
ing here,  I  pray  ? "  He  wrote  a  **  History 
and  Theory  of  Music,"  and  was  considered 
one  of  the  finest  theoretical  musicians  of 
the  day.  He  set  to  music  many  of  Byron's 
"  Hebrew  Melodies,"  and  the  poet,  in  his 
"  Memoirs  "  speaks  of  him  as  "  Hebrew- 
Melody  Natham"  He  was  appointed 
Musical  Historian  to  George  lY.,  and 
instructor  to  Piincess  Charlotte  of  Wales. 
He  came  out  to  Sydney  in  1841,  and  did 
much  service  in  developing  musical  talent 
and  improving  church  music  and  choral 
societies.  As  a  teacher,  he  maintained  a 
very  high  position,  especially  in  vocal 
music,  some  of  the  first  artists  of  the  day 
having  been  amongst  his  pupils.     He  took 


152 


NEILD— NICHOLS. 


great  interest  in  the  Eandi^ick  Asylum 
for  Destitute  Children,  and  in  1859 
oi^anised  in  aid  of  its  funds,  a  monster 
concert  at  the  Prince  of  Wales  Theatre 
(now  the  Theatre  Boyal).  He  named  his 
residence  at  Bandwick  opposite  the  Insti- 
tution "  Byron  Lodge,"  in  memory  of  the 
Poet  with  whom  he  was  intimately 
acquainted.  He  was  accidentally  killed 
whilst  getting  out  of  a  car  of  the  old  Pitt 
Street  Tramway,  July,  1863.  He  was 
twice  married  and  left  several  children, 
one  of  whom  was  the  late  well-known  and 
much  esteemed  Surgeon,  Charles  Nathan, 
Esq.,  F.RC.S.,  and  a  daughter  who  was 
married  to  the  late  Dr.  Foulis,  of  Sydney. 

NEILD,  James  Edward,  M.D.,  was 
bom  at  Doncaster,  in  1824.  In  1843  he 
was  apprenticed  to  his  unde  in  Sheffield, 
and  subsequently  completed  his  studies  at 
University  College,  London;  passed  his 
examination  in  1848,  and  for  two  years 
practised  at  Oulton.  He  then  accepted 
the  post  of  House  Sui*geon  of  the  Bochdale 
General  Dispensary.  In  1853  he  went 
out  to  Victoria,  and  there  determined  to 
be  a  chemist  and  druggist ;  in  1855  first 
began  to  write  for  the  Age,  and  in  1857 
for  the  Examiner,  under  the  signature  of 
"Christopher  Sly."  When  the  Austrair 
<mcm  wa^  started  he  wrote  for  it  under 
the  signature  of  "  Jaques,"  and  with  some 
slight  intermission  has  continued  to  do  so 
up  to  this  time.  The  style  of  his  writings 
is  considered  trenchant.  His  present  sig- 
nature is  "Tahita" 

NELSON,  Nicholas  Mervyn,  was  bom 
in  Dublin,  May  9,  1819.  Having  known 
Sir  George  Gipps  in  London,  at  his  in- 
stance he  came  out  tb  New  South  Wales, 
arriving  at  the  end  of  January,  1 840,  when, 
after  passing  the  required  examination,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  General  Post  Office 
as  an  established  clerk,  where  he  remained 
during  the  whole  period  of  his  career  in 
the  colony— -February  1, 1840,  until  1865, 
when  he  retired  on  hi»  Superannuation 
pension.  Upon  his  retiring  from  the 
department  there  was  not  in  it  at  the 
time  one  individual  who  was  there  when 
he  first  entered  it.  He  had  served  under 
three  Postmaster-Generals,  when  this 
office  was  permanent,  and  did  not  form 
a  separate  department.     Mr.  Nelson  wajs 


a  well-knovn  contributor  to  the  Sydney 
Press,  and  was  intimately  acquainted  with 
all  the  literary  men  of  the  day  in  that 
city.  The  rei^rts  at  the  oommencement 
of  the  early  breakfasts  for  the  sufieiing 
poor  in  the  Temperance  Hall  were  written 
by  him,  and  he  was  always  most  zealouB 
and  active  in  looking  up  little  occurrences 
and  writing  paragraphs  on  them  for  the 
papers.  On  retiring  on  his  well-earued 
pension,  he  went  to  London,  where  he  has 
since  lived,  and  was  there  of  considerable 
assistance  to  the  Captain  Cook  Statue 
Committee  (of  which  he  was  a  member) 
in  obtaining  subscriptions.  Any  Aus- 
tralian colonist  visiting  **The  Great 
Metropolis''  will  find  in  him  a  genial 
companion,  and  a  good  guide  to  ail  that 
is  interesting  in  art  and  Hterature. 

NEVILL,  Right  Rev.  Samuel  Tar- 
RATT,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Dunedin,  was  edu- 
cated at  Cambridge,  where  he  graduated 
B.A.  in  1866,  MA.  in  1869,  and  after 
taking  orders  was  collated  to  the  Rectoiy 
of  Shelton,  Staffordshire,  which  he  held 
till  his  election  by  the  Diocesan  Synod, 
in  1871,  to  the  See  of  Dunedin;  was 
consecrated  in  St.  Paul's  church,  Otago, 
July  10,  1871.  The  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  on  him  by  the  University 
of  Cambridge  jure  dignitctiis,  October  27, 
1871.  His  episcopal  jurisdiction  embraces 
the  Provinces  of  Otago  and  Dunedin,  with 
the  isles  adjacent. 

NICHOLS,  Charles  Frederick,  bora 
at  Somers  Town,  England,  May  26, 
1819.  Was  intended  for  an  architect  and 
engineer.  Was  an  active  member  of  the 
Chartist  Union,  and  of  the  '^  Association 
for  the  Removal  of  Taxes  on  Knowledge." 
Arrived  in  Victoria  in  1854,  went  to  Bal- 
larat,  and  took  command  of  Captain  Nel- 
son's Rifle  Brigade,  and  was  with  the  Hon. 
J.  B.  Humffray  appointed  to  present  to 
Sir  Charles  Hotham  the  petition  for  an 
amnesty.  In  1857  he  organised  the 
"People's  League."  In  1862  became  cor- 
respondent of  the  BdUa/rai  Star,  In  1877 
he  drew  up  a  report  on  auriferous  country 
covered  by  basalt 

NICHOLS,  George  Robert,  was  bom 
in  Sydney,  September  27,  1809.  His 
father  was  for  many  years  Postmaster 
of  Sydney.     In  1819  he  went  to  England 


NICHOLSON— O'BBIEN. 


153 


for  his  education.  Betuming  in  1822, 
lie  was  articled  to  W.  H.  Moore, 
the  Attomey-Creneral,  and  subsequently 
praciifled  witii  success  as  a  criminal  law- 
yer. In  1848  he  was  returned  to  the 
L^islatiYe  Council  for  the  Northumber- 
kod  Boroughs,  and  under  the  new  Consti- 
tution he  continued  to  represent  the  same 
oonstitaency  in  the  Assembly  until  his 
death  He  accepted  office  under  Mr. 
Donaldson  in  1856,  and  was  offered  the 
Sdicitor-G«neralahip  by  Mr.  Parker,  but 
Mling  health  caused  him  to  decline  the 
office.  Among  his  pupils  were  Richard 
Driver  and  Sir  James  Martin.  [See 
Dritkr,  Kichard;  aUoy  Martik,  Sir 
Jambs).  He  had  vast  political  influence, 
and  enjoyed  the  exclusive  privilege  of 
practising  at  the  superior  and  inferior 
Ooorts  of  the  colony,  though  Jbelonging  to 
the  lower  branches  of  the  profession.  He 
(lied  September  12,  1857. 

NICHOLSON,  Sir  Charles,  Bart., 
KD.,  D.C.L.,  LL.D.,  was  bom  November 
23,  1808.  After  graduating  M.D.  at 
Edinburgh,  he  established  himself  as  a  phy- 
sidan  in  Australia,  where  he  arrived  May 
1,  1834.  He  was  chosen  a  Member  of 
the  first  Legislative  Council  of  New  South 
Wales  in  1843,  and  was  elected  Speaker 
three  times.  He  was  a  great  champion  in 
the  cause  of  education ;  filled  the  post  of 
Vice-Chancellor  of  Sydney  University  in 
1853,  and  was  raised  to  its  highest  office 
-that  of  Chancellor— in  1854.  In  1859, 
▼hen  Queensland  was  made  a  separate 
colony,  he  was  appointed  first  Speaker 
in  its  first  Legislature.  Having  been 
knighted  by  patent,  March  1,  1852,  he 
was  created  a  Baronet,  April  8,  1859,  in 
reward  for  his  educational  sendees,  and 
received  the  honoraiy  title  of  D.C.L.  from 
the  University  of  Oxford  in  1867,  and 
that  of  LL.I>.  from  the  University  of 
Cambridge  in  1868,  having  again  returned 
to  England  in  1862.  He  married  in  1865, 
Sarah  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of  Archi- 
bald Keightley,  Esq.,  and  has  two  sons. 
NICHOLSON,  William,  came  out  to 
Yictoria  in  1842,  and  started  in  business. 
In  1850  became  Mayor  of  Melbourne.  In 
1855  entered  Parlii^ent  as  Member  for 
North  Bourke.  Was  the  prime  mover  and 
introducer  into  Yictoria  of  vote  by  ballot. 


On  December  18,  1855,  on  the  defeat  of 
the  .O'Shanassy  Government  on  this  ques- 
tion he  took  Ministerial  office,  but  after- 
wards left  for  England  and  was  absent 
for  two  years.  He  returned  in  1858,  and 
in  August,  1859,  was  elected  Member  for  , 
Sandridge.  On  November  17th  he  moved 
an  amendment  on  the  address ;  this  was 
carried,  and  on  October  27th,  he  formed  his 
Ministry,  which  remained  in  office  until 
November  26,  1860. 

NIXON,  Rt.  Rev.  Francis  Russell, 
D.D.,  first  Bishop  of  Tasmania,  bom  in 
1803.  Studied  at  Oxford,  and  was 
Fellow  of  his  College  there.  Had  been 
Chaplain  to  the  Embassy  at  Naples, 
where  he  improved  his  taste  in  aesthetic 
art.  In  1843  he  came  out  to  Tas- 
mania as  the  first  Church  of  England 
Bishop  of  that  Diocese;  shortly  after- 
wards he  went  to  England  on  Church 
afiairs.  In  1851  he  attended  the  first 
Synod  of  the  Colonial  Bishops  in  Sydney. 
Dr.  Nixon,  whose  health  was  always  bad, 
left  in  1862,  and  not  improving  in  health 
in  1864,  resigned  his  see.  He  is  an 
excellent  scholar,  and  an  elegant  writer, 
and  has  published  a  valuable  volume  of 
"  Lectures  on  the  Church  Catechism. " 
NORMANBY,    George    Augustus 

CONSTANTINE  PhIPPS,    MaRQUIS    OF,    WaS 

bom  in  1819.  He  entered  the  Coldstream 
Guards  as  Ensign,  and  became  Lieutenant 
in  1 838.  In  1 844  he  married  the  daughter 
of  Captain  Russell,  RN.,  and  in  the  same 
year  was  made  Deputy-lieutenant  of  York- 
shire. In  1847  he  was  elected  for  Scar- 
borough, but  gave  up  his  seat  in  1 851  on 
accepting  the  office  of  Comptroller  of  the 
Queen's  Household.  In  1853  he  was 
advanced  to  be  Treasurer  of  the  Household ; 
in  1858  was  made  Governor  of  Nova 
Scotia ;  in  1863  succeeded  to  the  Peerage 
on  the  death  of  his  father.  In  1866  he  de- 
livered his  maiden  speech  in  the  House 
of  Lords  as  mover  of  the  Address  in 
reply  to  the  Throne.  In  1871  he  was 
appointed  Governor  of  Queensland ;  in 
1875  Governor  of  New  Zealand ;  and 
in  1879  Grovemor  of  Victoria. 

O'BRIEN,  William  Smith,  bom  Octo- 
ber lY,  1803,  second  son  of  Sir  Edward 
O'Brien,  of  county  Limerick.  He  was 
educated    at    Cambridge.      He    married, 


154 


O'OONNELL. 


about  1834,  the  daughter  of  Joseph 
Ckkbbett,  Esq.,  of  Limerick,  and  had 
fleven  children.  He  was  first  returned 
in  1830  for  Ennis,  and  was  strenuous 
in  his  opposition  to  Daniel  O^OonnelL 
But  he  afterwards  became  a  Whig, 
and  then  a  Kadical.  In  1843  he 
was  elected  Member  for  Limerick ;  sub- 
sequently, in  1848,  when  the  disaffeo- 
tions,  which  in  France  and  other  European 
countries  culminated  in  revolution,  ex- 
tended to  Ireland,  Mr.  Smith  O'Brien 
fanned  the  flame  in  the  British  House  of 
Commons  j  and  during  one  of  his  speeches 
on  Irish  politics,  which  were  then  creating 
much  agitation  and  excitement,  uttered 
his  memorable  exclamation,  that  rather 
than  yield  one  iota  of  the  Irish  demands, 
he  would  "die  on  the  floor  of  the  House." 
At  this  period  his  conduct  became  so 
violent  and  disorderly  that  the  Speaker 
committed  him  to  iiie  custody  of  the 
Sergeant-at-Arms,  wherjs  he  was  kept  some 
days  in  durance  until  he  consented  to 
apologise.  Shortly  afterwards,  the  agi- 
tation was  at  its  highest;  Mr.  Smith 
O'Brien  excited  the  peasantry  of  the  south 
cf  Ireland  to  acts  of  insurrection,  and  on 
July  29  of  the  same  year  occurred  the 
conflict  between  the  police  and  his  fol- 
lowers, said  to  have  been  between  four 
and  five  thousand  in  number,  on  Bonlagh 
Common,  near  Bullingarry.  His  followers 
were  dispersed,  and  he  for  the  time  escaped 
by  hiding  in  a  cabbage  garden.  A  week 
afterwards  (August  5),  he  was  arrested  at 
Thurles,  tried  for  high  treason,  and  sen- 
tenced to  death  ;  but  the  sentence  was  com- 
muted, and  he  was  sent  out  with  his  com- 
panions, and  on  landing  in  Tasmania  they 
were  all  offered  tickets-of-leave,  but  this 
O'Brien  refused,  and  was  sent  to  Maria  Is- 
land, on  the  east  coast  Having  attempted 
to  escape,  he  was  sent  to  Port  Arthur,  Tea- 
man Peninsula,  where  he  remained  for  a 
few  months  when,  for  his  health  he  was  per- 
suaded by  some  colonists  at  HobartTown  to 
accept  a  ticket-of -leave,  and  resided  at  New 
Korfolk,  21  miles  from  Hobart  Town.  In 
1854  an  amnesty  was  granted,  and  he  left 
the  colony  for  home  vid  Melbourne,  where 
he  was  enthusiastically  received  and  had  a 
testimonial  presented  to  him  by  the  diggers 
at  Ballarat     He  died  in  1864. 


]  O'CONNELL,  Sir  Maubice  Chableb, 
Knioht,  formerly  Commander  of  the 
Forces  in  New  South  Wales,  was  a  cousin 
of  the  celel»-ated  Daniel  O'Connell.  He 
landed  in  Sydney  in  1809,  in  oonunand  of 
the  73rd  Regiment,  and  bearing  a  com- 
mission as  lleutenant^ovemor  of  New 
South  Wales  and  its  Dependencies.  Im- 
mediately after  his  airival  he  married  Mn. 
Putland,  the  brave  and  dutiful  daughter  of 
Governor  Bligh.  Sir  Maurice  remained 
here  till  1814,  when  the  raiment  was 
ordered  to  Ceylon.  In  1838  Sir  Maurice 
again  returned  to  the  colony  as  Commander 
of  the  Forces,  and  continued  to  hold  that 
appointment  until  relieved  by  Major-Gen- 
eral  Wynyard.  He  was  Acting-Governor 
of  New  South  Wales  from  Jidy  12  to 
August  2,  1846.  Sir  Maurice  never  took 
an  active  part  in  public  affairs,  but  in 
private  life  he  was  always  regarded  as  a 
kind-hearted  gentleman,  and  was  much 
esteemed  by  all  under  his  command,  esr 
pecially  bv  the  private  soldiers.  He  died 
in  Sydney,  May  25,  1848.  Lady  O'Con- 
nell  died  in  1864. 

O'CONNELL,  Sir  Mauricie  Charlb, 
Knight,  President  of  the  Legislative 
Council  of  Queensland,  was  bom  in  Syd- 
ney, New  South  Wales,  in  1 8 1 2,  in  the  ^* Old 
Military  Barracks,"  situated  on  the  site  of 
which  is  now  better  known  as  Wynyard 
Square.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  tho  late 
Lieutenant-General  Sir  Maurice  0*Connell 
and  Mary,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Admiral 
William  Bligh,  whose  name  is  so  familiar 
to  most  readers  in  connection  with  the 
"Mutiny  of  the  Boimty,"  and  who  was 
Governor  of  this  colony  during  its  early 
history.  Young  O'Connell  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Ceylon,  and  in  1819  wm 
sent  to  England.  He  was  educated 
partly  at  Dr.  Pinkney's  academy,  at  Eiust 
Shene,  and  at  the  High  School,  Edin- 
burgh. Certain  special  studies  were  sub- 
sequently pursued  at  Dublin  and  Paria 
In  the  latter  city  he  was  for  some  time  a 
student  of  the  College  of  Charlemagna 
Destined  for  the  military  profession,  young 
O'Connell  entered  the  army  as  an  ensign 
at  the  age  of  16  years,  and  joined  the 
73rd  Infantry  at  Gibraltar  in  1828. 
During  the  prevalence  of  yellow  fever  at 
"the  Rock,"  he  was  subject  to  quarantine 


COONNELL. 


1S5 


for  six  montha..      Afterwards  he  served  at 
Malta,  and  proceeded  thence  in   1831  to 
Ja^y,  remaining  w^ith  the  dep6t  of  his 
regiment,   as   adjutant,  until   1835.     At 
twenty-three,      he      went      to     Spain  ; 
and    under    the   Orders    in    Council    of 
King  WiUiaia     IV.,    permitting  British 
sobjects  to  volunteer  for  foreign  service, 
the  young  soldier  raised  in  the  county  of 
Cork  and  other  parts  of  Munster  a  regi- 
ment of  the  British  Legion,  and  forthwith 
embarked  for  the   Peninsula,  to  fight  for 
"the  Queen  and  the  Constitution.''    lieu- 
tenant O'Connell,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel 
headed    his    regiment,    called    the    10th 
Munster  light  Infantry,  in  the  stirring 
times  which    ensued.     During  the  cam- 
paign he  was    present  with  it  in  several 
eDgagt'ments  between  the  Christines  and 
the   Carlists,    and   for  his    gallantry   in 
action  was  repeatedly  mentioned  with  dis- 
tmction  in  general  orders  and  despatches. 
On  the   retirement    of  Sir  Crsspard   Le 
M&f  chant,  Colonel  O'Connell  was  appointed 
Deputy  Adjutant-General ;  afterwards,  on 
the  return  to  England  of  Sir  I>e  Lacy  Evans, 
Uie   colonel    succeeded    to    the   rank    of 
General   of  Brigade  in  command  of  the 
New  British  Auxiliary  Legion  in  Spain  ; 
and  he  shared  in  the  vicissitudes  which 
preceded  and  the  triumphs  which  succeeded 
the  close  of  the  civil  war.     Amongst  the 
honoursoonf  erred  upon  him  besides  his  high 
command  for  services  in  the  field,  were 
those  of  a  Knight  Commander  of  Isabella 
the  Catholic,  Knight  of  San  Fernando,  and 
Knight  Extraordinary  of  Charles  III.    At 
the   end  of    the   year     1837,     at     San 
Sebastian,   the  dissolution  of  the  Legion 
was    promulgated     in     general     orders. 
Shortly    afterwards,    the    gallant    officer 
retimed  to   England,  and   was  forthwith 
re-appointed,  on  full  pay,  to  the  51st  Regi- 
ment ;  he  was  next  promoted  to  a  Captaincy 
in  the  28th,  and,  as  military  secretary  on  the 
staff  of  his  father,   he  returned  to  New 
South  Wales   in   1835.     When  his  regi- 
ment was  recalled  home.  Captain  O'Con- 
nell sold  out  of  the  army,    and   settled 
down  in  the   mother  colony,  connecting 
himself  with    pastoral  pursuita     In  the 
social  and  political  changes  of  the  succeed- 
ing ten  years.  Captain  O'Connell  took  an 
active  part.     He  wbjb  a  candidate  for  the 


representation  of  his  native  city  in  tke 
finst  Legislative  Council  of  New  Sovth 
Wales,  but  was  not  successful,  owing  to 
his  connection  with  what  was  then  re- 
garded as  the  "  exclusive  "  party,  which 
was  considered  to  be  sufficiently  strong  by . 
reason  of  the  nominee  Members  of  the 
House.  In  a  subsequent  election  he  was 
returned  without  personal  canvass  for  the 
district  of  Port  Phillip.  In  1848  he  was 
appointed  Commissioner  for  Crown  Lands 
for  Burnett,  then  an  *<  outside  "  squatting 
district,  and  in  1854  was  made  Govemm^it 
Resident  at  Port  Curtis,  which  office  he 
held  until  the  north-eastern  territory  was 
separated  from  New  South  Wales,  and 
erected  into  the  new  Colony  of  Queensland. 
Captain  O'Connell  was  called  to  the 
Legislative  Council  of  Queensland  upon 
the  assumption  of  the  Government  by 
Sii'  George  Bowen.  He  took  his  seat  as 
one  of  the  Commissioners  to  open  the  first 
Parliament,  May  22, 1860,  and  represented 
the  Ministry  throughout  the  Session. 
During  this  period  his  name  became  identi- 
fied with  some  of  the  most  important 
measures  of  legislation — notably  the  Pri- 
mary Education  Act  and  the  Grammar 
Schools  Act.  At  the  close  of  the  year,  he 
was  appointed  President  of  the  Council, 
upon  the  retirement  of  Sir  Charles  Nichol- 
son, BarL  He  also,  up  to  a  recent  period, 
heid  the  command  of  the  local  military  as 
Colonel  of  the  Queensland  Volunteer 
Brigade.  When  Sir  George  Bowen  left 
the  colony  for  New  Zealand,  Colonel  O'Con- 
nell administered  the  Government,  and 
during  his  occupation  of  Government  House 
he  had  as  a  guest  His  Boyal  Highness  the 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  whose  presence  was 
made  the  occasion  for  dispensing  to  l^e 
colonists  a  liberal  hospitality.  Follow- 
ing the  death  of  Governor  Blackall,  and 
until  the  arrival  of  the  Marquis  of  Nor- 
manby,  Colonel  O'Connell  a  second  time 
administered  the  Grovemment,  and  again 
during  the  period  that  elapsed  between 
the  departure  of  Lord  Normanby  and  the 
arrival  of  Governor  Cairns.  The  honour  of 
knighthood  was  conferred  upon  Colonel 
O'Connell  in  1 868.  He  was  four  times  Act- 
ing Grovemor  of  Queensland,  and  this  office 
he  was,  under  sign-manual  of  the  Queen, 
entitled    to    bear    on    all    occasions    of 


156 


O'CONNOR-CGRADY. 


necessity.  Sir  Maurice  was  married  in 
1835,  at  Jersey,  to  Eliza  Emily,  daughter  of 
Colonel  Philip  Le  Geyt,  formerly  of  the 
63rd  Regiment.  Sir  Maurice  stood  high 
in  the  ancient  and  honourable  craft  of  Free- 
masons, having  been,  up  to  the  time  of 
his  decease,  the  Provincial  Grand  Master 
under  the  Irish  constitution.  He  was 
President  of  the  AustrHlasian  Association 
and  of  the  Queensland  Turf  Club,  and  a 
Vice-President  of  the  National  Agricul- 
tural Association.  He  died  March  23, 
1879,  and  to  his  remains  was  accorded  the 
honour  of  a  public  funeral. 

O'CONNOR,  Rt.  Rev.  MrcHAEL,  D.D., 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Ballarat,  was 
bom  in  Dublin,  in  1827,  and  entered  the 
Royal  College  of  St.  Patrick,  Maynooth, 
in  1845.  In  1851  he  was  promoted  to 
Dunboyne,  where  he  studied  for  three 
years.  He  entered  holy  orders,  and  was  ap- 
pointed by  Cardinal  Cullen  to  the  charge  of 
Rathfamham.  In  1875  he  was  appointed 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Ballarat. 

O'DOHERTY,  Hon.  Kevin  Izod, 
ML.C.,  was  bom  in  Dublin,  in  June, 
1824.  He  received  a  liberal  education, 
by  which  he  profited  extensively,  show- 
ing strong  evidence  of  natural  ability, 
and  talents  of  more  than  average  de- 
gree. On  completing  his  education,  he 
directed  his  attention  to  the  medical  pro- 
fession, and  was  in  the  full  tide  of  lectures 
and  hospital  attendance  when  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Irish  national  sentiment  that 
pervaded  the  year  1848  drew  him  into 
public  life.  He  became  a  hard  working 
and  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Young 
Ireland  party,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Students'  and  Polytechnic 
Clubs,  which  were  regarded  by  thfi  leaders 
in  Dublin  as  the  elite  of  the  national  force 
in  the  capital.  When  Mitchell  was  arrested 
and  his  paper  suppressed,  O'Doherty  was 
one  of  thOBe  who  resolved  that  the  politi- 
cal guidance  which  the  United  Irishmen 
was  meiant  to  afford  should  not  be  want- 
ing to  the  people.  In  conjunction  with 
Richard  Dcdton  Williams — "  Shamrock  " 
of  the  Nation — he  established  the  /rwA 
Tribune,  the  first  number  of  which  was 
published  June  10,  1848.  There  could 
be  no  mistake  about  the  objects  of  the 
Tribune,  or  the  motives  of  its  founders 


in  establishing  it  Its  career  was  cut 
short  at  its  fifth  number,  and  on  July 
10,  1848,  Kevin  Izod  O'Doherty  was 
an  inmate  of  Newgate  Prison.  On 
August  10th,  he  was  placed  at  the  bar  of 
Green-street  court-house,  and  arraigned  on 
a.  charge  of  treason-felony.  The  jury  dis- 
agreed, O'Doherty  was  put  forward  again, 
and  a  new  jury  selected  to  try  him.  The 
second  jury  like  the  first  refused  to  agree 
to  a  verdict  of  guilty,  and  were  discharged 
without  convicting  the  prisoner.  A  third 
time  was  O'Doherty  arraigned,  and  on 
this  occasion  found  guilty.  He  was 
sentenced  to  transportation  for  ten  years, 
and  sailed  for  Van  Diemen's  Land 
in  the  "  Elphinstone,"  where  he  in  com- 
pany with  John  Martin  arrived  in  Novem- 
ber, 1849.  In  the  course  of  time  he,  like 
Martin  and  O'Brien,  was  set  at  liberty  on 
condition  of  his  residing  «  anywhere  out  of 
the  United  Kingdom.''  He  went  to 
Paris,  and  there  resumed  his  medical 
studies.  He  paid,  however,  one  secret  and 
hurried  visit  to  Ireland ;  he  came  on  to 
wed  and  bear  away  with  him,  to  share  his 
fortune  in  other  lands,  a  woman  in  every 
way  worthy  of  him—"  Eva  "  [See  "  Eva"} 
"  The  course  of  true  love"  in  this  case 
ended  happily.  In  1 85 6  thepardon  granted 
to  the  exile  was  made  unconditional,  and 
in  the  following  year  O'Doherty  returned 
to  Ireland,  where  he  took  out  his  degrees 
with  great  eclat ;  he  then  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  and  surgeiy  in  Dublin, 
and  soon  came  to  be  ranked  amongst  the 
most  distinguished  and  successful  members 
of  his  profession.  Afler  remaining  some 
years  in  Ireland,  O'Doherty  sailed  for 
Sydney.  Landing  here,  but  declining 
invitations  to  stay  in  this  city,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  the  new  Clolony  of  Queensland 
and  settled  in  its  capital — Brisbane,  where 
he  soon  took  si  leading  position  in  his  pro- 
fession. He  entered  Parliament  as  a 
Member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and, 
after  sitting  for  a  number  of  Sessions 
resigned.  In  1877  he  was,  by  the  Gov- 
ernor and  Executive  Council,  offered  and 
accepted  a  seat  in  the  Legislative  Ooimcil, 
a  position  he  now  holds. 

O'GRADY,  Michael,  was  bom  in  Ros- 
common, Ireland,  in  1 82 1 .  When  a  boy  he 
went  to  London  and  in  1855  came  out  to 


O'HALLORAN— O'HEA. 


167 


S^dnej  to  establish  a  branch  of  the  People's 
I^vident  Society.  In  1856  he  went  to 
Melboome.  In  1861  he  entered  Parlia- 
ment  and  was  a  Member  of  the  Sladen 
Mmistry  in  1868,  and  of  the  Duffy  Minis- 
try in  1871  and  1872.  In  1871  he  was 
created  a  knigbt  of  St.  Qregory  the  Great. 
He  died  at  his  residence  near  Melbourne 
ia  1875. 

O'HALLORAN,  Major  Thomas 
Shuldhah,  of  lizard  Lodge,  O'Halloran 
Hill,  was  the  second  and  eldest  surviving 
son  of  Major-General  Sir  Joseph  O'Hal- 
lorao,  G.C.R,  Bengal  Army.  He  was 
bom  at  Berhampore,  in  the  East  Indies, 
October  25,  1797  ;  was  a  cadet  at 
the  Royal  Military  College,  Marlow,  in 
1808 ;  appointed  Ensign  in  the  Royal 
West  Middlesex  Militia,  1809;  in  1813 
was  gazetted  an  Ensign  in  the  17th 
Foot,  and  joined  his  regiment  in  1814. 
Served  witli  it  during  die  whole  of  the 
Xepaul  war,  1814,  '15,  16.  On  June  28, 
1817,  he  received  his  lieutenancy,  and 
served  during  the  Deccan  war  in  1817, 
'18.  Was  married  on  August  1,  1821, 
to  Miss  Ann  Goss,  of  Dawlisli,  who 
died  in  1823,  in  Calcutta,  leaving  two 
children,  of  whom  one  died  in  India.  In 
1822  exchanged  from  the  17th  to  the 
44th  Regiment,  which  he  joined  in  Cal< 
catta,  in  January  1823.  In  1824  was 
ordered,  with  the  left  wing  of  the  44th,  to 
Ohittagong,  where  he  arrived  early  in 
Jane,  and  was  appointed  Paymaster, 
Qoartennaster,  and  Interpreter.  On 
October  30th,  he  was  appointed  Brigade- 
Major  to  Brigadier-Creneral  Dunkin,  C.B., 
who  commanded  the  Sylket  division  of 
the  army  during  the  Burmese  war.  He 
received  a  medal  for  war  service  in  India 
for  Nepaol  and  Ava.  On  April  27, 
1827,  purdiased  his  conmiission  in  the 
99th  Regiment.  Exchanged  into  the 
56th  Regiment  in  1828.  In  1829  ex- 
changed into  the  6th  Regiment,  and  joined 
his  father  as  A.D.C.,  at  Sangur,  in 
Central  India.  From  June,  1830  to 
January  1831,  served  as  Deputy  Assistant 
Quariennaster-General  at  Sanger.  In 
1834  he  married  Miss  Jane  Waring,  of 
Newry.  Retired  on  half-pay  in  October. 
In  1837  was  placed  on  fuU  pay  as  Captain 
in  the  97tih  Regiment     In  that  year  was 


sent  in  command  of  two  companies  of  his 
regiment,  and  a  troop  of  the  4th  Dragoon 
Guards,  to  quell  the  riots  in  Yorkshire. 
In  1838  retired  from  the  army  by  the 
sale  of  his  commission ;  sailed  for  South 
Australia  in  the  same  year  in  the  "  Rajah- 
sthan,''  and  landed  at  Glenelg  November 
21,  1839;  setyed  with  his  family  at 
O'Halloran  HilL  On  February  2nd  was 
nominated  a  Justice  of  the  Peace.  On 
February  26,  1840,  he  was  gazetted  Com- 
mandant of  the  South  Australian  Militia, 
and  on  June  8th,  Commissioner  of  PoUce. 
In  1840,  when  the  "Maria"  was 
wrecked  in  Lacepede  Bay,  and  the  crew 
were  murdered  by  the  blacks.  Major 
O'Halloran  went  down  to  investigate  the 
matter.  The  result  of  the  investigation 
was  that  the  Major  hanged  two  or  three 
of  the  natives.  This  proceeding  was  very 
severely  condemned  by  a  number  of 
colonists,  who  made  very  strong  repre- 
sentations upon  the  subject  to  both  the 
local  and  home  Governments.  The  result 
showed,  however,  that  the  summary  mea- 
sures adopted  by  the  Major  were  the 
wisest  and  safest  On  August  17th  of 
the  same  year  he  was  sent  in  command 
of  an  expedition  against  the  Milmenura 
(Murray)  blacks;  on  April,  21,*  1841, 
conunanded  an  expedition  against  the 
Murray  and  Rufus  blacks  :  on  May  31st 
was  ag^in  sent  against  the  sUe  tribe^s ;  on 
November  7th  was  in  command  of  an  expe- 
dition to  Port  Lincoln,  against  the  Battara 
black&  On  April  12, 1843,  he  resigned  his 
appointment  as  Commissioner  of  Police. 
On  June  15th  of  the  same  year  he  was 
nominated  a  senior  non-official  Member  of 
the  old  nondnee  Council,  which  position  he 
held  for* eight  years,  until  the  establish- 
ment of  Representative  Government.  He 
was  returned  for  the  Legislative  Council  at 
the  first  election,  in  March,  1857.  In 
1863  he  resigned.  He  was  the  principal 
founder  and  supporter  of  Christ  church, 
O'Halloran  Hill,  and  one  of  the  original 
Grovemors  of  St.  Peter's  Collegiate  School. 
O'HEA,  William  Joseph,  was  born  in 
Meath,  and  was  educated  at  the  Diocesan 
Academy  of  Navan.  After  studying  for 
a  short  time  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
he  went  over  to  London,  and  became 
a    parliamentary   reporter.      BUs    health 


158 


OUOQHJLEN^^^JSSU)W 


idling  in  1853  lie  came  out  to  Victoria^ 
where  he  was  appointed  Secretary  to  the 
Commissariat.  In  1855,  on  the  establish- 
ment being  reduced,  he  quitted  the  Civil 
Service,  and  after  visiting  the  gold-fields 
joined  in  editing  the  Age  newspaper;  in 
1857  j(Hned  in  founding  the  Victorian 
Land  League.  In  1859  he  was  returned 
for*  the  Goldfiekbs  of  Ararat,  but  lost  his 
election  in  1861.  In  1877  he  was  elected 
for  Polwarth  and  South  Grenyille. 

O  LOGHLEN,  Sir  Brtan,  Bart.,  Al^ 
tomej-Oeneral  and  Acting  Premier  of 
Victoria  (1878-9),  was  bom  June  27, 
1828.  He  was  educated  at  St  Clement's 
school,  Oxfcnrd,  then  at  Ascot  Collie, 
Birmingham,  and  in  1846  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin ;  was  then  artioled  to  an 
engineer,  and  acquired  considerable  expe- 
rience in  railway  construction;  but  the 
panic  of  1849  induced  him  to  abandon  this 
profession,  and  he  took  to  fanning.  In 
1851  he  was  in  a  mercantile  house  in 
Lcmdon.  In  1852  he  returned  to  Trinity 
College,  having  determined  to  read  for  the 
Bar.  Having  kept  his  terms  he  was  called 
to  the  Irish  Bar  in  1856,  and  joined  the 
Munster  Circuit  for  five  years.  He  came  to 
Victoria  in  1862,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Victorian  Bar  in  1863,  when  ho  was  ap- 
pointed CVown  Prosecutor,  which  office  he 
resigned  in  1877,  and  in  1878  was  elected 
a  Member  of  the  Assembly.  He  married, 
in  1863,  Ella,  third  daughter  of  James 
Maekay  Sewiuxi,  Esq.,  of  Somerset,  Pres- 
ton, near  Melbourne,  and  has  a  large 
family.  On  the  death  of  his  unde.  Sir 
Coleman  O'Loghlen,  Sir  Bryan  was  elected, 
though  absent.  Member  for  Clare,  Ire- 
land, in  the  House  of  Commons  but  did 
not  take  his  seat;  and  on  April  24,  1879, 
the  Committee  of  Elections  of  the  House 
of  Commons  declared  the  seat  for  Clare 
vacant  by  reason  of  Sir  Bryan  O^Loghlen's 
acceptance  of  an  office  of  emolument  (the 
Attomey-Generalflhip  of  Victoria)  under 
the  Crown. 

O'MALLEY,  Rev.  Joseph  S.  J.,  was 
bom  in  Dublin,  in  October,  1832,  and  at  a 
very  early  age  evinced  a  strong  inclination 
for  the  ChurcL  In  1848  he  entered  the 
Missionary  College  at  All  Hallows,  near 
Dublin,  and  two  years  later  was  admitted  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Jesus.    He  passed 


his  novitiate  at  Issenheim,  in  AlsBoa 
In  1853  he  returned  to  Ireland,  and  spent 
eight  years  in  teaching  in  various  collies 
there  ;  in  1861  was  ordained  a  pries^ 
and,  after  a  year  in  England,  was  six 
years  at  Roma  In  1869  he  revisited 
his  native  land,  but  was  almost  imme- 
diately sent  to  Victoria  by  his  superiors, 
where  he  has  been  engaged  in  teaching  in 
St  Patrick's  College.  He  has  written  a 
pamphlet  against  secular  education. 

ONSLOW,  Captain  Arthur,  RN., 
bom  at  Trichinopoly,  India,  August  2, 
1833,  his  father  being  at  the  time  in  the 
Indian  Civil  Service.  In  1838  young 
Onslow  was  brought  to  Sydney,  and  lived 
for  about  two  years  with  his  maternal 
grandfather,  Mr.  Alexander  Macleay,  then 
Colonial  Secretary  of  New  South  Wales; 
went  to  England  in  1841  with  Mrs.  Du- 
maresq,  widow  of  Colonel  Dumaresq ;  was 
sent  to  school  in  Surrey,  and  then  in  Not- 
tinghamshire ;  entered  the  Navy  in  May, 
1847,  on  board  H.M.S  "Howe,"  120  guns, 
Captain  Sir  James  Stirling,  first  Governor 
of  West  Austitdia ;  served  for  three  years 
in  the  Channel  and  Mediterranean  Squad- 
rons ;  and,  amongst  other  services  took  the 
Queen  Dowager  Adelaide  to  Madeira ;  in 
1850  went  to  the  West  Coast  of  Africa, 
servingin  various  vessels  till  January  1854 ; 
was  present  in  1851  at  the  attacks  on  Lagos 
in  the  Bight  of  Biafra — a  great  stronghold 
of  the  slave  trade — now  an  English  colony. 
In  the  two  attacks  the  English  sustained  a 
loss  of  nine  killed  and  sixty-three  wounded 
The  place,  which  is  above  four  miles  up  a 
river,  with  a  very  nasty  bar,  was  strongly 
defended  with  stakes  and  piles  driven  into 
the  mud.  Upwards  of  forty  small  cannon 
were  taken,  and  the  Portuguese  slave- 
dealers  driven  out.  Whikt  returning  to 
England  in  HM  paddle-steamer  "  Vol- 
cano," very  severe  weather  was  experienced 
in  the  English  Channel,  and  the  vessel  sas- 
tained  considerable  damage,  eighteen  of  the 
crew  being  disabled.  The  Commander, 
Bobert  Coote,  now  Vice-Admiral  com- 
manding in  China,  wrote  reoommendii^ 
Mr.  Onslow's  promotion,  and  the  Admi- 
ralty acknowledging  his  praiseworthy  and 
gallant  conduct  in  clearing  the  wreck  of 
the  main-topmast  in  the  storm  of  January 
10th,   he   was    awarded  promotion,  and 


O'QUnrN— (ySHAKASSY. 


19» 


joiiied  the  <<  Cesar"  81,  Captain  John  Robb. 
lieatenuit  Oiisloiiv  sailed  for  the  Baltic 
in  Mareh,  1854.  He  exchanged  shortly  af- 
tenraida  into  the  ^*  Edinbyrgh,'^  and  vas 
present  at  the  bombardment  of  Sweaborg, 
in  1855.  In  March,  1857,  he  joined  H.M.a 
"  Ins  "  to  take  passage  for  the  "  Herald," 
Captain  Denham,  surveying  vessel  on  the 
Aiujtralian  station.  He  was  thus  employed 
surveying  Shark's  Bay,  and  the  numerous 
detached  coral  reefaon  the  East  Australian 
coast  outside  the  Great  Barrier  Beefs,  and 
in  Torres  Straits.  He  returned  to  England 
in  1861,  and  after  studying  steam  naviga- 
tion at  the  Koyal  Naval  College,  Ports- 
mouth, joined  the  "Phaeton,''  frigate, 
and  was  at  Vera  Cruz  during  the  French 
operations  at  Mexico  ;  was  promoted  to  be 
Commander  in  1 863 ;  joined  the  "  Meeanee" 
line-of-battle  ship  in  the  Mediterranean. 
His  health  idling  him  in  this  ship  he 
obtained  two  years'  sick  leave,  and  came  to 
Sydney.  It  is  remarkable  of  Captain 
Chkftlow  that  he  made  more  prize  money  in 
Sydney  harbour  than  during  his  3|  years 
active  service  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  or 
(luring  the  Russian  war.  It  appears  that 
in  1857  or  1858  some  Chinese  were 
tndeavourlD^  to  smuggle  gold  without 
laying  the  export  duty,  and  the  Water 
poHce  or  Customs  officers  were  attempting 
to  seize  them.  They  resisted,  and  appUca- 
tion  for  assistance  was  made  to  Commander 
Onslow  of  H.  M.  S.  '<  Herald  "  which  hap- 
pened to  be  in  the  harbour.  Commander 
Onslow  married  the  daughter  of  Mr. 
James  Macarthur,  of  Camden,  in  1867, 
and  entered  N.S.W.  Parliament  for  Cam- 
den in  January,  1870,  which  constituency 
be  has  uninterruptedly  represented  In 
April,  1871,  he  was  placed  on  the  retired 
list,  and  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Post 
Captain  ;  in  1874  he  accompanied  Mr. 
Wm.  Maeleay  in  the  "Chevert"  on  an 
expedition  to  New  Guinea^  and  returned 
the  fame  year,  to  Sydney. 

O'QUINN,  Et.  Rev.  James,  Boman 
Ooholic  Bishop  of  Brisbane,  was  bom  at 
Athy,  county  Kildare,  1820;  educated  in 
Ireland,  and  went  to  Home  to  pursue  his  the- 
ological studies.  He  was  ordained  a  priest 
in  1843,  and  took  charge  of  an  academical 
institution  in  Dublin.  On  June  29,  1859, 
he  was  oonaecrated  first  Boman  Catholic 


Bishop  of  Brisbane,  where  .he  arrived  in 
1861.  By  his  tact  and  tolerant  spirit  he  has 
on  two  occasions — at  Charters  Towers  in 
1872,  and  at  Ipswich  in  1874 — ^turned  aside 
the  angry  passions  of  the  Orangemen  and 
ihe  Bmiun  Catholics,  and  prevented  these 
bodies  from  coming  into  collision. 

OKD,  Sir  Harrt  St.  George,  C.B., 
K.C.M.G.,  Governor  of  Western  Australia, 
entered  the  Boyal  Engineers  in  1850 ;  in 
1854  served  in  the  Baltic  under  Sir 
Henry  Jones,  and  dktinguirfied  himself 
by  his  courage  and  ability.  He  also  took 
part  in  seveial  engagements  in  the  Baltic, 
resulting  in  the  capture  of  Bomarsund ; 
in  1861  was  appointed  Grovemor  of  Ber- 
muda, and  held  that  position  for  five  yeara 
He  was  also  employed  in  diplomatic  func- 
tions on  several  occasions  on  the  west 
coast  of  Africa ;  in  1867,  when  Singapore, 
Penang,  and  Malacca  were  separated  from 
the  Government  of  India,  and  formed  into 
a  Crown  Colony,  under  the  title  of  the 
Straits  Settlement,  he  was  selected  by  the 
Colonial  Office  as  the  first  Governor  of  the 
new  colony.  He  was  also  Commuider-in- 
chief  of  the  forces  there.  In  1877  he  was 
appointed  Governor  of  Western  Australia 
He  married  a  daughter  of  Admiral 
Carpenter,  and  has  three  sons,  all  of  whom 
have  distinguished  themselves  in  various 
branches  of  Her  Majesty's  service. 

O'SHANASSY,  Sir  John,  was  bom 
in  Tipperary,  1818.  His  father  died 
when  he  was  thirteen,  and  as  he  grew 
up  he  resolved  to  emigrate  ;  married 
and  came  out  to  Melbourne  in  1839  ; 
bought  a  cattle-run  in  the  Western  Port 
district,  but  in  1846,  not  finding  it  very 
profitable,  he  came  to  Melbourne  and 
commenced  business  as  a  draper ;  took  an 
active  part  in  the  agitation  in  favour  of 
a  separation  from  New  South  Wales,  and 
also  in  the  formation  of  the  Anti-Trans- 
portation League  in  1851.  In  that  year 
he  was  elected  to  the  first  Legislative 
Chamber  of  Victoria  ;  in  1856  was  elected 
for  Eilmore  ;  in  1857  became  Chief  Secre- 
tary, but  only  held  office  for  six  weeka 
In  1858  he  again  came  into  power,  and 
retained  it  imtil  the  end  of  1859 ;  in 
October,  1861,  returned  to  office  for  the 
third  time.  His  Grovemment  passed  several 
important  measures,  amongst  others  the 


160 


OXLEY— PALMER 


Electoral  Law  Amendment  Act  and  the 
Land  Act  of  1862.  In  1863  thej  retired, 
and  he  remained  in  opposition  until  1866, 
when  he  paid  a  visit  to  Europe.  He  re- 
turned in  1867,  and  was  elected  to  the 
Upper  House  for  the  Central  Province 
in  1868.  In  1874  he  resigned  his  seat, 
intending  to  re-enter  the  Lower  House,  but 
was  twice  defeated.  In  1877,  however, 
he  was  elected  for  Belfast.  He  has  a 
family  of  three  sons  and  three  daughters. 
He  has  always  been  an  unwavering  free- 
tiader,  a  pnfiimnigrationist,  and  &vours 
a  united  form  of  government,  for  the 
Australias,  rather  than  the  Federal  system. 
In  1870  he  was  made  a  Companion  of  the 
Order  of  Saints  Michael  and  George,  and 
'  in  1874  was.  created  ELC.MG.,  and  Eoit- 
Bachelor,  bj  special  warrant. 

OXLEY,  John,  bom  in  England  early 
in  1781 ;  whilst  quite  a  youth  entered  the 
Navy,  saw  some  active  service  in  various 
parts  of  the  world ;  rose  to  the  rank  of 
lieutenant ;  came  out  to  Australia  ;  was 
appointed  Surveyor-General  of  New  South 
Wales,   Jatiuary  1,   1812.     On  April  6, 

1817,  accompanied  by  Allan  Cunningham, 
the  Sling's  botanist,  Charles  Frazer,  colo- 
nial botanist,  Wm.  Parr,  mineralogist,  and 
eight  others,  he  started  on  an  exploring 
expedition  into  the  interior  of  Australia, 
and  was  absent  for  nineteen  weeks,  until 
August  29th  of  the  same  year,  when  he 
returned  to  Bathurst ;  traced  the  Lachlan 
and  Macquarie ;  named  Bell  River,  Eliza- 
beth  Eiver,    MoUe's     Kivulet,     Mounts 

4  Amyott,  Melville,  Cunningham,  Stuart, 
Byng,  Granard,  and  Bauer.  On  May 
20,  1818,  Mr.  Oxley  started  on  his 
second  expedition,  discovered  the  Castle- 
reagh  Biver  on  July  27th,  and  explored 
the  Macquarie  to  Mount  Harris,  where 
they  reported  an  inland  sea  existing ; 
named  Arbuthnot's  Range ;  discovered  and 
named  the  Peel  River,  the  Hastings 
River,  and  Port  Macquarie.  After 
naming  and  crossing  tributary  streams,  he 
ultimately  reached  Newcastle  November  6, 

1818.  On  August  11,  1824,  Mr.  Oxley 
was  made  a  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  of  New  South  Wales.  He  died 
May  25,  1828.  He  married  a  daughter 
of  Mr.  James  Norton  of  the  colony,  and 
had  several  children. 


PALMER,  Hoy.  Abthub  Hunteb,  was 
bom  in  Armagh,  in  1819  ;  came  to  New 
South  Wales  in  1838,  and  was  engaged  in 
pastoral  pursuits  as  manager  of  Mr. 
Dangar's  stations  in  the  north  of  New 
South  Wales.  In  1845  he  went  to  Queens- 
land. In  1866  he  was  returned  to  Parlia- 
ment, and  in  the  following  year  became 
Colonial  Secretary  in  the  Mackenzie 
Ministiy,  and  successively  Minister  for 
Public  Works  and  Minister  for  Lands 
in  the  same  Cabinet.  After  holding 
office  for  eighteen  months,  his  Ministry 
resigned ;  but  Mr.  Palmer  again  came  into 
power  in  1870,  and  formed  the  Palmer 
Ministry,  which  held  office  for  nearly  five 
years.  In  January,  1879,  Mr.  Palmer 
joined  Mr.  M'llwraith,  and  formed  the 
Ministiy  now  in  power,  taking  the 
office  of  Yice-President  of  the  'BcoLtd  of 
Lands  and  Works.  He  has  large  stations 
in  Queensland.  He  married  a  daughter 
of  Mr.  Mossman,  of  Sydney. 

PALMER,  Sir  James  Frederick,  was 
bom  in  Devonshire  in  1814.  He  arrived 
in  Victoria  in  1839,  and  practised  as  sur- 
geon, but  gave  up  this  profession  for  a 
ginger-beer  and  sodsrwater  manufactozy, 
and  afterwards  became  a  wine  and  spirit 
merchant.  In  1846  he  was  Mayor  of 
Melbourne ;  was  then  elected  Member 
for  Normanby,  and  in  1851  was  elected  the 
first  Speaker  of  the  Legislative  Council 
In  1856  he  was  returned  for  the  North- 
western Province,  and  elected  President  of 
the  Council  He  was  knighted  in  1857. 
He  died  in  1873. 

PALMER,  Rev.  Thomas  Ftsshe,  one 
of  the  "  Scotch  Martyrs,"  was  a  native  of 
Bedfordshire,  England^  and  descended  from 
one  of  the  oldest  ^unilies  in  that  county ; 
bom  about  the  year  1763,  educated  at 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  was 
a  fellow  of  Queen's  College,  but  in  conse- 
quence of  perusing  the  writings  of  Pr. 
Priestly,  had  embraced  Unitanan  opinions, 
and  in  1792  became  a  minister  of  a  church 
of  that  denomination  in  Dundee,  Scotland. 
He  was  a  man  of  excellent  understanding, 
unimpeachable  morals,  and  great  simplicitT 
of  character,  but  he  incautiously  took  part 
in  repubHshing  an  old  "Address  to  the 
people  of  Scotiand  concerning  the  Reform 
of  Parliament"    For  this   "offence"  he 


PARKER— PARKEa 


161 


was  tried  in  Edinburgh,  in  August,  1793, 
convicted  and  sentenced  to  seven  years 
tnnsportation  to  Botany  Bay,  where  he 
aniyed  in  September,  1794.  Mr.  Fahner 
was  Toluntarily  accompanied  in  his  banish- 
ment by  two  devoted,  although  humble 
friends,  named  Ellis  and  Boston,  who  by 
the  most  remarkable  instances  of  affec- 
tionate devotion  and  self-sacrificing  sym- 
pathy, were  the  means  of  saving  Mr. 
Pahner's  Ufe,  which  had  been  threatened 
hj  a  plot,  laid  by  the  captain  of  the 
''Surprise,"  the  vessel  which  brought  them 
to  Australia.  When  Mr.  Palmer's  sentence 
had  expired  in  1801,  Mr.  Ellis,  who  had 
meanwhile  established  himself  in  Sydney 
as  a  brewer,  fitted  out  a  small  .vessel  to 
convey  himself  and  his  friend  and  pastor 
to  En^and,  but  they  were  wrecked  on  one 
of  the  Ijuirone  Islands,  where  they  were 
taken  prisoners  by  the  Spaniards,  and  Mr. 
Pabner,  debilitated  by  hardship  and  suffer- 
ing, caught  a  fever  and  died,  December, 
1801. 

PARKER,  Sib  Henby  Watson,  Knt.- 
Bachelob  (1858),  fourth  surviving  son  of 
ThoQias  Watson  Parker,  Esq.,  of  Lewis- 
ham,  Kent,  and  of  the  daughter  of  John 
Camell,  of  Sevenoaks  and  of  Correndon, 
Hadlow,  Kent,  bom  at  Lewisham  1808 ; 
married,  1843,  the  youngest  daughter  of 
John  Macarthur,  Esq.,  of  Parramatta,  and 
of  Camden  Park,  New  South  Wales  ;  was 
Pnvate  Secretary  during  the  Government 
of  Sir  George  Gipps  ;  was  for  many  years 
a  Member  and  Chairman  of  Committees  of 
the  Legislative  Council ;  was  Prime  Minister 
and  Colonial  Secretary,  and  a  Member  of 
the  Executive  Council  of  New  South 
Wales  from  October  3, 1866,  to  September 
^  1857.  He  resides  at  Stawell  House, 
Richmond,  Surry,  England. 

^  PARKES,  Hon.  Sib  Henby,  KC.M.G., 
Colonial  Secnretary  and  Premier  of  New 
South  Wales,  was  bom  in  the  parish  of 
Stone-leigh,  Warwickshire,  May  27,  1816. 
His  education  was  begun  at  a  dame's 
school,  Kenilworth,  and  completed  at 
Oloacester,  as  far  as  schools  were  concerned, 
before  he  was  eleven  years  of  age.  At 
^ui  early  age  he  enter^  heartily  into  the 

political  moVemente  of  the  time,  and 
educated  himself  in  the  study  of  political 
and  social  questions.     In  July,  1839,  he 


came  out  to  New  South  Wale&  He 
worked  for  some  time  in  the  iron  store  of 
the  late  Mr.  Burdekin,  and  then  in 
Messrs.  Russell's  foundry.  He  afterwards 
established  himself  as  a  toy-maker,  and  then 
as  a  dealer  in  toys,  in  Hunter-street.  In 
1848  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  election 
of  the  Hon.  Robert  Lowe  for  Sydney. 
Subsequently  he  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  agitation  for  the  abolition  of  transpor- 
tation, and  was  a  member  of  the  Council 
of  the  Australasian  League.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1860,  he  started  the  Empire  news- 
paper, which  he  conducted  for  seven 
years.  By  that  time  he  had  begun  to 
make  himself  known  in  Sydney  as  a 
public  speaker ;  and  the  establishment  of 
the  paper  as  the  leading  organ  of  liberal 
progressive  views  in  the  colony  increased 
his  political  influenca  In  1853  he  con- 
tested with  Mr.  Thurlow  the  representa- 
tion of  Sydney,  but  was  defeated.  In  18^4 
he  was,  however,  again  brought  forward 
at  a  few  days'  notice,  and  defeated  Mr. 
Kemp  by  a  majority  of  more  than  two  to 
ona  In  1856  he  was  elected  one  of  the 
four  representatives  of  Sydney  for  the  new 
Legislative  Assembly.  He  tooka  veryactive 
part  against  the  nominee  principles  of  Mr. 
Wentworth's  Constitution  Act  After  the 
introduction  of  the  new  Constitution  he 
was  elected  by  a  large  majority,  and  in 
1858  gave  effective  aid  in  Parliament  to 
the  canying  of  the  Electoral  Act,  and 
was  returned  at  the  head  of  the  poll  for 
East  Sydney  at  the  first  general  election 
under  that  Act  For  some  time,  after 
twice  retiring  from  Parliament,  he  repre- 
sented the  district  of  Kiama.  In  1861 
he  proceeded  to  England  in  company 
with  Mr.  Dalley  as  Immigration  Com- 
missioner, and  returned  to  the  colony 
in  1863.  He  again  entered  Parliament, 
and  first  took  ofBce  in  1866, .  in  Sir  James 
Martin's  ministry,  as  Colonial  Secretary. 
The  great  work  that  he  accomplished 
whilst  in  that  Ministry  was  the  passing 
of  the  Public  Schools  Act  He  resigned 
in  September,  1868,  in  consequence  of 
a  difierence  of  opinion  with  his  col- 
leagues in  reference  to  the  treatment 
of  Mr.  Duncan,  the  Collector  of  Customs. 
Less  than  two  years  afterwards  he  resigned 
his  seat  in  Parliament,  but  towards  the 


162 


PARRY. 


end  of  the  year  1871  was  elected  far 
Mudgee.  In  May,  1872,  the  Martin^ 
Robertson  Ministry  was  defeated  on  the 
motion  of  Mr.  William  Forster,  on  the 
subject  of  the  Border  duties.  Mr.  Forster 
failed  to  form  a  Ministry ;  and  the  most 
influential  Members  of  the  triumphant 
opposition  hAving  indicated  their  opinion 
that  Mr.  Farkes  ought  to  be  a  Member  of 
the  new  Ministry,  he  was  sent  for,  and  in 
a  few  hours  formed  his  first  Administration. 
During  his  Ministry  he  effected,  with  the 
sanction  of  Parliament,  a  change  and 
enlargement  in  the  constitution  of  the  Min- 
istry. Tlie  office  of  Solicitor-Greneral  was 
abolished  ;  a  new  office,  that  of  Minister 
for  Justice  and  Public  Instruction,  was 
created,  and  also  that  of  Minister  for  Mines. 
The  retirement  of  Sir  Alfred  Stephen  from 
the  office  of  Chief  Justice  gave  the  Premier 
the  opportunity  of  naming  a  successor  to  the 
highest  position  under  the  Grovernor.  Mr. 
Butler,  the  Attomey-Greneral,  had  reason 
to  expect  that  this  high  office  would  be 
offered  to  him.  When  it  was  given  to 
Sir  James  Martin,  Mr.  Butler  left  the 
Ministry.  About  two  years  and  a  half 
later,  his  Ministry  was  defeated  on  a 
motion  of  Mr.  (now  Sir)  John  Robertson, 
(previously  moved  by  Mr.  Combes,  who, 
however,  was  at  this  time  absent  in  Eng- 
land), censuring  their  conduct  in  relation  to 
the  i*elease  of  the  prisoner  Gardiner.  From 
February,  1875,  to  March,  1877,  he  was 
in  opposition.  He  formally  resigned  the 
position  of  leader  of  the  opposition,  which 
was  successively  taken  up  by  Mr.  Fitz- 
patrick,  Mr.  Famell,  Mr.  Piddington,  and 
Mr.  Stephen  Brown.  Just  a^  the  weak- 
ness of  the  Government  came  to  a  crisis 
he  again  took  the  lead,  and  carried  a  vote 
of  censure  by  31  to  28.  The  Governor, 
after  consenting  to  dissolve  Parliament, 
on  the  assumption  that  supplies  would  be 
granted  for  the  interval  to  be  occupied  by 
a  general  election,  refused  to  grant  a  dis- 
solution when  he  found  that  the  Assembly 
had  withheld  supplies.  The  Ministry 
thereupon  resigned,  and  Mr.  Parkes  was 
summoned  a  second  time  to  form  an  Ad- 
ministration,  which  he  did  March  22, 1877. 
In  1877,  Mr.  Parkes  having,  it  is  under- 
stood, declined  a  previous  offer  of  distinc- 
tion from  the  Crown,  was  offered  the  rank 


of  Knight  Commander  in  the  order  of  Bt 
Michael  and  St  Greorge,  which  he  accepted. 
In  the  excitement  of  the  genecal  electioa 
of  December,  1877,  consequent  on  the 
continued  interchange  of  the  two  lead^s 
to  opposite  sides  of  the  House,  Sii*  Henry 
was  defeated  for  East  Sydney  (at  the  same 
time  that  the  rival  leader,  thea  Premier, 
Sir  John  Robertson,  was  defeated  for  West 
Sydney),  but  was  immediately  afterwards 
elected  for  Canterbury,  which  place  he  still 
represents.  On  August  17th  he  resigned, 
and  remained  in  opposition  until  Decem- 
ber, 1878,  when  he  was  again  sent  for  by 
the  Grovemor.  He  formed  a  coalition  witii 
Sir  John  Robertson,  and  occupies,  as  before, 
the  post  of  Colonial  Secretary  and  Premier. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Cobden  Club 

PARRY,  Right  Rev.  Edward,  D.D., 
Suffragan  Bishop  of  Dover,  is  the  only 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Rear-Admiral 
Sir  Edward  Parry,  K.C.B.,  the  well- 
known  navigator  and  explorer  of  the 
Arctic  Regions.  He  was  born  at  Grovem- 
ment  House,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales, 
in  1830,  and,  after  a  preliminary  training 
at  Rugby  School,  entered  BaJiol  CoUege, 
Oxford,  in  1849,  graduating  B.A.  (first- 
class  in  classics)  in  1852,  and  M.A  iu 
1855.  From  1853  to  1856  he  was  tutor 
at  Durham  University;  was  ordained 
deacon  in  1854,  priest  in  1855,  and  in 
in  1856  held  the  curacy  of  Sonning,  Berk- 
shire, under  the  Rev.  Hugh  Pearson. 
On  the  elevation  of  Dr.  Tait  to  the  see  of 
London,  at  the  close  of  that  year,  Mr. 
Parry  became  his  domestic  Chaplain, 
residing  and  working  with  his  lordship  for 
nearly  three  years.  In  the  ten  years 
which  followed,  from  1859  to  1869,  he 
held  the  rectory  of  Acton,  Middlesex,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  all  London  diocesan 
matters.  He  was  also  rural  dean  of  Eal- 
ing from  1863  to  1869,  when  he  was 
appointed  Archdeacon  and  Canon  of  Can- 
terbury. In  1870  he  was  appointed 
Bishop  Suffragan  of  Dover,  for  ^e  pro- 
vince of  Canterbury,  being  consecrated  in 
the  chapel  of  Lambeth  Palace  March  25th, 
under  letters  patent  from  the  Queen  and 
a  conmiission  from  the  Primate.  It  is 
worthy  of  note  that  he  was  the  first 
Sufi&agan  Bishop  consecrated  in  tlie 
Anglican  Church  for  309  years.     Bishop 


PARRY— PEABSOK 


163 


Tbtty  has  writtea  memoirs  of  his  father, 
a  work  which  has  passed  through  several 
editions,  "Memorial  of  Commander 
Cliarles  Pany,  RN."  (his  brother)  pub- 
lished in  1870. 

PARRY,  Sib  William  Edward,  Knt., 
was  bom  at  Bath,  in  1790.  He  entered 
the  Navy  in  1803,  and  saw  much  service 
in  the  Baltic,  Northern  Seas,  and  on 
the  American  coast.  In  1817  he  re- 
turned to  England,  and  in  April,  1818, 
went  as  Lieutenant  imder  Captain  Ross  to 
discover  the  North-west  Ptosage.  This 
expedition  returned  the  same  year,  con- 
trary to  his  advice,  and  he  was  sent  in 
command  of  an  expedition  in  which  he 
discovered  Barrow  Straits,  Melville  Island, 
Prince  Regent's  Inlet  and  Wellington 
Channel.  In  November,  1820,  he  reached 
England,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Commander.  He  published  "  Journal  of  a 
Voy^  for  the  Discovery  of  a  North- 
west Passage,"  and  in  May,  1821,  went 
m  command  of  a  second  expedition,  during 
which  he  discovered  the  Hecla  and  Fury 
Strait,  and  after  an  absence  of  nearly  three 
years  returned  and  published  his  journal  of 
a  second  expedition  for  the  discovery  of  a 
North-west  Passage.  In  1824  he  went  on 
a  third  expedition.  He  was  absent  little 
more  than  a  year  and  returned,  having 
lost  one  of  his  ships.  In  1827  he  endea- 
vonre<l  to  reach  the  Pole  in  flat-bottomed 
boats  drawn  over  the  ice  from  Spitzbergen, 
and  attained  the  latitude  of  82**  45'.  In 
1829  he  came  out  to  Sydney  as  Com- 
missioner of  the  Agricultural  Company, 
and  remained  until  1834.  Meanwhile  he 
had  been  made  a  knight,  and  in  1837  was 
appointed  to  supervise  the  packet  service 
between  Liverpool  and  Ireland.  From 
1837  to  1846,  he  acted  as  Comptroller  of 
steam-machinery  for  the  Navy.  In  1852 
he  was  promoted  to  be  Rear-Admiral  of 
the  White,  and  in  1853  became  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of  Greenwich  Hospital, 
which  office  he  held  till  his  death  in  1855. 

PATTESON,  Rt.  Rev.  John  Cole- 
KiDGE,  D.D.,  first  Bishop  of  Melanesia,  bom 
in  1826,  was  the  son  of  Sir  John  Patteson, 
an  eminent  Judge  ;  was  educated  at  Eton, 
and  graduated  at  Baliol  College,  Oxford. 
He  came  out  to  New  Zealand  in  1855  to 
usist  Bishop  Selwyn  in  his  missionary 


work  amongst  the  Solomon  and  other 
islands,  and  after  spending  five  years  in 
this  work,  in  1860  was  consecrated  in  New 
Zealand  by  the  Bishops  of  Nelson  and 
Wellington,  as  Bishop  of  Melanesia.  He 
visited  Sydney  and  Melbourne  in  1864, 
and  established  the  head  quarters  of  the 
mission  in  Norfolk,  where  native  youths 
of  the  Islands  were  educated  and  afterwards 
returned  to  impart  to  their  fellow-country- 
men the  blessings  of  Christianity  and  civil- 
isation. It  is  supposed  that  he  owed 
his  death  to  the  ill-feeUng  engendered  by 
the  coolie  traffic  (to  which  he  was  strongly 
opposed).  He  was  murdered  at  Nukapu 
in  the  Santa  Cruz  group,  September  20, 
1871. 

PATTISON,  Robert  Lorn,  was  bom 
at  Preston  Pans,  March  27,  1807.  He 
was  brought  up  to  the  sea,  and  in  1837 
came  out  to  Sydney  and  traded  in  colonial 
waters.  In  1840  he  was  put  in  command 
of  the  "  Rose,"  belonging  to  the  Hunter 
River  Steam  Navigation  Company ;  con- 
tinued in  this  employment  until  1849, 
when  he  married  Miss  Jane  Hill  and  went 
to  San  Francisco,  but  losing  his  wife 
within  a  year  of  his  arrival  there  he  re- 
turned to  Sydney.  In  1852  he  was 
successful  at  the  diggings  at  Bendigo.  In 
1853  he  married  Miss  Jane  Bailey  and 
settled  at  Newcastle,  but  went  to  sea 
again  within  twelve  months.  In  1852  he 
was  appointed  to  the  first  steamer  of  the 
Himter  River  (New)  Steam  Navigation 
Company,  and  continued  in  their  employ 
until  he  finally  retired,  and  after  living 
for  a  short  time  in  Sydney  settled  in  New- 
castle. He  died  October  10,  1877.  He 
had  saved  several  lives  from  drowning  in 
the  course  of  his  varied  career. 

PEARSON,  Charles  Henry,  M.A. 
bom  at  Islington,  September  7,  1830,  and 
educated  at  Rugby  School  and  King's 
College,  London,  and  at  Oriel  and  Exeter 
Colleges,  Oxford.  In  1854  he  was  elected 
fellow  of  Oriel,  and  in  1855  appointed  a 
Professor  of  Modem  History  at  King's 
College,  London,  a  position  he  resigned  in 
1865.  From  1869  to  1871  he  lectured 
on  Modem  History  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  and  in  1874  arrived  in  Vic- 
toria from  South  Australia,  where  he  had 
resided,  and  immediately  became  Lecturer 


164 


PEDDERr-PHILLIP. 


on  History  at  the  Melbourne  University  ; 
was  elected  a  Member  of  the  Assembly  in 
1878.  He  has  written  "A  History  of 
England  during  the  Early  and  Middle 
Ages,"  ''Historical  Maps  of  England 
during  the  first  Thirteen  Christian  Cen- 
tuiies,"  and  two  works  published  in 
Australia,  ''  History  of  England  in  the 
Fourteenth  Century,"  and  an  ''English 
Grammar."  In  December,  1878,  he  pro- 
ceeded with  the  Hon.  Graham  Berry  as 
Victorian  "  Ambassador"  to  the  House  of 
Commons,  England,  to  advocate  constitu- 
tional reform  for  Victoria. 

PEDDER,  Sir  John  Lewis,  Bart., 
Chief  Justice  of  Tasmania,  was  bom  in 
1784.  He  arrived  in  Tasmania  as  Chief 
Justice  in  1824 ;  retired  on  his  pension,  and 
returned  to  England  in  1855,  having  lost 
his  wife  four  yeara  previously.  He  died 
in  1860. 

PERRY,  Rt.  Rev.  Charles,  D.D.,  first 
Bishop  of  Melbourne,  was  bom  at  Hackney, 
February  17,  1807.  He  was  educated  at 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  graduated 
B.A.  in  1828  as  Senior  Wrangler  and 
Smith's  Prizeman ;  studied  for  the  Bar 
from  1828  to  1831,  when  he  returned 
to  College  as  tutor  and  assistant  till 
1841,  taking  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1837. 
He  was  ordained  deacon  in  1833,  and 
priest  in  1 836.  In  1 841  he  married  Fanny, 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  Samuel  Cooper,  of 
Tranby,  and  in  1842  became  incumbent  of 
St.  Paul's,  Cambridge.  On  June  29, 1847, 
he  was  consecrated  first  Bishop  of  Mel- 
bourne. He  arrived  in  Melbourne  January 
23,  1848,  finding  in  his  diocese  but  three 
clergymen  of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
had  before  him  the  whole  task  of  forming 
and  organising  the  Church  in  the  colony 
of  Victoria  :  his  abilities  in  doing  so  have 
been  signally  displayed.  He  left  Mel- 
bourne, April  26,1874,  for  his  health,  and 
resigned  the  see  in  1875.  He  now  resides 
in  England.  In  1877  he  was  appointed 
Prelate  of  the  Order  of  St.  Michael  and 
St.  George. 

PHILLIP,  Arthur,  first  Governor  of 
New  South  Wales,  was  a  son  of  Jacob 
Phillip,  a  native  of  Frankfort  in  Germany, 
who,  having  settled  in  England,  main- 
tained his  family  and  educated  his  son  by 
teaching  languages,     Arthur  Phillip  was 


bom  in  the  pariah  of  Allhallows,  Bread- 
street,  within  the  city  of  London,  October 
11,  1738.  Being  designed  for  a  seafaring 
life,  young  Phillip  was  sent  to  the  school 
at  Greenwich,  where  he  remained  several 
years.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  b^an  his 
maritime  career  under  Captain  Michael 
Everet  of  the  Navy,  at  the  commencement 
of  hostilities  in  1755,  and  at  the  same 
time  that  he  learned  the  rudiments  of  his 
profession  under  that  able  ofiicer  he  took 
part  with  him  in  the  early  misfortunes 
and  subsequent  glories  of  the  Seven  Tears' 
War.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  was 
made  Lieutenant  of  the  *'  Stirling  Castle," 
June  7,  1761,  by  Sir  Geoi^  Pococke,  an 
excellent  judge  of  naval  accomplishments. 
At  the  restoration  of  peace  in  1 763,  Phillip 
found  leisure  to  many  and  to  settle  at 
Lyndhurst  in  the  New  Forest,  where  he 
employed  himself  in  farming.  But  he  soon 
tired  of  quiet  country  life,  and  hastened 
to  offer  his  skill  and  services  to  Portugal 
when  it  engaged  in  war  with  SpaiiL  His 
offer  was  readily  accepted ;  and  such  was 
his  conduct  and  such  his  success,  that 
when  the  interference  of  France  in  1788 
made  it  necessary  to  return  to  his  duties 
in  the  British  Navy,  the  Portuguese  Court 
expressed  regret  at  his  departure.  Accord- 
ingly, on  his  return  to  England,  Septem- 
ber 2,  1779,  he  was  made  master  and 
commander  of  the  "Basilisk"  fire-ship. 
On  November  13,  1781,  he  was  made  post- 
captain  of  the  "Ariadne,"  frigate.  In  the 
latter  he  had  little  time  for  active  adven- 
tures, being  appointed  to  the  "Europe,"  64 
guns,  December  23,  1781.  In  January, 
1783,  he  sailed  with  a  reinforcement  to 
thB  East  Indies.  On  October  25,  1786, 
His  Majestjr's  ship  "  Sirius,"  lying  in  the 
dock  at  Deptford,  was  commissioned,  and 
the  command  given  to  Captain  Phillip  to 
sail  to  that  part  of  the  eastern  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia described  by  Captain  Cook,  and  to 
form  a  settlement  at  a  spot  named  Botany 
Bay.  The  success  of  Captain  Phillip  in 
safely  conveying  the  whole  of  the  "  First 
Fleet,"  and  landing  1,030  persons  in  New 
South  Wales  ;  his  selecting  and  removing 
the  settlement  from  Botany  Bay  to  Syd- 
ney, on  the  shores  of  Port  Jackson ;  and 
his  formally  founding  the  colony,  January 
26,  1788,  only  eight  days  after  anchoring 


PIDDINGTON— PLUNKETT. 


165 


in  Botany  Bay,  are  matters  too  well  known 
in  oonnection  with  the  histoiy  of  the  coun- 
trj  to  need  recapitulation.   Captain  Arthur 
Phillip  suocessfuUy  and  wisely  governed 
Kew  South  Wales  for  nearly  five  years. 
He  left  for  England  December  10,  1792; 
died  in  Bath^about  the  end  of  the  year  1 81 4. 
In   the    well-known    work    "Australian 
Discovery  and  Colonisation,"  by  Samuel 
Bennett^  the  following  character  of  Phillip 
is  given :  "Arthur  Phillip  was  undoubtedly 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  men  of  his  day, 
and  was  admirably  adapted  both  by  nature 
and  education  for  the  important  duties  with 
which  he  was  entrusted.     Kind  and  con- 
fiding under  ordinary  circumstances  almost 
to  a  fault,  where   firmness  and  decision 
were    required,    where    a    warning    was 
needed,  when  duty  was  neglected,  deceit 
practised,   or  the  public  interest  jeopar- 
dized,  he   regarded   leniency  as  a  most 
cnlpable    weakness.        His    punishments 
were  not  frequent  but  prompt  and  terrible. 
With  a  man  of  his  less  self-reliance,  less 
decision   of   character,  or  less  humanity, 
the  shores  of  Sydney  Cove  would  probably 
have  witnessed,  in   the  first  year  of  the 
existence   of    the    colony,    more  terrible 
scenes  of  vice  and  crime  than  any  which 
history   has   recorded.      Under  his  rule 
pabhc  order  was   never  for  a  moment 
endangered,  and  considering  all  the  cir- 
comstances  with  which  the  people  under 
his  charge  were  surrounded,  the  offences 
oonunitted  were  few  and  insignificant.    He 
left  the  colony  loaded  with  the  blessings 
of  those  over  whom  he  had  ruled,   and 
followed  by   earnest  wishes  for  his  safe 
letum  to  l^igland,  and  speedy  restoration 
to  health,     ^e  first  Australian  Governor, 
in  point  of  time,  he  must  also  be  regarded 
as  first  in  point  of  character  and  ability. 
The  linuted  and  remote  sphere  in  which  he 
exercised  his  talents,  his  death  in  a  short 
time  after  his  return  to  England,  and  the 
absorbing  interest  which  attached  at  that 
period  to  the  great  events  transpiring  on 
the  European  continent,   prevented   that 
i^eoognition  of  his  services  and  that  appre- 
ciation of  his  character  which  he  certainly 
nwnted  from  the  British  Government  and 
people,  and  which  in  more  peaceable  times, 
And  under  other  circumstances,  he  most 
Msnredly  would  liave  received." 


PIDDINGTON,  William  Richman, 
was  bom  near  London  in  1815 ;  entered 
the  book  trade  early  in  life  and  came  to 
Sydney  in  1838  ;  passed  some  time  on  the 
Hunter  in  farming,  but  soon  returned  to 
his  own  business  in  Sydney,  in  which  he 
was  veiy  suocessfuL  In  1848  he  came 
forward  as  a  warm  opponent  of  the  re- 
sumption of  transportation ;  in  1856  was 
elected  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  for 
Northumberland  and  the  Hunter.  From 
that  time  he  represented  the  Hawkesbury 
until  the  general  election  of  1877,  when  he 
lost  his  seat ;  joined  the  Parkes  Ministry 
in  1872  as  Treasurer,  but  had  to  retire  on 
account  of  his  ill  health.  In  1877  he 
again  took  office  on  the  return  to  power 
of  Sir  H.  Parkes,  and  retired  on  the  defeat 
of  the  Ministry  in  the  same  year. 

PILLARS,  Rev.  James,  was  bom 
in  Bristol,  June,  1834.  In  1844  he 
entered  University  College,  London ; 
after  completing  his  course  at  college 
was  made  minister  of  a  Unitarian  church 
in  Rochdala  In  1864  he  married  the 
daughter  of  Alderman  Wright,  of  Not- 
tingham, and  came  out  to  Sydney,  where 
he  arrived  November  5th  He  was  killed 
by  falling  over  the  cliffs  when  rambling 
by  the  seaside,  near  Sydney  Heads,  July  31, 
1875. 

PLUNKETT,  John  Hubert,  Q.C., 
bom  at  Mount  Plunkett,  county  Roscom- 
mon, in  1802  ;  educated  at  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  and  called  to  the  English  Bar ; 
came  out  to  New  South  Wales  in  June, 
1832,  as  Solicitor-GeneraJ.  In  1837,  on 
Mr.  Kinchela  being  promoted  to  the 
Bench,  Mr.  Plunkett  became  Attorney- 
General  (with  a  seat  in  the  Executive  and 
old  Legislative  CouncDs),  which  office  he 
held  for  nearly  twenty  years,  whilst  the 
Government  was  under  the  control  of 
the  home  authoritiea  He  was  then 
appointed  President  of  the  Board  of 
Education,  holding  the  seat  for  many 
years.  Whilst  Attorney-General  he  dis- 
tinguished himself  by  prosecuting  ten 
Europeans,  for  the  massacre  of  a  niun- 
ber  of  aboriginals,  men,  women,  and 
children;  procured  their  conviction,  and 
forthwith  seven  of  the  ringleaders  were 
executed.  Under  the  new  Constitution, 
in   1856,   he  represented  Argyle  in  the 


LS6. 


FOLDING. 


Legislative  Assembly.  Li  1866-68  he  re- 
presented the  Maitin-Forster  Government 
in  the  Legislative  Council,  and  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Legislative  Council  in  the  same 
year.  He  died  in  Melbourne  May  9, 
1869,  aged  67,  and  was  buried  in  Sydney, 
May  15,  1869. 

FOLDING,  His  Grace  the  Most 
B.EV£RE2iP  Count  John  Bede,  D.D., 
O.S.B.,  of  the  Order  of  St  Benedict— 
Boman  Catholic  Archbishop  of  Sydney, 
and  MetropoKtan  of  Austiulia  and  Tas- 
mania— ^was  bom  November  18,  1794, 
in  Liverpool,  England.  At  the  age  of 
eleven  years  he  entered  St  Gregory's 
College,  Downside,  in  Ireland.  On  July 
16,  1810,  in  his  sixteenth  year,  he  re- 
ceived the  habit  of  the  Benedictine  Order. 
On  July  18,  1811,  he  made  his  religious 
profession ;  and  after  eight  years'  special 
training  for  the  priesthood,  he  was  ordained 
priest  March  4,  1819.  On  the  21st  of  the 
same  month  he  celebrated  his  first  mass. 
He  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office  in  such 
a  manner  as  to  secure  the  approbation  of 
the  ChurcL  When,  in  1834,  it  was  re- 
solved to  send  out  a  Bishop,  as  chief  pastor 
of  the  Boman  Catholics  of  Australia--who 
had  before  been  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  Bishop  of  Mauritius — Dr.  Folding 
was  selected  for  this  important  work.  He 
was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Hiero-Csesarea, 
with  instructions  to  act  as  Yicar  Apostolic 
of  New  Holland  and  Van  Diemen's  Land. 
The  Bull  of  Fope  Gregory  XVL,  appoint- 
ing him  to  this  position,  was  dated 
May  2nd.  He  was  consecrated  on  the  Feast 
of  St  Feter  and  St  Faul,  Ju^e  29th. 
His  Lordship  arrived  in  Sydney  in  Sep- 
tember, 1835.  In  1841  he  visited  Eng- 
land, and  thence  proceeded  to  Home. 
There,  on  April  10,  1842,  \e  was  ap- 
pointed Archbishop  of  the  newly  erected 
See  of  Sydney.  During  his  stay  in  Home 
he  was  created  by  His  Holiness  the  Fope 
a  Count  of  the  Holy  Boman  Empire,  and 
was  also  made  a  Bishop  Assistant  to  the 
Papal  Throna  Great  excitement  was 
produced  on  his  return  to  the  colony  with 
the  title  of  Archbishop.  The  late  Bishop 
gS.  the  Church  of  England  publicly  pro- 
tested against  the  assumption  of  such  a 
title  by  any  one  within  the  dominions  of 
Hsr  Majesty,  without  the  authority  of  the 


Crown.  But,  like  the  Ecclesiastical  Titles 
Act  in  England,  this  protest  was  treated 
as  a  dead  letter,  except  in  so  far  as  it 
satisfied  the  consciences  of  those  who  sab- 
scribed  it  And  the  community  in  Aus- 
tralia has  understood,  and  accepted  with- 
out resei've,  the  principle  that  every  re- 
ligious denomination  is  to  have  perfect 
freedom,  without  molestation  or  interfer- 
ence, to  carry  out  its  own  organLzation, 
with  whatever  titles  it  may  see  fit  to 
use.  Archbishop  Folding  was  remark- 
able throughout  the  whole  of  his  career 
in  Australia  for  calm  and  conciliatory 
demeanour  towards  those  who  differ^ 
from  him  in  theological  views  and 
ecclesiastical  association.  In  1848  he 
again  visited  Borne,  and  brought  out 
with  him  on  his  return  a  number  of 
priests  and  sisters  of  charity,  for  the 
work  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  in 
these  coloniea  In  1854  he  made  a  third 
visit  to  Home,  accompanied  by  Dr. 
Gregory  ;  and  as  before  brought  out  priests 
and  sisters  of  charity.  He  spent  much 
of  his  time  in  traversing  the  interior 
of  this  extensive  colony,  and  visiting  the 
towns  of  Victoria,  Tasmania,  and  Queens- 
land. And  as  fruits  of  his  abun- 
dant labours  and  generous  enterprise,  no 
less  than  nine  dioceses  have  been  success- 
fully established  within  his  archdiocese; 
these  ere  the  Dioceses  of  Melbourne,  of 
Hobart  Town,  of  Adelaide,  of  Forth,  of 
Maitland,  of  Croulburn,  of  Bathurst^  of 
Brisbane,  and  of  Armidale.  In  the  early 
part  of  1862,  his  Grace,  assisted  by  some 
of  the  Bishops  within  the  See,  consecrated 
the  church  of  St  Benedict^  in  Farra- 
matta^street^  Sydney.  His  Grace  was 
always  ready  to  acknowledge  and  to 
honour  the  services  of  those  who  laboured 
with  zeal  and  fidelity  in  the  work  of 
the  Church.  And  on.  this  occasion,  the 
sermon  was  preached  by  one  who  was 
three  years  his  senior  in  age,  and  had 
long  preceded  him  as  a  priest  in  Australia, 
the  Very  Rev.  J.  J.  Therry,  Apch-Friesfc| 
&  man  whom,  on  many  opportunities,  he 
delighted  to  honour.  The  Archbishop's 
concern  for  the  training  of  the  young  in 
the  ways  of  religion  and  of  virtue,  was  a 
fitting  accompaniment  of  his  care  to  secure 
the  reverence  due  to  the  merits  of  thfi 


PRATT— PROXJT. 


167 


aged;  and  througlkoat  the  arclidiocese 
roung  and  old  were  found  harmoniously 
joming  to  express  their  reverence  for  his 
character,  and  their  ardent  affection 
towards  his  person.  On  November 
22,  1865,  His  Grace  left  Sydney  for 
Earope  for  the  fourth  time.  His  zeal,  in 
encountering,  when  over  three-score  and 
ten  years  of  age,  the  perils  of  the  deep 
and  the  hardships  of  a  long  voyage,  for 
thf  advancement  of  the  Church  in  Aus- 
tmlia,  elicited  warm  expressions  of  admir- 
ation. He  was  accompanied  on  that  occa- 
SHHi  by  the  Kev.  E.  M.  Athy.  This,  it 
wa£  supposed,  would  be  the  last  time  he 
would  venture  upon  so  arduous  a  journey. 
But  five  years  afterwards,  when  the  Pope 
summoned  the  bishops  of  the  Church  from 
all  parts  of  the  world  to  meet  in  the  great 
^Ecumenical  Council  of  the  Vatican,  and 
pronounce  the  decision  of  the  Church  on 
the  question  of  Papal  Infallibility,  Arch- 
bishop Polding  would  not  be  deterred 
br  any  consideration  of  the  ease  to  which 
bis  advanced  years  might  well  be  sup- 
posed to  entitle  him,  from  setting  out  to 
join  in  this  important  work.  This  was 
tbe  fifth  time  he  left  Australia  to  visit 
Borne  on  the  business  of  the  Church. 
But  though  his  zeal  was  unabated,  he  was 
not  able  to  bear  the  fatigues  of  the  journey, 
and  after  landing  at  Aden,  in  the  Bed 
Sea,  in  compliance  with  the  advice  of 
those  who  watched  with  affectionate 
anxiety  the  effects  of  the  passage  and  of 
the  tropical  heat  upon  his  physical  frame, 
he,  without  going  further,  returned  to 
Sydney.  After  that  time  he  repeatedly 
travelled  over  long  distances  in  this  country. 
He  died  at  the  Sacred  Heart  Presbytery, 
Darlinghurst,  Sydney,  March  16,  1877. 
After  the  usual  ceremonials,  his  remains 
were  honoured  with  a  public  funeral. 

PRATT,  General  Sir  Thomas  Simson, 
K.C.R,  entered  the  Army  as  Ensign, 
Febmary  2,  1814 ;  served  in  Holland, 
in  the  campaign  of  that  year,  with 
the  56th  Regiment,  "  and  was  pre- 
sent at  the  attack  on  Merxem,  and  the 
subsequent  bombardment  of  Antwerp  ; 
serred  with  the  26th  Cameronians  in 
the  China  Expedition,  for  which  he  re- 
ceived the  medal ;  commanded  the  land 
foroes  at  the  assault  and  capture  of  the 


forts  of  Chuenpee,  January  7,  1841 ; 
again  at  the  capture  of  the  Bogue  forts, 
February  26tL  He  commanded  the  26th 
at  the  attack  on  Canton ;  also  at  the  night- 
attack  on  Ningpo  Woo  Sung.  Was  Com- 
mander of  the  Military  Forces  in  Australia 
throughout  the  New  Zealand  war  against 
the  Maories  20  years  ago ;  whilst  thus 
employed  in  Australia  and  New  Zealand 
he  held  the  rank  of  Major-GreneraL  For 
his  services  in  New  Zealand  he  received 
the  medal  and  was  created  ILC.R  On 
January  8,  1860,  he  succeeded  ^  Sir 
Edmund  Macarthur  in  command  of  the 
Military  Forces  of  Victoria.  In  May, 
1862,  he  was  appointed  to  the  Colonelcy 
of  the  37th  Kegimei^t,  and  retired  from 
the  active  list  under  the  provisions  of 
the  Boyal  Warrant  of  May,  1878,  being 
over  the  age  of  70  years.  One  of  his 
daughters  was  married,  July,  1860,  to  Sir 
Henry  Barkly,  then  Governor  of  Vic- 
toria. General  Pratt  died  in  England, 
February,  1879. 

PRICE,  John,  was  bom  in  ComwalL 
He  arrived  in  Tasmania  in  1835  and  com- 
menced agricultural  pursuits,  but  soon 
gave  them  up .  to  enter  the  service  of  the 
Government,  and  attracted  attention  by 
his  daring  in  the  capture  of  bushrangenL 
In  1838  he  was  made  Police  Magistrate 
of  Hobart  Town  ;  in  1848  succeeded 
Captain  Mackonochie  as  Chief  Superinten- 
dent at  Norfolk  Ireland;  in  1853  was 
appointed  Chief  Inspector  of  the  Penal 
Establishment  in  Victoria.  On  March  26, 
1857,  he  was  attacked  by  82  of  the  con- 
victs at  Williams  Town,  Victoria,  and  re- 
ceived  such  severe  injuries  that  he  died  the 
next  day.     He  left  a  large  family. 

PROUT,  John  Skinner,  artist,  was 
the  nephew  of  the  late  Sir  Samuel  Prout^ 
noted  for  his  architectural  works ;  bom 
at  Plymouth  in  1802.  Before  leaving 
Englaad  he  published  in  1836  two  fine 
works  entitled  ''The  Antiquities  of 
Chester  "  and  "  The  Antiquities  of  Bris- 
tol" In  1 840  he  landed  at  Sydney,  where 
he  followed  his  profession  with  consider- 
able success ;  was  especially  noted  for  his 
skill  as  an  artist  in  water  colours ;  some  of 
his  works  are  now  to  be  seen  at  the  Art 
Academy,  Sydney;  visited  Tasmania  in 
1845,  and  Portly  afterwards  issued  his 


168 


QUINN— RAR 


''Tasmania  Illustrated "  in  four  series. 
In  1850  Mr.  Prout  returned  to  Engr 
land,  where  he  was  made  a  member  of  the 
"  New  Society  of  Painters  in  Water 
Colours  " ;  and  was  afterwards  elected  a 
member  of  the  Eoyal  Academy.  He  died 
near  London  in  1876. 

QUINN,  RiQHT  Rev.  Matthew,  Roman 
Catholic  Bishop  of  Bathurst,  was  bom  in 
county  Kildare,  May  29,  1821 ;  educated 
in  Rome  at  the  Propaganda  and  Irish 
Colleges,  where  he  studied  from  1837  to 
1847  ;  ordained  a  priest  February  15, 
1845,  at  St.  John's  Lateran,  and  conse- 
crated Bishop  in  Dublin  by  Cardinal 
Cullen,  November  14,  1865.  There  are 
29  priests  in  his  extensive  diocese, 
which  extends  to  the  borders  of  South 
Australia  and  Queensland,  being  divided 
from  the  diocese  of  Maitland  by  the  Mac- 
quarie,  and  from  the  diocese  of  Goiil- 
bum  by  the  Lachlan,  Murrumbidgee,  and 
Murray. 

RABONE,  Rev.  Stephen,  was  bom  in 
Staffordshire  January  9,  1811.  He  be- 
came a  Wesloyan  minister  in  1833  and 
was  appointed  to  Appleby  in  Westmore- 
land, but  in  1834  was  sent  -to  Yavau,  in 
the  Friendly  Islands,  as  a  missionary.  He 
and  his  w^e  arriv^  in  Hobart  Town  in 
1835.  He  laboured  amongst  the  islands 
for  fifteen  years,  and  in  1850  came  to 
Sydney,  and  was  appointed  to -the  Mait- 
land district  in  1851.  In  1861  he  was 
made  President  of  the  Wesleyan  Confer- 
ence. His  health  had  been  failing  during 
the  previous  two  years,  and  he  died  sud- 
denly in  Sydney,  July  21,  1872. 

RAE,  John,  M.A.,  bom  in  Aberdeen, 
January  9,  1813,  and  educated  at  the 
Grammar  School  and  Marischal  College. 
In  1831  he  joined  the  elocution  class  of 
Mr.  J.  B.  Calvert,  and  in  1832  took  the  de- 
gree of  M.A.,  having  been,  in  1830,  articled 
to  the  leading  law  firm  of  Aberdeen.  On 
completing  his  apprenticeship  he  went 
to  Edinburgh  to  attend  the  law  classes. 
In  1837  he  gained  a  prize  of  £20  offered  for 
an  Essay  on  the  subject,  "  A  Comparison 
of  the  Principal  English  Authors  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  Age  with  those  of  Queen  Anne, 
in  regard  to  Style."  A  boat  accident 
which  nearly  cost  him  his  life,  determined 
him  to  quit  his  native  place,  and  in  1839  he 


accepted  the  situation  of  secretaiy  and 
accountant  to  the  North  British  Austra- 
lasian Loan  and  Investment  Company, 
and  arrived  in  Sydney  December  Bth,  in 
that  year.  He  at  once  became  a  member 
of  the  Mechanics'  School  oi  Arts,  and 
during  1840  and  1841  assisted  in  geUang 
up  a  debating  class.  On  July  23,  1841, 
he  delivered  the  first  of  a  series  of  lec- 
tures on  "  Taste  "  and  on  "  The  English 
Language."  In  1842  he  wrote  the  lett^- 
press  for  "Sydney  Illustrated,"  and  re- 
peated his  lectures  (revised)  at  the  School 
of  Arts.  On  July  27,  1843,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Town  Clerk  of  Sydney,  and  the 
duties  of  that  office  somewhat  interfered 
with  his  literary  pursuits.  During  1844, 
however,  he  delivered,  at  the  School  of 
Arts,  ^ve  lectures  on  "The  Genius  and 
Character  of  Bums."  On  August  21st  of 
that  year  Mr.  J.  R.  Wilshire,  the  Mayor, 
gave  a  fancy  dress  ball,  and  Mr.  Rae  wrote 
a  description  of  it  in  a  serio-comic  poem  in 
4  cantos,  published  in  the  Sydney  Mormng 
Herald  in  April,  1845.  In  1845  he  made 
a  water-colour  sketch  of  the  turning  of  the 
first  sod  of  the  first  railway  in  Australia, 
which  was  subsequently  published.  In 
1853  he  published  a  version  of  Isa^i 
in  blank  verse  with  explanatory  notes. 
On  January  1,  1854,  on  the  abolition  of 
the  Sydney  Corporation,  Mr.  Rae  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  City  Commissioners, 
and  retained  this  office  until  the  re-estab^ 
lishment  of  the  cori)oration  on  April  1, 
1857.  Being  thus  relieved  from  duty 
he  went  overland  to  Melbourne,  and  on 
his  return  applied  to  the  Colonial  Secre- 
tary for  compensation  or  for  a  situation  of 
equal  value.  On  July  25th,  he  was  ap- 
pointed secretary  and  accountant  to  the 
Railway  Commissioners.  On  January  15, 
1861,  he  was  appointed  Under-Secretary 
for  Works,  acting  also  as  Commissioner 
for  Railways.  In  1875  he  published 
"Gleanings  from  my  Scrap  Book." 
In  1877  the  office  of  Commissioner  for 
Railways  was  made  independent  of  that 
of  Under-Secretary  for  Works,  and  Mr. 
Rae  was  relieved  from  its  duties  whilst 
still  retaining  the  office  of  Under-Secretary. 
Parliament  unanimously  voted  him  £800 
for  his  services  in  the  Railway  departeient. 
He   still   retains    the    office   of   Und^* 


RANDELL— REYNOLDS. 


1G9' 


Secretary  for  Works.  In  1845,  Mr.  Bae 
mftrried  Miss  Elizabeth  Thompson,  who 
died  December  20,  1877,  leaving  him 
four  SODS  and  two  daughters.  Mr.  Kae  is 
now  (May,  1879)  absent  on  leave. 

RANDELXi,- William  Richard,  South 
Australia,  was  bom  at  Sidbury,  Devon- 
shire, May  2,  1824 ;  educated  at  Eiceter, 
and  under  the  Rev.  Ralph  Drummond 
in  Adelaide,  where  he  arrived  with 
his  lather  in  October,  1837;  was  after- 
vards  engaged  in  pastoral  pursuits,  and  in 
1853  planned  and  built  a  steamer,  the 
"Mary  Ann,"  for  the  River  Murray 
navigation,  and  took  her  up  to  Maiden's 
Punt,  before  Captain  Cadell,  who  was 
assisted  by  the  Oovemment  Mr.  Randell, 
in  the  "Mary  Ann,"  pushed  on  to  Maiden's 
Punt  (Moama),  and  on  returning  overtook 
at  Euston  the  "  Lady  Augusta  "  with  the 
Governor  on  board  and  brought  her 
despatches  down  to  Adelaide.  Two 
years  after  thus  opening  the  Murray 
trade,  Mr.  Randell  constructed  a  more 
powerful  twin  steamer,  which  he  named 
the  '*  Oemini,"  and  in  this  he  proceeded  up 
the  Murrumbidgee  as  far  as  where  the 
township  of  Hay  now  stands,  then  known 
as  Lang's  Crossing.  The  following  year 
he  took  the  "Gemini"  up  the  Darling, 
which  had  been  previously  navigated  by 
Cqttain  Cadell  as  far  as  Mount  Murchi* 
son.  Mr.  Randell  went  about  1,000 
miles  farther  up  the  river  to  where  the 
township  of  Brewarrina  now  stands,  but 
the  water  being  low  a  rapid  prevented 
farther  progresa  The  next  trip,  the 
river  being  higher,  he  was  enabled  to  go 
about  250  miles  further  up  (100  by  land) 
to  Walgett  on  the  Namoi,  a  tributary  of 
the  Darling,  and  then  the  farthest  post- 
town  in  Riverina.  Since  then  Mr.  Ran- 
dell has  been  constantly  engaged  in  the 
Murray  trade,  and  has  now  three  steamers 
and  six  barges  on  the  river.  Very  great 
credit  is  due  to  Mr.  Randell  for  having, 
vnassiHed,  displayed  so  much  perseverance 
and  pluck  in  opening  up  a  trade  of  such 
vast  importance  to  South  Australia  and 
to  the  settlers  on  the  river.  He  worked 
^th  imtiring  energy  at  the  building  of 
his  steamers,  though  he  had  never  been  on 
hoard  a  steiun-vessel  in  his  life  until  he 
httiltthe  "Mary  Ann."      His  enterprise 


well  deserved  some  substantial  public 
recognition,  and  he  received  a  bonus  of 
£300  from  the  Government,  and  a  purse 
of  £400  with  a  testimonial  from  the  public. 

READ,  Sir  John  Cecil,  Bart.,  is  the 
only  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  John  Read, 
Bart,  of  Moyriol  House,  county  Clare, 
Ireland,  and  is  the  ninth  baronet,  though  he 
does  not  assume  the  title.  He  joined  the 
London  Police  Force  when  very  young  and 
was  placed  in  positions  of  great  trust, 
particularly  in  1848,  when  he  had  charge 
of  the  Clerkenwell  district.  In  1854  he 
resigned  on  a  pension;  in  1855  was 
appointed  in  London  to  an  Inspectorship 
in  the  New  South  Wales  Police,  and 
served  in  this  position  for  ^ve  years  and 
a  half,  during  which  time  he  was  in 
charge  of  the  police  at  Port  Curtis  during 
the  Canoona  gold  rush,  where  he  obtained 
the  highest  praise  from  Sir  Maurice 
O'Connell,  the  Government  Resident.  In 
1861  he  received  his  present  appointment 
of  Grovemor  of  Darlinghurst  Gaol.  He 
is  a  cool  and  courageous  officer. 

REID,  George  Houston,  son  of  Rev. 
John  Reid,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman,  was 
bom  at  Johnstone,  Renfrewshire,  Scotland, 
in  1845,  and  came  out  with  his  parents  in 
1852  to  Melbourne ;  in  1857  they  removed 
to  New  South  Wales.  On  July  18^ 
1864,  he  received  a  junior  appointment 
in  the  Civil  Serviiie  of  New  South  Wales; 
on  September  1,  1869,  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  Correspondence,  Treasury  depart- 
ment; and  in  1878  Secretary  to  the 
Attorney-General.  He  is  the  author  of 
'•  Five  Free-Trade  Essays,"  and  of  a  well- 
known  work  entitled  "  New  South  Wales, 
the  Mother  Colony  of  the  Australias." 
For  his  "  Essays,"  Mr.  Reid  was  elected 
an  Honorary  Member  of  the  Cobden 
Club. 

REYNOLDS,  Charles,  was  bom  in 
Devonshire  in  1806.  He  arrived  in  Sydney 
in  1840  and  purchased  a  station  on  Liver- 
pool Plains,  but  losing  the  greater  part  of 
his  stock  by  drought  he  settled  down  at 
Louth  Park,  near  Maitland,  and  devoted 
himself  to  breeding  stock,  in  which  he 
was  eminently  successful.  In  1843  he 
removed  to  Tocal,  and  his  Devon  and 
Hereford  cattle,  his  Leicester  sheep  and  his 
horses,  have  all  acquired  a  well-deserved 


170 


RICHARDS— RIDLEY. 


reputatioiL  He  died  in  consequence  of 
an  accident  in  September,  1871,  leaving 
A  widow,  four  sons,  and  one  daughter. 

RICHARDS,     THoaiAS,     Government 
Printer  and  Inspector  of   Stamps,   New 
South  Wales,  born  in  Sydney,  1831;  edu- 
cated at  Ebenezer,  on  the  Hawkesbury. 
Entered  the  Government  Printing  Office 
as  a  clerk  in  February,  1845 ;   but  pre- 
ferring an  industrial  occupation,  became 
SXL  apprentice.     After  passing  through  the 
technical  branches   of  the   business,  was 
Appointed  Overseer  in  1854,  and  Govern- 
ment Printer  and  Inspector  of  Stamps  in 
1859,  which  latter  positions  he  still  holds. 
The  present  admirable  condition  of  the 
Printing  Department  is  due  to  his  zealous 
administration.     By  progressive  improve- 
ment and  oi^nization  he  has  succeeded  in 
rendering  the  Government  Printing  Office 
one  of  the  most  complete  and  effective 
establi^ments  of  its  kind  in  the  Southern 
Hemisphere,  and  well  worthy  of  a  visit 
from  those  interested  in  the  advancement 
of  printing  and  the  cognate  arts  and  trades. 
In  1876  Mr.  Richards  visited  England  for 
the  benefit  of  his  health,  and  whilst  there 
received     a     commission     to     purchase 
machinery  aad  transact  other  business  on 
■account  of  the  department.     During  his 
stay  the  Caxton  Centenary  Exhibition  was 
held,  which  afibitled  him  L  opportunity  of 
seeing    exhibited    all    the    most   modem 
improvements    affecting    the    trade.     In 
^addition  to  this  advantage,  he  had  the  pri- 
vilege of  visiting  repeatedly  and  studying 
in  work  some  of  the  best  printing  houses 
in   England,  in  which   he  was  received 
with  great  cordiality,  and  had  every  facility 
given  him  for  prosecuting  his  inquiries. 
Mr.  Richards  was  authorized  to  purchase 
the  best  appliances  that  came  under  his 
notice,     and     the     Department    is    now 
well  furnished  with   the  most  approved 
machinery   in  every  branch* of  printing, 
bookbinding,   &c.      Economical  processes 
invented  by  Mr.  Richards  in  connection 
with  postage  stamp  and  debenture  printing 
have  been    adopted    in    several    of    the 
Colonie&     About  ten  years  ago  he  intro- 
duced the   process  of  photo-lithography, 
4uid  since  his  return  from  England  has 
juided  the  "Woodbury"  and  other  photo- 
onechanical  processes.     Mr.  Richards  has 


been  associ&ted  with  the  Volunteer  Force 
since  its  formation,  passing  through  all 
grades  up  to  the  rank,  which  he  now  holds, 
of  Senior  Major  in  the  1st  Raiment  of 
Volunteer  In&ntry.  He  has  always  been 
an  active  member  of  the  RiflQ  AsBOciation, 
and  maintains  a  good  place  amongst  the 
best  rifle  shot& 

RICHARDSON,  Sir  John  Lakkixs 
Cheese,  bom  in  Bengal,  August  4,  1810, 
and  educated  at  Addiscombe.  Early  in 
1829  he  went  to  India  as  an  artillery  cadet, 
and  having  passed  for  the  Bengal  Horse 
Artillery,  entered  the  East  India  Com- 
pany's Service  in  1830,  and  for  twenty- 
two  years  was  engaged  in  active  military 
service  in  India.  In  the  Afghan  and 
Sikh  wars  he  was  aide-de-camp  to  Sir  H. 
Smith,  and  was  wounded  at  EerozeshaL 
He  was  engaged  in  Cabul  in  1842,  and 
received  medals  and  clasps  for  these  ser- 
vices. In  1851  he  retired  from  the 
Service,  and  i  in  1852  paid  a  visit  to  New 
Zealand  and  published  an  account  of  it — 
"  A  Summer's  Excursion,"  and  also  a 
volume  in  blank  verse  entitled  "  The  First 
Christian  Martyr  in  New  Zealand"  He 
returned  to  England  the  same  yeu-,  but 
came  back  to  Otago  in  1856  and  settled  in 
the  Molyneaux  district.  He  was  a  Mem- 
ber and  Speaker  of  the  Provincial  Council, 
and  in  1861  was  chosen  Superintendent^ 
but  in  1863  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Harris, 
He  was  again  elected  Member  and  Speaker 
of  the  Council,  which  post  he  held  till 
1865,  when  he  resigned  on  takiiig  a  seat  in 
Mr.  Stafford's  Government.  Since  1861 
he  was  a  Member  of  the  General  Assembly 
until  he  was  elevated  to  the  Upper  House, 
of  which  he  became  Speaker.  He  was 
knighted  in  1875.  He  died  in  Dunedin, 
December  16,  1878. 

RIDLEY,  Rev.  William,  M.A.,  bom 
at  Hartfoixi  End,  Essex,  Septemb^  14, 
1819,  and  educated  at  King's  Coll^  and 
London  University.  In  1849  he  came  out 
'^th  Dr.  Lang  to  Sydney,  where  he  arrived 
in  1 8 50.  He  married  liOss  Isabella  Cotter; 
was  made  a  mioister  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church,  and  became  Professor  of 
Greek,  Latin,  and  Hebrew  in  the  Aus- 
tralian  College.  He  took  pastoral  chaige 
at  Portland  Bay,  Brisbane,  and  the  Man- 
ning River;   afterwards  devoted  himself 


EINTEIr— ROBERTS. 


171 


to  missLonaiy  work  amongst  the  abo- 
liginals.  The  care  of  his  £Eunily  caused 
Mm  to  relinguiah  this  occupation  and  to 
€ome  to  Sydney,  where  he  became  con- 
nected witJi  the  Empire  newspaper,  and 
continued  on  that  journal  uatil  its  dis- 
oontmuance.  For  the  last  five  years  of 
his  life  lie  was  the  principal  editor  of  the 
Evfrdng  News,  and  wrote  for  the  Toum  cmd 
CouiUry  J&wmaL  In  1877,  at  the  request 
of  the  Presbyterian  Synod,  he  acquired  the 
Chinese  language,  in  order  to  take  charge 
of  the  Chinese  mission  in  Sydney,  and  ^ 
he  gave  up  part  of  his  time  to  this  task 
He  (lied,  deeply  regretted,  October  26, 
1878,  after  a  very  short  illness,  leaving  a 
widow,  three  sons,  and  five  daughters. 

RINTEL,  Rev.  (Rabbi)  Moses,  was 
bom  in  Edinburgh,  in  1824,  son  of  the  late 
Bev.  Myer  Rintel,  a  famous  Hebrew  and 
Talmudus  scholar.  He  was  the  first  duly  au- 
tiiorized  Jewish  clergyman  in  the  colonies. 
He  arrived  in  Sydney  in  1844,  where  he 
established  the  Sydney  Hebrew  Academy  ; 
in  1849  accepted  the  office  of  minister  of 
the  newly  established  Jewish  congregation 
of  Melbourne.  He  married  the  same  year 
Miss  Hart,  and  has  had  a  family  of  nine 
children.  In  1856  he  founded  the  United 
Jewish  Friends'  Benefit  Society,  and  in 
1864,  mainly  through  his  exertions,  a  duly 
constituted  Bet^trDin,  the  only  one  out  of 
London,  was  established. 

ROBERTS,  Colonel  Charles  Ftsshe, 
was  bom  at  Ickwell,  Bedfordshii'Cj  August 
20,  1837;  educated  at  Royal  Military 
Academy,  Woolwich;  obtained  his  com- 
mifisaon  in  the  Royal  Artillery  in  February, 
1855,  as  Second  Lieutenant;  was  pro- 
moted to  be  First  Lieutenant  in  April, 
same  year  ;  landed  in  the  Crimea  in  that 
month;  was  present  during  the  re- 
mainder of  the  siege,  in  the  tvenches  with 
the  Bight-Siege  Train,  until  September 
2nd,  when  he  was  wounded  whilst  in  the 
adva&ced  trenches.  He  was  subsequently 
severely  and  very  dangerously  wounded, 
by  the  explosion  of  the  French  magazines, 
whilst  on  duty  in  the  Right-Gun  attack 
November  15th.  He  was  commended  per- 
Mually  by  Lord  Raglan  June  18th,  for  con- 
tinuing to  work  one  of  the  mortar  batteries 
after  having  been  knocked  down  by  a 
wg^xA  caimon  ball,  and  was  subsequently 


mentioned  in  despatches.  Received  Cri- 
mean medal,  Turkish  medal,  and  Italian  Or- 
der for  military  valour.  Served  in  India 
from  1858  to  1861,  during  which  time,  on 
the  expedition  into  Sikkim  being  formed, 
he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  Artillery 
accompanying  the  Force.  Was  mentioned 
in  despatches,  and  received  the  thanks  of 
the  Indian  Government  for  services  during 
the  expedition.  Was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Captain  in  October,  1862,  and  Major, 
for  services  in  the  field,  in  January,  1863. 
Served  in  Sydney  with  the  Royal  Artil- 
lery from  1865  to  1868,  during  part  of 
which  time  he  was  Acting  A.D.C.  and 
Private  Secretary  to  Sir  John  Young 
(Lord  Lisgar).  At  end  of  1871  he  retired 
from  the  Service,  and  in  December,  1872, 
undertook  the  duties  of  acting  secre- 
tary to  the  Agent-General  for  New  South 
Wales,  at  the  time  of  the  fii'st  illness  of  Sir 
Charles  Cowper,  which  position  he  resigned, 
on  his  leaving 'England  for  Australia,  in 
March,  1874.  In  August,  1876,  when 
the  Permanent  Artillery  was  increased, 
was  appointed  Colonel  Commanding  the 
Artillery  Forces  regular  and  volunteer. 
He  married,  in  1866,  one  of  the  daughters 
of  the  late  William  Bradley,  Esq.,  of 
Goulbum. 

ROBERTS,  Charles  James,  Mayor  of 
Sydney,  was  bom  in  Sydney  March  29, 
1846,  and  is  the  youngest  citizen  who  ever 
obtained  the  civic  dignities  of  Alderman 
and  Mayor.  He  received  his  early  educi^ 
tion  at  St.  James's  Grammar  School,  in 
Phillipstreet,  under  the  tuition  of  the  late 
Rev.  Thomas  Druitt  and  the  Rev.  .Canon 
Rich.  Upon  leaving  that  school  he  was 
entered  amongst  the  first  pupOs  at  the 
Sydney  Grammar  School,  under  the  headf 
mastership  of  W.  J. -Stephens,  M.A.  The 
Grammar  School  was  opened  in  August, 
1857  ;  here  Mr.  Roberts  remained  for  five 
years,  during  which  time  he  took  frequent 
prizes  for  mathematics  and  classics,  his 
proficiency  in  the  Greek  language  being 
very  marked.  He  was  intended  for  the 
legal  profession,  but  preferred  commercial 
pursuits,  and  ultimfiitely  purchased  from 
his  father,  Mr.  C.  W.  Roberts,  the  sole 
propiietorship  of  one  of  the  most  lucrative 
hotel  businesses  in  Sydney.  He  married 
Miss  Lucretia  Abraham,  daughter  of  Mr. 


172 


ROBERTSON. 


Abraham  Abraham.  On  the  retirement  in 
1877,  of  Mr.  Alderman  Macintosh,  M.L.A., 
from  the  representation  of  Macquarie  Ward 
Mr.  Roberts  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy, 
and  was  chosen  by  the  Aldermen  in  De- 
cember 1878,  to  fill  the  Mayoral  Chair. 
He  has  distinguished  himself  by  his  dignity 
in  the  ofiice,  and  by  his  liberality  to  the 
citizens,  to  whom  he  gave  a  magnificent 
Fancy  Dress  Ball,  at  the  Exhibition 
building,  Alfred  Park,  February  19,  1879. 
Mr.  C.  J.  Roberts  has  been  made  a  justice 
of  the  peace,  a  member  of  the  N.S.W.  In- 
ternational Exhibition  Commission,  and 
is  '*  ex  officio  "  chief  magistrate  of  the  city 
of  Sydney.  In  that  capacity  he  is  a  member 
of  the  board  (with  the  Superintendent  of 
Police  and  one  other  elected  Commissioner) 
of  Metropolitan  Transit  Commissioners. 

ROBERTSON,  Hon.  Sir  Johk, 
K.C.M.G.,  was  bom  at  the  village  of  Bow 
in  Essex,  October  15,  1816.  His  &ther 
was  a  Scotchman,  his  mother  was  English. 
In  1820  his  father  emigrated  with  his  wife 
and  family  of  six  children,  of  whom  Sir 
John  Robertson  was  the  fourtL  They  lived 
for  some  years  in  Sydney,  where  he  received 
his  first  scholastic  training  under  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Lang.  He  was  one  of  the  first  of  Dr. 
Lang's  pupils,  and  this  early  relationship 
was  by  both  often  remembered  with  plea- 
sant reflections.  He  was  also  for  some  time 
a  pupil  of  Mr.  Gilchrist,  and  afterwards 
of  Mr.  Cape.  Meanwhile  his  father 
entered  into  sheep  and  cattle  farming  on 
the  Hunter,  and  at  Liverpool  Plains.  The 
family  i*emoved  to  the  Hunter,  1835.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen,  having  a  great  desire 
to  see  the  world,  and  having  made  good 
use  of  the  opportunities  offered  for  nauti- 
cal practice  on  a  small  scale  in  Sydney 
harbour,  young  Robertson  entered  on 
board  the  ship  "  Sovereign "  and  worked 
his  way  to  England  as  one  of  the  ship's 
company.  Whilst  in  England,  the  most 
noteworthy  event  he  met  with  was 
an  invitation  from  Lord  Palmerston  to 
accompany  him  on  a  visit  to  his  country 
seat  at  Broadlands  in  Hampshire.  The 
way  in  which  this  was  brought  about  was 
as  follows  : — Some  two  or  three  years  be- 
fore he  left  the  colony,  a  young  man  was 
assigned  as  a  convict  servant  to  his  father. 
He  was,  although  a  convict,  a  gentlemanly 


young  fellow,  veiy  fond  of  horses  and 
dogs,  and  made  himself  useful  with  a  will 
in  the  work  of  the  station.  When  Mr. 
Robertson  was  starting  for  England,  at 
this  young  man's  request  he  willingly 
engaged  to  take  a  letter  and  some  pack- 
ages from  him  to  his  mother.  In  those 
days  postal  communication  was  compaiu- 
tively  rare,  there  being  no  subsidised 
mail,  and  many  letters  were  generally 
confided  to  anybody  "  going  home."  He 
took  a  large  number  from  people  in  Nev 
South  Wales  to  their  friends  in  England. 
On  his  arrival  in  London  he  went  to  Messrs. 
Walker  and  Company,  the  representatives 
of  his  father's  Sydney  agent,  on  whom  he 
had  a  letter  of  credit  At  their  advice  he 
posted  the  letters  from  their  office.  A 
few  days  after  this,  the  chief  of  the  firm 
of  Walker  and  Ca  said  to  him  on  his 
entering  the  office,  "  Here's  a  letter  for 
you  from  Lord  Palmerston."  He  was 
not  a  little  surprised,  and  at  first  was 
quite  incredulous,  as  he  knew  nothing  of 
Lord  Palmerston,  except  sls  a  statesman, 
and  had  brought  no  letter  to  him  or  any 
person  of  his  class,  as  far  as  he  was  aware. 
However,  the  letter  was  from  Lord 
Palmerston  sure  enough,  and  in  it  his 
lordship  asked  him  to  call  upon  him  at 
his  official  residence.  It  appealed  aftei^ 
wards  that  the  young  man  previously 
alluded  to  was  the  son  of  a  neighbour  of 
Lord  Palmerston,  and  that  kind-hearted 
nobleman  wished  to  get  all  the  information 
he  could  for  the  parents  in  reference  to  their 
banished  son.  He  waited  on  Lord  Palmer- 
ston as  i-equested,  and  was  received  most 
cordiaUy  by  his  lordship,  who,  after 
getting  answers  to  his  inquiries,  talked 
with  him  about  the  afialrs  of  the  colony, 
asking  his  opinion  of  the  Governor  and 
other  mattei's.  In  those  days  a  visit  to 
England  by  a  colonial  youth  was  an  un- 
common event,  and  Lord  Palmerston 
seems  to  have  thought  there  was  some- 
thing unusual  in  young  Robertson,  for  he 
not  only  treated  him  with  great  considerar 
tion,  but  invited  him  to.  take  a  trip  with 
him  to  Broadlands,  and  before  they  parted 
an  appointment  was  made  for  a  future 
day.  At  the  time  agreed  upon  his  lord- 
ship himself  drove  him  down  in  his  curricle 
to  Broadlands.     There  he  was  introduced 


ROBERTSON. 


173 


to  several  distinguished  visitors.  He 
stayed  three  days.  During  this  time  Lord 
Palmerston  joined  him  in  rambles  about 
the  estate,  and  took  him  to  see  a  ladj, 
the  mo^er  of  the  convict,  who  like  most 
persons  of  his  class  respectably  connected 
had  changed  his  name  to  prevent  disgrace 
to  his  rdbEitive&  This  lady  was  of  course 
thankful  to  see  one  who  could  tell  her  all 
about  her  banished  son.  At  the  end  of 
three  days  Lord  Falinerston  brought  him 
back  to  London,  and  on  parting  from  him 
desired  him  to  call  upon  him  again  before 
he  1^  England.  Accordingly,  in  a  month 
or  two  after  this,  he  called  upon  Lord 
Palmerston,  who  inquired  into  his  views 
and  prospects,  and  expressed  a  warm  desire 
to  serve  him.  He  explained  that  he  had 
come  to  see  the  old  country,  but  did  not 
intend  to  remain  much  longer,  and  there- 
fore would  not  be  in  a  position  to  take 
advantage  of  his  lordship's  offer.  On  part- 
ing, Lord  Pabnerston  gave  him  a  letter  to 
the  Governor,  Sir  Richard  Bourke,  ex- 
pressing the  interest  he  felt  in  his  young 
Mend,  and  bespeaking  the  Governor's 
favourable  consideration  towards  him  on 
his  return  to  the  colony.  Robertson,  how- 
ever, with  characteristic  independence, 
told  his  lordship  that  he  did  not  want 
anything  from  the  Governor.  He  was 
absent  from  the  colony  for  two  years, 
and  during  that  time  visited  different  parts 
of  England,  Scotland,  and  France,  and  then 
proceeded  to  Brazil  and  other  parts  of 
South  America.  During  this  tour  young 
Bobertson  gained  great  information.  On 
his  return  to  New  South  Wales,  his  friends 
persuaded  him  to  leave  the  sea,  though  he 
^>^tiB  in  a  fair  way  to  success  in  that  profes- 
sion, and  he  joined  his  father  and  brothers 
in  the  Northern  district.  He  continued  for 
many  years  in  the  management  of  stations 
and  engaged  in  squatting  and  farming  en- 
terprises. At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
married.  Shortly  afterwards,  he  was 
called  upon  to  undertake  a  duty  of  an 
important  and  somewhat  public  nature  on 
behalf  of  the  squatters  of  the  north.  It 
had  been  reported  to  Sir  George  Gipps 
that  some  of  the  squatters  in  the  west  had 
destroyed  blacks  by  putting  poison  in  the 
vaterholes,  and  to  prevent  tne  repetition 
of  the  alleged  crime  the  Governor  refused 


to  allow  the  squatters  to  take  out  their 
cattle  beyond  the  then  limits.  This  was 
felt  to  be  a  great  hardship,  and  Mr. 
Robertson  was  deputed  to  wait  on  the 
Governor  to  represent  the  matter  fairly  to 
him:  he  called  a  meeting  at  the  Ex- 
change, Sydney,  —  the  first  squatters' 
meeting  in  Australia — at  which  he  moved 
the  first  resolution.  JSe  had  become  a 
squatter  before  the  commencement  of  the 
system  of  hoenses,  and  held  one  of  the 
£ist  sets  of  licenses  issued.  This  meeting 
was  very  successful  ;  the  prohibition 
was  withdrawn  as  far  as  the  northern 
squatters  were  concerned,  and  on  his  re- 
turn he  received  the  thanks  of  his  fellow- 
squatters.  .  For  several  years  before  the 
introduction  of  responsible  Government  he 
was  regarded  by  the  settlers  of  the  Upper 
Hunter  and  surrounding  districts  as  the 
man  who  was  marked  out  by  his  public 
spirit  and  ability  as  entitled  to  receive 
the  expression  of  their  confidence  as  soon 
as  the  new  Constitution  should  place  them 
in  a  position  to  choose  their  representative. 
He  first  became  known  as  a  politician 
in  the  discussion  of  the  following  sub- 
jects :  Responsible  Government,  National 
Education,  and  the  Administration  of  the 
Lands.  His  views  on  these  questions  ap- 
proved themselves  to  the  minds  of  his 
fellow-colonists  in  that  quarter,  and  when 
the  new  Constitution  came  into  operation, 
in  1856,  he  was  the  first  man  in  the  colony 
who  received  a  requisition  to  offer  himself 
as  a  candidate.  Li  his  reply — the  first 
that  was  published  by  a  candidate  under 
the  new  Constitution — he  set  forth  the 
line  of  action  which  he  would  pursue  if 
elected.  The  chief  objects  which  he  then 
pledged  himself  to  pursue  were, — Manhood 
Su£&age,  Vote  by  Ballot,  the  Division  of 
Electoral  Districts  on  a  Population  Basis, 
the  Abolition  of  Stat&aid  to  Religion, 
National  Education,  and  Free  Selection 
OVER  THE  Public  Lands  of  the  Colony. 
To  the  attaimnent  of  these  objects  he  has 
devoted  his  best  energies,  and  he  has  had  the 
singular  satisfaction  of  seeing  all  of  them 
accomplished,  having  taken  a  prominent 
part  in  carrying  all  of  them  into  effect. 
Whilst  recording  this  success,  it  may  be 
noted  that,  from  the  time  of  his  first 
candidature    until    now,    he    has    been 


174 


•ROBERTBOK. 


remarkable  for  the  tenacious  consistency 
with  which  he  has  adhered  to  the  principles 
he  announced  at  the  outset  of  lus  6areer. 
He  was  elected  for  the  electoral  district  of 
Phillip,  Brisbane,  and  Bligh.  When 
the  Ministry  of  the  day  brought  for- 
ward their  Land  Bill,  he  proposed  to 
insert  clauses  providing  for  free  selec- 
tion over  the  public  lands  "surveyed 
or  unsurveyed."  This  clause  met  so  little 
favour  that  only  nine  Members  voted  with 
him.  Upon  the  defeat  of  his  amend- 
ment, he  moved  that  the  Bill  be  con- 
sidered in  Committee  that  day  six  months. 
The  squatters  now  joined  the  advocates  of 
free  selection  in  opposition  to  the  Minis- 
ters, and  the  Bill  was  thrown  out  The 
Government  brought  in  another  Bill,  with 
clauses  increasing  the  rental  of  runs.  This 
he  supported ;  but  the  measure  was  de- 
feated by  the  squatters,  and  Parliament 
was  dissolved.  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir) 
Charles  Cowper  invited  Mr.  Robertson 
to  join  his  Ministry,  and  he  became 
Minister  for  Lands  and  Works  January 
13,  1858.  On  February  22nd  he  issued 
regulations  providing  that  all  future 
pastoral  leases  should  be  made  subject  to 
whatever  conditions  Parliament  might  im- 
pose when  they  came  to  legislate  on  the 
subject;  so  that,  when  legislation  took 
place  in  1861,  Parliament  dealt  with  the 
subject  from  February  22,  1858.  He 
now  gave  his  assistance  in  carrying  an 
Electoral  Act  and  other  measures.  But 
before  the  second  reading  of  the  Bill 
came  on,  the  Government  were  defeated 
on  their  Education  Bill,  and  resigned 
October  26, 1 859.  A  few  weeks  previously, 
the  department  of  Lands  and  Works  was 
divided,  and  Mr.  Robertson  became  Minis- 
ter for  Lands  on  October  1.  The  Forster 
Ministry  succeeded,  and  Mr.  John  Black, 
Minister  for  Lands,  and  Mr.  Edward  Flood, 
Minister  for  Works,  prepared  a  Bill  the 
main  feature  of  which  was  a  limited  right  of 
selection  over  proclaimed  agricultural  areas. 
This  measure,  however,  never  came  to  a 
Parliamentary  decision,  as  the  Govern- 
ment was  defeated  on  its  Elective 
Upper  House  Bill,  and  compelled  to  retire 
by  a  vote  of  want  of  confidence.  Mr. 
Cowper  having  retired  from  Parliament, 
Mr.  Robertson  was  left  at  the  head  of  the 


party  in  the  Assembly,  and  was  therefore 
call^  on  to  form  an  Administration,  which 
he  did  March  9,  1860.  His  first  bua- 
ness  was  the  introduction  of  his  Land 
Bill  The  main  principle  of  the  Oown 
Lands  'Alienation  Bill  was,  on  a  mo- 
tion by  Mr.  Hay,  rejected  by  a  small  ma- 
jority. The  result  was  an  appeal  to  the 
people  on  the  question  of  "Free  Selection 
before  Survey,'*  or  rather,  according  to  the 
purport  and  effect  of  the  Bill  itself,  "Free 
Selection  over  the  Public  Land  Surveyed 
and  Unsurveyed."  The  new  Parliament 
assembled  January  10,  1861,  and  passed 
Mr.  Robertson's  Land  BiU;  though,  in 
order  to  secure  the  result,  he  himself 
retired  from  the  Assembly  and  entered 
the  Council  as  a  nominee  to  assist  in  pass- 
ing the  measure  through  the  Upper  House. 
This  Parliament  also  passed  the  Act  to  pro- 
hibit future  grants  for  Public  Worship.  In 
1866  Mr.  (now  Sir)  Henry  Parkes  brought 
in  his  Public  Schools  Bill ;  and  notwith- 
standing the  usual  opposition  between  these 
two  leaders  and  their  respective  parties, 
Mr.  Parkes  received  the  cordial  and  con- 
sistent support  of  Mr.  Robertson,  who  has 
thus  taken  part  in  the  accomplishment  of 
all  the  chief  measures  which  were  com- 
prised in  the  political  creed  he  put  forth 
on  his  first  appeal  to  the  electors  in  1856. 
On  October  27,  1868,  he  again  became 
Premier  and  Colonial  Secretary ;  but  in 
January,  1 870,  he  gave  up  the  Premiership 
to  Mr.  Cowper,  he  himself  taking  the  Lands 
department.  From  December  16,  1870, 
to  May  13,  1872,  he  was  Colonial  Secre- 
tary in  the  Martin  Ministry.  On  Febru- 
ary 9,  1875,  he  formed  another  Ministiy, 
in  which  he  took  the  Colonial  Secretary's 
department ;  this  Government  lasted  until 
March  21,  1877.  After  several  offers  of 
distinction  during  the  last  ten  years,  which 
were,  however,  until  recently  declined,  he 
was,  in  1877,  created  a  KC.M.G.  On 
August  17th  he  again  became  Colonial 
Secretary ;  but  the  Government  retired 
December  17,  1877.  At  the  general  elec- 
tion in  December,  1877,  the  agitation  that 
prevailed  in  consequence  of  Qie  frequent 
changes  of  government  producing  so  smaU 
an  amount  of  legislation,  resulted  in  the 
defeat  of  Sir  John  Robertson  for  West 
Sydney  (as  the  rival  political  leader,  Sir 


ROBINQQK— ROLLESTOK 


US' 


Heniy  Parkes,  had,  two  days  previously, 
been  defeated  for  East  Sydney) ;  but  he 
was  immediately  afterwards  chosen  to 
represent  two  oonstituencies — ^Mudgee  and 
the  Began.  When  the  House  met,  Sir 
John  elected  to  take  his  seat  for  Mudgee. 
On  the  defeat  of  the  Famell  Ministry,  Sir 
John  Robertson  was  sent  for  to  form  a 
Goveniment,  but  being  unsuccessful,  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Assembly  ;  and  the 
Famell  Ministry,  attempting  to  continue 
to  cany  on  the  Grovemment,  was  again 
defeated,  and  Sir  John  Robertson  joined 
Sir  Henry  Parkes,  December  20,  1878, 
in  forming  the  present  Administration 
(1879),  taking  his  seat  in  the  Upper  House, 
as  Vice-President  of  the  Executive  Council 
and  Representative  of  the  Government. 

ROBINSON,  SiB  Hekcules  George 
Robert,  G.C.M.G.,  &Cy  &c.,  second  son  of 
Admiral  Robinson,  was  bom  at  Hosemeath, 
county  Westmeath,  in  1824;  was  edu- 
cated at  Sandhurst,  and  entered  the  87th 
raiment;  but  in  1846  retired  from  the 
army  and  was  employed  under  the  Poor 
Law  Board,  in  Ireland,  upon  the  works 
undertaken  during  the  famine.  The  same 
year  he  married  the  Honorable  Nea 
Arthur  Ada  Hose  D'Amour,  fifth  daughter 
of  Viscount  Valentia,  In  1852  he  was 
made  Chief  Commissioner  to  inquire  into 
the  fairs  and  markets  of  Ireland ;  in  1854 
he  was  made  President  of  Montserrat, 
and  in  1856,  lieutenant-Governor  of  St. 
Christopher.  In  1859  he  received  the 
honour  of  knighthood,  and  was  made 
Governor  of  Hong  Kong.  In  1865  he 
was  appointed  Governor  of  Ceylon,  and  in 
1872  was  transferred  to  New  South 
Wales ;  in  1874  visited  Fiji,  and  obtained 
thecession  of  these  islands  to  Great  Britain; 
was  Acting  Governor  of  them  until  the 
arrival  of  Sir  Arthur  Gordon  ;  in  March, 
1879,  was  appointed  Governor  of  New 
Zealand  Sir  Hercules  Kobinson  is  one  of 
the  most  eloquent  speakers  in  any  branch 
of  public  life  that  luis  ever  been  in  the  co- 
lony ;  he  knows  how  to  say  the  right  thing 
ftt  the  right  time,  and  in  the  right  place, 
And  his  speeches  on  a  variety  of  subjects 
delivered  during  his  term  of  o&ce  as  Gover- 
nor merit  preservation  in  the  annals  of 
oratoiy.  He  is  a  man  of  most  courteous 
li^ttniig,  and  poflseflses  a  powerful  intellect 


added  to  great  detetmination  of  character. 
Sir  Hercules  possessed  a  line  stud  of  ti-ained 
racehorses,  and  by  liis  personal  example, 
contributed  greatly  towards  elevating  the 
turf  in  N.S.W.  to  a  noble  sport. 

ROBINSON,  Sir  William  Cleavee 
Francis,  K.C.M.G.,  fourth  son  of  Ad- 
miral Bobinson,  was  bom  at  Kose- 
meath,  county  Westmeath,  in  1834.  In 
1856  he  accompanied  his  brother  to  St. 
Kitts,  and  in  1859  to  Hong  Kong  as  hi& 
Private  Secretary.  In  1862  he  was  ap- 
pointed President  of  Montserrat,  in  the 
West  Indies,  and  in  the  same  yeai*  married 
Olivia,  daughter  of  Dr.  Townsend,  the 
Bishop  of  Meath.  During  1865  he  was- 
Acting  Governor  of  Dominica  In  1866 
he  was  made  Governor  of  the  Falkland 
Islands,  and  in  1870  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  until  its  incorporation  with  the 
Dominion  of  Canada  in  1873.  In  No- 
vember, 1874,  he  was  appointed  Governor 
of  Western  Australia,  and  in  1877,  Govei^ 
nor  of  the  Straits  Settlement. 

ROLLESTON,  Christopher,  bom 
in  Nottinghamshire  in  1817,  was  edu- 
cated under  private  tutors;  arrived  in 
New  South  Wales  in  1838,  and  was  for 
five  years  engaged  in  farming  on  tho 
Hunter.  In  January,  1843,  was  appointed 
Commissioner  for  Crown  Lands  for  Dar- 
ling Downs.  In  February,  1853,  went  to 
England  on  leave  of  absence.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1854,  returned  to  the  colony,  and  was 
appointed  Private  Secretary  to  Sir  William 
Denison  in  January,  1855.  In  March, 
1856,  made  Begistrar-GeneraJ,  when  he 
inaugurated  the  present  system  of  regis- 
tration. In  1858,  the  statistical  branch 
of  the  Colonial  Secretary's  department 
was  transferred  to  the  Registrar-General, 
and  the  Statistical  Begister  was  first  pub- 
lidied  In  the  same  year  the  BegiBtration 
of  Deeds  was  transferred  from  the  Supreme 
Court  to  his  department.  In  1862  the 
Heal  Property  Act  was  passed,  and  its  in- 
troduction devolved  upon  him.  In  No- 
vember, 1864,  he  was  appointed  Auditor- 
General.  In  1870  the  present  Audit  Act 
was  passed,  under  which  the  finances  are 
now  administered,  the  value  of  which 
measure  is  evidenced  by  the  order  and 
regularity  shown  in  the  annual  accounts 
laid  before  Parliament 


176 


ROPER-RUSDEN. 


ROPER,  John,  was  bom  at  Gayton 
Thorpe,  county  Norfolk,  February  29, 
1824,  and  was  educated  at  Fakenham 
and  Lynn ;  he  came  to  the  colony  in 
1843.  In  1844,  he.  Dr.  Leichhardt  and 
J.  S.  Calvert  accomplished  the  famous 
exploring  expedition  from  Bnsbane  to 
Port  Essington,  and  the  River  Roper  was 
niuned  after  him  in  consequence  of  his 
having  discovered  it  In  1847  he  was 
^appointed  Clerk  of  Petty  Sessions  at 
Albury,  a  Magistrate  in  1854,  and  Mayor 
of  Albury  in  1862.  In  1868  he  was  made 
Inspector  of  Stock  for  the  district,  which 
office  he  still  holds.  He  is  also  President 
of  the  Albury  Hospital,  School  of  Arts, 
Jockey  Club,  and  .^Agricultural  Society  at 
Albuiy. 

ROUS,  Admiral,  The  Hon.  Henrt 
John,  second  son  of  the  Earl  of  Strad- 
broke,  w^  bom  January  23,  1796.  He 
was  educated  at  Dr.  Bumey's  academy 
in  Grosport,  and  joined  the  "Repulse" 
as  a  midshipman  in  1808 ;  from 
her  he  went  to  the  "Bacchante,"  and 
distinguished  himself  in  several  boat 
actions.  In  1823  he  obtained  his  first 
command,  and  in  1825  came  out  to 
Sydney  in  the  "  Rainbow,"  and  was  in 
Australian  waters  for  four  years.  During 
this  period  he  imported  "  Emigrant,"  the 
sire  of  some  of  the  best  Australian 
horses.  In  August,  1829,  discovered  the 
Richmond  and  the  Clarence  Rivers;  in 
September  was  made  a  member  of 
the  Parramatta  Jockey  Club>  in  1830 
went  on  half-pay  until  1835,  when  he 
brought  the  "  Pique  "  home  from  Quebec 
to  Spithead,  after  she  had  been  on  the 
•rocks  on  the  Labradore  coast.  In  1836 
he  married  Sophia,  daughter  of  the  late 
J.  R  Cuthbert,  Esquire,  and  retired  from 
the  Navy.  In  1841  he  entered  Parlia- 
ment  for  Westminster,  but  was  not  re- 
elected in  1846.  He  is  best  known,  how- 
ever, by  his  patronage  of  the  turf  and  his 
strenuous  efforts  to  raise  the  character  of 
racing  pursuits.     He  died  in  1877. 

RUSDEN,  Rev.  George  Keylock, 
M.A.,  bom  in  1786,  was  educated 
at  Merchant  Tailors'  School,  where  he 
gained  an  exhibition  for  Pembroke  Hall, 
Oambridge,  to  which  he  proceeded  and 
graduated  M.  A«     In  1 809  he  was  ordained 


deacon,  and  priest  in  1810.  In  1809  be 
married  Anne,  the  only  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Townsend,  by  whom  he  had 
five  sons  and  six  daughters.  For  twenty- 
three  years  he  kept  a  private  sdiool  at 
Leith  Hill  Place,  Surrey,  but  the  lease 
having  expired,  and  his  eldest  son  having 
already  gone  out  with  a  Qovemment 
appointment  to  New  South  Wales,  he  em- 
barked for  Sydney  in  October,  1833, 
arriving  May  1, 1834.  As  Colonial  Ghxp- 
lain  he  was  stationed  at  East  JJlLaitland, 
where  he  proceeded  in  August,  1834, 
and  had,  at  first,  charge  of  all  the  Hunter 
above  Maitiand.  At  a  later  period  his 
district  was  curtailed,  as  other  clergy  were 
stationed  beyond  Maitiand.  He  died  in 
1859.  He  was  an  excellent  mathematician 
and  an  accomplished  linguist,  adding  to 
the  classic  tongues  a  knowledge  of  the 
modem  and  oriental  languages. 

RUSDEN,  George  William,  third  son 
of  the  Rev.  G.  K.  Rusden,  who  came  with 
his  family  to  New  South  Wales,  in  1834. 
Mr.  Rusden  was  bom  in  Surrey,  July 
9,  1819.  He  was  engaged  in  pastoral 
pursuits,  and  in  1849  was  appointed 
agent  for  National  Schools,  first  in  Port 
Phillip,  afterwards  in  Moreton  Bay  and 
New  South  Wales.  In  1851  he  accepted 
the  post  of  chief  clerk  in  the  Colonial 
Secretary's  Office  in  Victoria.  In  1852 
he  became  Clerk  of  the  Executive  Council, 
and  in  1856  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the 
Legislative  Council  and  Clerk  of  Parlia- 
ments. In  1860  originated  the  Shakes- 
peare statue  and  scholarship  in  the  Uni- 
versity. Author  of  '^National  Education," 
''Moyarra"  a  poem,  a  translation  of  Les 
Propos  of  Labienus,  "  Discovery,  Survey, 
and  settlement  of  Port  PhilHp,"  "Cu- 
riosities of  Colonisation,"  and  various 
pamphleta 

RUSDEN,  Henry  Keylock,  fourth  son 
of  the  Rev.  G.  K.  Rusden,  was  bom  in  Sur- 
rey, January  30,  1826.  He  was  engaged 
in  pastoral  pursuits,  and  after  trying  the 
gold-fields  in  1853  went  to  Melbourne, 
and  obtained  an  appointment  in  the 
civil  service,  in  whidi  he  still  r^nains. 
He  was  the  founder  of  the  Eclectic  As- 
sociation in  1867,  and  in  1870  of  the 
Sunday  Free  Discussion  Scksiety.  •  He  has 
contributed  several  papers  to  the  Royal 


KUSSELL— SAMUEL. 


177 


Sodetj,  of  which  he  is  Secretary,  and  also 
to  the  Melboume  Review,  He  is  a  utili- 
tarian in  economical  subjects,  and  holds 
what  are  called  very  advanced  views  in 
philosophy. 

RUSSELL,    HeKKY    CHAMBERLAiy, 

Government  Astronomer,  New  South 
Wales,  was  bom  at  West  Maitland,  March 
17, 1836.  He  was  educated  at  the  Gram- 
mar School,  West  Maitland,  and  at  the 
Sydney  University,  where  he  graduated 
R  A  in  1858 ;  took  a  scholarship  for  general 
proficiency,  and  the  Deas-Thomson  scholar- 
ship for  chemistry  and  physics.'  On 
January  1,  1859,  he  was  appointed  Assis- 
tant in  the  Sydney  Observatory,  and 
Government  Astronomer  in  August,  1870. 
hi  1872  elected  Fellow  of  the  Boyal  Astro- 
nomical Society,  London,  iil  1874  Fellow 
of  the  Meteorological  Society,  Lon- 
don, and  in  1875  Honorary  Member 
of  the  South  Australian  Philosophical 
Society  and  Member  of  the  Koyal 
Colonud  Institute,  London.  Under  his 
auspices  an  extensive  set  of  meteorologi- 
cal observations  is  being  collected  from  all 
parts  of  the  colony,  which  bids  fair  to 
throw  great  light  on  the  climate  of  and 
rain&dl  in  Australia.  In  1874  he  organ- 
ised four  distinct  parties  for  observing  the 
transit  of  Yenus,  and  obtained  more 
photographs  than  were  taken  in  any  other 
oountiy;  the  results  were  used  with  gieat 
adrantage  by  the  Astronomer  Royal  in 
the  determination  of  the  sun's  distance. 
He  has  published  numerous  papers  on 
snhjects  connected  with  Astronomy  and 
Meteorology.  An  attempt  was  made  upon 
bis  life  by  means  of  a  kind  of  infernal 
machine,  September  8,  1877.' 

SAMUEL,  Hon.  Saul,  C.M.G.,M.L.C., 
was  bom  in  London,  October  2,  1820, 'and 
came  to  New  South  Wales,  when  about 
twelve  years  of  age;  was  educated  at  Mr. 
Cape's  school  with  several  of  those  who 
hare  since  become  public  men  and  obtained 
Mgh  positions  in  the  country.  In  1854  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislative  Council,  for 
the  Electorate  of  Roxburgh  and  Welling- 
toa  With  one  short  interval,  he  repre- 
8^ted  the  same  part  of  the  country  until 
1872,  being  for  several  years  Member  of 
the  L^pslative  Assembly  for  Orange.  He 
was  made   Treasurer   in    Mr.    William 


Forster's  administration,  in  1859 ;  was  also 
Treasurer  in  Mr.  Cowper's  government,  in 
1 865,  and  in  Mr.  Robertson's  government, 
1 868,  and  again  in  Mr.  Cowper*s  ministry 
in  1870.  In  1872,  having  been  elected 
for  East  Sydney,  he  joined  the  ministiy 
of  Mr.  Parkes,  as  Vice-President  of  the 
Executive  Council  ^an  office  with  no 
emolument).  He  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
Assembly,  and  was  made  a  Member  of  the 
Legislative  Council,  to  represent  the 
government  in  that  Chamber.  When  Mr. 
Piddington  was  disabled  by  illness  for 
the  fulfilment  of  his  duties  as  Treasurer, 
Mr.  Samuel  undertook  to  discharge  them 
for  him.  When  Mr.  Piddington  retired 
from  office,  Mr.  Lloyd  was  appointed  his 
successor,  and  Mr.  Samuel  took  the  office  of 
Postmaster-Qeneral ;  in  this  position  he 
had  the  honour  of  opening  the  new  Oeneral 
Post  office,  and,  on  that  occasion,  gave 
to  the  citizens  an  entertainment  memor- 
able in  the  history  of  the  country. 
In  1873  Mr.  Samuel  was  specially  dele- 
gated by  the  Government  of  New  South 
Wales  to  visit  Europe  and  America,  to 
make  arrangements  for  the  establishment 
of  the  Pacific  Mail  Service  :  this  he  suc- 
ceeded in  doing,  and  was  entertained  at  a 
public  dinner  on  his  return  to  the  colony 
in  1874,  besides  having  the  distinction  of 
C.M.G.  conferred  upon  him  by  Her 
Majesty.  He  again,  in  1877,  became  a 
Member  of  the  Parkes  ministry,  in  which 
he  held  the  office  of  Postmaster-General, 
which  position  he  holds  in  the  present 
Government,  it  being  the  sixth  administra- 
tion in  which  Mr.  Samuel  has  held  office. 
With  the  late  Sir  Charles  Cowper,  he 
represented  New  South  Wales  at  the 
Conference  held  in  Melbourne  in  1870, 
for  the  purpose  of  endeavouring  to  bring 
about  a  settlement  of  the  Border  Customs' 
Duties,  and  other  matters  affecting  the  in- 
terests of  the  colonie&  He  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Conference  held  in  Sydney  in 
1873,representingNew  South  Wales  in  con- 
junction with  Mr.  (now  Sir)  Henry  Parkes. 
During  his  absence  from  the  colony  in  1873, 
Mr.  Samuel  visited  the  United  States  and 
made  a  Postal  Convention  with  that  €k>- 
vemment.  Throughout  his  parliamentary 
career,  he  has  been  the  author  of  several 
measures  which  have  become  law ;  amongst 


17a 


SANDEBSON-^CHOMBUBGK. 


others  the  Navigation  Act  and  the  Go- 
vernment Savings'  Bank  Act  Mr.  Samuel 
hafi  for  many  years  been  prominently  con- 
nected with  the  mining,  oommercialy 
manufacturing,  and  pastoral  enterprises  of 
the  colony,  and  has  contributed  Isurgely  to 
the  development  of  its  industries.  Mr. 
Samuel  has  been  twice  mamed^  first  in 
1859,  to  Hemietta  Matildl^  daughter  of 
B.  G.  Levien,  £sa.,  of  Yictoria;  and, 
second,  in  1877,  to  Sara  Louise,  daughter 
of  £.  Isaacs,  Esq.,  J. P.,  of  Aucklaad, 
New  Zealand^ 

SANDEESON,  Fbederick  James, 
Secretary  to  the  Attomey4jreneraI>  South 
Australia,  was  bom  at  Newcastle^on-Tyne, 
July  4,  1834,  and  was  educated  at  Dr. 
Brush's  establishment.  He  arrived  in  the 
colony  in  1852,  and  entered  the  Govern- 
ment Service,  June  26, 1854^  as  a  derk  in 
the  Treasury  ;  was  appointed  Secretary  to 
the  Lands  Titles  Commissioners,  December 
1,  1862,  and  Secretary  to  the  Attorney- 
General  in  1 870.  During  the  absence  at  the 
Fans  Exhibition  of  Mr.  Josiah  Boothby, 
the  Under  Secretary  and  Government 
Statist,  Mr.  Sanderson  has  performed  the 
duties  of  those  officestn  additioD  to  his  own 

SAUNDEES,  Rbv.  John,  first  Baptist 
Minister  in  Australia,  bom  in  London 
October  7,  1806,  of  which  city  he  was  a 
liveryman ;  was  originally  articled  to  an 
attorney  in  1820,  in  which  profession  he 
remained  for  fourteen  years ;  during  that 
period  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  and  to  prepare  himself 
for  the  ministry  of  the  Grospel ;  soon  after 
his  ordination  as  a  minister  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  he  left  England  for  New  South 
Wales  as  Chaplain  to  the  female  convict 
ship  "  Greorge  Hebbert,"  which  vessel 
arrived  in  Port  Jackson  December  1,  1834 
During  his  stay  in  the  colony  he  was  one 
of  the  eai'liest  and  most  earnest  advocates 
of  total  abstinence,  and  the  formation  of 
Societies  for  the  suppression  of  the  liquor 
traffic.  He  returned  in  1848  to  England, 
where  he  died 

SAWYEE.,  Right  Rkv.  William 
COLLINSON,  first  Bishop  of  Grafton  and 
Armidale,  bom  in  1831,  consecrated 
Bishop  of  the  See,  February  2,  1867. 
He  had  ooly  taken  charge  of  the  Diocese 
about   three   months   when    on    Sunday 


night,  March  15,  1868,  he  was  drowned 
with  his  son  and  servant  in  the  Clareooe 
Biver.  His  last  sermon  was  on  the  sub- 
ject  of  the  ^^  Unjust  Steward ''  in  the  16th 
chapter  of  St  Luke's  Crospel,  when  Ke 
spoke  about  the  necessity  of  b^ng  pre- 
pared to  meet  the  Creator.  After  service 
he  started,  with  five  others,  in  a  boat  for 
his  hxMtne  :  they  had  proceeded  about  two 
mUes  when  a  sudden  gust  of  wind  c^ 
sized  the  boat ;  the  whole  six  were  preci- 
pitated into  the  river.  His  body  was  re- 
covered on  the  Tuesday  foUowiog.  His 
energy,  self-denial,  ability,  and  friendly 
demeanour  had  secured  to  him  many 
attached  &iends  besides  those  connected 
with  his  church.  He  was  a  man  admir- 
ably  qualified  for  the  work  for  which  he 
had  been  sel^^ted,  and  was  universally 
rejected  and  loved.  He  was  only  37 
years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

SCHOMBUPGK,  Rickaed  ton, 
Director  of  the  Botanic  Gardens^  Adelaide, 
was  bom  at  Fribault,  in  Saxony,  in  the 
year  1811.  ELis  family  is  one  of  old  standing 
in  Saxony.  His  father  was  a  minister  in 
the  Lutheran  Church.  His  brother,  Sir 
Robert  'Schomburgk,  has  made  himself  a 
name  as  a  traveller,  in  connection  with  the 
discoveries  of  the  greatest  scientific  travel- 
ler of  his  time,.  Baron  Alexander  von  Hum- 
boldt Richard  Schomburgk,  after  passing 
through  his  elementary  education,  studied 
botany  in  Berlin,  and  was  for  some  time  in 
Royal  Gardens  at  Potsdam.  As  a  young 
man  he  gave  practical  proof  of  his  capability, 
under  the  supervision  of  his  celebrated 
brother  Sir  Robert  Schomburgk.  He  was 
his  companion  in  some  of  his  perilous 
voyages.  After  a  series  of  expeditions 
in  the  pursuit  of  science,  Richard  von 
Schomburgk  returned  to  Germany,  and 
being  concerned  in  the  political  troubles 
of  the  day,  with  some  difficulty,  and  by  the 
assistance  of  his  old  friend.  Baron  von 
Humboldt,  and  the  almost  equally  cele- 
brated scientist,  Leopold  von  Buch,  he  fled 
with  his  brother  Otto  from  his  native 
land,  and  embarked  for  Australia.  They 
arrived  at  Adelaide,  purchased  hind  at 
Gambler  River,  and  cultivated  a  farm  and 
large  vineyard,  which  they  called  Buchfeld, 
in  honour  of  their  generous  friend  and 
patron.     The    wines    of    Buchfeld    soon 


SCOTT— SCOTT, 


179 


obtained  a  ^endid  reputatioii.  But  after 
tLej  had  been  in  the  oolon j  some  ten  years 
Otio  SchombuYgk  died^  to  the  great 
giief  of  his  brother  Richard  and  a 
lai^  numb^:  of  the  people  of  South 
A«slraU&  On  the  death  of  Mr.  Francis, 
the  Dureetor  of  the  Adelaide  Botanic 
Gardens,  the  appointment  was  offered 
to  Dr.  SduHnbui]gk,  and  accepted  in  1866. 
Nature  had  done  little  for  Adelaide 
Botanic  Gardens.  The  site  of  them  was 
nothing  but  a  waste,  a  flat.  The  result 
of  the  management  of  Dr.  Schomburgk  is 
a  magnificent  work  of  art,  the  admiration 
of  visiUvs  from  all  the  other  colonies. 
Siaoe  taking  the  management  of  the 
gardens,  Dr.  Schomburgk  has  devoted  a 
co&aiderable  portion  of  his  time  to  the 
task  of  creating  a  taste  for  floriculture 
aoongit  all  classes  of  the  people  of  the 
coloay,  and  to  the  introduction  of  valuable 
plants  and  seeds,  which  he  deemed  likely 
to  ^ve  d[  value,  as  articles  of  commerce, 
to  the  ooUmj.  He  has  written  many  papers 
on  the  culture  of  tobacco,  the  sugar-cane, 
sericdtare,  flax  and  hemp,  beetroot^,  hops, 
the  Zante  currant,  sultana  and  other 
niains,  «.hnond«,  castor-oU  plant,  mustard, 
npeseed,  sonflow^  olives,  canary  seed, 
gnu,  vetches^  yellow  lupin,  and  maize, 
leutils,  capers,  chicory,  osier,  opium, 
cochineal,  and  perfumes.  So  valuable  in 
the  A-iew  of  the  South  Australian  Govem- 
HKnt  were  the  information  and  instruc- 
tioitt  thus  given,  that  they  published 
several  d  these  papers  as  supplements  to 
the  GavemmerU  Gazette  of  that  colony.  Nor 
^^s  Dr.  Schomburgk  content  with  giving 
information  by  means  of  his  writings.  He 
^  gave  practical  proofs  and  lessons,  and 
^gelj  distributed  seed  amongst  thefarmers 
of  South  Australia.  Honours  of  all  kinds 
have,  unsolicited,  been  conferred  on  Dr. 
Schomhurgk.  He  is  a  Knight  of  the 
Imperial  Order  of  the  Crown ;  of  the 
Order  of  Merit  of  Philippe  the  Magnani- 
iQOtta,  first  class  ;  Membei*  of  the  Imperial 
Can>l  Leopold.  Academy ;  Honorary  Mem- 
Wof  the  Botanical  Society,  Magdeburg;  of 
tlie  Horticultural  Society,  Frankfort ;  of  the 
Horticultural  Society  of  Victoria ;  of  the 
Agricultaral  and  Horticultural  Society 
of  Adelaide;  of  the  Chamber  of  Manu- 
^tareS)    Adelaide ;    also    Corresponding 


Member  of  the  Zoological  Society,  London ; 
of  the  Boyal  Botanical  Society,  London; 
of  the  Botanical  Society,  Edinburgh;  of 
the  Geographical  Society,  Berlin;  and  of 
the  Horticultural  Society,  BerUn.  He 
holds  an  order  and  medals  from  the  Em- 
peror of  Germany,  and  another  order  of 
merit  from  the  Duke  of  Hesse. 

SCOTT,  John,  was  born  at  Edinburgh, 
in  1822 ;  was  educated  at  the  High 
School,  Edinburgh,  and  afterwards  at  St 
Andrew's  and  Edinburgh  Universities. 
He  arrived  in  New  South  Wales  in  1843. 
In  1846  he  took  up  land  on  the  Murrum* 
bidgee,  and  continued  to  follow  pastoral 
pursuits  in  New  South  Wales  and 
Queensland,  except  during  two  visits  to 
Europe,  until  1870.  He  was  flrst  elected 
to  the  Queensland  Parliament  for  Cler- 
mont in  1868 ;  in  1870  for  Leichhardt^ 
and  in  1873  for  Springsure.  He  was 
chairman  of  Committees  from  November, 
1871,  to  the  end  of  1873,  and  again  elected 
to  the  same  office  in  1879. 

SCOTT,  Thomas,  "Father  of  Sugar  . 
Industry  in  Australia,"  was  bom  at 
Glasgow,  July  1, 1787.  In  1 790  his  family 
moved  to  London.  He  was  educated 
at  a  public  school,  and  in  1793  began 
a  mercantile  career  in  Liverpool,  but 
abandoned  it;  and  returned  homa  He  then 
went  out  to  St  Thomas  with  a  Treasury 
appointment,  but  finally  left  the  Govern- 
ment Service  in  1797,  after  giving  up  two 
other  appointments  in  Antigua,  to  manage 
a  family  estate  in  that  island.  In  1805 
he  came  into  an  inheritance  bequeathed 
by  his  father,  and  went  for  a  tour  through 
Canada  and  the  United  States.  When  he 
returned  to  Antigua  he  found  that  his 
money  had  been  fraudulently  used  by 
those  with  whom  he  had  invested  it; 
he  returned  to  England;  left  for 
Sydney,  where  he  airived  in  1817,  and 
being  cpnvinced  that  it  would  prove  a 
good  sugar  country,  resolved  to  give  up 
his  prospects  in  Calcutta  (whither  he  was 
going)  and  devote  himself  to  sugar 
growing.  But  not  having  sufficient 
means,  after  an  attempt  at  tobacco  cul- 
ture, he  entered  the  Commissariat  as  a 
clerk.  He  was  then  invited  to  undertake 
the  management  of  the  sugar  works  in 
Tahiti.      But  he  found   that  appliances 


ISO 


SCRATCHLEY. 


were  not  forthcoming,  and  returned  to 
Sydney.  He  then  went  to  Roiatea,  and 
established  sugar  works  there.  On  his 
return  he  went  to  Port  Macquarie,  and 
established  a  sugar  plantation  near  the 
coast  At  the  end  of  three  years  he 
obtained  the  first  crop,  but  from  the  ineffi- 
ciency of  the  plant  supplied  to  him  he 
could  make  but  7  tons,  when  it  gave  way, 
and  it  was  only  after  40  years*  delay  that 
it  has  again  been  taken  up.  But  his  first 
attempts  continued  on  a  small  scale 
demonstrated  the  capabilities  of  the  colo- 
nies for  growing  the  cane. 

SCRATCHLEY,  Colonel  Peter  H., 
Royal  Engineers,  bom  in  Paris  in  1836, 
is  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Dr.  J. 
Scratchley,  Royal  Artillery ;  was  educated 
at  the  Royal  Militaiy  Academy,  Woolwich, 
from  which  he  passed  out  at  the  head 
of  his  batch,  and  received  a  commis- 
sion as  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  corps 
of  Royal  Engineers  in  February,  1854. 
After  studying  at  the  School  of  Military 
Engineering  at  Chatham  for  a  short  term, 
he  proceeded  to  Dover,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed in  military  engineering  duties,  until 
ordered  to  the  Crimea  in  the  summer  of 
1855.  There  he  served  in  the  trenches 
before  Sebastopol  until  its  capture  in  Sep- 
tember, 1855.  He  took  part  in  the 
expedition  to  Kinbum,  and  remained  in 
the  Crimea  until  the  termination  of 
the  war  with  Russia.  From  this  time 
until  August,  1857,  he  was  employed  on 
the  ordinary  duties  of  a  military  engineer 
at  Portsmouth,  and  then  proceeded  to 
India  as  acting  adjutant  of  the  Royal  Engi- 
neer Force  despatched  to  that  country 
shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the  mutiny. 
On  arrival  at  Calcutta,  he  pushed  forward 
with  his  chief  (now  General  Sir  Henry  Har- 
ness, R.E.,  K.C.B.)  to  Cawnpore.  At 
this  place  he  served  on  General  Wynd- 
ham's  staff,  and  subsequently  in  operations 
against  the  Gwalior  contingent;  was  then 
employed  with  the  force  engaged  in  clearing 
the  district  of  the  rebels.  He  afterwards 
went  as  orderly  officer  to  Brigadier- 
General  Robert  Napier,  R.E.  (now  Lord 
Napier  of  Magdala),  on  his  appointment 
as  chief  engineer  of  the  army  employed  in 
the  final  siege  and  capture  of  Lucknow. 
He    served     throughout    the    operations 


which  led  to  the  capture  of  that  city,  and 
accompanied  the  storming  party  at  the 
attack  on  the  Begum's  PaLaoe.  He  com- 
manded a  company  of  Engineers  during 
the  subsequent  operations  in  Oudh  under 
General  Sir  Hope  Grant  during  1858-9. 
Li  the  summer  of  1860  he  was  appointed 
Aide-de-camp  to  his  former  chief,  General 
Sir  Robert  Napier,  in  the  Chinese  ex- 
pedition, but  subsequently  resigned  in 
consequence  of  his  company  being  ordered 
to  China.  These  orders  were  counter- 
manded, and  he  wtus  selected  to  proceed  to 
Melbourne,  in  command  of  a  detachment  <^ 
Engineers,  to  advise  upon  and  construct 
works  of  defence.  During  his  stay  in  Vic- 
toria, from  August  1860,  to  September, 
1863,  he  was  actively  employed  on  the  con- 
struction of  defensive  works,  and  in  the 
organisation  of  a  system  of  def enca  As 
honorary  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the 
Volunteer  Artillery  and  Engineers,  he 
identified  himself  with  the  volunteer  move- 
ment in  that  colony.  In  consequence  of 
the  decision  of  the  Government  not  to  pro- 
ceed with  the  defences  of  the  colony. 
Captain  Scratchley  resigned  his  appoint- 
ment, and  returned  to  England  in  the 
winter  of  1863.  In  March,  1864,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major  for  his 
services  in  India ;  and,  after  six  months^ 
employment  in  command  of  a  company  of 
engineers  on  the  defences  of  Portsmouth, 
he  was  appointed  Assistant-Inspector  of 
Works  in  the  manufacturing  departments 
of  the  War  Office.  He  subsequently  was 
appointed  Inspector  of  Works,  which 
office  he  held  until  March,  1877,  when 
he  was  selected  by  the  Earl  of  Car- 
narvon, upon  the  recommendation  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  for  War,  to  proceed  to 
Australia  for  the  purpose  of  acting  as 
assistant  to  his  Excellency  Major-General 
Sir  W.  J  ervois,  in  advising  the  Govern- 
ments upon  the  defences  of  the^  colonies. 
Duiing  an  employment  extending  over 
twelve  years  under  the  War  Office  (during 
which  time  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel,  February 
20,  1874),  he  had  charge,  as  building 
engineer  and  architect,  of  extensive 
engineering  works  connected  with  the 
great  arsenal  and  store  depot  at  Woolwich, 
the  School  of  Gunnery  at   Shoeburyness, 


SELWYN— SHEEHAN. 


181 


and  the  manufacturiiig  establishments  for 
small  arms,  powder,  clothing,  <S:c.  For  many 
years  Ideutenant-Colonel  Scratchley  acted 
asmilitaiy  adviser  to  the  Agent-Gene^ 
for  Victoria,  in  London,  and  is  now  Com- 
miasioner  of  Defences  for  the  Colonies  of 
Victoria,  New  South  Wales,  Queensland, 
Tasmania,  and  South  Australia.  Colonel 
Scratchley  hajs  the  war  medals  for  the 
Crimea  aud  India.  In  1878  he  received 
tlie  rank  of  ColoneL 

SELWYN,  Right  Rev.  George  Au- 
crsTUSj  son  of  William  Selwyn,  Esq., 
was  bom  at  Richmond,  in  1809.  He 
was  educated  at  Eton  and  at  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  graduated 
Junior  Optiroe  in  mathematics  and  as 
Senior  Optime  in  classics.  He  was  acting 
as  tutor  at  Eton  and  curate  of  Windsor  in 
1841,  when  he  was  chosen  as  first  Bishop 
of  the  Church  in  New  Zealand.  Here 
whilst  superintending  the  spiritual  wants 
of  the  colonists,  he  sought  to  impart  the 
blessiDgs  of  the  Gospel  to  the  natives  also ; 
and  extended  his  labours  to  the  Melan- 
esian  Islands,  himself  navigating  his  own 
vessel,  the  "  Southern  Cross  "  for  that  pur- 
pose. He  brought  some  youths  from  there, 
and  after  instruction  took  them  back  to 
teach  their  countrymen  the  civilisation 
and  religion  that  they  had  acquired.  Ho 
established  a  Mission  School  for  their 
instruction  near  Auckland  (afterwards  re- 
moved to  Norfolk  Island),  and  found  a 
kindred  spirit  to  carry  on  this  branch  of  his 
work  in  Bishop  Patteson.  In  1850  he  was 
one  of  the  six  Bishops  who  met  in  Sydney 
to  initiate  Synods  in  the  Church  of  the 
colonies;  in  1857  obtained  the  division 
of  hb  Diocese ;  in  1867  was  appointed 
to  ih.e  Bishopric  of  Lichiield :  there  ho 
introduced  from  his  colonial  experience 
much  more  active  internal  church  work 
than  is  usual  in  England,  and  after  nine 
years*  labour  there  he  died  in  March,  1878. 
When  his  son  was  consecrated  in  New 
Zeahtnd  to  succeed  Bishop  Patteson  the 
Cathedral  of  Lichfield  was  lighted  up  and 
the  consecration  service  was  held  there 
simultaneously. 

SERISIER,  J.  E.,  J.P.,  the  founder 
of  Dubbo — having  settled  upon  the  spot  in 
1848,  and  in  conjunction  with  the  surveyor, 
O.  B.  White,  brought  there  at  his  instance, 


driven  in  the  first  pegs  for  the  township* 
Subsequently  after  considerable  agitation 
succeeded  in  getting  reserves  made  round 
the  town,  and  has  been  connected  with 
every  movement  of  local  importance.  On 
the  introduction  of  Representative.  Govern- 
ment, he  was  called  upon  by  Mr.  Charles 
Co wper  to  state  his  views  regarding  the  suit- 
ability of  place  of  nomination  for  Uie  Bogan 
Electorate.  Dubbo  being  thereby  selected, 
he  was  appointed  Returning  Officer — a 
post  held  by  him  for  many  years.  After 
being  principaUy  concerned  in  bringing 
the  Quarter  Sessions  to  the  town,  he 
was  appointed  Visiting  Justice  to  the 
Gaol,  and  held  also  fi*om  time  to  time 
various  commissions,  acting  for  the  P.M. 
in  his  absence  for  a  few  months,  for 
Wellington  and  Dubbo;  and  in  addition 
to  being  an  old  Magistrate,  Guardian  of 
Minors,  &c.,  he  was  called  upon  to  repre- 
sent the  district  in  Parliament,  but 
declined,  and  is  now  (1879)  President  and 
Delegate  of  the  Fi'ee  Selectors'  Association- 
He  was  one  of  the  thi'ee  guarantors  for  the 
extension  of  the  telegraph  to  his  town, 
to  the  extent  of  several  thousand  pounds. 
He  spent  nearly  £10,000  in  developing  the 
wine  industry  in  Dubbo  district. 

SERVICE,  Hon.  James,  was  born  at 
Kilwinning,  Ayrshire,  in  November,  1823, 
and  was  educated  at  the  local  school; 
was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in 
Glasgow  until  1853,  when  he  emigrated  to 
Melbourne  and  commenced  business  as  a 
merchant  In  1857  he  was  elected  Mem- 
ber for  Melbourne ;  in  1859  was  Minister 
for  Lands  and  President  of  the  Board  of 
Lands  and  Works,  but  ten  months  after- 
wards resigned  In  1862  he  resigned 
his  seat  in  order  to  viuit  England,  whence 
he  returned  in  1865.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  for  Maldon,  and  took  office  as 
Treasurer,  which  post  he  held  until  1875. 

SHEEHAN,  Hon.  John,  was  bom  in 
Auckland  in  1845.  In  1862  he  entered 
the  legal  profession,  and  passed  with 
credit  in  1 867.  In  1 863  he  was  engaged  in 
the  Waikato  war.  After  a  preliminary 
training  in  the  Auckland  Provincial 
Council  he  was  elected  to  Parliament 
for  the  Rodney  district  in  1872.  He 
is  the  present  Native  Minister  in  New 
Zealand. 


182 


SHEIL— SHERIDAN. 


*  SHEIL,  Right  Rev.  Laurence  Bon a- 
VEKTURE,  third  Bishop  of  Adelaide,  was 
bom  at  Wexford,  Ireland,  in  1 81 7 ;  received 
his  preparatory  education  in  the  Francis- 
can Schools  at  Eniscorthy.  Commenced  his 
ecclesiastical  studies  at  St  Isadore's,  Rome ; 
came  to  the  Diocese  of  Melbourne  in 
1856,  was  for  some  time  President  of  St. 
Patrick's  College  and  subsequently  Arch- 
Deacon  of  Ballarat;  was  appointed  Bishop 
of  Adelaide  in  the  year  1865  ;  consecrated 
August  15,  1866  ;  took  possession  of  his 
see  September  14th  of  the  same  year.  He 
died  at  Willunga,  March  1,  1873. 

SHERIDAN,  The  Very  Rev.  John 
Pelix,  Dean,  V.-G.,  is  the  second  son 
of  the  late  Philip  Sheridan,  farmer  and 
grazier;  was  bom  at  Martinstown,  near 
Athboy,  county  Meath,  Ireland,  November 
9,  1824,  and  received  his  early  education 
at  that  town ;  was  subsequently  sent  to 
the  classical  and  commercial  academy 
of  a  Mr.  Carroll,  a  man  of  considerable 
literary  attainments,  in  the  town  of  Trim  ; 
and  was  afterwards  for  two  or  three  years 
with  his  father.  Animated  by  a  series  of 
letters,  published  under  the  title  of  "  An- 
nals of  the  Propagation  of  the  Faith,"  he 
resolved  (in  1845)  to  devote  himself  to  the 
service  of  his  Church  on  the  foreign  mission. 
At  first  he  meditated  going  to  China ;  but 
through  the  advice  of  the  late  Dr.  Murphy, 
Bishop  of  Adelaide,  and  formerly  Vicar- 
Greneral  of  New  South  Wales,  he  turned  his 
thoughts  to  Australia,  and,  notwithstanding 
the  advice  of  his  friends,  carried  his  deter- 
mination into  effect.  After  pursuing  his 
studies  as  a  theological  student  at  the 
Benedictine  College  of  St  Lawrence,  Ap- 
pleworth,  Yorkshire,  he  joined  his  superior, 
Archbishop  Polding,  on  board  the  St  Vin- 
cent, at  Liverpool,  December,  1847.  The 
party,  consisting  of  several  ecclesiastics — of 
whom  only  two  survive,  the  Rev.  Eugene 
Luckie,  of  Liverpool,  and  the  Rev.  M. 
Ryan,  of  Newcastle — and  the  original 
sisterhood  of  the  Subiaco  Convent,  near 
Parramatta,  arrived  in  Sydney  in  February 
1848.  He  soon  resumed  his  ecclesiastical 
studies,  and  having  become  a  member  of  the 
Order  of  St  Benedict,  he  was  ordained  priest 
in  old  St  Mary's  in  1 852.  He  continued  to 
officiate  in  that  cathedral  till  early  in  1853, 
when  he  was  appointed   Vice-President 


of  Lyndhurst  College,  and  conducted 
the  affairs  of  that  institution,  in  conceit 
with  the  late  Bishop  Davis,  till  the  de&tli 
of  the  latter.  Whilst  at  Lyndhurst  Father 
Sheridan  devoted  a  portion  of  his  time  to 
missionary  affairs  in  the  suburbs,  and  it 
was  chiefly  through  his  zeal  that  the 
church  of  St  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  at 
Petersham,  was  so  quickly  erected.  In 
1856  he  was  appointed  to  St  Benedict's 
church,  and  a  short  time  afterwards  to  that 
of  the  Sacred  Heart.  In  this  parish  the 
peculiar  powers  of  Father  Sheridan  de- 
veloped themselves  in  efficiently  oigan- 
ising  societies  having  moral  and  philan- 
thropic objects  in  view.  At  the  Sacred 
Heart  he  established  a  Young  Men's  So- 
ciety, a  Young  Women's  Society,  a  Home 
for  Women  out  of  Employment^  a  Teetotal 
Society,  and  a  reading-room  and  libraiy. 
During  this  time  he  was  elected  a  Fellow 
of  St  John's  CoUege,  and  was  then  chosen 
for  the  priorship  of  Lyndhurst  College  and 
the  presidency  of  the  school.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  responsible  position  for  a 
few  years.  He  was  then  appointed  to  the 
charge  of  what  was  at  that  time  considered 
the .  poorest  and  most  difficult  to  manage 
of  all  the  Eoman  Catholic  missions  of 
this  city — that  of  St*.  Francis,  Haymarfcet 
In  a  short  time  he  enlarged  the  chnreh, 
subsequently  erected  a  temperance  hall, 
used  also  as  a  school,  at  a  cost  of  £3,000, 
revived  the  Total  Abstinence  and  literacy 
Societies  of  a  former  period,  and  to 
thoroughly  improved  the  moral  tone  of  the 
locality  as  to  render  it  one  of  the  mofit 
orderly  portions  of  the  city.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Dean  early  in  1 873.  He  built  the 
new  convent  of  the  Gk)od  Shepherd,  at  a 
cost  of  between  seven  and  eight  thonsand 
pounds,  a  work  in  which  he  was  assisted 
by  the  liberal-minded  of  all  denominatiots, 
the  Dean  taking  care  to  satisfy  them  titat 
thft  institution  was  non-sectarian — ^its  sole 
object  being  to  rescue  from  a  state  of  degra- 
dation fallen  women  of  all  denominations, 
without  any  attempts — direct  or  indirect 
— at  proselytism.  Dean  Sheridan  had  pre- 
viously secured  "farmons,  Victoria-street, 
formerly  the  residence  and  groimds  of  Sir 
Charles  Nicholson,  Bart,  as  a  convent 
for  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  at  a  cost  of 
£10,000.    TMa  sum  the  Dean  raised  chie^y 


SHILLINGLAW-~SIKNETT. 


183 


by  organising  concerts,  bazaars,  and  excur- 
sioDs.  He  was  appointed  Vicar-General 
hj  His  Oraoe  Archbishop  Vaughan,  May  7, 
1877.  Dean  Sheridan  has  devoted  a  con- 
siderable  amount  of  time  and  attention  to 
the  affidrs  of  the  Sydney  Infirmary,  the 
Randwick  Institution,  and  the  Immigrar 
tion  department.  It  is  perhaps  in  his 
relations  with  the  public  charities  of  the 
metropolis  that  he  is  best  known  to  the 
genml  community.  He  has  been  a  direc- 
tor of  the  Sydney  Infirmary  for  more  than 
twenfy  years  ;  and  when  the  Sydney  Infir- 
mary Bill,  lately  before  the  Legislature,  was 
drswn  up,  although  one  of  its  clauses — 
sinoe  rejected  by  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly— bad  for  its  object  the  exclusion  of 
dergymen  from  the  management  of  the  in- 
stitution, the  names  of  Dean  Sheridan,  the 
Rev.  Canon  Stephen,  and  the  Kev.  John  M. 
Dwyer,  were  retained  "  on  account  of  valu- 
able services  rendered."  Dean  Sheridan 
has  been  for  many  years  a  life  director  of 
the  Randwick  Asylum  for  Destitute  Child- 
ren, and  of  the  Benevolent  Asylum.  As  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Immigration  for 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  he  has  been 
assiduous  in  the  discharge  of  the  onerous 
duties  that  attach  to  the  office.  He  has 
also  been  chaplain  at  Cockatoo  Island, 
Darlinghurst,  and  the  Yictoria  Barracks, 
for  two  or  three  years. 

SHILLINGLAW,  John  Joseph, 
P.RG.S.,  bom  in  London  in  1830 ;  in 
1844  was  with  Admiral  Washington, 
Hydrographer  to  the  Navy,  and  resigned 
Ins  appointment  to  emigrate  with  his 
father  and  fsCmily  to  Victoria  in  1852  ; 
^vitf  appointed  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Bench 
at  WUliamstown  ;  in  1854  had  charge  of 
the  Water  Police.  In  1856  he  was  Go- 
vernment Shipping  Master,  and  remained 
in  this  office  until  1869,  when  he  retired 
from  the  Civil  Service.  In  1853  he  first 
Iwought  forward  the  necessity  of  a  Sailors* 
Home  in  Melbourne.  He  has  contributed 
to  various  home  and  colonial  magazines. 
In  1865  he  edited  "Cast  away  on  the 
Auckknds "  and  a  "Shipmaster's  Guide" 
in  1858,  and  was  proprietor  and  editor  of 
tile  Colonial  Monthly, 

SHORT,  Rt.  Rev.  Rthken  Auoubttts, 
D.D.,  Bishop  of  Adelaide,  bom  near 
Exeter,  in    Devonshire,   in   1803;    was 


educated  at  Westminster  and  Christchurch 
College,  Oxford  ;  took  his  degree  of  B.A. 
in  1823,  and  M.A.  in  1826.  In  1835  he 
was  made  Yicar  of  Ravensthorpe  in 
Northamptonshire.  He  was  appointed 
Bampton  Lecturer  in  1846,  and  next  year 
he  was  consecrated  first  Bishop  of  Adelaide. 
He  has  been  earnest  and  energetic  in  the 
difficult  work  of  organising  his  diocese. 
In  1868,  when  the  Governor  and  others 
wished  that  the  Rev.  Thomas  Binney 
might  be  allowed  to  preach  in  a  Church  of 
England  church,  the  Bishop  felt  compelled 
to  refuse.  He  attended  the  Lambeth  Con- 
ference in  1878. 

SHORTLAND,  Lieutenant  John, 
was  bom  in  1739.  In  1755  he  entered 
the  Navy,  and  saw  active  service  in  New- 
foundland, the  Mediterranean,  and  the 
West  Indies,  being  present  at  the  reduc- 
tion of  several  of  those  islands.  In  1763 
he  was  made  a  Lieutenant.  During  the 
war  of  American  Independence  he  was 
actively  employed  in  the  Atlantic;  in 
1782  commanded  the  transports  with 
the  97th,  for  the  relief  of  Gibraltar ;  in 
1786  he  was  appointed  agent  to  the  tran- 
sports sent  to  New  South  Wales,  and 
arrived  with  the  "  First  Fleet"  in  January, 
1788.  He  left  six  fhonths  afterwards,  via 
Bata via,  with  the  '^  Friendship*'  (abandoned 
October  28th),  «*  Alexander  Borrowdale," 
and  "Prince  of  Wales,"  and  reached 
England  May  29,  1789,  after  a  modt 
adventurous  voyage.  He  returned  to  the 
colony  in  1 792.  He  discovered  the  Hunter 
River,  Newcastle,  in  June,  1797. 
.  SINNETT,  Frederick,  was  bom  at 
Hamburg,  March  8,  1831,  where  he  lived 
with  his  parents  till  he  reached  the  age  of 
seven  years.  His  mother  was  Mts.  Per<y 
Sinnett,  a  lady  well  known  in  literary 
circles,  and  for  whom  he  entertained  the 
greatest  affection  up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  educated  for  the  profession  of  ttn 
engineer  and  surveyor,  although  he  must 
have  been  almost  entirely  self -instructed,  for 
at  the  early  age  of  fifteen,  he  was  engaged 
as  reporter  on  the  London  Globe.  Being 
naturally  delicate,  and  his  medical  advisers 
recommending  a  warmer  climate  than  that 
of  England,  he  devoted  himself  to  engineer- 
ing pursuits;  and  in  1849  arrived  in 
the  Colony  of  South  Australia,  as  sub- 


184 


SKENE— SLADEN. 


engineer  to  the  Adelaide  and  "Port  Bail- 
way  Company.  This  scheme  was  never 
carried  out ;  on  its  failure,  and  after 
having  made  the  preliminary  survey  of 
the  line,  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Burr, 
the  former  Deputy  Surveyor-General.  His 
love  for  literary  pursuits  was  however  so 
great,  that  though  still  retaining  the  prac- 
tice of  his  more  lucrative  profession  to  a 
certain  extent,  he  contributed  regularly  to 
the  columns  of  the  Mining  Journal,  edited 
by  Mr.  George  Stevenson,  and  at  that  time 
the  best  conducted  paper  in  South  Austra- 
lia. At  the  time  of  the  great  Victoria 
gold  discoveries  in  1851,  Mr.  Sinnett  left 
South  Australia  for  the  second  El  Dorado  ; 
and  on  his  arrival  in  Melbourne  accepted  an 
engagement  as  contributor  to  the  Herald, 
of  which  paper  he  became  eventually 
the  editor  and  part  proprietor.  About 
1855  he  severed  his  «connection  with 
that  paper,  and  became  a  contributor  to 
t^e  columns  of  the  Melbourne  Argtis, 
with  which  journal  he  remained  till 
1859, — with  the  exception  of  a  short 
time  spent  in  editing  the  Daily  News  at 
Geelong.  About  the  same  date  that  he 
joined  the  Argtts,  was  commenced  Mel- 
hourtie  Punch,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the 
principal  founders,  and  to  the  success  of 
which  his  facile  pen  and  genial  humourous 
fancy  contributed  in  so  great  a  measure. 
In  1859  Mr.  Sinnett  again  returned 
to  South  Australia,  for  the  purpose  of 
taking  the  management  of  the  Adelaide 
Ice  Works.  Disappointed  however  in  the 
first  instance  by  ike  non-arrival  of  the 
requisite  machinery  from  Sydney  until  much 
later  than  he  expected,  and  afterwards  by 
several  adverse  seasons,  he  met  with  very 
poor  success,  and  indeed  was  almost  ruined 
in  this  speculation;  the  worry  of  which 
continued  to  trouble  him  till  the  day  of 
his  deatL  During  his  sojourn  in  South 
Australia  from  1859  to  1865,  in  addition 
to  his  management  of  the  Ice  Works,  he 
edited  the  Baily  Telegraph,  carried  on 
business  as  "  Patent  Agent,"  ^^^  *^^^^b^ 
Parliamentary  Beporter  for  the  Hansard, 
In  consequence  of  the  failure  of  the  Ice 
Works,  he  returned  to  Melbourne  in  the 
early  part  of  1865,  where  he  resumed  his 
connection    with    the    ArguSy    and    was 


retained  on  the  literaiy  staff  of  that  pi^MF 
as  contributor  and  leader-writer  until  with- 
in a  short  time  of  his  death,  at  Kew, 
November  23,  1866.  At  all  times  from 
its  foundation,  and  both  whilst  he  was 
in  Adelaide  and  Melbourne,  he,  in  addi- 
tion to  lus  other  literary  work,  continued 
his  contributions  to  Melbourne  Punch. 
The  Melbourne  Herald  of  November  24, 
1866,  said  : — "  His  death  will  be  a  void  in 
the  ranks  of  Australian  journalism  not 
readily  to  be  filled;  and  his  loss  will  long 
be  keenly  felt  by  a  large  circle  of  private 
friends  by  whom  he  was  beloved  for  his 
kindness  of  heart,  and  admired  for  his 
brilliancy  of  intellect  and  conversation.^ 

SKENE,  Alexander  John,  present 
Surveyor-General  of  Victoria,  and  Land 
Tax  Commissioner;  bom  in  Aberdeen, 
1820 ;  son  of  a  major  in  the  army,  who 
served  through  the  Peninsular  War; 
arrived  in  Victoria,  1839;  followed  his 
profession  till  1868,  when  he  succeeded 
C.  W.  ligar  as  Surveyor-Greneral.  He 
has  a  remarkable  knowledge  of  the  physical 
features  of  Victoria,  and  has  won  distinction 
for  his  production  of  maps  of  the  colony, 
to  which  he  has  paid  special  attention. 

SLADE,  John  James,  was  bom  in 
London  in  1837.  After  leaving  school  he 
entered  the  employment  of  Rock  Broth^s 
and  Payne,  manufacturing  stationers,  but 
shortly  left  England  for  Sydney,  where 
he  landed  in  1851.  He  soon  left  for  Mel- 
bourne, where  he  obtained  employment  as 
a  lithographer.  In  1860  he  returned  to 
Sydney,  and  obtained  an  appointment  as 
draughtsman  in  the  Survey  department, 
which  position  he  now  holds.  It  is  as  a 
rifle  shot  that  he  is  distinguished.  In  1867 
he  was.  top  scorer,  when  Sydney  won  the 
shield  from  Melbourne.  In  1874  his 
eye-sight  becoming  impaired,  he  left  off 
shooting,  and  underwent  an  operation,  but 
was  advised  to  take  a  sea  voyage — and 
accordingly  went  with  the  riflemen  to 
compete  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at 
Philadelphia  in  1876,  where  he  made  top 
score. 

SLADEN,  Sir  Charles,  KC.M.G., 
Member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Vic- 
toria for  the  Western  Province;  second 
son  of  John  Baker  Sladen,  of  Bipple 
Court,  county  of  Kent,  Esquire,  Deputy- 


SLATTERY— SMITH. 


185 


lieatenant  of  that  ootinty ;  bom  in  1816  ; 
educated  at  Shre'wrsbiiry  and  Trinity  Hall, 
Cambridge  ;  graduated  in  Law  in  1837  as 
S.C.L,  in  1840  LIxR,  and  in  1867 
LLD.  (although  at  the  time  in  Victoria). 
Married  in  1840  ;  arrived  in  Port  Phillip 
in  February,  1842f  and  practised  as  an 
attorney  in  G«elong  untU  1854,  when  he 
retired  from  biisiness ;  in  December  of 
the  same  year  vras  offered  by  Sir  Charles 
HoUiam  (then  Governor)  the  post  of 
acting  Colonial  Treasurer,  in  the  place 
of  Captain  Lonsdale,  then  absent  on 
leava  Was  Treasurer  in  the  first  ministry 
Hnder  the  new  Constitution,  formed  by  the 
late  Mr.  Haines,  in  1855,  when  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  Members  for  Geelong. 
At  the  first  general  election  under  the  new 
Constitution  in  1857,  he  again  sought 
election  for  Geelong,  but  was  defeated,  and 
iras  not  in  Parliament  again  till  1864, 
▼hen  he  was  elected  to  a  vacant  seat  in 
the  Legislative  Council  for  the  Western 
Provinca  In  May,  1868,  during  a  pro- 
tracted political  crisis  (arising  out  of  the 
tsuck  of  a  Customs  Duties  Bill  to  the 
Annual  Appropriation  Bill  in  1865,  and 
at  last  culminating  in  the  inclusion  in 
the  Annual  Appropriation  Bill  for  1867 
of  a  grant  of  £20,000  to  Lady  Darling, 
the  wife  of  the  late  Governor,  Sir  Charles 
Barling,  who  had  been  recalled  by  the 
Secretary  of  State),  he  accepted  office  as 
Chief  Secretary,  with  Mr.  (now  Judge) 
Fellows  as  Minister  for  Justice  and  leader 
in  the  Legislative  Ass^nbly.  His  ministry 
only  retained  office  till  July  11th  of  the 
same  year.  In  August  of  that  year,  the 
term  for  which  he  had  been  elected  Mem- 
ber for  the  Western  Province  expired,  and 
he  did  not  seek  re-election.  In  1876  he 
▼as  again  elected,  without  a  contest,  for 
the  same  province.  He  has  always  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  debates  fimd  business 
of  the  Council.  He  is  regarded  by  both 
friends  and  o])ponents  as  a  high-minded 
and  able  politician. 

SLATTERY,  Thomas  Michael,  bom 
December  17,  1844,  educated  at  St.  Mary's 
(old)  Seminary,  was,  for  about  three 
years  a  private  pupil  of  J.  S.  Paterson, 
Esq.,  LLi.D.,  barnster-at-law,  for  some 
time  Lecturer  at  the  Sydney  University, 
inth.  whom  he  read  Greek,  Latin,  French, 


Algebra,  Euclid,  History,  and  Law.  Was 
appointed  junior  clerk,  H.M.  Customs, 
August  23,  1864;  fifth  clerk,  Central 
Police  Court,  February  7,  1868;  third 
clerk.  Equity  Office,  Supreme  Court, 
February  28,  1870;  third  clerk  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  December  1,  1872 ;  clerk 
of  the  Divorce  and  Matrimonial  Causes 
Court,  July  1,  1873;  chief  clerk  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  Deputy  Registrar  of  the 
Divorce  Court,  and  Secretary  to  the 
Barristers'  Adnoission  Board,  September 
1,  1874 ;  passed  his  examination  as  an 
attorney,  solicitor,  and  proctor,  and  ad- 
mitted July  3,  1875 — ^their  Honors  the 
Judges  (the  Chief  Justice,  Sir  James 
Martin,  Mr.  Justice  Hargrave,  and  Mr. 
Justice  Faucett)  complimenting  him  in 
open  court  for  passing  a  most  successful 
examination.  Appointed  Prothonotary 
and  Curator  of  Intestate  Estates,  also, 
R^istrar  of  the  Divorce  Court,  and 
Registrar  of  the  Vice- Admiralty  Court  of 
New  South  Wales,  January  12,  1876. 

SMITH,  Sir  Francis,  Knt.  (created 
1862),  eldest  son  of  the  late  Francis 
Smith,  Esq.,  of  Campania,  in  Tasmania, 
formerly  of  Lindfield,  in  the  county  of 
Sussex,  and  a  merchant  in  the  city  of  Lon- 
don ;  bom  1819 ;  educated  at  University 
College,  London,  where  he  gained  the 
first  prize  in  the  class  of  Jurisprudence 
(International  Law),  and  the  second  prize 
in  that  of  English  Equity ;  graduated  B.  A. 
in  the  University  of  London,  1840 ;  called 
to  the  Bar  at  the  Middle  Temple,  May 
1842  ;  admitted  a  barrister  in  Tasmania, 
October  1844.  Appointed  Solicitor- 
Greneral  in  1848 ;  nominated  by  the 
Governor,  Sir  William  Denison,  an  ex 
officio  Member  of  the  Legislative  Council, 
1851  ;  appointed  Attorney-General,  1854; 
a  Member  of  the  Executive  Council,  1855. 
Upon  the  discussion  in  the  Legislative 
Council  of  the  proposal  to  adopt  Responsible 
Government  in  1855,  he  declared  himself 
unfavourable  to  a  system  which  was 
likely  to  involve  fre^juent  changes  of 
administration,  as  being  unsuitable  to  a 
new  country  in  which  there  did  not  exist, 
as  in  England,  a  sufficiently  numerous 
class  of  gentlemen  possessing  the  requisite 
wealth,  leisure,  culture,  and  experience ; 
and    thought     that    the    then     existing 


186 


SMETH— SMITH. 


Ck>nstitation  might  be  so  modified  as  to  give 
due  weight  to  the  will  of  the  people  in  the 
Government  of  the  country,  by  restricting 
the  nominee  element  in  the  Legislative 
Council  to  a  limited  number  of  ex  officio 
Members  only ;  was  a  Member  of  the  first 
House  of  Assembly  and  first  administra- 
tion under  the  new  Constitution,  holding 
office  as  Attomey-Greneral,  from  Novem- 
ber 1,  1866  to  February  26,  1857  ;  again 
appointed  Attomey-Oeneral,  April  25, 
1867,  and  became  Premier  on  May  12th 
following,  which  office  he  held  until 
appointed  Puisne  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  November  1,  1860;  appointed 
Chief  Justice  February  6,  1870;  was 
Administrator  of  the  Gfovemment  of  Tas- 
mania from  November,  1874,  to  January, 
1875;  married,  1851,  Sarah,  only  child  of 
the  Rev.  Greorge  Giles,  LL.D.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Conservative  Club,  London. 
SMITH,  Hon.  Professor  John,  C.M.G., 
M.L.C.,  was  educated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Aberdeen,  where  he  took  the 
degrees  of  M.A.  and  M.D.  For  five 
years  he  conducted  the  class  of  chemistry 
at  Marischal  College,  as  substitute 
for  Professor  Clark,  who  was  incapa- 
citated by  ill  health.  In  1852,  when 
Sir  John  HerSchel,  Professor  Airy  (As- 
tronomer Royal),  Professor  Maiden,  of 
University  College,  London,  and  Alfred 
Denison,  Esq.,  were  commissioned  by  the 
Sydney  University  with  the  task  of 
selecting  professors  for  the  University, 
they  selected  Dr.  Smith  as  the  first 
Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Experimental 
Physics.  He  accepted  the  office  ;  and 
during  the  twenty-six  years  that  have 
elapsed  since  the  opening  of  the  University, 
he  has  exercised  the  duties  of  the  profes- 
sorship. Early  in  1 853  he  was  appointed 
by  the  Government  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  National  Education,  and  con- 
tinued to  serve  on  that  Board  till  its  dis- 
solution in  1866,  by  the  passing  of  the 
Public  Schools  Act  When  that  Act 
came  into  operation  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  Education.  He 
has  ever  since  continued  to  fulfil  the  duties 
of  that  position.  For  twenty-six  years  he 
has  been  a  zealous  promoter  of  public  ele- 
mentary education,  and  for  a  number  of 
years  has  been  President  of  the  Council. 


He  has  served  on  numerous  Govenmient 
Boards  and  Royal  Commissions,  and  wts 
President  of  the  Commission  on  Water 
Supply.  He  has  been  an  active  member 
of  the  Royal  Society  of  New  South  Wales, 
and  is  one  of  its  Vice-Presidents.  Pro- 
fessor Smith  has  travelled  over  a  great 
part  of  this  and  the  neighbouring  colonies, 
including  New  Zealand,  and  made  him- 
self genei-ally  acquainted  with  their 
character  and  resources.  Since  his  ap- 
pointment to  the  Professorship  in  the 
University  he  has  twice  re- visited  Englani 
On  his  return  from  these  voyages  round  the 
world  .he  gave  lectures  to  many  audiences 
on  the  scenes  through  which  he  had 
travelled,  and  the  historical  and  anti- 
quarian topics  associated  with  them.  Pro- 
fessor Smith  was  appointed  a  Member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  in  1874.  He 
obtained  from  Aberdeen  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  in  1876.  He  was  made 
C.M.G.  in  1877  (for  services  in  the  cause 
of  education),  and  he  continues  to  be  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council  of  Education,  having 
been  re-elected  nine  times. 

SMITH,  JoHK  Thomas,  M.L.  A.,  bom  at 
Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  in  1816,  and 
educated  at  Mr.  Cape's  school.  He  com- 
menced life  as  a  clerk  in  the  Bank  of 
Australasia  :  this  he  left  for  the  Colonial 
Store  department.  Accepted  the  apj>oint- 
ment  of  assistant  teacher  at  the  Church  of 
England  Aboriginal  Mission  Station,  Mel- 
bourne ;  arrived  there  by  the  "  James 
Watt,"  steamer,  at  the  close  of  1837.  He 
turned  his  attention  to  business  pursuits, 
as  manager  for  the  late  Hon.  John  Hodg- 
son, and  subsequently  on  his  own  account. 
During  the  years  1838,  1839,  and  1840  he 
carried  on  a  considerable  business  in  Mel- 
bourne, and  then  laid  the  foundation  of  a 
future  competency.  He  built  the. Queen's 
Theatre — ^the  first  house  for  theatiical 
representiition  in  Melbourne.  On  the  in- 
corporation of  the  City  of  Melbourne  in 
1 842  he  was  elected  to  the  City  Council,  and 
retained  his  seat  till  his  death  ;  was  seven 
times  elected  Mayor  of  Melbourne.  In 
1851  he  was  elected  for  North  Bourke ;  fa 
1853  for  the  City  of  Melbourne;  in  1859 
for  Creswick,  and  represented  West  Bourke 
at  the  time  of  his  decease.  He  was  Minister 
for  Mines  in  the  Macpherson  Government 


SMITH—SMITH. 


187 


in  1869.  Mr.  Smith  was  the  first  Free- 
mason initiated  in  Victoria,  and  was 
aj^xHnted  by  the  Duke  of  Leinster  Pro- 
vincial Grand  Master  under  the  Irish 
Gonstitation.  The  Duke  of  Abercom 
reoeired  the  appointment  in  1875.  He 
was  alao  a  member  of  the  order  of  Odd 
FeUovs,  Manchester  Unity.  As  Mayor  of 
Melbourne  in  1858,  he  was  delegated  by 
the  City  Council  to  present  an  address  of 
congratulation  to  Her  Majesty,  Queen 
Yictona,  on  the  marriage  of  the  Princess 
Boral,  and  proceeded  to  England.  He  was 
a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  Colonies  of 
New  South  Wales  and  Victoria ;  a  trustee 
of  the  Victorian  Savings'  Bank ;  a  member 
of  the  Central  Board  of  Health,  and  Chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the  Metro- 
politan Lunatic  Asylums  and  Betreats  at 
Cremome  and  NorUicote.  He  was  gener- 
ous to  the  public  charitable  institutions  of 
Victoria,  many  of  which  have  been  estab- 
lished with  his  assistance  and  co-operation. 
He  died  in  Melbourne,  January  30,  1879. 
SMITH,  Robert  Burdett,  M.L.A. 
bom  in  Sydney  in  1842,  received  the 
earty  ])art  of  his  education  at  Mr.  Cape's 
school  and  subsequently  became  a  pupil 
at  Bt  James's  Grammar  School,  and  of 
the  Surry  Hills  Academy.  He  afterwards 
studied  classics  with  Dr.  McKaen,  LL.D., 
^  later,  a  course  extending  over  two 
years  with  a  private  tutor.  Mr.  Smith  at 
an  early  age  was  articled,  in  1858,  to  Mr. 
William  Roberts,  solicitor,  and  managed 
the  business  for  that  gentleman  for  some 
fears  bef <»e  his  own  admission  as  an  attor- 
ney of  the  Supreme  Court  October  31, 1863. 
He  then  began  practice  on  lus  own  account, 
snd  has  since  conducted  a  large  and  in- 
creasing business.  Mr.  Smith  first  took 
pert  in  public  affairs  at  the  very  large 
meeting  held  at  the  Victoria  Theatre,  to 
express  sympathy  with  the  Duke  of  Edin- 
hurgh,  on  the  occasion  of  an  attempt 
made  upon  his  life  by  OTarrell,  at  Clon- 
tarf,  Sydney.  In  consequence  of  the 
^)eech  made  by  Mr.  Smith  on  this  occa- 
Rioiu  he  was  shortly  afterwards  elected 
President  of  the  Australian  Patriotic 
Aaaodation.  He  has  always  been  a  warm 
promoter  of  the  Captain  Cook  Memorial 
fvaid,  becoming  Secretary  to  the  Com- 
mittee, and  exerting  himself  strenuously 


for  the  object  in  view.  Mr.  Smith  has 
seen  the  realisation  of  his  wishes  by  the 
elevation  and  unveiling  of  the  beautiful 
statue  in  honour  of  the  great  navigator, 
the  founder  of  the  countiy,  February  25, 
1879.  At  the  general  election  of  1869, 
Mr.  Smith  was  invited,  by  several  influen- 
tial electors  of  the  Hastings  to  become  a 
candidate  for  the  representation  of  that 
constituency  in  Parliament.  He  con- 
sented, but  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Horace 
Dean.  Mr.  Dean  being  an  **  alien,"  Mr. 
Smith  petitioned  against  his  return,  and 
succeeded  in  unseating  him,  when  a  fresh 
writ  was  issued.  Mr.  Smith  and  Mr. 
Dean  again  became  candidates  and  Mr. 
Dean  was  again  elected  and  again  unseated 
on  the  petition  of  Mr.  Smith,  who  on  the 
third  election  was  without  canvassing  on 
his  part  chosen  to  represent  the  constitu- 
ency, an  event  which  was  celebrated  by 
his  friends  inviting  him  to  a  dinner  in 
the  refreshment  room  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly,  Sir  James  Martin,  now  Chief 
Justice,  presiding.  At  the  general  election 
of  1872,  Mr.  Smith  was  again  returned  for 
the  Hastings.  He  received  a  vote  of  thanks 
from  his  constituents  for  his  strenuous 
exertions  to  obtain  an  adequate  represen- 
tation for  the  Electorate  when  the  Electoral 
Bill  was  introduced,  and  was  again  returned 
by  them,  unopposed,  at  the  general  election, 
December,  1874,  according  to  him  all  the 
honours  of  a  triumph.  During  this  period 
he  introduced  and  carried  a  Bill  for  the 
increased  representation  of  the  Electorate, 
which,  however,  has  not  been  carried  into 
effect,  in  consequence  of  the  Government^ 
at  the  general  election  in  November, 
1877,  having  promised  to  embody  it  in 
the  Electoral  Reform  Act  to  be  introduced 
by  them.  Mr.  Smith  was  re-elected  as 
Member  for  the  Hastings,  and  without 
personal  canvass.  He  has  been  appointed 
<m  two  different  occasions  by  the  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  an  Examiner  in 
Law,  and  is  a  Magistrate  of  the  Territory. 
SMITH,  Rev.  Canon  Thomas,  was  bom 
at  Leominster,  England,  December  21, 
1829.  The  early  part  of  his  life  he 
acknowledges  to  have  been  one  of  wicked- 
ness. He  was  educated  at  the  Grange, 
Leominster,  and  for  a  short  time  at  King's 
College,    London,   but   left   to  come    to 


188 


SMYTH— STANDISH. 


Sydney,  where  he  amived  in  1857.  He 
was  ordained  in  1858,  and  laboured  first 
at  Blackwattle  Swamp,  during  which  time 
St.  Barnabas'  church  was  built  Was 
made  a  Canon  of  Sydney  Cathedral  in 
1872.  Went  to  Bathurst  in  1873,  since 
which  time  the  Cathedral  church  there  has 
been  renovated  and  enlarged.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  energetic  clergymen  of  the  Church 
of  England  in  Australia. 

SMYTH,  Robert  Brough,  was  bom 
at  Carville,  in  1830.  In  1846  he  was 
assistant  at  the  Derwent  Ironworks  ;  in 
1852  he  went  out  to  Victoria  and  entered 
the  Survey  department  as  a  draughtsman  ; 
and  in  1854  was  appointed  to  take  charge 
of  the  meteorological  observations;  in  1858 
was  appointed  Secretary  to  the  Board  of 
Science,  and  in  1860  was  made  Secretary  for 
Mines,  and  held  office  until  1876,  when  he 
resigned  all  his  Government  employments. 
He  has  written  "  Tlie  Prospectors'  Hand- 
book," "  Gold-fields  and  Mineral  Dis- 
tricts of  Victoria,"  various  papers  in 
literary  and  scientific  journals  in  Victoria 
and  Europe,  and  ''The  Manners  and 
Customs  of  the  Aboriginal  Natives  of 
Australia." 

SNODGRASS,  Colonel  Kenneth, 
•C.B.,  was  bom  in  Scotland,  about  the  year 
1784.  At  an  early  age  he  entered  the 
army  in  the  52nd ;  led  the  "  forlorn  hope" 
at  St  Sebastian;  was  twice  wounded 
during  the  Peninsular  war,  for  wliich  he 
received  a  pension.  When  Sir  John 
Franklin  left  Tasmania  he  administered  the 
Civil  Government,  as  he  did  also  tliat  of 
New  South  Wales  previous  to  the  arrival 
of  Sir  Greorge  Gipps.  He  died  on  the 
Hunter,  October,  1853. 

SOLANDER,  Daniel  Charles,  M.D., 
an  eminent  naturalist  and  pupil  of  Linnaeus, 
bom  in  Nordland,  Sweden,  1736  ;  took 
his  degree  as  doctor  of  medicine  at  Upsal, 
.and  in  1760  visited  England.  At  the 
request  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  he  accom- 
panied that  botanist  in  the  voyage  round 
the  world  with  Captain  Cook.  In  1773 
be  was  appointed  under-librarian  of  the 
British  Museum.  He  wrote  a  "Description 
of  the  Collection  of  Petrifactions  found  in 
Hampshire,"  which  had  been  given  to  the 
British  Museum,  and  "Observations  on 
2?"atural  History  in  Cook's  Voyage."     He 


left  a  mass  of  valuable  manuscripts,  which 
are  in  the  British  Museum.  He  died  in  1 7  82. 

SORRELL,  Colonel  Williah,  was 
bom  in  1775  ;  was  Colonel  of  the  48th 
Regiment,  and  on  April  9,  1817,  was 
appointed  Governor  of  Van  Diemen's 
Land,  which  position  he  held  until  May 
14,  1824.  He  retired  on  a  pension  in 
1825,  and  died  January  4,  1848. 

SOWERBY,  Very  Rbv.  William, 
Dean  of  Groulbum,  was  bom  at  CasUe 
Sowerby,  Cumberland,  August  31,  1799. 
He  studied  at  St.  Bees  College,  and  was 
ordained  in  1835.  In  1837  he  came  out  to 
Sydney  and  was  appointed  to  Goulbum; 
in  1868  was  made  Dean  of  Groulbum, 
for  thirty-eight  years  he  laboriously  and 
charitably  lived  among  the  people  of  that 
city.  He  died  at  Goulbum,  November 
22,  1875. 

STACK,  Rev.  Canon  William,  edu- 
cated at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and 
ordained  in  that  city.  He  married 
Miss  Bagot,  -and  in  1838  came  out  to 
Sydney.  His  first  charge  was  West 
Maitland  and  the  yrhole  of  the  Hunter 
above  it,  which  he  retained  until  the  for- 
mation of  the  diocese  of  Newcastle  in 
1847,  when  he  removed  to  St.  Peters, 
Campbelltown.  There  he  buried  two  of 
his  children,  and  in  1855  removed  to 
Balmain.  He  took  a  lively  interest  in  the 
formation  of  a  synod,  and  ^ras  made  a 
Canon  of  St.  Andrew's  Cathedral  In 
1867  he  paid  a  visit  to  England,  and  re- 
turned with  his  health  improved  by  the 
change.  On  June  12,  1871,  he  left  home 
with  Mrs.  Stack  for  Walgett,  to  see 
their  son  who  had  met  with  a  dangerous 
accident,  and,  on  the  13th  was  tiirown 
from  the  coach  and  sustained  severe 
injuries,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  ex- 
pired the  same  day.  He  was  buried,  as  he 
had  requested,  at  Campbelltown. 

STANDISH,  Captain  Frederick 
Charles,  son  of  the  late  Charles  Standish, 
of  Standish  Hall,  Wigan,  Lancashire, 
was  bom  there  in  1824 ;  was  educated 
at  Prior  Park  College,  and  then  entered 
the  Royal  Military  Academy,  Woolwich : 
obtained  a  commission  in  the  Koyal 
Artilleiy,  in  which  he  served  for  nine 
years  and  retired  with  the  rank  of  Cap- 
tain.     He   came  to   Victoria   in    1852, 


STANTON--STEEL. 


189^ 


and  in  1654  was  appointed  Assistant 
Comniissioiier  of  Crold-fields  at  Sandhurst, 
and  in  1858  Chinese  Protector.  On  the 
roignation  of  Sir  Charles  Macmahon  he 
iras  made  Chief  Conunissioner  of  Police. 

STANTON,  Right  Key.  GeorgbHenry, 
first  Bishop  of  North  Queensland,  was 
educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  and 
took  his  degree  of  B.A.  in  1859,  and  M.A. 
in  1862;  laboured  as  curate  from  1862, 
for  two  years  at  All  Saints,  Maidstone, 
and  afterwards  at  St.  SaYiour's,  perpetual 
cnrate  of  Holy  Trinity  church,  Fitzroy- 
sqoare,  in  1867  was  made  rector  of 
H<dboni;  consecrated  Bishop  of  North 
Queensland  June  24,  1878,  with  Dr. 
Madagan,  Bishop  of  Lichfield,  and  Dr. 
Cnuner  Roberts,  Bishop  of  Nassau ;  took 
ckai^  of  his  diocese  May,  1879. 

STAWELL,  Sir  William  Foster,  Chief 
Jnatice  of  Victoria,  bom  in  county  Cork, 
Jane,  1815;  educated  at  Trinity  College; 
stadied  for  the  law  and  was  called  to  the  Bar 
in  London,  in  1839.  In  1842  he  came  to 
Melbourne,  and  in  1851,  on  Victoria  being 
nnde  a  separate  colony,  was  appointed 
Attomey-G«neral ;  in  1856  was  elected  to 
represent  Melbourne  in  the  LegislatiYe 
Assembly,  and  on  Sir  W.  A'Beckett  re- 
signing the  Chief  Justiceship,  in  conse* 
qnence  of  his  ^buling  health,  he  recelYcd 
that  appointment ;  was  knighted  shortly 
afterwards.  In  1873  he  Yisited  England 
on  leaYe;  in  1875  was  Acting-Governor 
daring  the  absence  of  Sir  George  Bowen. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  England, 
and  has  always  shown  an  earnest  interest 
in  the  proceedings  of  the  synod.  He 
married,  in  1856,  the  only  daughter  of 
Mr.  W.  P.  Greene,  R.N.,  and  has  a 
nnmerotts  family. 

STEEL,  The  Hey.  Robert.,  M.A., 
Ph.  D.,  D. D. ,  bom  at  Pontypool,  Monmouth- 
shire, England,  in  1827,  of  Scotch  parents ; 
^v  taken  to  Scotland  at  an  early  age, 
ttd  for  a  few  years  educated  at  a  parish 
scliool,  and  then  at  the  Royal  Burgh 
Academy  in  Ayr.  He  entered  the  Uni- 
versity and  King's  College,  Aberdeen,  in 
1^43,  and  in  1846  went  from  that  to 
Edinburgh  to  study  theology.  In  January, 
1851,  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Free 
l*»«bytery  of  Irvine  and,  after  labouring 
for  a  time  in  Irvine,  and  afterwards  at 


Blairgowrie,  Perthshire,  was  settled  in  the 
Isle  of  Cumbrae,  on  the  Clyde,  as  a 
minister  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland ; 
remained  in  this  sphere  for  three  years,  and 
was  translated  to  Salford,  in  lAncashire, 
in  1855,  to  the  great  regret  of  his  flock. 
When  in  Manchester  he  was  chosen  one 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  United 
Kingdom  Alliance,  and  received  a  high 
recognition  of  esteem  from  that  body. 
He  was  removed  to  Cheltenham  in  the 
beginning  of  1859,  where  he  was  very 
successful.  He  had  at  an  early  age  com- 
menced to  write  for  the  Religious  Press, 
and  was  a  contributor  to  the  British  Mes- 
seTiger^  the  Sunday  Scfu)ol  Union  Magazine^ 
the  Bible  Class  Magazine^  the  British 
Herald^  and  the  Quiver.  He  was  also  the 
originator  and  one  of  the  editors  for  four 
years  of  Meliora — a  quarterly  review  of 
social  science,  in  its  ethical,  economical, 
political,  and  ameliorative  aspects.  In  this 
he  had  very  distinguished  contributors,  and 
won  the  respect  of  many.  In  1 861  many  of 
his  friends,  including  the  members  of  his 
Presbjrtery  and  of  other  churches,  recom- 
mended him  to  the  University  of  Gottin- 
gen,  which  oonf  erml  on  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Philosophy.  The  late  eminent 
biblical  scholar.  Professor  Dr.  Ewfdd,  con- 
veyed the  honour  in  a  very  kind  letter  in 
reference  to  his  work  on  "  Samuel  the 
Prophet"  When  the  church  in  Mac- 
quarie-street,  Sydney,  was  vacant  in  1861, 
he  was  invited  by  the  Commissioners  of  the 
Congregation  then  in  England — Professor 
Smith  and  Mr.  J.  S.  Adam,  with  the 
Colonial  Committee  of  the  Freel  Church 
of  Scotland  to  undertake  the  charge, 
which  he  accepted  He  arrived  in  Sydney 
June,  1862 ;  took  a  very  active  part  in 
promoting  the  Union  of  Presbyterian 
Churches  in  New  South  Wales,  and  was 
elected  Moderator  of  the  third  General 
Assembly  in  1867.  His  address  was  pub- 
lished at  the  time  under  the  title  of  "  The 
Church  and  the  Pulpit."  He  also  advo- 
cated the  establishment  of  St.  Andrew's 
College,  and  collected  a  large  sum  for  its 
erection.  He  stood  at  the  head  of  the 
poll  at  the  selection  of  Clerical  Councillors ; 
has  for  a  series  of  years  been  elected 
by  the  Greneral  Assembly  as  one  of  the 
Tutors  in  Theology,   and   has  taken  the 


190 


STENHOTJSE. 


department  of  Church  History  and  Pas^ 
toral  Theology.  Dr.  Steel  has  edited  the 
Presbyteiian  periodical  in  Sydney  for  a 
number  of  years.  His  congregation  is 
the  largest  in  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  the  colony.  Whilst  acting  on  behalf  of 
the  churches  supporting  the  New  Hebrides 
Mission,  during  the  excitement  of  the 
Polynesian  Labour  Traffic  in  1869,  he  was 
prosecuted  for  contempt  of  Court  for  pub- 
lishing a  letter  from  a  missionary  referring 
to  the  conduct  of  a  captain,  then  await- 
ing his  trial  for  murder  of  kidnapped 
South  Sea  Islanders.  Dr.  Steel  made  an 
affidayit  that  he  was  unaware  of  the  arrest 
of  the  party  at  the  time  of  publication; 
but  the  Supreme  Court  by  a  majority  ad- 
Judged  him  guilty  of  contempt.  The 
Chief  Justice,  Sir  Alfred  Stephen,  dis- 
salted  entirely  from  the  judgment,  and 
the  newspaper  Press  of  the  colonies  and 
public  opinion  in  Sydney,  with  marked 
unanimity,  expressed  dissatisfaction  with 
the  reprimand  given  by  one  of  the 
Judges.  Dr.  Steel  received  ttn  address 
from  a  public  meeting,  presided  over 
by  Mr.  (now  Sir)  John  Hay,  and  also 
s,  p^orse  of  sovereigns  to  defray  his  ex- 
penses. His  congregation  also  presented 
him  with  a  gold  watch,  and  he  shortly 
afterwards  secured  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Lafayette 
College,  Pennsylvania,  one  of  the  chief 
Presbyterian  Colleges  of  America.  For 
this  he  was  recommended  by  the  Mode- 
rator and  ex-Moderators  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  in  this  colony,  by  one 
of  the  Professors  of  the  University  of 
Sydney,  and  by  ministers  and  others  in 
America  and  Nova  Scotia,  for  the  latter 
of  whom  he  had  been  acting  as  agent  of 
the  New  Hebrides  Mission.  Dr.  Steel 
removed  from  Macquarie-street  to  Phillip- 
stareet  in  1874,  when  the  present  St 
Stephen's  church  received  its  handsome 
spire.  In  1874  he  paid  a  visit  to  the  New 
Hebrides  in  the  **  Dayspring  "  to  see  the 
working  of  the  Mission,  and  published 
the  notes  of  his  voyage.  In  Sydney  Dr. 
Steel  has  been  always  ready  to  take  a  part 
in  philanthropic  and  religious  move- 
ments, and  to  unite  with  other  Christian 
ministers  in  works  of  geneml  usefulness. 
He    has    visited   most   of    the    country 


districts^  from  Glen  Innes  to  Twofold  Bay, 
and  as  fax  west  as  Dubbo,  on  the  business 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Alike  in 
town  and  country,  he  has  lectured  on 
popular  topics  of  literature  azMl  religioD, 
suitable  to  mixed  audiences,  and  has  bets 
identified  with  the  cause  of  temperance 
reform.  Dr.  Steel's  works  are  : — "  Doing 
Crood ;  or  the  Christian  in  Walka  of  Use- 
fuhiess,"  1858  ;  '<  Samuel  the  Prophet^  aad 
the  Lessons  of  his  life  and  Times,"  1860 ; 
"  Lives  made  sublime  by  Faith  and  Work,'' 
1861 ;  *' Burning  and  Shining  lights,  w 
Memoirs  of  Good  Ministers  of  Jesus 
Christ,"  1864;  and  "The  Christian 
Teacher  in  Sunday  Schools,''  1867. 
These  have  all  been  published  by  Messre. 
Nelson  and  Sons,  of  Edinbuigh^  within 
the  last  twenty  years,  and  have  had  a 
large  circulation.  All  the  remaining  stock 
was  consumed  in  the  great  fire  on  the 
premises  of  the  publishers  some  months 
ago.  "Doing  Good,"  has  been  since 
reprinted. 

STENHOUSE,  Nicol  Drysdale,  "the 
Msecenas  of  Australian  literature,"  for 
many  years  occupied  a  prominent  position 
[  in  legal,  scientific,  and  literary  circles.  He 
was  a  patron  of  literature  and  the  ai-ts,  and 
many  experienced  his  kindly  encourage- 
ment. Mr.  Stenhouse  was  connected 
with  most  of  the  literary  and  scientific 
institutions  of  Sydney,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Senate  of  the  University.  He  was 
a  clerk  to  Sir  William  Hamilt<m,  when 
the  latter  was  practising  as  an  advocate 
in  the  Court  of  Session,  Edinburgh,  and 
was  afterwards  enrolled  as  an  attorney ; 
was  a  correspondent  and  very  intimate 
friend  of  the  celebrated  writer  De  Q\iincy, 
and  was  a  pupil  of  Pillans  Dunbar 
Brunton.  He  was  in  New  South  Wales 
for  about  forty-six  years,  during  which  time 
he  was  enga^^  in  an  extensive  practice  as 
an  attomey-at-law,  and  not  many  months 
before  his  death  the  partnership  between 
him  and  Mr.  Hardy  was  dissolved,  in  con- 
sequence of  Mr.  Hardy  leaving  for  Eng- 
land. At  an  election  of  officers  of  the 
University,  the  last  that  occurred  before 
his  death,  Mr.  Stenhouse  was,  on  the 
motion  of  Dr.  Badham,  admitted  as  an 
Examiner  in  the  faculty  of  Law,  and 
made  a  member  of  the  Senate.     For  many 


STEPHEN. 


191 


jeirs  he  evinced  a  deep  interest  in   the 
Syuoej  Mechanics'  School  of  Arts,  as  its 
President^  in  which  honourable  position 
he  succeeded  the  late  Dr.  WooUey,  the 
stiougest  friendship  existing  between  these 
two   Hteruy    brethren.      He    was   well 
known  as  a  scholar  and  fosterer  of  colonial 
literature,  and  his  few  published  works  show 
gmt  power  and  refined  taste,  as  well  as  a 
profound    acquaintance     with     classical, 
German,  and  English  literature.     He  was 
Goe  of  the  first  appointed  trustees  of  the 
Free  Public  Library,  and  was  the  proprietor 
of  a  splendid  private  collection  of  the  rarest 
aiuidioicest  woi^s.     Mr.  Stenhouse  was 
ai)out  seventy-three  years  of  age  when  he 
died,  1876,  leaving  a  wife  and  five  children. 
STEPHEN,      Sir      Alfred,      C.R, 
K.C.M.G.,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New 
South  Wales,  was  bom  in  St.  Christopher, 
one  of  the  Leeward   Islands  in  the  West 
lodiesi,  August    20,    1602,    and    is    the 
fourth  son  of  the  late  Mr.  Justice  Stephen, 
vho  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Nev  South  Wales,  and  who  died  in  Sydney, 
in  1833.      He  was  sent  to  the  Charter- 
ho«£e  School,  London,  under  Dr.  Raine. 
He  afterwards  went  to  the  Grammar  School 
at  Houiton,  Devonshire.  In  1 8 1 5  he  accom- 
panied his  father,  then  Solicitor-General 
of  the    Leeward    Talands,   to  the   West 
Indies,    They  landed  at  Barbadoes  June 
IS,  1815,  and  visited  all  the  islands  west- 
ward of  Barbadoes  to  St.  Thomas  (inclu- 
sive).   In  1817  Colonel  Thomson,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council  of  St.    Christopher, 
CiUed  on  all  above  sixteen  to  serve  in  the 
niilitia  formed  under  his  command  for  the 
defence  of  the  island ;    Mr.  Stephen  was 
appointed  a  second  Lieutenant  in  the  Corps 
of  FusUeers.     He  returned  to  England  and 
studied  for  the  Bar,  first  as  pupil  of  Ser- 
geant Stephen,  and   then  of  Sir    James 
Stephen.       In  November,  1823,   he  was 
called  to  the  Bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn,   and 
cosunenced   practice  as  an  equity  draf  ts- 
nian.     In  1824  he  married  a  daughter  of 
Matthew    Consett,  Esq.,   a  merchant    of 
London,  and  shortly  afterwards  embarked 
for  Tasmania.       In  April,  1825,  he  was 
appointed  Crown-Solicitor  and   Solicitor- 
General;  in  April,   1832,  whilst  on  his 
pssiiage  to  England  with  hi&  family  was 
^tted  Attorney-General  of  Tasmania. 


He  entered  on  the  duties  of  that 
office  in  the  following  year,  and  held  it 
until  1838.  In  that  year  he  married 
his  second  wife,  now  Lady  Stephen, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  W.  Bedford,  D.D., 
senior  chaplain  of  Tasmania.  In  April, 
1839,  Sir  George  Gipps  appointed  him  to 
a  vacant  judgeship  in  New  South  Wales, 
and  in  October,  1844,  on  the  death  of  Sir 
James  Dowling,  he  became  Chief  Justice. 
In  August,  1846,  he  was  knighted,  in 
recognition  of  his  sei*vices  in  Tasmania 
ancl  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  South 
Wales.  In  1856,  on  the  initiation  of 
Parliamentary  Government,  he  was  ap- 
pointed President  of  the  Legislative 
Council.  In  the  following  year,  however, 
he  resigned  this  post,  and  in  1858  his  seat 
also.  At  various  times  he  has  appealed 
through  the  Press  to  public  opinion  on 
many  subjects.  In  1862  he  was  made  a 
C.R  By  both  branches  of  the  profession 
Sir  Alfred's  indefatigable  diligence  and 
conscientious  zeal,  his  unflagging  intellec- 
tual activity  and  tirbanity  have  been  sub- 
jects of  general  recognition.  On  the 
departure  of  Earl  Belmore,  February  23, 
1872,  he  was  Administrator  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, until  the  arrival  of  Sir  Hercules 
Bobinson.  In  1873  he  resigned  the  Chief 
Justiceship.  He  was  made  K.C.M.G.  in 
1874,  and  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New 
South  Wales  in  1875,  this  latter  appoint- 
men,t  having  been  decided  by  the  Home 
Government  in  consequence  of  a  claam 
to  that  office  having  been  made  by  Sir 
James  Martin  as  Chief  Justice,  on  the 
departure  of  Sir  Hercules  Bobinson  for 
Fiji  On  March  8th  in  the  same  year  Sir 
Alfred  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the 
Legislative  Council  This  seat  he  re- 
signed March  20,  1879,  in  consequence  of 
his  having  entered  upon  his  duties  as  Act- 
ing Governor,  consequent  on  the  departure 
of  Sir  Hercules  Bobinson,  a  position  he 
still  holds  (May,  1879).  He  has  been  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
Education,  and  has  always  been  distin- 
goished  b7  his  advocacy  ^md  support  of 
benevolent  and  charitable  institutions. 
During  his  career  on  the  Bench,  especially 
after  being  elevated  to  its  highest  position, 
Sir  Alfred  Stephen  was  always  most 
diligent  and  particular  in  preparing  his 


192 


STEPHEN— STEPHENS. 


judgments  for  press  publications,  personally 
revising  the  proofs  with  the  utmost  nicety. 
Sir  Alfred  has  a  large  family,  all  his  sons 
being  in  official  or  civil  positions  of  pro- 
minence in  the  colony. 

STEPHEN,  Alfred  Hewlett,  Canon, 
wasbomat  HobartTowninl826.,  Inl839, 
his  father  .Mr.  (now  Sir)  Alfred  Stephen 
brought  his  £3a,mily  to  Sydney,  and  Mr. 
Stephen  was  placed  at  the  Sydney  College ; 
was  then  sent  to  England,  and  graduated 
at  Cambridge ;  was  ordained  in  1848,  and 
returned  to  Sydney  shortly  afterwards.  In 
1850  he  was  appointed  to  Christ  church, 
and  in  1855  to  St  Paul's,  Redfem.  In 
1869  he  was  made  a  Canon  of  St  Andrew's 
Cathedral  He  is  (1879)  Vice-Chairman 
of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Bandwick 
Institute. 

STEPHEN,  Sir  George,  Knt.,  Q.C., 
was  bom  in  1794  ;  educated  in  the  medical 
schools,  but  afterwards  went  to  Magdalene 
College,  Cambridge.  After  two  years  he 
entered  the  office  of  Kaye  and  Freshfield, 
solicitors ;  was  one  of  the  leading  advocates 
for  the  abolition  of  slavery ;  was  knighted 
in  1837,  in  recognition  of  his  gratuitous 
professional  services  in  behalf  of  paupers. 
Two  of  his  sons  having  emigrated  to  Mel- 
bourne in  1852,  he  followed  them  with 
his  family  in  1855,  and  has  ever  since  re- 
mained  bi  Yictori;.  He  married  in  1821 
Henrietta,  eldest  daughter  of  William 
Kavenscroft,  Esq.,  county  Antrim,  and 
has  a  numerous  family.  He  has  written 
several  works,  chiefly  legal 

STEPHEN,  James  Wilberforcb,  bom 
in  London  1822,  is  the  son  of  the  late  Sir 
George  Stephen,  at  one  time  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  the  county  of  Bucks.  He 
was  educated  at  a  private  school,  and  then 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and 
graduated  fourth  Wrangler  in  1846.  He 
shortly  afterwards  took  the  degree  of  M. A. 
After  leaving  college  he  went  to  London 
and  read  for  two  years,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  Bar  and  practised  until  1854,  when 
he  came  out  to  Victoria.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  for  St  Kilda,  and  became  Attorney- 
General.  In  1872  he  was  made  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Victoria. 

STEPHENS,  James  Brunton,  born  at 
Bon  owstounness,  Linlithgowshire,  Scot- 
land,   in    1835  j     came    to   Queensland, 


1866.  Was  engaged  for  several  years  in 
private  tuition  in  that  colony ;  accepted 
an  appointment  under  the  Education 
department  Is  at  present  Head  Teacher 
of  the  State  School  at  Ashgrove, 
near  Brisbana  Author  of  "  Convict 
Once" ;  "  The  Godolphin  Arabian" ;  "  The 
Black  Gin  and  other  Poems";  "  A  Hundred 
Pounds" ;  "  Mute  Discourse,"  &c.,  «fec  He 
has  also  written  several  burlesques  and 
poems,  and  may  be  considered  one  of  the 
best  peiiodical  writers  in  verse  and  prose 
in  Australia  at  the  present  day. 

STEPHENS,  Hon.  T.  B.,  bom  at 
Kochdale,  in  the  year  1819  ;  came  to  New 
South  Wales  in  1849,  and  was  for  some 
years  a  woolbroker,  in  partnership  with 
Mr.  Atkinson,  carn^ing  on  business  at 
the  Circular  Quay,  Sydney.  Four  or 
^ve  years  before  Separation  he  settled 
in  Brisbane,  and  commenced  the  fell- 
mongery  business  near  Cleveland.  About 
the  year  1862  or  1863  he  gave  up  the 
Cleveland  works  and  started  the  fell> 
mongery  business  at  the  Burnett  Swamp, 
on  the  Logan  road,  a  short  distance  from 
South  Brisbane,  to  which  he  gave  the 
native  name  of  "  Ekibin."  Subsequently 
he  added  the  tannery  business,  and  for 
some  years  past  it  has  been  the  largest 
tannery  and  fellmongery  establishment  in 
that  part  of  the  colony.  About  the  time 
of  the  separation  of  Queensland  from  New 
South  Wales,  or  shortly  afterwards,  Mr. 
Stephens  became  proprietor  of  the  Courier j 
the  oldest  newspaper  in  the  colony,  and 
held  it  until  1869,  when  it  passed  into 
the  hands  of  a  company,  of  which  he  was 
a  shareholder.  Mr.  Stephens's  connection 
with  the  Cmtrler  terminated  about  1873, 
when  the  property  was  sold  to  the  present 
proprietors.  The  one  achievement  how- 
ever on  which  he  most  prided  himself 
in  newspaper  work,  and  in  the  success  of 
which  he  took  the  deepest  personal  interest, 
was  the  Queenalaiuier^  which  he  estab- 
lished. For  a  number  of  years  he  wrote 
a  considerable  portion  of  the  leading 
matter  of  this  journal  Mr.  Stephens 
was  elected  an  alderman  of  Brisbane  soon 
after  the  town  became  a  municipality, 
and  held  the  office  for  several  years. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  Mayor.  He  repre- 
sented South  Brisbane  in  the  Legislative 


STILES— STOUT. 


193 


Assembly  from  the  time  of  sisparation  until 
he  retired  from  public  life.  A  few  months 
before  his  death  he  wte  nominated  to  a 
seat  in  the  Legislative  Council  of  Queens- 
land, and  attended  several  times.  He 
died  August  20,  1877.  Mr.  Stephens  left 
a  widow  and  eight  children — four  sons  and 
foar  daughters. 

STILES,  Rev.  Henry  Tarlton,  M.A., 
was  bom  at  Bristol,  June  24,  1808.  At 
the  close  of  his  schooL.career  he  entered  at 
Islington  College,  London,  and  was  subse- 
quently ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London, 
1833.  Shortly  afterwards  he  received  an 
appointment  as  one  of  the  colonial  chap- 
lains to  New  South  Wales,  and  before  the 
dose  of  the  year  entered  upon  his  duties 
At  St.  Matthew's,  Windsor,  where  he  con- 
tinued till  his  d€iath.  On  two  occasions  he 
^isitod  Norfolk  Island  to  prepare  con- 
•lemnptl  criminals  for  death.  He  received 
the  degree  of  M.  A.  from  the  Archbishop  of 
L^terlmry  on  Bishop  Broughton's  recom- 
mendation.    He  died  June  22,  1867. 

STIRLING,  Sir  James,  Knt.,  R.N.,  fifth 
*»n  of  Andrew  Stirling,  Esq.,  of  Drumpcl- 
Itt,  Ijmarkshire,  was  born  in  Drumpeller 
iTi  1791.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of 
^ir  Walter  Stirling.  He  entered  the  navy 
^t  an  early  age,  and  continued  in  active 
service  throughout  the  French  war ;  com- 
manded H.M-S.  "Brazen"  in  the  last 
American  war ;  was  for  seven  years — from 
June  1,  1829,  to  September  30,  1832, 
again  from  August,  1834,^  to  December, 
1838— first  Governor  and  Commander-in- 
cJuef  of  W^tem  Australia.  On  his  return 
to&igland  after  establishing  this  colony 
lie  was  knighted ;  was  Commander-in-chief 
in  China  during  a  part  of  the  Russian  war ; 
^as  in  1852  for  a  few  weeks  a  Lord  of  the 
Admiralty.     He  died  in  1868. 

ST.  JULIAN,  Charles  James  Herbert, 
bom  in  Prance,  May  10,  1819,  was  the 
5»n  of  a  French  officer.  His  mother  was 
£figli.sh  Landed  in  Adelaide  in  1 837,  and 
in  Sydney  in  1 839.  Wrote  for  the  Austra- 
flnn  Ckrwiidey  and  then  for  the  Commercial 
Jwinudj  afterwards  known  as  the  Free 
.  Pr&8»,  In  1 84 3  joined  the  Sydney  Morning 
fltrtUfl  Left  in  1847  to  join  Mr.  R  J. 
Hawksley  in  the  Sydney  Chronicle,  In 
I'^^Q  again  joined  the  Herald,  and  remained 
^th  it  as  law  reporter  until  1872,  when  he 


received  the  appointment  of  Chief  Justice 
of  Fiji,  from  King  Thakombau.  He  died 
near  Levuka,  November  26,  1874.  He 
wrote  several  works,  of  which  the  most 
noteworthy  is  oneonN.S.W.  Municipal  law. 

STONEHOUSE,  Rev.  George,  Ade- 
laide,  S.A.,  was  bom  at  Cranbrook,  in 
Kent,  July  1, 1808.  His  father  and  grand- 
father were  both  Baptist  ministers.  After 
attending  private  schools  in  his  native 
town,  he  studied  at  the  Newport  Pagnell 
Theological  Institution,  conducted  by  Dr. 
Bull.  Mr.  Stonehouse  was  ordained  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  church  at  Middleton, 
Cheney,  Northamptonshire,  September, 
1833.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Chip- 
ping Norton,  where  he  imdertook  the 
pastorate  of  another  Baptist  church  in 
1838,  but  owing  to  a  weakness  in  his  voice 
fi'om  previous  over-exertion  in  public 
speaking,  he  was  recommended  to  remove 
to  a  warmer  climate,  and  in  1845  arrived 
in  South  Australia  with  his  wife  and  family. 
Mr.  G.  F.  Angas  assisted  in  sending  him 
out,  intending  him  to  be  President  of  a 
Baptist  College,  which  Mr.  Angas  de- 
sired to  found  in  Adelaide.  Tliis  plan 
however,  was  not  carried  out,  and  Mr. 
Stonehouse  for  a  time  dej)ende{l  to  a  great 
extent  on  teaching  at  Angaston.  He  was 
afterwai-ds  invit^  to  Adelaide,  where  he 
became  pastor  of  the  first  Baptist  church, 
and  preached  for  about  eighteen  years  with 
great  usefulness.  The  old  complaint  in  his 
throat  returning  he  was  compelled  to  give 
up  preaching,  and  was  appointed  President 
of  an  embryo  Baptist  College  in  .  Ade- 
laide. After  holding  this  position  for  only 
two  years,  an  attack  of  acute  bronchitis 
terminated  his  life,  July  24,  1871. 

STOUT,  Hon.  Robert,  bom  in  Lerwick, 
Shetland  Isles,  in  1845,  was  educated  at 
the  parish  school.  In  1858  he  passed  his 
examination  as  a  pupil  teacher,  and  taught 
for  five  years  in  the  paiish  school.  In  1 863 
he  left  for  New  Zealand,  and  was  engaged 
as  second  master  in  Dunedin  Grammar 
School ;  organised  the  Otago  Schoolmasters' 
Association,  now  the  Educational  Institute 
of  Otago,  of  wh  ich  he  is  President.  In  1 8 6  7 
he  began  the  study  of  the  law,  and  was 
articled  in  1868.  He  was  a  constant  con- 
tributor to  the  Press,  and  edited  for  three 
years  an   important   weekly  journal    in 


194 


STOW— SntETCH. 


Otago.  He  passed  as  barrister  in  July, 
1871  ;  has  been  a  large  contributor  to 
the  New  Zealand  Mo/gazine;  was  elected 
to  the  Greneral  Assembly  in  1875  for 
Caversham,  and  in  1876  for  Dunedin,  and 
became  Attorney-General  in  March,  1878. 

STOW,  Jefferson  Pickman,  Adelaide, 
South  Australia,  was  bom  at  Buntingford, 
Herefordshire,  September  4,  1830;  arrived 
in  the  colony  with  his  father  and  family 
in  October,  1837,  and  was  educated  partly 
by  his  father  and  partly  by  Mr.  Wylie, 
after  which  he  engaged  in  farming  pur- 
suits until  1856,  when  he  went  to  the 
Victorian  diggings.  On  returning,  he 
carried  on  business  as  an  agent  in  Gawler, 
and  subsequently  at  Wallaroo.  In  1864 
he  went  to  the  Northern  Territory,  and 
was  one  of  the  brave  little  party  that  pur- 
chased a  small  boat,  which  they  named  the 
"Forlorn  Hoj^e,"  and  in  which  they  accom- 
plished a  perilous  voyage  around  the  West 
Coast  and  back  to  South  Australia.  Mr. 
Stow  published  a  most  interesting  account 
of  this  expedition,  and  shortly  afterwards 
joined  the  Advertiser  staff^  and  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  Harris,  in  1876,  he  was 
appointed  editor,  which  office  he  still  holds. 

STOW,  Randolph  Isham,  Judge,  bom 
in  England  in  1829  ;  was  brought  by  his 
parents  to  Adelaide  in  1837,  and  educated 
at  Mr.  Wylie's  school.  In  1847  was 
articled  i(0  Bartley  and  Bakewell,  and  on 
the  expiry  of  his  term  was  taken  into 
partnership.  In  1859  he  commenced  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account;  in  1861  was 
elected  for  West  Torrens,  and  made  Attor- 
ney-General. In  1875  he  was  made  a 
Judge.  He  died  September  17,  1878. 

STOW,  Rev.  Thomas  Quinton,  was  bom 
at  Hadleigh,  in  Suffolk,  July  7, 1801.  At 
the  early  age  of  17,  he  began  preaching  the 
Gospel  Subsequently,  for  some  years  he 
studied  for  the  Ministry,  at  the  Missionary 
College,  Gosport,  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
Bogue  a  theologian  of  no  mean  attainments. 
His  first  pastoral  charge  was  at  Hunting- 
don in  Hertfordshire,  whence  he  removed  to 
Halstead,  in  Essex,  where  he  laboured  with 
much  success  for  many  years,  respected 
for  his  ability  and  consistency,  and  beloved 
for  his  kindness.  In  the  year  1837  Mr. 
Stow  was  sent  out  by  the  Congi'egational 
body  of  the  Colonial  Missionaiy  Society  to 


the  then  newly  established  Colony  of  South 
Australia.  In  the  firat  instance  he  preadied 
from  a  tent,  brought  with  him  from 
England,  and  pitched  it  in  the  park  land& 
The  first  sanctuary  was  a  very  unpretend- 
ing building  of  pine  and  reeds,  which  was 
partly  erected  by  Mr.  Stow's  own  hands, 
and  which  stood  in  North  Terrace,  just 
above  Trinity  churck  This  was  the  first 
religious  edifice  built  in  thexx>lony.  In 
the  year  1840,  the  church  in  Freeman- 
street  was  opened  for  Divine  worship,  and 
there  Mr.  Stow  laboured  with  untiring  de- 
votedness  and  moreasing  success  for  sevenl 
years,  until  at  length  he  was  seized  by  a 
severe  illness,  and  a  successor  (in  the 
person  of  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Evan)  was 
obtained.  Though  prevented  from  regular 
official  duties,  he  still  continued  to  serve 
the  churches  of  his  denomination,  and  it 
was  whilst  fulfilling  a  temporary  engage- 
ment in  Sydney  that  he  was  overtaken  by 
his  last  and  fatal  attack  of  illness.  He 
died  July  19,  1862,  at  the  house  of  Mr. 
John  Fairfax,  Sydney.  Mr.  Stow  was  a 
man  universally  beloved  and  respected,  a 
true  patriot,  an  urbane  gentleman,  a  faith- 
ful minister,  and  a  kind  friend. 

STRETCH,  Archdeacon  Thkodork 
C.  B.,  Worcester  College,  Oxford,  took  se- 
cond class  /?^  Liitris  Hufnanioribus;  B.A, 
1841;  M.A.,  1844;  ordained  at  Worcester 
deacon,  1841  ;  priest,  1842 ;  held  curacie?^ 
of  Wishaw  and  Harbro  Mayna,  Warwick- 
shire successively.  Appointed  to  vicarage 
of  Pott^rsbury,  Northants  Diocese,  Peter- 
borough, 1844  ;  arrived  in  Victoria,  July, 
1852 ;  appointed  to  Christ  church,  Geelong, 
1853;  to  St.  PauPs,  Geelong,  1854;  ap- 
pointed Archdeacon  of  Geelong,  18o4; 
resigned  parish  and  archdeaconry  in  1863 
to  take  the  parish  and  archdeaconry  of 
Sale,  Gippsland.  He  relinquished  this  in 
1866,  and  was  re-appointed  Archdeacon  of 
Geelong  without  parochial  charge,  the 
Bishop  having  resolved  to  try  the  experi- 
ment of  having  Archdeacons  unattaclie<l, 
to  be  employed  simply  in  superintendence 
of  readers,  organisation  and  Home  Mission 
work  generally.  In  1 869  the  Ajrchdeaconr>' 
of  Ballarat  and  Hamilton  was  formed,  U» 
wliich  Mr.  Stretch  was  appointed.  When 
the  project  of  di\*iding  the  Diocese  came 
to    be    seriously     entertained,     Ballarat 


STRZLECKI— STUART. 


195 


was  thought  by  many  to  be  the  fittest 
resiJenoe  for  a  second  Bishop.  After 
loDjC  delay,  an  organised  effort  was  made 
to  obtain  funds  for  the  endowment  of  a 
Bishopric,  in  which  the  Archdeacon  natur- 
ally took  a  leading  part.  The  effort  was 
successful,  resultiug  in  the  appointment  of 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Thornton,  as  the  first 
Bishop  of  Ballarat.  Shortly  after  the 
Bishop's  arrival,  which  took  place  in 
August,  1875y  the  Archdeacon  returned 
to  the  old  Diocese  of  Melbourne.  After 
aadsting  the  Vicar^jreneral  for  a  short 
pmod,  he  became  Incumbent  of  Trinity 
church,  South  St.  Kilda,  which  office  he 
FeaigQed  in  October,  1877,  having  been  re- 
quested by  the  Bishop  to  accept  the  ap- 
]M)iutm^it  of  administrator  under  the 
Church  Funds  Act 

STRZLECKI,  Count  Paul  K  von, 
tt  ditstinguished  Polish  refugee  ;  emigrated 
u>  Australia,  in  consequence  of  disorders 
in  his  own  country,  and  the  rigorous 
meaioires  adopted  towards  the  Poles  by 
the  Russian  Government ;  was  well  known 
for  his  scientific  pursuits,  especially  in 
^mJogy  and  ]V!(inerak)gy.  From  exami- 
nation of  the  rocks  made  soon  after  his 
arrival  in  Ne^w  South  Wales,  he  felt  cOli- 
\inced  of  the  existence  of  gold  in  the 
countrv.  Prosecuted  his  scientific  re- 
iieurcbes  with  great  vigour  for  five  years, 
and  at  a  personal  expense  of  £5,000 ; 
in  1839,  in  the  district  of  Wellington, 
discovered  gold-bearing  quartz,  specimens 
of  which  he  sent  to  Berlin  for  analysis ; 
exhibited  some  to  Mr.  Jaiafts  Macarthur 
and  other  gentlemen;  mentioned  to  the 
(iovemor-General  Sir  George  Gipps  the 
^xis4enoe  of  a  gold-field  in  the  Bathurst 
distnct ;  but  was  requested  not  to  make 
the  matter  generally  known,  for  fear  of 
the  serious  consequences  which,  considering 
the  condition  and  population  of  the  Colony, 
were  to  be  apprehended,  by  the  fact  being 
likeiy  to  arouse  the  cupidity  of  the  prisoners 
himI  labourers.  He  subsequently  published 
a  >xK>k — ^though  without  mentioning  in  it 
(in  fulfilment  of  his  promise)  his  actual 
«lLseovery  of  gold  in  the  Bathurst  district 
— •*  A  Physical  description  of  New  South 
Wales  and  Van  Diemen's  Land,"  accom- 
panied by  mi^,  sections,  and  specimens 
of   rocks,  the  examination   of  which  in 


London,  and  subsequent  comparison  Math 
analogous  evidence  from  the  Ural  Moun- 
tains, led  to  the  scientific  conclusion  that 
gold  existed,  and  prob&bly  abounded,  in 
ceiiain  districts  of  Australia.  He,  after- 
wards, returned  ta  Europe  in  1846,  and 
died  in  London,  1878. 

STUART,  ALEXANDta,  M.L.A.,  bom 
in  Edinburgh,  in  1825;  educated  at  the 
Edinburgh  Academy,  and  afteni^'ards  at  the 
Edinburgh  University.  In  early  life  he 
entered  into  mercantile  ^iursuits  in  Leith, 
Glasgow,  and  London.  He  then  went  to 
India.  In  1851  he  came  to  Sydney,  and 
entered  the  Bank  of  New  South  Wales 
as  assistant  secretary.  In  1855  he  resigned 
his  post  in  the  Bank,  in  order  to  join 
in  business  the  late  Ca^'tain  Towns  of  the 
firm  of  Towns  and  Co.  He  paid  a  visit  to 
England  in  1862-3.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  for  East  Sydney.  In  1876  he 
accepted  ofiice  as  Colonial  Treasurer  of 
N.  S.  W.,  and  retired  with  his  pai-ty  in 
1877.  In  1878,  Mr.  Stuart  again  paid  a 
visit  to  England,  whence  he  i-eturned, 
February,  1879.  He  is  a  fair  debater,  and 
one  of  the  ablest  financiers  in  Australia. 

STUART,  C.  W.,  born  in  St  Maryle- 
bone,  London,  1812,  was  educated  three 
years  at  Merchant  Tailors'  School,  and 
subsequently  for  three  years  at  a  private 
school  at  Vauxhall ;  was  intended  for  the 
army,  but  in  consequence  of  the  difficulty 
in  obtaining  a  commission,  withdrew  his 
funds  from  the  army  agents,  and  in  1832 
left  London  by  the  ship  "Atwick,"  Cap- 
tain Hugh  Mackay,  for  Hobart  Town  and 
Sydney.  Arrived  in  Sydney  early  in  1833  ; 
joined  his  relative, '  C£qjtain  W.  Caswell, , 
RN.,  in  a  cattle  station  at  Port  St^hens. 
Early  in  1836  received  from  London  pre- 
liminary land  order  in  South  Australia. 
Left  Sydney  October,  1836,  per  "True- 
love,"  Captain  Col  ton,  bound  for  Swan 
River  j  landed  at  Kangaroo  Island,  Novem- 
ber 13,  1836  ;  accepted  appointment  from 
S.  A.  Co.  for  two  years  as  manager  of 
cattle  and  horses.  In  1850  was  appointed 
Insi)ector  of  the  Adelaide  Metropolitan 
Police;  1852  promoted  to  be  Senior  Inspec- 
tor of  Mounted  Police  and  Gold  Escort; 
and  was  in  1853  appointed  by  His  Excel- 
lency Sir  H.  E.  F.  Young,  Commissioner  of 
Police,  and  Police  Magistrate  for  the  colony. 


196 


STUART— SFMMEBS. 


STUART,  John  M'Douall,  South  , 
Australian  explorer,  arrived  in  the  colony 
about  the  year  1839.  He  aocompanied 
Captain  Sturt's  expedition  to  the  northern 
parts  .of  the  colony  in  the  year  1844  as 
draughtsman,  and  in  L859  commenced  a 
series  of  explorations  in  the  far  north, 
eventually  leading  to  his  being  placed  at 
the  head  of  a  strong  party,  which  succeeded 
in  crossing  the  continent  and  reaching  the 
shores  of  the  Indian  Ocean  at  Port  Dar- 
win. On  April  22,  1860,  he  reached  the 
centre  of  the  continent,  but  had  to  return; 
finally  reached  the  northern  shores  of  the 
continent  July  24,  1862.  Stuart's  dis- 
coveries led  to  the  Northern  Territory 
being  granted  to  South  Australia  by  the 
Home  Goverimient,  so  that  the  colonv  now 
stretches  completely  across  the  vast  island 
continent  from  the  Southern  to  the  Indian 
Ocean.  The  overland  telegraph  line  is  at 
present  one  of  the  most  important  results 
of  Stuart's  exploratioiLs,  though  they  have 
also  led  to  the  settlement  of  thousands  of 
square  miles  of  country  in  the  interior 
which  was  not  previously  known  to  be 
adapted  for  grazing  purposes.  Mr.  Stuart 
was  rewarded  by  the  Government  for 
his  grand  discoveries,  both  by  a  grant 
of  1,000  square  miles  of  grazing  country 
in  the  interior,  free  of  rent  for  seven 
years,  and  in  all  £3,000  in  cash.  He 
did  not  live  long  to  enjoy  his  honours 
and  rewards,  but  died  in  England  June 
16,  1869. 

STURT,  Captain  Charles,  the  most 
distinguished  of  all  Australian  discoverers; 
entered  at  an  early  age  the  army  in  the 
39th  regiment  When  his  regiment  landed 
in  Australia  the  nature  of  the  interior 
was  under  discussion.  He  advocated  the 
theory  of  a  central  lake,  to  which  Oxley's 
experience  seemed  to  ix>int.  Choosing, 
therefore,  a  dry  season  for  his  first  expedi- 
tion, in  November,  1828,  he  started  on 
Oxley's  track  down  the  Macquarie  with 
a  friend,  two  soldiers,  and  six  coni-icts. 
Suffering  from  want  of  water  they  at 
length  arrived  on  the  banks  of  the  Dar- 
ling, but  found  the  water  salt  In  1829 
he  started  on  his  next  and  most  famous 
expedition  to  explore  the  course  of  the 
Murrumbidgee.  Finding  the  difficulties 
of  land  travelling  increase  he  formed  a 


depot,  and  with  Mr.  G.  Macleay  and  six 
men  took  to  the  river  in  a  whaleboat,  and, 
passing  the  junction  with  the  Murray  and 
the  Darling,  reached  Lake  Alexandrine. 
The  return  was  more  diffioult.  At  night 
he  heard  the  men,  thinking  him  asleep, 
declare  that  they  could  do  no  more,  and 
must  tell  the  captain  so  to-morrow  ;  but 
when  the  morrow  came  his  voice  and  in- 
fluence made  the  brave  fellows  go  on  with- 
out telling  him  of  their  determination.  In 
1833,  when  he  published  his  book,  he  was 
neai*ly  blind  from  the  hardships  he  had 
gone  through ;  but  after  being  employ^ 
from  1839  as  Surveyor-General  Sn  JSouili 
Australia,  he  started  on  a  third  ex{)edi> 
tion,  this  time  straight  to  the  interior  iu 
September,  1844.  Again  in  a  dry  season 
the  difficulties  were  found  insufferable,  and 
the  country  instead  of  a  lake  was  aii  arid 
desert.  At  length,  after  being  reiieateJly 
baffled,  he  made  the  important  discovery  oi 
Cooper^s  Creek.  The  expedition  returned 
to  Adelaide  after  enduring  great  priva- 
tions, and  Sturt  was  now  blind  ;  he  neviT 
entirely  recovered  his  sight,  and  died  at 
Cheltenham,  in  1869. 

SULLIVAN,  Barry,  was  bom  at  Bir- 
mfeigham  in  1824,  and  first  ap{)^ared  on 
the  stage  at  Cork,  in  1840 ;  was  sevend 
years  at  the  £dinb\irgh  Theatre,  tlien 
under  the  management  of  W.  H.  MuiTay, 
and  in  1851  appeared  in  London,  lu 
1857  he  went  to  the  United  States,  re- 
turning in  1860.  He  came  out  to  the 
colonies  in  1861,  and  played  for  nearly  a 
thousand  nights  in  Melbourne  alone.  He 
also  had  several  engagements  in  Sydney, 
and  returned  to  England  by  way  of 
Queensland  and  India  in  1866.  In  1869-70 
he  was  lessee  of  the  Holbom  Theatre. 
He  is  by  all  competent  critics  considered 
to  be  one  of  the  finest  Shaksperian  actors 
of  the  day. 

SUMMERS,  Charles,  sculptor,  bom  in 
Somersetshire,  18^8,  at  the  Royal  Academy 
took  several  prizes,  including  the  silver 
medal  for  modelling.  In  Victoria  he  lived 
for  many  years,  following  his  profession 
His  most  notable  work  was  the  Burke  and 
Wills  statue  erected  in  CoUins-street,  Mel- 
bourne. In  1 866  he  returned  to  Europe  and 
settled  at  Rome,  where  he  producetl  a  large 
number  of  works.   Shortly  before  his  deaUi, 


SUTER— SUTTOR. 


197 


in  1878,  he  completed  four  sitting  statues  of 
Her  Majesty,  Ae  Princess  of  Wales,  the 
Prince  Consort,  and  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
the  gift  of  Mr.  W.  J.  Clarke  to  Victoria ; 
and,  had  he  lived,  it  was  his  intention  to 
return  to  Melbourne  to  superintend  the 
Ktdng  of  them  up  in  the  gallery  of  the 
Public  Library  in  that  city. 

SUTER,  Right  Rev.  Andrew  Burn, 
D.D.,  bom  November  30,  1830,  educated 
at  Ht  Paul's  school,  London,  and  at  Cam- 
bridge, was  Curate  of  St.  Dunstan's  in  the 
West,  London-,  in  1856,  Incumbent  of  All 
Saints',  Spitalfields,  in  1860,  and  was  con- 
secrated Bishop  of  Nelson,  New  Zealand, 
Angust  24,  1866.  Dr.  Suter,  who  was 
for  some  time  Secretaiy  to  the  Church  of 
England  Young  Men's  Society,  has  pub- 
lished several  sermons  and  lectures. 

SUTHERLAND,  Hon.  John,  M.L.A., 
born  at  Hemfrigs,  near  Wick,  county  Caith- 
ness, February  16,  1816  ;  arrived  in  New 
South  Wales  in  1838,  and  from  that  time 
carriwl  on  for  many  years  the  business  of 
a  builder,  with  credit  and  success.  In 
April,  1857,  on  the  restoration  of  the 
City  Council  after  the  period  of  the  Com- 
missioners, he  was  first  elected  Alderman 
of  the  City  of  Sydney,  and  up  to  a  recent 
dat€  held  that  office  continuously,  with  the 
exception  of  the  time  that  he  was  a  Minis- 
ter of  the  Crown,  having  been  ye-elected 
whenever  he  offered  himself  as  a  candidate 
for  the  suflVages  of  the  electors.  In  1861 
he  was  made  Mayor  of  Sydney.  At  the 
general  election  in  November  and  Decem- 
ber, 1860,  which  turned  on  the  great 
question  of  "  Free  Selection  before  Sur- 
w,"  he  became  a  candidate  for  the  elec- 
torate of  Paddington,  and  was  returned 
hy  that  constituency,  which  he  has  ever 
since  represented-  When  Mr.  (now  Sir) 
•Tohn  Robertson  formed  his  Ministry  in 
Ortober,  1868,  he  offered  Mr.  Sutherland 
the  position  of  Secretary  for  Public 
Works,  and  he  accepted  that  office,  remain- 
ing in  that  Government  nearly  two  years. 
^VTjen  Mr  (now  Sir)  Henry  Parkes  foiined 
his  Administration  in  1872,  he  offered  the 
same  })osition  to  Mr.  Sutherland,  who 
again  became  Secretary  for  Public  Works. 
He  was  api)ointedfor  the  third  time  Minister 
for  the  same  department  in  the  Famell 
Ministry,  1 877-8.  As  a  private  citizen,  as  an 


alderman,  as  Mayor  of  Sydney,  as  Member 
of  Parliament,  and  Minister  of  the  Crown, 
he  has  won  and  retained  the  esteem  of  his 
fellow-couiitrymen  by  his  uprightness  and 
consistency,  his  sound  sense,  and  the 
energetic  discharge  of  his  duties. 

SUTTOR^  Hon.  Francis  Bathurst, 
M.L.A.,  bom  at  Bathurst  in  1839,  was 
educated  at  King's  School,  Parramatta.  He 
has  been  occupied  in  pastoral  pursuits.  He 
was  elected  for  the  city  of  Bathurst  in  1 875 ; 
in  1877  became  Minister  for  Justice  and 
Public  Instruction  in  Mr.  Parke&*s  Ad- 
ministration, retiring  in  the  same  year 
with  the  rest  of  the  Ministry  ;  again  took 
office  in  the  same  department,  in  Sir  Henry 
Parkes's  Government,  on  the  retirement 
of  the  Famell  Ministry,  December,  1878. 

SUTTOR,  William  Henry,  bom  at 
Baulkham  Hills,  in  1806.  In  1833  he 
married  Miss  Charlotte  Augusta  Anne 
Francis,  by  whom  he  had  a  numerous 
family.  In  1843  he  was  elected  to  repre- 
sent Roxburgh,  Wellington,  and  Phillip  in 
the  Legislative  Council.  He  opposed  the 
continuance  of  the  transportation  system. 
In  1854  he  retired  from  the  Council  to 
look  after  his  affairs,  business  being  much 
disturbed  by  the  discovery  of  gold.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislative 
Assembly  for  Bathurst,  and  in  1860  for 
East  Macquarie,  and  afterwards  again 
represented  Bathurst.  He  retired  from 
Parliament  in  1872.  He  died  October  20, 
1877,  at  his  residence,  Alloway  Bank,  near 
Bathurst. 

SUTTOR,  William  Henry,  M.IaA., 
eldest  son  of  the  late  W.  H.  Suttor,  of 
Bathurst,  N.S.W.,  bom  at  Brucedale,  near 
Bathurst,  November  14,  1834  ;  was  edu- 
cated at  the  private  academy  of  Dr. 
WooUs,  at  Parramatta ;  was  returned  to 
Parliament  at  the  general  election  in 
January,  1875,  for  the  district  of  East 
Macquarie,  which  had  been  previously 
represented  for  some  yeare  by  his  father, 
and  also  by  his  uncle  Mr.  J.  B.  Suttor. 
Was  again  elected  in  1877,  and  took  office 
as  Minister  for  Mines  on  the  formation  of 
the  Famell  Administration,  in  December, 
1877,  which  office  he  held  till  the  resigna- 
tion of  that  Ministry,  in  December,  1878  ; 
was  appointed  in  January,  1879,  a  Com- 
missioner of  the  International  Exhibition. 


198 


SWAINSON— TEBBXJTT. 


SWAINSON,  William,  naturalist,  bom 
about  the  close  of  the  last  century  ;  pub- 
lished '^  Zoological  Illustrations,''  in  1820 ; 
followed  by  his  "  Exotic  Concholofi;y,"  in 

1821,  and  by  the  "Naturalist's  Guide,"  in 

1822.  Having  been  a  frequent  contribu- 
tor to  periodical  literatui*e  of  papera  on  his 
favourite  studies,  he  wrote  one  of  the 
volumes  on  Natural  History  which  ap- 
peared in  Lardner's  "Cabinet  Oyclopwdia," 
in  1834.  His  later  works  are  "The 
Natural  History  and  Classification  of 
Quadrupeds" ;  "  The  Natural  History  and 
Classification  of  Birds";  "The  Natural 
Histoty  and  Classification  of  Fishes" ; 
"  Animals  in  Menageries"  ;  "  The  Habits 
and  Instincts  of  Animals"  ;  "  The  Birds  of 
Western  Africa,"  and  "  The  Flycatchers" 
(these  two  in  Sir  W.  Jardine's  "  Natural- 
ist's Library") ;  "  A  Treatise  on  Mala- 
cology"; "Ornithological Drawings" ;  "The 
History  and  Natural  Arrangements  of 
Insects."  Mr.  Swainson  afterwards  settled 
in  New  Zealand. 

TEBBUTT,  John,  F.RAS.,  a  self- 
taught  amateur  astronomer.  His  grand- 
father, John  Tebbutt^  was  one  of  the 
oldest  colonists  of  New  South  Wales,  hav- 
ing emigrated  from  England  in  the  year 
1801,  bringing  with  him  his  wife,  two 
sons,  and  one  daughter,  the  eldest  son, 
Thomas,  being  at  the  time  only  about  nine 
years  of  aga  The  family,  soon  after  their 
arrival  in  the  colony,  settled  in  the  district 
of  Windsor.  After  engaging  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits  for  some  yeai-s  with  but 
little  success,  the  brothers  Tliomas  and 
John  commenced  in  Windsor  a  general 
wholesale  and  retail  business,  which  gra- 
dually increased  in  importance,  and  finally 
proved  very  successful  The  business  was 
closed  about  the  year  1843.  Mr.  Tcbbutt 
was  bom  in  Windsor,  May  25,  1834, 
and  when  very  young  attended  the  Church 
of  England  parish  school,  then  under  the 
management  of  Mr.  Edward  Quaife. 
Thence  he  was  transferred  to  a  large  pri- 
vate school  ably  conducted  by  the  Rev. 
Mathew  Adam,  Presbyterian  minister  of 
Windsor;  and  he  subsequently  studied 
under  the  Rev.  H.  T.  Stiles,  M.A.  He, 
however,  left  school  at  the  early  age  of 
fifteen,  and  at  once  commenced  a  system 
of  careful  self-training.     Jn  his  boyhood 


he  had  displayed  a  considerable  taste  for 
mechanics,  and  made  numerous  wooden 
clocks  and  models  of  boats  and  steam- 
engines.  The  father,  after  retiring  from 
mercantile  affairs,  engaged  in  agncultural 
pursuits  on  the  estate  near  Windsor  known 
as  the  Peninsula,  purchased  bv  him,  an<l 
now  forming  the  site  of  the  observHtonr 
afterwards  erected  by  his  son.  Fnder 
these  circumstances  considerable  scoj)e  was 
afforded  the  young  mechanic  for  the  dis- 
play of  his  abilities  in  the  construction  of 
various  useful  machines  for  agricultural 
purposes.  In  his  frequent  intercourse, 
commenced  in  1853,  with  his  old  friend 
and  tutor  Mr.  Quaife,  who  had  some 
knowledge  of  the  outlines  of  astronomy, 
their  conversation  often  turned  upon  the 
subject  of  the  heavenly  bodies.  A  corre- 
spondence was  commenced  between  them, 
and  it  was  by  this  happy  intercourse  and 
the  perusal  of  the  communications  of  Mr. 
Hind  in  the  Illustrated  London  Neios  and 
other  papers  on  the  subject  of  comets, 
that  Mr.  Tebbutt's  attention  was  strongly 
directed  to  the  study  of  astronomy.  He 
was  seized  with  an  intense  desire  to  do  in 
some  degree  in  the  southern  hemisphere 
what  Mr.  Hind  was  so  ably  doing  in  the 
northern.  ELnowing  that  mathematics 
was  the  basis  of  any  creditable  knowledge 
of  astronomy,  he  entered  on  a  regular 
course  of  study  in  algebra  and  geometry. 
His  interest  in  the  course  increased  as  he 
took  up  successively  analytical  trigono- 
metry, co-ordinate  geometry,  and  the 
differential  and  integral  calculus,  and 
applied  the  principles,  when  mastered,  to 
the  solution  of  some  of  the  imjwrtant  pro- 
blems in  astronomy.  In  his  early  studies 
he  was  much  indebted  for  help  to  those 
admirable  works,  Delambre's  "  Astroiiomie 
Theologique  et  Pratique,"  "  Theoretische 
und  Praktische  Astronomie,"  by  Littrow, 
and  Giber's  "Abhandlung  ilber  die  Ko 
meten-Bahnen."  His  instrumental  appli- 
ances for  some  years  were  of  a  very  imper- 
fect character,  consisting  chiefly  of  a  very 
small  telescope,  a  sextant^  and  a  common 
eight-day  clock.  Lettere  on  astronomical 
subjects  were  occasionally  published  by 
him  in  ihe  Sydney  Morning  Hercdd  between 
the  years  1853  and  1857,  and  his  interest 
in  astronomy  was  greatly  promoted  by  the 


TEBBUTT. 


199 


establishment  in  1858  of  the  Sydney  Ob- 
seiratory  under  the  snperintendence  of 
the  Rev.  W.  Scott,  M.iL,  in  whom  he 
foand  a  valuable  friend.  The  first  appli- 
cation of  Mr.  Tebbutt's  mathematical 
knowledge  to  cometary  calculations  was  on 
the  occasion  of  the  appearance  of  the  mag- 
iiificc^nt  comet  of  Donati  in  1858.  He  ob- 
served this  body  with  a  sextant,  and  from 
the  resulting  places  computed  the  elements 
of  its  orbit ;  he  did  the  same  for  the  third 
comet  of  1860.  The  results  of  these  ob- 
servations and  calculations  appeared  in  the 
Sydne»/  Morning  Herald,  and  were  highly 
commended  at  the  time  by  Mr.  Scott. 
In  the  year  1861  an  event  occurred  which 
afforded  a  fresh  stimulus  in  his  astronom- 
ical career.  On  May  13th  he  discovered  a 
faint  comet  in  the  constellation  Eridanus, 
which  a  few  weeks  subsequently  became 
one  of  the  grandest  comets  on  record.  By 
means  of  his  small  telescope  and  a  sextant 
he  carefully  noted  the  apparent  positions 
of  this  body,  and  at  length  computed  and 
published  the  elements  of  its  path  in  space. 
HLs  predictions  in  the  Herald  and  Empire 
d  its  movements,  more  particularly  of  the 
nearapproach  of  its  tail  to  the  earth  for  June 
29th,  prodiiced  considerable  excitement, 
and  gave  rise  to  a  leader  in  the  latter 
paper,  June  22nd.  Mr.  Tebbutt,  wa.s,  how- 
ever, assailed  by  several  anonymous  writers 
who  denounced  the  calculations  as  a  mere 
mass  of  blunders  and  exaggerations,  but 
without  giving  at  the  same  time  any  cal- 
cuktions  of  their  own.  Confident,  how- 
ever, in  the  mathematical  certainty  of  his 
predictions  he  awaited  the  confirmation  of 
the  Government  Astronomer  and  Mr.  H. 
S.  Hawkins  of  Goulbum,  the  only  other  re- 
cognised authorities  at  the  time  in  the 
colony  on  important  astronomical  ques- 
tions. The  vindication  of  the  correctness 
of  Mr.  Tebbutt's  calcidations  came  in  due 
time  not  only  from  these  astronomers  but 
also  from  Europe,  where  the  comet  was 
subsequently  seen  in  all  its  splendour. 
Previously  to  1862,  Mr.  Tebbutt's  con- 
tributions to  the  colonial  newspapers  were 
numerous,  but  he  had  not  yet  ventured  to 
communicate  with  the  scientific  journals 
of  Europe.  His  first  attempt  to  bring  his 
work  before  European  astronomers  was  on 
the  occasion  of  the  appearance  of  a  large 


comet  in  August  and  September,  1862. 
Observations  of  this  body  with  a  telescope 
of  3  J  inches  aperture  and  the  deduced  ele- 
ments were  forwarded  to  the  Royal  As- 
tronomical Society  and  to  Professor  Peters 
of  Altona.  These  were  published  in  the 
Royal  Astronom.  Society's  Notices  and  the 
"Astronoraischc  Nachrichten,"  a  periodical 
devoted  almost  wholly  to  the  contributions 
of  professional  astronomers.  In  the  year 
1864,  Mr.  Tebbutt  again  exercised  his 
mechanical  talents  in  the  construction  of  a 
small  observatcH-y,  all  his  previous  work 
having  been  done  either  in  the  open  air 
or  under  temporary  shelter.  In  this 
building  he  mounted  a  small  transit  in- 
strument and  a  telescope  of  3;^  inches 
aperture,  as  an  equatorial.  With  the  lat- 
ter instrument  he  observed  the  large  comet 
II,  1864,  and  I,  1865.  He  computed 
their  orbits,  and  t)he  results  were  soon 
afterwards  published  by  the  Royal  Astro^ 
nomical  Society  and  Professor  Peters. 
From  this  time  numerous  contributions  on 
various  astronomical  *  subjects  proceeded 
from  the  small  observatory  at  Windsor, 
and  were  published  by  the  authorities  just 
mentioned.  Some  of  these  contributions 
have  already  been  discussed  by  eminent 
astronomers  in  Europe  and  America.  The 
elements  of  the  great  comet  of  1865  cal- 
culated by  Mr.  Tebbutt  are  adopted  as  the 
most  accurate  yet  obtained,  and  are  in 
consequence  transferred  from  the  astron- 
omical authorities  to  the  tables  in  recent 
popular  works  on  the  science.  A  fine  series 
of  observations  of  eclipses  of  Jupiter's 
satellites,  commenced  at  a  time  when  these 
bodies  were  generally  neglected,  have  been 
published  by  him  and  especially  commended. 
A  companson  of  the  magnitude  of  the  well 
known  southern  variable  star  Eta  A  njua  was 
one  of  the  earliest  attelnpts  at  astronomical 
observation  made  by  Mr.  Tebbutt,  and 
the  deptirtment  of  observation  thus  begun 
has  been  carried  on  over  a  period  of  twenty- 
five  years.  It  appears  from  the  last 
edition  of  Chambers's  admirable  work  on 
Descriptive  Astronoiiiy  that  our  knowledge 
of  the  wonderful  changes  in  the  light  of 
this  star  depends  chiefly  on  the  observa- 
tions at  Windsor  and  those  made  by 
Mr.  Powell,  of  Madras.  Encke's  well- 
known  periodical  comet  has  been  observed 


200 


THAKOMBAU. 


at  Windsor  during  four  of  its  visitations. 
Mr.  Tebbutt's  labours  in  astronomy  have 
brought  hiffi  into  correspondence  with  some 
of  the  eminent  scientific  men  of  Europe 
and  America,  and  his  name  has  been  placed 
o^  the  distribution  list  of  many  scientific 
institutions.  In  this  way  he  has  acquired  a 
considerable  addition  to  his  astronomical 
library,  without  which  accessory  no  amateur 
can  expect  to  do  much  for  the  science.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Philosophical  (afterwards  the  Royal)  So- 
ciety of  New  South  Wales,  and  contributed 
to  it  several  papers  on  astronomical  and 
meteorological  subjects.  These  are  to  be 
found  in  the  published  "  Transactions  "  of 
the  Society.  The  last  of  these  papers  is 
perhaps  the  most  important  of  the  num- 
ber. It  contains  a  discussion  of  the 
longitude  of  the  Sydney  Observatory,  based 
on  lunar  occultations  observed  at  Windsor, 
and  points  to  the  conclusion  that  a  con- 
siderable positive  correction  is  required  to 
the  previous  determination  of  longitude 
from  moon  culminations.  On  the  resigna- 
tioH  of  the  Rev.  W.  Scott  in  1862,  the 
appointment  of  Grovemment  Astronomer 
was  offered  to  Mr.  Tebbutt,  but  was 
declined  by  him.  In  1867  he  received  the 
Silver  Medal  of  the  Paris  Exhibition 
Commissioners  for  his  paper  on  the 
Progress  and  Present  State  of  Astro- 
nomy in  New  South  Wales.  In  1869  the 
astronomical  work  at  Windsor  was  deemed 
of  sufficient  importance  to  admit  of 
Windsor  being  adopted  iii  the  British 
Nautical  Almanac  as  an  asti^nomical 
station.  It  was  also  placed  in  the  list  of 
the  *  *  Astronomische  Jahrbuch. "  Although 
not  connected  with  the  Royal  Astronomical 
Society,  that  body  continued  to  publish 
Mr.  Tebbutt's  contributions  ;  and,  in  1873, 
they  conferred  upon  him  the  fellowship  of 
the  Society.  He  contributed  his  share  to 
the  data  so  ably  furnished  by  the  Austra- 
lian Colonies  in  1874,  for  the  solution  of 
the  grand  problem  of  the  sun's  mean 
distance  from  the  earth.  In  addition  to 
his  numerous  contributions  on  astronomical 
subjects,  he  is  the  author  of  "  Sixteen 
Years'  Meteorological  Obser^'ations,"  the 
greater  portion  of  which  has  been  pub- 
lished and  distributed  by  him.  These  will 
doubtless    hereafter    be  found  to   afford 


very  reliable  information  as  to  the  me- 
teorology of  Windsor.  Mr.  Tebbutt  still 
continues  his  contributions  to  the  science, 
in  addition  to  the  duties  devolving  on  him 
in  the  management  of  an  extensive  farm. 
A  new  and  more  commodious  observatory 
is  now  in  course  of  erection,  near  the  site  of 
the  old  one,  so  that  Mr.  Tebbutt  will,  with 
these  improvements,  be  in  a  better  position 
to  extend  his  researches  into  his  favourite 
science.  Mr.  Tebbutt  married  in  the  year 
1867,  and  has  now  a  family  of  one  son 
and  six  daughters.  Besides  his  scientific 
labours,  he  has  been  the  author  of  various 
press  contributions  of  a  religious  character. 
THAKOMBAU  (Cakobau),  the  war 
king  of  Mbau,  in  Fiji,  has,  during  his 
eventful  career,  shown  himself  a  man  of 
great  resolution.  In  1832  his  father,  Tanoa, 
was  driven  from  his  throne,  and  most  of 
his  family  were  murdered.  Hcf  plotted  in 
secret  until  his  plans  were  ripe,  when  he 
defeated  his  enemies  and  revenged  himself 
in  the  barbarous  manner  of  his  country. 
He  was  up  to  this  time  known  as  Thiki- 
noru  or  the  Centipede,  but  the  title  was 
then  changed  to  Thakombau  (Evil  to 
Mbau),  Tui  Vita,  and  Vanni  Valu.  He 
then  took  the  management  of  affairs, 
but  had  many  difficulties  to  contend  witL 
At  one  time  he  was  saved  by  the  assist- 
ance of  the  King  of  the  Friendly  Islands; 
at  another  the  A  merican  Government  had 
demanded  a  fine  for  losses  incurred  by 
Americans,  and  he  only  obtained  the 
money  from  the  Polynesian  .Company  for 
200,000  acres  of  land.  After  becoming  a 
Christian  he  always  protected  the  con- 
verts. He  ceded  the  whole  of  the 
Fiji  group  to  Great  Britain  for  a  pen- 
sion, October  2,  1874,  when  the  Islands 
were  formally  taken  possession  of  in  the 
name  of  the  Queen,  by  Sir  Hercules 
Robinson,  who  went  over  from  Sytlney 
for  that  purpose,  in  company  with  the 
Attorney-General,  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir) 
George  Innes.  In  November,  1874,  he 
visited  Sydney,  in  company  with  his  two 
sons,  Timotee  and  Joseph  Celua,  the  latter 
of  whom  had  been  educated  at  Newing- 
ton  College,  near  Sydney.  They  were  the 
guests  of  Sir  Hercules  Hobin^n,  at 
Government  House,  and  their  presence  in 
Sydney  created  considerable  excitement 


THERRY— THOMAS. 


201 


THERRY,  Venerable  Johk  Joseph, 
first  Roman  Catholic  Arch-Priest  of  Syd- 
ney, was  bom  at  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1791, 
vbere  he  was  educated  by  a  private  tutor 
till  he  entered  Carlow  College,  in  the  17th 
year  of  his  age.  During  his  seven  years* 
course  of  studies  there,  he  had  as  teachers 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Doyle,  afterwards  distin- 
guished in  England  as  a  political  writer, 
under  the  signature  "  J.  K.  L.",  and  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Slattery,  some  time  Archbishop 
of  CaaheL  Mr.  Therry.  was  ordained 
priest  in  1815,  and  exercised  his  functions 
for  three  or  four  years  afterwards  in  his 
native  city,  where  he  became  acquainted 
with  Father  Flynn,  who  had  been  removed 
by  the  Grovemment  of  New  South  Wales 
from  ministering  to  the  Roman  Catholic 
prisoners.  Father  Therry,  on  learning  the 
state  of  afiairs  at  the  antipodes,  deter- 
mineil  to  devote  his  life  to  the  service  of 
the  Irish  prisoners  in  Australia,  and 
through  the  kind  intervention  of  friends, 
he  was  enabled  to  leave  Cork  in  January, 
1820,  as  a  recognized  R  C.  Chaplain.  He 
arrived  in  Sydney  in  April,  1821,  where 
he  laboured  for  many  years.  He.  was  the 
foimder  of  St.  Mary*s  Cathedral,  of  the 
Homan  Catholic  Missions  in  Van  Diemen's 
Land  (Tasmania),  Melbourne,  and  South 
Australia.  His  principal  labours  were 
amongst  the  prisoners  ;  and  such  were  the 
good  services  he  rendered  that  several  G  ov- 
emors  thanked  him  for  his  efforts,  and  two 
of  them — ^their  Excellencies  Governors 
Macqoarie  and  Gipps — gave  him  grants  of 
land.  The  venerable  gentleman  died  at 
Balmain,  in  1864. 

THERRY,  Sir  Roger,  Knt.,  was  bom 
April  22,  1800.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
Irish  Bar  in  1824,  and  was  one  of 
O'Connell's  early  friends ;  entered  the  pub- 
lic service  in  1829  ;  was  made  Attorney- 
General  of  New  South  Wales  in  May, 
1841 ;  was  a  Member  of  the  old  Legislative 
Council  for  some  years  ;  resident  Judge  at 
Port  Phillip  in  1845,  and  in  1846  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  and 
Primary  Judge  in  Equity;  retired  from 
the  Bench  in  1859.  He  published  in 
England  "  Reminiscences  of  N.  S.  Wales," 
which  elicited  much  comment.  He  died 
May  17,  1874,  in  England,  and  Lady 
Therry  only  survived  her  husband  ten  days. 


THOM,  Sarah  Clarikda,  daughter  of 
Sir  Henry  Parkes,  bom  at  sea,  July  25, 
1839,  on  the  passage  from  England,  two 
'  days  before  landing  in  Sydney.  Miss 
Parkes  made  some  well  known  translations 
from  the  French,  published  a  volume  of 
poems,  many  of  these  bearing  evidence  of 
power  and  simplicity  ;  she  also  wrote  a 
number  of  tales  and  sketches  for  the 
Sydney  newspapers.  She  was  married  to 
Rev.  Mr.  Thom,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman, 
who  died  in  1876. 

THOMAS,  Right  Rev.  Mesac,  D.D., 
Bishop  of  Goulbum,  bom  at  Typoeth, 
Cardiganshire,  in  1816;  was  educated  at 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  took 
ihe  degree  of  B.A.  in  1840,  and  that  of 
M.A  in  1843.  Some  years  afterwards 
he  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  He  com- 
menced his  career  as  a  clergyman  at  Bir> 
mingham,  wbei*e  he  held  a  curacy ;  was 
shortly  afterwards  appointed  Vicar  of 
Tuddeuham  in  Suffolk,  where  he  remained 
from  1843  to  1845  ;  became  incumbent  of 
Attleborough  in  Warwickshire,  labouring 
there  from  1845  to  1851.  In  the  fulfilment 
of  parochial  duties  he  displayed  a  combina- 
tion of  zeal,  perseverance,  and  ability 
which  evidently  marked  him  out  as  fitted 
for  more  extensive  undertakings.  In  1851 
he  became  secretary  to  the  Colonial  and 
Continental  Church  Society,  and  held  this 
office  until  he  was  appointed  the  first 
Bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Goulburn,  in  1863. 
During  the  years  of  his  sojourn  in  London 
as  secretary  of  this  Society,  Dr.  Thomas 
organized  missions  for  the  spiritual  benefit 
of  cabmen,  omnibus-drivers,  and  other 
classes  who  are  from  the  nature  of  their 
occupation  and  their  general  habits  to  a 
great  extent  excluded  from  the  ordinary 
means  of  grace.  The  diocese  in  N.  S. 
Wales,  committed  to  the  episcopal  charge 
of  Dr.  Thomas,  extends  from  the  34th 
parallel  of  south  latitude  to  the  border  of 
V  ictoria,  and  comprehends  a  very  widely- 
scattered  population,  with  some  important 
centres  of  enterprise.  And  in  the  exer- 
cise of  sagacious  and  considerate  activity 
and  generous  kindness  which  mai'ked  his 
previous  career,  he  has  won  for  himself 
gi'eat  influence  in  the  community.  As  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Bishops,  in  the 
Provincial  Synod  in  the  General  Conference, 


203 


THOMAS— THOMSON. 


and  in  the  General  Synod,  Dr.  Thomas 
has  ^en  a  decidedly  conservative  stand. 
Anything  that  bears,  to  his  mind,  the  sem- 
blance of  a  departure  from  the  name  and  the 
principles  of  the  Ohnrch  of  England  meets 
with  his  determined  opposition.  He  paid 
two  visits  to  England,  and  on  each  occasion 
obtained  substantial  assistance  fer  the  Aus* 
tralian  ChurcL  He  is  the  greater  part  of 
his  time  travelling  from  parish  to  parijsh 
through  his  extensive  diocese. 

THOMAS,  Robert,  bom  in  Wales, 
November,  1781,  but  settled  in  London 
on  coming  of  age,  and  was  in  business  for 
20  years  in  Fleet-street  as  a  law  stationer. 
Took  warm  interest  in  the  colonisation  of 
South  Australia,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
to  invest  in  the  purchase  of  land  in  the 
proposed  colony.  Came  to  South  Australia, 
arriving  in  the  "  Africaine  "  in  November, 
1839,  aooompanied  by  his  wife  and  all  his 
family,  except  his  eldest  son  Robert  (now 
Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Health  in  Ade- 
laide), who  had  preceded  him  in  the 
**  Cygnet,"  as  one  of  the  Survey  Staff  under 
Colonel  Light.  Mr.  Thomas  had  decided 
upon  starting  a  new  paper,  and  the  first 
niunber  of  the  South  Australian  Gazette  and 
Colmiial  Jiegister  was  printed  in  London 
in  1836.  The  second  number  was  printed 
in  Adelaide,  June  3,  1837,  the  late  Mr. 
George  Stevenson  being  engaged  in  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Thomas  in  the  enterprise. 
Mr.  Thomas  ceased  his  connection  with 
the  proprietary  some  years  later,  and  died 
July  1,  1860,  aged  78  years. 

THOMAS,  William  Kyfpin,  was  bom 
in  London  November  4,  1821.  He  was 
educated  at  a  grammar  school  in  Rick- 
mansworth,  and  came  out  with  his  father 
to  South  Australia  Except  for  a  short 
period  (in  1842)  when  he  was  engaged 
iif  agriculture,  and  in  1852,  when  he  was 
for  some  months  at  the  Victorian  diggings, 
he  always  identified  himself  with  the 
JSaut/i  Australia/n  Gazette  a/nd  Colonial 
RegieteTy  established  by  his  father,  and  to 
the  sole  proprietorship  of  which  journal  he 
succeeded  shortly  before  his  death.  He 
joined  the  vohmteers  in  1860,  and  was  a 
supporter  of  the  Mission  to  the  Aboriginals, 
the  Bushman's  Club,  and  other  similar 
societies.  In  1875,  he  took  up  his  residence 
in  Glenelg,  dying  there  July  4,  1878. 


THOMPSON,  Hon.  James  Malbon, 
ML. A.,  grandson  of  Charles  Windoyer, 
Esq.,  bom  in  Sydney  December  24, 
1830  ;  was  educated  at  Mr.  W.  T  Cape's 
Grammar  School ;  admitted  an  attorney 
and  solicitor  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Sydney, 
1855  ;  commenced  practice  in  Ipswich. 
Queensland,  1857 ;  entered  Queensland  Par- 
liament as  Member  for  the  town  of  Ipswich 
in  1868  ;  has  ever  since  sat  for  the  same 
constituency  almost  without  interruption; 
has  filled  various  offices  in  Parliament; 
was  Chairman  of  Committees  for  two 
years ;  accepted  portfolio  as  Minister  for 
Lands  in  the  Palmer  ministry  of  1870, 
and,  in  July,  1873,  was  transferred  to  the 
political  control  of  the  Works  department 
till  the  resignation  of  the  ministry  in 
1874;  in  January,  1879,  again  accepted 
office  in  the  M'llwraith-Palmer  ministry 
as  Minister  for  Justice,  which  position  he 
now  holds. 

THOMSON,  Alexander  Morrison, 
was  bom  in  London  in  1841.  In  1853 
he  was  sent  to  tlie  University  of  Aberdeen, 
where  he  showed  his  aptitude  for  Physical 
Science.  In  1858  he  returned  to  England, 
and  in  1860  won  the  prize  for  Natural 
Philosophy  at  Kings  College.  In  1862 
he  took  his  degree  of  B.  A  ;  in  1867  ob- 
tained the  highest  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Scienca  He  arrived  in  Sydney  in  1866, 
as  Reader  in  Mineralogy  and  Geology  in 
the  University  ;  he  also  lectured  in  Prac> 
tical  Chemistry,  and  assisted  in  the 
Laboratory.     He  died  in  1871. 

THOMSON,  Rev.  Adam,  bom  at  Cold- 
stream, Berwickshire,  in  1813.  He  was 
ordained  minister  in  the  Scotch  Church  in 
1833  and  was  minister  at  Hawick-Box- 
burgh  till  1860,  when  he  was  advised  to 
seek  a  milder  climate,  and  in  1861  came  to 
Sydney  for  the  benefit  of  his  health ;  in 
1865  was  chosen  Moderator  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  New  South  Wales, 
and,  on  March  21,  1873,  the  first  Princi- 
pal of  St.  Andrew's  College.  He  died 
November  8,  1874,  leaving  a  widow  and 
six  children. 

THOMSON,  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Deas-, 
C.B.,  K.C.M.a,  M.L.C.,  was  bom  at 
Edinburgh,  June  1,  1800 ;  was  educated 
at  the  High  School  and  afterwards  at 
Harrow;  completed  his  studies  at  Caen 


THORN* 


203 


in  Normandj.  On  his  return  to  Eng- 
land he  was  for  some  time  engaged 
in  acqnirinir  a  knowledi!e  of  mercan- 
tile  b^4  «nd  assist^  Us  father 
(who  wa&  Acconntant-General  of  the  Nary) 
in  introducing  the  system  of  double  entry 
into  the  accoiintu;  In  1826  he  went  to 
the  United  States  of  America  for  the 
settlement  of  some  business  connected  with 
the  property  of  his  deceased  mother,  and 
returned  to  England  in  1827.  His  obser- 
tations  coming  before  Mr.  Huskisson 
attracted  so  much  attention  that  he  was 
appointed  Registrar  of  the  Orphan  Chani- 
hers  at  Demarara,  but  the  situation  of 
Clerk  of  the  Council  in  New  South  Wales 
haying  become  vacant  he  applied  for 
and  obtained  an  exchange,  and  arrived 
in  Sydney,  December  24,  1828.  In 
1833  he  married  Anna  Maria,  second 
daughter  of  General  Sir  Richard  Bourke, 
then  Governor  of  the  colony.  In  1837 
he  was  appointed  Colonial  Secretary  and 
Begistrar  of  Records  and  a  Member  of  the 
Executive  and  Legislative  Councils.  From 
1843  he  represented  the  Government  in  the 
Legislative  Council  until  1854,  when  he 
was  compelled  to  obtain  leav^e  of  absence 
for  two  years  on  account  of  ill  health. 
On  May  20,  1853,  a  select  Com- 
mittee of  the  Legislative  Council  was 
appointed  to  prepare  a  Constitution  Bill ; 
and  this  having  been  passed  shortly  before 
his  departure  for  England,  he  was 
appointed  conjointiy  with  Mr.  Wentworth 
to  watch  its  progress  through  the  British 
Parliament.  He  was  also  appointed  one 
of  the  Commissioners  for  the  colony  at  the 
Paris  Exhibition  of  1 855 .  A  service  of  plate 
was  presented  to  him  in  appreciation  of 
his  public  services,  afid  the  sum  of  £1,000, 
Bubficribed  in  excess,  was  by  him  devoted 
to  the  establishment  of  a  scholarship  in  the 
University  for  the  encouragement  of  physi- 
cal science.  A  portrait  of  Mr.  Thomson 
was  executed  by  Signor  Capalti,  of  Rome, 
and  has  been  placed  in  the  Great  Hall  of 
^e  University,  and  a  bust  by  Fantachiotti, 
which  stands  in  the  Library.  In  1856  he 
retired  from  the  Public  Service  on  the  full 
pension  acquired  by  twenty-eight  years' 
service.  At  the  election  of  1856  he  was 
asked  to  allow  himself  to  be  nominated  for 
Sydney,    but    the    state    of    his    health 


compelled  him  to  decline.  He  represented 
the  Government  in  the  Upper  House  as 
President  of  the  Council.  In  1851  he  was 
appointed  a  fellow  of  the  Senate ;  in  1862 
he  was  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University, 
and  in  1865  Chancellor,  which  position  in 
1878  his  increasing  age  induced  him  to 
resign.  In  1878  he  was  made  a  K.C.M.G. 
THORN,  Hon.  George,  M.LA.,  for- 
merly Premier  of  Queensland,  is  a  native 
of  Sydney.  His  father,  Mr.  George 
Thorn,  who  died  in  1876,  was  the  oldest 
inhabitant  and  the  founder  of  the 
town  of  Ipswich,  Queensland.  He  had 
been  for  many  years  in  the  army, 
and  was  much  esteemed  by  Sir  George 
Gipps.  The  late  Premier  of  Queeng- 
land  was  bom  at  the  end  of  1838. 
After  attending  a  private  school,  he  was 
sent  to  King's  School,  Parramatta,  where 
he  received  the  chief  part  of  his  education. 
From  King's  School  he  went  to  the  Sydney 
University,  where  he  graduated  B.A. 
in  1858.  Mr.  Thorn  followed  pastoral 
pursuits  for  the  following  nine  years.  His 
first  appearance  in  public  life  was  at  the 
general  election  in  Queensland  in  1867, 
when  he  was  returned  as  one  of  the  Mem- 
bers for  West  Moreton  He  continued  to 
represent  that  constituency  in  the  next 
two  Parliaments,  being  returned  in  two 
general  elections  at  the  head  of  the  poll. 
At  the  general  election  of  1873,  when  the 
whole  colony  was  split  into  single  Elector- 
ates, he  stood  for  Fassif em,  which  included 
part  of  the  old  Electorate  of  West  Moreton, 
and  was  returned  by  a  majority  of  nearly 
five  to  one  over  his  opixjnent.  A  new 
Ministry  having  been  formed  by  Mr. 
Macalister  shortly  after  the  meeting  of 
Parliament,  Mr.  George  Thorn  accepted 
the  portfolio  of  Postmaster-Greneral  and  a 
seat  in  the  Legislative  Council  as  Repre- 
sentative of  the  Government  in  that 
Chamber.  He  entered  on  his  duties 
January  8,  1874.  Since  his  first  accession 
to  oflSce  in  January,  1874,  Mr.  Thorn  did 
good  service  in  the  work  of  postal  and  tele- 
graphic communication,  pushing  on  and 
establishing  lines  and  stations  in  Queens- 
land. Mr.  Thorn  has  shown  great  zeal  on  all 
occasions  to  further  the  progress  of  that 
colony ;  and  has  not  failed  to  give  publicity 
to  its  greatness  in  every  mode  that  lay 


204 


THORNTON— THORNTON. 


in  his  power.  In  October,  1874,  he 
visited  Sydney  and  attended  a  conference 
for  the  laying  of  cables  to  connect  New 
Zealand  with  New  South  Wales,  and  ex- 
tending the  communication  to  Singapore 
and  Europe  vid  Normanton.  In  1876  he 
became  Premier  and  Minister  for  Works ; 
i^esigned  in  1877,  visited  Europe  1878, 
returned  1879,  was  elected  member  of 
Queensland  Legislative  Assembly  for 
Dalby  in  April,  1879. 

THORNTON,  Hon.  George,  M,L.C., 
bom  in  Macquarie-street,  Sydney,  Decem- 
ber 23,  1819  ;  was  educated  at  St  Philip  s 
Primary  School  (private  class),  at  the  late 
Mr.  W.  T.  Cape's,  King-street,  and  at  the 
Australian  College,  Jamison-streot.  For 
several  years  he  followed  the  occupation  of 
a  Custom-house  and  ship  agent,  but  for  the 
last  few  years  of  his  business  cai-eer  was  an 
import  merchant.  He  has,  however,  for  some 
time  withdrawn  from  all  business  pursuits. 
Was  for  some  years  an  Alderman,  and 
twice  Mayor  of  tHe  City  of  Sydney  (in 
commemoration  of  which  election  the 
obelisk  in  Hyde  Pai'k,  facing  Bathurst- 
street,  was  erected) ;  was  elected  Member 
for  Sydney  in  1858  by  the  largest  majority 
ever  recoixled  in  this  colony  ;  was  at  one 
time  also  Member  for  the  Western  Gold- 
fields.  Mr.  Thornton  has  visited  England 
several  times ;  and,  on  one  of  these  voyages, 
whilst  returning  to  the  colony,  lie  was 
wrecked  on  "  Las  Rocas,"  off  Peniambuco, 
in  the  ship  "  Duncan  Dunbar.''  He  owns 
considerable  property  in  the  city.  He  was 
the  first  Mayor  of  Woollahra  under  the 
Municipalities  Act.  In  1 8  7  7  Mr.  Thornton 
was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the  Upi)er 
House  of  Parliament,  in  the  duties  of 
which  he  appeara  to  take  an  active  jmrt 
He  has  been  a  Magistrate  of  the  city  of 
Sydney  for  about  twenty -five  yeai*s ;  and 
when  in  England,  he  on  one  occasion 
managed  the  agency  of  tlie  New  South 
Wales  Government  for  uj^wai-ds  of  a  year, 
for  which  he  received  the  thanks  of  the 
Ministry.  Was  a])pointed  by  the  Robert- 
son Ministry  Executive  Commissioner  to 
the  Philadelphia  Exhibition,  which  office 
he  was  compelled  to  decline  m  consequence 
of  his  niuneroas  engagements.  He  is  a 
Commissioner  for  the  New  South  Wales 
International  Exhibition  for  1879. 


THORNTON,  Right  Rev.  Samuel, 
D.D.,  Bishop  of  Ballarat,  Victoria, 
bom  April  18,  1835,  is  the  third  son  of 
the  late  Thomas  Thornton,  Esq.,  F.RAS., 
a  gentleman  of  literary  pursuits,  and  for 
many  years  connected  with  the  London 
Times,  Educated  at  -Merchant  Tailors' 
School,  he  obtained,  at  sixteen,  an  open 
exhibition  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford, 
and  graduated  there  at  twenty,  having 
gained  a  first  class  in  Moderations,  and 
a  double  second  in  classics  and  natural 
science.  Pi-oceeding  to  a  fellowship,  lie 
was  ordained  by  Bishop  Wilberforce  in 
1858,  and  commenced  duty  in  East 
London,  where  he  was  soon  appointed 
Diocesan  Clerical  Missionary  by  Bishop 
Tait  In  this  office  he  preached  in  the 
open  ail*  and  amongst  the  masses  of  the 
people,  and  was  twice  arrested  by  the 
police  on  the  unfounded  charge  of  obstruct- 
ing thoroughfares.  At  the  end  of  1859 
he  was  appointed  Incumbent  of  St  Jude's, 
Whitechapel,  in  succession  to  the  well- 
known  Hugh  Allen,  of  St  George's-in-the- 
East  notoriety.  His  evangelistic  labours 
amongst  the  criminal  and  poverty-stricken 
classes  recommended  Mr.  Thornton  to  the 
notice  of  the  Trustees  of  St  George's,  Bir- 
mingham, a  leading  parish,  with  a  popula- 
tion of  16,000  souls.  He  accepted  the 
rectory  in  1864,  and  laboured  in  this 
sphere  until  1875  ;  was  selected  for  the 
new  Bisliopric  of  Ballarat  by  the  Bishop 
of  Melbourne,  and  the  Chief  Justice 
of  Victoria,  then  in.  England,  in  con- 
sultation with  the  two  Archbishops, 
and  was  consecrated  by  Boyal  Mandate 
at  Westminster  Abbey,  on  St.  Philip 
and  St.  James's  Day,  May  1,  1875 ;  the 
new  diocese  of  Ballarat  thereby  coming 
into  existence.  It  includes  the  western 
half  of  Victoria,  and  contains  some 
150,000  souls  and  forty-five  parishes, 
with  three  archdeacons  and  forty-two 
other  clergy,  besides  eleven  probationary 
clergy  at  work.  The  Bishop  married  in 
1866,  and  has  one  son.  He  belongs  to  no 
religious  party,  possessing  broad  and  non- 
exclusive sympathies,  but  inclines  doc- 
trinally  to  evangelical  views,  yet  without 
sectarianism  or  bitterness.  He  has  from 
time  to  time  been  a  contributor  to 
periodical  literature. 


TODD—TORRENS. 


205 


TODP  Charles,  C.M.G.,  Postmaster- 
General,  and  Superintendent  of  Telegraphs, 
Astronomer  and  Observer,  Adelaide,  Soutli 
Australia,  bom  in  London  in  1826,  where 
he  was  educated  at  a  private  school.  On 
leaving  school  be  was  engaged  as  an 
asistant  and  calculator  at  Greenwich 
Observatory,  at  the  same  time  continuing 
his  studies  under  some  of  the  Professor's 
of  Cambridge  University.  In  1848  he 
was  ^pointed  Assistant  Astronomer  at 
Cambridge  Observatory,  which  position  he 
held  imtH  1854,  when  he  took  charge  of 
the  Galvanic  department  of  the  Royal 
Observatory,  Greenwich,  and  was  also 
appointed  by  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty 
as  one  of  the  Astronomers.  Li  1855  Lord 
John  Russell,  as  Secretary  of  State  for  the 
Colonies,  appointed  Mr.  Todd  to  the  posi- 
tion he  now  holds  of  Astronomer  and 
Sai)erintendent  of  Telegraphs  for  South 
Australia.  In  1870  the  Govempr  of  the 
colony  amalgamated  the  Telegraph  and 
Postal  departments,  and  Mr.  Todd  was 
appointed  Po8tm&<$ter- General.  As  far 
back  as  1859  Mr,  Todd  pointed  out  the 
importance  to  England  of  having  an 
iiuTependent  telegraph  system,  and  when 
the  proposal  was  m&de  to  construct  a  line 
of  telegraph  wire  from  Adelaide  to  Port 
Dannn,  to  be  there  connected  *  with  a 
submarine  cable  between  Java  and  Singa- 
pore, he  entered  heartily  into  the  work,  a 
large  portion  of  w^ich  was  done  under  his 
personal  superintendence.  The  line  which 
connected  the  Australian  (Colonies  with 
the  rest  of  the  world  was  completed 
August  22,  1872,  amidst  great  rejoicings. 
Mr.  Todd  connected  the  wires  in  the  centre 
of  the  continent,  at  Mount  Stuart,  and 
received  a  great  number  of  congratulatory 
messages.  For  this  important  national 
work  he  received  from  Her  Majesty  the 
honour  of  the  Companionship  of  the  Order 
of  Saint  Michael  and  Saint  George  ;  Mr. 
Henry  Ayers,  who  was  at  the  head  of  the 
South  Australian  Government  at  the  time 
the  line  was  completed,  also  received  the 
honour  of  Knighthood,  as  well  as  that  of 
C.M.G.  Mr.  Todd  has  since  planned  the 
overland  line  to  Euda,  1,000  miles  in 
length,  connecting  South  and  Western  Aus- 
tralia, which  was  carried  out  under  cir- 
cumstances  of  peculiar   difficulty,   owing 


to  the  desert  nature  of  a  large  portion 
of  the  countiy.  The  Port  Darwin  line 
is  nearly  1,900  miles  in  length,  and 
the  benefits  which  have  residted  from  it 
to  all  the  Australian  Colonies  are  immense. 
It  has  led  to  the  pastoral  settlement  of 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  square  miles  of 
coimtry,  which  will  eventually  be  of  very 
great  value,  and  will  probably  be  ulti- 
mately occupied  by  a  large  j[x>pulation. 
The  constant  communication  with  Europe 
has  greatly  benefited  the  colonies  in  a 
commercial  point  of  view,  and  the  heavy 
cost  of  the  line,  has  in  this  way,  indirectly, 
been  more  than  repaid.  The  total  length 
of  telegraph  lines  in  operation  in  South 
Australia  at  the  end  of  1878  was  4,217, 
miles,  having  5,686 J  miles  of  wire;  764: 
miles  additional  are  authorised  and  in 
course  of  construction.  Mr.  Todd  has 
contributed  to  the  scientific  world  the  re- 
sults of  some  valuable  astronomical  obser- 
vations, amongst  which  may  be  mentioned, 
those  on  the  Transit  of  Venus  in  1874, 
the  cloudy  haze  over  Jupiter  first  noticecl 
in  1876,  and  othera  during  the  two  follow- 
ing years,  and  the  Parallax  of  Mars  in 
1878.  Mr.  Todd  is  a  member  of  several 
learned  and  scientific  societies,  including 
the  Royal  Astronomical  Society,  and  the 
British  Meteorological  Society. 

TORRENS,  Sir  Robert  Richard, 
K.C.M.G.,  M.P.,  son  of  Colonel  R.  Torrens 
whose  services  in  the  Walcheren  Expedi- 
tion in  1810  are  matters  of  history,  was 
bom  at  Cork,  in  1814;  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  where  he  took  the  degree 
of  M.A.  In  1839  he  married  Barbara, 
daughter  of  AlexancLer  Park,  of  Selkirk, 
North  Britain,  Writer  to  the  Signet  In 
1841  he  was  made  Collector  of  Customs  in 
South  Australia,  with  a  seat  in  the  Legis- 
lative Council,  and  some  time  afterwards. 
Treasurer  and  Registrar-General.  At  the 
first  election  imder  Responsible  Govern- 
ment he  became  Member  for  Adelaide, 
and  devoted  liimself  to  instituting  a  new 
system  for  the  transfer  of  lands,  thence- 
forth popularly  known  as  "The  Torrens 
Act"  The  legal  profession  opposed  his 
measure,  but  it  was  carried  through  the 
Assembly,  but  with  more  difficulty  through 
the  Council,  and  received  the  Governor's 
assent  January  27,  1858.    He  resigned  his 


aoe 


TOWNS^TRENCH 


seat  and  became  the  head  of  the  department 
for  carrying  out  the  measura  The  prin- 
ciple of  the  Act  is  that  all  transfers  are 
ejected  by  registry  without  the  necessity 
of  a  new  deed.  Nearly  all  the  other  Aus- 
tralian colonies  adopted  the  measure.  In 
1863  he  returned  to  England,  and  was  a 
few  years  afterward  elected  a  Member  of 
Parliament  for  the  Borough  of  Cambridge, 
which  he  still  represents. 

TOWNS,  Hon.  Robert,  M.L.C.,  bom 
November  10,  1794,  at  Longhorsely, 
Northumberland ;  educated  at  the  village 
school,  but  having  at  an  early  age  a  great 
desire  to  become  a  sailor,  he  was  placed  on 
boaixi  a  collier  running  between  Shields 
and  London.  WhUst  on  board  he  dili- 
gently  appUed  himself  to  the  work  of 
getting  a  practical  knowledge  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  when  the  vessel  was  in  p(»t 
he  used  to  attend  a  night  school  kept  by 
an  old  mariner,  from  whom  he  learnt 
some  of  the  elements  of  navigation.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  Robert  Towns  was  made 
mate,  and  the  following  year  took  command 
of  the  vessel.  A  few  years  afterwards 
he  was  entrusted  with  the  command 
of  a  brig  trading  in  the  Mediten*anean. 
Captain  Towns  made  sufficient  capital 
whilst  in  this  trade  to  enable  him  to  build 
a  vessel  for  liimself,  which  he  called  "  The 
Brothers."  It  was  at  the  time  (1827)  con- 
sidered the  crack  passenger  ship  to  the 
coloniea  He  continued  for  many  years 
captain  of  her,  and  amongst  other  passen- 
gers whom  he  brought  to  and  fro,  were 
Admiral  King  and  Hon.  S.  Samuel,  also 
Dr.  George  Bennett,  who  attended  Captain 
Towns  in  his  last  illness.  Captain  Towns 
married,  in  1833,  a  sister  of  William 
Charles  Went  worth,  the  Australian  patriot, 
and  nine  years  afterwards  he  retired  from 
a  seafaring  life  and  settled  in  Sydney, 
where  he  established  the  well-known  mer- 
cantile house  which  bears  his  name.  Cap- 
tain Towns  employed  many  vessels  in  the 
*' Island  Trade,"  collecting  sandal  wood, 
cocoa-nut  oil,  &c.  When  his  business  had 
largely  increased  he  took  into  partnei-ship 
Mr.  Alexander  Stuai-t.  In  1851  Captain 
Towns  took  an  active  part  in  re-organising 
the  Bank  of  Now  South  Wales,  increasing 
its  capital  and  otherwise  making  it  suitable 
to  the   growing  demands  of  flie  colony; 


he  was,  from  that  time  till  his  death,  con- 
nected with  the  directory  of  the  hank. 
Captain  Towns  entered  largely  into  pastoral 
pursuits,  and  held  a  number  of  stations  in 
the  north  of  Australia.  Townsville,  an 
important  township  and  electorate  waa 
named  in  his  honour.  He  was  the  first  to 
introduce  the  cotton  cultivation  on  an 
extensive  scale,  for  which  he,  at  an  ex- 
pense of  <£  20,000  formed  a  plantation  ai 
2,000  acres,  and  employed  about  260 
South-Sea  Islanders.  He  was  appointed 
to  the  Legislative  Council  in  1856,  and 
continued  to  take  an  active  part  in  mer- 
cantile marine,  and  all  matters  affecting 
the  shipping  interests,  to  the  end  of  his 
career.  In  his  private  life  he  was  remark- 
able  for  his  generosity  and  kindness: 
during  the  Crimean  War  he  contributed 
largely  to  the  '^  Patriotic  Fund,"  and  gave 
£500  also  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  by 
the  Lancashire  cotton  famine.  He  died 
April  4,  1873,  at  his  residence,  Cran- 
brook.  Rose  Bay,  Sydney.  Mr.  Towns 
.was  at  one  time  connected  with  Mr.  (now 
Sir)  John  Robertson,  and  Mr.  (afterwards 
Sii*)  Charles  Cowper,  in  taking  up  the 
country  known  as  the  "Plains  of  Promise,'' 
on  the  Albert  and  Norman  Rivers,  Golf  of 
Carpentaria. 

TRENCH,  Hon.  Robert  Le  Poer,  Ute 
Attorney-General  of  Victoria,  is  a  barrister 
of  very  long  standing,  both  in  this  colonj 
and  in  the  old  country.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  noble  family  of  the  same  name, 
whose  principal  seat  is  in  the  county  of 
Galway,  in  Ireland.  He  was  articled  to 
the  celebrated  pleader  and  conveyanow 
Mr.  Coventry,  and  was  called  to  the  Bar 
(Inner  Temple)  June  10,  1842.  After 
having  spent  several  years  ti^velling  in 
various  parts  of  the  world,  he  found  hh 
way  to  Victoria,  and  was,  in  a  short  tinw», 
appointed  Clerk  of  Petty  Sessions  in  Kil- 
more;  and  shortly  afterwards  was  pro- 
moted to  the  office  of  Clerk  of  Petty 
Sessions  in  Ballarat  In  1855  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Victorian  Bar,  in  the 
same  year  with  Sir  George  Stej^en,  His 
Honor  Judge  Bindon,  and  the  Hon. 
Robert  Walsh.  He  soon  became  a  leading 
member  of  his  professiol^  and  has  long 
been  looked  upon  as  a  high  authority  on 
mining  law.     In  Learmonth  v.  Bailey  and 


TROLLOPK-^TTSON. 


307 


othen-o-perlmpa  the  most  important  caae 
tiiftt  was  ever  tried  in  Australia — ^he  was 
retained  for  the  defence,  and  had  the 
aitisfaction  of  gaining  a  verdict  for  his 
dients.  On  the  formation  of  Mr.  Berry's 
first  GoTemment  in  August,  1875,  Mr. 
Trench  was  appointed  Attorney-General ; 
lod  when  Mr.  Berry  again  hecame  Chief 
Secretaiy  in  May,  1877,  Mr.  Trench  re- 
sumed his  position  in  the  Crown  Law 
Offices,  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
one  of  the  Land  Tax  Commissioners. 

TKOLLOPE,  Anthony,  second  son  of 
the  iate  Mr.  T.  A.  TroUope,  and  of  the 
celebrated  authoress,  Mrs.  Frances  Trol- 
lope;  bom  in  1815;  was  educated  at 
Winchester  and  Harrow.  He  held  an 
appointment  in  the  Post  Office;  has 
written  a  great  many  novels;  and  has 
contributed  to  periodical  literature.  Li 
187 1  he  paid  a  visit  to  Australia,  and  since 
then  has  written  '*  Australia  and  New  Zea- 
land," "NewSouthWalesand  Queensland," 
''  South  Australia  and  Wesiem  Australia," 
and  '^  Victoria  and  Tasmania."  He  again 
FJsited  Australia  in  1875.  One  of  Mr. 
Trollope's  sons  is  settled  in  Australia, 
following  a  pastoral  occupation. 

TROUTON,  Captain  Frederic  Henry, 
i)om  at  Chester,  1826.  He  entered 
the  mercantile  marine  in  1844.  On 
December  17,  1852,  he  hinded  in  Mel- 
boame  but  had  no  success  at  the  gold 
di^^ings,  and  took  chaige  of  the  ^^  Elizar 
be^*'  in  1853,  for  the  homeward  voyage. 
In  1857,  he  settled  in  Geelong.  In  1862 
he  entered  the  service  of  the  A.  S.  K. 
Company,  and  after  having  successfully 
commanded  several  of  their  finest  vessels, 
hia  thorough  knowledge  of  seamanship 
and  business  hahits  induced  the  Directors 
to  offer  him  the  position  of  General 
Manager  of  their  Company  in  1866,  and 
through  many  difficulties  he  has  performed 
the  responsible  duties  connected  therewith. 
TUFNELL,  Rt.  Rev.  Edward  Wyni>. 
HAM,  D.D.,  first  Bishop  of  Brisbane,  bom  at 
Hath  in  1814  ;  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
Wadham  College,  Oxford.  In  1846  he 
was  Rector  of  Beechingstoke ;  in  1850 
Prebendary  of  Salisbury ;  in  1858  Recl^r 
of  88.  Peter  and  Paul,  Marlborough,  and 
was  consecrated  first  Bishop  of  Brisbane 
in  1859.     He  retired  in  1875. 


TURNER,  Rt.  Rev.  Jambs  F.,  D.D., 
Bishop  of  Grafton  and  Armidale,  bom  at 
Yarmouth  in  1827 ;  was  educated  at  the 
Charterhouse  and  at  Durham  University. 
In  1858  he  was  ordained  and  stationed  at 
North  Sidmouth,  WUtshire.  In  1869  he 
wafl  consecrated  Bishop  of  Grafton  and 
Armidala 

TYRRELL,  Rt.  Rev.  William,  D.D., 
Bishop  of  Newcastle,  bom  in  London  in 
1807 ;  waseducated  at  the  Charterhouse  and 
at  Cambridga  He  was  ordained  in  1832  ; 
was  first  at  Aylestone,  Leicestershire,  and 
afterwards  at  Beaulieu,  Hampshire ;  in 
1847  was  consecrated  first  Bishop  of  New- 
castle. In  1876  he  had  a  paralytic  stroke, 
and  from  that  time  became  very  infirm. 
He  died  in  Newcastle,  March  24,  1879. 
He  made  a  magnificent  bequest  of  a 
quarter  of  a  million  sterling  to  the  diocese 
of  Newcastle. 

TYSON,  James,  the  well-known  Austra- 
lian millionaire,  was  bom  at  Cowpasti^, 
near  Sydney,  April  11,  18:^3.  His  father, 
William  Tyson,  was  the  scion  of  a  good 
old  Cumberland  feimily,  but,  having  ofien- 
ded  his  parents  by  marriage  against  their 
wishes,  he  found  things  so  unplecusant  at 
home  that  he  enlisted  in  the  army.  His 
discharge  was  purchased  about  1818,  when 
he  emigrated  from  England  in  the  service 
of  Mr.  Commissioner  Bigge,  who  was  sent 
out  to  investigate  the  charges  that  had 
been  made  against  Governor  Macquarie. 
Mr.  William  Tyson  was  kept  by  Mr.  Bigge 
some  time  in  his  service  at  (rovemment 
House,  Sydney,  and  was  asked  by  Mr. 
Bigge  to  accompany  him  to  India,  but, 
having  a  son  (the  late  William  Tyson,  of 
Geramey),  Mrs.  Tyson  objected  to  go  to 
India,  thinking  the  climate  would  be  pre- 
judicial to  the  child.  Mr.  William  Tyson 
then  commenced  farming  near  Baulkham 
Hills,  and  afterwards  received  a  grant  of 
a  farm  near  the  Cowpastures,  where  he 
held  the  office  of  District  Constiible,  and 
where  his  son  James  was  bom.  Mr. 
William  Tyson  did  not  succeed  very  well 
with  his  farm,  and  he  received  the  grant 
of  another  at  East  Bargo,  where  he  died. 
After  assisting  his  mother  some  time  on 
the  farm  at  East  Bargo,  James  Tyson 
entered  the  service  of  Messrs.  Vine,  at 
Brook's  Point  near  D'Arrietta's  Farm  (near 


208 


TYSON. 


Douglas  Park)  as  working  overseer,  at  a 
salary  of  £30  per  annum.    He  afterwards 
transferred    his    services,    in    the    same 
capacity  and  at  the  same  salary,  to  the 
late  John  Buckland,  Esq.,  of  the  Owen 
River.     His  next  step  was  to  a  similar 
situation,  with  a  rise  to  £35  per  annum, 
at  Jugiong,  with  the  late  Henry  O'Brien, 
Esq.,'  of  Douro,  near  Yass.    From  here  he 
went  to  the  same  gentleman's  stations  at 
Groongal,  on  the  Lower .  Murrumbidgee, 
and   remained  there   till   he    joined    his 
brother  William   in  the  formation  of   a 
station  called  Gunambil,  on  the  Billabong. 
After  putting  up  a  hut,  yard,  and  pacl- 
dock,  the  task  devolved  upon  James  of 
going  to  Burragorang  for  a  draught  of  cattle, 
which  Mr.  Graham  of  Campbelltown  had 
agreed  to  place  in  the  hands  of  the  brothers 
Tyson.     James  Tyson,  to  prepare  for  the 
journey,  cooked  as   much   rations   iis  he 
could  carry  on  his  horse,  and  of  money  he 
had   just    one   shilling,    which    when  he 
reached  Gundagai  was  demanded  of  him  by 
the  puntman  for  ferrying  him  and  his  horse 
over  the  Murrumbidgee.  Thinking  he  might 
want  the  shilling  for  a  still  greatel*  need,  Mr. 
Tyson  determined  to  save  it,  and,  declining 
to  use  the  ferry,  swam  over  the  river,  if  not 
at  the  risk  of  his  life,  at  any  rate  greatly 
to  the   detriment   of  his  rations.     After 
numerous  shifts  and  difficulties,  Mr.  Tyson 
got  the  cattle  together,  and  drove  them  as 
far  as  the  Murrumbidgee,  where  he  met 
his  brother,  who  had  been  compelled  to 
abandon     the     newly-formed     Gunambil 
Station  on  account  of  the  water  having 
utterly  failed,  and  who  had  sold  the  run 
and  improvements  for  £12,  but — did  not 
get  the  money  !     They  then  went  to  the 
stations   now  held   by   James,   near  the 
junction  of  the  Lachlan  and  the  Murrum- 
bidgee Rivers.     Whilst  his  brother  William 
carried  on   a  dairy,  James  went  jobbing 
and  cattle-droving,  until  a  few  of  his  stock 
were  fat  and  fit  for  market.     He   then 
joined  with  the  neighbouring  stockowners, 
and  made  up  a  mob  for  Sydney,  selling 
his  first  lot  to  Mr.  Thomas  Sullivan  (now 
of  Sullivan  and  Simpson),  at  £3  a  head  for 
the  pick  and  £2  for  the  remainder,  whilst 
the  same  buyer  purchased  a  lot  from  the 
Murrumbidgee  at  eight  shillings  a  head, 
which  were  afterwards  sold  at  6d.  profit 


I  to  a  Mr.  Inches  for  boiling-down  purposes. 
The  run  near  the  junction  of  the  Lachlan 
and  the  Mummabidgee  was  taken  up  by 
the  Tyson  brothers,   July  8,    1846,  and 
was  held  by  them  for  about  four  years 
without  a  license,  the  Government  having 
refused  to  grant  licenses  for  the  runs  on 
the  north   side  of  the   Lachlan,   as    no 
Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  had  been 
appointed   for    that   district.      The  runs 
were  afterwards  thrown  open  for  tender, 
and  the  Tysons  sent  in  one  which  was  not 
accepted.    The  lysons,  however,  purchased 
the  right  of  lease  from  Mr.  Flood,  who  was 
the  successful  tenderer,  and  so  remained  in 
undisturbed  possession  of  the  Towong  or 
"  Tysons'  Run."    They  also  held  a  licensed 
run  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  opjwsite 
Towong ;  and  when  the  brothers  dissolved 
partnership,  Mr.  William  Tyson  took  the 
run  on  the  south  side,  and  Mr.  James  Tyson 
that  on  the  north,  and  it  has  ev^r  since 
remained    in    his    possession.     In    1851, 
when    the   gold    discoveries   were  made, 
James  Tyson  comme.nced  cattle-dro^dng  to 
Sandhurst,  where  he  opened  a  wholesale 
and  retail  butchering  business,  and  where 
he  made  lai-ge  sums   of  money.      After 
carrying  on  business  succeissfnlly  iat  Sand- 
hurst until  1855,  Mr.  Tyson  purchased  the 
Royal  Bank  Station  near  Deniliquin ;  he 
afterwards  purchased  the  Juanbong  and 
other  stations  on  the  Murrumbidgee,  then 
the  famous  Hayfield  Station  in  Gippsland  ; 
he  next  extended  his  operations  to  Queens- 
land, where  he  purchased  the  Felton  Sta- 
tion on  the  Darling  Downs  ;  he  afterwards 
acquired  several  immense  stations  on  the 
Warrego,  where,  as  in  Victoria  and  this 
colony,  he  now  holds  lai^e  areas  of  free- 
hold   land.      Mr.    Tyson     is    a     broad- 
shouldered,  robust  man,  standing  6  feet 
3 1  inches.      He  has  never  had  a  day's 
illness  in  his  life ;  has  lived  much  m  tiie 
open  air,  and  prefers  it ;    is  a  keen  spoits- 
man  and  a  good  shot.     He  is  a  true  friend 
and  staunch  protector  of  the  Aboriginals 
on  his  various  stations,  who  are  all  very 
much  attached  to  him,  and  render  willing 
service.     He  is  of  a  very  retiring  disjxwi- 
tion,  and  has  always  refused  to  allow  par- 
liamentary or  other  public  honours  to  be 
thrust  upon  him.     He  is  a  bachelor,  and 
mingles  but  little  in  society  ;  is,  however, 


ULLATHORNB— VATJGHAN. 


209 


very  fond  of  children,  and  has  always  been 
a  liberal  supporter  of  all  local  schools, 
and  also  a  liberal  subscriber  to  all  local 
lioq)itals  and  other  popular  institutions, 
although  generally  desirous  to  avoid  having 
his  name  paraded  before  the  public.  The 
amount  of  Mr.  l^rson's  wealth  cannot  be 
easily  estimated,  but  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  a  short  time  ago  he  was  able  to  offer 
the  Government  of  Queensland  a  loan  of 
half-Hrmillion  of  money  towards  the  con- 
sbiiction  of  a  proposed  transcontinental 
railway.  Mr.  l^^son  owes  his  good  fortune 
nuinly  to  his  energy,  his  untiring  industry, 
a&d  his  great  self-deniaL  He  has  never 
indulged  in  a  ^ass  of  wine  or  spirits  or  in 
tobacco  in  his  life,  and  those  who  know 
him  best,  say,  as  Disraeli  said  of  Gladstone,' 
that  he  has  not  "one  redeeming  vice." 
Hu  temper  is  so  even  that  under  the 
most  tiying  circumstances  no  profane  word 
has  been  heard  to  escape  from  his  lips  j  and 
the  firugality  and  simplicity  of  his  habits 
should  disarm  the  envy  of  those  who  might 
he  disposed  to  covet  his  great  riches. 

ULLATHORNE,  Right  Rev.  Wil- 
UAX  Berkabd,  D.D.,  O.S.R,  a  prelate  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  born  at 
PocUington,  Yorkshire,  May  7,  1806; 
educated  at  St  Gregory's  College,  Down- 
side, near  Rath.  After  being  admitted  to 
the  priesthood  he  became  a  missionary  to 
Australia  in  1 832,  and  was  appointed  Yicar- 
General  there,  being  well  ^own  for  his 
zealous  labours  amongst  the  convict  popu- 
lation. Father  UUathome  was  the  first 
Catholic  priest  who  visited  Norfolk 
Island,  and  he  succeeded  in  obtaining  the 
appointment  of  a  Catholic  bishop  for 
the  colony.  Through  giving  evidence 
before  a  Parliamentary  Committee  in 
1838,  he  exercised  great  influence  in  put- 
ting a  stop  to  transportation  to  the  penal 
settlements.  Having  returned  to  England, 
he  was  stationed  at  Coventry,  where  he 
built  a  large  chapel  in  the  Gothic  style. 
He  was  appointed  Vicar-Apostolic  of  the 
Western  district,  and  consecrated  Rishop  of 
Hetalona,  inpartibiu,  June  21, 1846 ;  was 
truisferred  to  the  Central  District  July 
28,  1848  ;  and  translated  to  the  See  of  Rir- 
mingham  September  29,  1850,  on  the  re- 
atorationby  the  Roman  Catholic  authorities 
of  theirhierarchy,  in  obtaining  which  hebore 


a  prominent  part.  Amongst  his  published 
works  are  "  A  Reply  to  Judge  Rurton  " 
(1836) ;  "  Horrors  of  Transportation,"  and 
"  The  Australian  Mission  "  (1838) ;  "  Pil- 
grimage to  La  Salette"  (1864);  "The 
Immaculate  Conception"  (1854);  "Pil- 
grimage to  the  Monastery  of  Subiaoo  and 
the  Grotto  of  St  Renedict"  (1856); 
"  Letters  on  the  Association  for  Promoting 
the  Union  of  Christendom"  (1865); 
"  Letters  on  the  Conventual  Life  "  (1868); 
"  Letters  on  the  Council  and  Papal  Lifal- 
HbiHty"  (1870);  "Mr.  Gladstone's  Ex- 
postulation Unravelled"  (1875). 

VAUGHAN,  Most  Revebend  Roger 
William  Rede,  D.D.,  Archbishop  of 
Sydney,  is  the  second  son  of  Colonel 
Vaughan,  of  Courtfield,  Herefordshire. 
The  family  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  oldest 
of  the  county  families  of  England,  having* 
been  founded  by  Herbert,  Count  of  Ver- 
mandois,  who  came  over  from  Normandy 
with  the  Conqueror,  and  was  Chamberlain 
to  William  Rufus.  The  great-uncle  of  the 
Archbishop  was  the  celebrated  Cardinal 
Weld.  His  eldest  brother  is  the  present 
Rishop  of  Salford.  His  uncle  is  Rishop  of 
Plymouth,  and  his  cousin  the  Hon.  and 
Right  Rev.  Dr.  Clifford,  is  Rishop  of  Clif- 
ton. Archbishop  Vaughan  was  bom  at 
Courtfield  January  9, 1834,  and  educated  by 
private  tutors  until  the  year  1861,  when  he 
was  sent  to  St  Gregory's  College;  Down- 
side, near  Rath,  an  institution  conducted  by 
Fathers  of  the  English  Renedictine  Con- 
gregation, and  the  Alma  Materof  his  Grace 
Archbishop  Polding,  and  of  the  late  Co- 
adjutor-Rishop  Davis.  Li  1853  he  entered 
on  his  novitiate,  was  professed  in  the  fol- 
lowing year,  and  in  1856  went  to  Rome  to 
complete  his  study  of  divinity.  Li  1 859  he 
was  ordained  priest  by  Cardinal  Patrici, 
in  the  Church  of  St.  John  Lateran.  He 
returned  to  Downside  in  the  latter  end  of 
the  same  year,  and  was  at  once  made  mis- 
sionary priest  of  a  large  district  His 
labours  there  for  two  years  were  great^ 
and  most  sucoessfuL  In  1861  he  was 
made  Professor  of  Philosophy  in  the 
Renedictine  Institution  at  St  Michael's, 
near  Hereford ;  and  in  1862  was  elected, 
in  spite  of  his  youth,  to  the  Cathedral 
Priorship.  This  office  he  retained  until 
the  time  of  his  consecration  as  Archbishop. 


210 


VERDON— VOOKL. 


DQTing  these  ten  years  he  has  been 
a  hard  student,  and  has  earned  for  him- 
self bj  his  preaching,  his  lectures,  his 
retreate,  his  writings  in  the  Dublin  Review 
and  other  periodicals,  his  ''life  of  the 
great  St.  Thomas  of  Aquin,"  perhaps  more 
tiian  all  by  the  influence  of  his  character 
upon  the  minds  of  those  priests  and  laj- 
men  with  whom  he  has  been  thrown  into 
cdrtact,  a  reputation  that  extends  through- 
out the  English  Catholic  w(»*ld.  His 
Grace  was  .only  in  his  39th  year  when 
appointed  Coadjutor  to  the  late  An^- 
bishop  Folding.  He  arrived  in  Australia 
December  187S,  and  on  the  death  of  that 
venerable  prelate  he  succeeded  him  March 
16,  1877.  He  has  the  reputation  of  pos- 
*  sessing  in  addition  to  his  great  learning, 
judgment,  tact,  and  liberality  of  thought 

VERDON,  Sir  Geobge  Frediric, 
K.C.M.G.,  born  at  Bury,  Lancashire, 
January  21,  1834,  and  educated  at 
Rossall  College.  He  came  out  to  Mel- 
bonme  in  1851,  and  engaged  in  commer> 
end  pursuits.  He  then  studied  law,  and 
was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1863 ;  in  1854 
was  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  Yohin- 
teer  Force,  and  in  1857  was  engaged  in 
suppressing  an  outbreak  of  the  convicts, 
lor  which  service  he  received  the  thanks 
of  the  Goverament.  In  1858  he  was 
Honorary  Assistant  in  the  Astronomical 
Observabory.  In  1 85  9  was  elected  Memb^ 
for  Williamstown,  and  in  1860  took  office 
as  Treasurer.  As  Hcmorary  Secretary  to 
the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the  Gbservatory 
he  was  able  to  put  the  establishment  oa  a 
satisfactory  footing.  In  1866  he  went  to 
England,  and  obtained  a  grant  of  £100,000 
from  the  Home  Government  towards  the 
Defences  of  the  colony.  In  1867  he  was 
appointed  Agent-General  in  England  for 
Victoria.  He  was  knighted  in  1872,  and 
shortly  afterwards  resigned  the  Agent- 
Creneralship^  and  devoted  himself  to  bank- 
ing business  in  Melbourne,  where  he  is 
now  settled. 

VIDAL,  Rev.  Canon  George,  bom  in 
Jamaica,  April  28,  1815;  educated  atEtcm 
and  Caius  College,  Cambridge,  where,  he 
took  the  degree  of  R  A  In  1840  he  came 
to  New  South  Wales,  and  resided  for  some 
time  with  his  brother,  who  was  engaged 
i»  pastoral   pursuita     In   1843  he  was 


ordained,  and  was  first  placed  at  Sutton 
Forest  and  afterwards  stationed  at  Camp^ 
bethown.  In  1845  he  paid  a  short  visit 
to  England,  On  his  retwm  he  was  plaeed 
at  Denham  Court  tor  ten  years,  and  then 
for  nine  yean  at  Mu^oa.  In  1865,  ob 
the  depaorture  of  Canon  Wal^  for  ^igland 
Cmsum  Vidal  sueoeeded  him  at  Christ 
ehurch,  81  Lawrenee,  Sydney.  In  1876 
his  health  ftdled,  and  on  December  27, 
1877,  he  went  for  chai^  of  air  to  Mel^ 
bourne,  but  ik&t  deriving  any  benefit  em- 
barked to  ratum  to  Sydney ;  whilst  on  the 
voyage  he  died,  January  10, 1878. 

VOGEL,  Hon.  8m  Julius,  K.C.M.a, 
bom  in  London  Febnuury  24,  1835.  In 
early  life  he  had  very  delicate  heeJth,  and 
was  chiefly  educated  hj  masters  at  home. 
In  his  thirteenth  year  he  attended  the 
'  London  University  School,  where  he  re- 
nudned  until  he  was  sixteen.  At  this  age 
he  lost  both  his  pareats;  After  he  left  school 
he  entered  the  ^Ice  of  his  grandfather, 
who  was  the  head  of  a  large  house  in  the 
West  Indian  and  South  American  trade. 
It  was  intended  Mr.  Yogel  should  acquire 
a  knowledge  c^  mercantile  pursizits,  with  the 
view  of  proceeding  to  South  America,  where, 
through  his  connections,  good  prospects 
would  have  awaited  hun.  But  when  the  Vic- 
torian gold-fields  became  famous  he  was 
seized  with  the  restless  fever  to  visit  thera 
which  attadced  so  many  young  men,  and 
against  the  advice  of  his  friends  he  pnh 
ceeded  to  the  new  El  Dorada  Before 
leaving,  however,  he  went  through  a  ooune 
of  study  in  the  cheHustry  and  metallurgy 
of  gold  and  silver,  at  the  Royal  School  o£ 
Mines^  Jermyn-s^reet  He  was  Dr.  Percy's 
first  pupil  in  tha  metcdlmgical  laboratory 
of  that  institution,  and  j&om  that  gentle* 
man  todc  out  wi^  him  to  Melbourne  a 
certificate  of  profideney  in  the  art  of  melt- 
ing and  assaying  the  preeious  metala 
Some  time  after  his  arrival  Mr.  Vogel 
was  concerned  in  various  business  pursuits 
in  Melbourne  and  on  the  g(M-field&  To 
oblige  a  friend,  who  was  iil,  he  wrote  an 
article  for  an  up<»uAtry  newspaper,  and 
so  first  became  connected  with  joumalisB, 
to  which  he  afterwards  devoted  himsell 
He  became  editor  of  the  M^aryborougk  and 
IhmoUy  Atlvertiser,  {m^rietor  of  the 
Ingkwood  Acher^ia&r^  aad  part  proprietor 


WALCH— WALKER. 


»I 


of  the  Ta&oe  Leader,     Wlien  tiie  rtiah  to 
Otago,  New  Zealimd,  oommeneed,  he  went 
\o  Danedm,  and  porchasisif  an  interest  in 
Ae  principal  weekly  paper  there,  started 
the  Outgo  DeHhf   Timea,   the  first  daHj 
paper  in  New  Zealand,  anAd  which  for  some 
rears  he  edited    Before  he  left  Yictoriay 
however,  he  had  contested  an  election  for 
the  Avoca  district     He  polled  2,000  rotes, 
bat  was  defeated  by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Grant 
asd  by  Mr.  Davies,  the  present  Chainnan 
o!  Committees.     Annoyance  at  this  defeat 
did  much  to  influence  his  departure  for 
Nev  Zealand.    He  studied  dos^  the  poli- 
ties of  that  colony,  and  within  two  years 
became  a  Member  of  the  Colonial  House 
of  Represmtatives,  and  of  the  Ftx>vineial 
Cooncfl  of  Otago.      For  some  years  he 
waa  head  of  the  Provincial  Executive,  but 
ttrlf  in  1869  resigned,  as,  having  disposed 
of  the  Otago  Daily  Times,  he  intended  to 
reside  in  Auckland,  where  he  became,  and 
still  isj,  proprietor  o#  the  Sowthem  Cross 
ad  WeMy  News  newspapers.     In  June, 
1^9,  Mr.    Vogel   joined    the    Ministry 
formed  by  Bfr.  Pox,  taking  the  portfolios 
flf  Colonial  TreasRrer,  PostmaBtear-General, 
and  Commissioner  lor  Customs.     He  held 
these   offices    for  over  three  yean^    till 
8pf>t€mber,  1872,  when  Mr.  Pox's  Ckrvem- 
ment  was  defeated.     After  the  incoming 
Govermnent  had  held  office  for  a  month 
tlier  were  defeated  on  a  want  of  confidence 
motion,    merved    by    Mt.    VogeL       Hie 
Ooremor  refused  them  a  dissolution,  and 
swt  for  Mr.  V<^1,  who  formed  a  Ministry. 
Ilie  Hon.    Mr.  W»terhouse  was  oflered 
^d  accepted  the  Premiership,  together  with 
tke  leadership  of  the  Upper  House.     Mr. 
^ogel   took    the    portfolios    of    Colonial 
"^^ivssiirerand  Postmaster-Greneral,  together 
^th  the  leaderdiip  of  the  Lower  House. 
Early  in    1870,   Mr.  Vogel  arranged  in 
Svdney  with  Mr.  HaU  and  the  A.S.N.  Ca 
the  first  Calif  omian  service.     During  the 
»«aon  of  1870,  he  introduced  the  Riblic 
W^orks  and  Immigration  proposals  which 
^^rt  so-  warmly  sidopted  by  the  country, 
VKJ  to  which  vigorous  efl^  has  been  and  is 
heing  given.     After  the  session  Mr.  Vogel 
proceeded  to  WasAikigton.    He  had  already 
negotiated  a  postal  ccmvention  with  the 
doited  States,  and  he  now  visited  America 
^  arrange  for  a  through- service  to  supessede 


Mr.  Hall's.  The  British  Ambassador 
Sir  Edwaird  Thornton,  was  instructed  by 
the  Poreign  Office  to  give  every  aesistanoekr 
After  arranging  the  contract  with  Mr. 
Webb,  Mr.  Vogel  proceeded  to  Londmi^ 
where  he  negotiated  the  drst  instalment 
of  the  Public  Worics  Loan,  and  concluded 
an  engagement  with  a  firm  of  eminent  coBr- 
tractors  to  send  out  representatives  to' New 
Zealand.  Mr.  Vogel's  name  in  New  Zea- 
land is  also  intimately  identified  with  the 
Government  Life  Insurance  ir^tem  which 
he  introduced  (and  which  is  working  witk 
very  great  success),  and  with  the  Interco- 
lonial Reciprocity  quesl^on,  in  which  he  haB 
taken  much  interest  Mr.  Vogel  has  also 
strongly  advocated  the  confed^ution  of 
the  Australasian  colonies,  and  has  written 
several  papers  on  the  subject  He  was 
made  Agent-General  for  New  Zealand  in 
London  in  1876,  received  the  honour  of 
C.M.G.  1872,  and  was  knighted  1875. 

WALCH,  Garnet,  son  of  the  lata 
Major  Walch  of  the  54th  Regiment,  bom 
in  TBusmania  in  1843,  was  educated  ift 
England  and  on  the  Continent.  On  his 
return  to  Australia'  he  was  at  first  engaged 
in  commercial  pursuits,  but  was  soon  em^ 
ployed  as  a  writer  for  the  leading  paper* 
of  New  South  Wales.  At  Christmas,  1871, 
he  produced  his  original  extravaganza 
"Trookulentos,**  which  was  very  successful 
A  year  afterwards  he  removed  to  Victoria, 
and  has  since  written  several  successful 
pantomimes  and  other  dramotie  works.  In 
1874  he  published  a  volume  of  humorous 
verse  and  prose,  "  Head  over  Heels,"  most 
of  which  had  appeared  during  the  two  pre- 
ceding years  in  Sydney  Ftmeh;  and  in  th^ 
year  following  he  published  "On  the  Cards." 
He  was  for  six  years  secretary  of  the  Mel- 
bourne Athemeum,  and  resigned  in  1879. 

WALKER,  Rrv.  Jamm,  M.A.,  for- 
merly Chaplain  of  New  College,  Oxfiwrd^ 
was  head  master  of  King's  School  from 
date  of  arrival  in  1843,  and  was  also  instrU'* 
mental  in  erecting  All  Saints'  diureh, 
Parramatta,  of  which  he  wajs  incumbent, 
till  1848,  when  he  removed  to  Liverpool, 
having  succeeded  to  the  incumbency  of  St. 
Luke's  church.  He  died  in  October,  1854. 
He  was  well  known  as  a  botanist,  and  wrote 
several  important  lettens  to  the  newspapers 
on  poisonous  plants  eaten.  His  sons  occupy 


212 


WALKER-WALSH. 


high  positions  in  the  colony.  Mr.  P.  R 
Walker  is  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Telegraphs  ;  Mr.  Critchett  Walker,  Princi- 
pal Under  Secretary,  Colonial  Secretary's 
office ;  and  Mr.  R.  C.  Walker,  Librarian, 
Free  Public  Library. 

WALKER,  William,  was  bom  in 
Glasgow,  February  26,  1828.  In  1837 
he  arrived  in  Sydney  with  his  parents,  his 
father  being  one  of  the  ^yterian 
teachers  who  were  induced  to  come  to  the 
colony  by  the  late  Dr.  Lang.  He  was 
educated  by  his  father  at  Windsor ;  was 
articled  to  Mr.  Beddek  of  the  same  town, 
and  admitted  an  attorney  in  1852,  and  has 
since  practised  there ;  was  a  Member  of 
the  L^;islative  Assembly  for  Windsor 
from  1860  to  the  end  of  1869,  when  he 
was  defeated  by  Mr.  Dight,  and  has  not 
since  been  engaged  in  politics.  He  was 
the  chief  founder  of  the  School  of  Arts  in 
the  town  he  represented,  and  was  its  first 
President  for  seventeen  years,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  Secretary  of  the 
Hawkesbury  fienevolent  Society  for  eleven 
years,  and  in  1856  wrote  its  history.  He 
has  written  prose  and  poetry  for  the 
periodical  literature  of  the  colony,  and  has 
delivered  a  lecture  on  Colonial  Literature 
and  another  on  Self-culture.  Li  1871 
he  was  elected  an  alderman  of  Windsor, 
and  is  now  the  Mayor  of  the  borough. 

WALLACE,  William  Vincent,  bom 
at  Waterford,  March  11,1815.  His  father 
was  Bandmaster  of  the  29th  Regiment. 
When  William  Wallace  was  fourteen 
years  of  age  he  was  placed  in  the  or- 
chestra of  the  Hawkms-street  Theatre, 
Dublin.  He  even  took  the  direction  of  the 
orchestra  in  1831,  but  his  health  beginning 
to  fail  under  these  labours  his  father  ob- 
tained him  an  engagement  in  the  Boman 
Catholic  church,  Thurles.  Here  he  com- 
posed an  "O  Salutaris."  In.  1833,  being 
still  delicate,  a  sea  voyage  was  recommen- 
ded, and  he  came  to  Sydney,  where  he 
resided  as  teacher  of  music.  Here,  too, 
he  was  joined  by  his  sister  Eliza,  a  vocalist 
of  great  excellence,  with  whom  he  after- 
wards gave  several  concerts  through  the 
colonies,  and  who  subsequently  married 
Mr.  John  Bushelle,  also  a  singer  of  repu- 
tation. Whilst  here  he  gave  a  concert  in 
aid  of  the    Homan    Catholic  Cathedral, 


by  which  £1,000  was  realized.     Fmding 
his  health  re-established  he  indulged  liis 
love    of    travelling,    and    visited    India, 
South  America,  and  Mexico,  making  Nev 
York  his  residence  for  a  time.      In  1845 
he  returned  to  London,  and  there  conh 
pleted  his  opera  of  "Maritana,''  a  great 
portion  of    which    had    been    scored  in 
Sydney.     This  work  at  once  established 
his    fiame    as    a    composer.      Thb    was 
followed     by    "Matilda     of     Hungary," 
but  being  seized  with    a   complaint   of 
the   eyes  in    1850,    a   sea    voyage   was 
recommended  and  he  went  to  Rio  Janeiro, 
whence  he   proceeded  to    New    Orleans 
and  New  York,  in  which  latter  city  he 
resided  for  ten  years,  occupying  himself 
in    composing     "The     Amber    Witch," 
"  Lurline,"  "Love's  Triumph,"  and  "The 
Desert  Flower."     Li   1864   he  went  to 
Paris,  and  was  there  attacked  by  the  ill- 
ness which  terminated  his  life,  Oct.  12, 1865. 
WALSH,  Hon.  William  Henbt,  M.LC., 
bom  in  Oxfordshire,  December,  1825.    In 
1844  he  left  England  for  New  South  Wales, 
and  spent  three  years  acquiring  colonial 
experience  with  Mr.  Perrier,  of  Bathurst 
Li  1847  he  took  up  a  new  station  for  Mr. 
Perrier,  on  the  M'Lityre,  and  then  on  the 
Burnett     Li  1859  he  was  returned  to  the 
Parliament  of  New  South  Wales  for  one 
of  the  northern  constituencies.     On  the 
separation  of  Queensland  he  retired  into 
private  life,   until    1865,   when  he  was 
elected  for  Maryborough.      He  accepted 
office  in  1870  as  Minister  for  Works,  but 
resigned  in   1873    in    consequence  of  a 
difference  of  opinion  between  him  and  his 
colleagues  on  ike  subject  of  education.  In 
1874  he  was  returned  for  the  Warrego, 
and  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly;  in  February,   1829,  was 
appointed  a  memb^  of  the    Legislative 
Council  of  Queensland.     Mr.  Walsh  was 
regarded  as  one  of  the  best  Ministers  for 
Hallways  and  Works  in  that  colony ;  he 
introduced  many  reforms  and  excellent 
system  of  organisation ;  his  boldest  stroke 
of  policy  was  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
Ballard  to  cany  out  the  great  railway 
system  from  Kockhampton  to  the  Comet 
River,  by  which  the  Government  became 
their  own   contractor,   and  a    line   was 
completed  at  a  laige  saving  to  the  publia 


WARBURTON— WAY. 


213 


WARBURTON,  Major  Peter  Eger- 
fOK,  H.RI.C.S.,  was  bom  August  15, 
1813,  at  Arlej  Hall,  North wich,  Cheshire, 
and  reoeiyed  his  education  at  Otleans  and 
Paris.  He  entered  the  Royal  Navy  in 
1825,  and  served  on  board  H.M.S.  "  Wind- 
sor Castle,"  Captain  D.  King.  In  1829 
be  entered  the  Hon.  East  India  Company's 
Military  College  at  Addiscombe,  and  in 
1831  sailed  for  India,  where  he  was  in 
1835  appointed  Adjutant  of  the  Marine 
Battalion  at  Bombay.  From  that  he  was 
Innsferred  to  the  General  Staff  in  the 
Adjutant-General's  department,  and  rose 
to  be  Acting  Deputy  Adjutant-General, 
which  appointment  he  held  for  two  years. 
He  retutid  from  the  service  in  March, 
1853,  with  tbe  rank  of  Major  and  the 
pension  of  a  Captain.  In  July  of  the 
some  year  he  landed  in  Albany,  Western 
Australia^  but  came  on  to  Adelaide  in 
September.  In  the  following  December  he 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Police,  and 
held  that  office  until  February,  1867.  He 
WIS  appointed  Colonel  Commandant  of  the 
Sooth  Australian  Volunteer  Force  in 
1869,  and  resigned  in  1877.  He  has  now 
cbai^e  of  the  Imperial  Pension  Establish- 
ment From  the  year  1856  to  1874 
Major  Warburton  has  had  command  of 
various  exploratory  expeditions  in  the 
colony,  and,  whilst  conducting  one  of 
these,  he  succeeded,  by  dint  of  heroic 
exertions  and  most  indomitable  energy,  in 
poshing  through  the  arid  desert  country 
between  South  and  Western  Australia, 
amving  in  the  latter  province  with  his 
party  in  a  dreadful  state  of  exhaustion. 

WATERHOUSEJ  Rev.  Jabez  Bunt- 
ing, bom  in  London,  and  educated  at 
Kingswood  School.  In  1839  he  accom- 
panied his  father  to  Tasmania,  the  latter 
having  been  appointed  General  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Wesleyan  Missions  in  Aus- 
tndasia  and  Polynesia.  There  he  became  a 
iocal  preacher.  He  proceeded  to  England 
to  obtain  the  collegiate  training  required 
of  Wesleyan  ministers,  and  studied  at 
Hichmond  Collega  In  1847  was  appointed 
to  Tasmania,  and  some  years  later  was 
^Hppointed  to  South  Australia.  In  1864 
he  was  transferred  to  New  South  Wales. 
In  1875  he  attended  the  first  General  Con- 
ference   of    the     Australian    Weslevan 


Methodist  Church  held  in  Melbourne,  and 
was  elected  Secretary.  At  the  New  South 
Wales  and  Queensland  Conference  in 
1876  he  was  chosen  President. 

WATSFORD,  Rev.  John,  bom  at  Parra- 
matta,  December  5,  1820;  educated  at 
King's  School,  Parramatta,  and  for  two 
years  one  of  the  teachers  there.  Became 
a  minister  of  the  Wesleyan  Church  in 
1843,  and  for  seven  or  eight  years  was  in 
Fiji,  for  three  years  in  Sydney,  three 
years  in  Goulbum,  and  two  years  in  Mait- 
land,  then  in  South  Australia  for  six  years, 
and  has  since  then  been  in  Melbourne.  In 
1875  ho  was  appointed  Greneral  Secretary 
of  Home  Missions,  in  which  he  has  since 
been  engaged.  He  was  for  four  years 
Chairman  of  the  Melbourne  district,  and 
was  President  of  the  Australasian  Wes- 
leyan Conference  in  1871. 

WATSON,  Hon.  James,  M.L.A,  a 
native  of  Portadown,  county  of  Armagh, 
Ireland,  was  bom  December  17, 1837,  and 
received  his  primary  education  at  the 
school  attached  to  the  Church  of  England 
in  his  native  town.  He  arrived  in  this 
colony  twenty-two  years  ago,  and  first 
entered  business  at  Young,  where  he,  with 
his  brothers,  traded  as  Watson  Bros,  for 
some  years.  In  February,  1869,  Mr. 
Watson  joined  the  Sydney  firm  of  John 
Frazer  and  Co.,  wholesale  merchants,  on 
the  death  of  Mr.  William  Manson,  a 
partner  of  the  firm,  and  has  retained  his 
connection  with  the  firm  ever  since,  being 
now  the  principal  partner.  He  first  en- 
tered Parliament  in  1869,  being  elected 
for  the  Lachlan  district  in  the  general 
election  of  that  year,  and  has  sat  for 
the  same  constituency  ever  since ;  was 
appointed  Colonial  Treasurer  in  Sir  Henry 
Parkes's  Administration,  December,  1878. 
Is  chairman  of  the  City  Bank,  and  is 
regarded  as  one  of  the  soundest  commercial 
men  and  financiers  in  Sydney.  His  speeches 
are  remarkable  for  clearness  and  good  com- 
mon sense. 

WAY,  Rev.  James,  Bible  Christian 
minister,  bom  at  Nenchard  Bishop,  North 
Devon,  June  17,  1804  ;  entered  ministry 
of  the  Bible  Christian  Church  May  18, 
1826 ;  President  of  Bible  Christian  Con- 
ference 1847 ;  landed  in  South  Australia 
November  13,  1850;  established  the  first 


&4 


WAX^WSLD. 


■^—v 


Bible  Omtitta  Sodeties  in  Soaih  AuabraUa 
fund  y ietoriss  and  ior  away  yean  was  tlieir 
GeneFnI  St^^erinteDdent  in  Australia. 

WAY,  Sib  ^uiuel  Jamsb,  Chief  Jtt$- 
twe  o(  South  Australia^  aon  of  tiie  Rev. 
James  Wa^,  bom  at  Portsmouth,  En^^and, 
April  11,  1836;  educated  at  the  Bible 
Ohxistian  Gfanunar  School,  Shebbear^ 
19'orth  Devon,  and  at  the  Maidstone  Boad 
jBchool,  Chatham,  under  the  Bev.  J.  C. 
Means,  a  XJnitanan  minister  of  emineoioe. 
Arrived  in  South  Australia^  Maroh  6^ 
1853 ;  called  to  the  South  Aui^ialian  Bar, 
March  23,  1861 ;  appointed  Queen's 
Counsel,  S^>tember  12,  1871 ;  was  Mem- 
ber of  £ducati<xi  Board,  February  2, 1874 ; 
•Hf^inted  Member  of  the  Council  of  the 
University  of  Adelaide,  November  11, 
1874;  elected  Member  of  the  House  of 
Assembly  for  the  district  of  Sturt,  Feb- 
tnaiy  10,  1875 ;  appointed  Attorney- 
General,  June  3,  1875;  Chief  Justice, 
March  18,  1876;  elected  Yioe-Chancellor 
4l  the  University  of  Adelaide,  April  28, 
1876.  Has  be^  Acting  Grovemor  or 
Aidministrator  of  the  Gbv^mment  of  South 
Australia  as  follows : — 1877,  Juiuary  29dDi 
490  March  24th,  May  17th  to  October  2&d; 
1878,February  14th  to  August  15th. 

WEABING,  William,  late  third  Jud|^, 
■Supreme  Court,  Adelaide,  S.A,  bom  in 
Ix>ndon,Novemberl2,1816.  After  attend- 
ing sdiool,  he  studied  at  St.  John's  College, 
•Oambridge,  where  he  took  his  degree  of 
B.A. ;  was  called  to  the  Bar  at  Lincoln's 
Ion,  May  3, 1847,  and  arrived  in  Adelaide 
two  years  later.  The  following  year  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  South  Aus- 
iisalia,  June,  1850,  and  was  appointed  a 
Kotaxy  PuUia  La  April,  1856,  he  re- 
«aived  the  appcnstment  of  Crown  Solicitor, 
4Uid  in  1855  he  was  made  a  Q.C.  and  J.P. 
On  August  8,  1867,  he  was  i^pointed 
ithird  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  in 
the  exercise  of  the  functions  of  his  office 
he  went  on  circuit  to  the  Northern  Terri- 
tory, and  was  wrecked  in  the  steamer 
'' Gothenbui^  "  off  the  Queensland  coast, 
-obl  the  return  voyage,  February  25, 1875. 

WELD,  FBEDSfOCK  Ajlotsius,  C.M.G., 
.Cbvemor  of  Tasmania,  is  the  second 
mrviving  son  of  Humphrey  Weld,  Esq., 
^  ChidlsodE  Manor,  Dorset^  England, 
and  of  ike  Honorable  Christina  Maria, 


daughter  qf  Qfaaciea,  the  9ih  Lovd  Clifford 
of  Ch«MUeigL  Cudinal  Weld,  aad  Mr. 
Weld,  of  Lulwortii  Castle,  the  wdl  kneirii 
yach tsMMWi ,  wererbrotheraof  Mr.  Humphrey 
Weld.  The  Most  Rev.  Dr.  Vaughn, 
Archbishop  of  Sydney,  is  also  a  relative. 
Mr.  Weld  was  bom  in  1823;  educated 
at  Stonyhutst  College,  England,  and  it 
Freiburg,  in  Switsarland.  He  diose  fcr 
himself  a  colonial  career,  and  in  1844 
arrived  in  New  Zealand.  There  he  fonned 
stations,  explored  country  previouslj 
unknown,  and  discovered  passes  tfarcui^ 
the  Kaikora  Range.  Several  of  las 
explorations  wei^  undertaken  on  foot»  with 
only  (me  companion ;  and  some  of  them 
he  prosecuted  aione.  In  1848,  the  Go?er- 
nor  of  New  Zealand,  Sir  George  Gtej, 
ctfered  to  Mr.  Weld  a  place  in  like  Legia- 
lature,  then  entirely  nominated,  fie 
declined  the  honour,  but  took  an  acdve 
part  in  the  movement  for  representative 
institutiona  As  soon  as  these  weie 
granted,  Mr.  Weld  was  eleeted,  and  ask 
for  several  years  in  the  Houae  of  Repre- 
sentative&  In  1854  he  was  made  a 
Member  of  the  Executive  Council  In 
1860  he  was  Minister  for  Native  Afihin 
in  the  Stafford  Ministry.  That  Ministzy 
was  defeated  in  1861.  In  1864  Mr.  Weld 
was  made  Premier.  When  he  came  into 
office,  the  country  was  in  a  state  of  war ; 
the  General  of  the  anny  and  the  Governor 
of  the  colony  wei«e  at  variance ;  escaped 
Maori  prisoners  held  a  fortified  position 
within  sight  of  the  capital ;  GovenuDeat 
debentures  were  unsaleable,  and  the  banks 
refused  advances,  whilst  the  colooy  ms 
exposed  to  what  seemed  a  ruinous  war 
expenditure.  In  the  face  of  thesetrouhles, 
the  Fox-Whittaker  Government  had  re- 
signed without  meeting  Parliament  Mr. 
Weld  proposed  to  carry  on  the  war  without 
the  aid  of  regular  troops,  by  small  bocto 
of  trained  bushmen,  relying  much  on  the 
effect  <^  pushing  roads  through  the  eounti^- 
He  thus  succeeded  in  turning  back  tbe 
tide  of  war.  He  advised  and  earned  oat 
the  confiscation  of  the  lands  of  the  Waikato 
tribe,  as  a  odark  of  its  defeat  and  it  bas 
never  since  taken  up  arms.  He  also  sent  an 
expedition  of  colonial  tro<^  to  punii^  the 
murderers  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  YoUmer.  His 
administratii(Hi  not  only  dealt  some  effective 


WSWTWQBIH. 


915 


ID  waety  hv^  tookgood  mettniM  far 
tiieeBtablwhnwmt  of  peaoe.     Tbey  opened 
NatiTe  Laod  OoartB  ;  earned  the  Kaldve 
Rights  BiU  (iotrodueed  by  Mr.  Eitegerald, 
Ike   Minister    for  Native  Affidrs);   and 
niflBd  tbe  qaesticm  of  Native  Bepreaenta- 
ticm.    To  aacore  the  tmity  of  the  colony 
tfaey  brou^t  about  the  removal  of  the 
«i(atal  to    WeUiDgtoii,    a    more   central 
(MMitioQ,  adected  by  CommiSBLoiiera  from 
ike  Australian  coloniei.    Hie  oredit  of  the 
oriffDj  was  reatored  ;   the  fioaiioes,  in  the 
hois  of  Mr.    Fttzherbert,  the  Troaaurer, 
were   placed    on  a  better    f ootizig ;    the 
Ptnama  line  was  subsidised ;  an  electric 
telegraphic   cable    iras  ordered    so  as  to 
WBnect  the  two  iidaads  of  New  Zealand  ; 
ttd  a  scientific  department  was  established 
onder  Dr.  Hector.     In  1865  Mr.  Weld's 
Gcvennamt  was  defeated  on  a  vote  for 
^eoee  purpoeea,  and  resigned.      Thoo^ 
Ids  admmiatration  had  but  a  abort  duration, 
tfaflir  pc^cy  was  emphatically  approved  by 
tk  Home  Oovemment     Mr.    Cardwell, 
tlwD  8ecretajy  of  State  for  the  Colonies, 
<B  leoesving  intelligence  of  the  resignation 
d  Mr.    WML,    said  in  a  letter  to    the 
Governor  that  her  Mi^esty's  (oovemment 
vodd  continue  to  be  guided  by  the  policy 
isittated    by    him.       On    resigning    the 
Oovemment,  Mr.  Weld,  wImSsc  healdi  had 
Wq  braicm  down  by  over-work,  went  to 
Aighmd  for  rest  and  chaaga     Soon  after 
kis  arrival  there,  the  Duke  of  Buckingham, 
then  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies, 
eapwaaaed  his  intention   of  offering  him 
a  GoloBaal  OovemoFahip.      A  change  of 
Ministry  took  place ;  and  Earl  Granville 
cttried  out  the  avowed  intention  of   his 
predeeesBor,     by    appointing    Mr.    W^d 
€k>vemor  of   Wertem  Australia     At  a 
public  dinner  in  London,   Earl  Granville 
fgave  as  his  reason  for  selecting  Mr.  W^d 
^  that  appointment,  that  he  believed  him 
to  be  just  Ihe  man  to  infuse  a  spirit  of  self- 
nKaQBe    into    a    colony    in   a    state  of 
^VDsttion  from  a  condition  in  which  it  waa 
wed  for  the  purposes  of  transportatiim 
Md  reo^ved  the  aid  of  Imperial  expendi- 
ture, to  one  of  freedom  and  self •«uppo(rt. 
lowing  the  period  of  Mr.  W^d's  Govern- 
ment in  Western  AustreJia  various  indua- 
^'wshave  been  there  developed,  principaUy 
^  ooncesaiona  to  capitalists  from  Victoria 


and  other  colonies.  A  partially  represautia' 
tive  legislature  was  eatahliahed  ;  wani- 
eipal  institutions  were  introduced;  «a 
Education  Act  was  passed  which  gave 
general  satisfaction ;  a  system  waa  adopted 
which  placed  all  religioua  denominationa 
on  a  footing  of  equaUty,  giants  of  Umd 
being  made  by  the  Governor  to  all  of  them, 
r^portio^  to  their  nombeiB,  fn^ 
chujrohea,  schools,  glebes,  and  charitable 
institutions ;  telegraph  lines  were  eon* 
structed  throughout  the  colony ;  steam 
communication  was  opened  up  along  the 
coast,  so  as  to  promote  the  settlememtioC 
various  parts  of  the  territory;  and  im- 
portant explorations  were  successfully 
carried  out  by  Mr.  John  Forrest.  Two 
of  the  last  acts  of  Mr.  Weld's  Govern- 
ment in  that  colony  were  to  cut  the 
first  sod  of  the  first  Government  railway, 
and  to  plant  the  first  telegraph  post  of  a 
line  which  ultimately  connected  Western 
Australia  with  Adelaide  and  the  whole  of 
Eastern  Australia.  In  January,  187&y 
Mr.  Weld  was  appointed  Governor  o£ 
Tasmania,  and  has  since  delivered  in  th«b 
island  many  important  spee<^es,  ei^^ecially 
those  on  Australian  defences.  In  1869 
Mr.  Weld  married  FUumena  lisle,  eldeat 
daughter  of  A  M.  Lisle-Phillips  de  lial^ 
Esq.,  of  Garrendon  Park  and  Griee-Dieu 
Manor,  Leicestershire,  England. 

WENTWORTH,  William  OiLiBLBa, 
^*the  Australian  Patriot,"  bom  October, 
1791,  at  Norfolk  Island,  then  as  now,  a 
dependency  of  New  South  Wales.  Hia 
fa^er,  Mr.  D'Arcy  Wentworth,  an  Irish- 
man, was  Imperial  surgeon  on  that  iflland, 
and  afterwards  held  the  position  ci  Princi- 
pal Superintendent  of  Police  in  Sydney^ 
and  was  also  Magistrate  of  the  TerritcMry. 
Norfolk  Island  being  both  geographically 
and  politically  a  part  of  Australasia.  Mx^ 
Wentworth  was  always  regarded  by  him* 
self  and  hie  countrymen  as  a  native  of  this 
colony.  At  the  age  o£  seven  he  was  seat 
to  England  for  his  education,  and  waa 
for  some  time  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Alex* 
ander  Crombie,  of  Greenwich,  author  of  a 
standard  work  on  Etymology  and  Syntax. 
After  a  few  years  he  returned  to  Sydney. 
In  the  days  of  his  early  manhood,  in  1813, 
he  joined  Mr.  Gregory  Blaxland  and  Lieu- 
tenant Lawson  in  an  attempt  to  cross  the 


216 


WENTWORTH. 


Blue  Mountains,  which  had  till  then 
bounded  the  enterprise  of  the  colonists. 
They  left  Mr.  Blaxland's  farm  on  South 
Creek  May  11,  1813,  and  struck  out  for 
the  westward.  Having  crossed  the  Ne- 
pean,  and  traversed  several  thickly-wooded 
ridges  and  gullies,  they  came  on  the  19th 
to  &ie  furthest  point  reached  by  Mr.  Bass 
in  1796.  Next  day  they  went  forward 
over  a  country  entirely  new  to  Europeans. 
Through  great  difficulty  and  danger  they 
pushed  on  their  way  until  the  dlst  They 
succeeded  in  finding  a  pass  through  the 
mountains  and  descended  a  considerable 
distance  on  the  western  slopa  They  had 
thus  accomplished  a  great  work  ;  they  had 
marked  out  a  track  over  what  had  been 
regarded  as  an  impassable  barrier;  they 
had  opened  for  their  countrymen  a  way  to 
new  settlements  of  incalculable  resources. 
They  were  all  three  suffering  from  dysen- 
tery ;  their  provisions  were  nearly  ex- 
hausted ;  and  their  clothes  and  shoes  were 
in  a  very  bad  condition.  They  therefore 
determined  to  return ;  and  succeeded 
in  reaching  home  June  6th.  In  1816, 
Wentworth  went  to  England  again,  and 
matriculated  at  Cambridga  There  he  spent 
several  years.  .  In  1819  he  published  "A 
Statistical,  Historical,  and  Political  De- 
scription of  the  Colony  of  New 'South 
Wales."  This  book  was  of  much  service 
to  his  country,  by  dispelling  to  some  ex- 
tent the  gross  ignorance  that  had  prevailed 
up  to  that  time  in  the  mother  country 
concerning  Australia.  The  work  was  well 
received,  and  as  early  as  1824  a  thiid 
edition  was  called  for  and  published. 
Whilst  at  Cambridge  he  wrote  his  well- 
known  poem  on  Australia.  The  prize  on 
that  occasion  was  awarded  to  his  com- 
petitor, W.  Mackworth  Praed,  afterwards 
a  distinguished  Member  of  the  House  of 
Conmions ;  but  it  is  now  universally  ad- 
mitted that  Wentworth's  poem  is  the  best. 
Until  the  vision  is  realized,  Australians  of 
every  generation  will  repeat  with  exultation 
the  words  of  joyous  anticipation  in  which 
the  first  political  leader  of  the  Australian 
people  apostrophised  the  mother  country 
on  the  future  greatness  of  his  native  land : — 

Ifay  this,  thv  last-bom  infant,  then  arise 
To  fflad  thy  heart,  and  jgre^t  thy  parent  eyes  ; 
And  Australasia  rise  with  flo^  unfurl'd— 
A  new  Britannia  in  another  world. 


At  the  conclusion  of  his  Univendty  stadisBi 
he  prepared  himself  for  the  legal  profes- 
sion, and  in  due  time  was  called  to  the 
Bar.  He  then  returned  to  Sydney.  In 
September,  1824,  he  and  his  Mend  Dr. 
Wardell,  also  a  barrister  of  the  English  Bar, 
were  admitted  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  colony  to  the  practice  of  their  profes- 
sion  here.  Wentworth  was  from  the  first 
very  successful  in  it.  But  he  did  not  confino 
his  eneigies  to  one  pursuit  The  social  and 
political  interests  of  the  community  early 
engaged  his  attention ;  and  he  took  part, 
with  much  zeal,  in  the  squatting  enterprise 
of  the  colony.  When  he  came  out,  in  1 824y 
he  and  his  friend  Dr.  liV^ardell  brought 
with  them  the  materials  for  starting  a 
newspaper  in  Sydney,  and  they  succeeded 
in  establishing  the  AustraUan.  As  a  jour- 
nalist and  as  a  public  orator  he  took  up  the 
cause  of  the  oppressed ;  and  one  imbned 
with  sentiments  of  humanity  and  justioe 
had  not  need  to  go  far  to  find  instauoea  of 
oppression.  Both  86ldier8  and  convids 
were  at  the  almost  irresponsible  di^Kwal 
of  the  civil  and  military  authorities. 
Some  soldiers  having  sought  to  esc^ 
from  the  restraints  of  military  life 
by  committing  offences  which  led  to 
their  being  numbered  with  the  con* 
victs — a  change  which  seemed  to  them,  in 
prospect)  desirable — ^the  Covemment  de- 
termined to  put  a  stop  to  a  practice  so  de* 
structive  of  discipline.  And  in  1826,  two 
soldiers.  Sudds  and  Thompson,  who  had 
committed  theft  in  order  to  be  transferred 
to  the  convict  riffime,  were  sentenced  to 
hard  labour  on  the  roads,  with  irons  of 
unusual  weight  Sudds  died  under  the  in- 
fliction, and  as  it  was  generally  believed  that 
the  punishment  was  enormously  severe,  a 
cry  of  indignation  rose  against  QorecDOt 
Darling.  Wentworth  took  the  lead  in  the 
protestation,  and  in  a  pamphlet  known  as 
"  The  Impeachment,"  said  he  would  follow 
General  Darling  to  the  gallows.  From  that 
time  he  was  regarded  as  the  diampion 
of  the  oppressed,  and  many  appealed  to 
his  powerful  tongue  and  pen  for  protection. 
After  the  death  of  his  friend  Dr.  Wardell, 
Mr.  Wentworth  withdrew  in  some  measure 
from  his  professional  and  literary  labours, 
and  entered  into  pastoral  pursuits.  Buthe 
continued    to    take    an    active   part  in 


WENTWORTH. 


217 


poiitiaJ  life.  He  was  the  leader  of  the 
Fibiotic  Assodation,  which  was  fonned 
to  promote  the  claims  of  the  people  of  New 
Soath  Wales,  for  civil  and  political  privi- 
leges, such  as  were  enjoyed]by  their  fellow- 
Injects  in  other  parts  of  the  British 
fimpire.  One  of  the  first  of  these  privileges 
for  whicli  he  struggled  was  "Trial  by 
Juiy."  On  November  1,  1824,  the  first 
aril  jury  was  empannelled  in  the  Ck>urt 
d  Quarter  Sessions.  This  result  was  due 
to  the  enlightened  spirit  and  resolution  of 
Chief  Justice  Forbes.  Mr.  Wentworth 
took  an  active  part  in  the  agitation  that 
Vfts  carried  on  to  obtain  a  large  increase 
of  British  rights.  At  a  public  meeting 
held  in  Sydney  in  January,  1827,  for  the 
adoption  of  a  petition  to  the  Imperial 
Parliament,  Mr.  Wentworth  said  : — "  The 
fint  topic  contained  in  the  petition,  is  a 
nquest  for  trial  by  jury.  We  have  already 
had  in  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  a  two 
years'  experience  of  that  mode  of  trial, 
a&d  notwithstanding  a  great  part  of  the 
population  is  held  not  eligible  to  sit  as 
jnrarB,  it  has  gone  on  well  and  success- 
fiilly ;  therefore,  we  urge  that  if  it  were 
more  extended  in  the  colony  its  beneficial 
effects  would  be  more  generally  known." 
The  petition  was  adopted,  and  entrusted  to 
the  hands  of  Sir  James  Macintosh,  who  on 
presmiting  it  to  the  House  of  Commons 
appealed  to  the  evidence  of  Governor 
Macquarie,  Sir  Thomas  Brisbane,  Chief 
Justice  Wilde,  and  Chief  Justice  Forbes, 
in  support  of  the  assurance  that  New 
Soath  Wales  was  "  fully  as  ripe  for  such 
a  change  as  any  other  dependency  of  the 
British  Crown."  But  the  Imperial  Par- 
liament was  not  willing  to  agree  to  these 
representations;  and  an  Act  which  came 
into  farce  here  on  March  1,  1829,  again 
threw  the  power  over  the  liberty  and 
property  of  the  colonists  into  the  hands  of 
inilitary  jurors  in  the  Quarter  Sessions  as 
▼ell  as  in  the  Supreme  Court  In  this 
^mtoward  state  of  things  Mr.  Wentworth 
nobly  maintained  his  position  in  the  van 
fi^  the  long-continued  contest  to  secure 
Bntifih  rights  and  privileges  for  his  fellow- 
^xmntiymen.  On  the  accession  of  William 
rV.,  in  1830,  Mr.  Wentworth  seized  the 
oi^Kstunity  of  making  a  new  appeal  to  the 
^wn  for  the  concession  of  the  rights  so 


long  withheld  An  address,  couched  in 
the  usual  phrases  of  loyal  congratulation 
and  prayers,  had  been  prepared,  and  was 
moved  in  a  public  meeting  convened  for 
the  purpose,  by  Mr.  Sydney  Stephen,  and 
seconded  by  Sir  Edward  Parry.  Went- 
worth -came  forward  and  avowed  his  con- 
viction that  this  was  a  fitting  time  to  urge 
on  the  King  and  his  Council  the  just 
demands  of  the  colonists.  He  moved  the 
insertion  of  a  paragraph  expressing  the 
hope  that  His  Majesty  would  "  extend  to 
the  only  Colony  of  Britain  bereft  of  the 
right  of  Britons,  a  full  participation  of  the 
benefits  and  privileges  of  the  British  con- 
stitution." Mr.  Lethbridge  seconded  the 
amendment,  which  was  adopted  by  the 
meeting.  Whilst  various  public  and  pro- 
fessional objects  engaged  his  attention, 
Mr.  Wentworth  did  not  neglect  science; 
He  was  from  an  early  period  a  good 
mathematician;  and  on  one  important 
occasion  proved  the  accuracy  of  his  know- 
ledge in  a  practical  manner.  He  had 
gone  on  a  voyage  to  Tahiti  and  other 
islands ;  and  having  lost  their  captain  the 
passengers  and  crew  finding  that  the 
chief  officer  was  not  competent  to  take 
charge  of  the  ship,  entrusted  the  conmiand 
to  Wentworth,  who  successfully  navigated 
the  vessel  back  to  Fort  Jackson.  In 
private  business,  and  in  his  own  home^ 
he  was  remarkable  for  his  generous  con- 
sideration towards  all  who  were  connected 
with  him.  All  his  servants,  ovei*seers, 
and  superintendents  retained  a  warm 
attachment  to  him.  To  many  of  them 
their  employment  under  him  was  the 
stepping  stone  to  success  and  indepen- 
dence.  In  public  life  he  came  into 
hostile  collision  with  men  of  difierent 
political  views  and  associations  ;  and  when 
thus  provoked  he  was  not  sparing  in  his 
denunciations.  But  to  judge  fairly  of  his 
mind  and  heart,  one  must  hear  the  terms 
in  which  all  who  served  under  him  speak 
of  the  generous  treatment  they  uniformly 
received  at  his  handa  Mr.  Wentworth 
generally  supported  the  administration 
of  Sir  Kichard  Bourke,  who  went  much 
beyond  his  predecessors  in  liberal  measures. 
He  did  not,  however,  spare  the  extravagance 
of  the  Government  in  spending  the  money 
of  the  people  for  purposes  not  conducive 


216 


WENTVOSXH. 


to  the  public  wetfue.  In  1833  heaoadeA 
powerful  speech  at  a  public  meeting  in 
Sjdiiej  on  this  subject  He  Bev^erelj  erk- 
inAsed  the  expenditure,  and  ui^ged  the 
adoption  of  a  petition  to  the  Crovemor, 
which  was  resented  as  presumptuous,  but 
produced  some  aalutajry  effect.  With  Hbe 
next  Governor,  Sir  George  Gipps,  Mr. 
Wentworth  came  into  collision  on  the 
subject  of  his  land  purchases  in  New 
Zealand.  He  had  bought  of  the  native 
chiefs,  for  goods  of  the  value  of  £400, 
and  a  promise  of  a  small  annuity  to 
each  of  the  vendars,  the  whole  of  the 
Middle  Island, — that  is  the  territory  now 
cmnpnsed  in  Otago,  Southland,  Canter- 
bury, Nelson  and  Marlborough — together 
wiiii  some  200,000  acres  of  tibe  Northern 
Island.  Sir  George  Gipps  regarded  the 
attempt  of  Mr.  Wentworth  and  his  part- 
ners to  obtain  ihiB  vast  domain,  as  a 
monstrous  perversion  of  the  forms  of 
bargain  and  sale  in  taking  advantage  of 
the  ignorance  of  a  barbarous  people ;  and 
all  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Wentworth  by  l^gal 
argument  and  political  influence  to  miJce 
good  the  purchase  proved  unavailing.  In 
1843  a  new  political  Constitution,  with 
a  representative  element,  was  introduced ; 
and  Mr.  Wentworth  thenceforward  occu- 
pied a  conspicuous  part#in  the  LegiaLsr 
ture.  The  general  election  took  place 
in  June,  1843.  He  was  elected,  together 
with  Dr.  William  Bland  to  represent  the 
City  of  Sydney.  He  was  described  in  a 
political  journal  of  that  day,  as  one  whose 
^'principles  were  liberal  to  the  utmost 
latitude  of  the  term."  One  writer  says : 
''Fonnerly  indeed,  he  was  to  all  intents 
and  purposes  a  Badical;  but  latterly  he 
has  been  gradually  approaching  towards 
Ccmservatiffln."  If  Mr.  Wentworth  had 
begun  as  early  as  1843  to  recede  from 
the  democratic  sentiments  to  which  he 
had  given  eloquent  exjMnession  at  an 
earlier  time,  he  certainly  continued  to 
move  in  the  same  direction  ;  and  just  in 
proportion  as  the  people  of  New  South 
WiJes  came  into  the  actual  enjoyment 
of  the  political  rights  which  he  had 
boldly  claimed  for  th«n,  his-  ardour  in 
support  of  thoae  rights  cooled  down  and 
gave  place  at  length  to  de^  aversion  and 
earnest  resistance  to  what  he  deemed  the 


exeeasofdemoofacy.  And  as  he  raoeM 
from  the  standard  of  advaaoed  LiheialiBm, 
the  confidence  of  thoae  who  most  admini 
his  noble  struggles  for  the  rights  of  the 
people  was  naturally  more  and  more  with- 
drawn. In  1849  Mr.  Wentworth  took  iip 
the  project  of  estahHshing  a  Univenity  m 
Sydney.  On  Ootober  2nd  in  that  jmr 
he  made  a  most  ekxfuent  speech  in  m^ 
port  of  a  seoond  reading  of  a  Bill  for  tint 
object  The  Bill  was  passed  net  without 
much  deliberation  in  ParUammit,  and  wis 
assented  to  by  ^Charles  Fitsroy,  October 
1,  1850.  His  eminent  services  in  the 
foundation  of  the  University  have  beea 
recognised  by  his  f  ellow-oountrymen  in  the 
erection  of  a  statue  in  his  hcmour  in  th» 
great  hall  of  that  institution.  His  portrtit 
has  also  been  painted  for  the  Chamber  d 
the  Legislative  Assembly.  The  eameit 
dsaire  of  those  who  had  watched  his  career 
to  render  him  honour  is  remaikablj 
shown  in  the  verv  unusual  proceedioc 
of  having  plMedrduriBg  the  UfotimTI 
Mr.  WentwYHrth,  these  woi^s  of  art  ia 
the  halls  of  learning  and  of  legislatioiL 
The  next  great  subject  of  Mr.  Wentwoith'i 
labours  was  the  new  Constitution  in  wludi 
Bicsponsible  Government  was  to  be  em- 
bodied. Of  course  in  seekingthe  piivilep^ 
of  resvponsible  Ooremment,  he  was  hailed 
as  the  leader  of  the  country.  But  when  ke 
came  to  the  details  of  the  Constitution,  he 
again  differed  widely  from  thoae  libenl 
politicians  who  had  been  associated  with 
him  up  to  a  certain  point  On  August  16, 
18d3,  he  moved,  in  a  speech  of  ^^reat  ability, 
the  second  reading  of  the  Constitution  BiU 
which  he  had  framed.  The  Bill  was  paned 
early  in  1854,  and  Mr.  Wentworth  wai 
appointed  in  association  with  Mr.  £.  Dees 
lliomson.  Colonial  Secretary,  to  proceed  to 
England,  to  advocate  the  Bill  before  the 
Imperial  Parliament.  Their  mission  was 
successful ;  and  in  1856  the  new  Constitih 
tion  became  tiie  law  of  the  land*  Whilii 
the  representatives  of  the  people  weiv 
engaged  in  extending  the  basiB  of  the  con- 
stitution by  the  £lect(»al  Law  of  1858,  Mr. 
Wentworth  was  reammmg  in  England; 
and  from  time  to  time  expressed  lus  dis- 
satisfaction at  the  treatment  whidi  the 
Constitution  he  had  draws  up  reoerved  at 
Uie  hands  of  other  politicians.     But  when 


wiacE—wHixraif. 


^19 


beflfpainoftOMOvt  to  bif  nfttive  eountrir  in 
1861,  ail  parties  eomfained  to  w«lieome  kim. 
Hk  raoeplioii  was  a  grand  denumsteatioo  of 
tlie  higk  regard  entertaiBed  for  lubiL  After 
the  mMmi  disaoltttion  of  the  Legudative 
Council  bj  the  eelebrated  mardiii^  out  of 
Sir  Wm.  Burton  and  the  whole  House, 
Mr.  Wentworth  conaented  to  assist  Mr. 
Oowper  in  the  f ofxnatioB  of  a  new  Oouiu^il, 
tad  accosted  the  positLon  of  PresideDt. 
Towank  the  end  of  1862  be  returned  to 
his  family  in  Eiugiaiid;  and  he  did  not 
afterwards  Tisit  this  oeuntry.  He  died  on 
Marah  3Gth,  in  his  dlst  year,  at  Merleigh 
Hoiue,  Wimbouzne,  Dorsetshire.  In 
awordance  with  his  own  long  expressed 
ileflire  his  nemains  were  brought  to  Yau- 
dsae,  to  rest  by  the  waters  of  Port  Jack- 
son. A  public  funeral  was  decreed  in  his 
iKttour  by  the  Parliament  of  his  country. 
Hr.  Wentworth  left  one  son,  who  was  for 
manj  years  a  squatter  in  New  Zealand, 
but  joined  his  ^ther  in  England  le^rtly 
before  his  death.  Mr.  Wentworth  also 
kft  five  daughters. 

WEST,  Rev.  John,  bom  in  1808, 
biosght  up  as  an  Independent  minister, 
sad  laboured  for  some  years  in  this 
fiafttcity  in  England.  In  1839  became 
Mi  to  Tasmania  and  was  minister  of  the 
diorch  in  St  John's  Square  for  sixteen 
jeuB  ;  beoame  a  comqpicuoiis  writer 
ipiost  transportation  ;  wrote  a  ^'  History 
ol  Tasmania,"  in  two  volumes,  which  is 
fltill  r^^arded  as  the  standard  work  of 
iderenoe  on  that  eolony.  In  November, 
1^5,  he  arrived  in  Sydney  to  join  the 
S^fine^  Jiormng  HenM  as  diief  of  their 
literary  stafl^  and  he  held  the  positicm  <^ 
editor  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
was  an  able  writer,  and  he  possessed  con- 
adenbie  tact  and  judgment  He  died  from 
tt  apoplectic  seizure  December  11,  1873. 

WHITE,  Fbakcis,  bom  at  Ravens- 
vorth,  on  the  Hunter,  in  1830,  wm  edu- 
cated at  a  school  in  East  liaitland,  first 
uaisr  ICr.  Gregor  and  then  under  Mr. 
Aitken  After  leaving  sdioc^  he  com- 
zseneed  squatting  pursuits,  and  i^ded  for 
KHne  years  at  Beltrees,  and  afterwards  at 
Gdenglassie,  near  Muswellbrook.  He 
also  took  up  stations  in  liv^rpool  Plains 
and  New  Eng^^^  in  partnershif)  with  two 
^  his  brothers,     fie  had  only  recently 


been  eLeeted  for  the  Upper  Huntet;  in 

1674-S,  when  he  was  taken  ill  after  a 
journey  fecMB  Saumarez,  New  England,  to 
Edenglassie,  and  after  an  illness  of  ok 
weeks  died  May  4,  1875,  deeply  regretted 
for  his  manly  conduct  and  generous  dis- 
position. He  was  married  and  had  seveon 
children. 

WHITMORE,  OoLONBL,  entered  tfe 
army  in  1847  as  ensign  in  the  Qape 
Mounted  Kifles,  and  served  through  the 
Elaffir  wars  and  the*  rebellion  of  the  Dutch 
Boers  until  1853,  and  was,  for  his  services, 
promoted  to  a  Oaptaincy.  In  the  Crimean 
war  he  was  Aide-de-camp  to  Sir  Henry 
Storks,  and  was  afterwards  with  the 
cavalry  of  the  Turkish  conting^it  He 
was  Aide-de-camp  to  Sir  William  Eyre,  in 
Canada,  and  a^ierwards  came  with  Sir 
Duncan  Cameron  to  New  Zealand  as  his 
militaiy  secretary.  A&/^  two  years  he 
retired  and  settled  in  New  Zealand  ;  was 
nominated  to  the  Legislative  Counoii  by 
Sir  George  Grey  and  appointed  to  com- 
mand the  locai  militia  in  the  eastern 
district)  taking  part  in  many  of  the  open^ 
tions.  In  1868  he  held  command  in  Ihe 
colonial  forces  on  both  sides  of  the 
Northern  Island.       He  is  now  Colonial 

WHirrON,  John,  bom  at  Widi:efieldp 
Yorkshire,  in  the  year  1819.  That 
county  and  the  adjoining  one,  Lancashire, 
constitute  the  very  metropolis  of  railway 
construction  and  engineering,  and  in  early 
life  Mr.  Whitton  devoted  hk  attention  to 
enterprises  of  this  kind.  He  had  many 
years'  experience  on  English  railways,  and 
such  was  l^e  reputation  he  acquired  in  the 
oonstruction  of  lines,  that  when  the 
Crovemment  of  New  South  Wales  sent 
home  for  the  best  man  that  could  be  had 
there,  Mr.  Whitton  was  recommended  to 
them.  He  was  then  Engineer  at  the 
Oxford,  Worcester,  and  Wolvwhampten 
lines.  On  the  recommendation  of  the  Preai- 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  the  Govern- 
ment of  this  odtony  aj^xnnted  him 
EngjneerHui-Chief  of  the  New  South  Wake 
Bailways.  He  received  this  appointment 
March  27,  1856.  Ercwa  that  date  he  has 
had  sole  charge,  not  only  of  the  mainten- 
ance of  the  permanent  way  for  sixteen 
years,  but  for  twenty-three  years  of  the 


220 


WILKINS— WILKINSON. 


constractioii  of  all  the  N.S.W.  lines,  except 
the  following  : — Sydney  to  Liverpool, 
Bichmond  to  Windsor,  Newcastle  to  * 
Maitland,  and  the  private  railway 
from  Deniliquin  to  Moama.  Mr.  Whitton 
was  the  means  of  introducing  into 
our  railway  system  the  present  broad 
gauge  of  4  feet  8  inches,  in  opposition  to 
many  opinions  in  favour  of  a  narrower 
ona  To  him  is  due  the  praise  for  the 
construction  of  the  Zigzag  at  Lithgow 
Valley,  which  will  hand  his  name  down 
to  posterity.  Mr.  Whitton  has  written 
elaborate  reports  on  the  railway  systems — 
reports  which  prove  at  once  his  great 
clearness  of  reasoning,  and  his  force  of 
character.  He  has  had  the  satisfaction  of 
seeing  all  his  prognostications  fulfilled, 
both  as  to  the  unfitness  of  plans  which  he 
condemned  and  as  to  the  soundness  of  his 
own  constructions. 

WILKINS,  William,  bom  in  Lom- 
bard-street, London,  1826.  He  was  edu- 
cated for  the  tutorial  profession  in  the 
Battersea  Training  College,  which,  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  Kay,  afterwards 
known  as  Sir  James  Kay  Shuttleworth, 
and  his  successor,  attained  a  high  character 
for  efficiency.  After  leaving  the  training 
college,  Mr.  Wilkins  was  employed  for 
some  years  in  reformatory,  industrial,  and 
day  schools.  Whilst  thus  engaged,  certain 
regulations  of  the  Committee  of  Council, 
commonly  described  as  the  ''  Minutes  of 
1846"  were  promulgated.  In  pursuance 
of  these  ''minutes"  he  was  summoned 
with  others  to  the  first  Government  ex- 
amination of  teachers,  held  under  the 
superintendence  of  Lispectors  Mosely  and 
Thurtell,  and  his  name  subsequently  ap- 
peared amongst  the  four  that  took  the 
highest  place.  Having  in  1849  been  re- 
commended by  his  medical  adviser  to 
remove  to  a  warmer  and  drier  climate, 
Mr.  Wilkins  chose  New  South  Wales  in 
preference  to  several  other  countries  in 
which  situations  were  offered.  He  came 
to  the  colony  early  in  1851,  having  been 
appointed  by  Earl  Grey  to  be  Head  Master 
of  the  Model  National  School.  That 
nobleman  was  in  great  disfavour  with  the 
colonists  at  the  time — a  circumstance 
which  Mr.  Wilkins  found  to  be  by  no 
means    to    his    advantage.     When    Mr. 


Wilkins  entered  upon  the  chai^  of  the 
Model  School  in  Januaiy,  1851,  there 
were  but  two  or  three  trained  teachers  in 
the  colony.  The  office  of  teacher  iteelf 
was  held  in  little  respect,  and  the  par 
attached  to  it  was  but  X40  a  year.  The 
first  step  towards  improvement  in  these 
respects  was  the  introduction  of  the  pupil- 
teacher  system,  by  means  of  which  the 
colony  has  Bince  that  time  been  provided 
with  great  numbers  of  efficient  teachers, 
some  of  whom  have  risen  to  the  highest 
rank  in  the  profession.  In  March,  1874, 
Mr.  Wilkins  was  sent  by  the  late  National 
Board  on  a  special  visit  to  the  schools  in 
the  Hunter  River  district.  Two  im- 
portant changes  resulted  from  that  visit 
A  system  of  examining  and  classifying 
teachers  with  graduated  rates  of  pay- 
ment according  to  ability  was  intro> 
duced,  and,  for  the  first  time  in  Australia, 
Inspectors  of  Schools  were  appointed.  In 
the  same  year  Mr.  Wilkins  was  appointed 
one  of  three  Commissioners  who  were 
empowered  to  visit  and  inspect  all  the 
primary  schools  in  the  colony  that  were 
in  receipt  of  pecuniary  assistance  from  the 
State.  The  report  of  the  Commissionen 
disclosed  the  existence  of  serious  defects 
in  the  schools  visited,  and  suggested  cer- 
tain improvements,  most  of  which  have 
from  time  to  time  been  incorporated  in  the 
educational  system  of  the  colony.  In  1857 
Mr.  Wilkins  suggested  to  the  National 
Board  of  Education  the  expediency 
of  establishing  non-vested  schools.  The 
suggestion  was  adopted,  and  there  fol- 
lowed the  largest  increase  in  the  number 
of  schools  that  the  colony  has  ever  knoivn 
in  a  given  tima  Ten  years  afterwards, 
in  January,  1867,  Mr.  Wilkins  was 
appointed  Secretary  to  the  Council  of 
Education,  and  continues  to  hold  that  office. 
WILKINSON,  C.  S.,  L.S.,  F.G.&, 
Government  Greologist,  New  South  Wales, 
bom  in  Northamptonshire  in  1843,  is  the 
fourth  son  of  the  late  David  Wilkinson,  a 
gentleman  who  was  associated  with  the 
renowned  engineer  Stephenson  in  design- 
ing improvements  in  the  construction  oi 
some  of  the  earliest  locomotive  steam- 
engines.  In  1852,  Mr.  D.  Wilkinson,  G.E., 
left  England  with  his  family  and  settled  as 
an  engineer  in  Melbourne,  Victoria,  where 


WILKINSON. 


221 


he  was  instrumental  in  the  establifihment 
of  the  firat  steamboat  company  on  the 
Upper  Yaira,  and  took  an  i^tive  interest 
in  the  introdudion  of  the  first  railway  and 
docks  in  Melbourne.  He  also  invented 
several  mining  machines  connected  with 
tlie  gold-mining  industry.  Mr.  C.  S.  Wil- 
kinson's early  school  days  were  spent  at 
Eblj,  near  Stroud,  in  Gloucestershire. 
After  arriving  in  Melbourne,  his  education 
was  continued  at  the  collegiate  school  of 
whidi  the  late  Rev.  T.  P.  Tenner,  M.A., 
was  principal.  Here  he  took  prizes  for 
Divinity,  Latin,  French,  (Geography,  Map- 
ping. In  December,  1859,  he  was  offered 
an  appointment,  imsolicited,  in  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  Office,  Mr.  A.  R.  C.  Selwyn, 
F.G.8.,  being  Director  of  the  Survey.  Tliis 
appointment,  so  congenial  to  his  tastes,  he 
at  once  accepted.  In  1861  he  was  ap- 
pointed field  assistant  to  the  late  Mr. 
Richard  Daintree,  C.B.,F.G.S.,  with  whom 
he  was  engaged  upon  the  survey  of  the 
country  extending  northward  from  Bass' 
Straits,  and  including  the  districts  of 
Oeelong,  Bacchus  Marsh,  Werribee,  Ballan, 
Sti^litz,  Meredith,  and  Leigh  Biver.  Al- 
iBost  every  geological  formation  known  in 
Victoria  was  found  to  occur  in  these  dis- 
tricts, which,  as  might  be  expected,  proved 
to  be  a  very  important  field  for  research 
and  discovery  in  elucidating  the  geology 
of  Victoria.  In  1863,  Mr.  Wilkinson,  with 
Mr.  R^A.  F.  Murray  (now  Government 
Geological  Surveyor  in  Victoria)  as  field- 
assistant,  was  dispatched  in  charge  of  a 
p&rty  to  explore  the  then  almost  unknown 
Cape  Otway  Mountains,  which  consist  of 
the  oolitic  coal-formation.  Hia  reports 
and  maps  were  published  in  the  following 
jear.  Amongst  the  interesting  discoveries 
made  during  this  expedition  was  that  of  a 
tiew  Phocodon  or  Squalodon,  SqtuUodon 
WUkineonij  so  named  by  Professor  M'Coy, 
vho  figured  and  described  it  in  the  "  Geo- 
logical Magazine,"  in  the  "Prodromus  of 
the  Pakeontology  of  Victoria,"  and  in  the 
« Amials  of  Natural  History."  In  1866, 
Mr.  Wilkinson  was  appointed  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
R  Damtree,  who  left  the  survey  to  enter 
^pon  a  fresh  field  of  labour  in  Queensland, 
In  the  same  year,  whilst  engaged  upon  the 
geological    survey    of    the  Leigh    Biver 


district,  south  of  Ballarat,  Mr.  Wilkinson 
made  some  important  investigations,  relat- 
ing to  the  deposition  of  gold  and  tJie  for- 
mation of  gold  nuggets.  The  result  of 
these  investigations,  which  he  communica- 
ted in  a  paper  read  before  the  Boyal  So- 
ciety of  Victoria,  has  been  referred  to  by 
Professor  XJlrich,  F.G.S.,  Sir  Boderic 
Murchison,  F.B.S.,  and  other  writers  on 
Mineralogy  and  Geolo^.  Owing  to  ill 
health,  after  a  severe  attack  of  inflamma- 
tion  of  the  lungs,  whilst  examining  with 
Mr.  Selwyn  the  Grampian  Mountains,  Mr. 
Wilkinson  resigned  his  appointment  in 
1868.  Shortly  afterwards,'  the  Geological 
Survey  department  was  discontinued,  and 
Mr.  Selwyn  left  Victoria  to  take  the  direc- 
torship of  the  Geological  Survey  of 
Canada.  During  three  years'  residence  in 
Wagga  Wagga,  New  South  Wales,  Mr. 
Wilkioson  gradually  regained  heallii  suf- 
ficiently to  enable  him  once  more  to  enter 
upon  his  profession.  In  1872  he  passed 
the  examination  for  Licensed  Surveyors  in 
New  South  Wales,  and  was  immediately 
afterwards  sent  by  the  Surveyor-Genend 
to  the  newly-discovered  tin-mining  district 
in  New  England,  where  he  surveyed  a 
new  township,  and,  after  making  other 
surveys,  reported  upon  the  geology  of  the 
tin-bearing  districts  that  he  had  examined. 
In  1874,  whilst  engaged  upon  surveys  in 
the  Murrumbidgee  district,  he  received 
the  appointment  of  Geological  Surveyor, 
under  Mr.  P.  F.  Adams,  Surveyor-General, 
in  the  department  of  the  Minister  for 
Lands.  In  the  beginning  of  1875,  Mr. 
Wilkinson's  office  was  transferred  to  the 
newly-formed  department  of  Mines,  of 
which  Mr.  Harrie  Wood  is  the  Under- 
Secretary.  The  geological  reports  and 
maps  made  by  Mr.  Wilkinson  testify  to 
his  extensive  labours,  especially  in  the 
various  gold-fields  throughout  the  colony ; 
whilst  t£e  fine  collection  of  minerals  and 
fossils  in  the  Museum  of  Mines  was  brought 
together  chiefly  under  his  direction.  His 
discovery  of  new  f obsUs  in  the  gold-drifts 
and  cosd-measures  of  New  South  Wales 
has  been  specially  acknowledged  by  several 
eminent  palieontologists,  who  have  named 
after  him  one  new  genus  and  four  new 
species  of  fossils.  The  eminent  geologist, 
.  the  late  Bev.  W.  B.  Qarke,  M.A.,  F.B.S., 


WILKEffSOH^WILLIAMa 


m  hffi  last  work  on  tiie  geology  of  IXtrw 
South  Wales,  makes  frequent  r^erenoe  to 
Mr.  Wilkinson's  researchea  Mr.  Wilkin- 
cnn  wa»  the  first  to  announce  the  diseovefy 
d  mioeene  IossiIb  in  New  Guinea  from 
examinations  of  the  eollection  made  by  the 
Hon.  W.  Macleay,  M.L.C.,  whose  speci- 
mens, Mid  those  found  subsequently  by 
tiM  explorer,  Signor  D'Albertis,  indicated 
the  existence  of  gold-bearii^  formations. 
I^iortly  afterwards  gold  was  actually  dis- 
covert  in  New  Guinea  l^  Mr.  Goldie  and 
the  Bev.  Mr.  Law^  whose  specimens  Mr. 
Wilkinson  examined  and  described.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  a  FeHow  of  the  Geo- 
logical Society  of  London  ;  aaid  he  is  also  a 
feUow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  New  South 
Wales,  and  of  the  Linntean  Society.  He  was 
appointed  by  the  Government  a  member 
of  the  Philadelj^iia  and  Paris  Exhibitions 
Commissions,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
preparing  collections  worthily  to  represent 
the  mineral  resources  of  New  South  Walea 

WILKINSON,  Rev.  Samuel,  bom  at 
Bidiop  Auckland,  county  Durham,  July 
SI,  1813  ;  was  educated  at  Bishop  Aud^- 
ktnd  Grammar  School  In  1831  he  deter- 
mined to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry. 
After  having  been  on  the  Alnwick  circuit 
for  a  year,  he  was  appointed  to  New 
Soirth  Walea,  where  he  arrived  in  1838, 
and  W8fi  engaged  in  various  fields  of  labour. 
Mr.  Wilkinson  was  first  appointed  to 
Windsor,  and  was  afterwards  sent  to  Mel- 
bourne, being  the  first  Wesleyan  minister 
tent  to  that  city.  He  remained  there  for 
over  a  year ;  has  been  thrice  stationed  at 
Windsor ;  twice  at  Bathurst ;  twice  at 
Illawarra;  twice  at  Maitland;  once  at 
Brisbane,  Camden,  Singleton,  Morpeth, 
Parramatta,  and  Ashfield.  As  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  the  Wesleyan  Churdi 
in  Australia  (for  there  were  only  five 
ministers  at  the  date  of  his  arrival),  and 
(me  of  its  oldest  niinist^*8,  Mr.  Wilkinson 
stands  high  in  the  esteem  and  affection  of 
the  Methodist  people.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  New  South  Wales 
and  Queensland  Conforenoe  of  the  Austra- 
lasian Wesleyan  Methodist  Chftirch. 

WILKINSON,  William  Hattam,  Dis- 
trict Court  Judge,  came  to  New  South 
Wales  in  September,  1852,  where  his  Txncle, 
the  Rev.  Frederick  Wilkhison,  MA.,  was 


one  of  the  early  colonial  chaplains,  and  is 
well  and  honourably  known  in  connection 
with  ihe  eariier  history  of  the  colony.  Mr. 
Wilkinson,  after  bmng  a  pupil  in  the 
Chambers  of  the  late  Mr.  Justice  Wise, 
was  called  to  the  Bar  in  December,  1858. 
When  Mr.  Justice  Wise  was  promoted  to 
the  Supreme  Court  Bench,  1860,  Mr. 
Wilkinson  became  his  Associata  In  1 864, 
Mr.  Wilkinson,  on  the  death  of  the  laCe 
Mr.  C.  EL  Murray,  became  one  of  the 
Parliamentary  draftsmen,  which  appoint- 
ment he  held  till  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  Crown  Prosecutors  in  187G,  and  one 
of  the  Metropolitan  District  Court  Judges 
in  1874,  after  having  temporarily  acted  in 
that  capacity  on  several  occasions  befbre 
that  date.  He  is  also  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  Court  of  Claims.  Jndge 
Wilkinson  is  well  known  as  the  author  ol 
^*  Wilkinson's  Australian  Magistrate,**  the 
first  edition  of  which  was  puUished  in 
1860,  the  second  in  1866,  and  the  third 
in  1876.  He  was  also  the  authorised 
Common  Law  reporter  of  the  divisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court  fwr  eight  years,  and 
the  first  eight  volumes  of  the  Supreme 
Court  Reports  bear  his  name. 

WILLIAMS,  Rev.  T^somab,  bom  at 
Homcastle  in  Lincolnshire,  January,  1817, 
and  educated  at  Lincoln.  In  1836  he 
joined  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  Churdi, 
and  in  1838,  he  with  six  others  was  sent 
out  as  missionaries  to  FijL  There  he  con- 
tinued until,  in  1853,  failing  health  com- 
pelled  him  to  retire,  and  he  came  to  Sydnej. 
Sinee  his  heailth  has  been  restored  he  has 
resumed  worit  in  Victoria.  In  1872,  he 
was  elected  President  of  the  Australasian 
Wesleyan  Methodist  Cwrf erence,  held  In 
Melbourne.  His  work,  conjointly  with  tfcat 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Calvert,  is  a  standard  antho- 
rity  on  Fiji  and  the  neighbouring  islands. 

WILLIAMS,  RioHT  Rev.  Williak, 
D.  C.  L.,  Bishop  of  Waiapu,  bom  in 
1800,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  where  he  graduated  B.A-  in  1824, 
and  D.C.L.  in  1861.  He  became  Areh- 
deacon  of  Waiapu  in  1843,  and  was  con- 
secrated Bishop  in  1859-.  He  has  com- 
piled a  "  Dictionary  of  the  New  Zealand 
Language,"  1849  (second  edition,  1858), 
and  has  written  "  Christianity  among  the 
New  Zealanders,"  1867. 


WILLIS— WILSOlf. 


22S 


WILUSJ^  John  Walpoc^  fiist  reskkiat 
Judge,  Fofft  Pfadlbp  diatnct,  was  a  mm.  of 
tbe  weil^nown  Dr.  Willid,  who  attended 
George  TIT,  in  his  ilJiiea^  and  waa  oele- 
fante^  for  his  skill  in  treating  the  ioaKo^ 
Judge  Willia  was  a  man  ol  eecentnc  dtar- 
acter,  aEid  wken  he  opened  the  Shipreme 
Goort,  Melbourne,  in  1841,  he  intiBMited 
tint  he  woold  inidst  upon  the  attendajioe 
of  Jostiees  o£  the  P^aee  at  all  future  sife- 
tiogs  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  its  criminal 
jimsdictioiL  He  did  this  that  they  mi^t 
hsQi  mmetliing  of  their  judietal  duties; 
tk  Magistrates  not  attending  as  suggested 
be  thrmtened  to  fine  thera  and  hare  their 
OHMS  flfemdc  off  the  Ciommiaaion,  and  have 
oihers  i^painted  in  their  stead.  In  this 
msiuier  cQd  the  Judge  pioceed  until  he 
woBBed  a  strong  feeling  ol  indignation 
against  himself,  amongst  the  gentry  c^  the 
dntrict,  which  ultimately  1^  to  his  re- 
aml  from  the  Bendi  in  1843.  He  died 
k  Sni^and  in  1877. 

WILLOUGHBY,  Howars,  joined  the 
reporting  staff  of  the  Aff$  soml  after  his 
nriral  in  Melbourne  in  1860,  and  subse- 
^lently  jcnned  the  Ar^us ;  was  special 
correspondent  for  that  paper  in  New  Zea- 
kad  during  the  Maori  War.  On  his  return 
to  Melbourne  he  was  dei^»tched  by  the 
JbrguB  to  investigate  tiie  convict  system 
tliere.  His  letters  against  l^ansportotion 
were  of  great  value  to  the  oanae  of  Aboli- 
tioB.  In  1 866  the  €k>vemmeDt>oommenced 
the  publication  of  the  Yictoriu  Hansayrd^ 
snd  he  beeame  one  of  the  official  stafiL 
From  iitts  he  retired  in  1869  on  the 
ertaUiahment  of  the  BaUy  Telegrmpk^  of 
vhich  he  became  editor.  He  remained  in 
charge  till  1877,  when  he  agum  joined  the 
iiyiu  as  a  eontribtttor.  He  has  written 
mvetal  papers  (including  "The  Oiitic  in 
Chuidi"),.  which  have  been  re-published 
vith  success. 

WILLS,  WiLLiAX  Jojnr,  was  bom  at 
Totnea,  in  Devon,  January  5,  1834.  In 
1852  he  enugraited  to  Victoria  with  his 
youngnr  brother,  and  arrived  in  the  "  Janet 
llitcbell,''  January  1,  1863.  Tliey  botth 
heg^  as  shefiheTds  en  the  iSdwards  River 
'  ^  i^  per  anatim.  Not  Hking  this  life, 
Wilis  came  to  Melbourne  and  obtained 
oaployment  as  asurveyor.  In  18S8  he  was 
^'pomfced  maistant  to  Jh^Dfessor  Nesm^er 


at  the  Ofoservatoay,  and  in  Ai^nst, 
1860,  WM  selected  to  aooompany  Burke» 
Th.  'g«at«t  du«terthe  col^^ suffered 
from  this  ill-fated  expedition,  was  the  loss 
oi  such  a  hero  as  W.  J.  Wills,  who  died 
at  Cooper's  Oredc  from  exhaustion  and 
starvatien  in  June,  1861. 

WILMOT,  Sm  John  C.  Ea&dusf, 
Bast.,  was  descended  from  the  ancient 
family  of  the  Eardleys,  o£  Staffordshire 
and  was  grandson  ci  Lord  Chief  Justice 
Wilmet,  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas. 
He  was  for  twenty  years  Chairman  of 
Quarter  Sessions  for  Warwickshire.  Ap> 
pcMsted  Gkwemor  of  Tasmania,  August 
21,  1843,- which  office  he  held  until  October 
13,  1846.  He  died  in  Tasmania  Februajry 
3,  1847. 

WILSON,  EnwARn,  bom  at  Hampstead 
in  1814,  was  educated  at  a  private  sehool 
at  that  place.  He  was  then  plaeed  with 
a  large  Manchester  firm,  and  subsequently 
in  L^don  in  the  Manchester  trade  ;  but 
never  having  liked  this  life,  he  came  out 
to  Australia  in  1842  or  1843.  His  inten- 
tion was  to  settle  in  Sydney,  but  arriving 
first  in  Mdboume,  he  bought  a  small  place 
upon  Merri  Creek,  and  remained  there 
until  1844,  when  in  conjunction  with  Mr. 
J.  S.  Johnston,  he  took  up  a  cattle  station 
near  Dand^umg.  He  wrote  a  series  of  let- 
ters signed  ''Iota,''  criticising  the  Govern- 
ment In  1847  he  became  the  purchaser 
of  the  Argtts  and  of  the  Fairiot  which  was 
absorbed  into  it.  In  1852  he  purchased 
the  Daily  Newm,  which  was  in  like  manner 
absorbed.  Meantime  the  gold  discoveries 
had  taken  plaee,  bat  through  all  the  diffi- 
culties oocasiened  by  them,  he  succeeded  in 
canying  on  the  paper.  He  opposed  the 
influx  of  convicts  from  Tasmania,  which 
led  to  the  "  Conviet  PreTentien  Act"  He 
supported  the  sefMisation  of  Port  Phillip 
firmn  New  So«th  Wales  ;  cooperated  with 
the  founders  of  the  AotirTransportation 
League  formed  in  1851 ;  denounced  the 
ooaduet  of  Governor  Qotham  towards  the 
miners  ;  and  was  the  first  to  raise  the  cry 
of  *' Unlock  the  Landa"  In  1857  he 
returned  to  Bngland,  his  bailing  si^t 
necessitating  rest  He  paid  a  visit  to 
the  colony  in  1858-9^  and  on  his  return 
to  Eng^aBd  he  publkhed  in  1864  <<  Ram- 
bles at  the  Aiak^es."    In  1868  he  took 


224 


WILSON— WmDEYER. 


a  house  at  Hayes,  in  Kent,  where  he  died 
Jan.  1 0, 1 878.  His  remains  were  brought  to 
Australia,  and  he  was  interred  in  the  Mel- 
bourne cemetery  July  7  of  the  same  year. 

WILSON,  Hon.  John  Bowie,  third 
son  of  Iley.  John  Wilson,  D.D.,  bom  at 
Irvine,  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  June  17, 1820 ; 
was  educated  at  Irvine,  and  afterwards  at 
the  Edinburgh  and  Aberdeen  Universi- 
ties ;  arrived  in  Australia  June  17,  1840 ; 
fbrst  entered  Parliament  of  New  South 
Wales  in  the  Session  of  1859,  represent- 
ing the  Southern  Goldfields;  afterwards 
elected  for  Patrick's  Plains,  and  subse- 
quently for  East  Sydney ;  first  accepted 
office  in  the  Martin  ministry  as  Secretary 
for  Lands,  October  16,  1863,  and  retired 
>vith  that  Government,  February  2, 1865  ; 
againaccepted  office  in  the  Martin  ministry, 
January  22,  1866 ;  retired  October  26 j 
1868;  for  the  third  time  accepted  the 
portfolio  of  the  Lands  department  in  the 
Martin  ministry,  December  16,  1870 ; 
retired  when  Mr.  Martin  went  out  of 
office  in  1872.  Mr.  Wilson  distinguished 
himself  by  his  successful  effi^rts  to  secure 
'to  the  people  of  Sydney  extensive  parks 
tind  recreation  grounds,  and  voted  for  the 
abolition  of  State-aid  to  religion.  During 
his  administration  of  the  Lands  departs 
ment,  very  great  improvements  were 
made  in  the  Sydney  Domain  and  also  in 
Hyde  Park. 

WILSON,  Sir  Samuel,  Knt.,  M.L.C., 
of  Ercildoime,  Victoria,  sixth  son  of  the 
late  Samuel  Wilson,  of  county  Antrim, 
Ireland,  was  bom  at  Ballycloughan  in 
1832,  and  educated  at  Ballymena  Aca- 
demy, where  he  showed  a  special  talent 
for  mathematics.  On  leaving  school  he 
had  three  years  experience  with  his 
brother-in-law,  an  extensive  manufacturer 
of  linen,  and  then  commenoed  business  on 
his  own  account.  An  elder  brother  ad- 
vising him  to  go  out  to  Victoria,  where  his 
brothers  had  been  for  thirteen  years,  he 
came  to  Melbourne  in  1852,- and  worked 
at  the  gold-fields- with  some  success.  Feel- 
ing convinced  that  he  could  do  better  in 
pastoral  pursuits,  he  went  to  his  brother's 
stations  on  the  Wimmera.  He  joined  his 
brothers  in  the  purchase  of  Longerenong, 
on  the  Wimmera.  In  1868-9  he  became  the 
purchaser  of  the  whole  of  the  estates  of  the 


firm  of  Wilson  Brothers,  and  six  favourable 
seasons  ensuing,  the  purchase  proved  most 
profitable.*  He  then  sold  his  statioDB,  in- 
vesting instead  in  freehold  property.  He 
continues,  however,  to  hold  station  pro- 
perty in  the  outlying  districts  of  New 
SouUi  Wales  and  Queensland.  Since  1875 
he  has  represented  the  Western  Province 
in  the  Upper  House  of  Victoria^  He  has 
shown  great  interest  in  acclimatisation,  and 
has  assisted  in  introducing  salmon  into  the 
colony.  In  1874  he  presented  the  Univer- 
sity of  Melbourne  with  a  donation,  now 
amounting  with  interest  to  J&3 6,000,  for 
the  purpose  of  building  an  academical  hall 
In  1875  he  was  knighted.  He  married  in 
1861  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  W.  Campbell, 
and  has  four  sons  and  three daughtersliving. 

WINDEYER,  Charles,  eldest  son  of 
Walter  Windeyer,  bom  in  Stafibrdshire 
in  1780,  was  the  first  recognised  reporter 
in  the  House  of  Lords,  and  a  law  repor- 
ter to  the  Law  Chronicle  and  other  London 
papers.  He  emigrated  to  this  colony,  with 
a  view  to  permanent  residence  as  a  country 
settler  in  1828,  but  persons  of  legal  ex- 
perienoe  being  required  by  the  Govern- 
ment  of  the  day,  he  accepted  the  ofBce  of 
Clerk  of  the  Bench  at  Sydiiey,  and  was 
shortly  afterwards  gazetted  as  Police 
Magistrate  for  Sydney,  the  duties  of  which 
office  he  discharged  with  great  ability  to 
within  a  short  period  of  his  death  in  1855. 

WINDEYER,  Richard,  bom  in  Lon- 
don, August  10,  1806,  was  the  eldest 
son  of  Charles  Windeyer.  Began  life  in 
England  as  a  writer  and  Parliamentary 
Reporter  for  the  Morning  Chronicle, 
Times f  and  other  London  papers;  ori- 
ginated Todd's  Parliamentaiy  Companion, 
and  as  a  friend  of  Colonel  Feronett 
Thomson  took  part  in  the  Brat  agitation 
against  the  Com  Laws.  Was  admitted  a 
Barrister  of  the  Middle  Temple  in  1834, 
and  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Wanlell,  and  the 
retirement  of  Mr.  Wentworth  from  the 
Sydney  Bar,  he  emigrated  to  this  colony 
with  the  intention  of  permanent  settlement. 
Arrived  in  Sydney  in  1835,  and  became  a 
leading  barrister.  Was  elected  to  the 
first  Legislative  Council  as  Member  for 
Durham  in  1843.  Took  an  active  part  as 
a  member  of  the  popular  party  in  its 
struggles  for  political  fireedom,  and  was  the 


WINDEYER 


226 


mtfiBito  asBOciate  of  Wentwoxih,  Bland, 
Lowe,  aoid  Dr.  Lang.  Contested  at  law 
the  right  of  the  Qoyemment  to  enforce 
the  payment  of  quit-rents,  and  suffered 
in  execution  to  be  put  into  his  house 
in  his  reeistanoe.  Was  prominent  in 
qnestioiiB  of  financial  and  educational 
interest^  and  from  his  unflinching  advocacy 
of  retiendhment  was  regarded  as  the 
Joseph  Hume  of  the  peurty.  He  intro- 
duced the  present  libel  Act,  XI  Yic.  No. 
13,  and  other  measures,  and  was  the 
writer  of  the  ''Monetary  Confusion 
Beport"  of  1843.  He  died  in  Launceston, 
Tasmania,  December  2,  1847. 

WINDEYER,  Hon.  William  Charles, 
M.P.,  Attomey-Greneral  for  New  South 
Wiales,  barnster-at-law,  bom  at  West- 
minster, September  29,  1834,  only  son  of 
Richard  Windejer.  Came  to  the  colony 
witii  his  parents  in  1 835.  Spent  his  school 
days  with  Mr.  Cape  and  at  King's  School, 
Parnunatta;  entered  the  University  of 
Sydney  on  its  opening  in  1852  ;  im- 
mediately took  a  general  scholarship  and 
afterwards  a  special  scholarship  for  pro- 
ficiency in  classics.  Won  every  year  the 
Eogiish  essay  prize  first  given  by  Dr. 
Woolley  and  afterwards  founded  by  Mr. 
Wentworth  as  a  medaL  Graduated  with 
distinction  in  classics  at  the  head  of  his 
year  in  1856,  taking  also  a  first  class  in 
Mental  Philosophy,  and  is  the  senior  of 
all  Australian  graduates,  having  taken  the 
degree  of  M.A.  in  1859.  Studied  for  the 
Bu-  in  the  Chambers  of  Mr.  Broadhurst, 
Q.C.,  and  was  admitted  in  March,  1857. 
Became  a  writer  and  law  reporter  for 
the  Empire  newspaper,  then  conducted 
by  Mr.  Parkes.  Was  appointed  sole 
Crown  Prosecutor  for  the  whole  of  the 
coontry  districts  in  January,  1859.  At 
the  call  of  a  public  meeting,  resigned  his 
Crown  Prosecutorship  and  contested  the 
Electorate  of  Paddington  with  Sir  D. 
Cooper,  who  defeated  him  by  47  votes. 
In  the  same  general  election  he  was 
elected  for  the  Lower  Hunter,  defeating 
the  former  Member,  Captain  Williamson, 
hj  a  large  majority.  Elected  to  Parlia- 
ment in  August,  1859,  as  a  Member  of 
the  first  House  returned  under  the  Elec- 
toral Act  of  1858,  Mr.  Windeyer  advo- 
cated   the    abolition    of     State-aid    to 


religion,  the  limitation  of  Chinese  Immi- 
gration, and  the  introduction  of  the  Free 
Selection  principla  On  the  dissolution 
of  Parliament  in  1860,  was  elected  for 
West  Sydney.  In  1860,  initiated  the 
Volunteer  movement,  by  calling  a  public 
meeting  at  the  Yiotoria  Theatre  at  which 
resolutions  favourable  to  its  formation 
were  passed  ;  and  was  afterwards  elected 
Captain  in  the  Force,  and  gazetted  Major 
in  1868.  Was  wrecked  in  the  "  City  of 
Sydney"  whilst  returning  from  Melbourne, 
where  he  had  shot  as  one  of  the  champion 
team  of  New  South  Wales,  and  faUing  into 
ill  health  resigned  his  seat  for  West 
Sydney.  In  January,  1866,  was,  against 
his  wishes,  and  in  his  absence  from 
Sydney,  elected  for  West  Sydney,  def eai>- 
ing  Mr.  John  Bobertson  on  his  seeking 
ro-election  when  taking  office  as  Secretary 
for  Landa  Became  a  supporter  of  the 
Martin-Parkes  administration  and  warmly 
advocated  the  Public  Schools  Act  of  1866. 
Having  declined  six  overtures  of  office 
made  to  him  by  Mi;  Cowper,  Mr.  Plunkett, 
Mr.  Forster,  and  Sir  J.  Bobertson,  on 
the  formation  of  different  administrations, 
he  accepted  office  as  Solicitor-Greneral 
under  Sir  James  Martin,  December  16, 
1870.  Was  defeated  for  West  Sydney 
on  the  dissolution  of  Parliament  in  1872. 
Was  elected  the  first  Member  for  the 
University  of  Sydney,  September  8,  1876. 
Accepted  office  as  Attorney-General  in  the 
administration  of  Sir  H.  Parkes,  in  March, 
1877,  and  was  again  elected  without 
opposition  as  Member  for  the  University. 
Besigned  office  August  16,  1877,  and  was 
again  elected  for  the  University  without 
opposition  on  the  dissolution  of  Parliament 
in  1878.  Entered  office  again  as  Attorney- 
General  in  the  coalition  Government  of 
Sir  Henry  Parkes  and  Sir  John  Bobert- 
son, December  21,  1878.  Elected  a 
member  of  the  University  Senate  at  the 
first  convocation  in  1865,  and  as  a  Senator 
carried  resolutions  upon  which  the  public 
examinations  of  the  University  were  es- 
tablished. In  1878,  carried  resolution 
in  the  Aussembly  for  the  establishment  of 
Grammar  Schools  in  Bathurst,  Maitland, 
and  Goulbum,  and  the  founding  of  the 
Public  Exhibitions  enabling  poor  but 
clever  boys  to  proceed  from  the  Publio 


226 


WISDOM— WOOD. 


Schools  to  the  Grammar  Schools,  and 
thence  to  the  XJniYersity,  and  also  car- 
ried resolutions  affirming  the  justice 
of  extending  the  advantages  of  higher 
education  to  girls,  and  the  expediency 
of  founding  a  Girls'  High  Sdiool  in 
'Sydney.  Was  elected  a  Trustee  of  the 
Sydney  Grammar  School  in  1873,  and 
President  of  the  Sydney  Mechanics'  School 
of  Arts,  in  1874.  Was  President  and 
drew  up  the  report  of  the  Public 
Charities  Commission  in  1873,  and  took 
an  active  part  as  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mission appointed  to  revise  the  Criminal 
Law  in  1870.  Introduced  the  Act  ena- 
bling members  of  the  Australian  Bar  to 
hold  the  judicial  office,  the  Carriers'  Act, 
the  Married  Women's  Property  Act,  and 
the  Copyright  Act  In  1862,  moved 
resolutions  in  the  Aj3sembly  preserving 
Belmore  Park,  Church  Hill,  and  Flagstaff 
HiLl,  as  reserves  for  public  recreation, 
when  the  fb:^  was  advertised  for  sale  by 
the  Government ;  and  in  1878  moved  a 
similar  resolution  with  regard  to  Clarke, 
Kodd,  and  Sohnapper  Islands,  and  all  land 
at  the  head  of  Long  Bay,  on  the  destruc- 
tion of  timber  on  Clarke  Island  being  com- 
menced. In  1874,  originated  the  Discharged 
Prisoners'  Aid  Society,  and  in  1876  was 
appointed  an  Acting  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  for  two  circuits.  Was  married 
December  31,  1857,  to  Mary  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  IL  T.  Bolton,  vicar 
of  Padbury,  Bucks,  and  sometime  of 
Hexham,  New  South  Wales.  He  has 
eight  children  Kving. 

WISDOM,  Robert,  M.P.,  bom  in 
Blackburn,  Lancashire,  England,  January 
31,  1830,  arrived  in  Australia  at  the  age 
of  four,  with  his  parents;  educated  at 
Maitland  and  at  the  Sydney  College ; 
admitted  to  the  Bar,  1861 ;  entered  Parliar 
ment  in  1859  for  the  Western  Gold-fields, 
being  the  first  member  for  that  electorate, 
after  the  passing  of  the  Act  to  give  repre- 
sentatives to  gold-diggers,  having  for  this 
purpose  resigned  his  office  of  Gold  Com- 
missioner (which  he  had  held  only  for  a  few 
months),  in  response  to  a  numerously 
signed  requisition  ;  has  been  continuously 
a  member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
except  during  one  Parliament ;  repre- 
sented the  Western  Gold-fields   in    two 


Parliaments,  the  Lower  Hunter  in  two 
Parliaments,  and,  on  the  last  oocasioQ, 
represented  the  Northern  Gold-fields,  but 
resigned ;  was  for  a  short  time  Crown 
Prosecutor,  but  in  response  to  a  requisition, 
he  resigned,  in  1874,  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
testing the  election  for  Morpeth,  which  he 
twice  represented,  being,  at  the  later 
election,  returned  unopposed ;  was  Chair- 
man of  Committees  in  the  Asaemblj  for 
nearly  four  years.  In  the  formation  of 
Cabinets,  the  offer  of  portfolios  as  Attoniey- 
G«neral,  Minister  for  Justice,  Minister 
for  Lands,  Minister  for  Works,  and  Colo- 
nial Treasurer,  have  been  made  to  Mr. 
Wisdom  on  six  occajsions  respectively  by 
Mr.  W.  Forster,  Sir  C,  Cowper,  Sir  John 
Robertson,  Mr.  Stuart,  Mr.  FameU,  and 
Sir  H.  Parkes;  but  he  has  persistently 
refused  acceptance,  preferring  indepen- 
dence and  attention  to  the  duties  of  his 
profession  to  the  position  df  a  Minister  of 
the  Crown.  He  was  by  one  vote  defeated 
for  the  Speakership  of  the  House  by  Sir 
G.  Wigram  Allen ;  in  1878  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Council  of  Education. 
Mr.  Wisdom  has  been  a  magistrate  of  the 
colony  since  1859. 

WISE,  Edward,  bom  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  August  13,  1818 ;  educated  at 
Rugby,  and  then  studied  for  the  Bar,  to 
which  he  was  called  in  1844.  He  travelled 
the  Western  Circuit  for  several  yean, 
during  which  time  he  edited  the  Law 
Beports  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench, 
and  a  work  on  the  Law  of  Riots  and  on 
Bankruptcy.  He  anived  in  Sydney  in 
1855,  was  appointed  Solioitor-Greneral  in 
1857,  and  Attomey-Greneral  in  1859,  and 
in  Feb.,  1860,  was  made  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  His  health  giving  way 
he  went  on  September  22, 1865,  for  change 
to  Melbourne,  but  too  late  to  benefit 
by  it  He  died  at  St  Kilda  on  the  28tiL 
He  was  an '  earnest  promoter  of  Uie 
division  of  literature  amongst  the  working 
classes.  He  presented  his  valuable  col- 
lection of  books  to  the  Sydney  Free  Pablic 
Library. 

WOOD,  Harrie,  bom  at  Kensington 
London,  February  12,  1831,  where  hk 
father  held  an  important  position  in  the 
Imperial  Service.  Attracted  by  the  news 
of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Australia,  he 


WOODS- WOOLLEY. 


227 


kit  KnglftTwl  and  landed  in  Yiotoiia  in 
1854.  Immediately  upon  his  arrival  he 
was  offered  an  appointment  in  the  Govern- 
ment Service  by  His  Excellency  Mr. 
Litrobe,  but  preferred  to  at  once  embark 
in  mining  pursuits.  After  mining  upon 
Bereral  of  the  Victorian  gold-fields  Mr. 
Wood  eventually  settled  at  Ballarat.  He 
was  in  1858  appointed  Secretary  to 
tJie  Mining  Board  at  Ballarat,  which 
vas  brought  into  existence  under  a  new 
mining  lav.  In  1861  Mr.  Wood  devised  a 
adbeme  for  the  registration  of  mining  titles 
of  which  the  Mmister  for  Mines  highly 
^yproved,  and  at  once  requested  Mr. 
Wood  to  accept  the  position  of  District 
Mioing  Registrar  (in  which  capacity  he 
bad  the  supervision  of  all  the  Begislarars 
in  the  Ballarat  Mining  district)  with  a 
view  to  initiate  the  new  system  of  regis- 
tntbn  and  bring  it  into  working  order. 
He  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the 
Ballarat  Benevolent  Asylum.  Mr.  Wood 
vaa  the  projector  of  the  Ballarat  School  of 
Mines  (of  which  he  has  been  made  a  life 
member)  which  has  proved  of  so  much  prac- 
tical value  to  the  mining  community,  and 
may  be  r^arded  as  the  only  effective  school 
of  the  kind  in  Australia.  When  €he  Mining 
department  of  New  South  Wales  was 
established  under  the  Mining  Act  of  1874, 
the  appointment  of  Under  Secretary  was 
oonfmed  upon  him.  Since  he  has  filled 
the  position  of  Under-Secretary  for  Mines 
Mr.  Wood  has  compiled  several  valuable 
Rports  upon  the  mining  industry  of  this 
colony,  the  first  of  whic^,  entitled  "  Mines 
uhI  Mineral  Statistics  of  New  South 
Wales,"  was  specially  compiled  for  the 
Philadelphia  Octennial  Exhibition. 

WOODS,  Rbv.  Julian  E.  Tenisok- 
F.6.&,  F.L.a,  third  surviving  son  of  the 
l«te  J.  D.  Woods,  Q.C.,  F.aA.,  of  the 
Inoer  Temple,  for  many  years  one  of  the 
n^h^tors  of  the  London  Times,  and 
BttQager  of  the  Parliamentary  staff  of 
that  jomnaL  Bom  1832,  near  London 
(Snrrey),  England ;  studied  at  Newington 
Gnnunar  School,  ^en  with  tutors.  Sub- 
'•eqnently  was  placed  under  Canon  Oakely, 
^Qt(»  of  Baliol  College,  Oxford  Did  not 
gndnate^  having  identified  himself  with 
I^octon  Newman,  Faber,  and  others  in  the 
cdehrated   Oxford    '<  Tract    Movement'' 


Joined  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  studied 
theology  in  the  south  of  France;  ordained 
in  1856 ;  proceeded  to  Australia  in  con- 
sequence of  ill  health,  and  was  employed 
as  travelling  missionary,  from  1857, 
amongst  his  co-religionists  and  the  then 
wild  natives  in  the  little  known  country 
between  South  Australia  and  Victoria. 
Next  became  Yicar-Greneral  in  Adelaide, 
where  he  established  a  Catholic  school 
system,  and  organised  a  teaching  Order 
of  Sisters  of  St  Joseph,  which  is 
spread  over  various  colonies.  Is  author 
of  ^^Oeological  Observations  in  South 
Australia";  "History  of  the  Discovery 
and  Exploration  of  Australia,"  2  vols.  ; 
"Geology  of  Portland";  "Not  Quite 
so  Old  as  the  Hills";  "North  Aus- 
tralia, and  its  Physical  Oeography ";  "  A 
Geography  for  Catholic  Schools";  "A 
Grammar  for  Catholic  Schools";  "Aus- 
tralian Essays";  "Australian  Biblio- 
graphy ;"  andhassentmanypapersto  various 
learned  societies  on  the  geology,  botany^ 
conchology,  and  natui'al  history  of  Aus- 
tralia, and  especially  of  Tasmania.  Mr. 
Tenison- Woods  has  long  been  a  contri- 
butor of  scientific  reviews  to  the  journals 
of  New  South  Wales  and  Victoria ;  was 
editor  of  the  Southern  Cross,  and  then  of 
the  Chaplet,  religious  serials  of  his  own 
denomination ;  furnished  geological  plans 
and  sections  to  the  Government  engineers 
of  South  Australia  for  railway  purposes 
between  Victoria  and  Adelaide.  He  is  an 
Honorary  Member  of  the  Eoyal  Societies  of 
New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  Tasmania; 
Adelaide  Philosophical  Society ;  Queens- 
land Philosophical  Society;  and  many 
others.  He  is  also  President  of  the  Lin- 
nean  Society  of  New  South  Wales  for 
this  year,  and  now  resides  in  New  South 
Wales,  acting  as  missionary  amongst  his 
co-religionists.  He  was  made  an  Honorary 
Member  of  the  New  Zealand  Institute, 
February,  1879. 

WOOLLEY,  Rev.  John,  D.C.L., 
Oxon.,  son  of  George  WooUey,  M.D.,  of 
London,  and  Charlotte,  daughter  of  W. 
Gall,  Esq.,  of  Lewes,  Sussex ;  bom  at 
Petersfield,  Hampshire,  February  28, 1816. 
After  completing  his  school  studies,  he 
entered  the  London  University  in  1830, 
and  there  passed. first  class  in  every  sub- 


228 


WOOLIA 


ject  he  took  up,  and  von  a  first  prize  in 
logic  In  1832  he  went  to  Oxford,  where 
he  gained  an  open  scholarship  at  Exeter 
Collega  Whilst  there  he  wrote  a  small 
work  on  logic,  which  was  for  some  years 
very  generally  used,  and  was  referred  to 
by  Sir  William  Hamilton  in  on0  of  his 
works.  At  Oxford  a  warm  friendship 
arose  between  him  and  Dean  Stanley,  who 
was  a  contemporary  Fellow  of  University 
College.  Amongst  his  pupils  at  Oxford 
was  Bawlinson,  afterwards  Camden  Pro- 
fessor of  Ancient  History,  a  man  some 
years  older  than  himsell  In  1842  was 
appointed  head-master  of  King  Edward 
the  Sixth's  Grammar  School,  at  Hereford 
In  July  of  this  year  he  married  Mary 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Major  Turner,  of 
the  13th  light  Dragoons.  In  1844-5  he 
was  elected  head-master  of  the  Northern 
Church  of  England  School,  at  Bossall, 
Lancashire,  corresponding  to  Marlborough 
fortheSoutL  Whilst  at  Bossall  (in  1846) 
he  applied  for  the  headship  of  the  Uni- 
versity at  Corfu,  and  obtained  the  ap- 
pointment The  Greek  priests,  however, 
petitioned  against  the  appointment  of  an 
English  clergyman,  and  he  therefore  re- 
signed it,  Sir  George  Bowen,  the  late 
Governor  of  Victoria  (who  stood  next  on 
the  list)  succeeding  him.  In  1849  he 
succeeded  to  the  head-mastership  of  Nor- 
wich Grammar  School,  and  in  January, 
1852,  having  been  appointed  Principal  of 
the  Sydney  University,  he  arrived  in  this 
colony  in  June,  1852  j  delivered  an  inau- 
gural oration  at  the  opening  of  the  Uni- 
versity in  October,  1852,  in  the  Hall  of 
the  new  Sydney  Grammar  School,  and 
from  that  time  till  his  leaving  the  colony, 
in  1865,  on  a  visit  to  England,  discharged 
the  duties  of  Professor  of  Classics  and 
Logic  in  the  University,  where  his  enthu- 
siasm m  the  cause  of  education,  and  his 
broad  views  on  all  questions — social,  poli- 
tical, and  religious — exercised  a  material 
influence  on  his  pupils.  In  1866  was 
elected  President  of  the  Sydney  Mechanics' 
School  of  Arts.  In  1862  published  a 
volume  entitled  ^'Lectures  delivered  in 
Australia."  Was  one  of  the  original 
trustees  of  the  Sydney  Grammar  School, 
in  the  organization  of  which  he  spent 
much  time  and  labour.      Wajs  the  first 


propounder  of  a  scheme  for  connectiiig 
the  primary  schools  of  the  colony  with 
the  University,  to  which  practical  eSdd 
has  siaoe  been  given  in  the  establishment 
of  the  public  examinations.  Was  lost  in 
the  steamship  '*  London,"  which  founderad 
in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  Jan.  11,  1866.  His 
untimely  death  was  greatly  lamented,  and 
a  public  testimonial  of  £2,000  was  raised 
as  a  tribute  of  admiration  for  his  serrioeB 
in  the  cause  of  education,  and  presented 
to  his  widow.  Portraits  of  Dr.  WooUej 
are  in  the  University  of  Sydney,  and 
Mechanics'  School  of  Arts. 

WOOLLS,  Rev.  William,  Ph.  Dr., 
A.L.M.,  F.L.S.,  bom  in  Winchester,  in 
Hampshire,  March,  1814,  being  the  nine- 
teenth child  of  the  late  Mr.  Edward 
Woolls,  who  for  many  years  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  in  that  place.  For 
his  early  tiuining  he  was  indebted  to  the 
Kev.  Thomas  Soud,  B.A.,  master  of  the 
Grammar  School,  Bishop's  Waltham,  and 
to  his  god&ther,  the  Bev.  Thomas  West- 
combe,  M.A.,  minor  canon  of  Winchester 
Cathedral,  and  for  some  time  one  of  the 
masters  of  the  college  in  that  dty;  but 
owing  to  the  death  of  his  parents,  he  was 
unable  to  pursue  the  course  which  had  been 
marked  out  for  him,  and  at  the  early 
age  of  sixteen  was  thrown  upon  lus  own 
resources.  Having  waited  for  nearly  a 
year  in  the  vain  hope  of  obtaining  a  cadet- 
ship  in  the  East  India  Company's  service, 
through  the  influence  of  the  late  Duke  of 
Buckingham  and  Chandos  he  was  induced 
to  try  his  fortune  in  New  South  Wales. 
At  an  early  age,  or  about  a  year  before 
he  left  England  in  1831,  he  had  published 
a  poem  on  his  native  city ;  a  second  juvenile 
effort,  entitled  "  The  Country,"  and  a  small 
volume  of  miscellaneous  pieces  in  prose 
and  verse ;  whilst  on  the  passage  to  the 
colony  he  had  composed  a  poem  on  ^^The 
Voyage  to  New  South  Wales."  Having, 
therefore,  a  taste  for  literaxy  pursuits,  he 
was  led  to  accept  from  the  Rev.  Bobert 
Forrest,  M.A.,  the  first  head-master  of 
King's  School,  Famunatta,  the  oSst  of 
an  appointment  in  that  institution  ii 
1832.  The  late  Bishop  Broughton  had 
accidentally  seen  the  poem  on  ''The 
Voyage  to  New  South  Wales,"  and  had 
recommended  the  writer  to  Mr«  Fozrest's 


WOOLLS. 


22d 


&TOnrable  consideratioiL  Whilst  Mr. 
WooUb  was  at  King's  School — about  four 
jean — ^he  published  a  poem  on  ''Austra- 
lia," dedicated  to  Sir  Edward  Pany, 
and  a  volume  of  **  Miscellanies,"  dedicated 
to  his  brother-in-law,  the  Key.  Peter  Hall, 
M.A.,  of  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  well- 
known  as  the  author  of  '*  A  Harmony  of 
the  Protestant  Confessions"  and  other 
theological  works.  At  the  same  period  Mr. 
WiUiud  Forster,  M.P.,  was  a  pupil  at  the 
Kingfs  School,  and,  at  Mr.  Woolls's  sug- 
gestion, the  prize  was  awarded  to  that 
gentleman  for  the  best  poem  at  the  yearly 
examination.  On  leaving  King's  School 
Mr.  WooUs  was  engaged  for  some  little 
time  in  private  tuition,  which  had  been 
provided  for  him  by  the  Rev.  R.  Forrest, 
and  in  writing  for  the  Sydney  Press ;  but 
at  the  earnest  request  of  the  late  Mr.  W. 
T.  C^pe,  who  was  the  head-master  of  the 
old  Sydney  College,  he  was  induced  to  ac- 
cept the  situation  of  classical  master  in  that 
institution.  Whilst  in  that  capacity  he 
wrote  occasional  papers  for  the  Colonisf, 
the  Tefnperance  MagaaineyBixd  other  period- 
icals ;  and  was  one  of  the  first  to  notice  the 
alnUty  of  Sir  James  Martin,  whose  juvenile 
works  he  fayourably  reviewed  in  the 
ColmuL  Owing  to  some  misunderstanding 
with  the  committee  of  the  College,  Mr. 
Woolls  resigned  the  situation  of  classical 
master,  and  on  leaving  the  institution  he 
rooeived  from  the  boys  a  handsome  recog- 
nition of  his  services.  From  that  pejiod 
ontil  18d5  he  had  a  scholastic  establish- 
ment of  his  own,  which  he  carried  on  in 
Parramatta,  with  the  exception  of  two 
short  removals  to  Blacktown  and  the  Glebe ; 
he  also  at  that  time  contributed  occa- 
sbnal  papers  to  the  Atlas  and  the  Chris- 
tian Stcmdardy  the  latter  of  which  was 
then  conducted  by  the  Rev.  W.  Boyce. 
His  claims  to  public  notice  and  sympathy 
test  principally  on  his  botanical  works,  by 
which  he  has  laboured  to  develop  the 
^^table  resources  of  the  colony,  and  to 
make  them  known  in  Continental  Euix>pe. 
Having  become  acquainted  with  the  Rev. 
^  Tames  Walker,  M.A.,  formerly  head- 
master .of  King's  School,  an  eminent 
natnialist  as  well  as  a  classical  scholar, 
lad  saboequently  with  Baron  F.  von 
Mfiflfler,  the  faHbmed  botanist  and  ex- 


plorer, Mr.  Woolls  followed  up  their 
assistance  and  co-operation  so  succesa- 
fully  that  he  published  from  time  to  time 
many  elaborate  papers  on  the  botany  of 
Australia.  His  work  entitled  '<  A  Con- 
tribution to  the  Flora  of  Australia  "  is  well 
known  in  the  scientific  world.  As  Presi- 
dent of  the  Cumberland  Mutual  Improve- 
ment Society,  Mr.  Woolls  has  delivered 
in  Parramatta  numerous  addresses  on 
various  subjects,  and  several  before  the 
Horticultural  Society.  A  paper  on  ''  In- 
troduced Plants''  was  communicated  to  the 
Linnsean  Society  by  the  President,  and 
received  a  flattering  acknowledgment. 
Mr.  Woolls  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the 
TiinnKain  Society,  and,  through  his  brother- 
in-law,  who  transndtted  his  work  Species 
Plwnlcvrwn  Pcara/maUenaixMn  and  other 
publications  to  Gottingen,  that  celebrated 
University  conferred  on  him  the  -hono- 
rary degrees  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  and 
Master  of  the  Liberal  Arts,  and  printed 
the  former  work  for  distribution  amongst 
European  botanists.  Dr.  Woolls,  on  Uie 
especial  recommendation  of  the  late  Rev. 
Sajnuel  Marsden,  was  offered  ordination 
in  the  Church  of  England  by  Dr.  Wilson, 
Bishop  of  Calcutta,  and  subsequently 
by  the  first  Bishop  of  Australia,  but 
shrinking  from  the  responsibility  of  the 
ministerial  office,  he  for  a  long  period 
preferred  scholastic  duties.  His  little 
book  on  the  ''Life  and  Character  of 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Marsden,"  was  written 
for  a  local  purpose,  namely,  that  of 
raising  funds  towards  the  building  of 
All  Saints'  church,  Parramatta,  of  which 
Dr.  Woolls  became  one  of  the  first 
trustees,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  H.  H. 
Macarthur,  Mr.  J.  B.  Bettington,  and  Dr. 
Anderson.  Mr.  Woolls  wrote  a  poem  on 
the  subject  of  the  incorporation  of  the 
foundation  of  the  Sydney  TJniversiiy,  at 
the  time  a  Bill  was  introduced  for  that 
purpose  by  the  late  Mr.  W.  C.  Wentwortli. 
In  1873  Dr.  Woolls  was  induced  to  take 
holy  orders  in  the  Church  of  England,  and 
was  ordained  by  Dr.  Barker,  Bishop  of 
Sydney,  being  appointed  to  the  incum- 
bency of  Richmond,  and  subsequently,  on 
the  resignation  of  the  Rev.  C.  F.  Gainsey, 
to  the  rural  deanery  of  the  same  district, 
since  when  he  has  applied  himself  dili- 


230 


WYNYARD— YOUNG. 


gentlj  to  parochial  dutie&  During  this 
period  Dr.  Woolls  has  suooeeded  in  raising 
funds  to  pay  ofi  a  debt  on  the  church  and 
to  erect  a  good  substantial  schoolroom. 
In  his  leisure  hours  he  has  continued  to 
devote  himself  to  literary  and  scientific 
pursuits,  and  has  published  a  number  of 
sermons,  lectures,  and  addresses  on  various 
local,  scientific,  and  philological  subjects, 
including  a  very  interesting  lecture  on 
"  The  Wonders  of  Australian  Vegetation," 
and  another  on  "  The  Variations  of  Species 
considered  in  reference  to  the  Variations 
of  Languaga"  The  volumes  of  the 
**  Flora  Australiensis"  and  Baron  Miieller's 
"Fragmenta  Phytographiee  Australia" 
show  that  Dr.  Woolls  has  furnished  many 
specimens  of  Australian  plants  for  des- 
cription to  Mr.  Bentham  and  Baron 
Mueller,  and  has  further  contributed  by 
his  knowledge  to  the  elucidation  of  many 
points  in  connection  with  Australian  vege- 
tation. 

WYNYARD,  Major-General  Edward 
Buckley,  C.R,  son  of  Lieutenant-General 
William  Wynyard,  bom  at  Kensington 
Palace,  Dec.  23,  1788.  He  entered  the 
Army  in  1803,  in  the  1st  Foot  Guards,  and 
was  actively  employed  in  various  places ; 
was  severely  wounded  at  Scmita  Maura, 
March  22,  1810,  which  prevented  him  from 
going  to  Bergen-op-Zoom  in  the  following 
year.  He  retired  on  half-pay  in  1837;  on 
Nov.  23,  1841,  was  made  Major-General, 
and  in  1847  appointed  to  command  the 
troops  in  New  South  Wales,  Van  Diemen's 
Land  and  New  Zealand.  Wynyard  Square, 
Sydney,  was  named  after  him. 

YOUNG,  Sir  Henry  Edward  Fox, 
Kirr.,  C.B.,  third  son  of  the  late  Colonel 
A.  W.  Young,  for  some  time  Governor  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  was  bom  in  1810; 
held  the  post  of  lieutenant-Govemor  of 
the  Eastern  Province,  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
from  which  he  was  transferred  in  1848  to 
the  Governorship  of  South  Australia, 
where  he  assumed  office,  August  2nd  of 
that  year ;  held  the  reins  of  government 
of  the  colony  until  December  20,  1854 ; 
and  was  then  appointed  successor  to  Sir 
William  Denison,  as  Governor  of  Tas- 
mania, January  8,  1855.  Sir  Henry 
Young  remained  in  Tasmania  until  Decem- 
bers^ 1851,  when  be  i-etired. 


YOUNG,    Sir   John.     [See   Libgab, 
Lord.] 

YOUNG,  John,  the  eminent  Australian 
builder  and  contractor,  was  bom  in  1827 
at  Foot's  Cray,  county  of  Kent,  England. 
His  father  and  most  of  his  relatives  were 
contractors  or  engaged  in  one  or  other 
department  of  construction.  John  Young 
was  familiar  with  building  operations  at  a 
very  early  stage  in  his  career,  and  took  a 
pride  in  malmig  lathes  before  he  had 
attained  his  thirteenth  year.  At  15  going 
as  an  improver  at  Dartf ord,  the  first  week 
the  carpenters  struck,  when  he  took  several 
labourers,  and  put  in  the  joists  of  the 
Wesleyan  Church,  thereby  allowing  the 
bricklayers  to  continue  their  work.  For 
this  he  was  threatened  by  the  carpenten, 
and  he  at  once  went  to  London  to  the 
firm  of  Winsland  and  Co.,  Bloomsburj, 
where  after  a  few  months  he  was  promoted 
to  setting  out  work  and  afterwards  as 
estimating  clerk;  at  the  same  period 
studied  drawing  under  Sir  Sydney  Smith's 
head-<lraughtsman,  and  shortly  after  was 
the  pupil  of  Messrs.  Garland  and  Chris- 
topher, of  London,  engineers  and  archi- 
tects, and  attended  lectures  at  the  London 
University.  When  nearly  18  years  old 
took  an  appointment  under  Messrs.  John 
and  Joseph  Sykes,  contractors,  of  Leeds 
and  Goole  in  Yorkshire,  as  head-foreman, 
cashier,  and  draughtsman;  assisted  in 
construction  of  Goole  Docks  and  other 
works  for  the  Aire  and  Calder  Navigation 
Company  and  the  railway  from  Wakefield, 
Panfret,  Goole,  and  stations  for  the  Lanca- 
shire and  Yorkshire  Bailway  Company. 
When  between  18  and  19  years  of  age, 
he  obtained  premium  for  design  for  gas- 
works and  laying  out  the  town  of  Snaith 
with  gas  against  thirty  competitors,  and 
superintended  the  construction  of  same 
with  his  other  duties  in  the  railway.  In 
1849  he  went  to  London  and  superintended 
a  contractor's  business  in  Curaitor-street, 
Chancery-lane,  for  about  18  months,  then 
as  draughtsman  for  K  J.  Kelly,  Shane's 
Inn,  Helton,  for  a  time,  and  was  employed 
by  Mr.  Maplestonon  the  Sanitary  Coni  j 
mission  of  Southwark  during  the  cfaoloni  \ 
outbreak.  During  the  1851  Exhibition  | 
he  for  two  years  was  draughtsman  under 
Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  dming.wliich.time  he 


YOinSTG— ZOUCH. 


2S1 


node  drawings  for  the  1 85 1  Exhibition  and 
one  for  New  York,  also  a  Sanitarium  for  the 
£ist  End  and  other  works  not  carried  out ; 
illostrotive   portions  of  works  published 
hj  Pazton,  and  assisted  with  the  design 
for  Baron  Meyer  Rothschild's  mansion  at 
Wentmore.     After  leaving  Sir  J.  Paxton, 
Mr.  Yoong  commenced  business  as  con- 
tractor ;  constructed  a  number  of  gothic 
villu  at  Sydenham,  a  church  at  Bexley, 
schools  at  Grayford,    then    erected    the 
dinreh  and    presbytery    at  Chislehurst^ 
Kent,  where    the    late  Emperor  Napo- 
leon lies  buried,  W.  W.  Wardell,  Esq., 
architect)  of  Sychiey,  being  the  ardiitect ; 
also  erected  a  church  for  the  present  Duke 
of  Norfolk  at  Chichester  in  Sussex,  under 
the  same  architect;  just  before  leaying 
England   for    Australia    Sir  J.    Paxton 
offered  John  Young  the  superintendence 
of  Baron  Lionel  Kothachild's  mansion  at 
P^n&  In  1855  he  came  out  to  Melbourne, 
and  after  being  a  draughtsman  for  some 
time  commenced  business  as  a  contractor, 
and  has  constructed  a  great  many  works 
of  various  kinds,  among  others  St.  Patrick's 
Cathedral,     Melbourne,     Ballarat    Qaol, 
Mesan.  Sargood's  store,  Melbourne,  Inte- 
rior of   Jews'    Synagogue,    churches  at 
Heidelberg,     WilHamstown,     Pentridge, 
Prahran,  large  Independent  Church,  cor- 
ner of  Collms  and  Russel-streets,  Mel- 
boome,  and  a  great  many  villas  at  Toorak 
and  around  Melbourne.    In  1859  he  came 
to  Sydney    and    commenced  St   John's 
College,    and  erected  the  first  traveller 
ever  constructed  in  New  South  Wales  for 
building  purposes,  since  so  largely  used. 
In  Tasmania  he  erected  St.  Mary's  Ca- 
thedral, Hobart  Town,  and  a  church  for 
Sir  R  Dry  at  Quamby.     In  New  Zealand 
he  erected  the  Cargill  monument  at  Dune- 
din,  and  a  large  store  for  Messrs.  Sargood 
there.  In  1 866  came  to  permanently  reside 
in  Sydney  and  commenced  St.  Mary's  Ca- 
thechal;  since  erected  the  C^eral   Post 
Office,  the  Exhibition  building  of  1870 
(which  was  erected  in  six  months  in  spite 
of  53  days  of  rain),  also  erected  the  Red- 
^  «rn  railway-station,  Messrs.  Farmer  and 
'  ^.'b  premises,  also  the  stores  of  Dalton 
BroB.  in  Pitt-street,  the  new  Lands  Office, 
the  present  great  Exhibition  building  of 
1^79,  and  numerous  other  works.       It 


will  be  seen  that  many  of  the  principal 
buildings  in  the  cities  of  Australia  have 
been  constructed  by  Mr.  Toung;  it  is 
only  necessary  to  add  that  his  honourable 
and  sbaightforward  conduct  has  gained 
for  him  the  confidence  of  the  armies  of 
workmen  under  his  control,  and  the  public 
have  reason  to  be  thankful  to  him  for 
doing  them  justice  in  good  work.  A  few 
years  ago,  Mr.  Young  was  elected  an 
alderman  of  the  City  of  Sydney,  which 
position  he  still  maintains  with  advantage 
to  the  ratepayers. 

YOUNG,  William  Adolphub,  Member 
for  Helstone  in  the  British  House  of  Com- 
mons, is  a  son  of  the  late  John  Adolphus 
Young,  Esq.,  of  Hare  Hatch  Lodge,  Berks. 
Willifun  Young  was  bom  at  Hatch,  Berks, 
1814.  For  some  years  he  practised  in 
Sydney,  N.S.W.,  as  a  lawyer ;  was  High 
Sheriff  of  New  South  Wales  from  1842 
until  1849 ;  represented  the  district  of 
Port  Phillip,  in  the  Legislative  Council, 
before  Victoria  yras  formed  into  a  separate 
colpny.  From  August^  1857,  until  April, 
1859,  he  represented  Yarmouth  in  the 
House  of  Commons;  was  elected  for 
Helstone,  July,  1865,  and  continued  to  sit 
for  that  electorate  until  1866,  when  he 
was  unseated  on  petition,  but  regained  his 
seat,  December,  1868.  He  is  still  Mem- 
ber for  Helstona  In  1837  he  married 
Ann  Eliza,  daughter  of  Edward  Smith, 
Esq.,  of  Essex ;  she  died  in  1845.  In 
1847  he  married  Jane,  eldest  daughter  of 
Charles  Throsby,  Esq.,  of  Throsby  Park, 
Sutton  Forest,  New  South  Wales. 

ZOXJOH,  Captain  Henby,  son  of  Co- 
lonel Zoudi,  Commander  of  a  British 
regiment  during  the  last  American  war 
of  1812-14,  was  bom  about  1813,  in 
Quebec,  where  his  father  was  for  some  time 
Commandant.  When  a  young  man,  Mr. 
Henry  Zouch  repaired  to  England,  and 
received  his  education  in  the  ISkUlitary  Col- 
lege at  Sandhurst  In  1826  he  obtained 
a  commission  as  Ensign  in  the  fourth  or 
*'  King's  Own  "  Regiment.  After  serving 
in  several  garrison  towns  in  England,  he 
came  out  to  the  Colony  of  New  South 
Wales  with  his  regiment.  In  those  days 
every  convict  ship  was  conducted  and 
guarded  hither  by  a  detachment  of  troopa 
Captain  Zouch  was  appointed  in  1834  to 


2S2 


ZOUOH. 


the  first  division  of  the  military  mounted 
police,  stationed  at  Bathurst.  There  were 
then  three  divisions^  one  at  Bathurst^  one 
at  Goulbum,  and  one  at  Maitland.  He  was 
despatched  to  the  Bogan  to  find  the  remains 
of  Eichard  Cunningham,  the  botanist,  and 
succeeded  in  doing  so,  and  a  tablet  was 
erected  on  the  spot  On  the  fourth  regi- 
ment proceeding  to  India^  Captain  Zouch 
sold  out.  He  was  for  some  years  engaged 
in  pastoral  pursuits  at  Ashby,  Lake  Croorge. 
On  the  discovery  of  gold  at  Ophir,  and  ^e 
consequent  rush  t^^ther,  he  received  an 
appointment  as  Gold  Commissioner  at  the 
Turon,  where  he  remained  until  1853, 
in  which  year  he  accepted  the  post  of 


Superintendent  of  Mounted  PatxK>l  for 
Main  Beads.  This  position  he  retained, 
until  the  mounted  patrol  was  amalgamated 
with  the  general  police  under  the  Police  Act 
of  1862.  Since  then  Captain  Zoucb  has 
remained  in  charge  as  General  Superinten- 
dent of  Police  for  the  Southern  distxifiits. 
He  has  the  excellent  qualification  of  always 
obtaining  the  confidence  and  esteem  of 
the  men  under  his  controL  I>uriiig  the 
bushranging  era  and  on  many  other  oc- 
casions Captain  Zouch  was  distinguished 
for  his  courage,  foresight  and  ability.  He 
has  at  various  times  during  the  absence 
of  Mr.  Fosbery  fulfilled  the  duties  of 
InspectoivQeneral  of  Polioa 


ADDEN  DA. 


BENNETT,  Geokoe,   M.D.,  Glasgow, 
m9;  F.R.C.S.    Eng.,    1859;    M.R.O.S. 
1.^28 ;  Hon.  €k>ld  Medal,  1834  (Middlesex 
Hospital   and  Windmill-street,  London) ; 
Silver  medal  Zoological  Society,  London, 
and  Acclimatization  Society,  Melbourne  ; 
F.LS.,  F.Z.S.,   Corr.  Memb.  Imp.  Royal 
ZooL  SocL,  Vienna ;   Soc.  Imp.  ScL  Nat, 
Cherbourg  ;    Royal  Soc.,  Tasmania,   and 
Lit  and  Philos.  Soc.,  Liverpool ;    Mem. 
and    Exam.    Fac.  Med.   Univ.,   Sydney ; 
Hon.  Cons.  Phys.,  St.  Vincent's  Hospital, 
Sydney  ;     First    Hon.    Sec.    Australian 
Musexmi,     Sydney    (1834),   and  Trustee, 
1853.     Author  of  "Wanderings  in  New 
South  Wales,"    1834  ;   "  Gatherings  of  a 
Xaturalist,"   1860  ;  Contrib.  "Case  of  Plar 
wnta    PrcBvia,"    Lancet,    1852;    "Fatal 
poisoning    by    Strychnia,"     ibid.     1849 ; 
'•Poisoning  by  Strychnia  and  Recovery," 
i>>id-  1859  ;  and  Oontribs.   to  Med,  Gaz., 
Lancet  J    Proc,     and    Trans,     ZooL    Soc., 
Journal  of  BoLy  d:c,  dc     Dr.  Bennett  was 
lx>m  at  Plymouth,   January   31,    1804  ; 
Wfdted  Ceylon  in  1819,  and  on  his  return 
be  studied     for  the    medical   profession. 
After  obtaining  his  medical  status  he  took 
charge  of  a  circumnavigating  expedition, 
the  result  of  which  is  laid  down  in  various 
(lapers   printed  from  time  to  time  in  the 
pages    of    the '  Asiatic,     United    Service, 
L/udon's    Ma^azwie  of  Nalural  History, 
and  other  scientific  journals.      In  1832  he 
re-viaited  New  South  Wales  to  investigate 
the  manners,  habits,  and  anatomy  of  the 
MortotreTncUa,  and  the  natural  history  of 
the  colony  in  general.     Dr.  Bennett's  ob- 
servations on  the  OmitJiorhynchus  are  of 
the  greatest  importance  to  science.       He 
^-as  the  first  to  discover  the  Nautilus  in  a 
living    state,    and    supplied     his    friend 
Professor  Richard  Owen,  F.RS.,  with  the 
specimen   so  ably   described   in  the  cata- 
logue of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons. 
After   a    visit  to  Java,    Singapore,   and 
China,  he  laid  down  his  observations  in 
his  first    work,   the  "  Wanderings "    and 
eventually   settled  in  New  South  Wales 
for  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  1836. 
First  Secretary  tothe  Australian  Museum, 


he  was  ever  alert  when  new  discoveries 
were  made,  and  his  liberality  in  pur- 
chasing these  objects  and  to  make  them 
known  to  the  world  has  often  been  ac- 
knowledged. The  Cassowary  which  bears 
the  doctor's  name,  the  tooth-billed  pigeons, 
and  numerous  other  zoological  and 
palseontological  objects  which  Gould, 
Sclater,  Professor  Owen,  and  other  emi- 
nent naturalists  constantly  refer  to  in 
their  works,  show  what  a  single  libenJ- 
minded  man  can  accomplish,  even  though 
much  occupied  with  an  extensive  practice 
as  a  medical  man.  In  1878,  during  a 
visit  to  England  and  the  Continent,  Dr. 
Bennett  was  elected  a  memt)er  of  the 
Geographical  Society  of  Rome,  and  of  the 
Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of 
Liverpool.  After  a  long  stay  in  Europe 
he  returned  to  Australia  in  April,  1879. 

DA  VIES,  John,  M.P.,  was  bom  in 
Sydney,  on  March  2, 1839,  and  carried  on 
business  in  that  city  for  eighteen  years  as 
ironmonger  and  general  blacksmith. 
From  early  life  he  took  a  great  interest 
in  various  social  movements,  and  was  and 
still  is  a  leading  member  of  the  New 
South  Wales  Alliance  for  the  suppression 
of  intemperance,  and  kindred  societies. 
In  1860,  then  a  young  man,  Mr.  Da  vies 
commenced  to  take  an  active  interest  in 
politics  on  the  Liberal  side,  and  from  that 
time  until  1874,  took  a  leading  part  in  the 
elections  of  Dr.  Lang,  Martin,  Parkes, 
Robertson,  Dalley,  Eagar,  Forater,  Wilson, 
and  others.  In  December,  1874,  he  was 
first  elected  alderman  for  Cook  Ward  (the 
largest  ward  in  the  city),   and  again  in 

1876.  On  December  9,  1874,  he  was 
chosen  one  of  the  Members  for  East 
Sydney.  In  1877,  Mr.  Davies  became 
Postmaster-General  in  the  administration 
of  Sir  John  Robertson,  and  on  accepting 
this  office,  was  re-elected  by  the  largest 
number  of  votes  ever  polled  in  any  single 
city   contest       After  the  dissolution   of 

1877,  he  was  again  elected  for  East 
Sydney,  second  on  the  poll,  and  still  re- 
presents  the    electorate    in    Parliament 

I  He  is  a  Commissioner  of  the  International 


u 


ADDENDA. 


Exhibition,  a  life  Director  of  the  Prince 
Alfred  Hospital,  a  Director  of  the  Desti- 
tute Children's  Asylum  at  Randwick,  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  charitable 
institutions  of  the  city. 

PELL,  MoBRis  BiRKBECK,  bom  in 
United  States  America,  about  1823;  a 
relative  of  the  well-remembered  Mr.  Birk- 
beck,  the  founder  of  Mechanics'  Listitutes. 
He  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge,  where  he  distinguished  himself 
so  fax  as  to  attain  the  position  of  Senior 
Wrangler.  He  was  also  a  Fellow  of  that 
college.  In  the  year  1852,  when  the 
Sydney  University  was  established,  Mr. 
Pell  came  out  to  take  the  chair  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy  i^  that 
institution,  and  he  arrived  in  this  colony 
with  Dr.  WooUey  and  the  Hon.  Professor 
Smith.  Be&ides  his  more  immediate  duties 
in  connection  with  the  University,  Pro- 
fessor Pell  was  frequently  called  ui)on  to 
fill  offices  of  considerable  public  importance 
in  connection  with  inquiries  instituted  by 
the  Government.  Among  these  may  be 
mentioned  the  Water  and  Sewerage  Com- 
mission and  the  Hunter  River  Floods' 


Prevention  Commission ;  besides  these 
matters  he  was  for  some  time  actuary  of 
the  Australian  Mutual  Provident  Society. 
During  the  year  1866  the  Professor  felt 
some  symptoms  of  the  complaint  which 
eventually  caused  hisdeath,  and  he  obtained 
temporary  leave  of  absence  from  the  Senate, 
his  position  being  filled  pro  tern,  hy  Mr. 
Scott  Upon  his  return  in  the  following 
year  he  resumed  his  duties,  and  continue<i 
them  without  interruption  until  1877,  when 
the  state  of  his  health  necessitated  his 
retirement  upon  a  pension  which  kad  been 
guaranteed  to  him  by  the  Senate  at  the 
time  of  his  appointment,  and  he  vras  suc- 
ceeded by  Professor  Gumey.  Profes.sor 
Pell  had  obtained  to  a  large  extent  the 
respect  and  affection  of  the  undergraduates, 
and  in  1878  waa^  returned  by  tlie  electors, 
in  conjunction  with  Sir  Alfred  Stephen,  as 
a  Fellow  of  the  Senate,  a  position  which 
he  continued  to  hold  until  his  death.  He 
was  admitted  a  hamster  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  South  Wales  in  1863,  and 
was  for  several  years  one  of  the  trustees  of 
the  Sydney  Grammar  SchooL  He  died 
May  7,  1879. 


THE 


AUSTRALIAN  DICTIONARY  OF  DATES, 


AND 


MEN  OF  THE  TIME. 


PART  II. 


ABORIGINAL  CRICKETERS. 

The  aboriginal  team  of  cricketers,  trained  and 
tanght  the  ^sune  by  Mr.  Wills,  arrived  in  Sydney 
from  Victoria,  February  16, 1867 ;  on  the  2l8t  they 
commenced  a  three-da^'  match  a£[ain8t  eleven 
'i  the  Albert  Club,  which  resulted  in  a  win  for 
the  latter,  Feb.  21,  22,  23,  1867.  The  scores 
vere :— Albert,  1st  innings,  135,  2nd  innings, 
I®,  total,  298  ;  aboriginal  team  scoring  but  72 
and  92,  makinc  their  total  only  164.  The  team 
^a8  captamed  Dv  Mr.  Wills,  and  the  names  of 
the  aboriginal  plavers  were  as  follows: — Rose, 
Bollocky,  Cozens,  Mullafi;h,  Jellico,  Peter,  Tarpot, 
Paddy,  Dick-a-Dick,  '\^tty,  and  Twopenny. 

Aboriginal  Cricketers  in  England.  A 
team  of  aboriginal  cricketers  visited  England 
for  the  purpose  of  contesting  the  game  with 
repowned  English  dnbs.  The  team  was  cap- 
tained b^  Lawrence,  and  consisted  of  the  f oUow- 
intfabonginal  players : — BuUocky,  Cuzens,  Dick- 
a^Dick,  Kingr  Cole,  Mnllagh,  Peter,  Shepherd, 
Mosquito,  Jun  Crow,  Charley,  Tiger,  Two- 
peimv,  Bed-Cap;  February  8,  1868.  First 
match  played  at  the  Oval,  Kennington,  London, 
gainst  eleven  gentlemen  of  the  Surrey  Club,  in 
the  presence  of  7,000  spectators.  Surrey  Club  : 
Ist  innings,  222.  Aboriginals :  1st  innings,  83, 
2&d  innings,  132.  The  aooriginals  scored  their 
^  victory  over  an  English  team  at  Ladywell, 
against  eleven  gentlemen  of  Lewiaham.  The 
attendance  was  upwards  of  4,000.  A  handsome 
tHver  Clip  was  presented  to  Red-Cap  hy  the 
Captain  of  the  Lewisham  team  as  the  highest 
acorer  on  the  Australian  side.  Gentlemen  :  Ist 
'^ga*  60»  ^^  ^1  total,  113.  Aboriginals : 
istinninn*  42,  2nd  72,  total,  114.— June  10, 
^^  V.  Marylebone.  Played  at  Lords'  sround, 
^rylebone ;  upwards  of  3,000  present.    M.  C.  C. : 


1st  inninn,  164,  2nd  innings,  121,  total,  285* 
Aboriginius  :  Ist  innincs,  185,  2nd  innings,  45, 
total,  230.— June  12  and  13, 1868.  v.  Gentlemen 
of  Kent.  Played  on  Kent  County  iponnd, 
Gravesend.  The  gentlemen  won  in  one  uminfls 
bv  69  runs. — June  2,  1868.  r.  Richmond  Club. 
Played  at  the  old  deer  park,  Richmond.  There 
was  a  very  large  attenaance.  This  match  was 
not  played  out,  but  so  far  as  it  proceeded  it  was 
in  favour  of  the  blacks.  Richmond  :  Ist  inninss, 
74,  2nd  innings,  236,  total,  310.  Aboriginal : 
1st  innings,  97,  2nd  innings,  82,  not  finished. — 
June  6, 18613.  Gentlemen  of  Sussex  v.  Aboriginal 
Team.  Played  at  Brighton;  at  least  5,000 
spectators.  The  game  was  won  by  the  gentlemen 
by  nine  wickets.  A  sum  of  eight  guineas  was  col- 
lected on  the  ground  and  presented  to  MuUaffh, 
to  mark  the  appreciation  of  the  all-round  pLiy 
he  exhibited.  Aboriginals :  1st  innings,  171,. 
2nd  innings,  89,  total,  260.  Gentlemen :  1st 
innings,  151,  2nd  innings,  122. — June  9,  1868. 

i^tno  CoUt  one  of  the  aboriginal  cricketers,, 
died  of  inflammation  of  the  lungs. — July  30, 1868. 

MuUagh  distinguished  himself  in  the  Victorian 
Eleven  against  Lord  Harris's  team,  at  Melbourne, 
by  makinff  the  highest  score  (36)  in  the  2nd 
innings.— March  8,  1879. 

ABORIGINAL  NAMES. 

'*  The  tribe  of  Camerra  inhabit  the  north  side 
of  Port  Jackson ;  the  tribe  of  Cadi  inhabit  the 
south  side,  extending  from  the  South  Head  to 
Long  Cove,  at  which  place  the  district  of  Wanne, 
and  the  tribe  of  Wangal,  commences,  extending 
as  far  as  Par-ra-mata  or  Rose  Hill ;  the  tribe 
Wallumede  inhabit  the  north  shore,  opposite 
Warrane  or  Sydney  Cove,  and  are  called  Wal- 
lumatta.  The  space  between  Rose  HiU  and 
Prospect  Hill  is  custinguished  by  eight  di£ferent 
names,  although  the  distance  is  only  four 
miles." — Hunter*  s  Journal, 


ABORIGINALS. 


Examples  of. 

North  Head  (Sydney)-"  Boree.- 
South  Head  (Sydney)—"  CuttaL** 
Middle  Head  (Sydney)-"  Cublw  Cubba." 
Timbrebungie—"  Bw  Bend."    A  large  btnd  In  the  Mae- 

quarie,  twenty  mlMt  below  Dobbo. 
Dubbo— "  White  day  or  sand." 
Minora— "AU  about" 
Wollombi— "  Meeting  of  the  Waters."    A  village  situated 

sixteen  miles  south-west  from  Maitland,  whera  two 

streams  meet. 
Potts'  Point  (Sydney)—"  Oam^een." 
Lady  Macquarie's  dialr  (Sydney)—"  Yurong." 
Darling  Point  (Sydney)—"  Yaranabe." 
Manly  Beach  (Sydney)—"  Cannae." 
Cockatoo  Island  (Sydney)— "  Wanrieabah." 
Goat  Island  (Sydney)—"  MemeL" 
Hawkesbury  Kiyer— "  Deerabubbln.'*     The  aboriginals 

suffered  at  times  from  a  disease  very  like  small-pox, 

called  by  Oiem  "  GalgahL" 
Botanic  Gardens,  Ynrm  Cove  (S}-dney)— "  Yoolaugh.** 
Milson's  Points"  KlnribUlL" 
Blue's  Point— "WarunR." 

Sydney  Warrane 

Parramatta  Parnunatta  eels  sit  down. 

Manaro  Manaro  the  navel. 

Minyago  yugilla— Why  weepest  thou  T— is  the  name  of  a 

fountain  m>ringing  out  of  the  side  of  a  mountain  near 

the  Namoi. 

Manilla  (River)  Muneola  round  about 

Culgoa  (River)  Culgoa  running  through 

BooKabri  Bukkib«r-i  place  of  creeks 

D^dod  Iteeeldool  plaoe  of  reeds 

PUiga  Bilagha  head  of  scrub  oak 

Breewarina  Bureewanrina  trees  (acacia  pendula) 

Tarra  Yarra  flowing,  flowing 

Mooki  (River)  Mook-i  flinty 

^uUgal  Oulig»l  long  grass  seed 

Molrov  or  Miiro/  Murrowolaroi  having  hedgehogs 

Narraori  Nurm-buri  forks 

Botany  Zwiasal 

Bondarra  Bun&rra  place  of  kangaroos 

Balal  Balal  bare,  barren 

P<dcataroo  Bukkitoro  river  going,  wide 

Barwon  Ba-wun  great  (river) 

OuDdamaiae  Gundi-my-an  house  on  the  stream 

Qwjdir  (River)  Gu-i-da  plaoe  of  red  (banks) 

Ounedah  Gunneda  place  of  white  stone 
North    Shora 

(8ydn^)  Walumetta 
Dromedaiy 

Mountain  Culsgo 

Fort  Bourice  Wurtamurtah 

Lachlan  (River)  Colai 
Newcastle,  MuluUmba 

lAunes  of  some  of  the  aboriginals  of  Sydney  in  the  flnt 

di^  of  the  oolony ;~« 
**  Benelong." 

**  Barangaroo"— Wife  of  Benelong. 
"Daringha"— Ditto. 

'*  DilbooDg"— Name  of  native  girl  living  in  Sydney. 
-"  Mangoran"— A  chief  of  Sydney. 
"  BaUooderry  "—Son  of  Mangoran. 
**  Bedia  Bedia"— Chief  of  Parramatta. 
"Yelloway"— Ditto. 
"  Gome  Beak  "—A  great  fighting  man. 
A  white  man  named  Wilson  was  many  years  ago  living 

with  the  blacks  in  the  Port  Stephens  district.    He  was 

called  by  them  "  Bunboey.'* 

ABORIGINAL,  pETRiFisa  Found  in  a  cave 
near  Mt.  Gambler,  S. A.,  1862.  The  aboriginal 
was  shortly  afterwards  stolen,  and  no  trace  of 
it  has  been  discovered.  It  was  rumonred  that 
it  had  been  exhibited  in  Kngland  some  years 
afterwards. 

[Two  petrified  abori^nals  were  found  on  the 
Upper  Murray  or  *  *  Indi "  in  1 854.  They  were  in  a 

Seitect  state  of  preservation.     One  was  taken  to 
ydney  by  a  travelling  hawker,   and   thence 
shipped  to  England,  but  the  ship  was  lost.] 


ABORIGINALS. 

Annual  Converbnces  with.  Prodsnutioii 
issued  that  an  annual  friendly  conference  be  held 
on  December  28th  of  each  year.  May  4,  1816; 
held  at  Parramatta  between  the  Governor  and 
the  leading  tribes,  January  17,  1826 ;  at  same 
place,  December  28, 1826 ;  by  Governor  Dariing 
at  Parramatta,  Januaiy  16,  1890. 

Attacks  by.  Very  troublesome  in  1796; 
people  at  farms  about  Parramatta  plundered 
of  provisions  and  clothing ;  settlers  anned 
themselves,  and  several  conflicts  ensued  through- 
out the  year;  many  blacks  were  killed,  and 
several  of  the  Europeans  were  wounded ;  very 
troublesome  at  Lane  Cove,  at  Brin^elly  on  the 
Nepean,  Bathurst  Road,  and  at  ouier  places, 
1816 ;  large  number  of  blacks,  never  before  seea 
within  the  different  settlements,  came  from  the 
mountains,  plundered  the  drays  and  farms,  and 
mangled  the  bodies  of  their  victims;  annoyed 
settlers  beyond  Blue  Mountains,  stealing  cattle 
for  food,  as  they  said,  in  exchange  for  their 
kangarooe  which  the  settlers  had  shot,  1823; 
blacKS  in  the  neighbourhood  exceedingly  .robust 
and  well  proportioned  {see  Aboriginals,  Re- 
markable) ;  a  party  of  eighteen  men  travelling 
overland  with  sheep  to  Port  Phillip  attacked  by 
300 — seven  white  men  killed  and  one  man 
wounded,  1838  ;  fifteen  shepherds  and  stockmen 
killed  at  Liverpool  Plains,  1838  ;  blacks  having 
large  quantities  of  arms  in  their  possession,  vere 
very  formidable  to  the  settlers  in  the  Port  Phillip 
district,  1840 ;  telegraph  station,  Barrow's  Creek, 
attacked,  February  22,  1874 

Call  of  Communicatiok  bktwkbn.  The 
peculiar  signal-call  of  the  natives,  "  Ck>o-ee  **  or 
"  Coo-ey  with  the  rising  inflection  on  the 
second  syllable,  can  be  heara  to  a  much  greater 
distance  than  any  call  made  by  Ehiropeana,  and 
its  repetition  from  a  distance  at  once  establiihes 
a  communication  between  two  parties.  The  up- 
country  settlers  have  aU  adopted  this  "  Coo-ey,'' 
and  constantly  use  it. 

Cbremonies  amokgot.  The  Bora.-The 
name  "Bora"  is  derived  from  "Bor"  or 
"  Boora,"  the  belt  of  manhood,  and  is  conferred 
on  the  neophyte  of  life  entering  that  sta^ 
This  *'bor  is  supposed  to  be  endowed  with 
magical  power,  so  that  by  throwing  it  at  an 
enemy  sickness  can  be  ejected  from  Uie  body  of 
the  thrower.  It  is  the  great  national  institution 
of  the  Australian  Aboriginal,  the  rite  of  initia- 
tion into  the  duties  and  privileges  of  manhood. 
The  sacredness  of  this  immemorial  rite,  and  the 
indispensable  obligation  to  submit  to  it,  are 
most  deeply  imprened  on  the  minds  of  the  yonng 
aboriginab.  Even  when  they  enter  the  aerrice 
of  the  squatters  or  the  settlers,  and  so  in  a  great 
measure  break  off  from  association  with  their 
own  people,  they  seem  to  be  bound  by  an  irre- 
sistible spell  to  submit,  at  the  presented  time, 
in  spite  of  all  obstacles  and  dissuasions,  to  their 
national  rites.  The  "Bora"  is  held  whenever 
there  is  a  considerable  number  of  youths  of  as 
age  to  be  admitted  to  the  rank  of  manhood. 
Rev.  William  RicUey,  an  authority  on  the  sub- 


ABORIGINAI^. 


jeet^myi:--"  Old  Billy  Mimri  Bandar  at  Bta> 
targite,   itoted    that    the   Cnator   'Baiame* 
long  ago  oowiTnanded  the  people  to  keep  the 
'Boa,   and  gaTe  them  the  xAorumlmiQmj  or 
■ered  wand  ror  this  purpoee.    He  said  any  one 
«f  the  men  might  demand  that  a  '  Bora '  he 
Ud.    Then  they  oonealt  as  to  the  niace,  and 
ehoon  oae  of  thenr  nnmber  to  he  the  oiotator  or 
naia^  of  the  aolexnnity.    Thie  ctiotator  eenda 
asan  ronnd  to  all  the  tribee,  who  are  expected 
io  join  in  it.    Tlua  heraid  bean  u\  his  hand  a 
komenmg  and  a  8jMar  witii  a  murttra  (pady- 
oakn)  tkm  haofiing  upon  it.     Sometimee  all 
tha  men  within  twenty  milea  are  nunmoned, 
wmctimea  a  mnoh  larger  ciroait  is   included, 
ad  Billy  stated    that  every  one  snmmoned 
mat  attend  ike  "Bo^^*'  even  if  he  have  to 
tnrel  a  hundred  miles  to  it.    It  is  so  done, 
he  and,  all  over  the  country  and  always  will  be. 
The  dictator  chooses  a  suitaUe  spot  for  the  pur- 
pose, and  fixes  the  day  for  the  opening  of  the 
oeremony.     The  ground  is  regaraed  as  conse- 
cnted  to  'Baiame,'  and  hia  will  is  obeyed  in 
emying  out  the  service.     Notice  is  given  three 
veeka*^  least,  sometimes  three  months  before 
the  oeremony  begins ;  during  the  interval  the 
trees  on   the    chosen  grouna  are  ornamented 
vith  figures    of   snakes   and    birds  cut   with 
the  tomahawk.     When   the    appointed    time 
is  come,  the  men  leave  their  camps,  where  the 
women  and  children  and  youths  remain.     The 
men  aaKmble  at  the  selected  spot,  clear  away  all 
the  bushes,  and  make  a  semi-circular  en^bank- 
ffient  or  fence  ;  this  beinff  done,  some  of  the  men 
go  to  the  camps,  pretencung  to  make  a  hostile 
tttack,  on  which  the  women  run  away  with  the 
children, — ^the    young    men    and    boys   over 
thirteen  go  back  with  the  men  to  the  'Bora.' 
Very  few  Europeans  have  been  allowed  to  wit- 
sen  the  ceremony,  but  a  Mr.  Honey,  when  a 
hoy,  was  present  at  one  held  between  the  Bar- 
von  and  Castlereagh  Rivers,  and  has  given  a 
description  of  it,  but  the  proceedings  and  oere- 
loaiam  appear  to  differ  widely  in  the  different 
tribes,  the  discipline  the  candidates  for  manhood 
have  to  go  through  in  some  tribes  being  far  more 
severe  than  in  o&ers,  so  much  so  that  the  young 
men,  after  undergoing  the  severity  of  the  ordeal, 
sn  (pite  exhausted,  and  sometimes  half -dead. 
Pftvioos  to  undergoing  the  ordeal,  the  candi- 
dates have  to  be  for  seven  or  eight  months  under 
a  strict  rule,  eating  only  prescribed  food,  and 
ke^in^  themselves    partially    secluded    from 
•Ktal  mtercourse.     The  day  of  the  ceremony 
having  been  decided  on  and  the  tribes  assemblea, 
a  place  is  cleared  and  prepared  generally  on  the 
k)i>  of  a  low  hill ;  here  the  youths  are  kept  for  a 
week  nnder  the  mtrveilianee  of  two  or  three  old 
nien ;  at  the  end  of  this  time  one  of  the  front 
teeth  is  knocked  out  and  the  youths  receive  a 
severe  flogging,  during  which  tortures  they  are 
Bot  expected  to  groan  or  display  any  signs  of 
pain.    For  the  next  four  days  (in  some  mbes) 
their  food  is  of  the  most  revolting  description 
that  can  be  imagined.    Af tor  the  last  ceremony 
the  youne  men  were  allowed  to  go  away.    For 
three  or  four  months  they  are  not  allowed  to 


oome  within  three  hundred  yards  of  a  woman, 
but  ones  in  the  coarse  of  the  time  agreat  smoke 
is  made  with  burning  boughs,  and  the  young 
men  are  brought  up  to  one  side  ol  it,  whilst 
women  appear  at  a  distanoe  on  the  other  side. 
Then  the  young  men  so  away  for  another  mont^ 
or  so ;  at  the  end  of  uat  time  they  again  asssm* 
his  and  take  part  in  a  sham  fight ;  this  com- 
pletes the  long  process  of  initiation.  From  this 
time  they  are  fnee  to  exercise  all  the  privileges 
of  manhood,  amongst  which  are  the  eating  of 
the  flesh  of  kangaroo  and  emus,  snd  the  taung 
of  vrives.  Ihinng  the  intervals  between  the 
oeremonies  of  the  'Bora*  the  candidates  are 
carefully  instructed  by  the  old  men  in  the  un- 
written laws  or  tz«ditions  of  their  tribe  and  tha 
laws  of  consanguinity  and  marriage,  a  breach  of 
which  latter  moral  law  subjects  tne  offender  to 
the  risk  of  death.  Thsoeremonial  of  the  '  Bora* 
is  the  ffreat  educational  system  by  which  this 
exact  observance  of  their  law  is  inculcated.*' 

Circumciirion,  The  rite  of  circumcision  is 
commonly  practised  by  the  aboriginaLs  of  Aus- 
tralia, poo-ticularly  around  the  Gulf  of  Caipen- 
taria  (L^ehhanU) ; — The  knocking  out  ofihtfromi 
toetA  is  most  extensively  practised  by  the 
natives  of  Australia.  It  appears  to  be  performed 
on  their  entering  into  early  manhood,  though 
often  when  they  are  twelve  or  fourteen  years  of 
age,  and  consists  in  extractiD|^  the  front  tooth 
from  the  upper  jaw.  The  patient  has  often  to 
undergo  the  greatest  agony,  and  eat  the  most 
vile  and  disgusting  food  for  several  days. 

Corrobborret,   [See  Corrobbobev.] 

CoNTLicrTB  WITH.  Near  Sydney,  August, 
1794 ;  desperate  fisht  at  Parramatta  (tiieir  I^ider 
Pemuluy  wounded  and  ci^ured),  March,  17d7  ; 
near  Parramatta  (between  natives  and  military 
— 50  natives  shot).  May  3,  1804;  desperate 
fight  on  the  Sydney  Race  Course  (now  Hyde 
Park)  between  two  hostile  tribes  (a  number  of 
the  combatante  severely  wounded  and  one 
killed  on  the  spot),  December  26,  1829. 

Freemasoihit  amongst.  Sturt,  the  explorer, 
relates  that  he  met  a  tribe  of  aboriginals  in 
Omtral  Australia,  who  had  an  intimate  know- 
ledge of  freemasonry,  and  gave  the  signs  only 
known  to  the  mystic  brotherhood. 

FiTKERAL  R1TE&  In  all  parte  of  the  country 
the  aboriginals  show  a  great  regard  for  their 
dead.  Some  bury  them ;  and  of  those  who  do 
so,  some  dig  the  grave  so  deep  as  to  place  the 
deceased  standing  up  ;  others  place  them  sitting 
with  the  head  Sbose  the  surface,  but  covered 
with  earth.  They  carefully  protect  their  graves 
with  boughs  from  the  depredations  of  wild 
animalB;  sometimes  there  are  as  many  as 
a  hundred  graves  in  their  cemeteries.  Amonsst 
the  Wailwun  tribe,  a  chief,  or  person  regarded 
vrith  much  respect,  is  buried  in  a  hollow  tree, 
the  body  being  oiclosed  in  a  sheet  of  bark ;  in 
other  places  the  body  is  deposited  on  a 
sheet  of  bark  on  the  forks  of  a  tree.  And 
affection  sometimes  induces  their  relatives  to 
carry  about  the  bones  (after  the  flesh  is  gone) 
for  a  long  time  ;  it  is  no  uncommon  thing  in  a 


ABORIGINALS. 


mother  thna  to  carry  the  bones  of  her  child  for 

Sean.  Sometiines  a  tribe  devonr  the  heart  and 
▼er  of  a  diief,  that  they  may  inherit  the  vir- 
taes  and  oonrage  for  whidi  he  was  distinguished. 
The  fashion  of  their  monming  is  to  plaster  their 
heads  and  faces  with  white  day,  and  wound 
tiiemselvee  with  tomahawks  till  the  blood  pours 
forth,  keeping  up  a  great  wailing  the  while.  In 
Northern  Australia  they  cat  off  the  joint  of  one 
of  their  fingers  as  an  expression  of  grief  j  for  the 
death  of  their  children. 

Qrasts  of  Land  to.  A  piece  of  noond  at 
Qeorge*s  Head,  for  the  purpose  of  cmtivation, 
allocated  to  sixteen  natives  with  their  wives 
and  families  numbering  forty  altogether  of  the 
Broken  Bay  tribe,  with  Boongarieas  their  chief, 
measured  off  and  appropriated  to  their  exclu- 
sive use,  and  at  same  time  a  suit  of  clothes 
given  to  each  of  them  together  with  implements 
of  husbandry,  Febmaiy  1,  1814. 

Lanouaoes  of.  The  Rev.  CanonGunther  com- 
piled a  grammar  and  dictionaxy  of  the  Wiradhuri 
fanguage,  which  was  sent  to  the  Imperial  Qovem- 
ment,  in  manuscript,  in  compliance  with  a  request 
from  Professor  Max  Milllcr  for  information  of 
this  kind  ;  a  work  of  similar  character,  b^  the 
late  Rev.  Mr.  Watson,  a  colleague  in  the  mission 
of  Mr.  Gunther,  was  idso  sent  home ;  Rev.  L.  K 
Threlkeld  published,  in  1834  and  1860,  a  mmmar 
and  a  key  to  the  language  of  the  Lower  Hunter  ; 
the  Government  printed  and  published  in  Sydney, 
in  1866,  and  a  second  edition  in  1875,  a  work  on 
Kamilaroi  and  other  Australian  lansnages,  by  the 
Rev.  William  Ridley,  containing  iSustrations  of 
twenty  different  diiJects,  and  a  comTO*eheiisive 
grammar  of  Kamilaroi ;  the  Rev.  Mr.  Taplin  has 
also  published  some  works  on  the  languages  and 
people  of  South  Australia ;  Mr.  Brough  Smyth,  of 
Melboume,  and  Mr.  Gurr,  of  Geelong,  have  been 
compiling  works  of  a  comprehensive  character  on 
the  languages  of  Australia ;  a  publication  of  Mr. 
Gurr  on  the  subject  appeared  some  years  a^. 

Mr.  R.  Brough  Smyth  has  just  pubhshed 
(1879)  an  exhaustive  work  on  the  language  and 
customs  of  the  aborigines. 

Last.  King  Billy  or  William  Lanne,  last  nude 
Tasmanian  aMriginal,  died  March  3, 1869 ;  Queen 
Trucannimai,  or  Lalla  Rookh,  the  last  of  the 
Tasmanian  female  aboriginals,  died  at  Hobart 
Town,  aged  73,  May  8,  1876. 

Makbiaob  Laws  of.  Many,  perhaps  all,  tribes 
of  Australian  aboriginals  have  strict  rules  as  to 
marriage,  founded  on  a  system  of  giving  certain 
distinctive  names  to  all  children  according  to 
their  parentage.  The  rules  are  numerous,  but  a 
few  words  may  give  a  ^neral  idea  of  them.  The 
mother's  name  <&termme8  that  of  her  children. 
Thus  all  the  sons  of  Kubbotha  are  Kumbo,  and 
all  the  daughters  are  Butha.  A  Kumbo  may 
have  one  or  two  other  names  ;  but  every  son  of 
a  woman  called  Kubbotha  is  named  Kumbo.  So 
the  sons  of  a  woman  namen  Ippatha  are  all 
Kubbi,  and  her  daughters  are  all  itubbotha.  In 
some  parts  four  names  of  men  and  four  names  of 
women  comprehend  a  whole  community,  every 
one  of  the  tribe  having  one  of  these  names ;  in 


some  parts  there  are  more  names,  some  k 
The  names  belong  to  them  from  birth.  They  do 
not  take  the  same  names  as  their  parenti ;  bat 
the  mother's  name  fixes  those  of  her  children. 
The  whole  tribe  being  thus  named  by  an  inflex- 
ible rule,  a  law  of  marriage  is  founded  upon  the 
names.  Thus  Kumbo  is  to  take  his  wife,  or 
wives,  from  among  women  bearing  the  name  of 
Matha ;  Kubbi  has  his  choice  of  the  Ippiths ; 
and  Ippai  (brother  of  Ippatha^,  is  free  to  take 
sny  Kuobotha  (sister  of  Kubbi).  The  rule  pre- 
vents a  man  from  takins  to  wife  a  sister,  hilf- 
sister,  niece,  or  aunt,  and  also  prevents  the  in- 
termarriaoe  of  first  cousins,  when  they  are  the 
children  m  two  brothers  or  of  two  sisters.  It  is 
possible  under  this  rule  for  a  man  to  marry  the 
daughter  of  his  other's  sister  or  the  daughter  of 
his  mother's  brother ;  but  not  lawful  for  a  man 
to  marry  the  daughter  of  his  father's  brother  or 
of  his  mother's  sister. 

MnJTART     PnOdEDINGS     AGAINST.        As    « 

means  of  checking  the  outrages  committed  bv 
the  blacks  in  1816,  a  detachment  of  the  46th 
regiment  under  Gaptains  Shaw  and  Wallis  was 
sentouttomakeacircuitaround  the  outposts.  At 
a  place  called  Aird  they  encounterea  a  large 
body  of  blacks,  who  cave  them  battle,  and  were 
not  vanquished  until  14  of  them  were  killed  and 
many  wounded.  A  laive  number  were  taken 
prisoners  and  sent  to  Sydney. 

Martial  law  was  proclaimed  in  consequence  of 
aboriginal  depredations  at  Bathurst,  August  5, 
1824 

Missions  to.  In  New  South  Wales  the  Rev. 
Ganon  Gunther  (now  of  Mudgee)  for  many  yean 
carried  on,  under  the  auspices  of  the  (Church  of 
England,  a  mission  to  the  Wiradhuri-speaking 
tribes  of  Wellington  Vale.  The  Rev.  L.  £. 
Threlkeld,  of  the  London  Missionary  Society* 
conducted  a  mission  at  Lake  Macquarie,  in  the 
Valley  of  the  Hunter.  In  1837  a  band  of 
Grerman  missionaries  came  out,  sent  by  the  cele- 
brated Pastor  Gossner,  of  Berlin,  to  seek  the 
conversion  of  the  Australian  aborigines  to  Chris- 
tianity. By  the  influence  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Lang, 
of  Sydney,  they  were  settled  at  Moreton  Bay, 
and  laboured  tiiere  for  the  instruction  of  the 
blacks.  One  of  them,  Rev.  J.  G.  Hausmann, 
now  on  the  Albert  River,  has  divided  his  labours 
during  his  Australian  career  of  forty  years  he- 
tween  the  aboriginals  and  his  German  fellow- 
countrvmen.  In  1853  the  Rev.  William  Ridley 
carried  the  Gospel  to  the  Kamilaroi-speakinff 
tribes  on  the  Namoi  and  Barwon.  Mr.  Daniel 
Matthews  has  recently  established  a  mission  for 
the  aborifidnals  at  Maloga,  near  Moama,  on  the 
Murray.  The  Rev.  George  F.  Dillon,  of  the  Roman 
GathoUc  Ghurch,  foun£d  a  successful  mission 
at  Burragoraug,  about  65  miles  from  Sydney. 
In  South  Australia  th^  present  Bishop  of  Bris- 
bane, then  Archdeacon  Hale,  a  descendant  of 
Sir  Matthew  Hale,  conducted  for  many  3rears 
a  verv  successful  mission  at  Pooniodie,  Port 
Lincoln ;  and  Rev.  Mr.  Taplin  did  mudi  good 
service  in  a  mission  in  the  eastern  part  of  that 
colony.      In  Victoria  there  have  been  several 


ABORIOINAI& 


manoos,  the  most  important  of  which  ia  at 
BamiiYiik,  in  Gippsland,  conducted  by  the  Rev. 
Ui.  UagnuHier,  and  aopported  by  the  Pieaby- 
teriin  Ghorch.  The  Wesleyan  Church  had  a 
minion  near  Geelong.  The  Rev.  George  King, 
of  the  Chnrch  of  England,  conducted  a  mission, 
with  good  results,  in  Western  Australia.  Of 
these  missions,  those  at  Poonindie,  Ramayuk, 
and  Bomgoran^  are  still  continued.  Mr.  Bani^ 
Matthews  also,  la  still  labouring  in  his  mission 
atMsloga. 

New  Zkalakd.     [See  BiAOBis.] 

Numbers  of. 

AudrxUia.  Number  of  blacks  in  Australia 
ettimsted  at  3,000,000.-1848. 

K.  8.  Wale9.  Estimated  by  Governor  Phillip 
at  1,000,000,  of  whom  9000  were  by  him  sup- 
pond  to  be  between  Broken  Bay  and  Botany 
Bay,  June,  1788  ;  estimated  at  1600  between 
Broken  Bay  and  Botany  Bay,  1803. 

Sonik  AugtrcUia,  According  to  the  census, 
there  were  39S3  aborinnals— 2203  males,  1750 
females.— March  26,  1876. 

Takfular  View,  representing  the  Numbers  of 
the  Aboriginal  Native  Population  scattered 
orer  various  Localities  of  tne  Colony  of  New 
South  Wales,  in  1848. 


LocaUty. 


DirtrictofPortPhmip 
GnntOoonty 
Belfiit,  Port  FEiiy 
Tamil  Western  Port 
rpiMr  Goolbum  ftnd 
Lover  Da 

Comitiy  N:  and  W.  of 
KiierLoddon 
Wertmi  Port  District 
PoftlndBKy    Da 
Vvray  Do. 

(^Lmd      Do. 

^ev  Sooth  Wales 
Glffi^dltowii 

BrUaoe  Water 

Gorfovd 

HorpeA 


WoilomU  k  McDonald 

River 
Lower  Hawlceabiiry  B. 
ViJeofdwyd 

F^ltetwn 
SngletoD 
Port  Haoqnarie 


3liidg«e 

Ktymood  Terraoe 

Bathnnt 

Pleton 

MTTiDia 
WoHongnny 

Ooolbom 

<^wuibeyan 

uatricta  of  Fish  Biyer 
tnd  Lake  George 
^KKlcay  River 
I>i*iietafMoretonBay 

IWUflff  Downs 

Nev  uDftland 

Marnonfaidgee 

Maoao 


No. 


6000 

200 
800 
186 
802 
200 
860 

ero 

1000 
8000 

200 
1000 
10,000 
17 
66 
47 
60 
28 
29 

78 
27 
22 
03 

160 
70 

870 
76 
66 
68 

160 
07 
40 
08 
26 
60 

150 

429 

4000 

600 

660 
2000 


Anth(Mrity. 


RoUnson,  G.P.A. 

Addis 

Rev.  J.  a.  Wilson 

Thomas,  Assist.  P.  A. 

PM'ker,     Do. 

Do.         Do. 

Do.         Do. 

Do.         Do. 
Powlett»  aCL. 
Fyans 
Smythe 
lyers 

Estimate  by  Author 
Rev.  J.  Innes 
Bench  of  Magistrates 

Da 
Rev.  E.  Rogers 

—  0.  A.  lOddleton 

—  C.  P.  N.  Wilton 

Dimlop 

Bev.  W.  W.  Sfanpaon 

—  C.  Stuart 
Bench  of  Magistrates 
Bev.  W.  Boss 

—  F.  Cameron 
Gray ;  Woodward 
Bench  of  MaelBtrates 
Bev.  J.  Ounuer 
Bench  of  Magistrates 

Do. 

Do. 

Da 
Bev.  M.  D.  Meares 
Bench  of  Magistrates 
Murray 

Bev.  B.  Oartwright 

Massie 

Widcham;  Simpson 

BoUeston 

MacDonald 

Bingham  C.C.L. 

Lunbie 


Victoria,  It  is  estimated  that  at  the  first 
colonisation  of  Port  Phillip  the  Aboriginals  num* 
bered  about  5,000.  When  Victoria  Decame  an 
independent  colony,  in  1851,  the  number  was 
officially  stated  to  be  2693.  According  to  the 
report  of  the  Central  Board  for  the  Protection 
of  the  Aboriginals,  dated  May  15th,  1875,  the 
numbers  then  amounted  to  1553.  The  number  of 
either  sex  is  not  given  in  the  Board's  estimate, 
but  taking  the  proportions  obtaining  at  the 
census  of  1871,  when,  however,  it  was  found 
impossible  to  enumerate  all  the  Aboriginals,  the 
males  should  number  915  and  the  females  638 ; 
in  January,  1878,  the  number  was  estimated 
at  1067.  The  census  collectors  in  1871 
succeeded  in  falling  in  with  1330  Aboriginals, 
of  whom  784  were  males  and  546  were  females. 
On  both  occasions  the  returns  of  the  Central 
Board  for  the  Protection  of  the  Aboriginals  gave 
a  higher  number  than  those  of  the  census.  At 
the  present  time  the  Secretary  to  the  Central 
Board  estimates  the  total  number  of  Aboriginals 
in  the  colony  to  be  1553.  557  Aboriflinals,  viz., 
302  males  and  255  females,  or  more  than  a  third, 
are  living  on  Aboriginal  stations,  which  are 
under  the  control  and  partial  support  of  the 
Gk>vemment.  The  remainder  wander  about  the 
colony  at  large.  Everv  effort  is  made  to  induce 
them  to  pursue  profitable  employments,  and  the 
education  of  the  voung  receives  attention.  They 
are  trained  to  labour,  but  the^  are  also  taught 
reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic,  and  they  are, 
as  a  nue,  apt  scholars. 

Western  Atutralia,  Number  of  abori^mals 
frequenting  the  settled  districts  of  Perth,  Tree- 
mantle,  Swan  Avon,  Wellington,  Sussex,  and 
Albany  estimated  at  1200,  18^  ;  estimated  at 
800,  1859. 

OuTRAOKS  AOAiKST. — ^Violation  and  ill-treat- 
ment of  five  native  women  bv  a  party  sent  to  cut 
rushes  in  one  of  the  bays  adjacent  to  the  settle- 
ment, 1788.  Twenty-eight  men,  women  and 
children  barbarously  murdered  at  Mr.  Henry 
Dangar^s  station.  Myall  Creek,  June,  1838.  [See 
Crimes,  1838.] 

Konlkoondeet  (Jajowrong)  and  another  man,  name  nn« 
known,  reported  by  ue  aboriginals  to  liave  been 
shot  by  two  white  men  when  exploring  the  coimtiy, 
March  or  April  (so  in  official  rsoord)  18W. 

Aboat  foarteen  men,  names  imknown,  shot  by  a  party 
ci  men  from  Bowman's,  Ebden's,  and  Taldwyn^  sta- 
tions, in  recovering  a  flock  of  Bowman's  sheep,  July, 
1888. 

Koorowumin  and  another  Jajowrong.  shot  by  Bowman's 
assigned  servants  at  the  Maiden  IlUls,  Februarv,  1889. 

Six  men,  names  unknown,  shot  by  the  Mounted  Police 
on  the  Campaspe,  Juno  22, 1830. 

Wikur,  Kerambumin,  and  another  Ttoungurong,  shot 
by  Monro  and  party  between  the  Colliban  and  Mount 
Alexander,  January,  1840. 

Pandarragooendeet,  a  Jajowrong  native,  shot  by  one  ot 
Dutton^s  assigned  servants,  who  afterwazds  abscon- 
ded, August,  1814. 

Fanumarramin,  a  Grampian  native,  shot  by  the  late  J.  F. 
Francis  in  his  sheepfold,  September  1840. 

Bonndcgoondeet,  Jojowl.  Kombonngarramln,  and  Per- 
tunarramin,  shot  by  J.  F.  Francis  in  the  Pyrenees, 
December  21, 1840. 

Oondu-mmhi,  a  Kalkalgoondet  native,  shot  by  Button's 
assigned  men  near  the  Lodden,  February  7, 1841. 

Mokfte,  (Jajowrong)  shot  near  Mount  Cole ;  it  is  said  by 
a  sputter.  Marsh,  1841. 


ABOBIOIHAL& 


Koeiqwcook,  a  TmBvmganmg,  riiot,  It  is  wiiiiuatd  by 

Bennett's  shepherd,  who  wtm  found  murdend.    Tlie 

black  WM  found  in  a  tree  badly  wounded,  and  died  tn 

Uelboume  hospital,  May,  1841. 
Two  men  reported  by  the  aboriginals  to  have  been  ahot 

near  Hall's,  at  the  foot  ol  the  Orsupiaas,  fay  Ball's 

hutkeeper,  July,  1841 
Xowsrrainin.  two  other  men,  and  a  girl,Teported  by  the 

aboriginals  to  have  been  shot  by  three  white  men 

near  lark's,  Puimmbeop,  July  or  AnBiut(so  in  oAoial 

record)  184L 
Bood  hood  yarramin,  reported  by  the  aboriginals  to  hare 

been   shot  by  Gaptam  Bunboxy's  atorekeqwr  near 

Mount  William,  August,  1841. 
The  bodies  of  three  aboriginal  women,  and  one  male 

ohfld,  found  dead,  and  an  aboriginal  wounded  by  a  gun 

^ot  in  a  tea-tree  scrub  near  the  station  of  Hesirs. 

Osbrey  and  Smith,  Portland  distinct  (now  Western 

Victoria),  February  25, 1842. 
A  tribe  of  about  sixty  slaughtered  in  return  for  Franr 

massacre,  Dawson  Kiver,  1857.- 
About    170    blacks  slaughtered  In   Medway  Bangea, 

<|aeensland,  by  poUoe  and  others,  in  ntum  for  Wills' 
Oct.  and  Nov^  1881. 


OUTKAOXS   ET. 

81s  oonviots  and  two  soMieis,  oattbig  mwhes,  kiDed,  in 

retaliation  for  the  ill-treatment  by  them  of  five  native 

women  at  one  of  the  bavd  odjaoent  to  the  N.S.W.  settle- 
ment, henceforward  csJled  Kushcutter's  Bay,  1788. 
The  aboriginal  natives  during  the  year  1809  oommitted 

many  aotB  of  aggression,  including  the  murdering  and 

spearing  of  many  of  the  colonists,  the  destruction  cl 

OEttie,  and  other  acts  of  violence. 
Sbqdierd  of  W.  Bowman's,  killed  by  the  Tkoangunnga. 

near  Mount  Alexander,  May  or  June  (solnoffioialreeord) 

18S8. 
Shepherd  and  hut-keeper  of  Mr.  C.  Button's,  klHed  near 

the  Oampame,  May  22, 1830. 
Shepherd  of  Messrs.  Jenninga  and  Playne's  (soooessom  to 

Mr.  Huston)  killed  near  the  Ounpaspe,  June,  1840. 
Hutkeeper  of  Mr.  Wills,  killed  near  Mount  William, 

November  21, 1840. 
Hutkeeper  of  Mr.  (H^haat,  killed  near  the  Fyvenaes  by 

the  Balkalgoondeet  natives.  Match  10, 1841. 
Shepherd  of  Mr.  Bennett's,  killed  by  the  TaounguroDgi 

-on  the  Gampaspe,  May,  1841. 
M.  A.  M.  Alien,  kiiledby  the  MaOgooadeet  natives,  on 

the  Loddon,  March  IS,  1842. 
Two  men  in  the  service  of  Mr.  Irvine,  at  the  Pyrenees, 

attained  and  wounded,  February,  1842. 
SevenJ  head  of  cattle  speared  on  Mr.  Hall's  run  near  the 

Grampians,  Mardi,  1842. 
About  thirty  head  of  she^  8catterod,and  several  of  them 

tUAva  by  the  Belokepor  and  Utowolbulloh  natives  at 

Messrs.  Birch's,  1848. 
Andrew  Beveridgo,  a  young  settler,  murdered  in  Port 

Phillip  district,  Lower  Murmy,  by  a  number  of  blacks, 

August  23,  184€. 
Mr.  Fraser,  wife,  children,  and  governess,  massacred 

near  Dawson  River,  1857. 
Mr.  H.  S.  Wills,  Baker,  his  overseer.  Baker's  two  sons, 

and  eleven  other  persons  massacred  at  Cullinkuiringo 

Station,  Queenahmd,  Oct.  17, 1861. 
Mr.   Johnson,  telegraph  station-master,    Daly-waters, 

q>eared  by  blacks,  June,  1875. 
Handle  Bc^n  and  another  white  man  shot  by  blacks 

on  Daintrce  River,  Queensland,  December  16, 1877. 
Cowardly  attack  on  and  wounding  of  Mr.  Hartley  and 

Oapt.  Sykes  at  the  North  Shore,  nearCooktown,  Queens- 

h^,  by  a  Iturge  band  of  armed  blacks,  February  0, 1879. 
B.  Mavio,  with  three  white  men,  who  went  with  Beckett's 

cattle  to  Sulieman  Creek,  were  flbund  miudered  by 

blacks,  owing  to  the  treachery  of  their  own  bhudc  boy, 

who  had  instructed  themurdersrs  to  rush  between  the 

whites  and  the  camp  while  the  men  were  bathing, 

February  27, 1879. 
Duncan  Mackay.  while  searching  for  water,  was  supposed 

to  have  been  killed  by  blacks,  at  Herbert  Downs,  Feb- 

ruazy,  1879.    [See  Abokwixals,  Attacks  bt.] 

Pbotectors  of.  Launcelot  Edward  Threl- 
keld,  Lake  Macquarie  ;  John  and  Mary  Handt, 
Moreton  Bay  ;  Georee  Lanffhome,  Fort  Phillip ; 
William  ana  Ann  Watson,  Wellington  Valley — 
1832.    G.  A.  Kobinaon,  Taanania,  1880  to  1835. 


Rbuabxablb.  Captoe  of  tlw  warlike  Af- 
ftcMioo  an  aborigmal,  90  yean  of  age,  by  Ltent 
Ball  and  lieat.  George  JohnBton  in  Port  Jack- 
eon  ;  was  taken  charge  of  and  well  treated  hf 
tkie  Governor ;  Ara^ta^noo  aoon  beoaaie  qiati 
reconoiled  and  friendly,  but  waa  aeiaed  with  tbi 
small-poK,  and  died  May  15,  1780. 

Betmelcngf  a  voung  native  taken  prisoner, 
and  treated  kindly  by  Goremor  PhilUp,  Novem- 
ber 25,  1789.  Bennekmg  taken  with  anothe 
native  to  England  by  Governor  Phillip,  Decem- 
ber 11,  1792;  reioraed  with  Governor  Hunter, 
and  quickly  resumed  his  old  habits ;  claimed  for 
himself  the  character  of  a  chief,  and  took  to 
the  bush,  September  7,  1795. 

Jatkey  j€u:kejf,  companion  of  Kennedy,  the 
explOTer,  received  medal,  1854.  [See  Kknkidt, 
Edmitni)  B.] 

Jfoagwito,  a  noied  bushranger.  [Set  Bon- 
KANGERS  ( Van  DiemaC9  LQmi).'\ 

Satmrday,  a  notorious  ringleader  of  insurec- 
tionary  blacks,  New  South  Wales,  inspired  the 
colonists  with  great  terror,  1828 ;  900  aerei  of 
land  offered  for  his  capture,  1824;  was  osp- 
tured,  but  not  without  requiring  six  men  to 
secure  him,  and  a  mn^et  waa  brdken  on  his 
ribs  before  he  could  be  manacled. 

Boongarie,  a  noted  king,  settled  at  George's 
Head,  1815 ;  died,  and  was  buried  at  Garden 
Island,  November  24,  1830. 

OooMeberry,  Queen,  wife  of  King  Boongarie, 
was  one  of  the  last,  if  not  the  last,  of  the  Port 
Jackson  tribe. 

Remarkable  Cavb  of.  Discovered  by  the 
explorer  King  on  his  fourth  expedition,  st 
Princess  Charlotte  Bay ;  a  variety  of  nstive 
paintings  were  on  the  widls. — 1821. 

School  for  the  Children  of.  Founded  at 
Parramatta  under  the  auspices  of  Governor 
Macquarie,  December  8,  1814. 

Small-pox  amongst.  Spread  of  small-pox 
among  the  Sydney  blacks,  hundieds  died, 
1788-9;  amonfist  the  Port  Macquarie  blacks; 
large  number  died.     December,  1831. 

Weapons  OF.  Boomerang.  A  curious  aboiigiiuJ 
weapon  ;  is  of  a  curved  form,  made  of  a  piece  of 
hard  wood,  thirty  to  forty  inches  in  leneth,  two 
and  a-half  to  three  inches  wide  at  the  broadest 
part,  and  tapering  away  at  each  end  nearly  to  a 
point  ;  the  concave  part  is  from  one-eighth  to 
one-fourth  of  an  inch  thick,  and  the  convex 
quite  sharp.  A  native  can  throw  this  simple 
instrument  forty  or  fifty  yards,  horiaontaily 
skimming  along  the  surface  not  more  than  three 
or  four  feet  from  the  ground,  when  it  will  sod- 
denly  rise  into  the  air  to  the  height  of  fifty  or 
sixty  yards,  describing  a  oonsideraole  curve,  and 
finally  fall  at  his  feet.  During  the  whole  of  this 
evolution,  the  boomerang  keeps  turning  viib 
great  rapidity,  like  a  piece  of  wood  revolving  on 
a  pivot,  and  with  a  whizzing  noise.  It  is  not 
easy  to  comprehend  by  what  law  of  projection 
the  boomerang  is  made  to  take  the  singalar 
direction  it  does.    In  the  hands  of  a  European 


ABOBIOINAI& 


7 


it  ii  a  dangerous  w«a»oii,  m  it  may  retom  and 
rtnke  the  thrower ;  rat  tba  Abongiaal  can  in- 
ifioi  with  it  on  otiien  the  noat  deadly  Woonda. 

Nullah  NuOah  and  Waddy  aro  clufaB  of  dif- 
fenat  nm  and  aoliditj  ;  of  the  latter  there  are 
wvenl  sizes. 

S^ar.  This  is  about  ten  feet  long,  as  tliick 
as  &  man*8  finger,  tapering  to  a  point,  sometimes 
jagged  or  buSed,  and  hardened  in  the  fire ;  this 
they  can  throw  from  fifty  to  sixty  yards  with 
great  precision,  the  impetus  being  greatly  in- 
creasea  by  tJie  use  of  tbe  Wctrntrafoa,  or  throwing 
itick. 

TomaJun^,  This  is  made  of  stone,  sometimes 
of  jasper,  fastened  with  a  hard  gum  between  a 
dift  8ti<^  ;  one  of  its  uses  is  to  cut  notches  in 
trees  of  fifty  or  sixty  feet  high,  which  are  too 
thick  to  be  grasped  in  the  trunk  and  have  no 
bwer  branches. 

Womerowa,  This  ia  a  piece  of  wood  from  two 
to  three  feet  in  length.  alMut  three  inches  broad 
xfc  one  end,  and  going  off  to  a  point  at  the  other, 
towfaidi  a  sort  of  book  is  fastened ;  the  hook  is 
inaerted  into  a  small  hole  at  the  extremity  of 
the  spear,  aod  tlw  womerawa  beins  grasped  at  the 
fanaa  pert,  acta  somewhat  on  the  pnnciple  of 
the  dii^,  enabling  a  powerful  man  to  send  the 
spear  awve  a  hunored  yards. 

Wmn  Mmr  with.  WWiam  BueUey,  "  the 
viU  white  mam  **  of  the  Australian  Bush,  was 
one  of  those  implicated  in  the  conspiracy  among 
the  soldietB  of  Uibraltar  to  assassinate  the  Duke 
af  Kent  He  waa  transported  with  the  first  fleet 
af  eoDTicts  in  "The  Ocean"  and  "Calcutta,** 
andcr  Govenior  Collins,  to  settle  Port  Phillip  in 
IN3;  he  eeci^ied  with  serend  others,  and 
CeOiiw  and  hia  party  abandoned  the  settlement 
a  few  days  af  terworas.  Buckley  fell  in  with  the 
Usi^  and  waa  received  into  their  tribe,  and 
bved  smoog  them  for  32  years.  He  was  found 
in  1835  hy  the  first  permanent  white  settlers  in 
IVxt  Phillip.  He  had  loet  his  language  and  sunk 
to  the  lcT«  of  a  aavage.  He  aftowards  became 
nefol  to  the  white  colonists  as  an  interpreter  ; 
hediedinHobart  Town  in  1856. 

JantM  Davk*,  son  of  a  Scotch  blacksmith,  was 
transported  to  New  South  Wales  per  ship 
"Mmstrer*  in  1824,  being  only  16  years  of  age. 
For  sense  offence  he  was  sent  from  Sydney  to 
Horeton  Bay  settlement  ;  shortly  afterwards 
thsooeded  from  Capt.  Logan's  (of  57th  Regt.)» 
exploring  party,  and  took  to  the  bush.  iJter 
hemg  14  years  with  the  blacks,  was  found  by 
llr.  Andrew  Petrie,  and  returned  to  cirilised 
fifc  in  1842.  Davis  had  a  companion  with  him 
vfaen  he  abeconded,  who  was  after  a  short 
period  with  the  natives  killed  for  desecrating 
the  booes  of  their  dead. 

Jama  Morrill,  bom  at  Maldon,  Essex,  Eng- 
Ittd ;  sailed  from  Sydney  for  China  on  board 
^ae  **  Pemvian,"  Captain  George  Pitkelh;^,  of 
I>Bndee,  February  28, 1846 ;  on  March  8th,  driven 
hyitorman  Horse-shoe  reef  near  Port  Denison  ;  22 
ioqIb  on  board,  took  refuge  on  a  raft,  and  7 
"irvivoia  after  42  days  were  washed  ashore  near 
Cape  Cleveland  ;  all  these  died  with  the  excep- 


tion of  Morrill,  who  remained  ynth  tiie  bUwki^ 
and  was  rescued  from  them  in  February,  1863. 
[See  PAMFHun*.] 

Narasne  Pierre  PeUaUer,  mm  of  a  shoemaker 
of  Saint  Gillies,  near  Bordeanx  ;  in  1858 
was  cabin  boy  of  the  ahip  "St.  Paul,"  of 
Bordeaux,  during  a  voyage  from  China  to 
Australia,  where  we  was  conveying  350  Chinese 
immijg^ranta.  The  vessel  strock  on  a  reef  in 
Lousida  group  and  became  a  tetal  wreck,  the 
captain,  crew  and  Chinese  reaching  an  island, 
where  the  latter  were  deserted  by  the  crew,  the 
boats  being  insufiicient  to  carry  more  than  them- 
selves, and  after  traversing  some  600  miles  they 
landed  on  the  Austndian  shore  at  "First  Bed 
Bocky  Point  "  soqth  of  Cape  Direction  ;  heee 
the  crew  abandoned  Peliatier  and  took  to  the 
boat  again,  and  it  is  said  eventually  reached 
New  Qdedonia.  After  the  Chinese  were  de- 
serted as  above  the  cannibal  blacks  there  appear 
to  have  eaten  them  all  in  the  moat  methoaioal 
manner,  daughtering  them  two  at  a  time  for 
food  when  they  required  it ;  sixteen,  the  scde 
survivors,  were  at  last  rescued  by  a  paMiag 
vesseL  The  blacks  of  C^>e  Direction,  however, 
fiiMJiwg  the  deserted  and  almost  dying  Peliatier, 
treated  the  boy  with  the  greatdst  kindness,  fed 
him  and  finaUy  took  him  to  their  camp,  and 
witii  this  tribe,  known  in  their  own  tongne  aa 
Makadamas,  he  remained  seventeen  years  untfl 
he  was  discovered  and  taken  away  by  the  crew 
of  the  "John  Bell,"  a  pearl  schooner  then 
lying  at  Night  Ishmd.  On  April  Uth,  1875, 
when  discovered,  Narcisse  Peliatier  was  stark 
naked  like  the  tribe  of  blacks  he  was  with ;  hia 
body  was  burned  by  the  sun  to  a  rich  red  colour^ 
his  skin  had  quite  a  glased  appearance,  and  his 
breast  was  adorned  with  raised  lines  of  flesh 
(scarified)  of  the  thickness  of  a  pencil,  whilst 
the  lobe  of  the  right  ear  was  ornamented  with  a 
piece  of  wood  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter 
and  four  inehes  long.  The  cuts  on  his  breaat, 
of  which  he  was  very  proud,  were  made  with 
pieces  of  brc^en  quartz,  the  lips  of  the  cuts  being 
raised  bv  a  series  of  constant  pinching  dnrin^g 
the  heaung  process.  He  states  at  first  his 
thoughta  oontinnally  reverted  to  hie  parenta  and 
his  country,  but  as  years  rolled  on  these  faded 
from  his  memory  and  he  became  thoroughly 
identified  with  the  blacks,  from  whom  at  the 
time  of  his  rescue  it  was  not  his  wish  to  part^ 
and  not  their  wish  for  him  to  go.  His  life 
appears  to  have  been  principally  passed  in  fish- 
ing and  hunting  and  occasionally  nghting  with  a 
neighbouring  tribe.  Although  a  mere  boy  when 
deserted  he  had  retained  his  luiowledge  of  reading 
and  writing  and  counting  with  ease  up  to  one 
hundred,  and  he  drew  some  excellent  sketches 
of  the  animals  he  had  hunted.  He  returned  to 
France  a  few  months  after  being  discovered. 

JoIm  JRenUm,  a  shipwrecked  sailor,  who  had 
been  twenty  years  with  the  aboriginals  <m  one 
of  the  islands  north  of  Queenslano,  was  rescued 
by  the  master  of  the  "Bobtail  Nag,"  July, 
1874.  Benton  was  killed  in  the  South  Seas  by 
natives  while  acting  as  labour  agent  for  Queenar* 
land  Grovernment,  Tcbruary,  1879. 


8 


ABORIGINES— ADELAIDE  RIVER 


ABORIGINES.  This  is  »  term  employed 
to  denote  the  original  or  primitive  mhabi- 
tanti  of  a  ooontiy.  The  aborigines  of  Aus- 
traUa  form  a  distinct  race,  to  which  the  term 
Papoas  or  oriental  negroes  has  been  assigned ; 
and  whether  on  the  northern  and  tropical, 
or  southern  and  temperate,  shores  of  Australia, 
they  possess  the  thick  prominent  lips,  sanken 
eyes,  high  cheek-bones,  and  calveless  less  of 
the  African,  differing,  however,  in  the  nair, 
which  is  long  and  coarse.  The  nose,  though 
largo,  is  not  so  flat  as  that  of  the  Am- 
canders ;  indeed  it  is  sometimes  of  a  Roman 
form  ;  and  the  forehead  is  high,  narrow,  and  at 
the  crown  formed  somewhat  after  the  manner 
of  the  roof  of  a  house.  They  are  of  middle 
height,  few  being  of  lofty  stature ;  the  women 
are  small  and  well  made,  as  indeed  is  generally 
tihe  case  with  the  male  sex  ;  the  hands  and  feet 
small,  the  shoulders  finely  rounded,  but  the 
abdomen  frequentl^^  protuberant,  and  the  arms 
long ;  the  features  in  youth  are  not  unpleasing ; 
in  some  women  the  smile  may  be  considered 
almost  fascinating,  added,  as  it  is,  to  an  easiness 
of  manner  and  an  harmonious  voice.  The  colour 
of  the  skin  and  hair  is  in  general  black,  bub 
some  tribes  have  been  seen  of  a  lighter  colour, 
approaching  that  of  the  Malay,  with  hair  of  a 
readish  cast.  Some  possess  large  beards,  but 
many  pluck  out  the  hair  by  the  root.  As  is  the 
case  with  all  savages,  the  head  is  the  principal 
part  for  decoration  ;  some  divide  the  hair  into 
small  parcels,  each  of  which  is  matted  together 
with  gum,  and  formed  into  lengths  like  the 
thrums  of  a  mop  ;  others,  by  means  of  vellow 
cum,  fasten  on  the  head  the  front  teeth  of  a 
kanffaroo,  the  jaw-bones  of  a  fish,  human  teeth, 
featners,  pieces  of  wood,  tails  of  doij^g,  ftc.  Oil 
of  any  quality  is  used  with  avidity  for  pre- 
serving tne  skin  from  mosquitoes,  &c.,  and  the 
breasts,  arms,  back,  &c.,  are  covered  at  an  early 
ajn  with  cicatrices  of  every  variety  of  form. 
Ae  nudes  of  most  tribes  have  the  front  tooth 
struck  out  on  attaining  puberty,  and  the  women 
are  frequently  obeervra  with  a  joint  of  the  little 
finger  cut  off.  When  going  to  war,  or  grieving 
for  a  deceased  friend,  or  occasionally  even  for 
ornament,  white  and  yellow  pigments  are 
•  applied  in  streaks  over  the  whole  oody,  accord- 
ing to  the  taste  of  the  decorator — such  as  a  large 
white  cirole  round  each  eve,  waving  lines  down 
--and  across  the  thiehs  and  legs.  In  general,  it 
may  be  said  that  tne  whole  of  the  aborigines  of 
this  vast  island  are  of  the  same  stock,  thouffh  it 
is  not  a  little  singular  that  their  languages  differ 
so  much  that  tnoes  within  short  dis^ces  of 
•'each  other,  unless  inhabiting  the  bank  of  the 
.-same  river,  are  quite  strangers  to  each  other, 
whilst  almost  every  laree  community,  or  family 
.as  they  may  be  termed,  has  its  own  peculiar 
-dialect.  Of  their  numbers  it  is  difficult  to  form 
-a  correct  idea ;  depending,  however,  as  they  do, 
entirely  on  the  cnase  or  fishing,  or  on  gum  or 
bulbous  roots,  and  subject  to  the  effects  of  long 
drouffhts,  the  country  is  very  thinly  peopled. 
No  houses  are  constructed ;  an  ovemanging 
rock,  or  a  sUp  of  bent  bark,  serves  for  temporary 


shelter.  In  many  places  a  log  of  wood,  or  ^ 
wide  sUp  of  bark  tied  at  either  end,  and  staffed 
with  day,  is  the  only  mode  invented  for  croM- 
ing  a  river  or  arm  of  the  sea ;  whOst  in  ofcher 
ptfts  of  the  country  a  large  treC}  roughly  hA- 
lowed  by  fire,  forms  the  canoe. 

ACADEMY  OF  ART.     [See    Picture  Gal- 

LBSIES.] 

ACCLIMATISATION. 

Victorian  Acclimatisation  Society  founded, 
1861. 

Queensland  Acclimatisation  Society  inaoga- 
rated,  August  18,  1862. 

New  South  Wales  Zoological  Society  founded, 
Maroh  24,  1879. 

ADDRESS,  Early. 

Copy  of  address  presented  to  Governor  Boorke 
at  Port  Phillip,  Melbourne,  March  4,  1837  :- 

To  His  Excellency  M»jor<3eDerml  Sir  Ricfaazd  BoqtIu. 
K.C.B.,  G&ptafQ-GeDeni  and  Qovernor-in-Chief  of  the 
territoiy  of  New  South  Wales  and  its  Dependeodes, 

Sir,— We,  the  underaigned  inhabitants  of  Port  FhilUp, 
beg:  to  approach  yonr  Excellency,  >Ad  offer  you  our  oon- 
gratulationB  upon  your  safe  unrival  in  thia  portian  of 
your  Government.  The  pleasure  we  experience  in  thus 
addressing  your  Excellency  is  enhanced  by  the  oonsidfln- 
tion  that  your  arrival  dissipates  tiie  reports  ^nhkh  hid 
reached  us  of  jrour  Excellences  reriicnation,  and  \Ad»  ru 
hope  that  the  colony  may  continue  to  derive  advantage 
from  the  exercise  of  those  talents  which  have  always  been 
exerted  for,  and  have  tended  materially  to  advanoeito 

{>ro8perity.  We  cannot  sufficiently  thank  vour  ExceDencjr 
br  having  at  so  early  a  period  visited  this  newly  settled 
district  It  is  very  important  that  the  sites  of  towns,  sod 
other  prellmlnarj;,  arrangements,  should  be  speedily  and 
efBcientlY  determined,  and  we  congratulate  ourselves  that 
these  wiu  be  effectet^  under  your  Excellency's  perroial 
superintendence.  We  may,  periiaps,  be  allowed  to  exnres 
our  regret  that  so  few  are  present  to  meet  your  ExoeIi«ie:f 
on  this  occasion,  but  the  absence  of  several  from  the  dis- 
tant position  of  the  reddenoes  of  others,  have  prevented 
many  from  manifesting  their  respect  and  attadmiait  to 

Sour  Excellency,  and  Joining  us  in  welcoming  you  to  thu 
iteresting  and  important  part  of  New  South  Wales. 

ADELAIDR 

First  arrival  of  cattle  overland  at  Adelaide, 
April  3,  1838.  First  municipal  election,  Ade- 
laide, South  Australia,  October  31,  1840; 
Stanley  Stokes,  returning  officer ;  first  alder- 
men—James Hurtle  Fiwer,  A.  H.  Baris. 
Matthew  Smellie,  and  George  Stephenson. 
James  Hurtle  Fisher  elected  first  Mayor,  which 
office  he  resigned  January  6,  1842.  Two  hun- 
dred German  immigrants  arrived,  September  18, 
1844.  Foundation  stone  of  Town  Hall  laid, 
May  4,  1864 ;  opened,  June  20,  1865  ;  cost  of 
erection  about  £25,000.  Foundation  stone  of 
New  Post  Office,  Victoria  Tower,  Adelaide,  laid, 
November  1,  1867.    [See  South  Australia.] 

ADELAIDE  River,  falls  into  Clarence  Straits. 
N.W.  Australia,  and  so  cidled,  in  honour  of 
Adelaide,  the  Queen  Dowager :  discovered  by 
Stokes,  1839. 


AGENT— AGRICULTURE. 


9 


AGENT,  CoLOKiAK 

Shtart  Donaldson,  Eoj,  Afent  for  the  Colonies 
Jannaiy  6,  1830.  [Firat  Coiomal  Agency  :  sub- 
leqnently  became  paid  office  under  the  title  of 
AAat-Ckaeral.] 

The  sam  of  £1400  placed  on  the  Estimates  at 
the  di^weal  of  Mr.  Lytton  Bolwer  to  be  em- 
ployed m  promoting  the  claims  of  the  Colonies 
m  England,  1835. 

A6ENT&-OENEBAL. 

Hoo.  Arthnr  Blyth,  appointed  Agent-General 
for  Soath  Australia,  Febmary  16,  1877. 

SrCCESSION  OF. 

New  South  Wales.— HoiL  W.  C.  Mayne  :  Sir 
C.  Cowper:  Hon.  William  Forster. 

New  Zwkmd, — Hon.  Isaac  E  Featherston  : 
Sir  Jolins  VogeL 

QweatdoMd, — Hon.  John  Douglas  :  Hon.  R. 
Damtree :  Hon.  A  Macalister. 

SwOk  Jiu«ralia.~Hon.  F.  S.  Dutton :  Hon. 
A.  Blyth. 

Firtoria.— Right  Hon.  H.  C.  E  Childers  :  Sir 
G.  Verdon :  Sir  A.  Michie. 

[<fee  PARTJAmeNTARY  AOBNTS.] 

AGRICULTURAL  SOCIETY.  [5^  Socibties.] 

AGRICULTURE 

Pint  harvest  gathered  in  N.S.W.  at  Rose 
HiU,  Parramatta,  December,  1789 ;  1000  acres 
cleiied  and  in  cultivation  in  the  Sydney  and 
Pair&matta  districts,  1791 ;  land  in  cultivation, 
17S3  acres,  December  11,  1792.  The  year's 
livrest  yielded  14,000  bushels  of  wheat,  1793  ; 
cnltiTstion,  3361  acres  of  wheat,  1527  acres  of 
nuize,    and    26    acres    of   barley,    besides    a 


considerable  quantity  of  sarden  ground,  1796. 
From  15,000  to  20,000  bushels  of  wheat,  respec- 
tively, produced  in  the  Hawkesbuiy  district  in 
1798  and  1799 ;  7677  acres  of  Umd  under  culti- 
vation in  New  South  Wales,  1799 ;  according  to 
the  AgrkuUurcU  SttUistics,  the  quantilnr  of  land 
under  cultivation  in  the  three  principal  districts 
— Parramatta,  Hawkesbuiy,  and  Sydney — was 
4392  acres  of  wheat  and  1436  acres  of  maize,  1799. 
Bust  in  toheai  first  appeared  in  New  South 
Wales  crops,  October,  1803.  12,860  acres  under 
crop  ;  48,885  acres  located  ;  com  in  the  public 
store— 15,831  bushels  of  wheat,  62,094  bushels 
of  maize,  besides  that  in  possession  of  indivi- 
duals, 1806.  Affricultunu  Society  of  New 
South  Wales  founded  July  5,  1822.  The  colony 
blest  with  an  abundant  harvest ;  so  abundant 
that,  in  one  dav,  the  price  of  wheat  fell  from 
25s.  to  lOs.  a  Dushel,  1824.  Great  failure  of 
the  crops  occurred,  owing  to  a  very  lonfi| 
drought  prevailing,  and  the  non-amval  m 
foreign  supplies  caused  a  scarcity  to  be'  appre- 
hended^ and  the  rations  per  head  to  all  persons 
maintained  by  the  Government  were  reduced, 
and  a  notification  was  issued  requesting  private 
families  to  reduce  the  consumption  of  flour, 
1828.  Remarkable  abundance  of  the  crops  all 
over  the  colony  of  New  South  Wales,  1836. 
The  produce  of  the  crops  of  the  Colonies  of 
Victoria,  New  South  Wales,  Queensland,  South 
Australia,  Western  Australia,  Tasmania,  and 
New  Zealand  for  the  years  1876-7  was  as  fol- 
lows :  —  Wheat,  18,654,257  bushels  ;  oats, 
8,091,848  bushels ;  barley,  1,830,396  bushels ; 
maize,  6,297,318  ;  other  cereaU  (including  beans 
and  pease),  609,008  bushels ;  potatoes,  318,708 
tons  ;  hay,  630,347  tons ;  and  1,868,355  gallons 
of  wine. 


Statistics,  1876-7. — Land  in  Cultivation  in  Australia. 

*.*  Tkt  Afrievltarml  Statittks  In  most  of  th«  Cotoatot  arc  eollcetMl  la  the  monthft  of  FiFbraarr  and  March  of  each  rear.  The  pretaat 
rrfwna  ara  t»r  thorn  montha  of  U77.  la  calfnlattng  tlie  ratca  of  tUlafc  per  head,  the  population  on  the  Stat  December,  1876,  haa  been 
takta. 


XiaeorColooj. 

Nvmber  of  Acres 
under  TUIafe. 

Number  of  Acrec  under— 

ToUl. 

Per  Head 
of  popu- 
lation. 

Wheat. 

Oata. 

Barlej. 

Malse. 

Other     PoU- 
Cereal«.    toea. 

Haj. 

Tlaca. 

Greea 
Forage.f 

Other  ^ 
TUlaice^ 

t^ktofia 

5Ufi¥i 
AbjOA 

1-47 

•« 

•46 

6-71 

1-68 

40M17 

145,910 

5,700 

l/m.732 

1«,76» 

115,100 

21/« 

162 

2,014 

1.461 

25/Q4 

lO/M 
6,245 

1,600 

U6;mu 

41,705 

•  • 

TO 

22,388  '   40,450 

1,571      14,171 

270  1     3,918 

4^480  1     5,091 

1,378  1        370 

147,408 

111,946 

9,4Z1 

91,997 

16,856 

4,765 

4,457 

823 

4,554 

784 

363,554 

61,516 

4^1 

85,-i66 

iio;nii| 

18>49f 
376,874 

VvvSmthW^ca 

<*»»»tM«Ba    .  i  ^x 

$««thA«rtraUa  '.'. 

Vcrictm  Avvtralia .t 

1 

Total 

333,SB 

••787 ,8M 

1-78 

a-15 

1-97 

1,655,227 

38,877 
141  ^14 

141,574 

23,600 

150,717 

47^685 

6;2fie 

27,079 

15»,74» 

•  • 

•  ■ 

30,097 
7,263 

«  • 

64,010 

7,964 
16,204 

377,570 

29,661 
49,760 

15,083 

■  e 
•  • 

464,1M 

114,878 
••32,430 

436,209 

103,856 
360,381 

TMBtate 

Sev  Zetland  

Graad  Total 

4,611,745 

1*87        1JB3AJB1M 

315,800 

81,032 

150,749 

37,360 

88,166 

456,894 

15/W3 

611,SM 

908^456 

•      '        1 

•  ladndJsc  beaaa  and  peaae. 

f  in  addHfoa  to  crop*  aown  for  the jpurpote  of  belaf  cut  yreen  ffor  cattle,  thia  column  contains  the  foUowinfc  areas  laid  down  In  permanent 
artiicul  fnaa  in  the  Colooieft  named :— victoris.  333,751  acres ;  Qaeensland,  7.291  acres ;  Houfh  Australia, 21, 949  acre* ;  Taamania,  113,571  acree. 

{la  the  retara^  of  some  of  the  Colonies  this  column  embrace*  land  in  fallow  as  well  aa  land  under  crop.  The  following  are  the  areas  in 
«B«i«  laclnded  in  the  rctuma  of  such  Colonies .— Victoria,  8t,15i  acree ;  South  Auatratia,  261,101  acres ;  Taamania,  21,532  acre* ;  New  Zealand, 
**J^  seres. 

)  lacladlac  7S5  acre*  under  beet, carrots, parsnip*,  turnip*,  and  cabbai^e,  which  produced  5,199  tons;  1J2M  acres  under  msngel-wuncel, 
•UehDrodund  15,3MKtaiaa;  1,479  acre*  under  tobacco,  which  produced  I4,413cwt.;  1,899  acres  under  (rra**  fterds,  which  produced  38,249  buahela.  Ac . 

t  lacludiac  6,754  acrea  under  sn^ar-cane,  which  produced  10,Bl33,S90lba.  of  sugar ;  53  acre*  under  arrowroot,  which  produced  M,4Mlbs. ; 
ad  3n  aem  under  tniMcco,  which  produced  2,440cwt. 

T  laelndtn^  l-f,9no  acres  under  sufar-cane,  119  acrea  under  arrowroot,  59  acres  under  tobacco,  57J  acre*  under  cotton,  345  acre*  under 
»**»••,  151  sere*  under  pine«pnle*,  Ac. 

"  la  the  icurr*  for  New  Zealand  the  laad  under  permanent  artiacialcraas,  amonntinc  to  2,166,885  acre*,  la  not  included  in  the  land  under 
r<«9  hn^  and  in  the  t*Ul  area  under  tiUa((e,  aa  in  the  other  Colonic*.  Wen'  It  ao  included  it  would  brinff  the  land  under  green  forage  up  to 
24>i,i44  acres,  the  total  lawl  under  tUlage  up  to  2,940,706  acre*,  and  the  laad  under  tillage  per  head  of  population  up  to  7-I7  acres. 


10 


ALBANY— APPODnaaaJTS. 


ALBANY,  WsBXBBH  Avwfbahjl  The  cite 
of  Albany,  Western  A1»tI•liJ^  chosen  18S7. 

ALBERT  RivsR  diaooveied  by  Captein  Stokes, 
1838. 

ALBIOK.  Name  first  given  to  the  settlement 
at  Sydney  Coye,  Port  Jaokaon,  1788. 

ALEXANDRIA  LAND.  Added  to  South 
Australia,  1862. 

ALFRED,  H.R.H.  Princr,  Dukb  of  Edik- 
BDSGH.  Landed  at  Adelaide  in  o(Hnmand  of 
H.M.S.  '*Galatea,"  October  30,  1867  ;  in  Mel- 
bourne, November  23,  1867  ;  in  Sydney,  in  the 
''Galatea,"  January  21,  1868;  Brisbane,  Febru- 
ary 25,  1868 ;  shot  by  a  man  named  OTarrell, 
at  Clontarf,  Sydney  harbour  (bullet  entering  at 
back,  but  not  proNong  fatal),  ereat  indignation, 
OTarrell*B  life  being  saved  only  by  the  protec- 
tion of  the  police,  March  12,  1868;  left  Sydney, 
^ril6,  1861  ;  second  visit  to  Victoria,  Feoruary 
22,  1869 ;  arrived  in  New  Zealand,  April  II, 
1869;  second  visit  to  Sydney  in  "Galatea," 
September  15,  1870. 

ALPACAS. 

The  expediency  of  importing  them  into  New 
South  Wales  first  suggested,  1844. 

Meeting  held  in  Sydney  with  a  view  of  initi- 
ating measures  to  introduce  alpaca  sheep  into 
the  Colony,  when  it  was  proposed  to  raise 
£2000  for  the  purpose  of  importing  a  flock  oon- 
tainxng  400  breeding  ewes,  1850. 

Llamas,  Alpacas,  and  Vicuna  sheep  intro- 
duced into  the  Colony.  280  (a  mixed  flock) 
were  lauded  in  Sydney  ex  Salvadora,  from  the 
Chilian  port  of  Caldera,  South  America.  The 
importer  was  Mr.  Charles  Ledger,  who  had  been 
for  a  considerable  time  establumed  in  Peru.  In 
obtaining  these  sheep  he  endured  many  hard- 
ships and  privations ;  he  travelled  through 
Peru,  Bolivia,  and  the  Argentine  Mountains. 
The  number  of  each  sort  landed  in  Sydney  were  : 
46  male  alpacas,  pure  bred;  38  female  ditto, 
pure  bred ;  110  female  llamas  ;  27  ditto  crossed 
m  first  generation,  between  alpaca  and  llama ; 
11  ditto,  second  generation,  between  male  alpaca 
and  female  from  the  first  cross ;  5  ditto,  tnird 
generation,  from  male  alpaca  and  female  from 
second  cross ;  40  lambs  of  first,  second,  and 
third  cross  ;  4  male  and  1  female  vicunas.  Pedro 
Cabreba,  who  had  travelled  with  Mr.  Ledger 
seven  years,  was  the  overseer :  November  28, 
1858 ;  the  Government  became  possessed  of  the 
imported  flock  of  llama  sheep  (having  purchased 
them  for  the  sum  of  £15,000),  and  undertook 
measures  for  the  management  of  them  at  a  cost 
of  £1000  per  annum,  April,  1859. 

ANGORA  GOATS.  Mr.  M'CuUouch,  of 
Maryborough,  subscribed  £600  towards  the 
introduction  of  Cashmere  and  Angora  goats, 
1866. 


ANNIVERSARY  DAY.  A]iiiiTenvyof{oiDi> 
dation  of  the  Colony  celebrated  with  great 
spirit,— public  dinner  given  to  Mr.  W.  C  West- 
worth  (tneo  Member  of  theCouncil)at  the  Sydn^ 
College, — also  a  public  dinner  at  the  City 
Theatre,  January  26,  1846. 

ANNIVERSARY  DAYS  of  tkb  Foukdahos 
OF  THB  Australasian  Colonikb  : — 

New  South  Wales,  founded Januuy  28^  1788 

TMmaDia,  eepanted  from  N««r  South  WalM 

December  S,  ISS 
Westarn  Anstailk,  founded  (18SS,  Lockyer)  Jnoe  1,  li^ 

South  Auetrmlia,  founded Deoembcr  28,  IStt 

New  Zeftland,  founded Juiuan-  29, 1S40 

Victoria,  eeiMumted  from  New  South  Welei,  July  1,  l&l 
(jueemlMid,  eejiarated  from  New  South  Wales 

10, 18» 


APPOINTMENTS,  Early  Imferial. 

Rev.  Samuel  Maraden,  Chaplain,  New  Sooth 
Wales,  January  1,  1798. 

Richard  Atkins,  Esq.,  Judge  Advocate,  viee 
Richard  Dove,  Esq.,  who  dicS.  November  Sod, 
December  18,  1800. 

Charles  Grimes,  Survejror-General  of  Norf o& 
Island,  Acting  Surveyor-Ueneral  of  New  South 
Wales,  April  13,  1801. 

Robert  Fitzgerald,  Esq.,  Inspects  and 
Director  of  all  the  Agricmtural  Settlemeati 
belonging  to  the  Crown,  July  29,  1802. 

Midiael  Rowland,  appointed  Superintendent 
of  Convicts,  vke  Rowland  Hawiall,  September 
90,  1802. 

Charles  Throsl^,  Esq.,  Medical  Officer  it 
Castle  Hill,  and  a  lifagistrate  of  the  Territory, 
October  18,  1802. 

Captain  William  Kent,  R.N.,  Magistrate  d 
the  Territory,  November  28,  1802. 

Charles  Grimes,  Esq.,  Surveyor-General  of 
New  South  South  Wales,  on  the  retirement  of 
Augustus  Alt,  Esq.,  on  half -pay,  March  15, 
1804. 

Rev.  William  Cowper,  Senior  Aasitftant* 
Chaphun  N.S.W.,  January  1,  1808. 

John  Macarthur,  Esq.,  Magistrate  of  the 
Territory,  February  12,  1808. 

Colonel  Joseph  roveaux,  Colonial  Secretary, 
1808. 

Rev.  Robert  Cartwright,  Senior  Assistant- 
Chaplain,  New  South  Wales,  January  5,  1809. 

John  Oxley,  Esq.,  Surveyor-General,  New 
South  Wales,  January  1,  1872. 

John  Wylde,  Esq.,  LL.B.,  Judge- Advocate  of 
the  Supreme  Court  (arrived  by  the  "EHizabeth"), 
October  5,  1816. 

Rev.  Richard  HiU,  Senior  Assistant-Chaplain, 
New  South  Wales,  January  1,  1818. 

Major  George  Druitt,  48th  Regiment,  Chief 
Engineer  of  R^ads  in  New  South  Wales,  June 
4,  1819. 

WilUam  Balcombe,  first  Colonial  Treasurer, 
arrived  in  New  South  Wales,  April  5,  1824. 

John  Stephen,  Esq.,  first  Solicitor^Genenl, 
Commissioner  of  the  Court  of  Requests,  Angost, 
1824. 

Rev.  M.  D.  Meares,  Senior  Assistant-Chaplain, 
New  South  Wales,  December  20,  1824. 


APPOINTMENTS. 


11 


AlpmawiBT  Mwdesy,  Eiq.,  Goionial  Seoratuy, 
NmrSovtfa  Waks,  June  U,  1825. 

WiUiam  lithgow,  ^"S*'  Auditor  of  Ganend 
AoeoQBti,  appoiated  by  Seoratary  of  State,  June 
14,1825. 

Hoiiy  Dnmanaq,  Clerk  to  the  Executive 
ODimca,  December  21,  1826. 

Captain  WillianiDnmsreiq  to  temposary  charge 
of  the  Cnril  Eneineen  Bepartmeiit,  December 
21.1825. 

Dutain  Roaam,  Police  Magiatrate  at  Sydney, 
■K  D'Arcv  Wentworth,  reaigned,  1825. 

Captain  WiUiamDamiireaq,  Inapectorctf  Roada 
tad  Bridgaa,   New  South   Walea,  January  6, 

im. 

Alexander  Ifadeay,  Colonial  Secretary  of  New 
floath  Walea  and  B43giatrar  of  the  Keoorda, 
Jaanacy  7th,  1826. 

John  Tfaomna  Campbell,  Eaq.,  member  of  the 
Fiort  I^nd  Boaid  of  the  Colony,  February  17th, 
1S26L 

Omtain  Thomaa  Logan,  57th  Reeiment,  Com- 
■ttdant  of  penal  settlement,  Moreton  Bay, 
MaidiS,  1836. 

WiQiMn  Dumareaq,  Eaq.,  Magistrate  of  the 
CdlsDy,  M»oh  7,  1226. 

Alfimder  BCadeay,  Eaq.,  iqypointed  a  Magia- 
tmtefrf  the  Colony,  Mandi  7,  1826. 

Udilan  M'Alliater,  Eaq.,  Magiatrate  for  the 
CoanbYof  Argyle,  March  7,  IftS. 

William  Dumareaq,  Director  of  Public  Worka, 
lfqr29,  1826. 

Wilham  Henry  Moore,  Eaq.,  aolicitor,  Acting 
Attomey-Gencnl  of  New  South  Wales,  October 
13,1896. 

Bar.  C.  P.  N.  Walton,  Senior  Aasistant-Chap- 
hin.  New  South  Wales,  October  19,  1826. 

J<^  Stephen,  Esq.,  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Coart,  Nmrember  IS,  1826. 

Henry  Orattan  Douglaa,  Acting  Commisaioner 
<tf  Gonrt  of  Requsta,  November  3,  1826 ;  ap- 
pnated  Clerk  of  TiPgialative  Council,  December 
12,1828. 

Jobn  Boaby,  Eaq^  Mineral  Surveyor  and  Civil 
fittineer,  1826. 

John  Mackaneaa,  Eaq.,  Sheriff  of  New  South 
Wales,  January  21,  1827. 

Samuel  Wright,  Eaq.,  Police  Magistrate  of 
Kevoastle,  March  9,  1827. 

JaMa  Buabv,  Eaq.,  Collector  of  Internal 
Bevenne,  and  Member  of  Land  Board,  April  2, 
18^. 

Joha  Thomas  Campbell,  Esq.,  Acting  Collector 
of  Cuitoma,  N.S.W.,  Apdl  5,  1827. 

Joftm  Dalhtmty,  Principal  Superintendent  of 
Wice,  N.S.W.,  May  7,  1827. 

Stewart  Ryrie,  Auditor  of  Colonial  Accounta, 
Juw2,  1827. 

Wilham  Lithgow,  Private  Secretary  to  the 
Oevvraor,  June  2,  1827. 

Alexander  Macduff  Baxter,  Attomey-Oeoeral 
^  K.S.W.,  August  1,  1827. 

Henry  Grattaa  Douglaaa,  Eaq.,  Commissioner 
of  Omrte  of  Bequests,  September  8,  1827. 

Thooua  de  la  Condamine,  appointed  Clerk  ol 
the  Exeeutivie  andLegialative  Coundla,  Septem 
W  8^  1827. 


William  Aomaine  Garrett,  Surveyor,  to  Sur- 
▼eyor-Oeneral  of  N.S.W.,  September  14,  1827. 

Thomaa  Livingstone  Mitchell,  Deputy  Sur- 
veyor^General,  K.S.W.,  September  14,  1827. 

Ambrose  Hallen,  AssistantSurveyortoGovam- 
ment  of  N.S.W.,  September  14,  1827. 

Henry  S.  Shadforth,  appointed  Magistrate  of 
Colony,  October  18,  1827. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Morriaaet,  Principal  Super- 
intendent of  the  New  South  Walea  PoUoe, 
October  19,  1827. 

Lieutenant  Thomas  de  la  Condamine,  Slat 
Regiment,  Private  Secretary  to  the  Governor, 
November  24,  1827. 

William  Howe,  Esq.,  Superintendent  of  Police 
at  Campbelltown,  January  12,  1828. 

Sh^dney  Stephen,  Solicitor-General,  February 
23,  1828. 

Robert  Humphrey  Hartley,  a  Magistrate  of 
the  Colony,  February  28,  1828. 

Lieutenant  George  Sleeman,  39th  Resiment, 
Resident,  King  George's  Sound,  August  11, 1828. 

Captain  Collet  Bariier,  39th  Regiment,  Reai- 
dent.  Fort  Wellington,  August  11,  182& 

Major  H.  R.  Hartley,  57th  Regiment,  Resident 
of  Melville  Island,  November  S,  1828. 

Captain  Robert  Hunt,  57th  Regiment,  Com- 
mandant, Norfolk  Island,  NovemMr,  1828. 

E.  Deas  Thomson,  Clerk  of  the  Executive 
Council,  Dec.  29,  1878. 

James  Thomas  Morrissett,  Commissioner  of 
Norfolk  Island,  January  31,  1829. 

James  Raynard,  Postmaster  of  the  Colony, 
April  27,  1829. 

Charles  Wilson,  Director  of  Public  Works, 
May,  1829. 

Edward  Hallen,  Draftsman,  Surveyor- 
General's  Office,  August  21, 1829. 

Charles  Thomas  Smathman,  Coroner  for  the 
Ci^of  Sydney,  September  4,  1829. 

denry  Colden  Aiitill,  to  conduct  the  duties 
of  the  police  in  the  County  of  Camden,  October 
2,  1829. 

Gregory  Blaxland,  Esq.,  Magistrate  of  the 
Colony,  October  26,  1829. 

Captain  John  Douglaa,  Esq.,  Magistrate  of 
the  Colony,  October  18,  1829. 

Roger  Therry,  Esq.,  Commieaioner  of  the 
Court  of  Requests  for  N.S.W.,  November  6, 
1829. 

Captain  Wilson,  Director  of  Public  Works 
N.S.W.,  1829. 

Stuart  Donaldaon,  Esq.,  Agent  for  the  Colonies 
January  6,  1830. 

Roger  Theny,  Magistrate  of  the  Colony,  April 
14,  1830. 

Campbell  Drummond  Riddell,  Colonial  Trea- 
surer, Auffust  23,  183a 

Campbell  Drummond  Riddell,  a  Magiatrata 
of  the  Colony,  October  18,  1830. 

Charles  Cowper,  Esq.,  Cleik  to  the  Com- 
missioners for  wiimng^ng  the  affiuTs  of  the  Church 
and  School  Estates,  April  6,  1831. 

John  Kinchela,  Esq.,  Attorney-General  of 
New  South  Wales,  June  25,  1831. 

Charles  James  Windeyer,  Esq.,  Asaiatant 
Police  Magiatrate  of  Sydney,  July  29,  1831. 


12 


AQUATICS. 


Rev.  Geoige  Ixmes,  M.A,  appointed  Head 
Master  of  the  King's  School,  Sydney,  December 
7,  1831. 

John  Nicholson,  Esq.,  Magistrateof  theColony, 
Febmary  26,  1832. 

John  Webb,  Esq.,  Superintendent  of  Council, 
Norfolk  Island,  March  6,  1832. 

Francis  Allman,  Esq.,  Police  Magistrate  at 
WoUongong,  September  4,  1832. 

William  Westbrooke  Burton,  Esq.,  Puisne 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Austodia,  De- 
cember 22,  1832. 

Robert  Stewart,  third  Police  Magistrate  at 
Sydney,  November  13,  1834. 

Edward  Deas  Thomson,  Colonial  Secretary, 
vice  Alexander  Macleay :  Mr.  McPherson  suc- 
ceeded to  the  office  of  Clerk  to  the  Council, 
January,  1837. 

W.  Hone,  Esq.,  Attomey-Generalof  Tasmania, 
1837. 

AQUATICS. 

Amateur  Races.  Boat-race  from  Bradley's 
Head  into  Sydney  Cove,  3^  miles  (with  uie 
tide),  between  Captain  Piper,  Naval  Officer, 
Captain  Lawlie  of  the  "Batavia,"  Captain 
Johnston  of  the  *'  Guildford,"  and  Captain  Bell 
of  the  "Minerva."  Won  by  Captam  Piper. 
Time,  15  minutes.— May  16,  1818. 

BiooBAPHiCAL. — Ortent  Bichard  A.  W,,  bom 
in  Sydney,  August  23,  1836 ;  beaten  January 
21,  1856,  by  M'Grath,  for  £400  ;  course,  Sydney 
Harbour.  April  22nd,  beat  John  Deward  for 
£400  and  the  championship  ;  course,  from  Bal- 
main,  round  Clark  Island,  and  back.  In  the 
first  race  in  outriggers,  June  24,  1856,  he  beat 
M'Grath  for  £400  and  championship.  Won 
Scullers'  Sydney   Champion   Cup,    value    100 

fiineas,  with  10  guineas  added.  Port  Jackson, 
ebruary  1,  1857.  Beat  Tom  M*Grath,  Parra- 
matta  River,  for  £200  and  championship ;  time, 
26}  minutes.— August  9,  1859. 

Hickey,  WiUiam,  a  native  of  Newcastle,  New 
South  Wales,  bom  1844,  beat  M.  Rush  for  £200 
and  championship,  Parramatta  River ;  time,  25 
min.  30  sec,  November  19,  1870.  Beat  R.  Green 
for  championship,  Parramatta  River,  January 
20,  1866.  For  ten  years  was  champion  of  Aus- 
tralia. 

Laycock,  Eliaa  C,  bom  New  South  Wales, 
1845,  beat  Edward  Trickett  for  champion  belt 
of  New  South  Wales  (National  Regatta), 
Sydney,  January  26,  1879. 

Mu&all,  George,  bom  in  Sydney,  was  the  first 
champion  sculler  of  Australia. 

Punch,  James,  bom  at  Brisbane  Water,  New 
South  Wales,  in  1840,  is  5  feet  ^  inches  in 
height,  and  11  stone  2  pounds  weight.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  list  of  his  {performances  :  1856. — 30th 
November,  itt  Balmain  Regatta  puUed  his  first 
race,  for  amateurs  in  skiflfs,  which  he  won,  beat- 
ing R.  Green  and  J.  Healy  ;  £10  prize.  26th  De- 
cember, at  Woolloomooloo  Regatta,  in  outriggers, 
beat  R.  Green  and  J.  Healy.  First  prize,  £10 , 
second  ditto,  £5.  Same  day,  in  a  race  for 
youths  under  17  years,  in  dingies,  beat  Nicholls, 


J.  Healy,  J.  Paul,  and  J.  Green.    Fint  prize* 
£7 ;  second  ditto,  £3.-1857. — ^An  Annivemiy 
Re^tta,  in  race  for  amateurs  in  outrimera,  bett 
H.Dawson;  £10  prise.    24th  Ma^.  iBeatenby 
H.  Green  and  D.  Hnly  in  outrisgers.    Fint 
prize,  £20 ;  second  ditto,  £5.     2Gtn  December, 
at  Woolloomooloo  Regatta,  pulled  second  to  R. 
Green,   in  outriggers,   beatmg    McGregor  and 
Healy.     First  pnse,   £8;   second    ditto,   £2. 
Same  day,  with  Cronin,  won  pair-oared  race  in 
ski£b,  beating  J.  Nicholls  and  C.  NichoEB,  J. 
Smart  and  J.  Nicholls,  R.  Green  and  J.  Green. 
First  prize,  £8 ;  second  ditto,  £2.    Same  day, 
won  the  dingy  race,  beating  J.  Healy,  J.  Green, 
and  J.  Donnelly.    First  prize,  £4  ;  second  ditto, 
£2;    third    ditto,    £1.-1858.— 26th  Januaiy. 
At  Anniversary  Regatta,  with  Cronin,  won  pair- 
oared  race  in  watermen's  boats,  beating  R.  and 
H.  Green,  J.  Green  and  W.  Dind,  R.  Manning 
and  J.  Johnston.      First  prize,   £15;   second 
ditto,   £10;    third  ditto,   £5.      Same  day,  in 
watermen's  boats,  pulled  second  to  J.  Fhelpa, 
beating  J.  Green,  F.  Blanchard,  G.  Naah,  and 
T.  Mulhall.    First  prize,  £15  ;  second  ditto,  £3. 
24th    May.      At  North  Shore    Regatta,  with 
McGrath,   was  beaten  b^  Phelps  and  another 
and  Nash  and  another,  pair-oared  race  in  water- 
men's boats ;  £12  prize.    26th  December.    At 
Woolloomooloo  Reu^tta,  in  outriggers,  beat  H. 
Green  and  J.  Candush.    First  prize,  £8 ;  second 
prize,  £2.     Same  day,  with  McGrath,  beat  B. 
and  J.  Green — pair-oared  race  in  skiffs.    First 
prize,  £10 ;  second  ditto,  £2.    1859.— 24th  M^, 
At  Manly  Beach  Regatta,  in'  outriggers,  beat  H. 
White,  T.  Day,  and  J.  Green.    First  prize,  £25. 
second  ditto,  £5.     Same  day,  with  H.  Green; 
pair-oared  race   in  watermen's  boats,  beat  Day 
and   White,  G.  Green,  and  J.  Green.    First 
prize,  £10  ;  second  ditto,  £5.    30th  November, 
with  McGrath,  at  Balmain  Regatta,  beaten  by 
Candlish  and  White,  Nash  and  McGuire— pair* 
oared    race  in  watermen's  boats;    £10   prise. 
26th  December.     At  Woolloomooloo  Regatta, 
in  outriggers,  beat  H.  Green  and  Candlish ;  £7 
prize.     sSune  day,  with  McGrath,  beat  Dewardt 
and  White — pair-oared  race  in  sluffs ;  £10pri2e. 
Same  day,  l«at  Richard  Green  in  outriggers; 
£10  prize.     1860. — 1st  January,   at  Hunter's 
Hill  Regatta,  in  outriggers,  beat  McGrath  and 
Day  ;  £9  prize.   26th  January.   At  Anniversait 
Reffatta,  in  outrisgers,  was  oeaten  by  Candliui 
and  McGrath.     fint  prize,  £25 ;  second  ditto, 
£10.     Same  day,  with  McGratii,  in  pair-oared 
race,  watermen's  boats,  was  second  to  Dewardt 
and  White,  beating  the  MulhaUs,  McGuire  and 
BuUivant,  and  Day  and  Candlish.     First  prize, 
£15 ;    second    ditto,    £5.      Same    day,    with 
McGrath,  Cronin,  and  Howard,  was  second  to 
Day,  White,  Dewardt,  and  Candlish,  in  the  gig 
race,  beating  two  other  crews.  First  prize,  £50 ; 
second  ditto,  £16.     90th  November.— At  Bal- 
main Regatta,  with  McGrath,  pair-oared  race  in 
skiffii,    M&t    Day  and    Dewardt;    £12   prise. 
Same  day,  with  McGrath,  Cronin,  and  Nash, 
won  the  gig  race  against  the  Ariel  crew ;  £25 
prize.      26th    December.      At   Woolloomooloo 
Regatta,  was  second  to  McGrath  in  outriggers, 


AQUATICS. 


13 


beating  Cudliah.  First  Drize,  £12;  lecond 
ditto,  £3.  Same  day,  with  McGrath,  pair-oared 
noe  in  skifh,  beat  R.  and  H.  Green,  Candliah 
and  White,  Dewardt  and  McGregor,  First 
Drae,  £15 ;  second  prize,  £2  lOs.  Same  day, 
bestOuidlish  in  outriggers;  £10  lOs.  prize. — 
lS6L-25th  May.  With  McGrath,  beat  R. 
Green  and  H.  "^  bite — a  pair-oared  race  in  skiffs, 
£50  s-side,  on  the  Parraoiatta  River.  22nd 
Jone.  With  McGrath,  was  beaten  by  R.  and 
E.  Green — a  pair-oared  race  in  skiffs,  £50a-side, 
on  the  Parramatta  River.  24th  August.  With 
McGnth,  beat  R.  and  H.  Green — ^a  pair-oared 
mx  in  skiffs,  £50  a-side,  on  the  Parramatta 
Biver.  Gth  December.  At  Hobart  Town  Re- 
atts,  witi&  McGrath,  R.  Green,  Cronin,  and  H. 
Green,  won  the  whaleboat  race — ^£100  prize,  8 
railea,  beating  four  other  crews. — 1862. — 15th 
Mtfch.  At  Melbourne,  beat  Ben  Oxlade,  of 
LoodoQ,  in  outriggers,  £100  a-side,  on  the  Yarra 
Yftm  River.  §Oth  November.  At  Balmain 
R^gttta,  with  McGrath,  in  watermen's  boats — 
two  pairs  of  sculls,  was  beaten  by  Ives  and 
McGregor,  Dummett  and  BuUivant.  First 
pnie,  £12 ;  second  ditto,  £5.  26th  December. 
At  Woolloomooloo  Regatta,  with  McGrath  in 
watermen's  boats,  two  pairs  sculls,  beat  Con- 
nellf  and  Phelps,  McGregor  and  Ives.  First 
priie,  £10;  second  ditto,  £2.— 1863.— 26th 
Juiiiuy.  At  Anniversary  Regatta,  in  water- 
ma's  boats,  was  beaten  by  McGrath,  Dunnet, 
and  Phelps,  beating  Ives.  First  prize,  £15  15s.; 
second  ditto,  £5  &,  Punch  took  1>ickett  to 
£ngUnd  Februsfy  20,  1876,  and  on  his  return 
nctoriouB  was  with  Trickett  accorded  a  grand 
ovation  in  Sydney,  November  9,  1876. 

TrickeU,  Edward,  champion  sculler  of  the 
vorid,  bom  Parramatta  River  1850,  was  known 
u  a  sculler  as  early  as  1864 ;  won  his 
first  match  in  1868.  In  1869  he  was  defeated 
by  W.  Hickey,  and  also  with  his  brother,  by 
oash  and  Colon  in  ]pair-oar  race  In  1869  the 
brothers  won  the  pair-oar  at  the  Balmain  Re- 
Ketta,  bat  were  defeated  the  following  year  by 
M 'Clear  and  Lyons  through  their  boat  swamping. 
On  Angnst  22,  1874,  he  beat  Pierce  for  £50 
(Port  «Hu;kson),  and  again  September  14,  1874, 
at  the  Clarence  River  champion  outrisger  race, 
Trickett  came  in  second,  Rush  gaining  nrat  place. 
At  the  ^^w»<^'"  Regatta  he  defeat^  Laycock 
and  Molhall  for  the  sculling  championship,  and 
in  1875  beat  Laycock  in  a  private  match  for 
i^t  and  acain  at  the  Balmain  Regatta  defeated 
I^yoock  and  Green.  At  the  Anniversary  Re- 
getta,  1876,  he  defeated  Green.  In  that  year  he 
▼enttoEndand,  and  gained  the  championship 
^  the  worM  by  his  defeat  of  J.  H.  Sadler. 
On  his  return  he  received  a  great  ovation  in 
Sydney,  November  9,  1876,  and  shor^  after- 
wards Rush  challenged  him,  and  on  June  30, 
1877,  Trickett  won  the  match  without  diffi- 
culty; was  beaten  by  £.  0.  Laycock  for 
champion  belt  (to  be  gained  three  consecutive 
times)  at  National  lU^ta,  January  26,  1879. 
His  height  is  6  feet  3|  mches,  weight  13  stone. 

Rutk,  Michael,  bom  in  1844,  in  the  county  of 
Tyrone  ;  came  to  the  colony  in  1859,  and  settled 


on  the  Clarence  River,  where  he  has  a  store  ;  in 
1868  won  the  Grafton  champion  race  against 
Coloun  and  another  ;  in  1869  at  Sydney,  he  and 
Ooloun  won  two  races,  one  asainst  Lyons  and 
O'Connell,  the  other  against  Edward  and  George 
Trickett ;  in  Mardi,  1869,  he  was  defeated  by 
William  Hickey ;  he  then  beat  Richard  Hickey 
and  was  himself  beaten  by  W.  Hickey,  whom 
however  he  subsequently  defeated  in  light  skiffs, 
December  17, 1870.  In  1874,  at  Grafton,  he  won 
a  prixe  against  E.  Trickett,  W.  Hickey,  £.  Lay- 
cock, R.  Green,  J.  Malone  and  S.  Newby.  In 
1875  he  was  beaten  by  £.  Laycock,  his  boat 
being  swamped.  He  challenged  £.  Trickett  on 
his  return  m>m  England,  but  was  beaten,  June 
30,  1877. 

Champion  of  the  World,  th«  only  AtrarrRA- 
LL^  (1879)£dwardTrickett,  Sydney,  New  South 
Wales,  beat  J.  H.  Sadler,  course.  Putney  to 
Mortlake,  River  Thames,  London  ;  time,  23m., 
24s.,  June  27,  1875. 

Trickett,  Edward,  beat  M.   Rush  for  cham- 

Sionship  of  the  world  and  £400,    Parramatta 
Liver,  June  30,  1877. 

Championship   Rages. 

R.  Orwn,  senior,  beat  Oandlish  (of  NewcuUe-on-TVna) 
for  £400,  over  the  champion  couree,  Puramatta  River, 
June  23, 1863. 

Between  Dale  and  Oillett,  won  by  Dale,  Saltwater  Rlyer, 
Victoria,  distance  4^  miles,  time  46  minutes,  Januaiy, 
14, 1867. 

B.  Green  won  the  Scullers'  Sydney  Champion  Cup,  value 
100  guineas,  with  10  guineas  added.  Port  Jackson, 
February.  1857. 

Between  Richard  Green  and  T.  M'Qrath,  Parramatta 
River,  for  £200  and  championship,  won  by  Green,  time 
26}  minutes,  August  0,  1860. 

Between  Green  and  White  and  Punch  and  M'Grath,  mt 
Parramatta  River  ;  distance.  8^  miles ;  Punch  and 
M'Grath  won  by  eight  boat's-iengths,  in  25  minuter- 
May,  1861. 

Between  R.  and  H.  Green  and  Punch  and  M'Grath,  for 
£100  a-side ;  won  by  the  latter  crew,  August,  1861. 

Between  W.  Hickey  and  R.  Green ;  won  by  Hickey, 
Pammatta  River,  January  20,  I860. 

W.  Hickey  beat  M.  Rush  for  £200  and  the  championship, 
Parramatta  River;  time,  25  min.  30  sec.,  November 
19  1870. 

Between  Michael  Rush,  Edward  Trickett,  E.  C.  Laycock, 
W.  Hickey,  R.  Green,  and  &  Newhr,  on  the  Clarence 
River,  Grafton,  for  the  championship  of  the  Australian 
Colonies,  open  to  all  comers  pulling  in  outriggen ; 
prize,  i^OO :  distance,  6,262  yaids,  or  8^  miles  and  100 
yards  ;  Rush  won  by  18  boat's-iengths.  and  two  boat's- 
iengths  separated  Trickett  (second)  and  Laycock 
(third)  ;  time,  19  min.  42  sec.,  October  7, 1874. 

Between  Joseph  Sadler,  champion  of  England,  and 
Edward  Trickett,  of  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  for 
the  scullinf  championship  of  the  worU,  on  theThames ; 
won  by  'Trickett,  June  27, 1876. 

Between  Edward  Trickett  and  Michael  Rush,  for  the 
sculling  championship  of  the  world,  Parramatta  River, 
New  South  Wales,  TrickeU  winning  easily  by  six  boat's- 
iengths;  distance,  4  miles;  time,  28  min.  85  sec., 
June  30, 1877. 

Intercolonial  Races. 

Pint  Intercolonial  race  (four-oared  gigs),  New  South 

Wales  beat  Victoria,  February  4,  1863. 
Intercolonial  champion  gig  race  between  Victoria  and 

New  South  Wales,  at  Sydney ;  won  by  New  South 

Walee,  November  9, 1872. 
Intercolonial  champion  sculling  match  on  the  Yarra, 

between  Cuter,  Bell,  and  Orr  ;  won  by  Orr,  March  28, 

1873. 


u 


ASSIGNMENT  SYSTEM. 


Intenolonial  gi^r  nwe  on  th«  Tam ;  won  by  Mtlboant 
GombiiuktioQ  crew,  beiiUiiff  Bydiisy  Bowing  Club,  fid- 
Uimt  Qub,  GtoeloDg  snd  Hobait  Town  Clubs,  Marcfa 
S8»1878. 

N«w  South  Wal«  beat  YUslorla,  on  the  Pftmnwtte 
Biver,  time,  21  minutei  SO  eeoondfl,  September  80» 
1874. 

Elgfat-oued  Twen  between  New  South  Walee  end  Vlcioria, 
lowed  on  the  Lower  Tarns  Mdbourae  orew  defeated ; 
the  SydncQT  Rowing  Ghib  won  by  two  lengtha  and  a 
half;  time,  m  minntea;  diirtenre  4  milee ;  March  0, 
1S7& 

Intebcolonial  Four  -  oabkd  UKirxRsnT 
Races. 

Between  New  South  Wales  and  Victoria,  ixmed  at  Kel- 
bourne;  won  by  Melbourne  Univendty,  December 
28, 1870.  In  Byon^*  noond  oonteit^  Melbourne  wen, 
December  21, 187L 

Obdinaby  Racks. 

Between  Oaptain  Piper^s  gig  and  a  whaleboat  belonging 
to  Uie  American  brig  "GkneFal  Qates^ ;  course,  Dawer 
Battery  round  a  boat  stationed  between  Shark  Isfamd 
and  Bradley's  Head  ;  distance,  8  miles,  owners  steer- 
ing :  Gwtain  Piper  won  in  35  minutee ;  July  U),  ISia 

Between  Osiptain  Piper's  gig  and  a  cutter  belonging  to 
Captain  Donaldson  of  the  **  Orenadine" ;  course, 
from  Sydney  Cove  round  Qarden  Island  and  bade; 
f?^U'»  Piper's  gig  won  in  16  minutes;  October  9, 
1821. 

Between  gig  of  the  man-of-war  "Bainbow,**  Captain 
Rous,  and  Captain  Piper's  gig,  for  £100  aside ;  course, 
round  Shark  Island  and  back  ;  after  a  close  contest, 
won  by  Ctotain  Boia's  gig  by  1  minute  10  aeoonds  ; 
Fsbruary  24, 1827. 

Thomas  M*Grath  (native  of  Sydney),  beat  Oeoige  Mul- 
hall  over  the  course  in  Sydney  Harbour;  1866. 

Deward  beat  M'Orath  round  Shark  Island;  tbne  30 
minutes  12  seconds;  February  27, 1855. 

Tom  M*Orath  beat  R.  Oreen  for  £900 ;  won  by  a  boat's- 
length ;  Port  Jackson,  January  21,  1866. 

K  Oreen  beat  Deward  (of  OrvvesendX  for  £400;  Oreen 
won  easily ;  Port  Jackson,  April  22, 186& 

R.  Oreen  beat  Thomas  M*Orath  for  £400 ;  Oreen  won  by 
a  boat's-!ength ;  Port  Jackson,  June  24, 1856u 

*'  Challenge,"  owned  by  Mr.  T.  J.  Dean,  won  the  Sydney 
Challenge  Cup,  value  800  guineas,  with  60  guineas 
added  ;  February  1. 1857. 

R.  Green  won  the  Sculling  Bydnev  Champion  Cup, 
value  100  guineas,  with  10  guineas  added ;  Port 
Jackson,  FeDrnary  1, 1857. 

Henry  White  beat  James  Punch,  Parramatta  River,  for 
£200  ;  time,  25  minutes  15  seconds  ;  Hay  0, 1860. 

James  Punch  beat  H.  White,  1  mile,  Parramatta  River, 
for  £200  ;  time,  6  minutes  85  seconds ;  June  6, 1850. 

J.  Candlish  beat  H.  Oreen,  3^  miles,  Parramatta  River, 
for  £200  ;  time,  25  minutes  7  seconds ;  June  15, 1859. 

M'Orath  beat  Deward  (red  buoyX  in  watermen's  skiffs,- 
for  £100 ;  Pebruaiy  18, 1860. 

Richard  Oreen  beat  Henxy  White  for  £100,  Parramatta 
River ;  time,  26  minutes  40  seconds ;  December  20, 1860. 

Punch  and  M'Orath  beat  Oreen  and  White  for  £100, 
Parramatta  River ;  time,  25  minutes ;  May  25, 1861. 

The  Brothers  Oreen  beat  Punch  and  M'Orath,  Parra- 
matta River,  June  22, 1861. 

Punch  and  M'Orath  beat  the  Brothers  Oreen  for  £100, 
Parramatta  River,  July  20, 1861. 

R.  Green  beat  M'Orath  for  £25  (heavy  boats),  Septem- 
ber 7, 1861. 

M'Orath,  of  Sydney,  beat  Nickel,  of  WUllamstown, 
Melbourne,  for  £200  ;  January  18. 1862. 

T.  M'Orath  beat  T.  Ralph,  Yarra  River,  Melbourne,  for 
£200,  in  outriggers,  4  miles;  time  20  minutes  45 
seconds ;  February  21, 1803. 

W.  Rickey  beat  R.  Green  for  £170  (watermen's  boats), 
Parramatta  River.  New  South  Wales,  June  24, 1866. 

White  beat  Oolbralth  for  £200  (wager  boatiX  Parra- 
matta Rivor,  July  29, 1865. 

Hickey  beat  Oreen  for  £200  (watermen's  boats),  Pftrro- 
matta  River,  August  20, 1866. 

White  beat  M'Leer  for  £100  (wager  boats),  Parramatta 
River;  time,  31  minutes ;  September  16, 1866. 

Connor  and  Donnelly  beat  White  and  Day  for  £100, 
Parramatta  River ;  October  28, 1865. 


W.  WdBtr  beat  H.  WhMa  for  AOO  (wager  bestt), 

PUTomatta River;  tiaBa,MnL  60a.. Dee.  16,U6& 
Booker  and  M'Leer  beat  Oonnor  and  DonnaUy  for  £100, 

Furramatta  Biv«,  April  14, 1806. 
R.  Green  beat  W.  ffickey  for  £SDO  (I  mile),  Pammatfei 

River;  time,  7 mtaivtee 81  aeoands ;  Odober  17, 1881 
B.  Oreen  beat  W.  Hickey  for  £900  (2  mil«X  PMnmatta 

River ;  December  15, 1866. 
W.  Hickey  beat  M.  Rush,  for  £350  (watenm^  sUffiX 

Pwramotte  River,  March  M^  187a 
M.  Rush  beat  &  Hkkey,  for  £600  (wnlemsD's  sUftX 

Parramatta  River ;  time,  27  m.  40  a.,  Mi^  »,  1870. 
M.  Rush  beat  W.  Hickey,  for  £100  (light  skiffs),  Vm^ 

matta  River,  December  17, 1870. 
Mttlhall  beat  Solomoa  for  £140,  nmnd  two  Waods;  ttes, 

85 minute*;  January  10, 1874;  boot  Tnasseli  TIsbht 

for  £50  (wager  boats),  Parramatta  Biver;  time,  9 

minutes  80  seconds;  March  14, 18T4. 
K.  Lyons  heat  P.  MulhoU,  for  £50  (uuUiggeis),  Psria- 

motta  BiTsr;  time  28  minutas  tt  Mooads;  JnlyU, 

1874. 
Trickett  beat  Pierce,  for  £50  (watennen's  skiffsX  tw» 

islands ;  time,  86  minute*  40  eBcapdi ;  Augwt  2S, 

1874. 
W.  Lyons  beat  J.  Gandliah«  for  £60  (oatriggenX  Fana- 

matta  River;  time,  24  minute*  90  aeoonds;  August 

20,1874. 
Trifikett  beat  Poane,  tot  £60  (watermen's  boats)  two 

islands ;  time,  37  minutas ;  September  14, 1874. 
LjoM  beat  MulhaU.  for  £60  (wager  sklCsX  Pftnamatta 

River ;  time,  22  minutes  ;  November  14, 1874. 
E.  Trickett  beat  E.  C.  Loycock,  for  £900  (ootiiggenX 

Parramatta  Biver ;  time,    22  minutes  55  secondi ; 

September  10, 1875. 
E.  C.   Layoodc  beat  E.  Trickett  for   diampion  belt, 

regatta,  Sydney  Harbour,  January  98, 1870. 

[See  Sculling.] 

Rboattas.  First  regatta  on  the  Derwent, 
Hobart  Town,  January  5,  1827.  First  Anstn- 
lian  regatta  took  place  in  Port  Jackson,  Sydney 
Harbour.  There  were  ^ve  events  on  the  pro- 
flramme,  April  27,  1828.  Eegatta  in  Sydney 
Harbour  Anril  2,  1832.  Regatta  on  the  waters 
of  Port  Jackson,  January  9,  1834.  Regatta  at 
Port  Phillip,  January  12,  1841. 

Anniversary, — Sydney  gig  race,  won  by  Sydney 
Rowinff  Club,  1873 ;  won  by  Mercantile  Rowing 
Club,  1876 ;  won  by  Mercantile  Rowing  Clnb, 
1877. 

WooUoanuHUoo  Bay, — ^December  26,  1873. 

Stbney  Gardiner  Cup,  B€Umain  SegaUa.— 
Won  by  Sydney  Rowing  Club,  1870 ;  won  by 
Parramatta  Rowing  Club,  1871 ;  won  by  Sydney 
Rowing  Club,  1872;  won  by  Svdn&7  Rowing 
Club,  1873 ;  won  by  Sydney  Rowing  dlub,  1874; 
won  by  Sydney  Rowing  Club,  1875 ;  won  by 
Mercantile  Rowing  Club,  1876  ;  won  by  Sydney 
Rowing  Club,  1877. 

Swimming  Exploits. — Cavill's  great  swim- 
ming performance  on  the  Yarra  Yarra ;  18  miles 
in  5  hours  58  minutes ;  March  1,  1879. 

ARBUTHNOT  RANGE.— Gap  through  it  di*. 
covered  by  Cunningham,  1827. 

ARNHEIM  BAY.— Explored  by  FUnders,  1802. 

ASSIGNMENT  SYSTEM.— Governor  Bourke 
was  directed  to  discontinue  assignment  of  con- 
viots,  i,e,  lending  convicts  out  for  hire  to  free 
settlers  in  the  c<Moiiy,  by  a  despatch  dated  May 
26»  1837 ;  system  ceased,  1838. 


ASTRONOMT  IN  AXJ8CRALIA— AUffTRALIA. 


15 


ASTBONOMT  IN  AUSTRALIA.  Honomy 
OMdab  of  the  Aitroiiomkal  Society  of  Londoa 
pRsented  by  the  Prendent,  Sir  Jolm  Henchell, 
to  Sir  ThoBoas  Bnshuie  and  Bir.  Jamea  Danlop, 
{or  Taluable  senricea  in  the  cause  of  Aatronomy 
in  Anitralia,  February  8,  1828. 

ASYLUMS.  Nbw  South  Waup.  Benevolent 
Aif Inm,  Sydney,  taken  posaeaaion  of  by  the 
Gommttae  of  the  Benevolent  Society,  October 
21,  1829.  For  Beatitnte  Childnn  (Randwick), 
esUblished  Febmaiy  23,  1852;  the  following 
nntleBien  wera  preaent  at  the  first  meeting 
held  at  Dr.  Dooglaaa'a  on  thia  date :  Geoige 
Alkn^Eiq.  (in  the  chair),  Archdeacon  M'Encroe, 
Asdstant  Commiaaaiy  General  Owen,  Mr. 
Cowliahaw,  Captain  M'Lerie,  Dr.  Douglaaa, 
Ber.  A  H.  Stmhen  (Hon.  Sec.),  these  gentle- 
men, with  Mr.  «J  amea  Oomrie,  forming  the  first 
Committee.  Randwick  Asylum  for  Destitute 
(Mdren  first  occupied,  March  28, 1858.  Tarban 
Creek  Asylum,  at  Bedlam  Point  (Gladesville), 
Pinsmatta  River,  built  by  Colonial  Govern- 
BWDt,  at  a  cost  of-  £13,0(X),  commenced  by  Sir 
Bichud  Boarke,  in  1835;  the  first  patients 
were  received  from  the  old  Asylum,  Liverpool, 
m  November,  1838;  originally  built  to  accom- 
modate 60  patients ;  in  1848  it  had  154*  and  in 
1878  it  had  800. 

Victoria.  There  are  five  Benevolent  Asylums, 
vbere  aged  and  infirm  persons  are  received  aa 
imnates,  and  out-door  relief  is  also  given.  These 
iitttitations  are  situated  at  Ballarat,  Beechworth, 
Bendigo,  Castlemaine,  and  Melbourne.  A  small 
maternity  hospital  ia  attached  to  the  Ballarat 
Heneyolent  Asylum.  Benevolent  Asylum  at 
Melbourne  founded  1850.  [See  Charitable 
lysmcnoNs.] 

ATTORNEY.     [See  Coitbt,  Supremz.] 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL.  [See  Court,  Su- 
nsxg,  and  Parliament.] 

AUCKLAND,  New  Zealaitd.a  Founded  by 
Captain  Hobeon,  January  29,  1840;  first  Su- 
iv«me  Court  at,  February  28, 1842  ;  first  lighted 
with  gas,  April  15,  1865.     [See  New  Zealand.] 

AUSTRALIA.  This  great  continent  contains 
an  area  of  2,083,263  square  miles.  Its  greatest 
bnadth  from  north  to  south  is  1965  statute 
■ilea,  and  its  greatest  length  from  east  to  west 
n  aboat  2600  miles.  It  has  a  coast-line  of 
8000  miles.  It  is  politically  divided  into  five 
oolonies,  via..  New  South  Wales,  capital,  Svd- 
Bey ;  South  Anatralia,  capital,  Adelaide  ;  West 
Aostralia,  capital,  Perth ;  Victoria,  capital, 
Melbourne ;  Queensland,  ca|Mtal,  Brisbane.  New 
^Qth  Wales,  the  mother  colony,  was  founded 
in  1788 ;  West  Australia  in  1829 ;  South  Aus- 
tnba  in  1836  ;  Victoria  in  1851 ;  and  Queensland 
in  1899.  Victoria,  however,  was  settled  in  1835, 
*nd  Queensland  in  1823,  but  until  the  latter 
(i<te8  formed  a  portion  of  New  South  Wales. 

Kew  South  Wales.  Area,  323,437  square 
oules  or  206,999,680  acres.  It  lies  between 
latitude  28^  8'  and  3r  O'  23',  and  longitude  141" 


and  ISdf*  38^.  Ita  extreme  length  from  east  to 
west  is  900  miles,  the  average  being  500  milea ; 
the  extreme  breadth  from  north  to  south  is  860 
miles,  the  average  being  500.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Queensland ;  on  the  east  by  the 
South  Pacific  Ocean ;  on  ihe  south  by  Victoria, 
from  which  it  is  s^Moated  by  the  Biuirray,  and 
by  a  line  drawn  from  the  sources  of  that  river 
to  Cape  Howe;  on  the  west  by  South  Aus- 
tralia. It  has  a  coast  line  of  800  miles.  [See 
New  South  Wales.] 

Queensland.  Arep,  678,600  square  miles,  or 
434,304,000  acres.  It  lies  between  latitude  S. 
10**  37'  and  29^  and  longitude  E.  138*  and  153* 
30^.  Its  length  from  north  to  south  is  1300 
miles,  its  breadth  800  mUea,  and  it  has  a  coast 
line  of  2550  miles.  It  is  twelve  times  the  sise 
of  England  and  Wales.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  Oulf  of  Carpentaria,  and  Torrea 
Straits,  which  separate  it  from  New  Guinea  ;  on 
the  east  Wthe  South  Pacific  Ocean;  on  the 
south  by  New  South  Wales ;  on  the  west  by 
South  Australia,  and  by  the  141st  meridian  of 
longitude,  from  latitude  S.  29^  to  26°  ;  thence 
along  the  138th  meridian  of  longitude  to  the  Gulf 
of  Carpentaria. 

South  Australia.  Area,  914,730  square 
miles  or  585,427,200  acres.  It  lies  between 
latitude  S.  11°  7|  and  38'' ;  and  from  latitude  S. 
26°  to  Cape  Northumberland  ;  it  lies  between 
longitude  E.  129°  and  141° ;  and  north  of  lati- 
tude S.  26°,  it  is  between  longitude  E.  129°  and 
138°,  as  far  as  the  Arifura  Sea  and  Gulf  oi 
Carpentaria.  It-  ia  bounded  on  the  west  by 
West  Australia ;  on  the  east  by  Victoria,  New 
South  Wales  and  Queensland  ;  on  the  south  by 
the  Southern  Ocean ;  and  on  the  north  by  the 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria  and  the  Indian  Ocean.  The 
coast  line  of  the  southern  boundary,  owing  to 
the  irregularity  of  the  shore,  is  1600  miles  in 
length  m>m  Cape  Northumberland,  runninff 
north-west.  Northern  Territory  of  South 
Australia  is  all  that  tract  of  country  north  of 
the  26°  of  latitude  S.,  and  lying  between  longi- 
tude £.,  129^  and  138°,  comprising  ab<mt 
531,250  square  miles,  or  340,000,000  acres. 

Victoria.  88,198  square  miles,  or  56,446,720 
acres.  It  is  situated  at  the  south-eastern 
comer  of  Australia,  and  lies  between  latitude 
S.  34"  and  39%  and  betwe^  longitude  £.  141" 
and  130\  Its  extreme  length  from  east  to  west 
is  480  miles,  and  extreme  breadth  from  north  to 
south  is  240  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north 
and  north-west  by  New  South  Wales,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  river  Murray ;  on 
the  west  by  South  Australia ;  on  the  south-east 
by  the  South  Pacific  Ocean  ;  and  on  the  south 
by  Bass's  Straits,  which  separate  it  from  Tas- 
mania.   It  has  a  coast  line  of  600  miles. 

West  Australia.  Area,  978,298  square 
miles  or  626,111,323  acres.  It  is  eight  times 
as  large  as  the  United  Kingdom,  and  comprises 
all  the  territory  between  latitude  S.  13°  44' and 
35°  8",  and  lying  W.  of  the  129th  meridian  of 
east  lonsitude  to  the  Indian  Ocean.  It  has  a 
seaboard  of  over  2000  miles,   being  1280  miles 


16 


AUSTRAUA— AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLORER& 


in  leneth  from  north  to  south,  and  800  miles  in 
breadui  from  east  to  west.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  north  and  west  by  the  Indian  Ocean,  on  the 
south  by  the  Southern  Ocean,  and  on  the  east 
by  South  Australia ;  but  only  about  600  miles 
from  Albany,  in  the  south,  to  the  Murchison,  in 
the  north,  by  a  depth  of  150  miles,  are  occu- 
pied.   [See  Western  Austrajja.] 

Total  Area  of  the  Australian  Continent, 
2,983,263  square  miles,  or  1,909,288,923  acres. 

Alleged  Early  Discovert  of.  Mr.  R.  H. 
Major,  of  the  British  Museum,  alleged  in  1872 
that  Australia  was  known  to  ilie  French  prior  to 
1531. 

Discovert    of.        [See  Australian   Navi- 

QATORS.] 

AUSTRALIA,  Earliest  Maps  of.  The 
earliest  map  of  Australia  (now  in  the  British 
Museum),  bearing  the  arms  of  the  Dauphin  of 
France,  appears  to  have  been  executed  in  the 
time  of  Francis  I.,  for  his  son  the  Dauphin, 
probable  date,  1530.  A  map  of  Australia,  d^ca- 
ted  to  Henry  YJIL  of  England,  evidently  a  copy 
of  the  Dauphin  map,  executed  by  a  Frenchman 
named  Jean  Botz,  who  came  to  England.  It 
bears  date  1542. 

[Kon.— On  the  "Dnuphin  Sfap'*  this  great  ooontiy  it 
called  **  Jave  la  Gnude  "  ;  and  is  distinguished  from 
the  smaller  island  of  Java  itself  by  the  latter  being 
caUed  '*  The  Lytil  Java."] 

AUSTRALIA  FELIX.  Major  Mitchell  gave 
the  designation  of  Australia  Felix  to  Victoria 
when  he  explored  it  in  1836. 

AUSTRALIA  NAMED.  Flinders  seems  to 
have  been  the  first  who  suggested  for  the 
Continent  the  name  "  AustrtuSifi."  He  says 
in  his  work  ''A  voyage  to  Terra  Australis," 
"  Had  I  permitted  myself  any  innovation  upon 
the  original  term  (Terra  Australis),  it  would 
have  Deea  to  convert  it  into  Australia,  as 
beinff  more  agreeable  to  the  ear  and  an  as- 
simi&tion  to  the  names  of  the  other  great  por- 
tions  of  the  earth."    1814. 

AUSTRALIAN  AGRICULTURAL  CO.  This 
Company  was  established  August  21,  1824. 
The  primary  objects  of  the  association  were  : 
the  production  of  pure  merino  wool  as  an 
export  to  Great  Britain  ;  the  cultivation  of  the 
oUve,  vine,  and  such  other  productions  as  might 
be  adapted  to  the  soil  and  climate ;  to  encourage 
and  assist  the  emigration  of  useful  settlers  and 
female  servants,  and  to  promote  a  system  of 
useful  industry.  The  amount  of  capital  to  be 
invested  in  the  company  was  one  million  pounds 
sterling,  divided  into  10,000  shares  at  £10  each  ; 
and  in  return  for  the  outlay  they  were  to  receive 
a  grant  of  land  in  the  colony  to  the  extent  of 
am^on  of  acres.  Amongst  the  principal  mem- 
bers of  this  company  were  the  Attomey-Greneral 
and  Solicitor-General  of  England,  28  members 
of  Parliament, '  including  Mr.  Brouffham  (after- 
wards  LordBrougham  and  Yaux),  and  Mr.  Joseph 


Hume,  the  Governor,  Deputy  Governor,  and 
ei^t  of  the  directors  of  the  &nk  of  Endsod ; 
the  Chamnan  and  Deputy-Chairman  and  five 
Directors  of  the  East  India  Company,  bendes 
man  V  other  eminent  bankers  and  merchants  of 
England.  All  the  shares  were  speedily  taken  op 
except  500,  which  were  reserved. 

Sir  Edward  Parry,  the  Arctic  Navigator, 
arrived  with  Lady  Panr,  from  London,  in  the 
"  William,"  to  take  charge  of  the  Australia 
Agricultural  Company's  property  in  New  South 
Wales,  December  24,  1829. 

An  arran^ment  was  effected  in  England  with 
the  Australian  Agricultural  Company,  by  which 
they  gave  up  the  monopoly  of  the  coal  mines  at 
Newcastle.— 1847.    [See  Companies.] 

AUSTRAUAN  ALPS.  The  Australian  Alps 
first  seen  by  Hume  and  HoveU,  November  6, 
1824. 

AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLORERS. 

Ocvemor  Phillip,  being  settled  at  Sydney, 
attempted,  in  March,  an  exploration  towards 
the  Blue  Mountains.  He  named  the  Cannar- 
then,  the  Lansdowne,  and  the  Richmond  Hills, 
and  went  overland  to  Botany,  1788;  subse- 
quently, the  Hawkesbury,  in  July,  1789. 

Captain  John  Hunter,  being  sent  from 
Sydney,  in  October,  to  the  Cape  in  the  *'  Sirios  " 
for  supplies,  conjectures  the  existence  of  Bass 
Strait,  1786. 

In  August,  Lieutenant  Dawe9,  Captain  TrtncJh 
and  Captain  Paterson  attempted  exploration  of 
the  Blue  Mountains,  1793  ;  followed  by  similar 
attempts  by  Hadnng,  quartermaster  of  the 
"  Sirius,"  Dr.  Bass,  of  the  "  Reliance  "  (1794-6), 
Mr,  Barveillier  (in  1802),  and  Jfr.  Cayley 
(1804). 

Lieutenant  Bawen  visited  Jervis  Bay,  1796. 

Charles  Grimes,  Assistant-Surveyor-CJeneral, 
surveyed  Port  Stephens,  1796. 

Captain  HawiUon  lost  in  the  "  Sidney  Ove,*" 
in  Bass  Strait,  on  passage  from  India  to  Sydney ; 
some  of  the  crew  landed  near  Cape  Howe,  asd 
made  their  way  overland  to  Sydney;  the  first 
white  foot  in  Victoria.     1797. 

Gregory  Blaxland,  Lieutenant  William  Lavs- 
son,  of  the  102nd  Regiment,  and  WilHnm 
Charles  Wentworth  started  from  Back  Oeek, 
May  11,  in  an  attempt  to  cross  the  Blue  Moon- 
tains  ;  they  sncceeaed,  after  much  toil  and 
hardship,  in  findins  a  spur  from  the  Dividing 
Range  which  led  them  mto  a  valley  down  the 
slopes  of  Mount  York  into  country  which  im- 
proved at  each  mile ;  having  successfully  accom- 
plished their  mission,  and  being  short  of  supplies, 
they  returned  to  Sydney,  and  arrived  June  6, 
1813. 

Mr.  George  W.  Evans,  Deputy-Surveyor- 
General,  was  sent  by  Qovemor  Maoquarie  to 
follow  up  the  above  discoveries  ;  on  November 
20,  he  reached  their  furthest  point ;  on  30th, 
crossed  the  Dividing  Range  between  the  eastern 
and  western  waters,  and  named  and  crossed  the 
Fish  River,  which  fell  into  the  Macquarie 
[native,  "Wambool"]  (discovered,  December  7i 


AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLORERS. 


17 


I$13).    Evans  returned  to  Emu  Plains,  having 

peDetnted  100  miles  due  west  of  the  Nepean, 
Jionsry  18»  1814. 

[Then  two  expeditions  created  ffreat  excite- 
ment A  road  was  commenced  and  completed 
to  fisthuBt  in  January,  1815.  On  opening  it 
(ioTemor  Macqnarie  bestowed  varions  names ; 
uDODgst  others,  Cayley*s  Repulse,  King's  Table 
Lind,  Prince  Regent's  Glen,  Pitt's  Amphi- 
tiwstre.  Cox's  Pass,  The  Vale  of  Clwirdd(now  the 
nte  of  Hartley),  Clarence  Range,  Mount  Evans, 
SidmoQth  Valley,  Campbell's  River,  Mitchell's 
Plains,  O'Connell  and  Macqnarie  Plains,  kc] 

Mr.  EvanSf  with  a  small  party,  again  sent  out 
with  one  month's  provisions,  to  explore  Queen 
Charlotte's  Valley,  found  Limestone  Creek,  and 
two  days  afterwards  came  on  the  Lachlan.  The 
coone  of  the  Macqnarie  and  Jjachlan  flowing 
into  the  interior  and  diverging  at  each  mile 
became  the  problem  to  be  solved,  1814. 

Hamilton  Jlume,  and  his  brother,  John 
Knaktdy  Hume.  The  Government  expedition  of 
Erana  awakeoed  the  entorprise  of  two  native  bom 
yoaths  of  this  name,  who  in  1814,  made  their 
way  through  the  mountains,  and  discovered  the 
coautiy  around  Berrima  and  Bong  Bong.  A  few 
yean  after,  H.  Hume,  in  company  with  Mr. 
Meehan,  a  surveyor,  opened  up^the  Goulbum 
Plains  and  the  country  adjacent     [See  6riux&  ] 

iTr.  John  OxUyj  the  Survevor-General  of  New 
^th  Wales,  took  char^  of  a  party  equipped 
for  the  purpose  of  tracmff  the  Lachlan.  'The 
expedition  left  Sydney,  April  6,  arriving  at 
whnnt  on  the  14th.  The  party  consisted  of 
Kr.  Evans,  Deputy  Surveyor-General ;  Mr. 
iUanCaonin^ham,  tne  King's  Botanist ;  Charles 
f/azer,  Colonial  Botanist ;  w  m.  Parr,  mineralo- 
^t ;  and  eight  men  ;  five  months  provisions, 
aod  two  boato.  August  29th,  they  returned  to 
Batharst,  having  explored  the  Macqnarie  to  the 
oanhes  and  traced  the  Lachlan  for  500  miles. 
K^toming,  they  took  an  oblique  course,  and 
(unseed  some  splendid  country,  several  fine 
r^d  streams  running  north-east,  which  they 
luuned  the  Klizabeth  Kiver,  Mary  Biver,  Molle 
Rimlet,  and  Bell's  River.  Twice  he  was  on 
the  point  of  disooveriuff  the  Murrumbidgee. 
For  oO  miles  not  a  pebble  was  seen.  He  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  interior  of  the 
^^onntry  was  a  marsh,  and  uninhabitable,  1817. 

fJxit^'H  Second  Journey.  Party  consisted  of 
Mr.  Evans,  Dr.  Harris,  surgeon  of  the  102nd 
Kegiment,  Mr.  Nazer,  botanist,  and  12  men.  In 
•fuse  they  reached  a  dep6t  which  had  been  formed 
at  Wellington  Valley.  The  boats  were  laden  and 
^liopped  uowly  down  the  Macqnarie,  while  the 
Clones  followed  alone  the  banks.  July  3,  reached 
Moont  Harris.  July  27  discovered  the  Castle- 
nagh  River.  Augusts,  ascended  Mount  Exmouth, 
Arbuthnot's  Range,  Liverpool  Plains  (aftor  Lord 
Liverpool).  September2,  discovered  and  named, 
in  honour  of  Sir  Robert  Peel,  the  Peel  River 
(native  Namoi),  and  soon  afterwards  discovered 
and  named  the  Goulbum  Vall^  and  Cockbum 
Kivcr,  flowing  into  the  Peel.  HhiQ  Apsley  River 
^u  next  named,  followed  by  the  Hastings,  the 
Forbes,  the  EUenborough,  and  the  King  Rivers. 
b 


November  5,  Oxley  reached  Newcastle,  having 
traversed  the  whole  of  the  country  between 
Mount  Harris  and  Port  Macqnarie.  They 
carried  a  stranded  boat  on  their  shoulders  for 
90  miles,  from  one  inlet  to  another,  in  their  pro- 
gress to  Port  Stephens,  1818. 

The  result  fA  this  remarkable  joomey  wms  the  necessity 
of  lindiiiff  a  track  to  Liverpool  Plains,  whilst  to  the  puxsle 
of  mvsteriously  flowin£f  riven  was  now  added  the  theory 
of  an  Inland 


Captain  Steicart,  bein^  sent  from  Sydnejr  by 
Governor  Macqnarie,  with  a  small  party  in  a 
boat  to  search  H>r  a  supposed  passage  from  Lake 
Bathurat  to  the  sea,  lost  his  boat  at  Twofold 
Bav,  and  was  cut  off  by  the  natives  in  the 
endeavour  to  reach  Sydney  by  land,  1820. 

Lieutenant  B,  Johnson,  i?.^.,  in  the  cutter 
"  Snapper,"  sent  in  search  of  Stewart,  discovered 
the  C^de  River,  up  which  he  sailed  for  30  miles, 
1820. 

A  small  Government  stetion  formed  at  Port 
Macquarie,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hastings,  1822. 

OxUf/y  accompanied  by  Lieutenant  Stirling, 
and  Mr.  John  Uniacke,  left  Port  Jackson 
October  23, 1823,  in  the  "Mermaid,  "to  ascertain 
the  best  site  for  a  penal  settlement  north  of 
Sydney.  They  exammed  Port  Curtis  November 
6,  1823 ;  discovered  the  Boyne  River  November 
10,  1823  ;  reached  Moreton  Bay  November  29, 
1823.  At  Moreton  Bay  met  with  a  white  nian 
named  Pamphlet,  who  gave  him  information 
which  led  to  the  discovery,  December  2,  of  the 
Brisbane  River,  on  which  is  now  planted  the 
capital  of  Queensland.  Lieutenant  Miller  formed 
a  settlement  there,  August,  1824. 

Allan  Cunnimjham,  sent  out  to  explore  from 
the  Cudffegong  River  as  far  as  Liverpool  Plains, 
left  BUnurst  with  five  men  and  five  horses. 
Examined  the  CudKegong  itnd  Goulbum.  June 
2,  discovered  Pancfora's  Pass,  opening  out  a  fair 
and  practicable  road  to  Liverpool  Plains.  27th 
returned  to  Bathurst  by  the  Cudgegon^,  1823. 

Major  OvenM  and  Captain  Currie  discovered 
June  1,  the  Murrumbidgee,  and  explored  the 
country  about  Lake  George,  and  thence  Monaro 
Plains,  which  he  called  Brisbane  Downs,  after 
Governor  Brisbane,  1823. 

Hamilton  Hume  and  Captain  W,  H.  HoveU, 
A  private  expedition  towards  Western  Port. 
Party  consistea  of  six  prisoners,  named  Claude 
Bossawa,  Henry  Angell,  James  Fitzpatrick^ 
Thomas  Boyd,  Samuel  Bollard,  and  Ben  Smith, 
three  horses,  two  carts  drawn  by  four  bullocks. 
Left  Appin,  October  2, 1824,  and  on  13th  arrived 
at  Hume's  Stetion,  at  Dike  George.  Started  again 
October  17  towards  Yass,  named  Mount  Look- 
out, and  fonled  the  Gundorroo  branch  of  the 
Murrumbidgee,  swam  that  river  with  great 
difficulty ;  successively  named  M  'Dougall's  PUuns, 
the  Midway  River,  Batterv  Mount  On  the  16th 
November,  they  reached  a  river  named  "the 
Hume,"  after  the  father  of  Mr.  Hume.  It  is 
now  called  throughout  ite  len^h  the  Murray. 
A  monument,  erected  by  the  mhabitante  "  m 
honour  of  Hamilton  Hume,"  gives  the  date  as 
November  17.  Crossed  the  river  on  the  20th. 
On  the  27th  they  crossed  the  eighth  river  met 


18 


AUSTRATJAN  LAND  EXFLORER& 


^th,  and  named  it  the  Ovens,  after  MajorOrens, 
private  secretaiy  to  Governor  Brisbane.     Next 
named  Mount  Buffalo,  Oxley's  Greek,   Mount 
B^evae,  and  Berry's  Plains.     On  December  3, 
they  reached  a  river,  to  which  the  mane  of  Hovell 
was  given.     It  had  been  previouslv  seen  higher 
up  by  Dawson,  and  named  the  GoulbonL    At  the 
crossing  place,  two  hills  received  the  names  of 
Mounts  Throsby  and  Meehan.     On  December  7, 
they  discovered  Kinff  Parrot  Creek,   and  the 
country  from  Muddy  Creek  to  Mount  Disappoint- 
ment **  Bannister's  Forest,"  after  the  Attorney- 
Ckneral.   Mount  Piper  and  Sandy  Greek  follow. 
The  Julian  Range,  Bland's  Mount,  Mount  Hodo- 
meter, Relief  and  Broughton  Creeks,   and  20 
miles  further  on  the  Amdell,  after  Dr.  Amdell, 
the  fatl'.er  of  Mrs.  HovelL     On  December  16, 
they  camped  on  the  beach  at  Bird  Rock  Point, 
near  the  site  of  G«elong,  and  Kennedy's  Creek 
was  named.     Mount  Woolstonecraff  is  identified 
with  Vila  Minarter  or  Station  Peak,  which  they 
asoeuded.     Other  remarkable  hills  were  named 
Mount    M'Intosh,   after  the  Barrack    Master, 
Mount    Campbell    (after    Mr.     Campbell,     of 
Harrington  Park),  and  Mount  Berry,  after  Mr. 
Alexander  Beny,  and  finally  the  Julian  Range. 
On  the  19th  December,  they  recroesed  the  Amdell 
and  Broughton,  Bland's  Plains,  and  the  Julian 
Range,  at  a  point  called  Hume's  Pass.    This  lies 
between    Mount    Di8api)ointment    and    Mount 
Wentworth,  named  alter  the  leading  colonist  of 
l^at  name.     Mount  Wentworth  is  the  Mount 
Macedon  of  the  maps,  and  the  Mount  Ginburrh 
of  the  blacks  ;  it  should  be  called  Mount  Hume. 
Christmas  Day  was  spent  on  the  Hovell,  and  on 
the  last  day  of  1824  they  recroesed  the  Ovens. 
January  18,   1825,  the  party  arrived  at  Hume's 
Station,  at  Lake  George.    This  was  a  remarkable 
exploration.     Unhapj^y  differences  existed  be- 
tween the  leaders.     Labilliere's  History  [1878] 
fives  the  full  details,  which  are  oontradictoiy. 
Each  leader  received  a  grant  of  1200  acres,  1824. 

Captain  Wri{/?Uf  of  the  Buffs,  sent  down 
from  Sydney  with  a  detachment  to  occum* 
Western  Port,  owing  to  some  reports  that  tne 
French  intended  to  form  a  settlement  in  Aus- 
tralia. Captain  Hovell  accompanied  this 
expedition.  They  sailed  in  H.M.S.  "Fly,"  Cap- 
tam  Wethendl,  and  the  colonial  brigs  "Amity" 
and  "Dra^n,"  October,  9,  1826.  Major 
Lockyer,  with  another  detachment  in  the  same 
ships,  continued  the  voyage,  and  for  the  same 
reason  established  a  settlement  at  Albany, 
Western  Australia,  which  was  abandoned  in  1 830, 
when  the  settlement  was  merged  in  the  Swan 
River  Colony.  E2ach  party  consisted  of  two 
officers,  eighteen  soldiers,  and  twenty  prisoners. 

Mr.  WiSiarty  the  master  of  a  small  cutter, 
driven  into  a  bay,  which  received  the  name  of 
Port  Fairy  from  the  vessel,  1827. 

Mr.  William  StUkm,  master  of  a  sailing 
vessel,  visited  Portland  Bay,  and  built  a  house 
at  Whaler's  Point  in  1829.  In  1831  he  occupied 
it  for  some  time  while  sealing,  and  in  1832  he 
formed  a  whaling  station  there,  erected  building, 
and  grew  vegetables.  He  died  at  his  farm,  Nar- 
rawong,  near  Portland,  July  20,  1878^1828-9. 


Allan  Cunmngham,  with  a  party  of  six  men 
and  eleven  horses,  started  from  the  Upper 
Hunter  30th  April,  and  crossed  Oxley's  Inck 
till  he  fell  in  with  a  branch  of  the  Peel  Riter, 
atm  elevation  of  1,900  feet.  Discovered  the 
Darling  Downs  and  the  atreanui  which  are 
tribntuy  to  the  Gondamine.  His  furthest  point 
was  75  miles  west  of  Brisbane.  The  diaeovciy 
of  the  Downs  and  the  Dnmaresq,  theGwydiraod 
the  Barwan,  or  Upper  Darting  Riven,  were  the 
features  of  this  important  exploration,  1827. 

Cunningham  tnced  the  Brisbane  to  its 
sources,  1829. 

Capiom  Charles  Sfnrt  39  B^gt.,  first  expe- 
dition, accompanied  by  Hamilton  Hume,  StaiF- 
Surgeon  M'Leod,  two  soldiers  and  eight 
prisoners,  left  Sydney  November  10,  18S): 
February  4,  1829,  discovered  the  Darling, 
which  they  traced  down  to  lat  29"  37'  and  Imig. 
145"  83' ;  reaohed  New  Year's  Creek,  or  the 
Bogan,  and  traced  it  up  for  SO  or  60  mike; 
folfowed  the  Gastlereagn  for  100  miles.  7th 
April  reached  Mount  Harris,  and  thenoe 
hastened  home. 

Sturt*s  second  expedition  started  Nov.  3, 1829. 
accompanied  by  Mr.  George  M'Leay,  son  of 
the  Golonial  Becretary,  Mr.  Frazer,  botsaist, 
Harris,  Hopkinson,  Kobert  Harris,  Clayton, 
MuUholland  and  Macnamara.  In  January, 
1890,  embarked  on  the  Mnrrumbidgee,  and 
followed  it  down  to  the  junction  with  the 
Murray ;  14th  January  discovered  the  junction 
with  the  Darling ;  discovered  the  Rufus  and 
Lindesay  Hivers,  and  on  3rd  February  entered 
Lake  Alexandrina.  On  the  23rd  they  reached 
the  sea  at  Encotmter  Bay.  Start  re-entered  the 
river,  and  after  a  month  of  almost  incredible 
hardship,  r^ained  the  Mumunbidgee,  and 
Sydney  on  25th  May.  This  2,000  miles  pall  in 
a  Doat  was  a  very  remax^able  exploration.  Start 
died  at  Ghelteidiam,  England,  June  16,  1868, 

Captain  (Sir  James)  Stirling,  in  H.M.S. 
"  Success,"  surveyed  the  coast  of  Western  Aos- 
tralia,  1829,  a  settlement  formed  at  Pertii  this 

J  rear,  when  Gaptain  Freemantle  in  the  **  Chal- 
enger  "  took  possession.  Before  the  end  of  thai 
year  twenty-nve  ships  from  England  had  landed 
850  emigrants  and  a  vast  quantity  of  ttwk. 
In  1830  over  1100  more  settlers  arriired. 

Captain  Bannister,  first  explorer  of  overland 
route  from  Swan  River  to  King  G«orge*8  Sound, 
1829. 

Mr.  Hay  explored  the  ba<^  country;  dis- 
covered the  Denmark  River,  and  returned  to 
Parry's  Inlet,  1829. 

Mr.  Dah  made  a  journey  from  the  Canning 
or  Upper  Swan  followed  up  tiie  Avon  to  York 
and  Beverley,  1830. 

Captain  Stirling  and  lAeuUnant  Boe,  then 
Surveyor-General  of  Western  Australia,  made 
sevend  explorations  of  a  limited  chaiacter  tD 
the  eastward  from  Perth,  1831. 

Moore     ^ 

Bunbury       Exploration  in  the  neiriibourhood 

Wilson      -of   the  Swan;    the  Mxiore  River 

ColUer        named  by  the  first,  1831. 

HiUman  j 


AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLOREBfi. 


19 


Coptow  dtOMil  Barker,  of  the  30th  Regiment, 
wlio  hid  been  at  Port  lUffleB  on  the  N.  Coast, 
and  Mr.  Kent  were  sent  from  Sydney,  in  A^l 
1831,  to  search  for  some  communication 
bstwMD  Lske  Aleicaodrina  and  St.  Vincent's 
Golf,  foUowing  up  the  conjectures  which  arose 
fram  Start's  wonoerf ul  boat  Toyage.  Ascended 
Mount  Lofty  and  saw  the  ^ains  on  which  now 
itand  Adelaide,  Norwood,  and  Kensington. 
Btfkar  wss  killed  by  the  natives  on  the  beach 
•t  the  Muzray  entrance,  and  Kent  returned  in 
the  ship  to  Sydney,  1831. 

Major  (Sir  Thomas)  Mitchell,  Surveyor- 
General  of  New  South  Wales,  with  a  strone 
auty  of  fifteen  men,  and  Messrs.  White  ana 
Fia^  two  volunteers,  with  seventeen  horses, 
outs,  and  canvas-boats.  Some  information  of  a 
riTer  named  Kindur  (Owydir)  by  the  blacks  was 
faraogfat  in  by  an  ewnped  prisoner  named 
Clarite,  who  had  lived  with  the  tribes  about 
liverpool  Plains.  Acting  Governor  Sir  Patrick 
Uodetay  wye  Mitohell  Mve  to  search  in  this 
qavter.  They  started  November  2i,  1831  ; 
QD  December  29  tliey  reached  the  Peel,  then  the 
limit  of  exploration  in  this  direction,  and  on 
])eeeari)er  22  the  Namoi.  Here  the  canvas 
bwts  were  launched,  and  a  man  sent  back  with 
the  news,  but  was  never  afterwards  heard  of. 
Od  Janitaiy  9,  1832,  th^  made  the  Gwydir, 
aad  Cumingfasdn  followed  it  for  twelve  days,  and 
imched  the  iMsd-quarten  of  the  Darling,  called 
W  the  natives  Kavuala  (Macintyre).  On 
Fbfarosiy  4,  they  reached  the  Darling.  Pinch 
Ittd  boen  sent  bsMok  from  the  Peel  to  the  Hunter  ; 
hi«  party  were  killed  by  the  blacks.  On 
Jdly  11,  when  100  miles  from  junction  of 
Hunay  and  Darling,  they  started  on  their 
return  and  reached  Sidney  in  safe^.  Places 
uiMd  in  their  expedition  and  their  significa- 
tion :— Pic  of  l^angtdda,  December  15,  1831, 
(aative) ;  River  Namoi,  December  22  ;  £m«r- 

Siendi  Hill,  December  23 ;  Bnllabahikit  Hill, 
rant  Fracer  (after  the  botanist),  January  4, 
liQ2 ;  the  Kssaola,  Febroanr  6 ;  Maule's  Creek 
jCoknel  LanderdbJe  Mauk),  February  24; 
Hoont  Forbes  (Captain  Forbes,  38th  Regiment), 
FebniaiT  24 ;  Mount  Lindesay  (Sir  Ffttnck  lin- 
<^7),  Febraary  24  ;  Mount  Wairogo  (native), 
f^brairy  27  ;  Mount  Idive  (native),  Mullaba 
Ffauna,  Mount  Albueva,  Mount  Ooniada  (native), 
1831-2. 

Captain  Fuffheg,  who  had  been  sent  after  bnab- 
nagen  on  tJie  Namoi,  abo  tried  to  find  the 
Kiodnr  bat  without  effect. 

Mr,  Dktom,  in  October,  1833,  traced  the 
n^ges  between  the  TjtcMan  and  the  Maoquarie, 
by  crossiBg  tbe  Bogan,  which  he  followed  for 
67  miles. 

Mr.  Edward  Henty  visited  Portland,  in  July 
1S34,  in  the  ''Thistle,"  Captain  LiddelL 
He  letumed  November  19,  with  stock, 
wbaling  gear  and  boats,  and  formed,  with  hia 
Another  Rrsncia,  who  arrived  a  month  later, 
the  First  FenDanent  Settlement  in  Port  Phillip. 
Ms.  Henty's  oaneer  in  Victoria  is  historical ;  he 
died  at  Melboome,  August  14,  1878.  Captain 
Liddsll  died  at  Queensoliff,  February,  1878,  and 


bv  the  desire  of  the  Knglirfi  Government  a  notioe 
of  '*the  upright  and  honourable  founder  of  the 
Colony  of  Victoria"  was  published  in  the  Vic- 
torian ''Government  Gazette,"  January  17, 1879. 

John  BcUman,  as  agent  for  an  association 
formed  in  Tasmania,  crossed  Bass  Stiait  from 
Greoige  Town  in  the  "Rebecca,"  30  tons,  on 
May  12,  1835,  and  entered  Port  Phillip  Heads 
2dtL  Ascended  Station  Peak,  and  traversed  the 
country  around  Geelong.  On  2nd  June  anchored 
at  mouth  of  the  Yarra,  nesct  day  ascended  that 
river,  which  he  named  after  hmiself .  He  re- 
turned to  Tasmania,  leaving  a  jarty  behind  him. 
He  returned  to  Port  Phillip  with  his  family  in 
April,  1836,  and  became  a  permanent  settler,  and 
died  in  May,  1S39.  The  disputes  between  him 
and  Fawkner  as  to  priority  of  discovery  are  well 
known.  The  truth  is  thatlx>th  sailed  by  the  charts 
of  Port  Phillip  published  bv  Flindera  in  1814. 

John  Ptueoe  ^'awkner,  who  had  been  a  boy  on 
board  the  "Ocean"  in  the  attempted  settle- 
ment at  Port  Phillip  in  1803  [&«  Coluns], 
having  prospered  as  a  Taamanian  colonist,  thu 
vear  fitted  out  the  "Entezprise,"  in  which 
htti  associates,  William  and  Samuel  Jack- 
son, J.  Lancy,  R.  H.  Marr,  and  Geoi^e  Evans, 
on  the  27  th  July,  1835,  left  Hobart  Town 
to  oross  the  Straits  in  search  of  country  at  Port 
Phillip.  They  entered  Western  Port  August  8th^ 
andonthe  16tii  passed  throughPort  Phillip  Heads. 
On  the  29th  they  carried  the  vessel  up  the  Yarra, 
and  tied  her  to  the  tea-tree  growing  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  where  the  (Queen's  Wharf  now 
stands.  The  career  of  Mr.  Fawkner  is  historioaL 
He  died  September  4th,  1869. 

MiteheWs  journey  to  the  Darling,  and  thnmgh 
Australia  Felix.  A  party  of  25  men,  with  draya, 
horeesand  two  boats,  March  9,  1835,  started  and 
explored  down  the  Lachlan.  Tried  to  strike 
across  for  the  Darling.  Reached  the  Murrum- 
bidgee,  the  Murray  Scrubs,  and  the  DadinK 
junction.  Explored  up  the  Murray  in  June,  and 
passed  without  knowing  the  iunction  of  the 
Edward.*  On  June  20  they  reached  the  junctioiL 
of  tiie  Loddon,  and  traced  it  for  three  days.  Ar- 
rived at  Swan  Hill,  21st  June.  Discovered  aad 
named  River  Yarrayne,  Bc^  Lakes,  Moonh^t 

*  Names  given  in  this  portion  of  tlie  Expedition  : 

County  of  Cook,  lit  April. 
Pmb  of  Mount  Victoria  (optned  IfiSSX 
Durmefa  Creek. 

Mount  JuKm,  11th  April,  after  Mr.  Cuuningfaam's  mottisr. 
Mount  Laidley,  after  the  Commiaiaxy. 
Cookopie  Lagoon       "N 
CoogoondfToy  Creek  I 
Turangeno  Plain         VNaUve. 
BoonHiU  f 

Tandogo  Greek  J 

Berry  lUdge,  17th  ApdL 

Burrqudine  )     2nd  Ma^,  native  names  of  plaoea  on  the 
Curdenda     V  Bogan,  where  Cunniugham  the  botanist 
CuddoMurg )  was  killed  hv  them. 
Mount  Hopeless,  16th  May  (6-day  seardi  on  his  taaeka). 
Fort  Bourke,  27th. 

M'Culloch's  Range,  24th  June  (Dr.  M'Culloeb). 
Mount  Lyre,  86th  fflir  Charles  I^-re). 
Mount  Danherry  (Dr.  Danbemr). 
Mount  Murohison  (Sir  Roderick  Mnrehison). 
Affrav  with  natives,  11th  July. 
Oreenough  Range,  20th  (G.  B.  Greenough,  geologist^ 
Mount  Maophenon,  29th  (after  the  Revenue  GoUeolor, 
Sydney). 


20 


AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLOREBS. 


Greek,  Mount  Hope,  Pyramid  Hill,  Mount  Burrm- 
bunfifJe  July  4,  Tamy  Creek  1 8th,  Dyanbooro 
Creek,  Weelbang  Creek  (native  names),  Mount 
Freethafter  Major Freeth of  the  Royal  Chinneers, 
Avoca  River  10th,  and  Avon,  July  1 1,  Small  Owen 
Creek,  Doseasa's  Creek,  Richardson  River,  after 
the  botanist  of  the  exhibition ;  Lake  Lonsdale, 
after  Captain  Lonsdale  of  the  4th  Regiment,  first 

folice  magistrate  of  Melbourne ;  the  Qrampians, 
6th  July,  the  highest  point  of  which  was  named 
Mount  William,  aiter  the  King ;  Mount  Zero, 
on  17th,  the  northern  peftk  of  the  range ;  the 
river  Wimmera,  18th  ;  Mitre  Rock  and  Lake ; 
Boga  Lakes  ;  Mackenzie  River,  21st,  after  Cap- 
tain Mackenzie ;  River  Norton,  after  James 
Norton,  of  Sydney ;  the  Victoria  Ranges,  22nd, 
after  Princess  Victoria,  now  Her  Majesty  the 
Queen ;  Mount  Arapiles,  originally  Mount 
Howick,  because  it  was  ascended  on  the  anni- 
versary of  the  Battle  of  Salamanca,  called  by  the 
French  Arapiles ;  Greenhill  Lake  ;  Bed  Lake, 
25th  ;  Salt  Lake ;  White  Lake  ;  Sorauvin  Creek, 
a  village  in  the  Pyrenees ;  the  Glenelg  River, 
3l8t,  after  the  Secretary  for  the  Colonies  ;  Nan- 
geela  Valley  (native) ;  the  Pigeon  Pnndis,  3rd 
August,  (from  a  bronzewine  pigeon) ;  Chetwynd 
River  6th  August,  (after  W.  Stapvlton,  the  2nd 
in  command) ;  Mud  Hill ;  Wando  Vale  10th, 
(native,  Temiantgand  geen) ;  River  Wannon 
11th  ;  the  Rifle  Range  (after  the  95th,  now  the 
Rifle  Brigade) ;  River  Stoke  14th,  (after  a  bro- 
ther officer  who  fell  at  Badajos) ;  Fort  0*Hare 
18th,  (after  Major  O'Hare  of  the  95th,  who  led 
forlorn  hope  at  Badajoz) ;  Isle  of  Bags  20th ; 
Discovery  Bay  20th ;  River  Crawfora  22nd, 
(after  General  Oawford  of  the  Light  Division) ; 
Mount  Eckersley  28th ;  Mount  Napier  (after 
Sir  Ceorae  Napier,  who  commanded  advance  at 
Ciudad  Rodrigo) ;  River  Fitzroy  (after  Lord  Fitz- 
roy  Somerse^Lord  Raglan) ;  Mount  Kincaid 
dOth,  (an  old  friend  in  Peninsula) ;  River  Surry 
(at  request  of  Mr.  Harty) ;  Mount  Abrupt  Slst; 
Mount  Clay  (Sir  William  Clay,  G.P.);  River 
Shaw  4^  September,  (after  an  old  comrade) ; 
Lake  Linlithgow ;  Mount  Rouse ;  Mount  E^ccles ; 
Mount  Gavooch ;  Mount  Shadwell ;  Mount 
Clarke  (from  Major  Shadwell  Clarke) ;  the  Py- 
renees 10th  SeptCTiber;  Mount  Hotspur  (prox- 
imity to  Lady  JuUa  Percy,  3rd) ;  Pange  Creek 
11th ;  Mount  Pierrepoint  12th ;  Mount  Bain- 
brigse  (General  Sir  rhillip  Bainbriege) ;  Lake 
Nirale  13th ;  Mount  Sturgeon  (Colonel  Stur- 
geon, of  the  Staff  Corps) ;  Dundee  Range  (Sir 
Robert  Dundee,  K.C.B.)  ;  The  Serra  Ranee ; 
Lake  Repose  13tli,  (here  Stapylton  remained  De- 
hind  to  rest  the  cattle  whilst  Mitchell  with  a 
largepartypushedon homewards;  MountStavely 
10&,  (General  Sir  William  Stavely) ;  The  Hon- 
kins  (after  Sir  John  Paul  Hopkins) ;  The  Cock- 
aiemmy  Lakes  20th,  (native) ;  Mount  Nicholson 
<m>m  Dr.,  now  Sir  Charles  Nicholson,  Bart.) ; 
Mount  Cole  23rd,  (after  General  Sir  G.  Lowry 
Cole) ;  The  Mammaloid  Hills  26th  ;  Mount 
Greenock  ;  Mount  Beckwith  (Colonel  Sir  Syd- 
ney Beckwith,  Rifle  Brigade) ;  Mount  Byng 
28th,  (after  Earl  of  Stafford);  Mount  Alexander 
(a  new  name  for  Mount  Byng) ;  River  Bamaud 


dOth  September,  (after  General  Sir  A  F.  Bar- 
naud) ;  Mount  Macedon  (Mitchell  saw  Port 
PhilUp  from  summit  and  the  tents  of  Bat- 
man and  Fawkner) ;  Mount  Blackwood  ;  Rirer 
Campaspe  5th  October,  (native) ;  Mount  Camp- 
bell 6th,  (General  Sir  Arch.  Campbell,  Bart.); 
Deeeay  Ponds  (native) ;  Violet  Ponds  10th 
October,  (from  flowers) ;  Swampy  River  13th : 
Mount  Bamaud  (see  River)  ;  Mount  Darwin ; 
Fuller's  Range  (after  '*  a  successful  and  public- 
spirited  colonist  of  New  South  Wales") ;  Afonnt 
Dingee  16th,  (native);  Mount  Aberdeen;  Monnt 
Buller;  Mount  Ochtertyre  17th.  Reached 
Sydney  November  3,  1835. 

[This  highly  successful  exploration,  commonly 
called  '*  the  Major's  line,"  resulted  in  the  cnm- 
bersome  name  of  AuMralia  Felix  being  given  to 
the  country  passed  through.  It  has  since  been 
replaced  by  that  of  Victoria,  to  the  opening  np 
of  which  district  Mitchell's  expedition  g^ve  an 
immense  impetus.] 

Captain  Hobmn  of  H.M.S.  "Rattlesnake,'' 
afterwards  the  first  Governor  of  New  Zealand, 
on  a  visit  to  Port  Phillip,  surveyed  and  named 
Hobeon's  Bay,  1836. 

Captain  Sir  John  HindmarttK,  in  H.M.S. 
'^Buffalo,"  28th  December,  founded  Adelaide, 
1836. 

Mr,  Oeorge  Hamilton,  with  a  party  of  seven 
prisoners  of  the  Crown,  made  nis  way  over- 
land  in  Mav  from  Sydney  to  Melbourne.  The 
names  of  these  first  overlanders,  among  whom 
ma^  be  named  Gardiner,  Bonney,  Hawdon  and 
Faithful,  are  preserved  in  Mr.  H.  F.  Gumer's 
Chronicle  of  Port  Phillip,  1837. 

Messrs.  Oellibrand  and  Hesse^  while  exploring 
the  Cape  Otway  country,  were  murdered  by  the 
natives,  1837. 

Settlement  formed  in  May,  1839,  by  the  Keir 
Zealand  Company  at  Port  Nicholson  (Welling- 
ton). Auckland  founded  by  Hobeon  the  same 
J  ear,  which  was  the  capital  till  1865.  In 
anuary,  1848,  the  islands,  which  had  hitherto 
been  a  dependencv  of  New  South  Wales,  were 
formed  into  an  independent  colony,— Sir  George 
Grey  the  Governor  at  Auckland,  and  £.  J.  Eyre, 
Lieutenant-Governor  at  Wellington,  1839-40. 

Angus  M'Millan  started  from  CorrowongMay 
28  1839,  with  Matthew  Cameron,  one  stodman, 
and  a  blackfellow,  to  seek  country  to  the  south. 
From  the  top  of  Mount  M'Leod  (Haystack)  he 
had  a  view  of  Comer  inlet.  On  a  second  expe* 
dition  on  20th  December  he  reached  the  Glen- 

firry  January  23,  1840,  and  asain  starting 
ebruary  9,  1841  ;  on  the  14th  of  that  month 
tasted  the  sea  water  at  Port  Albert.  He  called 
the  countr]^  ''Caledonia  Australia,"  a  name 
which  has  given  place  to  Gippsland.  M'Millan 
named  January  16,  the  Nicholson  River; 
17th,  the  Mitchell;  2l8t,  the  Avon;  22nd, 
lake  Victoria,  Macarthur's  Plains  and  the 
Macalister  River.  Lake  Victoria  is  Uie  Lake 
King  of  Strzlecki.     He  died  May,  1865. 

Count  Paul  E,  von  Strzlecki,  a  distinguished 
Polish  exile,  who  had  travelled  some  700  mil«e 
on  foot  over  Australian  ground  in  his  scientific 
travels,    in   January   1840   joined   at  Sydney 


AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLORERa 


21 


yir.  James  Macurthur  and  Mr.  James  Biley  in 
Msrch  of  country  towards  Western  Port,  15th 
Febnuuy  ascended  and  named  Mount  Kos- 
dnsko,— ^10  feet  high.  On  7th  March  they  called 
at  M^iUiam's  Camp  on  Dowman's  River. 
Tbey  suffered  great  hardships  before  reaching 
Western  Port.  Names  iriven  : — the  Thomson 
River  (after  Sir  Deas  T.);  the  King  (after 
Admiral  P.  P.  K.) ;  the  Riley,  Macarthur, 
Perry,  IHmlop,  and  Barney,  and  the  Latrobe 
after  the  Superintendent  of  Port  Phillip  ;  the 
Maconachie  after  Captain  M.,  formerly  Superin- 
teodent  at  Norfolk  Ishmd,  1840. 

Captain  George  Qrty  of  the  83rd,  with 
lieatenant  Luahington  and  a  party  of  12  men, 
landed  in  December  at  Hanover  Bay,  North- 
westOMst  Sent  vessel  to  Timor  for  ponies. 
These  sickened  and  died,  and  Grey  made  his 
way  back  to  Hanover  Bay,  and  was  picked  up 
by  Captain  Wickham,  who  was  surveying  the 
Goaatinthe  "  Beagle,"  1837. 

(7rfy'«  Second  Journey.  His  party  of  13  landed 
in  February  from  a  whaler  in  Shark's  Bay, — 3 
whale  boata  and  provisions  for  six  months.  They 
nffered  gfeftt  privations  before  they  reached 
Peith.  Discovered  the  Arrowsmith,  the  Karie, 
the  CThapman,  the  Greenough,  the  Gasooyne, 
aad  the  Hutt  Rivers,  1839. 

John  Orr,  Dr.  Stewart,  and  Messrs.  Rankin, 
Rersop,  W.  A.  Brodribb,  Kinghome,  M'Leod, 
and  James  Macfarlane,  inthebaroue  "Singapore" 
to  explore  Gippsland.  13th  February  ^ey 
arrived  at  Comer  Inlet.  The  Albert  and  Tarra 
aad  Kersop  Rivers,  Mount  Wellington  and 
Moant  Singapore  named  by  them.     1841. 

J>r.  Edward  Barker,  Albert  Brodribb,  (brother 
of  W.  A.  B.)  and  Edward  ffobmn,  with  two 
hlackfellows,  were  the  first  to  travel  on  foot, 
ione,  1841,  from  Melbourne  into  Gippsland, 
aad  thence  to  Port  Albert  and  back  to  Mel- 
hoane.  They  suffered  great  hardships,  being 
for  days  without  any  food.  Their  supplies, 
carried  on  their  backs,  were  soon  exhausted,  and 
they  lived  on  what  animal  food  the  blacks  could 
pncore  for  them.  1 841 .  [The  present  road  into 
(rimnland  follows  their  tracks.] 

Mvard  John  Eh/re,  with  a  single  black  boy, 
made  his  astonishing  journey  round  the  Great 
Anatnlian  Bight  to  Albany,  W.  A.,  1840. 
In  June,  1840,  with  a  party  consisting  of  Mr. 
>^tt,  John  Bucter,  three  men,  and  three  natives, 
he  started  from  Adelaide  with  the  intention  of 
planting  the  Union  Jack  in  the  centre  of  the 
Continent.  He  was  beaten  back,  and  abandon- 
ing the  hope  of  going  north,  found  a  passage 
between  the  head  of  Spencer's  Gulf  and  LaEe 
Torrens,  now  known  by  his  name.  Scott  went 
hack  in  the  open  boat  from  Port  Lincoln  to 
Adelaide  for  supplies,  to  be  sent  to  Fowler's 
Bay  Governor  Gawler  sent  to  dissuade  Eyre 
(nun  his  rash  intent,  but  without  avail.  On 
March  7, 1841,  Eyre  and  Baxter,  with  three  black 
hoys,  pushed  into  the  desert,  135  miles,  five 
days  without  water,  till  they  reached  the  coast. 
^Vhen  600  miles  from  King  George's  Sound,  they 
had  but  three  weeks'  provisions  left.  Baxter 
was  murdered  by  two  of  the  black  boys ;  and 


alone  with  the  other,  Wylie,  Eyre  pursued  his 
journey.  They  were  succoured  at  Rossiter  Bay  by 
a  French  whaler,  and  eventually  reached  Albany. 

The  Messrs.  Russell  made  some  explorations 
of  the  Darling  Downs,  the  Condamine,  and  the 
country  around  Wide  Bay,  1841-42. 

Captain  Frame,  Surveyor-General  of  South 
Australia,  made  some  explorations  of  the  Lake 
Torrens  country,  1842-43. 

J,  A,  Horrodcs,  a  South  Australian  explorer 
of  much  promise,  in  an  attempt  to  examine  the 
head  of  Spencer's  Gulf,  was  killed  by  the  explo- 
sion of  his  gim,  1846. 

Ludwig  LeichJiardl,  An  expedition  to  connect 
the  surveys  of  Wickham  and  Stokes  and  the 
settlement  of  Port  Essington,  which  had  been 
abandoned  in  1823,  and  a  second  time  estab- 
lished in  1831,  with  a  view  to  a  market  in  Lidia 
for  Australian  horses.  Party  of  nine  persons 
(two  natives),  all  volunteers.  Their  names  were 
Calvert,  Roper,  Murphy,  Hodgson,  Gilbert 
(naturalist),  and  Phillips.  Sixteen  oxen  and 
seventeen  horses.  On  October  1, 1844,  they  were 
on  the  Condamine.  Discovered  and  named  the 
Dawson,  Gilbert's  Ranees,  Lvnd's  Range,  E!xpe- 
dition  Range,  Mounts  Nicholson  and  Aldis,  the 
Boyd  River,  the  Christmas  Ranges,  Comet 
Creek,  Albinia  Downs,  the  Mackenzie,  Mount 
Stewiurt,  Peak  Range,  Coxen's  Range,  and  the 
Isaacs  River,  the  Suttor.  Thus  far  they  had 
proceeded  under  the  influence  of  the  sea-breezes. 
On  March  9,  1845,  they  reached  a  fine  li^e 
in  the  channel  of  that  river.  Discovered  Mount 
M'Connell,  the  Burdekin,  the  Clarke,  and  the 
Perry.  At  the  end  of  April  they  were  in  lati- 
tude 18"*  59^,  hoping  that  the  Burdekin  would 
lead  them  to  the  Gulf.  Separation  Creek  and  the 
Mitchell,  May  20.  On  June  25  they  had  passed 
the  head  of  the  Gulf.  On  the  28th,  an  onslaught 
was  made  on  the  party  by  the  natives.  Gilbert 
was  killed,  and  Roper  and  Calvert  dangerously 
wounded.  The  Gilbert  was  next  seen  and 
named,  and  on  the  6th  August  a  liver  Leichhardt, 
thought  to  be  the  Albert  of  Stokes.  Gregory 
subs^uently  called  it  the  Leichhardt.  'Hiev 
were  now  in  country  like  ' '  the  Plains  of  Promise ; 
Breame's  Brook,  and  the  Nicholson,  Turner  and 
Wentworth  Creeks,  the  Tasman,  Seven  Emu, 
Cycas,  Robinson,  and  Macarthur  Rivers  were 
crossed  and  named  in  succession.  October  13, 
Limnen  Bight  River,  the  Wickham,  the  Roper, 
the  head  of  which — a  bubbling  spring — uiey 
reached  on  the  28th.  Onthe  2Sid  November, 
they  were  on  the  South  Alligator  River,  and  on 
the  3rd  December,  on  the  eastern  river  of  that 
name.  Moimts  Beddome  and  Roe  on  the  15th 
December ;  and  on  the  17th,  after  a  journey  of 
3000  miles,  extending  over  fifteen  months 
"raeged  and  famished,  with  no  stores  but  a  few 
steaks  and  dried  strips  of  their  last  bullocks,  and 
no  animals  but  the  horses  they  rode,  they  reached 
Port  Essington.  "The  return  to  Svcbiey  was  made 
by  sea.  The  country  they  passed  through  is  now 
all  occupied  by  stock.  Port  Essington  was,  how- 
ever, abandoned.  The  explorers  were  received 
with  enthusiasm,  and  rewarded  by  the  State,  and 
£1,400  subscribed  as  a  present :  1844-45. 


2S 


AUSTRALIAN  LASD  KXFLOBEBa 


Stnrta  Expedition  to  the  Central  Desert — 
1944-5. 

[The  party  conmsted  of  Mr.  Poole,  aa- 
aistant  auryevor ;  Mr.  J.  H.  Burton,  8urge<m ; 
and  Mr.  J.  M 'Douall  Stuart,  draughtsman  (who 
afterwards  croued  Australia),  and  twelve  men. 
They  had  a  boat,  4  drays,  200  sheep,  30  bul- 
locks, and  eighteen  months'  stores.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1844,  tiiiey  left  the  junction  of  the 
Murray  and  Darling.  Discovered  and  named 
Laidley's  Ponds  [native,  WiUiorara],  Cawn- 
diUa,  Stanley,  or  Barrier  Ranges.  Saw  there 
Mr.  Serle,  of  Frome,  and  Eyre,  and  the 
ByeU  and  Babba^,  of  Mitchell ;  Hood's  Creek, 
Mount  Arrowsmith,  Browne's  Creek,  Grey  and 
Stokes  Ranges,  ^.  For  six  months  tliey  were 
confined,  by  the  want  of  water,  to  one  spot. 
The  heat  was  intense.  "The  tubes  of  the 
tiiermometer  burst,  the  bullocks  pawed  the 
ground  to  get  a  cooler  footing,  the  men's  dices 
were  scorched  as  if  by  fire ;  their  finger-nail; 
were  brittle  as  siass ;  the  lead  dropped  frmn 
the  pencil  and  me  ink  dried  on  the  pen  as 
Sturt  wrote  up  his  daily  journal ;  the  drays 
almost  fell  to  pieces,  the  screws  loosened  in 
their  boxes ;  the  horn  handles  of  the  instru- 
ments and  their  combs  split,  'and  the  wool  on 
the  sheep  and  their  own  hair  ceased  to  grow." 
They  clung  to  the  shelter  of  their  tents.  Poole 
died,  and  was  buried  near  where  Burke  and 
Wills'  now  Ue.  They  were  glad  to  eat  some 
bacon  fat  and  suet  which  the  dogs  had  buried. 
To  sit  their  horses  was  an  agony.  The  water 
was  as  blue  as  indigo,  and  as  salt  as  brine. 
Sturt's  furthest  north,  after  repeated  efforts, 
waa  25'  58',  long.  ISr  26^.  The  Barcoo 
(Cooper's  Creek)  was  just  struck  in  lat.  27*  44', 
long.  40""  22^,  and  his  turning  point  was  in  lat. 
Srse*,  long.  142^  E.  A  dark  purple  sea  of 
stony  dese^.  The  expedition  reached  Ade- 
laide at  the  end  of  1845.] 

Mr,  Commimioner  MitclieU,  a  son  of  Sir 
Thomas  Mitchell,  explored  in  the  direction  of 
the  junction  of  tiie  Macquarie  and  Castlereagh. 
Discovered  the  Narran  and  Bokhara,  both  m- 
butaries  of  the  Darling.  In  28"  25'  he  came  on 
the  junction  of  two  very  large  ri^^ers,  named 
tike  &donne  and  Culgoa,  1845. 

Augustus  C.  Grtiffory,  C.  F,  Orerfwy^  and 
Frank  T,  Oregory^  three  younff  surveyors,  with 
tn  modest  equipment  of  four  horses  and  seven 
weeks'  provisions,  started  in  August  from  the 
outlying  districts  of  Australia,  and  penetrated 
through  a  large  tract  of  salt  swamp  countrv,  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Arrowsmith,  discovered  by 
Grey.  Found  coal.  1000  miles  of  exploration 
in  «r  days,  1846. 

lAtntenant  Helpman  was  sent  in  a  small 
•scbooner  to  Champion  Bay  to  look  for  this  coal. 
He  travelled  with  a  cart  up  the  Greenoueh,  and 
fbllowingthe  track  of  the  Gregorys',  reached  the 
coal  deposit.  His  companion,  Frank  Gregory, 
witii  a  small  party,  nuute  a  flying  survey  of  the 
eountry  adjacent,  December,  1846. 

•71  8.  Boe,  Surveyor-General  of  Western  Aus- 
tralia {See  Kino),  who  had  been  concerned  with 
nearly  «very  effort  at  exploration  in  Western 


Australia,  started  in  September,.  1848,  from 
York,  with  a  party  of  nx  peraooa,  11  honai, 
and  four  months'  proviaiona.  Reached  the 
Palinup— the  last  water  croesed  by  Eyrs— in 
October,  Bremer  Range  and  Fitzaendd  Feaka 
Retreated  to  Mount  Ridley,  and  alter  great 
exertion  reached  the  Rosaell  Range.  Retimied 
to  Ei^perance  Bay.  Coal  found  on  the  Phiffips. 
An  exploration  of  I80D  miles,  1848. 

Augustus  C.  Gregorff,  with  a  narty  of  six  men, 
started  in  September  from  80  nmes  west  of  Portli, 
northward,  toexpk>retheGaBeoyne.  Gnasy^aixu 
between  the  Moore  and  the  Arrowsmith.  rene> 
trated  350  unles  north  ofPerth,  and  fbnnd  a 
galena  lode  on  the  Murchison,  1848. 

Cfofemor  Fiizgeraid,  in  Deeember,  went  to 
examine  this  mineral  deposit,  and  named  the 
Geraldine.  He  was  speared  by  the  blacks,  and 
narrowly  escaped  with  life. 

Sir  Thomas  MHcheU,  to  Tropical  Australia, 
1845.  [All  expedition  fitted  oat  at  tiie  expense 
of  the  Home  Government,  £.  B.  Kennedy 
second  in  command,  W.  Stevenson,  nainralisfc, 
and  76  men,  8  drays,  80  bullocks,  2  boato,  17 
horses,  3  li^t  carts,  250  sheep,  and  provisioBS 
for  a  year,  m  search  of  a  port  for  the  shipnent 
of  horses  to  India.  Left  Parramstta  17tn  No- 
vember, and  Buree  15th  December,  1845;  reached 
the  junction  of  Barwon  and  Macquarie  28th 
February,  1848,  Carawy  Ponds,  Narraa  Rtrer 
7th  March,  the  Balonne  Ist  April,  Cawaa,  Cnl- 
goo,  St.  George's  Bridge  (depdt),  23rd  April, 
Turanimga  Lasoon  30th,  Cogoon  River,  Mount 
Toolumlw  3rd  May,  Mount  First  View, 
Mounts  Minute,  Insiting,  and  Red  Cap,  Mount 
Abundance  7th  May,  the  Fitasroy  Downs  and 
Grafton  Range  (the  (xovenior  and  the  Duke  ol 
G.),  8th  May,  Frosty  Creek  (thermometer  at 
19  degrees  in  tent),  Moimts  Bindango,  Bin- 
dyego,  and  Lake  Ta^mde  11th,  the  Amby, 
the  Maranoa  17th,  Mount  Mevivale  2]8t, 
River  Head  Range,  head  of  the  Maranoa  24th, 
Mount  Lonsdale  27th,  Mount  Kennedy  (depot 
camp),  4th  June : — here  Mitchell  started  in 
advance) ;  Possession  Creek  10th,  Mount  Ovran 
(after  Professor  (X ),  Mount  Cliff,  Mount  Ogilby, 
Mount  Faraday,  Hope's  Table  Land,  Bock- 
land's  Table  Land,  Mount  Aqoarius  21sl, 
Mount  F.  P.  Kennedy  (28th),  Mount  Salvator 
5th  July,  Salvator  Rosa  valley.  River  Salva- 
tor,  the  Claude  14th,  Stephenson's  Pass  17th, 
(after  Dr.  8. ),  Tower  Almond,  Glen  Turret,  and 
Mount  Kit^h  (from  early  association)^  Mount 
Mudge  (Col.  M.)  19th,  Mount  Beaufort  (in 
honour  ol  Sir  Francis  B.,  Hydrograpber  to  the 
Admiralty),  the  Viivw  Bclyando  (native),  Stst, 
Mount  Narrien  (Professor  N.)  27th.  The  ex. 
party  returned  12th  August,  with  the  intentien 
of  exploring  to  N.W.  The  River  Nogoa  dis- 
covered 29tb,  Balmy  Creek  30th,  Mantuan 
Downs  and  Plains  2nd  September,  Mount  Huto 
10th,  Mount  Hutton  (Professor  H.),  Mout 
Playfair  (Professor  P.),  the  Kive  and  Nivette 
Rivers  (commemoration  of  Wellington's  batda) 
13th,  the  River  Victoria  (the  Bvooo,  **the 
future  highway  to  the  Indian  Ocean"),  I9«b, 
Yuranigh    Ponds    25th,    Mount    Gny   S8th, 


ATTSTBALIAN  LAND  EXPLOBEBS. 


23 


Gow  BaDn,  Mount  Kflsnig  (Pitrfa— or  £.)» 
Mooit  NoEwiaiDptoxi  (after  the  Marquisy  Prai- 
dntof  tbe  Royal  Society),  Ist  Oetober,  Mount 
lui^illen  (after  the  Earl  of  L),  Biver  Warrago 
(ntive),  nth.  Mount  Sewei^y,  (ProfoMorS.) 
SMh.  On  the  6th  October  Mitchell  ratomed  to 
Ua  dmdt  camp  at  the  Pyimmidet  and  on  the 
Uth  Kennedy  B  dep6tL  Kennedy  being  sent  S., 
tmid  the  Mooni  Biver.  This  expetfition  re- 
tuned  to  Sydney  in  January,  1847.  '*  Modem 
Una  praaent  no  achiey«nenti  of  a  umilar 
<h»Tt«r  which  can  bear  compariaon  with  these 
jameys  in  Auatndia/'  Sir  Thomas  Mitchell 
died  ath  October,  1865. 

Mr,  Kennedy f  with  a  party  of  8  man  (mounted) 
ml  leading  sfiare  horses,  2  liffbt  caits,  and  8 
aMmths'  provisions,  started  in  March  to  deter- 
ansa  whetiier  tiie  Barcoo  (Victoria)  of  Mitchell's 
hit  expedition  and  Sturt's  Cooper's  Creek  wore 
(he  suae.  On  August  13,  having  travelled  up 
tbe  Wann^ro,  he  reached  Mitchell's  furthest 
post  on  the  Barcoo,  discovered  the  Thomson 
(aaaed  after  Sir  £.  Deas-T. ),  and  having  run 
ife  Viet(»ia  to  a  dry  channel  in  a  desert  instead 
d  s  highway  to  a  shipping  port  on  the  north 
•oast,  as  was  expected,  turned  back  in  latitude 
ar  IS'  and  longitude  142*  20",  and  reached 
Sydney  eariy  in  1848. 

Lriehhardt*9  last  expedition  with  the  inten- 
tbs  of  crossing  the  continent  from  Mitchell's, 
Victoria  Biver,  to  Swan  Biver.  The  party  oou- 
■Had  of  H.  Classen,  his  brother-in-law,  Mr. 
Bonee,  naturalist,  and  six  men.  They  had  100 
iheep,  270  goats,  40  bullocks,  15  hones,  and  13 
mslo.  They  started  in  December,  1847,  from 
Umt  former  station  on  Barley's  Creek.  In 
Jasoary,  1848,  they  lost  most  of  their  horses 
and  oattie  near  the  Condamine.  They  followed 
thof  dd  track  to  the  head  of  the  Dawson,  and 
caoM  on  the  Mackenzie,  where  they  were  all 
hid  up  with  fever  and  ague.  The  news  of 
Mitch^*8  discoveries  of  the  Fitzroy  Downs  and 
l^afton  Bange  having  reached  Leichhardt,  who, 
impeded  by  his  floclu  of  goats  and  sheep,  had 
hsni  wandering  for  many  months  over  the  Fitz- 
roy  Downs,  he  organised  another  expedition,  and 
m  the  9th  August,  1847,  accompanied  by  Mr. 
F.  N.  Isaacs,  Mr.  Bunco,  Mr.  Perry,  and  a 
UackfeUow,  started  from  the  Darling  Downs, 
and  readied  the  Cogoon,  54  miles  west  of  the 
Honetiack  Biver,    1847-^. 

Mr.  Kmwfly's  expedition  towards  Cape  York. 
The  party  consisted  of  Mr.  W.  Carron,  botanist,. 
Mr.  T.  Wall,  naturalist,  nine  men,  and  a  native 
oiled  Jaeky  Jacky,  28  horses,  and  100  sheep. 
Iheywera  Unded  from  the  '*  Tam-^-Shanter," 
at  fioekinffham  Bay,  May  90.  H.  M.  S. 
"  Bambler  was  to  meet  them  at  Cape  York.  At 
Weymouth  Bay  Kennedy  left  eight  of  his  party 
hehmd,  and  pushed  on  with  the  others  and  the 
SB^ee^  When  a  few  miles  distant  from  Cape 
Yoik  they  were  attacked  by  the  blacks,  and  all 
hitt  Jaeky  Jadty  murdered.  He  succeeded  in 
carrying  the  distressing  news  to  the  *' Ariel," 
viudi  veseel  was  waiting  at  Port  Albany,  23rd 
Dtesmber,  1848.  The  party  left  at  Weymouth 
Bay  were  reduced  by  the  constant  attacka  of  the 


natives  and  starvation  to  only  two  survivors, 
Mr.  Carron  and  Mr.  Goddard,  when  they  were 
lescued,  1848. 

Messrs.  Oabden  and  HtUkes,  Exploration  of 
Lake  Torrens  country,  whilst  searchinff  for  sheep 
runs  at  the  head  of  Spencer's  Guf,  South 
Australia.     1861. 

Jf  r.  Hcvenden  Hely  and  a  party  of  six  with  12 
months'  provisions,  started  in  January  from  the 
DarUng  Uowns  towards  Peak  Downs,  in  search 
of  Leichhardt.  Misled  by  various  reports  re- 
ceived from  the  blacks,  ho  found  some  old  sheep 
bones,  &c.,  left  by  Mitchell  at  one  of  his  campa 
on  the  Maranoa.  He  gave  up  the  attempt  at 
the  Nivelle  of  Mitchell,  and  returned  to  the 
Balonne  in  July,  1852.  [The  details  of  the 
various  expeditions  sent  forth  on  the  search  for 
Leichhardt  are  far  beyond  the  limits  of  this  work.] 

WiUiam   A,    RandaUy    in    his    steamer   the 
"Maryanne,"  first  navigated  the  Murray  by 
steam  as  far  as  Maiden's  Punt,  Echuca,  1853. 
'  Captain  Francis  Catlell  opened  up  the  Murray 
to  steam  navigation  as  far  as  Swan  Hill,  1853^ 

i?.   AuMin^  Assistant  Surveyor-General,  des- 

Eatched  by  the  Government  of  Western  Austra- 
a,  with  eight  men  and  a  native,  27  horses,  and 
stores  for  120  days.  They  went  to  search  for 
gold,  and  the  direction  to  be  towards  the  Gas- 
coyne.  Left  Northam  July  10.  Cowcowing, 
Mount  Kenneth,  Becruit  Flats,  Mount  Magnet, 
the  Sandford,  Mount  Luke,  Mount  Murchison 
and  River,  Mount  Welcome.  Furthest  point 
26^  15',  longitude  115"  16".  Beached  Shark's 
Bay  and  the  vessel  waiting  for  them,  1854.  [Mr. 
Austin  received  much  credit  for  his  pereeveninoe 
and  courage,  but  the  fruits  of  this  expedition 
were  very  meagre.] 

Awjustas  C.  Gregory,  Expedition  up  the 
Victoria  (of  Stokes),  and  in  search  of  Leich* 
hardc,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Royal  Geo* 
graphical  Society  of  London.  Party  of  1 1,  among 
whom  were  his  brother,  H.  Gregory,  Dr.  (now 
Baron  von)  Mueller,  then  botauoist,  and  W. 
Wilson,  geologist.  The  "Tom  Tough"  and 
"Monanm"  landed  them  on  the  "Plains  of 
Promise"  of  Stokes,  24th  September,  1856w 
The  leader,  Dr.  Mueller,  and  sevenmen  proceeded 
to  explore  the  upper  part  of  the  Victoria. 
Wilson  formed  tuo  camp.  In  six  days  Gregory 
made  Macadam  Range,  and  eight  days  after  the 
Fitzmaurice.  The  early  part  of  November  was 
spent  in  empty iog  the  **  Tom  Tough,"  which 
had  been  damaged  in  the  ascent  of  the  river. 
On  3rd  January,  1856,  Gregory  started  from  his 
dep6t  with  eight  men  (including  Dr.  Mueller,  Mr. 
Elaey,  suiseon,  and  Mr.  H.  Gregory,  30  pack 
and  six  saddle  horses),  and  reached  the  head  of 
the  Victoria  in  IS**  12^,  longitude  130"  39^.  A 
further  journey  of  300  miles  brought  them  to 
Sturt's  Creek,  tho  waters  of  which  became  salt, 
ending  in  Termination  Lake.  Gregory  pushed 
back  to  his  dep6t  on  the  Victoria,  and  from 
thence  made  his  way  acniss  Amheim's  Land  to 
the  Roper  of  Leichhardt,  and  followed  that 
traveller's  line  all  the  way  to  the  eastern  settle- 
raentSb  This  expedition  cost  a  large  sum  ci 
money,  1865. 

CLw-aft  ■  .  ■    . -^ 


24 


AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLOBEBS. 


Benjamin  Heradiell  Balhagty  geologist  of 
S.  A.,  sent  to  examine  this  country  north  and 
east  of  Adeliidde  and  in  search  of  gold,  collected 
specimens  of  stones,  but  found  no  indication  of 
tne  precious  metal,  1856. 

In  a  second  expedition  the  same  year,  accom- 
panied by  Mr.  Bonney  and  three  miners,  they 
made  a  further  search  to  the  north  of  Adelaide 
by  way  of  Mount  Remarkable  and  beyond  the 
head  of  Spencer's  Gulf  to  Mount  Arden  and 
Mount  Seaile.  In  October  Babbage  discovered  a 
fine  stream  of  water  (and  small  lakes)  which  he 
called  after  the  Governor,  *'  Macdonald  Creek  " 
and  the  long  reach  of  water,  Blanch  Water. 

O,  W,  SoydeVf  Deputy  Surveyor-General, 
South  Australia,  an  expedition  to  examine  the 
country  about  Blanch  Water,  and  to  make  a 
trigonometric  survey  of  it.  Gave  a  glowins  re- 
port  of  magnificent  pastoral  country,  named  the 
Freeling  and  Werter  water.  Came  upon  the 
Lake  Torrens  and  found  the  water  fresn.  The 
Government  were,  besieged  by  applications  for 
pastoral  licenses  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Ok>yder*s 
report,  1857. 

Colonel  Freelinff,  R.E.,  Surveyor  General  of 
South  Australia,  was  sent  to  test  Goyder*s  re- 
ports. His  report  decidedly  unfavourable  ;  all 
the  marked  features  of  the  country  seen  by 
Goyder  were  the  result  of  mirasc,  the  whole 
country  round  the  lake  even  of  the  most  deso- 
late description,  1857. 

A,  C.  Gregory ,  in  search  of  Leichhardt. 
This  expedition  was  sent  out  by  the  New  South 
Wales  Government,  the  party  consisting  of  his 
brother  C.  F.  Gregory  and  seven  experienced 
bushmen  and  40  horses  each  carrying  150  lb. 
of  provisions.  They  started  from  Sydney  12th 
June,  1858.  They  reached  the  Barcoo  (Victoria 
of  Mitchell)  in  April,  and  found  the  fine  stream 
seen  by  the  explorer  a  dry  watercourse  and  the 
count^  a  desert.  In  lat.  24**  25'  long. 
145'  S.,  they  found  a  tree  marked  L  and  some 
stumps  of  others  which  had  been  felled  with  an 
axe.  In  Ma^  they  reached  the  Thomson  and 
followed  it  till  it  ran  out  in  plains  of  baked  clay. 

'  This  river  in  1862  was  seen  by  Landsborough  and 
described  as  one  of  the  most  charming  in  Aus- 
tralia. Gregory  pushed  down  C<Mper  and 
Strzlecki  Creek  and  arrived  at  AdeUude  31st 
July,  after  a  seven  months  exploration  which 
left  the  fate  of  Leichhardt  as  much  in  doubt  as 
ever,  1858. 

Frank  T.  Gregory,  An  expedition  to  exam- 
ine the  country  between  the  Gasco^e  and 
Mount  Murchison,  Western  Austraba.  The 
party  consisted  of  J.  S.  Roe,  W.  Moore,  C. 
riavm,  A.  Chainer  and  a  native.  They  started 
16th  April,  1858,  from  the  Geraldine  mme.  Dis- 
covered and  named  Mount  Nairn,  Lockyer  Range, 
Lyons  River,  the  Alma,  Mount  Augustus,  Mount 
Gould,  and  Mount  Hall.  A  million  acres  of 
good  land  were  found,  and  they  returned  to  Ade- 
hiide  10th  July,  1861. 

B,  HemcheH  Babhagt^  third  expedition.  The 
party  consisted  of  W.  G.  Harris,  surveyor  and 
second  in  command ;  T.  Warriner,  assistant ; 
Mr.  Herrigolt,  botanist ;  J.  Jones,  H.  Cornell, 


S.  ThomiMon,  G.  Mason,  teamsten ;  H.  Lewis, 
cook  and  wheelwright ;  and  J.  Stranger,  shep- 
herd. They  left  Adelaide  in  February,  intend* 
ing  to  proceed  to  the  N.  W.  Babbage  disoov- 
eied  the  remains  of  Coulthard,  who  was  lost  in 
March,  1853,  near  Steep's  station.  Mount  Re- 
markable ;  examined  the  whole  eastern  shore  of 
Lake  Gaixxlner,  Lake  Finnis,  Lake  Blyth,  Like 
Macf  arlane  ;  the  eastern  and  western  shores  of 
the  Island  Lagoon  or  **  Great  Salt  Lake,"  and 
Red  Lake,  Luce  Helot,  Lake  Hanson,  lake 
Younff  Husband,  Lake  Reynolds,  &c.  Some  of 
these  had  been  previously  discovered  by  Mesm. 
Macfarlane,  Seymour,  and  Smith  when  search- 
ing  for  coontiy.  Major  E.  Warburton  (with 
CoArles  Greeory  as  second  in  command)  sent  oat 
to  recall  ana  supersede  Babbage,  reached  him  on 
the  western  shore  of  Lake  Gregory  in  November, 
1858.  In  searching  for  Babbage,  Warborton 
found  Mount  Hamilton  and  some  fine  springs, 
Pasley's  Ponds,  Beresford  Hills,  Strancrway's 
Springs,  Douglas  Creek  and  Davenport  Kange, 
Ck)wara  Springs,  Gre^ry  Creek,  the  Hermit 
Range  and  Finnis  Springs.  Major  Warborton 
and  the  Hon.  S.  Davenport,  in  May,  1858,  made 
an  exploration  N.  and  N.  W.  of  Adelaide  to 
Lake  Gairdner.  Mr.  Davenport  advanced  and 
reported  on  the  western  shore  of  the  Lake  for  9^ 
miles  beyond  Hacks  furthest  point,  1858. 

Stephen  Hack  with  Mr.  Miller  in  command  of 
a  party  of  five  men  with  12  horses,  a  dray  and  ax 
months  provisions,  an  expedition  from  Streaky 
Bay  to  examine  to  the  north  and  east.  He  did 
not  penetrate  far,  but  discovered  a  considerable 
extent  of  available  country,  1857. 

Mejutrs,  Murdoch  Campbell,  of  Mount  Remark- 
able, Chas.  Swinden,  of  the  Gilbert,  D.  Thomp- 
son, Tariara,  and  Edwin  Stock  (for  part  of  the 
way)  crossed  the  head  of  Spencer's  Gulf.  Bedack 
Yanaherry,  Bonney's  Bluff,  the  Elizabeth  Rnn, 
Pematty,  Swindeu*s  Country  and  excellent  pa«- 
toral  country  50  miles  further,  1857. 

Mefwra,  MilUr  and  C.  ?K.  Dutton  (of  Hack's 
Expedition)  in  the  same  year  exploration  at 
the  back  of  Fowler's  and  Deniid  cays.  Dib- 
covered  a  gpod  deal  of  available  country,  1857. 

Samuel  i^arry.  Government  Surveyor,  S.A., 
made  a  journey  into  the  country  lying  within 
the  sweep  of  I^ke  Torrens,  Lake  Gregory,  and 
Blanch  Water;  from  Mount  Searle  to  Illanan 
Plains,  and  Agapena.  He  reported  much  good 
country,  1857. 

Sir  Richard  Graves  McDonnell,  Governor  of 
South  Australia,  made  an  exploration  to  Moont 
Searle  and  the  Strangways  and  Loddon  Springs. 
The  following  year,  in  February,  His  Excellency, 
who  had  taken  very  great  interest  in  the  prospect, 
accompanied  Captain  Cadell  in  the  steamer 
"  Albury  "  600  miles  up  the  Darling  above  the 
Murray  junction  to  Mount  Murchison,  1858. 

George  Elphinatone  DalrympU  with  a  party  of 
five  started  on  an  exploration  in  the  districts  of 
Burdekin,  Suttor  and  Belayando,  between  the 
parallels  of  19"  and  20**  S.  They  greatly  ex- 
tended the  knowledge  of  the  country  which 
Leichhardt,  Mitchell,  Kennedy,  and  Gregoy 
had  given  us,  1859. 


AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLOBEB& 


25 


WmUam  R.  RandaU  navigated  in  the  steamer 
"Gemini"  (oonstracted  for  tiie  purpose)  the 
Duiing,  starting  Febmai72,  from  the  Murray 
jmction.  Reaped  Fort  Bourke  on  the  20th 
and  Gnnneewarra,  on  the  Barwan,  on  the  23rd. 
He  reached  his  highest  point  at  Nonah  or  the 
Blacks  Fishing  Oronnd,  now  Brewarrina,  2400 
miles  by  its  windines  from  the  sea  and  1800 
miles  reckoning  from  uie  Murray  Junction,  1859, 
[8t€  Sir  Richard  M'DonnelL] 

John  M*Douall  Stuarty  who  had  been  of 
Start's  puty  to  the  Central  Desert  in  1844-5, 
was  in  1860  engaged  in  looking  for  suitable 
pastocal  runs  for  his  employers,  Messrs.  Cham- 
Den,  and  Finke,  and  had  seen  much  of  the  interior. 
A  reward  of  £2000  had  been  offered  by  the 
Sontli  Australian  Government  to  the  man  who 
aboold  cross  from  sea  to  sea.  In  March,  1860, 
lie  started  from  Chambers  Creek  with  13  horses 
ad  s  party  consisting  of  three,  Keswick,  Head 
and  Massey.  Discovered  and  named  the  Neale 
River,  the  Finke  River,  and  Chamber's  Pillar, 
the  M'Donnell  Range.  On  22nd  April  he  stood 
in  the  cetUre  of  the  CorUment  when  the  Union 
Jack  was  unfurled  and  the  pUice  called  Central 
Mount  Stuart.  His  next  effort  was  to  reach  the 
toorce  of  the  Victoria  River,  and  they  attained 
within  300  miles  but  he  had  to  turn  back  at 
MosntTnmbull.  The  Barker  Range  was  named 
after  the  Governor  of  Victoria,  and  the  Hanson 
Range  after  the  Chief  Justice  of  Adelaide. 
They  reached  the  settled  districts  September  2, 
18^,  more  dead  than  alive,  when  Stuart  was 
received  with  enthusiasm. 

Robert  O'Hara  Burke  and  WiUiam  John 
WUU.  In  September,  1858,  Mr.  Ambrose 
Kyte,  of  Melbourne,  initiated  a  subscription  for 
a  Victorian  expedition  by  a  gift  of  £1000. 
Mr.  Borke,  an  officer  of  police,  was  selected  to 
lead  it,  and  with  him  were  joined  Mr.  Landels, 
who  had  brought  from  India  the  camels  intended 
for  the  exploration ;  Mr.  Wills,  surveyor  and 
astronomer  ;  Hermann  Beckler,  botanist  ;  Lud- 
wi^  Becker,  artist ;  and  ten  assistants,  of  whom 
it  IS  only  necessary  to  mention  Charles  Gray 
and  J(^  ^SJS*  They  left  Melbourne  August 
^  1860.  Thirteen  months  after,  one  sur- 
vivor returned,  broken  down  by  hardship, 
having  left  three  of  his  comrades,  with  whom 
he  had  crossed  the  eofdinent,  dea<l  in  the  desert. 
In  that  time  the  continent  was  crossed  by 
vahoas  searching  expeditions  four  times,  and 
more  knowledge  of  the  interior  obtained  than  in 
the  previous  30  years.  Landels  and  Beckler 
left  the  party.  A  station  superintendent  named 
Wri^t  was  engaged  by  Burke ;  Becker  died 
before  they  found  the  camp  at  Cooper's  Creek. 
From  this  dep6t  on  the  16th  December,  accom- 
panied by  Wills,  King  and  Gray,  the  leader 
dashed  into  the  unknown  interior  with,  it 
appears,  but  one  idea — ^to  cross  the  continent  at 
au  hazards.  The  pitiful  tale  is  too  Ions  to  tell 
here.  They  reached  the  estuary  of  the  flinders 
Biver  (which  Burke  mistook  however,  for  the 
Albert)  on  February  4,  1861,  and  then  hurried 
back ;  on  the  way  Gray  died.  In  the  last  staae 
of  exhaustion  they  again  arrived  at  the  deiwt 


on  the  21st  April  to  find  that  Brahe,  the  officer 
left  in  charge,  had  that  very  day  departed 
south.  The  rest  of  this  unhappy  business 
belongs  to  history.  The  following  names  ap- 
pear on  the  file  map  showing  the  tracks  of  all 
the  Australian  explorers,  compiled  by  Mr. 
Skene,  the  Surveyor-Creneral  of  Victoria,  from 
the  imperfect  records  left  by  Burke  and  Wills 
of  their  line  of  work:  De  Little's  Ranges, 
Mount  Standish,  Mount  Meorlin,  Mount  Bruce, 
Bindon's  Creek,  Mount  Aplin,  Mount  Murray, 
Mount  Barry,  Mount  Forbes,  Mount  Bimie, 
Mount  Collis,  Mount  M'Crowan,  Mount  ligar, 
Cloncurry  Copper  Mine,  Mount  Nicholson, 
Mount  O'Shanassy,  Mount  Morrah,  and  the 
Cloncurry  River,  along  which  they  travelled 
till  they  reached  the  Flmders,  1860. 

BlTRKB     AND      WiLLS     RjSUEF     EXPEDITIGN. 

Alfred  W.  HowUt  :  The  anxiety  of  the  Ex- 
ploration Committee  of  the  Koyal  Society 
re^rding  Burke  and  Wills,  led  to  a  relief  party 
bern^  sent  to  Cooper's  Creek,  of  which  Mr. 
Howitt,  an  admirable  bushman,  was  the  leader. 
Near  Swan  Hill  he  met  Brahe  returning  with 
the  intelligence  that  Burke  had  not  returned  to 
the  dep6t.  Howitt  was  reinforced  and  sent 
forwara.  This  party  consisted  of  E.  J.  Welch, 
surveyor,  and  i,  Wheeler,  Brake,  Atkins  and 
two  others.  He  crossed  the  Darling  near 
Wilcannia,  and  directing  his  course  towards  the 
Stokes  Ranges  (reached  and  named  by  Sturt  in 
1845)  passed  M'Adam  Ranee,  Torowoto,  ,Ca- 
nulta,  Poria,  Wilkie's  Creek,  Mount  Shillinglaw, 
M'Leay's  Plains,  and  finally  the  depot  at  Fort 
Wills  on  Cooper's  Creek,  September  8.  On  the 
16th  the  party  found  King  the  survivor ;  two 
days  after  they  buried  the  remains  of  Wills,  and 
on  the  21st  those  of  Burke.  Carrier  pigeons 
brought  from  Menindie  were  despatched  with 
intelGgence  but  never  reached  home.  The  relief 
party  with  King  returned  to  Melbourne  28th 
November,  1861. 

Alfred  HowUi,  It  havinff  been  determined  the 
remains  of  Burke  and  Wills  should  be  brought 
to  Melbourne,  Mr.  Howitt  was  again  sent  to 
Cooper's  Creek,  (the  Barcoo).  This  party  con- 
sisted of  E.  J.  Wdsh,  Dr.  J.  P.  Murray,  Western 
Phillips,  A.  Aitken,  Henry  Burrell,  H.  D.  Gal- 
braith  Williams,  Short,  and  four  others.  They 
left  Melbourne  9th  December,  1861,  reached 
Port  Wills  18th  February,  1862,  after  making 
several  excursions  in  various  directions  and  dis- 
coveringBateman's,Barrell'8,Phillips,0'Donnell'B 
Williams  Creeks,  Lake  Short,  Howitt  finally 
left  Cooper's  Creek  in  October  1862,  for  Adelaide. 
The  remains  of  Burke  and  Wills  arrived  in  Ade- 
laide, December  11,  and  in  Melbourne,  Decem- 
ber 28,  1862.  The  public  funeral  took  place 
January  21,  1863.  A  monolith  weighing  34  tons 
was  placed  over  the  grave,  and  a  bronze  statue  of 
the  gallant  Burke  and  his  illustrious  comrade 
Wilu,  the  work  of  Charles  Summers,  was  erected 
at  the  cost  of  £4000,  in  the  principal  street  of 
Melbourne.  An  annuity  of  £180  per  annum  was 
granted  by  Government  to  John  King,  and  other 
grants  made  to  Dr.  Wills,  the  father  of  the 


26 


ATTSTBALIAN  LAIO)  EXPLOBEBS. 


explorer,  and  to*  Mrs.  Dogheity,  Burke's  fioeier- 
mother.  King  died  of  phthisic,  January  15,  1872. 
ABoyal  CommiaBion  sat  and  reported  on  ishm 
whole  subject  of  ihe  Borke  and  Wills  Bxpe> 
dition.  It  consisted  of  General  Sir  Thomas  Pn^ 
Sir  Francis  Murphy,  Mr.  Matthew  Herrey,  Mr. 
J.  F.  SoUivan,  and  Mr.  E.  P.  a  Sturt^  the 
hrother  of  the  great  ezplonr.  The  total  cort 
of  the  Buriie  and  Wills  Bzpedition  was  mors 
than  £57,000. 

J,  M*  D.  SHtart.  Third  expedition  eroued 
the  amtinent.  In  Stuart *8  innst  expedition  the 
natives  had  driven  him  back  when  two  thirds  of 
the  way  across.  In  the  second  he  reached  the 
eentre  but  was  stopped  by  waterless  scmba  to 
the  east  of  NewcasUe  water,  when  in  latitude 
17**.  In  the  present  journey  he  aceomplished  the 
0eat  exploit.  This  party  consisted  of  William 
Keckwick  second  in  command,  F.  W.  Thring 
third  ofiicel',  W.  P.  Auldass,  Stephen  King, 
John  Billiaty  James  Frew,  Hertii  Nash,  John 
M'Grorrerey  and  J.  W.  Waterhouse,  natnrslist. 
Leaving  the  settled  districts  of  South  Australia 
in  January  1862,  in  April  he  reached  the  nor- 
tiiem  part  of  his  former  expedition.  The  names 
bestowed  on  Stuart's  line  of  route,  along  which 
now  runs  (nearly)  the  Electric  Teleeraph  from 
sea  to  sea,  were  The  New,  or  Upper  Wides,  The 
Hamilton,  Bagot's  Rimffe,  The  Stevenson,  The 
Lindsay,  The  Coglin,  The  Coyder,  The  Fricke, 
The  Thigh,  Owen's  Springs,  Mount  Hay,  Mount 
Harris,  The  Woodforde,  The  Stirling,  The  Tay- 
lor, Mount  Morphett,  Snilenlands  Creek,  Young- 
husband's  Range,  The  Bonney,  Gilbert's  Creek, 
Tennant's  Creek,  Bishop's  Creek,  Hayward's 
Creek,  Allack  Creek,  Morphett's  Creek,  Tomp- 
kinson's  Creek,  The  Burke,  The  Hunter,  The 
C^leeson,  The  Bfawkcr,  The  Ferguson,  The  Law- 
son,  Adon  Sturf  8  plains  towards  the  Ash- 
buiton  Range.  Reached  his  old  camp  at  north 
end  of  Newcastle  water,  April  8  ;  thence  with 
ssmall  party  he  endeavoured  to  reach  the  Victoria. 
Excursions  in  several  directions  from  Howell's 
Penda,  Frew's  and  King's  waterholes — named  in 
token  of  approbation  of  two  other  party  ;  Nash's 
Spring,  Auid's  Ponds^  M'Qorrerey  s  ponds,  Daly 
imters,  (in  honour  of  the  Governor  of  South 
Australia,  May  23).  From  this  point  he  struck  for 
the  sources  of  the  Wickham,  Furdie's  Ponds,  The 
Strangeways),  aftor  tiie  Commissioner  of  Crown 
lAnds,  South  Australia),  June  14,  Mount  Muel- 
ler, (diter  Baron  Vou  Mueller,  the  distinguished 
botanist).  On  the  22nd  June  they  were  in  the 
eountry  discovered  by  Gregory  in  1866  ;  on  the 
27^  they  were  in  the  magnificent  country  on 
the  Roper  River,  a  branch  of  which  Stuart 
named  after  his  friend  and  patron,  James 
duMnbero,  of  Adelaide  ;  another  large  branch 
was  named  the  Waterhoose,  after  the  natnralist 
ef  the  expedition,  and  a  his^h  tent  hill  Mount 
ShiUinglaw,  after  a  friend  who  had  sent  him  the 
Admiralty  charts  of  the  coaat  he  was  striving 
to  reach.  From  the  top  of  Mount  Helpman  he  saw 
Mounts  Levi  and  Watts,  and  the  Chambers 
Range.  The  Fanny  and  Katherine  were  named 
in.  honour  of  two  daughters  of  Mr.  Chambers. 
Mount  Stow  and  the  Keckwick  Springs.  On.  July 


1 1  tfaepsrty  reached  the  Adelaide  Riirer,  a  famnch 
of  whieh  wae  naned  after  Biias  Mary  Cha^Mn 
and  William  Creek  from  a  son.  BiQiafs  ^iogi^ 
Pneilla's  and  EUen  Creeks,  The  Daly  KsBn 
Mount  Daly  and  Movrnt  Goyder  (after  vn 
Suveyor  General),  Anna's  Creek,  Thriiiff'sCreeL 
On  the  24A.  Jnly  Sturt  stood  on  the  beaoh  of 
Van  Diemen's  Gnlf  and  looked  on  the  wateis  of 
the    Indian   Ocean,  in  whiek,  according  to  a 

Sromise  he  had  given  Govemor  M'DoDndl,  he 
ipped  his  feet  and  washed  his  hands,  then  the 
Umon-Jaek  was  hoistsd  and  left  flying.  From 
Newcastle  water  to  the  sea  beach,  themaia  bo^ 
of  the  horsca  had  been  only  one  night  without 
water.  H  this  country  is  settled,  says  Stosit, 
it  will  be  one  of  Ae  finest  colonies  under  ths 
Crown,  suitable  f(X  the  growtii  of  any  and  evoy 
thing.  The  party  got  back  to  Adelaide  in  Dfr- 
comber.  The  South  Austrslian  Government  be- 
stowed a  reward  of  £2000  on  the  leader,  and  the 
Royal  Geegranhical  Society  sent  him  tiieirraediL 
Hiasnfferinganowever,  on  his  various  jounieyshad 
been  very  great,  and  he  sank  and  died  in  186d. 
H.  and  F,  WUUam  and  J.  NeiUon,  from 
Mount  Rankin,  on  the  Darling,  towards  Cooper's 
Creek,  looking  for  country.  Left  22ud  Jone. 
Route :  Talyw^ka  Creek,  Mnly oh  Spring,  Paaroo 
Creek,  Boree  Creek.  Turned  back  when  36 
miles  from  Cooper's  Creek,  at  a  creek  tfaoagiit 
to  be  identical  with  tiie  Nive  of  MitcheU,  I86L 
WUUam  LatulJiborougk.  This  relief  psrty  ma 
sent  from  Brisbane  in  tiie  "  Firefly"  trsnapart 
with  horses,  &o.,  to  ihe  Albert  River,  when 
Captain  Norman,  of  Her  Majesty's  ship  "  Vic- 
toria," had  fixed  his  dep6t  for  the  vsrioas 
searching  expeditions.  The  party  oonsistedof 
H.  M.  Campbell,  G.  Bonme,  W.  Allison,  W. 
Gleeeon,  Charley,  Jemmy,  Fiahennan,  sod 
Jackey,  aboiiginala.  Of  these,  Mr.  CampbeO, 
Allison,  Fisherman,  and  Jemmy  aocompanietf 
Mr.  Landaborou^  on  a  prelimmary  sosrch  t9 
the  S.  W. ;  on  his  second  journey,  or  across  the 
continent,  his  companiona  were  Bourne,  Glee- 
son,  and  three  of  the  blacks.  The  "Firefly" 
waa  wrecked  in  Torres  Straits,  but  by  great  ex- 
ertion Ci^tatn  Norman  towed  her  round  to  the 
Albert,  and  landed  25  horses.  Hie  party  start- 
ed first  November  16  in  the  direction  of  Cen^ 
Mount  Stuart,  and  made  some  260  miles,  ami 
then  returned  to  the  depdt,  where  news  of 
Burke's  tracks  had  been  brought  by  Walker 
from  Rockhampton.  Landaborou^  on  thistnp 
save  tho  followmg  names  : — ^The  Gregoiy  River; 
Mount  Macadam  and  Creek  (after  ib^  secretaiy 
of  the  Agricultural  Society) ;  Healea  Raoges 
(after  the  Premier  of  Victoria) ;  Hull  RaiiM 
Mount  Moore,  Stawell  Creek  (after  the  C^ef 
Justice  of  Victoria) ;  Mount  Kay  (after  Captaia 
Kay,  R.N.) ;  Smitii  Range  ;  Prior  Range;  Tbs 
O'Shanasay  River  (after  Sir  John  0'Shaoa«y) ; 
Verdon  Creek  (after  Sir  Gearse  Verdoa) ;  Haioea 
Creek  (after  a  former  Chief  Secs^taxy  of  Vic- 
toria) ;  Balfour  Creek ;  Murphy  Creek  (ate 
Sir  Francis  Murphy,  Speaker) ;  Wilson  Creek: 
Campbell's  Tower ;  Haug^ton  Creek ;  Dodwell 
Creek ;  FuUerten  Creek  ;  Dixmi  Ckeek ;  Abbot 
Creek  ;     Barkly  Tablidand    (in.  hononr  of  bit 


AirSTBATJAN  LAND  EXFLOBEBSL 


W 


EneQeney  Sir  Hanry  BarU  j,  Governor  of  Vie- 

toria) ;  Pratt  Craek  (after  General  Sir  Thomas 
Fkitt) ;  Barrows  Creek ;  Ellliot  Creek  (after  an 
€ffifler  of  the  «' Victoria"  ) ;  Pring  Creek  ;  Clif- 
ton  Craek ;  DarTBllCreek(aftBr  B.  DarvaU,  Esq., 
of  Sydney);  Wilkie  Creek;  Alliaon  Creek; 
Tanur  Cradt ;  Mmning  Phun ;  Maiy  Lake ; 
lake  Naooee  ;  The  Herbert  River ;  Cheater 
Oeek.  On  the  return  jonmey  from  thia  pointy 
Jflmaiy  4»  1862,  Harris  CVeek;  Thornton 
Rirer ;  Seymour  River ;  Beeme'a  Broek ;  Bark- 
ley  Biver.  Arrived  at  the  depot  on  the  Albert 
Jamuiy  19,  1862.  On  the  10th  of  Febroary, 
laodBboioagh  again  started  south  on  that 
iriiliant  expedition  which  haa  pUced  him  in  the 
foat  rank  of  explorera.  Their  first  camp  waa 
at  Fort  Bowen  (named  in  honour  of  the  then 
(jovenior  of  Qneenaland,  and  now  of  Manritins), 
foUowing  up  the  Flinders,  Mount  Brown,  Mount 
Little,  (yConnell  Creek,  Branaton  Range,  Sloane 
Craek,  Walker  Range,  and  Table  Mountain, 
Jaidiae  Creek,  Cozen  Creek,  Tower  Hill, 
lAdaborau^  Creek  and  River,  which,  lower 
down,  is  The  Thompson,  Cornish  Creek.  The 
Phins  to  the  east  were  those  discovered  by 
MitcheU  between  the  Alice  and  the  Barooo. 
Hera  Landaborough  was  near  some  old  camp  of 
luB  own ;  Aramac  Creek,  Mackenzie  and  Her^ 
Vert  Ranges,  Stark,  Salton  and  Isabella  Creeka, 
Porteous  Creek,  Bowen  Downs,  Bourne  Creek, 
Mount  Pring,  Dunsmore  Creek,  Mount  John- 
itone.  On  the  19th  April  liiey  reached  the 
Barooo  River,  and  on  the  21at  May  they  reached 
Mr.  William's  station,  on  the  Warregp,  whence 
titty  travelled  to  the  Darling  and  Menindie,  and 
ia  Jane  amved  in  Melbourne.  A  remarkable 
incident  <rf  the  expedition  was  that  Lands- 
borough  brought  across  with  him  a  foal  dropped 
OB  the  FUndaon,  at  Carpentaria,  1861-2. 


RsLisr  Party.  Ftrd^ricJ:  Wafker,  from  Rock- 
lumpton  (Port Curtis),  with  apartv  of  the  Queens- 
hnd nstrvepolice,  of  which  corps  W alker  had  been 
an  officer.  Mr.  Walker  startetl  August  25,  1861, 
tnvBnineknown  country  till  he  reached  the 
Bvcoo.  There  he  found  some  supposed  tracks 
of  Leichhardt.  Cn  7th  October  he  started  from 
the  BarcDo  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  crossed  the 
Alice  on  the  1 3th.  Subsequently  discovered  and 
named  the  Coreenda  River,  Mount  McAlister, 
Moant  Horsfeldt,  Mounts  Casfort  and  Pollux, 
tile  Bockligr  River  (the  Flinders),  Mount  Norman, 
Monnts  Mayne  and  Ward,  Jingle  Creek,  the 
Stavell  River.  Near  this  they  han  an  encounter 
vitfa  the  blacks,  in  which  12  of  their  assailants 
were  killed.  The  Norman  River  (ftyrmeriy  the 
Bynor).  In  lat.  18**  7',  they  came  on  well-defined 
tncks  of  four  camels  and  one  horse  (Burke^s), 
and,  pushing  forward.  Walker  reached  the  depot 
formod  by  Norman  on  the  Albert  on  the  7th 
l^ecember.  Starting  ^ain  on  the  21st,  he  en- 
desToored  to  follow  Burke's  tracks  south,  in 
which  he  showed  his  excellent  bush  knowledge, 
hot  failed.  On  tiie  25th  December  they  reached 
the  Xorman,  and  on  the  Ist  Februaiy,  1862,  the 
Jardine,  whence  crossing  the  Great  Oordillera  of 
^  east  coast,  and  so  by  the  Burdekin,  until  they 
reached  Port  Denison,on  5th  June,  1861-2. 


John  M*KmUx^*B  party  consisted  c^  Mr.  Mid* 
dleton  (Mr.  Hodgkinson  till  February  24) 
aaoood  in  command,  Davis,  Palmer*  Wylde* 
Kirby,  Poole,  Maitland,  and  three  blacks,  wi& 
camels^  buUoeks,  sheep,  and  a  cart.  Started 
from  Adelaide  on  August  16,  1861,  Blanche- 
water  Septaanber  24,  and  arrived  at  Lake  Pando 
October  6,  where  they  heard  reports  from  tiic 
Lake  Toirena  blacks  of  white  men  travelling 
with  camels.  On  October  20  they  reaohea 
Lake  Kadhi-baenri  (Jjake  Massacre)  and  found 
tracks  of  camels  and  horses  and  a  white  ma&'s 
fl^ve.  They  picked  up  a  canteen,  an  eniloded 
Eley'a  cartridge,  and  a  piece  of  tiie  Nautieal 
Almanae,  horse-hair,  &c.  The  body  was  thai 
of  a  European  enveloped  in  a  flannel  jacket  with 
^ort  sleeves.  This  was  Gray's  grave.  Hero 
M'Kialay  had  a  brush  with  the  natives. 
Having,  as  he  thought,  foimd  traces  of  the 
destmction  of  Burke's  party,  M'Kinlay  sank 
the  news  back  to  Adelaide,  and  establisbing  a 
depdt  in  lat.  27'  41'  kmg.  139°  30",  he  waited 
the  return  of  Hodgkinson,  who  brought  from 
Adelaide  the  news  of  the  rescue  of  King  by 
Hewitl  In  an  excursion  to  the  eastward  he 
visited  the  graves  of  Burke  and  Wills.  Starting 
from  his  depot,  he  cot  into  a  country  of  lakes — 
Lake  Buchanan,  Lake  M'Kinlay,  Lake  Jeannie, 
Lake  Hodgkinson,  Lake  Goyder,  Browne's 
Creek,  Mount  M'Donnell  (after  the  Govemw), 
and  Lake  Lady  Blance,  Lake  Sir  Richard — 
where  they  camped  from  the  6th  to  the  18th 
January,  1862.  These  latter  were  covered  with 
wild  fowl,  and  the  country  waa  very  good. 
Hayward  Creek  (after  the  owner  of  Aroona,  in 
S.  A.),  Lake  Stransways,  Alfred  Creek,  Ellar's 
Creek,  Mount  Wylde,  Caddry-yerra.  On 
Febraary  14  they  found  the  remains  of  Borkels 
horse  and  saddle.  Near  thia  M'Kinlay  left  his 
cart  and  sundry  things.  Several  of  his 
party  were  very  ill  and  the  heat  was  intense. 
Some  of  the  bnUocks  w«e  killed  by  it^  but  the 
sheep  throve  wonderfully.  At  the  beginning  of 
March  the  rain  fell,  and  tho  country  became 
flooded  and  difficult  to  travel.  March  9,  ait 
Escape  Creek,  WilFs  Range,  ElHott  s  Knob, 
Browne's  Creek  (after  J.  H.  Brown,  of  Booboo- 
rowie's,  S.A.);  Mlar's  Tier,  and  Warren's  Tier 
of  Table  Tons  (after  G.  Warren,  of  Gawler),  The 
Downs  of  Plenty,  Scott  Ranges  (after  John 
Scott,  of  Adelaide),  Emu  Downs,  Carbine  Creek, 
Davenport  Creek  (after  George  Davenport,  of  Mel- 
bourne),  Brown's  Creek  (after  Charles  Brown,  of 
Bourke-street,  Melbourne)  ;  The  Hamilton 
Range  (after  the  Inspector  of  Police,  Adelaide) ; 
Hunter,  Mary,  ana  Moses  Islands,  Jeannie 
I^agoon,  Euro  Hill,  Kell's  Creek,  Mueller's 
Creek  and  Mount  (after  Baron  von  Mueller,  now 
called  the  Diamantina,  after  Lady  Bowen)  ; 
The  Robinson  River  (after  J.  Robinson,  of  Hume 
River)  ;  The  Mansei^h  River ;  The  Fletcher 
River  (after  G^  R  Fletcher,  of  Tapis,  Darlii^ 
River)  ;  The  Cadell  River  (after  Captain  CadeU, 
^<  the  enterprising  and  indeiatigaue  navigator 
of  the  Murray  and  DarUng") ;  The  Middleton 
Creek,  SavUlis  Creek,  M'Kinlay's  Range,  The 
Mamilton   River,    Tho   Warfourton  (after  the 


28 


AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLOREBS. 


Gommisnoner  of  Police) ;  Crozier  Bange  (after 
J.  Crozier,  of  Manay  Biver) ;  William's  Range, 
Kirby's  Ran^  (where  a  man  of  tliat  name 
was  lost  wiUi  sheep  for  three  days,  to  the 
speat  distress  of  tne  leader  and  himself)  ; 
Black-eyes  Creek  (after  a  noted  bullock) ; 
Marchant  Creek  (after  William  Marchant,  of 
Mananarie)  ;  The  Williams  (after  Edward 
Williams,  Esq.,  NoHh  Adelaide)  ;  The  Elder 
(after  Sir  Thomas  Elder)  ;  Poole*s  Creek  (after 
B.  T.  Poole,  of  Willaston)  ;  Mounts  Elephant, 
Macpherson,  and  Margaret ;  The  Jeanme  and 
Wiluam  Creeks  (the  latter  beinff  the  Cloncurry 
of  Burke) ;  Davis  Creek.  On  May  5,  1862,  the 
party  were  on  Gregory's  track,  20  miles  east  of 
where  he  crossed  the  Leichhardt,  which  river 
they  struck  next  day.  At  Rowdy  Creek  Camp, 
on  May  17,  he  killed  one  of  his  remaining  bm- 
locks,  which  only  ^ve  them  70  lb.  weight  of 
meat  without  a  particle  of  fat.  They  were  now 
surrounded  by  salt  water  creeks  and  the  river 
and  within  four  or  five  miles  of  the  coast.  On 
May  21,  they  commenced  their  return  joumev 
towards  Port  Denison.  Passed  Fisher  Creek 
(after  C.  B.  Fisher,  of  AdeUide) ;  Boord's 
Creek  (after  Samuel  Boord,  of  Adelaide)  ;  got 
on  Landsborongh's  tracks.  On  Jime  7,  struck 
the  Flinders  (Norman  or  Bynoe) ;  Gregory's 
Ranges,  Mount  Wildash  (after  W.  Wildash,  of 
Queensland) ;  Hawker's  Bluff  (after  Hon.  G.  C. 
Hawker)  ;  Morphett's  Peak  (after  John  Mor- 
phett,  of  Adelaide).  So  through  very  rough 
country,  in  which  the  horses  knocked  up,  pro- 
visions failing,  flavouring  their  soup  with  the 
pickled  green-hide  reserved  for  the  camels' 
Doots,  slowly  towards  the  station  on  the  Bur- 
dekin,  passing  Ross  Creek,  Cole  Creek, 
Beveridge  Creek,  Clark's  Creek,  till  July  11, 
when  they  reached  the  Campbell  and  Bowen 
Rivers,  Gibson  Creek  and  Brown  and  Kirsock 
Rivers.  On  the  20th  they  reached  the 
M'Keachie  Creek  (named  aiter  Alexander 
M'Keachio,  of  Delagate,  Monaro,  N.S.W.); 
and  two  days  after  the  Burdekin.  Only  two 
pack  horses  and  one  camel  left  Forster's 
Peak  and  River  (after  A.  W.  Forster,  of  the 
Murray  ;  M*Leod's  Bluff  (after  James  M'Leod, 
of  the  Darling)  ;  and  the  Fletcher  Range  (after 
G.  B.  Fletcher,  of  Ta-pio,  Darlins)  ;  Mount 
Buchanan  (after  Alexander  Buchanan,  of 
Aidaby,  S.A.)  ;  the  Scott  River  (after  £.  B. 
Scott,  of  Mooma,  on  the  Murray)  ;  and  Mount 
Middleton  ("  after  our  right  hand  man")  ; 
Mounts  Frederick  and  Philip  (after  the  brothers 
Fletcher,  of  Melbourne)  ;  Mount  Poole  (after 
R.  T.  Poole,  of  Adelaide) ;  Mount  Bertram 
(after  Alexander  Bertram,  of  Sandhurst)  ; 
Mount  Haverfield  (after  Robert  Haverfield,  of 
Echuca) ;  Mount  Grierson  (after  R.  Grierson, 
of  Melbourne)  ;  Mount  Roberts  (after  G. 
Roberts,  of  the  Murray).  On  July  30  they 
killed  and  boiled  down  their  last  camel.  On 
Auffust  2,  with  only  the  horses  they  rode 
and  one  pack  horse,  they  struck  Hawey  and 
Somers's  out-station  on  tne  BoweiL  Finally, 
the  party  reached  Port  Denison  and  Melbourne, 
where  a  great  ovation  was  given  to  him  and  his 


party,  together  with  Landsborough  and  Eing^ 
at  the  E^bition  BnUding,  1861-2. 

Captain  W.  H.  Norman,  H.MC.S.  "Vic- 
toria." This  expedition  was  intended  as  a  sop- 
port  and  deport  on  the  Albert  River  for  the 
explorations  of  Landsborough,  M*Kinlay,  and 
Walker.  Commander  Norman  had  agenerd 
supervision  of  the  whole,  a  duty  which  be  per- 
formed admirably.  The  officers  of  the  "  Vic* 
toria"  were — G.  A.  Woods,  Ist  Lieutensnt ; 
C.  C.  Gascoyne,  2nd  Lieutenant ;  R.  Griffiths, 
Chief  En^eer ;  G.  Elliot,  Paymaster ;  S. 
Pateraon,  Surgeon ;  —  Frost,  gunner  (killed  by 
a  gun-shot  accident).  The  "  Victoria"  sailed 
from  Melbourne  August  21,  1861.  Succoared 
Landsborough's  party  (26)  ;  found  the  dep6t  on 
the  Albert  Sep£ember  12  ;  searched  and  sor- 
veyed  the  neighbouring  coast ;  left  the  river 
February  16,  and  reached  Melbourne  February 
31,  1862 ;— 1861-2. 

C.  E.  Dempgter  and  A,  DemptUr,  with  their 
companions,  B.  Clarkson,  C.  Harper,  and  a 
native,  made  an  exploration  from  the  settled 
districts  of  W.A.,  as  far  as  Mount  Komedy. 
Discovered  an  extensive  chain  of  lakes,  and 
heard  from  the  blacks  of  three  white  men  who 
had  perished.  These  were  surmised  to  be  of 
Leichnardt's  party.  Another  i>arty,  composed 
of  C.  and  W.  and  A.  Dempeter,and  Maxwell 
and  Lamock,  made  an  expedition  to  the  S.E., 
setting  out  from  Northam,  thence  to  Port 
Malcolm,  and  thence  northward  to  the  interior, 
which  was  found  barren  country,  1861-3. 

Frank  T,  Cfregorff,  Expedition  to  De  Witts 
Land.  Party  :  J.  Turner,  assistant,  £.  Brock- 
man,  W.  8.  Hall,  J.  M 'Court,  A.  James,  J. 
Harding,  M.  Brown,  and  P.  Walcott.  They 
left  Freemantle  in  the  "Dolphin"  April  23, 
and  landed  at  Nickol  Bay.  Discovered  and 
named  the  MaitUmd  River,  the  Fortescue  River, 
Hammersley  Range,  Chichester  Downs,  Harding 
River,  Samson  and  Bruce  Hills,  Sherlock  River. 
Reached  the  sea  between  Pickard  and  Depach 
islands,  and  thence  to  their  camp  at  Nickol  Bay. 
On  July  30  they  again  set  out ;  discovered  and 
named  the  Yule  River,  the  Strelley  River,  the 
Shaw  River,  the  De  Grey  River,  the  Oakover,  and 
the  Ashburton,  (named  after  Lord  A.,  thePreei- 
dent  of  the  Geofipraphical  Society).  Pearl  oyvter 
beds  were  found  by  the  crew  of  the  "Dolphin**  on 
the  coast  of  Nickol  Bay.  The  party  got  on 
board  that  vessel  OctoMr  21,  ana  returned  to 
Freemantle,  1861. 

DalrympU^s  second  Journey.  Traced  an  open- 
ing from  the  Valley  of  Lagoons  to  Rockingham 
Bay,  Queensland,  1862. 

Thomas  M*Farfane,  of  Western  Australia, 
started  from  Streaky  Bay  in  August,  and  made 
extraordinary  efforts  to  penetrate  the  conntiy 
around  the  great  Australian  Bight,  1863. 

Messrs.  ff.  M,  Le  Froy^  superintendent  of 
convicts,  and  Hobinson,  with  a  party  of  four 
men  equipped  by  Government,  m  May^pene- 
trated  eastward  from  York  to  long.  1^  ^ 
to  the  lake  which  bears  the  leader's  name; 
three  months  in  the  field.  Much  valuable  pas- 
toral and  agricultural  land  was  found,  1863. 


AUSTRALIAN  LAND  EXPLORERS. 


29 


C.  C.  IfwU  and  Ridley.  Explorations  in  the 
<ntter  "Mystery,"  in  April,  May,  and  June, 
along  the  coast,  and  a  land  journey  from  Tien 
Tun  harbour  to  the  De  Grey  River,  1863. 

An  immense  extent  of  countiy  on  all  the 
wen  flowing  into  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria 
taken  np,  1864-6. 

J.  0,  Macdofuddy  made  a  suocessful  journey 
from  the  head  water  of  the  Lynd  River  to  the 
Albert  in  August,  established  the  first  stoi^ 
there,  and  chartered  the  first  vessel  from  Syd- 
nej,  1864. 

Settlement  founded  in  June,  1864,  at  Adam  Bay, 
Aleiander  Land,  B.  T.  Finnis,  first  Govern- 
ment Resident — abandoned  ;  and,  in  1869,  Port 
Banrin  sdected  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Goyder,  Surveyor- 
General,  who  founded  Palmerston.  The  same 
year  in  June,  a  settlement  was  founded  at  Port 
Albany,  Qneensland,  by  Capt.  Cameigie,  in 
EM.S.  "Salamander." 

C.  C.  HwU,  W.  Australia,  with  a  family  of 
four  and  two  natives  and  twenty-three  horses. 
Enloration  east  of  York.  Found  a  fine  tract 
of  Lmd  350  miles  east  of  that  town.  Absent  22 
veeks,  1864. 

MeJitrs.  Jardine,  Cape  York  County,  a  pri- 
Tate  exploration  from  Leichhardt's  track  on  the 
Mitch w  in  1845,  in  a  northern  direction  alone 
the  west  shore  of  the  Gulf  ;  discovered  and 
named  Holroyd  Creek,  Kendal  Creek,  Kinloch 
Creek,  Archur  River,  Coran  River,  Batavia 
RiTer,  Jardine  River,  and  Somerset  Town  at 
Caw  York,  1864-5. 

bitnean  M^IfUyrty  in  lookine  for  country  on 
the  Flinders,  heard  a  report  of  supposed  traces 
of  Leichhardt.  A  Ladies'  Committee  was 
formed  in  Melbourne,  and  £4000  raised  to  send 
Mlntyre  in  search.  Party  consisted  of  leader's 
brother,  five  others  and  an  Afghan  in  charge  of 
the  camels,  lent  by  the  Victorian  Government. 
The  notorious  Dr.  J.  P.  Murray  (of  the  "Carl" 
case),  was  surgeon.  His  misconduct  was  the 
principal  cause  of  this  expedition  proving  a 
shamenil  failure.  The  traces  were  no  doubt 
those  of  Luidsborough  and  M  'Kinlay.  M  'Intyre 
aabsequently  got  across  to  the  Gulf  and  died 
there.    1865. 

Ddisaer  and  ffardwicke,  started  from  dona, 
the  oQt-station  of  Fowler*s  Bay,  across  the  Kul- 
Ubor  Plain  to  the  edge  of  the  great  Victorian 
desert,  in  latitude  30%  ^865. 

John  Forrest,  West  Australia.  The  native 
tribes  on  the  border  of  the  settled  districts 
baring  reported  supposed  massacre  of  white 
men,  another  Leichnutlt  search  party  was 
equipped  and  sent  from  Perth.  Forrest  pene- 
tiated  250  miles  to  the  east  of  former  expedition, 
named  Lake  Barlee,  Mount  Alfred,  Mount 
Alexander,  Mount  Malcolm,  Mount  Leonora, 
Mount  Floro,  Mount  Margaret,  and  Mount 
Weld,  1869-70. 

John  Forrest* 9  second  journey.  On  his  return 
Forrest  was  equipped  for  a  journey  to  Adelaide, 
the  Government  oeing  desirous  of  learning  some- 
thing of  the  country  through  which  the  tele- 
Kraph  wire  was  to  pass.  He  started  with  his 
brother  Alexander  and  five  others,  on  the  30th 


March,  and  travelled  nearly  over  Eyre's  tracks. 
On  2nd  July  they  arrived  at  Eucla,  and  in 
August  reached  Adelaide,  where  they  received 
a  cordial  welcome.  The  party  were  never  30 
miles  inland,  and  had  a  little  vessel  coasting 
the  route,  1869-70. 

Ernest  QUes,  Between  the  years  1872-1876 
Mr.  Giles  made  five  expeditions  west  of  the 
Telegraph  line.  The  first  party,  equipped  at 
the  expense  of  Baron  von  Mueller  and  him- 
self, consisted  of  Mr.  Carmichael  and  A. 
Robinson,  with  15  horses.  They  started  from 
the  Telegraph  Line  in  August,  1872,  reached 
"Chambers^  Pillar,"  and  departing  thence 
travelled  40  miles  through  Glen  Edith  to 
Gill's  Range,  a  fine  pastoral  country.  Lake 
Amadous  (named  after  the  King  of  Spain)  pre- 
vented Giles  reaching  Mount  Olea.  After  being 
three  months  in  the  field,  and  ex^oring  250  miles 
of  new  country,  Giles  returned.  Places  named 
on  this  expedition  :  Chandler's  Range,  M'Minn 
Creek,  Phulip  Creek,  the  Glen  of  Palms,  EUery's 
Creek  (after  the  Government  Astronomer,  Vic- 
toria), Todd  Glen  (after  Mr.  Todd,  C.M.G.,  the 
Postmaster-General,  South  Australia),  Krich- 
auff  Range  (after  the  Hon.  F.  K.,  of  Adelaide), 
Rudall  Creek  (Dr.  R,  of  Melbourne),  Goese's 
Ranse  (after  a  brother  explorer),  Carmichael 
Creek,  Haast's  Bluff  (after  Dr.  Von  H.,  Govern- 
ment Geol^st,  N.  Zealand),  Mount  Musgrave 
(after  the  Gov.  of  S.A.),  the  Leibig  Mountains 
(after  Baron  Von  L. ),  Gardiner's  Range,  Mount 
Peculiar,  Khrenberg  Ranse  (Professor  £.,  of 
Berlin),  The  Tarn  of  Auber,  Vale  of  Tempo, 
M'Nicol's  Range,  Worril's  Pass,  Johnny's  Creek 
(after  J.  M'CiOloch,  of  GottUeb- Wells),  King's 
Creek,  Carmichael's  Crag,  Penny's  Creek  (after 
Mr.  P.,  of  Yorke's  Peninsula),  Stokes  Creek 
(after  F.  S.,  of  Coonatto),  Bagott's  Creek  (after 
J.  B.,  of  the  Peake),  Trickett's  Creek,  Gill's 
Range  (after  his  brother-in-law,  G.  D.  G.,  of 
Melbourne),  Mount  Levi  (after  P.  L.,  of  Ade- 
laide), Petermann's  Creek  (after  the  celebrated 
geosrapher  of  Gotha),  Middleloni  Pass  (after  A. 
D.  M.,  of  Mena-Marty),  Rogers  Pass  (after 
Murray  R.,  of  the  Darlins),  Mounts  Reginald 
and  A&red  (after  sons  of  Major  Campbell),  Sey- 
mour Range  (after  Robt.  S.,  a  brother  explorer). 
Mount  Pnm  (after  E.  P.,  of  the  Darling),  Mount 
Omerod,  Peddle's  Pondis  (after  J.  G.  A.  P.,  of 
the  Darling),  Bacon's  Ran^  (after  Harley  B., 
of  the  Telegraph  Line),  Briscoe's  Ponds  (after 
H.  H.  B.,  of  the  Darling),  Mount  Sonder  (after 
Dr.  W.  O.  S.,  of  Hamburg),  Mount  Zeil  (after 
Count  Z.),  Mount  Heuglin  (after  Baron  von  H.) 
Giles  and  his  party  returned  to  the  Telegraph 
line  at  the  Finke  and  Hugh  Junction,  on  21st 
November,  1872.  His  second  expedition  con- 
sisted of  W.  H.  Tietkans,  A.  Gibson,  and 
J.  Andrews,  with  24  horses.  The  funds  were 
mostly  found  by  Victorian  subscriptions.  They 
left  ue  Telegraph  line  at  the  junction  of  the 
Stevenson  ana  Aiberga  Creeks,  on  Aug.  4,  1873. 
On  this  expedition  Giles  penetrated  700  miles,  dis- 
covered four  distinct  ranges,  seven  mountains, 
and  extensive  pastoral  country,  since  occupied. 
They  were  nearly  12  months  in  the  field,  1873. 


.90 


AUBTRAUAN  LAND  EXPLORESS. 


Plaoes  named  :  AnthooyNi  BjmAe  (after  the 
Governor,  Muagrave),  the  KxiaunS  Bange, 
Mount  Sir  Heniy  and  Ayeie  Baofle  (Sir  SL, 
Ayers,  K.C.M.G.),  Mount  Baxrow  <uie  Hem.  J. 
B.),  Mount  Beynolds  (the  Hon.  T.  R.),  Mount 
Cavenagh  (the  Hon.  W.  C.)>  Bverard  Bange  (the 
Hon.  W.  £.),  Tietkens  Greek  (after  the  second 
in  command),  Mount  Ferdinand  (Baron  Ton 
Mueller),  Mount  Winter  ( Jaa.  W. ,  of  Ruahwoith), 
Mount  Officer  (S.  H.  O.,  of  Victoria),  Currie 
Greek  (J.  G.,  of  St.  Kilda),  Levinger  Greek  (B. 
L.,  of  Melbourne),  WinterGreek  (after  S.  P.  W., 
of  Newindale),  Mount  Davenport  (alter  Hon.  S. 
B.,  of  Adelaide),  Moffat's  Greek  (after  R.  M.,  of 
Bavenswood),  Glen  Watson  (J.  B.  W.,  of  Sand- 
hurst), Bowen  Range  (Gov.  of  Victoria),  Fraaer'e 
W^ells(W.  F.,ofWagga).  On  the  4th  September 
they  cut  the  dry  track  of  CkMse's  Gkrvemment 
Expedition,  which  altered  the  {dans  and  ooum 
of  Giles.  Ghristy  Bagott's  Gieek,  Wilson  Lake 
(Sir  S.  W.,  of  Honham),  Hector's  Pass  (nephew 
of  do.),  Stevenson's  Greek  (Geo.  S.,  of  Melb.), 
Hogarth's  W^ells  (Hon.  T.  H.,  of  Smithfield), 
Glen  Osborne  (S.  O.,  of  £3steniwick).  Mount 
Scott  (A.  S.,  of  JoUmont),  Sladen  Water  (Sir  G. 
S.,  G.M.G.,  of  Victoria),  Glen  Gumming  (Hon. 
J.  G.,  of  Melbourne),  Mount  Roasel  (Hon.  Phillip 
R,  of  Melbourne),  Glen  Gerald,  Glen  Fielder, 
Mount  Barlee  (after  Golonial  Sec. ,  W. A. ),  Mount 
But^eld,  Ba^dmson  Bange  (Sir.  H.  K.,  Presi- 
dent R.G.S.,  London),  Gamarvon  Range  (after 
the  Secretary  of  State),  Mount  Saraood  (Hon. 
F.  S.,  of  Melbourne),  Docker  Greek,  Livingstone 
Pass,  Mount  Skene  (Hon.  W.  S.,  of  Victoria), 
M'Bain  Sprinffs  (James  M*B.,  of  Toorak)  Hull 
Greek,  Gurdie  s  Range,  Blood's  Range,  Ghim- 
side  Greek,  Shaw  Greek,  Glen  Robertson  (G.  R., 
of  Gasterton),  Alfred  and  Marie  Range  (the  Duke 
and  Duchess  of  Edinburgh),  Gibson's  Desert 
(where  one  of  the  party  met  with  his  death). 
Mount  Forrest  (after  J.  F.,  the  explorer). — ^1876. 
Giles  was  again  fitted  out,  this  time  by  Sir 
Thomas  Elder,  the  w^  known  patron  of  ex- 
ploration, who  supplied  him  with  19  camels  and 
provision  for  18  months.  They  started  from 
Youklah  27th  Julv,  1875.  The  party  consistad 
of  Mr.  Tietkens,  Mr.  Young,  A.  Ross,  P.  Nicholls, 
Saleh  (an  Afghan),  and  a  black  boy.  This  re- 
markable journey  carried  them  through  desert 
after  desert  for  some  1500  miles.  One  stretch  of 
325  miles  from  water  to  water  occupied  17  days 
in  the  travelling,  and  the  little  bana  were  saved 
by  a  spring  in  the  Great  Victoria  Desert,  600 
nules  from  the  W.  Aust.  settlement,  which  they 
reached  4th  November,  1875.  Departing  from 
Perth  13th  January,  1876,  Giles  pushed  north 
and  struck  the  Ashburton,  thence  passing  thorugh 
150  miles  of  desert  towards  the  Rawlinson  Range. 
On  August  23,  they  reached  the  Peak  Telegraph 
station,  and  subsequently  Adelaide. 

The  great  overhmd  telegraph  running  over 
the  tracks  of  J.  M'D.  Stuart  from  Adelaide 
to  Port  Darwin,  was  on  22nd  October  plaoed  in 
connection  with  the  cable  laid  by  the  British- 
Australian  Gompany  between  Java  and  that 
place.  The  distance  from  Port  Darwin  to  Ade- 
laide is  1,973  miles.    The  cost  of  the  overland 


telegraph  line  was  £370,000.  The  fint  mesBige 
through  from  Fingland  came  to  M<«sis.  M'Ewan 
and  &.,  of  Melbourne.  The  cable  end  anivod 
at  Port  Darwin  in  October,  and  the  shore  end 
was  laid  on  7th  November.  The  ehq«  em- 
pl^ed  were  the  "  Edinburgh."  2800  tona,  the 
"  Hibemia,"  3100  tons,  and  the  "  Investigstor,'' 
600  tons.  Gaptain  Halpin  was  in  oommand.  1S72. 

Ooiomel  Peter  EgerUm  WarburUm,  from  Oeatnd 
Australia  to  the  West  Goast ;  equipped  by  Sir 
Thomas  Elder  and  Ga^^kain  Hughes,  of  Ade- 
laide; started  from  Alice  Springs,  April  \^ 
Part^  :  R.  Warbnrton  (son  of  the  toader),  J.  W. 
Lewis,  D.  White,  two  Afghans,  and  a  Usck 
boy;  with  17  eameb  and  six  months'  proviwoM. 
They tnkversed  the  continent  from  tiie  M  'Doimell 
Ranges  to  the  coast  north  of  Nickd  Bay,  ptsi- 
ing  over  800  or  900  miles  of  |miund  never  before 
trodden  by  a  white  man.  When  they  reached 
the  Oakover  the  party  were  utterly  exhausted, 
with  only  a  few  pounds  of  dried  camd  fleahlefi 
They  were  rescued  by  Messrs.  Grant,  Haiper, 
and  Anderson,  of  the  De  Grey  Biver,  the 
furthest  outlying  staiion^Jioldera,  who  sent  the 
wty  down  150  miles  to  BocbouiBe  (Taien 
Tsiu).     1873. 

Jifkn  Forrest,  The  great  Western  Desert 
crossed,  1874.  (.Party  consisted  of  Alexander  For- 
rest, five  whites,  two  aboriginals,  and  21  honei. 
The  party  left  Ghampion  Bay  on  April  1,  and  the 
outlying  stations  on  the  18th.  On  May  4  they 
reacmed  Mount  Hale  on  the  Murchison,  and 
beautifully  grassed  country.  From  the  bead  of 
a  branch  in  lat.  25*  50',  long.  119%  they  pro- 
ceeded to  the  watershed  of  t£e  river.  Passing 
over  undulating  spinifex  desert,  th^  aloidy 
attained  Ions.  127'* ;  thence  to  the  Barrow 
Ranges  and  Giles's  tracks,  the  Gavenagh  Bao^ 
(Giles),  Mount  Gooper  (GkMse),  Tomkissoa 
Ranges,  Lungdey*s  Gully,  Muagrave  Baoges, 
and  on  to  the  Albei^ga,  which  they  traced  dovn, 
and  reached  the  Peake  telegrsnh  station,  Sept 
30.  The  horses  knooking  up,  they  had  to  walk 
turn  about  nearly  2000  nules.  The  Tomkinaoo, 
Mann,  and  Mnsgrave  Ranges  were  beautifully 
^pnaaed.  For  600  miles  in  one  jKirtion  of  the 
journey  they  travelled  through  nothing  but  a 
spinefex  desert.] 

WilUam  C.  Oosae,  South  Australia  Qovsn* 
meat  Expedition,  1874.  [An  expedition  almMi 
simultaneous  with  that  of  Golonel  Warburton ; 
accompanied  by  three  yAdte  men  (Mr.  £.  Berry, 
the  leader's  brother,  and  another),  three  Afghans 
and  a  black  boy,  with  a  cart  and  hones.  Started 
from  Alice  Springs;  ejmlored  60,000  sqoaie 
miles  of  territory  of  whicn  previonsly  nothing 
had  been  known  to  the  west,  across  the  Weat 
Australian  boundary.  We  discovered  and 
named  Ayer's  Rock,  a  remarkable  high  mass  of 
granite,  11(K)  feet  higher  than  the  surroimding 
country,  and  in  extent  two  miles  east  and  west, 
rising  abniptly  from  the  plain.  It  contains 
caves  with  many  remarkaule  drawings.  The 
eamedition  peneteted  600  miles  west  of  the 
telegraph  Ime,  over  country  which  no  other 
white  man  had  seen.  The  furthest  point  west 
reached  was  26**  21'  S.,  126"  5&  £.] 


AXJSTRAUAN  NAVIGATORS. 


31 


/.  W.  Leuu  and  W,  Bermjwrd.  The  lender 
Ud  prored  himself  an  exceUent  explorer  when 
1  membOT  of  Warbnrton's  party.  They  were 
Mot  oot  by  Uie  GiOTemment  of  South  Australia, 
to  flurvey  the  country  about  Lake  Bjrre,  and  did 
good  ter^ce  in  correcting  the  maps  of  previous 
eicplonttions  in  that  direction  by  Warburton. 
The  camels  were  lent  by  Sir  Thomas  Elder.  A 
Uock  of  country  200  mUes  across  from  Lake  , 
Hope  to  Eyre  Creek  in  Queensland,  and  about 
2X)  milea  bnnd,  stretching  from  the  telegraph 
fine  to  Sturt's  Stony  Desert,  was  examined, 
1875. 

QiibtH  M*Mmn  and  A.  W.  Sergiton.  South 
AostnHan  Government,  1876.  [A  party  sent  to 
■nertain  the  course  of  the  Katherine  River, 
vhicfa  they  followed  down  into  fine  country. 
Tliey  then  made  for  Mount  Hayward,  the  head 
of  the  navigation  of  the  Daly,  amd  traversed  113 
snles  of  splendid  country.  Returning,  they 
made  for  the  head  of  the  Adela«Jte,  and 
deaoended  it  till  it  opened  into  large  i^ins. 
From  thence  they  rode  to  ^  Southport,  where 
they  arrived  November  3.  The  following  jrear 
(1S77)  Mr.  Seigison  and  Mr.  Roderick  ^mvers 
fonned  a  party,  and  explored  the  country  about 
the  Daly  and  Fitimaunoe  Rivers.  They  found 
5,000,000  acres  of  the  finest  pastoral  land  on 
Boe  Downs.] 

Bom  and  Harvey,  South  Australia.  From 
Koont  Orisie,  on  the  Stevenson,  through  Char- 
lotte Waters  to  the  Todd  River.  Followed  up 
the  Wute  River,  which  was  the  limit  of 
exploratian  in  ^is  direction,  1877. 

AUSTRALIAN  NAVIGATORS. 

[Australia  was  practically  discovered  b^  Lieut. 
James  Cook  in  1770.  In  a  work  of  this  oom- 
pendions  character,  therefore,  the  following 
orief  reference  to  the  earlier  navigators  of 
Avstralanan  seas  must  suffice.] 

The  learned  researches  of  Mr.  R.  H.  Major, 
of  the  British  Museum,  on  the  subject  are  well 
knoim.  He  awards  the  priority  of  discovery  to 
GuOanme  Le  Testu,  a  Provencal  pilot,  bom  st 
OiasBe.  A  map  indicating  Australia,  bearing 
the  date  of  1542  and  his  name,  is  now  in  the 
Depdt  de  la  Guerre  at  Paris.  The  claims  of 
De  Gonnville,  of  Honfleur,  1603 ;  Magalham, 
the  First  Circumnavigator,  1520;  tiie  Portu- 
soeae,  in  1540;  and  the  Spaniard  Manoel 
Godinho  de  Eredia»  1601,  are  doubtful 

The  voyage  of  Bon  Jorge  de  Meneses,  from 
MsUcca  to  the  Moluccas,  in  1526 ;  of  Alvarez 
Mendaoa,  in  1505,  to  the  Marquesas;  of  Alvarez 
de  Saavedra,  in  1526,  and  Ruv  Lopez  de  Villa- 
k>bo8,  in  15^,  and  James  le  Buuve  and  William 
Schouten,  in  1616,  to  the  coast  of  New  Guinea, 
(fbpua),  may  all  be  said  to  have  been  in  search 
of  the  Great  South  Land. 

The  Dutch  yacht  **  Duvfhen,"  (the  Dove)  from 
Bantam,  commander  unknown,  sailed  along  the 
cast  coast  of  Carpentaria  as  far  as  Gape  Keer- 
veer  (Turn  again),  1605. 

Ptdro  Fermcmdiak  de  Yui$08  and  Lm8  Vaes  de 
Terret.  Diaoovery  of  Straits  known  by  name 
of  the  latter,  1006. 


Theodorie  Htrtogt  or  JSaUehs,  commonly 
called  Dirk  Hartog,  in  the  "  Endra^t,"  whence 
the  coast  is  now^known,  to  Sharic's  Bay,  Wes- 
tern Australia,  left  a  record  on  a  tin  plate,  1616. 
[i^  Veamingh.] 

Captain  ^eadiem,  diseoverer  of  Amhem's 
Land  (doubtful),  16ia 

John  Van  Edels,  on  the  west  coast,  named 
after  him,  1619. 

The  '*  Landt  Van  de  Laeuwin,"  or  "  Land  of 
Lions,"  the  south-west  cape  of  Australia, 
named  from  the  vessel,  1622. 

Jan  Car$ten«,  from  Amboyna,  in  the  "Peera" 
and  "  Amhem,"  north-west  coast,  1623. 

Pie^  Nuytz,  in  (he  "Guide  Zeepard,"  "out- 
ward bound  from  Fatherland  for  the  space  of 
1,000  miles/'  western  and  southern  coasts,  1627. 

WUkm  de  Witt  (of  the  "Vianen"),  north- 
west coast ;  named  after  him,  1628. 

Francis  PeUart,  in  the  "Batavia"  frigate 
lost  on  Houtman's  Abrolhos,  1629. 

Pieter  Carpenter^  with  a  squadron,  discovered 
the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  1628. 

Oerrit  T<muaz  Pwtl^  in  the  "Amsterdam" 
and  "  Wezel,"  from  Banda ;  coasts  of  New 
Guinea  and  Arnhsm's  Land,  1696. 

A  bel  Jangen  Taaman.  The  "  H2q>py  Voyage" 
in  the  "  Heemakii^L"  and  "  Zeehaan,^'  the  latter 
commanded  by  Gerritt  Jansan,  sailed  from 
Etetavia  August  14,  1642 ;  discovered  Van 
Diemen's  Land  November  24 ;  anchored  in 
Fredrick  Hendrik*s  Bay  (now  Prince  of  Wales 
Bay),  on  December  1,  and  took  possession  for 
Holland.  Sailing  hence,  on  December  9,  Tas- 
man  discovered  New  Zeidand.  1642. 

Tcuman^  in  a  second  voyage,  surveyed  in  the 
"  Limmen,"  the  "  Reemeaw,"  and  the  "  Biak," 
several  thousand  miles  of  the  north  and  north- 
west coasts  (Carpentaria),  1644.  [No  jour- 
nal exists,  but  his  chart  was  published  and  his 
track  "  depicted**  in  1648,  on  the  floor  of  the 
Stadthouse  at  Amsterdam.  Tasman  bom  at 
Hoovu,  in  New  Holland,  about  1600.  Subae- 
quent  career  to  date  of  death  unknown.] 

New  Holland,  the  name  by  which  Australia 
henceforth  known. 

The  "  Versulde  Draeck,"  from  Batavia,  lost 
on  the  Abromos,  1656. 

William  Dempier,  in  the  "Bachelor*s  De- 
light," and  "  Cygnet,"  on  a  voyage  round  the 
world  (whidi  lasted  eight  years),  along  with  his 
buccaneer  oonuades,  mis^e  the  north-west  coast 
at  Roebuck  Bayon  Januarv4, 1688;  left  the  coast 
February  12th.  Dampier  bom  in  Somersetshire, 
in  1652.    Date  of  death  unknown. 

WiUem  de  VlamiHgh,  in  the  "Geelvink,*' 
"Nvptang,"  and  "  Wezel"  sailed  from  Hol- 
land m  search  of  the  Dutch  ship  "Ridderschap," 
bought  to  have  been  lost  on  the  Abrolhos. 
Sifted  land  near  Swan  River  25th  December ; 
landed  on  main  5th  January ;  named  place  from 
the  black  swans  now  first  seen ;  sailed  north 
and  found  the  record  left  by  Hertoge ;  added 
another  zeoord  on  a  tin  plate  ;  both  found  by 
Baudin  in  1003;  Grey,  in  1638,  could  find 
neither,  1696. 


32 


AUSTRALIAN  NAVIGATORa 


WiUiam  Dawpier,  m  the  "  Roebnck,"  Bailed 
from  Enffland  to  explore  the  north-west  coast  of 
New  Holland  14th  Janoaiy ;  anchored  in  Shark's 
Bay  6th  Julv  ;  coasting  tiU  30th  without  finding 
a  landing-place ;  visited  the  archipelago  that 
bears  his  name  ;  left  the  coast  in  September, 
1699.  [Dampier  was,  with  Woodes  Kodgers, 
again  in  these  seas,  1710.] 

Three  Dutch  ships  from  Timor  explored  north- 
west coast,  then  called  Van  Diemen*s  Land, 
1705. 

Commodore  Boggewein,  fitted  out  from  Hol- 
land, discovered  "the  Thousand  Islands."  1721. 

The  "Zeewyck"  lost  on  the  Abrolhoe ;  the  crew 
escaped  to  Batavia  in  a  boat  built  from  the 
wreck,  1727.  [Stokes  found  a  gun  and  some 
other  relics  on  an  island  1839.] 

Captain  Carttrat  at  Santa  Cruz,  New  Britain, 
and  New  Zealand.  1767. 

Af,  de  Bougainville,  the  Louisiade  archi- 
pelago, 1768. 

Captain  de  SurviUe  in  the  "St.  Jean  Bap- 
tiste,"  32  guns,  from  Pondicherry,  cast  anchor 
in  Doubtless  Bay,  New  Zealand,  16th  December, 
at  the  very  time  Cook  in  his  first  voyage  was 
quitting  that  place.  They  saw  nothing  of  each 
other.  1769.  [De  SurviUe  made  some  discoveries 
in  the  "  Argacides"  on  his  voyage  to  Callao.  He 
was  drown^  going  ashore  there.] 

CapL  James  Cook.  The  Australian  Continent, 
for  all  practical  purposes,  first  discovered 
by  Lieut.  Cook  wnen  engaged  on  his  first 
voyaffe  round  the  worl£  His  ship,  the 
"Endeavour,"  370  tons,  sailed  from  Ply- 
mouth, August  26,  176iB,  came  on  to  the 
Australian  coast,  April  19,  1770,  at  a  point  now 
within  the  colony  of  Victoria,  in  latitude  38^  S., 
longitude  24**  T  E.,  now  identified  with  Cape 
Conran.  Land  first  seen  by  Lieutenant  Zachary 
Hicks,  after  whom  it  was  named.  Sailing  north. 
Cook  passed  and  named  Ram  Head,  Cape 
Howe,  Mount  Dromedary,  Port  Upright, 
Bateman's  Bay,  The  Pigeon  House,  Cape  St. 
George,  Long  Nose  and  Ked  Points.  April  28, 
reached,  named,  and  anchored  in  Botany  Bay  ; 
here  on  May  1  was  buried  a  seaman  named 
Forbv  Sutherland,  the  first  white  man  buried 
in  Australia^  May  6,  pissed  an  opening 
which  he  named  "Port  Jackson,"  after  Sir 
(George  Jackson,  one  of  the  Admiralty  Secre- 
taries. Ranged  alon^  the  coast,  naming  Broken 
Bay,  Cape  Three  Pomts,  Cape  Hawke,  Smoky 
Cape,  Cape  Byron,  Mount  Warning,  Point 
Danger,  Point  Look-out,  Moroton  £ty,  The 
Glass  Houses,  Double-Island  Point*  Indian 
Head,  Sandy  Cape,  Break-Sea  Spit,  Hervey's 
Bay,  Cape  Capricorn,  Cape  Mamfold,  Keppel 
Bay  and  Islands,  Cape  Townshend,  Thirsty 
Sound,  Cape  Palmerston,  The  Bay  of  Inlets, 
Cape  Conway,  Repulse  Bay,  Whitsunday  Pas- 
sage, Cumberland  Islands,  Cape  Gloucester, 
Holbome  Isle,  Edgecumbe  Bav,  Cape  Upstart, 
Cleveland  Bay,  Magnetical  Ide,  Halifax  Bay, 
Cape  Sandwich,  Rockingham  Bay,  Dunk  Isle, 
Frankland's  Isles,  Cape  Grafton,  Green  Island, 
and  Trinity  Bay.  June  10,  near  Cape  Tribu- 
lation,   the   "Endeavour"  strudL  on  a  coral 


reef,  but  with  great  exertion  was  got  off  on  the 
12th,  and  on  the  17th  got  to  an  anchor  in 
Endeavour  River.  Here  they  repaired  the 
vessel,  and  saw  the  first  kangaroo.  Aogust  4, 
sailed  again.  Named  Cape  Bedford,  Cape 
Flattery,  Lizard  Island,  Eagle  Island,  DuectioD 
Isluid,  Providential  Channel,  Cape  Weymouth, 
Forbes  Islands,  Bolt  Head,  Cape  Grenville, 
Temple  Bay,  Sir  Charles  Hardy's  Isles,  and 
Cockoum  Isles.  August  21,  Cook  reached  Cape 
York,  the  northern  promontory  of  the  con- 
tinent, and  at  Possession  Island  hoisted  the 
British  colours,  and  claimed  the  whole  of  the 
coast  he  had  traced  for  Kinff  Geoige  lU,  under 
the  name  of  New  South  Wales.    Thence  he 

Proceeded  on  his  scientific  voyage  to  the  North 
'acific.  In  this  vovage  Cook  tested  the 
chronometer  made  by  Kendall  upon  Harrison's 
description,  and  Cook*s  favourable  report  pro- 
cured to  Harrison  the  additional  £10,000  voted 
bv  Parliament.  The  "  Endeavour  "  returned  to 
faigland,  July  13,  1771.  In  his  third  voyage 
he  was  killed  by  the  natives  of  Owhynee, 
February  14,  1779.  [A  magnificent  statne,  the 
work  of  Woolner,  has  been  erected  to  the  great 
navigator  in  Hyde  Park,  Sydney,  at  a  cost  of 
£4,000.  The  foundation-stone  was  laid  by 
H.KH.  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  on  March  27, 
1869.  The  statue  was  unveiled  Febniaiy  2o, 
1879,  by  His  Excellency  Sir  Heroules  Robinaon, 
Governor  of  New  South  Wales.  Cook  was  bora 
at  Marton,  in  Yorkshire,  on  October  27,  17*28. 
The  names  of  his  officers  and  colleagues  in  the 
famous  voyage  of  the  "Endeavour"  were— 
First  lieutenant,  Zachanr  Hicks ;  second  do., 
John  Gore  ;  master,  Robert  Molineaux  ;  mate, 
Charles  Clerke;  boatswain,  John  Gathiay; 
gunner,  Stephen  Forward;  caipeuter,  John 
Slatterley;  suraeon,  Wm.  R  Munkhoiue; 
clerk,  Richard  OtUhl  The  scientific  staff  con- 
sisted of  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir)  Joseph  Banks, 
then  President  of  the  Royal  Society :  Charles 
Green,  assistant  to  the  Astronomer-Royal  at 
Greenwich ;  Dr.  Solander,  Swedish  botanist, 
one  of  the  librarians  of  the  British  Museum; 
and  Messrs.  Buchanan  and  Parkinson,  draughts- 
men for  natural  history  and  landscape.  The 
following  changes  took  place  during  the 
course  of  the  voyage  : — 

Not.  6,  Wm.  Perry,  siuveon,  in  the  room  of  W.  & 

Monkhouse,  died  November  5, 1770,  at  Batavia. 
Feb.   5,  Saml.  Evaiis,  boatswain,  in  the  room  of  John 

Gathray,  died  February  4, 1771. 
Feb.  18,  OeoiveNowdl,  carpentu*,  in  the  room  of' 

John  Slatterley,  died  Febmanr  12, 1771. 
April    16.    Richard    Pickensill.    master,    in   the 

room  of  Robert  Molineux,  died  April  IS,  1771. 
May   26,  John  Gore,  second   lieutenant,   in  the 

room  of  Zschaiiah  Hicks,  died  May  25, 1771. 
May  26,  Cbarlee  Clerke,  third   lieutenant,  hi  the 

room  of  John  Gore,  appointed  second  lieatenant  , 

-  1770.1 

M,  De  St,  Alouam,  anchored  near  C«pe 
Leeuwin,  1772. 

Captain  Marion  du  Fresne,  in  the  "Msb- 
carin  and  Castres  "  (Captain  Croset),  from 
Nance,  the  first  visitor  to  Tasmania  since  Tas- 
man  ;  spent  six  days  in  Fredrick  Hendrik  Bay, 
March  4 ;  thence  to  New  Zealand,  where  he 


AUSTRALIAN  NAVIGATORS. 


33 


md  26  others  were  imusacred  by  the  Maories. 
"They treated  us,"  says  Oozet,  "with  every 
kind  of  friendihip  for  33  days,  with  the  inten- 
tioo  of  eating  us  on  the  34th."  The  Maori 
Tcnion,  given  by  Dr.  Thomson,  is,  "We  treated 
Marion's  party  with  every  kindness  for  30  days, 
and  on  the  Slst  they  put  two  of  our  chiefs  in 
irons  and  burned  our  sacred  pUces :"    1772. 

Cw:k'9  second  voyage  in  the  "  Resolution  " 
and  "Adventure"  (Captain  Fumeaux,  who  had 
been  second  lieutenant  with  Wallis)  left  Ply- 
mooth  July  15,  1772;  searched  for  southern 
continent ;  visited  Dusky  Bay  (New  Zealand), 
Resolntion  Island,  Doubtful  Island,  Tongataboo, 
OyteUck,  South  Seo,  Easter  Island,  Marquesu, 
Society  Islands,  New  Hebrides ;  discovered  New 
Caledonia ;  discovered  Norfolk  Island ;  corrected 
liu  former  position  of  New  Zealand,  Tierra  del 
Fq^,  Georgia,  Fernando,  Novembe,  Azore^  ; 
amred  in  England,  July  30,  1775.  He  lost  but 
one  man  from  sickness  in  a  voyase  of  3  years 
aod  18  days,  and  in  a  navigation  that  extended 
throQgh  aU  cUmates  from  52*  N.  to  71'  S.  On 
tliis  Tojage  he  had  four  chronometers.  The 
officers  were  Messrs.  Wales  and  Bayley, 
astronomers;  John  Reinhold  Forster,  and  his 
^,  and  Dr.  Sparreman  (a  Swede),  naturalists ; 
3s  artist,  and  a  draughtsman. 

Captain  Tobias  Furneavx,  the  "Adventure." 
['Niparated  from  Cook,  who  had  gone  south 
towards  the  Pole.]  On  coasts  of  Tasmania. 
(rave  it  as  his  opinion  that  Tasmania  and  New 
•*^th  Wales  were  joined,  with  a  deep  bay 
intervening,  which  opinion,  when  he  met  Cook, 
'■as  deem^  sufficient  to  prevent  a  further  ex- 
wiination  by  Cook  himself.  [Sw  Flindehs.] 
Cffofs  third  voyage  in  the  "Resolution"  and 
•  Discovery"  (Captain  Clerke).  Sailed  frohi  Ply- 
BOQth  July  12,  1776.  [Touched  Mt.  Kergusten's 
^Dd,  Tasmania,  and  New  Zealand  ;  discovered 
Wingee  Island  and  Wateeo,  Friendly  Islands, 
Tahiti,  Bokbola  ;  discovered  Christina's  Island, 
Nandwich  Island  and  Albion  Woolka  Sound ; 
^oast  to  Oonalashka  and  thence  to  northward  ; 
0)art  north ;  discovered  Owhyhee  (Hawaii), 
^bere  he  was  killed  (Bay  of  Karakokooa), 
Ffcbniary  14,  1779.  There  were  killed  at  the 
snie  time  Corporal  Thomas  of  the  marines, 
^eophilus  Hinkq,  John  Allan  and  Thomas 
Habchatt,  it  lieutenant,  a  sergeant  and  other. 
*»men  were  wounded.  Captain  Clerke  to  Kam- 
chatka in  search  of  N.  W.Passagedied.  Captains 
^^re  and  King  brought  the  ship  home,  October 
i  1760.  Mr.  Anderson,  who  had  been  sergeant 
«tjbe  '* Resolution,"  was  the  naturalist.] 

Captain  Forrest  of  the  East  India  Company's 

^<^ce,  in  a  vessel  of  10  tons,  on  the  coasts  of 

^ew  Guinea,  1776. 

^  Francis  Anthony  Maurdle,  do.  1781. 

OoremorPkUlip  arrived  at  Botany  Bay  with  the 

"FiretFleet"Jan.  3.    The  British  flag  hoisted  at 

^ydneyCove, Jan.26, 1788.  [/»ce"FiK8T Fleet."] 

Jrnn  Francois  OcUupdelaPerouse  in  the  "Bous- 

»le"  and  "AstroUbe"  (M.  de  Langle)  French 

Jiscovery  ships.     SaUed  from  Brest  August  1, 

1j84.    Touched  at  Madeira,  Teneriffe.  Savages. 

Martin  Vas.   Trinidad.   Searched  for  Ascension 


Island.  St.  Catherine  Island.  Searched  for 
Island  Grande.  R.  Gallej^o.  Patagonia.  Le 
Maire  Shaiti.  Cape  Horn.  Searched  K>r  Drake's 
Island.  Mocha.  Conception.  Easter  Island. 
La  Mesa,  &c.  doubtful.  Sandwich  Islands. 
Mount  St.  Elias.  Port  des  Fran9ais  and  Coast 
to  Monterey.  Isle  Neckar.  Marianas  Bashee 
Islands.  Macao.  Manilla.  Japan  Corea.  Avatska 
Bay.  Navigation  Islands.  Friendly  Islands. 
Tongataboo.  Norfolk  Island.  Pylstaart.  Entered 
Botjmy  Bay  as  Governor  Phillip  with  the  "First 
Fleet  was  departing  to  remove  the  British 
settlement  to  Sydney  Cove,  January  24,  1788. 
The  naturalist  of  the  ''Astrolabe,"  Father  Le 
Receveur,  died  at  Botany,  February  17,  1778. 
La  Perouse  left  Botany  March  10,  1788,  and 
was  lost  at  Manicolo,  New  Hebrides.  His  fate 
unknown  till  Captain  Dillon,  of  the  "Research," 
in  1827  discovered  the  traces  for  which  he  was 
created  Chevalier  by  the  French  Government. 

Lieutenant  Shortland  with  three  ships  from 
Sydney  bound  to  England  passed  through  Bou- 
gainville's Straits,  IISS. 

J,  H.  Cox  in  the  brig  "Mercury"  South  Coast 
of  Tasmania,  now  known  by  his  name  and 
Oyster  Bay,  1789. 

Don  A  Uxandro  Malaspina  in  the ' '  Desoobierta" 
and  *  *  Atrevida  "  (Don  Jose  di  Bustamente)  Spanish 
discovery  ships,  left  Calais  January,  1789. 
Examined  Ck>a!st  of  South  America.  Found  Cape 
Horn.  Juan  Fernandez ;  thence  the  coast  to  the 
su|)posed  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca.  Acapulco. 
Philippines.  Macoa.  Arrived  at  Sydney,  March 
21,  1793,  sailed  April  12.  Friendly  Islands. 
Returned  to  Cadiz,  September,  1794.  [Malas- 
sima  was  imprisoned  on  his  return  and  most  of 
his  observations  were  lost.] 

Captain  George  Vancouver  in  the  "Discovery" 
and  "Chatham"  (Broughton),  explored  110**  of 
the S.  W.  Coast.  Discovered  King Georee's  Sound. 
Broughton  discovered  Chatham  Islands,  1791. 

Captain  William  Bligh  (afterwards  Governor 
of  New  South  Wales)  in  his  memorable  voyage 
in  the  "  Bounty's  "  launch,  passed  Cape  York  m 
his  voyage  to  Copans,  1791. 

Captain  Edward  Edwards  of  H.M.S.  "Pan- 
dora in  search  of  mutineers  of  the  "Bounty," 
Discovered  the  Murray  Islands.  Lost  on  the 
reefs;  reached  Timor  in  his  boats,  1791. 

John  M*Cluar^  Lieutenant  in  the  Bombay 
Marine  in  surveying  the  Coast  of  New  Guinea, 
sailed  along  Ainheim's  Land  to  Cape  Van 
Diemen,  1791. 

Admiral  Brum  D*Entrecast€aux  in  the 
"  Recherch6"  and  "L'Esp6rance"  (Huon  deKer- 
madec)  left  Brest  September  28,  1791,  to  seek  La 
Perouse.  Voyage  to  Moluccas.  New  Caledonia. 
Hammond  Island.  Tesoriere  Island.  Isle  Banca. 
New  Hanover.  Admiralty  Island.  New  Guinea. 
Timor.  Java.  Nujrtz  Land.  Esperance  Bay. 
South  Coast  of  Australia.  Anchored  in  Slovni 
Bay,  called  the  Derwent  "  La  Riviere  du  Nord" 
{S^  Hates).  Tasmania,  April  12.  New  Zealand. 
Tongataboo.  Erronan.  Discovered  Isles  Beaupr^. 
Solomon  Islands.  Dampier's  Strait.  Wagion. 
Cajali,  Sourabaya.  D'Entrecasteaux,  de  Kerma- 
dec,  and  D'Auribeau  having  died  the  journals  were 


34 


AUSTRALIAN  NAYIGATOBS. 


Sublished  by  the  late  Admiral  Roesel.    Labillar* 
iere  was  the  naturalist  of  the  expedition,  1792. 
Captain  William  Bligh  and  Nathan  Pordock 
in  the  "Provident"  and  *' Assistant."    Trans- 

Srt  of  bread-fruit  from  Pacific  Islands  to  West 
dies.     Exploration  of  Tonres  Straits.   Planted 
fruit  and  vegetables  in  Tasmania,  1792. 

William  Bampton  and  Matthew  B.  Alt  in  the 
ships  *'Hormuzeer"  and  '* Chesterfield"  near 
Norfolk  Island  through  Torres  Strait,  1793. 

John  HayeSt  Captam  in  Bombay  Marine  in  the 
**  Duke  "  and  "  Duchess  "  visited  Tasmania  and 
gave  names  to  the  Derwent,  &c.,  which  have  re- 
placed the  names  of  the  first  discoverer,  D*£n- 
treeasteaux,  1794. 

Matthew  Flinders  and  George  Bass,  with  a 
boy,  in  a  boat  8  feet  long,  called  "  Tom  Thumb," 
in  October,  1795,  traced  the  George  River  20 
miles  further  tiian  previously  known  ;  in  March 
following,  in  same  ooat,  reached  Port  Hacking. 
Betnmed  April  2,  1796. 

Captain  Wilson  in  the  ''Duff"  missionary 
vessel.  Line  Islands,  1797. 

Bass,  in  a  whale  boat,  with  six  hands,  left 
Sydney  ^  December  ;  on  19th,  discovered  Two- 
fold Bay,  and  next  day  rounded  the  Howe,  and 
in  the  evening  landed  near  Bam-  Head.  Could 
not  identify  the  "Point  Hicks"  of  Cook. 
Januarv  3,  1798,  found  some  convicts  who  had 
escaped  from  Sydney,  on  an  island  near  Pro- 
montory. On  4th  reached,  and  until  18th, 
explored  Western  Port.  On  return,  rounded 
Promontory  26th.  On  24  February,  this  re- 
markable exploration  of  600  miles  of  coast  line 
ended  by  arrival  in  Sydney,  1798. 

FUmdtrSt  in  the  "  Francis,"  to  the  wreck  of  the 
"Sydney  Cove"  in  the  Straits,  February  1, 179a 

FUntUrs  and  Baas,  in  the  "  Norfolk,"  a  little 
sloop  of  25  tons,  built  at  Norfolk  Island,  sailed 
from  Sydney  7  October.  Circumnavigated  Tas- 
mania. Discovered  the  Tamar  River.  Returned 
to  Sydney  January  11,1 799.  Baas  Strait  named 
by  Governor  Hunter  after  this  voyage,  1799. 

Flinders,  in  the  "  Norfolk,"  sent  by  Governor 
Hunter  to  explore  the  coast  northward,  sailed 
8  July ;  on  15th  cleared  Point  Danger,  and 
entered  Moreton  and  Glasshouse  Bi^s.  Conflict 
with  the  natives  at  Point  Skirmish.  Ascended 
Pumice  Stone  River,  Went  on  to  Hervey  Bay, 
1799.  [The  inlet  he  entered,  Shoal  Bay,  was 
afterwards  found  to  be  the  mouth  of  the  Churence.] 

James  Orant,  Lieutenant  in  the  "  Lady 
Nelson,"  60  tons,  tender  to  the  "  Investigator, 
left  Portsmouth  17  March,  arrived  on  Australian 
coast  3  December.  The  first  vessel  to  pass 
through  Bass  Strait.  Named  Cape  Northumber- 
land, Cape  Banks,  Schanks  and  Gambier 
Mounts,  Cape  Bridgewater,  Cape  Nelson,  Cape 
Solicitor  (Sir  WiUi^  Grant's  Cape),  Lawrence 
Islands,  Lady  Julien  Peircy  Islands,  Cape 
Albany  Ottway,  Cape  Patten,  Portland  Bay, 
Cape  Danger,  Wight  Land,  Foveruax  King's 
Bay,  Cape  Liptrap,  South  Cape  (Prcmiontory), 
King  George's  Sound  (between  Liptrap  and 
Promontory),  Sir  Roger  Curtis  Island,  Rodondo, 
The  Devil's  Tower  and  Moncur  Island,  The  Hole 
in  the  Wall,  The  Glenine  Island.    Here  Grant's 


discoveries  joined  those  of  FUnders.  The  "Lady 
Nelson,"  caUed  "His  Majesty's  Tinder-box," 
arrived  in  Sydney  16  December.  The  aecood 
ship  through  Bass  Strait  was  the  "  Harbinser," 
Captain  Black,  from  the  Cane  of  Good  Hope, 
January  11,  1801,  who  sighted  and  named  King 
Island;  the  S.  part  of  which  was  sighted  by 
Captain  Reid  in  1798.  The  third  ship  thcoo^ 
was  the  **  Margaret,"  Captain  ByeES,  nom  Ei^- 
land,  7  Februaij,  1801. 

Christopher  iHxson,  in  the  diip  "  Elleswxl,'' 
moat  probably  a  whaler,  visited  King  Geoi^& 
Souaid.  A  sheet  of  copper  bearing  these  nameft 
and  the  date  August  "tl,  L80O,  was  found  by 
Flinders,  when  he  came  on  that  part  of  the  coast 
in  November,  1801. 

Jamtn  QroMt,  again  in  "Lady  Nelson,"  to 
explore  Bass  Strait,  sailed  from  Sydney,  S 
March,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Murray,  Ist  mate 
Francis  Barreillter  {Bet  Land  ^O'Lokebs), 
Mr.  Cayley,  botanist,,  and  Mr.  Boven,  2nd  mate. 
Named  Cape  Paterson. ;  entered  W^estern  Port, 
21  March.  Named  Chuixihill  and  Msi^^^aret 
Islands  (Elizabeth) ;  verified  Bass's  exploratiODs. 
Left  Western  Poet  29  April ;  returned  to  Sydney 
14  May,  180L 

John  Murrap^  Lieutenaat,  succeeded  Grant  in 
"Lady  Nelson."  Further  ex^oration  of  the 
Straits,  and  discovery  of  Port  PhiUip.  Left 
Svdney  23  November,  Mr.  Bowen  1st  mate. 
Obervsationa  at  Kent's  Group  and  the  Promon- 
tory Islands.  Entered  Western  Port  6  Decem- 
ber, and  explored  till  January  5,  1802,  when 
they  were  able  to  get  out.  On  the  neighbouring 
coast  until  the  31st,  when  tiie  "  Lady  Nelson  ' 
had  again  to  take  shelter  in  Western  Port,  and 
there  remain  till  15  February.  From  Western 
Port)  on  the  1st  February,  Murray  despa^ed 
Bowen  with  five  men,  in  ti^e  launch,  to  examine 
the  entrance  of  Port  Phillip,  which  they  had 
seen  in  their  cruize.  Bowen  got  in,  and  the 
vessel  was  carried  round  on  February  15  and 
anchored  off  what  is  now  the  quarantine  ground. 
Murray  remained  ia  the  Bay  (which  be  called 
after  the  Governor,  Port  King)  a  month,  and 
returned  to  Sydney  March  2^  1802. 

Captain  Matth&to  Flinders,  in  the  "Investi- 
gator," 334  tons,  accompanied  by  R.  M.  Fowler, 
(afterwards  Admiral)  Ist  Lieutenant ;  S.  W. 
Flinders,  2nd  Lieutenant ;  John  Crossley,  astro- 
nomer; Dr.  B.  Brown,  botanist;  William 
Westall,  AB»A.,  artist;  Ferdinand  Baner, 
natural  history  psinter ;  John  Thistle,  master  ; 
John  Atkin^  2nd  master  ;  Hugh  Bell  and  Boberc 
Purdie,  suzx^eons  ;  midshipmen,  John  Franklin 
(subeequentfy  the  great  Arctic  explorer),  Thoma» 
Evans,  William  Taylor,  Thomas  Bell,  Nathaniel 
Bell,  Kennet  Sinclair,  Sherrard  P.  Laird,  and 
James  Wolsey  :  boatswain,  Charles  Douglas ; 
^nner,  R.  Colpits  ;  carpenter,  R.  Mart ;  Clerk, 
John  Olive.  Total,  88  persons.  Sailed  for  the 
exploration  of  the  coasts  of  Australia,  from  Spit- 
head.  July  11,  1801.  Sighted  Cape  Leeuwin 
December  6.  After  examining  KmgGeoi^es 
Sounds  coasted  the  Great  Bight  to  Fowler's 
Bay,  the  known  limits  of  former  exploration,. 
February  la     Named  Coffin  Bay.   Entered  Port 


AUWrKAMAJS  KAYICtATOSS. 


as 


IjHoln  SMfi.  Next  n¥Miiwwi  Spencw's  Qull 
on  both  aidet.  Altered  InTntiffator  Strait,* 
north  coMt  Kangaroo  Island,  Ghilf  of  St  Yincoit^ 
dinovaed  and  searched*.  Sailed  through  Back- 
atoifi  Paange  April  7.  Next  day  met  with 
GoBBodore  Nicnolae  Baudin,  m  the  "G^o* 
osphe,"  plaoa  now  called  £nooimter  Bar,  lat. 
a5*4<yS.,13r58'E.  Bandin  had  separated  from 
hm^id  cntain  intha  '<  Natoraliste^'  (Hamelin), 
in  a  gik  siter  ezamimng  Tasmania.  Stated  he 
faki  ezplored  the  S.  coast  from  Western  Port  to 
the  pfane  <^  meeting. 

Bttmim  and  HameUn,  Bandin's  explorations 
ateod  only  over  50  leagaea  of  the  coast  line. 
He  had  passed  Port  Phillip  without  notieing 
tbe  entrance^.  The  wrong  sabsequently  at- 
tempted to  be  done  by  the  French  navig^iters, 
niiMcting  the  discoveries  of  Flinders,  is  a  matter 
of  history.  Futing  from  Baudin,  Flinders  pur- 
nal  his  vojrage  to  Sydney.  On.  April  27th, 
Ftiadsn  entered  Pbrt  Phillip,  sorveyed  the 
entrance  channels,  and  the  coast  line  of  the  bay 
oa  both  shores  as  hi|^  up  as  Geelong  Bay  and 
the  opposite  shores,  landmg  both  at  Arthuv^s 
Vbt,  and  waljdnff  to  the  top  of  Station  Peak. 
vheoee  he  saw  Westeni  Fort  and  at  the  head  of 
PtetPhiUipBay.  On  MaySheanrived  at  Sydney, 
mdfi(mBdtlie*'N^turaliste"tiieie.  Onthe20th 
hv  coBsort  the  "  G^egraphe"  arrired. 

Fimden  refitted  and  sailed  from  Sydney  July 
22,  180X  He  discovevsd  Pint  Curtis  and  Pbrt 
Bowen ;  spent  105  d^m  in  expkninc  the  Gulf  of 
Carpentaria  and  Amheim  Bay,  and  proceeding 
tiwnce  to  Timor,  ciretimnavigated  AustraUa/or 
thr  /r«t  time,  and  returned  to  Sydney  June  9, 
1S(^  Here  the  ' '  Investigator  "  was  condemned 
as  anseaworthy.  Desirous  of  getting  to  England 
to  show  what  he  had  done,  and  obtain  another 
vessel,  Flinders  took  passaffe  with  his  officers 
wd  crew  in  the  *' Porpoise,  which  vessel  was 
homeward  bound  through  Torres  Strait.  They 
niUd  August  10,  1803,  and  seven  days  after 
vere  cast  away  on  the  Barrier  Beef.  Flinders 
msde  his  way  baek  to  Sydney,  700  milesv  in  an 
open  beat,  and  pwrsuaded  GcVemor  King  to  let 
hiffl  have  a  shx>p  of  30  tons  (the  *'  Cumbcriand"). 
In  this  crazy  vessel  he  proceeded  home,  aad 
pitting  in  to  the  Mavrimis,  was  there  made 
priMBcr  by  General  De  GaSB,  the  Gkivemor,  and 
cnelly  detained  for  six  yesmaad  a-half.  Mean- 
time the  account  of  the  voyage  of  Baudin  was 
pabliahed  in  France,  in  which  the  whole  of  the 
H.  coast  of  Australia,  from  the  Pfomonteiy  to 
the  Leeuwin,  was  claimed  as  the  discovery  of 
the  French  expedition,  a  claim  which  was  dis- 
pelled the  day  that  Flinders'  account  of  his 
voyage  appeared,  which  was  the  day  of  his 
<Mh,  Juiv  19,  ldl4»  He  was  born  in  1774. 
His  grand-danghter  en joysa  pension  from  the  two 
CoiooMs  of  New  Sooth  Wales  and  Victoria  of 
fSOO  a  yeax^  since  1656.  He  gave  Australia  its 
i^^me,  and  she  has  had  no  more  iUnstrions  or 
noie  modest  explorar. 

Charle$  Orkmeg,  Surveyor-General  of  N.S.  W.  in 
the  "Cumberland,"  inchargsof  Lieut.  Bobbms, 
wot  down  in  Nov.  1802,  l^  Governor  King  to 
"walk  round"  Port  Phillip.     His  assistants  were 


James  Meehan  and  James  Flemming.  Havinff 
sought  for  Baudin  at  King's  Idand,  and  wamea 
him  from  attempting  a  settlement  on  any  station 
ground.  Grimes  paued  into  Port  PhiUip  and 
Uioronghly  fulfilled  his  orders.  He  was  the  first 
to  discover  the  Yarra,  (upon  which  Melbourne 
now  stands).  January  30,  1803.  [His  long-mis- 
sing chart  and  journal  were  found  by  Mr.  T.  J. 
ShQUnglaw,  F.R.G.S.,  1878,  and  have  been 
published  by  the  Government  of  Victoria.] 

CapkUn  Nicholas  Baudin  in  the  "Gcographe," 
andHamelin  in  the  "Naturalisto,"  1802.  [See 
FLnmsHS,  Grimes  and  Knro.] 

Expedition  of  Lieut.-Ootftmor  Daniel  Cottins 
to  form  a  penal  settlement  at  Port  Phillip,  left 
England  April  27,  on  board  H.M.S.  "Calcutta," 
50  tons,  Capt.  Daniel  Woodriff,  and  the  transoort 
**  Ocean,"  John  Mertho,  master,  arrived  at  ^ort 
Phillip,  October  9, 1803.  Landed  the  settlement 
at  a  place  now  called  "  The  Sister, "  near  Sorrento. 
[A  very  partial  exploration  of  the  bay  was  made 
by  Collins,  who  seems  to  have  been  prejudioed 
against  the  place,  and  on  January  30,  1804,  a 
portion  of  the  settlement  again  embarked  on 
board  the  "Ocean"  and  proceeded  to  Tasma- 
nia, where,  on  February  15,  Hobavt  Town  was 
founded.  The  rest  of  tiie  detachment  followed, 
and  on  June  25,  1804,  were  aU  killed  at  Hobart 
Town.  The  records  of  this  attempted  settle^ 
ment  have  recently  been  published  by  the  Vic- 
torian (Government.] 

LietU.  Bowen  had  previously  been  sent  from 
Sydney,  in  the  "Lady  Nelson"  with  a  small 
party  of  fifteen  persons  to  Tasmania,  and  had 
camped  at  iUsdon,  near  Hobart  Town,  June  11, 
1803. 

Lieut,'Colonei  Paiermm,  of  the  N.S.W. 
corps,  sent  from  Sydney  by  Governor  King  to 
ezaeaine  Port  Dalrymple  with  a  view  to  a  settle- 
ment beinff  formed  ther*,  tfmie,  1804. 

Lieui.  ukarlea  EobbiMr  aad  John  Oxley  sent 
by  Governor  King  ia>  the  cuttes  "  Integrity"  to 
examine  Western  Port,  1804-5.  This  expedition 
put  an  end  to  the  idea  of  a  settlement  on  the 
South  Coast. 

L,  de  Vtetfeinet,  m  "L'Uranie,"  sailed  from 
London,  September  15,  1817.  [Saw  Bdels  Land, 
Shark's  l^y,  Simao  Island,  Coepang,  Moluccas, 
Waigion,  Umata,  Sandwich  IsUmd,  Kose  Island, 
Pylstaart,  Sydney,  Campbell  Island,  Tierra-del- 
Fuego.  February  15,  1820,  touched  at  the 
Falluands.  Proceeded  in  "  La  Physicienne  "  to 
Monto  Video,  Rio,  Azores,  Cherbourg.] 

Capimn  PhUip  O.  King  (bom  at  Norfolk 
Island,  son  of  Governor  King).  First  vovage, 
accompanied  by  Messrs.  R^*  and  Beddome, 
(mates,)  and  Mr.  Allan  Cunningham,  botanist, 
sailed  in  the  cutter  "Mermaid"  of  84  tons, 
from  Sydney,  December  22,  taking  a  "west- 
about"  route  round  the  Leeuwin;  Dampier's 
N.W.  Cape  February  10,  1813.  In  this  barren 
and  desoUto  land  met  with  ant-hills  eight  feet 
high;  the  sea  swarmed  with  turtles,  snakes, 
sharks,  and  dolphins;  the  copper-coloured  air 
filled  with  venomous  insects.  Anchored  in 
Nicol  Bay,  March  4,  little  dreaming  of  the  rich 
^ CUled  the  "Father of  Modem Ejcptoiera." 


36 


AUSTRALIAN  STEAM  NAVIGATION  COMPANY— BANKS. 


§lAin8m  the  back  country — Goulbum  group,  Port 
in^leton,  and  Van  Diemen  Gulf.  E^rolored  the 
Albgator,  traced  it  for  40  miles,  refitted  at  Timor, 
and  returned  to  Sydney,  July  28, 1818.  Employed 
in  survey  of  Macquarie  Harbour  in  Tasmania, 
Port  Macquarie,  and  the  Hastings  which  had 
just  been  discovered  by  Oxley,  1817. 

Captain  Sviherland  on  a  sealing  voyage  visited 
Port  Lincoln,  and  remained  for  seven  months 
on  Kangaroo  Island,  1819. 

King.  Second  voyage  in  "Mermaid."  In 
May,  1819  sailed  from  Sydney,  and  passing 
through  Torres  Straits  took  up  the  survey  at  the 
point  left  off  by  Flinders — Weasells  Heads.  Ex- 
amined coast  from  Clarence  Straits  to  Cambridge 
Gttlf ,  overrunning  the  work  of  the  French  Com- 
modore Baudin ;  returned  to  Sydney  January  12, 
1820. 

KiTitj,  Third  voyage,  accompanied  by  Allan 
Cunningham,  resumed  the  survey  in  June  on  the 
"Red  Coast."  Had  to  leave  off  at  Prince  Regent's 
River,  near  present  Camden  Harbour  Settlement. 
Returned  to  Sydney  in  September,  1820. 

King's  Fourth  voyage.  Messrs.  Roe  and  Cun- 
ningham accompanying  in  the  * '  Bathurst, "  1821 . 
[Some  remarkaole  caverns  at  Princess  Charlotte 
Bay.  Sailed  50  miles  up  the  Prince  Regent  River. 
Refitted  at  Mauritius.  Returned  and  surveyed 
Swan  River  and  the  coast  northward  to  the 
Buccaneer  Archipelago,  which  had  been  par- 
tially examined  by  Baudin.  Returned  to 
Sydney  April,  1822.  This  was  King's  last 
voyage  in  our  waters.  He  was  subsequently 
engaged  in  the  survey  of  the  "  Beagle"  in  South 
America,  and  he  died  a  Rear- Admiral  in  1855. 
A  settlement  at  Port  Cockbum  was  made  in 
1824  by  Sir  Gordon  Bremer  as  a  result  of  King's 
exploration.  This  was  abandoned  in  1826,  and 
which  another  settlement  formed  at  Raffles  Bay, 
also  had  to  be  abandoned  in  1829.] 

Captain  Duperry  in  "  Ia  Coquille."  Voyage 
amongst  the  Line  Islands,  1822-4. 

Captain  Bougainville  in  the  "Thetis."  Left 
Brest  March  2,  1824.  Malacca,  Singapore,  Blc., 
explored  to  south  of  Tasmania.  Remted  at  Port 
Jackson,  sailed  2l8t  September,  and  crossed  the 
Pacific  to  Valparaiso  without  seeing  land,  1824. 

D.  H.  Kolff,  Lieutenant  in  the  Dutch  brig 
"Dourga. "  Exploration  of  the  islands  about  New 
Guinea  and  the  Arafura  Sea,  1825.  [Corrected 
by  Lieutenant  Modera  in  1828  in  corvette 
"Triton."] 

Captain  (Chevalier)  DiUon  in  the  "  Research  " 
[De  La  Perouse]  on  the  South  Coast  about  Port 
Lincoln  and  Encounter  Bay.     1826. 

Captain  Gould  visited  the  South  Coast  about 
Port  Lincoln,  1827-8. 

Captain  Dumont  IX  Urville  in  the  "  Astrolabe  " 
sailed  from  Toulon  in  April.  Touched  at  Bass 
Straits,  North  part  of  New  Zealand,  and  Pacific 
Islands,  1826. 

Captain  James  Stirling j  H.M.S.  "Success," 
Survey  of  coast  from  Kmg  George's  Sound  to 
Swan  River,  1828. 

Captain  B.  Fitoroy  in  the  "Beagle."  Visited 
New  Zealand,  Port  Jackson,  Hobart  Town, 
King  George's  Sound,  1829. 


Captain  La  Place  sailed  from  Toulon  SOtii 
December.  Visited  East  Indies,  Hobart  Town, 
New  Zealand,  1829. 

Survey  of  thecoastsof  Anstraliaby  the  "Besde" 
and'<Fly,"  1837-1841.  [The *'Bei^le" left Enchnd 
June,  1837.  Her  officers  were  T.  C.  WiduLam, 
Commander,  retired  through  ill  health  Mardi, 
1841  ;  J.  B.  Emery,  Lieutenant,  retired  in  1841 ; 
Henry  Eklen,  Lieutenant,  retired  in  1841 ;  John 
Lort  Stokes,  Lieutenant,  succeeded  Wickhsm 
1841,  and  continued  survey  till  1843;  Charles 
Darwin,  F.R.S.,  Naturalist.  The  ship  reached 
Swan  River  November  15,  1837 ;  1838,  disco- 
vered the  Fitzroy  River  ;  1839,  left  Sydney  for 
Port  Essington,  22nd  May ;  arrived  there 
January.  Discovered  and  named  Adam  Bay 
(after  Admiral  Sir  Charles  A.)  1840.  Discovery 
of  the  Adcdaide  River  at  Clarence  Straits  by 
L.  R.  Fitzmaurice,  Mate.  Discovered  Port 
Darwin,  Victoria  River,  Fitzmaurice  River. 
Found  memorials  of  the  wreck  of  the  "Zerouk" 
{which  see). 

Again  left  Sydney  to  examine  Gulf  of  Carpen- 
taria,  1842.  Discovered  the  Flinders  River, 
which  they  ascended  20  miles.  Discovered  the 
Albert  River  (the  Maatsuycker  of  Tasman); 
explored  it  for  50  miles.  At  Treachery  Ba^, 
Captain  Stokes  was  speared  and  nearly  lost  m 
life.  1842-1845.  Captain  Bhuskwood  in  tiie 
<  ( p^y  »  continued  the  survey,  and  made  a  minute 
survey  of  the  Great  Barrier  Reef  and  of  the 
South  Coast  of  New  Guinea. 

AUSTRALIAN       STEAM       NAVIGATION 
COMPANY  formed  April  12,  1832. 
[See  Companies.] 


B 


BALLOONING.— Many  attempts  have  been 
made  to  ascend  in  balloons,  resulting  in  nearly 
all  cases  in  whole  or  partial  failure.  Mr. 
Thomas  Gale,  accompanied  by  Mr.  John  Allen, 
ascended  in  a  balloon  (72  feet  high,  112  feet  in 
circumference,  with  capacity  for  32,000  feet  of 
ffas)  from  Victoria  Park,  Sydney,  a  height  of 
2i  miles,  and  descended  in  two  hours'  tmie  in 
Delarge'sBay,PaiTamattaRiver,  between  Kissing 
Point  and  Tarban  Creek,  January  7,  1871. 

BALLOT,   VoTB   BY.— Vote  by  Ballot  in  Vic- 
toria became  law  in  1854. 
[See  CoN8TiTunoN.] 

BANKS. 

Australian  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Paid-up  capital, 
£500,000 ;  reserve,  £135,000.     Established  1853. 

Bank  of  New  South  IFa^ifirstbankesUblished 
in  the  colony).  Paid  up  capitsi,  £1,000,000; 
reserve,  £450,000.    Established  April  8, 1817. 

Bank  of  Van  IHemen's  Land  (first  Bank  of 
Tasmania).  Paid  up  capital,  £135,000;  reserve, 
£10,000.     Established  1823. 

Bank  of  Australia,  established  February  26, 
1826.       . 


BANKS. 


37 


Bank  of  New  South  Wales,  reported  to  have 
stopped  pftyment ;  much  aUum  caused ;  the 
Govenor  loaned  the  Bank  from  the  Treasury 
chert  May  14^  1826. 

DerwerU  Bank,  Hobart  Town,  Tasmania, 
oUblished  1827. 

CommerdiU  Bank,  Tasmania.  Capital, 
£115.000 ;  reserve,  £23,000.     Established  1829. 

Extensive  robbeay  of  the  Bank  of  Australia, 
Sydney,  September  14,  1828. 

Bank  of  Australia  re-orauiised  1833. 

CommertUd  Banking  Company  of  Sydney, 
Ptid-np  capital,  £500,000 ;  reserve,  £475,000. 
Grtsbhshedl834. 

Banki^  AuUraXasia.  Capital,  £1,200,000; 
reserve,  £407,309.  Commenced  business  Dec- 
ember 14,  1835. 

Union  Bank  of  AujUralia,  Capital,  £1,500,000; 
raenre,  £780,000.     ^tablished  1837. 

Bank  of  SofUh  Australia^  Paid  up  capital, 
£500,000 ;  reserve,  £125,000.    Established  1841. 

Bank  of  Western  AustrcUitt,  Paid-up  capital, 
£20,00a    Established  June  22,  1841. 

Bank  of  Australia  closed  1843. 

A  Bill  was  brought  into  the  Council  by  Mr. 
Wentworth,  "  to  enable  the  Bank  of  Austraiia 
to  dispose  of  certain  real  and  personal  property 
fey  lottery.  "1844. 

Bank  of  Australia  Lottery  Bill  passed  in 
Sydney,  1845. 

Bank  of  Australia  failed  1848. 

LiMtry  Sale  of  the  Bank  of  Australia  pro- 
perty at  the  City  Theatre,   Sydney.      11,248 


lots  were  put  up.  The  hiffhest  prize  was  lot  1 — 
the  Underbank  Estate,  of  8,320  acres  of  land, 
with  improvements,  and  3,700  head  of  cattle 
and  40  horses :  January  1,  1849. 

Oriental  Banking  Corporation,  Paid-up 
capital,  £1,500,000;  reserve,  £325,000.  Estab- 
lished 1850. 

English,  Scottish,  and  Australian  (Chartered 
Bank.  Capital,  £720,000;  reserve,  £105,000. 
Established  1852. 

London  Chartered  Bank  of  Australia.  Paid- 
up  capital,  £1,000,000;  reserve,  £120,000.  Incor- 
porated  1825. 

Bank  of  Victoria,      Opened  January  3, 1855. 

National  Bank  of  Atutralasia,  Paid-up 
capital,  £660,000;  reserve,  £250,000.  Estab- 
lished 1858. 

Bank  of  New  Zealand.  Paid  up  capital, 
£725,000 ;  reserve  £350,000 ;  founded  1861. 

Land  Mortgage  Bank  of  Victoria,  Paid  up 
capital,  £104,280 ;  established,  1864. 

Bank  of  Adelaide.  Paid  up  capital,  £250,000 ; 
established,  December  11,  1865. 

Mercantile  Bank  Sydney.  Paid  up  capital, 
£300,000;  reserve,  £100,000;  established,  1869. 

Queensland  NcUional  Bank,  Subscribed  capi- 
tal, £776,480  ;  reserve,  £70,000;  opened,  June  1, 
1872. 

City  Bank,  Sydney.  Paid  up  capital,  £240,000, 
with  power  to  increase  to  £500,000 ;  reserve, 
£40,000  ;  established,  1863. 

Austrcilian  and  European  Bank,  Paid  up  capi- 
tal, £630,000 ;  established,  1872. 

LuBiums  AND  AsssTB  of  the  Banks  during  the  last  quarter  of  1876  in  all  the  Australasian  colonies 
except  Western  Australia,  which  does  not  appear  to  publish  banking  returns. 

Total  LlabUlties. 


Name  of  Golooy. 


Notes 

In 

Circolation. 


BlUs 

in 

Cirxmlatlon. 


Balanoea 

due  to  other 

Banks. 


Deposits. 


TotaL 


Victoria  > 

New  Sooth  Wales 

<^ieeoilaDd , 

Sooth  Anslnlia 

^*inM>iila 

Sew  Zealaod  .......... . 

Total 


12 
10 
6 
6 
6 
6 


1,386,478 
1,11S,S28 
845,487 
442,541 
117,668 
874,617 


£ 

64,472 
87,123 
14,6Se 
10,063 
2,000 
00,883 


£ 
287,179 

247,867 

42,520 

67,004 

2,682 

47,678 


£ 

14,860,148 
14,860,606 
8,001,881 
8,310,006 
1,463,006 
6,238,471 


£ 
16,627,277 
16,267,306 
3,404,287 
8,826,864 
1,686,844 
7,221,390 


46 


4,228,864 


180,376 


684,280 


43,818,009 


48,912,418 


Name  of  Colony. 


Total  Aflsete. 


Coin 

and 

Bullion. 


Landed 
Property. 


Balances 

Other 

due  from. 

Securities 

and  Notes 

chiefly 

and  Bills  of. 

Govem- 

other  Banks. 

1 

ment. 

Debts  due  to 
Banks. 


Total. 


Victoria  

New  Booth  Wales 

(^KCDsland 

ScKith  Aostnlia. . 

Itenaais 

NewZeahiad..  .. 

Total 


£ 

£ 

3,619,8fn 

700,129 

2,727,103 

869,276 

764,271 

111,804 

733,168 

161,611 

266,499 

80,245 

1,614,918 

210,186 

9,606,886 

1,661,760 

£ 

470,156 

8,630,168 

00,833 

134,731 

28,881 

96,701 


26,000 
614,208 


£ 

19,138,461 
13,627,651 
3,400,046 
4,724,443 
1,867,198 
9,240,060 


689,206       61,487,758 


£ 

28,018.128 

20,263,088 

4,862,454 

5,768,963 

1,681,823 

11,776,071 


67,760,612 


^ 


BANKSTOWN— BARRACKS. 


84.TDIO8'  Banks. 

^ew  South  WcUesSamngs'  £ankmiiia,ted:pTSt 
Offioe-bearen  and  Truatees — ^Air.  Justioe  Field, 
Lieutenant-Govemor  Erakine,  Judge-Adyocate 
Wylde,  and  Sir  John  Jamison.  DepositB  aa  low 
as  ludf^a-crown  were  leceived,  and  for  each 
sum  of  a  pound  left  in  the  Bank  for  one  year, 
an  interest  of  eighteen  pence  was  given  :  1818. 

Savings'  Bank  establiined  in  Lannceston,  Tas- 
mania, 1835. 

Melbourne  Saimgs^  Bank  established,  Septem- 
ber 1,  1841. 

A  "  run  "  on  the  Sydney  Savings'  Bank  (Miller, 
Manager),  which  laired  two  days,  arose  in  con- 
j»quence  of  a  rumoar  that  the  Grevemor  of  the 
Colony  had  ejumined  all  tiae  securities,  and  had 
eaid  that  he  would  not  give  three  straws  for  all 
of  them  put  toigether.  May  1  and  2,  1843. 

Victoria,  List  of  Banks  in: — 
Aostntlian  and  European  Bank  Limited ;  established, 

1872. 
AustraUan  Deposit  and  Mortrnffe  Bank,  Limited. 
'Bank  of  Australasia,   estabUshed  1835.     Head  office, 

London. 
Bank  of  New  South  Wales,  estabHshed  1817. 
Bank  of  Now  Zealand,  established,  1802. 
Bank  of  Victoria,  established  1862. 
Ballarat  Bankini;  Compaiij%  Limited  ;  established  186& 
City  of  Melbourne  Bank.  Umited. 
Colonial  Bank  of  Australasia,  established  1856. 
Commercial  Bank  of  Australia,  Umited  (CoUins^etreet 

west),  established  1866.    Head  office,  Melbourne. 
Ensriiah,  Scottish,  and  AmrtraliMi  Chartered  Bank,  estsb- 

lished  1852. 
Xond  Morteiigre  Bank  of  Viotoci«,  limited,  established 

1864. 
London  Chartered  Bank  of  Australia,  incorporated  18RS. 
Maritime  General  Credit  &  Discount  Comnmy,  Limited. 
Melbourne  banking  Corporation,  Limited. 
Melbourne  Savings^  Bank,  estabUshed  1841. 
National  Bank  of  Australasia,  established  1858. 
Oriental  Bank  Corporation,  incoq>onhted  1851. 
Provincial  and  Suburban  Bank,  Limited,    established 

November,  1872. 
Union  Bank  of  Australia,  established  1838. 

BANKSTOWN,  George's  River,  fonned,  1796. 

BANNISTER,  8ax«,  First  Attorney-General 
arrired  with  the  New  Charter  for  the  more 
efficient  administration  of  justice,  April  5,  1824. 
[See  Courts,  Scpbeme.] 

BAPTIST  CHAPELS. 

First  Baptist  Chapel  founded  in  New  South 
Wales,  November  28,  1835,  by  Rev.  John 
Saunders.  (John  Stephen  elected  President  of 
the  Baptist  Association.)  York^treet  Chapel, 
Launceston,  opened,  September  27,  1840 ;  Har- 
rington-street Chai)el,  Hobart  Town,  opened 
March  21,  1841. 

BAPTIST  UNION. 

Rev.  John  Saunders,  first  Minister  in  Aus- 
tralia, arrived  in  Sydney,  December  1,  1834. 
[See  "  Men  of  the  Time"  (Saunders,  Rev.  John)^ 
Rev.  Mr.  Dowling,  first  Minister  in  Launoeston, 
arrived  in  1839;  Rev.  Mr.  M'Laren,  first  Baptist 
Minister  Adelaide,  arrived  1840 ;  Rev.  Mr. 
Wade,  first  Minister  Hobart  Town,  arrived  1841 ; 
Rev.  Mr.  Dowling  died  (aged  90),  1868. 

Ministers  of.  Neio  South  Wales.  Beechey, 
Rev.  Richard    Fame,   Grafton;  Burdett,  Rev. 


Abraham,  Woollahra;  CoUen,  Rev.  William 
Casino  ;  Comlord,  Rev.  P.  H.  Sydn^ ;  Fenwick, 
David,  Newtown;  HaRiaon,  W.  R.«HiiitoD; 
Hibberd,   Frederick,   Sydney  ;   Jaggera,  T.  H., 

Lawrence  ;  lAeweHyn,  Thomas, ;  iMtle, 

John  Thomas,  Orange  ;  Phillips,  Henry,  £s&- 
urst ;  Taylor  Willtam,  Svdsey  ;  Thomas  Lewis, 
Waratah  ;  Williamsan,  Robert,  Parramatta. 

Jiew  Zealand.  Brookes,  £.  8.,  New  Plyanth 
T  ;  Clarke,  John  Samuel,  Linocdn,  C ;  Costoll, 
Samuel,  WeUinton ;  DaUarton,  Charles,  Christ- 
chnrch  ;  Davia,  Joseph  Upton,  Dunedin ;  Dola- 
more,     DecimiiB,      Oxfora,     C ;     Harnngton, 

Thomas, ;  Hinton,  Joseph,  T.,  Thames,  A; 

Innea,  John  M.,  Green  laland,  O  ;  Saide,  James 
Wnffht,  Greendale,  C ;  Webb,  Allen,  Waltsi; 
Auckland. 

Queoisland.  Coonliee,  Rev.  Henry,  Wbarf- 
street,  Brisbane;  Davioe,  Rev.  Thomas L.,  SosHi 
Biiabane;  Gobeon,  Rev.  W.  T.,  Maiyboroi^h; 
Jerson,  Rev.  T.  W.,  Bookhampton ;  Moore,  Rer. 
W.,  Milton  ;  Macpherson,  Rev.  J.,  Toowoomba ; 
Straughen,  Rev.  John,  Ipswich ;  Voller,  Bev. 
James,  Samford,  Ozley ;  Windolf,  Rev.  H., 
Fassifem  ;  Kingsford,  Rev.  John  (Partioalar  B.) 
Fortitude  Valley,  BriBbane. 

Sauih  AustraUa.  Ashton,  the  Rev.  W.  0., 
Kapunda;  Badger,  Rev.  D.,  Port  Aqgnsta; 
Carter,  Rev.  L.  G.,  Adelaide  North  ;  Clare,  fiev. 
W. ,  Angaston  (Chairman of  Baptist  AssodatioD); 
Dennis,  Rev.  W.,  Mount  Basher  and  Granny  Flat; 
Fairey,  Rev.  S.,  Lyndock  Valley  and  -Gawkr; 
Gray,  Rev.  James,  Ciuronoyidel  VaUey  and  Mit- 
cham  ;  Howard,  Rev.  S.,  Jamestown;  Lloyd, 
Rev.  M.,  Alberton  ;  lAmbert,  Rev.  H.  I.,  Nor- 
wood; Me«d,  Rev.  Silas,  M. A.,  LLR,  Ade- 
laide South;  Morgan,  Rev.  H.,  Hindmar^; 
Nanoarrow,  Rev.  J.,  Diamond  Jja^Le  and  Minla- 
cowie  ;  Price,  Rev.  John,  Semaphore ;  Page, 
Rev.  F.,  Laura;  Sney,  Rev.  J.  B.,  Geoiige- 
town  ;  Tuch,  Rev.  H.  L.,  Stockport. 

Tasmania,  Hobart  Town,  Harrington-street 
(vacant),  services  conducted  by  lay  members. 
Launceston,  York-street,  Rev.  W.  ^^  hite.  Perth 
supplies.  Constitution  Hill,  supplied  by  minister 
and  lay  preachers  of  different  Protestant  denomi* 
nations. 

Victoria.  Bailhache,  Rev.  Phillip,  Albecfc- 
street,  Melbourne ;  Brennand,  Rev.  J.  R.,  Prah- 
ran ;  Chapman,  Rev.  S.,  Collins-street  East;  Cher- 
bury,  Rev.  C.  M.,  Gold-street,  Collingwood; 
Coombes,  Rev.  H.,  Brighton ;  Cuttle,  Rev.  W., 
Victoria  Parade,  CoUiugwood  ;  Foy,  Rev.  J., 
Kew;  Hiddleston,  Rev.  W.  R.,  Brunswick; 
Lush,  G.  P.,  George-street,  Collingwood ;  Poole, 
Rev.  W.,  Emerald  Hill ;  Taylor,  Rev.  James, 
Richmond  ;  Turner,  Rev.  J.,  Lonsdale-street, 
Melbourne ;  Wolfenden,  Rev.  J.,  South  Yarra. 
[See  Relioions.] 

BARLOW,  Captain.  Captain  Barlow  was 
oommander  of^lelville  Island  settlement,  162^ 
Settlement  abandoned,  1829. 

BARRACKS.  Hyde  Park  Barracks,  situated  st 
the  eastern  end  of  Ring-street,  Sydney,  were 
erected  by  Governor  Macquarie,  as  the  principal 
convict  depot  in  the  colony,   and  were  &^ 


BABBIEE  HESiF— SEBTRAND  CASK 


"39 


KcqmdJinn,  1619.  [ISray  oenow  luwd  Man 
tfjrinm  for  tged  femaiflB,  aiia  m  a  Female  famni- 
fftBt  depdt,] 

BARRIER  REEE.  Svnreyed  by  Captain  BUck- 
«Dod,1841 

BARRINGTON,  George.  A  celebrated  pick- 
{XKket,  who  was  transported  to  Australia.  He  is 
aid  to  have  been  the  author  ef  a  well-known 
voli^ae  delivered  at  the  opening  of  the  first 
ilMstre  [see  Tbratsces]  in  Sydney.  He  received 
the  fint  warrant  ol  emancipation  ever  issued, 
1792 ;  lived  to  a  very  old  age,  and  died  at  Par- 
twnatta,  N.S.W. 

BARBXSTEBS.    [See  Courts,  Sutrehe.] 

BARWON,  Raraula,  or  Darlino  River,  dis- 
covered Feb.  4,  1832.  [The  three  rivers  are  one 
sid  the  same  stream  under  different  names,  being 
<BUed  the  Karanla  for  some  distance  from  its 
anroe,  then  aasmning  the  title  of  the  Barwon, 
aod  labseqnently  that  of  the  Darling. — See 
AcsEBAUA  amd  RrvxRS.] 

BASS.    [Set  *<Mex  or  the  Tims"  (Bosb).] 

BATHURST.  Governor  Macquarie  visited  and 
fixed  upon  the  site  for  Bathurst,  so  named  by 
bim  in  honour  of  Earl  Bathurst,  Secrctaiy  of 
State  for  the  Colonies  ;  the  road  measureci  140 
nilei  from  Sydney  ;  fifty  thousand  acres  of  cood 
land  were  found  to  exist  within  ten  miles  oFthe 
township)  May  7,  1875.  Great  depredations 
oQSimitted  by  bladis  ;  martial  law  proclaimed, 
AngDst  15,  1824.  Captain  Fennel!  appointed 
cmnmandaut  at  Bathurst,  January  5,  1825. 
Tiated  by  Crovemor  Darling,  accompanied  by 
C^ftain  Dumaresq  and  lieutenant  Dc  La  Con- 
danine,  'November  5,  1829.  Great  outbreak 
nnoQgst  the  prison  population  in  the  district,  the 
inmrgents  consisting  at  first  of  only  eight  persons, 
W  shortly  afterwards  by  intimidation  and  per- 
vasion, eighty  collected.  In  the  conflict  Lieu- 
tenant Brown  had  two  men  and  five  horses  killed, 
Iwt  the  convicts  were  at  length  subdued  and  ten 
men  were  convicted  and  hanged  at  Bathurst, 
^tember,  1890.    *fown8hip  proclaimed,  1852. 

BATTERIES.  [<8«  Forto.] 

BAUDIN,  Captain  {French)  visited  Encounter 
Bay,  1801  ;  French  claimed  discovery  of  the 
whole  of  the  South  Coast  of  Australia,  1802  ; 
left  Australia,  1803. 

BAUER,  Mr.,  natural  history  painter,  sailed 
vithFlmders,  1801. 

BAVARIA,  Kino  of.  Instruments  for  Astro- 
nomical ol)6ervations  presented  by  him  to  Vic- 
toria, 1854. 

BAXTER,  John,  murdered  by  two  blacks  whilst 
with  the  exploring  party  under  Eyre,  1841. 

BECKER,  LuDWio,  artist  and  naturalist,  of 
Borke  and  WiUs*s  exploring  party,  1960 ;  died 
near  Cooper's  Creek,  1861. 


NX^KLER,  Hkbman,  medical  offioer  and 
botanist  of  Buxke  and  Wills's  exploring  party, 
1860 ;  left  the  party  owing  to  some  dispnte» 
1860. 

BEDFORD,  Rev.  William  (C.E.),  second 
chaplain  of  Hobart  Town  (called  ''the  fighting 
chaplain,")  arrived  1823. 

BEDDOME,  C,  accompanied  King  to  the  Gaff 
of  Carpentaria,  SeptemMr,  1817. 

BEES,  Introduction  of.  **  Captain  Wallia,  of 
the  'Isabella,*  brought  out  a  number  of  bee- 
hives on  his  last  visit  to  the  Colony.  Mr.  Parr, 
of  George-street,  has  four  of  these  thickly  popu- 
lated ^bitations,  which  seem  not  to  lose  anv 
of  their  forces  from  a  change  of  climate.  A 
species  of  this  industrious  race  was  introduced 
into  Parramatta  some  years  aco,  and  lived  only 
a  short  time,"  April,  1822 ;  Mr.  Icel^^,  of  Mac- 
quarie-place,  Sydney,  had  one  of  Captain  Wallis^ 
original  hives,  1823 ;  the  honey  bee  introduced 
into  Tasmania  by  Dr.  Wilson,  1834 ;  Mr.  John 
Hughes,  of  Sussex  Farm,  near  Bathurst,  the  first 
who  succeeded  in  bringing  bees  alive  over  the 
Blue  Mountains,  183$;  the  first  person  who 
introduced  bees  to  the  Bathurst  district  was  the 
late  Thomas  Arkell,  Esq.,  of  Charlton,  Camp- 
bcirs  River,  who  received  a  hive  from  the  li^ 
Nathaniel  Payten,  of  Parramatta,  and  carried 
the  bees  in  his  gig  to  Charlton,  1842. 

BENT,  Geoffrey  Hart,  first  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  N.S.W.,  arrived  July  27,  1814. 

BENTLEY  MYSTERY,  The.  A  pianiste  named 
Julia  Bentley  (formerly  Miss  Monk,  of  Exetec, 
England),  with  her  husband,  Thomas  Charles 
Bentley,  afterwards  secretary  of  the  Union 
Club,  Sydney,  arrived  in  New  South  Wales  in 
January,  1860.  In  May,  1861,  and  during  the 
seven  succeeding  months,  a  number  of  anony- 
mous letters  affecting  the  character  of  Mrs.  Ben- 
tley were  received  by  the  leading  inhabitants  of 
Sydney.  She  alleged  that  she  was  insulted 
and  violently  assaulted  in  the  streets  of  the 
city.  A  panianientaiy  inquiry  was  held  com- 
mencing on  November  14,  1862 ;  progress  report 
stating  that  no  satisfactory  conclusion  as  to  the 
authorship  of  the  letters  had  been  arrived  at  by 
the  committee  and  exonerating  all  those  accused 
by  the  Bentlcys.  Sub-Inspector  Harrison,  of 
the  Detective  Police,  gave  evidence  of  his 
belief  that  Mrs.  Bentley  wrote  the  anonjonous 
letters,  and  in  support  of  his  opinion,  referred 
to  a  similar  occurrence  having  happened  to  Mrs. 
Bentley,  when  a  girl,  some  years  previously, 
in  Exeter.     December  19,  1862. 

BERRIMA.  [See  Explorations  ;  aho. 
Prisons.] 

BHITRAND  CASE,  The.  The  murder  of 
Ifr.  Hemy  Kinder  by  Louis  Henry  Bertrand, 
lorms  one  of  the  most  remarkable  oases  in  the 
orhninal  jurisprudence  of  the  Australasian 
Colonies,  and  from  the  revolting  circumstances 
amending  it,  and  the  position  h^d  in  society  by 


40 


BETTING  ACT— BIRTHa 


the  principal  parties  oonoemed,  it  is  justly  en* 
titled  to  De  considered  one  of  the  "  CoMaea 
aUbres**   of  court  business.     On  October  2, 

1865,  the  public  of  Sydney  were  startled  by  the 
intelli^nce  that  Mr.  Henry  Kinder,  principal 
teller  in  the  City  Bank,  a  gentleman  well-known 
and  much  esteemed,  had  committed  suicide  by 
shootinff  himself.  An  inquest  was  held  on  the 
body,  when  Helen  Maria  binder,  the  wife  of  the 
unfortunate  man,  gave  evidence  to  the  effect 
that  deceased  had  for  some  days  been  under  the 
influence  of  drink,  had  been  veiy  violent,  and 
had  frequently  threatened  to  destroy  himself  ; 
that  whilst  in  the  garden  she  had  heard  the 
pistol  fired,  and  on  returning  to  the  room  occu- 
pied by  her  husband,  found  him  lifeless.  Sub- 
sequent suspicious  circumstances  caused  the 
arrest  of  Mrs.  Kinder,  at  Bathurst,  on  a  charge 
of  murder.  She  was  remanded  to  Sydney,  and 
at  the  same  time,  Louis  Henry  Bertrand,  a  well- 
known  dentist  of  Sydney,  and  the  most  intimate 
friend  of  the  deceased,  and  Jane  Bertrand,  his 
wife,  were  arrested  on  a  similar  charge.  The 
hearing  of  the  case  at  the  Water  Police  Court 
lasted  till  December  9th,  when  all  the  prisoners 
were  fully  committed  for  trial.  During  the 
proceedings,  a  series  of  the  most  atrocious 
aetails  ever  heard  in  a  police  court  came  to 
light,  and,  amongst  other  papers  produced,  were 
the  diary  of  the  male  prisoner  liertrand  and  a 
bundle  of  letters,  written  almost  daily  by  him  to 
Mrs.  Kinder,  leaving  no  doubt  of  Bertrand's  in- 
tention to  cet  rid  of  Kinder,  with  whose  wife  he 
had  formed  a  liaiaon.  Kinder  had  evidently 
been  drugged  day  by  day,  till  he  became 
thoroughly  demented  and  stupefied,  and  it  was 
supposed,  either  that  Bertrand,  finding  that  his 
victim  was  more  tenacious  of  life  than  he  had 
expected,  had  fired  the  pistol,  and  had  placed  the 
weapon  in  Kinder's  hand  after  death ;  or,  having 
placed  the  weapon  in  Kinder*s  hand  whilst  he 
was  still  alive,  but  in  an  almost  comatose  state,  had 
bent  the  arm  and  then  pulled  the  trig^r,  in  either 
case  leadinff  to  a  supposition  of  suicide.  Ber- 
trand and  Mrs.  Kinaer  were  placed  on  their 
trial  at  the  Central  Criminal  Court,  in  March, 

1866,  Mrs.  Bertrand  having  been  set  at  liberty 
by  the  Attorney-General,  as  it  was  clearly  seen 
that  the  part  she  had  taken  in  the  series  of  cir- 
cumstances connected  with  the  case  had  been 
done  from  fear  of  her  husband,  who  had  used  the 
most  terrible  threats  towards  her,  and  that  she 
had  really  no  knowledge  of  the  intended  murder. 
After  a  long  and  patient  trial,  at  which  the  most 
learned  counsel  were  enj?aged  on  both  sides, 
Mrs.  Kinder  was  acquitted,  and  Bertrand  found 
ffuilty  and  sentenced  to  death,  March  21,  1866. 
The  most  strenuous  efforts  were,  however,  used 
b^  the  prisoner's  friends  to  obtain  a  commuta- 
tion of  the  sentence  ;  every  lesal  and  technical 
point  was  made  available  for  a  &e8h  hearing  and 
renewed  arguments.  The  case  was  taken 
before  the  Pnvy  Council,  which  upheld  the  con- 
viction, Bertrand  being  meanwnile  kept  in 
Darlinghurst  Gaol.  At  length,  after  the  lapse 
of  about  two  ^ears,  durine  which  period  aU 
those   skilled  m  medical  jurisprudence   were 


consulted  and  examined,  the  sentence  was,  on 
the  ground  of  insanity,  commuted  to  imprison- 
ment for  life,  a  sentence  Bertrand  is  now  under* 
coing  in  Parramatta  Criminal  Lunatic  Asylnni, 
N.S.  W.  Mm.  Kinder  found  it  expedient  to 
emignte  to  New  Zealand,  where  she  was  at 
once  engaged  as  barmaid  at  an  hotel,  and  hai 
since  re-married. 


BETTING  ACT  (Terry's).  The  "Betting 
Houses  Suppression  Act,  introduced  by  S.  H. 
Terry,  Esq.,  Member  for  New  EIngland,  came 
into  operation  in  New  South  Wales,  April,  1876. 

BIBLE  CHRISTIANS. 

Queensland.  — BtMane, 
Haggar,   Rev.   C.   H. ;  Rom&efell,  Bev.  B. ; 
Wooloock,  Rev.  W. 

SoxTTH  Australia. 

Allen,  Rev.  Thomas,  Brompton ;  Ashton,  Ber. 
J.  H.,  Moonta;  Bullcock,  Rev.  F.,  Crystal 
Brook;  Bums,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Riverton;  Dingle, 
Rev.  John,  Mount  Lofty ;  Finch,  Rev.  W.  W ., 
Port  Augusta;  Foster,  Rev.  Joshua,  Gawler; 
Hillman,  Rev.  Thomas,  Auburn ;  Halford,  Rev. 
W.  H.,  Moonta ;  Hancock,  Rev.  Joseph,  Ade* 
laide ;  Kellv,  Rev.  R.,  Port  Adelaide;  Lake,  Rev. 
O.,  Crystal  Brook;  Lang,  Rev.  R.,  Mitcham; 
Mason,  Rev.  H.,  Port  Wakefield;  May,  Rev.  J., 
Gawler;  Middleton,  Rev.  — ,  Port  EUiot;  Mor- 
combe,  Rev.  T.  Y.,  Gawler  Plains;  M*Neil, 
Rev.  T.,  Bowden ;  Papter,  Rev.  G.  H.,  Beau- 
tiful Valley;  Peace,  Kev.  J.,  Mount  Torrens; 
Piper,  Rev.  Thomas,  Adelaide ;  Raymond,  Rev. 
J.,  Clarendon  k  Wilunga ;  Richanu,  Rev.  W., 
Burnt;  Radclift,  Rev.  J.,  Port  EUiot;  Rock, 
Rev.  Joseph,  Kapunda;  Rowe,  Rev.  James, 
Moonta;  Roberts,  Kev.  James,  Bowden;  Samp- 
son, Rev.  G.  J.,  Gladstone  &  Hallett;  Stovel, 
Rev.  J.,  Port  Elliot;  Trecise,  Rev.  Charles, 
Millicent ;  Trevin,  Rev.  J.,  Yankalilla;  Thorne, 
Rev.  John,  Gladstone ;  Way,  Rev.  James,  Ade- 
laide ;  Yeoman,  Rev.  R.  C,  Kadina. 

BIGGE,  Commissioner  [See  "  Men  of  the 
Time  "  {Bigge),] 

BILLIARDS.  Mons.  Pierre  Carme  first  ap- 
peared in  Sydney,  April,  1826 ;  John  Roberts, 
junior,  champion  biUiard  player,  first  appeared 
in  Sydney,  August  14,  1876. 

BIRTHS  in  the  Australasian  Colonies  fob 

THE  YEAR  ENDING  Dec.   31,    1876. 


Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Vtotoria     

New  South  Wftles   ..     . 

Quoensland      

South  Auatnlift      ..     .. 
Western  Austndla  ..     .. 

18.759 

11,7«1 

8,540 

4,134 

474 

13,010 

11,507 

3,363 

4,090 

444 

S6,7a0 
23.2M 

8,224 

m 

Total 

TAsmanla 

NewZeaknd 

38,696 

1,000 
8,320 

32,414 

1.480 
7,848 

8,149 
164« 

Gnad  Total     . .     . . 

48,078 

41,751         85.4» 

BIRTHS— BLUE  MOUNTAINa 


41 


filETHS,  TT.LWGITIMATE,  in  thx  Austral- 
ASIAN  Colonies. 


Vev. 

megiUmate  Births  to  every  100  ChUdren 
Born. 

VictorfaL 

New  South 
Wales. 

Queens- 
knd. 

New 
Zesland. 

Wt   ..    .. 
1873    ..    .. 
U74    ..    .. 
1815    ..     .. 
1876    ..     .. 

2-99 
8*18 
8^ 
2-92 
8-64 

4-03 
4-16 
4-22 
4-20 
4D8 

2-92 
271 
276 
343 
3-21 

i-42 
1-80 
1-36 
2-23 

HeuM    .. 

8-28 

418            8*01 

1-68 

Dkgitunacy  in  England  and  Wales  appears  to 
be  commoner  than,  and  in  Scotland  more  than 
twioe  ai  common  as,  it  is  in  any  of  the  Austra- 
laaun  colonies  named.  In  Irehmd,  on  the  other 
littd,  iif  the  figures  are  reliable,  it  is  less  preva- 
lent than  in  any  of  those  colonies,  except  New 
Zealand.  This  will  be  observed  by  comparing 
tbe  following  table  with  the  previous  one  : — 

iLLKirmACT    IN    England,  Scotland,    and 
Ibsland,  1871  TO  1875. 


Illegitimate  Births  to  every 
100  Children  Bom. 


isn. 

1872. 
19(3. 

1874. 

urs. 


Mflsns 


England 

and 

Scotland. 

Ireland. 

Wales. 

6-6 

0-6 

27 

6-4 

91 

2-6 

6-2 

9-0 

2-4 

5D 

87 

2-3 

4-8 

8-6 

2-8 

6-20 

8-98 

2-44 

BLACK  THUKSDAY  (Victoria).  Memo- 
rably hot  day  in  Victoria ;  the  thermometer  was 
112^  in  the  shade,  and  the  whole  country 
wrapped  in  flames.  The  ashes  from  the  fire  at 
Haoedon,  46  miles  away,  fell  in  Melbourne ; 
Qttsy  had  to  leave  their  flocks  and  herds  and 
fiy  for  their  lives,  February  6,  1851. 

BUCK  WEDNESDAY  (Victoria).  This  day 
ns  ao  called  in  consequence  of  a  Ootfemment 
Ovette  being  issued  removing  Judges  of  the 
Ooonty  Courts,  Mines,  Insolvency,  &c.  ;  Police 
^I*SiBtrateSy  Coroners,  three  Greneral  Sessions 
PttisecntorB,  and  a  larse  number  of  the  Civil 
^^snts,  including  Mr.  Higginbotham,  En- 
0neer-in-Chief ;  Mr.  Archer,  Secretazj  for 
Isads ;  Mr.  Wardell,  Inspector-General  of  Pub- 
lic Works ;  Mr.  Guthrie,  Collector  of  Customs  ; 
Kr.  Gordon,  Engineer  of  Water  Supply,  and 
120  others.  January  9,  1878. 

BLAKD.Db.  [iSree"MENOFTHBTiMx"  {Bland).] 


BLAXLAND,  John.  A  piece  of  plate  was 
subscribed  for  the  Hon.  John  Blaxland  as  a 
testimony  ot  respect  for  his  independence  in 
the  Legislative  Council;  but  Mr.  Blaxland 
dying,  it  was  presented  with  a  suitable  address 
to  his  sons,  January  9,  1846. 

BIJGH,  Captain  William,  in  the  "Bounty," 
anchored  in  Adventure  Bav,  Van  Diemen's 
Land,  and  having  landed,  pumted  some  Euro- 
pean fruit  trees,  1788;  mutiny  of  the  "Bounty" 
April  28,  1789 ;  arrived  in  "New  South  Wales 
as  Governor,  Au^st  14,  1806  ;  reported 
and  arrested  by  Lieutenant  Minchm  and  sol- 
diers, Sergeant  John  Sutiierland,  and  Corporal 
Marlborough,  by  order  of  Major  Johnston, 
January  26,  1808.  As  a  condition  of  obtaining 
his  freedom,  entered  into  a  written  agreement 
with  Colonel  Paterson  to  embark  and  proceed 
direct  to  England  in  the  "  Porpoise,"  February 
4,  1809 ;  left  for  Tasmania,  February  20,  1809 ; 
reinstated,  January,  1810 ;  left  for  England, 
May  4,  1810  ;  arrived  in  England,  October  25, 
1810.  Died  in  En£^d  Dec  7,  1817.  [See 
"Bounty."] 

BIX)NDIN,  Australian.  [See  L'Eotranox.] 

BLONDIN.  First  appeared  in  Brisbane,  July 
25,  1874 ;  in  a  canvas  enclosure  (the  largest 
in  the  world),  first  exhibition  in  the  Domain, 
Sydney,  August  29,  1874 ;  first  appearance  in 
Melbourne,  November  4,  1874. 

BLUE  MOUNTAINS,  Crossing  of.  At- 
tempt made  to  cross  the  Blue  Mountains  by 
Lieutenant  Dawes  and  a  small  party,  December, 
1789 ;  several  unsuccessful  attempts  made  to 
cross  them  between  1789  and  1793 ;  Captain 
Paterson,  of  the  New  South  Wales  Corps,  the 
African  traveller,  began  his  attempt  to  cross 
them,  February  18,  1793 ;  Henry  Hacking, 
quarter-master  of  the  "  Sirius,"  with  two  com- 
panions, undertook  an  expedition,  and  pene- 
trated 20  miles  further  than  any  of  his  prede- 
cessors, passing  over  18  or  19  ridges  and  gullies, 
and,  seems  no  termination  to  the  moimtainous 
barriers  ana  deep  descending  chasms,  retracedhis 
steps,  retumingto  the  settlement  after  an  absence 
of  seven  days,  August,  1793 ;  second  expedition 
undertaken  by  Captain  Paterson,  the  party 
beine  supplied  with  arms  and  provisions  for  six 
weekis,  proceeded  up  the  Hawkesbury  ten  miles 
beyond  Kichmond,  when  the  rapidity  of  the 
current  and  trunks  of  trees  impeded  their 
further  progress,  and  their  boats  being  partially 
disabled,  they  returned,  a  variety  of  new  plants 
being  the  only  result  of  the  expedition,  1793 ; 
Wilron,  a  convict  (possessing  some  attainments), 
who  had  been  for  several  years  amongst  the 
blacks,  accompanied  by  a  free  man  (a  servant  of 
the  Governor),  successfully  crossed  the  Blue 
Mountains  as  far  as  a  river,  afterwards  known 
as  the  Lachlan,  1799  ;  Gregory  Blaxland, 
William  Charles  Wentworth,  and  Lieutenant 
William  Lawson  crossed  May,  1813 ;  Mr.  Geor^ 
William  Evans  made  a  tour  over  Uiem  and  dia- 
covered  the  Maoquarie  River,  February  12, 1814. 


42 


BOAT—BOWEN. 


MiLTTAUT  GvAiCD  AT.  A  aulitsiy  guard 
«tartdoned  near  ^e  ascent  of  the  mouiitaim,  and 
no  one  was  allowed  to  past  withont  a  irritlen 
permission  from  the  Grovennnent,  May  7,  l9Xb. 

BoAD  ACROSS.     [See  Soads.] 

BOAT.  First  boat  built  in  the  oolony  ^vras 
caUed  the  "Hose  Hill  Packet,"  1818. 

BOGAX  River.  Mr.  Dixon  visited  the  Bogan 
and  followed  it  down  67  miles,  October,  1833. 

BONG  BONG.    [See  Explorations.] 

BONNEY,  0.  Cnnmianoner  for  Oecftm  Lands 
(Soath  Australia),  1857. 

BOTANIC  GARDENS.  Opened  to  the  public 
April  30,  1838. 

BOTANY  BAY'.  A  brazen  tablet  at  Botanv 
Bay  erected  in  memory  of  Captain  Cook,  Mardi 
19,  1822. 

BOTANY  WATER  SUPPLY.  [See  Sydney.] 

"BOUNTY,"  H.M.S.,  Mutiny  op.  The 
"Bounty,"  under  Captain  William  Bli^,  was  an 
armed  ship  which  quitted  Otaheite  with  bread- 
fruit trees  April  7,  1789.  The  mutineers  put 
the  captain  and  eighteen  men  into  an  open  boat 
with  a  small  stock  of  provisions  near  one  of  the 
Friendly  IsUnds,  April  28, 1789.  These  reached 
the  island  of  Timor  after  a  voyage  of  3,500 
miles.  Ten  of  the  mutineers  were  tried  in 
September,  1792  ;  three  were  executed.  John 
Adams  and  eightothers  of  the  mutineers  removed 
from  Otaheite  to  Pitcaim's  Island,  where  20  years 
afterwards  John  Adams  and  the  descendants  of 
ilia  and  the  others  were  discovered.  The 
"Bounty"  was  burned  January  28,  1790.  Jofan 
Adams  died  March  5,  1829,  aged  65. 

Mutineers'  Descendants.  The  descendants 
of  John  Adams  and  the  other  mntineerB  of  the 
"  Bounty,"  to  the  number  of  198, — 96  males  and 
102  females,  removed  from  Pitcaim's  Island  to 
Norfolk  Island,  June,  1856.  Returned  to  tiieir 
original  home  in  two  parties,  in  1859  and  1864 ; 
they  now  ( 1879)  number  41  males  and  49  females, 
the  eldest  of  whom  is  Elizabeth  George,  88  years 
of  a^e,  a  daughter  of  one  of  the  nine  actmil 
mutmeers  who  took  part  in  the  events  of  1769. 

BOURKE,  Governor.  [See.  "Men  of  the 
Time"  (Bourkef  Sir  Richard).']  Reawns  for 
r^Hrement  of.  Mr.  Riddell,  -('olonial  Traa- 
mrer,  himng  been  nominated  by  one  section 
of  the  people  of  the  oolony  to  the  office  ttf 
Ohairman  of  Quarter  Sessions  {vire.  Foster  re- 
«igned),   and    contested    successfully   the  seat 

X'nst  the  other  candidate,  Mr.  Roger  Theny, 
was  the  favourite  of  the  Governor's  sup- 
porters, and  patronised  by  the  Governor,  Sur 
xUohard  Bourke  resented  Mr.  Riddell's  depar- 
ivre  from  official  propriety  by  removing  him 
from  his  seat  at  the  Executive  Council,  1835. 
On  the  matter  being  refenvd  Home,  Mr.  Rid- 
dell, Colonial  Treasurer,  was  rabistated  in  the 


Bsoostive  Council,  from  wbieh  ke  had  heoi 
suspended.  In  a  do^NBtch  from  Lord  Glenelg, 
it  was  considered  that  suspension  for  a  year  was 

Suite  sufficient  punishment  for  his  error  in 
Uowing  himself  to  be  nominated  a  candidate 
for  the  office  of  Chairman  of  Quarter  Senions 
in  1835.  The  Governor,  in  ififorming  the  Home 
Gowmment,  said  that  he  had  suspended  Mr. 
Riddell,  intimating  his  desire  of  retiring  in  the 
event  of  its  not  beins  oonfirmed.  In  a  demtoh, 
the  Secretaiy  of  State  earnestly  urged  the 
Governor  (Sir  Richard  Bourke)  not  to  persevere 
in  his  intention  of  resigning  ;  but  the  Govcmor 
was  determined  not  to  sit  in  the  Execntive 
Council  with  Mr.  Riddell,  and  intimated  to  the 
Home  Ctoverament  his  resolution  to  retire.  The 
acceptance  of  his  resignation  arrived  in  the 
colony  in  the  following  September;  resigned 
his  administeation  Deoonber  5,  and  embarked 
on  board  the  "Samuel  Winter"  for  England, 
having  administered  the  afiaira  of  the  ooloaj 
from  December  S,  1890 — ^juat  aeven  yean. 

Ovation  upon  reiirfment  of. 

Previous  to  his  departure,  a  meeting  was  held 
and  a  valedictory  address  to  his  ExceUency  was 
adopted,  in  which  referen<j&  was  made  totiie 
many  useful  reforms  affected  during  his  adminis- 
tration ;  amongst  them  were  the  severing  of  the 
connection  between  the  Govcnimcnt  and  the 
Press,  which  had  |M?evailed  up  to  the  time  of 
his  arrival ;  the  many  improvements  in  the 
colony,  and  "Use  projecting  the  Circular  Quay 
round  the  Cove.  At  this  meeting  it  was  at  once 
determined  to  erect  a  statue  to  the  retiring 
Governor,  and  a  sum  of  six  hundred  and  eighty 
pounds  were  collected  in  the  room  towards  the 
cost  of  the  proposed  memorial.  Other  addresses 
were  presented  to  him  from  the  LegislatiTe 
Council,  the  Roman  Catholic  and  Presbyterian 
clergy,  the  Synagogue,  the  officers  of  public 
departments,  the  School  of  Arts,  and  the  Free- 
masons* lodges.  He  was  accompanied  to  the 
place  of  embarkation  by  a  large  concourse,  in- 
cluding the  Church  of  finghmd  Bishop,  tiie 
clergy  of  various  denominations,  public  omciala, 
and  persons  of  all  grades  of  society. 

BOWEN,  Xady.  Outrageous  attack  on  Lady 
Bowen,  wife  of  the  Governor  of  Victoria,  by  an 
insane  woman  named  Esther  Gray.  As  Lady 
Bowen  was  entering  the  Athenieum,  MelboDnie, 
the  woman  struck  her  several  times  in  the  face, 
August  5,  1876. 

Presentation  of  magnificent  gold  l>racelet  to 
Lady  Bowen  by  the  ladies  of  Victoria,  prsvioiii 
to  her  departure,  February  20,  1870. 

BOWEN,  Lieutenant,  arrived  in  connDsod 
of  the  ''Atlantic,*'  transport,  from  SngliB^ 
AMgOMt^,  1701. 

BOWEN,  Towv  OtF,  QueenalaBd.  Kamsd  ia 
henour  of  Governor  Sir  G«ocge  Bowen;  fonnsi 
April  12,  1661. 

BOWEN,  Port,  Queensland.  Discovered  bjT 
Ftindera,  1802. 


wx}YD^'^gsjiAJsnmjL. 


AS 


BOYD,  Bqc JAMIN.  The  htgetit  «qnatter  of  his 
tme  in  Anrtralu ;  held  381,000  acree,  for  which 
he  paid  £W  lioenae  fees,  1^7.     [See  "JdsK  of 


BOYNE. 
1323. 


BiVBL     Discorered    Kora&bttr    7, 


BRANDS.  B^dstntion  Act  of  K  S.  W. 
ome  into  force,  January  1,  1867. 

BREMER,  Sib  Gordon.  Enedition  under 
GipUin  Sir  Gordon  Bremer,  to  Fort  Esaington, 
ia  k  M.  a  "  AUigator  "  and  "  Britomart. "  A 
eolony  established,  then  called  Victoria,  October 
r,1838. 

BE£WERI£&  The  first  ale  made  in  Aus- 
kilia  was  manufactured  by  Mr.  James  Squire 
U  retired  eoldier),  grandfather  of  James  Squire 
Faniell,  Esq.,  M.L.A.,  late  Premier  of  New 
Seath  Wales,  at  Kissing  Point,  Parramatta 
RiTer,  in  the  year  1795. 

BBICK&  First  bricks  made  in  New  South 
Wales,  at  Brickfield  Hill,  Sydney,  Maroh,  1788. 

BRIDGES.  First  bridge  commenoed  in  Aus- 
tniis  was  Buck  River  Bridge,  on  the  Sydney 
aadPanamatta  Boad,  N.  S.  Wales,  1796 ;  Boss 
Biidge,  Van  Diemen*8  Land,  completed,  Feb.  28, 
1822;  foundatuMi  stone  of  Ijandsdown  Bridge, 
Liverrool  Road,  N.  S.  Wales,  laid  by  His  Excel- 
leacy  the  Goremor,  J«i.  1,  1834  ;  opened  Jan. 
10, 1836 ;  first  stoue  bridge  in  N.  S.  Wales  over 
Itnck  River  opened  by  Governor  Bourke,  Jan. 
26,  1836;  Fitsroy  Bridge,  Goulbum,  N.  8. 
Waks,  opened,  1855  ;  (Xty  Bridge,  Adelaide, 
opeaed  1855 ;  Albury  Bridge,  over  the  Murray, 
October  3,  1861  ;  Brisbane  Bridge,  ibunda- 
tMo  isid,  Ausost  22,  1864 ;  Angaston  Bridge, 
SoBth  Austn£a,  opened  Dec.  6,  1865 ;  Gun- 
^agai  Bridge,  K.S.W.,  three-quarters  of  a  mile 
io  length,  cost  £45,000,  over  Mnrmmbid^ee, 
completed.  May,  1867 ;  the  Denison  Bndge 
At  Bathuret  was  swept  away  by  fiood,  June, 
1^;  the  Banken  Bridge  was  carried  away 
«w>i  after,  thus  cutting  off  all  conununica- 
^  with  Bathursfc  by  means  of  teams  —  lAie 
furners  about  Kelso  and  Peel  suffered  greatly 
ill  consequence,  June,  1867  ;  Freemantle  Bridge, 
Western  Australia,  opened,  Oct.  2,  1867; 
inflation  stone  of  Princess  Bridge,  Melbourne, 
M  March  20,  1869 ;  Victoria  Bridge,  Ade- 
aide,  opened  1870 ;  Victoria  Bridge,  costing 
^i%,Q05,  over  Brisbaae  Biver,  Queemdand, 
^'P^^Md  by  the  Marquis  of  Nonnanby,  June  15, 
^4;  new  brid^  over  the  Hawkesbocy,  at 
Windsor,  K.  S.  Wales  (length,  480  ft,  tiost 
flQl2aO),  opened  by  Hon.  John  Sutherland, 
Himster  for  Works,  Aug.  20,  1874 ;  bridge  over 
1^  MnmunlHdgee,  at  :£y,  N.  8.  Wales,  opened 
by  the  Hon.  Henry  Parkes,  M.L.A.,  Aug.  31, 
i^4 ;  the  Moruya  bridge,  K.  S.  Wales,  opened 
j>yMr.  Henry  Clarke,  M.L.A.,  Jan.  26,  1876  ; 
^dey  Railway  Bridge,  <over  the  Brirt>sne  Bivar, 
Qaeenriand,  opened  by  Gk»vemor  Gaims,  July 
^f  1S^76 ;   the  xbiaa  Bridge,  Tasmania,  opened 


July  18,  1876;  Albert;  Bridge,  over  Torrens, 
S.A.,  April,  1879.     [See  Railway  Bbidoes.] 

BBISBA37E.  First  settled  by  a  detachment  of 
soldiers,  '40th  Begiment,  and  a  gang  of  convicts, 
under  charge  of  Lieut  Miller,  August,  1824. 
First  land  sale  held  in  Brisbane,  August  9, 
1843 ;  first  Brisbane  School  of  Arts  opened, 
October  7,  1851 ;  first  public  meetine  in  favour 
of  s^aration  of  Moreton  Bay  from  N.  S.  Wales, 
1851  ;  banquet  given  in  honour  of  the  visit  of 
Sir  Charles  Fitn-oy,  Govemor-Greneral,  April  7, 
1854;  Municipality  formed,  1859;  first  daily 
paper  published,  Ma^r  13,  1861  ;  foundation 
stone  of  Town  Hall  hud,  Jan.  26,  1864 ;  water 
works  commenced,  August  18,  1864;  new  School 
of  Arte  opened,  July  16,  1866 ;  foundation  stone 
of  Grammar  School  laid  by  H.B.H.  Prince 
Alfred,  Feb.  29,  1868 ;  Chamber  of  Commeree 
established,  July  1,  1868;  Grammar  School 
opened,  Feb.  1,  1869. 

BRISBANE  DOWNS.  Jfi'f*' Monabo  Plains.] 

BRISBANE,  Commodore  Sir  James,  died 
Bee.  19, 1826.  ["The  name  of  Sir  James  Brisbane 
will  be  associated  with  an  event  which  forms  an 
interesting  epoch  in  the  annals  of  the  Colonies 
of  Australia — the  arrival  of  the  first  line  of 
battle  ship  in  the  harbour  of  Port  Jackson — and 
will  be  handed  down  with  it  as  a  record  io 
posterity." — Ertraot  from  Gcvemmeni  Order, 
Dec.  19,  1826.] 

BRISBANE,  Sir  Thobcas,  bom  in  Scotland, 
Governor  N.S.W.,  from  1821  to  1827  ;  a  lover  of 
astronomy ;  erected  observatory  in  Parramatta, 
and    took    active  part    in  scientific    pursuits. 

Bakquetb  to. 

Two  banquets  were  proposed  for  the  purpose 
of  in^dting  the  Governor,  previous  to  his  retire- 
ment, one  by  the  **  Aristocracy"  of  the  Colony, 
and  one  by  the  **  Emancipatists,"  who  formed 
the  two  classes  of  society.  The  former  at  the  time 
were  known  by  the  names  of  the  *'  Exclusion- 
ists,**  "  Aristocrats, *'  and  *'  Pure  Merinos."  The 
result  was,  that  the  Governor,  unwilling  to 
attend  both  invitations,  endeavoured  to  arrange 
l>otween  the  conflicting  parties,  and  ordered  a 
letter  to  be  written  to  the  Exclusionists'  Com- 
mittee, expressing  his  wish  that  six  individuals 
of  the  Emancipatists,  whose  names  were  given, 
should  be  invited  to  the  banquet.  Of  this  the 
committee  disapproved,  and  in  replying  to  the 
Governor's  letter  announced  the  painfm  neces- 
sity of  declining  any  further  preparation  for  Uie 
honour  of  his  Excellency's  company.  Hie  Eman- 
cipatists' party  completed  their  arrangements, 
and  a  banquet,  whdch  was  numsrously  attended, 
wasfliven  to  tiie  retiring  Govenior,  at  li^sah's 
Hotel,  Parramatta,  Oct.  31,  1827. 

BRISBANE,  Biter,  named  and  explored  liy 
Qxley,  Dec.  2,  1623. 

"BRITANNIA."    [&€ Wrecks.] 


44 


BROWN— BUSHBANGER& 


BROWN,  Robert,  botanist,  sailed  with'  Flin- 
ders, 1801. 

BRUNI  ISLAND,  Tasmania,  named  after 
Admiral  Bruni  D'Entrecasteaux,  1797. 

BUCKLEY,  William,  escaped  from  Ck>llins*s 
Port  Phillip  expedition,  Dec.  27,  1803,  and  re- 
mained with  the  blacks  32  years.  When  dis- 
covered in  1835,  he  could  scarcely  remember 
anv  of  his  native  lan^age;  his  hei^t  was 
6  feet  5  inches.  He  died  in  Hobart  Town  in 
1856. 

BULL-BAITING.  Whitsuntide  holidays  cele- 
brated at  Parramatta  by  cock-iiffhting  and 
boll-baiting.  At  the  latter  "  sport  a  number 
of  useful  dogs  were  killed  or  crippled,  June  11 
and  12,  1810. 

BULLOCKS.  Largest  m  Australia,  property 
of  Mr.  William  Edward  Colston,  of  Bama- 
wartha,  Victoria,  turned  the  scale  at  39481b,  or 
35cwt  Iqr  ;   height,  6ft  lin ;   length,   lift  9in  ; 

firth,  9ft  lOin ;  at  beUy,  10ft  llin ;  hocks,  2ft 
(in  ;   arm,  3ft ;   yoke,  7ft  8in  ;   age,  8  years, 
1878. 

BURDEKIN,  RiVBK.  Discovered,  March  22, 
1845. 

BURIAL-GROUND.  The  old  burial-ground 
in  George  and  Druitt  Street  was  closed,  and  the 
burial  ground,  at  what  was  then  called  the  Sand- 
hills, was  consecrated  by  the  principal  Chaplain, 
January  27,  1820.    [See  Cemeteries.] 

BURKE  AND  WILLS.  News  received  in 
Melbourne  of  the  death  of  Burke  and  Wills, 
October  10,  1861.  [See  *'M£N  of  the  Time" 
and  Australian  Land  Explorers.] 

BUSH  FIRES.  Great  bush  fires  and  intense 
heat  throughout  Victoria,  causing  the  day  to  be 
long  afterwards  remembered  as  *' Black  Thurs- 
day," February  6,  1851.  Disastrous  bush  fires 
throughout  the  South  and  West  of  N.  S.  Wales, 
in  January,  1870,  fires  bumins  on  each  side  of 
the  line  on  tiie  Southern  railway,  the  railway 
porters  and  others  beating  it  out  with  bushes, 
and  waiting  at  the  stations  with  water  for  the 
passengers  to  drink,  and  a  truck  on  the  Goulbum 
train  catching  fire  near  Liverpool,  January  18, 
1870.  Disastrous  bush  fires  (accompanied  by 
drought)  occurred  throughout  N.  S.  \Vales  and 
Queensland,  December,  1874,  to  February,  1875. 

BUSHRANGERS. 

Clarke,  John,  Robbery  under  arms,  at  Michel- 
ago,  of  Levy's  store,  Michelaflo,  June  1,  1866 ; 
robbery  of  the  mail  near  Moruya,  July  16 ; 
of  W.  &  J.  Morris's  and  John  King's  stores,  at 
Mudmelong,  July  16 ;  of  the  Yass  mail,  July 
27  ;  of  F.  H.  Wilson,  Esq.,  at  Manar,  July  24 ; 
of  the  Boro  mtul,  July  30;  of  Messrs.  Myers 
and  Bad|B;ery,  at  Jembaicumbene,  August  27  ;  of 
John   ]£e]ungs,   at  Foxlow,  August  23,    and 


again  on  September  10 ;  of  Guelcfa  and  BaSsf, 
at  Long  Flat,  September  25  ;  of  Joseph  Tsjior, 
at  little  Bombay,  October  20 ;  of  Messrs.  Smitdi 
and  Dawson,  on  Braidwood  road,  October  22 ; 
of  a  number  of  Chinamen,  on  the  Araluen  Moun- 
tains, October  28 ;  of  Ah  How,  at  Jembaicum- 
bene, November  20 ;  of  Chong  Chang,  at  Major's 
Creek,  November  20  ;  of  the  Yass  mail,  Decem- 
ber 7  ;  of  a  Chinaman,  at  Mudmelong,  December 
31 ;  of  John  Hyland,  at  Crown  Flat,  December 
31  ;  suspected  of  assisting  to  murder  the  four 
special  constables,  at  Jindera,  January  9,  1867 ; 
of  Hornby  and  others,  on  the  Araluen  Mountains, 
January  15 ;  of  Henry  Lamb  and  Chowry,  Mon- 
earlon  road,  January  14  ;  of  G.  Myers,  at  Jem- 
baicumbene, Jaimary  26  ;  of  the  Yass  mail, 
January  27  ;  of  the  Goulbum  mail,  February  22 ; 
of  Fraser's  store,  at  Gundaroo,  March  2  ;  of  F. 
Louise,  at  Bungendore,  March  4  ;   of  Williams, 

gublican,  at  Boro,  March  7 ;  feloniously  woumleil 
instable  Walsh  and  the  black  tracker,  Sir 
Watkin,  when  being  captured  at  Jindera,  April 
27  ;  tried  at  Central  Criminal  Court,  Sydney, 
May  29,  1867  ;  executed  at  Darlinghurst,  Jane 
25,  1867. 

Clarke,  Thomas.  Escaped  from  Braidwood 
Gaol,  whilst  under  oonunittal  for  robbery,  being 
armed,  October  3,  1865  ;  stole  a  horse  from  C. 
E.  Dransfield,  at  Jembaicumbene,  October  27 ; 
stole  a  horse  from  Mulligan,  at  Jembaicumbene, 
December  1 ;  stole  a  horse  from  John  Mallon, 
of  Mericumbene,  December  13  ;  robbery  of  Mr. 
Hoskings,  at  Foxlow,  December  29 ;  of  Sum- 
mer's store,  at  Jembaicumbene,  January  13, 
1866 ;  of  Frazer  &  Matthison,  on  Major's  Creek 
Mountain,  January  13 ;  of  the  Araluen  and 
Braidwood  mail,  Januaiy  15  ;  of  the  Post-Office 
at  Michelago,  February  13 ;  of  John  M'Elroy,  at 
Manar,  F^ruary  10 ;  of  Ed.  Eaton,  at  Crown 
Flat,  Februarv  23;  of  Cullen  and  Harnett, 
near  Cooma,  March  22;  of  the  Nerrigundah 
mail  (Mr.  John  Emmett  wounded),  April  9; 
murder  of  Miles  O'Grady,  at  Nerrignnoah,  for 
which  he  was  outlawed,  April  9;  robbery  of 
Morris's  store  at  Mudmelong,  February  23 ;  of 
Armstrong's  store,  at  Araluen,  May  22  ;  of  Levy 
and  others,  at  Michelago,  June  1 ;  of  Thomu 
Wall,  at  Jindera,  July  4 ;  of  the  Moruya  mail 
(mailboy's  horse  taken),  Julv  16  ;  of  King  and 
Morris's,  at  Mudmelong,  Julv  16  ;  fired  at  the 
Ballalaba  police,  July  17 ;  robbery  of  the  Yass 
mail,  July  27  ;  of  the  Queanbeyan  mail,  July  30; 
of  F.  H.  Wilson,  at  Manar  Stotion,  July  24 ;  of 
Hosking's,  at  Foxlow,  August  22,  and  also  Sep- 
tember 10 ;  of  Myers  and  Badgery,  at  Jembai- 
cumbene, August  27 ;  of  a  Chinaman,  on  the 
Araluen  Moimtain,  October  9;  of  Jose^ 
Taylor,  at  Little  Bombay,  October  20 ;  of  R. 
Smith  and  T.  Dawson,  on  Braidwood  road, 
October  22;  of  a  number  of  Chinese,  on  the 
Araluen  Mountain,  October  28  ;  of  a  Chinaman, 
at  Jembaictmibene,  November  20 ;  of  a  nnmW 
of  Chinamen,  at  Major's  Creek,  November  20 ; 
of  the  Yass  mail,  at  Razorback,  December  7 ;  of 
a  Chinaman,  at  Mudmelong,  December  31 ;  of 
attempt  to  rob  James  Hyland,  at  Crown  Flat, 
December  31 ;  suspected  of  murdering  the  four 


BUSHBANGERS. 


45 


special  ooDstablas  at  Jindera,  January  9,  1867  ; 
d  robbery  of  John  Hornby,  on  the  Araluen 
MounUin,  January  15  ;  of  Chowry  and  Lunb, 
at  Mougarlo,  Jannary  14 ;  of  James  Myers,  at 
Jembaicnmbene,  January  26  ;  of  the  Goulbum 
mail,  February  22  ;  of  the  Yass  mail,  Januaiy 
£ ;  of  Ftazer*8  store,  at  Gundaroo,  March  2 ;  of 
Mr.  Williams,  at  Boro,  March  7 ;  feloniously 
Toanding  Constable  Walsh  and  Sir  Watkin,  the 
black  tracker,  when  being  captured  at  Jindera, 
April  27,  for  which  they  were  tried  at  the 
Central  Criminal  Court,  May  29 ;  executed  June 
25. 1867. 

Doiu^ioe,  John.  A  native  of  Dublin,  arrived, 
a  prisoner,  in  the  colony  by  the  "Ann  and 
Amelia,"  1825.  Soon  afterwards  escaped,  and 
took  to  the  bush ;  depredations  committed  chieflv 
in  the  vicinity  of  Liverpool,  Penrith,  and  Wind- 
sor ;  was  joined  by  ten  or  twelve  others,  forming 
i  band  that  earned  terror  through  all  the  more 
popnloos  parts  of  the  interior  during  1828  and 
1^29;  shot  dead,  in  a  skirmish,  by  a  soldier 
maed  Mag^leton,  at  Raby,  September  1,  1830  ; 
several  of  his  companions  afterwards  caught  and 
eiecated.  Dononoe  was  5  feet  4  indies  in 
luaght,  and  had  flaxen  hair  and  blue  eyes. 

i>inatj  John,  One  of  the  Gardiner  gang  of  bush- 
iv^era,  captured  on  the  Marthaguy  Creek,  be- 
bw  Dabbo,  by  Constable  James  A.  G.  M*HiJe, 
usisted  by  Senior-Constable  Elliot  and  Con- 
stable  Hawthorn  ;  Dunn  shot  M'Hale  in  the  leg, 
sod  was  himself  wounded  and  afterwards  tri^ 
a&d  hanged  at  Darlinghurst,  December  24,  1865. 
(*>»  Executions.] 

ihrdiner,  Francis.  Commonly  known  as 
"Frank  Gadndiner,"  aMas  Christie,  o/icM  Clarke  ; 
H«ni  at  Boro  Creek,  near  Goulbum,  New  South 
^ales,  in  1830,  height5feet8jt inches,  brownhair, 
tiUow  complexion,  hazel  eyes  ;  was  first  tried  on 
tie  2l8t  and  22nd  October,  1850,  at  the  Geelong 
Circiiit  Court,  Victoria,  on  a  charge  of  horse- 
s^ing,  for  which  he  received  a  sentence  of  five 
Tears'  imprisonment  with  hard  labour.  On  the 
'^b  &Iaroh,  1851,  he  escaped  from  Pentridse 
prison,  Victoria,  and  was  next  convicted  at  the 
'j<jull)nni  Circuit  Court,  New  South  Wales,  on 
17th  March,  1854,  on  two  charges  of  horse-steal- 
My  for  which  he  received  two  sentences  of 
seven  years  each  on  the  roads.  He  obtained  a 
ticket-of. leave  for  Carcoar  on  31st  December, 
1959,  bat  it  was  cancelled  on  5th  May,  1861,  for 
^b*eace  from  district  and  being  suspected  of 
cattle-stealing.  For  several  years  he  kept  a 
great  part  m  the  country  in  terror  by  his  law- 
^  deeds,  aided  by  a  gans  of  ruffians  that  he 
got  together,  the  names  m.  the  principal  ones 
^■eing  Gilbert,  O'Malley,  Hall,  and  Dunn.  No 
^  than  six  mail  robberies  under  arms  wero 
coQunitted  by  him,  and  scores  of  persons  wero 
Wled  up  and  plunderod.  The  most  memorable 
orimes  were  the  robbery  of  the  gold  escort  from 
the  lAchlan  at  Eugowra,  in  1862,  when  the 
three  polioe  wero  overpowered  by  a  large 
AQi^ber  of  ruffians,  several  thousands  of  ounces 
^j^  gold  stolen;  and  the  shootin^^  and  wounding 
^  Troopers  Middleton  and  Hosie  in  a  desperate 
e&coanter  with  the  gang.        Notwithstanding 


the  efiforts  of  the  New  South  Wales  Polioe, 
Gardiner  escaped  out  of  the  country  into  the 
neighbouring  colony  of  Queensland,  and  he  set 
up  business  as  a  storekeeper,  and  successfully 
carried  it  on  for  two  years  at  a  place  caUed 
Apis  Creek,  on  the  roaa  from  Rockhampton  to 
the  Peak  Downs,  where  he  was  captured  by 
Constables  Pye,  McGlone,  and  Wells,  in  Feb- 
ruanr,  1864.  He  was  brought  to  SydLney,  uid 
tried  and  convicted  before  Sir  Alfred  Stephen  on 
the  8th  July  of  that  year  for  the  wounding  of 
Trooper  Hosie  and  the  robbery  of  Messrs. 
Hewett  and  Horsington.  For  these  offences  he 
received  sentences  amounting  te  32  years'  hard 
labour.  In  consequence  of  strong  pressure  being 
brought  to  bear  upon  the  Executive  and  the 
Governor,  Gardiner  was  released  from  prison  in 
July,  1874,  on  condition  that  he  left  the  colony, 
and  accordingly  he  went  to  America,  where  he 
now  ( 1879)is.  Mrs.  Brown,  Gardiner's  paramour, 
was  the  wife  of  a  respectable  settler ;  havinff 
been  seduced  by  Gardmer,  she  left  her  husband 
and  family,  breaking  up  a  comfortable  home, 
and  lived  with  the  outlaw  until  he  was  captured. 
She  afterwards  went  to  New  Zealand  and  died 
a  violent  death  by  her  own  hands  on  the  Thames 
gold-fields  in  1868. 

Oiiberty  John,  native  of  Canada,  and  the  son  of 
an  old  soldier,  came  when  a  boy  to  New 
South  Wales  with  his  father.  He  was  engaged 
as  stockman  on  a  station  near  Marengo,  from. 
which  place,  lured  by  the  false  colouring  given 
to  bushransing  in  the  neighbourhood,  he,  in 
1862,  joinea  Gardiner's  gang ;  he  was  present  at 
the  sticking  up  of  the  gold  escort  in  June  of  tiiat 
year,  and  subsequently,  when  Gardiner  had  left 
the  gang,  he,  in  company  with  Ben  Hall  and 
John  Dunn,  made  their  names  a  terror  to  the 
country  ;  he  with  his  own  hand  shot  Sergeant 
Parry  who,  deserted  by  his  comrades,  attempted 
to  defend  the  Gundagai  mail  of  November  16, 
1863  ;  on  May  13,  1865,  being  betrayed  by  the 
farmer  in  whose  house  he  and  his  comrade  John 
Dunn  had  taken  shelter  for  the  night,  he  was 
shot  in  an  encounter  by  a  constable  named  John 
Bricht,  who,  in  company  with  Senior  Consteble 
HaJ^  and  Consteble  Kins,  were  brought  to  the 
spot  by  the  informer.  Jonn  Gilbert  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  about  22  or  23  years  of  age. 

IfcUl,  Benjamin,  was  for  some  years  a  small 
squatter  in  the  Lachlan  district,  when  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  Francis  Gardiner,  then  a 
ticket-of -leave  man  who  was  engaged  in  the  oc- 
cupation of  a  buteher.  He  was  for  a  long  time 
suspected  by  the  police  as  being  an  accomplice 
of  this  man  and  his  gang,  and  the  close  super- 
vision under  which  he  was  kept,  together  with 
the  alleged  misconduct  of  his  wife,  at  length 
drove  hmi  to  desperation,  and  he  openly  joined 
Gardmer.  On  the  retirement  of  the  latter  from 
bis  lawless  career,  Hall  assumed  command,  and 
in  company  with  Gilbert  and  Dunn,  became  the 
terror  of  the  Goulbum  and  Lachlan  Districte. 
At  length  he  determined  to  relinquish  his 
desperate  life,  and  leaving  Dunn  and  GUbcat, 
applied  to  a  connection,  in  whose  hands  he  had 
plaoed  some  money  for  safe  keeping,  for  the 


4«- 


BUSHRANfIEB& 


amonst.  This  mao^  under  prctenoe  o£  going 
into  Forbes  ta  obtain  the  money  from  the  bank, 
ravealed  to  the  polioe  HaWs  hiain^  plaoB,  whieh 
Hiery,  under  Sub-lnspeetor  DavidjBon,  doaely 
suEEDuncled  at  night,  and  as  Hall  arose  the  nsxt 
laoming.  May  5»  1865,  his  bodv  was  riddled  witi& 
skiga^  as  many  as  34  woimas  bein^  counted. 
£1,000  reward  had  been  offered  for  his  captnso, 
£560  of  which  his  betrayer  received,  the  oAet 
half  being  divided  amongst  the  police  present  at 

Howe,  Michael,  Notorious  bushranger  in  Van 
Diemen's  Land,  shot  by  Private  W.  Pugh,  and 
captured  October  21, 1818.  [See  Bushxamqiiio, 
Fan  Ditmen'a  Land.] 

Kelly  Gking,  The.  Constable  Fitzpstriok,  of 
Benalla,  Victoria,  whilst  aoned  witi&  a  wsrraat 
to  arrest  Daniel  Kelly,  was  overpowosed  at 
Kelly's  house  by  the  prisoner,  his  brother  Ned, 
his  mother,  and  two  men,  named  Williamson 
amd  Skillion.  The  constable  was  maltreated  and 
ixndered  insensible,  but  allowBd  to  depart  on 
Bolflmnly  prominng  not  to  report  the  occurrence. 
1^  three  latter  were  sobaequently  impriaonsd 
fbr  the  crime ;  the  brothars  Kelly  took  to  the 
hnah  April  15,  1878,  and  thus  originated  the 
Kelly  Gang,  consisting  of  Edward  Kelly  (native 
of  Victoria,  aged  27),  Daniel  Kelly  (nativo  of 
Victoria,  aged  18),  Stephen  Hart  (native  of  Fish 
Biver,  New  South  Wues,  seed  20),  and  Joseph 
Byrnes  (aged  21).  Ned  K^y  had,  as  far  back 
as  1870,  been  arrested  by  the  police  of  the  Ovens 
District,  Victoria,  on  suspicion  of  having  been 
an  accomplice  of  the  bushranger  Power.  A 
iBward  of  £100  was  offered  by  the  Gk>vemment 
of  Victoria  for  the  capture  of  Daniel  Kelly,  for 
dbooting  Constable  Pitzpatrick,  April,  1878; 
their  next  reported  act  was  the  murder  at  Strin^^ 
Baark  Creek,  Wombat  Ranffes,  near  Mansfield, 
Victoria,  of  Sergeant  Michael  Kennedy,  and 
Gonstables  Seaman  and  Lonergan,  by  shooting, 
October  26,  1878.  On  October  30,  the  mng 
were  outlawed,  and  a  reward  of  £500  offered  by 
the  Victorian  Government  for  the  capture  of 
each  of  them,  dead  or  alive.  Stuck  up  Taithful 
Creek  Station,  near  Knxoa,  December  9 ; 
robbed  the  bank  of  Victoria,  at  Euros,  of  £2,000, 
December  10;  stuck  up  the  Police  Barracks  at 
Jerilderie,  New  South  Wale8>  and  bailed  up  the 
polioe,  Saturdaveveningneannidnight,  February 
8y  1870;  paraded  through  the  township,  held 
possession  of  it  for  two  aays,  keeping  the  police 
m  charge  prisoners  in  the  lockup,  cutting  the 
teleffra^  wires,  and  generally  terrifying  the 
inhwitants,  robbing  the  bank  of  £2,000,  and 
burning  someof  its  valuable  documents,  February 
10;  1879.     [See  Rbwaxss  K)b  Caftusb  of.] 

MaegregoTy  alias  the  Wild  Seotehman^  was  the 
most  notorious  bushranffer  in  Queensland ;  he 
oame  originally  from  New  South  Wales,  and 
canied  on  for  some  time  his  depredations  single- 
handed.  As  there  was  but  little  gold  at  that 
time  discovered  in  the  colony,  his  raids  were 
principally  on  stations  and  travellers  ;  was  ci^ 
tured  once,  but  managed  to  effect  his  escape  on 
his  way  to  Bockhampton  Gaol ;  at  last  was,  aiter 
&chase  of  eighty  mUes,  captured  by  two  magis* 


trates,  who  maiiagisd  to  obtsin  finesk  hones  st 
various  stations  on  tiie  road  whilst  Macgregor 
had  but  the  one ;  he  was  safely  conveyed  to 
Brisbane,  where  he  was  sentenced  to  twenty 
years'  hard  Ubour,  1863. 

MelvUle,  Captain,  Bom  at  sea.  This  notorioos 
soeundrri,  who  gained  some  s^rmpathv  from  s 
few,  for  hjs  being  the  most  daring  of  Victonan 
bushrangers,  di^  by  his  own  nsnd  in  the 
Melbonme  Gaol^  at  the  age  of  35,  Aufost  12, 
1859.  He  was  underisoinff  lus  sentence  of  thirty* 


two  years'  hard  labour  when  he  headed  the  fint 
outbreak  of  convicts  at  Williamstown,  which  re- 
sulted in  the  death  of  a  boatman,  Owen  Owens, 
whom  he  was  accused  of  having  killed  with  & 
hammer,  and  for  which  he  was  sentenced  to 
desth  at  Melbourne^  November  21,  1856;  be 
was  respited,  but  before  the  intelligence  arrived 
he  had  stranded  himsell 

Mmyam,  IkaiMj  carried  the   palm  over  all 
bushran^rs  for  cool  audacity  and  blood-thtrsd- 
ness.   His  murdenras  exploits  at  the  Bound  Hill 
Station  were  never  equalled  in  Australia.    Fixe 
hundred  pounds  rewud  was  oifered  by  the  Nev 
South  Wales  Government  for  his  apprehension, 
Januarys,  1864.    In  June,  1864,  he  shot  Ser- 
ffeant  M'Giniiity  dead,  and  took  his  horse  anil 
mrearms.     Verdict  of  the  wilful  murder  of  John 
M'Lean  returned  against  him,  June  23,  1S64, 
anda  reward  of  £1,000  was  (^Eioed  iae  his  arrest 
by  the   New  South  Wales  Government,  June 
27.     In  the  following  September  he  shot  Ser- 
&»ant  Smith,  who  died  a  few  days  afterwards. 
Keward  offered  for  his  apprehension  by  GoTera- 
mentinoreasedto£l,500,March8, 1865.  On  April 
6,  1865,  put  in  force  a  threat  often  attributed  to 
him  of  making  a  raid  upon  Victmian  territoiy— 
and  he  stuck  up  the  station  of  Mr.  Erans  at 
Whitefield.   Several  carrien  were  also  bailed  up 
on  the  road  near  Wilton.    On  April  9  follow- 
ing, Morgan  reached  Mr.  M'Pherson's  house  at 
t^e  Peechelba  Station,  about  twenty  miles  from 
Wangaratta.      He  immediatriy  bailed    up  all 
whom  he  found  on  the  station.     But  a  servant 
girl  ran  to  the  house  of  Mr.  Rutherford,  a  part* 
ner  of  Mr.  MTherson's,  situated  at  a  distance  of 
400  yards.    A  man  was  deqiatched  to  Wanga- 
ratta, and  the  police  force  arrived,  which,  com- 
bined with  Mr.  Rutherford's  men,  made  a  party 
of  about  28  men.    Morsan,  meanwhile,  unsos- 
peotingly  was  spending  tiie  nig^t  in  a  &ee  and 
easy  manner,  Mrs.  M'Pherson  playing  on  the 
piano.    In  the  morning,  after  reconnoitring  in 
the  front  of  the  house,  he  prepared  to  start.  The 
force  had  been  carehdly  posted  in  ambush  all 
round  the  plaoe.  After  having  duly  breakfasted, 
Morgan  left ;  Mr.  M'Pheraon  and  three  others 
flRiin^  with  him  to  the  paddock  to  get  a  mare. 
On.  his  way  he  approached  within  10(>  yards  of  the 
ambush  of  John  Qninlan,  a  labouring  man,  who 
jumped  from  behind  a  tree  and  shot  the  bosh- 
ranger  through  the  back.    He  died  a  few  hoars 
aftnwards,  without  confessing  anything.    Next 
day  an  inquest  was  held  on  the  body,  and  the 
jury  returned  a  verdict  of  justifiable  homicide. 

Power,  Henry,  stuck  up  iha  mail  coach  near 
PoreJBukka,  in  the  Ovens  District,  May  7,  IS69; 


BGHBRANCkEBS. 


47 


stack  op  the  Booklaad  nuul  ooach  within,  fiw 
milfii  of  BeeelMPOfftiL.  Tha  GovamnMiit  of  Via- 
tona  offered  £500  for  hiB  arrest,  August  28, 
IS69;  captured  by  Superintendents  ^eholson 
ind  Hare  and  Sergeant  Montford,  whilst  asleep 
in  a  hot  on  the  Glenmore  Ranges,  at  the  head  of 
the  King  Riyer,  Yictoiia ;  there  was  a  revoWer 
by  his  aide,  and  a  sun  close  to  his  head  (he 
{Opposed  that  he  was  oetrayed  by  Edward  Kelly, 
who  turned  oat  bushranger  in  the  same  locality), 
Joiie  5, 1870.  FV>nnd  guilty  at  the  Beechworth 
Afiueson  three  charges  of  roobery,  and  sentenced 
to  five  years*  imprisonment  on  each  charge,  sen- 
tences to  be  cumulative.  He  showed  braviulo  in 
Coort,  and  on  being  sentenced  requested  the 
Judge  to  "  draw  it  mild":  August  2,  1870. 

P(ul4y  Jokn^  a  notorious  scoundrel  at  whose 
house,  in  the  western  district,  it  is  supposed  the 
Gardiner  gang  received  assistaiice,  encouzage- 
ment,  and  support.  Peisley  was  tned  and  con- 
victed of  mnraer,  and  executed  at  Bathuzst 
April  2a,  1862. 

Thunderbolt.     [See  Ward.] 

IVolnuley,  one  of  Donohoe's  gang,  was  cap- 
tored  afterasbght  resistance,  and  was  condemned 
to  death ;  waa,  however,  pardoned  by  the  Gtover- 
Dor,  in  consequence  of  disclosures  he  made  as  to 
the  receivers  of  the  booty  taken  by  this  gang  (it 
«a2  chiefly  on  his  evidence  several  convictions 
of  nioeiven  subsequently  took  place),  January 
5. 1831. 

Ward^  Frederidt,  alias  Captain  ThtmderboU, 
vaa  a  stockman  on  Barney  Downs  Station,  in 
tbe  New  England  District ;  wasasplendid  horse- 
man, and  a  man  of  cool,  determmed  courage. 
^MiiLst  serving  a  sentexice  he  escaped  from 
Cockatoo  Island.  For  some  years  he  set  at 
littiance  the  authorities  in  New  England.  He 
once  stuck  up  a  Grerman  band  in  the  €kK>noo 
t  nx)noo  gap,  and  as  they  pleaded  hard  for  their 
money,  he  praniiaed  that  if  he  should  snoceed  in 
robbing  the  principal  winner  at  the  Tenterfield 
races,  iqt  whom  he  was  on  the  look-out,  he  would 
return  their  money,  which  promise  he  faithfully 
kept  by  sending  to  themr  much  to  their  aatenish' 
nrnit,  to  the  post  office  at  Warwick,  the  £20  he 
had  taken  nom  them.  Subsequently,  when 
at  a  public  house  at  Uralla,  he  was  but- 
iriaed  t>y  two  policemen ;  instead  ol  mounting 
his  own  horse  he  jumped  on  one  belonging  to  a 
hawker,  which  turned  out  a  bad  one  ;  a  chase 
ensued.  One  oonatable's  home  ran  away  with 
b.s  nder  ;  the  other  constable  (Alexander  B. 
Walker),  a  brave  young  fellow  now  sub-inspector, 
rcMle  Thunderbolt  down  to  a  wateihole,  when  a 
desperate  duel  ensued,  resulting  in  the  death  of 
Thunderbolt,  May  25,  1870. 

Wetibtr^  one  of  the  gang  commanded  by 
Dooohoe,  who  was  shot  by  the  pcdice,  was  cap- 
tured (subsequently  condemned  and  executed), 
JoBoacy  16,  1881. 

WtMwoodf  WUUam  Jokn^  known  as  Jaxkey 
Jnrhftf,  was  not,  as  is  from  his  cognomen 
generally  supposed,  an  aboriginal.  He  was  the 
»JD  of  a  farmer  in  County  Kent,  and  was 
transported  to  New  South  Wales  in  1837,  when 
he  woe  sMogned  to  Mr.  Plulip  King,  at  Gidleigh, 


1840  ;  bst  absconded  fr(Hn  his  emplc^ment,  took 
to  the  bush,  and  joined  a  most  determined 
scoundrel  and  murderer  named  Paddy  Curran, 
who  was  hanged  at  Berrima  in  1841 ;  this  man 
Curran  attempting  to  ill-treat  a  married  woman, 
Jackey  Jackey  defended  her  and  threatened  to 
take  Curran's  life  for  the  base  act  and  then  left 
him,  taking  his  horse,  arms,  and  ammunition, 
and  thencerorward  he  carried  on  his  "professian  " 
single-handed.  Jackey  Jackey  had  been  ar* 
rested  near  Goulbnm,  and  when  being  escorted 
from  there  in  June,  1841,  he  escaped  from  the 
Bargo  lock-up,  taking  the  arms  and  accoutre^ 
menta  of  one  of  the  police.  A  day  or  two 
afterwards  he  stuck  up  Mr.  Francis  M 'Arthur, 
and  took  from  his  carriage  on  the  Goulbum 
Plains  a  fme  horse,  and  he  then  proceeded  to 
Gray's  Inn,  called  t^e  "  Blaek  Horse,"  some  ten 
miles  from  Berrima,  where  he  was  set  upon  by 
Mr.  Gray,  Mrs.  and  Miss  Gray  (the  latter  show- 
ing extraordinary  bravery),  and  a  carpenter 
named  Waters,  and  captured  after  being  struck 
on  tile  head  with  a  shingling  axe  by  the  latter. 
The  reward  of  £30  ofifered  for  his  apprehension 
was  paid  to  Gray,  and  the  convict  Waters 
received  his  pardon.  Jackey  was  sentenced  to 
imprisonment  for  life,  and  after  an  attempt  to 
escape  from  Darllnghurst  was  sent  to  Cockatoo 
Island,  Parramatta  River,  K.S.W.,  from  which 
jrface  he,  with  twenty-five  other  desperadoes, 
attempted  to  escape  by  swimming  to  &e  main» 
land,  but  were  followed  by  the  police  in  their 
boat,  and  all  captured.  Jackey  was  then  sent 
to  Tasmania  on  board  the  brig  ''Governor 
Phillip."  The  prisoners  were  confined  in  the 
hold,  nearly  naked  and  chained  to  a  cable,  but 
on  the  way  they  managed  to  get  loose  and 
attempted  a  mutiny,  and  it  was  with  the 
great^  difficulty  they  were  landed  at  Hobart 
Town,  whence  they  were  sent  to  Port  Arthur  ; 
there  Jackey  JacKey  again  escaped,  but  after 
nine  days'  starvation  was  captured,  one  of  his 
comrades,  Frank  Bailey,  being  shot.  Twelve 
months  afterwards  he  again  succeeded  in  makina 
his  escape  to  the  mainland,  but  was  captnrea 
and  placed  in  Hobart  Town  gaol  and  thence 
forwarded  to  Norfolk  Island,  where,  on  July 
20,  1846,  nearly  all  the  prisoners  imder  Jackey 
mutined.  They  murdered  the  overseers,  and 
then,  to  the  number  of  several  hundreds,  inarched 
in  military  form  towards  Government  House, 
under  the  command  of  Jackey.  On  the  road, 
however,  they  were  charged  by  the  soldiers,  and 
at  last  made  prisoners*  The  principals  in  this 
rising  were  tned,  and  eighteen  of  them,  including 
Jackey  Jackey,  were  executed. 

WilHams,  Thomas^  was  a  convict  sent  to 
Tasmania  ;  when  his  sentence  expired  he  went 
to  Victoria  and  became  a  bushranger  ;  was 
caught  and  convicted  on  three  charges  of  high- 
way robbery,  for  which  he  received  sentencea 
amounting  to  30  years'  imprisonment. 

Nbw  Zealand. — Oarrett,  Henry,  alias  Route, 
a  liberated  Victorian  felon,  arrived  in  New 
Zealand,  and  at  once  took  to  the  bush  in  the 
Maongatiou  Baaiges,  sticking  up  twenty-three 


48 


BUSHRANGER& 


persons  in  one  day ;  was  captured,  and  sentenced 
to  eight  years'  imprisonment,  1861.  [See  CitncEB 
{Henry  OarreU,)] 

[See  BusHRANOiNO,  Various  Acttb  or.] 

Medals  tor  Brayert  in  Rssistino  and 
Capturing. 

Medals,  Gold  and  Silver,  which  were  ordered 
by  Sir  Charles  Cowper  in  1870,  were  in  1875 
issued  by  the  Honorable  the  Colonial  Secretary, 
New  South  Wales,  to  the  following  recipients,  m 
reooffnition  of  the  bravery  displayed  by  them  in 
conmcts  with  bushrangers  aurmg  the  years 
1863,  1864,  and  1866.  The  gold  medals  were 
ffiven  to  private  colonists,  and  silver  medals 
for  distribution  among  the  most  meritorious 
of  the  constabulary.  On  the  obverse  side 
is  tiie  head  of  the  Queen,  with  the  words 
"  The  Colony  of  New  South  Wales,"  on  the 
reverse  the  Australian  Coat  of  Arms,  below 
which  is  inscribed  the  name  of  the  recipient  of 
the  medal,  and  a  wreath  of  flowers  and  foliage 
of  the  banksia,  the  whole  being  surrounded  by 
the  words  "Granted  for  gallant  and  faithful 
services."  The  gold  medals  were  struck  at  the 
Sydney  Mint. 

Gola  Medals  were  awarded  to  : — Robert  Lotce, 
Esq.,  Mudgee,  who  shot  a  bushranger  named 
Heather,  near  Slapdash,  April  7,  1863;  Henry 
Bayliss,  P.M.,  who  was  dangerously  wounded, 
August  21, 1863,  whilst  acting  as  a  volunteer  in 
pursuit  of  the  bushranger  Morgan,  and  who 
IS  supposed  to  have  shot  or  caused  tiie  death  of 
Morffan's  mate;  David  Campbell,  J. P.,  who 
shot  Dushranger  O'Meally,  one  of  Gilbert's  gang, 
at  Goimbla,  near  Toogong,  on  the  night  of 
November  20,  1863;  H.  M.  KeighUey,  P.M, 
Wellington,  who  killed  the  bushranger  Burke, 
near  ^kley,  October  26,  1863  ;  WUliam 
Macleay,  of  Elizabeth  Bay,  who  resisted  and 
beat  off  Gilbert*s  gang  from  Plumb's  Inn,  near 
Goulbum,  December  19,  1864 ;  J.  P.  Oren/ell, 
Crown  Lands  Commissioner,  deceased,  who  was 
fatally  wounded  after  a  desperate  encounter 
with  bushrangers  near  Narramine,  December 
7,  1866.  The  town  of  Grenfell  was  named  in  his 
honour.  The  medal  was  sent  to  the  Agent- 
General  for  presentation  to  Mrs.  Grenfell,  who 
now  resides  in  the  Isle  of  Man ;  to  the  widow  of 
tiie  late  Captain  M'Lerie,  to  mark  the  services 
which  he  rendered  as  Inspector-General  of  Police 
from  October  28,  1856,  to  October  6,  1874. 

Silver  Medals  were  presented  to  : — Constable 
Johi  MiddUton,  who  arrested  Gardiner  under 
circumstances  of  fireat  bravery  at  Fogff's  hut  on 
the  Fish  River ;  Sergeant  A,  B.  WcSker,  who 
shot  "Thunderbolt^  near  Uralla,  May  25, 
1870 ;  Mr.  Beautfais,  innkeeper,  Pine  Ridge, 
who  defended  himself  when  attacked  by  an 
armed  bushranger  and  murderer  named  Ruther- 
f  Old,  whom  he  shot  dead. 

Rewards  offered  for  Apprehension  of. 

Large  reward  offered  for  the  capture  of  Wil- 
liam Underwood,  the  companion  of  Donohoe, 
the  bushranger.  Underwood  was  described  as 
a  native  of  Antrim,  Ireland,  a  labourer,  about 


28  years  of  age,  and  6  feet  8  inches  in  beij^t, 
1829 ;  £500  was  offered  for  the  capture  <^  Power. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  highest  rtwardM 
offered  for  the  apprehension  of  bushrangers  :— 

For  the  capture  of  Amoant 

Fnmdfl  Cluifltie,  aiuM  Frank  Ctardiner  ..     ..  £500 

Daniel  Moipu       1,000 

JohnGUbert 1,000 

BenjamlnHall       1«000 

John  Dunn      1,000 

—  Burke 500 

—  O'MeoUey 600 

FirederiekWaid     600 

Tbomaa  Clarke       1,000 

John  Clarke 500 

Patrick  GonneU      S50 

The  murderers  of  the  spedal  party  of  de- 
tectives           5,000 

Edward  Kelly,  Daniel  Kelly,  Stephen  Hart 
and  Joseph  Byrne  (by  N.S.W.  and  Victoria)     S,000 

VlCrmS  MURDERED  BT. 

The  following  list  includes  only  those  who 
were  killed  between  1862  and  1867  :— 

Daniel  Crotty  (mailman),  ahot  dead,  near  Uattogo, 
August  10, 1802. 

Peter  Clarke,  (drover),  shot  dead  by  Wilson. 

John  M'Bride  (miner),  shot  dead  by  Gilbert  and  Lomy. 

M'Oinnity  (sergeant),  shot  dead  by  Morgan. 

Smith  (sergeant),  shot  by  Morgan,  died  of  his  wounds. 

M'Lean  (station  hand),  shot  dead  by  Morgan. 

Pany,  E.  (sergeant),  shot  dead  by  Gilbert. 

Chinaman  (name  unknown ) ,  shot  dead  by  Moigan. 

Nelson  (constable),  shot  dead  by  Dunn. 

Chinaman  (name  unknown),  shot  dead  by  Clarke's  guiS- 

O'OFBdy  instable),  shot  dead  by  Clarke's  gang. 

Another  Chinaman,  shot  dead  by  Clarke's  gang. 

Constable  Raymond,  shot  dead  by  Crookw^l  and  othen 

Commissioner  Grenfell,  shot  dead  near  Narramine. 

Special  constables  Carroll.  Phegan,  M'Donnell,  and  Ken- 
nagh,  shot  dead  at  Jindera  by  Clarke's  gang,  isna- 
aiy  9, 1867. 

James  Domen,  aliat  Bill  Scott,  aiiaa  the  Long  "nulor, 
murdered,  it  is  believed,  by  Clarke's  gang  to  prevent 
his  giving  infonnation. 

Noonang  malf-caste.  bush  tel^raph),  murdered  it  ii 
believed  oy  Clarke  s  gang  to  prevent  his  giving  infor- 
mation. 

Total  number  of  bushrangers  shot  or  hanged,  S3. 

Total  number  of  persons  murdered  by  bushrKogers,  90. 

Total  Uvea  sacrifloed,  from  1802  to  1867,  44. 

Of  those  who  died  of  their  wounds  after  lingering  some 
time,  or  who  were  maimed  for  life,  there  is  no  return. 
Doubtless  there  were  oases,  also,  of  persons  murdered  by  the 
bushrangers  whose  bodies  were  never  discovered,  as  in  the 
case  of  '"German  Bill,"  at  one  time  mate  of  Monan,  who 
was  wounded  by  Senior-Constable  Brown,  the  night  Mr. 
Bayliss  was  wounded,  and  whose  sufferings  there  b  good 
grounds  for  believing  Morgan  ended  by  shooting  him 
through  Uie  head  to  prevent  his  living  any  infonnation 
to  the  authoritiee,  into  whose  hands  he  must  have  fidlen. 

Bushrangers   shot   or  hanged,  between 

1862  AND  1867  :— 

Pdsley,  hanged. 

Ross,  Alexander,  hansed. 

Roes,  Charles,  hangeo. 

Heather,  shot  dead  by  Mr.  Lowe. 

Robardy,  Charles,  hanged. 

(Jummings,  John,  shot  dead  by  one  of  his  mates  in  an 

attem^  to  rescue  him. 
Lowry,  J.  P.,  shot  dead  bv  Sen.  Sergeant  Stevenson. 
Burke,  shot  dead  by  Mr.  keightley. 
Mr.  Keightley  was  taken  prisoner  by  Hall  and  other 

bushrangers,   and    £600  ransom  demanded.     Xrs- 

Kelghtley  went  to  fiathurst  and  got  the  money,  and 

hernusMmd  was  released. 
O'Meally,  shot  dead  by  Mr.  Campbell,  at  Goimbla. 
Lowry,  James,  shot  dead  by  Constabto  Waid. 
Smith,  shot  dead  at  Wondilla,  by  Constable  Sannders. 
Morgan,  Daniel,  shot  dead  by  a  Victorian  stockman, 

named  Qoinlan,  at  PMchlebar  station,  Tfctorla. 


BUSHRANGING. 


49 


H»n,  Benlunin.  ahot  dead  by  Bub-Inspector  Da\idH>Q, 
CoDsftebie  CoodeU,  and  party  and  black  tracker, 
DcarForbea. 

Gfllwt,  John,  shot  dead  by  Constable  Brif^ht,  near 

Duna,  John,  hanred  at  Darlinirhunt. 

Bkny,  shot  dead  dv  Constable  M*Glone. 

GonneU,  Patrick,  sbot  4a>d  by  police. 

Burke  (at  one  time  belonging   to  Gardiner's  gang), 

hsnged  at  Melboame. 
Clvke,  John,  banged  at  DaritngfaurBt 
Cltfke,  ThomsA,  hanged  at  Darlinghurst. 

Wild,  Frederick  (alias  Thunderbolt),  shot  dead  by  Con« 
itible  Walker,  near  Umlla. 

List  of  Poucb  killkd  or  wounded,   1862 

TO  1879,— 

Detective  Fatrick  Lyons  received  gunshot  wound  in 
r^ht  hand  while  escorting  prisoners  between  Forbes 
ami  Voung :  was  attacked  by  Davis  and  party ;  Davis 
wasaxTtt^ted,  April  14, 1802. 

Senior  constable  Henry  Moran  shot  in  the  groin  by 
Gardiner's  gazig,  Eugowra  Creek,  when  cscorung  gold, 
Jane  15,  IWTi. 

GoQ^ble  Luke  CuUen,  while  struggling  with  a  priwner 
pistol  exploded,  and  M,tm  shot  in  leg,  August  10, 1802. 

Constable  Thomas  Rayfleld,  wounded  with  pistol  ball  in 
ode  while  attempting  to  arrest  a  horac-stealer  named 
Little  Jemmy,  November  10, 1802. 

Senior  oon»table  William  Hughes  flrod  upon  from  ambush, 
itceircd  gunshot  wound  in  arm,  June  8, 1803. 

Senior  constable  Frederick  Sutton  wounded  by  Gilbert 
vhcn  attempting  to  rob  Carcoar  mail,  August  0, 1863. 

Senior  sergeant  Janice  Stephenson  received  gunshot 
vound  in  the  hand  in  an  encounter  with  Lowry,  when 
Utter  was  wounded  and  died  following  day,  August  20, 

Senior  constable  Thomas  Haughey  received  gunshot 
voand  in  tho  knee  in  an  encounter  with  armed 
offenders  at  Toodlcs*  shanty,  Demondrille  Creek, 
Sieptembcr  4,  18b3. 

Sentcaat  I»avid  M'Oinnity  sbot  dead  by  Morgan  near 

Tumbenunba,  June  24, 1864. 
Sergeant  T}«omas  SmyUi  shot  while  camping  in  his  tent 

at  night  by  Morgan,  September  4,  1864 ;  died,  Sei>- 

tember  20. 1864. 
SeriS«ut  Edward  Parry  shot  dead  by  Gilbert,  November 

15.1804. 
Constable  Samuel  Nelson  shot  by  Dunn  at  Collector, 

January  26, 186ft. 
Senior  constable  John  Ward  died  from  a  gunshot  wound 

indicted  by  a  Chinaman  between  Mudgee  and  Coona- 

barabran,  February  4, 1865. 

Constable  William  Wiles  received  three  gimshot  wounds, 
two  in  hand  and  one  in  leg,  in  an  encounter  with  Hall's 
gang  at  Byrnes',  Mutbilly,  February  24, 1865. 

Cinstable  John  Kelly  received  bullet  in  the  left  breast 
io  an  attack  by  Hail  and  gang  on  Arftluen  gold-tield, 
March  18, 1866. 

Constable  Robert  I(eane  received  cunKhot  wotmd  in 
right  shoulder  in  an  encounter  inth  bushrangers  at 
Cooningar.  Mareh  18, 1866. 

Cof.stable  Michael  King  received  gunshot  in  ankle  in  an 
encounter  with  armed  offenders  at  Binalong,  1865. 

Senior  constable  J.  R.  Herbert  accidentally  shot  (since 

died)  in  mistake  for  bushranger,  April  13, 1863. 
Senior  constable  William  Lang  wounded  by  pistol  ball  in 

the  arm  when  attempting  to  arrest  mail-robber  Carroll, 

December  10, 1865. 
Constable  James  McHale  wounded  when  effecting  the 

citptttre  of  the  outlaw  Dunn,  December  24, 1806. 
CuQKtable  MUes  O'Orady  wounded  when  attempting  to 

urest  armed  robbers,  April  9, 1800. 
Constable  William  Raymond  shot  by  prisoner  on  escort, 
^  April  14, 1806. 
Consuble  UcOable  was  shot  by  offender  Pearson  at 

"Shcarer'H  Inn,'*  Bourke  district,  November  1,  1808. 
Serseant  Andrew  Sutherland  shot  by  offender  Grey,  near 

Cowra,  May  1, 1872. 
Constable  Michael  Costigan )  Shot  at  Bourke,  September 
Goutable  O.  R.  Anuytage  |     11, 1877. 

d 


Senior  sergeant  Thomas  Wallings  shot  dead  at  Won- 
bobbie,  Maoquarie  River,  by  offender  Gibson,  Sep- 
tember  80, 1878. 

cZSbte  lTIS.;-  ::::::  1  ^^^'^^"^^"^ 

Constable  Power  wounded  in  an  encounter  with  four 
bushiangers  near  Balranald,  1870. 

BUSHRANGING,  Various  Acts  of. 

Bushrangers  committed  depredations  through- 
out the  Bathurst  district  in  the  beginning  of 
1826 ;  a  desperate  skirmish  took  place  between 
the  police  and  seven  bushraneers,  and  one  of 
the  gang,  Morris  Connell,  was  killed  on  the  spot 
by  (Jorporal  Brown,  of  the  Mounted  Pokce, 
March  16,  1826  ;  aSray  between  ticket-of -leave 
men  and  bushrangers  at  Chiplin*s — one  bush* 
ranger  killed,  and  two  wounded  and  captured, 
April  2,  1827  ;  encounter  near  O'Brien's  station 
between  police  and  nine  bushrangers,  three  bush- 
rangers captured,  September  3,  1828 ;  the  murder 
of  Dr.  Robert  Wardell,  the  eminent  lawyer,  was 
committed,  Sept.  7,  1834.  [He  was  frequently 
associated  with  Mr.  Wentworth  in  the  early 
political  contests  in  which  the  colonists  were 
engaged.  He  was  shot  on  his  own  land  by  the 
bushrangers,  one  a  mere  boy  who  turned  King's 
evidence.  The  body  was  found  next  day  by  his 
servants  covered  over  with  a  large  bramble  to 
keep  the  native  dogs  away,  which  the  murderers 
had  sufficient  humanity  to  do.  The  two  bush- 
rangers, Jenkins,  who  fired  the  fatal  shot,  and 
Tattersdale,  as  abettor,  were  convicted  and  ex- 
ecuted. Jenkins,  whilst  judgment  was  being 
pronounced,  used  most  blasphemous  curses  to- 
wards the  Judge,  jury,  and  counsel,  and  hit 
his  fellow  prisoner  who  was  beside  him  a  violent 
blow  on  the  ear  ;  six  constables  were  necessary 
to  restrain  him  and  to  remove  him  from  the  dock. 
The  fellow-colonists  (of  all  classes)  of  Dr.  War- 
dell testified  the  high  respect  in  which  he  wcs 
held  by  crowding  to  his  obsequies.]  Conse^iueiit 
on  the  scarcity  oiprovisions,  bushrangingbocanie 
very  prevalent  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sydney. 
Crime  increased  50  per  cent,  on  those  of  the 
previous  year,  July,  August,  1839 ;  Mr.  John 
Kennedv  Hume,  a  much  respected  colonist,  shot 
by  bushrangers  at  Gunning,  N.S.W.  The 
chief  of  the  gang  was  executed  at  Goulbuni 
for  the  offence,  January  29,  1840.  Mr. 
Henry  O'Brien,  a  magistrate  of  Yass,  headed 
a  number  of  settlers  in  order  to  bring  the 
Booundrels  to  justice,  and  in  an  encounter  with 
the  bushrangers,  the  chief  of  the  gang  was 
killed  ;  another  having  been  wounded,  blew  out 
his  brains.  Two  were  taken  prisoners,  and  of 
these  one  hanged  himself  in  his  cell,  and  tho 
other  (who  was  instrumental  in  the  death  of  Mr. 
Hume)  was  executed  in  Goulbum  gaol,  1840 ; 
capture  of  the  **Jew  Boy's  gang  of  bush- 
rangers" at  Doughboy  Hollow,  near  Murru- 
rundi,  N.S.W.,  by  Mr.  Edward  Denny  Day  and 

Sarty ;  the  gang  captured  consisted  of  Davis, 
[arshall,  Chitty,  Shea,  and  Buggy;  two 
escaped,  but  one  of  these,  named  GlanviU,  was 
captured  the  next  day,   December  21,   1840; 


dO 


BUSHKANGING. 


capture  of  the  fint  organized  band  of  Port 
Phillip  bushrangers  on  the  "Plenty,"  through 
the  bravery  of  Messrs.  Snodgrass,  Gourlay, 
Fowler,  Chamberlain  and  Thomson,  assisted  by 
Messrs.  Rider,  Ewart,  and  Vinge.  Jack  Wil- 
.liams,  the  leader  of  the  gang,  was  shot ;  Fogarty, 
Yankee  Bill,  and  another  were  brought  into 
Melbourne  in  custody,  April  30,  1842. 

Alexander  Ross,  Charles  Ross,  and  William 
O'Connor,  charged  with  robbery,  firing  at,  and 
wounding  Mr.  Henry  Stephens,  found  guilty  at 
the  Special  Commission,  Darlinghuret,  and  sen- 
tenced to  death,    February  9,   1S63;  a  notice 
sent  to  the  mac;istrates  of  all  country  benches, 
that  all  cases  oi  robbery  under  anns  and  otber 
offences  of  the  bushranging  class  were,  for  the 
future,  to  be  tried  b^a  Special  Commission,  which 
would  commence  its  sittings  at  Darlinghurst, 
February  2,  1863,  January  20,  1863  ;  the  public- 
house  of  Mr.  Cirkel  was  stuck  up  by  four  bush- 
rangers,— Gardiner,     Gilbert,     0*Meally,     and 
Dunn.     Mr.  Cirkel  was  shot  dead  by  O'Meally 
for  having,  it  is  supposed,  given  information  as 
to  the  movements  of  the  gang  to  the  police, 
February  15,   1863 ;  Alexander  Fordyce,  John 
Bow,  John  M*Guire,  and  Henry  Manns,  tried  by 
the  Special  Commission,  Darlinghurst,  February 
4,  1863,  for  the  escort  robbery  on  June  5,  1862, 
but  after  three  days'  trial  and  one  night's  con- 
sideration of  the  case  bv  the  juiy,   the  latter 
were  unable  to  i^pec,  and  were  accordingly  dis- 
charged.      On  February  23  they  were  again 
placed  on  their  trial,  ana  on  Thursday,  26,  For- 
dyce, Bow,  and  Manns  were  found  guilty,  and 
sentence  of  death  passed  upon  them.     M'Guire 
was  found  not  guilty,   but  was  arrested  upon 
anothercharge,February  26, 1863;  Gardiner'sgang 
captured,  on  the  Widdin  Mountains,  an  officer  of 
])olice  (sub-inspector  Norton),  who  surrendered 
to  them  in  consec^uence  of  the  police  he  had 
.ordered  to  meet  him  at  the  rendezvous  having 
failed  to  obey  the  order,  and  the  man  Mr.  Nor- 
ton   had    with  him  having    run    away.      He 
was   kept   a   prisoner  for  some   hours,    when 
he  was   released  unharmed,    March    1,    1863  ; 
Clarke,  one  of  the  bushrangers  present  at  the 
murder  of  Mr.   Cirkel  on  February   15,    was 
arrested  by  Captain  Battye  near  Spring  Creek  ; 
he  confessed  to  being  present  at  the  muraer,  and 
«aid  O'Meally  had  fired  the  fatal  shot,  March  2, 
1863;    the    two  Rosses  executed,    March   18, 
1863 ;  O'Connor's  sentence  commuted  to  hard 
labour  for  life.     A  man  named  Patrick  Daley 
was    committed  for   trial  at  Forbes,  charged 
with    hems   one    of  the  men  who  made  pri- 
soner of  Sub-inspector  Norton,  March  24,  1863 ; 
petition    for   mercy  in  the   case  of  Bow  and 
Manns,  the  condemned  escort  robbers  (Fordyce's 
.sentence  having  already  been  commuted  to  hard 
labour  for  life),  was  signed  by  13,000  persons  in 
two  days,  exclusive  of  a  lar^  number  of  signa- 
tures attiiched  to  other  petitions  to  the  same 
purpose,  March  25,  1863.     Bow  reprieved  and 
sentenced  to  hard  labour  for  life,  Manns  exe- 
cuted,  March  26,   1863 ;  bushrangers  and  the 
confessional  formed  the  subject  matter  of  a  letter 


from  Father  M'Carthy  in  the  St/dw^  Momng 
Herald,  May  22,  1865  (this  was  in  consequence 
of  Vane,  a  young  bushranger,  giving  him^^lf  op 
to  this  clergyman);  a  hawker  named  Charles 
Young  robbed  at  Beucenya  Lake,  New  South 
Wales,  by  William  Brown,  ali(u  Bertram, 
October  15,  1869  ;  the  Secret  Police  Party,  con- 
sisting  of  John  Carroll,  Eneas  M^Donell,  Patrick 
Kennagh,  and  John  Phegan,  who  were  sent  oat 
to  capture  the  bushrangers  (Clarke's  gan^)  in  the 
Braidwood  district,  were  murdered  at  Jindera, 
January  9,  1867  ;  two  mates  of  Power  savagely 
attacked  two  constables  at  Benalla,  one  of  the 
bushrangers  being  captured,  the  other  escap  ng, 
August  29,  1870;  Sergeant  Sutherland,  of  the 
New  South  Wales  police,  shot  dead  a  few  miles 
from  Cowraby  two  bushrangers.  May  1 ,  1S72 :  four 
bushrangers,  Thomas  Gorman,  Charles  Jonea, 
William  Kay,  and  William  Hobbs,  robbetl  Mr. 
Grainger's  store  at  Hatfield,  near  Balranald,  New 
South  Wales.  They  were  under  anns,  and  took 
£50,  and  two  horses  with  saddles  and  bridles. 
Two  shots  were  fired  at  a  storemaii  named  Day, 
who  escaped  and  gave  information  to  the  police 
at  Bakanald,  February  24,  1879.  The  bush- 
rangers, after  leaving  Hatfield,  stuck  una  hawker 
named  Friedman,  and  roblxjd  him  of  £40  cash, 
and  of  some  valuable  jewellery  and  other  goods, 
February  25,  1879.  They  were  captured  at  Kil- 
fem  station  and  brought  to  Balranald  by  first- 
class  constable  Bercsford,  constable  Power,  and 
special  constable  Day,  all  of  the  Balranald 
Police,  who  rode  180  miles  from  9a.ra.  on  Strn- 
day  to  7  p.m.  on  Monday,  several  shots  being 
exchangea,  and  Constable  Power  wounded, 
February  19,  1879. 

EuoowRA  Gold-Escort  Robbery.  Police- 
men James  Condell,  Andrew  Moran,  and 
William  Haviland,  and  mail-driver  John  Fagan, 
were  stopped  on  the  Gates  Road  at  the  Eiigowra 
Rocks  by  Gardiner  and  seven  or  ei^ht  of  his 
gang,  when  travelling  towards  Syaney  with 
the  Government  Escort.  The  bushran^n 
fired  a  volley  and  then  made  a  rush  at  the 
coach,  and  took  the  rifies  of  the  police,  the 
gold,  amounting  to  5,509  ounces,  much  of  which 
belonged  to  the  Oriental  Banking  Company,  and 
bank  notes  to  the  value  of  £7,490 ;  they  also  took 
the  leaders  out  of  the  coach  to  serve  as  pack- 
horses  but  only  used  one ;  and  breaking  open 
the  boxes  of  gold  packed  them  on  the  mail  horse: 
they  divided  the  gold  and  notes  aftenvards  into 
eight  shares,  five  of  the  men  taking  theirs,  while 
the  other  three  shares  (viz. ,  (rardiner's,  Cluirtera's 
and  Fordyce's)  remained  on  the  pack-horse  which 
knocked  up  at  the  foot  of  the  Widdin  Mounta  ns, 
and  before  the  bushran^rs  could  remove  the 
gold,  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  police,  under 
sergeant  Saunderson  who  had  given  chase 
and  succeeded  in  recovering  1239  ounces  of 
gold  ;  subsequently,  when  Manns  was  arrested, 
200  ounces  and  £135  in  notes  were  found  on  hsm. 
Date  of  escort  robbery,  June  15,  VG2.  The 
names  of  the  bushrangers  engaged  in  this 
robbery  were : — Frank  Gardiner,  alias  Frank 
Christie,  John  Gilbert,  Daniel  Charters  (after- 


BITSHRANGING. 


51 


w&rds  tamed  informer),  John  Bow,  Alexander 
Fordvoe,  Henry  Manns,  Benjamin  Hall,  and 
OM^Uy. 

BrsHRANGixo  IX  Van  Dt£MEN's  Land.  The 
velfare  of  Van  I>iemen'8  Land  was  greatly 
retarded  in  its  earlier  days  by  the  number  of 
(Uring  and  prolonsed  depredations  committed 
by  bashrangcrs.  In  some  districts  the  inhabi- 
tants succoured  and  helped  to  conceal  them, 
whilst  in  others  the  settlers  assisted  the 
authorities  in  trying  to  suppress  them.  Colonel 
Davey.  in  1813,  declared  the  whole  colony  under 
martial  law,  and  punished  with  flogging  persons, 
whether  free  or  bound,  who  quitted  their  homes 
hy  night,  and  several  bushrangers  who  were 
captured  were  speedily  execute<l.  The  con- 
stables were  prisoners  of  the  Crown,  and  it 
was  to  their  interest  to  detect  or  pretend  to 
detect  crime,  this  giving  them  a  claim  for 
<inicker  liberation,  and  consequently  most  atro- 
cious perjuries  were  at  times  committed  by 
them,  implicating  innocent  persons,  whilst  it 
iras  subsequently  ascertained  that  in  many 
<a-%s  they  received  from  the  real  culprits  a 
»hare  of  their  booty.  The  names  of  tlie  most 
notol  scoundrels  were  Cashy  Cavenagh,  Brady, 
Moivptilo,  and  Michael  Howe. 

M  tufuito.  This  bushranger  was  a  Sydney 
aboriginal,  transitorted  to  \  an  Dicmen's  Land 
for  the  murder  of  a  woman.  At  first  he  was 
employed  by  the  authorities  as  a  tracker  for 
bunting  np  the  haunts  of  the  bushrangers,  but 
lie  afterwards  effected  his  escape  to  the  bush, 
aad  headed  the  Oyster  Bay  tribe  of  natives, 
over  whom  he  appeared  to  exercise  unbounded 
«v-ay ;  they  numbered  some  200  blacks,  and 
onder  the  command  of  Mosquito  committed 
many  foul  and  treacherous  murders  upon  isolated 
^ttlers  and  their  families.  He  became  a  pest  to 
society  and  a  terror  to  the  colony,  and  a  larse 
reward  was  offered  for  his  capture  ;  at  last  he 
was  tracked  to  his  lair  at  Oyster  Bay  by  a  native 
and  two  constables,  and  after  a  desperate  resis- 
tance was  wounded  and  eventually  captured 
and  conveyed  to  Hobart  Town,  where  he  and 
another  native  named  Black  Tom,  and  six  Euro- 
peans, were  executed  together,  February,  1825. 

The  love  of  a  wild,  and  in  a  measure  free  life 
in  the  bush,  and  the  wish  to  avoid  the  severity 
of  the  lash,  caused  many  of  the  prisoners  of  the 
rVown  to  effect  their  escape  into  the  bush  where, 
collecting  in  gangs,  they  vied  with  one  another 
in  deeds  of  the  most  daring  and  sanguinary 
nature,  till  at  last  in  1814  Governor  Macquarie, 
despairing  of  reducing  their  numbers  by  force, 
offered  a  tree  pardon  to  all  who,  not  having  been 
^ilty  of  murder,  would  within  six  months 
of  the  date  of  his  proclamation  return  to  their 
duty,  and  this  proclamation  had,  partly,  the 
desired  effect. 

ynduwl  ffotre^  who  had  been  a  seaman  in  the 
Royal  Navy,  and  who  was  afterwards  the  owner 
*ff  a  small  coasting  craft  in  which  he  had  acquired 
some  notion  of  command,  arrived  in  Van  Die- 
men*B  Land  in  1812,  and  was  sent  as  an  assigned 
servant  to  Mr.  Ingle ;  he,  however,  declared  he 


would  be  no  man's  slave,  and,  escaping  to  the 
bush,  joined  a  gane  commanded  by  a  man  named 
Whitehead.  In  uiis  gang,  which  consisted  of 
about  twenty  outlaws,  were  a  deserter  from  the 
73rd  regiment,  and  two  native  women.  Soon 
after  Howe*s  joining  them  they  attacked  the 
settlement  of  New  Norfolk,  and  there  procured 
a  good  supply  of  arms  and  anununition  ;  thence 
they  marched  on  Pitt  water,  committing  many 
depredations,  and  sacking  and  burning  the 
houses  and  stacks  of  those  who  had  made  them- 
selves obnoxious  to  them  ;  again  they  attacked 
New  Norfolk,  and  had  a  fight  with  the  settlers, 
in  which  the  latter  were  worsted ;  but  in  the 
engagement  Whitehead  was  seriously  wounded. 
Finding  that  he  could  not  recover,  he  appealed  to 
Howe  to  finish  him  and  to  cut  his  head  ofif,  to 
prevent  the  rewanl  that  was  offered  for  his  cap- 
ture being  obtained  by  any  of  the  settlers  ;  this 
Howe  di({,  and  then  assumed  the  command  of  the 
gang.  It  was  subsequently  asserted  by  Howe  (and 
there  is  good  reason  to  believe  his  statements) 
that  some  of  the  police  presumably  most  active 
in  the  pursuit  of  him  and  his  gang  at  this  time 
were  actually  in  communication  with  them,  and 
received  a  share  in  the  profits  of  the  men's 
crimes.  Howe  at  this  time  was  accustomed  to 
leave  his  gang  for  short  periods,  and  retire  to 
some  mountain  fastness  witli  a  native  girl,  to 
whom  it  was  stated  he  was  much  attached ; 
subsequently  she  was  captured  and  became 
useful  to  the  soldiers  in  discovering  his  favourite 
haunts  to  them.  At  last  Howe  sent,  through  the 
medium  of  a  Yankee  sailor,  a  proposal  to  the 
Governor  to  surrender.  The  Governor  (Sorell) 
sent  Captain  Nairne  to  the  rendezvous  to  meet 
with  him  and  to  give  him  an  assurance  of  present 
safety  and  a  promise  of  his  intercession  for  his 
pardon  if  he  would  come  in,  which  offer  Howe 
accepted.  When  on  the  plea  of  ill  health  he  was 
allowed  to  take  exercise  under  the  charge  of  a 
constable,  he  managed  to  give  his  guard  the  slip 
and  again  took  to  the  bush.  He  found  his  g:ang 
neai'ly  broken  up,  only  two  men  remaining. 
Watts  and  Browne.  Soon  after  his  return 
Watts  conspired  with  a  stock-keeper  named 
Drewe  against  Howe,  and  taking  him  unawares, 
they  threw  him  down,  disarmed  him,  and  tied 
his  hand  behind  his  back.  Leaving  him  thus 
lying  on  the  ground,  they  ate  their  breakfast, 
and  then  started  with  him  to  Hobart  To^^n,  with 
the  hope  of  obtaining  the  reward.  Watts 
walked  in  front  of  their  prisoner,  and  Drewe 
behind  him.  On  the  road  Howe  managed  to 
get  his  hand  loose  imperccivcd  by  his  guard, 
when,  springing  suddenly  upon  Watts,  he  seized 
his  knife  and  fatal. y  stabbed  him,  and  then, 
taking  his  gun,  shot  Drewe  dead  on  the  spot. 
Watts  managed  to  reach  Hobart  Town,  but  sub- 
sequently died  of  hid  wounds.  A  large  reward 
was  now  offered  for  the  capture  or  death  of 
Howe,  together  with  freedom  and  a  |>assage 
home,  should  his  cantor  be  a  convict ;  but  for  a 
long  time  ho  escapea  all  snares.  But  the  temp- 
tation of  the  large  reward  and  the  free  pardon, 
together  wit^  the  passage  home,  was  a  bait 
that  could  not  be  long  withstood,   and  so  a 


52 


CABLE- CENSU& 


transported  sailor  named  Jack  Worral  con- 
spired with  one  of  Howe's  mates,  named  War- 
burton,  to  effect  his  capture.  Major  Bell  gave 
them  the  assistance  ol  a  soldier  of  the  48th 
regiment,  named  Pngh,  these  two  secreting 
themselves  in  Warburton'a  hut,  who  was  to 
inveiele  Howe  into  it.  This  Warbnrton  did, 
but  Howe  discovered  his  danger  and  mana^d 
to  break  away,  the  shots  fired  at  him  not  takmg 
effect.  In  running,  however,  he  received  a 
severe  fall  which  partiallv  stunned  him,  and  he 
then  turned  to  li^t :  whilst  engaged  with  one 
the  other  crept  up,  and  knocked  him  down  with 
the  butt  end  of  nis  musket  and  with  the  same 
weapon  daijied  his  brains  out,  October  21, 1818. 
In  a  kuigaroo  skin  pouch  or  knapsack  which 
he  carried,  was  found  a  record  of  his  crimes  and 
the  names  of  many  of  his  accomplices,  with  those 
of  the  receivers  of  stolen  property,  hitherto 
unsuspected. 


CABLK     [See  Telborafbs.] 

CAMELS  purchased  from  India  (afterwards  used 
for  party  in  search  of  Burko  and  Wills)  at  a  cost 
of  £5,500,  1858. 

CAMPBELL,  J.  F.,  appointed  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Sydney,  being  the  first  officer  who 
bore  that  title  in  Australia,  1827. 

CAMPBELLTOWN,  N.  S.  W.,  marked  out 
and  named  by  Governor  Macquarie,  December 
1 , 1 820.  First  Circuit  Court  opened  by  his  Honor 
Chief  Justice  Forbes :  the  judicial  party  left 
Liverpool  for  Campbelltown,  and  were  escorted 
in  by  a  guard  of  honour  consisting  of  four  horse- 
men with  drawn  swords,  and  attended  by  Wm. 
Howe  (Police  MajHstrate)  the  Serseant  of  Police, 
(Campbelltown) ;  by  the  llov.  Tnomas  Keddall 
(Chaplain),  and  by  the  other  Justices  of  the 
Peace.  There  were  altogether  20  carriages,  con- 
taining the  leading  gentlemen  of  the  dirtrict,  40 
or  50  gentlemen  on  horseback,  and  upwards  of 
100  persons  on  foot  in  the  procession,  August 
3,  1839. 

CANTERBURY,  N.Z.  Arrival  of  the  first 
settlers,  December  16,  1850. 

CAPE,  River,  discovered,  March  18,  1845. 

CAPITAL  PUNISHMENT,  Abolition  of. 
Punishment  of  death  abolished  in  New  South 
W^es  for  cattle-stealing,  forgery,  and  stealing 
in  a  dwelling  property  above  £5  in  value, 
August  1,  1833. 

CARTWRIGHT,  Rev.  Robert,  arrived  August 
18,  1809. 

CASHMERE  GOATS.    49  Cashmere  goats  im- 

Sorted  to  Melbourne ;  of  these  more  than  half 
ied  before  landing,  1863. 


CA8TLEREAGH,  K.S.W.,  named,  December, 
1810. 

CASTLEREAGH,  River,  discovered  by  Job 
Oxley,  July  27,  181&    {See  Exflorations.] 

CATERPILLAR  PLAGUE  throughout  the 
agricultural  settlements  of  N.S.W.  :  the  fields 
and  gardens  were  laid  waste  by  them  at  a  time 
when  the  eais  of  wheat  were  full  and  there  wm 
no  possibility  of  counteracting  the  disaster, 
September,  1810. 

CATTLE. 

Arriyal  of.  The  first  homed  cattle  which 
arrived  in  Australia  with  the  "  first  fleet,*'  con- 
sisted of  two  bulls  and  five  cows,  January,  1788. 

Straying  of.  Through  the  negligence  of  a 
convict  the  whole  of  the  homed  caUle  in  the 
settlement.  New  South  Wales,  consisting  of 
five  cows  and  two  bulls,  escaped  into  the  buah 
and  were  lost,  June,  1788  [See  CowPASTCRf]: 
order  issued  against  shooting  any  of  the  8tra}ed 
catUe  at  the  (^wpasture,  December  18,  1795. 

The  first  cattle,  after  a  prohibition  of  fiv« 
years,  arrived  seaward  in  Sydney,  December  18. 
1878. 

Number  of.  On  January  1,  1878.  the  nniu 
ber  of  homed  cattle  in  Australia  was  m 
follows : — 

New  South  Wales            %7M,^ 

Victoria        1.174,176 

South  Australia '230.679 

Oueenidand            S.:i99.&< 

Taanania I'Hi.iai 

*      Western  AufltnJia           52,057 

Total C<i*28,76l 

NowZoaland  404.917 

Total  in  Austndasian  Colonics     ..    7,124,67s 

CEMETERIES. 

First  colonial  church-yard  or  burial-groumi 
was  on  the  site  of  the  present  Town  Hall 
Sydney.  A  proposition  to  fence  rcmnd  the 
ground,  in  consequence  of  the  pigs  n)otiDg  tip 
the  earth  and  graves,  appeared  in  the  Sydney 
Gazette,  February  5,  1804. 

Burial-grounds  first  consecrated  throughout 
the  various  towns  in  the  Colony,  1811. 

First  burial-ground  in  Mellx)ume,  Port 
Phillip,  was  near  the  Fhigstafi*  Hill.  A  child 
named  Goodman  was  the  first  buried  there. 
1836. 

CENSUS,    First   (originally  caUed  "Mi'> 
TERS'*)  in  New  South  Wales,  69  deaths  having 
occurred  of  the   1,044  who  had  left  England. 
June,  1788.     General  "muster"  of  con\ncta  Feb- 
ruary 1,  1801  ;  of  free  persons,  July,  1801. 

New  South  Wales  gave  the  ppulation  at 
36,598,    lb28 ;    first  time  taken  in  one  dav- 
popuUtion,  114,769  males,  and  74,840  females, 
total,    189,609,   March   2,    1846.      [Sf:e  PoPi 

LATION.] 


CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE— CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONa 


53 


PU5XSHXENT        K>R      NON-ATTENDANCS       AT. 

Four  settlers  and  an  aaustant-Burgeon  were 
chaqped  with  neglecting  to  attend  a  "General 
Mnster,"  and  to  Bend  in  an  account  of  their 
itoek,  as  prescribed  by  the  Lieutenant-Governor's 
ordns.  Ihey  would  not  recognise  the  new  form 
of  GoTemment.  One  was  fined  one  shilling  and 
Kntenced  to  six  months*  imprisonment.  The 
aUtera  were  sentenced  to  one  month's  imprison- 
oeBt»  December  11,  1808. 

CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE,  Sydney, 
oUbluhcd.  First  officers  :  Edward  Woolston* 
<nft,  W.  J.  Browne,  A.  B.  Spark,  and  30 
Bemben,  June  7,  1825. 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS.  Founda- 
tbii  stone  of  new  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 
Damb  and  Blind,  on  the  Newtown  Road, 
Sydney,  laid  by  His  Elxcellency  the  Governor, 
April  2,  1871 ;  the  Institution  opened  by  Earl 
Bdmore,  March  13,  1872.  Deaf  and  Dumb  and 
Blind  Asylum  opened  at  Adelaide,  December, 

New  South  WaUf. 

Tboe  are  in  the  colony  42  hospitals,  Iho  prfncipal  of 
ttMK  being  the  Sydney  Infirmary  and  the  St.  Vincent 
Hoipital ;  7  benevolent  aqyiiuna.  8  of  these  beinif 
Gov«nment  institutions ;  13  orphan  and  other  schools, 
ad  8  Inoatic  asylums,  consisting  of  7  Government 
intitotioas,  and  1  private  asvlum  at  Cook's  River.  The 
nmber  of  admissions  into  these  hospitals  during  1877 
n«&,ssSi  Of  these,  6,316  patients  were  removed  or 
diiehatfged  during  the  year,  and  the  deaths  numbered 
1.1S1.  Into  the  whole  of  the  charitable  institutions 
tlteie  were  10,418  admissions.  The  receipts  from  volun- 
te7  eootiibutions  were  £83,886  16s.  IcL,  Government 
eontributfng  £117,771  ISs.  lOd..  making  a  total  of 
£lSl,i58  9s.  lid.  The  disbursements  diuing  the  year 
«m  £142,309 14s.  lid.  In  addlUon  to  the  foregoing 
iartitations.  there  are  in  Sydney  a  Home,  a  Female 
B«fage,  a  House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  a  Sailors' 
Baae,  a  Night  Refuge  and  Soup  Kitchen,  and  an  Infant's 
Home  Into  these  last,  during  1877,  l,4fiS  inmates  were 
racdved  and  supported  at  an  expense  of  £3,237,  derived 
frm  private  benevolence :  1878. 

New  Zealand. 

Oq  January  1,  1877,'  there  were  24  public  hospitals 
(linraghoutthe  colony,  having  100  wards,  and  042  oeds. 
Daring  1876,  4,934  out^loor  patients  and  7,478  in-door 
pstieots  n'ere  relieved,  439  died,  and  there  were  under 
trestment  on  December  81,  694  patients.  There  are 
I  benevolent  asylums,  with  63  wards  and  128  beds  ;  two 
orphan  avjrlums  at  Motucka  and  Lyttleton,  wiUi  16 
wards  and  ICO  beds;  eight  lunatic  asylums  with  260 
wards  and  830  beds,  sheltering  on  December  31,  785 
(■tienti ;  and  three  reformatory  and  industrial  schools, 
<t  Aockland,  Bnraham,  and  Gaversham,  in  which  on 
Itooember  31,  were  371  children  of  both  sexes.  There 
«e  also  a  large  number  of  benevolent  and  benefit 
■odeties  for  the  relief  of  the  distressed  and  needy,  1878. 

Qiueneland, 

There  are  5n  public  hospitals  in  the  colony,  also  a 
Mbevolent  asvlum,  and  four  orphan  asylums.  In  the 
baq>ita]s  duruig  the  year  1876,  4,231  patients  were 
admitted ;  of  these  8.234  were  discharged  relieved  or 
cored,  255  removed,  380  died,  and  362  were  still  under 
tnatment  on  December  31.  The  number  of  outdoor 
patieots  was  1.838.  Those  institations  have96  wards  and 
410  beds.  Into  the  benevolent  asylums  the  admiwions 
were  62,  and  there  were  123  inmates  at  the  beginning  of 
the  year:  of  these  121  remained  in  the  house  on 
iarnnry  1, 1877  ;  871  orphans  were  in  the  four  asylums 
on  the  same  date.  In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  there 
an  two  Lock  hospitals,  one  at  Brisbane  and  one  at 


Bockhampton,  three  lunatic  reception  houses  and  one 
asylum.  The  reception-houses  nave  9  wards  and  80 
.  beds ;  228  natients  were  under  treatment  during  the 
year;  of  tnese  110  were  dlichaiged  curtsd,  90  were 
removed,  10  died,  the  number  remaining  under  treat- 
ment at  the  end  of  the  year  being  13.  The  lunatic 
asylum  at  Woosaroo  has  30  wards,  37  dormitories,  and 
889bedsL  During  the  year  281  males  and  172  females 
wa>e  under  treabnent,  of  whom  47  were  cured  and  4 
were  improved,  and  IS  died ;  382  were  remaining  in  the 
asylum  on  December  31.  The  total  receipts  on  account 
of  the  hospitals  were  £'29.067  6s.  lid.,  of  which  £8,238 
4s.  6d.  were  derived  from  private  contributions;  the 
expenditure  was  recorded  at  £31,474  2s.  8d.  The 
receipts  for  the  benevolent  i^lum  were  £2,746  Is.  lid., 
the  expenditure  being  Uie  same.  The  receipts  for  the 
orphan  asylums  were  £7,171  Os.  8d  ,  nearly  the  whole 
being  from  the  State  funds ;  the  ex])enditure  was 
£7,140  Is.  8d. :    1878. 

South  Australia. 

Among  the  institutions  are  the  hospitals  throughout 
the  colony,  those  at  Adelaide,  Kooringa,  Mount  Gambler, 
and  Wallaroo  being  the  leading  ones.  There  are  also 
lunatic  asylums  at  Adelaide  and  Parkside,  and  an 
asylum  for  the  destitute  poor  .at  North  Terrace, 
Adelaide,  and  a  Blind,  Deaf,  and  Dumb  Asylum.  A 
Sailors'  Home  is  in  operation  at  Port  Adelaide.  During 
the  year  1877,  2,321  patients  were  treated  in  the  Adelaide 
hospital ;  of  these  1,082  were  discharged,  163  died,  and 
186  were  under  treatment  in  the  wa^ds.  In  the  Desti- 
tute Asyltun  and  through  its  country  boards  during 
1878,  the  number  of  destitute  persons  who  received  out- 
door relief  was  4,819 ;  the  recipients  of  in-door  relief 
numbered  1,437,  and  the  expenditure  for  1877  amountcNl 
to  £21,356  158.  lOd.  The  total  amount  expended  on 
these  institutions  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1878,  was 
£66,009 13s.  6d.  ;  of  this  sum  £17,966  8s.  8d.  went  to  the 
hospitals,  £15,466  17a  lOd.  to  the  asylums,  and 
£21,686  7s.  to  the  destitute  poor.  There  are  numerous 
other  agendes  of  a  private  character,  also  benefit  and 
other  societies  for  the  relief  of  the  sick,  poor,  and 
destitute:    1878. 

Taemania, 

There  is  a  general  hospital  at  Hobart  Town,  another 
at  Launceston,  and  one  at  CSampbelltown,  for  the  care 
and  relief  of  the  sick  and  injured.  At  the^  establish- 
ments the  average  ntunber  of  in-patients  was  164  ;  the 
total  number  of  cases  treated  for  both  in  and  out- 
patients was  10,862.  The  average  nett  cost  of  each  in- 
door patient  was  £66  2s.  Old.  at  Hobart  Town,  and 
£40  7s.  lid.  at  Launceston.  For  the  relief  of  the  desti- 
tute poor  there  are  five  pauper  establishments,  and  the 
Queen's  Asylum  at  New  Town  fur  destitute  children. 
In  the  latter  institution  there  are  generally  about  127 
inmates,  who  are  supported  at  a  cost  of  £10  3s.  6^  per 
head.  There  are  two  hospitals  for  the  insane,  one  at 
New  Norfolk,  and  one  at  Hobart  Town.  The  average 
number  of  inmates  during  1877  was  303.  There  are  27 
benefit  or  friendlv  societies,  of  which  18  arc  connected 
with  the  order  of  Odd  Fellows  (Manchester  Unity),  and 
6  are  Rechabite  tents.  The  members  in  1876  numbered 
2,149.  The  total  receipts  were  £7,118  lOs.,  and  the 
expenditure  £6,616 19s.  Id.,  .the  capital  being  £16,618 
6s.  4d. :  1878. 

Victoria. 

There  are  in  all  sixty-eight  institutions  for  the  relief 
of  the  sick,  needy,  orphans,  refugees,  and  unfortunates. 
These  institutions  have  672  wards  or  moms,  and  9,666 
beds.  They  were  maintained  during  1876  by  £236,424 
from  the  State  Funds,  £31,687  from  private  contribu- 
tions, and  £31,812  from  other  sources  The  exi>enditure 
was  £302,866.  The  average  cost  of  each  inmate  was 
£8  198.  2d.,  varying  from  17s.  3d.  in  the  Immigrant's 
Home  to  £43  ISs.  Ofd.  in  the  Blind  Asylum.  There  are 
six  Benevolent  Asylums,  with  153  wards  and  1,656  beds ; 
46,680  persons  were  relieved  by  them  There  are  also 
seven  Orphan  Asylums,  with  68  wards  and  1,562  beds. 
The  total  number  of  general  hospitals  throughout  the 
colony  is  82.  For  the  support  of  the  hospitals,  accord- 
ing to  a  late  return,  the  Government  aid  was  £60,307 10s., 
private  contributions  amounting  to  £29,150  19s.  4d.: 
mim  other  sources  there  was  received  £9,043  4a  6d., 


54 


CHAitTKR  OF  JUSTICE— CHISHOLM. 


znaklnpr  a  total  of  £09,401  138.  9d.  The  oxpenditim, 
including^  buildin:n>  and  repairs,  was  £106,632  Os.  lOd. 
For  tho  support  of  the  asylums  the  receipts  were, 
Govemznent  aid  £23,000,  private  contributions  £8,327 
Ob.  7d.,  other  sources  £5,067  128.  6d..  total  £30,284 
138.  Id.,  expenditure  .€U,200  5s.  Od.  For  the  suppwt 
of  the  orphan  o-syluins  the  receipts  were.  Government 
grants  £12,661  Os.  2d.,  pri\'ate  contributions  £5.186 
78.  4d.,  other  sources  £1,807  ISs.  7d.,  total  £10,745 
68.  8d.,  expenditure  £10,135  1.^  7d.  The  receipts  for 
the  lunatic  asylums  were,  from  Government  £90,674  8s. , 
other  iiources  £4,723  4s.  6J.,  total  £95,307  128.  fld.  The 
total  expenditure  durinj^c  the  year  1877,  on  the  asylum 
and  lunacy  wards  was  £95,517  (is.  6d.,  an  increase  of 
£401  5s.  lOii.  on  tho  ]>reviouM  year,  the  avera^  weekly 
cost  of  each  patient  beinsr  14-<.  23d.  The  hospitals  have 
in  the  asfgre^ate  230  wards,  containing  2,246,963  cubic 
feet  of  space,  and  1,087  beds.  Diuring  1875,  14,477  per- 
sons wore  relieved,  the  daily  avcnmre  of  relief  beinif 
1,536'6  ])€rson8.  There  are  five  lunatic  asylums,  having 
72  wards  and  2,042  bods.  There  U  also  a  private  asylum 
at  Cremornc,  near  Melbourne,  having  32  ward-s  and 
accommodation  for  40  patients.  The  number  of  r%ds- 
tered  patients  on  December  31,  1877,  was  2,747,  an 
increase  of  112  upon  the  re*  urn  of  1876.  During:  1S77, 
8,287  patients  were  under  treatment,  of  whom  674  were 
admitted  during  the  year.  2.58  recovered  and  193  died. 
The  number  of  patients  on  January  1,  1878,  was  2.719, 
1,753  males  and  1,140  females.  The  ratio  of  lunatics  to 
the  entire  population  in  1  in  every  1,510  persons ;  in  the 
previous  year  it  was  1  in  1,431 :  1878. 

Western  Australia, 

There  are  eight  ho.^pitals,  one  lunatic  as>'Iuiri,  two 
poor-hou.scs,  two  native  institutions,  a  Protestant 
orpbana^,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  orphanage,  1870. 

CHARTER  OF  JUSTICE.    [See  Courts.] 

CHESS.  The  history  of  Australian  chess  is 
necessarily  brief,  as  it  is  only  during  the  last 
ten  or  twelve  years  that  serious  attention  has 
been  devoted  to  this  intellectual  pastime.  The 
first  chess  club  in  Sydney  was  established  in 
1860  in  connection  with  the  School  of  Arts. 
About  the  same  time  chess  societies  were  formed 
in  Melbourne,  Adelaide,  and  the  other  capitals 
of  Australia.  As  these  associations  increased, 
they  became  more  prosperous  ;  in  course  of  time, 
talent  for  the  eame  was  developed  in  a  marked 
degree.  Match  played  between  New  South 
Wales  and  Victoria,  seven  players  on  each  side, 
by  electric  telegraph,  won  by  Victoria,  1870. 
Intercolonial  matches  have  since  been  continued 
between  the  representatives  of  Victoria,  New 
South  Wales,  South  Australia,  and  Queensland. 
In  New  Zealand  and  Queensland  chess  is  also 
liberally  supported. 

Matches,  Intercolonial. 

New  Sofith  Waleg  v. 

1870.  Victoria— New  South  Wales  lost  by  tym  games. 

1871.  South  Australia— New  South  Wales  won  by  two 
games. 

1871.  Victoria— New  South  Wales  lost  by  two  games. 

1872.  Queensland— New  South    Wales    won   by  two 
games. 

1872.  iSouth  Australia— New  South  Wales  won  by  two 
games. 

1872.  Victoria— Drawn. 

1873.  Queensland    New    South   Wales   won   by   six 
games. 

1878.  Victoria— New  South  Wales  lost  by  two  games. 

1874.  South  Australia— New   South    Wales   won  by 
three  Gfame.s. 

1874.  Victoria— New  South  Wales  lost  by  four  games. 

1876.  Victoriar— New  South  Wales  lost  by  four  games. 

1877.  New  South  Wales  lost  by  two  gamea 


Victoria  v. 
1868.  South  Australia— Victoria  won  by  foar  g&iQ« 

1870.  New  South  Wales  -\'ictoria  won  by  two  gauei. 

1871.  New  South  Walos— Victoria  woo  by  twoguoei. 

1872.  New  South  Wales— Drawn. 

1873.  New  South  Walen— Victoria  won  by  tvo  gum. 
[See  New  Soutu  Wales.] 

South  AuMfralia  v. 
18A8.  Victoria  -  South  Australia  lost  by  four  gann 

1871.  New  South  Wales— South  Australia  lost  by  four 
games. 

1872.  New  South  Wales— South  Australia  lost  b)  tvo 
games. 

1874.  New  South  Wales— South  Australia  lost  bytbne 
games. 

Queendand  v. 

1872.  New  South   Wales— Queensland  lost  by  vw 
games. 

1873.  New    South     Wales— Queenitland  lost  by  six 
games. 

Problems  and  Problem  Writers.— In  the 

Eroblem  department  of  chess  rapid  strides  have 
een  made  by  Australian  composerB,  many  of 
whom  have  established  good  rejmtations.  The 
tournaments  initiated  by  the  Melbourne  Leadtr, 
Sydney  Totcn  and  Countnf  Journal^  and  Sifdwy 
Mail,  South  Australian  Chronicle ,  and  Canterbury 
Times,  have  created  a  healthy  competition 
amongst  colonial  problemists,  and  have  produced 
some  of  the  most  beautiful  stratagems  extant 
The  leading  composers  in  the  colonies  are  as 
follows  :  New  South  Wales— J.  Willis,  J.  J. 
Glynn,  E.  R.  James,  W.  Cook,  G.  Power. 
Victoria— T.  D.  Clarke,  T.  Henderson,  L 
Graham,  E.  L.  Bailey,  W.  A.  Rohner.  Sooth 
AustraUa— H.  Charlick,  W.  J.  M 'Arthur,  W. 
P.  Bertram,  R  J.  Catlow,  C.  J.  Shnttleworth. 
Tasmania — J.  G.  Witton.  New  Zealand- C. 
Benbow,  T.  F.  Jacobaen,  J.  Snellie  :  1879. 

CHINESE.  The  first  shipload  of  Chinese  immi- 
grants arrived  in  New  South  Wales  ;  they  were 
introduced  at  private  cost,  but  the  introduction  of 
this  race  of  men  was  much  repudiated,  1B4S ; 
first  importation  of  Chinese  into  Brisbane,  May 
3,  1850  ;  monster  meeting  against  the  Chinese 
gold-diggers,  at  Golden  Point,  Lambing  Flat, 
New  South  Wales,  January,  1861 ;  2,000  Chinese 
landed  at  Cooktown,  May  3,  1875.  Great  fi^ht 
among  Chinese  at  Majrtown,  Queensland,  with 
fatal  results,  August  12,  1878. 

Estimated  Nuxbbr  of,  in  Australia  (Dec  SI,  ISra) 

New  South  Wales  10,000 

NewZealand    M» 

Queensland  18,414 

South  Australia  (including  Northern 

Territory) 2,650 

Victoria 12,875 

Total  4«,86S 

Poll  Tax  on. 
Poll  tax  of  £10  per  head  imposed  :— 

New  South  Wales  l«n 

Victoria     1S65 

Queensland  1877 

New  South  Wales  (proposed) 1879 

[iS'(?€  "Riots."]     * 

CHISHOLM,  Mrs.  Carolink,  located  thirty 
families  at  lUawarra,  New  South  Wales,  on  land 
granted  to  them  on  clearing  leases,  the  pro- 
prietor to    grant    them     proTisions  for    the 


CHURCH  ACT— CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND. 


55 


lint  five  months  of  their  occupancy,  1843 ;  a 
testimonial,  va  iied  at  200  guineas,  raised  by 
pnWic  saliscription  in  Sydney,  was  presented  to 
Mrs.  Chisholm  "as  an  expression  of  thanks  for 
her  active  and  zealous  exertions  on  behalf  of 
the  immigrant  population"  during  the  previous 
seren ycTR.  April  14,  1846.  [S^e  **  Mbn  of  the 
TiME7aw*o/m,  Mrs,  Caroline).] 

Cm'RCH  ACT.  The  celebrated  Church 
Act  of  7  Wm.  IV.,  by  which  religious  equality 
vu  firmly  and  permanently  established  in 
Aastralia,  was  passed,  1836. 

CHURCH   OF   ENGLAND. 

Rev.  Richanl  Johnston,  first  Church  of  Eng- 
land clei^man  in  Australia  arrived,  1788.  [See 

"Men  OF  THE  Time"]- 
First  service  held  in  Parramatta:  Rev.  Richard 

Johnson  preached  there  in  a  carpenters  shop, 

i:9i. 

Fonnilation  stone  of  St.  Phillip's  chnrch 
Sydney.  laid  July,  1793. 

A  tc-mporary  church  was  erected  at  the  back 
of  tJie  hots  on  the  east  side  of  Sydney  Cove,  near 
to  what  is  now  the  comer  of  Hunter  and  Castle- 
ra^h  streets — it  was  built  of  strong  poets, 
wattles  and  plaster,  cost  £100,  and  divine  service 
vas  perfonned  in  it  for  the  first  time  Sunday, 
August  25,  1793. 

Rev.  Samuel  Marsden  arrived,  December, 
1791.  fsVf  "  Me.v  of  the  Time"  (.Varjw/en,  Jitr, 
Smafl)]. 

Church  completed  in  Parramatta,  September 
29, 1796. 

Destruction  by  fire  of  St.  Phillip's  church, 
Sydney  October  1,  1798.  ["As  the  church 
Etnntl  alone,  and  no  person  was  suffered  to 
renuin  in  it  after  school  hours,  the  fire  was — in 
coiL^tefjnence  of  an  order  to  enforce  attendance 
OS  divine  service  which  had  been  rifn<lly  exe- 
cuted—no doubt  the  effect  of  design,  with  a  view 
ff  rendering,  by  the  destruction  of  the  building, 
the  Sabbftth  a  day  of  as  little  decency  and  sobriety 
«  any  other.  The  perpetrators  were,  however, 
dksapp<qnted  ;  for  the  (vovemor,  justly  deeming 
ihii  to  have  been  the  motive,  and  highly  irritated 
^  80  shameful  an  act,  resolved,  if  no  convenient 
pbce  could  be  found  for  the  performance  of 
puHlic  worship,  that  the  labouring  gangs,  instead 
(i  employing  Sunday  as  each  thought  propter, 
should  be  occupied  on  that  day  m  erecting 
mother  church.  As  a  large  store-house  was  just 
finished,  it  was  fitted  up  as  a  church  ;  and  thus 
&(t  me  Sunday  did  this  wicked  design  afiect  the 
Regular  performance  of  divine  service.  A 
Teward  of  £30  was  offered  for  the  discovery  of 
the  offender,  with  emancipation  to  the  informer 
if  a  convict,  and  a  reconmicndation  to  the 
ouster  of  a  ship  to  take  him  or  her  from  the 
settlement.  But  rewanls  and  punishment  alike 
failed  in  producing  the  desired  effect."] 

Governor  Hunter  laid  the  foundation  stone  of 
St.  Phillip's  church,  Sydney,  June  27,  1800. 

St.  .John's  church,  Parramatta,  opened  by 
Rev.  Samuel  Marsden,  April  10,  1803. 


Rev.  Robert  Knopwood,  first  chaplain  of  Van 
Diemcu's  Land,  arrived  at  Port  Phillip  with 
(fovemor  Collins,  1803;  went  to  the  Derwent, 
Van  Diumen's  Land,  1804. 

First  church  completed  at  the  Hawkcsbury 
and  divine  service  held  in  it  August  11,  1805. 

St.  Phillip's  church,  Sydney,  completed  and 
opened  August,  1809. 

Rev.  Wm.  Cowper  (afterwards  Archdeacon), 
arrived  N.S.W.,  August  18,  1809. 

Rev.  Robert  Cartwright,  arrived  in  N.S.W., 
August  18,  1809. 

St.  Phillip's  church  consecrated  by  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Marsden,  December  25,  1810. 

Foundation  stone  of  St.  David's  church, 
Hobart  Town,  laid  by  tlie  Governor,  February 
19,  1817. 

First  Auxiliary  Bible  Society  established  in 
New  South  Wales,  March,  1817. 

Foundation  stone  of  St.  Matthew's  church, 
Windsor,  laid  by  (Governor  Macquarie,  October 
11,  1817.  [In  consequence  of  the  stone  having 
been  removed  and  the  money  deposited  therein 
stolen,  the  stone  was  re-laid  by  his  Excellency, 
October  13,  1817.  The  money  was,  for  the 
second  time,  stolen  a  few  nights  afterwards.] 

Christ  church,  Newcastle,  completed  1817. 

Bev.  Richard  Hill  and  James  C^ross,  cleigymea 
of  the  Church  of  England,  arrived,  1818. 

Rev.  John  Youl  arrived  in  Van  Diemen's 
Land,  1818. 

Foundation  stone  of  St.  James's  church,  Syd* 
ncy,  laid  by  Governor  Macquarie,  October  7, 
1819. 

Christ  church,  Newcastle,  founded  by  Captain 
James  Wallis  (of  46th  Regt.)  in  1817,  opened 
in  1821. 

St.  James's  church,  Sydney,  opened.  Rev.  S. 
Marsden  preaching  the  opening  sermon,  July  6, 
1822. 

St.  Matthew's,  Windsor,  opened.  Rev.  Robert 
Cartwright  being  first  incumoent,  December  8, 
1822. 

Rev.  W.  Bedford  appointed  colonial  chaplain 
of  Tasmania,  1822. 

Rev.  Robert  Knopwood  retired  from  the 
ministry  on  a  pension,  and  preached  his  farewell 
sermon  at  St.  David's,  Hobart  Town,  April  27, 
1823. 

St.  James's  church,  Sydney,  consecrated, 
February  11,  1824. 

Rev.  Thomas  Hobbes  Scott,  originally  a  wine 
merchant,  who  acted  as  private  secretary  to  Mr. 
Bigge,  and  subsequently  became  a  clergyman, 
was  raised  to  the  title  of  Archdeacon  of  New 
South  Wales,  with  a  salary  of  £2,000  per  annum 
and  a  seat  in  the  Governor's  Council,  1824; 
arrived  May  7,  1825  ;  first  Archidiaconal  visita- 
tion by  Rev.  T.  H.  Scott,  June,  1825. 

St.  David's  church,  Hobart  Town,  consecrated 
by  Rev.  Samuel  Marsden,  1825. 

Foundation  stone  of  first  Church  of  England 
church  (St.  John)  at  Launceston  laid  by 
Governor  Arthur  on  December  28,  1824,  and 
first  services  held  by  Rev.  John  Youl,  December, 
1825. 


56 


CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND. 


List  of  clei^gymen  in  New  South  Wales  in  1825 
— (Dr.  Eeginald  Heber,  of  Calcutta^  had  juris- 
diction of  the  Church  of  England  in  New  South 
Wales) : — 

^  Rot.  T.  Hobbes  Scott,  Archdeacon. 
Rev.  Samuel  Marsden,  Chaplain. 
Rev.  Wm.  Ck>wper,  Sydnev,  Awistant  Chajdain. 
Rev.  R.  Hill,  Sydney,  Assistant  ChapUdn. 
Rev.  T.  Ilasaoll.  Parramatta,  Assistant  Chaplain. 
Rev.  R  Oartwrisrht.  Liverpool,  Assistant  Chaplain. 
Rev.  J.  Cross,  Winasor,  Assistant  Chaplain. 
Rev.  J.  Fulton,  Castlereaf  h.  Assistant  Chaplain. 
Rev.  S.  Redd&ll,  CampbeUtown,  Assistant  Chaplain. 
Rev.  O.  A.  Hiddloton,  Newcastle,  Assistant  CKkplain. 

Letters  Patent  promulgated  for  erecting  a  Cor- 
poration for  the  management  of  church  and 
school  lands  in  New  South  Wales,  March  15, 
1826. 

Second  visitation  held  by  the  Archdeacon  at 
St.  James's,  Sydney — the  clergy  ordered  by  the 
Governor  to  attend,  September  6,  1827. 

Rev.  John  Vincent  appointed  chaplain  to  the 
Moreton  Bay  settlement,  September  11,  1828. 

Rev.  W.  Docker  arrived  in  the  ship  "Adams" 
from  London,  November  11,  1828. 

Rev.  Archdeacon  Scott  returned  to  England, 

Rev.  W.  G.  Broughton  appointed  Archdeacon 
of  New  South  Wales,  December  7,  1828. 

Archdeacon  Broughton  (afterwards  the  first 
Metropolitan  Bishop)  arrived  September  13, 
1829 ;  was  sworn  into  office  by  the  Governor, 
September  17,  1829. 

.  Third  Archidiaconal  Visitation  at  St.  James's 
l^  Ven.  W.  G.  Broughton,  M.A.,  December  3, 
1829. 

Church  and  School  Corporation  dissolved, 
August  22,  1833. 

Australia  and  its  dependencies  erected  into  a 
Diocese  of  the  English  Church,  January  18,  1836. 

Rev.  Archdeacon  William  Grant  Broughton 
consecrated  in  England  by  Archbishop  Hornby, 
Bishop  of  Austraka,  with  a  seat  in  the  Le^sla- 
tive  Council  of  the  colony,  February  14,  1836. 

Rev.  Archdeacon  Brouffhton  returned  from 
England  with  the  title  ana  authority  of  Bishop 
of  Australia,  June  2,  1836. 

Right  Rev.  W.  G.  Broughton  installed  in  St. 
James's  church,  June  2,  1836. 

Rev.  Robert  Knopwood,  first  clergyman  in 
Tasmania,  died  at  Clarence  Plains,  Tasmania, 
November  8,  1836. 

Foundation  stone  of  St.  Andrew's  Cathedral, 
Sydney,  laid  by  Sir  Richard  Bourke,  March  16, 
1837. 

Bishop  Selwyn  arrived  at  Auckland,  May 
30,  1837. 

Rev.  C.  B.  Howard,  first  clergyman  of  C.  E., 
arrived  in  South  Australia,  January  26,  1838. 

Foundation  stone  of  Chinst  church,  Sydney, 
lltid  by  Bisliop  Broughton,  January  1,  1840. 

Foundation  stone  of  Trinity  church,  Sydney, 
laid  by  Bishop  Broughton,  June  23,  1840. 

Foundation  stone  of  church  at  Ashfield,  New 
South  Wales,  laid  by  Bishop  Broughton,  the 
ground  being  given  by  Mrs.  Underwood,  Septem- 
ber 9,  1840. 

Right  Rev.  Dr.  Nixon,  first  Anglican  Bishop 
of  Tasmania,  arrived  1842. 


Public  protest  in  St.  James's  church,  Sydney, 
by  Bisho]^  Broughton,  against  the  assumption 
by  Archbishop  Folding  of  the  title  of  Boman 
CathoUc  Archbishop  and  the  institution  of  an 
archiepiscopal  see  in  the  colony  other  than  the 
one  over  which  he  had  authority,  March  25, 
1843. 

First  Bishop  of  Brisbane  consecrated,  Jane 
14,  1843. 

Public  meeting  held  in  Sydney  for  the  pnrpoae 
of  devising  means  for  the  gradual  completion  of 
St.  Andrew's  Cathedral,  when  a  large  number 
of  persons  bound  themselves  to  raise  the  funds 
annually  required  for  such  purpose,  April  3, 
1846. 

Church  of  St.  Leonards'  (North  Shore,  Sydney) 
consecrated  August  5,  1846. 

Charles  Perry,  D.D.,  consecrated  first  Bishop 
of  Melbourne,  June  29,  1847. 

Right  Rev.  Augustus  Short,  first  Bishop  of 
Adelaide,  arrived  December  29,  1847. 

First  Bishop  of  Melbourne  (Dr.  Perry)  arnTcd, 
January  23,  1848  ;  installed  February  13,  1848. 

Bishop  Short  held  his  first  confirmation  at 
Trinity  church,  Adelaide,  March  9,  1848. 

First  ordination  service,  Adelaide,  June  29, 
1848. 

First  ordination  held  in  Melbourne,  June  25, 
1848. 

First  confirmation  in  Melbourne,  87  persons 
confirmed,  October  16,  1848. 

Synod  of  C.  E.  Colonial  Bishops  at  Sydney  ; 
the  Bishops  of  Sydney,  Tasmania,  and  Adelaide 
present,  1850. 

St.  Peter's  (first  church  in  Port  Phillip)  con- 
secrated, March  29,  1853. 

Right  Rev.  Dr.  Frederick  Barker,  Bishop  of 
Sydney,  consecrated  November  30,  arrived  May, 
1855. 

First  Sjmod  of  the  Diocese  of  Sydney  met, 
December  5,  1856. 

Bishop  Selwyn  left  New  Zealand,  October  20, 
186a 

St.  Andrew's  Cathedral  (foundatidn  stone  laid 
1819,  relaid,  March  16,  1837)  consecrated  and 
opened  on  St.  Andrew's  day,  November  30, 
1 868.  [The  pulpit  was  presented  by  Hon.  Robert 
Towns  and  Mrs.  Towns  ;  the  or^an  built  by  Hill 
and  Sons,  of  London,  and  coetmg  £2,000,  vu 
given  by  the  ladies  of  the  colony,  1866.] 

The  Countess  of  Belmore  laid  foundation  stone 
of  a  new  Episcopalian  diurch  at  Burwood,  near 
Sydney,  July  29,  1871. 

Foundation  stone  of  St.  Stephen's  xhurch, 
Newtown,  laid  by  the  Earl  of  Bdmore,  Novem- 
ber 11,  1871 ;  opened  1873. 

Third  Synod  opened  in  Sydney,  February  3, 
1874. 

Holiart  Town  Cathedral  consecrated  Febro- 
ary  6,  1874.  . 

Session  of  General  Assembly  opened  m  31el- 
boume,  September  28,  1874. 

Synod  opened  in  Sydney,  April  20,  1875. 

Consecration  of  Dr.  Thornton  as  Bishop  of 
Ballarat,  by  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  »* 
Westminster  Abbey,  May  1,  1S75. 


CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND. 


67 


B^t  Bey.  Dr.  Samuel  Thornton,  first  Bishop 
d  BftlUrmt,  arrived  in  Melbourne  (Victoria) 
Angaxt  5, 1875. 

^ighi  Rev.  Mathew  Blagden  Hale  installed 
M  Buhop  of  Brisbane,  December  15, 1875. 

Dr.  Perry,  Bishop  of  Melbourne,  resigned  his 
see,  April  29,  1876. 

First  sitting  Anglican  Synod  of  Queensland, 
AngQst  8,  1876. 

General  Synod  of  Church  of  Enghmd  of  Austra- 
lia and  Tasmania  held  in  Sydney,  October 3, 1876. 

Bight  Rev.  Dr.  Moorhouse,  Bishop  of  Mel- 
bourne, installed  at  St.  James's  Cathedral, 
Jinnsry  7,  1877. 

fieF.  J.  Selwyn  consecrated  Bishop  of  Mela- 
Beria,  1877. 

Tovers  of  St.  Andrew's  Cathedral  completed, 
Joly,  1877.  [The  Cathedral  is,  within  the  walls, 
160  feet  long,  62  feet  wide,  and  the  transepts 
110  feet  by  14  feet.] 

Church  Assembly  decided  to  erect  Anglican 
Cathedral  on  site  of  St.  Paul's  church,  Swanston- 
itreet,  Melbourne,  November  22,  1877. 

Dr.  Tyrrell,  Bishop  of  Newcastle,  intimated  to 
the  Synod  at  Newcastle  that  he  would  leave  to 
his  diocese  property  to  the  value  of  £250,000, 
May  8,  187a 

Rev.  Dr.  Barker,  Bishop  of  Sydney,  returned 
to  Sydney,  December  17,  1878. 

Dr.  Tyrrell,  the  first  Bishop  of  Newcastle, 
died  March  24,  1870. 

fioHOFs  07,  IN  Australia  and  Nkw  Zealand. 


DtOCSBS. 


Kajis  op  Bisnor. 


DATS  OP  OON. 


Adehide    

AockUod 

Mini 

fiWhurat    

Brtebuie    

Chhstdraich    

Itoedin    

Goolbara  

Graftoo  and  Aniddale . 

Velboiinie 

KtUoo 

KwwasUe 

J»th.WjL 

jMnttbod,  North ... 
Mney  (Jfetropofifan) 

TMBIUJa 

WitftpQ 

Wellington.^.! 


A.  Short '  1847 

W.  O.  Cowio   ....  1869 

8.  Thoniton    .....  1874 

B.  E.  Marsdeo    ..  1800 

M.  B.  Hale. 1875 

H.  J.  C.  Harper..  1856 

8.  T.  Neville   ....!  1871 

Hesac Thomas   ..'  1863 

J.  P.  Turner  . . . . '  1868 

J.  Moorhouse  ....  1876 

A.  B.  Suter 18^ 

Vacant.  

H.  H.  Pany    . . . . '  1877 

G.H.Stanton    ..  1878 

F.  Barker    1874 

C.  H.  Bromby  . .  1884 
E.  C.  Stuart  ....  1878 
O.  Hadfleld   '  1870 


Clkrgyicen  of*: — 
SneSoua  WaUt. 

Acocks,  Rev.  A.  D.,  Albury,  Goulbnm. 

Adduns,  Rev.  F.  W.,  I'aterson,  Newcantle. 

AIUq,  Rev.  Thomas  Verrier,  8t  Peter's,  Campbell- 

town,  Sydney. 
AIIduU,  Rev.  George  H.,  St.  Thomas,  Mulgoa ;  St 

Mark,     Greendale  ;      St     James,     Luddenham, 

Sydney. 
Alhrcod,    Rev.    Robert,   B.A.,   Ganoh,   St   James, 

Sydney. 
Anderson.  Rev.  W.,  Tarraffo,  Gonlbum. 
Archall,  Rev.  Charles,  B.A.,  (without  cure),  Sydney. 
Baber,  Itev.  Charles,  Rural  Dean,  Cook's  River  Road. 
Baile)',  Rev.  P.  R  S.,  Jamberoo  and  Shell  Harbour, 

Sydney. 

*  The  lui-iwnicd  pUcei  la  Ihaic  Iteta  rtftt  to  the  DioccMi. 


Barker,  Rev.  H.  Auriol,  B.A.,  Curate,  St  John,  Dar- 

llnghurst,  Sydney. 
Barry,  Rev.  SSiichary,  LL.D.,  St  Matthias,  Padding- 

ton,  Sydney. 
Banu«%  Rev.  Joseph,  St  Barnabas,  Sydney. 
Betts,  Rev.  James  C,  Bombala,  Goulbum. 
Bentian,  Rev.  H.  A.  T.,  Rylstone,  Bathurst 
Blomfleld,  Rev.  J.  R.,  All  Saints,  North  Parramatta, 

Sydney. 
Blacket  Rev.  A  R.,  B.A.,  Kelso,  Bathurst 
Boyoo,  Rev.  F.  B.,  Orange,  Bathurst 
Bode,  Rev.  GeorifeC,  St  Thomas,  Willoughby  and 

Gordon,  Sydney. 
Bode,  Rev.  F.  D.,  St  John.  Newcastle. 
BoUke.  Rev.  A.  J ,  St  Albans,  Newcastle. 
Bravey,  Rev.  J.  C,  Wellington,  Bathurst. 
Brown,  Rev.  George  (without  cure),  Penrith. 
Browne,  Rev.  William  (without  cure),  Sydney. 
Brown,  Rev.  A.  E.,  M.A.,  Bingera,  Barrabra,  Grafton 

and  Armidale. 
Britten,  Rev.  H.  H.,  St  Anne,  Ryde,  and   St  Pftnl, 

Pennant  Hills,  Sydney. 
Burke,  Rev.  J.  A.,  B.A.  (without  cure),  Sydnev. 
Carter,  Rev.  James,  lLd.,   St  Paul,  Oanterbuy, 

Sydney. 
Chapman,  Rev.  Robert  Maitland  (absent  on  leave), 

Newcastle. 
Child.  Rev.  Cioles,  B.  A.,  Osaon,  Rural  Dean,  Mor- 

petn,  Newcastle. 
Child,  Rev.  Stephen  Henry  (without  cure),  Waverley. 
Cocks,  Rev.  William,  Mumimburrah,  Goulbum. 
Coombos,  Rev.  William,  Coonamble,  Bathurst 
Cooper.   Rev.   W.    H.,  Glen    Innes,    Grafton    and 

Armidale. 
Clampett,  Rev.  Joseph,  Moama,  Goulbum. 
Corlette,  Rev.  J.  C,  M.A.,  St.  John,  Ashfield,  Sydney. 
Cowper.  Very  Rev.  Wm ,  M.  A.,  Dean  of  Sydney  and 

Archdeacon,  Sydney. 
Crisford,  Rev.  Edward,  Guyong,  Bathurst 

Dark,  Rev.  Joseph,  Curate,  Newtown,  Sydney. 

Daliymple,  Rev«  F.  M.,  Molong,  Bathurst 

Davis,    Rev.    Frederick,    Tenterfleld,    Grafton   and 

Armidale. 
Debenham,  Rev.  John  WUmott,   B.A.,  (Xvate,  St 

Paul,  Sydney. 
Dicker,  Rev.  h.,  Coonabarabran,  Bathurst 
Dixon,  Rev.  John,  Wickham,  Newcastle. 
Dodwell,  Rev.  J.  C,  Bungendore,  Goulbum. 
Druitt,  Rev.  Thomas,  Canon,  Cooma,  Goulbum. 
Dunning  Rev.  W.  H.  (absent  on  leave),  Grafton  and 

Armidale. 
Dunstan,  Rev.  Edward,  M. A.,  Forbes,  Bathurst 
Danstan,  Rev.  C.  C,  Bourke,  Bathurst 
Dunlop,  Rev.  Hugh,  Sofala,  Bathurst. 
Earl,  Rev.  R.  T.,  Eden,  Newcastle. 
Elder,   Francis   Rowling,    B.A.,  Curate,   St  Peter, 

Sydney. 
Elkin,    Rev.   John,    District  of  Broughton  Creek, 

Sydney. 
Eva,  Rev.   Robert,  Th.  AK.C.L.,  St  Bartholomew, 

Prospect  and  Seven  Hills,  Sydney. 
Ewing,  Rev.   Thomas    Qunpbell,   Rural   Dean,   St 

Michael,  Wollongong. 
Ewlng,  Rev.  R.  K.,  Inverell,  Grafton  and  Armidale. 
Faunce,  Rev.  A.  D.,B^nt.  Goulbum. 
Fox,  Rev.  Samuel,  St  Mu'k,  Picton  and  Oaks,  Sjrdnejr. 
Fox,  Rev.  G  M.,  Rockley  (without  cure),  Bathurst 
Gamsey,  Rev.  Charles  F.,  Christ  church,  Sydney. 
Gtough,    Rev.    Frederick,   Gunnedah,  Grafton    and 

Armidale. 
GOnther,  Rev.  William  J.,  M-A.,  Ouion,  Rural  Dean, 

St  John.  Parramatta,  Svdney. 
GUnther,  Rev.  James,  Ardideacon,  Mudgee,  Bathurst 
Greenway,  Rev.  C.  C,  Grafton.  Grafton  and  Armidale. 
G Wynne,  Rev.  C.  H.  A.,  B.A.,  Burrowa,  Goulbum. 

Hart,  Rev.  Samuel,  Walla  Walla,  Forbes,  Bathurst 

Hargrave,  Rev.  Joshua,  St  John,  Shoalhaven,  Sydney. 

Hawkens,  Rev.  W.  C,  IVuve,  Manning  River,  New- 
castle. 

Hayden, Rev.  Thomas,  MA,  St  John.  Darlinghnrst, 
Sydney. 

HiUyar,  Rev.  W.  J.  M.,  B.A.  (without  eureX  Dar- 
linghnrst 

Hirst,  Rev.  A.  C ,  Carooar.  Bathurst 

Holt,  Rev.  &  B ,  Gundagai,  Goulbum. 

Horton,  Rev.  Thomas  (without  cure),  Fftddington. 


58 


CHimCH  OF  ENGLAND. 


Hott^,  Rev.  William,  Cuiate,  St  James,  Sydney. 

Hod}(8on,  Rev.  CO.,  M.A.,  &C.L,  St  Will's  Col- 
lege. Darlington,  Sydney. 

Hunj^rford,  Kev.  Septimus  (without  cure),  Pad- 
dington. 

John;itone»  Rev.  O.  H.,  Casiiiliii,  Newcastle. 

Johnson,  Rev.  J.  U.,B.A.  (absent  on  leave),  Qrafton 
and  Armidale. 

Jones,  Venerable  D.  Evans,  Archdeacon,  Deniliquin, 
Ooulbum. 

Kelly,  Rev.  Richard  Hugh  Dickson,  St.  Paul's,  Rocky 
Point,  Sydney. 

Kemp,  Rev.  R.  Edgar,  M.A.,  SS.  Simon  and  Jude, 
Bowral,  Sydney. 

Kemmis,  Rev.  Thomas,  St  Mark,  Alexandria.  Sydney. 

Kins:,  Rev  R.  Lethbridge,  B.A.  Christ  church,  Gladech 
vule,  Sydney. 

King,  Rev.  George,  M.A.,  Enfield,  Chaplain,  Necro- 
polis, Sydney. 

King,  Rev.  H.  S.,  M.  A.,  Canon  Rural  Dean,  St  Michael, 
Surry  Hills,  Sydney. 

Langley,  Rev.  John  D.,  St.  David,  Sydney. 

Leigh,  Rev.  R ,  Jejcdzerick,  Gou'.bum. 

Love,  Rev.  J.  Gndiam  ^without  cure),  Qoulbum. 

Lumsdaine,  Rev.  William,  St.  Luke,  Burwood, 
Sydney. 

Lund,  Rev.  W.,  Deacon,  Brisbane  Water,  Newcastle. 

Manning,  Rev.  James  N.,  St.  Silas,  Waterloo,  and  St. 
Matthew,  Sydney. 

Martyn,  Rev.  W.  M.,  Taralga,  Ooulbum. 

Martin,  Rev.   Henry,  Deacon,  Warren,  Bathurst 

Marshall,  Rev.  W.,  Mumirundl.  Newcastle. 

May,  William,  M.A.,  North  Goulbum,  Ooulbum. 

Mayne,  R.  H.,  B.A.,  St.  John,  Hartley,  Sydney. 

Macarthur,  George  F.  (without  cure),  King's  School, 
Parramatta. 

M'Intosh,  Rev.  George,  Curate,  St  Mlcliael.Surry  Hills, 
Sydney. 

M'Keown,  Rev.  Robert,  St  Stephen,  Kurrajong,  Svdney. 

Middleton,  Rev.  Geoige,  St  Paul,  Emu  with  CasUe- 
reagh,  Sydney. 

Mills,  Rev.  C.  M,,  Denman,  Newcastle. 

Mitchell,  Rev.  Stanley,  St  Mar>%  Waverley,  (absent  on 
leave),  Sydney. 

Moran,  Rev.  J.  F.,  B.A.,  St.  John,  Camden,  Sydney. 

Mort,  Rev.  U.  Wallace,  M.A.,  AU  Saints,  Woollabra, 
Sydney. 

Morion,  Rev.  George  H.,  Canon,  St  Peter,  Sydnev. 

Nash,  Rev.  J.  J.,  M.A..  Williams  River,  Newcastle. 

Newman,  Rev.  C.  D.,  Wollombi,  Ne>»'castle. 

Newton,  Rev.  F.  R.,  Lower  Richmond  River,  Grafton 
and  Armidale. 

Newton,  Rev.  William  Shackfldd,  M.A.  (without 
cure),  Croydon. 

O'Connor,  Rev.  John,  Hill  End,  Bathurst 

O'Reilly,  Rev.  Thomas,  Canon,  St  Phillip,  Sydney. 

Pain,  Rev.  A.  W.,  B.A.,  Rural  Dean,  St  Paul,  Cobbity, 
and  St  Thomas,  Narellan,  Sydney. 

Palmer,  Rev.  H.  A,,  All  Saints,  Petersham,  Sydney. 

Patterson.  Rev.  James,  A.M.,  Kempsey,  On&ton  and 
Armidale. 

Porter,  Rev.  Henry,  B.A.,  Casino,  Grafton  and  Armi- 
dale. 

Pownall,  Venerable  W.  H.,  B.D.,  Archdeacon,  Wagga 
Waffga,  Goulbum. 

Priddle,  Rev.,  Charles  Frederick  D.,  St  Luke,  Liver- 
pool, Sydney. 

Proctor,  Rev.  Edmund  R ,  Bungonia,  Ooulbum. 

Pryoe,  Rev.  E  G.,  B.A.,  Braid  wood,  Goulbum. 

Puddicombe,  The  Venerable  A.  T.,  B.D.,  Archdeacon, 
Ooulbum. 

Read.  Rev.  R  J..  O'Connell,  Bathurst 

Rich,  Rev.  Charles  H.,  minor  Cbnon,  Gaol  Chaplain, 
Sydney. 

Robinson,  Rev.  S.,  Hay,  Ooulbum. 

Rogers,  Rev.  Edward,  Rural  Dean,  Holy  Trinity,  Syd- 
ney, Sydney. 

Ross,  Rev.  J  ,  M.A.,  Armidale,  Grafton  uid  Araiidale. 

Rowsell,  Rev.  J.  H  ,  All  Saints,  Hunter's  Hill,  Chap- 
lain for  Ho^ital  for  Insane,  Gladesville,  Sydney. 

Saliniere,  Rev.  Ed^urd  M.,  St  John,  Bishopthorpe, 
Sydney. 

Saunders,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Gulgong,  Bathurst. 

Scott,  Rev.  William,  M.  A.  Queanbe>itn,  Goulbum. 

Scott,  Rev.  Julius,  Albury,  Goulbum. 

Schleicher,  Rev.  John  T.,  St  Paul,  Castle  Hill,  Sydney. 


Sdwyn,  Rev.  A.  E.,  CSanon,  Christ  church,  New- 
castle. 

Seabom.  Rev.  H.  S.,  Wagga  Wagga,  Goulbum. 

Sharp,  Rev.  William  Hcuq'  M.A.,  (without  cure), 
Darlington. 

Sher)pard,  Rev.  Geoige  (without  cure\  ItolfenL 

Shaw,  Rev.  B.  E.,  B.A.,  Singleton.  Newcastle. 

Shaw,  Rev.  Archibald,  Stroud,  Newcastle. 

Shaw,  Rev.  John,  RA.,  St    Paul,  West   Maitlaad. 

Newcastie. 
Simm,  Rev.  S.,  Raymond  Terrace,  Newcastle. 
Sinclair,  Rev.  D.  M.,  Uralla,  Grafton  and  Armidale. 
Smith,  Rev.  Edward,  B.A.  (without  cure),  Lalm&in. 
Smith,  Rev.  E.  H.,  B.A.,  Jerry's  Plains.  Ncwi-aoflc 
Smith,    Rev.    Pierce    G.,   ILA.,    Canon,   Canbem, 

G«>ulbum. 
Smith,    Kev.  J.  L.,  RA.,    Lawrence,  Grsfton  and 

Armidale 
Smith,  Rev.  Thomas,  Canon,  Bathuri^t  Bathunt 
Smith,  Rev.  Matthew,  Bouligal.  Bathurst 
Spooner,  Rev.  A.  E.,  D.D.,  D.CL.,  Walcha,  GnJton 

and  Armidale. 
SiK>(>ner,    Rev.    Francis   E.,  Warialda,   Grafton  and 

Armi^e. 
Spooner,  Rev.   John,  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  niadulla, 

Sydney. 
Spencer,  Rev.  George,  Ttimut  Goulbum. 
Soares,  Rev.  AD,  Canon,  Goulbum,  Goulbum. 
Soares,  Rev.  G  ,  Benda,  Giiulbum. 
Stack,  Rev.  James,  St  Luke,  Dapto,  Sydney. 
Stretton,    Rev.    Frederick    William,    St  Uatthe«'fi, 

Windsor,  Sydnev. 
Stephen  Alfred  U.,  M.A,  Canon,  Rural  Dean,  St. 

Paul,  Sjilney. 
Swindells,  Rev.  J.,  BalransM,  Qoulbum. 

Tkylor,  Rev.  Robert,  St  St^ephen,  Newtown,  Sydney. 

Taylor,  Rev.  H.  E.,  Moruya,  GotUbum. 

Thomas,  Rev.  A.  C,  Scone,  Newcastle. 

Thom.'ion,  Rev,  H.E.,  Corowa,  Goulbum. 

Tollis,  Rev.  G  ,  Wallscnd,  Newcastle. 

Tress.  Rev.  Thomas  Broughton,  St  Mary,  Balmain, 

Sydney. 
^^^me^,  Right  Rev.  J.  F.,  D.D  ,  Bishop,  Grafton  and 

Armidale. 
l^rrrell.  Rev.   Lovick,  B  A.,  St  Peter,  East  Ualtland. 

Newcastle. 
ITnwin,  Rev.  Thomas  Warburton,  S(.  Luke,  Sydney. 
Tpjohn,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Morpeth,  Newcantle 
rracll.  Rev.  W.  F  B.,  St  Thomas,  Balmain,  SrdneT. 
Vaughan,  Rev  John,  St  Stephen,  Penrith,  Sydney. 

Walsh,  Rev.  Charles,  Lochinvar,  Newcastle. 

Walner,  Rev.  D.  T.,  St.  Mary,  West  Maitland,  New- 
castle. 

Wore.  Rev.  John  Maitland,  Young,  Goulbum- 

Walker,  Rev.  W,  H.  F.,  Bundarra,  Grafton  and 
Armidale. 

West,  Rev.  A.  R  S.,  Murrumbidgce,  Goulbum. 

Wilson,  Rev.  Thomas,  B.A.,  St  Jude.  Randwick, 
Sydney. 

Wilson,  Rev.  W.  S.,  B.A.,  Merriwa,  Newcastle. 

Wilson,  Rev.  F.  S.,  Grcnfell,  Bathurst 

WillLs,  Rev.  R.  S,  St  Matthew.  Manlv.  Sydney. 

Williams,  Rev  F.  C,  George's  Plains,  Bathunrt 

WiUiams,  Rev.  A.  L.,  M.A.,  Holdsworthy,  Sydney. 

Withey,  Rev.  Charles  F.,  Curate,  Wollongong, 
Sydney. 

Witcombe,  Rev.  W ,  Brcwarrina,  Bathurst 

White,  Rev.  W.  E.,  BA.,  Canon,  Muswellhrook,  New- 
castle. 

\^liite,  Rev.  W.  M.,  Adelong,  Goulbum.  . 

Whinfteld,  Rev.  John  F.  R,  Tamworth,  Grafton  and 
Armidale. 

Wood,  Rev.  0.  N.,  B.A.,  St  Mary,  Donham  Court, 
Sj'dney. 

Wood,  Rev.  William.  St  James'i^,  Pitt  Town,  Sydney. 

Wood,  Rev.  J.  Spiccr  (without  rare).  Paddin^ton. 

WooUs,  Rev.  WUliam,  Ph.  D.,  Rural  Dean,  St  Peter. 
Sydney 

Wnght,  Rev.  EH.,  Dubbo,  Bathurst 

Yanrington,  Rev.  W.  H.  H.,  B.A.,  Yass.  Goulbum. 

Yarnold,  Rev.  Alfred,  St.  Bartholomew,  Pyrmoot. 
Sydney.  „  .  .  ^ 

Yountr,  Rev.  R  W.,  St.  Paul,  Burwood  Height*. 
Sj-dney. 

Young,  Rev.  Joseph,  Oown,  Bathurst 


CHXTROH  OF  ENGLAND. 


59 


SiwZeiland. 

ADdcnon,  Rev.  Philip  C,  Akaroa,  C 

AnJrew,  Rev.  J.  C ,  M  A.,  Washington  Valley,  Kelson. 

Ash.  Rev.  T.  E.  B  A.,  Riverton.  O. 

Ashwell,  Rev,  Benj.  Yate,  Newcastle,  A. 

Aylmer,  Rev.  Wm.,  M.A.,  Aku>oa,  C. 

Hiker,  Rev.  Thomas  Fk.,  L  Kopuru,  A. 

RUVhy,  Rev  Wm  ,  Makara.  A. 

ftitet,  Rer.  Ja<«eph,  Devonport,  Auckland. 

Beaunwiit.  Rev.  G.  P.,  M.A.,  Lawrence,  O. 

i%?^  Rev.  B.  O'Callaifhan,  Auckland. 

Booth.  Rev.  Wm..  Wanurapo,  W. 

Boven.  Rev.  Croad.«iale,  B  D.,  Riccaiton,  a 

Brailley.  Rev.  Reg.  it.,  B.A.,  Lyttleton,  C. 

Body,  Rev.  Laurence  C,  Te  Awomatu,  A. 

Bree,  Rev.  Edward  N. .  Dedwood,  A. 

Brittau,  Rev.  F.  G.,  M.A ,  Papanui,  C. 

Brown,  Rev.  A.  N  (Archdeacon),  IViuranga,  A. 

htovn.  Rev.  H.  H.,  M.A.,  Taranaki,  T. 

Brown,  Rev.  K  L. 

BurTow,<,  Rev.  Robert  P.,  Auckland. 

Bun,  Rev.  H'-.  F.  (Archdeacon),  Blenheim,  M. 

BjnfT.  Rev.  Charles  J.,  Graham-st,  Dun. 

GJdLf.  Rev  Wm.,  Hamilton  w.,  A. 

Cliolraonddey,  Rev.  G.  J.,  Opawa,Chch. 

aarke.  Rev.  E.  B  (Archd  ),  h.D.   Waimate,  C. 

Clinton,  Rev.  J.  F.,  Arma?h-st.,  Chch. 

Ciate.*,  Itev.  Charles,  Waimate,  C. 

Ojckj?,  Rev.  Harry  B.,  M.A. 

Co%,  Rev.  Rirhard,  B.A.,  Wellington. 

Collin*,  Kev.  Henry,  Rakaia,  C. 

Cooper,  Rev.  Wm.  H.,  Christchurch. 

CutriU.  Rev.  G .  B.A.,  Can.,  Chch. 

Cruss,  Rev.  Edwd.  Samuel,  Westport,  N. 

Cubit!,  Rev.  Littleton  L.,  Wangarei,  A. 

I'sKnt,  Rc'V.  Alevander,  Paka,  T. 

I>c  Castro,  Rev.  Charles  D.,  Wellington. 

Dewe,  Rev  Jo^-n,  Clyde,  O. 

Dudley,  Rev.  Benjn.  T.,  Grafton  Road,  Auckland. 

l>o«llc.v,  Rev.  Benjn  W.,  M.A.  (Archd,),  Kangioiu,  C. 

Dunn,  Rev.  Christopher  B.,  Orari,  C. 

£«les,  Rev.  John  C,  Waipawa,  H.P. 

Rln^irds  Rev.  E.  O.,  B.A  (Archd.),  Dun. 

Eton,  Rev.  Wm.  Hy  ,  Hokltlka,  C. 

F»n«»urt,  Rev.  Thomas  Hutt,  W. 

Fendall,  Rev.  Henry,  B  A. 

FUvd!,  Rev  Thomas,  Christchurch. 

Forter,  Rev,  George.  Hilton,  C. 

Freeman,  Rev  Edward,  M.A..  Leithfield,  C 
Gifford,  Kev.  Aljjcnjon,  Oamani,  O. 
Oilbert,  Rev.  H.  J.  C,  Stafford,  Wd. 
Glass-on,  Rev.  Hv.,  B.A.,  Avonside,  Chch. 
Go«et,  Rev.  C  K.,  Upper  T^ueru,  W. 
Could.  Rev.  Prank,  Otahuhu,  A. 
Gf»uld,  Rev.  Henry  O.,  Woodend,  C. 
Cnivett,  Rev  H.,  B.A.  (Archd),  N.  Plym. 
flrat-e.  Rev  Thos.  S. 
Ctracc.  Rev.  Thos  8.,  junr. 
«rMjger,  Rev.  E.  H.,  M  A.,  Waikouaiti,  O. 
Herbert,  Rev.  Edwd  E.,  Addington,  Chch. 
Hall.  Rev.  R.  A..  M  .V,  Howick.  A. 
Hamilton,  Rev.  H.  H.  8 ,  B.  A.,  Cast,  C. 
Hampton,  Rev.  D.  O.,  Banks'  Peninsula,  C. 
Hire,  Rev  F.  A.,  M.  A.,  Chch.  Col.,  Chch. 
Hiqwr,  H.  W.,  M  A.  (Arch.),  Tlmaru. 
Harper,  Kev.  Walter,  M.A.,  Southbridge,  Q 
Harvey,  Hcv.  B.  W..  M.A.,  Bolton-rt.,  Wei. 
Hase'den,  Rev  John. 
Hobbs,  Rev  John.  Naseby,  O. 
Horell.  Rev.  De  Berdt,  Prebbleton,  C. 
Huti:hinson.  Rev.  Thomamn  S  ,  M.A. 
Inwood,  Rev.  Frederick  Richard. 
Irvine,  Rev.  G.  M.  D'A.,  M.A.,  Napier. 
Jaekson,  Rev.  Ritbt  S.,  Courtenay. 
Jaw)bn,  Rev.  Henry,  M.A.  (Dean),  Chch. 
Johnstone.  Rev  O.  H.,  M.A.,  Napier. 
Jones,  Rev.  Joshua,  Queenstown,  O. 
Jurd^Q,  Rev.  Charles,  B.A.,  Tauranga. 
Kempthonie,  Rev.  John  I'ratt,  Stoke,  N. 
Kidd,  Rev.  Robert,  LL.D.,  Kai  Iwi,  W. 
Kinder,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  PameH,  Aucl 
Knell,  Rev.  Amos,  Greytown,  W. 
Knowiew,  Rev.  Francis,  Invercartftll.        * 
Lambert,  Rev.  William,  B.A.,  Wairoa,  H.  B. 
Lciirhton,  Rev.  James.  Nelson. 
I<uvard,  Rev.  Edward  Athertoa 


Lloyd,  Rev.  Frederick  Charles. 

Lush,  Rev.  Vi3ocs-8ima%  M.A.,  Thames. 

M'William,  Rev.  James,  Otaki.  W. 

Marshall,  Rev.  Wm.,  Plavelock,  H.  B. 

Matthews,  Rev.  Joseph. 

Maun  sell ,  Rev.  Oeorjfu,  Waiapu,  H.  B. 

Maunsell,  Rev  R.,  LL.D.  (A-chd.) 

Mcrton,  Rev.  C.  J  ,  Heathcot  Val.,  Chch. 

Moon,  Rev.  Charles,  Wakeleld,  N. 

Moore,  Lorenzo,  MA.,  Port  Chalmers. 

Mules,  Rev.  CO.,  M.A..  Bridrewater,  N. 

Mulgan,  Rev.  Wm.  E.,  Katikati,  A. 

Nelson,  Rev,  Chas.  Moreloy,  M.A.,  Auc. 

Ncwth,  Rev  J.  h.,  M.A.,  John^onville.  W. 

Nicholls,  Rev.  C.  H.  8.,  Upper  Hutt,  W. 

O'Callaghan,  Rev.  A.  P,  M.A.,  Lincoln,  a 

Oldham,  Rev.  Wm.  Francis,  Roxlyu,  Dun. 

Opie,  Rev  F  T.,  Orford  East,  C. 

Otway,  Rev.  E.  R,  Ohlnetaki,  C. 

Pai<?e,  Rev  Wm.  E  ,  M.A.,  Ashburton,  C. 

Pascoe,  Rev.  Wm.  A. ,  Kilmore,  T. 

Penn^,  Rev.  Edwd.  Gorton,  M.A.,  Chch. 

Phillips,  Rev.  Edwd.  Jame.^. 

Poole,  Rev.  Samuel,  MA.,  Motueka,  N. 

Parritt,  Rev.  Thomas,  Wellinsrton. 

Preston,  Rev.  James,  Geraldine,  C. 

Pritt,  Kev.  L.,  B.A.  (Archd),  Auc. 

Purchaa,  Rev  A.  G.,  M.R.C  S  E  ,  Anc. 

Ronaldson,  Rev.  Wm.,  Milton,  O. 

Rutherford,  Rev.  Henry,  Ahaura,  N. 

Scott,  Rev.  Edward  Arthur,  Chch. 

8oott,  Rev.  Thoma:),  B.A.,  Kapanga,  A. 

Shearman,  Rev.  Joseph,  Waipukura,  H.  B. 

Sherriff,  Hev.  Francis,  Foxton. 

Simeox,  Rev.  F.  E.  T ,  Torangahan,  H.  B. 

Sotham,  Rev.  Frederick  John,  Porani^han,  H.  B. 

Soutir,  Rev.  Alex.  Chalmers,  Opotiki,  O. 

Sparling,  Rev.  H.  D.  D.,  B.A.,  Wark«x>rth,  A. 

Spear,  Rev.  John  Havelock,  M. 

Spencer.  Rev.  Seymour  M.,  Maketu,  M. 

Stack,  Rev.  A.  W.,  Arma^h-st,  Chch. 

Stanford,  Rev.  Robert  Loftus,  B.A.,  Dun. 

Stanley,  Rev.  Thomas  Litchflcld.  Dun. 

St.  Hill,  Rev.  Harry  Woodford.  Hutt,  WeL 

Stock,  Rev.  A.,  B.A.  (Archd.),  WeL 

Stoher,  Rev.  Harry.  B.A.,  Lincoln,  C. 

Tanner,  Rev.  Wm.  P  ,  M.A.,  InvercargUl. 

Taylor,  Rev.  Wm ,  Mauku,  A. 

T^on,  Rev.  Joseph  F.,  Masterton,  W. 

Thorpe,  Rev.  Richard  J.,  M.A  (Archd.),  Wellington. 

Tomhnson,  Rev.  A  K.,  M.  A.,  Onehunga. 

Towgood,  Rev.  Arthur,  B.A.,  Marton.  W. 

Townsend,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  Napier,  H.  B. 

Tudor,  Rev.  Thomas  Lloyd,  Wanganui. 

Turrell,  Rev.  Chas.,  M.-4.,  Riccerton,  C. 

Walsh,  Rev.  Philip,  Waitara,  A. 

Watkins,  Rev.  G.  T.  Nowell,  Waitara,  A. 

Watson,  Rev.  H.  C.  M.,  Madras-.st ,  Chch. 

WTiyte,  Rev.  W^m.  Atheniy,  F.R  G  S.,  Collingwood,  N. 

Wllks,  Rev.  George,  Invercargill 

Williams,  Rev.  Samuel,  Te  Ante,  H.  B. 

William,  Rev    Wm.  Leonard,    B.B.,    (Archd.),    Qit- 

borne,  H.  B. 
Williams,  Rev.  Wm.  N.  de  lAval,  Whan.,  A. 
Wilraer,  Rev.  John  Kidd,  Femside,  C. 
Willock,  Rev.  Wm.  Wellington,  M.A.    (Archd.),   Ri- 

otfton,  C. 
Wilson,  Rev.  James,  M.A.  (Archd.),  Yalduivt,  C. 
Wyatt,  Rev.  Edgar  Herbert,  Chch. 


Abraham,  Rev.  Thomas,  Toowoomba,  Brisbanei 

Black.  Rev.  J.  K.,  M.A.,  Christ  church,  Milton* 
Brisbane. 

Butterfly,  Rev.  T.  H.,  Oympie,  Brisbane. 

Campbell,  Rev.  H.  J.,  Allora.  Brisbane. 

Close,  Rev.  Richard,  M.A.,  Toowonr.  Brisbane. 

Court,  Rev.  D.  A.,  B.A.,  Kangaroo  Point,  Brisbaae. 

Creykc,  Rev.  Robert,  B.A.,  Kangaroo  Point,  Ms- 
bane. 

Etrlinton,  Rev.  W.,  Cleveland,  Brisbane. 

Gill>ertson,  Rev.  James,  Beenlcigh,  Brisbane. 

Glennie,  Yen.  Benlunin,  B  A.  (Archd.),  BrisbaiM 

Guineas,  Rev.  Herbert,  Gatton. 


60 


CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND. 


Haaaall,  Rev.  J.  8.,  Itinentiiig,  Brisbane. 
Holme,  Hev.  Thomas,  IC^borotwh,  Biiabaae. 
Houlbrook,  Rev.  C.  W.,  Chariesville. 
Hoekin,  Rev.  &,  North  OueeiulAnd. 
Huffill,  Rev.  W.  J.,  Btonthorpe,  Brisbane. 
HutchingB,  Rev.  E.  F.,  Roma.  Brisbane. 
Kioghan,  Rev.  P.  P.,  Blackall,  Brisbane. 
Locke,  Rev.  William,  B.A.,  Rockhampton,  Brisbane. 
Love,  Rev.  James,  Fortitude  Valley.  Brisbane. 
Madaren,  Rev.  A.  A.,  Ifackay,  Brisbane. 
Mason,  Rev.  H.  A.,  North  Queensland. 
Matthews,  Rev.  Junes,  Warwick,  Brisbane. 
Mabalm,  Rev.  Robert,  Dalby,  Brisbane. 
McCIeverty,  Rev.  James,  Drayton.  Brisbane. 
Mobcriey,  Rev.  £.  O.,  Gladstone,  Brisbane. 
Morris,  Rev.  William,  Bundabere. 
Moeeley,  Rev.  John,  Acting  Regutrar,  Brisbane. 
Newsiead,  Rev.  A.  C,  NorUi  Oueensbind. 
0«bom,  Rev.  C.  £.,  Warwick,  Brisbane. 
Pultoch,  Rev.  W.,  North  Queensland. 
Banun,  Rev.  T.  W.,  North  Queensland. 
Richmond,  Rev.  Frederick,  &>t  Lawrence,  Brisbane. 
Robinson,  Rev.  C.  O.,  M.A.,  All  Saints,  Brisbane. 
Ross,  Rev.  J.  A.,  North  Queensland. 
Smith,  Rev.  Frederick,  South  Brisbane. 
Sutton.  Rev.  John,  B.A ,  St  John,  Brisbane. 
Western,  Rev.  T.  W.,  Wyvenhoo. 
Zillmann,  Rev.  J.  H.  L.,  Ipswich,  Brisbane. 


South  Atutralia, 

Andrews,  Rev.  W  B.,  St.  Bartholomew,  Norwood. 
Bevis,  Rev.  H,  St.  John,  Maulesfleld ;  St  Mary, 

Echunga ;  Christchurch,  Strathalbyn. 
Bussel,  Rev.  W.  T.  (Deacon),  St  I'eter,  Robe. 
Ciorvan,  Rev.  J.  H.,  B.A.,  AH  Saints,  Moonta. 
Combs,  Rev.  Canon,  St  George.  Oawler. 
Craig,  Rev.  B.  T.,  D.D.,  Christ  church.  Mount  Gambfer. 
Dendy,  Rev.  A.,  D.D.,  St  Margaret's,  Woodville. 
Dove,  the  Venerable  Archdeacon,  M.A.,  St  Andrew, 

Walkervill*. 
Donaldson,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Christchurch,  Kapunda. 
Dodds,  Rev.  P.  R  P. 
Elcum,  Rev.  E.  E. 

Field,  Rev.  T.,  MA..  St  Pster,  Glenelg. 
Farr,  Rev.  Canon,  M.A. 
Green,  Rev.  S.,  St  Paul,  Port  Adelaide. 
Oower,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Christ  church,  Mount  Buker ;  St 

James,  Blakiston ;  St.  Thomas,  Balhannah. 
Haynes,  Rev.  J.  C. 

Hawkins,  Rev.  C.  W.,  St  John,  Auburn. 
Honner,  Rev.  A.,  St  George,  Woodforde ;  St  Martin, 

Campbelltown. 
Hocter.  Rev.  J.  T.,  B.A.,  St  Michael,  Mitcham. 
Howitt,  Rev.  H.,  St  Mary,  The  Bnrra. 
Howell,  Rev.  E.  T.,MA.,  St  Jude,  Port  Elliot;  Holy 

Evan;^liBt,  Goolwa. 
Holden,   Rev.    R.    W.    (Deacon),   Bt   John,   Mount 

Pleasant 
Houghton,  Rev.  J.,  Holy  Trinity,  Riverton ;  Emanuel, 

Chmkford ;  St  Paul,  Rhymie. 
Jenkins,  Rev.  C,  St.  Matthew,  Kensington. 
Marryat,   the  Venerable   Archdeacon,    M.A.,  Christ 

church,  N.  Adelaide. 
Marshall,  Rev.  W.  T. 
MUIer,  Rev.  E.  K.,  St  Stephen,  Wlllunga;  St.PhUlip 

and  St  James,  Noarlunga ;  St  Ann,  Aldini^a. 
Mudie,  Rev.  W.  H.,  St.  Saviour,  Glen  Osmond. 
Morse,  Rev.  G.  W.,  B.A.,  Christchurch,  Yankalilla; 

St  James,  Glenbum. 
Orchard,  Rev.  J. 

Pollott,  Rev.  James,  St  Luke,  Adelaide. 
Pollett,  Rev.  H.  M..  All  Saint.  Hindmorsh. 
Poole.  Rev.  F.  S.,  M.A.,  St  John,  Adelaide. 
Russell,  the  Very  Rev.  Dean.  B.D.,  St  Paul,  Adelaide. 
Reid,  Rev.  Richardson,  Holy  Trinity,  Adelaide. 
Robinson,  Rev.  W.  G. 
Sells,  Rev.  A. ,  Holy  Trinity,  Syndocb. 
Bpicer,  Rev.  C.  C,  B.A.  (Dearon.) 
Timlin.  Rev.  C.  G.,  St  Mary,  Wallaroo;  Christ  church, 

Webb,  Rev.  R  B.,  MA.,  St  Michael,  Bungaree;  St 

Barnabas,  Clare. 
Whittington,  Rev.  F.  T.  (Deacon.) 
WUUams,  Rev.  F.,  MA. 


Arthur,  Bev.  C.  R.,  M.A.,  Oarrick  and  Hadspea 

Adams,  Rev.  E.  P.,  Delonine  and  Chudlds^ 

Adams,  Rev.  H.  W.,  Hamilton. 

Atkinson,  Rev.  H.  D.,  RA.,  Stanley. 

An^er,  Rev.  J.  F^RA.,  Torquay  and  lalrobe. 

Bally,  Rev.  J.  R  H.,  St  John. 

Bromby,  Very  Rev.  H  R,  RA.,  Dean  of  HobartTon 

Bromby,  Rev.  Christopher,  B.A.,  All  Saints. 

BucUand,  Rev.  J.  V.  (curate).  All  Saints. 

Ball,  Rev.  R,  retired. 

Brownrigg,  Rev.  M.  B.,  Cknon,  St  J^hn. 

Barkway.  Rev.  Augustus.  St  Paul. 

Beresfnrd,  Rev.  A.  R,  D^EntrecasteauzGbaancL 

Bach,  Rev.  J.,  Jericho  and  Oatlands. 

Bramall,  Rev.  C.  J. .  Sorell. 

Burro wes.  Rev.  J.  (without  cure. ) 

Chambers,  Rev.  J.,  Evandale  and  Lymington. 

Cass,  Rev.  A.,  St  Leonards. 

Davies,  the  venerable  R  K,  B.A.,   ArehdeaooD  of 

Hobart  Town. 
Davenport,  Rev.  Arthur,  B.A ,  Holy  Trinity. 
Dixon,  Rev.  John,  Wlndemere  and  West  Tamai. 
Drew,  Rev.  H.  R,  (retired) 
Evans,  Rev.  J.,  Fingaland  Cullenswood 
Edwards,  Rev.  H.  X,  Westbury. 
Freeman.  Rev.  R  M.A.  (rotired)L 
Fookes,  Rev.  S.  R,  MA.,  Richmond. 
Fletchers,  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  Ross. 
Fktuns,  Rev.  J.  A.,  RA.,  Missionaiy  CleigymM. 
Gray,  Rev.  J.,  Hospital  Chaplain. 
Garrard.  Rev.  T.,  RD.,  Maoquarie  Plains. 
Orunoeli,  Rev  G.,  Glenorchy,  Newtown. 
Galer,  Rev.  D.,  Perth  and  Franklin  Village. 
Hales,  Rev.  Venble.  F.,  Archdeacon  of  LauDoeiton. 
Hudspeth,  Rev.,  M. A.,  Canon. 
Hughes,  Rev.  H.  T.,  RA.,  Secretary  Church  Bodety. 
Hogg,  Rev.  J.,  Curate,  Holy  Trinity. 
Hugill,  Rev.  W.  W ,  Huon. 
Hay  ward.  Rev.  R,  Wynyard  and  Mount  BiseboS. 
Irwin,  Rev.  H.  O.,  M.A.,  Hagley,  andRmal  Deu. 

Launcestoii. 
Mace,  Rev.  J.  C.  St  David's  Cathedral. 
Mayron,  Rev.  Joseph  (retired). 
McDowell,  Rev.  Thomas,  Geoige  Town. 
Mason,  Rev.  A.  N.,  Newtown. 
Murray,  Rev.  W.  W.  F.,  M.A.,  New  Norfolk. 
Mitchell,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Avoca. 
Norman,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Creasy  and  Lake  River. 
Netheroott  Rev.  J.,  Swansea. 
Poulett-Harris,  Rev.  R  C,  Rector  of  the  High  SebooL 
Power,  Rev.  Cliftord,  B.A.,  Buckland. 
Smith,  Rev.  G.  R,  St.  George. 
Shoobridge,  Rev.  G.  W.,  Holy  Trinity. 
Savigny,    Rev.  W.  H.,  MA.,    Hesd-Master  Chorck 

Granunar  SchooL  ^^ 

Sharland.  Rev.  F.  B.,  B.A..  Brighton-com-Broadmana 
Thompson,  Rev.  R  H.,  Huon. 
Vaughan,  Rev.  C,  Cunpbelltown. 
Wills,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Kempton. 
Wayn,  Rev.  Arthur,  Longford. 
Wilson,  Rev.  Robert,  Rokeby  and  Belleriv^ 
Wright,  Rev.  G.  (without  cure.) 

Victoria— (Dioeete  qf  Melbourne). 

AUen,  Rev.  J.,  Woodend. 

Armstrong,  Rev.  G.  I ,  Daylesford. 

Atterburry,  Rev.  G.  J.,  Mooroopna. 

Bardin,  Rev.  C.  P.  M.,  Brunswick. 

Barlow,  Rev.  R.  R.  St  Mark,  Melbonme. 

Becher,  Rev.  Canon.  St  James.  Melbourne 

Betts,  Rev.  H.  A..  St  John,  Melbourne. 

Booth,  Rev.  C,  Northcote. 

Braxier,  Rev.  A.,  I^ncefleld. 

Bromby,  Rev.  J.  R,  St  Paul,  Melboame. 

Brooke,  Rev.  W.  A.,  Wellini^n-street»  St  Kllilk 

Burke,  Rev.  R  G.,  Baimadale. 

Bayne,  Rev.  R  B.,  South  Yarra. 

Caffln.  Rev.  A.,  LsxtL 

Gahill,  Rev.  M.  F.,  Yackandandah. 

Carlisle,  Rev.  J.,  Eaglehawk. 

Carter,  Rev.  W.,  Dandenong. 

Caton,  Rev.  J.,  St  Philip,  Collingwood. 

Chalmers,  Rev.  W.,  St  Paul,  Geelong. 

Chase,  Rev.  Canon,  St  John,  Carlton. 

Clampett,  Rev.  J.,  Echuca. 


CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND. 


61 


Cnvfonl,  Ten-  A.,  OMtTemaine. 

Cnwfonl,  Rer.  E.  A.,  OaaUemune, 

GtaKvdl,  Rev.  A.  W.,  CamberwelL 

Dopard,  Rev.  Canon,  Ualnubury. 

Devhunt,  Rev.  J.  F.,  Ingrlewood. 

Dkkiiuan,  Rev  R  B ,  Emerald  HUL 

FeUoira,  Rev.  W.,  Toorak. 

Filth,  Rev.  J.,  Moolap. 

Fori,  Rev.  W.  C,  suubury. 

Freeman.  Rev.  J.,  Winchelsea. 

Gtrtick,  Rev.  J.,  Christ  church,  Geelong. 

Garlick,  Kev.  T.  a.  Heidelburv. 

Goodhart,  Rev.  E.  &.  South  Yarra. 

Goodman,  Rev.  G.,  ChriMt  church,  Geelonff. 

Goodwin,  Rev.  T.  H.,  Heathcote. 

Gieen,  Rev.  W.,  Stratford. 

Gr^ory.  Rev.  J.  H..  AU  Saints,  St.  Kllda. 

Guisnes-s  Rev.  W.  N.,  South  Yam. 

HiU,  Rev.  J.  K.,  Gisborne. 

HsndfleM,  Rev.  Canon,  St.  Peter,  Melbourne. 

Haidinf.  Rev  A.  F.,  St.  Peter,  Melbouina 

Hartmaon,  Rev.  E.  W.  P.,  Walballa. 

HoIIia,Rev.  J.,Maffra. 

Hose,  Rev.  W.  C,  IWraville. 

Howard,  Rev.  Canon,  Beechworth. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  W.,  Alexandnw 

Herring.  Rev.  J.  E.,  Kjmeton. 

Kane,  Kev.  H  P.,  Brighton. 

KeUy,  Rev.  G.  W.,  Rondale. 

Kingaley,  Rev.  C,  Oaulfleld. 

Uagley,  Rev.  H.  A.,  Prahran. 

L'Oste.  Rev.  T.  W  H.,  Blackwood. 

Love,  Rev.  T.  C,  All  Saints,  Geelong. 

low,  Rev.  T.  S.,  Christ  church,  Bk  Kilda. 

Maeaitney,  Very  Rev.  H.  B.,  Melbourne. 

Macartnev.  Rev.  H.  B.,  Caulfield. 

RacCallaffh,  Rev.  Canon,  St.  Paul,  Ssndhurvt 

MantdlTRev.  W.  W.,  Efticndon. 

H'Oaaakuid,  Rev.  A.  T.,  Bacchus  Marah. 

Iby,  Rev.  J.  E.  F.,  All  Saints,  Sandhurst. 

Seville,  Rev.  T.  R,  WhitUesea. 

Piearse,  Rev.  W.  P. 

Perks,  Rev.  C.  T.,  Richmond. 

Pary,  Rev.  C.  S.,  St  Jude,  Carlton. 

Pkkering.  Rev.  A.  J.,  Eltham. 

Platte,  Rev.  F.  C,  Sandridjire. 

Foole,  Rev.  H.  J.,  Wangaratta. 

Potter.  Rev.  R,  St  Mary,  Uotham. 

Paekic,  Rev.  E. ,  Essendon. 

<^nton.  Rev.  T.,  Momington. 

Bodda,  Rev.  B.,  St  Luke,  Fitzroy. 

Rodda,  Rev.  E.,  Biigbton. 

Bodda,  Rev.  R  U.,  Broadmeadotre. 

Sudifoid,  Rev.  S.,  Mansfield. 

Soou,  Rev.  U.  F.,  Footscray. 

Scott,  Rev.  S.  B.,  Benalla 

Sergeant,  Rev.  T.  W.,  WilHamstown. 

Sharp,  Rev.  T.  B.,  Tamagulla. 

Short,  Rev.  R ,  Royal  Park,  Hotham. 

Smith.  Rev.  P.  T.,  Buln  Buln. 

Stretch.  Yen.  T.  C.  B ,  Balaclava. 

Stretch,  Rev.  T.  C.  T..  Maldon. 

Stretch.  Rev.  G.  F..  AH  Saints,  Qeelong. 

Taylor,  Rev.  S.,  Brighton. 

Thomas,  Rev.  C.  P..  Chiltem. 

Thomson,  Rev.  T.,  Carlton. 

Thomas,  Rev.  £■  A.,  Rochester. 

Toometh,  Rev.  A.,  Kibnore. 

Torrance,  Rev.  0.  W..  Trinity,  St  KOda. 

Tucker.  Yen  J.  R.  Wangaratta. 

Tucker.  Rev.  U.]?.^  Campespe,  Elnutre. 

Tombull,  Kev.  A.,  Dryackle. 

Vance.  Rev  Canon,  Kew. 

Teal,  Rev  E.  O.,  Ouiipaspa 

Watson,  Rev.  Canon,  Sale. 

Wataon,  Rev.  T.,  Pentridg& 

White,  Rev.  J.  A  ,  Wodon{$a. 

Wilkinson,  Rev.  H.  T.,  QueenacliiL 

Wilscm,  Rev.  F.  L.,  Euroa. 

Woolladton.  Rev.  U.  K.,  Trinity,  MelboumeL 

Wood,  Rev.  W.,  Hawthorn. 

Telland,  Rev.  C  M.,  St  Saviour,  Melbouma 

{Dioeem  cf  Ballarat) 

Adeney,  Rev.  H.  W.  H.,8t  Peter. 
AUanl^,  Rev.  CL  O.,  Brown  UiU. 


Allnutt,  Rev.  J.  O.  P.,  Portland. 

Andrew,  Rev.  C,  HowcU. 

Arnold,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Beaufort 

Baker,  Rev.  L.  A.,  Kingston. 

Ball,  Rev.  J.  A,  Avoca. 

Barren,  Rev.  H  H.,  Buninyong. 

Beamish,  Yen.  P.  J.,  D.D.,  Archdeacon,  Warmambool. 

Campbel,  Rev.  Colin,  Buangor. 

Collins,  Rev.  R  R,  Harrow. 

Cooper,  Rev.  H.  E.,  Clunes. 

Craig,  Rev.  B.,  Christ  church,  Ballarat 

Cross.  Rev.  O.  F.,  Coleraine. 

Cummins.  Rev.  R  T.,  St  Paul,  Ballarat 

Du  Bois,  Rev.  E.  H.,  Mortlake. 

Franklin,  Rev.  E.  G ,  Clunes. 

Glover,  Rev.  J.,  Creswick. 

Green,  Rev.  S.  D.,  Oolac. 

Hall,  Rev.  W.,  Kingower. 

Homan,  Rev.  P.,  Ararat 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  J.,  Oamperdown. 

Innee,  Yen  G.  A.  C,  M.  A.,  Archdeacon,  Hamilton. 

Levis,  Rev.  J.,  Ballao. 

MacFarlane,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Casterton. 

Mercer.  Rev.  R  J.,  St  John,  Ballarat 

Morris,  Rev.  H.  C.  C,  Maryborough. 

Norton,  Rev.  J.,  Smythesdale. 

Onyons,  Rev.  J.,  Gaiisbrook. 

Potter,  Yen.  J.,  BA.,  Archdeacon,  Ballarat 

Radclifle,  Rev.  E.  S.,  Belfast 

Rupp,  Rev.  C.  L.  R,  Koroit 

Sabine,  Rev.  T ,  Birregorra. 

Star,  Rev.  J.  B..  St  Amaud. 

Stone,  Rev.  J..  StaweU. 

Walker,  Rev.  S.,  Learmonth. 

Watson,  Rev.  J.  M..  Horsham. 

Winn,  Rev.  J.  L.,  Dimolly. 

Yeatman,  Rev.  £.  K.,  Linton  and  Oamgham. 

Wftem  AuHraUet. 

Allen,  Rev.  James,  St  Georse's  Cathedral 

Alderson.  Rev.  Richard,  M.A.,  Pingarreh. 

Brown,  Yen.  James,  M.A.,  Archdeacon,  Swan. 

Brown,  Rev.  Henry  W.,  M.A.,  Bussellon. 

Brown,  Rev.  Stephen,  Nortbam. 

Cof  hlan.  Rev.  Frank,  RA.,  Assistant  Master,  Bishop*! 

College. 
Friel,  Kev.  Thos.  Henry,  Irivin 
Gegg,  Yery  Rev.  Joseph,  Dean,  St  George's  Cathedral. 
Howard,  Rev.  George  R,  York, 
JohnJiton,  Rev.  Wardell  W.,  B.A.,  Albany. 
King,  Rev.  Bryan  M.,  Greenouffh. 
Lynch,  Rev.  Fred.,  BA.,  Beverly. 
Laurence,  Rev.  Henry,  Geraldton. 
Kicholay,  Rev.  Charles  Glenfell,  Fremantle  Prison. 
Pidoock,  Rev.  W.  Hugh,  Toodyay. 
Sadler.  Rev.  Geo.,  RA  ,  GuiguL 
SweeUng,  Kev.  Geo.  H.,  B.A.,  Guildford.    • 
Watklns,  Rev.  D.  Glyim,  Fremantle. 
Withers,  Rev.  Joseph,  Bnnbury. 

CoMMUNioM  Services  in  connection  with 
THE.  In  1803  His  Majesty  King  George  III  pre- 
sented two  communion  services  to  the  **  settle- 
ments.*' One  of  these  is  in  St.  Phillip's  church, 
SYdney,  the  other  in  St.  David's,  Hobart  Town, 
llie  two  services  are  simihur.  The  height  of  the 
fiacons  is  15  inches,  the  handle  of  each  3  inches 
hi^er ;  the  two  chalices  are  10  inches  high  ; 
and  the  two  pattens  lOJ  inches  in  diameter. 
Some  cUfference  is  observable  in  the  sacred 
monograms  engraved  upon  the  vessels,  a  cross 
running  through  the  central  letters  and  the 
three  nails  appearing  below.  The  following  is 
the  inscription  on  the  service  at  St.  Phillip's  : — 
**  This  service  of  communion  plate  was  presented 
by  His  Majesty  King  George  III.  for  the  use  of 
the  chapel  at  His  Majesty's  settlfement  at  Syd- 
ney, in  New  South  Wales,  in  1803.  I.H.S." 
The  one  in  Hobart  Town  contains  the  follow- 
ing:  **This  service  of  communion  plate  was 


68 


CIVIL  ACnON— COALl 


presented  by  His  Majesty  Kinff  Greorge  m.  for 
the  use  of  tfie  chapel  at  His  Majesty's  settle- 
ment at  Port  Phillip,  Bass's  Straits,  in  New 
South  Wales,  1803,"  and  arrived  in  the  "Cal- 
cutta," from  England,  on  the  anniversary  of 
the  colony,  January  26,  1804. 

CIVIL  ACTION.  The  first  of  any  note  in 
the  colony  of  New  South  Wales  was  tried  in 
1795.  [A  hog,  belonging  to  a  Mr.  Bolton,  hav- 
ing been  shot  by  some  of  the  soldiers,  an  alter- 
cation took  place,  and  some  of  tlie  military 
assaulted  Bolton  with  a  loaded  musket,  as  was 
alleged,  at  the  instance  of  two  officers  of  the 
corps.  Damages  were  laid  at  £oOO,  and  the 
case  occupied  several  days.  A  verdict  was 
given  for  twenty  shillings.  An  appeal  was  made 
to  the  Governor,  who  confirmed  the  verdict.] 

CLAIMANT.  Arthur  Orton,  alias  Tom  De 
Castro.  Claimant  to  the  Tichbome  title  and 
estates,  convicted  in  England,  perjury,  in  1874, 
sentenced  to  fourteen  years  penal  servitude. 
Lived  formerly  in  Wagga  Wagga,  New  South 
Wales,      [fiiee  Tichborne.] 

CLAN  CAMPBELL.  Meeting  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Clan  Campbell  at  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  Sydney,  held  for  the  purpose  of 
assisting  in  a  proposed  ottering  to  the  Princess 
Louise  (on  her  marriage  with  its  representative, 
the  Marquis  of  Lome),  January  23,  1871. 

CLARE,  River,  discovered,  March  29,  1845. 

CLARENCE,  River.  Captain  Barkus,  in 
H.M.  schooner  *'  Alli^tor,"  whilst  in  search  of 
a  supposed  wreck,  discovered  a  river  of  some 
magnitude  south  of  the  Tweed,  supposed  to  be 
the  **  Clarence  "  or  the  "  Richmond,  of  Captain 
Rouse,  September  5,  1827.  Hon.  Captain 
Rouse,  in  H. M.S.  "Rainbow,"  discovered  two 
large  rivers  to  the  northward  of  Sydney,  where 
there  is  a  firm  and  safe  anchorage.  He  pro- 
ceeded a  considerable  distance  up  both  fivers, 
and  reported  the  country  to  be  well  wooded, 
the  climate  salubrious,  and  the  soil  apparently 
of  the  richest  description.  One  of  these  rivers 
he  named  the  **  Clarence,"  the  other  the  "  Rich- 
mond." Botli  rivers  lie  between  Sydney  and 
Moreton  Bay,  in  the  usual  track  of  vessels 
trading  to  Sydney,  which  makes  it  remarkable 
that  they  were  not  previously  discovered .  ( iSifd- 
net/  Gazette,  September,  1828,  and  August  13, 
1829.)    August,  1828.  [<S«e  Richmond  River. ] 

GUMATE. 

Climats  or  THE  mixciPAL  Australian  Colonies. 


Temperature. 


NaiiM  of  Colony. 


Oni**n«l<ind,  nrinbinc 
Ni-w  "onth  WnlM.  '^yrfin' 
Victniia,  .Mfl'tnurne.. 
Fouth  XuntnliAi  A  l«*l:iiil< 
Ta<mnia.  Ilnhiiit  Titwn 
New  7e\\*n'\.  Villinirt 


it 

il 

u 

► 

Mean 

3     . 
;  M 

1  *• 
5d 

m 

""a 

'o.n 

ji 

IM... 

31  A 

</• 

20.9 

76  ! 

V2.4 

iin.o 

>Ml.H 

1  •' 

11.7 

n 

y.i 

11.2 

.17. i» 

l.J 

I8H 

Ti 

•w.i 

'  13.5 

M.I 

••1  ■ 

2".6 

8f> 

^'.4 

l«^.^.(l 

29.0 

fl 

17,9 

75 

•..■s.r, 

»*.».o 

rjrin 

■.-1 » 

12  0 

6^ 

*    •   • 
.  c  o 


.11 
M 
3« 

n 
n 

47 


16'M  FuvM  un  Dmi  «•■«•.] 


CLUB-HOUSES. 

Adelaide  (S.A.)  : — AdeJaile Club ;  BuAkman't 
Club ,  City  Club  ;  CivU  Sfrvicc  Club  ;  Da-  Devi- 
sche  Club  ;  Flinders  Club. 

Auckland  (N.Z.)  :—  Auckland  Club  ;  Gfr- 
man  Club  ;  Northern  Club;   Worldng-mnCs  Club. 

Brisbane  {Q.)  :— Brisbane  Club;  Queensland 
Club. 

Welunoton  (N.Z.)  '.—  Wellington  Clvh. 

HoBART  Town  (Tasmania)  :  —  Ta^miaman 
Club  ;   Working  Men's  Club. 

Melbourne  (Victoria)  :—^/A/»n/Fittn  Club; 
Cosmopolitan  Club  ;  University  (Uub  ;  McIhourM 
Club  ;   Victoria  Club  ;   Yorick  Club. 

Sydney  (N.S.W.)  .— Australian  Cluh;  Unto* 
Club  ;  German  Club  ;  Beform  Club. 

CLYDE,  River,  (N.S.W.)  Lieutenant  R. 
Johnston,  R.N.,  in  the  cutter  **  Schnapper,*' 
with  a  part^,  of  which  Mr.  Hamilton  Hume 
was  one,  discovered  and  named  Clyde  River 
(native  name  finndoo) ;  explored  it  for  30  miles, 
and  learned  from  the  natives  that  Captain 
Stewart  and  party,  who  had  left  Sydney  a  few 
months  previously  to  make  an  examination  of 
the  coast  of  Twofold  Bar  (Liud  Journal),  had 
been  wrecked,  and  probably  murdered  by  the 
natives  whilst  endeavouring  to  make  their  waj 
back  overland  :  December,  1820. 

COACH.  The  first  hackney  coach  ever  intro- 
duced into  the  colony,  was  o^^'ned  by  Mr.  Hart 
(the  stand  being  fixed  near  King's  Wharf, 
Sydney),  and  commenced  to  ply  for  hire  Novem- 
ber 15,  1830. 

COAL,  First  Discovert  of,  at  Port  Stephens, 
May,  17i)6 ;  at  Mount  Keira,  Ulawarra,  Febru- 
ary, 1 797.     [A  vessel  calleil  the  *  *  Sydney  Cove,** 
from  Bengal  to  Sydney,  being  wrecked  on  the 
coast,   some  of  the  crew  made  their  way  to 
Sydney,  after  enduring  many  hardships;  two 
days  before  their  arrivu  they  had  fallen  in  with 
a  quantity  of  this  valuable  article,  with  some  of 
which  they  had  kindled  a  fire.    A  boat  was  dis- 
patched to  the  place  to  ascertain  the  fact,  and 
in  the  face  of  a  deep  clifif  washed  by  the  ocew« 
a  stratum,  in  breadth  six  feet,  and  extending 
about  nine  miles  to  the  southward,  was  discov- 
ered] ;  to  the  northward  of  Sydney,  September 
19,  1797.     [A  vessel  called  the  •*  Cumberland" 
having  been  piratically  seized,  two  boats  were 
manned  and  sent  in  pursuit,  but  returned  after 
an  absence  of  thirteen  days  without  discovering 
the  fugitives,  but  one  of  the  commanders,  Lieu- 
tenant John  Shortland,   in  the  course  of  the 
voyage,  discovered  a  river  to  which  he  gave  the 
name  of  "Hunter,"  and  the  entrance  to  which 
he  explored.     Adjacent  to  the  harbour  (now 
called  Newcastle)  was  found  a  very  considerable 
quantity  of  coal  of  a  good  quality  (some  speci- 
mens of  which  were  brought  to  Sydney)  lying  » 
near  the   water's  edge  as  to  ))e  oonveniently 
shipped] ;  in  Van  Diemen's  Land,  June  0, 1^16 ; 
in  Western  Australia,  September  9, 1846 ;  seam 


COCKATOO  ISLAND—COLONIAL  OFFICR 


63 


of  eod  discovered  at  Fingal,  TasmaniA,  February 
26, 1873 ;  discovered  on  the  Mackenzie  Biver, 
Qaeenaland,  April  10,  1878. 

The  FiRflT  Expoktation  of,  from  N.S.W., 
took  pUoe  by  exch^ge  with  the  master  of  the 
ahip  "Comwallis,"  Captain  Michael  Ho«m, 
who  arrived  in  Sydney  with  convicts  from  Ire- 
land :  on  this  occasion  45  tons  of  coal  from 
the  Hunter  River,  N.S.  W.,  were  changed  for  a 
quantity  of  nails  and  iron,  January,  1800  (the 
cargo  sent  to  Cape  of  (rood  Hope) ;  the  first 
regular  export  of  coal  took  place  when  a  small 
bng  called  the  '*Anna  Josepha,"  which  had 
been  built  in  the  colony,  was  freighted  with 
colonial  timber  and  coals,  and  despatched  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  both  the  coals  and  timber 
meeting  with  a  ready  market  there,  the  coals 
being  sold  at  £6  per  ton,  1801 ;  the  monopoly  of 
coal  by  the  A.  A.  Company  condemned  and 
giren  up,  1847- 

COCKATOO    ISLAND    (now  Biloela),    Port 

Jackson,  N.S.W.  Prisoners  removed  to,  and 
the  Superintendent's  department  to  offices  in 
the  Executive  Council  Chambers,  Jan.,   1848. 

COLD.  The  temperature  at  Kiandra,  N.S.W., 
was  8  below  zero,  Aug.  12,  1872. 

COLLECTOR  OF  CUSTOMS,  first.  [See 
Campbell,  J.  F.] 

COLLEGE.  Sydney  College  founded,  1830. 
[iktt  Graalaiar  School.] 

COLLEGES.  [See  Education,  aUo  Univer- 
sities.] 

COLLINS,  David.     [See  "Mbn  op  the  Time  " 

{CAlin^).] 

C<)LLINS,  Lieut. -Colonel,  continued  to  act 
as  Judge- Advocate  from  the  foundation  of  the 
Colony  of  New  South  Wales  until  the  year 
l^>i,  when  he  was  appointed  Lieut. -Governor 
ofTasinauia.  [See  "Men  oFTUETiME"(Co(/t/i«).] 

COLONIAL  CLERGY  ACT,  37  &  38  Vic,  c. 
77,  removing  certain  disabilities  of  persons  not 
onUined  by  Bishops  of  the  United  Church  of 
Kngland  and  Ireland,  passed  August  7,  1874. 

COLONIAL  INSTITUTE,  established  to  pro- 
mote the  interests  of  the  Colonies ;  Lord  Bury 
tirat  President ;  held  its  first  meeting  June  26, 
1S63,  and  first  annual  meeting,  June  29,  1869 ; 
usumed  the  title  of  **  Royal  Colonial  Institute,*' 
March  7,  1870.  The  first  volumes  of  its  pro- 
oetd.ofs  have  been  published.  The  formation 
of  a  National  and  Colonial  League  resolved  on 
at  a  meeting  held  in  Cannon-street,  London, 
Jooaary  5,  1870  ;  Duke  of  Manchester,  second 
President,  resigned,  1878;  H.R.H.  Prinoe  of 
Wales  third  Pr^ident,  187a 

COLONIAL  OFFICB.  In  the  reign  of 
(George  III,  1768,  a  Secretary  of  State  for 
the  American,   or   Colonial   depwrtm«it»    was 


appointed,  in  addition  to  the  two  principal  Sec- 
retaries of  State  then  existing;  but  this  new 
office  was  abolished  in  1782  by  Statute  22  Geo. 
Ill,  c.  82.  In  1782  the  duties  of  the  two  prin- 
cipal Secretaries  of  State  were  divided  into 
**  Home"  and  "  Foreiffn  "  ;  the  affairs  of  Ireland 
and  the  colonies  devonrinff  on  the  Home  depart- 
ment ;  those  of  the  c<3onies  constituting  a 
separate  branch  of  the  Home  department  ciuled 
**  the  Office  for  Plantations,"  which  was  at  first 
managed  by  a  separate  Under-Secretary.  At  its 
oonmiencement  m  1793,  the  affairs  of  the  War 
were  numa^^  by  the  Home  department,  but  in 
1794  a  prmcipal  Secretary  for  War  was  ap- 
pointed, and  the  business  of  the  colonies  was 
transferred  from  the  Home  to  the  War  depart- 
mint  in  1801.  In  1854  a  fourth  principal  Secre- 
tary of  State  was  added  for  War,  the  affairs  of 
the  colonies  remaining  under  the  exclusive 
chaise  of  a  principal  Secretary  of  State.  In 
1858  a  principal  Secretary  of  State  was  added 
for  the  affairs  of  India. 

Bbcrxtasies  op  Statk  who  adiiikistbrbd  tiib  Anrans  op 
TUB  Colonies  between  1768  and  1870. 

Wills,   Earl   of  Hillsborough  (aitenrards   Marquis  of 

Downshire),  Februarv  27, 1768. 
William,  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  August  27, 1772. 
Lord  George  Sackville  Qennaine  (afterwards  Viscount 

SackvUle),  January  26,  1776. 
Welbore  Ellis,  Esq.  (afterwards  Lord  MendipX  March  8, 

1782. 
William,  Earl  of  Shelburne,  April  15, 1782. 
Thomas,  Lord  Grantham,  July  17,  1782. 
Thomas  Townshend,  (afterwards  Lord  Sydney),  October 

5,  1782. 
Frederick,  Lord  North  (afterwards  Earl  of  Guildford), 

April  18, 1783. 
Francis,  Marquis  of  Oaermarthen  (afterwards  Duke  of 

Leedtf),  December  23, 1783. 
Thomas  Lord  Sydney,  January  22, 1784. 
William  Wyndham  Grenviile  (afterwards   Lord  Gren- 

ville),  June  6, 1789. 
Henry  Dundas  (afterwards  Viscount  Melville),  March  28, 

17»2. 
William  Henry,  Dike  of  Portland,  August  7, 1794. 
Right  Hon.  Uenry  Dundas  (afterwards  Viscount  Mel- 

villeX  170&- 
Lord  Uobart  (afterwards   Earl  of   BackinghamshireX 

1801. 
Earl,  late  Marquis,  Qunden,  1804. 
Viscount  Castlereagh  (afterwards  Bfarquis  of  London- 

derry),  1806. 
Right  Hon.  W.  Windham,  1800. 
Viscount  Castlereagh  (afterwards  Marquis  of  London- 

derry),  1807. 
Earl  of  Liverpool,  1809. 
Earl  Bathurst,  1812. 
Viscount  Ooderich,  1827. 
Right  Hon.  W.  Huskisson. 
Sir  George  Murray,  182S. 

Viscoant  Goderich  (afterwards  Earl  Ripon),  1830. 
Right  Hon.  £  G.  Stanley,  late  Earl  of  Derby,  1833. 
Right  Hon.  Thomas  Spring  Rice  (afterwaros  Lord  Moo- 

teagle),  1834. 
Earl  of  Aberdeen. 

Right  Hon.  Charles  Grant,  late  Lord  Glenelg,  1886. 
Marquis  of  Normanby,  1839. 
Lord  John  Russell,  now  Earl  Russell. 
Lord  Stanley,  late  Earl  of  Derby,  G.C.M.G.,  1841. 
Right  Hon.  William  Ewart  Gladstone,  1846. 
Earl  Grey,  G.C.M.G.,  1846. 
KJifht  Hon.  Sir  John  8.  Fakhigton,  Bart,  now  Laid 

Hampton,  1862. 
Duke  of  Newcastle,  1852. 
Right  Hon  Sir  G.  Grey,  Bart,  June  10, 1854. 
Bight  Hon.  Sidney  Herbert,  afterwards  Lord  Herbert  of 

Lea,  February,  186& 
Lord  John  Russell,  now  Earl  Runell,  K.O.,  O.C.M.G., 

Mi^  16, 1856. 


64 


COLONIAL  SECRETARIES— COMPANIEa 


Bight  Hon.  Sir  Wffliun  Molesworth,  Bart.  July  2L 
Rurht  Hon.  Henry  Labouchere,  afterwards  Lewd  Taunton, 

November  17. 
Lord  Stanley,  now  Earl  of  Derby,  February  28, 186& 
Bight  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Bulwer  Lytton,  Bart.,  afterwaida 

Lord  Lnton,  O.C.M.O.,  May  31, 1858. 
Dulce  of  ffewoastle,  K.O ,  June  18, 1859. 
Bight  Hon.  Edw-ard  Cardwel],  now  Viacoiut  Gardwell, 

April  4,  1864. 
Earl  of  Carnarvon,  July  0, 1806- 
The  Duke  of  Buckingham  and  Chandoe,  llarch  8, 1867. 
Earl  Granville,  K  O.,  December  10, 1868. 
Earl  of  Kimberley,  July  6, 1870. 
Earl  of  Carnarvon,  February  21, 1874. 
Bight  Hon.  Sir  Michael  E.  Hicks-Beach,  Bart,  February 

4,  1878. 

UKDca-SicRErABiKa  OP  Statr  for  tub  Goloxisb. 
ParUatnentary. 

Sir  John  Shaw  Lefevre,  K.C.a,  1833. 

The  Bight  Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  1834. 

Sir  Geofge  Grey  Bart.  1835. 

Bight  Hon.  Henry  Laoouchere  (aftemiupds  Lord  Taun- 
ton), 1830. 

Bight  Hon.  Herbert  Vernon  Smith  (afterwards  Lord 
Lyveden).  1839. 

George  William  Hope,  M.P.,  1841. 

Lord  Lyttelton,  K.C.M.C..  1845. 

Benjamin  Hawes,  M.P.,  1846. 

Bight  Hon.  Sir  Frederick  Peel,  K.C.M.G.,  1851. 

John  Ball,  1856. 

Bight  Hon.  Chichester  S.  Fortescuo  (now  Lord  Oarling- 
TordX  1857. 

Earl  of  Carnarvon,  1858. 

Bight  Hon.  Chioester  S.  Fortescue  (Lord  CarlingfordX 
1850. 

Bight  Hon.  W.  E.  Fonter,  M.P.,  1865. 

Bight  Hon.  Sir  C.  B.  Adderley,  K.C.M.G.,  M.P.,  1806L 

Bight  Hon.  W.  Monsell  (now  Lord  Emiy),  186a 

The  Bight  Hon.  E.  H.  KnatchbullHugessen,  M.P.,  1871. 

James  Lowther,  M.P.,  1874. 

PertnanenL 

Sir  James  Stephen,  K.C.R,  1835. 

Herman  Merivale,  C.B,  1847. 

Sir  Frederic  Bogers,  Bart,  K.C.M.G.  (now  Lord  Blacfa- 

ford),  1859. 
Bobcrt  George  Wyndham  Herbert,  D.C.L.,  1871. 

AgHHant 

SirT.  Frederick  Elliot,  K.C.M.G.,  1840-6a 

Sir  F.  B.  Sandford,  C.B.,  1868-70. 

B.  G.  W.  Herbert,  D.C.L..  1870-1. 

Sir  H.  T.  HoUand,  Bart,  K.C.M.G.,  1870-t 

The  Hon.  B.  H.  Meade,  1871. 

W.  B.  Malcolm,  1874. 

Sir  Julian  Pauncefote,  1874-6^ 

John  Bramston,  D.C.L.,  1876. 

COLONIAL  SECRETARIES,  Imperial. 
Frederick  Goulburn  to  January  3,  1826  ;  Alex. 
Macleay  to  April  14,  1836 ;  E.  Deas-Thomson 
to  June,  1856. 

COMETS.  First  seen  by  Mr.  Romker  at 
Parramatta,  May  24,  1822;  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Robertson  at  Deniliquin,  January  16,  1865 ;  in 
Melbourne,  July  29,  1874. 

COMMERCE.  For  the  first  time  in  the  history 
of  New  South  Wales  the  exports  exceeded  the 
imports,  1844 

COMMERCIAL.  DEPRESSION.  Consider- 
able disarrangements  in  commercial  transactions 
took  place  in  New  South  Wales,  attributed  to 
the  scarcity  of  1838  and  1839,  which  caused  a 
great  drain  of  capital  from  the  colony  for  the 
necessaries  of  life  ;  the  decline  in  the  price  of 
wool ;  excessive  consignments  of  gooda  to  the 


colony,  mostly  on  specolation  by  Engliah  mer- 
chantiB ;  the  necessity  of  disposing  of  the  same, 
contributing  to  produce  an  undue  extension  of 
credit,  and  also  hazardous  speculation  in  the 
employment  of  money  ininvestmentsnotyieldiog 
immediate  returns,  June,  1841  ;  a  great  mone- 
tary depression  from  the  effects  of  overspecnU- 
tion  and  the  land  mania,  no  lees  than  600 
business  people  taking  the  benefit  of  the  Insol- 
vency Act  smce  its  coming  into  force — a  period 
of  11  months,  December,  1842;  a  meeting 
held  in  Sydney  "  to  take  into  consideration  the 
alarminff  and  depressed  state  of  the  monetary 
affidrs  of  the  colony,  and  to  devise  measures  of 
immediate  relief,  Mr.  Wentworth  taking  a 
prominent  part  in  the  deliberations,  1843. 

COMMISSARIAT.  Deputy  Commissaiy- 
General  Laidley  arrived  to  succeed  William 
Wemyss,  Eso.,  in  charge  of  the  Commissariat, 
at  Sydney,  Iday  12,  18:^  ;  Deputy  Commissary- 
Greneral  Wemyss  left  Sydney  for  the  Isle  of 
France,  November  10,  1828. 

COMMUNION  SERVICES.  [See  Church 
OF  Enqlakd.] 

COMPANIES. 
List  of  Pri2«cip.4L  Australian  Cohp.\nii5. 

AustnJian  AgricultunU  Company.    Fnundod  Jane  SI. 

1824.    Capital,  Jl600,000 ;  |>aidup,  £430,000.  NomiDal 

price  of  snares,  £25 ;  jxud-up,  ibil  10a. 
Australian   Marine  Insurance   Company.    EstabUiibal 

January  81, 1831. 
Australian  Oas  Company  (Sydney^    Founded  lbS5 ;  in- 
corporated September  7,  1837. 
Sydney  Fire  Insurance  Company.    Formed  January  10, 

183d. 
Hunter  River  Steam  Navigation  Company.    Incorpr^^ 

rated  September  1, 1841 ;  mcorpoiated  under  the  stvle 

of  the  Australasian  Steam  Naviipation  Company,  vt- 

oember  10,  1851. 
Hunter   River   Steam    Navigation    Company.    Estab- 
lished February  4, 1840. 
Hunter  River  New  Steam  Navigation  Co.    Deoonber  21. 

1852. 
niawam  Steam  Navigation  Company.     Inooiporated. 

October  7, 1858. 
Australian  Mining  Company.    Founded  1845.    G^tal. 

£400,000 ;    paid-up,    £128.205.       Nominal    pries  oT 

shares,  £20 ;  paid-up,  £7  7s.  6d. 
Australian  Mutual  Provident  Life  Assurance  Companr. 

Founded   1849.      Insured  46,000   policies:    amoont 

insurea,  £17,000.000    accumulated  funds,  £2,50i},000 ; 

annual  income,  £000,000. 
Australian   Mortgage,    lAnd,   and   Finance  Company, 

Limited.    Founded- 1863.    Capital,  £1,000.000 ;  vaid 

up,  £175,000.   Nominal  price  of  shares,  £26 ;  paid-ap, 

£6. 
Mutual  Life  Association  of  Australasia.     EstablUbcd 

1899. 
English   and   Australian    Copper  Company,  Limited. 

Founded  1861.    Capital,  £210,000 ;  paid  up.  £175,0(». 

Nominal  price  of  shares,  £3 ;  p:iid-up,  £2  10a. 
New  Zealand  Loan  and  Mercantile  Agency  Company. 

Limited.    Founded  1866.    Capital,  £1,000,000:  paid 

up,  £86,665.    Nominal  price  of  shaires,  £26  ;  called-np 

on  20,000  old  shares,  £2  10s. ;  on  20,000  new  gbarts, 

£1. 
New  Zealand   Insurance   Company.      Founded   I99> 

Capital,  £1.000,000 ;  paid-up,  £385.000. 
New  Zealand  Trust  and  Loan  Company.    Founded  186S- 

Capital,  £600,000 ;  paid-up,  £100,000.    Nominal  prw 

of  shares.  £26  ;  paid-up,  £5. 
North  British  Australasian  Company,  Umltod.  B^- 

tered   1867.    Capital,  £213,092;    paid-up,  i.'2l3,C9S: 

paid-ap,  £10a 


CONFERENCES— CONGREGATIONAL  CHTTRCH. 


66 


Otago  and  Soothland  Investment  Cotainny,  Limited. 

Founded  1864.    C&pital,  £600,000 ;  paid-up,  £50,000 ; 

rewrre  fund,  £10,000.    Nominal  price  of  shares,  £5  ; 

ptud-np,  £L 
rtti  River  Land    and    Mineral   Company,    Limited. 

Foonded  ISSSw    Capital,  £000,000 ;  paid-up,  £600,000. 

Xominal  price  of  Bcock,  paid-up.  £100. 
Port   Pidllip  and    Colonial    Oold-Mining    Company, 

limited.    Founded  1862.    Capital,  £200,000  ;  paid-up, 

£d7,90a    Hominal  price  of  shares,  £2  ;  paid-up,  £1. 
Scottish  Australian  Mining^  Company,  Limited.  Founded 

ISSO.    Capital,  £150,000  all  issued ;  paid-up.  £127,500. 

Kominal  amount  of  shares,  £1 ;  120,000  paid-up,  £1 ; 

80,000  paid-up,  5s. 
Scottish  Atistiulian    Investment    Company,    Limited. 

Founded  184a  Capital,  £300,000 ;  prof.  £200,000 ;  paid- 
up,  £900.000 :  pref.  £200,000. 
Scath  Australian  Company.      Founded  1830.  Capital. 

£355,000 :  paid-up,  £365,000.    Nominal  price  of  shares, 

£35;  paid-up,  £25. 
Trust  and  Ajjrbncy  Company  of  Australasia,  Limited. 

Founded  18dl.    Capital,  £500.000;  paid-up,  £50,000. 

also  £141,631  in  advance  of  calls. 
Tin  Dieroen's  Land  Company.    Founded  1826.    Capitol, 

£300,000,   in  10,000   shans  of   £30  each,  of   which 

£28  lOs.  called  up. 
Victona  London  Mining  Company,  Limited.    Founded 

U(60.      Capital,  £20,000  first  issue,  £25,000  second 

iarae:   paid-up,  £2.'>,000  first  Issue,  £20,000  second 

i«!>ue.    Nominal  price  of  shares,  both  issues,  £1 ;  paid- 

ap,  £1  first  L«ssuc,  16i  fccoond  issue. 
Torice  Penin.<m]a  Mining  Company,  Limited.    Founded 

li6l.    Capital.  £75,000  paid-up.    Nominal  amount  of 

ahares,  £1 ;  ]xudup,  £1. 

CX)XFERENCES. 

Statistical  Conference  held  in  Melboame  1S61 ; 
representatives  X.S.W.,  Christopher  llolleston  ; 
Victoria,  W.  H.  Archer ;  South  Australia, 
Josiah  Boothby  ;  Queensland,  F.  O.  Darvall ; 
result,  statistics  settled  on  a  basis  coropro- 
iteDsive  and  exact. 

Boundary  disputes  between  New  South 
Wales  and  Victoria  in  summer  of  1864  settled 
amicably  at  a  conference  between  the  two 
colonies,  April  19,  18G5 ;  meeting  of  Ministers 
from  the  Australian  Colonies  at  Melbourne  to 
arrange  postal  communication  with  Europe, 
March,  1867. 

Conference  on  the  assimilation  of  tariffs,  a 
customs  union,  and  mail  contracts,  held  at 
Melbourne — members  for  New  South  Wales,  C. 
Cowper  and  S.  Samuel;  South  Australia,  J. 
Hart,  J.  H.  Barrow,  W.  Townsend ;  Victoria, 
•Sir  James  M'Culloch,  and  J.  G.  Fnmcis;  Tas- 
mania, J.  M.  Wilson,  T.  S.  Chapman,— June 
27,  1870. 

.Meetin^^  of  the  delegates  from  New  South 
Wales,  Victoria,  South  Australia,  and  Tas- 
mania, objecting  to  Imperial  interference  in  theit 
mutual  fiscal  arrangements,  September  27, 
1S71. 

Intercolonial  Conference  held  in  Sydney, 
Premiers  and  Colonial  Secretaries  of  New  South 
Wales,  Victoria,  South  Australia,  Queensland, 
^ew  Zealand,  Tasmania,  and  West  Australia 
present,  January,  1872. 

Intercolonial  conference  at  Sydney  between 
representatives  of  the  New  South  Wales, 
Qucensbiid,  and  New  Zealand  Governments, 
'September  30,  1874. 

The  Intercolonial  Cable  conference,  at  which 
New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  and  South  Australia 
«ere  represented,  agreed,  subject  to  the  approval 


of  their  respective  Governments,  to  enter  into 
arrangements  for  duplicating  the  present  means 
of  cable  communication  by  the  construction  of 
a  cable  from  Singapore  to  Port  Darwin,  February 
3,  1877. 

Conference  held  in  Melbourne  for  duplication 
of  cable  to  England,  Colonel  Glover  present ; 
result,  agreement  entered  into  with  Eastern  Tele- 
graph Company,  1878.    [See  Frsi  Selbctobs.] 

CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH. 

First  Independent  minister,  Mr.  Cover,  arrived 
in  New  South  Wales,  1798 ;  Dr.  C.  Smith,  a 
medical  practitioner  and  an  ordained  Minis^r 
of  the  independent  denomination,  performed 
Divine  Service  at  the  dwelling  of  Mr.  Haywood, 
Castlereagh-street,  Sydney,  Nov.  22,  1829 ; 
piece  of  ground  purchased  in  Druitt-street, 
Sydney,  at  the  back  of  the  old  Burial  Ground, 
for  an  Independent  Chufch  (a  fprmer  allotment, 
found  to  be  too  small,  having  been  sold),  Decem- 
ber 14,  1829  ;  Rev.  Frederick  Miller,  first  Inde- 
pendent Minister,  arrived  in  Van  Diemen*s  Land, 
1830 ;  chapel  in  Pitt-street,  Sydney,  opened  for 
public  worship,  February  15,  1833  ;  first  church 
opened,  1833 ;  Rev.  Mr.  Jarrett,  first  settled 
pastor  of  the  Independents  in  Now  South  Wales, 
arrived,  1834  (remained  for  five  years,  and  then 
went  to  Tasmania) ;  first  minister  at  Melbourne 
was  the  Rev.  W.  Waterfield,  1838;  Port  Phillip 
Independent  chapel,  foundation  stone  laid  Sep- 
tember, 1839  ;  Rev.  John  West  settled  in  Laun- 
coston,  Tasmania,  1839  ;  Rev.  Dr.  Ross,  suc- 
cessor to  llev.  Mr.  Jarrett,  aiTivcd  in  New  South 
Wales,  February,  1810;  foundation  stone  of  the 
new  chapel  in  Pitt-street,  Sydney,  laid  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Ross,  January  29,  1841  ;  resumption 
of  building  of  Pitt-street  church  (after  long  sus- 
pension), October,  1844 ;  opened  for  public  wor- 
ship, Januaiy  1,  1846;  foundation  stone  of 
church  at  Re(Uem,  Sydney,  laid,  March  16, 1847 ; 
foundation  stone  ox  church  in  Collins-street, 
Melbourne  (Rev.  A.  M.  Henderson,  pastor),  laid 
by  Mr.  Henry  Hopkins,  of  Hobart  Town,  Nov- 
ember 22,  1866 ;  opened  free  of  debt  (cost, 
£23,000),  1868;  Mrs.  John  Graham  lud  the 
foundation  stone  of  new  Sunday  school  buildinss 
in  connection  with  the  Pitt-street  church, 
Sydney,  July  4,  1871. 

List  of  MnnsTEiis  of. 

New  South  WaUt. 
Bradley, W.,  WooIIahra 
Charter,  0. ,  WolloDgoni;r 
CuUen,  J.  F.,  North  Shore 
Davies,  J.  T.  W.,  Newtown 
Dowie,  J.  A.,  Sydney 
Foraaith,  T.  13.,  Newtown 
Fincham,  W.,  Gampbelltown 
Frazer,  J.  O.,  M.  A.,  WooIIahra 
Fry,  A.  G.,  Balmain 
Oainsford,  Thos. ,  Sydney 
Grant,  W.  H.,  Wallsend 
Oribble,  J.  R,  Jerilderie 
Hardie.  C,  WooIIahra 
HiUs,  K.  T.,  MaiUand 
Howden,  G.  G.,  Burwood 
Jefferis,  J.,  LL.D.,  Pitt-street,  Sydney 
Johnson,  T.,  Bourke-street,  Sydney 
Kirbv,  J.  C,  Sydney 
Kimberley,  J.,  Waterloo 


66 


CONSTITUTION. 


.    Lewis,  £.,  Wallaeod 

Lloyd,  A.,  P&iTamatta 

Masters,  J..  Albury 

M&thiaon,  W.,  UlladuUa 

MathiaoD,  W.  (Jun.).  MarrickTille 

Middleton,  W.,  Albuiy 

Moore,  E.,  Bathunt 

OUey,  J.,Manl7 

Preston,  a.,  Sydney 
.    Prios,  J.,  Bathnrst 

Rickard,  J.,  Glebe,  Sydney 

Robinson  E.,  Woollahn 

Rogen,  R.,  Newcastle 

Savagre,  8.,  Peteraham 

SJatyer,  W.,  Redfern,  Sydney 

Sunderland,  J.  P.,  Woollahra 

Trevor,  J.,  Gulgong 

Wilson,  R ,  Oerringong 

J!ir«t0  Zealand. 
Beokenham,  John,  Kelson 
Davis.  Henry  S.,  Hamilton  \. 
Habens,  William  J.,  B.A.,  WeWngrton 
Hallowes,  Brab.  Tooke,  B.A.,  Tlmaru 
Hamer,  Thomas,  Onehunga 
Lttishley,  Richard,  Thames 

Macdonald,  Alexander, 

Maxwell,  James,  Port  Chalmers  O. 

Menzies,  John,  Lawrence  O. 

Robertson,  Joseph,  Auckland 

Roaeby,  Thomas,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Dunedin 

Tout,  R.,  Woolston  C. 

Trtvett,  Thomas  fVcderick,  Wellington 

West,  Wmiam  Henr}',  B.A.,  Wellington 

Qiuenaland. 

Browne,  F.  H.,  Ipswich 

Draper,  W.,  Brisbane 

Eagar,  C.  H.,  St.  Oeone 

Gammie,  Jas.  T.,  Bundabexg 
.    Gray,  W.,  Townsville 

Griffith,  Ed.,  Brisbane 

Henry,  J.  W.,  Rockhampton 

Jamieson,  L.  C,  Gjnnpie 

Maclean,  P.  (M.L.C.),  Belivah 

Mossop,  D.,  North  Bush 

Spence,  F.,  Ipswich 

Waraker,  J.  T.,  Toowoomba 

Smith  Atutralia. 
Atkinson,  E.  Q.,  Alma 
Austin,  J.  B.,  Macclesfield 
Baker,  E.,  Morphett  Vale 
Barber,  John,  Happy  Valley 
Bayley,  R.  G.,  Maitiand 
Buchanan,  A.,  Green's  Plains 
Cheetham,  H.,  Milang 
Copland,  G.,  North  Adelaide 
Coward,  R.  L  ,  CoUingwood 
Cox,  F.  W.,  Adelaide 
Dick,  M.  M'K.,  Port  Adelaide 
Ferguson,  J.  R.,  Salisbury 
Femie,  B.  N.,  Kapunda 
Fletcher,  W.  R  (M.A.X  Adelaide 
Hall.  C,  Adelaide 
Harris,  S.  L..  Macclesfield 
Hodge.  Charles,  Port  Victor 
Hope,  Thos. ,  Kensington 
Hopkins,  W.,  Glenelg 
Hotham,  J.,  Port  Elliott 
Howie,  J.,  Maclaren  Vale 
Leonard,  J.  (B.A,),  Angaston 
Lloyd,  J.,  Wallaroo 
Btanthorpe,  Chas.,  Glenelg 
MacEwiu.  J.,  Hindmarsh 
Mell,  T.  E.  O.,  Angaston 
Milne,  D.,  Border  Town 

Morris,  R.  N.  (B.A.) 

Newbold,  W.  H,  Truro 
Oldham,  W.,  Adelaide 
Scales,  A.,  Adelaide 
Whitton,  M.  M.,  Gawler 
Wilson,  W.,  Kadlna 

Tagmania.  .,     , 

Bailey,  J.  M.,  Kempton  and  Melton  Mowbray 
Buniett,  J.,  Latrobe  and  Formby 
Bird,  B.  S.,  Hobart  Town 


Fairey,  F.  C  &,  Don  Forth  and  Etorm 

Dear,  R.  E.  CTiavelling  Agent) 

Kennedy,  H.,  Kempton  and  Melton  Mowbraj- 

Law,  W.,  Launceston 

Morris,  D.,  Strathblaia,  FkankliB,  &c 

Nisbet,  J.,  Newtown 

Price,  C,  Launceston 

Robinson,  W.  C.  Hobart  Town 

Simmonds,  J.  W.,  Hobart  Town 

Shippard,  J.  W.,  Pontomille,  Broadmnivh  9te. 

Tinmng,  D.  &,  Richmond,  Gambrldgep  Ac 

Victoria. 
Allen,  W.,  Maryborough 
Apperly,  J.,  Sans  Souci 
Bradney,  M.  W.,  East  St  Kilda 
Bryant,  8.,  Kyneton 
Burchett,  —  Stawell 
Cameron,  J.,  Walhalla 
Collier,  J.  J.,  Redbank 
Gonnebee,  R.,  Kow 
Coombs,  U.,  Warmambool 
Day,  Edwin,  Castlemolne 
Evans,  J.  P.,  Siawell 
Fkirey,  F.  C.  B.,  St.  Kflda 
Falkingham,  T.,  Brighton 
Eraser,  Alexander,  Melbourne 
Fullagar,  T.,  Little  River 
Oosman,  A.,  St  Kilda 
Green.  S.  J.,  Richmond 
Greenwood,  E.,  Melbourne 
Gribble,  J.  B..  Rutherglen 
Grouble,  H.,  Hawthorn 
Halley,  J.  J.,  WiUiamstown 
Hutehinson,  J.,  Melbourne 
Jones,  D.  M.,  Stawell 
Jones,  Thos.,  Melbourne 
Kent,  8.  C,  Melbourne 
King,  J.,  Sandhurst 
LAver,  T.,  Beech  worth 
Lawrence,  W.  II.,  Melbourne 
LeggOf  J-  (M.A.),  Brighton 
Meadowcroft,  W.,  Melbourne 
Middleton,  W.,  Melbourne 
Miles,  E.  T.,  Melbourne 
Mirams,  James,  Melbourne 
Moss,  W.,  Prahran 
Pentlann,  W.  W.,  Nynawading 
Perrin,  J  G.,  East  Melbourne 
Pitman,  J.  F.,  Yarrawonga 
Price,  C.  S.  Y.,  Geelong 
Richmond,  J.  G.,  KyneUm 
Sayer,  J.,  Dunollv 
Strongman,  J.,  Melbourne 
Thomas,  L  E ,  Eldorado 
Walker,  J.,  Ballarat 
Wilson,  F.  L.,  CoUingwood 

WeaUm  Aitglralio. 
Johnstone,  J.,  Freemantle 
Rose,  G.  T.,  Perth 

CONSTITUTION,  Thb  Australian. 

New  South  Wales.  First  constitutional  meet- 
ing held,  at  which  a  farewell  address  to  the 
Governor  was  adopted,  in  which  was  asserted 
the  expediency  of  enlargjing  the  freedom  already 
given  by  the  introduction  of  the  principle  of 
taxation  by  representation,  and  by  the  ^tab- 
lishment  of  a  House  of  Assembly,  to  consist  of 
100  members.  The  names  of  the  gentlemen 
forming  the  deputation  to  present  the  addre» 
were — Messrs.  D*Arcy  Wentworth,  W.  C. 
Wentworth,  Thomas  Raine,  W.  J.  Browne,  and 
Daniel  Cooper  :  October  21,  1825. 

A  public  meeting  held  in  Sydney,  called  by 
the  Sheriff  (Mr.  Mackaness)  in  compHance  with 
a  requisition  to  that  effect,  for  the  purpose  of 
memorialising  the  Home  Government  to  con- 
cede to  the  colonists  the  legal  and  constitutional 
rights  of  complete  trial  by  jury,  andarepre- 


coNBTrrunoN. 


67 


satitiTe  Asaembly,  hitherto  withheld  on  th« 
groimd  of  tlie  peculiar  condition  of  the  colony. 
The  reqniaition  was  signed  by  twenty-f our  of  the 
most  influentiAl  inhabitants,  who  were  said  to 
repreBent  property  to  the  amount  of  a  million  of 
JDOoey.  The  meeting  was  held  at  the  Court- 
bonae  on  tlie  AnniTersary  of  the  Foundation  of 
the  ookmy,  and  was  one  of  the  largest  which 
had  hitherto  taken  pkce.  Mr.  W.  G.  Went- 
worth  was  the  proposer  of  the  adoption  of  the 
petition  to  the  Home  Government  (copies  of 
vhich  were  intended  for  the  King  and  both 
HooseB  of  Parliament),  Sir  John  Jamison 
aeooudinff  the  proposition.  A  deputation,  con- 
nsting  (n  the  bheriff,  Mr.  Blazland,  and  Mr. 
Wentworth,  waited  on  the  Crovemor  to  request 
him  to  forward^  by  the  first  opporttmity,  the 
Detition  to  the  King.  The  petition  intended 
for  the  Parliament  was  entrusted  to  Mr.  Blax- 
land  (who  was  about  returning  to  Ensland)  to 
he  hand^  to  Sir  James  Macintosh  for  the  House 
of  Commons,  and  to  Sir  Thomas  Brisbane  for  the 
Honae  of  Lords,  to  be  eiven  by  him  to  some 
friend  in  that  House.  This  was  the  first  grand 
effort  towards  the  attainment  of  the  free  consti- 
tutional privile^esofthecolony,  January26, 1827. 

Public  meeting  held  to  petition  the  Imperial 
I'axliament  for  the  extension  to  the  colony  of 
trial  by  jury  and  a  representative  Legislature. 
Mr.  M'Quoid  (the  Sheriff)  took  the  chair  and 
Lrave  the  assemblage  the  highest  sanction  of 
legality.  The  petition  for  the  House  of  Com- 
mons was  entrusted  to  Sir  James  Macintosh,  and 
to  the  House  of  Lords  to  the  Marquis  of  Sligo. 
Mr.  Stuart  Donaldson  was  invited  by  letter  to 
act  as  agent  for  the  colonies,  February  9, 1830. 

On  the  accession  of  William  IV,  a  meeting  was 
h«Id  in  Sydney  for  the  purpose  of  sending  to 
the  King  an  address  of  congratulation,  in  \raich 
was  emUxiied  a  hope  that  to  * '  His  Majesty  would 
l^eloujg  the  happiness  of  extending  to  the  only 
remaining  Colony  of  Britain  bereft  of  the  rights 
i»f  Britons,  a  full  participation  in  the  benefits  and 
privileges  of  the  British  Constitution,"  1831. 

A  public  meetine  was  held  in  the  Court- 
house, Sydney,  ana  presided  over  by  Sheriff 
M'Quoid,  to  petition  the  King  and  Parliament 
for  a  representative  Assembly.  The  petition, 
which  was  carried  unanimously,  prayed  for  the 
^nmting  to  the  colony  of  such  an  mstitution, 
to  be  composed  of  not  fewer  than  50  members, 
and  claiming  the  right  of  levying  and  appro- 
iniating  their  own  toLxeB.  This  petition  was 
moved  by  Mr.  Wentworth  and  seconded  by 
Mr.  Lswson.  At  this  meeting  a  vote  of  thanks 
was  civen  to  H.  Lytton  Bulwer,  —  Robinson, 
and  Joseph  Hume,  for  their  steady  exertions 
in  Parliament  to  promote  the  interests  of  the 
colony,  and  to  Potter  M 'Queen  and  Stuart 
DonaldBon,  for  their  services  on  various  occa- 
sions ;  January  26,  1833.  [A  paid  a^t  for  the 
colony  was  firstproposed  at  this  meeting ;  it  was 
agreed  that  the  Governor  should  be  memorialised 
to  caaae  £1,000  to  be  appropriated  for  the  pay- 
ment of  a  Parliamentary  asent,  to  be  chosen 
every  three  years  by  the  lan&olders  and  house- 
holders of  the  colony.] 


A  meeting  of  the  Patriotic  Association  was 
held  in  Sydnejr  for  the  purpose  of  discussing 
the  form  of  legislature  and  the  qualification  (3 
members  and  voters,  which  miffht  be  deemed 
necessary,  in  contemplation  of  the  Imperial 
Parliament's  extending  to  the  colonists  an 
enlarged  degree  of  self-sovemment.  Two 
forms  of  legislation  was  discussed  :  One  for 
two  Houses,  Upper  and  Lower ;  the  other  pro- 
posed the  junction  of  the  two  Houses  into  one 
body,  to  consist  of  50  members,  10  to  be  nomi- 
nated by  the  Government,  December  8,  1835. 

First  published  report  of  the  Land  and  Emi- 
gration Commissioners  was  important  and  in- 
teresting, as  it  had  from  time  to  time  been  the 
subject  of  very  considerable  controversy  in  the 
colony.  In  September  of  1841  a  meeting 
was  neld  in  Sydney,  to  take  into  consideration 
the  above  report,  and  to  petition  the  Queen  for 
the  extension  to  the  colony  of  the  representa- 
tive form  of  Government,  and  in  reference  to 
the  general  question  of  a  representative  Govern- 
ment. The  petition  stated  that  the  Legislature 
of  the  colony,  as  it  was  then  constituted,  had 
not  shown  itself  capable  or  desirous  of  supply- 
ing the  wants  or  representing  the  feelings  of  the 
colony  ;  it  therefore  prayed  that  Her  Majesty 
would  confer  on  the  colony  the  advantages  of 
a  Government,  based  on  popular  representa- 
tion. Dr.  Bland  occupied  the  chair.  Other 
meetings,  in  most  of  the  towns  of  New  South 
Wales,  were  held,  and  similar  petitions 
adopted.     September,  1841. 

A  meetin|^,  one  of  the  largest  in  Sydney, 
held  to  petition  for  representative  Government. 
After  a  very  stormy  debate  it  was  adjourned 
until  a  future  day  at  the  Sydney  College,  when 
a  petition  to  the  Queen  and  Imperial  Parliament 
was  adopted,  February  16,  1842.  [The  petition 
set  forth  :  (1.)  That  they  were  free  subjects, 
forming  a  population  of  over  10,000  persons. 
(2. )  That  their  movable  and  immovable  property 
was  estimated  at  £30,000,0(X) ;  and  the  property 
annually  created  by  them  at  £2,500,000  ;  that 
the  maritime  commerce  of  the  country  during  the 
preceding  ten  years  amounted  to  £22,500,000 ; 
that  the  community  raised  for  Grovemment  pur- 
poses an  annual  revenue  of  £350,0(X) ;  that 
besides  the  consumption  of  British  manufacture 
and  the  employment  of  British  shipping,  the 
colony  relieved  Great  Britain  of  the  surplus 
population  of  57,000  souls,  at  a  cost  to  the 
colonists  of  £1,230,000.  (3.)  That,  notwithstand- 
ing their  numbers,  wealth,  the  importance  of 
their  commerce,  the  high  rate  of  their  taxation, 
and  the  magnitude  of  their  revenue,  the  com- 
munity had  no  control  over  their  taxation,  no 
voice  m  the  management  of  their  affairs,  no  re- 
presentation in  the  local  Legislature,  and  thus 
they  were  destitute  of  those  free  institutions 
which  every  Briton  was  taught  to  prize  as  the 
safeguard  of  his  liberties  and  as  the  invaluable 
birthright  of  his  race.] 

The  sum  of  £81,000  reserved  for  the  control 
of  the  Council  for  the  payment  of  the  salaries 
of  the  Governor,  the  Superintendent  of  Port 
Phillip,  of   the  Judges,  the  administration  of 


68 


coNSTiTunoisr. 


justice,  and  the  Civil  and  Heligious  establish- 
ments. An  opposition  was  maae  against  the 
Civil  list,  which  did  not  cease  until  tne  Consti- 
tution was  superseded  by  one  more  liberal,  1842. 
[The  contention  was,  that  in  the  United  Canadas, 
with  a  popuh^tion  of  10,000,QP0  the  Civil  list 
received  for  the  Crown  was  £75,000,  whilst  in 
New  South  Wales,  with  only  a  population  of 
77,000  the  Civil  list  amounted  to  £81,000.  ] 

News  was  received  that  the  new  Constitution 
Act  had  been  passed  by  the  Imperial  Parliament 
July  29,  1842,  and  had  received  the  Royal  assent 
on  the  following  day.  Thus  the  struggles  which 
the  colonists  mtd  carried  on  for  a  responsible 
Government  for  a  series  of  years  was  at  last 
crowned  with  success.  The  Council  consisted  of 
fifty-four  members,  of  whom  thirty-six  were  to 
be  elected  by  the  people  (not  less  than  four  to 
be  returned  by  Port  Pnillip),  and  eighteen  were 
to  be  nominated  by  the  Crown ;  of  the  nomi- 
nated members  mx.  were  to  have  seats  by  virtue 
of  their  office,  viz.,  the  Colonial  Secretary,  the 
Colonial  Treasurer,  the  Auditor-General,  the 
Attorney-General,  the  Commander  of  the  Forces, 
and  the  Collector  of  Customs.  These  were  to 
occupy  the  position  of  a  Ministry  of  the  House. 
The  qualification  of  an  elector  was  :  a  freehold  of 
the  value  of  £200,  or  the  occupation  of  a  dwelling 
valued  at  £20  per  annum.  The  qualification  of  a 
member  of  the  Council  was  £2,000,  or  an  income 
of  real  estate  of  £100  per  annum.  The  duration 
of  the  Council  was  limited  to  five  years.  The 
Act  was  received  in  Sydney  Jan.  6,  1843. 

A  meeting  was  held  to  petition  for  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  franchise,  1849.  [The  then  existing 
qualification  was  £20  per  annum  household,  or 
£200  freehold,  when  a  petition  to  the  Queen  and 
Parliament  was  adoptea,  prajring  for  a  reduction 
to  £10  annual  household ;  or  £50  freehold  in 
Sydney,  and  £5  annual  household  and  lease- 
hold  ;  or  £25  freehold  in  all  other  parts  of  the 
Colony.    The  petition  received  3,255  signatures.] 

''An  Act  for  the  better  government  of  her 
Majesty's  Colonies  "  received  the  Royal  assent. 
Into  Van  Dicmen's  Land,  South  Australia,  and 
West  Australia,  this  Act  introduced  for  the 
first  time  the  elective  principle,  and  on  Port 
Phillip,  now  named  Victoria,  it  conferred  Colo- 
nial independence,  Aug.  5,  1850. 

The  "  Lysandcr "  arrived  in  Melbourne, 
bringing  news  of  the  "Act  for  the  better 
government  of  the  Australian  Colonies"  having 
received  the  Royal  assent,  Nov.  11,  1860.  [De- 
monstration lasted  four  days.] 

The  qualification  of  electors  of  the  colonies  of 
New  South  Wales  and  Victoria  was  reduced  by 
the  new  Act  to  £100  freehold,  or  £10  household 
or  leasehold,  and  a  Civil  list  of  £73,500  was 
established  for  New  South  Wales.  By  this  Act 
power  was  given  to  Her  Majesty  to  detach  other 
territories  ot  New  South  Wales,  and  to  erect  them 
into  a  separate  colony  or  colonies,  on  the  petition 
of  the  householders  of  the  territories  north  of  the 
thirtieth  degree  of  south  latitude  :   1850. 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Wentworth,  in  the 
Legislative  Council,  a  petition  to  the  Queen  and 
Imperial  Parliament  was  adopted,  in  which  was 


set  forth  the  general  grievances  of  the  Colonj. 
It  consisted  of  a  recital  of  a  remonstrance 
adopted  by  the  former  Council,  with  this 
addition,  that  tiiey  were  prepared,  on  the  sur- 
render to  the  Colonial  Legislature  of  the  entire 
management  of  all  revenues,  territorial  as  well 
as  general,  and  on  the  establishment  of  asimikr 
constitution  to  that  of  Canada,  to  provide  for 
the  whole  cost  of  the  internal  government  of 
the  Colony,  whether  Civil  or  Military,  and  to 
provide  a  Civil  list  during  Her  Majesty's  Ufe, 
and  for  five  years  after  her  death :  1851. 

A  protest  was  entered  on  the  minutes  of  the 
House  of  the  Legislative  Council  against  the  new 
Constitution  Act,  in  which  the  Council  solemnly 
protested,  insisted,  and  declared : — (1.)  That  the 
Imperial  Parliament  of  right  oueht  not  to  bare 
any  power  to  tax  the  people  of  the  Colony,  or 
to  appropriate  any  money  levied  by  the  autho- 
rity of  tne  Legislative  Council  by  virtue  of  Act 
18  Geo.  m.  (2.)  That  the  public  lands,  having 
derived  their  value  from  the  colonists,  were  as 
much  their  property  as  the  ordinary  revenue, 
and  should  be  subject  only  to  the  control  of  the 
Colonial  Legislature.  (3.)  That  the  Customs  and 
all  other  departments  should  be  subject  to  the 
control  of  tne  same  Legislature.  (4.)  That  all 
offices  of  trust  should  be  conferred  on  the  colo- 
nists, except  that  of  Grovemor,  who  should  be 
paid  by  the  Crown.  (5.)  That  plenary  powers 
should  he  conferred  on  the  Colomal  Legislature, 
and  no  bills  reserved  for  Her  Majesty's  pleasure, 
but  such  as  affected  the  prerogatives  of  the 
Crown.  An  address  was  presented  to  the 
Governor  on  this  occasion  requesting  his  Excel- 
lency to  transmit  a  copy  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  and  printed  copies  were  sent  to  all  the 
rest  of  Her  Majesty  s  Ministers  and  Pivrj 
Coxmcillors ;  copies  were  also  sent  to  noblemen 
and  gentlemen  who  had  taken  an  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  colony:  1851. 

A  select  committee  of  the  Council  was 
obtained  to  preparo  a  Constitution  for  the 
colony,  pursuant  to  the  powers  conferred  on 
the  Council  by  the  Imperial  Act.  The  com- 
mittee consisted  of  W.  C.  Wentworth,  S.  A. 
Donaldson,  E.  Deas-Thomson  (Colonial  Sec- 
retary), J.  H.  Plunkett  (Attorney-General),  J. 
Macarthur,  C.  Cowper,  J.  Lamb,  J.  Martin, 
T.  A.  Murray,  and  Dr.  Douglas.  In  September, 
tiie  report  was  brought  up  and  two  bills  were 
laid  beforo  the  House,  one  to  grant  a  C^^nl  b^ 
to  Her  Majesty,  and  the  other  to  confer  a  Con- 
stitution on  New  South  Wales  :  1852. 

A  despatch  received  from  the  Secretary  of 
State  for  the  Colonies  (Sir  John  Pakington), 
stating  that  the  control  of  the  Customs  should 
be  subject  to  the  direction  and  supervision  of 
the  local  Legislature,  and  that  the  administra- 
tion of  the  lands  should  be  also  transferred  to 
that  body,  that  transportation  to  Tasmania 
should  be  discontinued,  and  that  it  was  the  wi^ 
of  Her  Majesty's  Government  that  the  Council 
should  establish  the  new  Legislature  on  the 
basis  of  an  elective  Assembly  and  a  LegislatiA^e 
Council  nominated  by  the  Crown,  leaving  to  the 
Council  to  determine  the  number  of  members 


CONSI'ITUTIOK 


69 


of  which  the  Chamben  Bhonld  seyerally  conmst. 

On  receipt  of  tlus  despatch  the  Council  appointed 

4  conumttee  to  prepare  a  Constitution  of  the 

Colony.      The  committee  (which  was  by  ballot) 

consisted  of     the    mover    (Mr.    Wentworth), 

Messrs.  E.  Deas-Thomson  (Colonial  Secretary), 

J.  Macarthur,  J.  H.  Plunkett  (Attomey-Qeneral), 

0)wper,  Martin,  Donaldson,  Macleay,  Thurlow, 

and  Murray.    The  report  brought  up  by  the 

committee  was  not  satisfactory  to  the  colonists, 

for  in  the  formation  of  the  Council  or  Upper 

House  they    recommended   the   conferring  of 

hereditary  titles  on  the  members  of  the  House, 

though  not  to  sit  by  risht  of  descent,  but  oon- 

fening  on  the   oriAnal   patentees  and    their 

descendants  (the  iimeritors  of  the  titles)  the 

power  to  elect  a  certain  number  of  their  order, 

to  form  in    conjunction   with     the    original 

patentees  the  Upper  House.    In  consequence 

of  this  report,  a   meeting,    condenmatory   of 

that  report,  was  held  by  the  colonists  at  the 

Royal  Hotel,  Sydney,  when  the  "Constitution 

Committee,'*  wnich  uterwards  obtained  so  much 

celebrity,  was  appointed,  Auffust  3,  1853. 

A  general  meeting  of  tne  colonists  was 
held  at  the  Royal  Hotel,  to  oppose,  amongst 
other  matters,  the  report  of  the  Council, 
recommending  the  creation  of  a  Coloniid 
nobility  with  hereditary  privileges,  and  to 
construct  an  Upper  House  of  legislature  in 
which  the  people  should  have  no  voice.  Mr. 
John  Gilchrist,  a  leading  member  of  the  mer- 
cantile body,  occupied  the  chair  ;  the  principal 
speakers  were  Messrs.  Darvall,  Robert  Johnson, 
Henry  Parkes,  Montefiore,  J.  W.  Blyth, 
Beniehy,  Mort,  Archdeacon  M*Encroe,  tfohn 
Brown,  Piddington,  and  £.  Flood.  Amongst 
other  resolutions  adopted  were  the  following  : — 
(I.)  That  the  proposed  Constitution  Bill  was 
radically  defective,  and  opposed  to  the  interests 
of  the  colonists.  (2.)  That  the  meeting  earnestly 
^tested  a^;ainst  any  attempt  in  the  Legislative 
Cooncil  to  impose  a  Constitution  on  the  Colony 
which  was  formed  in  direct  opposition  to  the 
▼ishes  of  the  people.  (3.)  That  they  pledged 
thonaelves  by  every  constitutional  means  to 
resist  the  formation  of  any  second  Chamber, 
not  based  on  popular  sufi&age.  (4.)  That  the 
proposed  alteration  in  the  Electoral  Act,  in- 
stead of  being  increased,  ou^ht  to  be  rectified. 
The  resolutions  were  embodied  in  a  petition  for 
presentation  to  the  Council :  August  10, 1853. 

The  second  reading  of  the  Constitution  Bill 
was  moved  by  Mr.  Wentworth.  The  debate 
occupied  the  House  seven  davs.  The  second 
reading  of  the  bill  was  carried  by  a  majority  of 
34  to  8,  and  the  committal  of  the  bill  was  made 
an  order  of  the  day  for  December  6, 1853.  [Three 
days  after  the  second  reading  a  mass  meeting 
▼as  held  at  the  Circular  Qiia^,  Sydney,  for 
the  purpose  of  giving  expression  of  <£ssent 
to  the  bill,  and  to  petition  Her  Majesty  to  with- 
hold her  assent  to  it.  At  this  meeting  the 
Constitution  Committee  was  made  a  standing 
body,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  necessanr 
steps  to  procure  for  the  people  of  New  Souui 
Wales  a  Constitution  based  on  British  liberty.] 


On  the  motion  for  going  into  committee  on  the 
bill,  the  clause  which  empowered  the  existing 
€k>vemment  to  sit  as  members  of  the  Upper 
House  for  life  was  abandoned,  and  a  clause 
substituted  ffivine  the  first  members  seats  for 
five  years.  The  cmuses  providing  for  hereditary 
titles  were  also  abandoned,  August  16,  1853. 

The  bill  passed  through  the  third  reading  by 
a  majority  of  27  to  6,  amidst  great  cheering, 
thus  establishing  two  deliberate  Chambers — ^a 
Legislative  Council  and  a  Legislative  Assembly. 
The  Legislative  Coxmcil  was  to  consist  of 
not  less  than  21  naturalized  or  natural  bom 
subjects,  four-fifths  of  whom  should  be  persons 
not  holding  any  Civil  office  or  emolument  under 
the  Crown.  l!he  members  were  to  hold  their 
seats  for  five  vears ;  at  the  expiration  of  that 
time  all  those  nolding  seats  to  be  entitled  to  do 
so  for  life.  The  President  to  be  nominated  by 
the  Crown.  The  Legislative  Assembly  was  to 
consist  of  54  memb^s,  to  be  elected  for  five 
years :  December  21,  1853. 

The  qualifications  of  candidates  and  electors 
were : — All  inhabitants  of  full  age  being 
naturalized  or  bom  British  subjects,  not  con- 
victed of  crime,  or  if  convicted,  pardoned, 
having  paid  all  rates  and  taxes,  being  the 
owners  of  freehold  estates  of  the  value  of  £100, 
householders,  lodging  occupiers,  or  leaseholders 
of  three  years  at  £10  per  annum,  persons 
receiving  £100  per  annum  salary,  boarders  at 
£40  per  annum,  and  holders  of  pasture  licenses 
for  one  year.  After  the  bill  had  passed  the 
Council,  a  series  of  declaratory  resolutions  were 
moved  by  Mr.  Wentworth,  amongst  which  was 
that  a  copy  of  the  bill  be  transmitted  to  the 
Governor-General,  with  a  request  that  his 
Excellency  would  forward  the  same  to  the 
Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies,  as  being  a 
fit  enactment  to  give  the  required  validity  to 
the  bill.  '*  Thus  terminated  the  most  important 
labour  which  had  ever  devolved  on  an  Austra- 
hBH  Legislature" :  1853. 

A  deputation  consisting  of  W.  C.  Wentworth 
(author  of  the  bill)  and  E.  Deas  Thomson 
(Colonial  Secretary,  one  of  its  warmest  sup- 
porters), were  sent  to  England  to  watch  the  pro- 
gess  of  the  Constitution  Bill  through  the 
iperial  Parliament.  Previous  to  their  departure 
a  large  sum  was  subscribed  with  a  view  of  pro- 
viding a  statue  or  a  painting  of  Mr.  Wentworth. 
A  testimonial  was  also  presented  to  Mr.  Thom- 
son by  his  friends  and  the  admirers  of  his 
political  conduct  as  Colonial  Secretary  for  17 
years.  £2,250  was  collected.  £1,000  was  ap- 
propriated for  a  service  of  plate ;  the  remainder 
was  devoted  to  founding  the  '*  Thomson  Scholar- 
ship "  in  the  University  of  Sydney,  and  to  pro- 
cure a  portrait  of  the  recipient :  1854. 

Wentworth  left  for  England  to  take  charge  of 
the  Constitution  Bill  during  its  passage  through 
the  Imperial  Parliament,— Riddell  appointed 
Colonial  Secretary;  Merewether,  Colonial 
Treasurer  ;  and  Stirling,  Auditor-General,  1854. 

A  new  Electoral  Bill  submitted  to  the  House 
of  Assembly  and  passed  in  November  f oUowinff. 
The  number  of  members  was  increased  to  72 


70 


CONVENTION— CONVICra 


ihe  franchise  extended  to  every  adult  male  of 
BIX  months'  residence  in  any  electorate,  and  vote 
by  ballot  made  one  of  the  provisions  :  May,  1858. 

Victoria,  The  constitution  of  Victoria  estab- 
lishing separate  Legislative  Houses  received 
Boyaf  assent  and  proclaimed  throughout  the 
colony,  November  i&,  1865. 

Dead-lock  between  Legislative  Council  and 
Assembly  on  introduction  of  Protectionist  Tariff 
in  Victoria,  1865-6. 

Dismissal  of  120  Civil  servants  in  Victoria, 
January  8,  1878.     [See  "  Black  Wednesday."] 

Crisis  terminated  in  Victoria  by  the  adoption 
of  the  Payment  of  Members  Bill  by  the  Council, 
and  the  passage  of  a  new  Appropriation  Bill  (not 
including  the  item  for  j}a3nnent  of  members) 
through  the  Assembly,  a  compromise  between 
the  Council  and  the  Assembly  having  been 
efibcted  through  the  instrumentality  of  Mr. 
Lyell,  M.L.A.,  and  Mr.  Munro,  M.L.A., 
March  26, 1878.  In  pursuance  of  the  agreement, 
Mr.  Berry  gave  notice  of  motion  to  the  Assembly 
for  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  search  the 
records  of  Parliament  for  the  Appropriation 
Bill  laid  aside  by  the  Council  90th  December, 
it  being  understood  that  this  was  the  first  step 
iowarcU  the  introduction  of  a  new  Appropriation 
Bill  without  the  item  of  payment  oi  members. 
March  26,  1878. 

A  deputation  of  Victorian  colonists  waited  on 
the  Secretaiy  of  State  for  the  Colonies,  London, 
relative  to  tne  crisis,  April  10,  1878. 

Hie  Qovemment  oi  Victoria  re-appointed 
three  additional  county  court  Judges  and  twelve 

Solice  magistrates  and  a  few  officers  (dismissed  on 
anuary  8— *'  Black  Wednesday"),  April  16, 1878. 
Hon.  Graham  Berry  (Premier)  and  Hon.  Pro- 
fessor Pearson  (Minister  for  Education)  appointed 
by  the  Assembly  as  an  *'  Embassy"  to  request 
the  British  Parliament  to  settle  the  constitu- 
tional difficulty  in  Victoria,  by  the  introduction 
of  a  Reform  Bill,  loft  for  England  in  R.M.S. 
Siam, "  December  28, 1878.    [see  Parliament.  ] 


C( 


CONVENTION,  Victorian,  in  which  Mr.  Wil- 
son Gray,  Mr.  (Sir)  George  Verdon,  Mr.  Walsh, 
and  Mr.  Burtt  took  prominent  part,  sat  in  St. 
Patrick's  Hall,  Melbourne.  [Its  objects  were, 
princi|>ally,  reform  of  the  land  laws  and  the 
Constitution  Act.]    1865. 

CONVENTS.    [Set  Roman  Catholic] 

CONVICTS. 

The  "  First  Fleet "  with  696  convicts,  under 
the  command  of  Governor  Arthur  Phillip,  R.N., 
anchored  in  Port  Jackson,  January  26,  1788. 

Freedom  and  grant  of  land  in  Parramatfca, 
N.  S.  W. ,  given  to  the  first  convict  settler  selected 
from  the  body  of  prisoners,  1790. 

The  "Gorgon"  with  the  "second  fleet," 
having  on  board  1,695  male  and  68  female  con- 
victs, arrived  in  Sydney,  September  21,  1791. 

The  "Lady  Shore,  transport,  carrying  60 
female  convicts,  and  a  detacnment  of  recruits 
for  the  New  South  Wales  Corps,  was  seized  by 
the  latter,  and  the  commander  and  first  mate 


murdered.  She  was  then  taken  to  Rio  de  la 
Plata  and  delivered  to  the  Spaniards.  This 
vessel,  besides  public  stores,  had  a  considerable 
amount  of  private  property  on  board,  1798. 

From  Januarv  25,  1788,  to  January  7, 1800,  37 
transport  vessels  arrived  in  the  harbour  of  Port 
Jackson,  carrying  3,000  prisoners.  Up  to  Sep- 
tember, 1800,  12  other  vessels  had  sailed  from 
England  and  Ireland  with  3,924  prisoners. 

Number  of  convicte  in  New  South  Wales, 
including  1,247  on  Norfolk  Island,  31,186. 
December  31,  1836. 

Assignment  system  ceased  in  New  Soatb 
Wales,  November  2,  1838. 

A  meeting  was  held  at  the  School  of  Arts, 
Sydney,  to  counteract  a  Keport  of  the  FarbA- 
mentary  Committee  on  Transportation,  recom- 
mending that  sending  convicts  to  the  colony 
^ould  cease.  A  petition  for  the  continnsncc 
of  transportation  was  adopted,  but  ursing  that 
the  colony  should  not  be  saddled  with  the  whole 
cost  of  the  maintenance  of  the  police  and  gaols, 
but  that  one  half  should  be  borne  by  the  mother 
country,  and  that  a  tax  for  the  remainder  of  £5 
should  be  levied  for  idl  ass^ed  convicts, 
mechanics,  and  others  employed  in  towns,  asd 
£2  for  all  shepherds  and  ail  others  employed  in 
pastoral  pursmte,  February,  1839. 

Transportation  ceased  by  order  of  the  Qnoen 
in  Council,  August  1,  1840. 

NoTK. — ^Though  transportation  had  virtually 
ceased  at  this  date,  it  wul  be  found  on  reference 
to  p.  72  that,  notwithstanding  the  strong  and 
unceasing  proteste  of  the  colomste,  the  Goven- 
ment  of  Great  Britain  made  an  attempt  to  revive 
it  nearly  nine  years  afterwards.  The  people  of 
Sydney  arose  in  indignation.  Upwards  of  5,000 
persons  assembled  at  the  Circular  Quay,  and  so 
great  was  the  commotion  and  the  excitement 
that  the  guard  at  Government  House  was 
doubled,  and  the  c^uns  of  a  ship  of  war  were 
"  trained"  on  t^e  puice  of  meeting.  It  may  be 
here  convenient  to  point  out  how  small  a  pro- 
portion the  convict  population  bears  to  that  of 
immigration.  Though  137,161  convicts  arrived 
from  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  (many  for  trivial 
offences),  and  it  is  forty  years  since  transpor- 
tetion  virtually  ceased,  on  the  other  hand  ve 
have  had  over  1,250,000  free  persons  who  emi- 
grated from  the  same  countries.  During  three 
years— 1851,  1852,  and  1853— the  nuqiber  of  im- 
migration to  our  shores  amounted  to  220,000.- 
Ed. 

Attempted  Escapes  of. 

A  large  number  of  prisoners  had,  by  means  of 
misinterpretations  of  stories  of  the  blacks,  con- 
ceived the  idea  that  there  was  a  colony  of  white 
people  about  500  miles  to  the  south-west,  and 
nad  formed  a  plan  to  escape  to  that  place ; 
but  it  being  discovered,  sixteen  of  the  prisoners 
were  brought  to  Sydney,  and  punished.  In 
order  to  convince  the  whole  of  them  of  their 
error,  the  Governor  proposed  to  deapatoh  four  of 
the  strongest  malcontente,  with  four  soldiers 
and  guides  to  accompany  them  on  their  journey. 
After  an  absence  of  ten  days,  three  retained. 


CONVICTS. 


71 


O&e  muk  being  determined  to  proceed,  was  left 
Tith  the  guides,  who  returned  after  26  days,  and 
added  to  the  Australian  Ornithology  a  splendid 
specimen  of  the  mosnura,  or  bird  oFparaoise,  for 
the  firet  time  procured,  January,  1783. 

IT B with    his   wife   and    two 

children  and  seven  other  convicts,  escaped  in  an 
open  boat,  March  28,  1791.  [They  reached 
iWor,  and  were  subsequently  taken  prisoners 

by  Captain  Parker.    B died  at  Batavia ; 

his  wife  was  taken  to  flnghmd,  tried,  and  con- 
fined in  Newgate  until  her  sentence  expired.] 

Discovery  by  the  ship  "  Providence,"  28  guns, 
Captain  Brou^hton,  at  Port  Stephens,  of  four 
nmaway  convicts,  who  had  been  missing  from 
Puramatta  since  September,  1790  :  August, 
1795. 

Twenty  male  and  female  convicts  absconded, 
with  the  idea  that  they  could  reach  China  over- 
land, November  21,  1791.  [Several  of  them 
died  in  the  bush,  and  the  remainder  were 
broo^t  back  in  a  deplorable  condition.] 

The  Colonial  vessel  **  Cumberland  "  taken  by 
prisoners,  Angust,  1797. 

The  *' Venus,"  brig,  owned  by  Robert  Camp- 
bell k  Co.,  seized  by  convicts,  and  taken  on, 
1799. 

"Venus,"  Colonial  vessel,  seized  at  Port 
Dihymple,  by  prisoners,  June  17,  1806. 

The  "Harrington,"  brig.  Captain  W.  Camp- 
bell, taken  out  of  Fann  Cove  b^  prisoners. 
May  15,  1808.  [News  was  received  by  the 
"Lady  Barlow,"  on  Au^t  22,  1809,  of  the 
re-capture  of  the  "Hamngton,"  in  the  Indian 
leaa,  by  the  frigate  "Phcenix."  Shortly  after 
she  came  from  India  she  was  lost  on  the  La- 
oonian  coast,  and  the  convicts  (including  the 
lingleader)  thereby  escaped,  or  perished.] 

The  "Unity,"  a  Colonial  vessel,  piratically 
seized,  and  tidcen  away  by  prisoners  from  out  of 
theBiver  Derwent,  April  23,  1813. 

The  "Trial,"  Colonial  vessel,  seized  by 
prisoners  who  were  erecting  the  Lighthouse  at 
Watson's  Bay,  Port  Jackson,  and  taken  away, 
on  September  12,  1816.  [She  was  afterwards 
discovered  wrecked  north  of  Port  Stephens. 
All  on  board  perished  by  famine,  or  were  mur- 
dered by  the  natives.  The  place  where  the  boat 
was  found  by  Mr.  Oxley  was  called  Trial  Bay.] 

The  "William  Caesar,"  Government  boat, 
taken  away  by  prisoners,  and  afterwards  found 
north  of  Port  Stephens,  July  11,  1817. 

The  "Isabella,'^  small  craft,  seized  at  Port 
MacQuarie,  by  prisoners,  and  not  since  heard  of, 
October,  1823. 

An  assigned  servant  of  Thomas  Potter 
McQaeen,  and  five  other  prisoners  of  the 
(>own,  absconded,  on  October  4,  1828,  from 
his  station  and  attempted  to  reach  Timor  or 
New  Guinea  overland.  After  penetrating  the 
oonntry  for  200  or  300  miles,  and  enduring  the 
OMMt  frightful  sufferings,  by  which  all  his 
companions  died,  Mr.  McQueen's  servant  re- 
tomed,  and  gave  himself  up,  November  26, 
1828,  to  Peter  M'Intyre,  J.P.,  of  Sigenhoe 
Gstete. 


Seizure  of  the  Government  barque  "Lady 
Franklin,"  Captain  Willett,  by  22  convicts 
when  on  their  way  from  Hobart  Town  to  Nor- 
folk Isbmd,  December  28,  1853.  [The  convicts 
overpowered  the  suard  and  retained  possession 
of  the  barque  for  eleven  days,  when  they  loaded 
the  ship's  boats  with  provisions  and  left  in 
them.] 

iKSURRXCnOlfS  OP. 

The  first  great  insurrection  of  convicts  com- 
menced at  Castle  Hill,  and  extended  to  the 
Hawkesbury.  This  outbreak  was  shown  to 
have  been  in  agitation  for  a  month  previous. 
Martial  law  was  proclaimed.  The  insurgents 
had  in  their  possession  136  muskets,  14  pistols, 
and  a  great  number  of  swords,  bayonets  fixed 
on  poles,  and  pitch-forks.  Ten  ringleaders  were 
taken  in  arms  on  March  4  and  5,  1804.  [They 
were  tried  and  condemned :  three  were  exe- 
cuted at  Parramatta  on  the  8th,  three  at  Castle 
Hill  on  the  9th,  two  at  Sydney  on  the  10th, 
and  two  were  respited.] 

RsiiARKABLE  CiRCXTHfirrANCESCOyNECTED  WITH. 

A  man  found  guiltjr'  of  stealing  a  pair  of 
oars  sentenced  to  oe  miprisoned  one  calendar 
month,  and  on  tiie  last  day  of  his  imprison- 
ment to  be  pubUcly  whipped  from  the  Police 
Office  to  the  King-street  Wharf,  September  23, 
1829. 

A  conspiracy  was  got  up  amons  the  prisoners 
who  were  bemg  conveyed  to  Norfolk  Island 
in  the  "  Governor  PhiUip,"  to  murder  the  crew 
and  guard,  but  it  was  discovered  and  fortunately 
frustrated.  The  notorious  Knatchbull,  who  was 
on  board,  was,  it  was  alleged,  the  principal  con- 
spirator, 1832. 

Table  of  the  nuiiber  Transported  till  the 
cessation  of  transportation. 


Year. 

No. 

Tear. 

No. 

OftiMW, 

wntto 

Ta«na- 

nU. 

1788 

606 
1,2S9 

2,407 

868 

1 

94 

182 

206 

380 

895 

53 

508 

297 

678 

630 

119 
806 
802 
877 
262 
610 
672 
662 

1818  

1814  

1815  

1816  

1817  

1818  

1819  

1820  

1821  

1822  

1823  

1824  

1825  

1826  

1827  

1828  

1829  

loSO  .  •  •  •  •  •  • 

1831  

1832  

1833  

1834  

1835  

1836  

1837  

038 
1,091 
1,204 
1,430 
2,225 
2,992 
8,130 
3,663 
2,639 
1,571 
1,617 
2,028 
1,318 
1,511 
2.642 
3,271 
4,023 
4,133 
3,971 
4,220 
4,551 
4.920 
4,309 
4,273 
4,068 

1789 

1790 

1791  

1792 

480 

17M  

460 

1794 

611 

1795 

873 

1796 

1,258 

1797 

658 

1798 

1,007 

1799 

04S 

1800 

652 

1801  

67» 

1802  

081 

1803 

1,241 

1804  

1,525 

1806 

2,045 

1806 

2,11« 

1807  

2.031 

1808 

1,821 

1809 

2,440 

1810 

1,055 

1811 

1,085 

1812 

2,107 

72 


CONYICT  SHIPS— COPPER 


Total  kumbu  lahdb)  ik  Aubtealasia,  1787  to  1868— 
(Prepared  by  Mr.  Gideon  Luag.) 


Colony. 

Period* 

Nnmbcr  of  Coavicta  Laodod 

Moln. 

Femalet 

ToUL 

New  South  Wales  .. 
Van  Diemen's  Land 
Western  Australia  . . 

1788  to  1839 
1803  to  1863 
1853  to  1868 

■  • 

61,082 

66,042 

9,718 

8,706 
11,613 

•  • 

69,788 

67,655 

9,718 

ToUl      .. 

116,842 

20,319 

137,161 

CONVICT  SHIPS,  Last. 

The  *'  Eden  *'  was  the  last  convict  ship  bat 
one  that  landed  convicts  in  New  South  Wales, 
November  18,  1839. 

The  "Hashemy,"  936  tons,  Captain  Boss, 
with  212  convicts,  arrived  in  Sydney  bar- 
bonr  June  8,  1849.  [A  great  meeting  took  place 
to  protest  against  transportation,  June  11, 1849. 
Mr.  Robert  Campbell  was  chairman  in  the 
absence  of  Mr.  Rooert  Lowe.  Mr.  Lamb  moved 
the  adoption  of  the  ''protest,"  which  was: — 

"We,  the  free  and  loval  subjects  of  Her 
Most  Gracious  Majesty,  inhabitants  of  the  city 
of  Sidney  and  its  immediate  neighbourhood,  in 
pubUc  meeting  assembled,  do  hereby  enter  our 
most  deliberate  and  solemn  protest  against  the 
transportation  of  British  criminals  to  the  colony 
of  New  South  Wales.  Firstly, — Because  it  is 
in  violation  of  the  will  of  the  majority  of  the 
colonists,  as  is  clearly  evidenced  by  their  ex- 
pressed opinions  on  this  question  at  all  times. 
Secondly, — ^Because  numbers  among  us  have 
emigrated  on  the  faith  of  the  Britisn  Govern- 
ment that  transportation  had  ceased  for  ever. 
Thirdly, — Because  it  is  incompatible  with  our 
existence  as  a  free  colony  desirinff  self  govern- 
ment to  be  made  the  receptacle  of  another 
country's  felons.  Fourthly, — Because  it  is  in 
the  highest  de^ee  unjust  to  sacrifice  the  great 
social  and  pobtical  interests  of  the  colony  at 
large  to  the  pecuniary  profit  of  a  fraction  of  its 
inhabitants.  Fifthly, — Because,  being  firmly 
and  devotedly  attached  to  the  British  Crown, 
we  greatly  fear  that  the  perpetration  of  so 
stupendous  an  act  of  injustice  by  Her  Majesty's 
Gk>vemment,  will  go  far  towards  alienating  the 
affections  of  the  people  of  this  colony  from  the 
mother  country.  For  these -and  many  other 
kindred  reasons — in  the  exercise  of  our  dut^  to 
our  country — for  the  love  we  bear  our  families 
— ^in  the  strength  of  our  loyaJty  to  Great 
Britain — and  from  the  depth  of  our  reverence 
for  Almighty  God — ^we  protest  against  the  land- 
ing of  British  convicts  on  these  shores."  Mr. 
Lowe,  who  had  in  the  meantime  arrived, 
seconded  this.  A  deputation  of  six  presented 
the  petition  to  Governor  Fitzrov  for  transmis- 
sion to  Engluid.  Thev  asked  the  Governor  to 
send  the  prisoners  back,  but  he  refused.  A 
meeting  was  held  June  18,  1849,  and  the  first 
resolution  prayed  Her  Majesty  to  remove  Earl 
Grey  from  ner  counsels.] 

"  Tuesday,  June  19,  1849.— All  the  convicts 
will  be  removed  from  the  ship  this  morning. 
They  have  all  been  engaged.      Li  addition  to 


those  previously  mentioned,  a  large  draft  wu 
sent  to  Parramatta  on  Saturday  under  engan- 
ment  to  Mr.  Fitzgerald,  M.LC.,'  and  Mr. 
Lawson,  and  others.  The  forty-five  sent  to 
Moreton  Bay  were  forwarded  at  the  expense 
of  the  Government,  not  being  under  any  engage- 
ment but  merely  sent  to  the  district  in  order 
that  the  settlers  there  may  have  an  opportanity 
of  hiring  them.  All  the  rest  have  bosn  taken 
from  the  ship  at  the  expense  of  the  employers. 
The  only  restrictions  are  that  the  men  are  not  to 
be  landed  in  Sydney  and  they  shall  not  be  em- 
ployed in  the  county  of  Cumberland."— /Vom 
Syaney  newspapers, 

COO-EE.  [See  Abobioinals'  Call  of  Com- 
munication.] 

COOK,  Captain.  [See  "  Men  of  thb  Tdd;,'* 
(Cook,  Captain  James).] 

COOLIES.  An  association  was  formed  in 
Sydney  to  petition  for  persons  to  be  permitted  to 
introduce  cooliesand  other  Indian  labonrerB.  Per* 
mission  had  to  be  obtained  from  the  Home  GoTem- 
ment.  The  Grovemor  was  averse  to  the  intro- 
duction of  this  class  of  persons,  on  the  groond 
that  it  would  tend  to  deteriorate  the  com- 
munity of  the  rising  colony  :  1842. 

COPPER. 

Copper  ore  discovered  at  Macquarie  Harbour, 
Van  Diemen's  Land,  Ajjril  20,  1827. 

Copper  discovered  in  New  South  Wales, 
January,  1829. 

Burra  Burra  Copper  mines  discovered  in  Soath 
Australia,  May  19,  1845.  [Total  quantity  of 
copper  raised  up  to  1875,  215,132  tons,  valued  at 
over  £4,000,000.] 

The  Kapunda  Copper  mines.  South  Australia, 
discovered  by  Messrs.  Dutton  and  Bagot,  1S43; 
first  10  tons  ore  reached  Adelaide  and  caused 
much  excitement,  January,  1844 ;  smelting  at 
mine,  December,  1849. 

Copper  ore  discovered  West  Australia,  Decem- 
ber 18,  1846. 

Copper  mines  on  Mr.  Icely*s  land  at  Corcoar, 
Kew  South  Wales,  discovered  November,  184S. 

John  Mollard,  alias  "  One-eyed  Dick,"  dis- 
covered the  Peak  Downs  Copper  mine,  Queens- 
land, December  18,  1861. 

John  Manton  took  up  three  80-acre  blocks  of 
the  land  discovered  by  Mollard,  at  the  Peak 
Downs,  and  floated  in  Svdney  the  Peak  Downs 
Copper  Company,  December,  1862.  [First Peak 
Downs  copper  smelted,  1864  ;  total  expenditure 
to  December  31,  1874,  £702,040  ;  total  receipts, 
£268,000.] 

The  Wallaroo  mine,  Yorke's  Peninsula,  dis- 
covered by  a  shepherd  on  Mr.  W.  Hughes' 
run,  1860. 

The  Moonta  mines,  S.A.,  discovered,  1861. 

[Total  quantity  of  ore  raised  from  Wallaroo 
mine  to  end  of  1875,  290,629  tons,  valued  at 
£4,500,000. 

Total  quantity  raised  from  Moonta  mine, 
Yorko's  Peninsula,  to  end  of  1875,  255,089  tons. 


COPPER  CODT— COITRTa 


73 


ifflonat  realised  on  ore  Bold,  £2,761,787.  Work- 
inz  expenses  and  plant,  £1,850,000.  Dividends 
paid  to  shareholders,  £928,000.] 

Copper  discovered  at  Bundaleer,  South  Aus- 
tnlia,  April  12, 1873.  [iSee Mineral  Statistics.] 

COPPER  CX)IN.  A  vessel  arrived  from  England 
biinging  £450  worth  of  copper  coin,  the  first 
wm  in  the  colony^  1800. 

CORNSTALKS.  A  term  applied  in  New  South 
Wales  long  ago  to  colonial-bom  youths. 

CORONER,  FiROT,  appointed  in  N.S.W.,  1825. 

CORROBBOREE, 

This  aboriginal  ceremony  and  festival  always 
takes  place  at  night,  and  by  the  light  of  blazing 
boughs.  The  blacks  dance  to  beaten  time  ac- 
companied by  a  song.  The  dancers  paint 
themselves  with  white  or  red  clay  in  such  re- 
markably varied  ways,  that  no  two  individuals 
are  at  all  alike.  The  surrounding  darkness 
Eeems  necessary  to  the  effect  of  the  whole,  all 
these  dances  being  more  or  less  dramatic  ;  the 
painted  figures  coming  forward  in  mystic  order, 
from  the  obscurity  of  the  background,  whilst 
the  singers  and  beaters  of  time  are  invisible.  All 
prodaces  a  highly  theatrical  effect.  Each  dance 
seems  most  remarkably  progressive,  the  move- 
ment being  at  first  slow,  and  introduced  by  two 
fenons,  msplaying  the  most  graceful  motions 
both  of  arms  and  le^,  whilst  others,  one  by  one, 
<irop  in,  until  each  miperceptibly  wears  into  the 
true  savage  attitude  of  the  corrobboree  jump, 
the  legs  rtriding  to  the  utmost,  the  head  turned 
over  one  shoulder,  the  eyes  glaring  and  fixed 
vith  savase  energy  in  one  direction,  •  the  arms 
nised  and  inclined  towards  the  head,  the  hands 
lunally  grasping  waddies,  boomerangs,  or  other 
warlike  weapons ;  the  jump  now  keeps  time 
with  each  beat,  and  at  each  leap  the  dancer 
t^ea  six  inches  to  one  side,  all  bemg  in  a  con- 
nected line  led  by  the  first  dancer.  The  line  is 
doabled  or  trebled  according  to  space  and  num- 
bers, and  this  gives  great  effect,  for  when  the 
fint  line  jumps  to  the  left  the  second  jumps  to 
the  right,  the  third  to  the  left  again,  and  so  on 
until  the  action  acquires  due  intensity,  when  all 
simnltaneously  and  suddenly  stop.  The  ex- 
citement which  this  dance  produces  in  the 
savage  is  really  remarkable ;  however  listless 
the  individual,  lying  half  asleep  perhaps,  as  he 
visually  is  when  not  intent  on  game,  wnen  once 
Kt  to  this  dance  he  is  fired  with  sudden 
energy,  every  nerve  being  strung  to  such  a  de- 
gree that  he  is  no  longer  to  be  recognised  as  the 
same  individual,  until  he  ceases  to  dance  and  re- 
turns to  his  normal  condition.  There  can  be 
little  doubt  but  that  the  "  CJorrobboree  "  is  the 
medium  through  which  the  delights  of  poetry 
and  the  drama  are  enjoyed,  in  a  umited  degree, 
even  by  these  primitive  savages. 

At  Meldoitbke.  A  CJorrobboree  was  held  to 
the  north  of  the  city  to  which  700  natives  flocked 
from  all  parts  of  the  country ;  and  some  alarm 
was  caused  amongst  the  people  of  Melbourne  at 


the  strange  and  wild  antics  of  these  native 
warriors,  who  kept  up  their  festival  from  sunset 
to  dawn  without  intermission,  June,  1844. 

CORRESPONDENCE  between  Sm  Hercules 
Robinson  (Oovernor  of  N.S.W.),  and  Sni 
James  Martin  (Chief  Justice),  on  the  Gardiner 
case,  published  July  21,  1875. 

COTTON.  First  ^wn  in  the  Sydney  Botanic 
Gardens  and  exhibited  by  Mr.  Charles  Frazer, 
1828 ;  planted  at  Moreton  Bay,  January,  1845 ; 
first  shipment  from  Queensumd,  January  29, 
1854 ;  first  cotton  grown  in  the  Hunter  district, 
New  South  Wales,  1856.  [iS^ee  Manufactories  ; 
cUso  Queensland.] 

COUNTIES,  N.S.W.  (settled). 

The  Colony  of  New  South  Wales  divided  into 
19  counties  for  the  purpose  of  settlement,  viz. : — 


Argyle 
Batnurst 
BUgh 
Briabona 
Camden 
Cook 

Cumberland 
Durhun 
Geoz;giuia 
Gloucester 
October  14,  1829. 


Hunter 

King 

Hurray 

Korthmnberland 

PhiUip 

Roxburgh 

St  Vincent 

Wellington 

Westmoreland 


COURSING. 

New  South  Wales, — ^First  coursing  match  came 
oflf  at  Bathurst,  N.S. W.,  May  8  and  9,  1876. 

Victoria, — First  public  coursing  meetins,  held 
at  Sunbury,  Victoria,  May  29,  30,  31,  ana  June 
2,  1873. 

COURTS.       • 

District  Court.  First  District  Court  held 
in  Sydney  May  6,  1844. 

Early  cases  in.  The  first  action  tried  in 
any  court  in  the  colonies  was  in  1790,  when  a 
captain  of  one  of  the  convict  ships  was  sued  for 
moneys,  &c.,  entrusted  to  him  for  some  of  the 
convicts  brought  out ;  a  verdict  was  given  for 
the  pkintiffs,  1790. 

Lieutenant-Governor's  Court,  consisting 
of  the  Deputy,  Judge- Advocate,  and  two  other 
persons,  first  opened  in  Van  Diemen's  Land, 
1816. 

Petty  Sessions.  First  held  in  Victoria,  July 
17,  1838. 

Practice  established  in  New  South  Wales, 
May  20,  1814. 

Quarter  Sessions.  A  court  of  civil  judica- 
ture was  established,  to  be  held  the  first  month 
of  each  quarter  in  the  year ;  and  two  magis- 
trates, consisting  of  the  Judge- Advocate  and 
another,  were  constituted  a  Court  for  the  recovery 
of  small  debts,  1811. 

First  general  Quarter  Sessions  held  in  Sydney, 
November  1,  1824;  at  Campbelltown,  New 
South  Wales,  June  3,  1828. 

W,  Poster f  Esq,,  elected  Chairman  of  Quarter 
Sessions  for  the  colony,  October  26,  1829. 


74 


COURTa 


At  the  SittingB  of  the  Qottrter  Seanooa,  Syd- 
ney, the  public  business  was  delayed  for  three 
days  through  the  Legislative  Council  on  a  con- 
stitutional point  having  refused  to  vote  the 
Crown  Prosecutor^s  sali^.  The  Clerk  of  the 
Peace  was  ordered  to  act,  but  it  was  found  Mr. 
Cheeke's  commission,  being  under  the  sisn 
manual,  could  not  be  superseded.  Mr.  Cheeke 
afterw2urds  came  forwara  and  acted,  reiving  on 
the  Council  re-considering  their  decision, 
January  2,  1844. 

RiQUXSTS.  The  first  sittings  in  Sydney  com- 
menced September  2,  1824. 

Established  in  various  parts  of  New  South 
Wales,  September  9,  1829. 

Boger  Therry,  Esq,,  Commissioner  of  the 
Courts  of  Requests,  New  South  Wales,  arrived 
in  Sydney,  November  4,  1829. 

The  amended  Court  of  Requests  Act  came  into 
operation  in  New  South  Wales.  By  this  Act 
the  jurisdiction  for  the  recovery  of  debts  was 
extended  from  £5  to  £30,  January  1,  1844. 

Supreme  Court. 

Chnl  and  Oenercd  Jurisdiction^  and  early  Ap- 
pointments. 

Riehard  A  tkins  appointed  Judge-Advocate,  December  18, 
1800. 

Blioi  Bentf  Judge-Advocate,  arrived  with  Governor 
Macquarie,  December  SO,  1800. 

A  new  Charter  of  Justice  published,  by  which  three 
Courts  of  Justice  were  establishea,— the  Governor's 
Court.  Supreme,  and  Lieutenant-Governor's  Court. 
The  first  consisted  of  the  Judge-Advocate  and  two 
magistrates,  which  toolc  cognizance  of  pleas  of  land 
or  subject  matter  of  action  that  did  not  exceed  £60. 
The  second,  a  Judge  appointed  by^mmission  under 
the  King's  Royal  Manual,  with  two  magistrates  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor.  This  was  a  Court  of 
Record,  and  had  all  the  powers  incident  thereto. 
The  third,  the  Lieutenant-Governor's  Court,  was 
established  in  Van  Dlemen's  Land.  It  consisted  of 
the  Judge- Advocate  of  the  island,  with  two  inhabi- 
tants nominated  by  the  Lieutenant-Governor,  its 
jurisdiction  being  the  same  as  that  of  the  Governor's 
Court:  July.  1814. 

Judge  Barron  Field  arrived  by  the  "Lord  MdviUe," 
February  24, 1817. 

Judge  Field  embarked  on  board  the  "  Mermaid,**  Lieu- 
tenant P.  P.  King,  commander,  and  sailed  for 
Hobart  Town  to  hold  his  first  circuit  of  the  Supremo 
Court  in  Van  Diemen's  Land,  December  24, 1818. 

Judge  Field  returned  to  Sydney,  January  14, 1810. 

First  Supreme  Court  held  at  Hobart  Town,  January  23, 
1819. 

Foundation  stone  of  Supreme  Court,  Now  South  Wales, 
Udd  June  4, 1819. 

Mr.  Otcrge  Allen,  the  first  Colonial  Attorn^  and 
Solicitor,  admitted  to  practice,  July  26, 1822. 

Mr.  Justice  Field  sailed  for  England  from  Sydney,  Feb. 
4,  1824. 

Mr,  FrandM  Fortes,  first  Chief  Justice  of  New  South 
Wales  (appointed  June,  1823)  arrived  March  5, 1824. 

Mr.  J.  L.  redder,  first  Chief  Justice,  arrived  in  Tas- 
mania, March  16,  1824. 

Mr,  John  Wylde,  Judge-Advocate,  appointed  temporary 
Judge,  Supreme  Court,  S^'dney,  March  24, 1824. 

New  Charter  of  Justice  arrived  April  5, 1824. 

Supreme  Court,  Tasmania,  establuhed  by  Royal  Charter, 
May  7,  1824,  and  March  4. 1831. 

Mr.  J.  L.  Pedder  appointed  first  Chief  Justice,  Van 
Diemen's  Land,  May  7.  1824.  (Mr.  Pedder  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar,  Middle  Temple,  June  16, 1820,  and 
knlffhted  in  1838.) 

Mr.  Saxe  Bannieter,  first  Attorney-General,  airived 
April  6, 1824. 


New  Charter  of  Justice  formaDy  promulgated  (at  the 
Georgian  School -house,  Castiereagh-street,  83*dne})in 
the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  May  17, 1924. 

Mr.  John  Mackanen,  first  Sheriff  under  His  Majcst}  i 
oommiMion,  arrived,  July  15, 1824. 

Mr.  John  Stephen,  first  Solicitor-General  and  Commit- 
sioner  of  the  Court  of  Requests,  and  Mr.  Wllliaiu 
Carter,  first  Master  in  Chancery,  arrived  in  S}dn«Y, 
Aug.  1, 1824. 

John  Stephen  appointed  Assistant  Judge  8q>n.Tn>- 
Court,  Aug.  17,  1824. 

Mr.  F.  E.  MM*,  tr^  Registrar  of  the  Supreme  Coon. 
arrived  in  Sydney,  Aug.  28, 1824. 

Through  the  exertions  of  Cliief  Justice  Forbes,  trial  b.\ 
jury  in  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  New  Sooth 
Wsies  was  first  instituted  (at  Uverpool)  Oct  14. 1824. 

JioAn  Carter  appointed  first  Master  in  Chancer?',  1821 

Solicitors  in  the  colony  acted  also  as  Barristers  Id  the 
Supreme  Court,  but  when  Messrs.  Wentwortb  aod 
Wardell  were  admitted  as  barristers  in  the  Sopmnc 
Court  this  year  thev  moved  for  a  division  of  the  Bar. 
which  was  argued  before  the  Court ;  but  the  Chief 
Justice  ruled  that  the  existing  Charter  did  not  allov 
of  the  construction  which  the  movers  sought  to  en- 
force. Tlie  motion  was  resisted,  on  behalf  of  tfa« 
attorneys,  by  Messrs.  Rowe, 'Garling,  Moorr,  Norton. 
Chambers,  and  Allen.  The  discussion  on  this  ocauion 
was  the  most  severe  and  interesting  that  had  tstr 
taken  place  in  the  colony,  1824. 

First  Jury  empannelled  in  the  Supreme  Ooort,  to  dis- 
pose of  a  case,  the  King  v.  Robert  Cooper,  when  a  ver- 
dict was  returned  for  the  defendant,  Feb.  It,  I82S. 
[The  establishment  of  trial  biy  jury  caused  consdoi- 
Die  ill-will  and  contention,  because  the  ennad- 
piste,  who  then  formed  a  numerous,  wealthy,  «pd 
respectable  daas,  were  excluded  from  the  Jury  list 
framed  in  the  first  instance.  The  emancipists, 
determined  not  to  allow  this  exclusion  to  become  ao 
established  usage,  submitted  the  matter  before  the 
highest  tribunal,  and  an  order  was  issued  for  the 
SMfiif  to  show  cause  requiring  him  to  insert  certain 
names  of  persons  in  the  list  of  jurors  for  the  Ooarkr 
Sesaions.  The  result  was  that  the  Chief  Justice 
decided  that  the  application  made,  as  it  was  on 
aflidavit,  was  in  itself  irregular,  and,  therefore  in- 
efficient to  answer  the  end  proposed  ;  that  when  any 
other  remedy  could  be  obtained  the  hii^  prerofra- 
tive  writ  of  %nandamu»  could  not  be  mlied  for,  aod 
that  a  more  simple  remedy  was  open  to  toe  complain- 
ants. The  Solicitor-General,  Mr.  John  Stephen,  ap- 
peared for  the  Sheriff,  Messrs.  Wardell  and  Tloitworth 
for  the  emancipists.] 

Judge-Advocate  Wylde  embarked  at  3ydney  for  Engiand. 
Feb.  12, 1825. 

Mr.  John  Stephen,  Solicitor-General,  appointed  Assistant 
Judge  in  the  Supreme  Court,  August  7, 1825. 

Supreme  Court  House,  Sydney,  formally  opened  bj 
proclamation.  July  31, 1£^. 

Mr.  WUUam  Henry  Moore  appointed  Acting  Attonej 
General  vice  Bannister,  October  1820. 

The  King's  Commission,  appointing  Mr.  John  Stefltfi' 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  arrived,  ^o- 
vember  3,  1826. 

Mr.  James  Holland,  appointed  Solidtor-Genenl  for 
New  South  Wales,  and  Commissioner  of  Court  of  Be- 
quests, Deoember;12, 1826. 

Mr.  Justice  DowUna,  one  of  the  Assistant  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  New  South  Wales,  arrived  in  Sydney, 
per  ship  "  Hooghley,"  February  24, 1827. 

Mr.  Alexander  Maeduf  Baxter,  Attomey-GeMnl. 
arrived  in  Sydney,  July  81, 1827.  ,. . 

Mr.  William  Foster  arrived  with  appofaitmentof  Soha- 
tor-General  of  Now  South  Wales,  August  21,  1327. 

Sheriff  Mackaness  suspended,  in  consequence  of  m« 
preaidinff  at  a  general  public  meeting  held  in  the  earl? 
part  of  the  year,  and  in  his  capacity  of  Chairman,  i<v 
failing  to  stop  language  which  a'as  consideredto 
be  offensive  to  Church  and  State,  December,  1^ 
Lord  Ooderieh,  Secretary  for  the  Colonies,  directed  w 
should  not  be  re-appointed,  December  13,  lis27.    , 

Mr.  M'Quoid,  fomieriy  a  merchant  in  Java,  appomted 
Sheriff  of  New  South  Wales.  February  24, 1823. 

Mr.  John  Samptton,  Solicitor-General,  arrived  in  Sydney, 
Mareh  12,  182S. 

Supreme  Court  buildings,  King-street,  Sydney.  »«»- 
menoed  in  year  1820  (Court  first  held  in  one  ol  ve 
wings  in  1862),  completed  August  28, 182& 


COUKTa 


75 


The  eidinhm  of  emanciplBts  from  the  Jaiy  Utt  brought 

toftdoM,  182& 
Mr.  WiUutai  Carter  appofaited  Sheriff,    January  6, 

Mr  J.  E.  Manning,  R^ietnr  of  the  Supreme  Court, 

BTiTed  in  Svdney,  May  6»  1820. 
Mr.  Benry  Moore   appointed  Crown  St^dtor  of  New 

SoQth  Walea,  August  1, 1820. 
KTiskn  of  the  Bar  Supreme  Court.  New  South  Wales, 

Hide  by  order  of   the  Judges,  Uie  leoal  gentlemen 

btingr  given  ttie  option  of  choosing  which  branch  of 

the  pntfeasion  they  would  adopt,  September  6, 1820. 
niA  Act  of  Oounal  establishing  trial  by  Jury  in  dvil 

cases  passed,  October  10, 1820. 
Mr.  Jdkn  Kinehela,  LL.D.,  AUomey-Oeneral  for  the 

eolooy,  arriTed,  June  24, 1881. 
Mr.  Edward  M'DowaU  appohited  SoUdtor-Oeneral  of 

New  South  Walea,  December  10, 18SL 
Mr  Jdbi  Stephen  (aged  04),  one  of  the  Puisne  Judges 

of  the  Supreme  Court  of   New  South  Walea,  was 

sDoved,  by  a  Treasury  minute,  to  retire  on  a  pension 

of  £600  per  annum,  March  27, 1832. 
Mr.  Jckn  Hubert  Plttnkett^  Solidtor-Oeneral,  arrived 

ia  New  South  Wales  in  the  ship  "Southwark,"  June 

14,l8St 
Jwl9«  Burtcn  (from  the  Gape  of  Good  Hope)  arrived 

«ith  the  appointment  of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court, 

Sydney,  18S2. 
Mr.  Juetiee  Stephen  formally  retired  from  the  Bench 

through  ill  health,  an  address  being  presented  to  him 

by  the  members  of  the  Bar.  March  10, 1833. 
Mr.  JuMtiu  Dmeiing  prooeeued  to  Norfolk  Island  with 

a  nedal  oommisaion  for  trial  of  prisoners  at  that 

sraement  charged  with  capital  oflenoes,  September 

Hk  qualiilcation  of  emancipists  to  dt  as  jurymen 
teslly  decided  by  the  formal  opinion  of  the  Judges 
(Chid  Justice  Forbes,  and  Justices  Dowling  and 
Bartm),  under  the  statute  of  0th  Qeorge  IV,  acoord- 
ipg  to  which  Act,  persons  perfectly  free,  within  the 
Ufflits  of  the  colony,  whether  by  absolute  or  condi- 
tiooal  pardon,  were  entitled  to  all  the  privileges  of 
faeedom.  188S. 

Aimooneement  made  by  the  Judges  that  the  rule  of  the 
Court  promulgated  throe  years  bdore,  relative  to  the 
division  of  the  profetnion  had  been  confirmed  by  the 
Kii^  and  would  be  aocordingly  acted  upon,  Novem- 
ber 1.1834. 

J«4fr  Burton  vidted  Norfolk  Island  and  tried  one 
hundred  and  thirty  capital  charges,  1834. 

Mr.  Juetiee  Burton  announced  from  the  Bench  his 
determination  to  prevent  all  but  property  qualified 
psrties  from  practising  as  solidtors  or  convej'ancers, 
October  5, 1835. 

Mr  Justice  DowUrta  was  appointed  Acting  Chief 
JosUoe,  and  Mr.  J.  Kin^eta  second  Puisne  Judge, 
ipril  14. 1830. 

CUe/  Juttiee  Forben  retired  from  the  Bench,  a  public 
meeting  being  hdd,  and  an  address  voted  and  pre- 
mted  to  His  Honor,  July,  1837. 

Mr  J.  Walpole  Willie  arrived  with  appointment  as 
SBeond  Puisne  Judge,  November  3, 1837. 

nnt  Court  in  Port  Phillip  held  in  a  small  brick  building 
d  the  comer  of  King  and  Bourke  streets,  His  Honor 
J.  W.  Willis  bdng  the  flrd  Judge,  1841. 

Mr.  Justice  (now  ^r)  Alfred  St^Ken  arrived  in  Sydney 
huoi  HobartTown  with  the  appointment  of  second 
Pdane  Judge.  May  7, 1880. 

Sir  Charles  Cooper  firet  Supreme  Court  Judge,  South 
Australia,  1830  to  1840. 

Ihe  Judges  decided  that  the  English  bankrupt  laws  were 
f»t  applicable  to  the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales, 
November  26, 1880. 

New  insolvency  laws  came  into  operation,  February  2, 
1841 

Rid  Supreme  Court  New  Zealand  oiiened  February  28, 
1841 

i.  IT.  Young  arrived  in  New  South  Wales  with  the 
sppointment  of  High  Sheriff,  October  8, 1842. 

Jiulge  WiUis  removed  from  the  Colonial  Bench,  Novem- 
ber 12, 1842  ;  he  was  Reddent  Judge  at  Port  Phillip. 
(The  Superintendent  of  that  place  offldally  reported 
that  the  Judge  did  not  possess  the  confidence  of  the 
pdilk!.  The  complaint  q)edfically  urged  against  him 
«is  want  of  dignity,  and  petulance  unbecoming  a 
Judge.   Judge  Jefloott  was  appointed  his  sttocessor] 


Jfr.  Samuel  F.  MUford,  the  first  Master-in-Equity  hi 
the  Supreme  Court,  New  Sooth  Wales,  arrived  in  the 
colony,  January  1,  184S. 

Mr.  O.  P.  F.  Oregary,  Prothonotary,  Supreme  Court, 
New  South  Wales,  arrived.  August  13, 1843. 

ifr.  (afterwards  Sir)  J.  Nodes  JHekinson  arrived  in  New 
South  Wales  to  fill  the  second  Puisne  Judgeship, 
vacant  by  the  removal  of  Mr.  Justice  Burton  to  the 
Judicial  Bench  of  Madras,  October  18,  ISM. 

Sir  James  Dousing,  Chief  Justice,  died,  having  been 
Judge  in  the  colony  from  August  0,  1827,  and  Chief 
Justice  from  April.  1830,  to  September  27.  1844. 

Mr.  Justice  Stephen  i4>pointed  to  succeed  Sir  Jamei 
Dowling  as  Chief  Justice,  1844. 

Jfr.  jRo^er  Therry  appointed  Reddent  Judge  of  Port 
Phillip,  nice  his  Honor  Mr.  Justice  Jeffcott,  January 
18, 1845.  [Mr.  Alfred  Cbeeke  succeeded  to  the  Com- 
misdonership  of  the  Court  of  Requests,  his  office  of 
Crown  Prosecutor  bdng  given  to  Mr.  Thomas  Cal- 
laghan,  January  18, 1845.] 

Jfr.  W.  A* Beckett  appointed  Reddent  Judge  of  Port 
Phillip,  Buooeeding  Mr.  Roger  Therry,  who  was 
gasetted  as  being  appointed  by  Her  Majesty  a  Puisne 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  South  Wales, 
February  3, 1846. 

New  Charter  of  Justice  issued  to  New  Zealand,  by  the 
Queen  December  23, 1840. 

Sir  Charles  Cooper  first  Chief  Justice  S.  Austrdia,  1840. 

Thomas  Boms  appointed  Aethig  Puisne  Judge,  Tas- 
mania, 1850. 

Sir  WiUiam  A*BetkeU,  Chief  JusUoe  of  Victoria,  186L 

Sir  Bedmond  Barry,  Puisne  Judge,  Victoria,  1851. 

Benjamin  Boothby,  Puisne  Judge,  South  Australia,  Feb- 
ruary, 1853. 

Jfr.  Justice  WiUiams  appointed  Supreme  Court  Judge. 
Victoria,  1854. 

Hon.  Robert  MoUsworth,  Puisne  Judge,  Victoria,  June 
17,1850. 

Sir  Valentine  FUming.  Knt.  (who  was  admitted  bar- 
rister of  Oray's  Inn,  November  21, 1848,  and  formaay 
years  Attomey-Oeneral  of  Tasmania),  appointed  Chid 
Justice  of  Tannania,  1850. 

first  Supreme  Court,  Brisbane,  April  6, 1857. 

Alfred  J.  P.  Lutwyche  appointed  supreme  Court  Judge, 
Moreton  Bay  district,  October  21, 1850. 

Edward  Cattres  Ournvne,  Primary  Judge  in  Equity, 
South  Australia,  February.  1850. 

Jfr.  Edward  Wise  appointed  Puisne  Judge,  New  South 
Wales,  February  15, 1860. 

Sir  B.  D.  Hanson  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  South 
Australia,  1801. 

Sir  Archibald  Caul  Burt,  Chief  Justice,  Western  Aus- 
tralia, 1801. 

Sir  James  Cockle,  first  Chid  Justice  of  Queensland,  1802. 

F.  D.  Fenton,  Chid  Judge  of  Native  L^nds  Court,  New 
Zedand,1864. 

Alfred  Cheeks,  Puisne  Judge  of  Supreme  Court,  Sydn^, 
June,  1865. 

George  Hibbert  Deffell,  Master-in-Equlty,  N.  &  Wales, 
1867 ;  Commisdoner  in  Insolvency,  1865. 

Peter  Faueett,  Puisne  Judge,  Supreme  Court,  New 
South  Wales,  October  0,  1865. 

Arthur  Todd  Holroyd,  Master-in-Equity,  New  South 
Wales,  1860. 

William  Lambert  Dobson  appointed  Puisne  Judge, 
T^wmania,  February  5, 1870. 

Sir  Francis  Smith  u>pointed  Chief  Justice  of  Tasmania 
Osdmitted  to  the  Bar,  Middle  Temple,  May  27,  1842), 
February  6. 1870. 

T,  H.  FeUotes,  Puisne  Judge,  Victoria,  1872. 

SirJamea  Martin  appointed  Chief  Justice,  New  South 
Wales  (vice  Sir  Alfred  Stephen,  retired).  Nov.,  10, 1878. 

Carles  LUley,  Puisne  Judge,  Queensland,  July,  1874. 

iSiir  Williiftn  Montagu  Manning,  Q.C.,  sworn  in  as 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  New  South  Wdea  {vice 
Cheeke,  deceased).  May  4. 1876. 

James  Penn  BoueatU^  Puisne  Judge,  S.A.,  Sept,  1878. 

New  Law  Courts  at  Brisbane  opened,  March  10, 1870. 

Criminal  Jurisdiction. 

llie  Criminal  Court  was  convened  for  the  first  time  in 
the  settlement  of  New  South  Wdes,  when  a  person 
was  sentenced  to  recdve  150  lashes  and  another  to  be 
confined  on  Pinchgut  Idand  for  a  week  on  bread  and 
water  (this  fact  giving  the  name  to  the  IsUnd),  Feb- 
ruary 11, 1788. 


76 


COWPASTTJRE— CRICKET. 


CrimiDftl  Court  conTened  in  New  South  Wales;  lix 
convicts  received  sentence  of  death  for  robbery  of 
stores ;  one  was  sentenced  to  be  executed  the  same  day, 
one  was  pardoned,  and  the  four  others  were  reprieved, 
February  26, 1788. 

A  criminal  libel  case  took  plaoa  Br.  W.  Bland  was 
convicted  of  libelling  the  Qovemor  by  the  oomposiUon 
and  publishing  of  vuious  letters  and  verses  contained 
in  a  manuscript  book,  dropped  on  the  Parramatta  Road, 
and  tiius  brought  to  light    He  was  sentenced  to  be  im- 

Srisoned  for  twelve  months,  to  pay  a  fine  of  £50,  and  to 
nd  two  sureties  for  two  years,  himself  in  £200  uid  two 
sureties  in  £100  each.    September  24, 18ia 

The  first  sittings  of  the  Supreme  Court,  in  its  criminal 
Jurisdiction,  established  by  the  new  charter,  held  by 
Sir  Francis  Forbes,  Chief  Justioe,  June  10. 1824. 

The  first  official  return  of  trials  before  the  Court  of 
Criminal  Jurisdiction,  from  the  year  1810  to  1824  in- 
clusive, published  1826.  [Up  to  1822  crime  increased ; 
after  that  time  the  scale  turned  and  crime  rapidly  de- 
creased ;  during  the  first  six  years  95  persons  paid  the 
extreme  penalty  of  the  law,  16  of  which  were  for 
murder.] 

First  Circuit  Court  at  Maltland  (Wallis  Plains)  opened  by 
Mr.  Justice  Dowling,  August  17, 1829. 

First  criminal  session  hdd  in  Melbourne,  Ainil  12, 
1841. 

The  Criminal  Court  was  removed  from  the  present 
Siq>reme  Court  to  the  court-house,  Darlinghurst,  1842. 

CO  WPASTUEE.  Lost  Cattle  discovered  here, 
1797.    [See  Government  Ordebs,  July  6,  1803.] 

COX,  John  Hbnrt,  commander  of  the  briff 
**  Mercury,"  touched  at  Van  Diemen*s  Land,  and 
subsequently  put  into  Oyster  Bay,  July  3,  1789. 

CBICKET. 

The  "  Australian  Cricket  CluV  held  their  annual  meet- 
ing in  Sydney,  when  some  good  play  was  exhibited.    It 

was  announced  at  the  meeting  that  the  Windsor  Cricket 

Club  refused  to  play  their  brother  amateurs  in  Sydney, 

Januai^  1, 1827. 
Match   at  Sy^ey  between  two  elevens  composed  of 

Colonial  youths,  January  1, 1830. 
Match  on  the  Sydney  Racecourse  between  two  clubs 

was  won  by  the  Australiana  beating  the  Home,  January 

26,1830. 
Match  between  eleven  of  the  Australians  and  eleven 

of  the  57th  R^ment,  at  Sydney ;  Australians  won. 

Scores— Australians,  76  and  186 ;  Militaiy,  101  and  87, 

February  26, 1880. 
Betimi   match   in   Sydney  between  Australians  and 

Military  for  10  guineas  aside.    Former  won.    Scores — 

Colonials,  05  and  71 ;  Militaiy,  82  and  52.  March  23, 1830. 
Match  between  Australians  and   Militaiy  elevens  at 

Hyde  Park,  Sydney.    Soldiers  won  with  six  wickets  to 

spare.    June  18. 1832. 
Return  match  Military  and  Australians.    The  former 

won.    July  2, 1832. 
Match  between  eleven  Englishmen  tram  the  Amateur 

Club  and  eleven  natives  from  the  Australian  Club. 

Scores— Australians,  187  and  117  ;  Englishmen,  38  and 

sa    December  25, 1882. 
Match  at  Sydney  between  the  Australian  and  Amateur 

Clubs.    Australians  won  in  one  innings  and  19  runs  to 

spare.    January  1, 1833. 
Si^Ie  wicket  match  on  Hyde  Park,  between  Mr.  Edward 

Flood  and  a  soldier  of  4th  Regiment ;  each  parly  allowed 

two  fields.    Soldier  won,  having  scored  6  to  Mr.  Flood's 

4.  June  11, 183a 
Match  at  Sydney  between  Military  (4th  Regiment)  and 

Australian  Club,  elevens.    Scores— 4th  R^ment^  186 

and  16,  with  4  wickets  to  fall ;  Australians,  71  and  48, 

February  5, 1884. 
Match  at  Sydney  between  Immigrants  and  Australians. 

Scsores— AustnUians,  168  and  65;  Immigrants,  02  and 

72.    Januarv  1, 1836. 
Return  match  between  Immigrants  and  Australians. 

Latter  won  with  10  wickets  to  spare.  January  19, 1835. 
Otorffe  H.  B.  OUberty  of  the  Albert  Club,  ma  match 

with  the  National  Club,  played  in  the  Domain,  Syd> 

ney,  carried  out   his  bat  for  118  runs,  the  highest 

score  obtained  in  New  South  Wales.  1858. 


The  ftrst  All  England  Eleven  CiicketerB  axrived  in  Au- 
talia.  They  came  out  in  the  "Great  Britain,"  and 
landed  in  Melbourne  Dec.  23, 1861.  [T6  Messrs.  Spien 
and  Pond  the  credit  is  due  of  bringing  these  cricketeis 
to  Australia.  Hie  names  of  the  1st  A.  E.  £.  vers : 
H.  H.  Stephenson  (CaptainX  W.  Osityn,  0.  Bennett, 
J.  Mudie,  O.  Oriffith,  R.  Iddison,  T.  Hesme,  E. 
Stephenson,  a  Lawrence,  W.  Mortloek,  T.  SeweU, 
jun.,  and  O.  Wells  (emeigemnr).] 

First  match  of  A.  E.  E.  against  eighteen  Tictorisns. 
Victorians  scored  118  first  inninn,  91  second ;  total, 
200 ;  A.  E.  E.  805  first  innings.  In  one  innii^  von 
by  All  England  with  06  runs  to  spare,  Jan.  1,  2,  and 
8,  1862.  The  next  match  was  played  in  Melboane 
against  a  combined  team  of  twenty-two  Ticknian  and 
New  South  Welshmen.  The  scores  of  the  combined 
team  were  153  first  innings,  and  144  second  innings. 
The  A.  E.  E.  scored  111  first  innings,  and  10  in  the 
second  innings,  viien  the  stumps  wore  drawn  before 
the  match  was  played  out.   January  17  and  18, 1862. 

Arrival  in  Sydney  of  1st  A.  E.  E.,  Jan.  17, 1862. 

Cricket  match  of  A.  E.  E.  against  twenty-two  of  New 
South  Wales :— N.  S.  W.  1st  innings.  127  ;  second,  65; 
total,  102.  A.  E  E.  1st  inninn,  175;  second,  66; 
total,  241.  A.  E.  E.  winning  with  49  runs  to  spare. 
January  29,  80,  and  81, 1862. 

First  A.  £.  Eleven  arrived  at  Launoeston,  Tasmania, 
Feb.  19,  1862.  Match  between  A.  E.  E.  and  twesc>- 
two  Tasmania  won  by  the  A.  £.  E.  with  4  wickeU  to 
spare.  Feb.  21, 1862. 

The  A.  E  E.  returned  to  Victoria,  and  played  in  Manfa 
against  Ballarat,  Bendigo,  and  Castlenoaine. 

Aboriginal  team  left  for  England,  1868.    t^  Abousi- 

KAL  CRICRBTBBS.] 

Match  on  the  Albert  Ground  between  Univerntics  d 
Melbourne  and  Syidtaiev  comm«iced,  Dec.  27, 1871. 

Universitv  olcket  match  between  Sydney  and  Mdboarae 
concluded.  Scores  ^Melbourne,  first  innings,  100; 
second  innings,  123 ;  total,  243.  Sydney  first  innings, 
185  ;  second  innings,  89 ;  total,  244.  Sydney  won 
with  9  wickets  to  spare.  Dec  31, 1871. 

Intercolonial  match  won  dv  Melbourne,  April  1, 1871 

Intercolonial  match,  Sydnev  v.  Brisbane,  plajed  at 
Brisbane.  Brisbane  won  with  69  runs  to  spare,  Dec 
1, 1875. 

Cricket  match  between  All  England  Eleven  and  S3  o( 
Ikranaki,  February,  13, 1877. 

Intercolonial  match  between  New  South  Wales  and 
Victoria.  Won  by  New  South  Wales  with  1  wicket 
and  2  runs  to  spare,  February  26, 1878. 

The  Combined  Australian  Eleven  defeated  fifteen  of  Vk- 
toria  and  New  South  Wales,  winning  by  4  wickets  and 
2  runs,  March  4, 1878. 

Australian  Eleven  defeated  eighteen  of  Victoria  by  1^ 
runs,  March  25, 187& 

Australian  Eleven  sailed  for  England,  via  San  Trandsco, 
March  29, 1878. 

Australian  Eleven  landed  at  Liverpool,  England,  May 
18,  1878. 

Australian  Eleven  defeated  twenty-two  of  Ontario, 
Canada,  by  29  runs,  October  10, 1878. 

Enthusiastic  reception  of  the  Australian  cricketers  in 
Sydney  on  their  return  from  England,  November  3S, 
1878. 

Australian  Eleven  defeated  by  fifteen  of  Sydney  in  one 
innings  and  16  runs  to  spare.  December  2, 1878. 

Eleven  gentlemen  of  England  (Lord  Harris's  team)  de- 
feated eighteen  of  South  Australia  by  4  wickets.  De- 
cember 14, 1878. 

The  Australian  Eleven  defeated  fifteen  of  Victoria  by  S 
runs  and  6  wickets  to  siMire  (Murdoch,  of  N.8.W.,  made 
153  runs  in  his  second  innings),  Deonnbor  16, 1878. 

Australian  Eleven  defeated  by  eighteen  of  South  Aus- 
tralia, December  28, 1878. 

Match  between  Lord  Harris's  team  and  fifteen  of  Victoria 
resulted  in  a  draw.  The  Englishmen  made  831  in  their 
,  first  innings,  and  the  Victorians  made  S13  and  314  m 
their  first  and  second  innings,  December  28, 187S. 

Names  of  the  first  Australian  team  that  visited  England: 
—Gregory,  D.,  (capUinX  Bailw,  C.  Bannerman,  A. 
Bannerman,  Boyle,  Allan,  Spoflorth,  Blackham,  Gtf* 
rett,  Horan,  and  Murdoch.  Mr.  Conway  accompanied 
the  team  to  England,  and  acted  as  their  agent  They 
won  twenty-four  matches,  lost  seven,  and  sixteen 
were  drawn.  1878.  (These  included  matches  played 
in  Canada  and  the  United  States.) 


CBICKET. 


77 


Australian  Elkvxn  in  America. 

r.  SL  G«>npe*9  Clab,  New  York.  Australians— nnt 
iomng<!i,  70;  second  innings,  92  for  6  wickets;  total. 
102.  St.  Oooise's  Eighteen—First  innings,  63  ;  secona 
iuniii^  86 ;  total,  16L  Australians  won  by  5 
wicketA  and  1  run,  October,  1878. 

t  Gcrmontown  Club,  Philadelphia.  Australians — 
FlntiimiBgSi  150  ;  second  innings,  66  with  6  wickets 
down ;  total,  206.  Germantown— First  innings,  190  : 
second  innings,  uS  ;  total,  249.  The  match  resulted 
inadimw.  Iliis  dub  is  considered  the  strongest  in 
America  October.  1878. 

t.  Twenty-two  of  Ontario,  at  Quebec,  Canada.  Aus- 
trklians— First  innings,  319.  Twenty-two  of  Ontario 
-First  innings,  98 ;  second  innings  (not  to  hand). 
Won  by  the  Australians  in  one  innings,  October,  1878. 

r.  Bglttcen  of  Detroit,  at  Detroit  Australians— First 
mninga,  298.  Detroit  scored  in  the  two  innings, 
^3&.  Won  Iqr  Australians  in  one  innings  and  71  runs 
to  spare,  October,  1878. 

f.  Califoraian  twenty-two.  Resulted  in  an  easy  victory 
for  the  Australians  in  one  innings  and  184  runs  to 
spare,  October  28, 187a 


ArsTBALiAN  Eleven  in  Australia. 

r.  IS  o(  Brisbane,  at  Brisbane :  won  by  1  inninss  and  23 
roos.  Australian  Eleven  148;  Brisbane,  first  innings, 
&s;  second  innings,  03,  November,  1877.  [C.  Banner- 
man  played  a  fine  innings  for  74  runs.] 

c-  '^  of  Dsu-llng  Downs,  at  Toowoomba :  won  by  181  runs. 
Aostnlian  Eleven,  first  innings,  140  ;  second  innings, 
10):  Darling  Downs,  first  innings,  51 ;  second  innings, 
«7.    November.  1877. 

r.  15  of  New  South  Wales,  at  Sydney :  won  by  4  runs  and 
4  vickets.  AusteiUian  Eleven,  first  innings,  ISO ;  second 
iniungB,  e  wickets  for  142 :  New  South  Wales,  first 
inning,  168  ;  second  innings,  120.     November,  1877. 

r.  :S  of  Northern  districts,  at  West  Maitland  :  won  by  77 
runs.  Australian  Eleven,  first  innings,  00  *,  second 
mnin^ri.  137  :  Northern-  districts,  flzst  innings,  60  ; 
swT'md  innings,  90.    November,  1877. 

T.iif4  Newcsb-tle,  at  Newcastle :  won  by  50  runs  in  first 
irmin;;.^  being  a  one  day's  match.  Australian  Eleven, 
109  :  Newcastle,  first  innings,  60 ;  second  innings,  73. 
Xoveinbcr,  1877. 

r.  1^  of  South  Australia^t  Adelaide :  won  by  1  run  and 
9TicketdL  Australian  Eleven,  first  innings,  164;  second 
inning  1  wicket  for  82  :  South  Australia,  first  innings, 
M;  K-oond  innings,  141.    December,  1877. 

r.  ^  of  Sandhtcrst,  at  Sandhurst :  won  in  1  innings. 
I>o«!mber,  1877. 

r.  tl  of  Sandhurst,  at  Sandhurst :  drawn.  December, 
hT7. 

r.  15  of  New  South  Wales  and  IHctoria,  at  Melbourne : 
tie.  Australian  Eleven,  first  innings.  123 ;  second  in- 
ninirB,112 :  Combined  Team,  first  innings,  138 ;  second 
ionings,  97.   December,  1877. 

T.  *1  of  InvercarplI,  at  Invercaz^U  :  won  by  1  innings 
ud  139  runsL  Australian  Eleven,  267 :  Invercargiu, 
UtA  innings,  80  ;  second  innings,  39.    January^878. 

t.  2S  of  Donedin,  at  Dunedin :  drawn.  Austnlian  Eleven, 
fint  innings,  92 :  Dunedin,  first  innings,  124 ;  secona 
mnings,  93.    January,  1878. 

t.  22  of  Omaru,  at  Omaru :  won  by  43  runs.  January, 
1371 

c<  U  of  Canterbury,  at  Christchurch :  lost  by  6  wickets. 
Australian  Eleven,  first  innings,  46 ;  second  innings, 
li3:  Oanterbury,  first  innings,  136;  second  innings,  67 
for  6  wickets.  January,  1878. 

r.  23  of  Wellington,  at  Wellington :  won  by  1  run  and  0 
pickets.  Australian  Eleven,  first  innings,  166  ;  second 
inningB,  1  wicket  for  10  runs;  Wellington,  first  innings, 
^1 ;  second  innings,  84.   January,  1878. 

?■  a  of  Hawke's  Bay,  at  Hastings,  near  Napier :  won 
by  1  innings  and  34  runs.  Australian  Eleven,  first 
ioolngs,  49;  second  innings,  68.   February,  1878. 

r-  S  of  Auckland,  at  Auckland  :  won  by  1  innings  and  28 
n:ns.  Australian  Eleven,  first  innings,  173 :  Auckland, 
first  innings,  86 ;  second  innings,  62.    Febrouy,  1878. 

e- 15  of  New  South  Wales  and  Victoria,  at  Sydney ; 
von  by  3  runs  and  4  wickets.  Australian  Eleven,  first 
innintpi,  126 ;  second  innings,  6  wickets  for  106 :  Com- 
bined Team,  first  inningS|  78 ;  second  innings,  160. 
Februaiy,  1878. 


V.  22  of  Oeelong,  at  Oeelong :  won  by  86  runs  in  first 

innings,  being  a  1  day's  match.    Australian  Eleven, 

182 :  Oeelong.  96.    March,  1878. 
«.  294  of  Ballarat,   at   Ballarat:    drawn.      Australian 

Eleven,  first  innings,  86 ;  second  Innings,  8  wickets 

for  26  :  Ballarat,  fvst  innings,  134 ;   second  innings, 

165.    March,  1878. 
V.  22  of  Ovens  and  District,  at  Beechworth :  won  by  1 

run  and  10  wickets.    Australian  Eleven,  first  innings, 

180;  second  innings,  1  run  without  loss  of  wicket: 

Ovens  and  District,  first  innings,  102 ;  second  innings, 

84.    March,  1878. 
V.  18  of  Victoria,  at  Melbourne:  won  by  155  runs. 

Australian  Eleven,  first  inninsrs,  163 ;  second  innings, 

240 :  Victoria,  first  innings,  123 ;  second  innings,  116w 

Mszch  25, 1878. 
«.  New  South  Wales :  New  South  Wales  won  in  one 

innings.    November  29,  30,  31, 1878. 
«.  18  of  Adelaide :  Adelaide  won  by  70  runs.   December, 

1878. 
V.  16  of  Victoria;  Australians  won  by    6  wickets. 

December,  1878. 
V.  22  of  Ballarat :  drawn.    December,  1878. 
V.  English  team,  at  Melbourne :  Australians  won  by  10 

wickets.    January  2, 1879. 
Total  matches  played,  21 :  won,  IB ;  lost,  1 ;  tie,  1 ; 

drawn,  8b 


Australian  Eleven  in  Enolani>. 

«.  11  of  Nottingham,  at  Trentbridge  Ground,  Notting- 
ham :  lost  by  1  innings  and  14  runs.  Australians, 
first  innings,  63;  second  innings,  76.  Nottingham, 
first  innings,  163.    May,  1878. 

V.  11  of  Maiylebone  Cricket  Club,  at  Lords :  won  by  9 
wickets.  Australians,  first  innings,  41 :  second  in- 
nings, 1  out  for  12.  Marylebone,  first  innings,  88 ; 
second  innings,  19.   May,  1878. 

V.  11  of  Yorkshire,  at  Huddersfleld :  won  by  6  wickets. 
Australians,  first  innings,  118  ;  second  innings,  4  out 
for  28.  Yorkshire,  first  innings,  72 ;  second  innings, 
73.   Mav,  1878. 

9.  11  of  Yorkshire,  at  Huddersfleld  :  won  by  6  wickets, 
being  one  day's  match.  Australians,  first  innings,  4 
out  for  62 ;  Yorkshire,  first  inninrd,  61.   May,  1878. 

9.  11  of  Surrey,  at  Kennington  Oval:  won  by  6  wickets. 
Australians,  first  innings.  110 ;  second  innings,  6  out 
for  78.  Surrey,  first  innings,  107  ;  second  innings,  80. 
June,  1878. 

V.  18  of  Elland,  at  EUand :  won  by  80  runs.  Aus- 
tralians, first  innings,  90 ;  second  innings,  85.  Elland, 
first  innings,  29 ;  second  innings,  66.    June,  1878. 

«.  18  of  Batley,  at  Batley :  drawn,  owing  to  rain. 
Australians,  first  innings,  160.  Batley,  10  wickets 
for  60.  June.  1878. 

9. 18  of  Longsight  (Manchester),  at  Longsight :  lost  by 
2  wickets.  Australians,  first  innings,  67 ;  second 
innings,  67.  Longsight,  first  iunings,  63;  second  in- 
nings, 16  out  for  72.  June,  1878. 

V.  11  Gentlemen  of  En«rland,  at  Prince's  Ground,  London : 
lost  by  1  run  and  1  umings.  Australians,  first  innings, 
75 ;  second  innings,  68.  Gentlemen,  first  innings, 
139.    June,  1878. 

V,  11  of  Middlesex,  at  Lords :  won  by  96  runs.  Austra- 
lians, first  innings,  165 ;  second  innings,  240.  Middlesex, 
first  innings,  121 ;  second  innings,  186.    June,  1878. 

V.  22  of  Birmingham,  at  Blrminghun  :  drawn,  owing  to 
rain.  Australians,  first  innings,  105  ;  second  innings,  6 
out  for  116.  Birmingham,  first  innings,  123.  June, 
187& 

V.  18  of  Hunslet,  at  Leeds  :  drawn.  Australians,  first 
innings,  205 ;  second  innings,  180.  Hunslet,  first  in- 
nings, 228  ;  second  innings,  0  out  for  28.    June,  1878. 

V.  11  of  Yorkshire,  at  SheflAeld :  lost  by  9  wickets.  Aus- 
tralians, first  innings,  88;  second  innings,  104. 
Yorkshire,  first  innings,  166;  second  innings,  1  out 
for  26.  July,  1878. 

V.  18  of  Stockport  and  district,  at  Stockport :  won  by 
149  runs.  Australians,  first  innings.  163;  second 
innings,  225.  Stockport,  first  innings,  106;  second 
innings,  134.   July,  187a 

V.  18  ox  Oldham  and  Wemeths,  at  Wemeth  Ground. 
Coppise  :  drawn— Australians  had  3  wickets  to  fall  ana 
wanted  19  run&  Australians,  first  inniiws,  125; 
second  innings,  7  out  for  112.  Oldham  and  Wemeths, 
first  innings,  138  ;  second  innings,  117.  July,  1878. 


7« 


CRICKET. 


V  11  of  the  Orleans  Club,  at  Oval :  drawn.  AnstnUaofl. 
first  innings,  171 ;  second  innings,  ITS.  Orleans,  first 
innings,  182  ;  second  innings,  2  out  for  187.   July,  1878. 

9.  18  of  South  Wales,  at  Swansea :  won  by  81  runs  and 
linninga  Australians,  first  innings,  213.  South  Wales, 
first  innings,  M,  second  inninin,  88.    July,  1878. 

V.  11  of  Leicester,  at  Leicestershire  :  won  by  8  widcets. 
AustnUans,  first  innings,  180:  second  innings,  2  out 
for  210.  Leicester,  first  innings,  198 ;  second  innings, 
145.   July,  1878. 

9.  18  of  litUl,  at  Hull :  won  by  10  wicketa  Austra- 
lians, first  innings,  306  ;  second  innings,  none  out  for 
15.  Hull,  first  innings,  250 ;  second  innings,  68l  July, 
1878. 

1. 11  of  Cambridge  Univenity,  at  Lords ;  lost  by  72 
runs  and  1  inmngs.  Australians,  first  innings.  111; 
second  innings,  102.  Cambridge,  first  innings,  286. 
July,  1878. 

V.  22  of  Crewe,  at  Crewe :  won  by  100  runs.  Austfa- 
lians,  first  innings,  130 ;  second  innings,  102.  Crewe, 
first  inning,  54  ;  seocmd  innings,  78.    July,  1878. 

V.  18  of  Keightley,  at  Keightley  :  won  by  7  wiekets. 
Australians,  first  innings,  200  ;  second  innings,  8  out 
for  32.  Keightley,  fin<t  innings,  104 ;  second  innings, 
183.   July,  1878. 

V.  18  of  Rochdale,  At  Rochdale :  drawn,  owing  to  rain. 
Australians,  first  innings,  150 ;  second  innings,  72. 
Rochdale,  first  innings,  121 ;  second  innings,  6  out  for 
60.    August,  1878. 

V.  22  of  Buxton  (Derbyshire),  at  Buxton :  drawn,  owing 
to  rain.  Australians,  first  innings,  97  ;  second  innings, 
1  out  for  17.  Buxton,  first  inning,  77 ;  second  innings, 
134.    August,  1878. 

V.  18  of  Bamley  (Lancashire),  at  Bamley:  drawn— one 
day's  match.  Austndians,  first  innings,  9  out  for  47. 
Bamley,  first  innings,  102.    August,  187& 

«.  18  of  Stanley  ([Liverpool),  at  Stanley :  won  by  71 
runs  and  1  innings.  Australians,  first  innings,  233. 
Stanley,  first  innings,  71 ;  second  innings,  91.  August, 
1878 

V.  18  of  Stanley,  at  Stanley :  drawn— one  day's  match. 
Australians,  Ibrst  innings,  2  out  for  20.  Stanley,  first 
innings,  193.  Aagiist,  1878. 

V.  18  of  Dudley,  at  Dudley  :  drawn,  owing  to  rain. 
Australians,  first  innings,  59  ;  second  innings,  230. 
Dudley,  first  innings,  33.   August,  1878. 

V.  11  of  Lancashire,  at  Manchester:  drawn,  owing  to 
rain— Australians  had  10  wickets  to  fall  and  wanted  53 
runs  to  win.  Australians,  first  innings,  140  ;  second 
innings,  no  wicket  down  for  47.  Umcashire,  first 
innings,  97  ;  second  innings,  162.    August,  1878. 

V.  18  or  Yeadan  (Yorkshire),  at  Yeaoon  :  lost  by  24 
runs.  Australians,  first  innings,  54 ;  second  innings, 
84.  Yendon,  first  innings,  91 ;  second  innings,  71. 
August,  1878. 

V.  18  of  Scarborough,  at  Scarborough :  won  by  46  runs 
and  1  innings.  Australians,  first  innings,  ^.  Scar- 
borough, first  innings,  124  ;  second  innings,  125. 
August,  1878. 

V.  18  of  Hastings,  at  Hastings :  won  by  27  runs  and 
1  innings.  Australians,  first  innings,  200  ;  Hastings, 
first  innings,  151 ;  second  innings,  82.     August,  1878. 

V.  11  of  Sussex,  at  Brighton :  won  by  7  wickets.  Austra- 
lians, first  inning,  75  ;  second  innings,  8  out  for  52. 
Sussex,  first  innmgs,  47  ;  second  innings,  80.  August, 
1878. 

V.  18  of  Sussex,  at  Brighton :  drawn— one  day's  match. 
Australians,  first  innings,  3  out  for  OL  Sussex,  first 
innings,  128.  August,  1878. 

V.  Players  of  England,  at  Oval :  won  by  8  runs.  Austra- 
lians, first  innings,  78;  second  innings,  89.  Players,  first 
innings,  82  ;  second  innings,  7€l    September,  187& 

r.  11  of  Gloucester,  at  Clifton :  won  by  10  wickets.  Aus- 
tralians, first  innings,  183  ;  second  innings,  none  out 
for  17.  Gloucestershire,  first  innings,  112;  second 
innings,  Sf>.   September.  1878. 

V.  11  of  (Huucester,  at  Clifton  :  drawn— 1  day's  match. 
Australians,  first  innings,  148.  Gloucesteruiire,  first 
innings,  155.    September,  1878. 

V.  11  Gentlemen  of  £ngluid,  Scarborough:  drawn. 
Australians,  first  innings,  157 ;  second  innings,  249 
for  8  wickets.  Gentlemen,  first  innings,  109.  Sep- 
tember, 1878. 

V.  11  Players  of  England,  at  Prince's  Ground,  London : 
drawn.'  Australians,  first  innings,  236.  Players,  first 
innings,  160.  September,  187& 


V.  23  West  Scotland  Club,  at  Giaagow :  won  bj  1  imiiagi 
and  84  runs.  Australiuis,  first  inning,  208.  West 
Scotland,  first  innings,  90 ;  second  innmgs,  85.  Sep- 
tember,  187& 

V.  18  of  Sunderland,  at  Sunderland :  lost  by  71  nma. 
Austndians,  first  innings,  77 ;  second  innings,  68.  Soo- 
derland,  first  innings,  59 ;  second  innings,  147.  8q;>- 
tember,  1878. 

Total  matches  i^yed,  41 :  won,  10 ;  lost,  7 ;  drswn,  15. 

Cakterbusy,  New  Zealand,  Team. 

V.  Ballarat,  December  27,  28.  1878 :  won  by  8  wickets. 
V.  Melbourne,  January  4,  6, 1879 :  lost  by  168  rtma 
V.  South  Melbourne,  Januaiy  16,  17,  1S79 :  lost  by  8 

wickets. 
•     V.  East  Melbourne,  January  19,  19,  1879 :  won  by  10 

wickets. 
V.  Melbourne  Bc^emiana,  January  20,  21,  1879 :  lost  bj 

8  wickets. 
V.  Riclunond,  Victoria,  Januaiy  22,  23,  1879:  won  by  S 

wickets. 
V.  Hobart  Town,  Januaiy  23, 1879 :  won  by  8  widkCts. 

Ekgush  Teams  in  Australia. 

Names  of  EnglUh  Teams  of  Cricketert  who  ham 
fiailed  Australia: — 

When  in  the  Mateb«>  pUH. 


CapUia. 

Colmue*. 

Won. 

Um. 

Drn. 

TdUI 

L  H.  H.  Stephenson 

1861-2 

6 

2 

4 

12 

2.  George  Parr 

1863-4 

10 

0 

6 

16 

8.  W  G.  Grsoe 

1873-4 

10 

3 

S 

b 

4.  James  LUlywhite 

1876-7 

11 

4 

8 

S3 

5.  Lord  Harris 

1878-9 

0 

2 

S 

14 

First  Team,— H.  H.  Stephenson  (CaptainX  George 
Bennett,  William  CafTyn,  George  GriiBth,  William 
Mudie,  E.  Stephenson,  Roger  Iddison,  Tbomss  Heanic, 
Charles  Lawrence,  William  MorUock,  Thomas  Sevell, 
Junr.,  and  Geor^^e  Wells. 

Second  Team. — George  Parr  (Captain),  Geori^  Audcr- 
son,  Julius  Caoaar,  William  Caff>Ti,  Robert  Carpenter. 
Alfred  Clarke,  E.  M.  Grace,  Thomas  Hayward,  Jobii 
Jackson,  Thomas  Lockyer,  George  Tarrant,  and  B.  C. 
^^nley. 

Third  Team.^^.  O.  Grace  (Captain),  F.  H.  Boalt, 
J.  A.  Bush,  W.  R.  Gilbert,  G.  F.  Grace,  Andrew  Green 
wood,  Richard  Humphrey,  Henry  Jupp,  James  Ully- 
white,  Martin  M'lntyre,  W.  Oscroft,  James  Southertoa. 

Fourth  Team.—JtanM  Lillywhite  (Captain),  T.  Anni- 
tage,  Henry  Cluurlwood,  Thomas  Emniett,  Andrew 
Greenwood.  Allan  Hill,  Henry  Jupp,  Edvvd  Fooley, 
J.  Selby,  Alfred  Shaw,  James  Soutbcrton,  and  G«orse 
Ulyett 

Fifth  Team.— Lord  Harris  (Captain).  G.  0.  nyctt. 
A  P.  Lucas,  A.  J.  Webbe,  A.  N.  Hornby,  F.  A  Mac 
kinnon,  V.  Royle,  T.  Emmett^  C.  A  Absolom,  E  C. 
Maule,  L.  Home,  S.  S.  Schulta. 

Matches  played  by  Lord  Harris's  Teau 

V,  18  S.  Australia :  English  won  by  8  wickets,  December 
12,  13,  and  14. 1878.  ^ 

V.  15  of  Victoria :   English  team  won,  December  26, 27, 

28. 1878. 

V.  Australian  11 :  Latter  won  by  10  wickets,  at  Mel- 
bourne, January  2,  3,  4, 1879. 

V.  18  of  Tasmania :  English  won  by  6  wickets,  at  Honrt 
Town,  Januaiy  0, 10, 1879.  . 

V.  18  North  Tasmania,  at  Launceston :  Engliab  woa  by 
163  runs,  January  13,  1879.  .  ^_^ 

V.  11  of  New  South  Wales :  N.  S.  W.  won  by  5  wwkcts, 
January  24,  25,  27,  1879.  .    - 

V.  22  Officers  of  Army  and  Navy :  English  won  by  o 
wickets,  January  28, 1879. 

9.18ofBathurst:  Bathurst   Drawn,  Jannary  31,187^. 

V.  New  South  Wales  (return  matcli) :  English  woaeaouj. 
Februaiy  7,  8, 10, 1879. 

V.  Bohemian  16,  at  Melbourne:  Drawn,  Febroary  u, 

18. 1879.  p . 
V.  11  of  Victoria :  English  won  by  two  wickets.  Fcfi- 

ruary  21,  22,  24,  25,  1879. 
V.  22  of  Sandhurst :  Drawn,  Febmaiy  26,  27, 1879. 
V,  21  of  Ballarat:  English  won  in  one  innings  aati » 

nins,  March  1,  8, 1879. 


CRICKET  INCIDENTS— CRIMES  AND  CRIMINAXS. 


79 


I.  Vletoik  (ratani  match) :  EngUah  won  by  6  wickote. 
English  team,  fint  inmiin,  248 ;  second  innings,  61 ; 
tutiJ,  299.  Victoria,  first  innincs,  146 ;  second  innings, 
128 ;  total,  298.  CThi*  wu  the  uist  match  played  by  the 
team  previoos  to  their  retom  to  Enc^land.  In  this 
natch  MaUagh,  the  aboriginal  cricketer,  distinguished 
faiasd/  on  the  aide  of  Victoria  by  making  the  nighest 
seoie  (S6  runs)  in  the  second  innings.] 

MiTCBES,  InTBIUX>LONIAL. 

New  South  WaUt  v.  Vieioria. 


Where 


Winning 

Side. 


Won  by 


Date. 


MnariM 
^y^aej  ..; 
Hclbouroe 

Xelbciime 
>jdney  .. 
Melbourne 
"^TuJiey  .. 
Melb<Kin}e 
*;Ja«y  ., 
Mdbriame 
Mdaej-  ..' 
Melboonie 
hriincy  .. 
Meibi'itxnie 
.^j'Jiicy  .. 

Vdney  .. 

M'ifley  .. 


N.  S.  Wales 
N.  8.  Wales 

Victoria  . . 
Victoria  .. 
Victoria  . . 
Victoria  .. 
Victoria 
N.  S.  Wales 
Victoria  . . 
N.  S.  Wales 
Victoria  .. 
Victoria  . . 
Victoria  . . 
Victoria  . . 
Victoria  . . 
Victoria  . . 
y.  8.  Wales 
N.  8.  Wales 
N.  8.  Wales 
N.  8.  Wales 
y.  8.  Wales 
X.  8.  Wales 


3  wicketa  and  1  run' 

65runs 

171  runs 

2  wickets  and  1  run 

00  runs 
21  runs 

10  wickets  and  4  runs 
84  runs 

1  innings  and  20  runs 
1  innings  and  13  runs 
7  wickets  and  2  runs 
78  runs 

266  runs 

48  runs 

1  innings  and  26  nuis 

24  runs 

6  wickets  and  1 

77  runs 

1  innings  and  1 

105  runs 

1  innings  and  6  runs 

1  wicket 


run 


run 


March,  1856 
Jan.,  1867 
Jan.,  1868 
Jan.,  1869 
Feb.,  1860 
Jan.,  1861 
Jan.,  1862 
Feb.,  1868 
Dec,  1865 
Doc,  1866 
Dec,  1867 
March,  1869 
Feb.,  1870 
March,  1871 
March,  1872 
March,  1873 
Dec,  1874 
March,  1875 
Dec,  1875 
Feb.,  1876 
Dec,  1877 
Feb.,  1878 


New  South  Wales  v.  Queenriand. 

lit  1S64  an  eleven  of  New  South  Wales  played  a 
tTODty-two  of  Queensland,  at  Brisbane,  and  won  by 
MTeral  wickets.  The  weather  was  very  tm&vourable. 
A  limilar  match  took  place  in  Sydney  the  following 
}ar,  with  a  similar  result.  The  (^eensland  team  was 
oU  so  strong,  and  Gaffyn  and  Lawrence  (then  in  their 
prime)  played  for  N.  S.  W.  In  December,  1876,  a  Kew 
ziouth  \¥iiJe8  eleven  went  to  Brisbane  and  played 
effateeD  of  Queensland,  and  were  somewhat  easilv 
bttten  in  one  innings.  The  team  representing  N  S.  W. 
vere  actually  the  meond  eleven,  as  th»ftr$t  eleven  were 
f>bying  at  Melboume  and  won  their  match  in  one 
uuungs. 

rJnvKRsnr  Matches. 

Sydney  Univenity  v.  Melboume :  played  in  Melboume : 

Melbourne  won  by  2  wickets. 
S}'dnej  Univeridty  v.  Melboume  University :  plaved  in 

Sydney,  December,  1870 :  Sydney  won  by  9  wickete. 

Dec.,  1871. 
Sydney  rnivereity  v.  Melboume:  played  in  Sydney: 

Sydney  won  by  3  wickets.    December,  1878. 
Combined Univereities  V.  New  South  Wales:  N.  8.  W. 

won  by  27  rons,  1879. 

<  iUCKET  INCIDENTS  and  CURIOSITIES, 

i  Lf/ng  Seme.  —The  largest  number  of  runs  ever  put 
tof!triher  in  a  one-day  match  in  Sydney  was  obtainea  in 
i  ountest  between  elevens  from  the  Commercial  and 
Australian  Joint  Stock  Banks,  on  the  Association 
Ground.  The  Commercial  Bank  players  went  to  the 
vicketa  first,  and  remained  in  nearly  all  day,  scoring, 
with  16  sunories,  exactly  500  rans.  C^ie  contribute 
139,  Moees  130,  Cooper  92,  and  Docker  77.  The  Joint 
Stock  Bank  team  scored  only  65  runs,  of  which  Blaxland 
msde  3S.  Mr.  Blaxland  went  in  first,  and  his  was  the 
isst  wicket  down. 

AfinQier  Long  Seore.— The  above  was  edipeed  in  April, 
<>n  the  same  ground,  in  a  one-dav's  match  between 
Kin^s  School,  Parramatta,  and  Oaklands  ;  the  former 
"conng  532  in  their  only  innings.  W.  8.  Brown  114, 
J  Hillas  120.  E.  PeU  105,  and  C.  Wade  95,  were  the 
«hicC    ntribolton. 


Seven  Wiekett  in  Two  Overe.—In  the  match  vjjmd 
between  the  Australian  Eleven  and  eighteen  of  Elland 
and  district,  an  Eng^h  p^>er  says :— '^After  thirty-five 
minutes'  play  8  wickets  had  fallen  for  10.  Soon  after 
this  Mr.  Boyle  did  the  '  hat  trick,'  taking  3  wickets  in  8 
balls.  In  his  next  over  he  did  even  a  greater  perform- 
ance, taking  4  wickets  in  4  balls.  Thus  in  8  balls  he 
obtained  7  wiekett."  This  feat  (as  it  deserved  to  be) 
was  **  received  with  great  cheermg."  No  wonder  Uie 
Elland  eighteen  all  retired  for  29  runs. 

Big  HiU.—A  player  in  Hyde  Paric  once  hit  a  ball  over 
the  houses  in  Elizabeth-street  into  Castlereagh-street. 
Mr.  O.  H.  Gordon  hit  a  ball  in  the  Domain  to  the  foun- 
tain opposite  the  garden  gates ;  8  runs  were  scored  for 
it  Messrs.  T.  Docker,  O.  Morgan,  and  0.  H.  Gordon 
have  each  sent  the  ball  outside  the  Albert  Ground.  Jb, 
Dodcer's  was  a  front  hit  from  the  northon  wicket,  the 
o4hen  were  leg  hits.  Mr.  T.  Docker  made  6  fouren  off 
an  over  of  6  badls  bowled  by  O.  Abbott  on  the  Albert 
Ground,  but  the  wickets  were  nearer  the  fence  thMi 
usual.  Nat  Thompson  hit  a  ball  in  the  Domain  which 
struck  the  Infirmary  wall  and  bounced  back  across  the 
road. 

Mr.  G.  H.  Gordon  threw  a  ball  122  yards  on  the 
Albert  Ground,  which  is  the  best  known  in  New  Soutii 
Wales.  The  nearest  approach  was  by  F.  Spofforth, 
who  hau  thrown  a  ball  120  yards. 

A  century  in  a  single  innings  has  only  been  reached 
twice  in  the  Intercolonial  matches.  R.  W.  Wardill 
scored  110  first  innings  at  Melboume  in  1867,  and 
Lieutenant  Gordon  121  second  innings  at  Melboume  in 
1870.  In  the  memorable  match  between  Eleven  Aus- 
tralians and  Lillyn'hite's  Eleven,  C.  Bannerman  scored 
166  not  out,  retiring  hurt. 

The  largest  score  ever  recorded  took  place  in  a  match 

flayed  on  Moore  Park  in  the  season  1874-6  between  the 
Ulster  and  Macquarie  Clubs.  The  former  club  went  in 
first,  and  retained  possession  of  the  creases  for  four  con- 
secutive Saturdays,  scoring  (including  100  sundries) 
1,238  for  9  wickets.  The  Maioquarie  thought  it  was  time 
to  abandon  the  game.  Many  doubt  thu  match  ever 
having  been  played,  but  on  reliable  authority  we  are 
assured  of  its  being  a  fact. 
In  a  match  for  the  Warehousemen's  Challenge  Cup, 
between  Myers  and  Solomon  and  Prince,  C^  and  Co., 

J>layed  at  Redfem  in  January,  1877,  Mr.  Henry  Cooke, 
or  the  former  named  side,  bowled  7  wickets  for  10  runs, 
threw  one  out,  and  caught  the  other  two,  thereby  put- 
ting out  all  the  opposing  side  himself. 
In  the  Intercoloniu  match  played  at  Melbourne,  Decem- 
ber. 1877,  Evans  and  Coates  each  bowled  104  balls,  12 
nuudens,  for  86  runs.  The  former  obtained  3,  the  latter 
6  wickets. 

Frisquette  or  Ladies'  Cricket,  an  Australian  winter 
game,  invented  by  Mr.  F.  J.  Ironside,  of  Sydney,  and 
first  played  there  July,  1878. 

CRICKETERS,  Aboriginal,  left  for  England, 
Febroary  8,  1868. 

[See  Aboriginal  Cbickxters.] 

CRIMEAN  WAR.  Meetii^  held  in  Sydney 
for  coK>peratmg  with  Great  Britain  in  providing 
for  the  relief  of  the  widows  and  orphans  m 
those  who  fell  in  the  war.  February,  1855. 
[As  the  result  of  this  meeting  the  Patriotic 
Fund  was  established ;  in  a  few  days  the  sum 
of  £8,000  was  subscribed,  of  which  £1,000 
was  given  by  Sir  Daniel  Cooper,  who  also 
promised  £500  annually  during  the  continuance 
of  the  war.] 

CRIMES  AND  CRIMINALS,  Remarkable. 

Murder  of  John  M'lntyre,  br  an  aboriginal,  1789. 
Marion  Du  Fk«sne  was  murdered  in  New  yiealand,  June 

14, 1799. 
Murder  in  SydnOT  of  Samuel  Clode,  a  missionair  of 

Tahit,  by  a  soldier,  his  wife,  and  a  free  man,  July, 

1799. 


80 


CRIMES  AND  CRIMINALS. 


Asreat  fmad  Yna  practised  by  derlu  (prisonen)  who 
had  access  to  the  records  of  the  names  and  periods  of 
transportatioii  of  prisoners.  The  sentences  of  200 
prisoners  were  found  to  be  altered  to  make  them 
appear  less ;  from  £10  to  £12  was  given  by  each  pri- 
soner for  the  alteration,  1801. 

Joseph  Laker,  a  constiCble,  was  inhumanely  muxdered 
whilst  on  duty,  August  26, 1803. 

Bev.  Dr.  Halloran,  tutor  to  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  was 
transported  for  forging  a  frank  to  a  letter  (postage 
lOdX  September  9, 1818. 

Murder  perpetrated  by  a  man  named  Barry,  at  Birch 
Orove,  on  the  defenceless  persons  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Bradley,  an  aged  couple,  August  15, 1822. 

At  the  Criminal  Sesmons  84  prisoners  were  sentenced 
to  death,  principally  for  bushranging,  October,  1822. 

An  atrocious  murder  committed  withhi  three  miles  of 
Kissing  Point,  on  a  poor  woman  named  Martin,  whilst 
her  husband  was  at  church,  the  murderer  never 
having  been  discovered,  June,  1823. 

£5,000  stolen  from  the  Government  Treasuxy,  Hobart 
Town,  1824. 

Captain  Piper,  "  the  Naval  Officer"  (as  the  Collector  of 
Customs  was  then  called),  was  found  to  be  a  deftkulter 
to  the  amount  of  £18,575, 1827. 

Singular  robbery  of  the  Bank  of  Australia,  George-street, 
Sydney,  by  excavating  from  a  house  across  the  street 
£750  m  British  silver,  2,080  dollars,  and  a  huge 
number  of  notes  (£14,500),  and  bills  stolen,  September 
15, 1828. 

Captain  Logan,  whilst  surveying,  murdered  by  the 
Moreton  Bay  blacks  November,  1830. 

Sarah  M^Oregor  and  Mary  Mahnep  tried  and  convicted 
of  ttie  munler  of  their  master.  Captain  Waldron,  at 
niawarra  (to  whom  they  were  assigned).  February  22, 
1834.  [They  were  respited  until  the  pleasure  of  His 
Majesty  was  known,  when  their  sentences  were  com- 
muted to  three  yeaiv*  imprisonment] 

The  body  of  Jamet  Hamilton,  murdered  by  strangula- 
tion uid  his  bowels  ripped  open,  found  by  two  lads 
named  Lovett  and  Anderson,  on  tneir  way  home  from 
the  races,  near  Mount  Renny.  KUmartin  was  exe- 
cuted for  this  crime.  May  11, 1834. 

J>r.  Wardell  was  murdered  in  his  own  grounds  at  Peter- 
sham, by  John  Jenkins  and  Thomas  Tattersdale.  A 
man  named  Emanuel  Brace  turned  informer.  Sep- 
tember 7, 1834. 

WitHam  Fineas  Bowles,  convicted  of  the  murder  of  his 
wife  in  open  day,  in  Bathurst-street,  Sydney,  with  a 
knife,  February  18,  1835 ;  executed  February  10, 1835. 

John  Dow,  alias  Lutterell,  alias  Lord  Vucount 
LtueelUs,  tried  and  convicted  of  forgery,  and  trans- 
ported for  life,  May  6, 1835.  [In  this  assumed  title  he 
travelled  over  the  Colony  for  several  months  on  Her 
Majesty's  commission,  to  moke  enquiry  into  the  state 
of  the  prison  population.] 

Samuel  Oniont,  extensive  ironmonger  in  Sydney,  con- 
victed of  perjury :  sentenced  to  seven  years'  trans- 
portation, August  10, 1837. 

Eight  men  were  tried,  charged  with  the  murder  of  abo- 
riginals at  a  station  caUed  Myall  Creek,  belonging 
to  Henry  Dangar,  Esq.  The  number  killed  was 
28  men,  women  and  children,  under  circumstances 
of  most  cruel  heartlessness.  The  victims  were  shot 
and  burnt  indiscriminately,  no  regard  being  paid  to 
age  or  sex.  The  accused  were  assigned  servants  as 
stoclonen  and  labourers  to  various  settlers.  The 
occasion  of  this  uncalled-for  slaughter  of  these  abori- 
gines was  for  spearing  cattle,  but  there  were  grounds 
-  for  supposing  that  those  murdered  were  not  given  to 
violence  and  plunder,  being  under  the  protection  of 
Mr.  Dangar  and  his  servants.  At  the  first  trial  the 
men  were  not  convicted.  On  the  second  oocasiony 
November  27,  1838,  Mr.  Chief  Justice  Dowling  pre- 
sided, Mr.  Plunkett  (Attorney-General)  and  Mr.  Roger 
Therry  appeared  for  the  prosecution.  Mr.  A'Beckctt, 
Mr.  Foster  and  Mr.  Windeyer  appeared  for  the  defence. 
Seven  of  the  prisoners  were  convicted  and  were  exe- 
cuted December,  18, 1838. 

Harrington,  the  notorious  swindler,  taken  from  the 
"  Roslyn  Castle  "  in  Svdney  Harbotir  as  she  was  pro- 
ceeding to  sea,  bound  for  England,  January  26,  1839. 

A  surgeon  in  Sydney  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  £50  for 
illegal  dissection,  September  16, 1839. 


John  Thonuu  Wilton  purebosed  the  brig  "Te&vs.*  sd4 

Eut  on  board  her  a  foil  cargo  of  merchandise  which  he 
ad  purchased  from  a  number  of  merchants  ainl 
tradesmen,  and  left  the  colony  in  her,  his  debts  being 
£30,000,  October  18,  1839.  [He  left  the  bulk  of  his 
property  behind,  which  he  had  previoudy  tsnsiied 
over  to  Mr.  A.  Poloek ;  the  deed  being  found  (uilt j, 
Poloek  agreed  to  pay  the  creditors  75  per  cent  of  thdr 
respective  daims.] 
Defalcations  of  Murray,  Registrar  of  the  Siqnvme  Court, 
discovered,  1842. 

Street  robberies  prevalent  in  Sydnej.  Mr.  Koble 
murdered  in  his  own  house  by  three  ruffians,  who  were 
afterwards  arrested  for  the  crime,  1843L 

Mr».  Jamieton,  a  widow,  borbajrously  assaulted  with  a 
tomahawk  by  one  John  Fits,  otherwise  KnatchbaH, 
January  6, 1844.  [She  died  in  a  few  days  aftermnLs. 
Knatchbull  was  subsequently  tried  for  themorder,  ud 
defended  by  Mr.  Robert  Lowe,  when  the  defence  set  up 
^or  the  first  time  in  the  colony)  was  teif-delutwn. 
He  was,  however,  found  guilty,  and  executed  13th 
January  following.] 

ifrs.  Hoadley,  murdered  in  her  house  in  King*5troet, 
Sydney,  May  19, 1845. 

John  Tawell,h€im  in  1784,  In  Aledby,  county  of  Norfolk, 
in  1798,  entered  the  service  of  a  widow  who  kept  % 
general  store,  and  who  belonged  to  the  Society  of 
Friends,  of  which  fiodety  he  afterwards  became  %  mem- 
ber. In  1804  he  went  to  London,  and  entered  the 
service  of  Mr.  Janson,  a  large  linendrapcr.  He  mirried 
a  housemaid  in  the  employ  of  his  master,  and  then  Itft 
He  was  engaged  by  a  Mr.  Marsden,  wholesale  dru:;p.*t 
and  chenuit,  to  travel  for  the  cstablishmeDt,  and 
evinced  so  much  activity  and  business  tact,  that  for 
seven  years  he  was  trusted  and  highly  prized  by  hU 
employer.  At  length  it  was  found  that  he  had  com- 
mitted extensive  forgeries  on  the  Uxbridge  Bank  (or 
which,  if  ho  hod  been  tried,  he  would  have  lust  h» 
life ;  nevertbeleds,  the  bonk  officials,  being  mcmberi  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  were  disinclined  to  be  iotstru- 
mental  in  taking  life,  so  proceeded  against  him  on  the 
charffe  of  having  a  forged  note  in  his  possessdon,  for 
which  he  was  transported  to  Sydney  in  1814.  Here  he 
was  employed  as  an  assistant  in  the  Convict  Hospital 
For  his  assiduity,  intelligence,  and  carefulness  he  eotm 
obtained  a  ticket-of-1eave  from  Governor  Macqiurie, 
who  very  shorUv  afterwards  gave  him  hii  emoDctpatioo 
ticket  Tawell  then  commenced  as  a  chemist  in 
Hunter-street,  Sydney,  and  also  traded  in  rarioos 
kinds  of  produce.  He  rapidly  grew  rich,  embarked  in 
the  shipping  trade  and  in  oil  speculations,  and  vu 
successful  in  all  his  ventures.  He  built  a  chapel  for 
the  Society  of  Friends  in  Macquarie-street.  Sydney. 
and  emptied  600  gallons  of  rum  m  Sydnev  Harbour  in 
order  to  encourage  temperance.  His  wife,  heartoj;  of 
his  altered  condition,  came  out  in  1824.  After  an  ab- 
sence of  16  years  he  returned  with  a  huge  fortune  to 
England,  18S1 ;  made  one  or  two  trips  to  Australia  on 
burinees  speculations,  which  brought  him  in  a  brx 
sum.  His  wife,  dtiring  her  last  illness,  was  attended 
by  a  nurse  ruuned  Sarah  Hart,  with  whom  Tkwell 
formed  an  illicit  intercourse,  and  kq>t  her  in  seclusion 
at  various  places.  He  married  again,  in  1841,  a  widow 
named  Mrs.  Cutforth.  Fearing  that  his  connexion 
with  Sarah  Hart  would  be  found  out,  he  planned  and 
perpetrated  her  murder,  for  which  he  was  placed  on 
his  trial  March  12, 1845.  In  his  confessions  he  stated 
that  he  had  previously  attempted  to  kill  her  with  mor- 
phia put  in  some  porter,  and  that  on  this  last  and  fatal 
occasion  he  had  used  prussic  odd.  He  was  executed 
March  21, 1845.  Throughout  his  whole  life  he  alvay^ 
appeared  to  be  religious  and  charitable  :  to  one  school 
he  gave  £30  per  annum.  He  took  apparently  p^ 
interest  in  aU  matters  belonging  to  the  reli^noos 
society  of  which  he  was  so  unwort^  a  member. 

The  Nelson  Gold  Robbery,  in  Hobson's  Bay,  Melbourne, 
April  2,  1862.  [The  ship  which  hod  airived  the  pre- 
vious day  in  Hobson's  Bay  from  Geelonsr  with  treasure. 
was  boarded  by  a  daring  gang  of  robbers  and  plun- 
dered of  TOld  to  the  value  of  £24.000.  (There  were  o«iy 
three  sulors  and  three  passengers  on  board.)  Tii« 
gold  was  1x>ught  by  a  Melbourne  storekeeper  (who  met 
the  robber*  on  the  beach)  at  thirty  shilliiigs  an  ounce. 
He  then  sailed  for  England  and  was  never  pr(K«cuted. 
Four  men—John  Jones,  James  Moigon,  James  Duncan, 


CRIMES  AND  CRIMINALS,  REMARKABLK 


81 


and  John  Boberts  were  fatdioted  for  the  offence  snd 
fotud  ruiltv.  One  vna  aftenrarda  releaaed,  his  urreat 
being  foond  to  be  a  case  of  mistaken  identity.  April 
2,1851 

Bobbeiy  of  the  M'lvor  (now  Heathcote,  Victoria)  Gold 
Eaoort,  July  20, 185S. 

Dr.  Altxanier  CuthiU,  an  old-established  and  much- 
etteemed  medical  pnctitiooer  of  Sydney,  shot  by  an 
insuM  penon  named  James  Graj',  while  retuming  in 
his  pg  to  town  from  Cook's  River,  April  27,  1864. 
(Dr.  Cuthill  left  a  legacy  of  over  £10,000  to  the  Destitute 
Children's  A^lum,  Sydney,  the  bulk  of  which  has 
anee  been  expended  in  erection  of  the  Asylum  at 
Saodirick.  He  died  from  the  effects  of  the  wound 
May  L  Gray  was  tried,  condemned  to  death,  and 
his  mtenoe  afterwards  oonmmted  to  16  years'  im- 
(Miaonment] 

Harder  of  Jatnes  Seobie,  near  Eureka  Hotel,  Ballarat, 
Tictofia,  October  7, 1864.  [The  hotel-keeper,  Bentley, 
nupected,  arrested,  and  acquitted;  indignaUou 
unoD^'Bt  the  diggen  in  consequence.] 

Fnneit  Brannagan  arrived  in  Tasmania  in  1842,  under 
a  sentence  of  14  yean,  Went  over  to  Melbourne 
in  1854,  and  in  November,  1864,  was  conmiitted  for 
highway  robbery  by  the  liaiyborough  bench,  and 
vhilst  en  route  for  Gastlemaine  for  trial,  broke  oat  of 
the  TSrrangower  lockup,  together  with  another 
pritaoer,  Brannagan  escaping,  December  7,  1864 
(£100  reward  was  offered  for  nis  capture,  which  was 
aooomplished  by  the  police  near  Ballarat;  he  was 
sentenced  to  16  yean,  the  first  three  in  irons.] 

Captain  MeivilU  was  undeivoinff  a  sentence  of  82 
yean*  hard  labour  when  he  neaJed  the  first  outbreak 
of  the  priaonera  at  Williamstown,  which  resulted  in 
the  dea^  of  Owen  Owens,  a  boatman,  whom  he 
kUled  with  a  hanmier.  Sentenced  to  death  at  Mel- 
bourne, November  21,  1866>  but  was  commuted. 
Stnnded  himself  in  the  gaol,  August  12, 1862. 

Biekard  RmeUu  assaulted  Kilmartin,  an  overseer  at 
Peotridge,  whUe  under  cumulative  sentences  amount- 
ing to  32  years,  July  20, 1860. 

Engovra  Escort  robbed.  June  15, 1862. 

(korge  mUiams  triea  at  special  sessions,  Darling- 
bunt,  for  robbery  under  arms  on  October  14,  1862,  of 
John  Qeorse  Pile ;  pleaded  guilty,  and  sentenced  to  12 
jeuB*  hard  labour,  the  first  year  in  irons,  Febroaiy  9, 

Ctorge  WUliamt  and  Frank  BriUen.  for  robbeir  under 
anus  November  6,  1862,  of  the  Bathunt  mail,  in  com- 
panv  with  another  man,  when  Arundel  Everett  was 
robbed  of  £6,  and  Owen  MaloAe  of  £900,  the  property 
(4  the  Bank  of  New  South  Wales,  found  guilty  at 
the  tpedal  commission,  Darlinghurst,  and  each  sen- 
tcnoed  to  16  yean'  hard  labour,  the  first  year  in  irons, 
Febmaiy  0, 1863. 

Charles^  aiiaa  JanuM  Maekay,  for  the  robbery  under 
arms  of  two  earrien  at  Mount  Victoria ;  sentenced  at 
the  special  sessions,  Darlinghunt,  to  hard  labour  for 
15  }'ears,  first  year  in  irons,  February  9, 1868. 

John  Healey^  for  robberv  under  arms  near  Goulbum, 
seotenced  at  the  special  commission  at  Darlinghurst, 
to  15  years' hard  kbour  on  the  roads,  the  first  year  in 
irons,  February  0, 1868. 

Charles  Fclty  and  John  Brovmlouf,  tried  at  the  special 
oocmnission  at  Darlinghurst,  for  having,  on  December 
18, 1862,  robbed  at  the  Laggpui,  O'Brien,  a  publican,  of 
£75 ;  found  guilty  and  sentenced,  Foley  to  12  vean' 
haid  labour  on  the  roads,  the  first  year  in  frons ; 
Brownlow  to  7  years'  hard  hibour,  February  9, 1868. 

An  tttempt  was  made  about  10  o'clock  on  Tuesday 
ni^ht,  February  24, 1868,  to  rob  the  Western  escort. 
The  coach  was  attacked  between  Big  and  Little  Hartley, 
by  a  party  of  some  five  or  six  armed  men,  who 
fired  upon  it,  some  logs  having  been  thrown  by 
them  previously  across  the  road  so  as  to  block  it. 
One  shot  slightly  wounded  Sergeant  M*Lure,  and  one 
of  the  hones  was  shot  dead ;  ttie  gold,  however,  was 
not  interfered  with,  and  after  an  interval  of  half -^n- 
hoor,  the  escort  proceeded  on  its  way. 

WiUm^  a  noted  Melbourne  street-walker  in  female 
attire,  sentenced  to  death.  December  1,  1868.  [Sen- 
toice  commuted  to  hard  labour  for  life  on  the  roads  of 
the  colony.] 

John  Wood9f  alias  Young,  was  tmnsported  for  16 
yean  for  a  serious  offence  from  England ;  also  sen- 
tenced afterwards  to  seven  years  on  mt  roads  at  Nor- 

/ 


folk  Island,  and  arrested  by  J.  Dowllng,  Esq.,  while 
attempting  to  rob  the  English,  Scottish,  and  Austra- 
lian Chartered  Bank,  Fitsroy,  June  12, 1864. 

William  Carver,  aliae  Footer,  aiiae  Thomley,  con- 
victed at  home,  and  sentenced  to  seven  vean'  traus- 
portotion  to  Van  Diemen's  Land.  Eight  yean  for 
norse-stealing  atCastlenudne,  Victoria ;  and  two  yean 
for  bestiality  at  Ballant.  Arrested  for  shooting  at 
Percy  de  Jersey  Grut,  Esq.,  with  intent  to  murder  him 
and  rob  the  English,  Scottish,  and  Australian  Chartered 
Bank,  Fitzroy,  Melbourne.  This  man  was  arrested 
June  16,  1864,  by  Detecti^'es  Williams  and  BerUner, 
who  also  afterwards  captured  his  companions,  Jere- 
miah PhOlips  and  James  Anderson. 

Henry  L.  Sertrand  and  Jane  Bertrand,  his  wife, 
charsed  at  the  Water  Police  Court  with  the  wilful 
murder  of  Henry  Kinder,  principal  teller  at  the  City 
Bank,  Sydney,  N.  S.  W..  on  the  2nd  December  pre- 
viously, at  Kinder's  readence,  St  Leonards,  North 
Shore ;  and  Maria  Helen  Kinder,  charged  as  an 
accessory  to  the  murder,  November  20,  1866.  All 
three  prisonen  committed  for  trial,  December  0, 1866. 
Henry  Louis  Bertrand  found  guilty  of  the  murder  of 
Henry  Kinder  (Jane  Bertrand  and  Maria  Helen  Kinder 
having  been  liberated  by  order  of  the  Attorney- 
General,  being  acquitted) ,  sentenced  to  death  March 
21, 1866.  Appeal  of  Louis  Henry  Bertrand  to  Privy 
Council  sustained,  and  prisoner  reprieved  from  death, 
but  ordered  to  be  Imprisoned  for  life  on  the  ground  of 
insanity,  September 9, 1868.  [See  Bkrtrand  Case,  Tub.] 

Despente  oonfiict  between  four  police  and  eleven  pri- 
sonen at  Bargo  Brush,  N.S.  W. ;  Constable  Raymond 
shot  dead  by  a  prisoner  named  James  Crookwell,  April 
16, 1866. 

Series  of  murden  committed  by  Thomas  Kelly  aliae  Noon, 
Richard  Burgess  aliae  Hill,  and  Phillip  Levy,  who  with 
John  Joseph  Sullivan,  were  known  as  the  New  Zealand 
murderere.  The  latter  turned  Queen's  evidence,  he  pro- 
ved how  they  planned  the  murder  of  Mathleu,  Kemp- 
thorn,  Dudley  (storekeeper),  and  De  Pontius  (a  minerX 
who,  on  June  12, 1866,  lefC  Deep  Creek  for  Nelson,  and 
were  murdered  the  following  day  whilst  crossing  the 
Maungatapu  Mountain.  Three  of  the  party  were  shot 
by  the  murderere,  and  the  fourth  was  strangled  with 
Sullivan's  scarf.  They  also  murdered  poor  "Old 
Jamie"  In  a  manner  even  more  horrible  than  that  of 
the  above  four  men,  and  took  from  him  £3.  Besides 
Mr.  G.  Dobeon,  surveyor,  whom  they  strangled,  and 
left  at  the  foot  of  a  tree  in  a  sitting  position  (as  if  he 
had  died  from  exhaustion),  but  whom  they  afterwards 
buried,  these  fiends  are  supoosed  to  have  conunitted 
more  than  thirty  murden  in  Mew  Zealand  alone.  They 
carried  with  them  a  bottle  containing  strychnine, 
having  resolved  that  if  any  party  they  encountered  were 
too  rtrong  for  them,  they  would  make  friends,  and 
whilst  drinking  with  them  administer  the  poison,  and 
tiien  rob  them.  Burgess  stated  that  he  h^gaa  his  cri- 
minal career  at  the  aee  of  eight.  He  had  been  a  lawyer's 
clerk,  and  was  the  chief  of  the  band.    June  13, 1866. 

Murder  of  four  oonstebles  at  Jinden  Mountains, 
January  9, 1867. 

Andrew  Anderson  and  Thomas  Campbell  tried  before 
Mr.  Justice  Cheeke,  and  found  guilty  for  conspiring  to 
blow  up  a  portion  of  the  outer  wul  at  Darlinghunt, 
Febnu»y  18, 1867. 

William  Henry  Scott,  tried  at  the  Central  Criminal 
Court,  before  Mr.  Justice  Cheeke,  for  the  murder  of  his 
wife  Annie,  and  sentenced  to  death,  February  22. 1867. 
[Soott  after  murdering  his  wife  cut  up  the  boay  and 
placed  it  in  a  box,  and  with  the>ssistance  of  a  boy 
carried  it  from  his  house  in  Sussex-street  'The  body 
was  subsequently  found  by  a  lad  named  James  Kirk- 
Patrick,  at  the  back  of  Barker's  mills.] 

Fifteen  prisonen  smtenced  at  Bathunt  Assises,  1867, 
(HI  their  way  to  Sydney,  made  a  desperate  attempt  to 
escape,  two  got  away— <one,  Rutherford  afterwards 
captured),  Consteble  Holmes  being  shot  dead,  April  28. 
1867. 

T.  J.  Griflln,  Police  Magistrate  at  Clermont,  Queens- 
land, tried  a(  the  PoUce  Court,  Rockhampton,  and 
committed  for  trial,  November  21, 1867. 

Henry  Garrett  cUiae  Rouse,  robbed  the  Bank  of 
Victoria  at  Ballant  in  1865  and  was  sentenced  to  ten 
yean  imprisonment ;  in  1861  was  granted  a  ticket-of- 
leave;  he  then  went  to  New  Zeialand,  commenced 
bushtanging  and  stuck  up  28  persons  in  one  day  on  the 


82 


CRIMES  AND  CBIMINALS,  BKMARKABLE. 


Maungatien  Banges,  was  captured  and  sentenoad  to 
eight  years  imprlaonraent ;  after  serving  Ax  yean  was 
again  liberated  and  sent  over  to  Melbourne,  wh«re  he 
wa»  brought  before  the  magistratea  under  the  Influx  of 
Criminals  Act ;  he  complained  bitterly  of  noi  being 
alloired  to  settle  aaywhere  and  threatened  to  commit  a 
murder,  in  order  that  his  life  might  be  ended  for  him. 

Tlic  remains  of  two  German  hawkers,  named  PoUman, 
were  found  in  the  ashes  of  a  fire  on  the  Yanko  Oeek, 
about  8  miles  from  Narrandenm.    April  1, 1808. 

A  tieket-of-leave  roan  named  William  Hunday  or 
Collins  committed  five  brutal  murders  at  Conroy's  Qap, 
sixteen  railci)  from  Yass.  He  got  up  in  the  night  and 
killed  with  an  axe  a  shepherd,  who  was  sleeping  aloi^- 
sidc  of  him.  Smith,  a  man  who  was  sleeping  in  a  room 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  hut,  hearing  the  noise,  got 
up,  but  Mnnday  quickly  killed  him  with  a  shears. 
Conroy  and  Mrs.  Cooroy  also  hearing  the  stnij{gle 
.  ran  into  the  murderer's  room,  when  he  killed  them 
both  with  the  shcepsheara.  Next  morning  a  sheirtierd 
named  White,  who  slept  in  a  detached  hut,  came  over 
to  Conroy's  house ;  he  was  met  by  Munday,  who  first 
dimUod  nim  wlUi  the  shears  and  then  struck  him  down 
with  the  axa  [Hunday  said  he  intended  murdering 
Conroy's  son,  but  fortunately  he  was  absent  on  that 
fatal  night  The  reason  assigned  by  Munday  for  the 
murders,  was  that  he  was  badly  treated  whilst  in  Con- 
roy's employ  and  that  he  could  only  obtain  £1  for  six 
months  service  as  a  shepbenl.  He  was  tried  at  Ooul- 
hvum  for  murder,  fmmd  guilty  and  sentenced  to  death.  ] 
April  8, 1868. 

Rev.  W.  HUl  murdered  at  Pentridge  Gaol,  Victoria,  by 
a  prisoner  named  Ritson,  May  IS,  1809. 

Scott  alias  Captoin  Moonlight,  tried  at  Ballarat  for  the 
£^rton  (Victoria)  bank  robbery  in  1870,  found  guilty 
of  the  offence,  sentenced  to  ten  yean'  imprieonment, 
1872. 

Ttiple  murder  committed  at  Foreat  Reefs,  in  the.Onuoge 
diHtrict,  by  a  man  named  Martin.  His  wife  and  hia 
wife's  father  and  mother  killed.    January  3, 1871. 

Martha  Elizabeth  Rumph,  wife  of  a  shepherd  near  Bom- 
bala,  cut  the  throats  of  several  of  her  children,  two 
of  whose  heads  were  nearly  severed  from  tkeir  bodies 
by  a  knife,  and  then  attempted  to  kiU  herself.  She 
was  tried  at  the  Criminal  Court,  Sydney,  Febniary  16 
following,  and  acquitted  on  the  ground  of  her  being 
insane  at  the  time  of  the  nuirden.    January  11, 1871. 

A  threatening  letter  sent  to  the  Governor  of  N.8.W., 
stated  in  the  Assembly  to  have  been  the  work  of  a 
boy  of  thirteen  years.    June  1, 187L 

A  man  named  Savage  found  murdered  in  a  hut  on 
his  own  property,  about  three  miles  from  Parramatta, 
and  on  the  Kissmg  Point  Road,  near  Sydney,  June  27, 
1871. 

William  Hartley,  alia*  Geoifire  Cox,  sentenoed  to 
death  at  the  Rathurst  Asuzas  for  the  Wren's  Nest 
murder.    October  28, 1871. 

Mail  coach  stuck  up  near  Merriwa  by  two  armed  men. 
November,  1871. 

'Arrival  of  the  "Jessie  KeUy,**  schooner,  from  Noumea, 
brinjrin  g  intelligence  of  the  maseaore  of  Bishop  Pat- 
teson,  of  the  Melanesian  Miadon,  and  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Atkin.    November  i,  1871. 

Keropa  tried  at  Napier,  New  Zealand,  for  the  murder 
of  llev.  Mr.  Volkner ;  found  guilty  and  sentenced  to 
death,  December  21, 1871. 

James  Stewart,  murdered  with  a  knife,  at  Camden 
Park,  New  South  Wales,  by  Robert  Boyd,  who  com- 
mitted suicide  same  day.  January  6, 1872. 

G.  R.  NichoUsand  Alftred  Lyater,  tried  before  Mr.  Jns- 
tlce  Haiifnive,  for  the  murder  on  Furamatta  River, 
New  South  Wales,  of  William  Percy  Walker,  Mazeh  13, 
1872 ;  they  were  convicted  and  sentenced  to  death, 
May  22,  1872. 

''Carl"  murden  and  Udnaiminsr  investigation  eom- 
menced.  Water  Police  Courts  8y<uiev,  July  27, 1872. 

Captain  Joseph  Armstrong  and  the  mate  of  the 
'*  Carl,"  convicted  on  the  (Queen's)  evidence  of  I^. 
James  Patrick  Murrav,  of  kidnapping  Pcrfyneiiana,  were 
sentenced  to  death,  but  the  sentence  was  afterwards 
commuted;  five  of  the  crew  were  also  toied,  andre< 
oeivod  two  yeary  imprisonment,  for  assault  on  the 
high  seas.    November  19, 1872. 

Releafie  of  Mount  and  Morris  (of  the  "  Ovl"  kidnapping 
expedition),  who  had  been  Mntenoed  aft  the  Melbourne 


before  to  itfteee  yau^' 
imprieoaaent ;  sroaadeof  release  bdng  tbat  itvu 
not  shown  that  tbey  were  detained  for  tmir  crimai  in 
some  place  appointed  by  the  Secretary  ot  Stats.  8ei>- 
teniber  18, 187S. 

Extensive  forgeries  of  bank  notes  diaiw  eared  bt  Fuia- 
matftaOaoU  OeCoher  1, 1879. 

H.  J.  cyFtereU,  a  eleric  ia  the  Ijuide  OlBee,  UsIbeBne, 
aheeonded;  £14,000  deSdent  in  his  aeooanti,  Novem- 
ber. 187S ;  was  aavesled  in  Siagapove  in  1874,  bnwght 
haw  to  Melbourne,  tried,  ooanoled,  and  ssntsnced  to 
fooitean  yean'  impriaoaiaeBt.    1874. 

A  gM  named  Mary  Budntn  loiiUy  unvdered  at  Meant 
GamWer  by  a  msjried  man  named  WiUiam  Vtige  aUint 
WaUur^wte  was  caeeoted  for  the  crime.  July  11, 1875. 

Ghse  of  attempt  to  hiMe  a  member  of  the  New  Sooth 
Wales  Parliament.  A  sentence  of  three  yean'  im- 
priMoment  with  hard  labour  was  passed,  iriJeh  how- 
ever waa  qnsshed  on  appeal  to  the  fuU  Ooortt  Aegust 
17, 1875. 

Richard  W.  Sawen,  ttiler.  Beak  Vioteria,  emited 
Melbounie,  embeHUng  £1^400,  Oetober,  27, 187&. 

Attempt  waa  made  te  upset  the  up^tadn  from  B^ant 
aad  Oeelong  to  Melbourne  by  ptocing  three  iroB  wl» 
and  a  sleeper  acroea  the  line;  the  txain  out  through  the 
raUa.  December  9,  1875.  [£2QD  reward  was  oAered 
for  the  eonviction  cL  the  perpetrator.] 

CoBunercial  Bank  at  Ouinonbat,  New  South  Wtk^, 
brokeo  into,  and  the  manager  bailed  up  at  niglitaDd 
robbed  of  £1600.  Jaauaiy  13,  1876.  [The  robben 
were  sabseqaeutAy  caplaied,  and  a  lacge  asMant  of 
the  money  recovered, ) 

Bonk  of  ir.S.  W.  Brisbaae,  robbed  of  £1,900  by  a  derk. 
Deeember  5, 1877. 

[See  EaaeuoatvtB,  Exscutions*] 


Cbimi  in  AvaaAUAM  Oohmoo,  187& 


XaoM  of  Coloajr. 


New  Sovth  Walw 
NewZcalaai  .... 

QaewMkMiJ 

South  Aostrftlia  . . 

TMmanik 

Victoria 


Hvmker  of  Offncn  for  vfakk 


45J05 
23,141 

IQJHO 
0,375 

«S,397 
7,000 


Total  1  146,914 


ao,4ot 

1,»I 

1«,U» 

4M 

•^M 

W 

ifim 

t» 

7,3nB 

M 

STJBOS 

4W 

6^ 

M 

101,11» 

S.W> 

R2 
IS 

m 

91 

w 
r 


1^ 


PBOFomaM  OF  AKxana,  CoiniTnaanB,  akd  Coifvicm» 
or  AusnALiAN  CoLoxna  to  Popvlatiox,  etc,  187(1 


JNaiBC  ofCokaf. 


PropoftfoB 
per  l^JlO  of— 


Xew  Smith  Walet . 

New  Zealand  

QiMenalaad 

Povth  Auatndla . . . 

Tannaaia 

Victoria 

Weatcra  Auatndia. 


Total, 


PropnrtiMi 
pcrl,M»af- 


Propertin 
pa  feat  «*- 


CULTIVATION— CUKIOSmBa :  FACTO  AND  SCRAPS. 


ss 


Almi,tlie  iJiuiwilj  of  the  Oritri  Baik,  eontaining 
f5/m)extneledfiomth0mKflroom«ftlM  ''Avoom^durfaig 
Oft  pMH«e  fk«ai  S]p4]Mj  to  IMbofMiM,  Amg.  4,  1877. 
TMriTOBoalht  alfeennads  th*  0Hp«it«r  el  the  ▼« 


MBlaWtabMs  WMMiBtBredeiideoiifMMdto  tlM  lobbery. 
iBplkilbv  EBiMn^  tbe  Itat  oOoer.  Wtebcw  esmped 
btthtVlctoriMipoileewlBenpgetoadiiigtofaed  them 
iNwthe  Mddep  tra— me  twie.  Pot  88,  1878.  EDiMn 
v»uniliAiAEiM[lnd,lraiaoQiailad.    Nov.,  187& 

A  TniMBBgerettte  Sydney  OiMervBtoiy,  axn^ed  on 
mpidoo  o<  having  efttcmptod  to  destroy  Mr.  Bnaea, 
the  GovenuneDt  Astronomer,  bj  aa  inf enud  mediiae, 
SiptMsber  8»  1877. 

Xr.  aod  Mra.  AskeM  miudered  mi  Booral,  Beymond 
limos.  Kev  Seitth  Wales,  Fcbmair  1, 18T8. 

Senior  aeigaeiit  WaUin^s  shot  whilst  atter  bashzenger, 
8ntanb«rS0,1878.  [Hismunlerer,aU»OQ,wu8botby 
SsMaipsator  Duffy  and  party,  on.  the  Qaeenslaad 
teidcr,  Oot  6, 187&] 

CULTIVATION. 

Ibe  fqOoefng  table  giver  the  mnnbar  of  aciee  nader 
en)pmtiMAastalMia»  Coloniea  on  Jaauaiy  1,  1878:— 


m 


'1 


AeraL 

KceSooth  Wake 

646,9f!6 

OiiKMAUHl                  

99,891 

IWtnnia 

181,013 

So«h  Aostnlla 

1,8S,115 

\1elorb   

1,480,602 

Wa^^m  Australia 

60,691 

■Mai    

4^)78,866 

VavZlskM] .. 

841,883 

Tstal  f or  Aoatnlaaiaa  Ooknles 

4,718,601 

CUMBRRIAND  DISBASB.  A  dutemper 
bKmn  w  the  Cmnberland  Difleaae  made  great 
nraees  amongst  the  cattleof  the  colony  of  New 
South  Wales.  It  was  confined  to  tbe  ooonty 
of  Cinibefflawi,  bat  attacked  herds  that  wete 
Ifoaght  from  otiier  parts  1851. 

crRiosniEs :  facts  and  scraps. 

I^^Mruetion  of  Rum.  John  Tawell,  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  to  show  his  devotion 
^  tbe  enae  of  tempeBsnoe,  otdened  npwsods  of 
six  hundred  gidhms  of  mm  to  be  emptied  into 
Pbrt  Jackson  March  9,  1836. 

An  Extraordinary  Sentence,  Tha  following 
took  place  in  Sydney,  Sentember  23,  1829:^ 
the  priaoaer  was  tried  Mfot«  Mr.  Justioe 
Dowung  and  found  guilty  of  stealing  a  pair  of 
oan;  wntenoe,  to  be  imprisoned  one  caJendar 
ovotk,  and  on  the*  last  d»y  of  his  imprisonment 
to  be  ptUicly  whipped  from  the  polioe  oOoe  to 
^  KiBg^traet  wharf. 

^emMiable  ease  of  a  series  cf  wrecks  suffered 
k  the  same  people.  The  "Mermaid,"  Colonial 
Oovemnent  cotter,  Isft  Sydn^  lor  Raffles  Bay, 
bet  on  entering  Torres  Straits  she  got  on  shore, 
sod  was  lost.  All  on  board  were  saved  npon  a 
rock.  In  throe  days  afterwards  the  "Swift- 
■ure,"  Captain  Johnson,  Which  sailed  from  Tas- 
iiiAnia,  hove  in  sight,  and  took  on  board  the 
captain  and  crew  of  the  "  Mermaid,''  but  in 
^^^  days  she  also  got  on  shore,  and  was 
VTvcked.  Two  days  afterwaids  the  "  Governor 
K«idy,"  also  from  Hobart  Town,  Taflmania 
(April  2),  passing  within  sig^t,  took  the  ship- 
^'ivcksd  people  bekaging  to  the  " Mermaid" 


and  " SwiftBUfe **  o»  board;  but  was  itasll 
wrecked  on  May  18,  but  all  the  people  saved 
by  takincr  refaffe  in  the  lon^  boats.  The  shiv 
"Comet,  also  from  Tasmamay  soon  after  too& 
the  whole  of  ^e  coUeeted  crews  of  the  Isst 
ships  "  Mermaid,"  " Swiftsuie,"  and  "  Governor 
Beady  "  on  board,  but  was  herself  wrecked,  bnt 
all  hands  saved.  At  last  the  ship  "Jupiter," 
from  Tasmania,  came  in  sight,  and  taking  all  on 
board,  steered  for  Port  Barnes,  at  the  entranoe 
to  which  harbour  she  got  on  shore,  and  received 
so  much  damage  that  she  may  be  said  to  have 
been  wrecked.    1829. 

Mungo  Parft  offer  to  Expfore  Australia.  In 
the  New  South  Wales  official  correspondence, 
there  is  a  letter  to  John  King,  Esq.,  of  the 
Treasury,  dated  May  15,  1798,  nt>m  Sir  Joec^ 
Banks,  communicating  Park's  offer,  as  follows : 
— "  It  is  impossible  to  conceive  that  such  a  body 
of  land,  as  urge  as  ail  Bmope,  does  not  produce 
vast  rivers,  capable  of  being  navigated  mto  the 
heart  of  the  interior,  or,  if  properly  investigated, 
that  such  a  oooatry,  sitaate  m  a  meet  f ruitfal 
climate,  shooM  not  produce  some  native  raw 
material  of  iaraortflAoe  to  a  manufacturing 
country  as  fineland  is.  Mr.  Mungo  Park^-- 
lately  retnmed  nom  a  journey  in  Africa*  where 
he  penetrated  further  into  the  inland  than  any 
EJuropean  before  has  done  by  several  hundred 
miles,  <^ers  himself  as  a  volunteer  to  be  em- 
ployed in  exploring  the  interior  of  New  Holland 
by  its  rivers  or  otherwise,  as  may  in  the  event 
be  found  most  expedient.  His  naoral  character 
is  imblemished,  his  temper  mild,  and  his 
patience  inexhaustible,  as  he  has  proved  during 
nis  African  expedition ;  he  is  sufficiently  versed 
in  astronomy  to  make  and  to  calculate  obeerva- 
tions  to  determine  both  latitude  and  longitude  ; 
he  knows  geography  enough  to  constouct  map  of 
the  counties  he  may  visit,  draws  a  little,  has  a 
complete  knowledge  of  botany  and  zoology,  and 
has  oeen  educated  in  the  medical  line.  He  is 
very  moderate  in  his  terms ;  he  will  be  content 
with  ten  shilling  a  day  and  his  rations,  and 
happy  if  his  pay  is  settled  at  twelve  shillings. 
The  amount  of  his  outfit  for  instruments,  arms, 

gesents,  &c.,  will  not»  I  thinks  exceed  £100. 
e  will  want  a  decked  vessel  of  about  thirtv 
tons  under  the  command  of  a  lieutenant,  with 
orders  to  follow  his  adviooin  all  matters  of  ex* 
ploring.  Snob  a  vessel  may  easily  be  built  in  the 
count^,  if  one  already  there,  which  is  found  to 
have  very  bad  oaalities  as  a  sea^boat,  cannot  be 
made  sufficiently  trustworthy ;  and  Lieutenant 
Flinden,  a  ooontrymaa  of  mine,  a  man  of  ac* 
tivity  and  information,  who  is  already  there, 
will,  I  am  sure,  be  happy  if  he  is  entrusted  with 
the  c<Nnmand,  and  wiU  enter  into  the  spirit  of 
his  orders,  and  agree  perfectiy  with  IVirk.  The 
crew  of  such  a  vessel  need  not,  in  my  opinion, 
conaist  of  more  than  ten  men — ^fomr  for  boat- 
keepera,  and  six  to  proceed  in  the  country  with 
one  or  both  the  commanders,  as  may  happen 
when  inland  joameya  are  to  be  attempted.  If 
either  or  both  these  projects  are  carried  into 
execution  I  will  readily  undertake  to  draw  up 
instructions  for  all  parties,  and  to  correspond 


M 


CUKRENCY— CUSTOMS. 


with  them  durinji;  the  execation  of  their  plans, 
under  the  supermtendence  of  your  office,  such 
hopes  have  I  of  material  disooyeries  being  made 
and  sach  zeal  do  I  really  feel  for  the  prosperity 
of  a  colony  in  the  foundins  of  which  I  bore  a 
considerable  share." — Abrutged  from  **  LabaU 
Uert*8  Early  Hiatory  qf  Victoria,'^ 

CURRENCY. 

The  following  proclamation  was   issued  by 
GoTemor  King : — 

PROCLAMAITON. 

No\-ember  19, 1800. 

Whereas,  representations  of  the  want  of  small  money 
experienced  here,  has  induced  His  Majesty  to  take 
into  gracious  consideration  the  immediate  reUeffft)m 
this  great  inconvenience  to  all  classes  of  his  subjects  in 
this  colony,  a  quantity  of  copper  coin  has  been  received 
in  His  llajestv's  armed  vessel  "  Porpoise,"  and  will  be 
circulated  oy  being  paid  for  grain  and  anbnal  food  sup- 
plied His  Majesty's  stores. 

Tliese  are  therefore  to  give  notice,  that  a  copper  coin 
weighing  one  English  ounce,  and  stamped  with  the  profile 
<»f  His  Majesty  on  the  one  side,  and  of  Britannia  on  the 
other,  wiU  be  issued  as  above,  at  the  rate  of  two-pence 
for  eaich  copper,  and  that  the  same  shall  pass  current  in 
ihe  colony,  and  is  to  circulate  at  the  aforesaid  rate  of 
two-pence. 

And  that  no  one  may  plead  ignorance  d  the  rate  or 
legality  of  this  or  any  otner  of  the  coins  circulating  in 
this  colony,  of  which  it  does  not  wpear  that  any  regular 
iprodamation  has  ever  collectively  been  issued,  I  liave 
Judged  it  most  expedient  herewith  to  publish  the  follow- 
ing tables  of  ill  the  specie  legally  circuiatinff  in  this 
colony  with  the  rates  affixed  to  each,  at  which  they 
shall  be  considered,  and  be  a  legal  tender  inallpaymente 
or  transactions  in  this  colony : — 


TABLE  OF  SPECIE. 

A  goinea 

A  Johanna 

An  half  ditto 

A  ducat 

Agoldmohur  .. 

Apagoda 

A  Spanish  dollar 

JL  nipee 

A  Dutch  guelder 

An  fioglish  shilling 

A  copper  coin  of  one  ounce 

Gk>D  Savs  TBI  Knio. 


£1    2 

4    0 
2    0 

0  9 

1  17    6 
0    8    0 

6 
2 
2 
1 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
6 
0 
1 
2 


When  a  sufficient  quMitity  of  copper  coin  is  received 
in  the  colony,  of  which  notfoe  will  be  given,  •  no  private 
notes  or  cards  will  be  allowed  to  circulate.  This  supply 
of  copper  havinff  bem  sent  to  relieve  the  inconvenience 
of  persons  requlrlnff  to  make  small  payments  :  no  per- 
sons are  to  collect  tne  same,  for  the  purpose  of  making 
large  payments  ;  nor  shall  it  be  deemed  a  legal  tender 
to  offer  the  same  in  payment  for  any  sum  exceeding  five 
pounds. 

And  it  is  hereby  declared  that  the  exportation  tv 
importation  of  any  sum  in  copper  exceeding  £5  shall  be 
punished  by  fine  of  treble  the  value,  and  forfeiture  of 
the  sum  exported  or  imported.       November  19, 1800. 

First  issue  of  copper  coin  took  place  December,  1800. 

The  coins  and  their  standard  value  circulaUng  in  the 
colony  at  this  time  were  :~A  guinea,  which  was  current 
for  £1  2s. ;  a  Johannes,  £4 ;  a  half  Johannes,  £2 ;  a 
ducat,  9s.  6d. :  a  gold  mohur,  £1 178.  6d. ;  a  pagoda.  8b.; 
.■a  Bpuish  dollar,  6&  :  a  rupee,  2s.  6d. ;  a  Dutch  guelder. 
2b.  ;  an  English  shilling.  Is.  Id. ;  a  copper  coin  (penny) 
of  one  ounse,  2d ;  a  copper  coin,  half  ounce,  Id. ;  a 
copper  coin,  quarter  ounce.  |d.  In  consequence  of  the 
scarcity  of  copper  coin  in  cireulation,  orders  were  given 
2>y  the  Governor  that  no  sum  oi  this  coin  exceeding  £6 
should  be  deemed  a  legal  tender,  and  that  no  larger  sum 
than  £5  should  be  exported  in  copper,  under  a  severe 
penalty.    1801. 


H.  M.  S.  "Samarang^  arrived  fjrom  India,  with  tm- 
sure  dollars  for  Government,  Febmaiy  S,  1812. 

Hie  o(»stant  draining  of  sterling  money  for  the  pay* 
ment  of  supplies,  wliieh  the  colony  was  neoessitsted  to 
procure  from  Ensland  and  other  countries,  oocaninoed  t 
great  scardtv  of  money.  Tlie  Governor  sanetioiMd  the 
usue  by  individuals  of  five  shilling  promisnry  notci, 
payable  on  demand  in  copper  eoln.  It  wis  nuned 
'*  Currency^  money.  This  was  the  commeneemflnt  U 
that  qrstem  of  money  orders,  which  afterwards  pished 
so  conspicuous  a  put  of  the  mooetaiy  histmy  of  the 
ocdony  of  New  South  Wales.  1812. 

The  txpedkmcy  of  persons  being  allowed  to  isme  the 
five  shilling  promissory  notes,  or  **  Currency"  money  u 
it  was  called,  onlv  benefited  the  oolcmy  for  a  short  time ; 
in  consequence  ci  shilling  money  beooining  shorter  ereiy 
day,  and  many  persons  issuing  Uiese  notes  being  mable 
to  meet  them,  and  others  who  were  not  responsible  for 

Sayment  6t  the  amount  of  orders,  they  became 
epreciated  as  low  as  fifteen  shillinxs  in  the  pound.  As 
order  was  sulMequently  given  wmdi  mort  dtte^aSj 
remedied  the  evil,  which  was  the  issue  of  whatwu 
known  as  the  holey  dollar,  whidi  was  by  cnttiiv  t 
circular  piece  out  of  the  centre  of  the  Spanish  doUsr,  ud 
giving  the  piece  cut  out  the  value  of  fifteen  pence,  whilit 
the  nm  or  ring  represented  five  shillings,  at  nnoe  in- 
creased the  amount  ot  sterling  money  in  the  oolong,  and 
increased  the  quantitv  of  current  coin.  The  ctrculBr 
piece  cut  out  of  the  dollar  was  called  a  "  dump,"  sod  ito 
value  represented  fifteen  pence ;  thus  every  dolhr 
realised  6s.  8d.    July  1, 1S1& 

**  The  Holey  DoUsr,"  and  the  piece  taken  out-"  the 
dump'*— officially  countenanced,  i82L 

First  Act  of  Parliament  passed  in  Australia.  Itsob- 
ject  was  to  make  promissory  notes  and  bills  of  exdiaoge 

Kyable  in  Spanisn  dollars  available  as  if  such  notes  hsd 
en  drawn  payable  in  sterling  money  of  the  reilm, 
September  28, 1624. 

The  Bvstem  of  currency  or  dollar  system  abolished  by 
Act  of  Council,  February  12, 1826. 

Qaoette  notice  appeared,  officially  prohibiting  the 
further  use  oi  the  holey  dollar  and  the  dump,  a  line 
amount  of  British  coin  having  been  received,  and  put  in 
circulation,  August  15, 1829. 

Public  meeting  hrid  in  Sydnqr  raspectingtbe  cnnsDey 
of  dollars,  dumps,  and  rupees,  determining  only  to 
deal  in  sterling  pieces.  Resolutions  were  paaied  thtt 
dollan  and  rupees  be  retained  in  circvJation  aft  the 
following  rates :  Dollars,  4Sb  2d.,  and  rupees,  la  9d., 
November  28, 1829. 

Counter  meeting  held  which  resolved  that  the  doUtr 
be  retained  at  68.  currency,  November  90, 1829. 

Money  in  circulation  very  scarce,  as  much  as  seventy' 
five  per  cent,  befaiggiven  for  loans,  1884. 

Withdrawal  by  proclamation  of  old  British  copper 
coins  from  circulation  in  the  colonies,  on  August  21, 1^ 

A  notice  to  the  effect  thatold  copper  would  be  excbsnged 
at  the  Sydney  Branch  of  the  Royal  Mint  for  bronse  coiq, 
up  to  March  31, 1877,  published  March  24, 187& 

CURRENCY  LADS  and  CURRENCY 
LASSES.  A  term  formerly  aoplied  to  the  native 
bom  population  of  New  Soutn  Wales  to  distin- 
goish  them  from  the  immigrant  portion  of  the 
nhabitants,  who  were  designated  as  "  sterling/' 

CURTIS  ISLAND.  Discovery  of  Curtis  Island, 
(after  Timothy  and  William  Curtis,  Esqs.)  and 
Macauley  Islaoid  (after  G.  M.  Macauley,  Esq.)  by 
Captain  Lever,  in  the  "  Lady  Penrhyn,"  June  1, 
1788. 

CUSTOMS. 

Despatches  sent  to  the  €k>vemor  to  cause  s 
register  of  all  ships  entering  the  harbour  and 
clearing  out  to  be  instituted,  1799.  [This  vss 
the  first  step  taken  towards  the  establishment  of 
Custom  House  duties,  and  port  regulations.] 


DAMJNGw-DEFENCES. 


85 


Hie  fint  imposition  of  impoa*t  duties  ooxnmenoed 
in  Anstnliay  1800.  [The  immediate  object  of 
tiiis  impost  was  to  raise  a  fund  for  the  purpose 
of  finiBning  a  gaol  in  Sydney ;  the  work  had  been 
curied  on  at  first  by  voluntary  assessment,  levied 
QD  the  inhabitants  of  Sydney  and  the  settlers 
genenUy,  but  this  was  found  madequate  for  that 
purpose.]  .^Vonctt  i?oMt\  appointed  Ck>mptroller 
of  Customs,  Mav  7,  1827.  ^.  F.  Campbell  ap- 
poiiited  first  Collector  of  Customs  in  New  South 
Wales,  being  the  first  officer  who  bore  that  title, 
1827. 

Customs  Duties.  Meetings  held  in  Sidney 
ind  different  parts  of  the  colony,  and  petitions 
adopted  praymg  the  Home  Government  for  ad- 
mission of  wheat,  maize,  and  flour  into  the  EIng- 
bsh  ports  on  the  same  terms  on  which  the 
Caosdian  grain  was  allowed,  1845  ;  the  duty  on 
spirits  reduced  one-half,  in  order  to  put  a  stop  to 
illicit  distillation,  1845 ;  a  resolution  passed  in  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  New  South  Wales,  to 
sbolish  the  duty  on  tea  and  suear,  on  the  motion 
of  Mr.  Parkes,  was  carried  by  a  majority  of 
one,  29  voting  for  it  and  28  against  it,  Septem- 
ber 3,  1859.  [A  motion  was  afterwards  moved 
for  readnding  the  resolution,  which  was  carried 
by  a  majority  of  40  to  21.  The  revenue  derived 
from  tms  source  was  £150,000  per  annum.] 
abolition  of  ad  valorem  duties  New  south  Wales, 
January  1,  1874. 

Customs  Fracas  in  Melbourne  between  the 
aathorities  and  the  soft-goods  firm  of  Stevenson 
aad  Sons,  Flinders  Lane,  April  15,  1876. 

Tasifp.  The  Border  Customs  tariff  treaty 
between  New  South  Wales  and  Victoria  passed 
1867 ;  a  despatch  from  Lord  Kimberly  received, 
objecting  to  the  complex  tariff  between  the 
Australian  Colonies,  July  13,  1871. 


DARLING,  Rai^ph. 

Governor  of  New  South  Wales,  arrived  in  1821 ; 
party  feeling  was  very  high  against  the  Governor 
m  1^.  The  €U)vemor  was  assailed  by  the  Oppo- 
sition, and  an  impeachment  was  got  up  and  sent 
homeforhis  alleged  mis-government.  The  friends 
of  the  Governor,  consistmgof ' '  landed  proprietors 
snd  merchants,"  presented  an  address  to  him, 
in  whicdi  they  stated  that  they  were  convinced 
that  every  act  of  his  administration  emanated 
from  the  purest  motives.  This  address  was 
presented  by  Messrs.  A.  Berry,  R.  Jones,  W. 
k  Browne,  G.  Bunn,  Icely,  and  A.  R  Spark, 
snd  bore  the  signature  of  120  persons.  The 
Cioremor  was  openly  insulted  whilst  in  conversa- 
tion with  the  Colonial  Secretary  after  Diyine 
Service  on  the  Sabbath.  The  assailant  came 
up  to  the  Grovemor  and  exclaimed  *'You  are 
a  — -  BcoundreL  "  He  was  immediately  seized. 
A  carving  knife  and  two  pistols  were  found  on 
him.    The  alleged  cause  of  this  assault  was 


disappointment  in  re^;ard  to  an  application  for 
a  grant  of  land,  to  which  the  applicant  imagined 
he  had  a  risht,  but  could  proauce  no  proofs  in 
support  of  nis  claim,  and  it  was  rejected,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1829.    [See  Sudds  and  Thompson.] 

Proceedings  touchins  the  impeachment  of 
€k>vemor  Darling  bron^t  forward  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  18S).  [The  impeachment  was  sup- 
ported b^  ^.  Stewart,  Mr.  Joseph  Hume,  and 
Mr.  Dantel  O'Connell,  and  was  opposed  by  Sir 
George  Murray,  who  then  held  the  office  of 
Secretary  for  the  Colonies.  The  discussion 
brought  no  other  result  than  to  show  that  the 
affairs  of  the  colony  had  raised  an  interest  in 
the  highest  quarters,  and  the  proceedings  were 
brought  to  a  termination.] 

DARLING  DOWNS,  discovered  and  named  by 
Allan  Cunningham,  June  5,  1827. 

DARLING,  RiVEB,  discovered  by  Captain  Sturt. 
[Known  at  its  rise  as  the  Karaula,  or  Calewatta, 
changing  afterwards  to  the  Barwon,  and  sub- 
sequent^  to  the  Darling.]  February  4,  1829. 
[See  RrvsRs.] 

DAWSON,  River,  discovered  November  11, 
1844.    [^ee  Rivers.] 

DEAF  AND  DUMB  ASYLUM.  [See  Chabi- 
TABLE  Institutions.] 

DEATHS  IN  THE  Australian  Colonies  dubino 

1876. 


New  South  Wftles 

New  Zealand 

Queensland 

South  Australia 

TVtfmania         

Victoria 

Western  Australia 

Total 


Hale. 

Female. 

6,506 

4,686 

2,881 

2,028 

2,249 

1,218 

1,968 

1,667 

1,022 

706 

7,716 

6,846 

288 

146 

22,607 

16,191 

TotaL 


11,193 
4.904 
8,467 
8,660 
1,780 

18,661 


88,788 


DECEASED  WIFE'S  SISTER,  Marriage 
WITH.  Coloninl  Acts  of  Parliament  have  been 
passed  to  declare  valid  the  marriage  of  a  man  with 
nis  deceased  wife's  sister.  Assented  to  in  South 
Australia,  June,  1871 ;  in  Victoria,  November, 
1873  ;  and  in  New  South  Wales,  July  21,  1875. 
[It  has  also  become  law  in  Queensland.] 

DEFENCES.  The  Home  Government  proposed 
to  send  out  military  labour  to  execute  tne  neces- 
sary works  for  the  defence  of  Port  Jackson, 
provided  the  colony  paid  the  men,  but  the 
Coimcil  refused  the  offer  until  the  local  Legis- 
lature was  invested  with  the  entire  control  of 
the  colonial  revenue,  territorial  as  well  as 
general :  ultimately  carried  by  the  casting  vote  of 
the  Speaker,  Dec.,  1851  ;  meeting  held  m  Syd- 
ney m  consequence  of  the  intelligence  of  the 
news  of  the  war  between  Russia  and  Turkey, 


M 


DIAMONDS—DRAMA. 


wken  Inwards  <d  two  thoasaad  pwricmn  wwe 
ymaeat,  and  an  addrsas  to  the  Queea  was 
adi^ted,  in  wkioh  it  stated  fuuJjteBsliile  devotion 
aad  loyiltj  to  Her  Majesty,  and  to  assist  to  tke 
utmost  of  their  ability  to  maintain  the  henevr 
of  the  British  flag  and  the  n^«^  of  this  pertion 
of  Her  Majesty's  dominioiis.  Two  lesoiatioiia 
were  adopted,  one  to  call  in  the  eomhiiied  action 
«f  all  the  available  strength  of  the  colony,  the 
other  that  the  citizens  were  preparod  to  support 
the  Executive  (xovenunent  in  all  the  naaofnl 
neasores  for  the  proteetioQ  of  the  oolony 
against  foreign  invaaion,  1854 ;  to  enable  the 
oolonies  to  teke  effectual  itteasarse  for  their 
defence  against  attacks  by  sea  the  ''Colonial 
Naval  De^nce  Act"  was  passed  in  1865 ;  Colo- 
nial Branch  Army  Act  passed,  1866;  "Cer- 
beras,"  monitor,  for  the  defence  of  Port  Phillip, 
arrived  in  Hohsan*s  Bay,  April  7,  1871; 
trial  of  harbour  defences,  Sydney,  nearly  three 
thousand  men  mnstered,  March  25,  1871 ;  * 
sum  of  £90,000  voted  by  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly of  New  Soutii  Wsles  for  works  of  fortifi- 
oiraon  and  defence,  June  12,  1871 ;  telejsram 
received  that  Sir  W.  F.  D.  Jervois  and  Cmonel 
Scratchley  had  been  selected  by  the  British 
Government  to  report  upon  the  capabilities  lor 
defence  of  the  Australian  colonies,  February  22, 
1877  ;  Sir  William  Jervois  arrived  in  Sydney  to 
report  on  the  Australian  defences,  April,  1877  ; 
Sir  W.  Jervois  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Scratch- 
ley  arrived  in  Melbourne,  June  11,  1877  ;  SirH. 
Parkes  submitted  resolutions  to  the  New  South 
Wales  Assembly  substantially  embodying  the 
scheme  of  defences  advised  by  Sir  W.  Jervois  in 
his  report,  June  14,  1877  ;  Sir  William  Jervois* 
report  on  the  defences  of  Port  PhiUip  Bay, 
Victoria,  published,  July  24,  1877 ;  scheme  of 
Sir  W.  Jervqis  for  defence  of  Adelaide  sub- 
mitted to  Parliament,  December  12,  1877. 

DIAMONDS.  E.  H.  Hargraves  reported  dis- 
ovrery  of  diamonds  and  other  precious  stones  in 
New  South  Wales,  July  2,  1851 ;  several  dia- 
monds found  at  Oberon,  New  South  Wales, 
October  3, 1872;  three  hundred  and  seventy-five 
•dismonds  received  in  Sydney  from  Bingera,  New 
South  Wales,  March  8,  1873. 

DILLON.    [See  La  Pesouse.] 

DISTILLATION.  Private  distiHation  exten- 
aively  practised,  1796;  distiUstion  ftrst  per- 
mitted, December  30,  1821.  One  person  was 
fined  £500  for  illicit  distillation  in  Sydney.  The 
fine  was  paid,  July  21 ,  1843.  A  conviction  against 
another,  for  illicit  distillation,  caused  some  excite- 
aaent ;  the  offender  appealed  to  the  Supreme 
Osnrt,  Sydney,  against  the  conviction  ol  the 
Pamunatta  Bench  of  Magistrates,  when  the  con- 
vietion  was  set  aside,  throuflfa  some  oversight  in 
the  Crown  Imv  offices,  in  the  issne  of  Conmiis- 
sions  of  Peace,  for  certain  parties  to  act  as 
magistrates  in  the  city  of  Sydney  And  tke  county 
of  Cumberlsnd,  whereby  idl  the  magistrates  in 
the  colony  exoe^  those  who  had  been  mentioned 
in  the  new  commission,  had  been  acting  for  four- 
teen months  without  anthonty.  l%e  iSsnlt  was, 


that,  thne  ^jm  after  tbe 
known,  a  new  Cnmniiswon  of  the  Fi 
issued,  and  the  Legislative 
diatelv  aommoned,  when  a  bill  of  Xodsmnity  v« 
pssBon  lor  what  had  been  magisteriaUy  tcsss* 
acted  during  that  time  ;  1844.  Seisne  of  Slidt 
stdls  at  a  wholesale  grooery  ertahlishswiit  is 
George-street,  Sydney,  SMtember  12, 1870;  [tibs 
stills,  plant,  ana  niateriau  confiscated,  and  tin 
defendants  wete  ponished  by  being  fined  in 
heavy  penalties];  seisBie  of  illicit  stills  in  s 
house,  near  Victqria  Bridge,  Ipswich  Bosd, 
Queensland,  March  1  and  2,  1879;  seizoveof 
iUicit  stills  in  a  vinegar  manufactoiy  in  Forti* 
tude  Valley,  QueensUnd,  March  %  1879. 

[See  6MUGOLIKG.] 

DOCaCS. 

Dry  dock  at  Waterview  Bay,  Port  Jacksoe, 
better  known  as  Mort's  Dock.  Length  365  iee^ 
width  70  feet,  depth  19  feet,  finished,  1856. 

Fitsroy  Dock,  Cockatoo  Island,  length  356 
feet ;  width  83  feet,  depth  21 J  feet ;  foandstioQ 
stone  laid,  June  5,  1854 ;  first  vessel  entered, 
December  1,  1857. 

Alfred  Dock,  Willismstomi,  Victoria,  com- 
pleted, September  6,  1873;  [the  Albert  Grsraf 
Dock  at  WiUiamstown  is  the  uropei^  of  tks 
Crovemment,  and  is  by  far  the  largest  dry  doc^ 
at  present  in  the  southern  hemisphere.  It  is 
oonstrocted  of  the  basalt  or  blnestone  of  the 
neigfabonrhood,  and  is  450  feet  in  length  co  the 
floor,  and  405  feet  ov«r  all.  It  is  97  feet  between 
the  copings,  and  80  feet  wide  at  the  mtrmce ; 
and  it  has  a  depth  of  wntar,  over  the  si]],  sft 
ordinary  tides  of  94  feet  6  inohes  at  lev 
water,  and  of  26  feet  6  inches  at  hig^  water. 
The  cost  of  the  dock  proper  has  been  shont 
£223,000,  and  the  pumpmg  machinery  and  cais- 
son, both  of  which  were  maae  in  the  colony,  cost 
about  £20,000  in  addition  ] ;  first  ship  entered 
the  Alfred  Dock,  March  2,  1874. 

Graving  dock,  Brisbane,  commenced,  (con- 
tracted to  be  finished  in  tiiree  years)  January 
28,  1876;  [dimensions:  300  feet  long;  widtli, 
inside  dock  on  top,  75  feet,  at  bottom,  40  feet ; 
depth  of  water  on  sill  at  low  water,  12  feet  2 
inches ;  at  high  water,  22  feet ;  osat  of  dodk, 
£02,796]. 

DOMAIN.    [See  8TD:«y.] 

DRAMA,  The. 

First  theatrical  perfotmanee  in  Aastaba. 
Play  of  Farquhar's  comedy  **Tke  Recrnitigg- 
officer, "  performed  by  some  priaenen  to  celefacsle 
the  King%  birthday,  at  Syd^iey,  N.S.W.,  Jii» 
4,  1789. 

The  first  theatre  erected  in  Sydney  (st  a 
ooet  of  £1<10)  was  opened  January  16,  IW 
The  performance  was  Dr.  Yoxmg's  trsgedy 
"The  Revenge,"  and  ♦* The  Hotel "  m an  aft^ 
pieoe.  The  manager's  name  was  Snxfow,  sw 
the  actors  were  Messrs.  Qreen,  Hawxes,  Hu^^ 
Chapman,  and  Mrs.  Davia.    Qemgd  Bsmngtcn, 


BBAMA. 


W 


tbe  nolonoaa  piclcpoeket,  is  the  a«cradit«d 
hUmt  of  ike  oelebNited  Prologue,  which  was 
TCid  en  the  risiiig  el  the  caiitatk,  es  follows : — 

PlOMOCK. 

From  distant  climes,  o'er  wide-spread  seas  we  oeme, 
Tlioasli  not  with  much  ^dat,  or  beat  of  drum  ; 
Ime  patriots,  all,  for  be  it  imderstood, 

^We  left  eiir  oouBtiy  for  our  coantry's  good : 
Vo  private  views  dkvrac'd  oar  generous  seal, 
Wkat  uig'd  oar  tiwels,  was  our  coontiT's  weal ; 
Aid  neoe  will  doubt,  but  tbat  our  emigration. 
Has  pro?ed  most  useful  to  the  British  iwtion. 
But  you  inquire,  what  oould  our  breasts  inflame. 
With  this  new  passion  for  theatric  lame ; 
What,  in  the  practioe  of  our  former  days, 
Ooold  shape  our  talents  to  exhibit  plays  1 
Tenrpatknoe,  sin,  some  observations  made, 
Tooll  grant  us  equal  to  the  scenic  trade. 
Be  who  to  midnight  laddon  is  no  stranger, 
Tool!  own  will  make  an  admirable  Ranger. 
to  seek  Uacheath  we  have  not  far  to  roam, 
lad  sore  in  Filch  I  shall  be  quite  at  home. 
QmhaUed  there,  none  will  dispute  my  daim, 
to  high  pre-eminence  and  exalted  tune. 
As  oft  on  GadshiU  we  have  ta'en  our  stand. 
When  'twas  so  dark  you  could  not  see  your  hand. 
Borne  true-bred  Falstafl,  we  may  hope  to  start, 
mio,  when  w«U4>olsteTed,  well  wfll  plsgr  his  part, 
the  soene  to  wry,  we  shall  try  in  time 
To  treat  yon  with  a  littte  FantomSme. 
Bcteligfat  and  easgr  Cotamfaiaes  are  foend, 
Am!  wsO-tried  Hariequias  with  us  abound ; 
Worn  dnraaoe  vile  our  predous  selves  to  keep, 
IKe  elten  had  TOOoene  to  tfa*  flying  leap ; 
fbaUMk  faee  have  essnetlmes  ow'd  escape, 

.  Aad  Houaakyw  Heath  has  piwved  the  worth  of  onpe. 
But  how,  you  ask,  eao  we  e*er  hope  to  soar 
Above  these  seenea,  and  cise  to  tragic  lai>e  ? 
leoeft,  ahuB  !  we've  foreed  th'  unwflUng  tsar, 
Aad  petrified  the  heart  with  real  fear. 
Ihdbeth  a  harvest  of  applause  will  imp, 
For  soooe  of  us,  I  <ear,  have  murdased  sleep ; 
Bis  lady  too,  with  grace  wiUeleep  and  talk, 
Our  females  have  beoi  used  at  night  to  walk. 
tensAues,  indeed,  so  various  is  our  art, 
Aa  actor  may  improve  and  mend  his  part ; 
"  Qive  me  a  hone,"  bawls  Rlchasd,  like  a  drone. 
Well  find  a  man  would  help  himself  to  one. 
Qnnt  us  your  favour,  put  us  to  the  test. 
To  gain  your  smiles  woll  do  our  very  best; 
And  without  dread  of  future  Turnkey  Lockits, 
Thus,  in  an  honest  way,  still  piok  your  pockets. 

nhe  price  of  a  seat  in  the  gallery —the  most  commodious 
md  faAionable  part  of  the  houso— was  fixed  at  a  shilling's 
vortti  <rf  spirits,  flour,  meat,  ot  other  articles  of  general 
use.  After  the  theatre  had  been  oftaed  a  diort  time  it 
teame  veiv  popular,  and  everv  device  was  fnaetised  by 
the  wont  cLus  of  convicts  to  obtain  the  moans  of  admis- 
iion.  One  fdlow  killed  a  fine  greyhomid  belonging  to  an 
cOeer,  and  after  skiradng  it  suoooeded  in  palming  ite  jcinte 
dffor  buigaroo  flesh,  at  the  rate  of  9d.  perpouBd.  Crime 
ioorsased  U>  such  a  mariced  extent,  that  the  Governor  issued 
•D  order  for  levelling  the  place  with  the  ground.    1706.] 

Sir  Eiofaard  Bonrke  gnated  a  tiosBse  to  Mr. 
Banett  Levy  for  dramsftic  perfonnsoces.  Mr. 
Levy  was  at  that  time  owner  of  the  Boyal 
fiotd,  and  he  fitted  op  the  ealoom  of  that 
etUUiBbjnent  aa  a  theatre.  He  caueed  a  theatre 
to  be  built,  which  was  termed  the  "Thealce 


Boyal,'*  in  1833.    The  first  msMger  was  Mr. 
Meredith,  who  was  saoeeeded  by  Mr.  SimnMMw. 

Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  opened  March  17» 
1836. 

Queen's  Theatre  Royal,  in  Queen-street,  Msl- 
hoame,  opened  May  1,  1845. 

Mr.  C^eorge  Coppin's  first  appeanmoe,  QttssBr'a 
Theatre,  Melboome,  June  21,  1845. 

George  Coppin  built  Olympic  Theatre,  Mel- 
bourne, 1854. 

Julia  Mathews,  youtiifol  Australian  actress, 
appeared  at  the  Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  Jaa- 
i]aiy2,  1856. 

George  Coppin  appeared  at  the  Victoria 
Theatre,  Sydney,  January  8,  1855. 

Joseph  Rayner  and  Mrs.  Charles  Potde  ap- 
peared at  Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  April  16, 
1855. 

G.  V.  Brooke,  Fanny  Cathcart  (Mrs.  Robert  ^ 
Heir,  now  Mrs.  Geo.  Darrell),  ELobert  Heir,  and  j 
Richard  Young  appeared  at  Victoria  Theatre,  / 
Sydney,  May  15,  1855. 

Lola  Montez  appeared  at  Victoria  Theatie,     . 
Sydney,  August  23,  1855. 

Charles  Young,  Mrs.  Charles  Young  (now  Mrs. 
Heiman  Vezin),  and  J.  P.  Hydes  appeared  at 
Prince  of  Wales  Hieatre,  Sydney,  KoTember 
6,  1855.   ' 

G.  V.  Brooke  appeared  at  (Queen's  Theatre,  ^ 
Melbourne,  as  Othello,  February  26,  1866.  J 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Stark  rapeared  at  Vic- 
toria Theatre,  Svdney,  April  18,  1856. 

William  Hoskins  appeared  at  the  Victoria 
Theatre,  Sydnev,  July  7,  1856. 

Julia  Hariand  (Mrs.  W.  Hoskins)  appeared  at 
Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  July  8,  18di5. 

Marie  Durst  appeared  at  Victoria  Thestee, 
Sydney,  July  14,  1856. 

John  Dunn  appesred  at  Victoria  Theatre, 
Sydney,  July  21,  1856. 

Adelaide  and  Joey  (Mrs.  Onstable)  Gougen- 
heim  appeared  at  Lyceum  Theatre,  Sydney, 
October  6,  1856. 

M'Kean  Buchanan  appeared  at  Victoria 
Theatro,  Sydney,  October  6,  1856. 

Charles  Burf  ord  appeared  at  Victoria  Theatne, 
Sydney,  October  30,  1656. 

First  iUDpearance  of  Mary  Provost  at  the 
Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  March  14,  1859. 

First  appearance  of  John  Drew,  the  Lnsh 
Omedian,  at  Victoria,  Sydney,  June  8,  1869. 

Sir  William  Don  arriyed  in  Melbourne  1860. 

Prince  of  Wales  Theatre,  Syduey,  destroyed 
by  fire,  October  3,  1860  ;  rebuilt,  1863. 

Barry  Sullivan  appeared  as  '* Hamlet"  at 
Theatre  Royal,  Melbourne,  1863. 

Mr.  J.  J.  Bartlett's  first  appearance  in  Mel- 
bourne, July,  1863. 

Charles  Kean,  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Keen, 
•rrived  in  Victoria  from  Eni^and,  September 
25,  1863. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Kean  made  first  appear- 
ance at  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  Melbourne,  in 
**  The  Gamester,"  October  10,  1863. 

Jose{^  Jefferson  s^peared  as  "Rip  Van 
Winkle "  at  the  Piinoess  Thwtre,  Melbounie, 
1863. 


88 


DROUGHT— DXTELLING. 


Madame  Celeste  appeared  in  the  "  Woman  in 
Red"  at  the  Haymarket Theatre,  Melbourne, 
1866. 

Anderson  appeared  as  "  Hamlet "  at  the  Hay- 
market  Theatre,  Melbourne,  1867. 

Walter  Montgomery,  the  celebrated  actor, 
made  his  first  appearance  in  Australia  at  the 
Theatre  Royal,  Melbourne,  July  20,  1867 ;  last 
appearance  m  Sydney,  May  25,  1869 ;  departed 
for  England,  June  3,  1869. 

Mr.  Charles  Mathews,  the  accomplished 
comedian  and  actor,  reappeared  at  the  Prince  of 
Wales  Opera  House,  Sydney,  January  14,  1871. 

Last  appearance  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles 
Mathews  m  Australia.  Farewell  address  read 
at  the  Prince  of  Wales  Opera  House  by  Mr. 
Bartlett,  January  28,  1871. 

Mr.  Howe,  the  tragedian,  appeared  at  the 
Prince  of  Wales  Opera  House  as  "Rip  Van 
Winkle,"  February  9,  1871. 

Madame  Agatha  States  (with  Si^or  Orlandini, 
Signer  Susim,  and  Signer  Cecci)  Opera  Com- 
pany— conductor,  Sicnor  Giorza — first  appeared 
at  Masonic  Hall,  Sydney,  January  3,  1872. 

Prince  of  Wales  Opera  House,  Sydney, 
destroyed  by  fire,  January  6,  1872. 

Theatre  Royal,  Melbourne,  opened  November, 
1872. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  M.  Bates'  first  appearance  in 
Australia,  at  Melbourne,  August  4,  1873. 

Hattie  Shepparde  (Mrs.  My.  Hallam),  the 
well-known  actress,  died  in  Melbourne,  aged 
26,  September  21,  1874. 

J.  C.  Lambert,  well-known  on  Australian 
stitfe,  died  in  England  April  30,  1875. 

L&dy  Don,  an  actress  very  popular  in  Aus- 
tralia, widow  of  Sir  Wm.  Don,  Bart.,  died  in 
London,  September  24,  1875. 

Adelaide  Kistori,  celebrated  tragedienne,  ap- 
peared at  the  Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  July 
26,  1875. 

Theatre  Royal  (formerly  Prince  of  Wales 
Theatre),  Sydney,  opened  December  11,  1875. 

News  received  from  California  of  the  death 
of  Miss  Julia  Mathews,  a  favourite  actress  on 
the  Australian  Rtace,  June  20,  1876. 

Mrs.  Alfred  Phillips,  for  many  years  a  popu- 
lar actress  in  Melbourne,  died  August  12,  I876. 

Majeroni  (Italian  tragedian,  Ristori  Company) 
appeiu^  for  the  first  time  in  English  at  tne 
Theatre  Royal,  Sydney,  April  17,  1876. 

Wm.  Creswick  appeared  in  "  Hamlet "  at  the 
Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  February  16,  1878. 

Mrs.  Scott-Siddons  opened  a  farewell  season 
at  the  Queen's  Theatre,  Sydney,  March  23, 1878. 

DROUGHT.  A  Ions  drought  prevailed  and 
^[reat  heat  experienced,  the  thermometer  stand- 
ing at  80*"  at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  and  fre- 
auently  at  midnight  at  70^  1823 ;  three  years' 
drought  occurred  in  the  colony  of  New  South 
Wales,  1825-6-7 ;  one  of  the  most  severe  droughts 
ever  known  in  New  South  Wales,  with  great 
scarcity  of  water  in  Sydney  and  suburbs,  only 
two  months'  supply  beinff  left  in  the  Botany 
dams,  and  water  bemg  sola  at  a  very  high  rate  in 
Parramatta-street  and  other  localities  for  people 


in  the  suburbs,  occurred  March,  April,  1876; 
[the  water  was  cut  off  nearly  all  day  m  tiie  city, 
and  in  the  suburbs  turned  on  only  for  an  hour  or 
two  in  the  evening ;  a  water  famine  was  d&ily 
expected,  when  ram  came  and  reUeved  appre- 
hension]. 

DUELLING. 

The  following  are  the  only  particulars  of  s 
duel  between  Lieutenant-Colonel  Paterson  and 
Captain  Macarthur,  New  South  Wales  Corps. 
•*  Governor's  Order,  Sydney,  September  14, 1801. 
The  Governor  deeply  laments  that  drcnmstsnces 
should  have  operated  so  forcibly  on  the  nund  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Paterson,  commandingofficer 
of  the  New  South  Wales  Corps,  as  to  exact 
private  satisfaction  for  the  injury  it  appeared  to 
him  that  his  honour  had  received  from  Captain 
Macarthur,  of  the  same  coips,  whereby  the 
King's  service  and  the  welfare  of  the  colony  may 
experience  a  great  loss.  Li  consequence  of  the 
result  of  the  encounter,  and  the  snrwBons  having 
declared  that  the  Lieutenant-Colony's  life  is  by 
no  means  out  of  danger,  Captains  Macarthur, 
Piper,  and  M'Kellar  are  to  be  put  under  a  close 
arrest  until  the  sui^geons  pronounce  him  in  a 
state  of  oonvalesence,  or  that  the  officer's  life 
being  out  of  danser."  ''Governor's  Order, 
September  21. — Although  the  surseons  bare  this 
day  reported  that  Lieutenant-Colonel  Paterson 
is  not  yet  out  of  danger  from  the  wonnd  he 
received  on  the  14th  instant,  yet,  as  the  eight 
days  limited  for  a  military  arrest  expire  this  day, 
Captains  Macarthur,  Piper,  and  MvKellar,  prin- 
cipal and  seconds  in  the  unfortunate  encounter, 
in  which  Lieut. -Colonel  Paterson  was  wounded, 
are  to  be  released  from  arrest,  into  which  the7 
were  ordered  by  the  general  oiders  of  the  14th 
instant,  and  notwith^anding  the  impropriety  of 
admitting  persons  to  bail  situated  as  these 
officers  are,  yet  the  same  reasons  that  operated 
with  the  Governor  in  committing  them  to  a 
military  arrest,  rather  than  to  the  pubUc  gaol, 
induces  him  to  admit  of  their  giving  bail,  and 
proper  security  for  their  appearance  before  a 
court  of  criminal  judicature.  These  officers,  as 
well  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  Paterson,  are  to  give 
security,  and  to  enter  into  recognisances  for 
keeping  the  peace  towards  each  other  as  long  ss 
they  are  in  this  territory  and  its  dependencies." 
It  appears  by  an  order  oated  September  23,  that 
Lieutenant-Colond  Paterson  and  Captains  Piper 
and  M'Kellar  entered  into  sureties  to  keep  the 
peace,  but  Captain  Macarthur  would  not,  and 
therefore  declmed  to  free  himself  from  arrest. 
It  was  therefore  ordered  by  the  Governor  "that 
Captain  John  Macarthur  ao  prepare  himself  to 
emhark  for  England  in  the  arrest  ne  has  thou^t 
proper  to  place  himself  under."  The  affair  was 
afterwards  settled  amicably.  [Colonel  Paterson 
was  subsequently  acting  Governor  of  New  South 
Wales,  during  the  time  that  Bligh  was  under 
arrest,  and  Captain  Macarthur  was  then  acting 
Colonial  Secretary.] 

Mr.  'Saxe  Bannister,  the  Attorney  General  of 
New  South  Wales,  and  Dr.  Wardell  fought  a 
duel  of  a  hannless  character,  October  21, 1826. 


DUMP— EMANCIPISTS. 


89 


Mr.  Heniy  MacBermott,  an  aldennan  and 
afterwards  Mayor  of  Sydney,  challenged  Robert 
Lowe,  M.P.,  to  a  dueL  Mr.  Lowe  declined 
tike  combat,  and  had  Mr.  MacDermott  and  his 
seconder,  Captain  Moore  and  Dr.  M'Farlane, 
bound  oyer  to  keep  the  peace,  1844.    [^ee  Pab- 

IIAME5TART  PbOCTBDINOS,   1844.] 

Dnel  between  Mr.  Stuart  Alexander  Donald- 
son, ft  member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  New 
SoaUi  Wales,  and  Sir  Thomas  Mitchell,  Surveyor 
General  of  the  colony  of  New  South  Wales,  in 
'eooaequenoe  of  the  latter  characterising  the 
statement  of  Mr.  Donaldson  to  his  constituents 
of  Durham  county,  relative  to  the  expenses  of 
the  Surveyor  General's  department,  as  "  false ;" 
three  shots  were  exchanged — one  shot  whizzed 
eloee  to  the  ear  of  Sir  Thomas,  and  Mr.  Donald- 
son's hat  was  penetrated  by  a  bullet  from  his 
adversary's  pistol ;  the  seconds  here  interfered, 
and  the  combatants  left  the  ground,  but  without 
a  reconciliation,  September  27,  1851. 

DUMP.    [See  CuBXEXCY,] 


E. 


EABTHQUAKES. 

The  first  earthquake  recorded  in  Australia  is 
thus  described  by  Qovemor  Phillip  :— <*  Slight 
shock  of  earthquake  in  the  newly  formed  settle- 
nient  of  Sydney  Cove.  It  did  not  last  more 
than  two  or  three  seconds.  It  was  felt  b^  most 
people  in  camp,  and  b^  the  Governor  himself, 
who  heard  at  tne  same  time  a  noise  to  the  south, 
and  which  he  took  at  first  to  be  the  reports  of 
gnns  fired  at  a  great  distance.  The  earth  teemed 
with  ft  sulphurous  odour  for  some  time  after," 
June  22,  1788. 

Earthquake  felt  in  Sydney  Jan.  17,  1800. 

Shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Sydney,  Jan.  17, 
1801. 

Earthquake  in  Sydnev,  Feb.  7,  1801. 

Shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Parramatta,  Pros- 
pect, and  the  Hawkesbury,  May  7,  1804. 

Earthquake  strongly  felt  at  "Richmond,  New 
Sooth  Wales,  Sept.  24,  1806. 

Earthquake  at  Launceston,  Nov.  28,  1823. 

Smart  shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Melbourne 
ttd  neighbourhood,  "being  the  third  similar 
Station  which  had  been  experienced  since  the 
formation  of  the  settlement,    Aug.  21,  1841. 

Earthquake  experienced  in  New  South  Wales, 
ud  felt  at  Windsor,  Newcastle,  Port  Stephens, 
Hacleay  River,  and  Patrick's  Plains,  Oct.  28, 
1842. 

Earthquake  at  Wellington,  New  Zealand, 
Oct.  16  and  17,  1848. 

Earthquake  at  Melbourne,  Sep.  17,  1852. 

Earthquake  at  Christchurch,  New  Zealand, 
Jan.  23,  1855. 

Earthquake  in  Melbotime,  Jan.  10,  1867. 

Earthquake  in  New  Zeaknd,  Oct.  19,  1868. 

Shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Bombala»  N.S.  W., 
1889. 


Smart  shock  of  earthquake  at  Braidwood, 
N.  8.  W.,  Jan.  3,  1871. 

Shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Goulbum,  Yass, 
Alburv,  and  Wagffa  Wa^m,  as  well  as  other 
townships  of  New  South  Wales,  June  8  and  12, 
1871. 

Severe  shock  of  earthquake  at  Braidwood, 
N.  S.  W.,  June  2, 1872. 

Earthquake  in  Sydney  and  throughout  New 
South  Wales,  Oct.  18,  1872. 

Shock  of  earthquake  at  Queanbeyan,  N.S.  W., 
Nov.  18, 1872. 

Shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Buman,  South 
Australia,  Jan.  25,  1873. 

Sharp  shocks  of  earthquake  experienced  at 
Maryborough,  Avoca,  and  other  districts  in 
Victoria. 

Earthquake  at  Wellington,  March  13,  1875. 

Shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Bega  and  Eden, 
N.  S.  W.,  July  11,  1875. 

Earthquake  at  Warwick,  Queensland,  Nov. 

24,  1875. 

Earthquake  at  Port  Darwin,  Dec.  7,  1876. 

Smart  shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Castlemaine 
and  the  surrounding  districts,  Victoria,  Jan.  21, 
1877. 

Shock  of  earthquake  felt  at  Melbourne,  June 

25,  1877. 

EDUCATION  is  provided  in  all  the  Australian 
colonies  and  New  Zealand  largely  at  the  expense 
of  the  Government.  The  system  of  education 
is  by  the  aid  of  universities,  colleges,  grammar 
schools,  and  public  and  private  schools.  By  the 
**  Public  Schools  Acts"  of  Queensland,  Victoria, 
South  Australia,  Western  Australia,  and  Tas- 
mania, education  is  compulsory,  and  in  these 
and  all  the  colonies  it  is  secular  and  free,  though 
denominational  tenetsare  taught  outside  specified 
school  hours. 

New  South  Wales  is  indebted  for  her  Public 
Schools  Act  passed  in  1867,  to  Sir  Henry  Parkes. 

Mr.  (now  Judge)  lilley  introduced,  for  the  first 
time,  free  education  into  Australia  (Queensland) 
in  1870. 

The  amount  expended  under  the  head  of 
education  in  the  various  Australian  colonies  for 
1878  is  as  follows : — 


Colony. 


Scholars. 


Amoont. 


New  South  Wales. 

Victoria 

Queensland    

South  Australia    . 
Western  Australia 

Tasmania    

New  Zealand 


188,267 
228,416 
21.000 
29,188 
8,000 
12,667 
71,961 


£ 

871,888 

677,880 

75,000 

72,886 

6,600 

22,592 

817,820 


[See  Schools.] 

ELECTORAL  BILL.    [See  Constituttok.] 

EMANCIPISTS.  A  first  seneral  meeting 
of  emancipated  colonists  was  neld  to  petition 
His  Majesty  George  IV.  for  a  redress  of  their 
grievances.    The  grievances  complained  of  were 


90 


EMBABST— ESEGUTKXKra 


that  they  had  aoqoireA  and  had  hecane  pos- 
aesaed  of  property  in  the  ooUny,  and  that  rrem 
the  corameBoemeBt  of  the  ooieay  ntil  April, 
1690,  it  bad  been  reaolv«d  that  peraoaa  arrtTnig 
m  the  eolony  nnder  sentenee  of  tnmaportatign 
and  afterwards  obtaining  their  pardon,  mi^^ 
«Mcnrire  and  posaesa  landed  and  ether  property, 
and  enjoy  all  the  civil  ri|FhtB  ef  free  eitizeoa, 
hat  by  a  detemination  of  &e  Court  of  Kinff'a 
Bench,  and  acted  upon  by  the  civil  ooorts  of  &e 
colony,  that  conditional  and  ahaoiate  paxdona 
granted  by  governors  in  the  colony  were  of  no 
tfect  to  the  parties  holdin|^  them  in  restoring 
them  to  any  legal  entoyinent  of  any  civil  ri^t, 
vntil  their  namea  ahoald  be  ina«rted  m  aome 
general  pasdon  imder  theGveat  Seal  of  Englaiid; 
tiiey  haa  in  consequence  been  exposed  to  infinite 
prejudice  and  danger,  that  thia  atate  of  the  law 
offectod  a  very  considerable  part  of  the  property 
possessed  by  the  emigrant  coknista,  and  that  thia 
nad  been  derived  throng^  and  from  the  eman- 
cipists :  January  23,  1821. 

laiBASST,  YicroBiAK.    {See  Oohstitdtion.] 

EMBEZZLEMENTS.    [SeeCamm.] 


by  atom  an  the 

2,    104.    [ft 

and  waa  aitnsted  in 

otwoan   the  pntest 

uoaraa  8Dfecai.j 


EMIGRATION.  Great  number  of  pecaons 
emigrated  from  Now  South  Wales  to  Valpa- 
laiso,  1843. 

EPIDEMICS. 

Severe  epidemical  catanh  prevailed  throuEh- 
oat  the  colony ;  many  people,  whiteaand  UacKs, 
died  after  a  few  days  aufiering,  August,  IM). 

Whooping  cough  first  made  its  appearance 
in  the  colony,  TOing  introduced  by  tae  ahip 
"Morley,"  and  many  persons,  old  and  yoong, 
were  awept  off,  amongat  whom  was  the  son  of 
Governor  Darling,  March,  1828. 

The  ship  *' America,"  Captain  M'Dcmald, 
arrived  from  London  with  169  male  prisoners. 
In  consequence  of  measles  appearing  on  board, 
and  a  soldier  and  seven  prisoners  dying,  the 
vessel  was  put  in  quarantine,  August  16, 1629. 

The  ship  "  Minerva,"  with  285  immigrants, 
arrived  in  Tort  Jackson,  having^  typhus  fever  on 
board.  She  went  into  quarantme,  January  23, 
1636.  [The  paasengen  were  finfdly  relieved  on 
April  16th  following.  18  males  and  15  females 
dttd.] 

The  influenza  very  prevalent  in  the  colony,  it 
being  esthnated  that  no  less  than  10,000  persons 
were  afflicted,  many  of  whom  died,  1638. 

Scarlatina  made  its  first  appearance  in  Sydney 
and  prevailed  to  a  consideraole  extent,  a  large 
number  of  children  died,  1841. 

Asiatic  cholera  appeared  in  Melbourne,  1841. 
Measles  pzevaleirt   in   Victoria,    November, 
1874. 

[See  Small-fox.] 
ffiEUBKINE.    [See  MiLEFAxr.] 


BURffiCA  STOCKADE, 
of 

ahont 

Ballanit  Baat,   Vietaria, 

Bvreica,  Stawell,  Rodiar, 

[See  Riots.] 

EXECUTIONS. 

Thz  First  EacBcrmoir  in  Australia  wn  tint 
of  a  youth  ued  17,  named  James  Barrett^ 
executed  for  robbery  in  New  South  Wales,  Hudi 
6,  1786. 

EXI&40BDINART  FAILUmJE  OF. 

Joaaph  SunueU,  who,  on  Septamber  12, 
1603,  waa  tried  and  oonvicted  at  the  Crimiml 
SassMua  for  the  robbery  of  a  desk  contAiniiig 
BAmnr,  the  property  of  Mary  Breeae,  at  Sydbsr, 
was  thrice  suapended,  September  20, 1603.  [& 
cord  first  separated  in  the  midcUe,  and  the 
criminal  fell  prostrate ;  on  the  second  attempt 
the  rope  unrove  at  the  faatening,  and  he  agim 
came  to  the  ground  ;  and  the  third  time  being 
launched  off,  the  rope  again  snapped  short.  The 
Provost-Marshal  Mr.  Smith,  (a  man  universally 
respected)  compassionating  his  protracted  saffer- 
ing,  proceeded  to  Qovemment  House,  and 
represented  all  those  extraordinary  circom* 
stances  to  the  Governor,  who  was  pkastd  to 
reprieve  Samuels.] 

Places  or.  The  gallowa  in  Sydney  were  »• 
moved  in  1804  to  ihe  comer  of  Park  and  (Mb- 
reagh  streets,  where  the  Barley  Mow  pablie- 
house  now  stands ;  afterwards  erected  nearthe 
site  of  Barker's  Mills,  in  Sussex-street ;  agui 
on  the  eaat  comer  of  the  Protestant  bml 
ground,  near  SU'awberry  Hill ;  then  on  the  aasd 
hiUs  to  the  back  of  the  new  MtHtary  Bsmefcs; 
and  in  the  year  1820  to  the  old  Qam,  in  Lower 
Georse-street ;  and  finally  to  the  gate  of  ti» 
new  Gaol  at  Darlinghurst.  The  first  execution 
at  the  Darlmghurst  Gaol  took  place,  October29, 
1841. 

'LsT  or. 

New  South  Waiet. 

Styles,  for  murder  of  Thomas  Roberta,  ezeented  atS^- 

ney,  July  5, 1815. 
Nineteen  pri80iien(o«t  of  a«ranty-«lx  oupitelly  eowietod 

•t  lihe  Grtmiaal  SflHloiu)  «Mcatad  at  Sydsey,  Aigtut, 

1821. 

BlMk  Tommy,  aboriginal  native  of  BatSiuvt  HMM, 
fer  murder,  eaeoated  at  l^ney,  Bui— iber  SI,  VBB. 

JotaD  Holmes,  for  setting  4fe  to  a  bam  bekngiar  ^ 
Jamee  Bern,  executed  at  Sydney,  August  21, 1829. 

A  young  AeapenAOy  named  Tieraey,  17  yean  of  see. 
exe<mted  at  Sydney',  1830.  [Wben  on  the  aeaffohlje 
threw  tbe  execntMner  ^th  Mmaelf  to  the fvoBd; 
the  former,  being  much  bruised  by  the  faU,  eand 
acaroely  be  persuaded  to  proeeed  wiUi  his  doty.] 

A  soldier  of  the  89th  Regiment,  named  Bremian.  vidff 
sentence  by  a  Court-AUrtial,  ebot,  «t  Dames'  BattoTr 
Syte^,  April  6, 1882. 

mtchoock,  nmle,  Biiey,  Penr,  iones.  and  B3«t°][ 
assigned  servants  of  MaJcHrMudie,  for  being  oonoowd 
in  an  insurrection  at  "Castle  Forbes**  station.  exertW 
at  Sydmy,  Deoamber  U,  1884.  [Tbe  men  did  do| 
atten^tt  to  deny  their  afl«Boe.  but  penisted  in  ue 
statement  that  they  had  been  goaded  on  to  tb^ 
crime  by  the  ^rraimy  and  Ill-treatment  nMdttiheflmL 
been  subject  to  on  the  station.    A  OommiwioB  •>! 


EXEcmojra 


91 


■Moiitadto  iaquige  Into  the  tiwlMWM^  tbe  wilt 

Vtiag  a  ooodcmxuitioD  of  th«  mode  In  wAAch  the 
eucMdeBrmBts ««ra dmH «tth  at  *<OHUe  Foi^ee," 
ud  Major  Muilie  wu  atoMk  ool  of  th»Cmmaimi»n  of 

EBnartin,  for  JBivder,  ■■— iitod  «t  4EI!|MdMy,  M^  11. 
KU. 

Mm  Jenkins,  for  mmder  of  Dr.  fTudell,  eaooiited  at 

%dncT.  Novomber  M,  ttM. 
Tbomu  'TaterwUiIe,  for  miuder  of  Dr.  Wwddl,  exe- 

coled  St  Qydtaqy,  November  10, 18S4. 
Wa.  Morris,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bydnmr,  Neirem- 

tar90,16a». 
Joseph  SamMlers,  for  murder  and  robberr,  exeeded  at 

9ydaey,  Vovember  »,  1SB9. 
Pieter  Scollion,  for  murder  and  robbery,  eseeuted  at 

Sidney,  November  16, 1880. 
Gcorse  Carqy,  for  having  stolen  property  fa  pooMBion, 

■scaled  at  Sydney,  Ma««mber«,  ltt9. 
Gaufge  Gwrnan,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney,  No- 

f«bsr»,18SB. 
Ueuader  Telford,  for  murder  and  having  flreaRm,  &c, 

«tseuied  at  Sydney,  November  29, 1S». 
JuMB  Davis,  for  murder  and  having  fliiwimii,  tie.,  exe- 

wiedatnjdii/,  November  S»,  1880. 
Usvdl;n  PoveU,  for  aairier,  execiited  at  Oydatj,  No- 
vember »,  1839. 
lames  Lynch,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney,  Novem- 

tar  ».  1888. 
Charies  Clipp,  for  miuder,  exoooted  at  Mbiey,  Kovem- 

tar»,1888. 
AicUbsU  Taylor,  lor  felony,  wecBled  at  Sydney,  Netvem- 

ber29, 1839. 
John  Host,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney,  March  10, 

1840. 
Hundss  Whitton,  for  muvder  and  anon,  executed  at 

Sidney.  March  10, 1840. 
aodi  finulloy,  for  murdor»  exeentedat  Sydnm',  Deoem- 

b«rll,1840. 
^^moMa  hegg,  tor  npe,  executed  at  Sydney,  Deeember 

11.1840. 
ViOam  Newman,  for  uMuder,  executed  at  Sydnmr, 

I>eeBBaber8,1840. 
Jsmes  Martin,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sjrdney,  Decem- 
ber 8, 1840. 
Janes  Mason,  for  being  an  acoeeeoty  to  murder,  executed 

U  Sydney,  December  8, 1840. 
Miflhsel  ffinnigan,  lor  nuvder,  eqaeewted  at   Moey, 

SecoBber  11, 1840. 
U  Davis,  Robt.  CUtty,  Jm.  Everett,  iohn  Shea,  John 

MsniMa.  Jae.  Sryant,  and  Biohd.  OhnvOle  were  part 

of  what  were  tenaed  the  Jew  Boy's  Gai^  (Davis  being 

*e  Jew  Boy),  wbo  for  neariy  twelve  montbs  had  kept 

the  lesideDls  of  the  Hunter  River  district  in  terror  by 

mimeroua  daring  outrages  and  murders.    They  were 

«aouted  fin  Sydn^,  Maroh  16, 1841. 
Michael  Bradley,  for  mufder,  axeenied  at  Meweastle, 

N.aW.,  April  5, 1841. 
AMek  Ciunn,  a  notorions  buahiangei,  for  themrder 

of  so  overseer,  executed  jit  Berrima,  October  SI,  1841. 

Osom  Stniud  and  Robert  Hudson,  for  murder,  executed 

at  Berrima,  October  29, 1841. 
Htrick  CBearham,  executed  at  Berrima,  April  22, 1642. 

Mm  Lynch,  or  Dunleary,  for  the  murder  of  Landregan ; 
be  confessed  to  having  committed  seven  other  mur- 
ders ;  exeentedat  Benfana,  April  22, 1842. 

Ibrtin  Beedi,  lormnunder,  executed  at  Benjua,  Ootober 
22,1842. 

iMoetia  Dnakley,  lor  mmder,  ewiunlnd  at  Benima, 
Ootober  22, 1842. 

uouM  Becner,  for  mnsder,  exeonled  at  Newcastle, 
Korember  K>,  184S. 

Oeoige  Wilson,  shooting  a'lth  intent,  executed  at  Kew- 
tt<tle,184S. 

^^ntfs  Fofi'eeter,  for  mnider,  executed  at  Newcastle, 
1848. 

Helville  (aboris^nal),  for  murder,  oieented  at  New- 
castle. 1848. 

OHTy  (aborigmal),  for  narder,  oxaeated>at  Neweastle, 
1848. 

IWnmitahio  (aboriginal),  for  murder,  exeouted  at 
i^wt  MMQuasie.  1843. 

Benjamin  Harris,  for  murder,  eKaeuted  at  Port  Mac- 
Msrie,1844. 

■uy  Tb<nnton,  for  murder,  eueonled  at  Port  Mac- 
quarie,  1844. 


Joseph  Vale,  ler  mnder,  exeonfcod  at  Port  Maoiinari^ 

1844. 
Benjamin  Stanley,  tor  mnrder,  eopecated  at  P»rt  iiac- 

quarie,  1844. 
John  Kawtchbidl,  «er  mm^der  of  Mn.  Jamemn, 


at  Sydney,  Februan'  IS,  1844. 
eniy  At' 


rdney,  r 


for  murder,  < 


atiriiiilem.QcWber 

at  Sydney,  Fehmary 


Jehn  Vfiddall,  for  mmder,  e 

7,1845. 
John  Ahem,  for  monrder,  executed  at  Sydney,  August 

12,1848. 
Jmnes  FitnaMflk,  Isr  nwder,  •eaeented  at  NewoasUe, 

1845. 
intHsm  Shea,  for  murder,  exoooted  at  Mnwesstle,  1816. 
Patrick  Ryan,  for  murder,  executed  at  Newcastle,  1848. 

Oharies  Henry  Mackie,  for  rape,  exeouted  at  BattaniBt^ 

November  10, 1848. 
WHHam  i^^,  for  murder,  executed  at  S^rdney,  July  4, 

1848. 
Robert  Walsh,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathunt,  Ootober 

26,1849. 
Geo^  Waters  Ward,  for  murder,  executed  at  Now- 

castle,  1849. 
WHUam  Haves,  for  murder,  executed  at  NewoasUe,  1660L 
James  WheOan,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney,  No- 

tember  5, 1860. 
Mago  (aboriginal),  for  mnrder,  exeeutad  at  Sydney, 

November  5, 1800. 
Michael  Golllhanee  ialioM  Mickey-bad-English)  for  npe, 

executed  at  NeweasUe,  1851. 
Thomas  Wflmore,  for  mnrder,  executed  at  Bstfauis^ 

April  14, 1662. 
Thomas  F.  Qreen,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney, 

September  21, 1862. 
Timothy  Sullivan,  for  murder,  executed  at  Batlnint» 

September  80, 1862. 
Newma  (ChineseX  for  murder,  executed  at  Battaunt, 

September  80, 1862. 
Patrick  Macnomam,  for  murder,  executed  at  Neweastle, 

November  8, 1882. 
Patrick  M'Oarthy,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bsthurst, 

April  11, 1858. 
Paddy  (aboriginal!  for  mpe,  executed  at  Bathurst,  April 

11,1658. 
Daniel  Thomas  Gardner,  for  murder,  executed  at  Msit- 

land,  Felbruavy  28, 1864. 
James  M'Laughlin,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathunt, 

April  25, 1^. 
Billy  Palmer,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathurst,  April 

25,1854. 
James  Tabbott,  for  murder,  executed  at  Qoulbum,  May 

80,1864. 
Christopher  Walsh,  for  murder,  executed  at  MaKlend, 

August  28, 1854. 
Samuel  Wilcox,  for  murder,  exeeuted  at  Sydn^,  July 

5, 1855. 
Vary  A.  Brownlow,  for  murder,  exeeuted  at  Qoulbum, 

Ootober  11, 1856. 
Addison  Mitchell,  for  mnrder,  exeouted  at  Bathurst, 

M^  7, 1857. 
Homy  Ounan,  for  mpe,  executed  at  Bathunt,  May  7, 

1887. 
Patridc  Walrii,  for  murder,  executed  Ck>ulbnni,  No- 

vember  4, 1857. 
James  "Moyes,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney,  Sep- 
tember 7, 1868. 
John  Arrow,  for  mnrder,  executed  at  Bathunt,  May  11, 

1869. 
William  Martin  tUioM  Thomas  Ryan,  robbery  with  fire- 
arms, and  nme,  exeouted  at  Bathant,  May  11, 1869. 
John  Scabby  Harry,  lor  mpe,  exeouted  at  Ooulbum, 

May  18, 1869. 
John  Norris,  for  rape,  executed  at  Sydney,  July  22, 1868. 

Robert  Davis,  for  nuuder,  exeouted  at  Bathurst,  No- 
vember 8,  1859. 

Frederick  darke,  for  mmder,  executed  at  €NNilbani, 
May  8, 1660. 

BUen  Monks,  lor  ma-der,  eaecutod  at  Gkmlbum,  Msgr  8, 
1860. 

William Ooodssn, for mntder, exeootedat  Sydney, Iby 
16,1860. 

John  Jones,  fbrnmrder,  exeonted  at  MsiUsnd,  November 
15,  1800.  . 

Harry  ^^Miriginal),  for  murder,  execntod  at  Ifidthmd, 
September  10, 1861. 


92 


EXECUTIONS. 


'^Ulam  Johiutone,  for  rape,  exeeated  ftt  Goulbom, 
December  8, 180L 

John  Peialey,  for  muider,  exeeated  ftt  BaUnust)  Aprfl 
26,1862. 

Jackey  Bull  (aboriginal),  for  murder,  executed  at 
BathuTBt,  April  25, 1882. 

John  Smith  aUaa  Began,  for  stealing  goUl  and  stabbing, 
executed  at  Goulbum,  May  6, 1802. 

Henry  Kane,  for  murder,  executed  at  Ooulbum,  liay  6, 
1862. 

Benjamin  Allerton,  for  robbery  with  anna,  executed  at 
Goulbum  Mav  5. 1862. 

Jadcey  (aboriginal),  for  rape,  executed  at  Bathunt, 
October  23, 1862. 

Alexander  Roes,  for  robbery  and  wounding,  executed  at 
Sydney,  March  18, 186S. 

Charles  Boss,  for  robbery  and  wounding,  executed  at 
Sydney,  March  18, 1863. 

William  Marcus,  for  robbery  and  wounding,  executed  at 
Sydney,  March  26, 1863. 

Charles  Robaay,  for  murder,  executed  at  Goulbum,  May 
18, 1863. 

Mah<nnmet  Cassen,  for  murder,  executed  at  Goulbum, 
May  23, 1863. 

Henry  Wilson,  for  murder,  executed  at  Maitland,  August 
8,1868. 

Thomas  M*Oann,  for  wounding  with  intent,  executed  at 
Sydney,  February  1, 1864. 

James  Stewart,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathurst)  No- 
vember 22, 1864. 

Geoige  Gibson  aliat  Faddy  Tom,  for  mail  robbery  and 
mmder.  executed  at  BaUiurst,  May  20, 1865. 

Ah  Lun,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathui8t»  November 
21, 186& 

Sam  Poo,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathurst,  December 
19,1866. 

John  Dunn,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney,  March  19, 
1866. 

Michael  Grem,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney,  June 
11,1866. 

Charles  Croolcwell,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney, 
July  2, 186& 

Spider  (aboriginalX  for  rape,  executed  at  Bathurst,  No- 
vember 26, 1866. 

Michael  Maher  aUa$  Murray,  for  murder,  executed  at 
Bathurst,  December  3, 1866. 

Henry  Sues,  for  murder,  executed  at  Goulbum,  De- 
cember 10, 1866. 

William  H.  Soott,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney, 
March  18, 1867. 

WUliam  Peters,  for  assault  with  intent)  executed  at 
Bathurst,  June  10, 1867. 

John  Clarke,  for  wounding  with  intoit,  executed  at 
Sydney,  June  26, 1867. 

Thomas  Clarke,  for  wounding  with  intent,  executed  at 
Sydney,  June  26, 1867. 

O'fWrell,  H.  Jv  for  shooting  H.R.H.  Prince  Alfired,  at 
the  Sfdior's  Home  Picnic,  March  12, 1868,  at  Clontarf, 
Middle  Harbour,  Sydney.  New  South  Wales,  was 
executed  at  Sydney,  April  21, 1868.  [O'Farrell  shot 
His  Royal  Highness  in  the  back,  uid  with  a  second 
shot,  before  he  could  be  seized,  wounded  Mr.  Thome 
in  the  foot  His  trial  took  place  before  Mr.  Justice 
Cheeke,  on  the  80th  and  3l8tof  the  same  montii.  when 
sentence  of  death  was  passed  upon  him.  He  was 
executed  at  Darlinghurst  Gaol  on  April  21, 186&] 

Bobert  Barnes,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathurst,  May 

26,1868. 
John  M'Kervett,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathurst,  May 

26.1868. 
William  Munday  eUiat  Collins,  for  murder  (Conroy  Gap), 

executed  at  Goulbum,  June  2, 1868. 
Ah  Sim,  for  murder,  executed  at  Bathurst,  November 

24, 186& 
Bobert  Campbell  aliat  Palmer,  for  murder  (Pohlman 

Brothers),  executed  at  Wagga  Wagga,  October  6, 1870. 
Ghong  Oow,  for  murder,  executed  at  Deniliquin,  June 

6,1871. 
Michael  M'Mahon,  for  murder,  executed  at  Miutland, 

October  21, 187L 
Thomas  Kelly,  for  feloiuouB  assault^  executed  at  Sydney, 

January  2, 1872. 
John    Conn    aliat   Coins,  for  murder,  executed  at 

Bathurst,  June  4, 1872. 
Mlliam  MKTrow,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sydney,  April 

8,1872. 


Thomas  Seooroe,  for  murder,  exeeated  at  Sydney,  AprQ 
8,1872. 

Oeoige  Robert  NichoIIa,  for  murder  at  Psnamatte  Birer, 
executed  at  Sydn^,  June  18, 1872. 

Alfred  Lyster,  aliat  Froude,  for  murder  at  Aminitte 
River,  executed  at  Sydney.  June  18, 1872. 

William  Krauss,  for  murder  of  G^tsin  LongBHiir, 
executed  at  Sydney,  July  1, 1873. 

Henry  Y.  Jarvis,  for  murdw,  executed  at  Sydney,  De- 
cember 28, 1873. 

John  Hawthorne,  for  attempt  to  murder,  exeeated  at 
Goulbum,  May  19, 1874. 

John  Glover,  for  murder,  executed  atOouIbora,  Hay  19, 
1874. 

Gottleb  Eichbom,  for  rape,  executed  at  Aimidale,  Jane 
23,1874. 

John  M*Grath,  for  murdw,  executed  at  Sydney,  Sep- 
tember 14,  1875l 

George  RopA,  for  murder,  executed  at  Mudgee,  Decem- 
ber 7, 187& 

Oeoige  Pitt,  for  murder,  executed  at  Mudgee,  Jnne  21, 
1876. 

Michael  Connolly,  for  murder,  executed  at  Mudgee, 
June  28, 1876. 

Daniel  Boon,  for  shooting  with  intent  (Alexaoder 
M*Mahon),  executed  at  Wagga  Wagga,  April  6.  1876l 

Ah  Chong,  for  murder,  executed  at  Sidney,  April  18, 
1876. 

Thomas  Newman,  convicted  of  murder,  exeeated  at 
Dubbo,  April  6,  1877. 

Peter  Murdick  aliat  Peter  Higgins,  convicted  of  murder 
of  Heniy  Flood,  executed  at  Wagga  Wagga,  October 
4,1877. 

Jfeto    Zealand, 

Mokomoko,  Mlckacre  Kiremanga,  Heremit^  and 
Horomona  Poropite,  or  Solomon  the  Prophet, 
four  Maories,  for  the  murder— through  heathen  fana- 
ticism-of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Volkner,  Mr.  FuHood,  and 
others,  executed  at  Auckland,  New  Zealand,  Hay, 
1866.  ^ 

Thomas  Kelly,  aliat  Noon,  Richard  Buigess,  aHu  HiQ, 
and  Phillip  Levy,  executed  in  Nelson  Gaol,  October  5, 
186& 

Qutendand. 

Thomas  John  Griffin,  Gold  Commlsdoner,  for  the  maidef 
of  troopers  John  Francis  Power  and  Patrick  Williun 
Oahill,  executed  at  Rockhampton,  June  1, 1868.  [Griffia 
robbed  the  gold  escort  In  charge  of  these  troopen  after 
murdering  them  on  the  Mackenzie  River.] 

Palmer  and  Williams,  for  the  murder  of  Hallisan  a 
storekeeper,  executed  at  Rockhampton,  November  21, 
1860.  . 

Arthibald,  executed  at  Rockhampton,  for  marder  of 
Halligan,  December  22,  1869. 

William  Brown  aliat  Bertram,  for  wounding  Mr.  Baker, 
and  for  robbery  imder  arms,  executed  at  Toovoomba 
Gaol,  April  20, 187a  [He  was  a  native  of  Gemanr. 
and  came  to  South  Australia  at  12  years  of  age;  «» 
a  reputed  horse-stealer  in  New  South  Wales.] 

Cunningham  executed  at  Brisbane  Gaol,  January  14, 1S78. 

Victoria. 

George  Melville,  George  Wilson,  and  William  Atkins, 
for  the  M'lvor  escort  robbery,  executed,  1852. 

James  Condon,  John  Dixon,  Alfred  H.  Jackson, 
convicted  November  19,  18&6,  of  highway  robberr 
with  violence,  on  Mr.  Rutherford,  near  fiallarat  Took 
£1600  from  hfan.  Kept  Geelong  and  Ballarat  road  in 
terror  for  a  time ;  executed  at  Helboume,  Norember 
24,1866.  ^    . 

Chong  Sing  Hang  T^an,  for  murder  of  Sophia  Usva, 
whflst  in  a  state  of  intoxicaUon.  Robbed  her  of  a  lai^ 
amount  of  money  and  Jewels,  1856  ;  executed  at  Ma- 
bourne,  September  2,1857.  „ 

John  Mason.  Killed  his  mate  with  an  axe  near  Ballan; 
was  found  burning  the  body  (which  he  had  previonsiT 
cut  to  i^ecesX  near  his  hut  Executed  November  «» 
1867. 

William  Jones,  Edward  Brown.  Robbery  witb  viotenee. 
Executed  at  Melboume,  March  1, 1858. 

Geoige  Robinson.  Murdered  hia^wife  bv  throwing  ber 
down  a  hole  at  Castlemaine.  Executed  at  Melboantf, 
March  16, 1868. 


EX£CnTION& 


93 


Edvud  OMdMina,  oUom  John  Nelson.  Mmder  of  John 
Armrtrong,  at  Long  OoUy,  executed  at  Melbourne, 
March  10. 1868. 

Oven  H*9ueeD7.  For  murder  of  EUabeth  Lowe,  near 
Geelong,  executed  at  Melbourne,  October  20, 1858.  [At 
the  execution  of  Uiia  criminal  a  woman  applied  for  per- 
minioii  to  bare  her  hands  "  streaked  over''  with  the 
hands  of  the  dead  man.] 

Simael  Oibbe,  George  Thompson.  Murder  of  Mr.  Ander- 
loo  St  BaDant,  executed  at  Melbourne,  Norember  0, 
1858. 

Edward  mtchoodc  Murdered  his  wife  at  Strathlodden, 
ezecnted  at  OMtlemaine,  Norember  23, 1858. 

QmAian  Von  See.  Murder  of  his  mate,  countryman 
aad  benefactor  Leoman,  a  puddler  at  the  Terricks,  Ben- 
digo,  executed  at  Melbourne  November  29, 1875. 

Thooai  Ryan.  Fw  murder  of  L.  Hartw^,  a  gardener  at 
Indvo,  executed  April  11.  1869.  [Ryan  shot  him  to 
obtain  £14,  the  proauoe  of  his  day's  sale  of  vegetables ; 
was  ongiuJly  sent  out  as  a  convict  on  board  the 
"Cdcutta,"  hi  1808.  Afterwards  returned  to  England 
from  whidi  he  sailed  as  an  emigrant.] 

George  Chamberlain,  for  murder  of  Mr.  Cornelius 
Oreen,  at  Omeo,  and  William  Armstrong,  shooting  with 
intent  to  murder  Joseph  Oreen,  executed  July  12, 1859. 
[Tlie  first  criminal  shot,  and  the  latter  tomahawked 
the  dying  man.] 

WUliam  Siddons.  For  rape,  at  Pleasant  Creek,  on  a 
chiJd  eight  years  old,  attended  with  circumstances  of 
peculiar  atrocity,  executed  November  7, 1870. 

Henry  Brown.  For  murder  of  his  mate,  executed  Novem- 
ber 21^  187C.  This  (coloured)  man,  was  formerly  a 
dave  in  Majrrlazid,  whence  he  escaped  to  Canada.  He 
murdered  hia  mate  in  a  fit  (»r  passion  while  both  were 
at  vtHt  in  a  drire. 

George  Waines.  For  murder  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hunt,  of 
Chiterton,  executed  July  16,  18i0.  [A  well-to-do 
brmer,  possessed  of  £1,400,  in  order  to  save  some£60he 
owed  hJsvicUms,  murdered  them  and  then  buried  their 
bodies,  and  eight  months  afterwards  disinterred  them 
and  bomtMrs.  Hunt's  body  to  cinders.  The  male  body 
be  pat  in  a  sack  and  threw  it  intoa  pond.  He  confessed 
to  a  detective  who  had  been  put  into  a  cell  with  him, 
and  who  persuaded  the  murderer  he  was  a  fellow 
pnsona*.] 

Edward  Fentoo.  For  murder,  executed  August  20, 
I860. 

John  McDonald.  For  murder  of  his  wife  at  Ironbark 
Guliy,  Bendigo,  whilst  in  delirium  tremens.  Knew 
nothing  of  his  crime  till  told  by  his  little  girl';  executed 
September  S,  1860. 

William  Smith.  Drowned  his  wife  in  a  waterhole,  near 
Beechworth,  executed  April  22,  1861.  [ITie  nlj^t  be- 
fore hia  execution  he  attempted  to  cut  his  own  throat 
with  a  small  piece  of  razor,  which  he  mansged  to  con- 
ceal in  the  lining  of  his  shoe.] 

Henrr  Gooley.  For  murder  of  his  wife,  executed  at 
MeRwame,  July  11,  186L  [Made  a  confession  to  an- 
other priacnoer.] 

Kathaniel  Horatio  Ruby.  Killed  his  mate  by  striking 
bim  with  a  piece  of  quarts,  executed  at  Melbourne, 
Aogiist  6, 186L 

Martin  Rice.  Murder,  executed  at  Melbourne,  Septem- 
ber 20, 186L 

Thomas  SuidersL  Forrapeon  a  servant  in  the  familv  of 
Mr.  Cropley,  a  termer  In  Keilor  Pbuns ;  an  atrodous 
case.  His  aooomplioe  Johnson's  sentence  ocnnmuted  to 
hard  labour  for  life.  Sanders  was  an  old  **flogger"  at 
Norfolk  Island ;  executed  at  Melbourne,  October  81, 
186L 

Samuel  Pollet  For  rape  on  a  child  of  his  own,  aged  11, 
executed  at  Melbourne,  December  29,  1862.  [He  was 
preriously  worth  £4.000.] 

Thomas  MXtoe.  Muroer  of  a  miner  named  Brown  at 
Sandhurst,  executed  at  Melbourne,  February  19, 1868. 

Junes  Murphy.  Murder  of  Constable  0*BoyIe  at  Warr- 
mmbool,  executed  at  Oeelong,  November  6, 1863.  [The 
executioner  sent  from  Mellx>ume  to  Oeelong  was  an 
old  mate  of  the  criminal,  and  was  somuch  affected  that 
he  had  difficulty  to  perform  his  duty.] 

I^Tjd  Qedge,  Julian  Cross,  EUxabeth  Scott  At  the  in- 
stigation of  the  woman  the  two  men  murdered  her 
husband  Robert  Scott,  a  refreshment  tent-keeper  near 
Kansfleld,  whilst  lying  in  bed  with  delirium  tremene ; 
executed  at  Beechworth,  November  11, 1868.     This 


bdng  the;lrrt  and  only  execution  of  a  female  in  Yio- 
toria  fears  of  a  disturbuice  were  entertained,  leading 
to  the  execution  of  the  three  taking  place  haJx-an-hour 
before  the  time  publiclv  announced.] 

James  Barratto^MM  Birmingham.  Hacked  Mrs.  Elisabeth 
Beckinsale  to  pieces  with  a  tomahawk  in  her  own  house 
at  Woodstock,  for  the  sake  of  £6,  a  silver  watch  and  a 
pair  of  boots,  executed  at  Melbourne,  December  1. 
1868. 

Alexander  Davis.  Murder  of  Oeorge  Sims  at  Smythes- 
dale,  executed  at  Melbourne,  Februanr  29, 1864. 

Samuel  Woods,  William  Cower.  Robbery  in  oompanv 
and  shooting  with  intent  to  murder,  executed  at  Mel- 
bourne, August  8, 1864. 

Christopher  Hiarrison.  Murder  of  his  partner  Marsh, 
executed  at  Melbourne,  August  8, 1864.  [lliey  were 
oontraetors;  Marsh  delayed  certain  payments;  Hu- 
rison  thought  his  good  name  lost,  and  shot  his  partner 
at  the  back  of  thePublic  Works  office.  Oreat  exertions 
were  made  to  obtain  a  respite  on  the  ground  of 
"  emotional  madness."] 

John  Staoey  aliae  Michael  Staoey.  Murder  of  a  child 
named  luodonell,  executed  at  Melbourne,  September 
6, 1866.  [The  boy  was  son  of  a  woman  who  lived  wi^ 
Stacey,  and  the  brute  in  revenge  for  having  been  beaten 
by  another  man  took  the  boy  out  of  a  bed  where  he 
was  sleeping  with  four  of  Staoey's  own  children  and 
threw  him  down  the  water  closet.] 

Josnth  Brown.  For  murder  of  Emanuel  Jacobs,  at  the 
Wnittlngton  Tavern,  Bourke-street,  executed  at  Md- 
boume.  May  1, 1865. 

Pierre  Doteellaere.  For  murder  in  Latrobe-street,  of 
Catherine  Sarah  Jacobs,  his  paramour,  who  was  about 
to  be  married  to  another  man,  executed  at  Melbourne, 
July  6, 1866. 

David  Young.  For  murder  of  a  young  married  woman, 
named  Oraham,  at  Daylesford,  her  husband  being  away 
on  his  nlght-sUft,  executed  at  Oastlemaine,  August 
21. 1866.  rOn  the  scaffold  Young  denied  his  guiltTbut 
suDsequenUy  abundant  evidence  was  given  that  he  had 
been  the  peroetrator  of  many  crimes  besides  that  for 
which  he  suffered.] 

Thomas  Mendid  alia*  Yankee  Tbm.  For  murder  of  James 
Sweeney,  executed  at  Oeelong,  October  28, 1865.  [Be- 
fore capture  he  fired  four  shots  at  the  police,  but  idth- 
out  effect] 

Patrick  Sheehan.  For  murder,  executed  at  Melbourne, 
November  6, 1866. 

Poy  Long.  For  murder,  executed  at  Melbourne,  March 
10,1866. 

James  Jones.  For  murder,  executed  at  Melbourne, 
March  19. 186& 

Robert  Burke  aliOB  M'Clusky.  Notorious  N.  S.  W.  bush- 
ranger. Passing  through  Yictoria  back  to  his  old 
haunts  at  Diamond  Creek,  he  got  some  refreshment 
at  house  of  Mr.  Hurst ;  at  some  fancied  insult  of  the 
son,  H.  F.  Hurst,  he  deliberately  shot  him ;  executed 
at  Melbourne,  November  29, 1866. 

Denis  Murphy.  Murder,  executed  at  Melbourne,  April 
17,  1867. 

John  Kelly.  For  unnatural  offence,  executed  at  Mel- 
bourne, May  4, 1867. 

—  Duffers.  For  n^  on  his  own  daughter,  executed  at 
Castlemalne,  May  22, 1867. 

William  Henrj-  Terry.  Murder  of  his  mate  Peter  Roddick 
at  the  Coliban,  executed  at  Oastlemaine,  July  81, 1867. 

Joseph  Ballan  and  Oeorge  Searle.  Murder  of  Mr.  Alick 
Burke,  manager  of  the  Bank  of  Australasia,  Smythes- 
dale,  executed  at  Ballarat,  August  7, 1867.  [They  left 
the  dead  body  in  a  sitting  posiuon  in  the  buggy.] 

Joseph  Whelan  and  Bernard  Cunningham.  Murder, 
executed  March  81, 186& 

John  Hogan.  Murder  of  Martin  Rooney  at  Bulloe^ 
Creek,  executed  at  Castlemalne,  August  14, 1868.  [He 
killed  Rooney  in  his  own  tent  with  a  luunmer,  and 
stole  some  £200.] 

Michael  Flannigan.  Murder  of  Sergeant  Hull,  at  Hamil- 
ton ;  executeidat  Melbourne,  March  81. 1860.  [Dressed 
for  death  in  his  old  mounted  police  uniform.]  .«*^  ^r 

James  Ritson.  For  murder  of  Uie  Rev.  Mr.  Hill,  a* 
Pentridge,  executed  at  Melbourne,  August  8,  1869. 
[Had  b^  sentenced  to  death  for  shooting  at  a  Market 
Inspector  named  Kinsella ;  the  sentence  was  commuted 
to  imprisonment  for  life.  Mr.  Hill  went  to  see  him  in 
the  usual  oouise  of  his  prison  duties.] 


u 


EXHTBinOirB*— EXPLOSION. 


Aanie 


JsDBM Smilh.     Mmtdm  olhkwife, axMOlod  ■*  BMdi- 

worth,  N«v«BlMr  U,  I88O1 
Ab    Pew.    Violattim  md  anvdtr  of 

Hunt,  a  chil(fta80d07wn,aliOliDlii«% 

boiBae,  Mavcb  »,  I86B1 
SMriokSmUfa.    MiBKl6rofhi*wifoaiBo(lnv»«Meirted 

a  MdlwuiM,  August  4, 1870. 
ABdww  Viir.     Mwder  of  Amos  Oheiat,  •zMOtid  at 

Ararat,  August  16, 1870. 
James  Coifcli.    Barbaroosmarderof  hiswIleatGookT's 

Creek,  eMCoted  at  Helbousne,  August  90, 187a 
James  Seeiy.    Mnrder  ol  his  mate  Augasl»Tepiv,  a* 

Gnn*,  executed  at  Melbousae,  NwemberlA,  187a 
James  Quinii.     Murder  of  Ah  Obw  ;   died  pnleskiag 

famoeesce ;  executed  at  Beechwerth,  Nov.  10, 187L 
FMriek  Oeury.    Harder  ol  Thomas  Brookhousa^  i»  Feb- 

ruaij,  18M.atOoiae;  his  wttawasasqoMad;  eiveum- 

slantial  evkienee  aad  oonf esskm ;  when  ssnteacsd  to 


death  ssMt,  **Amen!  th^is  the  last  of  poos  Patrick"; 
exaeuted  at  Melbottine,  Doesmber  4, 1871. 

Edward  Freny.  Murder  of  Charles  Msahs  hi  the  IVeaaiiry 
QaideM  in  March,  1872 ;  execntad  at  Melbourne,  May 
14, 1872.  [A  shigiiiac  caa^  h»  whieh.  other  crhnea  were 
hivolTad] 

JamoBWittdsL  Murder  of  Hemy  PraAom,  a*  Cu^larfbrd, 
executed  at  Chattonaine,  May  20, 1872. 

SMaual  Wright  A  convict,  attenapted  mosdor  ol 
executed  at  CaaUemaioe,  March  11, 1871. 

IliemaaBndy,  James  Smith.  Musder  of  Mr.  IVIattof 
Woragea,  exenited  at  Beeshworth,  May  12,  lavS. 

Pierie  Borirau.  Murder  of  Mra.  Sndth  at  Ihiagawio  Fiat» 
Sandhutat,  who  ke|>t  a  pubUe  house  where  he  siwnt 
moat  of  ms  aains:  ai<wnt»od  at  Oistlsmaina.  Mar  20. 
1878. 

Oscar  WaHaoe  (NegroX  Bape  at  Mooat  Beckwtth, 
executed  at  Baliarat,  August  11,  1873.  [Ahaideued 
rufllaii  who  danced  a  Jig  the  night  before  hia  execution.] 

Ah  QaX  (Chinese).  Murder,  executed  at  Ghstlemaine, 
August  0, 187S. 

Ah  Gaa  (Chinese).  Murder  of  his  mate  atVaughan,  near 
BCaiyborough ;  executed  atMelbourne.  AugustSO,  1876. 

Henry  Howard.  Murder  of  Elizabeth  Wright,  of  Fkanks- 
ton,  executed  at  Melbourne,  October  4,  1876. 

John  Weechurch,  real  name  John  Taylor.  Muidewjus 
assault  on  Wardsr  Moran  with  the  iron  handle  of  a  tub 
sharpened  at  both  ends,  whilst  undergoing  a  asntenoe  at 
Pentridge  ;  executed  at  Melbourne,  December  6, 1876. 
[On  tiie  scalTold  he  sold  he  had  l)een  a  profesrional 
thief  for  years,  and  had  never  known  a  thief  die  wmth 
a  shining.  He  had  been  '*  In  trouble"  since  1860.  This 
maa  was  a  deq;)  scoundrel.] 

Basllio  Bondietto.  Murder  at  Sandy  Creek  of  Chris 
Comisto  his  mate  on  September  4,  1870 ;  executed  at 
Melbourne,  December  6,  1870.  [Circumstantial  evi- 
dence ;  l^r  Geoige  Stephen  f omudly  protested  wainst 
his  execution,  and  a  public  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Town  Hall  two  days  before  and  a  petition  presented  to 
the  Oovemor,  but  the  Chblnet  stood  ftrm.] 

John  Duffus.  Rape  on  his  own  children ;  executed  at 
Oastlemaine,  May  22, 1870. 

James  Aslie.  Bape  aad  asmult  on  Mrs.  Beeoe,  of 
Burmmbeet ;  executed  at  Melbourne,  August  21, 1878i 
[Had  no  knowledge  of  a  Creator  or  any  religloD ;  had 
lived  the  life  of  an  ignorant  herd^boy.    Died  penitent  ] 

William  Ha^^nss.  Murder  of  his  wife  near  Fnnkstoa ; 
executed  at  Mellxninie,  Marda  1, 1877. 

NimBBa  or  iv  V.&W.,  from  1825  to  1677  (inclusive.) 
1825,  9 ;  1828,  21 ;  1827,  29 ;  1820,  no  return ;  1829, 
52 ;  1830,  50;  1831,  82 ;  1832,82  ;  1833,  31 ;  1834,  44 ; 
1885,  40 ;  1836,  26 ;  1837, 12 ;  1838, 10 ;  1839. 22  ;  1840, 
8 ;  1841,  16  ;  1842,  24 ;  1848, 9  ;  1844,  8 ;  184A,  3 ;  1846, 
1 ;  1847,  8  ;  1848,  9  ;  1849,  4 ;  1860,  4 ;  1851,  2  ;  1862, 
6;  1853,  2;  1854,  6 ;  1855,  6;  1856,  nil ;  1867,  4  ;  1858, 
1 ;  1850,  7 ;  1860,  5 ;  1861,  2  ;  1802,  6 ;  1868,  6  ;  1864, 
2  ;  1865,  3 ;  1866,  6  ;  1867,  4  ;  1868,  6  ;  1809,  nil ; 
1870,  nil;  1871,3;  1872,  8;  1878,  4;  1874,  8;  1876, 
2  ;  1876,  4  ;  1877,  2.    Total,  654. 

N.B.— Port  FhilHp  aenamted  from  K«w  Seuth  Wales  in 
1851 ;  Queenabuid,  hi  1860.    [;SEeiCuiim] 

EXHIBITIONS. 

Opening  of  New  South  Wale*e:diibits  for  the 
Pans  Exhibition,  at  Sydney,  by  Sir  Charles 
Fitzroy,  1854;  first  Viotcwia&ExhibttioBy  opened 


DeoeiAbOr  17,  1854;  fisii 
tion  opened,  October  29, 1861  ;  seoood  YiotonaD 
Ezhilntiop,  opened  Octoder  1,  1861 ;  NewZea^ 
Isad  Eshibitioa  opened  at  Danedh^  Janaary  12, 
1806 ;  third  Victorian  Ezhibitioii,  omened  October 
24,  1866;  opening  of  Intercolonial  Exhibitioa  at 
Sydney,  Now  South  Waies»  Angnat,  1870; 
openinff  of  Tntwuiiunisl  Eidiibition,  Mclbouae, 
1872 ;  New  Sonth  Walea  Intercolonial  Exlu- 
bition  opened  by  Sir  Hercolea  Bobiasoa,  Afril 
3^  1873;  openinff  at  Melfcofime  of  Victonaa 
contingent  for  Phihdfilphia  ExhibitioB,  Sep- 
tember 2,  1875  (78,000  feet  of  space  occupied 
wHh  4,892  exhibits) ;  New  South  Wales  Inter- 
onliania]  Exhibitioa  opened  in  Sydney,  Apil 
6»  1875;  openiBg  of  Mt  Intercolonial  £zki)n- 
tion  in  Queenshmd  (15,000  persons  present  on 
first  day),  August  20,  1876 ;  foundation  stone 
ol  buildmg  in  Domain,  for  ^rst  Australian  Inter* 
natianalExhilntioB  to  bo  held  in  Sydney,  im 
laid  by  Lady  Robinson,  February  13,  1S79. 
Foundation  atono  of  Melboome  inteniatiooil 
BxhibitioB,  188D»  laid  by  GoTefoor  Bewen 
February  19, 1879L 

Niiiiiai  ol  visitDn  iriio  paid  for  admlnion 
at  the  AgricuKaral  Society's  Bxhibitioat  in 
Sydney :— 1869,  37,380;  1870,  184,375;  1871 
31,100;  1872,  64,700;  1873,  66,020;  1874, 
68^640;  1875,  ^700;  1878,  70,486;  )977, 
131,1861 

KKILSI,  PRXBBKTa.'noif  to.  XestiaieBial 
amonntiag  to  nearly  £909  preeented  toWillism 
Smith  O'Brien  in  Victoria,  July  22, 1854. 

EXILES,  Political.  Henry  FuHod,  clei]gy* 
man  of  the  Church  of  Enslaad  ;  WillBin 
Hanld,  dei^gynan  of  the  Choreh  of  Booe; 
Joseph  Holt,  one  ol  the  leaders  of  aaanoyof 
Iriahmen  who  had  riaen  in  1797-8  agsinstBritisb 
rule  in  Irehuid,   exiled  1799. 

BXMOTJTH,  Mo«wrr,  New  South  Wales,  <&• 
covered  by  Oxley,  1818. 


EXPLOSION. 

Nitro-glycerine,  in  Bridge-street,  Sydney, 
Moliaon  and  Black's  aad  scTeral  other  build- 
ings destroyed,  March  4^  I860. 

Nitro-glycerine,  in  Melbourne.  Mszirell 
Reynolds  and  Adam  Enslish,  whose  oflBces  were 
at  35,  Queen-street,  MeUmume,  reoeired  a  box, 
which  Mr.  Reynolds  was  in  the  act  of  onening 
when  it  exploded.  Mr.  Reynolds  was  kified, 
and  Mr.  English  seriously  injured,  Februaiy  9, 
1874. 


Powder  ¥kctory,  Brisbane*  QueenshMd,  Mown 
up,  the  proprietor,  Mr.  Ptouh,  being  killed, 
February  20,  187S. 

Mr.  H.  C,  Russell,  of  Sydney  Observitwy. 
life  endangered  by  ^e  exploaion  of  a  box  sect 
to  him,  September  8^  1877* 


EXPEDinQNS-.EXPLOItATIONS. 


95 


EXFEDmOHS. 

Bnmi  D'EiUrtccuteaitx,  a  French  lUar- 
idnind,  with  two  ships  of  war,  the  "La 
Recherche"  and  " L'Espersnee,"  anchored  in 
Btt:herch6  Bay,  Van  Diemen's  Land,  Apcil   20, 

1792. 


Two  Spanish  ships  on  a  voyage  ol  disooverv 
andfldence,  the  "  Desoovierta  and  **  Atrvrida 
anired  in  the  colony ;  they  had  been  three 
yeui  absent,  visiting  all  the  Spanish  provinoes 
is  Sooth  America,  Kaeh  shin  (in  addition  to 
otker  officers)  had  on  board  a  botanist  and 
a  limner.  Thev  erected  an  Obeerrator^  in  the 
^nity  of  Sydney  Core.  Before  leaving,  the 
duef  d  the  expedition,  Malaspina,  pcossnted  to 
Major  Grose  a  copy  of  the  astronomical  ohaerva- 
tions  which  had  been  made  at  the  Observatory, 
bj  which  it  mieared  that  the  l(»gitiide  from 
that  place  daaneed  from  42  sets  of  distances 
from  the  son  and  moon  was  151  degrees  18 
minutes  18  seconds  east  of  Greenwich,  and  the 
latitude  33  degrees  61  minutes  28  seconds  soaih, 
March  13,  1793  ;  French  discovery  ships  ''  La 
Nateraliste,"  Giqitain  Haaelin,  and  '*  La  Qeo- 
^^^"  Captain  Bandin,  visited  Sydney,  M. 
P^n,  natondiiit  to  the  expedition,  lliey  re- 
poited  the  discovery  of  that  part  of  the  Auatra- 
laa  coast  westward  of  Cwtain  Grant's  dis- 
covery, May,  1802.  [See  Napoleon's  Lakd  ; 
<^,  ArmtuLiAir  NaTiOATom.] 

Mr.  Wiffiam  Macleay  and  Captain  OuM^w, 
Ji-N.,  M.P.,  sailed  in  the  "  Ghevert "  (Captain 
Edwards),  on  a  aeientific  exploring  expedition  to 
New  Guinea,  May  18»  1875. 

EXPLORATIONS 

Oe^rye  Ban  started  from  Sydney  in  a  whalebosS  withaix 
iBcu,aiMl  diMsovered  Westfltm  Port,  June.  1708.  [It  was 
00  thia  voyage  thai  he  flnt  oonoeivod  tae  idea  of  the 
euMtenoe  of  a  Bteait  between  Tminanlaand  Auatcalia.] 

Onrr  Aim  with  MaUhew  Fhndtn  attempted  to  acale 
Rue  Mountaioe,  1790;  they  dleooverad  Ulawarra, 
Harch,  1796 ;  dieoovered  Ban^StnUts,  1700. 

HJLS.  "Investigator"  refitted  for  AustraUan  explora- 
tions  imder  Flinders  1801. 

Plinden  sailed  from  Sydney  in  the  "  Investigator  "  on  a 
voyage  of  diseovevy  to  tlie  north  oeaet  of  Auataalia, 
<beoveiiDg  Fori  Qutii  ami  Port  Bonren,    July  22, 

laot 

f>rn</««r  triad  to  erosi  the  Bine  Moontafaia,  18M. 

BamiUnn  Hutmm  and  bta  brather  John  K^nnedif  Hmne 
explored  the  Sooth-west  comitry  for  60  or  70  nulea  and 
discovered  Bong  Bong  and  Benima,  1814. 

^«Qtworth,  BlaxunO,  and  Lawson  crossed  Blue  Moon- 
tuns;  1818.     [See  Australiam  Land  ExPLOBsaa.] 

»*orffe  William  Evans  despatched  on  an  expedition  to 
explore  more  minutely  a  paassffe  over  the  Blue  Moua-  * 
teiDB,  Fbbraaiy  13,  1814.  (Having  pessed  over  the 
Blue  Mooirtalns  raum  they  tcavsEs^  the  vaUagr  sinee 
known  as  Batthant  Plaioab  diaoovered  a  river  which 
they  named  the  Ifaoquarie,  and  penetrated  some  dia- 
teooe  beyond.    The  rar^ waa  absent  seven  weeks.  ] 

<L  W.  SvmM  tnead  the  Fiah  River  thnragh  very  fine 
ootmtry,  1813 ;  Evan*  traoaA  the  Lachlaa  1&9  mitai, 
1817. 

O^ejf't  Expedition  (fS  peraoiu)  to  explore  the  western 
>alcrior,  staffed  Feb.  1817.  (The  prlnelpal  members 
*Be:--Ox]ey  (Borv^jror-Oasanl),  Bvana  (Dep.  Ser< 
Hfor-GenefaD,  AUaa  Canningham  (EogHah  BotaniitX 
rVuer  (Colonkl  Botanist),  Parr  (Mmerdogist)]. 

Ottptatn  P.  O.  Kmif,  in  the  "  Mermaid,"  left  Port  Jadl- 
>BQ  to  emaina  the  nscthcm  aiid  nwth-wesiom  coaat 
<ifAastBlla.  HewMaooompaaiedby  AUanCunniat- 
hauL  They  discovered  ana  named  Fort  Essington» 
I>ec22,18l7. 


.  atrfe^sr  Mathan  diaoovered  Lake 
Batfaurst,  aad  adJaoeDi  oouBtiy  caMsd  Aigyle,  1817. 

C^rtMin  f.  Q.  Mmf,  in  the  '^Mennald."  84  tone,  m- 
tomed  to  Sydney,  hairiag  diaeovered  Prat  Earington, 
eaploced  Vaa  Biemea'a  Oulf,  andeotered  and  aaeended 
the  Alligator  Biver,  July,  1818. 

OatUy's  second  expedition  staeied  May  20,  161&  [Be 
waa  aeoompanied  by  Mr.  Bvana,  D.8.O.,  Dr.  Harris 
(a  StngaoQ  of  the  old  N.&W.  Corps),  Mr.  Ftaxer 
(Botani&t)  and  12  men.  On  Joly  27  discovered  CasUe- 
rsagh  Kivcr,  liveipool  Plains,  and  on  September  2 
the  l^el  River;  then  Port  Maoquarie  and  the  Hastings. 
Retaned  to  Neweaatle  Nov.  5, 1818.] 

Pert  Essinrton,  North  AostraUa,  explored  by  Kinff,  1818. 

Captain  King  sailed  to  north-west  coast,  accompanied 
by  Lieut.  0x1^,  to  smrvey  Port  Maoquarie,  May  8, 1810. 

CSambridge  Onlf  ezphyred  by  CoffUtm  King,  1819. 

King  explored  from  Clarence  Strait  to  Cambridge  Oulf, 
North  Aaatralia,  the  peculiar  geological  fonnation  of 
which  was  the  most  intereeth^  feature  of  this  desolate 
coast,  1810. 

Captain  King  retunied  to  Sydney  from  Ms  north  coast 
ezpkiffatieBa,  Janoary  12, 1820. 

O^fimim  Ming  nsdartaok  hia  fourth  ami  last  voyage, 
exploring  and  sonreving  the  north-west  coast  of  Aus- 
aaiod  by  / 


tntta,  aaeompaaied  by  Allan  Cunningham,  May,  1821. 

Sttrvmor^Oenerai  Oa^,  aeeompanied  by  Lieutenant 
Stirling  and  Mr.  John  Uniaeke,  left  G^dney  In  the 
ootter  "Mirmaiir  to  eaaarine  Port  Curtfe,  with  the 
object  of  foradng  s  new  settlement  than  Port  Mac- 
qnarle,  Oct.  28, 1812  ;  raMhed  Ftot  Curtis,  Nov.  6, 1822. 

Anns  aad  OoveU  dtscovered  the  River  Hume  (now 
eaHed  the  Murr^),  about  the  present  site  of  Albury, 
November  Ifl,  1824l 

Bwne  and  Sovell  diaoovered  a  river,  which  they  caHed 
the  "  Ovens."  after  Major  Ovens,  Governor  Brbbane's 
Secretory,  Nov.  24, 1824. 

A,  OummnghtHn  started  from  the  Upper  Hunter,  with  a 
party  of  alx  aien  and  eleven  hones,  to  explore  the  un- 
kaowB  ooontry  on  the  west  side  of  the  Dividkig  Range, 
betwoea  Paadom'a  Passand  Moreton  liav.  Diseoverod 
a  fine  river,  April  30. 1827  ;  diaeovered  ajid  named  the 
DatHngr  Downs,  and  ae  thev  proceeded  named  other 
down%  to  the  nortti  Peefs  Pnites  and  canning's  Plains. 
Diaaoveffed  the  Dnaaawemia,  Diaoovered  the  Owvdir, 
June  6, 1827  ;  le  uxiaBed  the  Bangea  at  Pandora's  Pass, 
Joly  28. 1827. 

Oaptmn  Aurt,  aoeoapasdad  by  Hamilton  Hume,  set 
oat  on  aa  esipioitaflr  expedition  to  the  North  Western 
diatrlet  New  Sooth  Wales.  Nov.  20, 182& 

Oimmimghmm  dlseoverad  the  pass  leading  into  the 
dividing  ehaln  from  Brtobane  to  Darlii«  Downs.  It 
was  named  Cumrin^nm'a  Ana,  1828. 

Cmptam  Fm^m  tried  to  find  the  **  Kinder,"  but  without 
Butesau ;  the  atory  of  the  ooovlct  who  described  it 
was  therefore  disbelieved,  188L 

W.  Dlmon  txaeed  the  rsagea  between  the  Laohlan  and 
Maoquarie  Plains;  he  uoaatd  the  Bogan,  which  he 
f oHoiaBd  67  milea,  18B. 

Qsei'tfs  Ban  aad  Jfatthew  FUndan^  the  fanner  a  sur- 
geon, and  the  latter  a  mldsiilpman  in  the  navy,  deter- 
mined to  explore  tha  coast  of  Tasmania  and  New 
BoUaad ;  they  went  in  a  smaH  boat  called  the  *<  Tom 
Thumb."  and  made  some  important  diaooveriea  after 
much  risk  and  haidship,  October,  170ft. 

Richard  Cunningham^  a  brother  of  Allan  Cunningham, 
the  botonist,  missed  on  the  Bogau  River  from  the 
party  of  Sir  Thomas  Mitchell's  expedition.  The  next 
d^r  a  par^  waa  aent  out  in  search  of  him,  when  in 
about  a  week  afteiwaids  they  retamed,  bringing  back 
hia  aaddta  and  brkDa,  which  they  found  on  the  horse 
lying  dead  in  the  ssrub,  having  perished  for  want  of 
water.  Search  was  further  made,  when  a  tribe  of 
blacks  told  them  that  they  had  seen  the  botaniat'a 
tnudES,  and  that  he  had  gone  to  the  westward  with  the 
Myall  or  wild  bladta.  In  Deeember  following  a  civilised 
bUwdc  gleaned  tiieparticufans  of  his  death,  and  con- 
ductea  Lieut  Zeuch  to  the  soene  of  the  murder,  where 
the  perpetrators  confessed  the  deed,  in  which  four 
men  ami  two  girls  had  participated.  These  were  given 
up,  but  eventually  escaped  from  the  guards.  It  appears 
that  Cmmlngham  encamped  with  these  blacks,  and 
belpg  rsatlaai  during  the  night,  excited  tbefar  suspi- 
cions, and  next  mcrning  they  slew  their  guest  by 
striking  hfan  on  the  head  with  dubs,  April  17,  18S5. 
[A  monument  to  Us  memory  is  erected  on  the  spot] 


96 


EXPLOSION& 


JTr.  CharUt  Darwin,  the  nAtiiimltet»  Tiilted  New  Zea- 
land in  the  "  Beagle  "  with  O^itein  Fltaoj,  18S5. 

Mettn.  RedwuU  and  Dyson  ascended  Mount  Tongatlio 
and  looked  down  into  its  enter,  March  2, 1890. 

Lieut  Ocrman  Eyrie  ascended  in  the  middle  islands  Kai 
Kora,  and  wandered  from  Wairiss  Valley,  1890. 

Dr.  Dieffenbaeh  nataraUgt  to  the  N.  Z.  Oo. ,  who  arrlTed 
in  the  ship  "Tory**  from  Eng^land  in  August,  1830, 
commenced  to  ascend  Mount  Egmont,  1830. 

Captain  W.  ComtoiM  Symondtf  Deputy  Suireyor- 
General  of  N.Z.  ^who  aooompcuiied  Dieffenhach)  made 
▼arious  exploraaona  eroedally  to  the  sources  of  the 
Waraanoh  and  Manematu  riven ;  drowned  in  the  Bay 
of  lunukau,  Nov..  184<L 

Mitchell  discovered  tne  Maranoa,  Culgoa,  and  the  Fltnoy 
Downs,  the  Warrego,  the  Salvator,  and  the  Claude, 
1845. 

Mr.  Thomaa  Brunner  made  a  journey  aeroas  the 
Middle  Islands.  N.Z,  1846. 

Captain  Mitchell  and  Mr.  Dashtoood  disoorered  a  track 
from  Nelson  to  Oanterhuxy,  1846. 

Lieut  Helpinan  sent  in  the  "Champion''  to  Cham- 
pion Bay,  and  tnvelled  with  a  cart  up  the  Oreennp ; 
following  the  track  of  the  Qregory's  from  the  Arrow- 
smith  ;  arrived  at  the  place  where  ooal  had  heen  dis- 
covered hy  Gregory  in  tne  same  year ;  lat  S8'  67'  10^, 
long.  116'  9fr  9V,  1846. 

Captain  Sturt,  the  South  Australian  eiplorer,  returned 
to  Adelaide,  1846.  [The  result  of  his  ezplontion  was 
the  discovery  of  much  fine  countiy  when  in  S.  lat  26' 
46',  E.  long.  180'  IS*.  He  was  compelled  to  desist  from 
further  progress  northwards,  finding  that  the  desert 
he  had  heen  tnvelling  over  for  some  days  continued  to 
an  immense  extmit  In  this  expedition  the  party 
suffered  much  privation  and  many  hardships  and 
difficulties.] 

Dr.  Leiehhardt  proceeded  on  his  last  exploring  expe- 
dition, from  which  he  never  returned,  Oct  27,  1848. 
[He  set  out  from  Moreton  Bay  with  his  companions, 
Messra  Hentig,  Classon  (a  relative  of  the  leader! 
Donald  Stewart,  and  Kellv,  and  two  alxniffinals.  His 
stock  consisted  of  60  bullocks  (20  of  whi<m  had  been 
given  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Robinson,  and  90  by  the  Govern- 
ment), 20  mules,  and  7  horses ;  the  provisions  consisted 
of  800  lbs.  of  flour,  120  lbs.  of  tea,  and  110  lbs.  of  salt : 
the  mimitions  wen  260  lbs.  of  shot,  and  40  lbs.  of 
powder.  In  this  Joum^  he  proposed  to  follow  the 
ttgoon  until  he  came  to  the  Victoria  River,  pursuing 
Sir  Thomas  Mitchell's  outward  track  for  a  certain  dis- 
tance, when  he  would  break  off  to  ascertain  the  northern 
water,  and  then  take  the  most  practicable  route  to 
Swan  River,  the  intended  tennination  of  the  expedition. 
A  letter  from  him  was  received  dated  Febnuoy  20, 1848, 
from  Canning  Downs,  in  which  he  states,  *'  I  am  going 
to  start  next  Monday,  Feb.  28.  I  will  sail  down  the 
Condamine,  go  up  the  lagoon,  and  foUow  up  Mitchell's 
outward  track  to  the  most  northern  bent  of  the  Vic- 
toria. I  shall  then  proceed  nortiiward  until  I  come  to 
some  decided  water  of  the  gulf,  and  after  that  resume 
my  original  course  westwanL"  He  expected  to  reach 
Swan  River  at  the  end  of  1840  or  I860.] 

Intelligence  received  through  Jackey,  a  blackfellow,  of 
the  diaasten  to  Kennedy'a  expedition^  which  had 
started  from  Rockingham  Bay,  184& 

QVKKKBLAXD. 

Expedition  fitted  out  by  the  proprieton  of  the  Queent- 
lander  for  siirvevinga  trans-oontinental  line 'to  Port 
Darwin  from  Blackall,  Queensland,  July  10,  1870; 
reached  Port  Darwin,  March,  1870. 

South  Australll 

Several  expeditions,  under  the  leadership  of  Goyder. 
Babbaffe,  Warburton,  Campbell,  Freeling,  Hack,  ana 
othera  lef  t  Adehdde,  with  a  view  of  penetnting,  if  pos- 
sible, across  the  continent,  1867-8. 

Oregory  reached  Adelaide  overland  fhnn  the  Dawson, 
Julv  28, 1868. 

The  New  South  Wales  Government  sent  Gregory,  the 
South  Australian  explorer,  out  to  seardi  for  traces  of 
Leiehhardt,  who  had  been  absent  10  years,  1868    . 

Gregory,  whilst  tracing  the  Gasooyne,  found  the  riven 
Edmund,  Lyons,  and  Alma,  1868. 


Captain  CadeU  disoovered  the  mouth  of  the  Binr 
Roper,  and  fine  pastoral  countiy,  lat  14*  8.,  November, 
1867. 

John  Fcrre$t  started  from  Bath  with  his  brother  Alex- 
ander and  five  others,  March  30, 1800 ;  reached  Port 
Eucla  July  2,  where  he  replenidtied  his  stores ;  reached 
Fowlex's  Bay  July  27,  and  reached  AdehJde  at  the  cod 
of  August,  18601 

Mr.  Kinlay  reached  Pwt  Denison  ovariand  from  Ade- 
laide, August  11, 1862. 

Leidihardrt  Search  Expedition  left  Mount  MurdiisoD, 
August  21, 1866. 

O.  W.  Oayder  (Surveyor-General  of  South  Austnlia) 
undertook  to  find  a  suitable  site  for  a  settlement  in  the 
Northern  Territory.  He  selected  Port  Darwin,  and  hid 
the  foundation  of  Palmerston,  1860. 

J.  W.  Lewie,  despatched  bv  the  South  Austnlian  GoTen- 
ment  for  the  explontlon  of  Lake  i^yrie,  and  the 
surrounding  country,  1876.  [Tlie  expedidoo  wm 
eminenUy  useful,  Mr.  Lewis  havinc  saooeeded  io 
examining  uid  mapping  the  hitherto  annost  unknown 
territory  lying  between  latitude  26'  36^  and  28*  35'  and 
longitude  186*  60'  and  ISO'  60^,  200  miles  broad  from 
Lake  Hope  to  Eyrie  Creek,  Oueensland,  and  250  miles 
fhun  the  overland  telegraph  line  to  Start's  Stoo)' 
Deseri.] 

TiCIOBIA. 

Mr.  Ambrose  Eyte  placed  £1,000  in  the  hands  of  the 
Chief  Justice,  to  be  given  towards  the  expenses  of  an 
expedition  to  be  sent  to  Central  Australia,  on  oooditioQ 
that  a  further  sum  of  £2,000  be  subscribed  by  the 
public  £3,210  was  the  public  response,  and  Fuln- 
ment  voted  £6,600. 1868. 

Jfr.XfdfuIeif,  (tfBurkeandWiUs'aexploring  party,  broo^t 
the  camels  for  the  Expedition  from  Ind&,  1860. 

Burke,  Wills,  Orey,  and  King  (Mr.  Landels  harinff  left 
the  party),  arrived  at  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Hutfa 
11,  1861. 

Sturt  started  from  Chamber's  Creek  to  cross  Austnlh, 
with  18  horses  and  his  companions,  Keckwick,  Head, 
Massey  and  others,  March,  1861. 

Chamber's  River  reached  by  Stuart,  June  18, 1862. 

Public  funeral  at  Melbourne  of  Buike  and  Wills,  the 
explorers.  Buried  in  the  Melbourne  cemetery,  Jannarr 
21,1868. 

Mr.  C.  C.  Hunt,  with  a  party  of  four,  and  two  nathrea, 
sent  out  from  York's  Peninsula  to  explore  Western 
Australia,  July,  1864.  [Hiey  had  twenty-three  horm, 
and  ntions  for  twen^-two  weeks ;  they  discorered 
some  splendid  country  with  plenty  of  water,  aboQtS50 
miles  east  from  York.] 

WmXRH  AtTREALIA. 

n.  jr.  L^froy,  Superintendent  of  Convicts,  and  a  partr 
ct  four  men,  were  equii^;)ed  by  the  Governmeot  of 
Western  Austnlia,  to  explore  to  eastward  of  York 
district,  1868.  [They  spent  three  months  in  the  field, 
and  tnversed  some  valuable  agricultural  snd  pastoral 
oountiy.] 

iSee  AnRBAum  Laud  Explobsbs.] 

EXPLOSIONS. 

Two  and  a  half  tons  of  gunpowder  on  a  dray 
belonging  to  a  carrier  named  Gamble,  ex- 
plodea  on  the  Bathurst  Boad,  near  Penrith,  New 
South  Wales,  November  16, 1865.  [Gamble  and 
his  six  horses  were  killed  on  the  spot,  and  his 
dray  smashed  to  atoms.] 

A  terrible  nitro-glycerine  explosion  in  Bridfie* 
street,  Sydney,  March  4,  1866.  [lOOlbs. 
of  the  material  ignited.  Two  large  stores  (Mo- 
lison  and  Black,  and  Thompson^)  completely 
shattered.] 

Explosion  at  the  Kaitangata  Cosl  mine, 
Oti^KO,  New  Zealand,  35  lives  lost,  February  1, 


FAIR— FIJL 


97 


P. 

FAm.  Firat  fair  in  New  South  Wales  settle- 
ment  took  place  at  Parramatta,and  drew  together 
a  lai^  conconrse  of  viaitors,  March  11,  18i3. 

FAMINE. 

In  oonaeqaence  of  a  destmctive  flood  on 
the  HawkesDury,  which  rose  8ft.  higher  than 
on  any  previoua  occasion,  £36,000  worth  of 
property  was  destroyed,  and  several  lives  were 
lost  It  commenced  in  the  last  week  of  February^ 
and  its  greatest  height  was  on  March  22.  This 
reduced  the  colony  to  a  state  of  famine — wheat 
rose  to  70b.  and  80s.  a  bushel,  the  21b.  loaf 
irom  4s.  6d.  to  58.,  and  vegetables  were  not 
procnrable  at  any  price,  March,  1806;  in  con- 
leqaeoce  of  a  great  drought,  the  necessaries  of 
life  becune  scarce  and  accordingly  dear.  The 
2ib.  linf  was  raised  to  2s.  6d.  Vessels  were  sent 
to  Valparaiso  and  China  for  grain  provisions. 
A  pnbuc  subscription  was  raised,  from  which 
funds,  flour,  &c.,  was  purchased,  and  distributed 
gntaitously  to  the  sufferers,  July  and  August, 
1839. 

New  South  Wales  Contribution  in  aid  of 
THE  Famine  in  Great  Britain.  A  large  and 
influential  meeting,  at  which  the  Mayor  pre- 
sded,  was  held  in  Sydney  to  take  measures  for 
(^Uecting  subscriptions  to  relieve  the  famine 
tben  prevailing  in  Ireland  and  Scotland,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  failure  of  the  crops  in  those 
coontries.  Similar  meetings  were  held  in  various 
parts  of  the  colony,  and  large  sums  were  sub- 
scribed for  that  benevolent  purpose,  August,  1846. 

Crimean  War  Fund,  Lancashire  Cotton 
AM)  Famine  Fund,  Indian  Mutiny  Fund. 
A  sum  of  £92,000  was  collected  in  New  South 
Wales  for  these  objects. 

Ftkd  for  the  Relief  of,  in  India.  Indian 
Famine  Relief  meeting  held  in  Melbourne.  A 
gum  of  £2,000  subscnbed  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Clark, 
October  1,  1877 ;  the  total  Victorian  contributions 
amounted  to  £28,790,  January  25,  1878  ;  South 
Australian  contribution  amounted  to  £11,450, 
Xew  South  Wales  £16,000,  Queensland  £2,500, 
Tasmania  £3,875,  New  Zealand  £2,500.  Total, 
i»5,110.     February  19,  1878. 

FcND  for  the  Relief  of,  in  China.  Sydney 
contribution  amounted  to  £3,970  I4s.  lOd., 
Victoria  £4,200.    November  20,  1878. 

FANCY  DRESS  BALLS.  The  first  of  these 
popular  gatherings,  at  which  700  persons  were 
present,  was  ^ven  by  the  Mayor  of  Sydney, 
(Alderman  Wilshire)  at  the  Victoria  Theatre, 
August  21,  1844  ;  held  at  the  Prince  of  Wales 
Theatre,  Sydney,  1858  ;  held  at  the  Exchange, 
Sydney,  in  aid  of  School  of  Industry,  1855 ; 
Kiven  by  the  Mayor  of  Melbourne,  1866 ;  again  in 
Melbourne  1870 ;  held  in  honour  of  Prince  Alfred 
at  a  building  erected  in  Hyde  Park,  Sydney,  1868 ; 
given  by  the  Mayor  of  Sydney  (Alaerman  C.  J. 
Roberts),  1,600  guests  present,  March  19,  1879. 
?u>tum  ball  at  Exhibition  Building,  Sydney, 
May  7,  1879. 

9 


FASTDAY,  AND  Dat  of  Humiliation  in  New 
South  Wales,  on  account  of  the  drought, 
November  2,  1838 ;  for  the  success  of  the  British 
arms  in  the  Crimea,  and  the  restoration  of  peace, 
August  18,  1854 ;  for  rain,  November  2,  1858  ; 
for  rain,  November  2,  1876 ;  for  breaking  up  of 
drought,  March  1,  1878. 

FEDERATION.  A  Select  Committee  of  the 
Legislative  Council  reported  on  the  subject  of 
Australian  Federation  1857.  [They  recommended 
a  meeting  of  delegates  from  the  Leffislatures  of 
the  four  Colonies  of  New  South  Wales,  Victoria, 
South  Australia,  and  Tasmania,  with  the  view 
to  devisinff  a  plan  for  a  General  Assembly  for 
all  the  Colonies,  (Mr.  E.  Deas-Thomson,  who 
was  the  chief  mover  in  this  important  question, 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee,)]  ;  Sir 
Hercules  Robinson  delivered  an  able  speech  at 
Albury  in  favour  of  Australian  Federation, 
October  31,  1876. 

FENIANS,  EscAFE  of.  A  number  of  Irish 
political  prisoners  escaped  from  Freemantle, 
Western  Australia,  by  the  American  whaler 
"Catalpa,"  April  17,  1875. 

FIJI. 

The  archipelago  of  Fiji  is   situated  in  the 
South-western  Pacific,  between  the  parallels  of 
15°  and  19**  S.  latitude  and  the  meridians  177" 
E.  and  178**  W.  longtitude.   It  comprises  nearly 
two  hundred  islands,  besides  islets,  rocks  and 
reefs,    the  two  largest  of   these  islands  being 
Vita  Levu,  and  Vanua  Levu,  and  are  of  con- 
siderable size,  having  each  a  circumference  of 
from  200  to  230  miles.     The  names  of  the  other 
more  important  islands  are  Ovalau,  Kandavu, 
Taviuni,  Koro,  Ngau,  and  Lakember  ;  sixty-five 
of  these  islands  are   inhabited,    the  principal 
harbour  beins  Levuka  on  the  eastern  siae  of  the 
island  of  Oviuau.    The  native  capital  is  Mbau, 
the  former  residence  of  the  kings.     The  soil  of 
these  islands  is  said  to  be  remarkably  rich  and 
fertile,  so  much  so  that  there  is  hanuy  i(n  acre 
throughout  this  group  that  might  not  be  con- 
verted into  either  a  pasture  or  plantation.  These 
islimds  owe  their  origin  to  volcanic  upheavings 
and  coral  formation.    At  present  there  are  no 
active  volcanoes,   but    hot    springs    occur    in 
different  parts,  the  temperature  of  which  is  from 
200"  to  210°.     Earthquakes  occasionally  happen, 
and  some  few  years  ago  an  entire  islana  was 
lifted  above  the  sea  Mtween  Tonga  and  Fiji. 
In  Vita  Levu  is  a  mountain  abounding  with 
malachite  and  antimony  ore  ;  gold,  copper,  and 
plumbaso  have  also  been  found  in  small  Quan- 
tities.   There  are  no  indigenous  animals  in  Fiji ; 
domestic  cattle  and  animals  however  thrive  well 
and  pigs  are  now  running  wild  in  the  woods. 
Fish  are  very  plentiful  and  are  found  in  great 
varieties,  and  snakes  abound  from  1  to  6  feet  in 
length,   but  are  perfectly  harmless ;  there  are 
also  many  beautiful  lizards.     The  exports  con- 
sist of  sea  island  and  other  cotton,  cocoa-nut 
oil,   wool,  tortoise-shell,   b£che-de-mer,   candle 
nuts  and  other  tropical  commodities.     Tobacco 


m 


FIRE& 


flrowB  in  these  iBlands  equal  to  the  finest  pro* 
auctions  of  the  Antilles,  and  will  doubtless  ere 
long  be  a  valuable  article  of  export.  The  highest 
mountainB  are  Voma  and  Bnki  Leva,  which  are 
4,000  feet  high. 

The  flrat  Eurcqpeui  who  made  the  existence  of  theie 
island;}  knoiitii  was  Captain  Abel  Jaosen  Tssman,  1643. 

Captain  Coolc  touched  at  one  of  the  FIJI  group  now 
called  Vatoa,  which  he  called  Turtle  Island,  1770. 

captain  Wilson,  commanding  missionary  ship  "Duff," 
was  nearly  lost  off  Taviuni,  1700. 

Twenty-seven  convicts  succeeded  in  escaping  tram 
N.B.W.  1804.  [They  settled  throughout  these 
islands  moetlv  at  Rewa,  Mhau,  giving  their  u> 
ststonoe  to  the  native  chiefs  in  Uieir  tribal  wars, 
Tecf'lving  in  return  almost  whatever  they  de- 
manded, thtir  firearms  whilst  their  ammunition 
lasted,  inspiring  great  diead  amongst  the  nattves; 
thev  lived  a  life  of  debauchery  and  indolence,  and  of 
sucn  excessive  wickedness  as  even  to  disgust  their 
cannibal  associates.  After  about  thirty  yean  but  one 
survivor  remained,  an  Irishman  by  the  name  of 
Connor,  his  companions  having  been  either  Idlied  in 
internal  quarrels  or  slain  and  eaten  by  the  natives] 

Tbe  native  King  Oakobau  or  Tliakonibau  offered  the 
sovereignty  of  these  islands  to  Groat  Britain  under 
certain  conditions,  ISbO. 

Qeneral  Sir  Hclby  Smythe,  R.  A.,  was  sent  oat  to  report 
on  the  subject,  and  upon  his  recommendation  the 
Duke  of  Newcastle  declined  the  offer,  1862. 

Certain  Englishmen  set  up  a  Fijian  Government  with 
the  principal  chief  Thakombau  as  King ;  a  constitu- 
tion was  agreed  upon  and  a  Parliament  elected,  Jime, 
1871. 

Charles  St  Julian,  a  reporter  on  the  staff  of  the  Svdntv 
Morning  Herald,  appointed  first  Chief  Justice  of  Fiji, 
March,  1872. 

The  Parliament  and  the  Government  having  gradually 
drifted  into  attitudes  of  hostility,  the  Earl  of  Kimberly 
commisdonod  Commodore  Ooodenough  and  Mr.  8.  A. 
Layard,  H.  M.  Consul  in  Fiji,  to  investigate  matters 
and  report  as  to  the  best  course  to  be  pursued, 
Auffust,  1873. 

Mr.  .hones  Morey  (of  Sydney)  Mayor  of  Levulca,  1878. 

The  Commissioners  reported  fresh  offer  of  Thakombau 
and  the  chieftains  to  cede  the  isluids  to  the  British 
Government  on  certain  conditions,  which  were  not 
accepted,  March  21, 1874. 

Bir  Hercules  Robinson,  Governor  of  New  South  Wales, 
despatched  to  Fiji  to  negotiate,  September,  1874. 
[This  mission  was  complotelv  successful  and  the 
sovereignty  of  the  islands,  ceded  unconditionally  to 
Her  Majesty  by  Thakombau  and  the  treaty  was  signed 
on  the  part  of  Great  Britain  by  Sir  Hercules  Robinson 
and  witnessed  by  Hon.  J.  G.  L.  Innes  as  Attom^« 
General  of  N.  S.  Wales  Twho,  for  his  services,  received 
the  honour  of  KnighthoodX  ^nd  twelve  inrincipal 
chieftains,  (Sir  Hercules  Bobin8<Ni  first  Governor.) 
October  10,  1874.] 

Sir  Charles  St.  Julian,  aged  56,  died  near  Levuka, 
No\-ember  26, 1874; 

Thakombau  or  Oakobau  with  his  two  sons,  Ratu  (Prince) 
Timothy  and  Ratu  Joseph  Celu  (who  had  been  edu- 
cated at  Newington  College,  Sydney,  N.  S.  W.\  visited 
Sydney,  April,  1875. 

Government  continued  to  be  administered  by  Mr. 
LAprard,  C.M.G.,  until  Sir  A.  H.  Gordon,  the  newly  ap- 

Kim  ted  Governor,  proclaimed  the  charter  and  assumed 
e  Government,  May  25,  1875. 

An  outbreak  of  measles  occurred  amongst  the  natives, 
by  which  epidemic  many  thousands  were  carried  cA, 
June,  1875. 

By  an  order  in  Council  the  Governor  of  Fiji  was  vp- 
pointed  Her  Majesty's  High  Commissioner  in,  over, 
and  for  the  Western  Pacific  ocean,  with  certain  powers 
and  jurisdiction  therein  expressed,  August  15, 1877. 
[Fiji  as  a  Crown  Colony  Ls  governed  abmhtteiy  by  a 
Governor  appointed  by  the  Queen,  the  inhabitants 
both  native  and  European  having  no  voice  in  political 
matters.  There  is  no  legislation  other  than  through 
an  Executive  Council  and  Legislative  Assembly,  not 
elected  by  the  people  but  appointed  by  the  Governor] 

Levuka  for  a  long  time  was  the  capital  of  Fiji,  but  the 
scat  of  Government  was  transferred  to  Suva,  April  27, 
1877. 


The  popplation  of  the  colony  was — ^natives,  120,000; 
Europeans,  1,700  :  in  1877  :  the  imports  of  the  whole 
colon}'  were,— £112,086 ;  the  exports  of  the  vhule 
oolony  w«i«,— ^107,464, 1876L 

FIRES. 

AvekUtnd  {K.Z.\  Verv  extend ve  conflagratien  oeooned 
in  this  city,  1871 ;  Post  Ofilce,  Custom  Hoose,  lad 
iWe  stores,  destroyed,  November  19, 1879 ;  63  hooies 
In  Qneen-street,  destroyed,  September  7,  UTS;  15 
shops  burnt  in  Queen-street,  May  6, 1874. 

Ballarat  (  r.>  Row  of  houses  in  Plank  Road,  destrorcd 
(two  children  burnt  to  death),  July  9,  1857 ;  Adefphi 
hotel  and  other  buildings  burnt,  'Plabratfy  2S,  1850 ; 
Town  HaU  (fiallaimt.  West),  btunt,  September  i4« 
1859 ;  disastrous  confl^Bgration  in  Bridge  sUtet^  modi 
property  destroyed,  December  i,  1850 ;  most  disM- 
trous  file  commenced  A  the  Montenmia  neatre, 
Januaiy  10,  1861  ;  Star  Hotel,  Main  Read,  June  1. 
1801 ;  large  fire,  Main  Road,  April  27, 1802 ;  UoitMl 
States  Hotel,  Main  Road.  April  11, 1806. 

Brisbane  (Q. ).  Great  fire,  April  10, 1804  ;  second  mat 
fire,  I>eoember  1,  1804 ;  tnlrd  great  fire,  Apru  II, 
1865 ;  total  destruction  of  Mr.  Pettigrew's  extensTe 
steam  saw-mUls  (estimated  loss,  £25,000),  Ctotober  U, 
1874. 

CooHawn  (Q.)  Destructive  fire,  Aiwust  11,  1875; 
second  large  conflagration  (estimated  duoages,  £8000), 
October  14, 1875. 

DunedinCN.Z.)    Extensive  fire,  August  31, 1874. 

Gav>Ur  (S.A .)  Dawson's  flour  mills  destroyed,  Janouy 
14, 1877. 

Gttlong  (V.).  Bell's  grocery  store,  April  IS,  1880 ;  Ro§^ 
niaiy  Branch  Hotel,  July  12, 1800  ;  Spcddiug's  geoeni 
store,  July  31, 1800  ;  Haworth's  tannery  .Aujjbt  S$, 
1860 ;  house  unoccupied,  next  Roebudc  Hotel,  Jua- 
9xy  23,  1800;  house  unoccupied,  next  Bush  Inn, 
March  13,  1861 ;  Holding's  \ietoria  Hotel,  October  9. 
1801;  FyfTs-buildings,  March  9, 1862;  Powle,  chemi^s 
December  21,1802  ;  Jacobs,  clothier's,  August  18, 1863 ; 
Broarley  Brothers'  tannery,  February  1,  1864 ;  Pftsw- 
laigno's  wine  shop,  March  24,  1864  ;  shepherd's,  next 
Olive  Branch  Hotel,  September  0, 1806  ;  Smith  aod 
Aitchison,  painters,  Ac ,  October  31,  1866 ;  Barrow's, 
January  27,  18G7;  Cbthcart's,  December  7,  V>Si\ 
M'Lean^s,  December 9, 1807  ;  OoUins's  tanneiy,  April  4, 
1868;  Ibbotson's,  May  6,  1868;  Espinasse's.  Mv% 
1808 ;  Beamond*s,  fruiterer,  April  IS,  1869 ;  Fnllcr't, 
May  16,  1869;  Hourigaii  and  Dunn,  July  15,  ISO; 
Tomer,  Bartlett,  Pearson,  Goode,  and  M'Odlom,  Octo- 
ber 9.  1809;  ship  "Lightuiiw,^'  October  SO,  1809; 
SturnV  November  18,  1809;  Gant,  Coade,  and  Cnv- 
conr,  November  23,  1809 ;  Carpenter's  coach  fkctorr. 
December  18.  1869;  Bom's,  December  20.  1880; 
Hardie,  Ritchie,  and  Floyd,  February  2, 1870 ;  NidMl-  j 
son's,  fruiterer,  June  20,  1870 ;  Davies,  cabinetmaker, 
October  10,  1870  ;  Clanchy,  Queen's  Head  Hotel,  Octo- 
ber 16, 1870 ;  M*Lauehlan,  M'Bwen,  and  Montgnn«f7> 
Novembers,  1870;  L.  Webster's,  November  7,  1870: 
Welsh's  haystack,  December  6,  1870 ;  AscberiMrg^ 
bone  mills,  January  20,  1871 ;  Hughes,  trameroak^i 
February  18,  1871 ;  Tlnnej'*s  general  store,  April  24, 
1871;  stabling.  Convent,  June  25,  1872;  MatR- 
Hawksford,  Allen,  Jermyns,  Rowsell,  Synnolt,  and 
Haslaw's,  September  5,  1872  ;  Victoria  woollen  cloth 
factory,  August  15,  187S ;  M'Inemey's  Junctkm  Hotel. 
September  17, 1873  ;  Messrs.  M'Lauchlan,  Jenyns,  uw 
D'tlelin's,  October  30, 1873 ;  stobles.  Union  Bank,  De^ 
cember  9,  1873 ;  Wesleyan  School,  Januaiy  16,  l!$74 ; 
Advertiser  Oflice,  April  10,  1874 ;  Messrs.  Gates  lod 
Dimmelow,  April  22, 1874 ;  Volum's  brewerj',  June  24, 
1874;  Sacfa  and  Heady,  grocers'.  &c,  July  4,  ISTl; 
Reid's  flour  mill,  August  15,  1874  ;  Tumock's,  oonitt^ 
tioner,  September  9, 1874  ;  Langhome's,  November  6. 
1874 ;  Cotton's  store,  June  19,  1875  :  Tonkins  store, 
September  80,  1875;  Groll  and  Thome,  saddles, 
November  *?5,  1874  ;  Glennister  andSvmuns's,  Deceio- 
ber  22,  1875;  Palmer's  storo,  January  4, 1876;  VicU> 
rian  woollen  factory,  January  SO,  1876;  Henneft^s, 
February  16,  1870;  Fowler's,  February  »,  l^'**" 
Lockwood's  Rosemary  Hotd.  March  8, 1876;  Kettles, 
March  28,  1870 ;  Lawson's,  July  25,  1876 ;  Larobles. 
September  10,  1876 ;  8.  V.  Buekhtrd,  September  6, 
1876 ;  Messrs.  Husrhes,  Cantlow,  and  Penrose's  Jwa 
ary  2,  1877;  Graham's,  February  8,  1877;  BeSder*. 


FQUBEL 


99 


MrarrM,  1877 ;  Ikniiodt's,  lb7S7, 1877  ;  OrabMn's 
•apreoMCouit  Hotel,  Jane  19, 1877 ;  Aumfaig^,  Octo- 
ber«.  isn ;  Prided  OoCob«r  88, 1877 ;  Mean.  Ifalcohn 
and  Fhmiann,  October  87, 1877 ;  Rioe^B,  NovMibv  9, 
1S77;  WdiE'fl  BojTttl  MaU  Hotel,  December  88,  1877 ; 
Viciarian  woollen  factory,  Februur  21, 1878;  Leven's, 
lUrcb  8, 1878 ;  Donahy's  rope  worke,  AprU  88, 1878  ; 
fiannister's,  Oetober  29,  1878;  Railway  sate-keeper'a 
hooM,  Deeember  1, 1876 ;  Onnt's,  l>eeember  27, 1878 ; 
Sbetalr's  beetled,  Jbnaary  6, 1879 ;  Fleming's,  Janu- 
aiy  10, 1879 ;  MulUgan  and  Peiry'a.  January  IS,  1879  ; 
Ttiear,  Bartlett,  and  Bowen*8,  January  28,  1879; 
Amartb  and  Kickett*a,  Januanr  24.  1879;  Allen'a, 
Pebmaiy  8,  1879 ;  Bobiinon  and  Cullen's  nde  yards, 
Mmaiy  4, 1879 ;  Matthews  and  Bennett,  Febraacy  4, 
1879. 

^tmugm^f  (^.S.  W,).  Tbe  townihip  aeirly  destrogred  by 
fire,  July  1, 1872. 

/j^iraood  (  V.)    Deeiructive  fin,  Deeember  M,  1876. 

Inwnmia  (S.E.)  lliirteea  honeae  bonit,  Oetober  11, 
U71 ;  UiBMtroiM  eooflmmtion,  Maieh  88, 1876. 

LffUkUm  (N.  Z. )    Great  fbe,  October  24, 1870. 

MMitland  (X.S.  WJl    Great  fire,  March  14,  1866. 

Marybormigh  {N.S.  IT.).  ExtenelTe  fire  (estimated  dam- 
109,  £20,000),  January  8, 1878. 

MObounu  (v.).  ExteosiTe  fire  at  Palmer  and  Balls, 
geneial  stores,  Collins-street  West  May  89, 1866. 

Vm  fai  Queensbmry-etnet,  Oaritoo,  22  honaee  destroyed, 

Jalj  23, 1866. 
fjuy  and  Go's.,  audioii  mart  and  stoce,  in  CoUine-street 

West,  June  14, 1867. 
Jaaies  lt'£wan  and  Co.,  wholesale  Ironmongen*  store, 

Uttle  ColUns'Street,  February  8, 1868. 
Graeoirood,  Lee,  and  Smith's  timber  yards,  Elizabeth- 

ftreet,  Febmazy  18. 1868. 
Cannichael  and  Forbes's  naphtha  and  asphalt  works, 

Ais^alian  Wharf,  November  16, 1868. 
Mum  and  Firth's  printing  ofllee,  Buthefland's  steam 

miUa,  and  Stephen  s  ironnumgeryetores,  FUndigni-laiie, 

Uarch  1,  1859. 
Union  Hotel,  Boarke-street,  and  sevecal  places  ef  busi- 
ness. December  1.  18G1. 
Owe  ami  Oswald,  ship  chandlers'  store,  Flinders-street, 

Jaanary  23. 1802. 
A  hrga  fire.  Beach-street,  Sondridge,  Oarton's  Hotel,  and 

laige  number  of  places  of  budness  (estimated  loss, 

£eo,00OX  November  IS,  1862. 
Beauchamp  and  Rocke's,  auction  rooms,  Collins-street 

East.  February  19, 1866. 
<4rmpic  Theatre,    Lonsdale«treet  East,   Oetober  29, 

Uiao. 
Urve  Bre  in  High-street,  St  Kilda,  14  places  of  busi- 

IMS,  January  1, 1867. 
the  Oriental  rice  mills,  Flinders^treet,  July  10, 1887. 
Halstead  aiMi   Kerr's    timber  yards,    Elizabeth-street 

North,  and  sevenU  business  places,  April  15, 1868. 
IVenson  and  Hill's  flock  mills,  and  several  houses  in 

Ljrgon-stzeet.  Oarlton,  August  6, 1869. 
me  fire.    Mill's  timber  yard  and   Solomon's  store, 

Fiindei's-street  West,  destroyed,  January  6, 1889. 
Varieties  Hotel,  Bonrke-etreet,  July  6, 1870. 
Hajmarket  Theatre,  Bourke-street,  September  22, 1871. 
Timber  yard  and  saw  mills  in  Victoria-street,  Hotham, 

March  9. 1872. 
Theatre  Boyal,  Bourke-street,  March  80, 1872. 
Victorian  Rope  Works,  Sandridge  Road,  Emerald  Hill, 

March  21. 1872. 
Ooonell,  Watson,  and  Hogarth,  wholesale  grocery  store, 

Flmders-Iane,  March  3, 1872. 
Bunaden's  paper  mills  partly  destroyed,  January  28, 

1873. 
I>etiiiokl'8,  whcdesale  stationer  and  bookbinders'  store, 

Oollina-street  East,  partlaUy,  April  21, 1874. 
Exteiuive  fire  at  Emerald  Hill,  January  19, 1875. 
Bxt^nsiTe  fire  at  the  Victoria  Sugar  Company's  Works, 

aaodridge,  June  8, 1875. 
LAke  and  Co.,  wholesale  grocery  and  tea  merchants, 

Kiqg-street,  destroyed  by  fire,  and  J.  O.  Francis'  store, 

June  21, 1876. 
Falk  and  Co.'s  storo,  Uttl<)  CoUins-stroet.  May  19. 1876. 
Uanasens  and  Go's,  spice  and  coffee  mills,  Flinders-street, 

May  25, 1876. 
Exteniive  fire  and  destruction  of  Flinder's  Bonded  store, 

,  Flinders-street,  May  25, 1876. 

•Sanders  and  Lazarus',  biacy  goods  store,  Elizabeth- 
street,  partiaUy,  May  26, 1876. 


Conning  and  Oo^a.  chenieal  works,  Tarraville,  destroyed, 

September  9, 1876. 
MtMo(ak(VX    Township  burnt,  December,  18. 1873. 
J^elHn  (#r.£.i    Dacmiettve  firo,  March  90, 1876. 
JfeweaHU  (If.S.W.).    Fire  in  Hunter-street,  March  80, 

1878.;  ftoe  in  the  coHipeivlive  eoUiery,  Januaiy  6, 

1876 :  destructive  fire  in  town,  March  27, 1879. 
.Bonkmm  (  V,).     DisMlroai  flie  ;  several  properties  de- 

stecvedOoss  MwOOO),  Jamiary  12,  1876. 
MoeUiampton  (Q  ).    Large  fire  in  East^reet,  August  8, 

1878. 
Boma  (Q  >    Large  lire,  January  16, 187L 
iS^ney  (N.S.  wS    'Hie  R<9al  Hotel  and  Theatre  Boyal 

destroyed  by  ftre,  Maroh  18, 1840. 
John  Debenham's,  308  Pitt«treet  (caused  through  fire- 
works). May  84, 1808. 
Afaxaader  WaddaU's,  Geoige-etroet  South,  June  8, 1862. 
Hyland  and  Co.'s,  Lower  Oeoige-strset,  July  6, 1852. 
Joseph  Fogg's,  Uaderwood's-buUdings,  Lower  Geoige- 

street.  October  20. 1852. 
Asolt,  Dickson,  and  Co. '••agar  works,  Bathurst-ttreet, 

October  81, 1862. 
IVeolhand  Go.'s  brewery  (engines  working  five  days), 

January  16,  1853. 
Bobey  and  Go.'k  distUlscy.  February  17, 1868. 
Robey  and  Go.'s  sugar  works,  Piarramatta-street,  October 

6,1868. 
Maodonald's  brashmaken,  Qeoige-street  (upper  portion 

of  prsmiees  destroyed),  Oetober  11, 1868. 
Thomas  Holt's  stores,  George-street  South,  July  6, 1864. 

Toungman's,  druggists,  Pitt-street,  February  28, 1864. 

W.  Wallis,  back  premises  and  workshop,  Elizabeth- 
street,  Maroh  11, 1864. 

Stewart  and  Co.,  Oeorve-street  West,  storo  with  con- 
tenls  totally  destroyed.  May  6, 1854. 

lUch.  I^n^ey,  and  Butchardt,  premises  totally  de- 
stroyed, December  80, 1854. 

Linker  and  Scott,  ship  chandlers'.  Lower  George-street, 
Maroh  16, 1865. 

Furlong  and  Kennedy's  flour  mills,  Dlxon-stre^  .totally, 
January  18, 1856. 

Dudgeon's  stores,  Hunt's  buildings,  George-street  south, 
grocer,  several  houses  destroyed,  June  *28, 1886. 

Cummiugs  H ,  poulterer,  two  houses  destroyed,  October 
18  1856. 

Foss',  Son,  and  Co.,  Pitt^treet,  druggists,  upper  portion 
of  stores  destroyed,  January  20. 1857. 

Boylson's  storo,  Ashfleld,  June  12, 1857. 

J.  H.  Goodlet,  saw  mills,  partially  destroyed,  June  26, 
1867. 

J)aniei'8  bowling  saloon  and  Wrjght  and  Johnson's,  Sep- 
tember 16, 1857. 

Williams,  cooper's.  New  Pitt-street,  December  23, 1857. 

M'Guiggan's  orewery,  Bathurst-stree^  (machinery  de- 
stroyed), January  11, 1868. 

Berkleman  and  Bate's,  millers,  Lower  George-street 
totally  destroyed,  April  19, 1858. 

PhilUp  M'Carroll's,  butchers.  Botany  Road,  totally 
destroyed,  February  14, 1850. 

W.  Ellis,  grocer's,  George-stroet,  totally  destroyed  (loss 
£16,000),  April  21, 1859. 

St  Andrew's  Cathedral  (temporary)  sliffhtiv  burnt, 
caused  by  boys  lighting  a  fire  outside  the  building, 
September  2, 1868. 

John  Oaray's  ironmongery  premises,  opposite  present 
City  Bank,  Pitt-stre^  totally  destroyed,  August  17, 
1860. 

J.  Goidstein's  shop,  lower  George-street,  totally  de- 
stroyed February  5, 1860. 

Dean  and  Co.,  auctioneers', O'Connell-street ;  firo  by  ex- 
plosion of  gun  cotton,  Haroh  1, 1860. 

Prince  of  W  Jes  Theatre  (three  lives  lost),  October  3, 1860. 

A.  Cooper,  wine  and  spirit  stores,  Sussex-street  south  ; 
upper  portion  of  stpres  destroyed,  December  8,  I860. 

Michael  Boylson's  flour  miUs,  several  buildings,  totally 
destroyed,  January  24, 1861. 

G.  Lind,  tofaocoonistV  King-street,  April  21, 1861. 

Curran,  furniture  dealer's  woifcshops,  &c,  Pitt-street, 
totally  destroyed,  June  80, 1861. 

Buchanan, Skinner  and  Co's.  ice-house,  totally  burnt,  May 
24, 1862. 

R.  Johnson,  fire  at  Gunnedah  ;  store  and  workmen's 
dwelling  destroyed,  June  6,  1862. 

J.  and  E.  Row,  chemists ,  stores,  Bank  Court,  totally  de- 
stroyed, August  3, 1862. 


100 


FLAG,  BRITISH— FLOGGma 


Foster,  oonfectioner'B,  bnildingi,  George-rti^et,  totelly 

destroyed,  August  29, 1802. 
St  Muy'B  Cathedral  totaUy  destroyed,  June  29, 1866. 

John  Fruer  aDdCo'a,  York^etreet,  totally  destroyed, 
July  20, 1806. 

Tbomas  W^lsh,  srocer's,  three  shops  totally  destroyed, 
Deconber  14, 1866. 

John  Hill  and  Co.,  fumitore  deal0n',King<street,  totally 
destroyed;  steam  engines  first  used,  Deosmber  21, 
1886. 

Joseph  Weame*s  Anchor  Flour  Hills,  Barker«trBet, 
totally  destroyed.  Januanr  18, 1806. 

MoUlsoii  and  BlacK,  merchants,  great  explosion  nitro- 
glycerine, ^dge-street,  March  4, 1806. 

James  Hurley's  (jgroeerX  Olebe  road,  and  six  wooden 
cottages,  totally  destroved,  August  2, 1880. 

Victoria  Theatre,  fire  nader  stage,  Ignited  by  an  incen- 
diary, October  20,  1800L 

Portion  of  roof  of  St  Vincent's  Hospital,  Victoria-street, 
November  18, 1860. 

K  Keivike  and  others  in  King-street  and  Qeoige  sUeet, 
several  premises  destroyed,  December  21,  I860. 

K  Forster,  hairdresser's,  and  three  others,  destroyed, 
Febrttanr6,  1807. 

A.  A.  Lackerstein,  pickle  merchant,  894  Qeorgei  street, 
known  as  *«  Sands'  flrB,"  AprU  18,  1807. 

Michael  Goldstein,  draper's,  shop  and  contents,  Pitt- 
street,  destroyed,  Sq)tember  28, 1807. 

J.  B.  Holdsworth,  ironmonser's  back  stores,  Geoige- 
street,  totally  destroyed,  lurch  1, 1808. 

St  Mary's  temporaiy  cathedral,  weatherboaxd  building, 
totally  destroyed,  January  6, 1800. 

The  temporar>'  Town  Hall,  Wynyard-square,  some  re- 
cords were  destroyed,  December  80, 1869. 

Blackvrall  wool  stores.  Circular  Quay,  large  quantity  of 
wool  and  flax,  botn  stores  and  contents  destroyed, 
February  9,  1870. 

Fire  in  Hunter-street,  the  roof  of  Nos.  10, 18,  20,  22,  24, 
and  20  destroyed,  September  20,  1870. 

D.  F.  Metcalfs  back  premises  and  contents,  Pitt-street, 
destroyed,  C.  Newton  Brothers  narrowly  esoiyed, 
November  2, 1870. 

A.  S.  N.  Co.'s  works.  Pyrmont,  large  quantity  of  patterns 
destroved,  November  22, 1S70. 

J.  Pemell  and  Co.'s  flour  mills,  Parramatta-street,  totally 
destroyed,  sugar  worlcs  narrowly  escaped,  only  saved 
by  the  stream  of  water  thrown  by  steam-engine.  De- 
cember 11,  1870. 

Wm.  Foy,  ironmonger's,  front  building  Hunter-street, 
totally  destroyed,  several  stores  narrowly  escaped, 
December  18, 1870. 

Prince  of  Wales  Opera  House,  King  and  Castlereagh 
streets,  Sydney,  totally  destroyed  with  four  houses  in 
King-street,  crushed  by  the  falling  of  walls,  two  per- 
sons injured  in  King-street,  seven  houses  partially  de- 
stroyed, three  houses  Castlereagh-etreet  partially  de- 
stroyed, flour  mill  destroyed,  three  lives  lost  by  the 
southern  wall  falling.  January  0, 1872. 

Barker  and  Co.'8  tweed  fiictory,  Sussex-street  building 

gutted,  May  17, 1872. 
Mrs.  J.  Ellis's  and  three  other  houses  destroyed,  flre 

buildings  altogether  damaged,  January  29, 1878. 

Seamer  k  Robertson's  saw-mills,  Woolloomooloo,  totally 
destroyed,  three  cottages  also  injured,  April  19, 1873. 

The  roofs  of  six  cottages  (called  the  "  Rookery  "X  John 

street,  Pyrmont,  June  21, 1874. 
J.  Booth  and  Co.'s  saw  mills,  Balmain,  totally  destroyed, 

December  14.  1874. 
Back  premises  of  Lane,  Chester,  and  Co. ,  ship  chandlers. 

Lower  George-street   totally  destroyed,   August   8, 

1875. 
Destructive  flre,  Kent-street  north,  four  houses  totally 

destroyed,  no  water  available,  September  21, 1875. 

Castlemaine  brewery,  Darling  Harbour,  malt-house  de- 
stroyed, September  24, 1875. 

Toum  and  Country  Joumaiand  Evening  2iew»  oiBoes, 
(damages,  £6,000),  December  18, 1875. 

Mort  and  Nichol's  meat  preserving  works.  Darling 
Harbour,  great  danuge  done,  December  20, 1876. 

SajTwell's  tobacco  factor)',   Clarence-street  October  5, 

1870. 
J.  G.  Hanks  and  Co.,  grocers',  George-street,  totally  de« 

stroyed,  April  23, 1877. 
Ten  otflces,  Albert-street,  Circular  Quay,  with  contents 

destroyed,  February  20, 1878. 


EMInton  Lodgt^  Glebe  Point,  totally  destroyed,  iodnd- 
Ing  valuable  library  of  over  five  hundred  volumfli,  be- 
longing to  Mr.  H.  N.  Montagu,  May  S,  1878. 

Timaru(S.Z.y.    Disastrous  fire,  May  18, 1872. 

WeUinffton(S.Z.).   I^ige  flre,  March  20, 187Sw 

FIRES  ON  8HIP& 

Ship  "  Mary  BaunattaM,"  partially  burnt,  July  11, 186& 
Ship  **  William  WooUsy "  burnt  in  harbour,  May  9, 18H. 
**  Robert  Buyers  **  totally  destroyed,  November  6, 


Bane 
1&4. 


Brig  "  Maiy  Grant,"  in  Darling  Harbour,  March  9, 1857. 

Ship  **  Catteaux  Wattle,"  cargo  destroyed,  scuttkd  &t 
lOlson's  Pobit,  May  4,  1800. 

Ship  "British  Merehaat,"  at  Smith's  wharf,  scuttled, 
totally  destroyed,  September  2, 1860. 

Ship  "Sovereign  of  the  Seas,**  at  (Srcubv Quay,  1,900 
tons  of  cargo  destroyed,  September  10, 180L 

Hie  ship  "Competitor,  "off  Furm  Cove,  narrowly  escaped 
destruction,  September  28, 1801. 

Steamer  "Claad  Hamilton,"  in  Mort's  Dock,  flre  broke 

out  in  forecastle,  December  8. 188L 
Schooner  "Lurllne,**  cook's  galley,  Darling  harbcnr, 

August  7, 1808. 
Ship  "  lightning  "  burnt  at  Geelong,  October  90,  ISflO. 

Steamer  "  Alchymist,"  Patent  slip  wharf,  Sussex-street, 
partially  destroyed,  April  8, 1809. 

Barque  *'  Linie  and  Rose,"  cargo  of  coals,  took  flre, 
scuttled  in  Johnston's  Bay,  afterwards  raised  by  tbe 
brigade  steam  flre-engine,  December  24, 1872. 

Schooner  "  Leolis,"  partially  destroyed,  December  9, 
1878. 

Steamer  "Edhia,"  at  Struth's  wharf,  sllghUy  injomi. 
September  22, 1876. 

Ship  *'  Sir  John  Lawrence,"  Circular  Qusy,  damage  done 
to  the  wool  cargo,  December  8,  1875. 

Steamer  "  Maidy,"  Circular  Quay,  damaged,  Januarr 
20,1877. 

S.  S.  "  Ly-ee-Moon,"  off  the  A.  8.  N.  Oo.'s  works,  Pyr- 
mont (damage,  upwards  of  £7,000 ;  extinguished  by 
steam-engine  guardian),  November  4,  1877. 

The  "  Ariel,"  at  Miller's  Point  (galley  and  partof  deck  in- 
jured), January  8, 1878. 

The  ketch  "  Ocean  Wave,"  Darling  Harbour,  sUgbtly 
damaged,  April  6,  1878. 

The'*iEgeria,"  steam  Uunch,  off  Dibbs's  wharf,  scnttlel 
May  24, 1878. 

Barque  "Atlantis,"  Darling  Harbour,  considerably 
damaged,  July  11, 1878. 

The  "Iserbrook,"  (brig),  partially  destroyed  by  fir« 
in  the  harbour,  December  21,  1878.  [The  captain, 
who  was  in  the  hold  drawing  <m  some  rum  wh«n  the 
flre  ignited,  was  smothered ;  it  is  susposed  that  tbe 
rum  exploded.] 

[See  SHiFWBflCKS  and  Shitpiko  Disasters.] 

FLAG,  British,  First  hoisted  in  Australia, 
January  26,  1788. 

FLAGSTAFF,  First,  was  set  up  at  the  South 
Head,  Sydney,  by  which  the  intelli^oce  of  the 
approach  of  any  vessel  could  be  immediately 
communicated  to  those  in  Sydney,    1790. 

"  FLEET,  First."  The  "  Sinus,"  frieatc,  Cap- 
tain Hunter,  ;  "  Supply,"  armed  tender.  Lieu- 
tenant H.  E.  BaU;  "Golden  Grove,"  ''Fish- 
bum,"  "Barrowdale,"  storeships;  *'UAy 
Pen^hn,"  "Friendship,"  "Charlotte,"  "Prince 
of  Wales,"  "Alexander,"  "Scarborough, 
transports,  commissioned,  1787. 

FLOGGING.    [See  Convicts.] 


FLOODS  AND  DBOUOHTS. 


JOl 


FLOODS 

AND  DROUGHTS  nr  New  South  Walks. 

nooDS. 

DSOUOBTS. 

Titf 

Jtn. 

Feb. 

Mtf. 

April 

May.   Joiml 

July. 

Aoir. 

Sept 

Oct. 

Not. 

Dec 

1788 
I78B 
1»0 

ITU 

17B2 
17n 

17M 
17K 

vm 

17W 
17B8 

L-90 

1800 
U)l 
1802 
1803 

U04 
180fi 

1806 

1807 
1808 
1800 

1810 

18U 

1812 
UlS 

1814 
1815 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 

1822 
18S3 
1824 

1825 

1826  J 

•  • 

•  • 

•  * 

•  • 

•  • 

Finod. 

mm 
m  ■ 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 
ft  • 
m  m 

m  • 

•  • 
■  ft 

•  ft 

ft  • 

ft  • 
V  « 

ft   ■ 

•  • 

PlMd. 

ft  • 
ft  ■ 

•  ft 

•  ft 

•  • 

•  ft 
«  ■ 

PlMd. 

ft  ft 

•  • 
ft  • 

•  • 

•  ft 

•  • 

a  ft 

•  • 

m  • 

•  • 

ft  ft 

ft  ■ 

•  • 
ft  « 

a  • 
a  ft 

ft  • 

Flood. 

ft  a 

ft  a 
ft  • 

•  ■ 

•  • 

Flood. 

ft  ft 

a  a 
ft  • 

Fraih. 
Flood. 

Flood. 

■  m 
ft  a 

ft  ft 

•  ft 

•  • 

FlMd. 

a  • 
a  • 
a  ft 

■  ft 

•  m 
m  m 

a  • 

•  • 

ft  a 

•  a 

a  • 

Flood. 

Flood. 
Rood. 

ft  a 

•  • 

ft  ft 

Flood. 
Great 
Flood. 

ft  ft 
a  ft 

•  a 

•  • 

•  • 

Flood. 

ft  ft 

•  • 

•  • 

•  ft 

Flood. 

ft  • 

Flood. 

a  ft 
ft  • 

ft  a 
a  a 

•  ft 

a  ft 

•  • 

• 
m 
a 

a 

• 
• 

• 
ft 

• 
m 

ft 

ft 

• 
a 
■ 
a 

ft 

Flo 

• 
• 

a 
• 

a 
• 

• 
• 
• 

• 

a 
• 

• 
a 

• 
• 

a 

a 

• 
a 
• 
• 

a 

od. 

• 
• 
a 

• 

a 
It 

a  • 
a  a 
ft  a 

ft  a 

a  • 
«  a 

•  • 

•  ft 

■  • 

•  ft 

•  • 

ft  • 

•  a 

•  a 
ft  ft 
a  a 

•  • 
ft  ft 
a  a 

Flood 
Flood. 

a  a 

a  a 
ft  a 

.. 

a  • 
ft  ft 

Flood. 

a  ft 
a  a 
ft  ft 
ft  ft 

ft  • 

•  ■ 
ft  ft 

a  a 
a  ft 

•  • 
ft  ft 

•  • 

a  a 

ft  • 

•  • 

a  a 
ft  a 

ft  ft 
ft  a 

a  a 

a  a 

•  • 

•  a 
ft  a 
a  ft 

a  a 
a  a 
ft  a 

a  a 
•  •• 

a  a 

ft  ft 

a  a 

a  a 

•  a 

ft  a 
ft  ft 

Flood. 

ft  a 

•  a 

Flood. 
Flood. 
Flood. 

a  a 
a  a 
a  a 

a  ft 
••• 

•  • 

ft  a 
a  a 

ft  a 

a  • 
a  a 

a  a 
a  a 

a  a 

•  » 

a  a 

a  ft 

a  a 
a  a 
ft  a 

•  ft 

ft  a 

•  • 
a  a 

Flood. 

a  a 

Flood. 

a  a 

a  a 
ft  ft 

ft  ft 
a  ft 
a  ft 
V  a 

•  • 
a  ft 

Flood. 

ft  ft 

a  • 
a  a 
■  ft 

a  a 

•  ft 

e  • 

•  a 

•  • 

a  a 

ft  a 
a  a 

•  • 

Flood. 

a  a 
a  ft 

a  a 

•  • 
ft  a 

Flood. 

a  a 
a  • 

•  • 

a  a 
ft  a 

a  • 

Flood. 

a  • 
a  a 

•  • 
a  a 

a  a 

•  ft 
ft  a 

ft  a 

a  a 
a  • 

a  9 
a  • 

ft  ft 
a  • 

•  a 

a  a 

a  ft 
ft  a 
a  ft 

•  ft 

ft  ft 

nood. 

a  ft 
ft  ft 
a  a 

a  ft 

a  ft 

ft  ft 
ft  a 

ft  ft 
ft  ft 
ft  ft 
ft  ft 
ft  a 
a  a 

Flood. 

a  a 
a   « 
ft  ft 

Flood. 

ft  ft 

ft  a 
ft  a 

a  a 

ft  a 
a  a 

a  ft 
a  ft 

•  • 
a  a 

ft  a 

ft  ft 

a  a 
ft  ft 
a  ft 
a  a 

ft  a 

Flood. 

ft  a 

Flood. 

a   ft 
ft  • 

a  ft 

•  a 
ft  a 

a  a 

•  ft 
ft  a 
ft  ft 
a  ft 
a  ft 
a  ft 
a  a 

ft  ft 
ft  ■ 

Flood. 

ft   a 
a  a 

ft  ft 
ft  ft 

a  a 
a  ft 

ft  ft 
a  a 

a  a 
ft  a 

a  a 
ft  a 

a  ft 

ft  a 

ft  a 
a  a 
ft  a 
a  a 

ftftft 

Flood. 

ft  a 

Flood. 

a  a 
•  • 

a  a 

Flood. 

a  a 

a  a 
a  ft 
a  a 
a  a 
ft  a 

Flood. 

a  a 

ft  ft 
a  a 
ft  ft 

a  a 
ft  a 

•  ft 
ft  ft 

a  a 
ft  ft 

a  a 
a  ft 

a  a 
a  ft 

ft  ■ 
a  a 

ft  ft 

a  a 

«  ft 
a  • 
a  • 
ft  a 

a  a 
a  a 

•  a 

ft  a 
a  a 

•  a 

a  a 

•  a 

4 

•  a 
a  a 
«  • 
ft  a 
«  a 

Flood 

•  a 

•  a 
a  a 
«  a 

a  a 
a  a 

Ko  nin  is  aaid  to  haTe  fiillen  at 
Sydnej  in  1790,  from  June  to 
Nor.  InOct.,gTBM  all  dried  up. 

In  Jan.  and  Feb.  1791,  eevenl 
weeln  of  ezoeatlve  heat,  hot 
windii,  birds  dropped  dead  from 
trees  and  eversrthlng  burnt 
up,  stream  of  water  supplying 
Sydney  nearly  dried  up. 

Several  good  crops  of  wheat  at 
Parramatta  in  spite  of  drought. 

Bain  of  April  came  too  late  to 
save  com,  August  wheat  quite 
yellow. 

Much  wheat  blighted,  yield 
small 

5  feet  less  water  at  Windsor  in 
April  than  in  February,  owing 
to  the  previous  dry  weather 
since  August  last 

Heavy  bush  flres  in  Januarr. 
Flinders  and  Baas  saw  certain 
signs  of  drought  at  Bateman's 
Bay  and  Western  Port 

September,  pastures  and  gar- 
dens wanting  ruin ;  bush  fires 
in  Deoembo'  ;  thermometer 
107  deg.  in  shade  at  Windsor. 

Bush  fires,  drought,  grass  burnt 
up,  cattle  in  great  distress. 

3Iar.— TTie  drought  was  severely 
felt  in  all  parts  of  the  colony. 
May  29— No  rain  except  passing 
showers  since  last  July. 

February-^Long  droufl^t 

January  —  Drought.  April  — 
long  iMriod  of  dry  weather. 

Feb.  11— Town  gangs  cleaned 
out  tanks;  drought  severely 
felt.  Nov.  24— New  wheat  84s. 
bushel ;  harvest  promised  to  be 
abundant:  seven  days  later 
price  18s.  Dushel 

March  2— Drought  destroyed 
maize  crop  ;  tanks  empty; 
water  Od.  per  pailful 

Drought  previklent  1R12  and 
1818;  so  severe  that  Went- 
worth  and  party  were  led  to 
cross  the  Dividing  Bange. 

Droni^t 

Drought  after  September,  1821, 
to  February,  1822. 

Turnips  ftUled -through  extreme 
drought,  1824. 

102 


FLOOSa^  AND  DBOUQHia 


FLOODS  AND  DROUGHTS  in  New  South  Wausi    mniknud. 


PLOODSl 


Diouttim. 


Tear. 


Jon. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


April. 


May. 


Jons. 


1827 
1828 


1829 


1880 

1881 
1882 

1888 
1884 


1886 
1887 


1838 
1888 


1810 

1841 
1848 

3848 
1844 
1846 
1846 

1847 

1848 
1849 
1850 
1861 
1852 
1868 
1864 

1866 
1856 
1867 
1856 

1869 
1880 
1861 
1862 

1868 
1864 
1865 

1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
U71 
1872 

1878 
1874 

1875 
1876 
1878 


Fr«8h 


Flood 
Fmh 

Flood 

«  • 

Flood 
Flood 


Fresh 
Flood 

Flood 
Flood 


FVwd 


Flood 

THj  ■  ■  li 

Fraab 


Flood 

•  • 

Flood 
Flood 


FVaah 
Flood 


Small 
Flood 
Flood 


Flood 

•  ■ 

Flood 


Flood 
Flood 


Flood 
Flood 


Freah 


Flood 


Flood 


Flood 
Fresh 


Fresh 
Flood 
Flood 


HeavT 
Flood 
Flood 
Flood 

Cweiu 
Flood 


Fresh 


Fresh 

lyesb 
Fresh 


Flood 


Flood 
Flood! 


Flood! 

Fresh 
Flood 
Flood 


Fresh 


n 


floodod 
Flood 


Flood 


Fresh 


Flood 

Fresh 
Fresh 


Fresh 


Flood 

•  • 

Flood 
Flood 
Fresh 


Fresh 
Flood 


Flood 


Flood 

•  • 

Flood 
Flood 


Flood! 

Flood 

Flood 

Fresh 
Flood 


Flood 
Fresh 
Flood 


Jvly. 


Flood 


Fresh 


Freah 


VwA 


Floods 


Flood 


Flood 
Flood 


Flood 
Flood 


Fresh 
Fresh 
Fresh 


Flood 
Flood 

■Flood 


Aog. 


8apt 


Oofc. 


Vw.    D9e. 


Flood 


Flood 


Flood 


Freah 


Fresh 


Flood 


Ftesb 


Flood 


Flood 
Fresh 


Fresh 


Flood 


Fresh 
Fresh 


Flood 


Flood 
Flood 


Fresh 


Freah 
Flood 


Fresh 


Flood 


Floods 


Freah 


Freah;  Flood 
Fresh!  Freah 


Flood 


Flood 


Flood 


F^nsh 

Flood 
Flood 


Flood 


Flood 
Flood 
Flood 


Drought  so  bad  stodc  had  to  bt 
removed  from  30,000  tarn  at 
CWnden  for  want  of  water. 

Sturf  s  Expedition(Harch.  18B) : 
—"  I  saw  rivers  cease  to  fievaod 
aheets  of  water  disappear." 


Auffust  very  dry. 

At  Illawarra,  in  Jannaiy,  theToni 
Thumb  Lacoon  dried  ap  (nail- 
ly  6  mileam  cireimifereDee). 

Jan.,  theniuNneterl09*iDafaBd«; 
Feby.  drought  at  niaanna, 
Argyle»  and  Maitfauid 

Q.M.  Pitt  says  wheat  sown  oo  the 
Hunter  In  Hay  had  not  germi- 
nated in  September. 

2nd  Novr.— Day  of  bnmfliatioD 
on  account  of  drooriit 

Feby.  — Go  wpaatoirs  Bivereasad 
to  flow  flrettimesinoe  diaeorar 
forty-eijrht  years  preriooihr; 
March,  dead  cattle  slongroads; 
no  food  for  man  or  beast ;  Bn- 
ter  salt  at  W.  Maitland. 

Mudgee  district  diy,  althongb 
floods  in  the  nortti. 

Drou^t  Aug.  to  Feb. ,  1843 ;  Pit- 
'  running  in  Hw- 


Droughty  weather. 

Only  chain  of  ponds  In  bed  of 

Him'er  at  Shigleton. 
Drought  July,  1847,  to  Jsonary. 

1848 ;  dreadfully  dry  Deoante- 


Droushft  August  to  March. 


Drought  Aug.  18  ;/«(on  acooont 
of  £t)ught  Sept  to  Jan^  UH- 

Drought  October  to  Febi^  1856. 
Very  serious  drought  in  <lOseM- 

land ;  Lake  Qraoemere  (Rock- 

hampton)  dty. 

Very  dry  Nov.  to  Jim.  1862. 
Fearfully  diy ;  Aug.  to  Jan.  1885. 
Very  diy  Oct  to  Feb.,  1884 

Drought 

Very  dry  summer ;  Jan.  18«y 
of  ftot  on  account  of  dnmgK 
Very  dry  Oct  to  Jan.,  1888. 


Very  dry  summer. 
Drought 


FLOODS  AND  XXIOVKSHTS— PLTING  FOXES. 


109 


A  molt  dsftvuctlTV  ovuiCkiwInv  of 
tk0  Biver  iUwluabuiy  took  pUca  in  H»rch,  1806: 
9,000  bushela  of  com  were  destroyed,  one  hundred 
persoDi,  men,  women,  and  children,  who  bed  taken 
nfege  on  the  root  ot  their  houeee  and  **on  rafts  ol 
itaaw  floaltoff  on  th«  delude,**  were  saved  hy  tiio  oxer- 
tiou  of  one  Mr.  Arundell,  a  reeidont,  and  Mr.  Bigyers. 
The  value  of  uroperty  deetroyed  amounted  to  £85,000 ; 
by  this  flood  toe  colony  was  almost  reduced  to  a 
ftunjae,- -wheat  roee  to  X4  a  buabel,  and  the  2'lb.  loaf 
to5a:  September  24, 180& 
1  tremendous  fall  of  rain  was  experiexKKd  in  Sydney, 
Uarch  SO,  1834.  IDurin^  five  hours  some  of  the  streets 
bed  tiie  appeevance  of  swollen  rivers,  and  to  such  an 
exteei  did  the  wiUars  aooumulate,  that  youths  were 
MSQ  iwimming  about  in  the  carriage  ways.  The  f oun- 
dMions  of  many  houses  were  injured,  and  the  main 
gnsni-hoase  in  Lower  Qeoiye-street  gave  way,  the 
roof  blKag  in  with  a  crash.  U  wae  estimated  thai 
il0,00O  woold  not  cover  tlie  loss  occasioned  by  tlte 
torrents  ci  water  which  saturated  dwellinn  and 
ploughed  up  streets  during  the  short  period  of  a  few 

OimdstMC  Ftasft  Gundscai  flood,  Febrottry,  1844.  Tlis 
Valley  of  the  Humunmagee  was  converted  into  an  in- 
had  sea ;  the  town  of  Oundagai  was  swept  away,  only 
Mven  buildings  remaning  out  of  IS,  aiui  80  persons 
paished  ool  w  »  population  of  260i  The  watvs  oomp 
■eseed  ririag  on  Thursdi^  night,  and  did  not  begin  to 
fftll  until  Saturday  morning :  June  86, 1852. 

Amatflnodtook  ^aoe in  almost  all  parts  of  the  ooloQy, 
the  ooanlry  ad jaoent  to  the  Shoalhaven  and  Aimlnen 
Uvsfi^  hi  tM  south,  suflsfing  mostfrom  this  visitation. 
The  proq)eets  of  the  agriculturists  and  the  digrers 
vers  alike  blasted  by  the  overwhelmingwators.  Any 
H*M  were  lost^  and  In  some  instances  whole  families 
««•  drowned.  Entire  hounes  were  overwhekned,  and 
Oittle,  crope,  fenoes,  sgricuHural  implements,  the 
vredL  of  nousefaolds  and  farms  were  carried  to 
the  Ma,  strewing  the  sea  coast  for  a  distance  of  miles ; 
•Be  piopifetor  near  Ooulhnm  lost  2,000  sheep.  At 
Bnidwood,  another  proprietor  lost  to  the  extent  of 
AOOO;  the  railway  works  lost  to  a  great  extent,  em> 
Uokmeuts  being  washed  from  under  the  rails,  culverts 
bunt,  and  bridges  destroyed  by  the  combined  fbroe  of 
ths  rashing  wnten  snd  msBses  oC  floating  tlnbar: 
Febnisiy.1800. 

Btukurtt.    Town  of  Kelao  psrtly  submenied.  Decern- 

,b«r  16,1872. 

imnlL   Heavy  floods,  Decsmbsr  a,  1872. 

CwsM.   Heavy  floods,  June  1, 1878 ;  March,  187flk 

mrenee  Bivr  diatrieL  Devastating  floods  and  loss  of 
fih.  The  damage  done  at  Oraf  ton  alone  estimated  »t 
iM,O0O,  July  22, 1876. 

^hU  end  Height  %»  feet  above  mean  Hdal  UveL 


<'BBeao,l857,Y«ry  small  flood, 
ft.    in. 

^n,m7    ..  8»    1 

i«n«t22.1857  ..87      1 
'«^12,1800       ..    96     9 


April  S0«,  1860 
July  26, 1860 
Nov.  10, 1860 
April  90, 1861      . 


ft.  ia 

86  8 

34  8 

36  4 

26  8 


Amn  Msy,  1861,  to  June,  1864,  several  freshes  and  amaU 
floods  occurred,  but  none  of  any  consequence. 

^P«13,ia64 


^y  18, 1894  ..  35 

{ane  1&,  1866  . .  36 

'.«l3rl2,1806  ..  36 

{friiao,ia67  ..  26 

J>nea,i867  ..  62 

Wx  19.1888  ..  20 

«y9.180B  ..  36 

■wch3l,1870  ..  27 

4pnlffl,1870  ..  44 

«J  13-14, 1870  ..  34 


4  Not.  21, 1870 

6  April  90, 1871 
0  May  2, 1871 

0  T>b.  26-27, 1873 

8  June  17-18»  1878 

7  Feb.  23, 1874 
2  June  7,  1875 
0  Hay  2-8, 1877 

6  Ju&  16-17, 1877 

4  Feb.  0-10, 1878 
0 


26 
31 
36 

41 
27 
26 
38 
20 
26 
26 


8 
3 
4 

10 
4 
7 
2 
7 
0 
9 


b  IfiTO.  at  Palmer's  Farm  of  100  acres,  50  acres  wore 

VBshed  away  and  the  confluence  of  the  Hawkesbury 

tod  the  Qroee  entirely  changftdi 
Snice  the  Richmond  Bndge  was  built  in  1868-3,  the  river 

bss  so  encroached  on  the  south  side  as  to  necessltato 

the  bridge  being  lenicthened  00  feet 
ne  highest  flood  in  the  memory  of  any  of  the  iHiito  In- 

babitants  ooeurred  in  June  1867. 
Tumut  and  Biverima  d»#(ru:t»— After  the  great  drought 

in  1830  veiy  favourable  seasons  took  place  up  to  1843. 

In  1844  occurred  the  first  heavy  flood  in  the  Tumut 


snd  MuxTumMdgae  Rivers,  in  September.  Ftom  lBi& 
to  1850  the  seasons  were  favourable,  the  river  occa- 
sionally flooded,  but  not  to  any  serious  extent.  Tlie 
winter  of  1840  w*s  dry,  and  nothing  but  light  show«BB 
fell  till  May,  1831,  bdng  the  severest  drought  remem* 
bered,  and  most  serious  in  its  consequences.  This 
drought  was  confined  to  the  western  slopes,  and  was 
so  severe  that  large  quantities  of  st(x:k  perished  from 
thirst.  The  winter  of  1862  was  the  wettest  known, 
and  then  occurred  the  great  flood  at  Oundag^  (which 
see)  on  June  26, 1852.  The  next  severe  drought  was 
in  1868,  most  felt  in  the  Lachlan  and  Murrumbidgee 
Rivers.    The  principal  floods  in  the  Murrumbidgee 

River  since  have  been— 

OvaOagBL  W.Wagfa, 
ft.  in.         ft.  iST 


1863,  when  the  rirer  rose  38  10  ..  35    0 

1867 

28    0  ..  30    7 

1867  (second  flood)   „       26    4  ..  27  10 

April  27, 
fiayW, 

1870 

„       „       „       38    0  ..  35    0 

1870 

„        „        „        32    0  ..  82    6 

May  24, 

1870 

»        t.        „        28    6  ..  28    0 

June  4, 

1870 

„        „        „        88    6  ..  28    0 

October  SO, 

1870 

>,        t*        t.        30    4  ..  U    (^ 

Bunier  Biter. 

Te«r.       FMt.bowhifli 

*•"♦           wairrBMrk. 

1820     .... 

37 

0 

1826     .... 

20 

0 

1832     .... 

20 

0 

1840     .... 

26 

0  very  siiddeniiss,  and  several  peoplt 

drowned. 
0  June. 

18^7    .... 

26 

„       .... 

27 

0  July. 

l&l    .*.*.'.* 

20 

0  August 

21 

0  April. 

ft       . . .  • 

25 

0  July. 

„       .... 

25 

6  August. 

1864    .... 

28 

0  Febniai7. 

»»       .... 

24 

0  June  4. 

t*       •  • .  ■ 

26 

0  June  11. 

It       .... 

25 

0  July  15. 

,,       .... 

24 

0  August  0. 

1867     .... 

30 

0  June. 

1873     .... 

July  27,  flood,  no  note  of  height. 

1874     .... 

January,  high  flood,  33  ft.  0  in. 

1876     .... 
»»       .... 

Maxvh  2,  high  flood. 
June,  hiigh  flood. 

Floods  in  ohur  AnsnuuAic  OoiiOiinB  :^ 

Greatest  flood  ever  known  in  Port  Phillip  (now  VietoiltX- 

1844. 
Great  floods  in  Ipswich,  December  17, 1845. 
Great  floods  at  Hobart  Town,  l^wmania.  Febroaiy.  97. 

1854. 
Great  flood  at  Bsllarat,  April  24,  1860l 
Heavy  floods  in  Queensland,  1863. 
Heavy  floods  in  Queensland,  1860. 
Great  floods  hi  Victoria,  September  0,  1870l 
Great  floods  in  West  AustnOla,  October,  1870. 
Great  floods  in  New  2Sea]and,  September,  1871. 
Great  floods  in  Tasmania,  June  11, 1872. 
Great  flood  of  the  Condamine  River,  Queenshnd,  Jianoary 

14, 1878. 
Disastrous  floods  (2)  at  Normanton,  Queoislaad,  Feb" 

ruary  14,  1878. 
Heavy  floods  in  Queensland,  Februaiy  and  Marcfi,  1875. 
Heavy  flood  of  Fltsroy  River,  Queenstend,  April  26, 1876. 
Destructive  floods  in  South  Australis.  May  10, 1875. 
Heavy  flood  of  the  Oampaspe,  Yictoria,  June  0, 1876. 
Disastrous  floods  at  Sandhurst,  February  20, 1878. 
Serious  flood  in  Melbourne— the  heaviest  sinoe  1888. 

Several  chains  of  the  Yan  Yean  aqueduct  swept  «way, 

March  16, 187& 

PLYING-FOXES. 

Plague  of  flying-foxes  (then  called  1>ats)  visited 
Roee  Hill,  N.SrW.,  Feb.,  1791.  [From  the 
numbers  whioh  fell  into  the  bn>ok  at  Rose  Hill, 
the  water  was  tainted  for  several  days,  and  it  is 
supposed  that  more  than  20,000  of  them  were 
seen  within  the  space  of  one  mile.  Many  of 
these  were  of  great  size.  Governor  Phillip  saw 
one  which  measured  four  feet  between  the  tip  of 
\  each  wing.] 


104 


FOOTBALL— FREEMASONRY. 


FOOTBALL.  The  Sydney  ifonitor  reported  for 
the  first  time  that  the  toldiers  in  the  Sydney 
barracks  amused  themselves  with  a  game  called 
Football,  Jnly  25,  1829. 

FORBES,  Sib  Francis.     [See  "  Msn  ot  the 
Time."    (Forbes,  Sir  Francis.  J] 

FORT  BOURKE. 

Sir  Thomas  Mitchell  reached  the  Darling,  and 
whilst  there  erected  a  stockade,  which  was 
named  Fort  Bourke,  May,  1835.  [This  place 
is  now  an  important  flourishing  town.] 

FORTa 

A  half -moon  battery  completed  at  the  east 
end  of  Sydney  Gove,  May,  1798.  [On  it  were 
mounted  some  guns  of  a  trader  which  accom- 
panied the  original  expedition.] 
^  Two  other  batteries,  one  commanding  a  posi- 
tion on  the  west  side  of  the  town,  and  another 
on  Garden  Island,  completed  1799. 

The  foundation-stone  of  Fort  Phillip  (on  the 
site  of  the  present  Observatory),  Sydney,  laid. 
Sept  4,  1804. 

FOSSIL.  Important  discovery  of  fossil  remains 
in  Gowrie  Creek,  Queensland,  Aug.  5, 1873. 

FBANKLIK,  Ladt,  wife  of  Sir  John  Franklin, 
accomplished  a  journey  overland  from  Sydney  to 
Port  PhiUip,  May,  1839.  [See  "Men  of  the 
Time"  (Franklin,  Lady),] 

FRAUD. 

John  Thomas  Wilson  absconded  from  the 
colony  in  the  brig  |*  Venus,"  which  vessel  he 
had  Dought  a  short  time  previously,  and  put  on 
board  her  a  full  cargo  purchased  from  Sydney 
merchants  and  tradesmen,  Oct.  19,  1839.  [His 
debts  amounted  to  upwards  of  £30,000.  Giving 
his  horse  to  a  porter  to  take  care  of,  he  left  the 
Conmiercial  Wharf  by  the  "Sophia  Jane" 
steamer,  proposing  only  to  go  down  l&e  harbour ; 
boarded  tne  orig  outside  the  Heads.  The  great 
bulk  of  the  property  left  behind  him  was 
claimed  by  A.  Polack,  who  paid  the  creditors 
75  per  cent,  of  their  claims.  ] 

[See  Swindlers.] 

FREEMASONRY. 

Henry  Broum  Hayes  having  applied  to  the 
Governor  for  pemussion  to  hold  a  Freemason's 
Lodge  in  Sycbiey,  and  bein^  refused,  held  one 
notwithstanding,  and  for  this  offence  was  sen- 
tenced to  hard  labour  at  the  new  settlement  of 
Van  Diemen's  Land,  May  16,  1803. 

First  Lodges  in  Australia.  The  first  regular 
Lodge  opened  in  the  colony  was  held  by  the 
officers  of  the  46th  Regiment  in  1814,  and  called 
"Social  and  Military  Virtues,  No.  227."  The 
second  was  held  in  the  48th  Re^jiment,  "No. 
218,"  when  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Sydney  were  initiated.  A  dispensation  was 
granted  to  them,  with  a  recommendation  to  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  Ireland  for  a  warrant.  The 
third  was  the  "Australian  Social  Lodge,  No. 
260,"  under  warrant  from  the  Grand  Lodge  of 


Ireland,  with  powers  to  grant  dispensatioa  in 
the  Australian  colonies.  It  was  installed  Angoit 
12,  1820.  The  fourth  was  held  in  the  lOth 
Regiment  under  the  title  of  "  ThomhiU*B  Lodge, 
No.  284,"  in  respect,  we  presume,  to  tiie  colond 
of  the  resiment.  The  firth  was  established  in 
1823  by  dispensation  from  lodge  260,  under  the 
title  of  the  ' '  Leinster  Marine  Lodge  of  Australia, 
No.  266."  The  dispensation  was  confirmed  by 
warrant  from  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ireland.  The 
sixth  was  held  in  1836  by  the  non-comnusnoned 
officers  of  the  39th  RMnment,  under  the  title  of 
the  "Gibraltar  Lodge,  No.  128. "  In  this  lodge, 
no  one  under  the  rank  of  a  sergeant  was  allowed 
to  be  initiated ;  this,  as  well  as  tihe  whole  of  the 
foregoins,  under  the  authority  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  oflreland.  The  seventh  was  established 
under  the  title  of  the  "  Lodge  of  Australia,  No. 
820,"  afterwards  548,  by  warrant  from  the 
United  Grand  Lod^  of  Free  and  Accepted 
Masons  in  England,  m  1828,  but  was  in  abeyance 
till  December,  1833.  The  eighth  was  opened  at 
Parramatta,  in  1839,  under  the  title  of  "St 
John's  Lodge,  No.  668,"  by  die^pensation  of 
Brother  George  Robert  Nichols,  D^p^ty,  Proyin- 
cial  Grand  Master  in  Australia.  The  ninth  was 
estabUshed  at  Windsor,  under  the  title  of  the 
"  Windsor  Social  Lodge,  No.  275,"  by  dispen- 
sation from  No.  260  in  1842.  The  tenth  waa 
opened  in  Maitland,  in  1842,  under  the  title  of 
the  "  Maitland  Lodge  of  Unity. "  The  eleventh 
was  established  in  Sydney  in  1843,  under  the  title 
of  the  "  Australian  Lodge  of  Fidelity,  No.  2a" 
The  twelfth  was  opened  at  Dapto  under  the  title 
of  the  "  niawarra  Lodge  of  Unanimity  and  Con- 
cord. "  The  thirteenth  was  opened  at  Bathnnt, 
entitled  the  *  *  Bathurst  Masomc  Lodgeof  Amity. " 
The  fourteenth  was  established  in  l^dney,  en- 
titled the  "Australian  Lodge  of  Harmony." 
The  first  Royal  Arch  Chapter  was  established 
by  charter,  March,  1831,  attached  to  Lodge  260. 

Sc?0TCH  Constitution. 

The  first  Provincial  Grand  Master  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Australia  was  R.  W.  Br.  Hon.  Robert 
Campbell,  installed  by  R.  W.  Br.  Sir  Samuel 
Osborne  Gibbs,  Provincial  Grand  Master  under 
the  Constitution  of  England,  December  1, 1856. 
[The  commissioned  officers  of  the  P.  6.  Lodge 
were,  V.  W.  Br.  Alexander  Sage,  Depu^ 
P.  G.  M.  ;  W.  Br.  Sir  Daniel  Cooper,  Substitute 
P.  G.  M. ;  Dr.  John  M*FarUme,  P.  G.  Sec.] 

Petitions  received  for  erection  of  Lodges 
Sydney  Tarbolton  and  Ne¥rtown  Kilwinning, 
January  12,  1857. 

The  P.  G.  Master  reported  the  erection  of 
Lodges  Tarbolton  and  Kilwinning ;  instractions 
received  from  Grand  Lodge  of  Scotland  to  return 
thanks  to  R.  W.  Br.  Sir  S.  O.  Gibbs ;  a  levy  of 
5a.  imposed  on  each  member  of  the  constitntion 
to  support  the  P.  G.  Lodge,  July  8,  1857. 

Lodge  St.  Andrew,  358,  erected,  and  Bye-law 
confirmed  by  P.  G.  Lodge,  August  26,  1857. 

The  R.  W.  P.  G.  Master  appointed  by  com- 
mission W.  Br.  Sir  Daniel  Cooper  Deputy 
P.  G.  M.,  and  W.  Br.  J.  M*Lerie,  Substitute 
P.  G.  M.,  May  18,  1858. 


FREEMASONRY. 


105 


Petitiolu  received  for  erection  of  Lodges  Wool* 
kxMDOoloo,  Sydney ;  Star  of  the  Sontn,  Oenili- 
qsm ;  Judah,  Melbourne,  Victoria.  Tarbolton, 
377,  and  Kilwinning,  378,  consecrated,  August 
2,1857. 

Erection  of  Hunter  River  Lodge  of  Harmony, 
December  10,  1857.  [Lodge  of  Judah,  Mel- 
bourne, recommended  separation,  and  to  be 
ittiched  to  the  Victorian  Scotch  P.  6.  Lodge.] 

Annooncement  of  the  death  of  the  R.  W.  P.  G. 
Muter,  Br.  Hon.  Bobert  CampbeU,  April  8, 
1859. 

[The  following  acrostic  poem  was  read  in  Pro- 
rincial  Grand  Lodge  on  the  occasion  : — 

"  BoBSKT  Cam  PBBLL  has  departed 
On  the  Joomey  spared  to  none  : 
Bold,  and  true,  and  single-hearted, 
Earth  named  him  hsr  honest  son. 
Boond  hJs  tomb  let  age  and  youth 
TestUy  the  might  of  truth. 
Countless  works  of  worth  and  merit 
Are  his  heralds  to  the  sky. 
Myriads  UUI  his  mounting  spirit. 
Proud  to  welcome  him  on  high. 
Bom  Australians !  may  the  story 
Ers  your  noble  calling  sever, 
Like  him,  would  you  live  in  glory, 
like  him  lire,  like  him  for  ever.^ 

W.  Br.  Thomas  Hobbs,  R.  W.  M.  of  the  senior 
Lodge,  St.  Andrew,  358,  Acting  Provincial 
Grand  Master;  Dr.  John  MTarlane,  P.  G. 
Secretary,  April  18,  1859. 

Differences  occurred  as  to  the  numbers  affixed 
to  Lodges  Tarbolton  and  Kilwinnins,  the  latter 
claiming  priority,  which  was  not  allowed,  May 
16, 1859. 

list  of  Lodges  holding  under  this  Provincial 
Gnnd  Lodge,  July  25,  1859  :— 

1.  Saint  Andrew,  Sydney 

2.  Sydney  Tarbolton 

3.  Newtown  Kilwinning 

4.  Woolloomooloo 

5.  Star  of  the  South,  Deniliquin 

6.  Harmony,  West  Maitland 

7.  St.  John,  Deniliquin 

8.  Judah,  Melbourne,  Victoria. 

Br.  Capt.  Ml^erie  installed  as  Substitute 
Provincial  Grand  Master,  July  31,  1860. 

Petition  for  erection  of  Lodge  of  Harmony, 
Wagga  Wagga,  November  30,  1860. 

Commissioned  Officers  resigned  :  —  Br.  John 
M'Lcrie,  D.  P.  G.  M.;  Dr.  H.  G.  Alleyne, 
S.  P.  G.  M.  ;  Dr.  John  Woollev,  Chaplain ;  Dr. 
J.  C.  Ck}x,  Secretary.  Resolved,  That  the  Lodge 
be  adjourned  to  afiford  Br.  Dr.  J.  M'Farlane  an 
opportunity  of  explaining  the  reason  leading  to  so 
nany  of  his  officers  resigning :  March  11,  1861. 

Dr.  H.  G.  Alleyne  installed  as  P.  G.  Sub. 
Master,  April  18,  1861. 

Report  of  differences  occurring  in  the  Denili- 
qoin  Lodges,  St.  John  and  Star  of  the  South, 
reached  P.  G.  Lodge,  April  11,  1861. 


Visitation  of  Provincial  Grand  Lodge  to  the 
Sydney  and  Suburban  Lodges,  1861. 

Restoration  of  charter  to  Lodge  Newtown  Kil- 
winning (after  its  suspension) ;  Br.  John  Peattie 
to  be  Substitute  P.  G.  Master,  June  14,  1861. 

Petition  received  and  sranted  to  erect  Lodge 
St.  Andrew,  Auckland,  New  Zealand,  October 
7,  1861. 

Brethren  cautioned  against  attending  uncon- 
stitutional meetings,  October  7,  1861. 

Petition  for  ere^on  of  Lodge  Burrangong  St. 
John,  Young,  granted,  June  26,  1862. 

Committee  appointed  to  furnish  Grand  Lodge 
with  the  whole  of  the  evidence  in  the  matter  of 
Br.  George  West  and  his  suspension  by  Provin- 
cial Grand  Lodge,  June  5,  1863.  [The  suspen- 
sion was  removed  by  Grand  Lodse.] 

Funeral  Lodge  held  in  memonam  of  the  Most 
Worshipful  the  G.  M.  Mason  of  Scotland,  his 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Athole.  Letter  of  condolence 
sent  to  her  Grace  the  Duchess  and  the  members 
of  the  family.  May  12,  1864. 

Acknowledgment  of  receipt  of  same,  dated 
from  Canada,  and  signed  ''Athole,"  thanking 
the  P.  G.  L.  for  their  sympathies  in  the  bereave- 
ment the  family  had  sustained,  December  2, 1864. 

Dr.  John  Beusario  assumed  the  Chair  as  P.  G. 
Master,  by  virtue  of  Commission  from.  Grand 
Lodge  of  Scotland.  Officers  installed: — Dr. 
George  West,  Deputy  P.  G.  M. ;  Capt  M'Lerie, 
Senior  Warden ;  Buchan  Thomson,  Secretary, 
February  26,  1865. 

Petition  received  and  granted  to  erect  Lodge 
St.  John,  Araluen  in  the  Braidwood  district, 
September  4,  1865. 

Benevolent  Fund  established ;  country  Lodges 
requested  to  elect  proxv  Masters  as  tiieir  repre- 
sentatives, to  P.  G.  Lodge,  November  1,  1865. 

Meeting  of  Provincial  Grand  Lodge.  Officers 
commissioned  :  —  R.  W.  Br.  Jolm  Belisario, 
R.  W.  P.  G.  M.,  presiding  ;  W.  Br.  R  Thomson, 
Dep.  P.  G.  M.  ;  W.  Br.  Dr.  George  Walker, 
Substitute  P.  G.  M. ;  W.  Br.  W.  Vial,  P.G.S.  W.; 
W.  Br.  Dr.  W.  G.  Sedgwick,  P.  G.  J.  W.  ;  W. 
Br.  H.  N.  Montagu,  P.  G.  Secretary^.  Test  fees 
for  members  of  Provincial  Grand  Lodge  abo- 
lished, February  18,  1867. 

Members  of  Lodges  to  be  cautioned  against 
holding  Masonic  communication  with  suspended 
or  expelled  members.  Invitation  from  the  D.  G. 
Lodge,  K  C,  for  the  P.  G.  Lod^  and  Daughter 
Lodffes  to  attend  the  installation  of  the  R.  W. 
Br.  Arthur  Todd  Holroyd,  Master-in-Equity,  as 
District  Grand  Master,  English  Constitution, 
New  South  Wales  on  May  29th.  Large  sum 
of  money  collected  for  a  brother's  widow  in 
distress,  May  16,  1867. 

P.G.  Lodge  inampleform  attended  the  installa- 
tion of  K  W.Br.  Arthur  ToddHoboydasD.G.M. 
of  the  English  Constitution,  May  29,  1867. 

Installation  of  P.  G.  Officers  appointed  at  pre- 
vious meeting.  Copy  of  letter  written  to  the 
Grand  Secretary  of  Scotland  respecting  the 
grievances  of  the  Province  read  by  P.  G.  Secre- 
tary, who  (with  the  R.  W.  P.  G.  M.)  was  con- 
gratulated on  the  able  manner  in  which  the  same 
was  compiled,  and  a  desire  expressed  that  "  if 


W6 


FREEMASONRY. 


P.  G.  Secretanr  cottld  accompany  leMer,  and 
read  same  in  the  masterly  manner  he  had  done 
this  eyeninff,  grievances  woald  be  a  thing  of  the 
past.*'  OrSerod,  that  a  printed  copy  of  the 
letter  be  forwarded  to  eacn  Lodge,  September 
13,  1867. 

P.  6.  Lodge  gave  an  expression  of  its  detesta* 
tion  at  the  murderous  attempt  on  the  life  of 
H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Edinborgn  ;  an  address  to 
be  prepared  and  sent  conveying  sentiments  of 
same,  March  24,  18^. 

Lodge  Excelsior,  Gundagai,  erected,  1867. 

Lodge  St.  Andrew,  Gremell,  erected,  1867. 

Lodge  St.  James,  Moswellbrook,  erected  and 
opened.  Receipt  of  reply  from  H.R.H.  the 
Boke  of  Edinburgh  to  the  address  forwarded  by 
P.  G.  Lodge,  July  13,  1868. 

In  consequence  of  the  forcible  representations 
made  to  Grand  Lodge,  several  hundred  G.  L. 
certificates  sent  out  for  distribution  amooflst 
members  who  had  been  entitled  to  them  for 
many  years  without  receiving  them;  other 
grievances  also  redressed,  1867-8. 

Resignation  of  W.  Br.  J.  Belisario^  P.  G. 
Master,  accepted  by  a  large  majority,  as  it  waa 
his  personally  expressed  wish  to  retire  from  the 
office;  several  brethren  nominated  for  the  vacant 
office,  January  15,  1869. 

Intimation  conveyed  that  Dr.  Belisario*8  resig- 
nation as  P.  G.  Master  had  heeux  accepted  by 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  Scotland,  June  25,  1869. 

W.  Br.  H.  iH.  Montagu  resigned  the  office  oi 
P.  G.  Secretary;  the  appointment  conferred 
upon  Br.  N.  Weekes,  P.  M.  W.  Br.  A.  Steel 
reeimed  the  office  of  P.  G.  Treasorer ;  W.  Br. 
A.  Hofe  appointed,  August  15,  1869. 

W.  Br.  Dr.  W.  G.  Sedgwick  duly  installed  as 
Provincial  Grand  Master,  June  26,  1871. 

Lodge  St.  Andrew,  No.  358,  suspended  for 
•entnmacy,  March  5,  1872. 

Notification  that  Lodge  St.  Andrew  had 
fanned  itself  into  an  independent  Grand  Lodge  ; 
tiuKt  three  new  Xiodges  had  been  opened  durmg 
the  current  year.  Lodge  Murrumbidgee,  Hay, 
erected.  Removal  of  the  Lodse  of  fiarmony, 
West  MaiUand,  to  Newcastle,  June  4,  1872. 

Suspension  passed  on  Lodge  St.  Andrew  con- 
firmea  by  the  Grand  Lod^e  of  Scotland.  Cir- 
culars embodying  same  to  be  s^it  to  all  Lodges. 
Steps  taken  to  prevent  that  Lodge  meeting  in 
the  Lodge  rooms  of  the  Hall,  the  English  and 
Scotch  Constitutions  acting  conjointly  to  counter- 
act spurious  bodies,  OctoMr  1,  1872. 

Announcement  of  the  death  of  W.  Br.  Capt. 
M'Lerie,  P.  G.  Substitute  Master.  St.  Andrew, 
358,  charter  recalled,  and  members  expelled  by 
Grand  Lodge.  Erection  of  the  Lodge  Star  of  the 
West,  Parkes.  Combination  of  the  three  Con- 
stitutions to  counteract  spurious  bodies,  October 
9^  1874. 

Announcement  of  the  death  of  the  Hon.  the 
Earl  of  Dalhousie,  M.  W.  Grand  Master.  Peti- 
tion presented  to  re-open  Lodge  St.  Andrew 
under  Constitutional  authority.  Erection  of 
Lodge  Manoah,  Sydney,  based  on  Temperance 
principles,  January  29,  1875. 


Deatii  of  the  Duke  of  Leinster,  M.  W.  Grand 
Master  of  Ireland  announced.  Lod^  St 
Andrew,  358,  restored  to  its  position  in  the 
Constituticm,  April  23,  1875. 

Erection  of  Lodge  Lachlan,  Forbes.  Lodge 
WooUoemocdoo,  Sydney,  established  a  Benevo- 
lent Fund,  December  6,  1875. 

Erection  of  Lod^  St.  Andxew,  Lanncsuhwi, 
coloxw  of  Tasmania ;  St.  Clair,  Adelong ;  snd 
Edinburgh,  Mudgee.  Widow  and  Orphan 
Fund  in  connection  with  P.  G.  Lodge  estab- 
lished, March  29,  1876. 

P.  G.  L.  attended  installation  of  Br.  Tanks, 
W.  M.,  St.  Leonards  Samaiiian  Lodge,  E.  C, 
July  25,  1876. 

Erection  of  Lodjze  Star  of  the  Macleay* 
Macleay  River,  Apnl  24,  1877. 

Erection  of  liodges  Macquarie,  Dubbo; 
Thistle  Kilwinning,  Minmi  ;  St.  Andrev, 
Queanbeyan,  October  30,  1877. 

Circulars  cautioning  Lodges  asainst  a  so-called 
Grand  Lodge  of  New  South  Waks  issued.  Nine 
of  the  principal  movers  in  the  new  Constitution 
of  Grand  Lodge  of  New  South  Wales  suspended 
for  contumacy.  Charters  of  six  Lod^  recalled, 
of  which  two  returned  to  their  allegiance— Tar- 
bolton  and  Newtown  Kilwinning.  Erection  of 
Lodge  Manning,  Tares,  Manning  River,  July 
26.  1878. 

Erection  of  Lodges  Livingstone,  Rocky  Month, 
Clarence  River,  and  Macquarie,  Port  Maoqnsfie, 
October  29,  1878. 

Erection  of  Lodge  lithgow  Kilwinning,  lith- 
gow.  Constitution  in  a  flourishing  oonditioD, 
over  £500  at  credit ;  Benevolent  Fund,  £200. 
A  motion  carried  in  Provincial  Grand  I/)dge 
that  an  interchange  of  representation  shouU 
take  place  between  this  P.  G.  Lodge  and  that 
of  the  D.  G.  Lodge,  E.  C.     March  7,  1879. 

Mark  Dsoreb,  Enoush  Constituxion. 

Sydney  Lodge  qf  Mark  MtuterSy  i^o.  85,  E.C., 
the  Mother  Lodge  in  this  Degree  in  the  Austral- 
asian Colonies,  founded  by  charter  from  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  Mark  Masters  of  Exi^kod  and 
Wales,  the  Colonies  and  Dependencies  of  the 
British  Crown.  W.  Br.  Richard  Leworthy, 
first  Master,  1859.  [This  Constitntion  m 
founded  in  Engluid  as  a  separate  Constitution 
in  1856,  the  Hon.  Viscount  Lei^  beins  the  fint 
Grand  Master.  Brother  Frank  Haes,  of  Sydney, 
a  Mark  Master,  being  about  to  proceed  to  Kng* 
land  in  1858,  took  with  him  a  petition  for  the 
establishment  of  a  Mark  Lodge,  Br.  Leworthy 
being  named  in  the  Warrant  as  first  Master, 
and  the  Lodge  being  numbered  25  on  the  loU  d 
the  Grand  Lodge  thus  early  after  the  eetabliah- 
ment  of  the  Constitution.  On  the  return  of  Br. 
Haes  to  the  colony,  Br.  Leworthy  at  once  resigned 
the  Mastership  to  him,  he  having  been  installed 
in  London,  ana  no  other  brother  being  at  the  time 
eligible,  special  qualifications  being  required. 
Particular  privileges  were  granted  to  thisXod^ 
as  being  the  Mother  Lodge  of  this  Constitntion  ffl 
the  Australasian  Colonies,  so  as  to  act  if  requi- 
site as  a  Provincial  Grand  Lodge,  and  to  graot 
Dispensations  for  the  erection  of  new  Lodges.] 


FREE  SilLECTOBS— FEIIEND& 


1Q7 


W.Br. 


Addreas  from  the  Lodge  to  H.R.H.  the  Prince 
of  Wales  OB  his  marruige,  June  11, 1863. 

The  thaoka  of  their  Royal  Highneaaes  the 
Ptinoe  and  PiinceoB  of  Wales  to  the  Addreas 
of  tlie  Sydney  Lodge  of  Mark  Masters,  No.  25» 
conunimicated  to  the  Lodge  throng  Hia  Hlxcel- 
ImcyUieGoverDor,  Sir  John  Yonng;,  May  19, 1864. 

Benevolent  Fund  in  connection  with  the 
Lodge  founded.  In  consequence  of  the  receipt 
of  a  c<Hnmunication  from  Grand  Lodge  aatho- 
iiBiigthe  Lodge  to  elect  some  brother  distin- 
goiahed  for  aervicea  rendered  to  this  Conatitution 
of  the  Cnii  in  the  colony,  whoae  name  should 
be  forwarded  to  Grand  Lodge  fior  special  dis- 
tinction, the  Lodce  unanimoualy  voted  that  the 
name  of  W.  Br.  H.  N.  Montagu,  P.  M.,  should 
be  sent  home  to  Grand  Lodge,  October,  1873. 

Beoeipt  of  communication  fh>m  Grand  Lodge 
^pointing,  by  letters  patent  signed  by  the 
Grand  Master  Earl  Percy,  W.  Br.  H.  N.  Mon- 
taga  to  be  a  Past  Grand  Senior  Deacon  of  the 
tifand  Lodge  of  En^^d,  July  18,  1874. 

list  of  Worshipful  Masters  of  the  Lodges  from 
ib  foundation  : — 

Richard  Leworthy,  P.M.,  D.O.S..  E.C.,  18S9. 

Fnuik  Haaa,  P.M.,  1800. 

MosB  larael,  P.M.,  P.D.O.&W.,  1861. 

Samuel  Beimeee,  P.M.,  P.D.O.&D.,1801 

Moot  larael,  P.M.,  PiD.a.S.W.,  IflOB. 

hatd  John  H.  Taylour,  P.M.,  1886. 

Henry  Neville  Montagu,  P.M.,  P.a.S.D.,  F.P.Q. 
See.,  8.C^  1867. 

Henry  Neville  Montagu  (ve-eleeted),  186Bh 

T.  T.  Jonee,  PM.,  P^.O.J.W.,  1868. 

Heniy  Waatootl,  P.M.,  P.D.a.D.a,  187a 

Hennr  Westooit  (reelected),  1871. 

W.  webeter,  P.M.,  P.D.G.S.D..  1872. 

H.  N.  Menfeagii.  P.M.,  P.Q.S.D.,  1878. 

Norman  Selte,  P.M.,  P.G.S  D..  1874. 

Norman  SeUe  (re-elected),  1876. 

Ihomae  Wynn  Knight,  P.M.,  187flL 

George  Henry  Lovett,  P.M.,  1877. 
»      IboinaeBead,  PJL,  1878.     ' 
»      Aichibeld  Gardiner,  P.M.,  P.D.G.J.W.,  1870. 

Lxige  Adelaide,  No.  41,  Adehude»  S.  A., 
faonded,  1859. 

lodge  Victona,  No.  47,  Melbourne,  Victoria, 
founded,  1869. 

Lodge  Lewis,  No.  49,  Greymouth,  N.  Z., 
fouded,  1860.  [Thia  Lodge  has  attached  to  it  a 
Lodge  for  the  "  Boyal  Ark  Mariner"  deme.> 

lodge  St.  Georae,  No.  103,  Briabone,  Queena- 
hod,  founded,  FetNrnary  24, 1869.  [Thia  Lodge 
▼u  first  erected  by  Dispensation  from  the 
Sydney  Lodge  No.  25.] 

Charter  for  St.  George's  Lodge,  103,  Brisbane, 
ittBiTod  from  Grand  Lodge,  through  Sydney 
ledge  No.  25,  Auffoat  25,  1869. 

Loidge  Hiram,  1^.  153»  Nelaon,  N.Z.,  fosnded, 
Msy  16, 1872. 

Lodge  UnioB^  No.  155,  (with  "Boyal  Ark 
Mariner"  Lodge  attached),  Auckland,  N.  Z., 
ioimded,  JunelO,  1872. 

Lodge  Washington,  No.  167,  Beediworth, 
Victona,  fbnnded,  SepUmber  2,  1873. 

Lodge  Lazar,  No.  200»  Hokitika»  N.  Z., 
iouided,  Macch  12,  1877. 

Lodge  St.  Mail's  in  the  South.  Na  202, 
laoaceatoB,    Taemania,    founded,    March    12, 


H 

n 
i» 

N 

n 
n 
n 

» 

M 


Provincial  Grand  Lodge  of  Victoria,  R.  W. 
Br.  Henry  W.  Lowry,  first  P.  G.  Master* 
erected,  November  19,  1877.  [This  P.  G.  Lodge 
includes  in  its  jurisdiction  the  Victoria  Lodoe, 
No.  47,  Melbourne,  and  Lodge  Washington,  No» 
167,  Beechworth.] 

GitAifD  LoDOB  OF  Nbw  Sottfh  Walb. 
Foundation,  December  23,  1877. 

FrtMcipal  Grand  Jjod^e  Officert, 

M.  W.  Grand  Master J.  S.  Famell,  Esq.,  M.UA. 

V.W.  Deputy  Graml  Master  A.  W.  Mannk^TP.M. 

W.  Past  Grand  Master Wm.  Booth,  P.M. 

W.  Senior  Grand  Warden  J.  H.  Butchart,  J.  P. 

W.  Junior  Qiand  Warden  U.  W.  CaqMnter,  PJL 

W.  Grand  Traasurer John  Staikev,  P.M. 

W.  Grand  Secretary  N.  Weekes,  P.M. 

Li9t  ofLodgu  holding  under  the  Gfrand  Lodge  of 
New  South  Wales. 


Name  of  Lodge 

No. 

Place  of  Meeting. 

Date 
otChartec 

Australian     Social 
Mother 

Sydney   'Au-bolton 
Newt'n  Kilwinning 
WooUoomooloo   .. 

Excelsior   

Star  of  the  South 

Aberoom  

PwOMMiy 

0 

1 

< 

8 

4 

5 

8 

7 

8 

0 

10 

11 

It 

18 

U 

16 
16 
17 
18 

Masonic     Temple, 

Sydney. 
Masonic  Temple  . . 
Masonic  Temple  . . 
Town  Hall.  Newt'n 
Masonic  Temple  . . 

Gunda^  

WoQongong 

Shoalhaven 

Major's  Creek  .... 

Sept  2,18Z& 

Julyl5,U78 
June27,lB78 
June27,187S 
JuneSr,  1878 
June  8, 187a 
May  ^,1878 
May  SO,  1878 
June  18, 1878 

Abbotiford  

June  7,1878 

Edinburgh    

St.  Andrew 

Masonic  Temple  .. 
Klnnm-    . 

June  19, 1878 
Aug.  7,1875 
Nov  20, 1878 

Milton    . . ,  T   .     r 

Milton    

Charter   in    abey- 
ance. 
Ifasonic  Temple  . . 
Masonic  Temple  .. 
Masonic  Temple  .. 
Braidwood 

QepL  9,1878 

• 
FerneD 

Oct.  10,1879 

Cosmopolitan 

Pythagoras  

Thistle  

Nor.  6,1878 
Not.  6,1878 
Dec  23, 1673 

*  This  Lfldfe  U  working,  baX  aama  and  charter  not  ftt  asttM  hj 
Orand  Lodig«. 

LUt  qf  Chapters  and  Priories. 

Leineter  Marine,  B.  A.  Chapter,  No.  206. 
St.  Andrew,  B.  A.  Chapter,  No.  lia 
Priory  of  the  Temple. 
Meet  at  the  Temple,  CSarence-street,  Sydney. 

FREE  SELECTORS. 

First  Conference  in  Sydney  held  in  1877. 
Delegates  &om  various  districts  of  New  South 
Wales  (Mr.  Barbour,  M.P.,  Chairman,  and  Mr. 
J.  Boulding  of  Yass,  Vice-Chairman)  assembled 
in  conference  at  Sydney,  and  published  their 
Manifesto,  Oct  12,  1878. 

FRIENDS,  Society  or. 

James  Backhouse  and  Geor^  Washington 
Walker,  missionaries  from  the  Society  of  Friends, 
or  Quakers,  arrived  in  Tasmania  in  the  "Science," 
from  England,  February  8,  1832;  arrived  in 
Sydney  in  the  "  Henry  Freeling,"  December  19, 
1834;  left  for  Norfolk  Island,  February  12, 
1835;  returned  to  Sydney,  May  20,  1835; 
visited  many  parts  of  the  colony,  including 
Wellington  V^ey;  opened  a  meeting  house 
(built  by  Tawell)  for  the  Soaety  of  Friends,  ia 


108 


FULTON— GIBBEa 


Macqnarie  street,  Sydney,  November  1,  1835  ; 
left  again  for  Tasmania,  November  13,  1835 ; 
returned  to  Sydney  a^nin,  June  21,  1836 ; 
visited  Moreton  May  and  Brisbane,  March  28, 
1836  ;  returned  to  Sydney,  where  they  remained 
until  April  11,  when  they  visited  Newcastle, 
Maitland,  Ulawarra  district,  Goulbum,  Monaro, 
and  other  places,  and  finally  left  Sydney,  March 
12,  1837  ;  returned  to  Tasmania,  and  left  aeain, 
November  3,  1837  ;  visited  Victoria  (Port  Phil- 
lip), and  left,  November  19,  1837;  visited 
Adelaide  (South  Australia),  and  left,  December 
15,  1837  ;  reached  King  Greorge's  Sound,  where 
Sir  Richard  Spencer  was  Government  Resident, 
December  25,  1837  ;  left  on  the  27th,  and 
reached  Freemantle,  December  29,  1837 ;  left 
West  Australia  and  the  Australian  coast,  Feb- 
ruaiy  12,  1838 ;  G.  W.  Walker  returned  to 
settle  in  Tasmania,  1840. 

FULTON,  Rev.  Hiotrt,  a  political  prisoner, 
arrived  in  New  South  Wales,  1800. 

FUNERALS,  Pubuc. 

Sir  Charles  Hotham,  Melbourne,  January, 
1856. 

"Dunbar"  passengen' bodies  recovered,  Syd- 
ney, August,  1857. 

Archdeacon  Cowper,  at  Sydney,  July,  1858. 

Robert  Campbell,  at  Parramatta,  April,  1859. 
.  Funeral  of  Burke  and  Wills  took  place  in  Mel- 
bourne, in  the  presence  of  many  thousands  of 
penons,  Januaiy  21, 1863 ;  a  monolith  of  granite, 
weighing  34  tons,  was  placed  over  their  grave, 
and  a  fine  bronze  statue  of  both  explorers  was 
erected,  at  a  cost  of  £4,000,  in  Comns-street, 
Melbourne,  1864. 

Mr.  Justice  Milford,  at  Sydney,  May  28, 1865. 

Sir  Dominic  Daly,  South  Australia,  February, 

Hon.  J.  H.  Plunkett,  Sydney,  May  15,  1869. 

Governor  Blackall,  Queensland,  January,  1870. 

Of  William  Charles  Wentworth,  Australian 
patriot,  at  Sydney,  May  6,  1873.  [The  Bishop 
of  Sidney,  Dr.  Barker,  conducted  the  religious 
services,  and  Sir  James  Martin  delivered  the 
oration  over  the  grave  at  Vaucluse ;  15,000 
persons  were  in  the  procession,  which  started 
from  St.  Andrew's  Cathedral  to  the  Mortuary, 
Watson's  Bay. 

Commodore  Goodenough,  R.N.,  at  Sydney, 
Auffust,  1874. 

Archbishop  Folding,  at  Sydney  (20,000  per- 
sons in  the  procession),  March  19,  1877. 

Rev.  Dr.  Lazig,  Sydney,  August  10,  1878. 

Sir  Maurice  O'Connell,  BrisWe,  March  25, 
1879. 


0 

GALATEA,  H.  M.  S.    [See  Alfred,  H.  R.  H. 
Peince.] 

GALENA.   Lode  found  in  West  Australia,  1846. 

GAOL,  Darunohubst,  was  first  used,  June, 
1841.    [iS^ee  Prisons.] 


GAS. 

Gaslight  Company  formed  in  Sydney,  April 
13,  1836 ;  Sydney  first  lit  with  gas,  May  24, 
1841 ;  Hobart  Town  lit  with  gas,  March  12, 
1857  ;  Melbourne  first  lit  with  gas,  August  10, 
1857 ;  AdeUude  first  lit  with  gas,  June  22, 
1863 ;  Brisbane  first  lit  with  gas,  1865  ;  New. 
castle  lit  with  gas,  October29, 1867;  Ftoranuitti 
Gas  Companv  incorporated,  Auspst  13,  187S; 
Warmambool,  Victoria,  first  lit  with  gu, 
August  29,  1874 ;  Rockhampton,  QueenBUnd, 
first  lit  with  gas,  December  17,  1874;  the 
Three  Melbourne  Qtm  Companies  decided  to 
amalgamate  and  form  the  Metropohtan  Gw 
Company,  August  13, 1877. 

GEELONG,  reached  by  Hume  and  HoveU, 
1824 ;  laid  out  by  Governor  Bourke,  March  1837 ; 
railway  to  township  commenced,  September, 
1852 ;  telegraph  line  opened,  December,  1854 ; 
railway  opened  1857. 

GEELONG  BAY,  explored  by  Grimes,  1803; 
traversed  by  Batnian,  1835. 

GENOA,  DuKS  or,  visited  Melbourne,  Aptil 
28,  1873. 

GEOLOGY. 

Wonderful  geological  discovery  of  corioiu 
balls  of  granite,  Ac.,  made  by  a  gedogirt  in 
the  Ravmond  Terrace  district  (County  Glou- 
cester, New  South  Wales);  some  specimeni 
were  sent  to  the  British  Museum  and  Boyal 
Geographical  Society,  London,  1847. 

Sunuel  Stutchbury  appointed  to  make  a 
geological  and  mineralogical  survey  of  New 
South  Wales,  to  ascertain  the  minenl  resources 
of  the  oolony,  January  10,  1851. 

Dr.  Bruhn,  of  Mellxrame,  started  on  a  tour  of 
mineralo^cal  research  to  Mount  Maoedon  dis- 
trict, Victoria;  he  proved  the  existence  of 
silver,  copper,  antimony,  sulphur,  and  iron, 
February,  1851. 

Mr.  A.  R.  C.  Selwyn  arrived  and  comWenoed 
the  geological  survey  of  the  oolony  of  Victoria, 
1853.    [See  "Men  of  thk  Tna'^ {Clarke,  W. 

B.n 

GEORGE'S  RrvBR,  N,S.  W.  Lieut.  Flinders  and 
Mt.  Bass,  in  a  boat  called  the  "  Tom  Thumb," 
8  feet  long,  explored  George's  River  20  miles 
further  thim  Governor  Hunter's  survey,  1795. 

GERMAN  Festival.  Great  German  Peace  Fes- 
tival held  in  South  Australia,  October  13,  1871. 

GIBBES,  LnuTENANT  Colonel  John  Georoi 
Nathaniel,  bom  in  London,  Mut^h  30,  1787, 
was  the  son  of  the  late  John  Gibbes,  Esa., 
of  Barbadoes,  and  afterwards  of  London.  Mr. 
John  George  Gibbes  entered  the  40th  Regiment 
as  Ensign,  bv  purchase,  January,  1805;  em- 
barked with  the  regiment  for  South  America, 
1806 ;  whilst  on  the  voyage,  was  appointed  to  a 
Company  in  the  4th  Garrison  Battalion,  bat 
served  during  the  short  campaign  with  the  40th 
Renment,  the  command  of  the  light  Company 
of  wis  regiment  devolving  on  him  at  the  stonn- 
ing  of  Monte  Video,  in  consequence  of  the  death 
of  Captain  Rennie,  who    was   killed  at  the 


GIPPSLAND— GOLD. 


109 


ftttick,  Febmai^y  1807 ;  remained  on  the  staff 
with  a  slight  intermiMion  of  a  few  months 
(dnrmg  which  he  retired  on  half-pay,  being 
ibient  on  sick  leave),  till  1819,  having  in  the 
meantime  been  gazetted  Brigade-Major.  He 
then  accepted  the  appointment  of  Collector  of 
Costoms  at  Falmoutn,  island  of  Jamaica.  Major 
Gibbes  returned  to  England  on  leave  of  absence, 
1827 ;  was,'at  his  own  reqaest,  removed  to  the  Col- 
lectonhip  of  Customs  at  Great  Yarmouth,  1828  ; 
remained  there  till  1833,  when  he  exchanged  with 
Mr.  Cotton,  and  arrived  in  New  South  Wales  as 
Collector  of  Customs,  1834.  Major  Gibbes  re- 
ceiyed  the  appointment  of  lieutenant-Colonel, 
1837.  Colonel  Gibbes  held  a  seat  in  the  old 
Legislative  Council,  and  was  one  of  six  members 
Dominated  by  the  Crown.     He  died  about  1874. 

6IPPSLAND,       discovered      by      Alexander 
M'Millan,  January  1,  1870. 

GLADSTONE,     Quekvslakd,     proclaimed    a 
municipality,  February  21,  1863. 

GOLD,  Discovert  of. 

Discovery  of  a  gold  mine  in  the  eettlement  reported  by  a 
oonriet,  August  20, 1788.  [The  report  was  afterwards 
proved  to  be  a  canard.] 

Some  oonvidfl  who  were  employed  cutting  a  road  to 
Bathnret  are  said  to  have  found  gold  in  a  considerable 
quantity,  and  were  only  compelled  to  keep  silence  on 
the  point  by  menaces  and  flogging,  1814. 

Aarifltant  Surveyor  James  M*Bnan  discovered  gold  on 
the  Fidi  River,  about  16  miles  east  of  Bathunt,  New 
South  Wales,  February  15,  1828.  [The  following 
extract  from  his  Field  Book  is  preserved  in  the 
Borveyor-Oenerars  Office,  Sydney :— "  At  8  chains  60 
links  to  river  and  marked  gum-tree,  found  numerous 
particles  of  gold  in  the  sand  and  in  the  hills  convenient 
to  the  river/'] 

A  convict  flogged  in  Sydney  on  suspicion  of  having 
stolen  gold,  which  he  stated  he  had  discovered  in  the 
bush,  1826. 

Count  Strzlecki  discorered  gold  associated  with 
pyrites  at  the  Vale  of  Clw>'dd,  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
New  South  Wales,  April,  1880.  [At  the  request  of  the 
GoTemment,  who  feared  an  outbreak  amongst  the 
convicts,  the  discoveiy  was  kept  scrupulously  secret.] 
[Set  "Hbi  or  THB  Ttmi"  {StrOeehi.  Count  Paul  E.)] 

Itev.  W.  Bw  Clarke,  M.A.,  F.R.O.S.,  found  gold  in  the 
Macquarie  valleys,  and  near  Vale  ot  Clwydd,  New 
South  Wales.  April,  1841.  [See  ^'Mbcop  thbTimb** 
(Clarite,  iter.  W.  B.)] 

Rev.  w.  a  Clarke  reported  that  the  flrst  gold  he 
had  ever  seen  in  Australia  he  procured  from  granite, 
October  20, 1841. 

RcT-  W.  B.  Clarke  was  the  first  explorer  who  pro- 
daimed,  on  true  sdentiflc  grounds,  the  probable 
anriferous  veins  of  Australia.  He  found  gold  and 
nhibited  it  to  several  members  of  the  Legislature  of 
New  South  Wales,  April  0, 1844. 

Hr.  Alexander  Tolmeln,  sent  by  Governor  Grey  to 
KingarM)  Island  to  capture  a  gang  of  bushrangers, 
reported  that  ho  had  when  about  20  miles  8.S.  W.  from 
Velbonme  seen  a  quartz  reef  with  yellow  metal  bi  it, 
which  he  was  afterwards  convinced  was  gold,  1844. 

oiT  Roderick  Murchison  pointed  out  the  singularity  of 
tbe  Blue  Mountain  Chain  of  Australia  Ohe  C^rdiUeras) 
to  that  of  the  Ural,  and  predicted  tne  presence  of 
gold,  1844. 

Cold  qiecimens  found  on  the  spurs  of  the  P]rrenees 
Mountains,  Victoria ;  exhibited  m  the  shop  window  of 
-Mr.  Robe,  Jeweller,  Melbourne,  January,  1848. 

Re^  W.  B.  Clarke  wrote  in  a  letter  to  The  Maitland 
Jfercury :—  **  It  is  well  known  a  gold  mine  is  certain 
nihi  to  the  flrst  workers ;  and  in  the  long  run,  gold 
I'uhtng  will  be  found  more  suitable  for  slaves  &an 
British  freemen,"  January  26, 1840. 

Gold  discovered  at  the  Pyrenees,  Port  Phillip,  by  a 
ibepberd,  January  81, 1849. 


TbatDMM  Chapman  discovered  gold  at  Dalij  Hill, 
Victoria,  and  sold  to  Mrs.  Brentani,  Collins-street,  Mel- 
bourne, a  nugget  which  weighed  16  ounces.  Afraid  of 
the  Melbourne  authorities,  the  discoverer"  bolted"  to 
Sydney  in  the  "Sea-Horse,"  January,  1840. 

Announoement  that  gold  had  been  discovered  in  GUI- 
fomia,  February,  1840.  [By  June  of  the  same  year 
nearly  800  persons  had  1^  New  South  Wales  for  that 
place.  In  a  short  time  the  emigration  to  the  auriferous 
region  resulted  in  a  great  depreciation  of  property  in 
the  colony ;  many  availing  themselves  of  the  crime  to 
become  purdiasers,  afterward  realised  foi  tunes  to  a 
great  extent] 

Mr.  Latrobe,  the  Superintendent  of  Port  Phillip,  sent 
Captain  Dsoia  in  command  of  16  mounted  native  police 
to  prevent  digging  for  gold  at  Daily  Hill,  Victoria, 
1840. 

William  Clarke,  Jwilor  (afterwards  gold-broker,  Eliaa- 
beth-street,  Melbourne)  with  William  Vicary,  found 
auriferous  quarts  at  Smytliesdale,  Victoria,  1840. 

Mr.  Austin  brought  to  Sydney  a  nugget  of  gold  worth 
£86,  whidi  he  had  found  in  the  Bathuivt  district, 
Jaanary,*«8;^  /fS"/ 

Gold  discovered  in  New  South  Wales  at  Sunmierhill 
Greek,  by  Mr.  Edward  Hammond  Hargraves,  Feb. 
12,  1861.  [There  were  indications  of  the  existmce  ai 
gold  in  oonriderable  quantities  at  this  Creek.  Some 
nuggets  and  dust  having  been  exhibited  in  Sydney, 
a  rush  to  that  locality  immediately  took  plaoa  The 
ordinary  means  of  conveyance  being  so  inadequate,  the 
tares  of  the  coaches  were  at  once  doubled.  Provisions 
rose  to  a  very  high  price, — flour  to  £80  a  ton.  A 
license  of  80s.  a  month  was  imposed  on  all 
persons  seeking  for  goUL]  [See  **  Mbm  op  thi  Timb" 
{Harttrave»f  JS.  H.)] 

Gold  discovered  by  Edward  Hammond  Hargraves,  at 
Lewis  Ponds  Creek,  New  South  Wales,  February  12, 
1861. 

Dr.  Bruhn  traced  gold  in  quarts,  whilst  travelling  to 
explore  the  mineral  resources  of  Victoria,  April,  1861. 

Nugget  of  gold  weighing  IS  ounces  found  at  Summer 
Hfi]  Creek,  N.S.W.,  the  earliest  nugget  found  in  New 
South  Wales  after  the  gold  discovery  there  by 
Hargraves,  May  18, 1861. 

The  flrst  proclamation  issued  in  Sydney  by  Sir  Charies 
Auffiutus  Fitsroy,  Governor-General  of  Australia, 
deouring  goU  to  be  the  property  of  the  Crown,  was  on 
May  22, 1851.  [On  the  following  day  another  Govern- 
mental order  was  issued,  comprising  six  clauses  and 
containing  also  the  form  of  license,  to  the  following 
purport :— Clause  1  prohibited  digging  after  June  1, 
1861,  without  a  license.  Clause  2  enacted  that  "  for  the 
present  and  pending  further  proof  of  the  extent  of  the 
goldfleld,"  the  license  fee  to  be  Axed  at  thirty  shillings 

Kr  month.  Clause  8  provided  that  no  person  should 
eligible  to  dig  for  gold-  unless  he  could  iiroduce  a 
certiflcate  of  disdtarge,  or  prove  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  Conunissioner  that  he  was  not  a  person  improperly 
absent  from  hired  service.  Clause  6  stated  that  rules 
adjusting  extent  and  position  of  land  to  be  covered  by 
each  license,  and  for  the  prevention  of  confusion, 
should  be  the  subject  of  early  regulation.  Clause  6, 
**  with  reference  to  lands  alienated  by  the  Crown,  in 
fee  dmple,  the  Commissioner  will  not  be  authorised 
for  the  present  to  issue  licenses  under  these  regulations 
to  any  person  but  the  proprietors,  or  persons  authorised 
by  them  in  writing  to  apply  for  the  same."] 

Dr.  Bruhn  started  for  the  Pjrrenees  from  Melbourne  on 
a  mineralogical  research.  The  A  rgu*  of  the  day  said  : 
"  Where  gold  undoubtedly  is,  he  (Dr.  Bruhn)  is  pretty 
sure  to  flnd  it :"    March,  1861. 

Gold  said  to  have  been  discovered  at  the  Pyrenees,  Port 
Phillip,  by  a  person  named  Chapman,    June  6, 1861. 

Gold  found  on  a  creek  north  of  the  Pyrenees,  Victoria, 
afterwards  called  Navarre  by  William  Rlchfould, 
shepherd  to  J.  Wood  Beilby,  who  informed  the 
Government,  Juno  7, 1851. 

Despatch  to  Earl  Grey  from  Sir  Charles  Fitsroy,  Governor 
cMf  New  South  Wales,  June  11,  1851.  [The  despatch 
stated  that  two  years  previously  a  Mr.  Smith  who  was 
attached  to  some  ironworks  near  Bcrrima,  had  an- 
nounced to  the  Government  the  discovery  of  gold  in 
New  South  Wales,  had  shown  a  lump  of  quartz  to  the 
Colonial  Secretary,  and  had  offered  on  certain  terms 
to  reveal  the  locality.] 

Gold  discovered  at  the  Turon,  June  10, 1851. 


uo 


OOLD. 


/ 


The  ttXlijiwvng  u  a  thoxt  Btatement  of  ttie  order  in  which 
the  Select  Committee  appointed  by  the  Leflrlafattive 
Oooncil  to  consider  claims  for  remutls  for  gold  dis- 
coveries in  Victoria,  placed  the  various  claimants  in 
their  report  dated  March  10, 1S54  :— 

The  Hon.  W.  Ounpbell  diacoTered  Rold  hi  Maroh  1860, 
at  Climes ;  concealed  the  fact  at  the  time  from  the  ap- 
prehennion  that  its  announcement  might  prove  in- 
Jorious  to  the  squatter  on  whose  run  the  disoorery  was 
made ;  but  mentioned  it  in  a  letter  to  a  friend  on 
June  10th,  and  afterwanb  on  July  5,  1861,  which 
friend,  at  Mr.  Campbell's  request,  reported  the  matter 
to  the  gold-disco verj'-committee  July  8th.  Mr.  L.  J. 
Michel,  and  six  others,  discoTered  gold  in  the  Yarra 
Ranges,  at  Anderson's  Creek,  which  thoT  oonmiuni- 
oated  to  the  gold-disoovor  oommlttee  July  6th.  Mr. 
James  Esmond,  a  California  digfrer,  and  three  others, 
obtahied  gold  on  the  quarts  nodes  of  the  PyrsBees,  and 
made  the  dlsoovery  public  July  6tb,  Dr.  QeorKe 
Bnihn,  a  Oerman  physician,  found  ladiealions  of  gold 
in  quartz  "  two  miles  from  Farlcer's  etation,"  In  April, 
1861,  and  forwarded  specimens  to  the  n>ld>committee 
Juno  30th.  Mr.  Thomas  Hisoock  found  gold  at 
Buninyong  August  8th,  and  eonnnunioated  the  tmet  to 
the  editor  of  the  Oeeiomi  AdmrtUer  on  the  10th  of  the 
same  month.  This  diacoTory  led  to  tliat  of  the 
Ballamt  gold-fields.  Mr.C.  T.  Petera,  a  hut-keeper  at 
Barker'd  Creek,  and  three  others,  found  gold  at 
Specimen  Oully  July  80th  ;  worked  aecratfy  to  Sep- 
tember 1st,  then  published  the  account  This  led  to 
the  discovoTy  of  the  numenms  gold-flelda  about  Mount 
Alexander. 

Gold  discovered  at  Clnnes,  Victoria,  by  James  WiDlam 
Esmond.    July  1, 1861. 

Large  nuggets  of  gold  found  by  an  aboriginal  at  Mcrooor 
Louisa  Creek,  Turon,  on  a  station  beloi^finff  to  Dr. 
Kerr,  five  miles  from  Bathurst  and  20  rniies  from 
Mudgee.  July  16,  1851.  [When  discovered  it  was  in 
three  pieces,  though  genemlly  supposed  to  belong  to 
one  mass.  One  piece  weighed  70  Ids.  and  the  others 
60  lbs.  each.] 

Disooveiy  of  goM  at  Ballamt  by  Richard  Toiner, 
lliomaa  Dunn,  James  Merrick,  Geoi^ge  Wilson,  and 
Charles  Gerrard,  August  24,  1851.  (Another  party, 
consisting  of  Connor,  Woodward,  Brown,  Jeanes, 
Smith,  and  Thornton  were  on  the  field  at  the  same 
time,  and  Woodward  said  that  the  discovery  of  gold  at 
Ballarat  was  first  made  by  Brown  on  the  Monday 
moming,  August  26, 1861.] 

Gold  found  at  Unninyong  by  Hiscoek,  August,  1851. 
Bendigo  gold-fleld  discovered,  December  8,  1861. 
Araluon  gold  diggings,  N.S.W.,  discovered  by  A.  Wad- 
dell,  nnd  Hick»'n.  1851. 
Gold  found  at  Anderson  Creek,  Victoria,  1861. 

Abercrombie  gold  diggings,  N.S.W.  discovered,  1851. 

Meroo  gold-fleld.  New  South  Wales,  discovered,  1861. 

lAxge  nugget  of  gcrfd.  called  "  the  Brennan,"  weeing 
804  ounces  11  dwta,  found  at  Meroo  or  Louisa 
Creek,  twenty-four  vards  from  the  arot  where  the 
three  loi^e  pieces  had  previously  been  discovered,  1851. 
[It  was  sold  in  Sydney  for  £1,166.] 

Two  tons  of  gold  were  exported  to  England  from  the 
oolony  of  New  South  Wales  in  one  veasel  in  the  monUi 
of  January,  1852. 

Two  nuggets  found  at  Lonlaa  Creek,  one,  called  the 
<'  King  of  the  Watercourse  Nuggeta,"  weighing  157 
ounces,  and  the  other  71  ounces,  1852. 

First  bendigo  escort  despatched  with  20,087  ounces  gold, 
July  25,  1852. 

Mr.  Charles  Ring,  a  settler,  first  discovered  gold  in  New 
Zealand,  on  Cape  Cobulle,  forty  miles  east  of  Auck- 
land, in  the  vicinity  of  Coromandel  Harbour,  October. 
1862. 

Tlie  "  Nil  Desperandum,"  nugget,  weighing  640  ounces, 
found,  November  20, 1867. 

Gold  found  at  Fingal,  Tasmania,  in  1857.  [The  Govern- 
ment gave  £2,000  for  a  further  search,  but  without 
aucce»i  ] 

Nu;o?et,  wei;:hing  53  ounces,  found  at  Louisa  Creek, 
New  South  Wales,  1857. 

*'  blauche  Barkly,"  nugget,  found,  August  83, 1867. 

"  The  W^elconio  "  found  at  Bakery  Iliil,  Ballaimt,  Victoria 

(valued  at  £8,370),  June  0, 1858. 
A    i>arty  of  four  at  Burrandongr,   neav  Orange,  New 

South  Wales,  at  a  depth  of  86  feet  found  a  nugget  of 


gold,  the  atandaid  weight  of  whieh  ww  1,127 1 

6  dwta.  and  was  valued  at  £MW  8a  Ittd.  atthaSydasj 

Mhit,  November  1, 186& 
Gold  discovered  at  Snowy  Rhrer,  New  South  Wales, 

January  87, 1800. 
Two  laqpe  nunats,  one  waii^iog  100  ounces,  and  the 

other  weighmg  OS  ounces  18  dwta.,  found  at  Kiaodia, 

New  South  Walea,  March,  ISeO. 
Lambing   Flat  gold-diggings  discovered  on  Mr.  Jibm 

Whitra  Station,  Bunangong,  by  hia  nephew  Denii 

Began,  and  the  oook  nanMd  Alexander,  June,  IMOi 
Lacge  nugget,  weighing  400  ounces,  found  at  Kiandn, 

8nowy  mver,  New  South  Wales,  October,  1860. 
Large  and  nearly  eoUd  nugget,  weighing  140  ooaeei, 

found  on  the  Tooloom  dJKgmgs,  New  South  Wales,  U80. 
Burraageiig.   Lambing   Flat,  further  prospeetad  and 

discovert  to  be  a  payablegold-fleld,  Janoaiy  1861.  (A 

great  rush  took  place,  whoi  aampleis  of  gtm  were  ex- 

hihitedini^ydnmr.] 
Two  nu^^ta  were  found  at  New  Chum  Hill,  KlaDdn,one 

weighing  42  ounoea,  the  other  800  ounces,  July,  1861. 
A  nugget,  weighing  84  ounces  7  dwL,   found  bv  two 

boj-s  at  QundiEtfai.  New  South  Wales,  July.  '^SSL 
OoM  found  at^iapeka,  New  Zealand,  by  Mr-Gahriel-^ 

Reed.  1861. 
Gould  found  traces  of  gold  in  Tasmania,  at  the  Gordon, 

the  Franklm,  and  the  Khig  River.  1861. 
A  nugget  of  20  ounces  of  gold  lotmd  in  Red  Jacket  QuIIt, 

Whipstick,  Victoria,  March,  1863. 
Calliope  gold-fleld,  Queensland,  proclaimed.  Hay  26, 1861 
The  Great  Britain  Co.,  Gibraltar  Hill,  Majoitsik  Victom 

(eight  shareholders),  raised  in   a  week  six  tons  of 

quartx,  yielding  34  ouncea  18  dwts.,  or  over  58  ounces 

to  the  ton.  April,  1864. 
Ajroldfleld  and  o^per*mitte  dtseovered  on  the  rivtf 

Ooncurry,  1866. 
Gympic  (Queensland)  gold-field  discovered  by  a  nuo 

named  Nash,  1867. 
The  "  Welcome  Stranger,**  nugget,  found  at  HoliaTul, 

eight  miles  from  Duuolly,  victoria,  the  grosn  wei^t 

a-as  2101ba.,  and  it  yielded  2,302  ounces  18  dwU.  5  gn. 

of  smelted  gold,  February  6, 1800. 
Gold  discovered  at  Waterhouse,  Tasmania,  Uardi  19, 

1860. 
A  specimen,  weighing  SSOIba.,  two-thirds  being  estimated 

to  be  pure  gold,  was  found  near  Braidwood.  November, 

1860. 
A  huge  nugget  found  at  Berlin,  Victoria,  weighing  l,\^ 

ounces.  May  31, 1870. 
A  laige  nugget  found  at  Berlin,  Victoria,  weigiuof^  806 

ounces,  September,  1870. 
Discovery  of  a  rich  gold  reef  at  New  Walcha,  New  Soatb 

Wales,  November  0, 187a 
A  cake  of  gold  from  John  Krohmann*8  cbfan  at  Hill  End, 

TVimbaroora,  Nea-  South  Wales,  weighmg  6,612  ounces 

and  valued  at  £20,000,  the  result  of  one  cnubuv  of 

16  tons  of  quarts,  exhibited  at  the  Sydney  Intercoloiual 

ExhibiUon,  May  1, 1872. 
Another    monster  nugget  found  at  Beriin,  Victeris; 

valued  at  £1,963,  May  14. 1871 
The  largest  result  ever  obtained  from  one  crnafaioff  in 

Australia,  was  at  Beyer's  and  Holtermann's  claim,  Hilj 

End.  Tkmbaroora,  Now  South  Wales.    The  a-eigbt  of 

the  mass  was  630Iba ,  its  he^ht  4ft  Oin.,  Its  width  2ft 

2in.,  and  it  was  valued  at  £12,000,  June  23, 1S72. 
Auriferous  reef  found  at  Yam  Creek,  one  hundred  miles 

from  Port  Darwin,  August  16, 1872. 
Discovery  of  a  nugget  at  Smyfheadale,  near  BaUant, 

weighing  ISIbs.,  Febnuury,  1878. 
Exteisive  gold  diggings  found  at  Endeavoor  River, 

Queensland,  187S. 
At  Beyers  and  HoItermann*s  mine,  HIU  End,  New  Sootft 

Wales.  102cwt.  of  gold  was  in  10  tons  of  stnir.    From 

the  same  mine  a  slab  of  vein-staff  and  gold  wei^u)^ 

6^  cwt.  was  exhibited  which  was  esthnated  to  coatam 

2  cwt,  of  gold.— Feb.  1, 1873. 
Gold  found  at  Tumbling  Watera,  Northeni  Tsmtaiy.- 

March  22, 1873.  ^  _ 

The  mint  returns  for  gold  from  416  tons  of  ▼ein-wm 

from  Messrs.  B^ers  and  Holtermann's  mine  at  Hui 

End,  N.B.W.,  were  16,280  on.,  the  value  being £iB,2to. 

—1873. 
Krohmann'e  Company,  HiH  End,  N  8.W.,  raised  4J6  tons 

9   cwt.  of   stuff,  for  which  the  mine  retunw  were      , 

24.479  009. 9  dwts.  of  gold,  valued  at  £W,OW  H*. »-      I 

187a 


GOLD. 


Ill 


A  waggti  iwteldagSOoM^  ftwmd  «t  Ooppwfleld,  Qu— m- 

had,  Oct  87. 1878. 
Opeomg  of  Hr.Ioeley'B  prirate  gold-field  atMandumiiAh, 

oeir5ut»ttr,  N.8.W.,  Jan  M,  1878. 
Ihe  Hodgklnaoii,  Northern  Qufwnnhind,   offidalhr  re> 

ported  M  diaooTered   by  J.   V.  Mulligan,   M'Leod, 

Warner,  Abelaon,  Kennedy,   and    Crtmley,  Feb.  10, 

1876. 
A  Chinaman,  at  Joricho,  near  Berlin,  DunoUy  district, 

Victoria,  found    a  nugg«t  of  gold  weighing  400  oc, 

Jbiie2S,lSi8. 
A  m^pat  weighimr  250  o«.,  found  near  Btintaiyong, 

Victoria.  July  XI,  187& 

Gympib  Gold-Fields,  Rush  to. 

Ruah  to  the  Gympie  gold-field,  Queensland, 
Jaly,  1868. 

Ln^ENSES  TO  Search  fob.  The  followmff  is  a 
copy  of  the  first  license  to  search  for  ^Td  in 
Australia,  and  was  issued  on  Qaeen's  Birthday 
anniversary  : — 

K«.  L  GOLD  LiCBMn.  Iby  84,  18S1. 

T)k  bearer,  Richard  Roe^  haying  paid  to  me  the  stun  of 
<«e  pound  ten  shiUinga,  on  account  of  ihe  Territorial 
Rerome,  t  hereby  authorise  him  to  dig,  search  for,  and 
nmove  gold  from  any  such  Crown  lands  within  the^oun- 
trr  d  Bathurst,  as  I  shall  assign  to  him  for  that  purpoee, 
imiog  the  month  of  May,  185L 

This  license  must  be  produced  whenever  demanded  by 
me,  or  ottier  persons  acting  under  the  authority  of  Ctoveni- 
fiMuL  (Signed)  j.  a.  hardy,  4.p., 

Oommissioner. 

Pint  license  issued  in  Victoria,  Sep.  21,  1851. 

The  number  of  sold  licenses  issued  in  N.S.  W. 
was  12,186,  of  which  2,094  was  issued  at  the 
Ophir;  8,637  at  the  Turon;  1,009  at  the  Meroo 
uid  Louisa  Creek  ;  41  at  the  Abercrombie  ; 
and  405  at  Araluen,  up  to  Oct.  31,  1861. 

Delates  from  Vicionan  miners,  asking  for 
redoetion  of  gold  miner's  license,  waited  on 
<rov«mor  Hotham,  who  reduced  the  charge  from 
^.  per  month  to  40s.  per  quarter,  1854. 

The  monthly  gold  license  fee  was  repealed  in 
Victoria,  and  a  small  export  duty  imposed 
instead,  1855. 

XroGETs  Found  in  New  South  Wales, 

The  annexed  statement  is  from  Mr.  Liversidge's  pamph- 
let on  Minerals  of  New  South  Wales  :— 
Examples  of  New  South  Wales  Nuggets. 

No.  1.  Found  in  July,  1861,  by  a  native  boy,  amongst  a 
heap  of  quartz,  at  Meroo  Creek  or  Louisa  Creek,  Turon 
Kirer,  fifty-three  miles  from  Bathurst,  and  twenty-nine 
miles  from  Mudgee,  New  South  Wales.  It  was  in  three 
pieces  when  discovered,  though  generally  considered 
u  one  mass.  The  aboriginal  who  discovered  these 
blocks  '*  observed  a  spec](  of  glittering  substance  upon 
the  surface  of  a  block  of  the  quartf^,  upon  which  ho 
applied  his  tomahawk,  and  broke  off  a  portion."  One 
of  the  pieces  weighed  701b.  avoir. ,  and  gave  001b.  troy 
cf  coM  ;  the  gross  weight  of  the  other  two  about  0<Hb. 
each.  These  three  pieces,  weighing  IJcwt,  contained 
ISOlb.  troy  of  gold,  and  about  Icwt  of  quarta.  In  the 
same  year  another  nugget,  weight  SOIb.  Ooa,  was  dis- 
covered in  clay,  24  yards  from  the  laive  pieces ;  and  in 
the  following  year,  also  near  to  No.  4,  there  were  found 
two  nuggets,  weighing  157oz.  and  7loz.  Gross  weight 
(troyX  lOttb.   127aoz. 

No.  2.  A  model  of  what  is  said  to  be  the  first  huqge  nugget 
loond  in  New  South  Wales,  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Au*- 
tralion  Museum,  Sydney.    Found  in  Ophir  Creek. 

Na  3.  A  nogget  weighing  20ox.  was  found  at  Bingera  In 
1852. 

No.  4.  Found  by  a  party  of  four,  on  let  November,  1868, 
at  Burrandong,  near  Orange,  New  South  Wales,  at  a 
dtpth  of  36ft ;  when  poundfed  with  •  hammer  it  yielded 
i:20lb.  of  gold,  for  which  £6,000  were  offered.  Melted  at 
the  Sydney  Mint,  when  it  weighed  ISSOoz.  8dwt.;  after 
melting,  1182os.  7dwt.;  loss  8  per  cent.;  fineness,  87*4 


per  ocDt. ;  (he  standard  weight  of  gold  being  1127ok. 

6dwt.    Value,  £4.336  8s.  lOd  The  gold  was  mixed  with 

quarts  and  sulphide  of  iron  (mun£c).  Assay,  87-40  per 

oent.  gold,  equal  to  SO  car.  S}  car.  gn.    Gross  weight 

(troy)  1071b.  doa  8dwt. ;  1,286ok.  8dwt. 
No.  6.  Found  at  Kiandra,  Snowy  River,  New  South 

Wales,  October,  1860.    Gross  weight  (troy)  331b.  4oz. ; 

400OB. 
Ka  6.  "The  Brenan  Nugget**    Found  in  Meroo  Creek, 

Turon  River,  New  South  Wales,  embedded  in  day ; 

measured  21iiL  in  circumference.    It  was  found  24yds. 

from  No.  1.    Sold  hi  Sydney,  1851,  for  £1166.    Gross 

weight  (troy),  SOlb.  6oz. ;  364oz.  lldwt. 
No.  7  Found  at  New  Chum  Hill,  Kiandrn.  New  South 

Wales,  July,  1861.    Gross  weight  (troy),  16Ib.  8oa  ; 

200OB. 
No.  8.  Found  at  Kiandra,  Bnowj-  River,  New  South 

Wales,  March,  1800.    Oroas  weight  (troy),  181b  4os ; 

lOOOK. 

No.  0.  Found  in  1868,  at  Meroo  Creek,  Turon  River,  New 

South  Wales,  dose  to  No.  1.    This  vfua  called  "The 

King  of  the  Waterwom  Nuggets."  Gross  weight  (troy), 

ISlb.  los. ;  1670S. 
No.  10.  Found  in  1800,  at  the  Tooloom  diggings,  New 

South  Wales ;  nearly  solid  gold.    Gross  weight  (troy), 

111b.  80s.  ;  140  OS. 
No.  II.  Found  at  Kiandra,  Snowy  River,  New  South 

WaIes,March  186a  Gross  weight  (troy),71b .  9os.  18dwt ; 

980S.  18dwt. 
No.  12.  Found  in  1852,  at  Louisa  Creek,  New  South 

Wales ;  a  solid  lump  of  gold.    Gross  weight  (troy),  01b. 

lOoz.  ;  82ox. 
No.  13.  Found  by  two  boys,  in  July,  1861,  at  Qundagai 

(new  diggings).  New  South   Wales.     Gross   weight 

(troy),  61b  4os.  7dwt ;  64ob.  7dwt. 
No.  14.  Found  in  1867,  at  Louisa  Creek,  New  South 

Wales;  gold  and  crystatised  quartz.     Oroas  weight 

(troyX  41b.  20S. ;  6O0K. 
No.  16.  Found  at  New  Chum  Hill,  Kiandra,  New  South 

Wales,  in  July,  1861.    Gross  weight  (troy),  31b.  Ooz. ; 

42oB. 
No.  10.  Found  at  Summer  Hill  Creek,  New  South  Wales. 

The  earliest  nugget  found  in  New  South  Wales  after 

the    gold  discovery  there  by    Haiigraves,  May   13, 

1851.    Gross  weight  (troy),  lib.  loz.  ;  ISoz. 
No.  17.  A  nugget  weighing  22os.  18dwt  12gr.  was  fMmd 

on  "  M'Guljigan's    Lead,"   about   nine    miles  from 

F^kes.    The  metal  was  of  dark  colour,  and  free  from 

gangue,  1870. 
No.  18.  A  nugget  wdghing  19ok.  12dwt.  was  found  early 

in  1576  at  ue  "  Wapping  Butcher**  mine,  near  Parkes. 


Nuggets  found  in  Victoria. 

When  found. 


Black  HUI . . 

Canadian  Gully 


ft 


tt 
ft 
>* 
i» 
ft 


»» 
Eureka 
Dalton*s      Flat,      Canadian, 

"Lady  Hotham" 
Bakery  HiU 


14  Oct,  1861 

20  Jan.,  1853 

22  Jan.,  1863 

31  Jan.,  1863 

Feb.,  1863 

Febu,  1858 

Fob ,  1853 

7  Feb.,  1864 


Weight 
lb.oz.dt. 

7  0  0 
93  1  11 
84  8  15 
134  11  0 
SO  8  0 
80  11  ? 
11  11  15 
62    1    0 


8  Sep.,  1854  ..  93  1  17 

6  Mar.,  1856  . .  47  7  0 

,,        „  Mar.,  18!S5  . .  40  0  0 

"  Union  Jack,"  Buninyong  . .  23  Feb.,  1857  . .  28  6  0 
Black  HiU  Lead,  *'  NU  Desper- 

andum"                         ..  29  Nov.,  1857  ..  45  0  0 

Baker\'  HUI,  "  Welcome  **    . .  0  June,  1858  . .  184  9  16 

Koh-i-Noor  Claim  ..            ..  27  July,  1860  ..  09  0  0 

„        **  Sir       Dominic 

Daly**  Feb,  1882  ..  26  0  0 

Mollagul,   "Welcome   Stmn- 

ger'* 9Feb.,  1809  ..  190  0  0 

WebbvUle,  Buninyong  1  Aug.,  1809..  12  0  0 

Port  Curtis,  Rush  for. — Announcement 
made  of  the  discovery  of  gold  at  Port  Chirtis,  at  a 
place  called  Canoona,  on  the  banks  of  the  Fitzroy 
River,  in  1858.  In  October  10,(XX)  persons  had 
congregated  in  that  district ;  the  rush  was 
however  a  failure,  and  resulted  in  great  misery 


112 


GOLD. 


and  want,  and  in  November  there  were  only  4,000 
or  5,000  personB  left,  but  it  has  been  the  means 
of  forming  a  prosperous  settlement  in  that  port. 
Port  Curtis  is  situated  on  the  verge  of  the 
tropic  of  Capricorn  on  the  eastern  part  of 
Australia.  It  was  discovered  by  Hinders  in 
1802,  and  named  after  Admiral  Sir  Roger  Curtis, 
who  then  commanded  at  the  Cape  of  GkK>d  Hope. 
The  harbour  is  nearly  as  large  as  Port  Jackson.] 

Rewards  fob  Discovbry  of.  The  Parlia- 
ment of  New  South  Wales  voted  £10,000  to  Mr. 
Hargraves  as  a  reward  for  the  discovery  of 
gold  in  the  colony,  and  £1,000  as  a  gratuity  to 
the  Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke  as  a  mark  of  appreciation 
for  his  geological  reports,  addressed  W  him  to 
the  Crovemment,  1853.  [£5,000  was  afterwards 
paid  to  him.] 

The  Prospecting  Board,  Victoria,  made  the 
following  awards  m  1860  : — 

J.  Mitchell  ADd  others,  Wahgunyah 
E.  W.  Oladman,  Baw  Baw 
R.  Ellison  and  others,  Londonderry 
J.  Parker  and  others,  Hines.  &c. 
J.  Dunleary  and  others,  Redbank 
J.  and  .1.  Thomas.  Mountain  Creek 
J.  Middlemiss  ana  uiother,  Redbank,  &c. 
W.  M<Crea,  Hawthorn,  Icy  and  Pleasant 
Greeks  ..        060    0    0 

The  Government  of  Victoria  paid  the  following 
amounts  to  discoverers  of  gold  in  1861  : — 


£1,000 

0 

0 

260 

0 

0 

250 

0 

0 

760 

0 

0 

aoo 

0 

0 

750 

0 

0 

.   300 

0 

0 

Mr.  Hargraves 
Rev.  W.  R  Clarke  . . 

Further  reward   .. 
Mr.  Michael  A  others 

Further  reward  .. 
Mr.  Bruhn 

Further  reward  .. 
Mr.  Hiscock 

Further  reward  .. 
Mr.  Esmond 

Further  rewards 
Clunes 
J.  Mechosk,  Turan- 

gower  and  King- 

ower 

Further  reward  . 
Mr.  Campbell 


1855.. 
1856.. 
1861.. 
1865.. 
1861.. 
1855.. 
1861.. 
1865.. 
1801.. 
1866.. 


£476  4 
623  16 
676  4 
628  16 
238  0 
262    0 


. .  £2,881 
0   )    1,000 


0 
0 


0 
0 


476  4  0  ) 
623  16  0  V 
476    4    0  j 


1,000    0    0 
500    0    0 


1,000    0    0 


) 


1861..      628  16    0  ..   1,000    0    0 


1857.. 
I860.. 


476    4    0 
628  16    0 


}' 


,000    0    0 
476    4    0 


Awards  made  by  the  Board  appointed  in  Vic- 
toria to  consider  aplications  for  rewards  for  the 
discovery  of  new  gold-fields  : — 

J.  Donnelly  and  others,  Donnellv's  Creek  . .  £660    0    0 
J.  M.  Connell  and  others,  Walsh  s  Creek    .,     200    0    0 

C.  Donovan,  Donovan's  Creek  200    0    0 

The  Select  Committee  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  of  Victoria,  appointed  March  4,  1863, 
to  inquire  into  claims  of  prospectors  and  dis- 
coverers of  new  gold-fields  made  the  following 
awards: — 

J.  Pollard  and  others,  Ararat 

A.  Thompson  and  others,  Inglewood 

J.  Law  and  others,  Navarre 

W.  Qooley,  Ooolev's  Creek,  Upper  Goulbum 

E.  Hill,  Mount  Blackwood 

W.  Pierce  and  another,  Alma 

J.  Gera^hty  and  others,  Emerald,  Nicholson, 

and  Britannia 
J.  O'Hanigan,  Emerald 
T.  Potter  and  others,  New  Inglewood 
A.  Franktovich.  Redcastle 

D.  Torquoy  and  others,  Campbell's,  near 
Ararat  ....        400    0 


£1100 

0 

0 

800 

0 

0 

600 

0 

0 

I  100 

0 

0 

300 

0 

0 

300 

0 

0 

9 

600 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

800 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

€k)LD  Rewabds  under  the  RegnlatioDB  of  the 
Gold-fields  Reward  Fund  of  the  Colony  of  Vic- 
toria. A  Board  specially  appointed,  recom- 
mended awards  as  follows  (January  22,  1864}  :— 

Mouirr  Alezakdhi— £1,000— etpially  <Uvlded  betweeo 
John  Worley,  C.  T.  Peten,  George  BohinaoD,  sod 
Robert  Keen. 

Imdioo— £600— J.  H.  Conness. 

AvocA— £400— equally  divided  between  Daniel  Bon, 
George  Bell,  senior,  Geocge  Bell,  Junior,  and  John  Cox. 

Cbsswick— £800— to  be  divided  as  follows:  J.  P.  Main, 
£150;  John  Hoffben,  £100 ;  the  remaining  £550  to  be 
divided  equally  between  Bobert  Qrmand,  James  Wil- 
liams, Patrick  Brannigan,  WilUam  I^ons,  WUltem 
OUes,  Charles  T^uidy,  Lawrence  Lawrenson,  William 
Lesjy,  Alfred ,  John . 

Rbkdt  C&ksk— £100— J.  Jones. 

Daylbbford— £800— to  be  divided  thus:  John  Egaa, 
£000 ;  and  Thomas  Connell,  £200. 

McIvoR— £400— William  BulUng. 

KoROKO— £400— to  be  equally  divided  between  H.T. 
CuUen,  ^Adams,  R.  Higgs,  and  T.  W.  White. 

FIXRT  Crsbk— £400— to  be  equally  divided  between 
Matthew  M.  Johnston,  William  JeweU,  Edward  Win- 
dus,  and  John  Thomas. 

Eltsian  Flat— £350— to  be  equally  divided  between?. 
O.  Emmett,  Eugene  Bees,  Alexander  Lovdl,  Robert 
Jamieson,  Christopher  Smith,  and  W.  T.  Glover. 

Wardt  Yalloak— £000— to  be  divided  thus:  Herbert 
Swindells,  £100 ;  and  the  remaining  £500  to  be  equally 
divided  between  H.  V.  Smith,  T.  Kemp,  and  J.  Uardir. 

B.  B.  AND  JoRDAH— £S0O— to  bo  equally  divided  betweeo 
William  Ouinn,  Owen  ¥rhitUe,  Oilbeit  Jones,  and 
P.  Sandfoxd. 

Uppxr  Goulburh— £200— Terence  T.  Gaffney. 
Total,  £6,150. 

160  applications  sent  to  the  Board  appointed 
by  the  Victorian  Parliament,  claiming  rewards 
for  ihe  discovery  of  new  gold-fields. — January 
22,   1864. 

Amonnts  paid  by  Government  of  Victoiiar— 


1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1869 


£4,52S  16 

Nil. 
£  476    4 

Nil. 
NIL 


1860 
1861 
1862 
1868 
1864 


£2,62316 

S.8S7   4 

8SS   6 

2,300    0 

6,150   0 


0 
0 
8 
0 
0 


These  sums  do  not  include  £476  4s.  paid  to  Mr. 
Campbell,  and  £950  to  Mr.  W.  M*Crac,  paid 
before  1864.  The  total  rewards  paid  for  the 
decade  ending  1864  amounted  to  £22,190  10s. 
8d. 

Mr.  E.  H.  Hargraves  sranted  a  penBion  of 
£260  per  annum  for  life  from  N.S.W.  Govern- 
ment for  gold  discovery,  from  January  1, 1877. 

Right  of  the  Crown  to  (xold,  found  on 
private  property,  confirmed  by  the  Privy  Council, 
February  8,  1877. 

Riots  in  Connection  with.  Riots  at  Bal- 
larat  were  caused  by  the  way  in  which  the  gold 
licenses  were  collected,  and  by  otiier  matters 
which  the  Government  appeared  to  ignore.  The 
diggers  erected  a  stockade,  called  the  Kureka, 
which,  after  some  fighting,  was  captured  by  the 
military.     1854. 

Riots  at  Lambing  Flat  in  consequence  of  the 
influx  of  Chinese,  June  1,  1861. 


GOLD  ESCORT— GOVERNORa 


113 


Total  QrAirmr  of  Gold,  obtained  in  Aub- 
tnlia  and  New  Zealand  from  date  of  first 
diflcoTery: — 


Colony. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

01. 

£ 

1  New  Sooth  Wales 

■  • 

8,436,114 

81,418,940 

2  New  Zealand     .. 

•  • 

8,860,652 

82,699,281 

SQueenaiaiid 

•  • 

1,889,468 

6,940,417 

4  Soath  Austral]* 

•  • 

600,000 

i  Tkonaoia  in  lg76  (gold 

exported) 

•  • 

10,278 

41,861 

6  Vktoria  ..        .. 

•  • 

•  • 

46,444,188 

186,n6,76S 

GnmdTMal   .. 

6&,189,600 

£267,872,268 

{For  later  return  me  Mm&AL  Statoticb.) 

VirrofUAN  Disc»ysRXR  or.  James  William 
Eimond,  the  discoverer  of  sold  in  Victoria,  had, 
hke  Hargraves,  been  at  we  Califomian  gold- 
fidd^  and  felt  convinced  of  the  auriferous 
oatare  of  the  Australian  soil.  He  left  Port 
Phillip  for  California  in  June,  1849,  observed 
the  nmilarities  in  soil  and  general  features 
hetween  Clunes  and  California,  and  decided  to 
return  to  explore  his  Australian  home  for  gold. 
Cmnimstances  made  Esmond  and  Hargraves 
fdlow-paasengers  on  their  return  from  Cali- 
fornia to  Sydney.  Esmond  found  gold  at 
Clunea,  Tuesday,  July  1,  1H51;  and  published 
h»  (liacovery  at  Geelong,  July  6,  following. 
[^veral  other  parties  were  said  to  have  dis- 
covered ^Id  in  Victoria  before  this,  particularly 
^m.  Richfould,  at  Amherst,  in  1848,  and 
Chapman,  at  the  Pyrenees,  on  June  6,  1851.] 

GOLD  ESCORT.  First  gold  escort  from  the 
Etheridge,  Queensland,  started,  April  13, 1872. 

GOLD-FIELDS  REGULATION  ACT,  Vic- 
^'RiA,  came  into  operation,  January,  1853.  [The 
license  fee  was  thirty  shillings  per  month,  and 
pre  aommary  jurisdiction  to  commissioners  and 
JQstioea  of  the  peace ;  a  double  fee  was  imposed 
on  foreigners.  A  public  meeting  of  miners  was 
held  to  protest  ik^ainst  the  provisions  of  the 
Act,  on  account  of  the  largeness  of  Uie  fees  and 
if  ziving  summary  jurisdiction  to  commissioners 
»m[  jostices.] 

"GOLDFINDER, "  Early.  M'Gregor,  a  shep- 
herd in  the  Wellington  district,  N.S.W.— better 
known  by  the  sauMiquet  of  **  Goldfinder"— used 
to  create  temporary  excitement  on  his  periodical 
trips  through  Bathurst  on  his  way  to  sell  gold  in 
Sydney.  He  never  revealed  the  secret  of  the 
place  of  discovery.  [This  was  several  years  before 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  Australia  was  published.  ] 

GOLD  MINE,  THE  Deepest  in  Auotralia. 
"Hie  Magdala  Goldminins  Company's  mine,  at 
Stawell,  Victoria,  is  2,032ft.  below  the  surface, 
ttd  1.200ft.  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  1879. 

<iOLD  REGISTER,  Fnwr,  issued  in  New  South 
Wales,  March  30,  1857. 

COLD  REVENUE  The,  placed  at  the  disposal 
of  Colonial  Lesislatures  by  a  despatch  received 
Irom  the  Colomal  Ministers,    September,  1852. 

h 


GOLD  ROBBERIES,  The  "Nelson,'  gold-ship, 
which  was  lying  in  Hobson's  Bay  with  £24,000 
of  gold  in  buluon,  was  boarded  by  a  ^;ang  of 
thieves  who  carried  off  the  treasure,  which  has 
never  been  recovered ;  there  were  at  the  time 
three  sailors  and  three  passengers  in  the  ship, 
April  2,  1852. 

Weibero  Robbery.  The  "Avoca"  gold  rob- 
bery. 5,000  sovereigns,  the  property  of  the 
Oriental  Buik,  stolen  from  on  boara  the  P.  k  O. 
steamer  on  the  passage  from  Sydney  to  Mel- 
bourne by  a  ship's  carpenter,  Martin  Weiberg, 
who  also  accused  the  first  officer  of  being  con- 
cerned in  it,  August,  1877. 

[See  Bushrangers  and  Crimes,  M*Ivot  and 
Euffowra  Escort  Bobberies.} 

GOLDEN  HORSESHOES.  Mr.  Cameron,  a 
storekeeper  at  the  Woolshed,  New  £1  Dorado 
(the  first  member  of  the  Victorian  Legislative 
Assembly  returned  for  the  Ovens),  rode  into 
Beechworth,  Victoria,  on  a  horse  called  Castor, 
(belonging  to  Mr.  Brown,  of  Wagga,  who  was  in 
Beechworth  at  the  time),  shod  with  golden 
shoes.  The  weight  of  each  shoe  was  7oz.  4dwt. 
The  shoes  were  on  the  horse  three  days,  1856. 

GOULBURN  RrvER,  discovered  by  Hume  and 
HoveU,  and  so  named  by  them  in  honour  of  the 
Colonial  Secretary  of  New  South  Wales,  De< 
cember  3,  1824. 

GOVERNORS. 

Colonel  Arthur,  Governor  of  Tasmania,  be- 
longed to  the  York  Chasseurs ;  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Honduras,  1814;  amved  in 
Tasmania,  1824. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Barney  appointed  Lieu- 
tenant Governor  of  Northern  Australia,  the  only 
Governor  of  that  intended  colony,  arrived  in  the 
•*  William  Hyde,"  September  16,  1846.  He 
left  shortly  afterwards  m  the  "  Columbia  "  with 
a  party,  m  search  of  a  proper  site  for  the 
settlement  of  Northern  Australia,  and  returned 
on  November  28  following,  having  discovered  a 
splendid  harbour  at  Port  Curtis,  1846. 

List  of,  and  Events  in  connection  with 
THEIR  Governments. 

Sir  Arthur  Hamilton  Gordon,  K.C.H.G.  (first  GovemorX 
May  26, 1876  ;  stUl  in  office. 

Ifew  South  Walet— 

Captain  A.  Phillip,  RN.,  from  Januaiy  2e,  1788,  to 
December  10, 1792. 

Captain  F.  Oroee  (Lieutenant-Governor),  from  December 
11, 1792.  to  December  12,  1794.    . 

Capt^  Paterson,  New  South  Wales  Corps  (Lieutenant- 
Governor),  from  December  18,  1794,  to  September  1, 
1796. 

Captain  Hunter,  R.N.,  from  September  7,  1796,  to  Sep- 
tember 27, 1800. 

Captain  P.  G.  King,  R.N.,  from  September  28,  1800,  to 
August  12, 1800. 

CU>tain  W.  Bligh,  R.N.,  from  August  13,  1806,  to 
January  26, 1808. 

During  Governor  Bligh's  suspension  the  Government  was 
successively  administered  oy— 
Lieutenant-Colonel  G.  Johnstone,  Lieutenant-  Colonel 


dU 


aOYEEaifOB& 


Foveanx,  and  Colonel  WiUtam  BMaiWD,  all  (tf  the  Neir 

Soath  Wales  Corps,  afterwards  lOSnd  R^gtment,  tnm 

laanaiy  S6, 1808,  to  Deoember  18, 180O. 
Ma1or^S«Deral  L.  liaoqaaiie,  fron  JaMmqr  1,  IMO,  to 

Deoember  1, 182L 
Vajor-General  SirT.  Brisbane,  K.C.&,  from  Deosmber 

1, 1821,  to  December  1, 18S6. 
Oalonel  8tewa)rt,8rd  H^dment  of  Bixli  (AcCiav  QmmmBit% 

from  Deoember  6, 1826,  to  December  18, 1825. 
Lieutenant-Oeneral  R.  Darling,  from  December  10,  ISK, 

to  October  21, 1881. 
Oolonel  Lindsay,  C.B.  (Aetiitt  GoT«nior),  Aram  Oolabsr 

22, 18S1,  to  Deoember  2,  lOl. 
Hajor-Oeneral  Sir  R  Boarke,  K.C.B.,  from  BeeemberS, 

18S1,  to  Decembers,  1837. 
UeateaantOolonel  K.  Suodgrass  (UeitenanlMOi  1 1 ■■« ji, 

from  December  8, 18S7,  to  Febnisiy  28,  18S8l 
fitr  Ocotge  Gippe,  from  Febmazy  24,  18S8,  to  July  11, 

1846. 
Sir  Maorice  O'Connell,  from  July  12, 1846,  to  Aqgust  2, 

184«. 
Sir  Charles  A.  Fitcroy,  Governor  CtoMnl,  ftom 

3, 1848,  to  January  17, 186& 
Sir  William  Thomas  Denison,  K  CR,  Governor  ( 

from  January  20, 1856,  to  Jamniy  22,  1861. 
[Oolonel  Henry  Keane  BloomAeld,  John  Hubert  Ptoiihotl, 

Esq.,  and  ChariesCowp^i  Eoo. ,  Administaratorsduriag 

abeenoe  of  Sir  W.  Denison  at  Norfolk  lalaxKl,  fiom  Sep- 
tember 17  to  October  f7, 1857.] 
Oolonel  John  liavwell  Feroeval,  Sir  William  WeOtbroeke 

Burton,  Kt.aod  Charles  Cowper,  Esq ,  AdminioCnKlaia 

durinff  abeenoe  of  Sir  W.  Denison  at  NoiColk  loland, 

from  June  16  to  Jul v  8, 1850.] 
Lleatenant-CoIonelJ<mn  F.  Kempt (Admlnlttimtor), from 

January  28, 1661,  to  Man  ill  21, 1861. 
Riffht  Honorable  Sir  John  Young,  Bart., K.C.B..O.C.lLCi., 

Privy  Councillor,  afterwards  Lord  Usfl^r  (Administxa- 
'    tor,)  Maroh  22,  1861,  to  Hay  16,  1801,  Guv«RMr4B- 

Ghief ,  Hay  16. 1861«  to  December  24, 1867. 
Sir  TVevor  Chute,  K.C.B.  (Administntor)  from  Deoepnbor 

25, 1867,  to  January  7, 1868. 
Somerset  Richard  Lowry  Corry,  Earl  of  Belmore,  Janmuy 

8, 1863,  to  Februanr  22,  1872. 
Sir  Alfred  Stephen,  Kt.,  C.B.,  K.C.H.a,  (Chief  4«sliee), 

from  February  23  to  June  2, 1872. 
ar  Ueioules  G.  R.  Robinson,  O.C.H.O.,  Jwic  8  to  March 

10  1870. 
Sir  Alfred  Stephen,  C.B.,  K.ailG.,  Lieutenant-Gownrar 

(Aeting^Joven&r),  from  Hareh  90, 1870. 
RilCht-Honourable  Viscount  Loftus  (Privy  OonseiUarX 

1870. 

Ctotain  William  Robson,  R.K.  Proclamation  of  British 
Sovereignty  l^  Captain  Hobson  In  January,  1840,  New 
Zealand  a  dependency  of  the  Colony  of  Mew  South 
Wales  untU  8rd  Hay,  1841.  »t  whidi  date  it  was 
proclaimed  a  separate  colony.  fYnm  January,  1840,  to 
May,  1841,  Captain  Hobson  was  Ueatenant-Ooveraor 
of  New  Zealand  mider  Sir  Georve  Gipps,  Governor  of 
New  South  Wales,  and  from  mb^,  1841,  Geivenior  of 
New  Zealand,  the  seat  of  Government  being  at  Aunk- 
land,  where  he  died  in  September,  1842.  From  the 
time  of  Oovemor  Hebson's  death  in  Baptember,  1842, 
until  the  arrival  of  Governor  Fiftcrev  in  December, 
1843,  the  Government  was  carried  on  by  the  Colonial 
Secretary,  Lieutenant  Shortland,  from  January,  1840, 
to  September  10, 1842. 

lieutenant  Shortland  (Admlntotrator),  from  September 
10. 1842,  to  Deoember  26,  1848. 

Captain  Robert  Fitzroy,  R.N.,  from  Deoember  tt,  1648, 
to  November  17, 1846. 

Captain  Grey  (became  Sir  George  Orey,  Ka&,  in  1848). 
Hekt  the  oommisrion  as  Lieutensnt'Govemor  of  the 
colony  until  January  1, 1848,  when  he  was  sworn  in  as 
Govemor-in-Chief  over  the  islands  of  New  Zealand,  and 
as  Governor  of  the  Provinoe  of  New  Ulster  and  Gover- 
nor of  the  Province  of  New  Hunster.  After  the  paminsr 
of  "The  New  Zealasd  Coostitation  Act,"  Sir  Geofise 
Grey  was,  on  September  13, 1852.  appointed  Governor 
of  the  colony,  the  duties  of  whicn  he  assumed  on 
March  7, 1853.  In  August,  1847,  Mr.  E.  J.  Byn  was 
appointed  Ueutenant^aovemar  of  New  Hunotar :  he 
was  sworn  in  January  28, 184&  On  Jamaiy  8,  1848, 
Ma}or-Q<»ieraI  Gooi^  Dean  Pitt  was  appointed  Ueoten- 
ant-Governor  of  New  Ulsto' :  be  was  iwora  in  February 
14, 1848 ;  died  JantiAiy  8, 1861 ;  and  «H4 


Lien>ii— nf'Govmor  by  I  lentonant  fVilnMslWyaiari, 

appointed  April  14, 1861;  sironi  In  Aprfl  16,  U5L  Tbt 

diittes  of  tne   UemtiiisiiH  Own  i  nor  eeased  on  the 

assumption  by  Sir  Georve  Grey  of  his  offleeof  Osniwii, 

Harch  7, 186S:  framNoremberl^lStf, toDaMSBber 

81,1863. 
Lieotenant-OoIonellMiert  Henry  Wynyanl,  C.B.  (Admin- 

istmtorX  from  January  8, 1864,  to  Sc^>tember  6, 18». 
Colonel  Thcnias  CKnre  Browne,  C.&,  from  SeptemlwT 

«,  1886,  to  Oolobcr  2, 1861. 
ilr  Oaorge  Qrqy,  ILUB.,  Administrator  fram  October 

8, 1861 ;  Govenmr,  from  Dee.  4, 1861«  to  Feb.  6,  I8BB. 
Mr  George  Iteuson  Bowen,  O.GJLQ.,  from  FriRusiyS, 

1868,  to  Har&  10, 1873.' 
ttrOeoise  Alfred  ito^.  Chief  Justice  (AibabMnJUtl 

tnm  March  &,  MTS,  to  June  14, 1873. 
The  Right  Bon.  Sta'  James  Feigusson,  Baronet,  Prir) 

Ooondllor,  from  Jwie  14, 1673,  to  Deoember  S,  1874. 
The  Bight  Hon.  the  Msiqnis  of  Normsabr,  PriTy  Cboih 

dUor,    (AdminieUtiJi)  tnm    Deoember   3,    187<; 

Gowmor  from  Jannaiy  0, 187.6,  to  Mamh,  VBS9. 
Sir  Hercules  Bofadnson,  G.C.U.O.,  from  March  21, 1S7S. 

•tittlnofltoe.  • 


Bir  Oeoige  Weiguaun  Bowbb,  4kCM  G.,  Deosmbcr  U, 

*    1860.  to  January  4, 1868 

Colonel  Maurice  Ohmles  <KCDimeU,  PresidsBt  of  the 
lAgialaMve  Oooncil  (JrinriaittratorX  Janoaiy  4,  IW, 
toAi^|iistl4,18i8. 

Oolonel  Samuel  Weosl«y  Blukall,  Aqgort  14,  1888,  u> 
January  2,  1671. 

Ooloael  Sir  Usance  dmrieB  O^OohmU,  Kt  (AdmUs^ 
trator),  JanosirS,  ISTl,  to  August  U,  UTl. 

Moot  Honorable  Gsmge  Angustus  Ooootantine,  Mar- 
quis of  Notmanby /ftivy  Goimoaior),  August  12, 1S71, 
to  Noftamber  12, 1674. 

0»loMl  ffir  Mamioe  Gfaartes  O'CoumIU  Kt.  fAdsdsfe- 
tmter),  November  12, 1874,  to  January  tS,  1876. 

William  Wellington  Gkiru,  aM.G.,  Jannaiy  23,  VSi, 
to  March  14, 1877. 

Oalonel  Sir  Maurice  Charles  OXlonnsU  (Administntor). 
Maroh  14, 1877,  to  April  10,  U77. 

Sir  Arthur  Edward  Kennedy.  C.a.  K.CM.G.  (Admin- 
istrator), AJMil  10, 1877,  to  July  20. 1877. 

Sir  Arthur  Edward  Kennedy,  CB.,  KC  M.a,  Gorcraor. 
July  10, 1877 ;  ctffl  in  oOoe. 


C^italn  John  Iflml li,  BJf.,  K.H.,  from 

28, 1816,  to  July  16, 1S88. 
Geone  Milner  Stephen,  Esq.  (OBoer  Adm.  Govt},  froai 

July  M,  1888,  to  Octo«)er  12, 1838 
liOTtt.  Col  Qeocgis  Oanrtar,  K.H.,  fkon  OelobertS,  18B, 

to  May  16, 1841. 
Geoige  Grey.  Ea^,  from  May  15, 1841.  to  Oct.  26,  IMS. 
Lieut-Col.  Fred.  Holt  Robe,  from  October  25, 1845,  to 

An^ust^,  1818. 
Sir  H.  Ed.  Fox  Tooeg,  Bt,  from  Amgad  2,  1818,  t» 

Deoember  20, 1864. 
Boyle  Travers  Finniss,  Esq.  (Officer  Adm.  GoTt),  tiaa 

Deoember  20, 1864,  to  June  8, 1856. 
Sir  lU6hatd  Graves  MafcDonnell,  CB.,  Kt,  from  Jime  8. 

1866,  to  Maroh  4, 1802. 
Sir  Domhriok  D«]y,Kt,  teom  Maroh  4, 1882,  to  Fstaai) 

10,1868. 
lieut-Ool  Francis  Gilbert  Hamley  (Officer  Adat  Qovt). 

ftrom  Febraary  fO,  1888,  to  Feiiruaiy  16,  180B- 
Bight  Hon.  air  James  Ftegwoon,  BarauBt,  bom  f^ 

rutfy  16, 1860,  to  April  1^  1878. 
Hon  Or  Richard  DavieaHanoon,  Kt ,  CUef  Justice  (Ofljeor 

Adm.  Govt ).  from  Deoember  7, 18T2,  to  June  8,  IST3. 
Sir  Anthony  Muagrave,  K.GLM.G.,  from  June  8, 187S,  t^ 

January  to,  1877.  .^ 

Hon.  Samuel  James  Way,  Chief  Justice  (Oflleer  A*k 

Govt.),  from  Jmnucry  «.  ISH,  to  March  84.  ISH- 
Sir  WiHiam  WelUngton  Cairns,  K.GLM.G.,  fnm  IbtA 

24, 1877,  to  May  17, 1877.  . . 

Hon.  Samuel  James  Way,  Chief  Justice  (Offlosr  Adsi. 

Govt.),  from  May  17, 1877,  to  October  2, 1877. 
Sir  WUliam  Francis  Drummond  Jorvois,  K.OJLG.,  CB^* 

R.E.,  sworn  in  October  2,  1877.  ^^ 

Hon.  Samuel  Jmnes  Way,  Chief  JmfOm  (OAeerAflB- 

Govt.),  from  February  14, 1878,  to  AiKUSt  15.  IS^. 
Sir  Willkm  ftmiols  Drummond  Jerrois.  KCHG.,  CB.. 

RE.,Jfcom  liMIBt  16»lgtt;<anhi. 


GOVERNMENT  HDUSE-CK)yE£NBDBNT  OEDEES. 


lit 


Ooioial  DKtUL  OoUfaw  (lAwiimntOqwrnar),  tram  Feb- 

nvy  it,  MM,  te  llM«fa««,  1810. 
Ueotfenuit  Edwud  Lcnl  aad  GkplAin   Mumy,  78rd 

MmpwMit  <fV— nrliiit»)^  tern  MwA  M,  1810,  to 

PebraM7,lB12. 
Tiwi—it  rrtiiMl  tltf«.  nrd  B«staMBt  (Tfcwwiiil 

•atX  fram  Flrtrauy,  1812,  toFefaraB74, 1818. 
eakaotA  tevqr  (XiantiiiMiit  Qiwiiniii),  from  F«bnuuy 

4, 1818,  to  Aprii  0, 1817. 
GokMiel  8oreU(Ueuteiuuat^3ov«rnor),  from  April  8, 1817. 

toHajM,  188«. 
Ookod  Axtkor  (UmteDMit^ovmMr),  tem  Mqr  14, 

U2S,  toOweaAv8, 1886. 
IinlHnBt43ciMnI  B.  OMttaar  (Goivenior-faKliiaOtroin 

DeocBter  3,  USS,  to  DeeemkerO,  1825. 
Oofamd  Arthur  <IiiotMaaVQovcni0r),  from  ]>WHnber 

«,  1835,  to  October  80,  18S6. 
licEdMMBfcOolaMl     8Do4gmi     (Aetiaflr    Liovtoiaiit- 

G«mBor),  fpom  October  81, 1886,  to  JmnnMy  6, 1887. 
Sir  Mm  taoddin,  VLH.  (LiMtoiuaMSovvroar),  from 

faiUMjO,  J887,  to  Aiigurt  21, 1848. 
Sir  J.  C.  EarfBey.Wiknot,  Bwt  (Iiei]taDMi*4ieMnor), 

tarn  Ai«wt21, 1818,  to  October  13, 18M. 
C J.  UdMe,  Eeq.  (Admiatoteator  «f  the  niiiiii—iiil), 

tarn  Ooteber  18, 18i8,  to  Juiaary  26, 1847. 
Sr  W.  T.  DeBiean,  Kt  (IieiiteiiABt<Geiwnor),   fhnn 

teauytf.  IBif,  toJasnuyS,  1866. 
&rfl.  £.  F.  Youoff,  OB.,  Kt.  (Oov«m«r4D'GhlelX <ram 

inoMT  6, 1866.  to  Deeamber  10, 188L 
Goknel  T.  Gore  Browne,  C.B.  (Admiolslcmtar),  from 

Deonber  U,  1861.  to  Jmu  Id,  1802 ;  (GovcmoHn- 

GUef),  «Rna  June  10, 1882,  to  Deeember  80, 1808. 
iMmmmUSakmti  W.  CTrarw,  CR  (AdmhriiOntorX 

bom  Deoanker  80, 1868,  to  Jteiaiy  16,  MOO. 
C.  Du  Guie,  Esq.  (Governor  an^  Oonmniiderte-ChieO 

from  Juamry  U>,  1880,  to  November  88, 1874. 
Or  ?«leatiM  ffl—lng.  St  (Adn^iditntor),  framlferch 

fl6,18l4,toJwm,l«rA 
Bk  Vnadk  Smith.  Kt.  (AdmUrtMtor),  from  Hfmrem- 

ter  SO.  1874,  to  Jtaumry  18, 1876. 
P.  A  Wild,  Saq.,  CMI.G.  (Qovemor  aad  riWMiMiiliii 

iB-C!bWX  fnm  ianmiy  13, 1876 ;  «ttU  in  olIecL 


Chariei  Joseph  La  Trebe  (Buperiatendent  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Pert  PhilHp),  from  September  80, 1889.  to  July 
lan,  aad  (Ueatenant^GovemorX  from  July  16, 1851, 
tolfay6, 1864. 

Mm  Tmey  PltHenM  Footer  (Adndnlataater),  fran  Alay 
8, 1864,  to  June  22,  1864. 

Sir  Charles  HoUuun,  ILOLB.  (lieutaMMt-Qeifwnnr),  from 
June  22, 1864,  to  December  81, 1866. 

Hajor-Osaeiml  aiwardlfacarthur  (QOear  adminiatering 
me  OovanMncnt)  iram  Jamaaiy  1,  1866^  to  Daaember 
26.1856. 

&r  Henrr  Barkly,  K.C.B.  (Oaptshi-Genenl  aad  Go- 
Teroor-u-Chief  of  the  colony  of  Victoria,  and  Vke> 
Aikiinl  ef  the  aame),  from  Oaoambar  86,  1816,  to 
Saptamfaer  10. 18B3. 

Sir  Chsries  Aeuy  Batttmr.  K.C.B.  (Gofamor  and 
Conmander-in-ChieQ,  from  September  11,  1863,  to 
May?,  I8e& 

tegaHfir  OinanJ  Oeoive  Jaekson  Oaray,  C.B.  (OOeer 
MiBMariiv  the  GnwramantX  frwn  May  7, .  iaiO»  to 
Aimt  15, 1800. 

<be  Bjji^ht  Hon.  John  Heniy  lliomaa  Hannen  Sotton. 
ViaoouDt  Oanterbuiy,  K.C.B.  (Oovemor  and  Com- 
■ander-hHChlefX  iram  >  Ai^ust  16,  1806,  to  IfMeh  8, 

vsa. 

Sir  Wmiam  fVistor  StaaraU  <Ofloar  adarinhfceriag  tha 

Government),  from  March  8,  I87S,  to  Marcb  19,  1873. 
SrGeoiffe  Fetgoaon  Bowen,  O.C.M.O.  (Administrator, 

from  MaKh  81X 1878,  to  Joly  29. 1878  ;  (Governor  aad 

pommander-in-CaiM),  irpm  Jaiy  90, 1878,  to  Daeam- 
„.berSl.l874. 
Stf  Bedmond  Bany  (Administrator  of  the  Govaaa- 

ment),  from  Jannary  3, 1875,  to  Jannary  10, 1876. 
SirWilUun  Foster  StureU  (Administrator),  from  Jan- 

uavy  11. 1876,  to  JaoMiy  14, 1870. 
«r  Geiase  Fbrgnaoa  Bo«mo,  G.C  JI.G.  (Qknwroar  aad 

Commaoderin-ChieO,  from  Janaaiy  14,  1876,  to  Fab- 

naiy  22, 1879. 
^e  Ifoit  Noble  the  Masauis  of  Vonnaaby  (Gosafnar 

*«1  OanaMDder-in-Ohii)),  from  Mareh  1,  1878 ;  atffl 


Ou)tafa   Jamaa  SUillaff   (Uentaaant'aoaHiMri,  from 
Jnae  1, 18S9,  to  September  80, 1832. 

Oaftoin  inrin,  (Aeliagr  Ueotanaot-Govecner),  fromr  Sep- 
tember, 1882,  to  September,  1888. 

OnMn  DaaieU,  (Aotfngr  lieoteaaat^SoianMi),  tnm 
aeptember,  18S8,  till  May  11, 1884. 

CMain  Beete,  (Acting  Lieatenant-Oovemor),  fiana'May 
11,  to  May  24, 1834. 

Sir  James  (f  oimeriy  Captain)  Stirihig,  (GovemoilL  team 
Ausruat,  1884,  to  December,  1838. 

John  Hntt,  Bk|.  (Goremer),  from  Jaaaary  2,  1819,  to 
Deesmber,  1846. 

Ueotenant-Oolonel  Clarke,  (Gtovemor),  from  Fibvaaiy. 
1846,  to  Febraary,  1847. 

Ueatenant-OQloneT  formerly  Captain)  Irwin,  (Oafwaorl 
from  February.  1847,  to  July,  184a 

Captain  Ohariee  Fit^garald,  (Governor),  from  Aqfost, 
1848,  to  June,  1866. 

Arthur  Bdward  Kennedy,  Esq.,  (Governor),  fram  Jane, 
1866,  to  Febnianr  17,  1862. 

LleutenantrColonel  John  Brttoe,(Aetia8r  Govemor),  from 
February  17  to  February  27, 1862. 

John  Stephen  Hampton,  Esq.  (GovemorX  torn  Feb- 
ruaiy  27, 1862,  to  Novonber,  1868. 

lieuteaant-Coloael  John  Brace,  (Acting  GovanMaXfRnn 
November,  1868,  to  September,  80, 1869. 

IVederiok  Atoyaius  Weld,  Eaq.  (Governor),  fram  Sep- 
tember 80, 1809.  to  November,  1874. 

Sir  William  Cleaver  Fruids  Boblnaon,  K.aJLG» 
(GovemorX  from  November  U.  1874,  to  Auguat  28, 
1877.  liieutenant-Coioael  £.  D.  Harvest,  (AoUng 
Governor),  from  August  28. 1877.  to  November,  1877. 

Sir  Harry  St  George  Ord,  CB.,  K.C.M»Q.,  (Govemor), 
from  November,  1S77 ;  still  in  ofilee. 

{3$e  '«Mbh  or  the  Toa"  /or  BUffrmphmao/  taHout 
Oovemorg.]  _ 

SAfiAMKH  OF.  The  aakiies  of  GovHEBora 
Hobham  and  Barkly  (Victona)  were£l5^000 
per  annum. 

The  pTBoent  oalariaii  of  Goreniors  are  >— 
New  Sooth  Walaa,  £7,000. 
New  Zealand,  £5,000,  and  allowanwy  £S^800. 
QuaenalaiMl,  £5»O0O. 
Soath  Anstnlia,  ££sOQO.  - 
Taamania,  £3,500. 
Victoria,  £10,000. 
Waitem  Australia^  ^600. 

GOVERNMENT  HOUSE,  first.  The  first 
atone  of  a  building  to  be  used  as  a  temporary 
Government  House  was  laid  May  15,  1788. 
[A  Jjiooe  of  oo^wr  recording  that  Governor 
Phillip,  with  his  party,  landed  Januaiy  24, 
1781,  placed  beneath  it.  The  site  of  the  first 
Govemment  Houae  was  in  Pitt-street,  Sydney, 
wkere  are  aow  sitnated  Viekery's  buildings. 
The  remains  were  pulled  down  in  1868.] 

{See  MSLBOUBMB  and  SUINXX.] 


GOVERNMESNT, 

UAMXNT.] 


BBflPOKSiBLZ.     [See    Pab- 


60 VEBNHENT  ORDERS.  In  the  early  days 
of  the  Colony  of  Now  South  Wales  some  extra- 
ordinaiy  "Government  Orders"  were  issued, 
which  throw  some  light  on  the  manners,  cus- 
toms, and  evil  propenaities  of  the  criminal  class. 
The  following  are  selected  as  examples  : — 

S$llmg  af  iSolitru.^'*  Although  repeated  oiders  have 
been  given  to  prevent  the  convicts  from  selling  or 
eschaoging  thsTr  proviaiaas  issued  from  the  Public 
fltoaealar  meney,  spirits,  or  tobaooo.  that  pracftice  is 
.  still  oontiaaad*  aad  as  thoae  who  aall  their  own  provi* 
aioaa  aaoat  svpfiort  themselves  by  stealing  from  oihera, 
it  ia  the  daty  af  eveqr  iaditldual  to  put  aatop  to  a 


116 


GOVETTS  LEAP— GRYLL& 


pnustioe  which  distresses  the  honest  and  industrious, 
wboae  gardens  are  robbed,  and  provisions  stolen  by 
those  who  sell  their  rations,  no  provisions  are  ever 
to  be  purchased  or  received  from  a  convict  on  any 
consideration  whatever,  and  the  Oommiisaxy  is  directed 
to  give  80  tt>.  of  flour  as  a  reward  for  discovering  any 
person  who  may  in  future  be  guilty  of  a  breach  w  this 
order.  By  ordxe  op  thi  Govzrkoe.  Fehnxary  11, 
1790." 
,  Boat  Building^**  Ho  boat  is  to  be  built  by  any  indi- 
vidual in  this  settlement  whose  Icn^h  from  stem'  to 
.  stem  exceeds  fourteen  feet  (tie  /),  without  liaving  flrst 
obtained  permission  from  Head  Quarters. — Apil  9, 
179L  "  [This  was  to  prevent  convicts  escaping  by  sea.] 

Against  lmpri$onment  for  Debt — "It  having  been 
represented  to  the  Governor  that  many  people  who  are 
concerned  in  petty  dealings  with  every  description  of 
inhabitants  in  this  colony  consider  themselves  at  liberty 
to  imprison  the  persons  of  their  debtors  when  unable 
to  discharge  theirdemands,  by  which  means  the  public 
interest  is  materially  iniured  and  the  Crown  deprived 
of  the  service  of  such  debtors :  Notice  is  hereby  given, 
and  the  Qovemor  expects  it  to  be  seriously  attended 
to,  that  the  public  labouring  servants  of  the  Crown 
are  not  to  be  detained  fl-om  their  duty  by  imprisoning 
thoir  persons  in  this  way,  the  property  they  possess 
being  considered  as  belonging  to  Qovemment ;  and  if 
any  such  dealers  shall  be  desirous  at  any  time  of 
accommodating  the  labouring  servants  of  uie  Crown 
with  credit,  it  must  be  whmly  and  absolutely  upon 
the  strengUi  of  their  good  faith  in  the  integrity  of 
such  people,  and  not  under  a  notice  that  they  can 
arrest  and  imprison  by  forms  of  law ;  and  it  is  from 
henceforth  to  be  generally  understood  that  Ooveru- 
ment  will  by  no  means  dispense  with  the  labour  of  its 
aervants  for  the  psjtial  accommodation  of  any  private 
deaUnss  whatever.— October  4, 1798." 

Spirit  Smugolina.—**  All  spirituous  liquors  and  other 
strontg  drinks  that  are  attempted  to  be  smuggled  from 
any  ship  arriving  here  wiU  on  condemnation  be  the 
exclusive  property  of  the  person  or  persons  making 
the  seizure.— Nov.  28, 1800.  ** 

Mepriew  in  eontequence  qf  Rain,  and  Caution  to  SvH' 
doers. — "  The  regiment  to  be  under  arms  on  Monday 
next,  19th  instant,  at  half  past  nine  in  the  momins'.  to 
attend  the  execution  of  John  Boatswain,  private  solaier 
in  tiie  New  Soutii  Wales  Corps,  sentenced  to  die  by  a 
general  court  martial,  for  desertion. — April  14, 180L" 
•  ••«««• 

"  Rahiing  in  torrents.    The  execution  of  the  prisoner  as 
.directed  by  the  orders  of  the  14th  instant,  on  account 
of  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  is  d^erred  until 
further  ozders." 

"  BtiU  raining  in  torrents.    Execution  further  deferred. 
AprU  20, 1801." 

"Favourable  circumstances  having  been  reported,  the 
Oovemor  of  the  settiement  is  pleased  to  extend  a  re- 
prieve, and  grant  a  free  pardon  to  the  prisoner  Jolm 
Boatswain,  sentenced  to  death  for  the  unsoldieriike 
crime  of  desertion  ;  but  the  Qovemor  trusts  that  the 
examine  of  the  awful  position  in  which  the  wretched 
man  was  placed  will  deter  others  from  following  his 
example.— April  25, 1801." 

"jRum"  RetDordfoT  Avprehension  qf  Absconding  Priso- 
ners. -"Whereas  WDuam  Knight  and  James  Warwick 
have  by  regular  form  been  outlawed,  and  are  supposed 
to  associate  and  commit  violent  acts  of  depredations  in 
conjunction  with  the  natives,  on  the  public,  the  Gov- 
ernor is  pleased  to  offer  a  reward  of  thirty  gallons  of 
spirits  to  any  person  who  shall  lodge  the  bodies  of  the 
said  William  Knight  and  James  Warwick  in  jail,  or  de- 
liver them  to  the  nearest  magistrate  in  command. — 
May  11, 1801." 

Jfomendattire. — "His  Excellencyfhe  Govemor  is  pleased 
to  direct  that  in  all  spiritual.  Judicial,  and  putxshial 
proceedinsB,  deeds,  instruments,  and  rasters,  the 
districts  of  Sydney,  Petersluun,  Bullanaming,  Concord, 
and  Liberty  Plains  be  comprised  within  a  parish  to  be 
henceforth  named  St  Phulip,  in  honour  of  the  first 
Oovemor  of  this  territory.  And  the  districts  of  Pura- 
matta,  Bankstown,  Pro^)ect  Hill,  Toongabbie,  Seven 
Hills,  Castle  Hill,  Eastern  Farms,  Field  of  Mars,  Nor- 
thern Boundary  Ponds,  and  Kissing  Point  be  com- 
prised within  a  parish  to  be  henceforward  named  St 


John,  in  honour  of  the  late  Governor  GE4>tain  Jdlin 
Hunter.  And  that  the  churches  now  building  at  Sydo^ 
and  Parramatta  be  respectively  named  Siunt  FhiDip 
and  St.  John.— July  28, 1802." 

Caution  against  iiunoways.— Government  issued  notice, 
pointing  out  the  falsity  and  widtedncas  of  the  rqwrt 
generally  believed  in  bv  the  convicts,  that  a  settlement 
of  white  people  existed  on  the  other  ride  of  the  monn- 
tains,  and  cautioning  them,  by  the  dreadful  fate  of  the 
runaways,  sgainst  following  their  example,  Oct  20, 
1802. 

Strayed  Caf^fe.— Proclamation  issued  against  penons 
crossing  the  Nepean  to  the  Oowpastures  (whiUter  the 
strayedcattie  had  resorted),  without  a  permit  signed  br 
the  Govemor.  "If  any  persons  not  authorised  ihaQ 
presume  to  kill  any  of  the  said  Made  cattie,  male  or 
female,  they  will  be  punished  to  the  utmost  extent  of 
the  kiw.— July  0, 1803." 

Boatmen^s  Fares. — Government  order  issued  fixing  the 
fare  to  be  charged  by  boatmen  for  a  passenger  tram 
Sydney  to  Parrunattii,  or  vice  versd,  at  one  ahiUing, 
and  stringent  r^rulations  issued  for  the  better  oooduct 
of  the  boatmen  towards  passengers.  July  6, 180S. 

Caution  against  Cutting  Timber.— In  oooseqnenoe  of 
heavy  floods  on  tiie  Hawkesburv,  the  Gor&nar  iHoed 
ui  order  cautioning  settlers  against  cutting  down  trees 
or  cultivating  the  banks  of  the  river,  wliereby  msn^ 
acres  of  ground  had  been  removed,  houses,  8tod(,&c, 
washed  away,  and  river  blocked  with  trees ;  a  penaltj- 
of  £50  imposed  for  each  tree  cut  down  after  this  notice, 
Oct  4, 1803. 

Importation  of  New  Zealand  SkuUs.—hi  conseqncoce 
of  the  traflk  in  human  skulls  with  the  New  Zeshsd 
natives,  a  Government  order  was  issued  prohibitin(f 
the  hnportation,  April  19,  183L  [See  TRAmc  ts 
HuxAN  Skulls.] 

Cutting  Timber,  die.,  on  Garden  Island.— "It  bein^ 
deemed  expedient  tiiat  the  ishmd  situated  fai  the  har- 
bour of  Port  Jackson,  and  near  to  Fkrm  Cove,  called 
Garden  Island,  should  be  comprised  in  and  oonsidend 
in  future  as  furminff  apart  of  the  Government  Donsuo : 
Notice  is  hereby  given  that  aU  the  growth  and  pro- 
duce of  said  island,  whether  timber  or  grass,  is  to  be 
appropriated  in  future  to  the  exclusive  use  cf  bit  Ex- 
cellency's establishmentL  and  aU  penM»s  are  oautioQed 
not  to  cut  grass  or  tunber  there,  as  any  person 
detected  so  in  doing  after  this  public  notice  vill 
be  prosecuted  and  severely  punished.  PereoDS  de- 
tected or  convicted  of  having  set  flre  to  any  wood  or 
grass  in  Garden  Island  wiU  be  most  severely  pos- 
Ished  for  such  wanton  mischief.  (Signed)  Lachux 
Maoquahib.    September  7, 181L" 

GOVETT'S  LEAP.  W.  R.  Govett,  Surveyor, 
N.S.W.,  diacovered  the  remarkable  falls  which 
now  bear  hia  name,  1832. 

GRANT,  Captain.  Left  England  in  the 
"Lady  Nelson,"  March  18,  1800;  arrived  in 
Sydney,  December  16, 1800.    [5ice  PoktPhilijp.] 

GRAPE-VINES.  The  first  grane  vine  was 
planted  on  land  in  Parramatta,  November  15, 
1791.    [^eeViNis.] 

GRASSHOPPERS,  devastated  lara  arew 
of  country  in  South  Australia,  and  in  Kiyerijia, 
New  South  Wales,  November  27,  1872. 

GREEN,  Charles,  Astronomer  to  Captain  CJook's 
South  Sea  expedition,  1768-71. 

GRIMES,  Chaklks.  [^wSurvkyor-Genkbals.] 

GROSE,  Major,  Lieut. -Govemor,  with  ha 
family,  left  in  the  "Daedalus,"  for  EngUod, 
December  13,  1794. 

GRYLLS,  Rev.  James  Cond,  Bishop  Snrro^ 
sent  from  Sydney  to  Melbourne,  October,  1838. 


GUARDIAN— HAYES. 


117 


6UAKDIAN.     ISee  Riou,  Captain.] 

GUN-BOATS.     [See  Shiffino.] 

GUNDAGAI,  Great  Flood  at.    XSee  Floods 
AKD  Droughts.] 

GUNPOWDER,     first   manufactured  by   Mr. 
Kobert  Cooper,  of  Sydney,  October  6,  1829. 

GYMPIE,  Rush  to.    {See  Gold.] 


HAILSTORMS.    [See  Mstkoroloot.] 

HAMILTON,  Edward  William  Terrick, 
it  one  time  Member  for  Salisbury  in  the  British 
Hoase  of  Commons,  is  a  younger  son  of  the 
bte  Venerable  Anthony  flamilton,  Archdeacon 
of  Taunton  and  Rector  of  Loushton,  Essex, 
Endand.  His  mother  was  the  third  daughter 
of  bir  Walter  Farquhar,  first  baronet  of  that 
Dime.  Edward  Hamilton  was  bom  in  London, 
1S09 ;  educated  at  Eton  and  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  where  he  graduated,  B.A.,  1832, 
U.A,  1835,  being  fifth  Wrangler  and  Fellow  of 
hia  College ;  rei^  for  the  Bar,  but  was  not 
called.  He  resided  in  New  South  Wales  from 
1839  tiU  1855.  In  1844  he  married  the  second 
daughter  of  John  Thacker,  Esq.,  a  merchant  of 
Sydney,  of  the  firm  of  Thacker,  Daniel,  k  Co. 
Mr.  Hamilton  was  appointed  Parliamenta^  Agent 
for  the  Colony  of  IV  ew  South  Wales,  «fanuary 
20, 1863,  Mr.  Charles  Cowper  being  at  the  time 
Colonial  Secretary.  He  was  first  elected  mem> 
ber  for  Salisbury,  July,  1865,  and  retired  from 
Parliament,  1869. 

HAMILTON,  George,  arrived  in  Melbourne 
overland  from  Sydney  with  a  party  consisting 
of  8e?en  prisoners  of  the  Crown,  May,  1837.     . 

H.\NDBALL  MATCHES.  Series  of  Inter- 
«>loiual  handball  matches  between  Victoria  and 
New  South  Wales  resulted  in  a  victory  for  the 
fonner,  March  24,  1877. 

HARBOUR  TRUST  COMMISSION,  Victoria. 
Sir  John  Coode  accepted  the  offer  of  the  Har- 
bour Trust  Commission  to  Teport  on  direct 
communication  between  Melbourne  and  Hob- 
»n'i  Bay,  Victoria,  December  8,  1877.  Sir 
John  Co(>de  forwarded  report  to  Victoria  Govern- 
ment in  which  he  recommended  improving  the 
Ytfra  Yarra  River  instead  of  constructm^  a 
canal  from  Sandridge  to  Melbourne,  March,  1879. 

HARGRAVES,  Edward  Hammond,  found  gold 
at  Lewis  Ponds  Creek,  near  Bathurst,  February 
12,  1851 ;  awarded  arrant  of  £15,000 by  Sydney 
aad  Melbourne  Legislatures  in  1855.  [See 
"Men  of  the  Time"  (Margraves,  Edward 
Hammond  J.)] 


HARRIS,  Dr.,  surseon  of  the  New  South  Wales 
Corps,  accompanied  Oxley*s  second  expedition 
as  surgeon,  1818. 

HASTINGS,  RtVER,  surveyed  by  Oxley,  1818. 

HAWKESBURY,  River  {native  name  Venrub- 
bim),  discovered  by  Governor  Phillip  and  named 
bv  him  in  honour  of  the  head  of  tiie  Council  of 
Tnde  and  Phmtations,  June  6,  1789. 

HAWKESBURY,  Settlement  of  the.  The 
first  settlers  on  the  Hawkesbury  established 
themselves  on  that  river,  in  January,  1794.  [The 
blacks  at  first  refrained  from  troubling  their 
outpost,  but  it  was  only  for  a  short  time,  for, 
the  next  year,  the  Government  schooner  waa 
sent  to  the  Hawkesbury  with  a  military  guard, 
to  prevent  acts  of  violence  which  frequently 
occurred  between  the  Europeans  and  the 
blacks.] 

Visit  of  the  Governor  to.  Governor 
Hunter  visited  the  Hawkesbury,  and  having 
seen  the  settlers  at  the  chief  settlement  there 
(now  Windsor)  and  settled  disputes  between 
them,  he  proceeded  to  Richmond,  where  bear- 
ings were  taken  to  cut  a  road  to  Parramatta, 
1796. 

HAYES,  Sir  Henry  Browne,  who  had  served 
the  office  of  Sheriff  of  the  Ci^  of  Cork,  was 
tried  in  1801  for  the  abduction  of  a  wealthy 
Quaker  lady,  and  was  sentenced  to  suffer 
death  ;  this  sentence  was,  however,  commuted 
to  imprisonment  for  life.  His  case  at  the 
time  excited  much  attention,  in  consequence 
of  the  position  in  life  of  the  parties  imphcated. 
Some  time  elapsed  after  the  commission  of  the 
offence  before  Sir  Henry  was  captured  and 
brought  to  justice.  A  large  reward  having  at 
length  been  offered  for  £s  apprehension,  he 
walked  into  the  shop  of  a  hairoresser  at  Cork, 
named  Coghlan,  and  after  some  conversation  said 
that  as  it  was  his  intention  to  surrender  himself 
Coghlan  mi^ht  as  well  reap  the  benefit  of  the 
reward  by  giving  him  up.  Whilst  in  tiie  colony 
he  resided  at  Vaucluse,  a  beautiful  spot  near  the 
entrance  to  Sydney  harbour,  for  many  yean 
afterwards  the  residence  of  Mr.  W.  C.  Went- 
worth.  He  received  a  pardon  and  left  the 
colony  for  Ireland  in  1812.  There  is  a  sinsular 
story  current  respecting  him,  which  is  imphcitly 
believed  by  the  more  lenorant  part  of  we  old 
colonists,  to  the  effect  that,  finding  his  place  at 
Vaucluse  much  infested  with  snakes,  and  firmly 
believinff  that  these  reptiles  could  not  exist  on 
Irish  tun,  he  sent  home  for  several  casks  of  that 
article,  which  he  scattered  over  the  place.  His 
faith  in  his  native  land  and  its  patron  saint  was 
amply  rewarded,  for,  from  that  time  to  this, 
says  the  story,  a  snake  has  never  been  seen  at 
Vaucluse.    [See  Freemasonry.] 

HAYES,   Captain,  the   notorious  pirato  and 
kidnapper,  captured  in  the  South  Seas,  July  13 
1872. 


K18 


HUAiLEY— HBAfT. 


MEALBY,  SLkv.  Wiiuam. 

SnigMnt  a^mofehy  Folej  aad  IMMntod  Con- 
stable Wm.  Townsend,  of  the  N.  S.  W.  p^ice, 
shot  Rev.  Wm.  Healey,  a  Roman  Catholic  priest, 
ur  mistake  fdr  a  bariuanger,  at  Deepwater,  on 
the  Mamimbidgee  River,  Ausust  6,  1876. 
.  EoIeyaadTownseiidtriedatxaBBuidacqiiitted 
of  th»  maasiang^itw  of  Father  Hoaiey?  April  4^. 
1877. 

HEAT. 

<fcwit  Iwat  to  Sydn^  (tiwiHieMeter  WST  In  th*  afaiidi^ 
DMtniber  27, 179Qi 

Ctont  heat  experienced,  aettlement  vMted  by  myriadi 
ci  flying  foxes,  lyirds  dropped  dead  from  the  trees, 
Jiaivary,  1791. 

Ctreat-heat  In  the  settlenaBL  "Die  oountfT  aromid  Boee 
HID  and  Faiminatta  <ni  fire  for  many  milee,  February 
12, 1701. 

lllBtheniiometer  sicxid  at  W  in  tb»  aiiade  aad  14C  la 
tile  son  at  FairamaUa,  Deoember  18, 1818. 

^lientenant  Lowe,  at  the  floods  on  the  Namoi,  was 
perched  on  the  trunk  of  an  uprooted  tree ;  the  rains 
had  ceased,  the  thermometer  was  at  100*,  a  elarinff 
sun  and  a  coppery  sky  were  above  liim  ;  he  looked  in 
main  for  help ;  but  no  prospect  d  esome  animated 
Idm,  and  the  hot  sun  begsn  its  dreadful  work.  His 
■sUnB  blistered,  dried,  became  parched  and  hard  like 
the  bark  of  a  troe  and  life  began  to  ebb.  M  len^ 
«Brislanee  airived ;  it  came  too  late^  bs  was  indeed 
.^ist  allTe,  but  died  almost  immediately.  He  was 
literally  soorched  to  death."  Hia  remains  were  buried 
on  Tlbbereena  Station,  belonging  to  the  late  W.  O. 
Wentworth,  January,  1840. 

In  New  South  WaUi. 
(1)    1701  January  10,  to  Sydney 
(0    1701       „       11 

1798  Deoember,  on  the  Hawkflsbuiy 

1820  November  29,  In  Sydney 

1832  Mandi  18  „ 

18S3  February,  to  Bathurst 

1188 

1883 


immwiew   nomberaof 


thslM 

into  toS 


tt 


II 


tt 


»t 


m 
(«) 

(») 
m 

<n   l^S5  Jantiary  31,  in  Sydney 
1887  February  23       „ 
1839  January  29,  in  Tass 
18«S  January  21,  Central  Australia 

1846  November  11  „ 

1847  „         1,  OB  the  PatsBBon 

1848  January  1 
1648  „  1 
1848        „         3  „ 

Atl0-8aixm.it 
^)    1868  January  5,  in  Sydney 
Qiy    1866        „        8,  inLoobtovar 
At  0*30  p.m.  it  was 

1807  Januaty  2,  to  Lochtovar 

1867  November  16 

1867  Deoember  26 
412)    1870  January  8,  at  Sydney 
(IS)    1871  December  22 
(12)    1878  November  21 
(12)    1878       ..  21 


<8) 

(») 
(10) 

HI) 


tt 


11 


w 

01) 
(Xi) 


i( 


If 


f> 


•» 


ft 


i» 


105  in  the  shads 

105 

11 

107 

It 

104 

?» 

180  in  the  sun 

lOS 

11 

lOT 

II 

1071 

u 

109  in  the  shade 

132  to  the  BUD 

120 

11 

131  totbeshads 

i«r 

II 

127  to  the  son 

128 

If 

108  Intheshads 

10» 

If 

92 

If 

106*9 

If 

108 

ff 

96 

107 

If 

IM 

fl 

106 

If 

106  "2 

If 

IOS'8 

fl 

102-5 

II 

*181  to  the  son 

*6Um  barft,  aad 
thu. 


th«  tMBficritttiv  ninat  h^n  b«ra  over  111  to  do 


AnvBOKiTim.— 1  and  2,  Colonel  Cnllinji ;  3, 4,  5, 6, 7,  and  8,  .SydaeT 
OmuUt;  9,  Srdnrr  MamUor;  lU.  Start'*  Central  Amtralla;  11,  R^. 
A.  Glannte  a  loomal  i  li,  U.  C.  Koaaall,  Got cnunaat  AatroBomar. 


The  foUowtog  extracts  will  convey  some  idea  of  tiie 
awful  eilecta  of  the  heat  on  some  of  the  hot  days  :— 

On.  February  10  and  11,  1701,  on  whiidi  days  the  trai- 
nerature  at  Sydney  stood  in  the  shade  at  105%  the 
neat  was  so  excessive  at  Parramatta,  made  worse  by 


the  bush  ftres,  that 

fox-bats  twere  seen  to  diop  tttm  the 

water,    and   many    dropped  dead  on  the  wing.    At 

Sydney  about  the  harMur  to  masiy  plaees  the  groaul 

was  found  covered  with  small  birds,  some  dead,  othen 

gasping  for  water.    At  Pamunatta,  an  officer  o(  the 

rettef  gund  left  the  beait  to  find  a  drink  of  ^Mtar,  sai 

had  to  walk  several  miles  in  a  drv  walsumirss  beion 

he  found  it,  manv  birds  dropping  dead  at  his  feet   Ibe 

wtod   was    north-west,    and    mimed   op  everythiDg 

befon  it.    Fenons  whose  boriness  cMigBd  tfasn  ts 

Sout  deoiacsd  Htmt  it  -^s  hfirmiMr trtsrr  ^«— 
'  five  minutes  to  the  wtod. 

The  Sydney  OoMtiU  of  Febniai9r6»188S,ssys:— ThB 
other  day  a  professional  gentleman  was  indueed  to  % 
for  some  moist  soil  to  preserve  a  few  choice  planti^ 
and  ho  found  the  ground  at  20  feet  down  as  mudi 
heated  as  it  was  withto  a  few  indues  of  the  suzteos. 

From  the  same  paper,  November  29, 1826 :— The  heat 
and  hot  wind  of  Saturday  last  excelled  aU  that  «a 
ever  experienced  in  the  colony.  On  board  the 
"Volage/'  man-of-war,  in  the  shade,  the  thennometer 
was  106*,  and  on  tb»shore  it  was,  in  some  paoefei  of  ttaa 
town,  100*,  and  in  othen  104*.  To  travene  the  itreets 
was  truly  dreadful,  the  dust  rose  to  thiek  oolumna, 
and  the  N.W.  wind,  from  which  quarter  our  hut  wiails 
invariably  praosed,  wns  aaMwi  in  its  hsal  bv  ths 
surrounding  ooontrv  betog  all  on  llro,  ss  that  tteis 
who  were  compeDed  to  travel  felt  tiiCmselveB  enoirded 
with  lambent  flames.  Sydney  was  more  like  the 
mmtth  of  Vesnvios  than  anytillng  elas.  Sunday,  boi^ 
c««r,  brought  a  ohangv  of  wtod,  atnee  tftoea  the 
weather  has  been  somssrhat  more  endumfalew 

Agato.  to  Maxch,  1820 :— We  an  all  bunt  up ;  it  is 
fr%htfti1  to  go  into  the  garden.  Not  a  drop  of  tntar 
but  what  we  send  for  from  Botany  Swanpsi  VbiB« 
pence  per  gallon  waspnidforwntsrto  QjpdiHy  dnring 
1828^ 

Sydnoy  OtuetU,  Tuesday,  Feb.  21, 1832,  savsi-Sator- 
day  was  one  of  the  hottest  days  ever  remembered,  tte 
rsssnt  ntos  having  satarated  the  earth,  the  atoM» 
pharo  was  impfaanated  by  an  aqueous  vapsar  not 
unlike  steam  issuing  from  a  boiler,  while  the  am 
poured  down  all  the  f  uiy  of  his  heat.  It  was  drcMl- 
ful.  Man  and  beast  groaned  beneath  the  opprentat, 
and  nmnhers  of  working- oxsn'  dropped  down  dead  oa 
the  public  roads.  In  the  evening  we  were»  "a^usoal,* 
relieved  by  a  stiff  southerly  gale,  wafting  hialtii  aad 
vigour  on  its  blessed  wings.  On  Sunday  night  we 
wen  vMtsd  by  a  tremendous  storm  <rf  thunder, 
Ughtntog,  rato  and  haU.  Tha  lifhtaii^  ww  xaaigaA' 
cent  beyond  description,  spreading  over  the  uriKde 
canopy  of  heaven,  and  assuming  a  thousand  ruiota 
forms.  The  storm  broke  heaviest  over  Panamatta* 
when  the  artillery  of  thaskias  roared  and  cnokad 
to  deafentog  peals,  making  the  very  houses  tottsr. 

Saturday,  Uarch  18, 1832,  waatosufferaUy  wsnn.  it 
1  p.m.,  the  thermometer  was  130*  to  the  sun.  Hie  cattle 
suffered  much.    Working  bullocks  dropped  dead. 

Oaptato  Stnrfs  account  of  a  hot  day  ojipeflenoed  is 
Oentrsl  Australia  oa  November  11.  1846,  is  « 
follows :— "Hie  wind  which  had  been  blowfaig  all  the 
morning  hot  from  the  N.E.  tocreaaed  to  ague,  and  I 
shall  never  forget  its  withering  effeeta.  I  vrn^ 
shelter  behind  a  large  gum  tree,  but  the  blasts  of 
heat  were  so  terriflo  that  I  wondered  tlia  veiy  gna 
did  not  take  Are ;  everything  both  animate  and  inaai' 
mate  gave  way  before  It ;  the  horses  stood  with  their 
backs  to  the  wtod  and  their  mises  to  the  groand,  the 
birds  ware  mute,  and  the  lenvea  of  the  trees  fUl  HIm  * 
shower  around  us.  At  noon  I  took  onaX  my  thermoB^^ 
ter  graduated  to  12r  and  put  it  in  the  fork  of  a  tie^ 
and  an  hour  afterwards  when  I  went  to  examine  it  the 
tabe  was  full  of  mereory,  and  the  bulb  burst;  aho^ 
sunset  the  wtod  shifted  to  W.,  and  a  tfanndentad 
passed- over  us,  but  only  a  few  dropa  of  nda  felL* 

On  the  Lower  Macquarie  River,  on  Januarj  11, 1S78,  ^ 
half-past  2  o'clock  p.m.,  the  thermometer  registered  ll|i 
to  the  shade.    On  the  same  date  at  half-past  9 put.  IKT 
to  the  shade.    On  January  18  the  glass  rass  to  lU^  » 
the  shade.    On  the  same  date  at  10  p.m.  it  was  fl8** 

In  Qu«siHihand.^Four  sndiiea  deatfar  cnassd  by  the 
great  heat  occurred,  at  Rockfaampton,  (^aeeaslaod,  m> 
ruaiy  21, 1878. 


HEBREWa—nSLET  DOLLAR 


ns 


t> 


5 


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Nov.  22 

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16  .. 

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»    u  .. 
IS  .. 


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mil 

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100-3 
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107-S 
1046 
103-0 
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101-8 
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lOB-S 
lOOO 
102-6 
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laOO-FaklO 

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16 

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Feb.  16 

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leo^ 

lOIS 
lOIX) 
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100-8 
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1041 
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ua-o 

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Thw- 


daj   mtx  expeiicneed  ia  Ifolboanie. 
110-4''intheBhad«.    Jau.20,lS76. 
Rved^i*  iaieiiM  beat  in  Ylcfiorls.  At  HeltamnM,  i»  the 
ikadB,  the  thnmwiiiuier  roee  to  UO  decreee;  ia  the 
«B  140ro-,  bali«  thegmteet  h«i  reeerdadia  Mel- 
boonieL    Jul  22, 1876.    [Sm  UnauobMir.] 


H8BBBWS. 

The  ajpaaoffoe  in  York-itreet^  Sydney,  tbe 
linfeedincefMQie  kind  ereeted  in  New  Soiith 
Walee^  ojgened  and  ooaseerated,  April  2,  1944. 
EElkaarcbitectaral  design  was  in  the  Bgrptian 
^k]    Bev.M.BmteIfint  rabbi 

GonaecFfttion  of  a  Jewish  Synagogne  in  Ade- 
Udi^  South  Australia,  Maroh,  1871. 

Foudattioii  st<me  <^  Jewish  Synacogne  laid  at 
ToowooniJba,  Qneenshmd,  August  31,  1870. 

fioL  Saul  Samuel  laid  the  f  onndatioB  stme 
ef  the  Jewish  Synagogue^  Elisabeth-street,  Syd- 
ney, January  26»  1875. 

Foundation  stone  of  new  Jewish  Synagogue, 
Melbourne,  laid  Maroh  20,  1877. 

SToagogue  in  Elisabetii-stveet,  Sydney,  opened 
with  great  ponap  and  solenmity,  oy  Rev.  A.  B. 
Davia.  1878. 

Foondation  stone  of  SyuMogne  at  West  Mait- 
laadlaid  by  L.  W.  Levy,  fia.,  oi  Sydney,  Feb. 

Mabsiaoss  amongst. 

The  first  Jewish  nuuriaaB  in  Sew  Sontfa 
^ales  was  that  of  Moaee  Joseph,  Esq.,  and 
HisB  Nathan,  1832. 

First  Jewish  marriage  in  Toewoomba,  Queens- 
land, March  19,  1873. 

HENDEBSQ^.    [&e  Ih]I20BATIDK.] 


HEROES. 

Prmniakioii  a*  Sydhey*  by  Sir  John  Youag^ 
of  the  ViotOEia  Qcon  to  Samuel  MkehM  o£  the 
Marines,  for  valour  in  the  New  Zealand  war, 
Senteraber  2i,  1864. 

Presentation  at  Sydney,  by  Earl  Belmonv  of 
the  Royal  Humsme  Society's  medal  to  Sanmd 
Bennett  Bailey,  for  courageous  conduct  on  the 
occasion  of  the  wreck  of  the  "  Walter  Hood," 
near  Ulladulla,  New  South  Wales.  iWimaim 
Harriaon,  of  the  Richmond  River,  had  a  similar 
medal  sent  to  him  for-  oonra^eous  conduct  in 
saving  life  on  the  same  Qfioaaion] :  Jaiuiaxy  26, 
1872. 

CecU  Herbert  M'Meikan^  aged  eleven  yean,  a 
native  of  Victoria,  presented  by  Governor  Bowen 
with  the  Royal  Humane  Society's  silver  medal, 
for  braver]^  in  reaeuing  two  boys  who  were 
drowning  m  the  Saltwater  River,  Victoria, 
Jaouaiy  U 1875. 

James  Henry  BrovmhUl,  nine  years  of  age, 
presented  b}r  Sir  Georce  F.  Bowen,  €k>vemor  of 
Victoria,  with  the  Royal  Humane  Society's 
silver  medal,  for  saving  the  lives  of  thne 
children  who  were  in  danger  of  drowning, 
whilst  bathing  in  the  Loddon  River,  Victoria, 
in  Januaiy,  1874,  January  1,  1875. 

John  McDonald,  Inspector  of  Queendand 
Police,  saved  the  lives  of  thirteen  persons 
vrrecked  in  the  **Qneenof  the  Colonies."  Queans- 
land  Government  awarded  him  £100  for  his 
bravery,  1860. 

John  P.  Sheehan,  saved  the  lives  of  thirty-three 

Persons  on  the  occasion  of  the  Gundagai  floods, 
une,  1852.  ^ew  South  Wales  Government 
presented  him  with  a  silver  jug  in  recognition 
of  his  humanity  and  bravery  on  the  occasion.] 
John  Bennett,  a  native  of  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  for 
saving  the  lives  of  seventeen  persons  on  various 
occasions,  presented  with  1,000  sovereigns  by 
Hon.  Lady  Robinson  (on  behalf  of  the  colonists), 
on  board  the  s.s.  "Whampoa,"  Sydney,  No- 
vember 9, 1876. 

[See  '*LocH  Abd,"  and  **Ums  of  ths  Tims." 
{HoU  Hugh),] 

HOBART  TOWN.    [&e  Tasmania.] 

HOBSON,  Captain,  first  Governor  of  Neir 
Zealand,  installed  F^xruaiy  4,  1840. 

Surveyed  Hobaon's  Bay  1836.  He  was  after- 
wards Governor  of  New  Zealand.  He  founded 
Auckland  (which  was  the  capital  of  that  ocjony 
until  186&).     1839. 

H0BSON*S  BAY,  Victoria.  Captain  Hobson 
anchored  in  Hobaon's  Bay,  Victoria,  S^iismber 
29,  I8ia 

Batman  snchored  in  Hobaon's  Bay  May29» 
1835. 

The  Bay  was  caUed  after  Captain  Hobson,  of 
H.M.S.  '*  Rattlesnake,"    1836. 

HODDLE,  RoBEXT,  surveyor,  laid  out  Mel- 
bonnie^  1837. 

HOLSY  DOLLARQ&<'DirMP."  [/SeeCviuamnr*] 


120 


HONOTJBa 


HONOUKS. 

List  of,  oonfbrbxd  on  I^bsons  vob  Serticbb 
in  and  for  the  australian  colonies. 

PRIYT  OOUKOLIiOBB. 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  Junes  Ferguason,  Bart,  K.aM.Q. 

1868. 
Die  Bight  Hon.  The  Earl  of  Bdmoie,  1887. 

Babonktb. 

Sir  Charles  Nicholson,  1859. 
Sir  Daniel  Cooper,  1868. 

KnaHTB. 

Sir  George  Stephen,  1888. 

Sir  Alfred  Stephen  (Lieutenant-Ctovemor,  New  Sooth 

Wales),  CB  ,  K.aM  O.,  1846. 
Sir  Richard  Graves  MacDonnell,  C.B.,  K.C.M.G.,  1866. 
Sir  William  Macarthur,  1866.  ^ 

Sir  Valentine  Fleming,  1856. 
Sir  WiUiam  Foster  StaweU,  1857. 
Sir  William  Moutssni  Mannhig,  LL.D.,  1868. 
Sir  Henry  Watson  Parker,  R.C.M.G.,  1868. 
Sir  Hercules  Geoige  Robert  Robinson,  O.CILG.,  18Ml 
Sir  Francis  Huiphy,  1860. 
Sir  Redmond  Barry,  I860. 
Sir  John  Nodes  Dickinson,  1860. 
Sir  Francis  Smith,  1862. 
Major-Oeneral  Sir  HanySt  George  Ord,  C.B.,  K.CJLO., 

1867. 
Sir  Arthur  Edward  Kennedy,  C.B.,  K.aiLG.,  1867. 
Sir  James  Martin,  1860. 
Sir  Robert  Officer,  1860. 
Sir  James  Cockle,  1860. 
Sir  John  Morphett,  1870. 
Sir  George  Strickland  Kingston,  1870l 
Sir  James  M'Culloch,  K.akG.,  1870. 
Sir  Maurice  Charles  O'Connell,  1871. 
Sir  Francis  Dillon  Bell,  1878. 
Sir  Charles  Gavan  Duily,  1878. 
Sir  James  Milne  Wilsoo,  187S. 
Star  Archibald  Oaull  Burt,  1878. 
Sir  Joseph  Geoxge  Long  Innes,  1876. 
Ueutenant-Colonel  Sir  John  Larkins  Cheese  Bichardson, 

1876. 
Sir  Henry  Fanoourt  Mitchell,  1876. 
Sir  Samuel  Wilson,  1876. 
Sir  Charles  M'Mahon,  1876. 
Sir  William  Milne,  1876. 
Sir  Luke  Samuel  Leake,  1876. 
Sir  George  Wigtvn  Allen,  1877. 
Sir  A.  Miohie,  May  24, 1878. 

Orobr  op  tub  Bats. 
fnighU  Commanden, 

Sir  Geoige  Gr^,  1848. 

Sir  Henry  Barkly,  O.C.M.G.,  1868. 

Companiont. 

Sir  Richard  Graves  MacDonnell,  K.C  M.G.,  1862. 

Sir  Edward  Deas-Thomson,  K.C.M.G.,  1866. 

Captain  Charles  Fituerald,  1867. 

Sir  Arthur  Edwaitl  Kennedy,  K.aM  G.,  1862. 

Sir  AUnd  Stephen,  K.C.M.O.,  Kt,  1862. 

Major-General  Sir  Harry  Saint  Geoige  Old,  K.CM.G., 

1866. 
Major  Sir  Geoige  Frederick  Veidon,  K.CM.Q.,  186& 

Orobr  op  St.  Micdabl  abd  St.  Obobob. 

[The  snb joined  is  a  copy  of  a  Supplement  to 
the  London  Gazette  of  May  29,  1877,  and  oon- 
tains  a  Summary  of  the  Sta^tica  of  the 
Order  of  Saint  Michael  and  St.  George.] 

Tlie  Queen  having  taken  into  Her  Royal  consideration 
the  Statutes  of  the  Most  Distinguished  Order  of  Saint 
Michael  and  St  George,  bearing  date  the  4th  day  of 
December,  1868,  and  the  8rd  day  of  April,  1860,  and,  in 
consequence  of  the  growth  and  advancement  of  Her 
Colonial  Empire,  being  desirous  of  making  such  altera- 
tions hi  the  said  Statutes  as  will  enable  Bar  Majesty  to 
ivdmit  oertatp  persons  as  Honorary  and  Extra  m  emben 


of  this  Most  Distinguished  Order,  and  also  to  iBcreue 
the  numbers  of  the  Memben  of  the  sevenJ  dtneB 
thereof,  and  to  provide  for  the  appolntnient  of  nidi 
OfBoers  of  the  said  Most  DisUnguished  Order  as  vera 
formerly  appointed  under  Statutes  no  longer  in  force, 
has  been  graciously  pleased,  in  pursuance  and  in  exerdse 
ci  the  power  vested  in  Her  as  Sovereign  and  Chid  o( 
the  said  Most  Distinguished  Order,  to  repeal  the  afore- 
said Statutes. 

And  Her  Majeeto-  has  been  gradously  pleased  by 
Statutes,  bearing  date  the  80th  day  of  May,  1877,  to 
ordain,  amongst  other  things,  therein  set  forth,  that  tho 
said  Order  shall  henceforth  as  heretofore  be  ^led  ud 
designated  In  all  acts,  prooeedfaigs,  and  pleadiiigB  as 
"  The  Most  Distinguished  Order  of  Safait  IGcbael  and 
Saint  George.**  And  that  it  shall  as  heretofore  consist  of 
the  Sovereign,  a  Grand  Master,  and  Three  sereral 
Classes  of  Members  namely '.—Knights  Gimnd  Cross, 
Knights  Commanders,  and  Companions. 

And  to  ordain  that  the  First  Class  or  Knlghti  Gruid 
Cross  shall  not  exceed  thir^-flve  in  number,  and  in 
addition  to  such  extra  and  Honorary  Memben  as  Her 
Majesty,  Her  Heirs,  and  Successors  shsll  fran  time  to 
time  appoint:  And  that  the  Second  Class  or  Knig^bta 
Commanders  shall  not  exceed  one  hundred  and  twen^ 
in  number :  And  that  the  Third  Class  or  Companioos 
shall  not  exceed  two  hundred  in  number :  It  befog  com- 
petent to  Her  Mi^esty,  Her  Heirs  and  Suooessora,  to 
I4>p9int  any  Princes  of  the  Blood  Royal,  being  descend- 
ants of  His  late  Majesty  King  George  the  Pint,  as  Extn 
Knights  Grand  Cross ;  and  such  Members  of  the  Bojil 
Family  as  have  already  been  appointed  Knights  Grand 
Cross  shall  be  considered,  and  are  declared,  to  be  exte 
KnightsGrandCrossofthesaid  Most  Distfaiguished  Order. 

And  to  ordaid  that  the  Honorary  Membera  of  the  said 
Most  Distinguished  Order  shall  consist  of  Foretcrn 
Princes  and  persons  upon  whom  Ho*  Majesty  has  con- 
ferred, or  Her  Majestv,  Ber  Heirs,  and  Sucoeoon,  may 
think  At  to  confer  tne  honour  of  being  admitted  into 
the  said  Most  Distinguished  Order;  end  every  tach 
Hon<nwy  Member  shaU  be  additional  and  not  indoded 
within  the  numbers  of  Ordlnazy  Members  prescribed  for 
the  several  Classes. 

And  to  ordain  that  the  persons  to  be  admitted  as 
Ordinary  Members  of  the  said  Most  Distingdshed  Order 
shall  be  such  subjects  of  Her  Mi^esty,  whether  natoral 
bom  or  naturalised  in  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  or  in  any  of  Her  M^esty's  Colonies 
or  Dependencies  as  may  have  held  or  shall  hereafter 
hold  high  and  oonfldential  offices,  or  may  have 
rendered  or  shall  hereafter  render  extraordinary  and 
important  services  ]to  Her  Majesty  as  Sovereisn  of  the 
United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  within 
or  in  relation  to  any  of  Her  Majesty's  Colonial  Posses- 
sions, or  who  may  become  eminently  distingoisbed 
therein  by  their  talents,  merits,  virtues,  l<^ty,  or 
services,  or  who  now  are  or  hereafter  may  be  ^ipointed 
Officers  of  the  said  Most  Distinguished  Oitler. 

Her  Majesty  has  also  been  pleased  to  ordain  that  the 
following  Officers  shall,  as  formerly,  be  appointed  to  tfae 
said  Most  Distinguished  Order,  namely :— a  Pretate,  a 
Chancellor,  a  Secretar\-,  a  King  of  Arms,  a  Registrar, 
and  Officers  of  Arms  Attendant  upon  the  Order. 

List  op  AvBTtLAUASUx  Cohpaxions. 

THB  SOVBBBiaB. 

Her  Most  Gradous  Ms^esty  the  Queen,  1867. 

Grand  Matter  and  F(r»t  and  Principal  Knif^  Ora^i 

Cross: 

Field-Marshall  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Cambridge,  K.G.. 
O.C.M.G.,  1845. 

Extra  Kmghte  Qrand  Croat. 

Field-MarshaU  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  K.a,  U77. 

H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  K.G.,  186a 

H  JLH.  the  Duke  of  Connaught,  K.G.,  1870. 

I 

KfUghta  Grand  Crtm, 

Sir  George  Ferguson  Bowen,  I860. 

Sir  Henry  Barldy,  K.C.R,  1874. 

Sir  Hercules  Geoige  Robert  Robinson,  187S. 

The  Most  Hon.  the  Marquis  of  Normanby,  107. 


HOPS— HOSPITALa 


121 


KfUgktB  Ccmmtuidsr, 

(Mooel  Sr  tboiDM  Gore  Browne,  G.B.,  ISOA. 

The  Hon.  ffir  Arthur  Hunilton  Gordon,  ISTL 

Sir  Richard  Graves  KacDonnell.  C.B.,  1871. 

Sir  Arthur  Edward  Kennedy,  C.R,  1871. 

V^  Sir  Geoigv  FVederick  Verdon,  C.B.,  1872L 

Ae  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Behnore,  1878. 

Sir  Robert  Richard  Torrens,  1872. 

Sir  Henry  Ayen,  1872. 

Goknel  Sir  Andraw  Ciarfce,  R.E.,  C.R,  1878L 

8b  Alfred  Stephen,  Kt.  ak,  1874. 

Sr  JaoMB  M <CaUodi,  Kt,  1874. 

Sir  John  Q'Shanaavy,  1874. 

The  Rifl^ht  Hon.  Sir  James  FemiMon,  Bart,  1874. 

Sr  Edward  Deae-Thomeon,  GE,  1874. 

Sir  Charka  Du  Cane,  1875. 

Sir  Qeorn  liadeay,  1876. 

Sr  Cbarlea  Sladen,  1876. 

Sir  JoIivVoffel,  1875. 

8b  Anthony  Hni«rnbTe,  1876. 

Sr  William  Wellington  Ckims,  1877. 

8ir  William  Fitcherbert.  1877. 

Major-General  Sir  Hany  St  Qeorve  Ord,  R.E.,  Kt, 

C.B.,1877. 
Sir  Redmond  Barry,  Kt,  18n. 
Sir  Henry  Watson  Barker,  Kt,  1877. 
Sir  John  fiayley  Danrall,  1877. 
Sir  Stephen  Walcott.  1877. 
Sir  William  caeaver  Ftwicii  RoUnaon,  1877. 
Hajor-Geneial  Sir  John  Henry  Lefroy,  &A.,  aB.,  1877. 
Sir  John  Robertson,  1877. 
Sir  Henry  Pulces,  1877. 
Sir  Arthur  Blyth,  1877. 
Sir  Charles  Gavan  Did^,  1877. 
Sir  John  Hay,  1877. 
Majbr-Gcneral  Sir  Williain  Francis  Dmmmond  Jervois, 

llE.,  CB.,  1878. 

Ccmpanwnt. 

Br.  Ferdinand  Mueller,  1880. 

Ookmel  Geoive  Stoddart  Whltmore,  1860. 

Chtflei  Todd,  Esq.,  1872. 

Rover  Tackileld  Ooldsworthy,  Esq.,  1874. 

Junes  Amdell  Youl,  Esq.,  1874. 

Sul  Samuel,  Esq.,  1874. 

Hajor-Qeneral  Edward  Wolstenholme  Ward,  RE.,  1874. 

Aosnstos  Charles  Gregoiy,  Esq.,  1875. 

Major  Peter  Egcrton  Warbiuton,  Esq.,  1876. 

Edgir  Leopold  Uyaitl  Esq.,  1875. 

fnOaitk  Aloysius  Weld,  Esq.,  1876. 

Junee Hector,  Esq.,  M.D.,  1876. 

Arthur  Maealister,  Esq  ,  1876. 

Charles  Button  Gregory,  Esq.,  CR,  187a 

Oeofge  William  Des  Voeux,  Esq.,  1877. 

Frarieic  Palgrave  Barlee,  Esq.,  1877. 

John  DoQgks,  E^.,  1877. 

Artfaor  Jcon  Lewis  Gordon,  Ek^,  1877. 

Donald  Cnrrie,  Esq .  1877. 

Heoiy  Halloran,  1877. 

John  Smith,  1^7. 

Edward  Oombes,  1878. 

George  Collins  Leyqr,  1878. 

Colonel  W.  A.  D.  Anderson,  ICi^'  24, 1878. 

OmcBBs  OP  mi  Ordkr. 

Prelate :  The  Right  Rev.  Charles  Perry,  DJ).,  1878. 
(^anetUor:  Charles  Cox,  Esq.,  1877. 

Seeniarif:  Bobert  Geoive  Wyndbam  Herbert,  Esq., 

1877. 
JTify  qf  Amu :  Sir  'Albert  William  Woods  (Garter  King 

atArmsXlSeOi 
iUgittnr :  The  Hon.  Robert  Henry  Meade,  1877. 
Ckaneery  of  the  Order :  Colonial  Offloe,  Downing-ttreet, 

London. 

New  Zealand  Ordkb  of  VALOtrs,  inBtituted 
bypennitnon  of  the  Queen,  to  decorate  those 
▼ho  performed  fldsnal  acta  of  Talonr  in  the  New 
Zealand  war,  October,  1872.  [See  Pratt,  Thomas 
Sqipsov.] 


HOPS.  The  first  plantation  of  hope  gathered 
at  Kiadng  Point,  on  the  Parramatta  River, 
Feb.,  18l£  [It  was  formed  a  few  yean  pre- 
▼ioasly  by  Mr.  Sqnire,  and  contained  five  acres, 
which  yielded  fifteen  hundredweight  of  hops  of 
good  quality.  This  gentleman  brewed  the  first 
ale  in  the  colony,  and  was  the  grandfather  of 
James  Squire  Famell,  late  Premier  of  New  SoutJi 
Wales.] 

HORSES. 

One  stallion,  three  mares,  and  three  colta 
arrived  in  Australia  with  the  first  fleet,  January, 
1788. 

The  number  of  Horses  in  the  colonies  on 

January  1,  1878,  was  as  follows  : — 

New  South  Wales 8S8,160 

NewZealand   99,850 

Qoeensland 140,174 

Soath  Australia 110,684 

Tumania 22,196 

Victoria    90S,15O 

Western  Australia   80,891 

Total   984,908 

First  export  of  horses  to  India,  1830. 
Three  vessels    laden  with  horses    left  Port 
Jackson  for  Calcutta,  April,  1844,     [From  this 
date  commenced  the  regular  export  to  India  of 
this  description  of  stock.] 

Endubanck  of.  a  gentleman  named  Moss- 
man,  of  Sydney,  undertook  for  a  wager  to  ride 
his  horse  from  Sydney  to  Maitland,  a  distance 
of  140  miles,  over  rou^h  country,  in  24  hours. 
The  journey  was  periormed  in  20  hours,  but 
the  horse  died  immediately  afterwards,  1853. 
[See  Racxs.] 

Loss  OF.  Nine  valuable  racehorses  worth 
£20,000  lost  from  "City  of  Melbourne"  in  a 
cnde  on  her  passage  from  Melbourne  to  Sydney. 
Sep.  11,  1876. 

RoBBSRT  OF.  Remains  of  Mr.  J.  T.  Tindale's 
valuable  imported  horse,  "  Duke  of  Athol  " 
(stolen  a  few  weeks  previously)  found  at  the 
foot  of  a  cliff  near  Merriwa,  July,  1875.  [Larse 
rewards  had  been  offered  for  recovery  of  the 
horse.] 

HORTON,  Rkv.  Thomas,  first  Wesleyan 
Minister  in  Hobart  Town,  Tasmania,  arrived, 
1821. 

HOSPITALS. 

When  the  portable  hospital,  brought  from 
London,  was  put  up  in  Sydney,  nearly  500 
patients  were  ^aced  under  medical  treatment^ 
of  whom  a  great  many  died,  1809. 

The  first  stone  of  the  General  Hospital  in 
Macquarie-street,  Sydney,  laid  by  Grovemor 
Maoquarie,  Oct.  23, 1811.  [This  bmlding,  after- 
wards known  as  the  Infirmary,  was  pulled  down 
in  1879,  and  the  matorials  ordered  to  be  des- 
troyed. The  parties  who  contracted  for  ita 
erection  had  a  monopoly  of  the  spirit  trade  of 
the  colony  whilst  the  work  was  in  progress. 
This  droumstance  led  to  the  building  being- 
known  to  the  early  colonists  as  the  **  Rum  "  Hos- 
pital.] 


U2 


HO^VDBKDKIi— nOSmBANT. 


HoBpiiallbimded  in  Mfllhgnrn^  1M6. 

Min  Osborne  witii  five  tiaintdiranM. 
in.  Sydney  from  KngUnd,  Merch,  1868. 

^nndation  atone  of  PmioeAlInd  HcMniUl 
laid.  hT  Sir  Henry  Ayres  at  Adalaido^  amlb 
Amtnuia^  June,  1^0. 

The  Alfred  Hospital,  MeDxMisB%  offond  hg 
tbe  Duke  of  EdinbazvlC  18701 

Foundation  stone  of  Prince  Alfred  MimMTiai 
Hospital,  Sydney,  laid  by  his  Excellency  Sir 
Hercules  Robinson,  April  24,  1876. 

HOTENDEN,  Majob  Fexdxbxck.  Mhjor 
Hovenden's  remains  were  found  in  Bonganbee 
Brudi.  The  words  **  Frederick  Hovenden,  died 
of  huncer,'*  cut  with  a  penknife  on  the  peak  ol 
a  traveUing  cap,  left  no  doubt  of  the  immediate 
cause  of  death,  1845. 

HOWE,  GsoBOE.    [See  Men  of  tkk  Tatm.] 

[Sowtf  Oeorge.) 
HOWE,  William.    [See  Ikmiobatidn J 

HXTME,  AiTDKEW,  brou^t  report  of  discovery 
of  Classen,  one  of  Leichhardt's  Expedition, 
February  27,  1874. 

HUME  (or*Oeo£WA),  Riveb,  diseovend  and 
named  by  Hamilton  Hume,  November  16,  1894. 
pChe  Hume,  fionnsriy  known  aaliie  Indi,  on  its 
ii|^r  portion  beyond  Wallerawang,  is  Urn 
bottndan^  between  New  Sonth  Wales  aad  Vic- 
toria. The  name  of  the  *'  Munmy,"  was  snbee- 
fluently  given  to  its  western  peitioii,  wksdi  was 
cusGovecM.  by  Stnrt.] 
[See  RiVEBS.] 

HUMPHREYS.    [See  MAoisrsAa-BB,  Poucb.] 

HUNTER,  JoHK.    [See  New  Softk  WalbsJ 

HUNTER  River,  named  after  Governor  Hmiter 
(native  name  Coquon),  diaeoveredl^Lienk  John 
Shortland,  September  19,  1797;  Gk>vem0r 
Boacke  visited  the  Hunter  River  district,  L833» 

HUNTING. 

The  first  (recorded)  hunt  with  the  hounds  in 
Anstoalia  took  place  October  8,  1812.  [A 
kangaroo  was  hunted  at  the  Nepean,  towards 
Cowpasture  Plains,  and  killed  after  an  exciting 
run  of  two  hours.]  A  hunt  after  a  deer  near 
Sydney,  the  hounds  threw  off  near  Ultimo 
House,  the  seat  of  Mr.  Hanis,  Jiine  27,  1820  ; 
Captain  Hunter's  pack  of  hounds  hunted  weekly 
in  the  vicinity  or  the  Dog  T^p  road,  Apnl 
1836. 

Hunt  Club  formed  at  Parramatta,  '*to  im- 
prove tile  breed  of  horses,  and  to  rid  the  country 
of  native  dogs  and  of  bushrangers,"  May  27, 

HURLING  MATCH,  proposed,  between  the 
mtivQa  of  four  counties  of  Ireland,  to  come  off 
on  Hyde  Park,  Sydney  ;  bat  it  being  rmBoared 
that  an  intention  to  break  tiie  public  peace 
existed,  the  VieBP>6eneEai,  Dr.  Gregory,  on  the 
assembling  of  the  parties  about  to  engage  in  the 


match,  prevailed  on  them 
considerabla  exsK^oii^  air  oi 
13,  1846. 

HURRICANE.    L^ 

HYDE  PARK.    [Oa 


hf  an  address  and 
lea  t<»  Bsy— !■»  Jdy 


1 


ILLAW^ARRA 

Discx>VKRr  OF,  by  Bass  and  PBudeiB,  who  Ut 
Sydney  in  the  **  Tom  Thumb,**  the  first  plseo 
noted  being  Hat  Hill,  Moimt  Kfiks,  MMch  2S, 
1796. 

Sktxlbhxiit  ov.  Captain  Bishqp  fiacmsd  a 
settlement  at  Illawarra,  N.S.W.,  1827. 

IMMIGRANT.  «*llie  first  free  immi^^wiC,  nd 
indeed  the  first  person  of  anv  daas  m  aooiety, 
who  obtained  a  grant  of  land  in  the  cobayof 
New  Sooth  Wales  was  a  Geraaa,  of  the  nsme 
of  PhilipSchaeffer.  He  had  been  sent  out  in  the 
**  First  Fleet*'  as  an  agricultmal  snperinteodflDt. 
chiefly  with  a  view  to  attenap^tlis  cnltivskiOB  of 
tobacco,  on  account  of  Grovemment;  as  the 
province  of  Virffinia,  from  which  that  article 
had  previously  oeen  obtained,  had  then  ceaaed 
to  be  a  British  colony,  and  as  the  soil  and  climate 
of  New  South  Wales  were  supposed  VkeHj  to 
prove  not  unfavourable  for  its  cnltivatiaD, 
Schoeffer*s  grant  was  the  lasgesfe  of  all  thoaa  I 
have  enumerated,  oompgising  an  eoctsBi  of  oae 
hundred  and  forty  acres.  Inifbrtunately,  how- 
ever, he  had  contracted  habits  of  intempenosa, 
and  accordingly  contrived  to  get  rid  of  it.  He 
afterwards  obtained  a  grant  of  fifty  aerea^  in 
what  now  constitutes  an  esoeedingly  valoaUe 
locality  in  the  town  of  Sydney,  bat  waaindnoed 
to  surrender  it  to  the  Cokmud  Gkuvenmieol  ftr 
public  purposes  about  the  year  1867;  leoeiTng 
as  a  compensation  twenty  aallona  of  run,  which 
was  then  worth  £3  a  £^<xa»  and  a  grant  of 
similar  extent  at  Pitt  Watw,  one  of  tike  infala 
of  Broken  Bay.  There  had  been  a  female  conriet 
in  the  ''First  Fleet'*— a  native  of  the  Isleof  Sl^e 
in  Scotland — of  the  name  of  Maigarat  M'KiBBOB, 
who  had  been  transported  for  the  crimeof  anon, 
havinff  set  fire  to  her  neighbour's  house  in  a  fit 
of  jeafousy.  Schoeffer  married  this  woman,  and 
settled  on  his  farm  at  Pitt  Water,  where  he 
lived  many  years;  but  okl  aee,  poverty,  and 
intemperance  induced  him  at  length  to  flsQ  it 
piecemeal,  and  he  died  at  last  in  the  BeneiofeDt 
Asylum,  or  Colonial  Poor  House.  I  have  in- 
troduced this  episode  chiefly  to  point  out  the 
sort  of  aocidents  on  which  the  acquisition  of 
wealth,  in  a  new  ooHatry  not  nolreqneath  da- 
pends ;  for  if  Schoeffer  had  only  retained  bis 
fifty-acre  farm  in  Sydney  for  about  thirty  yean 
longer,  he  could  have  sold  it  for  at  levt 
£109,000^  which,  at  the  usual  rate  of  intenatifl 
the  colony,  at  tiiat  period,  wmdd  have  yielded 
him  apemanent income  of  £16^000 ayMr.**' 
Dr.  Lano*8  History  of  New  South  Wai«^ 


QiUkfiaBANlB. 


121 


DOfiGRiirrs. 

The  "Bellona'*  »riv«d  ia  Sydney  witk 
immigrants.  These  immigrants  were  granted 
finns  of  from.  80  to  100  acras,  a  few  miles  from 
9j6aty,  and  firom  the  fact  that  the  naw  aattlan 
mn  origmally  free,  the  site  of  the  faram 
naxved  the  name  oi  *^Liberty  Plains,"  Jaauaiy 
11^1792. 

Hm  first  body  of  free  settlers  intvodmad  at 
the  pnblie  oraenae  on  the  ^^•'*?»''m'^ii**y4='^y"  of 
the  Colonial  doTemor,  1796. 

Arriyal  of  four  free  settlers  with  their  families, 
Mw,  17»a  ^  ^ 

Fust  €k>vei'iueiit  free  inm^iraiits  arrived  at 
BobsrtTown,  September  18,  1816. 

Miohari  Henderson  (of  the  Hunter)  long 
lAwards  a  resident  of  Roslyn  Castle,  Ray- 
mond Terraoe,  and  Wm.  Howe  (of  Gleidee),  the 
fint  settlers  who  paid  their  own  passages  to  New 
SMrth  Wake^  anxred,  1818. 

ftee  inriyation  to  New  South  Waler  con- 
menoed  durmg  Goyemor  Brisbane's  time,  18K2. 

To  enoourage  the  officers  in  the  nayy  to  emi- 
^(ite  to  the  oohmy,  mnts  of  land  were  propor- 
tmed  in  extent  to  tne  caintal  of  the  settler,  and 
tte  conditions  were  that  the  settler  or  his  family 
we  to  reside  in  the  colony  for  seyen  years ;  a 
procknation  to  this  efiect  issued,  July  3,  182iS. 

Pint  female  immigrant  ship  arriyed  ;  the  im- 
mierants  consisted  of  fifty  young  women  from  an 
«mn  school  in  the  City  of  Cork,  June,  1831. 

The  **Stirling  Castle,'^  with  fifty-nine  Scotch 
neehsniesand  other  artisans  in  the  buildingtrade 
vith  their  families,  exigsged  in  Oreat  Britain  by 
Br.  Lang,  arriyed,  October  15,  1831.  [The 
veanl  was  placed  in  quarantine  in  consequence 
<rf  typhoid  feyer  making  its  appearance  on 
board.] 

The  first  appropriation  for  immigration  pur* 
poeesmade  by  the  Legislatiye  Councu  placing  the 
mm  of  £10,000  on  the  Estimates,  the  Im- 
perial Goyemment  haying  expressed  their  inten- 
tion to  contribute  for  th6  samepurpose  double  the 
nin  voted  by  the  colony.  Tne  reduced  sum  of 
A^OOwas  eyentnaUy  yoted,  1832. 

rrhe  '^Immignmts'  Friends'  Society,"  was 
ftnned  for  the  regulation  of  immigrants  TandTUg 
m  the  colony ;  the  objects  being  for  the  benefiS 
of  the  immigrants,  to  assist  in  procuring  com- 
fortable settMments  on  their  acnyal,  and  to  aid 
nch  families  as  might  require  peonniazy  aasia- 
tuce,  1832]. 

2,685  free  persons  arriyed,  of  whom  1,432  came 
without  the  assistance  of  (jk>yemment,  the  rest 
being  assisted  immigrants,  1833. 

Somber  of  immigrants  who  airiyed  in  New 
SoBth  Walaafrom  1829-1836  :-> 

604  in  1819 

aOOialfiSO 

4S7  in  18S1 
C;OMln  18S2 
2,08619  1888 
1,6041111884 
1,428  in  188Si 

Fourteen  agricultural  ^unilies,  nnmberi: 

psnoos,  from  the  county  of  Dorset,  left  En 

m  "Hie  Brothers,"  Captain  Towns,  £ar  Sy 

Horember  20,  1836. 


H»nif«S» 


« 


imaunnts-  at 
i««     Decemlnri 


Baffido'*    httdsd 
tTo^i^gp^f^  y^|aaii^^  South 

1836. 

A  public  meeting  was  held  in  Sydney  to 
petition  the  Goyemor  on  the  subject  of  immi* 
gration  and  the  discontinuance  of  transportation. 
The  petitioners  prayed  '^Thatamors  effectiye 
course  might  oe  pursued  with  a  yiew  to  pnr» 
chasing  the  largest  possible  portion  of  Bntiah 
labour  with  the  produce  of  land  sales,'*  so  as  tt> 
ayoid  the  necessity  of  importing  Indian  labour^ 
Bliwr,  1888. 

The  bounty  system  of  immigration  was  fonnd 
to  work  badly,  1839.  [The  proyisions  were  so 
sparingly  suppUed  and  so  deficient  in  quafity  in 
the  smpB  onartered  under  jhat  i^stem,  that 
women  were  freqnently  led  to  barter  their 
yirtae  for  the  neceMariee  of  the  table.] 

Mr.  James  Macarthnr  returned  to  the  ooloo]!^ 
bringing  with  him  frnm.  Germany  six  yinft* 
dreseers  and  their  families,  to  be  employed  in 
the  yineyard  at  Camden,  1839. 

The  second  selection  of  immigrants  arriyed  at 
Port  Phillip  from  Sydney  in  the  **  John  Bany,** 
April  29,  im 

An  Immigration  Committee  appointed  by  the 
Council  of  New  South  Wales  for  the  purpose  of 
deyising  ^e  best  means  to  jnomote  immigration. 
After  due  deliberation,  they  reported  l£ereon; 
amongst  many  reconunendations  to  accumulate 
fundi  for  the  purpose  of  supportinff  immigration, 
it  was  proposed  that  a  loan  of  one  or  two 
millions  should  be  raised  in  England  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  on  immigration  on  a  laxge 
scale  ;  bnt  this  did  not  meet  witix  the  approba- 
tion of  the  public.  A  meeting  was  held  in 
Sydney  to  protest  against  it,  on  the  grounds 
that  if  the  scheme  were  carried  out  it  would 
amount  to  the  creation  of  a  national  debt.  A 
petition  to  the  Secretary  of  State  waa  adopted 
m  which  the  memorialists  stated  that  the  demand 
for  the  Crown  lands  was  the  true  standard  by 
which  the  supply  of  immigrants  should  ble 
re^mlated.     1841. 

The  Gk>yemor  of  New  South  Wales  reoeiyed 
a  despatch  from  the  Secretary  of  State  in 
respect  of  bounties  on  inunigration,  which  to 
some  extent  conyeyed  a  yote  of  censure  on  the 
Goyemor  for  haying  giyen  orders  for  bounty 
payable  in  two  years  for  a  sum  of  £979,562  and 
directed  that  for  the  future  bounty  orders  should 
net  be  issued  exceeding  the  net  amount  of  the 
land  reyemie  clearly  applicable  for  the  next 
soeceeding  year,  llie  nature  of  these  bounty 
orders  was  an  engagement  on  the  part  of  the  New 
South  Wales  Goyemment  to  jpay  out  of  the 
Colonial  Land  Fund,  on  the  amyal  in  Sydney  of 
approyed  immigrants,  certain  sums  of  money  ner 
hrad  to  those  through  whose  instrumentality 
they  had  been  brought  out.    1842. 

A  report  made  by  the  Immigration  Agent, 
Mr.  Merewether,  of  the  number  of  mrniigrants 
who  arriyed  in  1841.  [It  appeared  that  4,56S( 
English,  1,616  Scotch,  and  13,440  were  Irish. 
This  caused  much  discussion  on  the  preponder- 
ance of  Irish  immigration,  bnt  was  defended  by 
the  Goyemor  in  his  place  in  the  CounciLl 


INFIRMARY— JOHNSTON. 


SoDth  AuBtralU,  September  18,  1844. 

The  nmnber  of  immigrantB  urived  in  the 
colony  of  New  South  Walaa  du-ing  ten  yean 
eaSag  1S16  wM  65,063,  »t  a  coat  of  £992,729, 
bemg  £18  3i.  Id.  per  head. 

The  lint  immigrant  ■hips,  the  "  Philip  I^ng" 
and  the  "John  Wickliffe,"  for  Oti^,  New 
Zealand,  left  Greenock,  the  leader  of  the 
coloniata  being  Captain  William  Cargill,  of  the 
74th  Regiment,  November,  1847. 

The  "  Artcmeaia,"  fint  OoTemment  immi- 
gnuit  ship,  arrived  at  BriBbane,  Dec.  13,  1648. 

AboDt  a  thODiand  Qermatui  were  introduced 
into  Port  Phillip,  aad  soon  settled  down  to 
naeful  pnnsaita,  Febroary  11,  1S49. 

The  "CuUoden"  arrived  in  Melbourne  with 
a  large  number  of  diatreaaed  needlewomen,  July, 
1650. 

The  anm   of    £108,000  appropriated  by  the 
Parliament  of  New  Sonth  Wolea  for  the  p«r| 
of  immigration,  1853. 

Mr.  (dow  Sir)  Henry  Parkes  and  Mr.  W.  B. 
Dalley  aent  to  England  ••  N.S.  Walea  emigro- 
tioD  lecturers.  May,  1861. 


le  purpose 


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""- 

INFntHABY,  Stpkxt.    [See  HoariTALS.] 


The  Jndgea  decided  that  the  E 

LawB  were  not  applicable  in  the  C , 

SoQth  Walea.  November  26,  IS39  ;  four  (Mail 
Aadgneee  appointed  in  the  Insolvency  Court, 
New  South  Walea,  February  7,  1814.  [Thq 
were  appointed  to  aboliah  the  aystem  of  tnutee- 
■hip,  aa  many  of  theae  trnateee  had  eBcapnl  from 
the  colony,  or  made  away  with  the  iHaeta  ol 
eatatea  which  had  been  placed  under  their 
charge.] 

IPSWICH,  QiJUNSLiHS.  First  aale  of  Crown 
Lands  held,  October  II,  1S43  ;  the  first  steuuer 
between  Briabone  and  Ipawich  started,  Jiuk!9^ 
1846 ;  firat  Supreme  Court  Sittings  held  at  Ips- 
wich, February  6,  1860 ;  Ipswich  gaietted  * 
municipality.  March  3,  1860 ;  Ipswich  Gnunnur 
School  opened,  September  25,  1S63. 

moN. 

Iron  smelting  oommenced  in  New  South  WsIm, 
at  the  Fitiroy  mm  Works,  near  Berrimo,  in  184'> 

Derwent  Iron  Works,  Toamania,  first  smelted 
iron,  July  5,  1875. 

The  Lithgow  Valley  Iron  Works,  New  Sooth 
Wslee,  were  commenced  in  187G. 

[See  MiMEmi.  SrATmrcs.] 


JAMIE80N.  StB  JoHK,  awarded  the  gold  medsl 
of  the  London  Society  for  the  Encoungemeot  of 
Art  and  Manafactnre,  for  a  method  (d  extirpa- 
ting atumpa  of   treei,    1829.      [Set   Navou 

ISLAHD.] 

JOHNSTON,  Majok,  proceeded  to  Ea^mi 
with  Mr.  John  Macftrthnr,  to  attend  the  court- 
martial  regarding  the  conduct  of  the  former  re 
Bligh's  aiTest  and  deposition,  March,  1609. 
Comt-martiol,  consisting  of  fifteen  officers— u 
lieutenant-generals,  two  major-genonls,  fin 
colonels,  and  two  lieutenant-colonels— was  held 
over  Captain  Johnston  tor  the  arreat  of  Bli^ 
the  trial  commencing  May  7,  1811.  The  renlt 
of  this  trial  was  that  Li  eut«nant-Co!one]  John- 
ston {he  having  been  promoted  shortly  before 
the  trial  to  that  rank)  was  found  guilt;  of  in 
act  of  mntinv  in  the  arrest  of  BliSi,  and  wm 
sentenced  to  be  cashiered,  July  2, 18fl.  [Lient- 
Colonel  Johnston  shortly  afterwords  returned  to 
the  oolony,  which  be  had  served  long  and  faitli- 
fuUy,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  dsya 
He  died  May  B,  1826.] 


JOHNSTON— KING. 


125 


JOHNSTON,  Rev.  Bichard,  first  colonial 
chApUun,  arriTed  1788.  He  received  10  shil- 
iiDgB  per  day  as  chaplain.  He  first  planted  the 
orange  in  N.S.W.,  and  on  leaving  sold  his  farm 
of  60O  acres  and  150  sheep  to  Mr.  Cox.  He  re- 
turned to  Europe,  Jannary  17,  1802 ;  died  1814. 

JUBILEE.  A  grand  Jubilee  was  held  in  New 
SoDth  Wales  on  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the 
foundation  of  the  colony,  January  26,  1838. 

JURY.    [See  Couhts,  Suprxms.] 
Trial  bt.    [See  Courts,  Suprsmb.] 


KANGAROOS.  The  dimensions  of  one  caught 
Dear  Goulbnm  were — From  tip  to  tip,  9ft. ;  tail, 
4ft;  head,  11  Jin.;  tail  weighed  18ilD.  Another 
one  was  caught  which  measured  10ft.  6in.  from 
tip  to  tip.  In  June,  1875,  Mr.  Licensed-sur- 
Teyor  James  Evans  killed  a  very  large  kangaroo 
near  Cootamundra;  the  measurement  from  tip 
to  tip  being  lift.  7in.,  and  its  weight  2071b. — 
the  tail  alone  weighing  22}lb. 

8,000  kangaroos  killed  in  a  battue  at  Trunkey 
Station,  K.S.W.,  August  11,  1877. 

KENDALL,  Thomas,  the  first  missionary  in 
New  Zealand,  appointed  the  first  resident 
magistrate  in  that  colony  by  the  Governor  of 
New  South  Wales,  November  9, 1814. 

KENT,  Captain.    [-Sec  Sydney.] 

KIAMA  Opening  of  the  Robertson  Basin  at 
Kiama  (cost  £75,000),  September  20,  1876. 

KIDNAPPING.    [See  Crimibs.] 

KING,  Governor.  [See  "  Men  op  the  Time" 
(King,  PhUip  OidleyJ,] 

KING  GEORGE'S  SOUND.     [See  Western 

ArSTRAIlA.] 

KING'S  BIRTHDAY.  The  Royal  Standard 
hoisted  for  the  first  time  (at  Dawes  Battery)  in 
the  territory  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia, 
<m  the  anmversary  of  His  Majesty's  birthday  ; 
a  free  pardon  given,  in  consequence,  to  a  large 
number  of  persons,  June  4,  1803. 

KING'S  SCHOOL.  [See  Parramatta;  aho, 
Schools.] 

KING,  WiLUAM  Francis,  known  under  the 
tottbri^  of  " The  Flying  Pieman."  William 
Francis  King,  bom  in  London  in  March, 
1807,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Francis  King,  Esq., 
at  one  time  Paymaster  of  Accounts  in  the 
Treasury  at  Whitehall.  His  father  intended 
him  for  the  Church,  but  it  soon  appeared  that 
hia  innate  love  of  field  sports  and  boisterous 
recreations  was  not  befittmff  the  sacred  office, 
and  he  entered  into  partnersnip  with  Smith  and 
Simpson,  stock  and  sharebrokers  in  London. 
He  aid  not  remain  long  connected  with  this  firm  ; 
fancying  that  this  busineBS  was  getting  into 


difficulties,  he  sold  his  share,  and  obtained  a 
situation  as  clerk  in  the  Treasury  Office  in  the 
Tower  of  London.  But  his  restless  disposition 
soon  took  him  from  this  work  ;  and  he  left  Eng- 
hwd  for  New  South  Wales  in  183»,  with  the 
expectation,  from  the  high  recommendations  he 
brought  with  him,  of  obtaining  a  Government 
situation.  In  this  hooe  he  was,  however,  dis- 
appointed ;  and  he  took  the  situation  of  school- 
master  and  clerk  at  Sutton  Forest,  near  Bong 
Bong,  an  appointment  given  to  him  by  Arch- 
deacon Broughton,  afterwards  Bishop  of  the 
diocese.  From  this  he  went  as  tutor  to  the 
children  of  Mr.  William  Kern,  with  whom  he 
remained  for  several  years.  Here  again  his 
unsettled  temperament  prevailed  over  every 
feelinff  ;  and  he  left  Mr.  Kern  with  the  inten- 
tion of  returning  to  England.  Many  unforeseen 
difficulties,  however,  presented  themselves,  and 
he  was  induced  to  hire  as  a  barman  to  a  Mr. 
H.  Doran  who  then  kept  the  ''Hope  and 
Anchor,"  at  the  comer  of  King  and  Pitt  streets, 
afterwiurds  the  '*  Rainbow  Tavern."  This  kind 
of  life  did  not  suit  King,  and  he  commenced  a 
series  of  pedestrian  feats  in  which  he  took  great 
delight,  and  so  far  from  considering  on  such 
occasions  that  he  was  executing  a  task  he  always 
enjoyed  it  as  a  pastime.  Some  of  the  exploits  of 
this  extraordinary  individual  were  as  follows  : — 
A  pedestrian  feat  of  walking  1,634  miles  in  5 
weeks  and  4  days,  out  of  wmch  period  he  only 
had  nine  days  fair  weather;  out  it  did  not 
appear  that  the  poor  pieman  reaped  any  advan- 
tage beyond  his  setf-sratification  at  having 
acquitted  himself  so  well.  He  then  walked  to 
Mr.  Kern's  estate  near  CampbeUtown  and  back, 
a  distance  of  62  miles  in  12^  hours  ;  from  the 
obelisk  in  Macquarie  Place,  Sydney,  to  the 
16-inile  stone  at  Parramatta  and  back  again 
in  6  hours ;  beat  the  coach  from  Windsor  to 
Sydney,  arriving  7  minutes  before  it ;  walked 
m>m  Sydney  to  Parramatta  and  back  twice  a 
day  for  6  consecutive  days ;  on  one  occasion 
undertook  to  carry  a  dog,  weighing  upwards  of 
701b.,  from  CampbeUtown  to  Sycmey  between 
the  hours  of  half -past  12  at  night  and  20  minutes 
to  9  the  next  momine,  which  feat  he  accom- 
plished 20  minutes  wi&in  the  given  time  ;  was 
backed  to  carry  a  live  goat  weighing  921b., 
with  121b.  dead  weight  besides,  from  the  old 
"  Talbot  Inn "  on  Brickfield-HiU,  Sydney,  to 
Mr.  Nash's  at  Parramatta,  in  7  hours,  which 
task  he  performed  having  12  minutes  to  spare  ; 
walked  from  the  Parramatta  church  to  the 
church  at  Windsor,  a  distance  of  43^  miles,  for 
3  consecutive  days — the  first  day  he  occupied 
8  hours  in  ^ing  to  and  fro,  the  second  7i  hours, 
and  the  third  7  hours  25  minutes.  There  were 
numerous  other  feats  performed  hyr  this  remark- 
able man,  which,  with  his  occupation  earned  for 
him  his  cognomen  of  ' '  The  Flying  Pieman. "  No 
doubt  his  natund  bent  for  such  undertakings, 
and  his  readiness  on  all  occasions  to  be  backed 
for  them  made  him  the  dupe  of  many,  whilst  his 
peculiar  and  vivacious  manner  rendered  him  the 
butt  of  almost  all.  King  died  at  the  Liverpool 
Asylum,  N.S.W.,  August  12,  1874. 


125 


XASOnS^-tLAlCD. 


LABOUK>  SoABCiTir  of. 

A  great  scarcity  of  labour  existed  ior  gatiKring 
the  harvest,  which  was  one  of  the  mostabimdant 
that  had  ever  been,  the  want  of  sufficient  labovr 
being  severely  felt.  At  the  Hawkesbnry  alone 
&e  settlers  required  4W  labourers  to  reap  the 
harvest,  but  the  Government  could  only  supply 
112 ;  in  consequence,  several  immigration  scbraues 
were  suggested  and  proposed,  1830. 

A  flp*eat  scarci^  of  labour  prevailed  through- 
out iNew  South  Wales,  Jan.,  Feb.,  1847. 

LAGHLAN,  River,  disoovered  by  Evans,  18115; 

vinted  by  Governor  Bourke,  1832. 

"LADYSHOBE."    [i^ee  Oumcn,  Bacsane  of.] 

LAKES. 

The  lazgeet  lake  in  Viotaria  is  «allad 
Oocwusmite ;  its  area  is  about  48,640  a^-es. 
LakeHindmacsh,  area35,640aci«i ;  Lake  King, 
area  13,440  acres  ;  Lake Albaoatya,  13,000acz«8 ; 
Lake  Tyrrell,  45,440  acres;  Lake  Victoria, 
38,760  acres  ;  Lake  Wellington,  46^060  acres, 
and  Lake  Keeve,  9,600  acres  are  all  in  Vioteria. 

Lake  Greoiige,  New  Soutii  Wales,  diaoovwed, 
1617.     LItis25mileBinkDgihand8inbraadih.] 

Lokke  Bathunt,  Kew  South  Wales,  B  eqaare 
aniles  in  area,  diaooFvend  1817. 

Lake  Macqoarie,  New  South  Wales,  20  milas 
yms  by  3  miles  broad. 

The  largest  lakes  in  Tasmania  ase  the  Gnat 
Lake,  covering  an  area  of  26^000  acres ;  lAke 
Boxrell,  17,000  acres ;  Lake  St.  Ciair,  10^600 
acres ;  and  Arthur's  Lake  and  Lake  Echo,  occu- 
pying 8,000  to  12,000  acres.  These  lakes  fman 
the  head  waiters  of  the  principal  sttsuDS  flowing 
Boath,  west,  and  north. 

In  South  Australia,  Lake  Torrsns  is  a  vast 
inland  i^t  lake,  90  miles  north  of  Spencer  Gulf ; 
Lake  Eyre  is  also  salt,  and  lies  about  40  miles 
east  of  the  Denison  Buige ;  Lake  Gardiner  is  an 
immense  salt  lake  to  the  north  of  the  Gawler 
Banges,  at  an  elevation  of  866  feet  above  the 
oeean  level.  Lakes  Gregory,  Bhuuhe  and  JBlaneb* 
water  lie  to  the  north-east  of  Lake  'Eyre.  There 
axe  also  several  curious  volcanic  lakes,  notably 
the  Blue  Lake,  lying  in  the  extinct  crater  of 
Mount  Gambier,  in  uie  south-eastecn  district. 
Lakes  Alezaadrina  (60  miles  long  by  46  in 
breadth)  and  Albert,  into  and  through  which 
the  Murray  flows,  are  extensive  sheets  of  wsater, 
navigable  for  steamers  of  li^t  dranght.  The 
Ooorong  is  an  arm  of  the  eea,  and  at  parts  fnom 
half  a  mile  to  two  miles  in  width,  eeparated  from 
it  by  a  narrow  strip  of  sand-hills,  and  running 
parallel  with  the  ooiost  line  lor  about  a  hundred 
miles. 

The  largest  lake  in  New  Zealand  is  Lake 
Taupo,  situated  in  the  province  of  Auckland, 
which  has  a  diameter  of  20  miles,  and  an 
of  about  200  square  miles. 


LAKD. 

Theqnuitityof  land  in  New  South  Wjte 
wfaiehaad  beeQ.9Eanted  up  to  the  time  «{ ths 
danaxtnre  of  Gevemor  Himter  in  1800  wtM  as 
fbUowB  :-^7,678  acres,  viz.,  3*389  l^  Gevmar 
Phillip,  10,671  by  LieateDant-Govemor  Ghnoee, 
4,965  by  Lieutenant-Governor  Patterson,  and 
28,650  by  Governor  Himter. 

Land  Board,  to  which  a^iplieations  for  iaad 
were  to  be  made,  flrst  appomted  in  New  Sooftli 
Wales,  January  10,  1826.  [The  names  of  the 
Board  were : — Wm.  Stewart,  Lieutenant-Gorer' 
nor  ;  Wm.  Ltthgow,  Auditor  of  Accounts ;  Gap- 
tain  Wm.  Dumaresq,  Civil  Engineer.] 

Letters  patent  erecting  a  Corporation  for  the 
management  of  the  Church  ana  School  Lands 
in  the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  issued  March 
9,  1826. 

Grant  of  land,  two  square  miles,  to  each  Aas- 
tralian-bom  lady  -on  her  marria^  in  New  South 
Whales,  January,  1,  1829. 

Major  Mitchell  assumed  the  office^l^irvqrtf*  S 
Genecal,  New  Sooth  Wales,  May,  (^®  f^ 

S.  A.  Perry,  Deputy  Surveyor-GesSnl,  airived  i'^ 
Augusts,  1829.  f; 

Infinite  regulations  detecmined  upon  by  the  > ! 
Home  Government  with  regard  to  uie  difl^Kwal  "i^ 
of  Crown  lands  in  New  South  Wales.  Fiicfr  to 
this  date  Crown  lands  were  ffiven  away.  The 
system  of  grants  was  abolidiea  and  no  land  to 
he  aUenatwl  but  by  puUic  anction.  The  -whoie 
territory  was  divided  into  coimties,  hundrads, 
and  parishes,  each  parish  to  comprise  an  area  0f 
about  25  miles.  The  lowest  price  for  land  was 
fixed  at  5s.  per  acre.  These  and  other  regnla* 
tions  appertaining  to  Crown  lands  were  pro- 
claimed m  the  eolony,  Angnst,  1,  1831. 

The  adjustment  of  titles  to  land  in  Tasmania, 
granted  bv  the  various  Cbvemors,  was  a  vexed 
question  during  the  whole  of  Governor  Arthur's 
administration.  Many  of  the  limits  of  the 
grants  had  been  defined  by  a  curious  expedient 
said  to  have  been  pracosed  in  Irelaiid.  A 
slaing  was  tied  to  a  dog's  tail  and  when  the  dog 
stopped  running  that  was  taken  to  be  a  mile  I 
Thousands  of  acres  had  been  so  measured  off, 
and  endless  confusion  resnlted  from  the  dams 
made  in  1824,  which  the  Caveat  Board  rectified 
in.l831. 

The  New  South  Wales  Commissioners  for  the 
detormining  of  land  grants  held  their  fint 
meeting,  April  11,  1834. 

The  quantity  of  land  alienated  in  the  colony  of 
New  South  Wales  according  to  returnprepMed 
by  the  SurveyrnvGesBsnl  ^mas  3,S18»wO  acresi 
exclusive  of  town  sJlotmentB,  Jnne  30^  1834. 

Letters  patent  passed  the  Gceat'fiaal  eretsfeiug 
into  counties  eertain  portiaBS  of  land  in  the 
Colony  of  New  South  Walea,  and  fixing  boun- 
daries for  the  same.  Servaotoen  counties  w«e 
named — ^Camden,  St.  Vinoent,  NortfaambeihMd, 
Darhsm,  Huntor,  Cook,  Westmoreland,  A^gyi^ 
Murray,  King,  Geoxgiana,  Bathurst,  Boxbiu;^ 
Phillip,  Brisbane,  B&gfa,  and  Wellington-S^ 
vember26,  1835. 

First  ssle  of  Oown  Lmds  in  Addaide,  Sooth 
Anstralia,  Manih.27,  1837. 


MT 


tfe  Afongepi 
acre,  June  1,  1837. 
A  caw  of 


in  MaRKJome  jlook  place, 
£36  per  iot  of  kdf  an 


itBT  .ptewmting  Gnpwn 
of  at  A  ii^MT  mte 
than  the  upeet  price,  wm  tried  at  the  Snyitmmt 
OoBt,  fiy^egr,  wkeorJobn  T.  Hi^gliM,  G.  PMter, 
P.  M'Intyre,  and  J.  fiales,  were  convicted  aad 
Kotaned  to  pay  d&ia>6adi,  1837. 

The  amuasoBL  prioe  of  kod  in  tke  Coknyof 
Kew  South  Wales  was  increaaed  Iram  5m,  per 
ioe  to  12b,,  Jmrnaary  7,  1880. 

^natting  Act  of  New  Sootii  Waterpaawd, 
Hush  22.  1899. 

Gommiasionen  -weDeafrooiBted  toreviae  dainai 
pat  forward  by  some  individuals,  to  large  tracts 
of  land  purchased  in  New  Zealand.  A  Bill 
was  introduced  dnfingthe  Seaaion  of  1840  for  the 
poipoae,  when  Mr.  W.  C.  Wentwor^  and  Af  r. 
Basby,  who  had  been  acting  as  consul  at  New 
Zealand,  and  some  others  who  had  purchased  land 
from  several  New  Zealand  chie&,  resisted  the  in- 
qniiT.  These  persons  had  purchased  land  to  the 
nomber  of  ten  millions  of  acres  in  the  Middle 
Island,  and  two  fanadred  thousand  on  the  Nor- 
Uiem  Island,  for  which  they  paid  X200  each,  ^iod 
rtipalated  to  aUow  £100  per  annum  to  eaoh  of 
tile  chiefs  lor  thmr  lifetime,  w^ho  had  ceded  their 
teoitary.  The  claimants  were  ponntted  to  be 
kud  at  the  Bar  of  the  Legialative  Council 
f^aiast  the  bill,  both  personally  and  by  oovmsel 
in  defence  of  their  aUams  and  in  owaosition  to 
the  b31.  Messrs.  Wentworth  and  Busby  were 
beard  personally,  the  others  were  heard  tnrough 
their  eoniwel,  Mr.  W.  A'BedieAt  (afterwj^ 
Chief  Justice  of  Vietoiia)  and  Mr.  DarvaH  13ie 
principles  on  vhidi  the  bill  was  framed  and  ad- 
vocated were : — ^First,  that  the  savages  possessed 
no  other  right  in  the  oonntiy  th^  inhshitgd 
than  that  of  mere  occqpattan,  until  they  became 
dvilised  to  put  it  tosome  proper  use,  that  of  culti- 
vation, consequently  they  were  incapable  of 
giving  koal  title  of  land  to  any  other  penon ; 
ieeoad,  that  if  a  eonntry  inhamted  by  men  of 
tins  deacriptian  were  afterwards  taken  posses- 
Ben  of  by  any  civiliBed  eohmisiDg  power,  the 
right  of  pre-emption  existed  only  in  thai  power ; 
tmrd,  that  British  subjects,  eitlier  as  individuals 
or  as  bodies,  possessed  no  nght  to  fonn  colonies 
without  the  consent  of  the  Q*own ;  and  that  in 
the  event  of  their  doing  so,  they  became  liable 
to  be  ousted  by  the  Crown  from  their  poaaeaaioBS. 
The  Bill  was  passed  and  after  the  Act  beoaaae 
law,  a  nnmhcr  of  the  nlaimanta,  ooapnsijng 
■objects  of  Great  Britain,  Pkanoe,  mmL  the 
United  States,  ssaident  in  New  Zealand,  pro- 
tasted  sAaioBt  the  enforcement  of  ike  Act,  and 
mealed  to  their  re^Mctive  fik>"pniratntn  against 
the  rid^  of  the  Governor  and  Conncil  of  New 
South  Wales  to  enact  and  enforce  such  a  measure. 
The  Oonmisaion,  however,  wae  appointad  as- 
Burning  the  title  of  a  Court  of  ClauBa,  whidi 
lesnlted  in  deciding,  in  most  instances,  that  the 
land  to  which  the  claimants  were  entitled  was  a 
Boere  fraction  of  the  quantity  aaid  to  be  pnr- 
rh^spd,  and  aome  claiais  were  diaaUowad  alto- 
gether.   The  occaaioa  of  this  UU.baiag  brought 


mtotheCasBcil snaa  that  in  the  course  of  the 
1888  at  wm  aaaoaiieed  to  tke  colony  thi^  a 
■MBBito  had  been  made,  aanctioniiu; 
an  advaace  imm  tke  rewme  of  New  Soa£ 
Wales  for  thsezpaaaeof  theGovamment  of  New 
Zealand  aa  *  id^aadenoy  of  New  South  Wales, 
with  a  Liaatenant^Govemor ;  the  funds  so  ad« 
vaneed  to  be  repaid  oat  of  the  revenue  received 
fram  the  terdtodes  oaded  from  time  to  time  b^ 
the  aboriginal  proarieton  in  aeoordance  wiik 
the  ordinances  of  the  Governor  and  Coancil  of 
the  older  ookny  ior  that  pmpose  enacted. 

The  priee  of  Crown  lands  in  the  Port  Phillip 
district  was  fixed  «t  £1  per  acre,  the  sale  to  be 
effected  without  ooaipfttitian.  In  the  other  two 
districts  into  which  the  colony  was  divided, 
viz.,  the  Northern  or  Moreton  Bay  district, 
and  the  middle  or  New  Soutii  Wales  district,  a 
minimum  price  of  twelve  shillings  per  acre  was 
established,  but  the  auction  system  was  retained, 
1840. 

The  first  land  sale  of  town  allotments  in  Auck- 
land, New  Zealand,  took  plaoe  April  19,  1841. 

The  new  Imperial  Act  regulating  the  disposal 
of  waste  lands,  received  in  New  South  Wales, 
1842.  [By  this  maasnre  the  auction  system  waa 
universallv  brought  into  operation  ;  the  lands 
were  divided  into  town,  suburban,  and  county 
lots,  and  the  minimum  prioe  of  county  land  waa 
fixed  at  £1  {Msr  acre,  all  over  ^e  colony.] 

Proclamation  for  regolatian  of  pastoral  leases 
issued.  Great  meeting  of  equattcoB  in  Sydney. 
The  Pastoral  Association  of  New  South  Wales 
was  formed,  April,  1843. 

Fifatsaleof  Ctown  lands  held  at  Brisbane, 
AogBst  9,  1843. 

liist  sale  of  town  land  at  Ipswich,  Qneens- 
Und,  October  11,  1843. 

A  Paatocal  Aasociatien  fonned  in  1844.  [The 
first  business  transacted  was  to  petition  the 
Queen  and  both  Houses  of  Parliament  against 
the  new  squatting  regulations,  and  to  pray  that 
the  management' of  ^e  Crown  lands  sliould  be 
transferred  from  the  Executive  to  the  Governor 
and  Legislative  CounciL] 

A  proclamation  was  issued  altering  the  terms 
on  which  licenses  for  Crown  lands  were  granted. 
This  caused  a  great  contest  between  ike  holders 
of.  pastoral  Uoauasand  the  Executive  Govern- 
ment ;  naaurons  public  meetiass  were  held 
throughout  the  colony,  and  mucn  anbeeqnent 
discussion  ensued  in  the  Legislative  Council. 
In  eonsequflDce  of  this  altraation  a  soeiaty 
was  formed  called  the  **  Pastoral  Aasociation  of 
New  South  Wales,"  April,  1844. 

The  total  aumbo:  of  oconpants  of  Crown  lands 
beyond  the  settled  districts  of  N.S.W.  was 
1,865,  in  1848. 

Fiiat  landaales-at  ^oswich,  DrayUm,  and  War- 
wick, Queensland,  July  31,  1850. 

First  land  aale  in  Moreton. Bay  district,  1850. 

First  land  aale  at  Cieelong,  November,  1852. 

Aland  bill  was  introduced  into  Parliament 
bv  the  Cowper. Administration.  A  call  of  the 
House  took  plaoe.  The  bill  was  read  a  second 
time  by  a  majority  of  36  to  8  ;  but  in  committee 
a  motion  for  its  further  consideration  to  be 


128 


LANDS-OFFICE— LEGAL 


deferred  to  that  day  six  months,  was  negatived 
only  by  the  casting  vote  of  the  chairman.  The 
Minisl^y  withdrew  the  bill,  and  announced  that 
they  would  recommend  a  dissolution  of  Parlia- 
ment and  appeal  to  the  country,  1867. 

Land  order  system  of  Queensland — "That 
each  emigrant  from  the  mother-country  pajong 
his  own  passage  out,  or  having  it  paid  for  him, 
is  entitled  to  a  bonus  in  land,  at  the  minimum 
price  at  least  equivalent  to  the  cost  of  his  pas- 
sage out" — became  law,  1860. 

Mr.  (now  Sir)  John  Robertson's  famous  New 
South  Wales  Land  Act  (introducing  "Free 
Selection  before  Survey")  passed  October  18, 
1861 ;  came  into  operation  January  1,  1862. 


DofiyLaad  Act,  Victoria,  passed  June  18, 1862. 

First  land  sale  at  Bockhampton  Bay,  Queens- 
land, March  22,  1865. 

Land  Laws  of  Queensland  passed,  1868. 

Victorian  Land  Act  of  1869  came  into  oper< 
ation,  February  1,  1870. 

Land  Laws  of  Western  Australia  proclaimed^ 
1870. 

Land  Laws  of  South  Australia  passed,  1870. 

Land  Laws  ofTasmania  passed  1870;  amended 
1871  and  1872. 

The  Amended  Land  Act  of  New  South  Wales 
assented  to,  August  10,  1875. 

Yanko  Reserve,  New  South  Wales,  thrown 
open  for  selection  October  18,  1876. 


CrOWK  LAia>S  AUDBNATXD  IN  AUSTRALASIA  UP  TO  JaKUABT  1,    1877. 


Area  In 

Statute 
Acres. 

Acres  Granted  and  Sold. 

Amount  realiacd  oa  Land  Sales. 

Nunc  of  Colony. 

Prior  to 
1876. 

During 
18787 

TotaL 

Total. 

Average  per  Acre. 

Extnt 

Unalienated 
atendbf 

Prior  to 
1878. 

During 
1876. 

TotaL 

Prior  to 
1876. 

During 
1876. 

TotaL 

1876. 

New  South  Wales.. 

New  Zealand 

Quecnidand 

South  Australia .... 
Taamania 

199^,000 
87,198,000 

686,427,300 
16,777,600 
86^48,730 

840/100.000 

l»,M9,8a6 
13,116,4iD6 
1,746,103 
8,89R,8» 
4/04,808 
111,361 ,186 
1,908/163 

4/161,908 
8W,081 
316,219 
714,421 

27/107 
476,684 

30/)13 

23,901,668 
13,844,968 
2/160,921 
7,113,244 
4/»i,B16 
10^27,779 
1,933,168 

£ 

15,800,144 
7,317,386 

8,688;il2 

1,610,306 

17,416,31)0 

a 

£ 
4/189,807 
816,831 

no/wo 

1/)13,161 

36^490 

684,913 

8,461 

£ 

19/M.661 

8,!9l;06 

2,102,«»0 

9,801  J731 

Q18/)01,113 
8^1 

£s.     d. 

0  16    6 
Oil    21 

1  t    l\ 
1    6  10 

0  8    11 

1  18    7| 

£  s.    d. 
1    0   8 
1  12    0 

0  10    8 
18    4 

1  7    0 
1    4    6 
0    8    7 

£  s.    d. 
li  17    01 

0  12    0 
10    6 

1  7    0 

0  8    SI 

1  13    3 
0    6    7| 

Acf««. 
17S,«Bi«,43l 

426.432<«7I 

678^33^ 
12,725.7«» 
45,n»^I 

Victoria    

Weatcrn  Anatralis.. 

Total   .. 

1,993,280JS» 

S8,789/n4 

6,143,773 

62,932,847 

63,7i4,987 

6,749,363 

60,474,n) 

019    8 

112 

0  17    8 

1^,387,473 

*  The  figures  for  Victoria  do  not  include  land  of  which  the  purchase  was  not  completed,  which  at  the  end  of  1876  amonaled  to  6,40448 
acres.  The  figures  for  New  South  Wales  and  South  Australia  do  include  sucn  land,  but  the  area  has  not  been  gircn.  Portiou  of 
this  land  in  the  last-named  colonies  might  rcrert  to  the  Crown  in  consequence  of  non-fUfilment  of  conditions,  fte. 

^  To  compute  the  smount  in  these  columns  the  money  realised  has  been  divided  by  the  sum  of  the  acres  granted  and  sold.  The  aaooBta 
therefore  express  the  arerage  price  realised  for  all  the  land  parted  witl^  incluung  not  only  that  for  which  money  was  paid,  but  tost 
which  was  granted  without  pavment. 

X  In  Victoria  the  land  in  process  of  alienation  is  included  under  this  head.    See  note  (*) 

U  Including  sn  amount  of  £6,804,30,  which  represents  the  estimated  balances  due  at  the  end  of  1876  en  land  in  proceaa  of  alienation. 

)  Including  balances  of  pavments  due  for  lands  sold  on  credit,  which  amounted  at  the  end  of  1876  to  £3JM7,929. 

Non.— Where  «  occurs  the  informntion  has  not  been  ftamished,  or  is  incomplete. 


LANDS-OFFICE.  Foundation  stone  of  the  new 
Lands  Office,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  laid 
by  Hon.  Thomas  Garrett,  M.L.A.,  Secretsry  for 
Lands,  October  14^  1876. 

LAND-TAX. 

Hon.  R.  Le  Poer  Trench  (Attorney-General), 
Sir  Bryan  O'Lo^hlen,  and  Mr.  Archibald  Fisken 
gazetted  Commissioners  of  Land  Tax,  Victoria, 
October  6,  1877. 

Sir  George  Bowen  assented  to  the  Victorian 
Land  Tax  Bill,  Oct.  11,  1877. 

LA  PEROUSE.  (Of  the  French  Expiloring 
Expedition  "Boussole"  and  "Astrolabe"  sighted 
Botany  Bay  January  22,  1788  ;  landed  January 
24,  1788;  departed  March  11,  1788.)  M.  De 
Clonard,  captain  of  the  "Astrolabe,"  brought 
to  Governor  Phillip  La  Perouse's  despatches 
for  the  French  Government,  the  last  ever  for- 
warded by  that  navi^tor,  February  16,  1788. 

Belies  of  this  navigator  found  on  an  island 
called  Tucopid,  South  Pacific  Ocean,  by  Captain 
Dillon,  1827.  [These  relics  are  preserved  in  the 
Museum  at  Paris.] 


"LAEBIKIN,"  a  name  given  to  young  vap- 
bonds  in  Australia.  The  term  was  first  appUed 
in  a  Melbourne  Police  Court  by  an  Irish  police 
officer  (Dalton),  who,  in  reply  to  the  Magistrates, 
said  the  youths  before  the  Uourt  were  "larrikin," 
meaning  larking. 

LAUNCESTON.     [See  Tasmania,] 

LAWSON,  LiEUTENAirr  William,  with  Went- 
worth  and  Bludand  crossed  the  Blue  Mountaiiu, 
May,  1813;  was  appointed  to  the  command  of 
the  military  forces  stationed  in  the  country  to 
the  westward  of  the  Blue  Mountains ;  he  was 
also  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Civil  depart- 
ment at  Bathurst,  and  through  all  that 
country  which  had  received  the  name  of  the 
County  of  Westmoreland,  July  31,  1819. 

LEAD  found  in  South  Australia,  1843.  [See 
Minerals.] 

LEGAL. 

The  separation  of  the  two  branches  of  the 
legal  profession  in  New  South  Wales  took  place, 
1829.    [See  Court,  Sufrsmk] 


LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY— LIBRARIES. 


129 


LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY.  [See  Pabua- 
MBTT  and  Constitution.] 

LEGISLATIVE  COUNCIL.  [5fe«  Parliament.] 

LEiqmAKDT,  Madams.  The  Legislatiye 
Coandl  of  New  Sonth  Wales  Toted  a  pension  of 
£100  per  annum  to  Madame  Leichnardt,  the 
mother  of  the  explorer,  1853. 

LEICHHARDT,  Ssabch  tob. 

The  sam  of  £2,000  voted  by  the  Legislative 
CoDndl  of  New  Sonth  Wales,  to  fit  out  an 
expedition  for  the  search  of  Dr.  Leichhardt,  1851. 

An  exploring  expedition,  under  Mr.  Hoven- 
den  Hely,  was  undertaken  to  search  for  Dr. 
Leichhardt,  January  1,  1852.  The  party  con- 
flated of  seven  white  men  and  three  blacks, 
v^  provided  with  sixteen  horses  and  fifteen 
males,  and  supplied  with  provisions  for  nine 
months.  But  very  little  information  of  the  fate 
of  the  explorer  was  obtained. 

The  Australian  Cordillera  crossed  by  Leich- 
Wdt  Search  Party,  under  A.  C.  uretuyry, 
Aogiut  11,  1856.  [See  Australian  Land 
Explorers.] 

^ESTRANGE,  the  Australian  Blondin,  crossed 
Sydney  (Middle)  Harbour  on  a  tight  rope 
stretched  from  cliff  to  cliff.  The  lengSi  of  the 
n>pe  was  1,420  feet,  and  its  height  above  the 
Titer  341  feet,  March  29,  1877. 

UBELS. 

Andrew  Bent  fined  £500  and  imprisoned  for 
pahlication  of  letters  written  by  Mr.  Robert 
uthrop  Murray  against  Governor  Arthur,  in 
the  Hofxirt  Town  OauUe,  July  25,  1825. 

A  criminal  prosecution  was  instituted  against 
"t-  Wardell,  the  proprietor  and  editor  of  the 
^^ralian  newspaper,  for  libel  on  the  Governor, 
m  which,  it  was  alleged,  an  attempt  was  made 
to  bring  the  Kins's  representative  into  hatred 
^Qd  contempt.  The  jury  not  agreeing,  the 
defendant  was  discharged,  on  the  understanding 
^t  there  should  be  no  furtiier  prosecution. 
I>ecember22,  1827. 

Robert  Howe,  proprietor  of  the  Sydney 
^«Ut,  found  guilty  of  UbeUing  Dr.  H.  G. 
^aglas.  He  was  ordered  to  enter  into  recogni- 
zees to  appear  when  called  upon  for  judgment, 
A)ecember  24,  1828. 

Ba^es,  editor  of  The  Australian^  convicted  of 
||[^Uing  Governor  Darling  re  Sudds  and 
Thompson's  case,  was  sentenced  to  a  fine  of  £100, 
^th  SIX  months'  imprisonment,  April  14,  1829. 

£■  S.  Hall,  editor  of  The  Monttor,  convicted 
w^  libelling  Governor  Darling  re  Sudds  and 
Thompson's  case,  was  sentenced  to  twelve 
months'  imprisonment,  September  15, 1829. 

^  Manmeld,  editor  of  The  Sydney  GazeUe, 
^^'uninallv  prosecuted  for  libel,  for  publishing 
^  article  favourable  to  the  Governor,  and 
^nst  petitions  for  his  impeachment.  Verdict 
against  Mansfield,  who  was  fined  £10.     1829. 

K.  S.  Hall  was,  on  December  21st,  found  guilty 
of  libelling  Gtovemor  Darling;  on  December  23rd 
of  libelling  James  Laidley,  l>eputy  Commissary 


General;  on  December  23rd  of  libelling  F.  A. 
Healy,  Superintendent  of  Convicts ;  and  on 
December  24th  of  libelling  Alex.  Macleay, 
Colonial  Secretary,  1829. 

Stevens  and  Stokes,  proprietors  of  the  Sydney 
Morning  HercUd,  obtained  a  verdict  against  F. 
Stephen  and  J.  R.  Nichols,  of  The  AtutraUan, 
March  25,  1834. 

Cavenagh,  editor  of  The  Sydney  Oazette,  ob- 
tained a  verdict  against  W.  C.  Wentworth,  with 
£225  damases,  Julv  1,  1837. 

James  Mitchell  obtained  £100  damages 
against  Dr.  Thompson,  for  the  publication  of 
certain  letters  in  the  Sydney  newspapers,  March 
23,  1838. 

The  editor  of  the  SeUhist,  fm  obscene  publica- 
tion in  Sydney,  sentenced  to  two  years'  im- 
prisonment ;  the  printer  and  publisher  were 
also  each  sentenced  to  twelve  months  imprison- 
ment, 1843. 

Messrs.  Hawkesleyand  Williamson,  charged 
with  libelling  Captain  Fitzroy,  A.D.C.  to  the 
Governor,  by  puolishing  an  article  in  their 
^]per—The  People's  Advocate — ^to  the  effect  that 
plaintiff  was  assaulted  at  Parramatta  by  Mr. 
beit  for  cheating  at  cards.  Defendants  were 
committed  for  trial,  found  guilty,  and  sentenced 
to  six  weeks'  imprisonment  m  Darlinghurst  Gaol, 
and  a  fine  of  £25  each,  February  25,  1845. 

The  Sydney  Morning  Herald  having  commented 
on  the  unseaworthiness  of  a  vessel  named  the 
"Caroline,"  belonnngto  Isaac  Simmons,  that 
person  prosecuted  Messrs.  Kemp  and  Fairfax. 
Verdict  for  the  defendants.    August  29,  1845. 

The  Argus  published  a  libel  asainst  William 
Frazer,  member  for  Creswick,  April  4,  1862. 
[See  Parliament,  contempt  of.] 

Philpots  and  wife  v.  Bishop  of  Newcastle,  for 
using  aefamatory  expressions  in  a  letter  to  the 
Bev.  J.  R.  Thackeray,  of  West  Maitland. 
Verdict  for  the  plainti£b;  damagte,  40s.  April, 
1874. 

Mr.  £.  Langton,  M.L.A.,  Victoria,  obtained 
a  verdict  of  £1,000  damages  (subsequently 
reduced  to  £750)  for  a  libel  pubhshed  against 
him  by  The  Age  newspaper,  March  3,  1877. 

In  Frazer  v.  Syme  (Melbourne  Age),  the  jury 
awarded  £250  damages  to  the  plaintiff,  June  22, 
1878. 

[See  Trials,  Remarkable.] 
LIBERTY  PLAINS.    [See  Immiorantb.] 

LIBRARIES. 

Sydney  Parliamentarv  Library  is  the  most 
valuable  of  the  kind  in  Australia.  On 
August  8,  1843,  a  select  conmiittee  of  the 
Legislative  Council  was  appointed  *'  to  make 
necessary  arrangements  for  the  fitting  up 
and  opening  the  library  of  the  CounciL 
The  committee  reported  '*  that  they  regret 
to  find  that  the  books  at  present  belonging 
to  the  library  of  the  Ouncil  are  comparatively 
few  in  number,  and  do  not  comprise  those  books 
which  may  be  considered  indispensable  as  books 
of  reference  or  of  general  utility."  The  last  re- 
port of  the  library  committee  of  the  Council  in 


IW) 


IICENSES--XiaHTBKHT8BS. 


■1855 — ^previous  to  the  establiahment  of  Bcspon- 
nble  Government — statee: — "The  new  LeguU- 
tnre  will,  therefos«,  have  at  tta  command  a 
library  raised  from  337  volumes — which 
fonnd  on  its  flhelvee  at  the  time  of  its 
in  1844 — ^to  6,990  volumes  of  standard  works  in 
lAie  various  departments  of  litenurv  and  scienoe." 
Since  1855  to  the  end  of  1878  large  additions 
have  been  made,  including  many  soaroe  and 
valuable  works,  and  the  number  of  volumea  in 
round  numbers  is  between  25,000  md  30,000. 

Australian  Subscbiptioh,  tsb,  establiahed 
March  7,  1826. 

Free.  Australian  Free  Librarv,  in  Terzy^ 
baildings;  originated  tiuough  the  efforts  of 
Thomas  De  La  Condamine,  Private  Secretary 
to  Governor  Ralph  Darling.  It  was  first  known 
as  the  Australian  Subscription  lifanry.  Alex. 
Macleay,  first  President,  October  1,  1&7. 

The  foundation  stone  of  the  Australian  Library, 
Sydney,  was  laid  by  Alexander  Maoieay,  Bsq., 
February  14,  1843  ;  opened  January,  184& 

The  Public  Lihntfy,  Melbourne,  costing 
£110,000,  and  now  containing  80,000  volumes, 
was  founded  July  3,  1853.  [Librsiy  opened 
February  11,  1856.] 

The  Melbourne  Univenity  Librazy,  costing 
£7,406,  and  containing  9,168  volumes,  was 
founded  1854. 

The  library  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Victoria, 
cost  £8,722,  and  now  oootaining  10,454  vol- 
ames,  was  founded  1854. 

Free  PubUc  Librae^,  Sydney  (previonsfy  the 
Australian  Subooription  Library),  opened  by 
Earl  Behnore,  Seutember  30,  1869.  Mr.  £.  O. 
Walker  appointea  first  librarian  of  Sydn^  Free 
Library,  {November  10,  1869. 

Branch  of  Free  Librazy  opened  as  a  TiRnding 
Library,  July  1,  1877. 

.    Free  Pnbue  Libcarv,  Sydnejr,  New   South 
Wales,  opened  on  Sundays,  April  21,  1878. 

List  of  the  Principal  Libbabiis  in  Austbalia. 

vols. 

Sydney  Free  LIbnry,  OfMnod  I860 87,000 

„     Lending  Branch,  July  1, 1877  6,061 

„     School  of  Arts,  estebllshed  Much  22,  1888  19,000 

„     PartiaoMotery  Llhnury,  opened  18M        ..  80,000 

Melbourne  Public  Ubrary,  1864        80,000* 

„         ParliamenUiy  Llbruy,  1866                . .  87,000 

„         Supreme  Court  Lfltouj 18,000 

„         Atheneum,  1840 11,700 

„         Univeni^,  1864 0,168 

Adelaide,  South  Australian  IncUtute,  1868          . .  26,000 

.,       Law  Library 2,000 

Brisbane  School  of  Arts        7,600 

„       ParUamntary  Lilnaiy 12,000 

Ipswich 8,000 

Rockhampton 4.600 

Ballarat  Mechanics'  Instltate 11,600 

..       FreeUbTMV 10,000 

Sandhurst  Mechanics'^  Institute        6,000 

Hobart  Toi^tn  Public  Librsiy 7,800 

Launceston  Mechanics*  Institute 7,000 

Oeelons:  Mechanics*  Institute            12,000 

Beechworth  Athenaum          8,700 

Castlemaine  Mechanics*  Institute 4,781 

Ooulburn  Mechanics'  Institute          8,000 

BathurBt  School  of  Arts          6,264 

Mudiroe  Mechanics'  InsUtata 4^000 

Newcastle  School  of  Aiti       2^ 

*  And  U^pUDphltta. 


LICSNSBS.  The  ade  of  intozicatiag  Uqwn 
by  persons  unauthorised  to  sett  tliem  hating 
incroued  to  a  degree  threatening  the  welfsze  <tf 
tile  settlement,  the  Governor  etdewd  boensM 
to  be  issued  for  that  privilaga  ;  tan  vcfc 
granted,  1796.  [Theae  liaensea  wrtimded  ovw 
twelva  months,  the  person  being  bound  by  sme- 
ties  not  to  infringe  the  conditions  imposed  by  the 
authorities.] 

LIGHTHOUSES. 

Foundation  stone  of  Sydney  Ughtlioase  snd 
''Maoquarie  Tower**  laid  by  Governor  Mae- 
quarie,  July  18^  18ia  [ita  hei^  is  76feet,  or 
368  feet  aboTO  sea  leiwL] 

The  Ssperintendent  of  Fori  niUip  selected 
CiqM  Otwiy  as  a  site  ior  a  ti^thonaa,  April  21, 
184a 

C.  J.  T^em,  ecu,  aentta  ae&eet  a  site  lor  a 
lighAouse  at  Oqie  Howe,  April  28,  1848. 

Gabo  Island  selected  as  a  plaoe  for  a  fig^ 
boose  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Tymn,  1848. 

Lifl^ithouses  ereoted  at  Cape  Borda  and 
Nor&umberiand,  1857. 

List  of  principal  Liohts  on  thx  Coast  or 

AXTffTRALASIA  (1879). 

Nbw  Soctb  Waijb. 

JgSrffn.->Twof6ld  Bay,  1  lig^  fixed,  sea  niae 
miles.    Bed  Haxbonr  Light  on  Ponit  Lookout 

l/UaduUa  Harbour  Light— On  Tier,  fixed, 
green,  visible  from  seven  to  nine  miles. 

Shoaikmm.  --  Poaitian  li^t,  visible  eight 
mflsB. 

Jemrig  Bap.-^Ufmr  Cbipe  St  Gootge,  1  Hj^t, 
revolving,  seen  fifteen  to  twenty  miles. 

WoU^ngtmg. — On  ooaat  iUawanra,  1  lig^t,  nd, 
fixed,  vimble  ten  miles.  On  east  side  of  Fmt 
Head. 

Mcumnrie,  —  On  Sooth  Head,  ontmoe  to 
Port  Jaokson,  1  Ug^  revolving,  seen  twenty- 
five  milea.  Shows  a  brig^  flash  etvecy  auaate 
and  a>ha]f  . 

Hornby, — On  Inner  Soutii  Head,  1  li^rt>  fixed, 
seen  fifteen  miles.  Tower,  paintied  in  vertieal 
stripes  of  red  and  white. 

Sow  and  Piff9  LigkiMMp,— On  N.W.  ednof 
Bow  and  Pigi  Shoal,  2 Uj^ts,  fixed,  seenfifteeo 
miles. 

Fort  Dem»on,— On  Fort  Benison,  1  h^ 
fixed,  seen  five  miles.  Harbour  lig^t  to  gnide 
▼essds  up  Sydney  harbour. 

Broken  Aey  l4pAle.^Two  fixed,  S.&S.  ssd 
W.K.W.  from   each   other,  seen  three  anke 

'Newea9tU,^0n  Nobby  Island,  1  li^t»  fixed, 
seen  seventeen  wijfej; 

NeweasHe  Leading  Ligk^^Wor  enteris^  nd 
and  bright  , 

NewcaUU  Leading  2;^te.->Por  the  Ntfth 
Harbour,  red  and  bright 

Port  iS>pAefM.~'On  Port  Stephens,  1  ligtg> 
revolving,  seen  sixteen  milsB.  81k>ws  alteniMy 
red  and  white  flash. 

Nelson  JTead-One  lig^  fixed,  bright  to 

fward,  visible  eight  to  ten  miles. 


2J!3HTHOITS3BB. 


Idl 


affevorybrif  nttnatoy  and  'viiibfe  tvmtj-two 
mm.  Qtwn  li^^  of  fourth  ordar  shown  aim 
irom  the  aaoM  tower. 

Mmmmg  Rimr. — Brig^  fixed   light   shown 
from  POoi  Station,  aeen  from  ten  to  tweWe 


^  Seal  Rock*. — ^Banrolvnu:  farifffat  lidht. 

Ctamtet  River. — ^Bri^t  mrad  nght  shown 
iraoi  Pilot  SttttioB,  ▼inble  from  »  diirfiamw  of 
Bx  or  ei^t  miles. 

RiAmomd  iKiwr.— Two  bright  ftced  b^ts  ex- 
k^bited  from  i^lot  Station,  Tisihle  six  or  eight 
aiks.    W.N. W.  and  K&£.»  550  feet  »art 

Cape  fimgaL—FQot  Statum,  Tweed  Sirer,  1 
light,  bri^t,  fixed,  viaftile  Id  se«mrd  from  six 
to  eight  miles. 


Cipe  Fomhoind.'^. 


iDgevery  half  minute,  visible  19^  niks. 
Tin  Tiri  (Hanraki  Gntf  ).—~ 


^vi^iite  fight  flad^ 
iks. 
while  light. 


Tisible  23i  miles. 

Mamikau  JSeads.— Fixed  white  li^t,  visible 
Seniles. 

Htmdtpii  (Fbih  of  Thame»)L— Fixed  red  and 

Bean  Rocks  (AneklaBd  Harhe«r).-~Fixed  rad, 
vlate,  and  green  Ik^ 

ifapkr  &tt/ (Napwry.— Fised  wMe  fight, 
Tiaible  18  miles. 

Pencarrow  (Port  Nioholaeix). — Fixed  white 
ligbi,  vinUe  SOnalesL 

&»nies  Jalamd  (WeIfiiu;toD  Hacboor).— Fixed 
ad,  white,  and  g^eeo  U^^ 

TU  Brother^  Coot'a  8traks.^-Seemi^  order 
flMluBg  white  Ikiit,  viaihle  22  miles  (in  alaee  of 
Ihe  Maaa  Isfamd  fi^t). 

FareueU  Spk. — llevelying  light,  white  with 
nd  are  over  spit-endt  visible  17  miles. 

Sekim.'-'WaiBd.  wUte  li^ht»  virihk  ISi  mika 

Cafe  GampbeiL — fievolviiig  light,  whii^  visi- 
IdelTmilea^ 

Port  LyUelton  (entrance). — ^Ilxed  white  li|^t, 
Smiles. 

Port  C%a&ner«.— Fixed  red  light,  visible  20 
miles. 

y^ifgei  PoinL—Tuadd  white  fi^t,  visible  23 
milefc 

Dog  Tdand  (Foveanx  Straits). — Li^  revolv- 
ing every  half  minute,  visible  18  miles. 

Cenire  laUmd  (soaAem  extremity,  FiDveaax 
8tnat).~FirBt  ordar  fixed  lad  aad  ^^itel^it, 
viable  fB^BBles. 

Portland  Island  (Hasrkea  Bay).— Kevelviag 
wUlefigfat,  visMa^miles. 

7%iiank--Fifth  order  fixed  while  fight, 
visible  14^  mBesy  in  flaee  el  the  red  li^. 

Mmmwaki  RSmer  (enlHBiee  of  ).~Wlate  fight, 
▼isible  11  raiies. 

Wimgogwi  Nwih  Heada.—White  lighl^  visible 
I2m9ea» 

PoH  Akofirin  a«raier).-Ayrhoar  fi^  is 
ohibited,  visible  »  miles. 

BuUsr  Rieer  Memi  (Port^  WesCfart).-*fiar- 
bonr  fight,  vivU*  l#mil«b 


Cape  jHoTtion, — On  If.E.  part  of  Iforetoa 
Island,  1  light,  revolving  at  mtervals  of  one 
minute.    Tower  white. 

Middle  Channel^  Moreton  Bay,  two  leading 
fights  are  estabUshed  to  guide  vessels  over  the 
West  Banks. 

Comboyuro  Point  Light. — Used  in  connection 
with  the  leading  lights  for  taking  the  Middle 
Channel. 

Cowan  Cowan  Point  Light, — fixed,  bright 
fight,  eight  feet  above  hiffh  vrater  mark. 

Brisbane  Bar. — ^Idghtuip,  fixed,  also  leading 
fights  for  crossing  the  bar. 

Sandy  Cape  Light. —  Dioptric,  first  order, 
obtaining  its  greatest  brilfiancy  every  two 
minutes,  visible  twenty-six  miles. 

Burnett  River  (Moutiiof).— Fixed,  white. 

Cape  Capricorn. — ^Revolving,  310  feet  high. 
Intervals  between  periods  of  greatest  brilfiancy 
one  minute. 

Bustard  Mead. — Fixed,  and  flashing. 

Gateombe  Head  (Port  Curtis).—!  fixed  fight, 
fifhr  feet  high. 

Oyster  Roek. — One  bright  mparent  fic^t,  visi- 
ble  8.W.  by  W.  J  W.  to  N.  W.  by  W.  about 
fourteen  miles. 

Lady  Elliott* s  Island. — One  bright,  revolving 
fi^t,  flashes  every  thirty  seconds,  visible  twelve 
miles. 

Woody  Island. — Leading  fi^ts. 

Maryborough. — Leading  fi^ts,  colour  red  and 
briffht. 

Keppel  Bay.  —  lightship,  1  brig^  fight, 
S.S.  W.  i  W.,  off  the  3bow  buoy. 

Floating  LighL — Upfier  flats,  Fitzroy  &iv«r, 
red. 

Flattop  Island. — ISgnal  station,  temporary 
fight,  visible  ten  miles. 

Port  Denison. — One  white  fixed  fight,  on 
North  Head,  eighty-six  feet  above  t&e  levd  of 
the 


Cape  Bowling  Oreetu — fievolvingevery  minofte, 
visible  fifteen  miles. 

South  AuarBAiiA. 

Cape  Borda. —  On  Cttpe  Borda,  Kangwoo 
Island,  1  fight  revolving,  bright ;  seen  tiarty 
miles ;  red  phase  of  same  Ug^  fifteen  miles. 
Exhibits  a  bright  and  red  flash  aheraately  every 
half  minute. 

tipara  Reef  (Spmexr's  G^^JL— LtghthetiMe 
exhiDiting  a  bright  revolving  Ug^t,  having 
eclipses  every  thirty  seconds. 

Troubridge. — On  Troubridge  Island,  St.  Vin- 
cent's Gulf,  1  fig^  revotving  every  half  nanale. 

Cape  Jertie. — One  bright  fixed  fig^t. 

HviXk  Off  G^fenefa.— Two  bris^  verticaL 

QUmAg  Jetiy,  HoUffast  Bay,  CM/  qf  SL  Vin- 
cent,— 1  fight,  fixed,  red. 

Port  A£iaide  PUot  Station,  Semaphore  Jetty.  — 
Ope  men  fixed  Ug^  points  out  landing  plaoe ; 
visible  four  miles* 

Port  Adelaide. — lichthonse  on  south  side  of 
outer  bar;  white,   flash,   shown  every 


132 


UGHTHOUSEa 


SturL — On  Cape  Wellington,  Kangaitx)  Island, 
1  li^ht,  revolving  ;  seen  twenty-f our  miles ;  ex- 
hibits ft  flash  every  one  and  a-half  minute. 

MacdonnelL —  On  Cape  Northumberland  1 
liffht,  revolving,  shows  alternately  every  minute  ; 
white,  red,  green ;  visible  from  seaward  ;  white 
light  18  miles,  red  15  miles,  green  8  miles. 

Cape  Jaffa, — 1  light,  revolving  every  thirty 
seconds. 

Tasbiania. 

D*ErUreca8ieaux, — On  Bnini  Island,  1  li^ht, 
revolving,  seen  twenty-four  miles.  Shows  a  bright 
flash  every  fifty  seconds.     Tower,  white. 

Iron  Pat. — On  Cape  Direction,  1  light,  fixed, 
seen  eight  miles.  Guide  to  the  River  Derwent. 
Tower,  red. 

Port  Dalrymple. — On  Low  Head,  entrance  to 
Kiver  Tamar,  1  light,  revolving,  seen  eight 
miles.  Shows  a  bright  flash  once  every  minute. 
Tower,  upper  part  red,  lower  white.    , 

Swan  island. — In  Banks's  Straits,  1  light,  re- 
volving, seen  twenty  miles. 

Goose  Island.  —  On  Goose  Island,  Bass*s 
Straits,  1  light,  fixed,  seen  twenty  years. 

Kent* 8  Group. — ^On  Deal  Island,  Bass's  Straits, 
1  light,  revolving,  seen  thirty-six  miles. 

Victoria. 

Portland  Bay. — On  Battery  Hill,  red  and 
white  dioptric     Tower,  white. 

Port  Fairy. — Light  fixed  and  flashing  Ex- 
hibits a  red  flash  every  three  minutes.  Tower, 
red.    Jetty,  1  light,  green. 

Warmambool. — Two  lights,  upper  one  fixed, 
white  ;  lower  lieht  fixed,  red. 

King* 8  Island. — On  Cape  Wickham,  1  lig^t, 
fixed,  white.     Tower,  white. 

Ca^  Otway. — One  light,  revolving,  white, 
showing  a  bright  flash  of  four  seconds  duration 
.  every  minute.     Tower,  white. 

QueenscM  (High  Li^ht).  —  On  Shortland's 
Bluff,  fixed  red  and  white  li^ht.  Tower,  white. 
"The  upper  and  lower  lights  m  one,  lead  in  mid- 
channeL 

Quemsclif  (Low  Li^ht).— On  Shortiand's  Bluff, 
fixed  red  and  white  bffht.  Tower,  white.  The 
/upper  and  lower  lignts  in  one,  lead  in  mid- 
channeL 

QueenscUff  Jetty. —  One  light,  fixed,  green, 
%aeen  four  miles. 

Stoan  Spit  Light, — On  Swan  Spit,  fixed,  red 
and  white  li£^t,  fixed  on  piles. 

Lonsdale  Point  Light. — On  Lonsdale  Point, 
fixed,  red  and  green. 

South  Channel  MtJboume. — Blastem  light, 
.immediately  under  Arthur's  Seat,  fixed  dioptric, 
eighty  feet  above  sea-level,  visible  about  four- 
teen miles  in  clear  weather,  and  shows  red  be- 
tween S.  by  W.  4  W.,  and  S.E.  J  E.,  and  white 
between  S.E.  J  E.,  and  £.  by  N.  i  N. 

Sovth  Ckannd. — Pile  Light  ia  fixed  twenty- 
'.seven  feet  above  sea-level,  visible  in  clear 
weather  about  ten  miles ;  it  shows  red  from 
W.  \  S.  round  northerly  to  N.E.  i  N.,  and  white 
\  between  N.  £.  i  N.  and  S.  S.  K  Between  the  bear- 
ings of  S.S.E.  to  W.  4  S.,  this  light  is  obscured. 


West  Channel  lAght  Ship. — On  north  end  of 
West  Channel,  two  lights,  fixed,  white,  seen  ten 
miles.  Visible  all  round  the  compass;  gpng 
soxmded  in  thick  or  foggy  weather. 

GeeUmgShip  ChannSTl/ightship, — On  entrance 
to  Corio  Bay,  1  lisht,  fixed,  bright,  seen  nine 
miles.  Visible  all  round  Uie  compass;  gong 
sounded  in  thick  or  foggy  weather. 

Geelong  Harbour. — ^Ared  lia^t  from  lantern, 
placed  on  first  red  dolphin  in  wore  of  the  light- 
ship. 

Gellibrand's  Point  Lightship.— OS  Oelhhmid'i 
Point,  1  white  light,  revolving,  seen  ten  miles. 
Visible  all  round  the  compass ;  ^ng  sounded  in 
tiiick  or  fosgy  weather;  exhibits  oright  flash 
once  every  t^rty  seconds. 

Port  Arlington. — Fixed  red  li^ht. 

Schnapper  Point. — Fixed  white  light. 

Cape  Schanck. — On  Cape  Schan^,  1  lieht, 
white,  fixed,  and  fladiing ;  shows  a  bright  flash 
of  ten  seconds  duration  every  two  minutes. 
Tower,  white. 

Western  Point. — Hastings  Jetty,  bright  light, 
seen  five  miles  off. 

Promontory. — On  Wilson's  Promontory,  1  light 
fixed,  seen  twenty-four  miles.     Tower,  white. 

Port  Alhert.-iyjx  Latrobe  Island,  1  Uefat, 
revolving,  seen  ten  miles ;  shows  a  bright  flash 
every  three  minutes.     Tower,  white. 

Flinders.-^Oti  Gabo  Island,  1  light»  fixed, 
white,  seen  eighteen  miles. 

Weste&n  Australia. 

Champion  Bay, — Leading  lights  are  fixed  red 
lights,  elevated  65  and  41  feet  respectively 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  should  be  visible 
in  clear  weather,  through  an  arc  of  75  degrees, 
from  a  distance  of  8  or  9  miles.  The  towers 
painted  white,  with  keeper's  dweUing  attached, 
are  202  yards  apart,  and  bear  from  each  other 
E.  by  K  J  N.,  and  W.  by  S.  i  S.  The  upper 
tower,  26  feet  high,  is  square ;  the  lower  tower, 
37  feet  hiffh,  is  octa^naL  The  iUuminattng 
apparatus  (S  the  lower  hght  is  of  the  fourth  order. 

Note. — ^These  lights  in  line  (bearing  £.  hy 
X.  i  N.)  lead  between  the  shoals  that  extend 
norUiward  of  Moore  Point  and  the  shoal  ground 
southward  of  Four-fathom  Bank. 

Position  of  lower  light  latitude  28  degrees 
44  min.  35  sec.  S.,  longitude  114  deg.  37  min. 
25  sec.  E. 

Rottefiest.—  OvL  Eottenest  Island,  Western 
Australia,  1  light  revolving;  seen  twenty-five 
miles  ;  flashes  once  a  minutelor  8  seconds,  and  is 
obscured  for  52  seconds. 

FreeTnantU. —  On  Freemantle,  entrance  to 
Swan  River,  1  Hg^t  fixed,  seen  fifteen  miles; 
intended  only  as  a  ffuide  to  Gages  Boad. 

Bunbury, — (lisscnenault  Inlet)  1  fixed,  bricht ; 
117  feet  high;  visible  fifteen  mileB  in  clear 
weather. 

Breaksea,--On  Breaksea  Isknd,  King  Geoige  s 
Sound,  1  light,  fixed ;  seen  twenty-seven  miles. 

Princess  Royal  Harbour. — On  Point  King, 
Kins  Oeorge's  Sound,  north  point  of  entrance 
to  the  harbour,  1  light  fixed ;  seen  ten  miles. 


IITHGOW— MACQTJARIE. 


133 


UTHGOW,   William.     [See  Appointments, 
EiSLT  Imperial.] 

LIVERPOOL,  N.S.W. 

Called  the  district  of  Greorge's  River,  named 
by  Governor  Macquarie,  December  10,  1810. 

Courts  of  Quarter  Sessions  appointed  to  be 
holden  twice  a  year  at  this  township  (closed 
June  3, 1828),  October  26,  1826. 

"LOCH  ARD,"  Survivors  of. 

Sir  Greorge  Bowen,  on  behalf  of  the  Government 
of  Victoria,  presented,  at  the  Town  Hall,  Mel- 
bourne, Thomas  Pearce,  midshipman  of  the  ship 
"Loch  Ard,*'  with  a  gold  watch  and  chain,  in 
recognition  of  his  galluitry  in  saving  Miss  Car- 
michael's  life  (on  June  1)  at  the  time  of  the 
wreck  of  the  "  Loch  Ard."    June  19,  1878. 

The  gold  medal  of  the  Victorian  Humane 
Society  presented  at  Melbourne  to  Thomas 
Peirce,  midshipman,  for  rescuing  Miss  Car- 
michael  from  tne  wreck  of  the  **Loch  Ard." 
June  20, 1878. 

Presentation  of  a  large  sum  of  monev  at 
the  Exhibition  Building,  Alfred  Park,  Sydney, 
N.S.W.,  to  Thomas  Pearce,  midshipman  of  the 
"Loch  Ard,"  for  savinc  the  life  of  Miss  Car- 
michael,  at  the  wreck  of  that  vessel.  July  27, 
1878. 

[See  Wrecks.] 

LOCKYER,  Major,    [See  Albany.] 

U)DDON  (YARRATins,  or  Campaspe),  River. 
named  Yamyne,  by  Sir  T.  L.  MitcheU,  1835. 

LODGING-HOUSE,  Model,  erected  in  King- 
street,  Melbourne,  Jxme  20,  1873. 

IXX^AN,  Captain,  Commandant  of  Moreton 
Bay  settlement,  discovered  a  magnificent  river 
50  miles  to  the  southward  of  that  settlement : 
the  Dame  Darling  Biver  siven  to  it,  October, 
1826 ;  Captain  Logan  muraered,  November  16, 

183a 

IX)NSDALE,  Captain  William,  formerly  of 
4th  Regt.,  Resident  Magistrate  of  Victoria, 
arrived  September,  1836 ;  nominated  by 
Governor  Latrobe  as  Colonial  Secretary,  July, 
1850. 

LORD  HOWE  ISLAND.  Lieutenant  Hennr 
Lidgbird  Ball,  on  his  passage  to  Norfolk  Island, 
in  we  "  Sup^y,"  discovered  and  named  Lord 
Howe  Islana,  Februaiy  17,  1788.  [On  his  return 
Lieutenant  Ball  stopped  at,  and  surveyed  the 
ialand.] 

U)WE,  Right  Hon.  Robert,  M.P.  (Enghmd), 
borrister-at-law,  arrived  in  Sydney,  1842.  [See 
"Men  of  the  Time,"  Lowe,  Bight  Hon,  Bobert,] 


LUNATIC  ASYLUMS. 

Tarban  Creek  (Gladesville)  Lunatic  Asylum,  at 
Bedlam  Point,  on  the  Parramatta  River,  New 
South  W^es,  built  by  the  Colonial  Government 
at  an  expense  of  £13,000,  to  accommodate  sixty 
patients,  December  14,  1835.  First  patient  re- 
ceived from  the  old  Asylum,  at  Liverpool,  in 
1838.  In  1848  there  were  one  hundred  and 
fifty-four  inmates,  and  there  were  about  eight 
hundred  patients  in  1877. 

Yarra  Bend,  Melbourne,  opened  for  reception 
of  lunatics,  October,  1848. 

LUNATICS  IN  Australia,  por  year  ending 
December  31,  1877. 

PopnUtlOB.  Lvaaties. 

New  South  Wales    ..    662,212    1,749 


New  Zealand 417,662 

Queensland   208,084 

South  Australia  ....  236,864 

'RMmania  107,104 

Victoria 860,787 

Western  Australia  ..  27,888 


Total 2,615,661 

*  No  record*  pablialicd  of  the  number. 


865 
482 
478 
849 
2,688 


6,561 


K. 


MACARTHUR,  John.  Trial  of  Mr.  John 
Macarthur,  of  Sydney,  for  contempt  of  law, 
January  25,  1808.  [The  Court  was  composed  of 
six  omcers  —  Captain  Anthony  Fern  Kemp, 
Lieutenant  J.  Brabyn,  Lieutenant  W.  Moore, 
Lieutenant  T.  Laycock,  Lieutenant  W.  Minchin, 
and  Lieutenant  W.  Lawson — the  Judge- Advo- 
cate (Atkins)  presiding.  ]  [See  J  ohnston.  Major  ; 
also,  **  Men  of  ths  Timb,"  Macarthur,  John.] 

MACARTHUR,  Rivxr,  discovered,  September 
21,  1845. 

MACKENZIE,  Rivrr,  discovered  by  Leich- 
hardt,  1844. 

MACLEAY,  Alexander,  Colonial  Secretary, 
arrived  in  New  South  Wales,  January  3,  1826. 
[See  "Men  op  the  Time,"  (Madeay,  Alex- 
ander.)] 

MACQUARIE,  Lachlan,  Governor-in-Chief, 
New  South  Wales,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  73rd 
Regiment,  arrived  in  Sydney  in  the  ''Hindostan," 
frigate,  50  guns,  from  England,  December  28, 

1809,  enter^  on  his  government,  January  1, 

1810.  [His  first  measure  was  to  take  cognizance 
of  the  events  which  resulted  in  the  suppression 
of  his  predecessor,  by  issuing  a  proclamation,  in 
which  ne  stated  His  Majesty's  deep  regret  and 
displeasure  on  account  of  the  late  tumultuous  and 
mutinous  conduct  of  certain  persons  towards 
his  (the  Governor's)  predecessor,  William  Bligh, 
and  commanded  him,  before  opening  the  Royid 
Commission,  to  reinstate  that  officer  in  his  posi- 
tion of  Captain-General  and  Govemor-in- Chief  of 
the  colony,  who  was,  at  the  expiration  of  twenty- 


134 


MACQUAItm— MANTTFACTORIES. 


four  hours  after  being  so  reinstated,  f onnally  to 
receive  Qovemor  Macquarie  as  his  saocessor. 
The  absence  of  Governor  Bliah  from  the  colony 
prev«nted  this  order  from  being  earned  into 
execution.  A  proclamation  was  issued  to  the 
effect  that  all  persons  appointed  to  offices  during 
the  deposition  of  Bligh  were  ordered  to  be  die- 
placed,  and  all  srants  of  land  made  null  and 
void.  In  a  week  afterwards  another  prodsma- 
tion  was  made,  indemnifying  the  magiatratea, 
gaolers,  and  oonatablee  mm  prosecutions  for 
acts  done  by  them,  they  not  oeing  otherwise 
illegal  than  having  been  performed  by  virtue  of 

£>wem  grantod  by  persons  not  authorised  by 
w  to  grant  them.  When  Governor  Macquarie 
arrived,  Governor  Bligh  was  in  Tasmania,  and 
•a  vessel  was  sent  with  despatehesto  him.  He 
returned  to  Sydney,  and  was  received  with 
honours  due  to  the  rank  of  Commodore.] 

Governor  Macquarie  made  his  first  tour  of  the 
colony,  being  aosent  from  Sydney  about  a 
month.  He  visited  the  Hawkesbury  and 
George's  River,  inspecting  the  farms  and  estab- 
lishing and  naming  the  following  towns  :^ 
Windsor  (called  Green  Hills),  Richmond,  Wil- 
berforce,  Pitt  Town,  and  Castlereagh  and 
Liverpool  on  George's  River.  The  result  of  the 
Governor's  tour  was  that  measures  were  adopted 
for  the  advancement  of  i^iculture  and  pastoral 
pursuits,  and  for  the  distribution  amongst  the 
settlers  of  breeding  cattle  on  reasonable  terms, 
premiums  being  (^ered  for  the  cultivation  of 
oertain  products.  He  started  on  Kovember  6, 
«nd  returned  to  Sydney,  December  23,  1810. 

Governor  and  Mrs.  Macquarie  embarked  for 
Van  Diemen's  Land  (calling  at  Jervis  Bay),  in 
the  schooner  "  Nelson ";  arrived  at  Hobart 
Town,  November  23, 1811 ;  visited  Newcastle 
January  3rd,  and  retomed  to  Sydney,  January 
11,  1812. 

Bathurst  visited  by  Governor  Macquarie,  who 
fixed  upon  the  site  for  a  town,  which  he  named 
in  honour  of  Earl  Bathurst,  Secretary  of  State 
for  the  Colonies,  April  25,  1815. 

Governor  Macquarie's  second  visit  to  Van 
Diemen's  Land,  April  4,  1821. 

Governor,  Mrs.,  and  Master  Macquarie  sailed 
for  England  in  the  ''Surrey,"  Captain  Raine, 
February  12,  1822.  [See  "  Men  of  the  Time," 
IMaequarief  Lachlan).] 

MACQUARIE,  RiVBR,  (native  name,  Wambone), 
N.S.W.,  discovered  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Evans,  Dec- 
•emfoer  7,  1813 ;  explored  by  Oxley,  1818. 

MAGISTRACY.  A  new  Commission  of  the 
Peace  was  issued,  when  thirty-two  of  the  old 
ma^strates  were  left  out,  causing  much  dis- 
satisfaction ;  and  the  Govemor^s  enemies  were 
unremitting  in  their  attacks  on  his  administra- 
tion, and  a  petition  to  Parliament  was  got  up 
by  the  faction  opposed  to  the  Governor,  but  a 
•ODvmter-petition,  sisned  by  5,000  "free  inhabi- 
tants of  the  colony,  was  sent  to  England.  The 
petition  was  prepared  by  Mr.  Wentworth,  and 
it  stated  that  the  petitioners  "feel  it  their 
bonnden  duty  to  record  their  entire  and  cordiid 


approval  of  the  wise,  disintereatod,  liberal,  just, 
paternal,  and  constitutional  policy  which  has 
marked  his  administration":     1836. 

MAGISTRATES.  A  CommiasioD  issued  ap- 
pointing 120  magistntea  for  the  colony  of  Xeir 
South  Walea,  January  1,  1890. 

MAIL  SERVICE,  Steak.    [8ee  Postal.] 

MAITLAND.  A  settlement  was  formed  at 
Maitland  by  eleven  well  behaved  convicts  who 
were  allotted  land  to  cultiyateu  A  fewoihen 
were  located  at  the  Paterson,  eight  or  nins 
miles  oft     1818. 

MAIZE,  FiBsr  Sale  ov.  The  Govenmunt 
maize,  being  the  first  eyvr  adld  in  New  Sooth 
Wales,  September,  1793. 

MANHOOD    SUFFRAGfi,     introduced    iato 

purchased  from  the  settlers  1,200  bashela  of 
Victoxia*  The  first  Padiament  under  its  pn>> 
visions  elected,  October  13,  1859. 

MANNING,  J.  E.,  Registrar  of  tiie  Supreme 
Court,  New  South  Wales,  arrived.  May  6,  1829. 

MANUFACTURES.  Yirtt  attempt  in  tha 
Colony  to  produce  a  textile  fabric,  made,  Apiil, 
1799 ;  three  hundred  yards  of  blanketing  wars 
woven  from  wool,  the  produce  of  previous  yean, 
and  one  hundred  ana  seventy  ^rarda  of  linan 
were  manufactured  from  Colonial  flax,  1801; 
tweed  first  manufactured  in  New  Soatii  Wahs, 
1843;  Fulton  and  Lanfflands  established  the 
first  iron  foundry  in  Meloounie,  1852. 

MANUFACTORIES. 

New  South  Wales. 

In  1877  183  flour  miUs,  of  2,623  h.  p.,  drimg 
382  pairs  of  stones,  were  in  work ;  151  were 
steam,  of  2,529  h.  p.,  8  water,  of  80  h.  d.,  1 
windmill,  of  10  h.  p.,  and  3  were  worked  by 
horse  power,  employing  in  all  623  hands.  The 
total  number  of  works  and  manufactories  of  ail 
kinds  waa  11,911,  of  which  9,233  were  connected 
with  or  dependent  upon  a^pricnlture,  415  vera 
for  working  on  the  raw  material,  the  prodactiaa 
of  the  paatoral  interest,  265  were  for  the  mam- 
f acture  of  feed  of  which  the  raw  material  waa 
not  the  produce  of  agriculture,  688  were  con- 
nected with  the  buifiUnff  interests,  155  wen 
machine  factories,  brass,  lead  and  iron  works ; 
the  remainder  were  of  a  miscellaneous  character. 
Among  them  being  4  chemical  works,  11  gaa 
works,  2  organ  builders,  6  rope  walks,  10  railway 
carriage  works,  13  account-book  factories,  1(M 
boot  uictories,  42  clothing  factories,  140  coach 
and  wag^n  works,  1  glass  sUverins  establish- 
ment, 4  ice  works,  2  kerosene  wonc,  2  paper 
mills,  106  ship  and  boat  yards,  22  smeltins 
works,  and  11  steam  joinery  works.  The  total 
number  of  workpeople  employed  was  23,807^ 
20,590  males  and  3,217  females.  There  are  8 
woollen  factories  employing  207  hands,  the  oat- 
turn  being  271,452  yards  ol  cloth  and  tweeds ; 
33  soap  and  candle  factaries,  employing  15S 
hands,  the  produce  for  the  year  bemg  9i,VS8i 


MAirUFACTORIEeL 


135 


evi  «f  Mwp,  and  36»909  owt  of  omuUm  ; 
kimoDo  hebaaea  (not  aU  si  worik,  with  532 
kadit  who  majiiifactnred  19^1804  cwt.  of  to- 
bioco ;  29  steam  power,  and  34  cattle  power 
■igM  BuUa  (12  of  tMn  not  being  worked),  the 
ngar  manafactured  being  150,744  cwt.,  and 
78,S23  gaUona  and  1«667  tons  of  molaiana,  from 
1,999,560  cwt.  of  cane ;  and  2  sugar  refineries 
teraiog  out  250,653  cwt  of  refined  Bogar.  Durinff 
the  year  150^737  gallons  of  nun  were  distillea 
from  2S,531  cwt.  of  molaases.     1878. 

Hiw  ZBAJuan>.— Thare  are  80  floor  oiilla, 
Mnai  by  l,289i  horse  power,  with  191  pairs  of 
ifeoofls ;  82  brewezies^  employing  432  hands,  and 
191  hacaea,  the  beer  brewed  amounting  to 
iM,402  nllQiia ;  110  flax  mills,  having  187 
drtven  by 


an  aggregate  of  963  norse 
mrer,  principally  water,  4,255^  tons  of  flax 
MB^  Tnannfactnred  in  1873— this  industry  is 
aov  in  a  hMnyiiahing  condition  owing  to  the  low 
price  of  flax  m  the  English  market.  Inaddition 
to  this  there  are  657  manufactories,  works,  &c., 
employing  7,999  male  hands  and  195  female 
hands,  and  machinery  of  the  aggregate  of  4,203 
hone  power.  The  principal  or  these  factories 
ae6  agiicaltaral  implement,  1  basket,  4  biscuit, 
10  bomaff  down  And  meat  preserving,  84  pot- 
teries, 12  candle  and  soap  woi^  19  coach- 
bsildmg,  2  distilleries,  71  fellmongeries  and 
kameries,  6  lomiture,  2  glue,  22  iron  and  brass 
foondriee,  4  cooperage,  17  rope,  cordage,  and 
oat,  162  saw-nuus,  sash  and  door,  20  ship  and 
host  building,  1  varnish,  2  woollen  cloth.  Rail- 
way trucks  are  now  made  in  the  colony,  both  at 
Goretmnent  and  private  works. 

(^tTKEKSLAKP. — ^Thcre  are  in  the  colony  5 
steam  mills  for  grinding  and  dressing  com,  70 
■igar  mills,  37  steam  saw  miUs,  3  cotton  gins, 
15  aoap  works,  4  meat  preserving  establishments, 
12  diatillenes,  4  tobacco  mannfactoriee,  2  steam 
kaeuit  w>Mi«f»i<*nwn«^  1  aaH  works,  20  agricnl- 
tsnd  implanHmt  mannfactones,  4  boiling-down 
ertaWiwhinents,  6  fellmon^^eries,  5  breweries,  42 
cordial  manufactories,  8  bme  kilns,  5  potteries, 
21  iron  and  tin  works,  10  foundries,  33  coach 
ttttories,  8  ooopwBges,  34  printing  ertablish- 

lildmg  yaras,  3  smelt- 


10  diip  and  boatbuilding  yi 
ing  works,  and  numerous  other  works  for  the 
manufacture  of  articles  of  general  requirement. 

SoxJTH  Australia. — ^Among  the  leading  manu- 
fftctoriea  are  43  for  agricultunl  implementi,  3 
for  aoap  and  candles,  20  for  coach  and  carriage 
faaildix^,  6  for  jam,  8  for  boat  building,  1  for 
meat  preserving,  4  for  ship  buildine,  5  for  marble 
p^iflhing,  1  tweed  factory,  13  clothing  factories, 
21  boot  and  shoe  factories,  3  flax  muls,  3  rope 
valkfl,  2  brush  manufactories,  10  biscuit 
bakeries,  4  confectionery  manufactories,  9  dried 
fruits,  and  3  olive  oil  factories.  Among  works 
Bay  be  enomarated  25  breweries,  135  distilleries, 
27  foundries,  8  gas  works,  7  potteries,  31  saw 
Bifls  34  taimeries,  1(K2  wine  presses,  30  soda 
water  manufactories,  and  1  ice  works.  Flour 
mills  are  very  numerous,  there  being,  in  1876, 
101,  contaianig  320  pairs  of  stones,  driven  by 
leiy,  of  the  aggregate  horse-power 


of  1»978L  During  1876,  727,272  gallons  of  wine 
were  manufactured,  and  37,299  gafions  ei^orted. 
Sericulture  is  attracting  considerable  attention, 
and  the  sUk  produced  has  been  pronounced  by 
Marseilles  merchants  to  be  equal  to  any  ever 
wound  by  them.     1878. 

Tasmania. — ^The  climate  of  Tasmania  is 
especially  adapted  to  malting  and  brewing,  and 
alio  to  the  growth  of  hops.  The  Tasmanian 
brewed  ale  is  that  which  is  chiefly  drunk  in  the 
colony,  and  an  export  trade  is  carried  on  with 
New  South  Wales  and  Victoria.  There  are  19 
breweries,  29  tanneries,  6  soap  and  6  candle 
manufactories,  10  jam-boiling  establishments, 
54  saw-mills,  41  agricultural  miplement  works, 
6  brass  foundries,  12  coachbuildmg  factories,  76 
feUmon^ries,  2  iron  smelting  works,  32  steam 
flour  mills,  40  water  mills,  3  potteries,  3  tin 
smelting  works,  and  there  is  aleo  now  one 
manufactory  of  cloths,  tweeds,  blankets,  ftc, 
from  Tasmanian  wool,  which  have  been  stimu- 
lated by  the  oflkr  of  a  bonus  of  £1,000  by 
Parliament.  The  flrm  ofiered  its  first  production 
of  tweeds,  flannels,  &c.,  for  sale  by  auction  in 
August,  1874.  Wool  is  the  principal  product, 
next  to  which  in  importance  are  tin  and  jam, 
1878. 

Victoria. — ^The  number  of  manufactories 
large  and  snuJl,  according  to  the  returns  made 
up  to  March  31,  1878,  is  1,763,  employing  in  the 
ager^gate  27,618  hmids  and  957  engines,  princi- 
pally steam  of  8,636  h.  p.,  the  miMshinery  and 
plant  being  of  the  value  of  £2, 157,(^2,  the  land, 
£1,145,414,  and  the  buildings  £l,795,133--a 
total  of  £5,097,599.  Among  the  industries  are 
manufactories,  foundries,  &c.  :  10  account  books, 
2  oigan  builoing,  8  pianoforte,  40  agricultural 
implement,  8  cutlery,  45  engine  machine,  127 
coaoh  and  waggon,  39  saddle  and  harness,  17  ship 
and  boat,  4  graving  and  floating  docks,  1  patent 
slip,  15  bed£n^,  §6  cabinet  making,  6  looking- 

flass,  20  chemical,  dye,  and  essential  oil  works^ 
fuse,  8  ink  and  blacking,  1  match,  3  blasting 
powder,  142  clothing  and  ooot  and  slioe,  1  jnte» 
2  oilskin,  15  rope  and  twine,  16  meat  preservin|^ 
10  biscuit,  8  confectionery,  8  jam,  3  maizena, 
starch,  &c.,  104  aerated  waten,  11  coffee  and 
spice,  4  sauce  and  pickle,  2  sugar,  13  tobacco 
and  snuffy  6  brush,  3  curled  hair,  3  flodL,  1  glueg 
2  fancy  leather,  38  soap,  candle,  and  tallow,  4 
tar  distiUing  (asphalte),  116  tanneries  and  fell- 
mongeries, 5  distilleries,  13  mahhouses,  2  sugar 
refineries,  4  whip,  8  basket,  11  blind,  1  broom. 
17  cooperage,  3  earth  closet,  2  fancy  box,  150 
moulding,  famine,  and  saw,  2  paint  and  varnish, 
1  paper,  5  paper  oag,  16  gas,  5  glass,  2  stone- 
sawing  and  polishing,  3  ice,  4  antimony  smelting 
1  bcU,  6  electro-plate,  2  fire-proof  safe,  88  iron, 
brass,  and  copper,  61  iron  and  tin  works,  and  8 
wire  working.  During  1877,  145  patents  were 
applied  for,  and  168  articles,  of  which  65  are 
described  under  the  head  of ''  Literary,  Dramatic, 
and  Musical  productions,"  were  copyrighted. 
Meat-preserving  is  also  conducted  on  an  exten- 
sive scale,  and  large  quantities  are  exported  to 
Great  Britain.    A  manufactory  for  the  utiliziiig 


136 


MAORIES—MABBIAGEa 


and  making  of  the  Bkina  of  the  variooB  indigenons 
birda  and  animals  of  the  colony  baa  been  estab- 
lished, also  a  silk  company,  which  has  for  its 
object  the  cultivation  of  silk  and  grain.  Veiy 
large  paper  mills  have  recently  been  opened  near 
Geelong.  The  mills  for  jgrinding  and  dressing 
grain  number  150,  of  which  141  are  driven  by 
steam  and  9  bv  water,  there  being  487  pairs  of 
stones,  operated  in  all  by  2,871  h.  p. ;  estimated 
value  of  machinery  and  plant  is  £225,500.  The 
woollen  mills  are  eight  in  number,  employing  8 
steam-engines  of  530  horse-power.  Tne  cloth, 
tweed,  and  flannel  produced  during  the  year 
ending  March  31,  1878,  was  957,265  yards, 
and  2,984  blankets,  and  2,496  shawls  from 
l,511,5141b8.  of  wool.  The  value  of  the 
machinerv  and  plant  is  £130,871.  The  tanneries 
numbered  116,  employing  37  machines  worked 
by  steam,  32  by  horse-power,  and  47  by  manual 
labour,  the  total  amount  of  horse-power  being 
384,  3,101  pits,  and  having  tanned  during  the 
year  3,309,162  hides  and  skins,  the  leather  pco- 
duced  being  valued  at  £646,968 ;  the  value  of 
plant  and  machinery  was  £81,040.  There  were 
also  in  operation  at  the  same  date  224  brick 
yards  and  potteries,  employing  272  machines  for 
tempering  and  crushing  clay,  and  for  making 
bricks  or  pottery  18  engines  of  101  h.  p. ; 
69,250,400  bricks  were  made  during  the  year,  of 
the  value  of  £145,766,  and  pottery  to  the  vaJue 
of  £27,322,  the  machinery  and  plant  valued  at 
£56,326.  There  are  109  brewenes  in  Victoria ; 
the  beer  brewed  durinsr  1877-78  being  15, 141,835 
gals.,  the  value  of  tne  machinery  and  plant 
employed  beine  £163,216,  and  the  number  of 
hands  employed  being  939,  of  horses  647,  and  of 
drays  ana  waggons  367.  The  jnaterials  used 
during  the  year  were  11,157,151  lbs.  of  sugar, 
1,071,261  bushels  of  malt,  and  1,220,528  lbs.  of 
hops.  There  are  140  stone  quarries  at  work 
employing  7  steam-ennnes  of  58  n.  p.  The  stone 
operated  on  during  the  year  was  212,644  cubic 
yards  of  bluestone,  1,202  of  flagging,  7,173  of 
sandstone,  900  of  granite.  The  approximate 
value  of  stone  raised  was  £48,015,  tne  value  of 
machinery  and  plant  £13, 130.     1877-8. 

Western  Australia. — The  manufacturers  in 
the  colony  are  few.  They  consist  of— one  soap 
factory,  nve  water  and  twenty-three  steam 
flour-millB,  two  water  and  eight  steam  saw-mills, 
and  thirteen  mills  worked  by  horse-power,  also 
four  tanneries,  one  smelting  works,  three 
breweries,  two  iron  foundries,  two  coach  factories, 
and  a  bone-crushing  mill.  A  salt  factory  is 
being  worked  at  Rottnest  Island  by  the  Oovem- 
ment.  A  European  superintendent  conducts 
the  works,  whicn  are  supplied  with  labour  from 
the  native  penal  establishment  situated  on  the 
island.  Two  very  successful  breweries  are  also 
at  work  in  Perth.     1878. 

MAORIES. 

The  aboriginal  natives  of  New  Zealand, 
supposed  to  be  of  Malayan  oricpn,  and  to 
have  peopled  these  islands  about  we  fifteenth 
oentu^.    There  are  in  New  Zealand  about  60 


Native  Schools  under  the  auspioes  of  the  Govern- 
ment, in  which  about  1,500  children  are  in- 
structed; the  girls  are  also  taught  domestic 
duties. 

The  number  of  Maorie»  was  estimated  at 
2,000,000  in  1835. 

The  Maori  population  consisted  of  18  tribcB, 
and  the  number  45,470—24,363  males,  20,335 
females,  and  772  persons  whose  sex  were  not 
indicated  in  the  returns,  January  1,  1876. 

Massacres  by.  The  Maories  of  New  Zealand 
attacked  the  settlers  of  Mallewherowhero  Dis- 
trict, committing  dreadful  atrocities  amongst 
them.  They  massacred  about  thirty  Europeans, 
including  women  and  children  who  could  not 
get  away.  They  also  butchered  Major  Briggs, 
Captain  Wilson,  Lieutenant  Walsh,  Messrs. 
Dodd,  Poppard,  Nairn,  McCuUoch,  Coddle,  and 
Hedbury  who  were  in  one  party,  besides  twenty 
of  the  friendly  natives,  some  of  whom  were 
dreadfully  mutilated,  November  1868.  [See, 
New  Zealand.] 

MARKETS. 

The  usual  prices  given  at  Sydney  for 
ffrain  and  live  stock: —  Wheat  lOs.  per 
bushel ;  maize  7s.  Live  stock  :  The  value  ol  a 
Cape  ewe  was  £6  to  £8  8s. ;  a  she  soat  £8  Ss. ; 
a  full  grown  hog,  £3  10s. ;  an  English  cow  was 
sold  for  £80.  1794. 

First  Public  Market  established  in  the 
Colony,  at  the  southern  end  of  George-street, 
Sydney,  October  20,  1810. 

A  fair  and  market  established  at  Parramatta, 
New  South  Wales,  December,  1810. 

MARRL46E.  First  in  Port  Phillip  took  place 
April  30, 1837. 

Endowment  on.  The  practice  of  bestowing 
two  square  miles  of  the  public  lands  on  eacE 
native-bom  young  lady  on  the  occasion  of  her 
marriMpe,  estabhwed  in  tiie  Settlement  of  New 
South  Wales,  January,  1829. 

MARRIAGE  BILL.  Marriage  with  Deceased 
Wife's  Sister  Bill  of  South  AustraUa  received 
the  Royal  assent  and  became  law,  June  1S71> 
[See  Deceased  Wife's  Sister.] 

MARRIAGES  in  Australia  BVRiNa  1876  :- 

New  South  Wales        *.®J 

New  Zealand              ^JJJ 

Queenaland . .              }ȣ 

Bouth  Australia           ^fj. 

Iksmanla    ..               ,^ 

Victoria                       *.JJ 

Western  AustraUa      __^ 

Grand  Total      ..  l«k*8 

DiSTiNOUiSHED.  Mrs.  Putland,  daughter  of 
Governor  Bligh,  married  in  Sydney  to  Lien* 
tenant  Sir  Maurice  O'Connell,  73rd  Regt.,  May 
3,  1810. 

Hon.  (now  Sir)  Edward  Deaa- Thomson 
married  in  Sydney  to  Anna  Maria,  8e<^ 
daughter  of  Governor  Sir  Richard  Bourke,  1833* 


MARTIAL  LAW— MELBOURNK 


137 


Sir  Henry  Barkly»  Governor  of  Victoria, 
flamed,  at  Melbourne,  to  the  only  daughter  of 
Mftjor-General  Sir  lliomaa  Simpeon  Pratt, 
1860. 

Mr.  Charles  Bright  married  in  Melbourne,  to 
Anna  Maria  Georgina  Manners  Sutton,  daughter 
ofVisoonnt  Canterbury,  1868. 

Sir  James  Ferguson,  Governor  of  New 
Zealand,  married  to  Olive,  youngest  daughter  of 
John  Henry  Bichman,  Esq.,  of  South  Australia^ 
1873. 

Earl  Donoughmore  married  at  Hobart  Town 
to  a  Tasmanian  lady.  Miss  Isabdle  Stephens, 
daughter  of  Colonel  Stephens,  May  19,  1874. 

Captain  Stirling,  R.N.,  A  B.C.  to  tiie  (^een, 
mamedto  Helen  Cecilia,  daughter  of  Sir  £. 
Deas-Thomson,  and  grand-daughter  of  Sir 
Richard  Bourke,  Julv  15,  1874. 

Korah  Augusta,  daughter  of  His  Excellency 
Sir  Hercules  Bobinson,  the  Governor  of  New 
Sooth  Wales,  married  to  Mr.  A.  K.  Finlay, 
Angurt  7,  1878. 

Lord  Henry  Phipps,  third  son  of  Marquis  of 
Nonnanby  to  Norma  Leith  Hay,  second  daughter 
of  Mr.  James  Leith  Hay  at  Ipswich,  QueensLand, 
November  21,  1878. 

MABTIAL  LAW.  Great  convict  insurrection  at 
Cutle  Hill,  martial  law  proclaimed  March  5 ; 
repealed  March  9,  1804 ;  niartial  law  proclaimed 
in  consequence  of  attacks  by  blacks  at  Bathurst. 
500  acres  of  land  offered  for  the  capture  of 
"Saturday,"  the  aboriginal  ringleader,  August 
5, 1824 ;  martial  law  proclaimed  at  Taraiudu, 
New  Zealand,  February  23,  1860. 

MARYBOBOUGH,  Qxteensulnd,  established 
February  2,  1861;  first  Circuit  Court,  held 
April  2,  18^ ;  proclaimed  a  municipality  March 
23, 1861. 

MASSACBES. 

Beport  reached  Port  Hunter,  Duke  of 
York  Group,  that  a  few  da^s  previously 
a  number  of  Wesleyan  mission  agents 
at  New  Britain  had  been  killed  and  eaten  by 
the  natives.  An  expedition  of  friendly  natives, 
under  the  Bev.  G.  Brown,  the  originator  and 
head  of  the  missions,  some  ten  days  later 
attacked  and  killed  a  number  of  the  men  con- 
cemed  in  the  murder,  and  burnt  several  villages, 
April  8,  1878. 

Crew  of  the  schooner  Marian  Benny  was 
maasacred  at  the  Solomon  Islands,  omy  one 
escaped,  January,  1868. 

HAYOBS  OF  Australian  Cities.  [See  Muni- 
cipal,] 

ifKEAN,  Hon.  James.  Member  of  the 
legislative  Assembly  of  Victoria,  expelled  from 
the  House,  for  alleging  in  a  Police  Court  that 
the  Members  were  drank  most  of  their  time, 
were  a  disgrace  to  their  country,  and  not  com- 
petent to  deal  with  public  affairs,  July  27, 
1876. 

MEASLES,    [^ee  Efidkuic.] 


MEAT,  Pbeservation  ov. 

Sizar  Elliott  started  meat  preserving  in  Sydney 
(the  first  of  the  kind)  which  had  some  commer- 
cial success,  1846. 

Bamornie  Meat  Preserving  Company  estab- 
lished, 1866. 

Melbourne  Meat  Preserving  Company  estab- 
lished, 1867. 

Opening  of  the  Goulbum  Meat  Preserving 
Company^  Works  celebrated  by  a  luncheon  on 
the  meats  preserved  by  the  company,  January 

12,  1871. 

Sydney  Meat  Preserving  Company  established 
1872. 

A  large  sum  of  money  subscribed  in  Mel- 
bourne to  test  Harrison's  method  of  preserving 
meat,  May  18,  1873. 

Mr.  Thomas  Mort  entertained  300  gentlemen  at 
Idthgow,  on  beef,  mutton,  and  pigeons,  which  had 
been  Killed  18  months  previously.  Sept  2,  1875. 

Mr.  James  Manning  spent  many  thousands  of 
pounds  experimenting  in  meat  preserving, 
1866-8. 

MEETINGS.  First  public  meeting  ever  held 
in  New  South  Wales,  its  object  being  to  raise 
funds  to  build  a  gaol,  June  17,  1799 ;  fint  public 
meeting  held  in  the  Court  House,  Sydney,  to 
petition  the  Kiujg  and  Parliament  for  the 
privileges  inherent  in  ever^  British  community — 
Taxation  by  representation,  or  a  House  of 
Assembly,  May  29,  1835. 

MELBOUBNE,  Victobia. 

First  settled,  Auffust,  1835. 

Melbourne  named,  March,  1837. 

Post-office  opened,  Ausust  12,  1841. 

Savinfls'  Bank  established,  September  1, 1841. 

First  Coroner  (Dr.  Wilmot)  appointed,  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1841. 

Foundation-stone  of  Presbyterian  Church, 
Melbourne,  laid  January  22,  1842. 

Melbourne  incorporated  [iS^ee  Municipal]  July 
20,  1842. 

Mr.  Condell  elected  first  Mayor,  December  9, 
1842. 

Boundaries  of  Melbourne  proclaimed,  March 

13,  1843. 

Melbourne  Hospital  founded,  January,  1846. 

The  Argus  first  issued,  June  2,  1846. 

Melbourne  Hospital  opened,  July  15,  1847. 

Melbourne  formed  into  a  separate  bishopric, 
1847. 

Great  flood  in  Melbourne,  November  28, 1849. 

Public  meeting  held  for  the  purpose  of  estab- 
lishing gas  worha,  August  28,  1850. 

Prince's  Bridge  across  the  Yarra  Yarra  opened 
with  great  ceremony,  November  12,  1850. 

First  sod  turned  for  the  Yarra  Yarra  embank- 
ment, Melbourne  Water  Supply,  December  20, 
1853. 

The  Age  established  October  17,  1854. 

Public  librarv  erected,  July  3,  1855. 

Yan  Yean  Waterworks  opened  by  Major- 
General  Macarthur,  January  1,  1858. 

Memorial-stone  of  Melbourne  Town  Hall  laid 
by  H.  B.  H.  Prince  Alfred,  November  29,  1867. 


MEI^VHiLK  laLAKD^lfflSnOHOAG Y. 


t» 


Town  Hall,  MeUxnnaB^  opnad  Anfftmb  9^ 
1870. 

Clook  preMnted  ioihe  Town  Hall  by  W.  T. 
CondeU,  son  of  the  first  Mayor,  1873. 

£iiBt  ahade-treea  planted  m  GoilinB-flttrett  bj 
the  Mayor,  Mr.  James  Gatehouse^  May  2^ 
1875. 

Victoria  Arcade,  Boorke-street,  opened,  Nov. 
25,  187& 

FJMfc  election  of  Hagfaonr  Trmt  Cammiwioneri 
under  the  Melbourne  Harbour  Tnut  Act  of 
1876,  March  30,  1877. 

Fonndation-flitone  of  tiiia  Eaafeem  Market  laid 
by  Councillor  Pigdon,  Mayor  of  Melbourne^ 
May  9»  1878.    l£ke  Poet  Philup.] 

MKLVILLE  ISLAND.  Melville  Island  Settle- 
ment,  at  the  mouth  of  Van  Diemen'a  Gulf, 
founded  by  Captain  Bremer,  in  H.  M.S.  'fTamar, 
November  1,  1824.  [It  consisted  of  126  people, 
who  erected  a  stockade  at  Fort  Dundas  in 
Apaly's  Strait^  but  abandoned  it,  March  31, 
1829.] 

MERCHANDISE.  Ten  ships  freighted  with 
Colonial  produce  left  Sydney  tor  En^and,  1821. 

MEBCUBY  BAY.  The  Transit  of  Mercury 
observed  by  the  astronomer,  Mr.  Green,  at  a 
place  named  in  conaaquence  Mercury  Bay,  No- 
vember 9,  1869. 

METEOROLOGY. 

Awful  storm  of  wind  and  xain  at  Norfolk  iBlmd ;  Imh* 
pines  180  to  200  feet  in  height  and  20  to  30  feet  in  cir- 
cumference blown  to  the  gnnmd,  Febmaiy  SA,  1796. 

An  extraordinary  phtnuMBon  ofasenred  hi  the  Hew 
South  Wales  settlemaat.  An  . 
Itself  in  the  north-west  about  duric  in  the  evening 
which  hsd  the  resembhuioe  of  a  rtt^  of  foriced  Ught- 
ning.  It  remained  the  whole  thne  atatloDaiy,  hwunir 
five  minutes,  1798. 

Heavy  hailstorm  or  fill  of  ice  on  the  Hawkasbniy. 
The  produce  of  four  farms  completely  destroyed; 
some  of  the  l^ioaen  flakes  found  on  the  seooad  day  8 
inches  in  length,  JOeoonber.  1786. 

Severe  hulstorm.  Many  oi  the  stones  (6  inches  in 
drcnmf erence)  killing  the  poulti^'  and  knocking  down 
lambs.  Hay  14, 1708. 

Two  seamen  killed  by  lightning  on  board  the  "  Atlantic" 
in  Sydney  Cove,  UBO& 

Heavy  hailstoTm— did  much  damage  to  crops  at  the 
Hawkeabury,  September24, 1806. 

Severe  hailstorm  10  milss  from  S^dMy.  Some  of  the 
stones  litsfally  flakes  of  ioeaad  8  mehea  drcumferanoe. 
January  18, 1£1S. 

A  hailstorm  visited  Sydn^,  one  of  the  severest  ever 
sxpertenced  in  the  ocriony.  It  set  in  about  2  p.m.,  and 
in  lea  than  It  nUnutet  it  demolished  nearly  the 
whole  of  the  glass  windows  in  the  town  and  destooyed 
the  gardens.    1814. 

l^Brriflc  haOstonn  in  Kew  South  W.^es,  Fehmsry  17, 
1828. 

Agnat  stonn  passed  over  the  district  of  Froepect  and 
toe  Pennant  Hills.  It  was  accompanied  by  thunder, 
lightning,  and  hail ;  and  so  great  was  the  fsll  of  the 
maoB  that  it  was  10  feet  in  some  parts  of  the  low 
noimds.  Four  days  aftsmwds  a  piece  of  ioe  was 
found  still  12  inches  in  circumference.    1824. 

The  most  violent  storm  of  wind  and  hail  ever  known  in 
New  South  Wales,  Januanr  11, 1829. 

Heavy  fall  of  snow  in  Sydney,  lasting  half  aa  hour, 
between  8  and  0  a^m.,  Jime  i&,  1880. 

A  great  comet  first  seen  in  JXem  South  Wales,  Uardi  4, 
184S. 

House  unroofed  in  Melbonme  doing  a  tomadefran  the 
JiDxth,  Blafanisty  U,  IMi, 


at  HdboinM^ 


t,duitii«M  ami  bat 

][aaehl,186& 
Gteat  oomet,  taO   of  SO  dagrse^ 

March  S,1Sn. 
Great  oomet  seen  In  Melbourne,  April  8,  ISBS. 
Teniflc  hsolstorm  at  Bdabane,  October  20, 18fiA. 
Isrgt  oomet  aeoi  in  Tletoria,  Mbj  18, 188L 
^Rvanesc  imhk  ever  FsanMU  m 

C.  Russell,  GoveEDflMat 

106'8'deg.,  waa  on  januaiy  6, 18B. 
Gnatatonn  hi  New  South  Walsi^  July  12, 1808. 
^iBRlfle  gale— thsee  pOot  boats  upaet  and  right Dnslntf 

eufesideflyda^y  Hsad^  July  »,  IMT. 
7%e  greatest  heat  ezpenenced  in  Adelaide,  in  the  ria^ 

was  UJI'5,  in  Jaauaiy,  1807.     The  grealsst  best  in 

Adelaide,  in  the  son,  was  164«,  hi  Jsnuarr,  UTOi 
Onat  qjrdoiie  at  Townsvffle,  QiinonnlaTiri,  Mrauy  !!, 

187».  _  _ 

Ctasat  stocin  sit  Cfydney,  attended  with  loss  of  Itts^  Vo- 

vsmberO,  18710. 
^eat  stonn^lhansBia,  JvSt  28,  187L  _ 

lAr]g8  moteoiits  disoofersd  by  Mr.  HlMBBe  Bebsrtna 

on  the  Barratta  ran,  near  DanHtnuin  ;  weight,  2e«i. 

April  0,18n.  Deadibedlv  Arehi^id  Uvenidge,  Eiq.. 

before  Royal  Sodsiy,  Sydney,  M^y  22. 187L 
Gnat  gate  at  AuekbuMi,  New  tsahmd.  Hay  90,  IBTl 
Htaavy  gate  in  Sydney  fmn  the  eaetward,  with  run,  Miv 

2, 1875. 
Remarkabte  waterroout  observed  near  Invenll  QakBi 

town  of  N  8.  W.),  Hay  «,  16IB. 
BsKvy  •tosawen  tbeeoastoC" 

28,1S7&. 

Destractive  hailstorm  in  TWonania,  Januaiy  28, 187& 
Fesrful  tornado  at  Bowen,  Qneemland,  Febnarj  1% 

1S7& 
Heaviest  gales  «a  record  on  the  AnslnUan  eosst   Oa 

Smiday  nioht  (10th)  the  whidebtaioedthe  rvnszkshlt 

velod^  of  1S5  miles  per  hour,  September  10,  ISZft. 

flha  ^'Dandenong"  was  lost  hi  this  gale.] 
The  S.S.  "Olty  of  Melbourae**  on  pansiffn  to  MelboaiM 

was  eaqght  in  this  gate  off  Jervis  Bay,  and  zaoehanoi 

to  the  value  of  itao,000  w«e  iMt. 
A  terrible  hurricane  oocuxred  at  the  I«dpede  UiBd% 

February  18, 1877. 
Severe  hurricane  devastaHed  the  Gtenfell  distriot  in  Vtm 

South  Wales,  November  27, 1877. 
GBBatsat  heat  evM*  rq^istsnd  hi  New  SoBth  WsK 

Brewaxzina  (aooocding  to  Mr.  Colin  C.  nisv,  of 

Milroy\  the  glass  showing  127  6ag.  0n  the  8a)aod 

IM  der.  (hi  the  shade),  was  on  Jannaiy  18, 1878. 
Extraordinary  fall  of  ram  in  Sydney,  nearly  8  faicdMifat 

24  hours.      Heavy   rains  very  general  throoglicat 

Riverina.    February  6, 1878. 
Extraordinary  meteor  of  unusual  sixe  seen  shout  3  p.nL 

in  New  South  Wates  and  Victoria^  June  8, 1B7& 
Bxtraordinary  shower  of  su^hur  at  Waimambool,  Tl> 

toria,  September  16, 1878. 
The  avessge  minfUl  hi  AdateMe,  South  ABslnlla,far 

98yearB  wa8  21-lfi6  hMhsa.    Gnatost  ndnhU  hi  IdSU 

when  30*003  inches  fell;  least  sainfall  was  in  1881^ 

when   14760    indies  felL     The  avenge  tainCiIl  hi 

Palmeraton,   Northern  tendtaiy,  fbr  six  ycais  ml 

68*268  inrhesL 

L— Tn  GBBAiavRAomsui  or  omb  Pu. 
New  South  Walee,  at  South  Head,  October  Ifi, 

isu        goa^Bfl^ 

Sydney  Observatory,  February  2S.  1873. .         8-flO     ^^^ 
victoria— The  rescuts  published  do  not  contain  the  a4f 

amottuts. 
South  Australia— Not  published, 
tj^ueensland— Not  paMkhed. 

II.— GRXATBST    RADfTALL  RIOOBDID  IK  OKB  TIUI. 

KewSouthWalss  ..        ..  1860  STSlhidMB. 

Queensknd 1870  79*00    « 

South  AuslnUa  . .  1875  . .       81*46    h 

▼tetotia        Itift  i4*26    » 


in.— Lbaot  RUMMIOi 

New  South  Watos  ..        ..    1849 
Queensland  ..  ..    1886 

1809 
..    iM6 


n 


South  Australia 
Victoria 


kTbab. 

21^ 
24-11 
13-85 
161M 


M 
M 


MJTJ.TTAftY—Tlirngi'.Tt  A  TA 


13ft 


Lav  OP 


t9 
M 


>f 


Oomet 
Comet 


EndEs's  Oamat 

IV.  .. 

t  .. 

L  .. 

IV.  .. 

of  .. 

of  .. 

I.  .. 
n.    .. 

BL     .. 
VI     .. 

m.   .. 

»»    **• 

Encke'f  Comet 
Comet  IIL  .. 
Comet  II.     .. 

BMxe*  Ooniet 
Comet  III. 


a  Bnr  Baum  W, 

1822 
1824 
1816 


>t 


» 


Gomet 
Bnraiii'i  Comet 
A  tew  of  the  %bo^  fUk 
VictoriiL 


U3S 
ISM 
1848 
1853 
186S 
1868 
1880 

ua 

1862 
1802 
1864 
1866 
1866 
1874 
1876 
1878 
1879 
ben  eleo  obeened 


in 


[Set  Hkat.] 

MUJTAKY. 

The  "Snrpnse."  "Neptone,"  and  "Soar- 
^■00^*'  (tmnnort),  anived  with  New  South 
Wales  corps,  tfterwards  102nd  Regiment  or 
"oondenmed  regiment,  "June,  1790. 

Ueutenant-Grovemor  Francis  Grose  arrived  in 
tk  "  Pitt,"  with  the  remainder  of  the  New 
Smfth  Wales  Corpa,  Deoember  10,  1792. 

Dawes'  Battery,  at  Svdnev  (N.S.W.),  eraoted 
hy  Lieatenant  Dawes,  March,  1798. 

Lieatenant-Colonel  Patterson  returned  to  take 
esmmaod  of  tiie  New  South  Wales  Gffirps, 
1799. 

Mew  South  Wales  Corps  raduoed  to  a  peace 
footing.     1803. 

The  New  South  Wales  Corps,  or  102nd  Begi- 
Bent,  embarked  for  England  in  the  **  Hindoi- 
tvi,"  April  17,  1810. 

Tifst  detachment  73rd  Beonneot  embaxked 
for  Ceylon  on  board  the  **  Ean  Spencer,"  Jann- 
My  26,  1814. 

The  "Windham"  aarrired  with  the  Head 
ikuffters  of  the  4Ath  Regiment,  camnuuided  by 
lienteiiant-Colonel  Malle,  Februaiy  7, 1814. 

Hie  Head  Qnarten  of  the  73rd  Rttiment, 
vitii  Identenant  and  Lady  O^Connell,  embarked 
for  Ceylon  on  board  the  "General  Hewitt," 
March  20,  1814. 

Third  division  of  the  73rd  Regiment  em- 
barked for  Ceylon  with  lieutemmt-Cblonel 
Oeib,  April  2,  1814. 

Mditary  Barracks,  Lower  George-street,  Syd- 
ney) completed.  May,  1815. 

The  Head  Quarters  of  the  43rd  Regiment 
ttrivsd  with  the  '*  MstUda  "  to  relieve  the  40th 
under  the  oomnumd  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ers- 
tine,  August  9,  1816. 

Captain  James  Wallace,  of  the  40th  Regiment, 
ttstaoned  at  Newcastle  (N.S.W.),  1871. 

Kajor  Qeoiffe  Dmitt,  48th  Begt.,  appointed 
ddef  commasBoer  of  the  Military  EDgmeering, 
M19. 

Head  Quarfcea  of  the  3rd  Buffs  aniTed  in  tiie 
"Couunodore  Hayes,"  Ar^gurt  29, 1823. 


.  Ae  Boyal  Vtatoraa  Compaay*  the  name  under 

which  were  embodied  aa  a  local  eofpa  those 
officers  and  sddiers  of  the  old  102itA  Regiment 
or  new  corps  who  chose  to  remain  in  the  oolong 
after  that  regiment  was  reealled  fior  the  part  it 
had  taken  in  tibe  arrest  of  (iU)vemor  Bligh,  was 
disbanded,  and  informed  tikiat  they  would  be 
conveyed  hmne  at  GrovenuneBt  expense.  Sep- 
tember 24,  1823.  [Only  four  availeia  tiienselves 
of  the  offior  of  the  Grovemment ;  Hxe  rest  remained 
n  the  ookmy,  and  received  ffrants  dl  land.] 

The  48th  Regiment  embarked  for  Madras, 
March  5,  1824. 

Colonel  Thornton  and  Captain  Co^^iill,  with 
Head  QuarteDS  of  40th  JUmmtmi,,  arrived  intha 
"  Mayles,"  October  27,  18247 

Head  Quarters  of  the  9td  Regiment  of  Bnffi^ 
under  Colonel  Stewart,  embarked  at  Sydni^y  far 
England,  November  28,  1827. 

Captain  Wright,  of  H.M.  39th  Regiment, 
tried  for  the  alli^g;ed  murder  of  a  i>ri8oner  named 
Clinch,  at  Norfolk  Uand.  acquitted,  October 
9,  1829. 

Recruiting  for  the  anny  first  commenoed  in 
New  South  Wales,  April  1,  1839. 

A  despatch  received  in  New  South  Walaa 
from  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  the  effect  that 
the  charge  of  the  future  providing  and  main- 
taining  a  military  force  in  the  cohmy  must  ba 
undertaken  bv  the  colonists,  otherwise  the 
military  would  be  wi^drawn.     1 850. 

A  company  of  the  40th  R^.  was  monnted 
and  equipped  as  light  cavalry  u>r  bush  service, 
and  was  employed  in  the  escort  of  treasure  from 
the  various  ^Id-fields,  May,  1853. 

British  Military  Forces  withdrawn  from  AnB» 
tndia  :  from  Victoria,  1870 ;  from  New  Sonth 
Wales,  Auffost,  1870. 

Vote  of  £20,000,  PfMMd  in  the  Assembly,  on. 
the  motion  of  the  Colonial  Secretary,  for  two 
companies  of  artillery  and  two  companies  e{ 
infantry,  May  25,  1871. 

ISee  VoLumxERS.] 
MINERAI^,  Liflrr  of,  fouitd  m  Avstrjoja.  : — 


Actinolite 
Adamantine  Sfiar 
Adolaria 
AgalmatoHte 


AUrito 

Alum 

Amethyst 

Amianthus 

Amphibole 

Anaicime 

Anatase 

Andalusite 

Anrlesite 

Anhydrous 
cates 

Anthradto 

Antimonite 

Antimony,  Native 

Antimony  Oxide 

AntJmonMJ   Cop- 
per Ore 

Antimony 
phide 

Apatite 

Aiieentite,  Silver 
Sulphide 


Sul- 


Amgonite 

Arsenic,  NatlvB 

Arsenical  Pyriftas 

Asbromstus 

Asteria 

Atacamite 

Augite 

Amite 

Barklylte 

Barytes 

BelimetalOre 

Berjl 

Bismuth,  Native 

Bismuthito 

Bitumen,  Bhstfe 

Blende 

Bog-butter 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  U* 

monite 
Bomite 

Brick  Clay 
Brooklte 
Brown  Osal,  Lig- 
nite 
Gacholong 
Caimgorum 
OMdte 


Cornelian 


Cerussite 

Cervantite 

Chabasite 

Chalcedonv 

Chalcopymes 

Chalootriohlts 

ChalyUte 

Chert 

ChisiteHte 

Chlorite 

dutmlte,  Glmaie 

Iron 
ChryeoiMCTl 


ChryaoUte 

Cinnabar 

Clays 

Coal,  Common 

nite 
„    Cannel 
,.    Anthracite 

Cobalt,  Oxide 

Condurrito 

Copper,  Nirttvs 


uo 


MINERAL  STATISnOS— MINE& 


»* 


ft 


Oopper  Black  Ozide,Ir(m,  Soorodite  Fbannakoalderite 

Tonarite  „    Spathic  Fboephacalcito 

„    Bed  Oxide,  „    Specular  Picrolite 

Cuprite  i.    Sulphide  -  Plakodine 

„    Chlcnide,  „    Titanifarous  PlatiDum 

Atacamite  Iron-orea  Plecnaate 

BlueCkrbo-  „     Brown  Plumbaj[o 

nate,Chea-  „     Magnetic  Porcelain  day, 

aylite  Isenne  Kaolin 

Green  Oar-  Jamesonlte  Prehnite 

bonate,lfa<-  Jai^oon  Pyritea,  Iron 

lachite  Jasper  „       Maicaaaite 

„    Gr^     Sul-  „     Blbbon  „       Haenetlc 

phlde,Cop-  Jet  Pyromorphite 

perGlanoe  Kampylite  Pyroxene 

„    Pyritea  Kaolm  Pyrrhotine 

„    Purple,  Bor-  Keroeene  Shale  Quarts 

nite  Kupfemickel  Quicksilver 

Oopper-nldcel  Kupfennanganers  Redruthite 

Ck>rundum  Kyanite  Resinite 

Ciq>rite  Laumonite  Rock-crystal 

Cyanite,  Kyanite  Lead,  Native  Ruby,  Oriental 

C^rmophane  „     Araeniate  „     Spinelle 

Delesaite  „     Carbonate  RutUe 

Diallage  „     Molybdate  SahUte 

Diamond  „     Oxide,  Red  Salt,  Common 

Disthene  Lead  Saponite 

J)<»neykite  „     Phosphate  Sapphire 

Earthy  Minerals  „     Sulphate  Scheelite 

Eisenkieael  „     Sulphide,  Schorl 

Elaterite  Glance  Soolezite,  Skoledte 

Emerald  Lignite  Soorodite 

Emery  Lime,  Carbonate  Selenite 

Epidote  „      Phosphate  Serpentine 

Epaomite  „     Sulphate  Slderite 

FIfthlerz  Lydianstone  Silica 

Felspar,  Common  Magneaia,  Carbon-  Silidfied  Wood 

„      Glaa«y  ate  Silver,  Native 

Figtire-stone  „       Sulphate       „     Antimonial 

Fire-day  Magnesite  „     Sulphide 

Floe-feni  Magnetite  Smaragdite 

Fluor-spar  Magnetic  Pyrites  Soapstone 

Galena  Malachite  Soda,  Carbonate 

Garnet  Manganese  Sodium,  Chloride 

Gems  Marble  Specular  Iron  Ore 

Giraaol  Marcassite  Sphnrosiderlte 

Gmelinite  Maimolite  Snene 

Gold  Meerschaum  Spinelle 

Gtetheite  MelaooniteTenoriteSpodumene 

Graphite  Menaccanite  Staurolite 

Green  Earth  Mercury,  Native  Steatite 

^rpsum  Mercury,  Sulphide  Stilbite 

J^ematite  Cinnabar  Strontianite     > 

Halloysite  Meeotype  Sulphur 

Hauyne  Mica  TUc 

Heavy-spar  Mineral  Wax  Tellurium,  Native 

Herscheiite  Mimetite  Tenorite 

Hornblende  Minium  Tetrahedrite 

Hyacinth  Mispickle  Tin-ore 

Hyalite  Molybdenite  Titanium 

Hydrous  Silicates  Moonstone  Topaa 

Hypersthene  Muller's  Glass,  Torbanite 

lee-spar  Hyalite  Tourmaline 

Ilmenite  Muscovite  TraverUne,    Fresh- 

Iridium  Natron  water  Limestone 

Iron,  Native  Nepheline  Tremolite 

„    Brown   He-  Nickel,  Arsenides  Tungsten 

matite  Nigrine  Wad 

„    Carbonate  Olivenite  Wavellite 

„    Chromate  Olivine  Websterite 

„    Limonite  Oolitic  Limestone  WiUiamsite 

„    Phannaoosi-  Opal  Wolfram 

derite  Orthodase  Wood  Opal 

„    Phoq)hale  Osmo-iridium  Wulfenite 

„    Magnetic  py-  Oiokerite  Zeolites 

ntes,Pyrr-  Pectolite  Zinc-blende 

hotine  Peridot  Zircon 
„    Pyrites 

MINEBAL    STATISTICS    of    Australasia. 

GOLD. 

New  Soath  Wales,  to  December  31,  1878 : 
8,846,990  0Z8. 
Victoria,  to  Dec.  31,  1878 :  48,012,670  ozb. 


Qaeenslaad,  to  December  31,  1878  :  2,993,482 

OZB. 

South  Australia,  to  December  31,  1877'- 
7,508  oasB. 

Tasmania,  to  December  31,  1878  :  66,510  ozb. 

New  Zealand,  to  December  31,  1877: 
8,648,966  ozs. 

GOAL. 

New  South  Wales,  to  December  31,  1877: 
17,481,197  tons,  and  137,299  tons  shale. 

Queensland,  to  December  31,  1877  :  484,115 
tons. 

SILVEK. 

New  Soath  Wales,  to  December  31,  1878: 
494,942  ozs. 

Victoria,  to  December  31 :  1878,  127,539  ozs. 

Queensland,  to  December  31,  1877  :  279  ozs. 

New  Zealand,  to  December  31,  1877 :  317,936 
ozs. 

South  Australia,  to  December  31,  1877:  i 
tons  ore. 

TIN. 

New  South  Wales,  to  December  31,  1878: 
29,874  tons  ingots ;  12,080  tons  ore. 

Victoria,  to  December  31,  1877  :  4,196  tons 
10  cwt.  ore. 

Queensland,  to  December  31,  1877 :  17,(H2 
tons. 

Tasmania,  to  December  31,  1878  :  16,656  tons. 

South  Australia,  to  December  31,  1877 :  7  tons 
13  cwt. 

COPPER. 

New  South  Wales,  to  December  31,  1878: 
25,060  tons  ingots  ;  22,713  tons  ore. 

Victoria,  to  December  31,  1877 :  2,641  toiu 
ore. 

Queensland,  to  December  31,  1877 :  82,955 
tons. 

South  Australia,  to  December  31,  1877— 
value  £18,000,000 :  121,504  tons  metal ;  419,572 
tons  ore ;  2,215  tons  regulus. 

ntON. 

New  South  Wales,  to  December  31,  1878: 
about  9,466  tons. 

Victoria,  to  December  31,  1871  :  valne£2,lll. 

South  Australia,  to  December  31,  1877 :  444 
tons. 

MINES. 

Hon.  J.  B.  Humffray,  first  Comnussioner  for 
Mines  in  Victoria,  1860. 

Department  of  Mines  established  in  Victons, 
1870. 

Mining  Department,  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  estab- 
lished by  Act  of  Parliament;  Hon.  James 
S.  Famell,  first  Minister ;  Mr.  Harrie  Wood, 
from  School  of  Mines,  Ballarat,  Victoria, 
specially  chosen  first  Under-Secretary.  1874. 

Dbkpxbt  Mdoes.  The  deepest  mines  in  Ans- 
tralia  are  some  gold  mines  m  Victoria.  The 
depth  of  the  Ms^dala  shaft  is  2,032  feet;  the 
Newington  and  Pleasant  Creek  is  1,940  feet»  and 
the  Prmce  Patrick  1,530  feet 


MINISTEIBS. 


141 


In  New  South  Wales  the  deepest  mine  in 
vbich  payable  gold  has  been  obtained  is  at 
Adelonff.  Government  offered  £1,000  for  pay- 
able gMd  at  800  feet,  and  the  reward  was 
obtained  by  the  Adelong  Mining  Co.,  who 
obtained  gold  at  a  depth  of  816  feet,  1877. 

Lot  or  Coffer  Mines  in  South  Australia  : — 

The  Kftfqnftdit  Mine.    This  is  the  oldest  mine  in  the 

coloDy,  hftTinir  been  discovered  in  184S  by  Mr.  F.  8. 

Datum  and  Mr.  Charles  a  Bagot.    The  first  ore  was 

laisBd  on  the  8th  January,  1844. 
The  Korknlto  Min& 
The  BorraBurra  Mine.  This  mine  wasdiscovered  May  19, 

1845,  \ry  a  shepherd  named  Piddtt.  The  first  shot  was 

fired  29Ch  September,  1845. 
TlM  Princess  Royal  Mine.     Discovered  in  1845,   Just 

before  the  Burra  Burra ;  it  was  worked  for  a  short 

toe,  bot  is  now  idle. 
Tite  Bon  Aooord  Mine. 
The  Brougfaton  Mines  do  not  pay  for  the  working,  and 

are  now  abandoned. 
The  Momit  Remarkable  Mine  was  discovered  abont  the 

year  18ML  in  the  neighbourhood ;  the  workings  being 

Tenr  hard  it  did  not  pay,  so  are  abandoned. 
The  Spring  Creek  Mine,  near  the  Mount  Remarkable 

Mine,  is  also  abandoned  for  want  of  capitaL 
The  Great  Gladstone  Mine.     Three  shafts  have  been 

mnk  from  8  to  17  fathoms,  and  some  copper  raised, 

bntitis  now  idle. 
Ihe  Kanyaka  Mine.    Several  shafts  have  been  sunk,  the 

deepest  15  fathoms,  and  these  are  connected  1^  drives 

extending  about  40  fathoms. 
TheWinawilka  Mine.    Several  shafts  have  been  r^nk 

with  drives  connecting  them,  but  no  result  has  yet 

been  attained  to  compensate  for  the  outlay  as  yet. 
The  Kirwan  Mine  is  a  promising  mine,  but,  as  yet,  has 

not  paid. 
The  Napoleon  Mine  is  a  promising  mine. 


The  Wheal  BUnmau.    Sevsval  shafts  are  sunk,  and  a 

larae  quantity  of  ore  bat  been  raised. 
The  wheal  Butler  Mine. 
The  Mount  Hare  Mine. 
The  Asser  Hill  Mine. 
The  Yudanamutana  lOne. 
The  Wheal  Austin  Mine. 
The  Telda  Mlna 
The  Pindelpena  Mine. 
The  Welcome  Mine. 
The  Dorooldana  Mine. 
The  Sir  Dominick  Daly  Mine, 
rnie  Wheal  Frost  Mine. 
The  Lyndhurst  Mine. 
The  W^heal  Besley  Mine. 
Tlie  Mochatoona  Mine. 
The  Wirryoota  Mine. 
The  Mount  Stuart  Mine. 
The  Nuccaleena  Mine. 
The  Two  Brothers  Mine. 
The  Oratunga  Mine. 
The  Mooroo  Mine. 
The  Mount  Chamber's  Mine. 
M'ConvUle'sMlne. 
Malone*s  Mine. 
Bremer  Mine. 
The  Preamimma  Mine. 
The  Kaumantoo  Min& 
The  West  Kaumantoo  Mine. 
The  Wheal  Ellen  Mine. 
The  Strathalbyn  Mines. 
Th0  Montacute  Mines. 
The  Glen  Osmond  Mines. 
Scott's  Creek  Mine. 
Barritt's  Mine. 
Gorge  Mine. 
TallMrolinga  Mine. 
The  Wallaroo  Mines. 
The  Moonta  Mine. 
The  Kurilla  Mine. 


MINISTRIES,  List  of,  since  Responsible  Oovernmsnt. 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES. 

No.  l-DONALDSON  MINI8TRT. 


Stout  A.  Donaklsoni 

ThoDiaaHolt   

wauun  M.  Manninfi 
John  Bayley  Darvafli 
George  U.  Nichols  . . . 


William  CMayne 


Colonial  Secretary 
Colonial  Treasurer 
Attorney-General . , 
Solicitor-General  ., 
Auditor-General   ., 


Ytooi 
June  6,  1866.. 


lb 
Aug.  25, 1850. 


Also  Secretary  for  Lands  and 
Works  during  same  period. 

Representative  of  Government 
in  Legislative  CoundL 


Charles  Cowper  

Robert  Ounpbell 

Terence  A.  Murray 

James  Marthi 

Alfred  J.  P.  Lntwyche  . . 


No.  2-OOWPER  MINISTRY. 
Colonial  Secretary    ^ 


•  •  •  ■  ■  • 


Colonial  Treasurer 
Secretary  for  Lands  and 

Works. 
Attorney-General 
Solidtor-Genenl 


KAug  S6, 1866 
Sept  18, 1866 


Oct  2,   1866.. 
Oct   2,  1866.. 


AlsoAuditor*Generalfrom  August 
20  to  September  16. 

Representative  of  Government 
in  Legislative  CoundL 


No.  8 -PARKER  MINISTRY. 


Henry  W.  Parker  .. 
8tuart  A.  Donaldson 
John  Hay 


«  •  •  • 


«  •  • 


WnUam  M.  Manning 
John  Bayley  Darvall . .  | 

EdwaidWise  

Edward   Deas-Thomson, 
CR« 


Colonial  Secretary  . . 
Colonial  Treasurer  .. 
Secretary  for  Lands 

Works. 
Attorney-General .... 
Solidtor-General  .... 

Attomey-Qeneral 

Solidtor-Oeneral  .... 


and 


} 


Oct  8,  1866 . . 

Oct  8,  1856.. 
Oct  8,  1866.. 
May  20, 1857.. 
May  26, 1867.. 


Sept  7, 1857. 

Mi^  25, 1867. 
May  25, 1857. 
Sept  7, 1857. 
Sept.  7, 1857. 


Representative  of  Government 
in  Legrislative  Council — for- 
merly Oolonial  Secretary. 

1  AppoiBtc4  Ifcmbcn  of  the  Executive  Coonril  on  the  39th  April,  1856  ;  but  they  'did  not  take  oflce  until  the  8th  Joae,  «•  eome  pre- 
liniiury  ursaf  emcnts  were  neccMarj  before  tbcy  rualed  their  eeata  M  Member*  of  the  Lcfttilatire  AeeemblT.  Mr.  Aleumder  Warren  wu  idto 
•ppoiated  a  Member  of  the  EsecntiTe  CoancU  on  the  tlet  May,  U6S,  but  retlfned  without  entering  upon  the  datiei  of  the  ofBca. 

2  Vicc-Preeident  of  the  EsecoUve  Conndl. 


1412 


Charles  Oowper  .. 
Blchard  Jones  .... 

succeeded  by 
Robert  Cunpbell.. 

suooeeaed  by 
Ellas  C.  Weekes  . . 
Terence  A.  Munay 

succeeded  by 
John  RobertBon 
John  Robertson 

Edward  Flood 

James  Martin  

succeeded  by 
Alfred  J.  P.  Lutwyche 

succeeded  by 
Lyttleton  H.  Bayley 
Alfred  J.  P.  LutwycheN 

succeeded  by  i 

WiUiam  Bede  Dalley  . .  > 

succeeded  by  I 
John  F.  Hargrave  ..,.) 
John  Didcson  


ColonM 
Col 


Public 


fsr 


SoUdtor- 


Sept  7,18ft7.. 

E7. 
^» 
18,1860.. 
JSeptr,  1857.. 

A  Jan.  18,1888.. 

Oct  1,  1889.. 

Oct  1,  18W.. 

/Sept  7, 1857.. 

Koy.l5|UaB.. 

.Mar.  1,1850.. 
^Sept  7, 1867.. 

Nov.  15, 1868.. 

^Feb.  21,1860.. 


Oet  28,1880. 
Jsa.  8,  1888. 


Oet  26, 18801 


8«pt  80,18881 
Oet  28,1860. 
Oet  26,  1888L 
Not.  8,  186& 

7mi  28|  ISBBl 

Oct  28,18601 

Feb.  11, 1860. 
Oct  28,  1880.. 


R»«ppoiBteillli9t.  ^ 


WUliam  Forster I  ColonM 

Saul  Samuel Oolonial 

JohnBlack  I  SuuttMji  for 

GeofErey  Esgar    


Edward  Wise   

succeeded  by 
SirW.M.Manning,Knt 
John  F.  Hargrave  .... 


} 


Attomey-Ososnl . 
SoHdtor-asinwl  . 


U)ct  27» 

r  Oct  27,: 


Feb.  21, 1800. . 
Not.  8,1860.. 


r.  81 


Flsb^  1S,lflOO. 

Mlv.  8,  1880. 
Mar.  6,  1800  . 


in 


of  QovonmeBt 
loQndL 
Piilsn»J[u4fS.] 


Appointed  Attomey^kMMl  tod 
C^April.  1800  (BobsctBR  Minis- 
try). 


John  Robertson  . . . 
Charles  Oowper  ... 
Ellas  C.  Weekes  . . . 
WiUiam  M.  Arnold. 
John  F.  Hargrave  . 


Na  6— R0BEBT80K  MINISFRT.    fTb  Januaiy  0, 186L) 


Secretary  for  Lands    ... 

Oolonial  Secretary   

Colonial  Treasurer  

Secretary  for  Public  Works 
Attorney  General     


>>Minh  Ol  1800. 
April  2,  1880. 


Merged  into 
Oowper 
Minfeiy. 


Premier  to  JanuaiyO,  188L 


-) 


Charles ^- 

EUas  Osrpenter  Weekes 

succeeded  by 
Thomas  Ware  Smart 

John  Robertson 

William  M.  Amokl.. 
Johai  F.  HaigzavA 

succeeded' 
John  Bayley 
John  F.  Hsnntvtt 


av«  ....  1 
fsrvall..  I 


Charles  Oowper,  Junior. 


No.  7-OOWPER  MINISTRT.    (From  Jaaoavy  10, 1861.1) 


Colonial  Secretary 
Oolonial  Treasurer 


Secretsiy  for  Ijmds 

Secretaiy  for  Public  Works 


AMomey  General 
flolkitor 


•  »  »  *  •  »  a 


Clerk  of    the 
Council. 


Executive 


{ 


Mar.  0,1800. 
Mar.  9, 1800. 


Mar.  21,1808. 
Mar.  0,1880. 
Mar.  9, 1880. 
(Apsil2,iaB0. 

lAog.  1,1888- 
Aag.1,  U08. 


lOct  15, 1868  , 
Mar.  20, 1868. 

Oct  15, 1868. 
Oct  16, 1808. 
Oct^nk1868. 
JalyX  1868.. 


Oct  16^ 
OctllO^ 


Premier  firom  January  10, 186L 


jppninsBQ  poiicwBrusn— • 


in  Legislative  OoondL 
A  Member  of  the  Govaiimeot, 
withouta seat  in  the Osbinst 


James  Martin  

William  Forster 

GeoffreyEsgar 

Peter  Faucett 

John  Bowie  Wilson    . . . 

Ailliar  T.  Hotroyd 

JohnBttbortPlQiiintt  . 


Ito.  8r..«ABTDI  ISDOBBrEr. 


Attorn^  Geoeial 

Colonial 

Colonial 

SoUdtor 

Seoretaiyfbr  Lands 

Beoretaiy  for  Public  Woiks 


16»1868.. 


FeK2; 


in 


itative  of  OoT«nin«t 
>tive     Oonncll-i«* 


wUdi  date  Mr.  Cowper  took  hia  wftt  ia  the  LcgidatlT* 


i  f-J-i-.*>  ;-» : 


113 


Na  9>-<X>WFBR  MlNIUrTHT. 


Ctariei  Gowperi 

Ibomss  Ware  Smart 

saooeededby 
8nl  Sunufil     

saooeededlqr 
JhnfaaD  BardeUn    . 
Mm  Bi^lOT  Dairall 

tocoooitd  by 
John  Hubert  Phmkctt 


Mm  Fletdier  Haifraye 

MmRobertflon 

roccBedcd  by 

WnikmM.  Arnold... 

foooeededby 

John  Boberteon J 

rdliim  M.  Arnold . . . .  ) 

niooeed«dby  > 
ThemM  Ware  Smart . .  ) 
James  A.  Conneen 


Colonial  Secretary    )    Feb.    8»1B86. 

~»b.   8,1866. 


Oolonkl 


Attorn^ 


Solicitor  General 


{ 


Oct.  20,180S. 

Jan.    4,  IML 
Feb.    8,1886l 

Auff.  ZS^iaOK. 


Feb.  8,186ft  .. 
Feb.  8, 1866  . . 


Secretary  for  Lands <  Oct  20, 1866 


Becntary  for  Foblie  WotkB 


^Jaa.  1, 1866 
(  Feb.  8k  1866. 


(Oct  20,1866  . 
Poetmaster  General I    Oct  1,1866. 


Jan.  21, 1866. 
Oct  19, 1866  . 

Jan.    8, 1886  . 


Jan.  tip 
Jiuie80,iaBL 

Jan.  21, 1MB. 


Jiine21, 1866. 
Oct  10, 1866. 

Oct  81, 1866  . 

Jan.  21, 1866. 
Oct  19^1866. 

Jan.  21, 186& 
Jan.  SLU8B  . 


Araointed  Secretary  for  Public 
Itedgned. 


Fonnerly  Attorn^  General,  for 
which  he  recaiTes  a  Penrioo 
of  £1,200  per  annum.  Peoaion 
not  drawn  during  proMBt 
oceopancy. 


Elected  Speaker  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Aaeembly. 

Appointed  Secretaiy  for  lAoda 


A  Member  of  the  Oovemment, 
withottt^fleatin  the  Chhiast 


Na  V^-mABfnS  MINIBIBT. 


The   Honorable    J 

llaitin,Q.Ci 
Bevy  Bukea  ..«.•.  ..\ 

neeeededbor  V 

Joenh  Docker ) 

flMeyfcgar   

Joha Bowie  Wibon    .... 

hamBjnm 

Bobert  ihdntoah  laaaei 

JeKph  Decker ) 

mcoeededbT         v 
iihiBniA]fdfk.l%kej 

John  Robeiteon 

SealSamnel 

W'UlJam  Foteter 

John  Sutherland 

Sir    William     Montagu 
Muming,  Knt,  Q>C. 


JohoaFmJoeephan 

Jelfao  &  8a 
DiBielSKan 
BobertOwen 


} 


Oblonkl 


Onlenfal  Tiwiiimr  

Secretary  for  Lands 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 
Bolidtor-Qeneral  


Poetmaster-Oeneral 


Jan.  28;  1886. 
j  Jan.  82, 1816. 
(Sep.28,18d8. 


Sep.  20, 186& 


Oct.  28,  IBBB. 

Sept  17, 1868  . 

Oot  26^1888. 
Oct  28,1888. 
Oct  26,  186& 
Oct  28, 1868. 
Oct  26, 1868  . 
Sep.  27, 1868. 


Oct  26, 186a 


Na  U— BOBEKTBON  MINISTRY. 


Colonial  Secretary    

Ookmial  Treasurer  

Secretary  for  Lands 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 
Attorney  General 


fialld«or.General 


Oct.  27, 1868  . . 

Oct  27,1868.. 

Oct  27,  1868  . . 

Oct  27,  1868  . . 

Oct  31.1868.. 


f  Jan.  12,1870.. 

SeeCowper 
Ministry, 
No.  12. 


{ 


Oct  27, 1888. , 

Dec.18, 1866L 
Oct  27,1868. 
Oct  87,1868. 


I 


Sept  2.1860 


} 


Ministry, 
Nal2. 


Keiigned. 

Beprasentatiye  of  the  Govern- 
It  In  LigWatlve  CoiadL 


Appohited  Colonial  Secretary. 
Representative  of  Govem- 
ment  in  T<g>ri(|Hve  OoimdL 


Resigned. 


A  Member  of  the  Government, 
without  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet 
In  receipt  of  a  Pension  of 
A800  per  sanum,  but  not 
drawn  during  ppisent  tanure 
df  offlce. 

Appotaited  District  Gonrt  ;Jii4fe. 


Repieseutstive  of  Government 
in  Legislativo  Oooaeil,  with  a 
Seeithith^QabliMt 


N«.  12-OOWPIB  MINIBTRY. 


Saul  Samuel 

Waiiam  Forster  . . 
succeeded  by 
John  Robertson  .. 
John  Sutherland 
^    WUUam     Montagu 
Hsnning,  Knt,  <IC. 


} 


Julian  I.   .. 
Itetel  Egan- 
Robert  Owen 


Colonial  Secretary   . 

Colonial  Treasurer  , 
Secretary  for  Lands 


. 


Secretary  for  Public  Works 
Attorney-General 


Solicitor-General  .. 
Postmaster-General 


1  Ttec-PmUcatorthe  ExecutiTc 


Jan.  18, 1810  . . 


I 


Oct  27, 1868. . 
Oct  27,  1668.. 

Aug.  18,1890. . 
Oct  27,1888.. 
Oct  81, 1888.. 


Dec  18, 1860 

Oct  87,  isn 

Oct  27,1888 


16k«]8!70 


Dec  16, 187a 
AprU14,1870. 

I>ecl6,18Za 
Dec  16,18381 
Dec  16, 1870  . 


Dec  16, 1870. 
Oot  16, 1870 
1,1870 


Appointed  Agent^tansnl  for  the 
Colony,  December  6, 1870,  but 
held  office  as  Colonial  Secre- 
tary till  December  16, 187a 

Rerigned. 


A  Member  of  the  Goiverament, 
withouta  Beat  in  the  Cabinet 
In  receipt  of  a  Pension  of 
iiaoo  per  anaom,  but  not 
drawn  during  psassnt  tanure 
«fi 


erifes  bce«ttT« 


Representative  of  the  Goivan- 
ment  in  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil, with  a  Seatin  the  CaUnet 
Resigned  both  offices,  Aug.  1, 
187a 
Covadl  from  Jsawy  11, 1870. 


144 


MINISTRIES. 


Na  IS-MABTIN  MIKIfinrRT. 


The  Honorable  Sir  James 

Martin.  Knt,Q.C.i 
John  Robertson 


Qeoiige  William  Lord    . 
The      Honorable    John 

Bowie  Wilson. 

James  Byrnes 

William     Charles    Win 

dfyer. 
The   Honorable    Joseph 

Docker. 


Attomey-Genecal 


Colonial  Secretary 
Colonial  Ttessurer 
Secretary  for  lAnds 


Secretary  for  Pablic  Worlu 
Solidtor-Oeneral  


Postmaster-Ctenerd 


^Dec  16,1870.. 


May  IS.  1872. 


Representative  of  OoTemmeat 
in  the  LsgislstiTe  OoDndL 


Ka  14— PARKES  MINIffniY. 


Henry  Farkes 

Wttliam  Richman  Pld-) 

dington f 

succeeded  by  ( 
George  Alfred  Uoyd . . ) 
James  Squire  Famell .... 
Robert  Palmer  Abbott . . 

John  Sutherland 

Edward  Butler    ) 

succeeded  by  > 
Joseph  Oeo.  Long  Innes  ) 
Geozge  Wigram  AUen  .. 

Joseph  Geo.  Long  Innes.. 


George  Alfred  Lloyd  . . 

succeeded  by 
Saul  Samuel,  C.l£.< 


0.  ../ 


Saul  Samuel 


Colonial  Secretary 


Colonial 


Secretary  for  Lands 

Secretary  for  Mines 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 

Attom^*Genenl 


Minister  of    Justice  .and 

Public  Instruction. 
Solicitor-General 


Postmaster*Genend 


May  14, 1872.. 
May  14, 1872.. 


Dec  6,  1872.. 
May  14, 1872.. 
Ju^  27, 1874.. 
May  15,  1872.. 
May  15, 1872.. 

No7.20,187S.. 
Dec.  9,  1878.. 

Mi^  14, 1872.. 


{ 


May  14, 1872. 
Dec.  5,  1^2., 

May  14, 1872. 


Feb.  8, 187S. 


Feb.  8, 1876. 
Nov.  19, 1878 . 
j- Feb.  8,1876. 
Nor.  19,  1878. 

Dec.  4,  1872.. 
j-Feb.  8,1875.-l 


pt^iffgy^^^, 


Also  Secretary  for  Mhies,  Haj9 
to  July  86,  without  srlaiy- 

Resigned. 

Without  a  Scat  in  the  Cabinet 
From  December  9, 187S. 

Representative  of  the  Gorem- 
ment  in  the  Legislative 
CoundL  ^ipointedA^mey- 
GenersL 

Appofaited  Colonial  Iteasurer. 

Vioe-President  of  the  Executire 
Council  and  BepreseDtative 
of  Goremment  in  Legialatire 
CoundL 


Na  16-ROBERTSON  MINISTRY. 


John  Robertson 
William  Forster 

succeeded 
Alexander  Stuart 
Joseph  Docker 


r ) 

by         } 
rt   ....  J 


c] 


Thomas  Gsrrett 

succeeded  by 
EzeUel  Alex.  Baker 

John  Lackey    

WiniamBedeDalley.... 

John  Lucas 

John  Fitzgerald  Bums . . 


Colonial  Secretary 
Colonial  Treasurer 


Minister  of   Justice  and 
Public  Instruction. 


Secretary  for  Lands 


Secretary  for  Publio  Works 

Attomsy-General 

Secreta^r  for  Mines 

Postmaster-General 


Feb.  9,  1875.. 
1876.. 


JFeb.  9, 
(Feb.  8, 


1876.. 


Feb.  9,  1876.. 
Feb.  6,  1877.. 

j-Feb.  9,  1876.. 


March  21, 1877. 
March  21, 1877. 


March  21, 1877. 
March  21, 1877. 


Appointed  AgentGeneral  for  the 
Colony,  resident  in  Engtand. 

Representative  of  the  Goren- 
ment  in  the  Legislative 
CoundL 

Resigned 


A  Member  of  the  Legidative 
Council ;  a  Member  of  tbe 
Govemmeot  without  a  Seat 
In  the  BxeeatlTe  Coa&dL 


Henry  Parkes 

William   Richman    Pid- 

dlnffton. 
Francis  Bathurst  Sottor. . 


Richard  Driver  

James  Hoskins    

William  Chas.  Wind^yer 


Georae  Alfred  Uoyd  . . . . 
Saul  Samuel,  C.M.G. . . . . 


No.  16-PARKES  MINISTRT. 


Colonial  Secretary 
Colonial  Treasurer 


Minister   of  Justice  and 
Public  Instruction. 

Secretary  for  Lands 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 
Attorney-General 


Secretary  for  Mlne^ 
Postmaster-General, 


f 


March  22, 1877 


Aug.  16, 1877. 


1  yic«*PrMidentof  tht  ExccvtlTe  CovacU. 


Member  of  the  QovarnmeDt 
without  a  Beat  in  the  Eieca* 
tive  CoundL 

Representative  of  the  Gofen- 
ment  in  the  Legishtire 
CoundL 


MINISTBIE& 


146 


ar  Jokn  Robotmi, 

K.aiLQ. 
Wlffiun  Alexander  Long 
i<ee|di  Dodker 


TnOBMH  OMTTett 

foeoeededby 
BieUel  Alexanr.  Baker. . 

Edwinl  Combflfl 

WIDiun  Bade  Dall^  . . . . 

'  '  Alazanr.  Buer.. 


Na  17— ROBEBTBON  WNISTBT. 
Oolonial Seeretaiy   ..... 


Colonial  T^eamier  

Mmieter  of  Juatloe  and 
Public  Inetmetion. 


(  Secretary  for  Landa 


Kied  br 
AidkOttld  HamiJt 


Iton 


Jaoobi 

JohnDaTiee. 


:{ 


(Secretary  for  Lands 
Secretary  for  Pablic  Works 

Attoncy-Oeneral 

Secretary  for  Mines 


i 


1  Secretary  for  Mines 
Poetmaster-General . 


::( 


>-Aug.l7,1877.. 


Aug.  17, 1877 . . 

Nov.  20, 1877. 
j-Aug.  17, 1877. 
Aug.  17, 1877  . . 

Not.  20, 1877  . . 

Aug.  17, 1877  . . 


Dec  17, 1877. 

Nov.  19, 1877. . 
j- Deo.  17, 1877. 
Nov.  10, 1877. 


} 


Dec.  17, 1877. 


JoBCS  Squire  Fkmell  . . 
Scbid  Fit^iatrick  .... 
HcDry  Emanuel  Ooben . . 
JoBpo  Lesiy  


iofan  Sutherland    

WOUuD  John  Foster..., 
Vifliam  Henry  Suttor  . 
Mm  Flt^verald  Bums  . . 


Na  18— FARNELL  MINISTRY. 

Secretary  for  Lands ^ 

Oolonial  Seeretaiy    

Oolonial  Treasurer  

Minister  of    Justice  and 

Public  Instruction. 
Secretary  for  Public  Works 

Attomey-Oeneral 

Secretary  for  Mines 

Postmaster-General y 


»-Dec  18,1877.. 


Dea  ao,  1878 


Vice-President  of  the  Executive 
Ooundl;  lUfnrosentative  of 
the  Qovwnment  in  the  Legis- 
lative OoundL. 

Resigned. 


Appointed  Secretary  for  Lands. 


In  receipt  of  a  pension  of  £426 
ISs.  M.  per  annum,  but  not 
drawn  during  present  tenure 
of  office. 

A  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Ooundl;  sppointed  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  EScecutive  Ooundl 
April  1, 1878. 


SflCc^oha  Marks,  M.L.C.,  was  appoiated  od  th«  14ih  Jaswary,  1870,  Vic«-Pmid«Btor  th«  EmcuUtc  CoaocU  and  ReprtMBtativt  of 

the  QotrnuBcat  in  the  LcKialatiTc  Council. 


SrHeniy  FS 
iLC.M.a. 


Br  John  Roberteon, 
K.C.M.Q. 


Juam  Wataon 
JusesHoskins 
John  Lackey    . . 
W.  C  Windeyer 

F.  B.  Snttor 

E.A.  Baker  .... 
8ul  Samuel.... 


Na  1»~PARKBS-R0BERTB0N  MINISTRY  I 
Oolonial  Secretary    > 


f 


(Without  portfoUo)  Vice- 
President  of  the  Ex 
Lecutive  Council  and 
Representative  of  the 
Qovemment  in  the 
Legislative  Council . . . 
lonUl  Treasurer   

Secretary  for  Lands 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 

Attomey-GenenJ 

Minister  for  Justice,  &c . . 

Minister  for  Mines    

PostmasCer-General 


-  Dec.  21, 1878 


y 


In  Office, 
May,  187tf. 


n.— NEW  ZEALAND. 

lar  of  Membcn  of  the  Executive  Council  of  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand  previous  to  the  establishment  of  Responsible 

Qovemment  (not  including  the  Offioera  Commanding  the  Forces). 


of  Hfailsters. 


WiDonghby  Shortland  .. 

Fnods  Fisher 

George  Cooper 

WiUiam  Swalnson 

Alexander  Shepherd .... 
Andrew  Sindaur 

iames  Edward  FItqperald 

Heuy  Sewell  

FMerick  AloydusWeld 

Fnnds  DUlon  Bell 

Tbos.  Houi^ton  Bartlev 
Thomas  Spencer  Forsaith 
Edwd.  Jexningbam  Wake- 
field 
WlUiam  Thomas  Locke 

Travers 
James  Macandrew 

i 


Ookmial  Secretarv 
Attomey-Oenenu . 
Colonial  Tteesurer 

Attomey-Oenerd . 
Colonial  Treasurer 
Colonial  Secretary 

Without  portfolio. 

ti 

»»  * 

ft 

»» 
»» 


May  8,  1841.. 
May  8,  1841.. 
May  3,    1841.. 


Aug.  10,  1841.. 
May  9,  1842.. 
Jan.    6,  1844.. 


June  14,  18&4.. 
June  14,  1864.. 
June  14,  1854.. 
June  so,  1864.. 
July  14,  1864.. 
Aug.  81,  1854.. 
Aug.  31,  1864.. 

Aug.  81,  1854.. 

Aug.  81,  1864.. 


Dec  81, 1843 
Aug.  10, 1841 
Msy  0,1842 


May  7,  1866 
May  7,  1866 
Mi^  7,  1866 


Aug.  2, 1864 
Aug.  2, 1864 
Aug.  2, 1864 
July  11, 1854 
Aug.  2, 1864 


Remarks. 


Succeeded  by  Mr.  Sindair. 

Succeeded  by  Mr.  Swainson. 

Succeeded  by  Mr.  Shepherd. 
/The  holders  of  these  offices  were 
nominated  by  Her  Majesty  as 
ex  ofieio  Members  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Council.  They  were 
not  Members  of  the  General 
Assembly  opened  for  the  flrst 
time  May  27,  1864,  although 
th^  remained  in  office  until 
the  estabUshment  of  respon- 
sible Qovemment. 

\  Members  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
C    sentatives. 

Members    of    the    Legislative 
Council. 


} 


1 


'.Members  of  the  House  of  Reprc  • 
I     sentatives. 


dUfi 


k»^hi:iu:4h  ': 


Heniy  Sewell  

Fnuids  Dillon  Bell. 


Fred.  Whitaker,  M.L.a 
Htnnr  John  Ttoerad, 
M.L.C. 


WillkmFox 

John  Hall 

QHurles  Btown 

ymttan  Crush  Daldy. . . . 

Balph  Richard8on,M.  L.C. 


No.  l^j 

OolonW  Secretaiy 

Golonka 


Attorney-Oenenl 

Member  of  ExecutiTe 
Council. 


Uay  7,  1866 
Ifay  7,  18M 
Hay  7,  1856 
April  18,1868 


May  »,  1866  . 
May  M,  1866 

MnySO,  U6& 
May  aOp  1856. 


No.  2-FOX  MINISTRY. 


Attomej^CtaDflnd 

Colonial  Secretary  . . . 
Colonial  Treasurer  ... 
Member  of  Executive 

Council. 
Member  of  Executive 

CoundL 


May  20, 1856 

May  20, 1856 
May  20, 1866 
May  20, 1856 

May  20, 1856 


Jone2, 1866L 
June  2, 186& 
June  2, 18561 
June  2, 1856 

June  t,  1856 


NO.&--SIAFF0IU)  MDOSTBY. 


Edward  William 


Henry  SeiK'ell  

FnA.  Whitaker,  M.L.C 

Christopher  William 


\ 


/ 


Richmond 


■< 


-John  Logan  Ounpbell  . . 

Henry  John  Tsncred,    J 
M-L.C.  1 


Frederick  Aloyiius 
Weld 


i 


William  Fox i 

Isaac  Earl  Featherstone 

Reader  Oilaon  Wood  ...  | 

Walters.  D.  Mantell.... 
John  Williamson 

Thomas  Henderson    . . . . 

Daniel  Pollen,  M.L.C.    .. 

Henry  Sewell  

CrosbieWard  | 

Alfred  Domett i 

Thoo.  fianna^yna  Oilliee 

nmncisDlllonBeU....| 

Walter  Baldock  Duiant  j 
ManteU  ( 

Henry  John  Tancred, 
M.L.G. 

Thomas  Russell  4 

Beader  Oilson  Wood  . .  •! 

CrosbieWaid  

Henry  Sewell,  M.L..C.   ... 


•  •  »  •  • 


M<nnber  of  Executive 

Council. 
Colonial  Secretary    . . 
Colonial  Treasurer   . . 
Member  of  Executive 

Council. 
Colonial  Treasurer 
Commissioner  of  Customs 
Attorney-General . 
Colonial  Secretary 
Colonial  Treasurer 
Minister  of  Native  AAdrs 
Commissioner  of  Cus.oms 
Member  of  EiMcative 

Council. 
Colonial  Treasurer  . . 
Commissioner  of  Customs 
Member  of  Executive 

CoundL 
Member  of  Executive 

Council. 
Secretary  for  Crown  Lands 
Postmaster-General . . 
Member  of  Executive 

CoundL 
Minister  of  Native  Aflkirs 


June  2,1856 

Nov.  4,1856 
June  2, 1^66 
Nov.  4, 1866 

Feb.  25, 1859 
Feb.  25,1856 
June  2,1856 
June  2,1856 
Nov.  4, 1856 
At«.27, 1868 
Jan.  1,1859 
Feb.  86, 1860 

April  26,1859 
April  26,1859 
June  2, 1856 

Aug.  5, 1858 

Aug.  19, 1858 
Nov.  8,1868 
July  28,1^ 


Nov.  10, 1860  .. ,  July  IS,  1861 


No.  4 -FOX  MINISTRY. 


Attomey-Genersl 

Colonial  Secretary   

Colonial  Secretary   

Colonial  Treasurer 

Commissioner  of  Otisteras 
Minister  for  Native  Affairs 
Member  of  Bxeoutive 

Council. 
Member  of  Executive 

Council. 
Member  of  Executive 

Coundl. 

Attorney-General 

Postmaster-General 

Secretary  for  Crown  Lands 


July  12,1861 
Aug.  2, 1861 
July  12. 1861 
July  12, 1861 
July  12, 1861 
July  12, 1861 
July  12, 1861 

July  12, 1861 

July.20, 1861 

Aug.  2, 1861 
Aug.  2,  1B61 
Aug.  2, 1861 


;  Aug.  2, 1861 
Aug.  6, 1862 
Aug.  2,  1861 
Aug.  6.1862 
Aug.  6,  1862 
Dec.  18, 1861 
Aug.  2, 1861 

Aug.  6,1862 

AJig.  6»180S 

Aug.  6, 1862 
Aug.  6, 1862 
Aug.  6, 186t 


No.  5— DOMETT  MINISTRY. 


Colonial  Secretary    

Secretary  for  Crown  Lands 

Attomey-Qeneral 

Colonial  Treasurer   

Minister  for  Native  ABaAn 
Commissioner  of  Customs 

Postmaster-General 

Secretary  for  Crown  Lands 
Member  of  Executive 

CounciL 
Member  of  Exeoutlve 

CounciL 
Wnister  for  Colonial 

Defence. 

ColonUiI  Treasurer  

Commissioner  of  Customs 

Postmaster-General 

Attorney-General' 


Aug.  6,1862  .. 

Aug.  22, 1862  .. 

Aug.  6, 1868  . . 

Aug.  6, 1862  . . 

Aug.  6,  1862  . . 

Aug.  7,  1862  . . 

Aug.  6,  1862  . . 

Aug.  6,1862  .. 

Aug.  6,  1862  . . 

Aug,  6, 1862  . . 

July  22,1868  .. 

Aug  21,1862  .. 

Aug.  21,1862  . . 

Aug.  21,1862  . . 

Aug.  21,1362  . . 


Oct.  30, 1863 
Oct.  30, 1863 
Aug.  «1, 1862 
Aug.  21, 1868 
Oct.  80,1868 
Aug.  21, 1862 
Aug.  21, 1862 
Aug.  21, 1862 
Feb.    6,1866 

Oct  80, 1863 

Oct.  30, 1863 

Oct.  30. 1863 
Oct^  80,  1863 
Oct  30,  1863 
Jan.  1,  1863 


AnMlnted 

Council,  April  lii 
Appoinled   mtnbat 

Oovndl,  April  1S» 


Wttbout  portfoU#L 
Wltlmat  portfolio. 


July  12, 1861 

July  12,1861 
Nov.  4, 1866  . . 
ApriI2S.1860 

April26,1859  .. 
April26«1869  .. 
July  12, 1861 
Nov.  4.  1856  .. 
Feb.  26,  1859  .. 
Nov.  10, 1860  . . 
Feb.  26,1850  .. 
July  12,1861 

July  12,1861 
July  12, 1861 
Nov.  24,1866  .. 

July  12,1861 

July  12, 1861 
July  12, 1861 
July  12, 1861 


Soeoeeded  hy  Mr.  Bfdimond. 


Soooeeded  by  Mr.  Rldimood. 
Sttooeeded  by  Mr.  Rirhinond. 

Sueoeaded  by  Mr.  StaffonL 
Succeeded  by  Mr.  SewelL 
Sneoeeded  1^  Mr.  Weld. 
Succeeded  by  Mr.  SewelL 


WKhout  portfolio. 


aucoeedod  by  Mr.  SoweU. 
Succeeded  by  Mr.  Fox. 

WKtaDotportfeliou 
Without  portfolio. 
Without  poftfdlio. 


Soceeeded  by  Bon.  TT  SewaU. 
Svsceeded  1^  Mr.  Wood. 


Succeeded  by  Mr.  Wood. 
Succeeded  by  Mr.  C.  Ward. 


Th»  Hoa.  F.  WhttUker ,  MX.C. .  wt,  em 
Jan.  I .  IMS,  appoaatct  Attoney  G^bc- 
nl  but  B»i  ia  a  laiaHtMtel  cafscitj . 


MINISTRIES. 


«47 


Mo.  e^-WHFTAKKRpFOX  Wm9tBY. 


FM.  Wtaitekar,  M.L.a 

WHUiA  Fox 

GHlwm  Wood  . .  •{ 

{ 


Premier    and    AUorn^ 
OenlBral. 

Colonial  Secretary 

Colonial  Treaiurer   , 

Commissioner  of  Cualoma 

PosttnastaP^Seneral 

Secretary  for  Crown  Lands 
Minister  flbr  Oolooial  De- 
fence. 


Oet  90,1868 

Oct  80,1668 
Oct  80,1863 
Oct  80,1863 
Oct  80, 1868 
Nov.  5, 1863 
Oct  80,1668 


Not.  24,  186i 

Nov.  24,1864 
Nov.  24,  1804 
Not.  24, 1864 
Not  24,1864 
Jan.  IS,  1864* 
Nut.  S4»1866. 


Soooeeded  by  Mr.  A.  Domett, 
not  in  ymmtfiai  oaiwail^ 


No.  7~WELD  ministry. 


Fradk.  Aloyaiua  Weld. .  i 

Henry  Sewell   

makam  Fltah€rbei«- ..  i 

Mm  Ll  C.  VkAmtOmm,  j 

M.L.C ( 

Hany  Albert  Atkinson 

Walter  &   D.  ManteU,  f 

M.L.C ( 

Jamea  Crowe  Ridimond 
Jaa.  Edwmrd  Fitagerald 


Pvemier   

Colonial  Secretaiy    

Attomey-Oeneraf 

Colonial  Ttreasurer   

Commisslonar  of  Customs 

Postmaster^Ganeral 

Oommis8i<Nier  of  Customs 
Minister  fbr  Colonial  De- 
fence- 
Minister  for  NaUTe  Air<Un 

Native  Secretary 

Colonial  Secretary 

Minister  for  Native  Affaire 


Not.  24: 1864 
Not  24, 1864 
Not.  24, 1804 
Not.  24, 1864 
Not.  24, 1864 
Not.  24, 1864 
April  8, 1866 
Not.  24, 1864 

Dee.  16, 1864 
April  3, 1866 
June  26, 1866 
Aug.  12, 1866 


Oct    16, 1666 . . '  Sueoeeded  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Richmond 
June  26,  1866 


Oct.  16,1866 
Oct  16,  1866 
April  8,  1866 
Oct.  16, 1865 
Oct.  16,1866 
Oct    16,  1866 

July  27,1866. 
July  27,1866 
Oct    16,1866 
Oct.    16,1866 


Succeeded  by  Hon.  J.  L.  C 
RtchardsoH. 


Succeeded  by  Mr.  Fitaqgerald. 


No.  S-STAFFORD  MINISTRY. 


Edwrnrd  Wm.  Stafford 


Tbeo.  Minet  Haultain 


A.H.RaMeU,M.L.a. 


John  J<rtiiistOB,iM.L.C. . . 
Francin  JoUie 
wm^Mn  FUniierbert 


JolmHaU 


Jaa.'Crowe  Richmond 

John  L.  C  RichaidsoD 
M-UC. 


John  H.  Harris, 
Daniel  Pollan,!BLL.C 


M.L,C.  j 


Premier  and  Member   of 

Executive  CoondL 

Colonial  Secretaary    

Colonial  Treasurer   

Paetmaster-Oeneral 

Postmaster-Oeneral 

Member     of     Exvcuttve 

Council. 
Minister  for  Colonial  De- 
fence. 
Member     of     EzecntlTe 

Council. 
Minister  for  NaUTe  Affaire 
Member     o<     ExecutiTe 

Council. 

Poetmastttr-General 

Member     of      EzecuUve 

Council. 
Member     of     EIzecutlTe 

Council. 
Colonial IVeasuror  ..... 

Colonial  lyeasurer   

Commissioner  of    Stamp 

Duties. 
Member     of     Executive 

CounciL 

Postmaster-General 

Electric  Telegraph  Com 

missloner. 
Commissioner  of  Customs 
Commissioner   of    Stamp 

IhiUea. 
Member     of     Executive 

ConndL 
Member      of     Executive 

CounciL 

Solicitor-General  

Member      of     Executive 

CoundL 


Oct  16, 1866  . .  I  June  S8, 1889 


Oct  81, 1866 
Oct  31, 1866 
Oct  31, 1866 
Feb.  6,  1860 
Oct  16,1866 

Oct  81, 1866 

Oct  10, 1866 

Oct  81, 1866 
Oct  16,1866 

May  8,1866 
May  14, 1866 

May  14, 1866 

June  12, 1866 
Aug.  24, 1866 
May  6,1867 

Aug.  24, 1866 

Aug.  24, 1866 
Oet  16, 1866 

Aug.  24. 1866 
May   6,1867 

Aug.  24, 1866 

Sept  26, 1867 

Oct  26, 1867 
June  10, 1868 


June  28, 
June  12 
May  8 
June  ? 
June  28, 

June  28, 

Aug.  24, 

.    Aug.  24, 

.j  Aug.  24, 

.'  Aug.  24, 
.    April,  6, 


Aug.  24 

Aug.  24, 
June  28 
June  28 

June  28 


Feb 
Feb. 


.   June  28 
.    June  28 


May   13 
May   13, 

May   IS 

Juoe  28 


1868 
1866. . 
1866.. 
1868 
1868 

1869 

1866 

1866 
1866 

1866.. 
1867.. 

1866 

1866.. 

1869 

1868 

1869 

1869.. 
1809 

1869 
1869 

1868.. 

1868 

1868 
1869.. 


Succeeded  by  Mr.  JoUle. 
Sttcoeeded  by  Mr.  Patersop. 


Succeeded  by  Mr.  Hall. 
Without  portfolio. 


Suceeeded  by  Mr.  Pltiberbert 


Succeeded  by  Mr.  StalforX 


Without  portfolio. 


Without  portfolio. 


No.  9— For  MINISTRY. 


WiUiMn  Fox. 


Jnllva  Voflpel. 


Donald  McLean 


Premierland  Member  of 
Executive  Council    — 

Colonial  Secretary 

Colonial  Treasurer   

Commissioner  of  Stamps . . 

Postmaster-Oeneral 

Commissioner  of  Ciistoms 

Electric  Telegraph  Com- 
missioner. 

Commissioner  of  Customs 

Native  Minister 

Minister  for  Colonial  De- 
fence. 


June  28, 1869. 


June  28, 
June  28, 
June  29, 
Aug.  6, 
Aug.  5, 
July     1, 


1809. 

1869. 

1869. 

1868.. 

1868. 

1869. 


Not.  27,1871.. 
June  28,1869. 
June  28,  1669.. 


Sept.  10,  1872 

July    6, 1869. 
Sept  10, 1872 
Sept  10. 1872 
Sept  10.  1872 
Jan.     8, 1871 . 
Sept  10,1872 

Sept.  10, 1872 
Sept  10, 1872 
Sept  10, 18.'2 


Succeeded  by  Hon.  W.  Oisbome. 


Succeeded  by  Hon.  H.  Sewell. 


148 


MINISTRIES. 


FrandB  Dillon  Ben. 


Win.  GUbome,  ]LL.a 
Inao  Eari  Feathenton« 


I 


Henry  Sewell,  H.L.a 
Gea  Kanden  Waterfaoiue 


{ 


William  Beeves 


{ 


John  Baviea  Ormcmd. . . . 
John  Hall,  M.L.C. 


Henry  J.  MUler,  ]LL.a . . 


Ko.  9— FOX  MINISTRY— eofKtr»tted. 


Member  of 
Ckmndl. 

Member  of 
CoandL 


Executive 
Exeeative 


Oolonial  Secretary    

Member     at     Executive 

CkrardL 

Minlater  of  Juetioe  

Commiasioner  of  Guatoma 
Oommiaaioner  of  Stampa 
Member     of     Executive 

CJoundL 
Member     of     Executive 

Coundl. 
Beaident      Miniater     for 

Middle  laland. 
Miniater  for  Pnblie  Woilca 
Member     of     Executive 

Council. 
Member     of     Executive 

Coundl. 


July  2,1860.. 

July  2,1860.. 

July  6, 1860. . 

Nov.  16,1860.. 

June  18, 1870.. 

Jan.  8,1871.. 

Jan.  2,1871.. 

Oct.  80,1871.. 

Nov.  27,1871.. 

Dec.  6,1871.. 

Dec  0,1871.. 

July  20,1872.. 

July  29,1872.. 


Aug.  14,1871. 

Sept  10, 1872 

Sept  10, 1872 
Mar.  81,1871. 

Oct.   80,1871 
Oct    80,1871. 
Nov.  27, 1871 
Nov.  80, 1871. 

Sept  10, 1872 

Sept  10, 1872 

Sept  10, 1872. 
Sept  10, 1872 

Sept  10, 1872 


Without  portfolio^ 


Without  portfoUoL 

Succeeded  by  Mr.  YoyaL 
Without  portfolio. 


Mr.  Oiabome  acted  aa  Minkter 
for  Public  Worica  tiU  appoia^ 
ment  of  Mr.  Onnood. 


No.  lO-STAFFORD  MINISTRY. 


Hon.    Edward    William 

Stairord. 
Hon.    William    Fitxber 

bert,  C.M.O. 
Henry  Sewell,  M.L.C.   . . 
ThomaaBannatyneOilliea 
DonaldBeid    


Oswald  Curtis 


Premier 


Secretary  for  Crown  Landa 
and  Immigration. 

Colonial  Secretary    

Colonial  Treasurer   

Miniater  for  Public  Worica 

Commiasioner  of  Customs 
OonmiiBBioner  ol  Stamp 
Dutiea    , 

Postma8ter*Oeneiul ..... 

Telegraph    Commissioner 


Sept  10,  1872.. 

Sept  10, 1872.. 

Sept  10, 1872.. 
Sept  10, 1872.. 
Septic,  1872.. 
Sept  10,  1872.. 

Sept  10, 1872.. 
Sept  10,1872.. 
BeptlO,  1872.. 


Oct  11,  1872 

Oct  11,  1872 

Oct  11,  1872 
Oct  11,  1872 
Oct  11,  1872 
Oct  11,  1872 

Oct  1),  1872 
Oct  11,  1872 
Oct  11,  1872 


No.  11— WATERHOUSE  MINWTRY. 


George  M.  Waterbouae, 

M.L.C. 
Hon.     Julius     V(wel, 

C.MG. 
Hon.     Donald    M'Lean, 

C.M.G. 


{ 


Hon.  John  Hall,  M  L.C . . 
John  Davies  Ormond 


John  Bathgate. 


Edward  Richardson 


{ 


Geo.  Maurice  0*Rorke-{ 

William  Hunter  Reynolds 
WiremuKatene  . 


WiremuParata 


Premier 


Colonial  Treasurer 
Postmaster-General 
Native  Minister .... 


Oolonial  Secretary    

Minister  for  Public  Works 
Commissioner  of  Customs 

Minister  of  Justice   

Commissioner  of  Stamps 
Member   of    Executive 

Council. 
Minister  for  Public  Woriu 
Secretary  for  Crown  Lands 
Minister  for  Immigration 
Commisdoner  of  Customs 
Member  of   Executive 

Council. 
Member  of    Executive 

Council. 


Oct  11, 1872  . 

Oct.  11, 1872  . 

Oct  11, 1872  .. 

Oct  11, 1872  . . 


Oct  11, 1872 
Oct  11,  1872 
Oct  11,  1872 
Oct  20, 1872 
Oct  29, 1872 
Oct  11, 1872 

Oct  20,  1872 
Oct  24,  1872 
Oct  24, 1872 
Oct  26, 1872 
Nov.  4,1872 

Dec.  4,1872 


Mar.  8, 1873 


Mar.  8, 1878 
Oct  29, 1872 
Oct  26, 1872 


^Conflimed  in  appointments  oa 
the  resignation  of  Mr 
Waterhouse  as  Premier 
and  ^pointment  of  Mr. 
Fox. 


Succeeded  by  Mr.  Rejmolds. 


> 


Confirmed  in  appolotments  aa 
^     above. 


No.  12-POX  MINISTRY. 


Hon.  William  Fox 


Vogd, 


Hon.     Julius 

C.M.G. 
Hon.    Donald    M'Lean, 

C.M.G. 

John  Bathgate. 


{ 


Gea  Maurice  O'Rorke  4 


William  Hunter  Reynolds 
Edward  Richardson  .... 
Wiremu  Katene < . 


WiremuParata 


Premier  

Colonial  Secretary 
Colonial  Treasurer 
Postmaster-General 
Native  Minister. . . . 


Minister  of  Justice 

Commissioner  of  Stamps 
Secretary  for  Crown  Lands 
Minister  for  Immigration 
Commissioner  of  Customs 
Minister  for  Public  Works 
Member     of     Executive 

Council. 
Member     of     Executive 

Council. 


Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  8, 1873 
Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  3,  1873 

Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  3, 1873 
Mar.  3, 1873 

Mar.  3, 1873 


April  8, 1873 
AprU  8, 1873 


ij 


Confirmed  in  appointments  on 
the  resignation  of  Mr.  Fox 
as  Premier  and  «|ipointinent 
of  Mr.  Yoga 


MUaSTRIEa 


Ko.  U-VOOEL  IflNimtT. 


■.    JoUoi 
CJLO. 

H 

LC.M.G. 

lliuiH<u>U> 

B„. 

•UFiAa, 

ILUC 

OTllbDtA 

lUnno 

wmifatt". -j 

nnnFUM* 

1 

le-ATKDiaON  UDnSTRY. 


Hmj-AJhwtAUlnmiJ 

hvi.i.isT< :: 

iSKriS::;;^: 

vas  «■-■ 

"^«„:''     ■»""" 

S^J,1BTS  .. 

JoluiD,rt»OnDoi.d 

B^t  1,  ISTfl  .  . 

litait  MlAD  

g™pl«. 

8.pLi,m(!  .. 

SnoowdHl  t?  Ht.  Q.  H'Li 


ISO 


HXNIB^raiI£». 


Hany  Albeit  Atkinson  •( 


Diniel  PoUen,  H.L.C. 
Frederick  Whitaker 

M'Lean, 


I 


Sir      Donald 
K.C.H.Q. 

Edward  Richardson   

Charles      Christopher  ( 

GeoiyeMlieau 


John  Dftvies  Ormond 


( 


Vr—ATKBUfXJf  MXXaSfSBX  CB£0OK8TITUTED> 

S«|ii.l8.1S7e.. 
aaptl8,1876.. 
Sept  18,1876.. 
Sept.  18, 1876.. 
Sept  18,1876.. 
Sept  18, 1876.. 
Sept  IS,  1876.. 


No. 

Premier  

Colonial  Titasurer 
Secretary  for  Crown  Lands 
Minister  for  Immigration 
Colonial  Seoretaiy 
Postmaster-General 
Commissioner     of     Tele- 
graphs. 
Attom^-QwMral 
NaUve  Minister.. 


Minister  for  PubUc  Works 

Minister  of  Justice  

Commissioner  of  Stamps 
Commissioner  of  Customs 
Postmaster-General ..... 
Commissioner  of  Tele- 
graphs; 


Dm.  7,1876.. 
Dec  7. 1876. . 


Not.    4, 1876. . 
Sept  U,  1876. 

Sept  18, 1876. 
Sept  18, 1876., 
Sept  18, 1876. 
Sept  18, 1876. 
Dec.     7,1876., 
Dec    7,1876. 


Sec  7«  1876. 


Snoeeeded  brMi 
Sucoeeded  by  Mr.  OompI 


No.  IS^-GIUST  MINnKTRT.    1877. 


nie  Atkinson  Blinistry  retired  on  October  14, 1877,  and 
the  Grey  Cabinet  succeeded,  which,  after  undergoing 
various  modifications,  stands  (April  1879)  as  follows  — 

Hon.  Sir  George  Grey,  K.C.B.  (Premier),  Commissioner 
ctf  Customs  and  Commissioner  of  Stamp  Duties. 

Hon.  Col.  George  Stoddart  Whitmore,  C.M  G.,  Colonial 
Secretary. 

Hon.  Robert  Stout,  Attomey-Genenl  and  Minister  «f 
Lands  and  Immigration.  , 


Hon.  John  SheehMi,  Nattve  Jfinister. 

Hon.  James  Macandrew,  Mniister  for  PnbUe  Wcrfcs. 

Hon.  JamesTemple  Flsbov  Poetmaster-GenersI  sod  Oooh 
missioner  of  Tel^^raphs. 

Hon.  John  Ballanoe,  Colonial  lYeamrer  and  Minister  for 
Education. 

Hoani,  Nahne,  MiSttber  «tf  EMOutf  ▼• 


No.  1— HERBEBT  UVfWSBY,   (Mmr^tA  inUQ  tte  MmtaUtUr  UMitig.) 


Robert  Georae  Wynd- ( 
ham  Heroert   . . . .  ( 

Batdiffe  Pring 

sucoeeded  by 

John  Brunston   

succeeded  by 

Charles  Lilley 

Robert     Ramsay     Mac- 
kenzie  

succeeded  by 

TtkoaoB  De  Lacy  MofEatt 

succeeded  by 

Joshua  Peter  Bell 

Maurice  Charles  O'Con- 

neU,  M.L.C 

John    James    G«lloway, 

M.L.C 
Wmiam  Hobbs,  MiLc! '. '. 

St  Geoige  Richard  Gore 

Arthur  Macalister 

John  Bramston,  M.L.C. . . 


Colonial 
Acting  Colonial 
Attorney  •General 


Attomey-Genenl .. 
Attorney-General . 
Ccdonial  TPsasursr 
Colonial  Treasurer 
Colonial  Treasurer 
Without  Portfolio. 


Without  Portfolio 

Without  Portfolio , 

iSecretikTy  for  Lands  and 
Works  , 
Secretary  for  liands  and 
Works 

Without  Portfolio 


Dee.  10,1860.. 
Got  8,1864.. 
Dec   10,  )860.. 

Aqg.  81,  U0S.. 

SoptU,  1806.. 

Dec  16,1860.. 

Aug.    4, 1862. . 

Dec  22,1864.. 

May  21,1860.. 

Aug.  28, 1800.. 
April  80,  1861.. 

Jan.   14,1862.. 

Mmt.  21,1802.. 
July    8,1868.. 


Vtto.    1, 
Dec.  ^,  1804 
i«g.M,lSOi 

Sspt  U,]iS05 

Ji^  SO,  1806 

Asg.    4,  1802 

Oct     2,1864. 

July  20, 1866 

Aug.  «,  1000 


Nov.  10, 
Jan.   14, 1862 


Mar.  21,1862 

0,  UOO 
1,1800 


Mir 


Died  Oct  2, 180t 


No.  S— MAOALISTEE  MINISTRY. 


Arthur  Macalister 

Robert  Ramsay 

kensie 

Charles  Lilley  . . . 
Joshua  Peter  Bell 
John  Douglas  ... 


Mac- 


} 


Seeretaiy  for  Lands  •ad 
Works. 

Colonial  Secretary    

Attomev-Genersl 

Colonial  Treasurer   ...... 

Postmaster-General 


Feb.    1,1806.. 

Teh,    1,1866.. 

Sept  11,186b.. 
Dec.  22.1864.. 
IVsb.     1,  liM6.. 


July  20, 1906 

July  20, 1866 

July  20, 1866 
July  20,1866 
July  9»,]«00 


AfpeintedMaNhl, 


No.  8-HER8QtT  MINISTRY.    (Mer§$d  inio  tha  MamiitUr  JOniilPyJ 


Robert    Geoige    Wynd- 

ham  Herbert 

George  Ruff 

Ratcliffe  Pring 

John  Donal  Maclean  — 
Geonre    Elphinstone 

Dalrymple. 
John  Watts  

Thomas  Lodge  Murray- 
Prior. 


Without  Portfolio. 

Without  Portfolio. 
Attorney-General . 
Colonial  Treasurer 
Colonial  Secretary 


Secretaiy  for  I^ads  and 

Works. 
Postmaster-Qaneral ..... 


July  20,1866. 


July 
July 
July 
July 

July 

July 


20,1806. 
21,1806. 
21, 1866. 
21,1866. 

21,1866. 

21,1866. 


Aug.  7,1866 

N«F.  16, 1806 

Aug.  7, 1860 

Aug.  7, 1866 

Aug.  7,1866 

Aug.  7,1866 

Aug.  7,1866 


1^ 


iiih4--4nM»aii8nni  inmsmT. 


ArtbnrllMidigtar  . 

ClMries  Lill^ 

Jofan  DoDd  McLean 

racoeededby 
Jdm  DoQg^M 

rocowded  by 
J.B.Steptiena  ... 
Josbu  Peter  Bell  . 
John  Wiita 

saooeededby 

JohnDouglM 

George  Ball 

8tGeoi^a.Qaf«. 


Oolonial  SeeretMT 
Attorney-Oeueimf . 
Ck>loiiiafl 


Colonial  Treasurer 


Ciolonial  Treararer  

Secretary  for  PubUc  Works 
Secretary  for  Public  Works 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 

Without  porUolio 

Poetmaster-Oenenl     . . . 


Aug.  7,  ld06  . 
Ax^.  7,  1806  . 
Aug.  7,  1806  ., 

Dee.  19, 1866  . 

May  21. 1867  . 
Aug.  7, 1866  . 
Aug.  7, 1866  . 

May  21, 1807  . 
July  20, 1866  . 
Sept  18, 1866  . 


Aug.  16, 1807 
Auv.16,1867 
Dec.  16, 1806 

May  21,  1867 

Aug.  16. 1887 
Aug.  15, 1807 
May    8,1807 

Aug.  16, 1807 
Not.  16, 1806 
Aug.  15, 1807 


Died  December  M,  1866. 
Appointed  Secrstaiy  for  PoUio 


Besigned  on  leavfaigfor  England. 


No.  6— MACKENZIE  MINISTRY. 


Robt' 

Artlnir  Hunter  Palmer.... 
lithnr  Hunter  Palmer, 
niooeededby 


BiWiffePrii* 

Edeud  WmiamLamb . . 

SQQceeded  by 
Aithiir  Hunter  Psumer. . 
Thmma  Lodge   Murray- 
Prtor. 


^CdlonJa]  Treasurer  

Colonial  Secretary   

Secretary  for  Public  Works 

SeorelaiyforPobtte  W«iiks 

Attorney-General 

Secretaiy  for  Public  lAnds 

Secretary  for  Public  Lands 
Postmaster-General 


Aug.  15, 1867 
Aug.  16, 1867 
Aug.  16, 1867 

Sept  10,1868 
Aug.  16, 1807 
Aug.  15, 1867 

Sept  10,1868 
Aug.  15, 1807 


Nov.  26, 1808 
Nov.  25, 1808 
Sept  10, 1868 

Nov.  86, 1808 
Nov.  25, 1808 
Sept  10, 1808 

Nov.  26, 1808 
Nov.  26, 1808 


Na  e^-ULLKT  MINISniT. 


ChMlesLQI^y 

Iboa  Blacket  Stephens. 

succeeded  oy 
Arthur  Hodgson 

mooeededby 

Cbrles  Lilley 

Iboa  Henry  Fltagerald 

succeeded  by 
11)08.  Blacket  Stephens. 
HoiLAIfacaUster 

ancoeededby 
BoiLAMacaUster 

James  Tsylor  

RatdiirePring    

John  Douglas 

succeeded  by 
TVai  Blacket  Stephens 

sneoeedod  by 
^OsaqrBE.Qon 


Attorney-General . 
Cokmial  Secretary 

Colonial  Secretaiy 


Colonial 
Colonial 


Nov.  25, 1808 
Nov.  26, 1868 

Jan.  28, 1860 

Nov.  10, 1800 
Nov.  25, 1808 


Jan.  27, 1800  . . 
Nov,  25, 1808  . . 


Colonial  Treasurer  — 
Secretary  for  Public  Lends 

andWorka 
SecretaryforPobUcWoriEsI  Jml  SB,  1808 

and  Qoldflelds. 
Secretary  for  Public  Landsj  Jam.  28, 1800 

Attorney-General 

Postmaster-General 


Postmaater-Qeneral . 
Poitmaster-General 


Nov.  12, 1860 
Deal2,1868 


Nov.  18, 1860 
Jan.  28, 1870 


Nov.  12, 1800  . . 
Jan.  28,  1800 

Nov.  10, 1800.. 

May  8,  1870 
Jan.  27,  1800 

May  8,  1870 
Jan.tt»  1800 

May,  8,  1870 

May  8,  1870 
May  8,  1870 
Nov.  18,  1800  . . 

Jan.  28, 1870  . . 

May  S,   1870    ] 


Appointed    Colonial    Seoetary, 
November  10, 1800. 

Resigned  on  leaving  for  BmteML 


Appointed  Agent  General    tor 

BBiigratlon  tt>  ^^uecMriaBl 
Also  acted  as  Colonial  Treasurer. 


No.   y-^ALMBR  MINIBTIIT. 


Arthur  Hunter  Palmer, 
liobert  Ramsay 


by 

Joshua  Peter  Bell 

Willtam  Henrv  Walsh 
snoceedeabv 

Arthur  Hunter  ndmer 
succeeded  by 

John  Malbon  Thompeon 

John     Malbon    Thomp- 
son, 
succeeded  by 

Charles  James  Graham. . 

John  Bxanston 


Thomas  Lodge  Murray- 
Prior. 
Bobert  Bamsa    


Colonial  Secretaiy 


Colonial  Treasurer 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 

Secretary  for  Public  WorU 
Secretary  for  Public  Lands 


Secretary  for  Public  Works 
Attorney-General 


Postmaster-General 


\  Without  portfolio . . « 


May  8,  1870  . 
May  8^  18T0  . 


Mai^88,18n  .. 
May  8,  1870  . . 

July  10, 1873  .. 

July  16, 1873  .. 
May  8,  1870  .. 


July  15, 1878  . . 
May  8,  1870  . . 


May  8,  1870 
iUfZ    1870 


Jan.  8, 1974 
Mar.  98,1871 


Jto.  8,  1874 
July  10, 1878 

July  16, 1878 

Jan.  8,  1874 
July  15, 1878 


Jan.  8»  1874 
Jan.  2,  1874 


Jan.  8,  1874 
Jan.  8  18r4 


ReriMed  tho  lyeasupttsMp  Hltf^ 
SB,  1871,  but  remained  ft 
member  of  the  Minislfy. 


Also  Oolonial  Secretary. 


Resigned  on  being  hppolnled 
Attoiney-Geneiml  aft  Hwgw 
kMg. 

Representative  of  GovermnetttlB 
the  Legislative  Council. 


152 


MmiSTRSBS. 


Ka  8-1CAOALI8TEB  MOnSTBT. 


Hon.     AlBxaada    Vac- 

alliter. 
llkomaa  Bladcet  Stephens 
sncoeededby 

William  Fryar 

WIUUuu  Hemmant 

Edward  O'Donnell  Mao- 

Devitt. 
Samael  Walker  Orifflth . . 

SQOoeededby 
Tliomae McDwxaitii   .... 

Hon.    Alexander     Mao- 
aliiter. 

eocoeededby 
Heuy  Edward  Kmg  .... 

eoooeededbv 
James  Robert  Dickson  . . 


Oeorge  llkom,  Jun. 


Ookmlal  Secretary 

Secretary  for  Pabllc  lAnds 

Secretary  for  Pablic  Lands 

Colonial  Treasurer   

Attorney-General 


Attoraey-Oeneral 


Secretary  for  Pablic  Worlcs 
and  Mines 

Secretary  for  Pablic  Works 
and  Mines. 

Secretary  for  Pablic  Works 

and  Mines. 
Secretary  for  Public  Works 

and  Mines. 
Postmaster-Qeneral  .... 


Jan.  8.  1874  .. 

Jan.  8,  1874  .. 

May,  27, 1875  .. 
Jan.  8,  1874  .. 

Jan.  8,  1874  .. 
Axig.  8,  1874  . . 

Jan.  8,  1874  .. 

Oct  24, 1874  .. 

Not.  IS,  1874  .. 
May  10, 1870  .. 
Jan.  9,  1874  .. 


Junes,  1878 

May  27, 1876 
June  6, 1876 
June  6, 1870 


Aug.  S,  1874 
June  6, 1870 

Oct  24, 1874 

Nov.  14, 1874 

May  10, 1876 
June  6, 1800 
June  6, 1876 


Also  Colonial  Secretary. 


Boprasentative  of  the  Government 
in  the  LsgltlatiTe  OoondL 


Na  0— THORN  UimarrBY.-{Merffed  into  DougUu  MinUtry.) 


•Qeotge'niom 


John  Douglas 

Samuel  ^^Oker  Grilllth . 


James  Robert  Dickson 

Robert  Muter  Stewart 

•Charles  Stuart  Mein  .. 


Postmaster-General  and 
Secretary  for  Public 
Woriu  and  Mines. 
Secretary  for  Public  Lands 
Attorney-General  and  Sec- 
retary for  Public  In 
struction. 

Colonial  Treasurer   , 

Colonial  Secretary 

Postmaster-General 


June  6, 1876 


June  5, 1870 
June  6, 1870 


June  6, 1870 
June  5, 1876 
July  8,  1870 


liar.  8,  1877 


Nov.  7,1877 
Mar.  8,1877 


Mar.  (8, 1877 
Mar.  8,1877 
liar.  8,1877 


Resigned  the  portfolk)  of  Poii- 
master-General,  July  8, 187& 


Representattve  of  the  Goren- 
ment  in  the  Legiibtive 
OoancO. 


No.  10-DOUGLAS  MINISTRT. 


Hon.      John     Douglas, 

C.M.Q. 
Hon.     John     Douglas, 

aiLG. 
Samuel  Walker  Griffith . . 


James  Robert  Dickson  . . 
Robert  Muter  Stewart 

succeeded  by 
WilliamMiles 


George  Thorn 

George  Stewart  Mefai. . . 


Secretary  for  Public  Lands  Mar.  8,  1877 


Colonial  Secretary 


Attorney-General  and  Sec- 
retaiv  for  Public  In 
struction   

Colonial  Treasurer 

Colonial  Secretary , 

Colonial  Secretary 

Secretary  for  imblic  Works 

Secretary  for  Public  Works 

and  Mines. 
Secretary  for  Public  Works 

and  Mines 
Postmaster-General .... 


Nov.  7, 1877 


Junes 


June  6, 1870 
June  6, 1876 
Mar.  16, 1877 
Nov.  7,  1877 

June  6, 1877 


July  8,  1870 


Nov.  7, 1877 
Jan.  1879 
Feb.       1874 


Feb.  1878 
Mar.  16, 1877 
Nov.  7,  1877 
Sept  21 1878 

Nov.  7,  1877 


Jan.       1879  .. 


Representative  of  the  Oovcn- 
ment  in  the  LccislatiTt 
OoandL 


MTwraith  .... 
Jkrthur  Hunter  Palmer 


.J.  Murtagh  Macrossan 

Patrick  rbkins 

~  J.  Malbon  Thonipson 

Chaiies  Hardie  Buzaoott . . . . 


No.  11-M'ILWRAITH  MINISTRT. 


Colonial 

Colonial  Secretary  and  Minister  for  Pub- 
lic Instruciicm. 
Secretary  for  Public  Works  aixi  Mines.. 

Secretary  for  Lands 

Minister  for  Justice *. 

Postmaster-General  


^January,  1879 


StOllnoffloe. 


Boyle  T.  Flnniss  . . . 
Richard  D.  Hanson 
Robert  R  Torrens  . 


IV.— SOUTH  AUSTRALIA. 

No.  1— FINNISS  MINISTRY.— ('J'Vom  OcMber  f4, 18S6,  to  AxiguH  91, 1857.) 


Charles  Bonoev  

-Lieutenant-Colonel  Arthur  H  Freeling,  / 

B.E,M.LC.  ; 

succeeded^  i 

'funuel  Davenport,  M.LbC. \ 


Chi^  Secretary. 

Attomey-GenwaL 

Treasurer. 

Commissioner  for  Crown  Lands  and  Immiirration. 


igrmt 


Commissioner  for  Public  Works  to  March  20, 1867. 


Commissioner  for  PubUe  Works. 


MINISTRIES. 


163 


No. 

MmBftker,lf.L.a  

Edvud  a  OvyiiiM,  M.L.G* . 

John  Hart 

WOUunMiliM 

Arthur  Blyth  

JohnT.fiigot 


-BAKER  ]fINI8TBT.-<'i'Vom  Aygutt  9t  to  StfUmhtr  1, 1857.) 

Chtef  Secretary. 

Attonwy-OenecmL 

T^VMurer. 

Commlnloner  for  Crown  Luids  and  Immiontloii. 

OonunlMlcner  for  Pablic  Works  And  Imn^nimUon. 

SoUdtor-aenend. 


lobcrt  R.  Torrens 

mdBid  &  Andiewt 

John  B.  Hnglwi 

XinlaU MMDermoU  ... 
Burael  DftTenporty  1C.L.C 


No.  ft-TOBRENB  UrSISrTRY.-CFrmn  StpUmber  1  to  SepUwnber  $0,  J8S7,) 

Chief  Secretary. 

Attomey-OeDenU. 

TVoestirer. 

Commiedoner  tar  Crown  Lends  end  Immigration. 

Commissioner  for  Pablic  Works. 


No.  4— HANSON  UnflSmELY,'-(Fnm  StfitwUr  SO,  1857,  to  Map  9, 1880.) 


Wmin Tom^nsbead,  M  L.a, 

Kkhud  Dl  Benson 

John  Hart 

soooeeded  by 

Boyle  T.  Finniss 

Fnods  S.  Dntton  

sncceeded  by 
Mm&Neeke    

sneeesdedby 
wnnMM  whtm 

TbomeRqmolds  

sncceeded  by 
ArthvBIyth  


Chief  Secretary. 
Attomey-QeneraL 
TVsasnrer  to  June  12,  ISSS. 

TVeesorer. 

Commissioner  for  Crown  Lands  and  Immigratlop  to  June  2,  I860. 

Commissioner  for  Crown  lAnds  and  Immigration  to  Jnly  ft,  I860. 

Commissioner  for  Crown  Lands  and  Immisration. 
Commissioner  for  Public  W<»ks  to  June  lip  1868. 

Commissioner  for  Public  Works. 


George  1L  Waterhoose,  M.L.C. 
succeeded  by 

JohnXornbett.lI.L.C. 

Henry  &  T.  Stranfways 

IVmae  Reynolds  

John  T.  Beffot 

Alexander  Bay    


No.  6— BETN0LD6  MINI8TRT.H''Vtmi  May  9, 1880,  to  May  80,  IS  61.) 

Chief  Secretary  to  February  4, 186L 


Chief  Secretary. 

Attomey-OeneraL 

Treasurer. 

Commiesioner  for  Crown  Lands  and  Immigration. 

Commissioner  for  Public  Works. 


No.  »-RETNOLDe  MINISTBT.-^^V^m  ^^  ^  ^  Odobor  8, 1861.) 


JohBMorphett.]LL.C... 

Buidoiph  L  Stow  

l^mnasBeynokis  

Beniy  B.  T.  Strangways 
Alexander  Haj 


Chief  Secretary. 
Attomey-OenwaL 


CommLesioner  for  Crown  Lands  and  Immigration. 
Commissioner  for  Public  Worka 


No.  7— WATERHOUSE  lONISTRT. -{'IBVvm  Octcbef  8  to  October  17, 1861.) 

Oeorie  M.  Waterhoose,  M.L.C. 
Henry  Gawler  (Solicitor,   Lands   Titles 
Ofljoe.) 

Treasurer. 

Commissioner  for  Ckown  Lands  and  Immjgration. 

Commissioner  for  Public  Works. 


Arthm-Blyth  

^hew  Mooffhouse 
PhOip  Santo 


Chief  Secretary. 
Attomey-Qenefal. 


No.  8-WATERHOUSE  MlVISFTRY.—CFrom  Oetobor  17, 1861,  to  July  U,  188S.) 

Colonial  Seeretanr. 

Attomey-Oenerai. 

Treasurer  to  February  10, 1802. 


Geone  M.  Waterhoose,  M.L.C.  

Bandolph  L  Stow   

Tbomas  BeynokLs   

succeeded  by 

Arthur  BIyth  

Henrj'  B.  T.  Stiwigways 

John  Lindsay 

succeeded  by 
WDUem  Milne I  Commissioner  for  Public  Works. 


Treesurer. 

Commissioner  for  Crown  Lands  and  Immigration.  . 

Commissioner  for  Public  Works  to  February  10, 1862. 


Jtrtin  Hart    

Richard  a  Andrews 

Urington  Clyde 

fnnA  S.  Dutton  . . 
William  Townsend . . 
Henry  Ayers,M.LC. 


No.  0— DUTTON  MINISTRY.— f^Vom  July  A  to  July  15, 1868.) 

Chief  Secretary. 

Attomey-OeneraL 

Treasurer. 

Commiselonor  for  Crown  Lands  and  Immigration. 

CommLesioner  for  Public  Works. 

Without  Offloe 


vu 


Henry  Ay  erg,  M.L.C. 
Richard  B.  Andrews 

John  Hart 

Lavington  Glyde 

PhUlpBanto 


no.  l^-^ASSM  mNttOKT-^JVwm  .My  Slo  J^  n,  UBi.J 


Chief  Secretary. 

Attomey-OeneraL 

Treasurer. 

Ganunifldaner  of  Oimm  Lindi  and  ImmigntiaiL. 

Onmmiwioner  of  Public  Woeln. 


Henry  Ayers,  M.L.C. 
Randolph  I.  Stow  . . 

John  Hart , 

William  Milone   

Philip  Santo 


No.  11--AYERS  MINISTRY— CFrom  July  22  to  AuguH  4,1864.) 


Attomey-CteneraL 

Treasorer. 

Conuniflsioner  for  Crown  iMidi  aad  Iiuiulgiatioo. 

Oommiwrioner  Public  Worla. 


Henry  Ayers,  M.L.G. 
Randolph  L  Stow  . . . 

John  Hart 

Arthur  BIyth  

William  Milone   


No:  12— BLYTH  MINISrrRY— CJVmn  Auguit  4  to  March  22,  1865.^ 

Chief  SeofelMiy- 
AMomey-QeneraL 

Treamrer. 

Gonmiindoner  Grown  Ijmdi  and  Inaiigntloii 

Oomminioner  Public  Worloi 


Henry  Ayers,  M.L.C.  . . . 

Richard  B.  Andrews 

lliomas  Reynolds 

Henry  B.  T.  Strangnvays 
Francis  a  Dutton 


No.  IB— flIUrrON  MINISTRYHT^'Vom  Mmrh  22  to  SSq^teaider  SO,  1886.^ 

Chief  Oecvotary. 

Attomey-GeneraL 


Omranieriener  of  Orawn  Landsand 
Oommisrioner  of  Public  Works. 


]miii|0jattQQ> 


/ 


Na  14— AYERS  MINI8TBT-<i^rom  Sepiomber  20  to  October  2S.  180S.; 

Henry  Ajers,  M.L.C. 

Bichud  B.  Andrews 

Arthur  Blyth  

Henry  B.  T.  Strangways 

Philip  Santo 


Attomey-OeDend. 


Commissioner  for  Grown  Lands  and  Immigration. 
Commissioner  of  PuUic  Wortm 


No.  l&-HA»r  JgnXfBrrBr-^From  Oettbert^  1806,  toManA  27, 1888.) 


John  Hart 

James  P.  Boncaut 

Walter  Duffleld   

lAvington  Olyde 

succeeded  by 

John  B.  Neales 

Thomas  English,  M.L.C.... 


) 


Chief  Secretary. 

Attorney-General . 

Treasurer. 

Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  end  bnmigntlon,  to  No¥.  1, 1805. 

Oommisrioner  of  GkownLABda  and  Immigration. 
Commissioner  of  Public 


Arthur  Blvth  

James  P.  Uoucaut 

Walter  Duffleld   

WiUiam  Milne 

Thomas  English,  M.L.C. 


No  16— BOUCAUT  MINISTTRY— (From  March  28, 1806,  to  May  2, 1867  ) 
Chief  Secretary. 


Treasurer. 

Commissioner  of  Grown  Leads  and  IramigntioD. 

Commisrioner  of  PubUc  Woito. 


Henry  Ayers,  M.L.C. 
Richard  B.  Andrews 
T^omss  Reynolds  . . 

lAvington  Olyde 

Philip  Santo 


No.  17— ATBRS  ItOnSOtY^Fhim  Mtig\ 

Chief  Secretary 
Attorney-General. 
Treasurer. 

Commissioner  of  Grown 
Commissioner  of  ^AMe 


Ai^H^V^   •^r  ^^^^fl^^V^^V^^Vv     Mtfjp   A^H^^^^ 


Landsand  Imuitgratlen. 


John  Hart 

John  Tuthill  Bagot,  M.L.C 

Neyille  Blyth  

William  Townsend 

William  Everard 


No.  18-HART  MINI8TRY-<F!rvm  Stptetnber  24  to  October  12, 1868.) 
Chief  Baeretsiy. 


Tressurer. 

CommlsrfoBsr  «f  Qroim  Lsada  and  lonnigntion. 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works. 


Na  10— AYERS  MINISrrRY-(FromOeCoter  18  to.BroMfii»er2,1868.) 


Henry  Ayers,  M.L.C... 
Richard  B.  Andrews.. 
Thomas  Reynolda. . . . 

Lavington  Olyde 

Philip  Santa 


Chief  Secretary. 
Attomey-Ooieral. 


Comnisstooer  of  Crown  Lands  and  Immigntion. 
Commiflsioner  of  Public  Wocioa 


Mli^IBTBIEa 


mi 


Na  «M9TBA2ffeWATB  mNIflTBY-^iiVom  N9W§mkw  8»  IMI^  to  Mt^  J%  187a) 

;obiiTothmBftgot,M.L.a Chief  Secretary. 

Hnry  &  T.  Stnngwayi. Attomey-Oenenl. 

Hcnrjr  Kent  Hughes. Treasurer. 

Oommiwioner  of  Cfown  Landa  and  Immigration. 

Oommiastoner  of  Public  Woriu. 


Wentiroith  Ckvenagfa. 
Mm  OolUm. 


Xa  21— STRANG  WAYS  MINISTRY-(From  ifay  12  to  May  80, 1870.) 


AqgTMOne  Stow,  ILLlC. '  Chief  Secretary. 

Henry  B.  T.  Strangwa^B. ■  Attoraey-QenenL 

Edward  A.  Hamilton Treasurer. 


Wentwmlh  Ckyenagh.. . 
HE.  H.W.  Kricbaufl.. 


Gommiaaioner  of  Grown  lands  and  Immigration. 
Commissioner  of  Public  Works. 


No.  22.— HART  MINISTBT-<#Voiii  Mmff  SO,  1810,  tQ  Mvmmibtr  10, 1871.) 


wnHam  mhie.  M.L.C 

Kkbard  Cbaffey  Baker. 

■ucoeededby 

darlesllann. 

JohnHart,  aiLG 

Arthur  Myth. 

John  Our. 


Chief  Secretary. 
Attorney-General  to  July  21, 1871. 


Treasurer  and  Premier. 

Commissioner  of  CiWn  Lands  aodlmmlgxation. 

Commisrioner  of  Public  Woika. 


WXiam  Mihie,  M.L.G 

Walter  Mann 

Arthur  filyth 

WnUun  Townsoui  . . . 
John  Our 


No.  23.— BLYTH  IIIHI8TRY— r^nNR  Kaomber  lOtt,  1871,  to  Jamutry  22, 1872.^ 

Colonial  Secretanr. 

Attorney-General. 

Treasurer  and  Premier. 

Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Immigration. 

Gommiaaioner  ci  Public  Worka. 


No.  24.-AYERS  UnflffrBS^Ffm^  Janumnf  ^  to  Manh  4, 1871; 


Henry  Ayers,  lLL.a,  GJC.O. 

James  P.  Boncaut 

Henry  Kent  Hughes 

EdvJA  Henry  Denington. . . . 
JmwO.- 


Chief  Secretary. 


Treasurer. 

CoBunissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  ImmjgiatioiL 

Oenmiasioner  of  Publte  Works. 


Na  2&^AYEBS  HINISTRY^JViwi  Mmrtk  4, 1871^  lo  J^h  21. 1878.; 


Hr  E  Avers,  K  CHO.,  M.L.a. 

George  J.  W.  Stevenson   

John  Henry  Barrow 

Thomas  Rejmokis   

Wentworth  Gavenagh   


CMef  Beorstsi^. 

Attorney-General. 

Treasurer. 

CommisaioiMr  of  Onnm  Landi  and  Immigration. 

Commissioner  of  Public  Worlo. 


Arthur Blyth  ..., 

Charles  Hann 

Uvington  Clyde 

succeeded  by 
Geoige  Charles  Hawker  . 
William  Everard,  M.L  G.  . 
Henry  Edward  Bright  . . . 
WilUun  Henry  BouieT 

suooeodea  1 


Na  20-BLYTH  tflNISTRY-CPVvm  Jt#  21^  U78»  U  Jmu  Z,  1875.; 

Cnuef  BeeKtai^. 
Attomey-OeneraL 
Treasurer  to  May  25, 1876. 


Jofa»flfs]k«j. 


by 


Treasurer. 

Comndssioiisr  of  Crown  I«ads  and  Immigration. 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works.  _^ 

Minister  of  Justtoe  and  Education  <Bi3tClilflnis*er,iiiider!Aet  Na  9  of  UnO 

frtMB  July  2, 1874,  to  March  U,  MTfi. 
Minister  of  Justice  and  Edneatiou. 


WQUam  Morgan.  M.L.C.  . . . 
fismud  James  Way   

succeeded  by 

Henry  Oawber 

John  Oolton 

John  Peon  Boncavt     

succeeded  by 

1%omaa  Playford 

William  A  E.  West-Erskine 

succeeded  by 

James  Penn  Boucant 

EbeneierWani.. 


Na  27— BOUCAUT  MDHSTRYH^^Vmi  Jmm  8, 1878,  to  Mmreh  26, 187(1; 

Chief  Secretary. 

Attorney-General  to  March  18, 187& 


Attoraey-GeneraL 

Treasurer.  ■     - 

Cemmissioner  of  Grown  Lands  and  LBnigtaitioa  to  Febraaiy  2,  lgn» 

Commissioner  of  Crown  Landsaad  hnmigratioB. 
Ormwnlsaioner  of  Public  Works  to  Fetevaiy  2, 1878. 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works. 
Minister  of  Agriculture  and  Education. 


Geone  Charles  BawiMT. . 

Chansa  Mann 

Arthur  Bhrth  

Thomas  Flayfoitl 

James Pemi Bovcaut  ... 
Wilttan  Erenvd,  M.L.C 


Na  28-BOUCAUT  MINISTRY— f^mn  March  25  to  June  6,  1878.; 

Chief  Secretary 

Attomey-OenmL 

Treasurer 

Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Immigration. 

Commisrionor  of  Public  Wonka. 

Misistsr  c<  ff/kimtr^ffT 


1B6 


MINISTRIE& 


Vik  t^-OOLTOS  UnsnSTBY-^FnmJwu  t,  1S76, ioOckiberfa,  UOT.) 


Sir  Heuy  Ayen,  K.aiLO.,  M.L.a 

John  Oox  Bny    

Bobert  Dftlrymple  Bo« 

John  Gmt 

John  Oolton 

EbeneierW«nl  


ChiaC  Secretaiy. 

Attora^-OenonL 

TmeMurer. 

Ooz^misBioner  of  Crown  lAndi  and  LnmlgmtloD. 

Cammiflsioner  of  Public  Works. 

Hinister  of  Agricultore  and  Educatioa. 


Vo.  aO-BOUGAUT  mNISTRT-CJ'Vvm  Odober  86, 1877,  to  StpUtriber  V,  1878.; 


William  Morgan,  ]LL.a 

CharlwUann  

Jamw  Penn  Bouoaat 

Thomas  Playford 

George  Charles  Hawker 
NeTifleBlyth  


Chief  Secretary. 

Attomey-Oeneral. 

Treasurer. 

Commissiotter  of  Crown  Lands  and  Education 

Commlsdoner  of  PuhUe  Works. 

Minister  of  Education. 


^Rnniam  Morgan,  M.L.C.  , 

Charles  Hann,  O.C , 

W.  H.  Bundey,  Q.C 

Qeo.  Chas.  Hawker,  M.A.. 

Thomas  Playford  

BowlandRees 

succeeded  by 
llkomaB  King 


No.  81— MOBQAN  lONISTBY— (''Vom  Sepitmber  S7, 187a; 

Chief  Secretary. 

Treasurer. 

Attomey-OenersL 

Commissioner  of  Public  Worlcs. 

Commissioner  of  Grown  Lands  and  Immignition. 

Minister  of  Education  to  November  7, 1878. 


Minister  of  Education. 


William  llkomas  N^ier  Champ 

Thomas  Daniel  Chapman 

Francis  Smith 

John  Warrington  Rogers 

Henry  Frampton  Anstey 

William  Edward  Nairn 


v.— TASMANIA. 

No.  1— CHAMP  MINIBTRT. 

Colonial  Secretary  and  Premier 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Attomey-Oeneral 

Solicitor-Oeneral    

8eoretai7  of  Lands  and  Works 

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 


} 


Nov.  1,1866.. 

Deals,  1866  .. 
1^  Nov.  1,1866.. 


FebLS6,1857 

FebLS6,1667 
F^bi  26, 1857 


Thomas  Georffe  Oregson 

Charles  Mereoith 

John  Compton  Oregson 

James  Whyte 

MaxweU  Miller 

John  Helder  Wedge  ... 


No.  2-^REOSON  MINISTBT. 

Colonial  Secretary  and  Premier 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Attom^-Oeneral 

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 
Seat  In  Executive  Council  without  office 
Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 


-Feb.  86, 1867. 


Aprfltf,18S6 


wniiam  Pritchard  Weston 

'Vniliam  Henty 

Frederick  Maitiand  Innes. 

Francis  Smith 

Iliomas  John  Knight 

Bobert  Quayle  Kermode  . , 


No.  8— WESTON  MINIBTRT. 

Premier  without  office 

Colonial  Secretuy 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Attomey-Oeneral 

SoUdtor-Oeneral    

Seat  in  Executive  CouncU  without  office 


'Apr.  86,1867.. 


Miylt,l867 


Francis  Smith 

WHIiamHentv    

Frederick  kaiUand  Innes 

Thomas  John  Knight    

Robert  Ouayle  Kermode  . . 
William  Pritchard  Weston 
JohnWalker   


No.  4— SMITH  MINISTRY. 

Attomer-Oeneral  and  Premier 

Colonial  Secretaiy 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Solicitor-General    

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 
Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 
Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 


^Mayl8,1867 


Nov.  1, 1800 


Wniiam  Pritchard  Weston 

William  Hentv    

Frederick  Maitiand  Innes 

Thomas  John  Knight    

succeeded  by 
Wmiam  Lambert  Dobeon 
WllliamArcher  


No.  6-WESrON  MINISTRY. 

Premier  without  office     

Colonial  Secretary 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Attorney-General  

Attoraey-General 

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 


Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov.  1, 
Nov.  8, 


1. 
1. 


Feb.  6, 
Nov.  a, 


1860 
1860 
1860 
1860. 

1861. 
1860. 


July  88, 1861 
Aug.  2,1881 
8,1881 
4,1861 


Aug. 
Feb. 


Aug. 
Aug. 


2,1801 
8,1861 


MINISTRIES. 


167 


TbooQM  Daniel  Chapmaii. 
FilUam  Hcnty    

succeeded  by 
Frederick  Maitland  Innes 
FVederick  Mftitiaod  Innee 

succeeded  by 
ThooM  Daniel  Chj^nnan. 
Wllliam  Lambert  Dobson 


Na  6-CHAPVAN  MINISTBT. 


Premier  without  office 
Colonial  Secretary     . . 


Oolonial  Secretary. 
Colonial  Treasurer 


Colonial  Treasurer  and  Premier 
Attomey-Oeneral 


Aug.  2, 1861 

Aug.  2,  isei 

Nov.  1, 1862 
Aug.  2, 1861 

KoT.  1, 1882 
Aug.  2, 1862 


Kov.  1, 1862 
Nov.  1,  1862 

Jan.  20, 1863 
Nov.  1,  1862 

Jan.  20, 1803 
Jan.  20, 1863 


James  Whyte 

Charles  Meredith  .. 
Bobert  Barron  Miner 
Junes  Mune  Wilson 


No.  7— WHYTE  MINIfiTTBT. 


Oolonial  Secretary  and  Premier 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Attorney-General 

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 


} 


Jan.  20, 1863. 


Nov.  24, 1866 


Sr  Richard  Dry 

Thomas  Daniel  Chapman. 
Wmiam  Lambert  Dobaon 


No.  8-DRY  MINI8TRT. 

Colonial  Secretary  and  Premier    (  Nov.  24, 1866 . . 

Colonial  Treasurer Nov.  24, 1866 . . 

Attorney-General  |  Nov.  24, 1866  . . 


Aug.  1, 1860 
Aug.  4, 1800 
Aug.  A,  1860 


Junes  Milne  Wilson 

Thomas  Daniel  Chapman . 
WiUiam  Ijunbert  Dobaon 

succeeded  by 
WiUiam  Robert  Giblin  . . . 

Henry  Butler 

Henry  Butler 

Junes  Alfred  Dunn   


No.  9- WILSON  MINISTRY. 

Colonial  Secretary  and  Premier    .... 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Attorney-General 


Attorney-General  

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 

Minister  of  Lands  and  Works 

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 


Aug.  4, 
Aug.  4, 
Aug.  4, 

Feb.  5, 
Aug.  6, 
Oct.  27, 
Aug.  6, 


1860 
1860 
1860 

1870 
1860 
1860 
1860 


I  Nov.  4, 1872 
Feb.    S,  1870 

Nov.  4,  1872 


Nov. 
Nov. 


4. 


1872 
1872 


Frederick  MalUand  Innes 

Junee  Reid  Scott   

John  Alexander  Jackson  . 
Charles  Meredith    


Na  10-INNES  MINISTRY. 


Colonial  Treasurer  and  Premier 

Colonial  Secretarv 

Attorney-General 

Minister  of  Lands  and  Works. . . 


} 


Nov.  4,1872  .. 


Aug.  4,  187S 


No.  11— KENNERLY  MINIflTRY. 


Alfred  Kennerly 

Thomas  Daniel  Chapman . 

succeeded  by 

George  GHmore 

PhilUp  Oakley  Fysh 

iuooeededby 
Frederick  Maitland  Innes 
Wflliam  Robert  GibUn     . 
WUliam  Moore    


Premier  without  office 
Colonial  Secretary .... 


Colonial  Secretary  . 
Colonial  Treasurer. 


Colonial  Treasurer 

Attorney-General 

Minister  of  Lands  and  Worics 


Aug.  4,  1878  . 
Aug.  4,  1873  . 

April  10, 1876  . 
Aug.  4,  1873  . 

Mar.  IS,  1876  .. 
Aug.  4,  1873  . , 
Aug.  4,  1873  . . 


July  20,  1876 

April  1,  1876 

July  20,  1876 

Mar.  IS,  1875 


} 


July  20, 1876 


Tlioinas  Reibey  . 
Charkfl  Meredith 


Charlea  Hasxilton  Bromby  . 

Christopher  O'Reilly 

WiJOiam  Lodewyk  Crowther 


{ 


No.  12— REIBEY  MINISTRY. 

Colonial  Secretary  and  Premier 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Minister  of  Lands  and  Works    

Attorney-General  

Mmister  of  Lands  and  Works 

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 


} 


July  20, 1876. 

Aug.  21, 1876  .. 
July  20, 1876  . 


I  Aug.  9,  1877 
Aug.  21,  1876 


} 


Aug.  0,  1877 


No.  IS-FYSH  MINIOTRY. 


Philip  Oakley  f^Bh    .. 
William  Robert  GibUn 


WDIiam  Moore. 


Alfred  Dobson 

Nicholas  John  Brown 
Jimes  Wilson  Agnew 


Premier  without  office 

Attorney-General  

Colonial  Treasurer 

Minister  of  Lands  and  Works    

Colonial  Secretarv 

Attomey-Generaj  

Minister  of  I^uids  and  Works ' 

Seat  in  Executive  Council  without  office 


Aug.  0,  1877  . . 
Aug.  0,  1877  . . 
Aug.  18,  1877  .. 
Aug.  0,  1877  . . 
Aug.  13,  1877  .. 
Aug.  18,  1877  .. 
Aug.  11,  1877  . . 
Aug.  9,   1877  . . 


SU11  in  Ministry 
Auff.  12,  1877 
Still  in  office 
Avx.  12,  1877 
Stm  in  office 

Ditto 

Ditto 
StiU  hi  Ministry 


Wniiam  Lodewyk  Crowther 

Thomas  Reiby 

David  Lewis 

John  Stokell  Dodds  

Christopher  O'Reilly 


Na  14-CROWTHER  MINISTRY. 


Premier,  without  office    

Colonial  Secretary 

Colonial  Treasurer 

Attorney-General 

Minister  for  Lands  and  Works 


Dec.  20, 1878 
Dec.  20, 1878 
Dec.  20, 1878  . . 
Dec.  20, 1878 
Dec.  20, 1878 


Still  in  office. 


13R 


iflNISTRIES. 


VI.— VICTOBXA. 

No.  1— HAINB8  MINIOTBY. 


WiUUon Clark  Haines  ... 
William  Foster  SUwell.. . 

saooeededbv 
Thos.  Howard  Fellows .... 

Charles  Sladen    

Charles  Pasley    

Hugh  CallinflT  Eardloy  Child 

succeed^  by 

John  Goodman   

Andrew  Clarke    

Robert  Molesworth    

succeeded  by 
Thomas  Howard  Fellows > 

succeeded  by 
Robert  Sacheverel  Wilmot  Sitwell    .. 
Wm  Heniy  FaucourtMitchell,  M.L.as 

1  Appoints  Chief  Jnvtice  at  tlus  date. 
Korcmber  21,1695. 


Chief  Secretaiy  .. 
Attorney-General 


Attoraey-OenenJ  

Treasurer 

CommisBioner of  Public  Worlcs    ..... 
Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Survsyor-Oeneral 

Solldtor-Qeneral , 


SoUdtor-QenenJ 


SoIldtor^Jeneral    

Without  office    , 

2  Appoiatad  Pvtmm-JuAtS*  at  thit  date. 


Not.  28,1866.. 
Nov.  28,1866.. 

Feb.  26,1857.. 
Nor.  28,1866  .. 
Nov.  28, 1866  . . 
Nov.  28,1866.. 

Feb.  25,1857.. 
Nov.  28, 1855  . . 
Nov.  28, 1855  . . 

JUMi27, 1856.. 

F^b.  28,  1867.. 
Nov.  28, 1855 


r.  11, 1857 
FW>.  25,  U67I 

Mar.  11,  1857 
Mar.  11,  18&7 
Mar.  11,  1857 
fWx25,  IttT* 

Mar.  11,  1857 
Mar.  11,  1857 
June  17,  1856 

Fri).  9^  18S7 

Mar.  11,  1857 
Mar.  11,  1857 


S  Sworn  ia  u  a  Member  of  tbt  Eseentin  CooBca, 


John  O'Shanassy    

Henry  Samuel  Chapman'    

John  Veeey  Fit^erald  Foster    , 

Charles  Gavan  Duffy    

Augustus  Fredc.  Adolphus  Greeves* 
GeorBS  Samuel  Wegg  Home  


No.  2-0-SHANAfiSY  MINI8CBT. 

Chief  Secretary 

Attorney-General 

Treasurer 

Conimisnoner  of  Public  Works    

Commisdoner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Commisrioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  9arvty 
Selidtor-GsRsral 


^Mar.U,  1857. 


April  29, 1857 


John  Dennistoun  Wood* 

1  Not  a  Member  of  PArlktnraiit.         8  Not  ie-eleeted  afler  raeatinff  aeat  io  Puliamctit  upon  aeeeptaM*  of  ofllee.        S  Not  a  tft«%er  of 
Parliament  ttom.  date  of  accepting  office  until  April  70, 1867. 


William  Clark  Haines  

Archibald  Mlefaie    

Charles  Hotson  Ebden 

David  Moore 

James  McCulloch   

Thomas  Howard  Fellows 

Wm.  Henry  ftacourt  Mitchell 
James  Ford  StradMi,  MwL.C.i 


Na  S-HAINES  MINISTRY. 

Chief  Secretary 

Attoraey-Cteneral  

Treasurer 

President  of  the  Board  of  Land  uid  Works 

Commisdoner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Solicitor-General    

Postmaster-General 

Without  office 


-April  29, 1857 


1  Strom  in  aa  a  Member  of  the  Eneetttive  Covncil,  Mny  27, 18S7. 


Mar.  10,  1858 


John  O'Shanas^    

Hienry  Sarousl  Chapman  . . . . 

George  Hasker 

Charles  Gavui  Duffy 

succeeded  by 

George  Samud  Evans  

HenryMiUer   

Richard  Davies  Irdand    . . . . 

Gtoige  Samud  Evans  

George  Samuel  Wegg  Home 
Thomas  McCombie,  M.L.C.> 


{ 


No.  4-0'SHANASSY  MINISTRY. 

Chief  Secretary ." 

Attorney-General 

lYeasurer 

President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 
Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  SurvQr 
Commisdoner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Surv^ 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Solidtor-General    

Postmaster-General  

Commissioner  of  PubUe  Works    

Without  office    


Mar. 

Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Dec 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Dec 
Mar. 


10, 1858 . . 
10, 1868  . . 
10,1868.. 
10,  1858  . . 

21,  1858  . . 

22,  1858.. 
10,  1858  . . 
10,  1868.. 
10,  1868  . . 
21,  1858  . . 
10,  1858.. 


1  Sworn  in  as  a  Member  of  the  Eaecntivc  Conncil,  October  2f7,  IbSS. 


No.  5-NICHOL80N  MINISTRY. 


William  Nidiolson    

John  Dennistoun  Wood   

James  McOuUoch   

James  Service 

succeeded  by 
Vincent  Pyke  

succeeded  by 
Augustus  Fredc  Adolphus  Greeves 


.( 


John  Charles  King 

succeed  by 
James  Goodall  Frands 

succeeded  by 
John  Robinson  Bailey 

succeeded  by 
Vincent  Pyke  


Vincent  P>-ke  

succeeded  by 

John  Robinson  Bailey 

Travers  Adamson   

succeeded  by 

James  Frederic  Hartley   

John  Robinson  Bailey  

succeeded  by 

Hibbert  Newtown 

Thomas  Howard  Fellows^  M.L.C. 


Chief  Secretary ' 

Attorney-General  

Treasurer 

Preddent  of  the  Board  of  liuid  and  Works  and 

Commisdoner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey. 
President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works  and 

Commisdoner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey. 
President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works  and 

Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey. 
Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

and  Commissioner  of  Public  Works. 
Vioe-Preddent  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Wori» 

and  Commisdoner  of  I'ubHc  Works. 
Vice-Preddent  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

and  Commissioner  of  Public  Worlcs. 
Vico-Preddent  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

and  Commisdoner  of  Public  Works. 
Commisdoner  of  Trade  and  Customs 


Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 
Solidtor-Qeneral    


SoUdtor-General    . . 
Postmaster-General 

Postmaster-General 
Without  office    . . . . 


Oct  27,  1850..) 
Oct  27,  1850.. 
Oct  27,  1850.. 
Oct  27,  1859  . . 

Sept  8^  1800 . . 

Sept  24,  I860.. 

Oct  27,1850.. 

Nov.  25,1860  .. 

Sept  3,1800.. 

Oct.     2, 1800 . . 

Oct  27,1850.. 

Oct  29, 1800  . . 
Oct  27,1859.. 

Mar.    5, 1860  . . 
Oet  27, 1860  . . 

Oct  29,1860.. 
Oet  27,1800.. 


Oct  27.1859 
Oct  27,  I860 
Oet  27,  1850 
Mar.  22,  1859 
Mar.  22,  1859 
Oct  27,  1869 
Oct  27,  1859 
Oct  27,  1869 
Oct  27,  1«9 
Oct  27,  1860 
Oct  27,  1859 


Nov.  28,  18» 
Nov.  20,  1880 
Nov.  28,  1880 
Sept  3,  1889 

Sept  24,1860 

Nov.  26,  18« 
Nov.  25,  1859 
Septs,  1880 
Oet  2,  1889 
Nov.  26,  1889 
Oet  29,1919 

Nov.  26,  1*» 
Mar.   6,  1880 

Nov.  28,  I860 
Oct  29,  1869 

Nov.  26,  m 
Nov.  26.  I860 


JONISTBIBBL 


HBO 


No.  6— HEALES  MINIBKEBX. 


fiichtfdHeales   

Biebird  DtYies  Ireland. 


by 


BottarCbteAninaU 
(kotfeFndenc  Verdon 
Mm  Henry  BRx>ke 


ham  Stewart  Johnston  . . 

racoeedtdby 
JuMB  MacpherBon  Grant 

Robert  StirliBg  Anderson . . 

■oooeedadby 
GaocBB  Brodto    

sncoeededby 


by 
JmM  f orreiter  SnttlTan 

Tbomas  Loader  

■neoeededby 

Jobs  Honslon 

John  fiUMQ  Humilniy    . . 


BQcooeded  by 

John  MaA«^^     

ThooMTtvner  A'Beckett,  M.L.G  *  ) 
David  EUiot  WUkie,  M .Ua' f 


Ohief  Secretary  .. 
Attomey-GenerBl 


Attomey-Oenend 

TVeasurer 

President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works  and 

commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Surrey. 
Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

and  commissioner  of  Public  Works. 
Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

and  Cammindoner  of  Public  Works. 
Oommiaiioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 


Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Cosfeoms 


Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs | 


Commissioner  of  TVade  and  Cdstoms 
Commissionerof  Bailways 


Oommisrfcmer  of  Railwi^ 
Commissioner  of  Uines  . . 
Postmaster-CJenMal  


Postmaster-Ckneial 
Without  office    


Von  2B»  I8B0' . . 
Not.  26, 1800  . 

JtQySO,  1861  . 
Nov.  26, 1860  . 
Not.  26, 1860  . 

Not.  26,1800. 

Feb.  20, 1861 . 

Not.  26, 1860 . 

F^eb.  20, 1801  .. 

Mar.  6,  1861 . 
Mar.  21, 18611.. 

June  10, 1861  . 
Not.  26, 1860  . 

Hay  21,  1891  . 
Not.  26,  1860  . 
Dec.  4,  1860. 

April  26, 1861  .. 
Not.  26,1800.. 


1  Bcaigaad  oflrr,  withoot  Mlarjr,  on  M«rch  SI,  18SI ;  re-appotatcd  on  the  tuam  (Uto  with  aalai 


E«Kativ»CoBiicU,  Janomrj  7,  ISU.       3  Sworn  is  u  a  Member  of  tho  EkMutiTe  Couaell,  Sept«nh«r  S,  18SI 


fSTl 


IMI 


2  Sworn  in  •■  a< 


Not.  14;  1881 
Jtdy  29,  18SL 

Not.  14,  1861 
Not.  14,  1861 
Not.  14,  1861 

Feb.  so;  1861 

Not.  14,  1861 

Feb.  20,  1861 

Mar.  4,  nor 

Mar.  21,  18611 
June  10,  1861 

Not.  14,  1861 
Doe.  4,    1860 

Not.  14,  1801 
Not.  14,  1801 
Mar.  21,  1801 

Noit.  U,.1801 
Nor.  11,  186L. 

of  tin 


Jwa  ^'ffhsnasBT    

roiiun  Clark  Babies  . 
ttdiaTd  Daties  Iretaad 
John  DsnnistoHn  Wood 
ChartesGSvan  Duf|y ... 


fttewsrt  Johnston 


Itobert  Stirlinsr 

Oeorae  Samuel  Evans   

WflLHsnKy  Eaaeoun4litefa0U,U.L.C. 
Charles  MteMahen 


No.  7-<0'SHANAflBT  MINIBTBT. 

Chief  Secretary 

Treasurer 

Attoroey-deneral 

Minister  of  Justice 

President  of  the  Boaid  of  Landsnd  Works  and 

GoumissioDer  o<  Grown  Lands  and  Survey. 
Vice- President  of  the  Board  of  Land  sod  Works 

and  CommisBioner  of  Public  Works. 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Postmaster-General  

Commissioner  of  Bailways  and  Boads. 

WithoatolBee    


Not.  14,1861  .. 
Nov.  14, 1861  .. 
Nov.  14,1861  .. 
Nov.  14,1861  .. 
Nov.  14,1861  .. 

Not.  14, 1861  .. 

Nov.  14, 1861.. 
Dec.  80, 1861  . . 
Dec  80,1861  .. 
Nov.  14, 1861  . . 


» June  27, 1868. 


No.  8-M*CULL0CH  MINISTRY. 


James  M'CuHoch    

Owtgt  Higinbotbam 

Oeor)g|e  Frederic  Verdon  . 

Biehard  Heales  

succeeded  l^ 
J«Ms  Maqjiherson  Xkmxt 


Matthew  Hervey 

succeeded  by 
Wm.  Mountford  Kinsey  Vale 


James  Goodall  Francis  . . . 

James  Forrester  Sullivan . 

Busoeeded  by 

John  jStcgngot 

James  Macphersen  Grant. 

TPMHWWlwi  bt 

Henry  Miner    

succeeded  by 
John  Msfigregor 

succeeded  by 
James  Forrester  fiulKtaik. 


AieUbdkl  MMiie    

Bucoeededby 

Samuel  Henry  Blndon 

TbonoBs- Howard  Fellows  . . . . , 

sueceededby 

James  M*CuUocb 

QeorvB  Wnrd  Cole,  M,L.C.«. . 


Chief  Secretary 

Attoney^^ileneral  

Treasurer 

President  of  the  Board  of  land  and  Works  and 

Commissfcmer  of  Qrown  Lands  snd  Sorvey. 
Preskkn*  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  WotIdb  and 

Oommissionsr  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey. 
Vio»*President  of  the  Board  of  Laud  and  Works 

and.  Commissioner  of  PuUie  Works. 
Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  sad  Works 

and  Commissioner  of  Public  Worin. 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Minister  of  Mines  


Minlsterof  Minee... 
Vioe-Hreeideniof  the 

and  Commissioner 
Vico-Presideotof  the 

and  Gommiaaioner 
Vice-President  of  the 

and  Conunissioner 
Vice-President  of  the 

and  Commissioner 
Minister  of  Justioe    . 


Board  of  UuDdand  Works 
of  Railways  and  Roada 
Board  of  iiandand  Works 
of  Railways  and  Beads. 
Board  of  Landaad  Works 
of  Railwam  and  Bonds. 
Boacd  of  Land  and  Works 
of  Railways  and  Beads. 


Minister  of  Justice 
Postmaster-General 

Postmaster-General 
Without  office    


June  27, 1868 
June  27, 1868 
June  27, 1868 
June  27, 1888 

Sept.  6, 1864 

June  27, 1863 

July  18, 1806 

June  27, 1S63 
June  27, 1863 

July  18, 1866 
June  27, 1863 

July  18, 1866 

Jan.  21, 1867 

March4,1867 

July  14, 1863 

Jnly  18, 1866 
Oct  14, 1863 

May  0,  1864 
June  27, 1868 


May  0, 1868 
May  6,1808 
May  6,1868 
Jone  19, 18041 

May     0^1808 

July  22,1865 

lisflf  •    6, 1888' 

May  6. 1868 
July  18,1866 

May  6^1868 
Sept.    6, 1864 

Jan.  16,1867 

March  4, 1867 

May     6»18e8 

Jnly  18»186a 

May  6,1868 
Mar.  24, 1864 

May     6, 1868 
I  May     6, 1868 


1  Died  at  thie  date.      2  Swwoi  ia-aa  •  Utmbtit  of  the  aaeeatiTaCceaeO,  Ncremhcr  10, 18S7. 


160 


MINISTRIES. 


Cbules  Sladen,  ILL.C , 

Thomas  Howard  Fellowa . . . . , 
Morgan  AuguBtiuM'Donnell. 

Edward  Laogton 

Dnncan  QUlea^    


Kieliaal  0*Gradji 


William  Bajles    

Georgo  BmDoe  Kerf  erd 


Na  O-SLADEN  HIKISTRT. 

Chief  Secretary  

Minisler  of  Jiutloe    

Attorney-General 

Treamurer 

President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Worics  and 

Oommisdoner  of  Gkown  Lands  and  Survey. 
Yioe-President  of  the  Board  of  Lands  and  Woriu 

and  Commissioner  of  Public  Works. 

Commissioner  of  lYade  and  Customs 

Minister  of  Mines  and  Vice-President  of  the 

Board  of  Land  and  Works. 


May  6, 1868 
May  6, 1888 
May  6, 1888 
May  6, 1868 
May  6, 1868 

May  6, 1868 

May  6, 1868 
May  8, 1868 


^ 


hJatyll,1880 


1  Not  re-elected  after  ruatlag  Mai  in  PerlianMtat  apoa  eecepteaee  of  ofllee. 


No.  lO-M'CULLOCH  MINISTRT. 


James  Forrester  Sullivan. 


Geoige  Higinbotham 


{ 


James  M'CuIloch    f  Chief  Secretair  and  Treasurer 

James  Mscpherson  Grant |  President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works  and 

Commissioner  of  Crown  Leads  and  Survey. 

Minister  of  Mines 

Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

Commissioner  of  Railways  and  Roads    

Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

(without  salary). 
Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Attomey-Goieral  

Minister  of  Justice 

Solicitor-General    

Commissioner  of  Railways  and  Roads 
Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

Postmaster-General 

Commissioner  of  Public  Woiks 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 
Commisdoner  of  Railways  and  Roads 


Wm.  Mountf ord  Klnsey  Vale 

George  Paton  Smith 

James  Jos^h  Casey 

Charles  Edwin  Jones 

George  Vemey  Smith   

John  M'Crae,  M.L.C. 

George  Rolfe^ 

WlUiam  Wilson  


1  Xofc  a  Member  of  ParliamcBt  at  time  of  appolntmcat :  but  wat  etected  foi  Crowlands,  Octobers,  18Se, 


July  11, 1868  .. 
July  11, 1868  .. 

July  11, 1868.. 
Feb.  1,1860.. 
April  12, 1868  .. 
July  11, 1868  . . 

July  11, 1868  . . 
July  11, 1868  .. 
July  11, 1868.. 
Sept  8,1869  .. 
July  11, 1808.. 
Aug.  8, 1868  . . 
July  11, 1868  .. 
Jan.  25, 1809  . . 
Sept.  2,  1860  . . 
Sept  2,  1800  .. 
after  the  letireainit 


8ept80,18n 
Sqit20, 1800 

Sept  20, 1880 
Sept  20, 1809 
Seat.  2,1868 
F^     1,1868 

May  25,1868 
Sept  20, 1809 
Sept  20, 1809 
Sept  20. 1809 
March  9. 1889 
March  9, 1808 
Sept.  20, 1809 
Sept  20, 1809 
Sept  20, 1809 
Sept  20,1809 
of  the  Miaiatrr. 


No.  11— M'PHERSON  MINISTRY. 


John  Alexander  MTherson . . 

Robert  Byme> 

snooeededby 

Graham  Berry 

Moigan  Augustus  M'Donneli 
James  M'Kean 


Isaac  Godfrey  Beeves  > 

snooeededby 

William  M'Lellan 

Edward  Cohen 

John  Thomas  Smith 

Francis  Longmore 

Butler  Cole  Aspinall 

GUeb  Joshua  Jenner,  M.L.C.*    

1  Not  re-elected  after  Tacatlag  teat 
October  S,  18SS. 


Chief  Secretary 
Tkeasurer 


Treasurer ^ 

Attom^-General  

President  of  the  BoMtl  of  Land  and  Works  and 

Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey  . 
Commissioner  of  Public  Works 


Commissioner  of  Public  Works 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs  . 

Minister  of  Mines 

Commissioner  of  Railways  and  Roads. 

Solicitor-General    

Without  offloe    


Sept  20, 1809.. 
Jan.  21, 1870. . 
Sept  20, 1809.. 

Jan.  19,1870.. 
Sept  SO,  I860.. 


Jan.  19, 1870. . 
.|    Sept  20, 1869.. 
ia  ParUancat  upon  acceptance  of  ofllee.       2  Sworn  in  aa  a  Member  of  the 


(April  9, 1870 
(  Jan.  21, 1870 


} 


AprU9,I870 
Jan.  10,1870 


James  M'Culloch    

Archibald  Michie    

James  Goodall  IVands 

Thomas  Tumor  a'Beckett,  ML.C. 

William  Wilson  

John  Alexander  M*Pherson 


5* 

Wi 


'enry  John  Wrixon 

^illiam  Bates 

Angus  Mackay 


Na  12-M<CULL0CH  MINISTRY. 

Chief  Secretary 

Attorney-General  

Treasurer 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Commissioner  of  Railways  aad  Roads 

President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works  and 
Commissioner  of  Croura  I^nds  and  Survey  . 

Solidtor-General    

Commissioner  of  Public  Worln 

Minister  of  Mines 


^ 


^April  9, 1870. 


June  19, 1871 


No.lS-M'CULLOCH  MINISTRY. 


Charles Gavan  Duffy.... 
James  M'HierBon  Grant 


Graham  Berry... 
Michael  O'Grady. 


Frauds  Longmore 


William  M'Lellan   

Howard  Spensley   

Graham  Berry 

suooeeded  by 

William  Mountf  ord  Kinsoy  Vale   ... 

Robert  Walsh 

William  Arthur  Calbuider  a'Beckett, 

M.L.C.i  succeeded  by 
Caleb  Joshua  Jenner,  M.L.CL 


Chief  Secretary 

President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works  and 
Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey. 

Treasurer 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works  and  a  Vice- 
President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works. 

Commissioner  of  Railwasrs  and  Roads  and  a  Vice- 
President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works. 

Minister  of  Mines 

Solidtor-General    

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 


Commiisioner  of  Ttade  and  Customs 

Attorney-General  

Without  office    


Without  office 


JZiS-llS::  }"«-i«^"« 


June  19, 1871 . . 
June  19, 1871.. 

June  10, 1871 . . 

June  19, 1871 . . 
June  19, 1871 . . 
June  19, 1871 . . 

Nov.  28, 1871 . . 
July  6,  1871.. 
June  19, 1871 . . 


Msy21,1878 

Jane  10, 1872 

Nov.  28, 1871 
Jane  10,1872 


1  Swora  Sb  aa  a  Mmber  of  tlw  ExeeatiTe  Coaacil,  J  vly  31, 1871. 


MINISTRIES. 


161 


No.  14-FRANCI8  MINISTRY. 


Jiawi  GoodaJl  Fnacis 

Edwud  lADgUm 

James  JoMph  GMey  . . 


James  Wilberforee  Stephen 

Buooeeded  by 

Qmgt  Briflooe  Kerferd    

DoQcui  Gillies 

G«xge  Briflooe  Kerferd    

Edvuti  Cohen 

Aagm  Mmckxy 

Aleuoder  Fnaer,  1LL.C 

succeeded  by 
Robert  Stirling  Anderaon,  M.L.C. 

James  Joseph  Oseey 

James  Wilberforee  Stephen 

succeeded  by 

Aims  Msclcay 

KoMrtBunsay  


{ 


Chief  Secretary 

TreMorer  and  roetmaater-Oeneral 

Conuniasioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey 
and  President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and 
Worlu   

Attorney-General  


Attorney-General  

Commissioner  of  Railways  and  Roads 

Solicitor-General    

Commisaioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Minister  of  Mines 

Commissioner  of  Public  Worlcs 

Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Worica 

Vloe-Preeident  of  the  Board  of  I^nd  and  Worlcs 

Minister  of  Agriculture  

Minister  of  Public  Instruction 


Minister  of  Public  Instruction 
Without  office    


i>Jttnel0.1872. 


} 


May   2,1874.. 

June  10, 1879.. 

June  14, 1872.. 
June  17, 1872.. 

May  4.1874.. 
June  19, 1872.. 
Jan.    2,1878.. 

May  4,1874.. 
June  10, 1872.. 


July  8,1874 
May  1,  1874 


j- July  81, 1874 
M^  1,  1874 


>  July  81, 


1874 


(jeot^  Briscoe  Kerferd 
James  Joseph  Casey  . . . 


Daneui  Gillies. 


Robert  Stirling  Anderson,  M.L.C. 


Edwird  Cohen. 
Ai^^Mackay. 


James  Service 

Kobcrt  Uamsay   

TowiMendM'Dermott 


No.  16— KERFERD  MINISTRY. 

Premier  and  Attorney-Genera! 

Commissioner   of  Crown  Lands  and    Survey,, 

President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works,! 

and  Minister  of  Agriculture | 

Commissioner    of    Railways    and    Roads  and 

a  Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and 

Works    

Commissioner    of   Public   Works  and  a  Vice 

President  of  the  Board  of  Laud  and  Works  . . 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Minister   of    Mines   and    Minister    of   Public 

Instruction  « 

Treasurer  

Postmaster-General  

Solicitor-General    [/ 


^Ju]y81,1874. 


Aug.  7, 1876 


Gnham  Berry 

James  Munro 

f'nkQds  Longmore 


John  Woods 

Wniiun  CoUaid  Smith 
PWerUlor  


I 


{ 


James  Brown  Patterson   | 

Robert  Le  Poer  Trench*  

James  Macphenon  Grant 

Wniiam  Arthur  Callander  a'Beckett, 
JLLC. 


Na  16-BERRY  MINISTRY. 

Premier  and  Treasurer 

Chief  Secretary  in  lieu  of  Premier,  which  office 

he  vacated. 

Minister  of  Public  Instruction  

President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works  and 

Commiasioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey. 

Minister  of  Agriculture  

Commissioner  of  Railways  and  Roads 

Vioe-Prcaddent  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

Minister  of  Mines 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs  and  Poat- 

master-CtoneraL 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works 

Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 

Attorney-General  

Minister  of  Justice 

Without  office     


Aug.  7, 1875.. 
Aug.  10,1876.. 

j-Aug  7,1875.. 

Aug.  28, 1876.. 
Aug  .7,1875.. 
Aug.  23, 1876.. 

■•Aug.  7,1876.. 

Aug.  23, 1876.. 

j-Aug.  9,1876.. 

Aug.  7, 1876.. 


^ 


I-  Oct  aO,  1S76 


1  Not  ft  Member  of  ParlUnest. 


No.  17-M*CULL0CH  MINISTRY. 


Sir  James  M*Culloch 

John  Alexander  MacPherson 
Oooijie  Briscoe  Kerferd 


Duncan  Gillies. 


Robert  Bamsay 


Robert  Stirling  Anderson,  M.L.C. 

John  Madden  1 

William  M'Lellan    

Joseph  Jones* 


( 


Premier  and  Treasurer 

Chief  Secretary 

Attorney-General   

Conuniasioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Survey  and 
President  of  the  Board  of  Land  and  Works. 

Minister  of  Agriculturp    

Minister  of  Public  Instruction  and  Postmaster- 
General. 

Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs 

Minister  of  Justice    

Minister  of  Mines 

Commissioner  of  Railways  and  Roads,  Commis- 
sioner of  Public  Works,  and  Vice-President  of 
the  Board  of  Land  and  Works 


Oct.  20,1875.. 


Oct  26,1876.. 


^Oct.20, 1876.. 


I 


J 


>■  May  21, 1877 


1  Not  \  Member  of  Parliftment  from  date  of  accepting  ofEce  ontil  Jaly  27,  U76. 
MBcc  uUl  JftDiiar;  17, 1816. 

I 


2  Kot  a  Member  of  Parliftmeat  from  date  of  ac(  eptir  g 


162 


MINT— MI88I0NS. 


GnJuun  Berry 

FittDcb Longpiore  .... 
William  CoUard  Smith 


James  Brown  Pattenou   , 

Robert  Le  Poer  Trench . . . 
Maqphenon  Qxaot . 


Peter  Lalor 

John  Woods 

Petsr  Lalor  

succeeded  by 
H«KyCuthbert»H.La  . 


X 


\ 


] 


MaySl^lSTT 


Now  1&— BEBBT  MUnaTET. 

Chief  Secretary  and  Treasuicr 

President  of  the  Boant  of  Lawl  and  Wotlcs  and 

Commisaieiier  of  Cvown  Laada  and  Siinrey      i 

Ministerof  AcrtcuUnre  I    llay28,1877 

Minister  of  ^nes  and  Minister  of  PvhUc  In-, ) 

struction  «.. >May9l«1837  .. 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works \) 

Vice-President  of  the  Boasd  of  Uad  mm&  Wocks     May  28, 1817  . . 


>  May  22,1817.. 

June  11,1877  .. 
May  22,1877.. 

Joly  S,  1877.. 


Attonifly-Cbiksnl 

Mioiflter  of  Justice 

Commissintwrr  of  Tiads  and  Customs 

Commissioner  of  Railways  aad  Boads 

Vice-President  of  tha  Board  of  LmmI  and  Works 


»lBoflloe,  April, 

ism 


Julys,  1877. 
U7& 


MINT,  Royal. 

The  establishment  of  a  Mint,  or  branch  of  the 
Royal  Mint,  in  Australia,  first  considered  in  the 
Legislative  Council,  1851. 

The  formal  sanction  of  Her  Majesty's  Gk>verB- 
ment  for  the  establishment  of  a  braneh  of  the 
Royal  Mint  at  Sydney,  received,  July,  1863. 
[The  stipulation  was,  that  the  dies  from  which 
the  colonial  coins  were  to  be  struck  were  to  be 
provided  by  the  Master  of  the  Mint  in  London. 
Precise  directions  were  given  as  to  the  fineness 
and  weight  of  the  coins,  which  were  in  those 
respects  to  correspond  with  the  coin  of  the 
realm  ;  colonial  corns  were  from  time  to  time  to 
be  transmitted  to  England,  to  be  assayed  and 
tested  by  the  Master  of  the  Royal  Mmt,  and 
the  principal  officers  were  to  be  appointed  by 
the  Crown.  Captain  (now  Colonel)  Edward 
Wolstenholme  Ward,  of  the  Roval  Engineers, 
was  appointed  first  Deputy-Master  of  the 
branch  of  the  Royal  Mint  in  the  colony,  at  a 
salary  of  £1,000  per  annum.  May  13,  1855.] 

Victorian  Mint,  Melbourne,  opened,  June  12, 
1872.     Colonel  Ward  first  Deputy  Master. 

First  issue  of  40,000  sovereigns  from  the  Mel- 
bourne Mint,  July  8,  1872. 

Total  quantity  of  gold  dust  or  bullion  received 
at  Sydney  branch  from  its  opening  to  December, 
1878,  inclusive,  1 1,591,320, 465ob.;  its  total  value 
being  £44,488,539  19s.  3d.  Total  value  of  ^Id 
dust  or  bulUon  issued  during  the  same  period, 
£44,490,307  4b.  Id. 

Total  quantity  of  gold  dust  or  bullion  received 
at  Melbourne  branch  from  its  opening  to  Decem- 
ber  31,  1877,  was  2, 159,1 66 '7 loz.;  its  total  value 
being,  £8,590,158  16s.  lOd.  The  total  value  ol 
gold  dust  or  bullion  issued  during  the  same 
period  was  £8,560,568  58.  7d. 

MISSIONARIES. 

Arrival  of  the  "  Nautilus  "  with  the  "  Duff" 
missionaries  from  Tahiti,  Apcil  14^  1798. 

Wesleyan  Missionary  Society  established  in 
Hokianga,  New  Zealand.     1822. 

Rev.  D.  TyermanandG.  Bennett,  Esq.,  depu- 
tation from  London  Missionasy  Society,  visited 
Australia,  August  20,  1824. 

The  German  mission  projected  by  Dr.  Lang  to 
Christianize  the  blacks  at  Moreton  Bay,  and  to 


I 


afford  aeoority  to  ships  wrecked  on  the  adjaeeat 
coast.  Two  clergymen  and  18  lay  missionaries 
fonned  the  mission,  the  chief  missionary  being 
Schmidt,  arrived  from  Berlin.     1838. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Holbert  Snalea,  for  mai^ 
years  a  town  missionary  in  Hobart  Town,  dieoL 
December  30,  1870.  [Sixty-seven  years  pre- 
viously, in  1803,  Mr.  Smalea,  then  a  midship- 
man on  the  sloop-of-war  **  Porpoise,"  performed 
divine  service  to  the  first  assembly  of  Tas- 
manian  Christians,  on  her  deck,  when  she  was 
lying  off  Flagstaff  Battery,  Hobart  Town,  long 
before  there  was  »  place  of  worship  built  on  the 
banka  of  the  Derwent.] 

MISSIONS  TO  THE  AUSTBALIAK  BLACKS. 

A  mission  station  for  the  aboricinalB  was 
established  at  Reid's  Mistake,  I^ke  Macquarie, 
in  the  year  1825,  by  the  late  Rev.  L.  £.  Threl- 
keld,  under  the  auspices  of  the  London 
Missionary  Society,  and  was  subsequently  re- 
moved to  Ebeneaer,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
lake,  where  the  natives  were  more  niiineroiu. 
In  1829,  the  London  Missionary  Society  with- 
drew their  support,  when  the  mission  was  sas- 
tained  under  tke  same  management  hy  the  bde 
Dr.  BioughtoQ,  first  metropolitan  Bishop  of 
AufltraKa.  Government  support  was  gnuit«l 
until  the  cloaa  of  the  mi8SKm  in  1841,  whea, 
owing  to  the  almost  total  extinction  of  tht 
tribes  in  the  district  of  Lake  Maecyiarie,  it  was 
determined  to  cloee  tho  mission.  An  Australiao 
crammar  was  compiled  by  the  Rev.  L.  £.  Threl- 
keld,  in  the  year  1834,  and  copies  were  for- 
warded to  the  Royal  Library,  London ;  also,  to 
the  Governor,  Sir  Richard  Bourke ;  to  Colonel 
Arthur,  Governor  of  Tasmania;  Archdeacon 
BroughtOB,  Alexander  Macleay,  Esq.,  SirGeor^ 
Grey,  and  to  numerous  other  frraoda  of  the 
author^  In  1835^  a  selection  of  prayers  from 
the  Ritual  of  the  Church  of  England  was  tnms- 
lated  into  the  aboriginal  langiuige  for  pitbbc 
worship ;  alao,  reading  lessons  sdected  from  the 
sacred  Scriptures ;  a  spelling  book  was  abo 
translated  for  use  in  the  school  In  1S50,  after 
the  close  of  the  mission,  *'The  Key  to  the 
Aboriginal  Language  "  was  published,  when,  in 
consequence,  Mr.  Threlkcld  was  elected  a  cor- 
responding member  of  the  £!thnologiical  Society. 


MDA— MOBETON  BAY. 


163 


Ib  1859,  at  Uie  dose  of  his  life,  Mr.  Tbrelkeld 
had  jnst  completed  tiie  tranalatioB  of  tlie 
G«pei  of  St.  Luke.  Mal0g»  Aborighud  Mianoai 
StitioB,  Manny  Bivw^  estabttehed  hy  Mr. 
IlinelMsttkB«rs»lWF^    {89e 


MOA  Tb%  an  eMnwms  hM  whiick  ud^Mted 
Nf«r  goahad  up  to  iMwmwtwmth  or  eigliliuMitiA 
Mitny,  FBBgiiig  frooi  aize  ol  a  ^Boee  t»  1^.  or  14 
fsai in  height;  tfaq«gbBOwe«tinct  r— nimhgre 
Imo  foBnd  to  fomi  abttoatperiaet  ~ 


MONARQ  PLAINS.  Captain  Curie  and  Bri- 
gfertiw-MajerOvena  diaoe^end  Monaro  Plaim, 
ad  celled  them  Brisbane  Bovpun  Jub»3»1888. 

MOlfHY.    [See  CuBoynrcs.] 

MOKETDIT  BAY. 

Captain  Cook  entered  a.  Bay  whidi  he  naoied 
Uorrtoa  Bmy  in  honor  o£  tha  Elari  of  Moseton, 
vho  waa  preeident  of  the  BoyaL  Society,  May 
17, 1770. 

Captain  Flindera,  whilst  ezpk>ring  the 
oorthem  territory  entered  Moreton  Bay,  1800. 

Mr.  Oxley,  Sarveyor-General  of  New  Sooth 
Wales,  was  sent  on  an  expedition  to  Moreton 
Bay  to  search  for  a  spot  to  form  a  penal  settle- 
meat.  He  was  aeoompanied  by  Lieutenant 
^irtiag  and  Mr.  Unaacke,  October  23, 1823. 

The  expedition  under  Oxley,  after  having 
Tiaited  Port  Curtis  and  sarreyed  the  Boyne 
Biver,  returned  and  anchored  (in  the  **  Mer- 
maid ")  in  Moreton  Bay,  Norember  2a,  1823. 

Mr.  Oxley  and  party,  of  the  *' Mermaid," 
nseaed  two  men,  named  ramphlet  and  Finnegan, 
from  the  blacks ;  Pamphlet  told  Oxley  of  the 
eiistenoe  of  a  fine  river  Hawing  into  the  Bay, 
November  30,  1823. 

Mr.  Oxley  explored  the  river  falling  into  the 
Bay,  which  he  named  the  Brisbane,  in  honor  of 
i^  Thomaa  Brisbane,  Governor  of  New  Sooth 
Wales,  December  2,  1823. 

Mr.  Oxley  sent  in  a  ruxnrtof  his  ezploratienB, 
ia  which  he  leoommenaed  Moreton  Bay  as  a 
^bce  for  estaUishing  a  penal  settlement, 
Febroary,  1804. 

Lientcaant  Miller;  o£  the  40th  Regiment,  ap- 
pointed first  Commandant  of  the  Moreton  Bay 
settlement,  September  12,  1824. 

A  settlement  waa  formed  at  a  plaoe  called 
BsdcliflSe  Point,  under  direotion  of  Mr.  Oxley, 
but  it  was  soon  found  unsuitable,  and  was  re- 
moved to  the  present  site  of  Brisbane  (aboriginal 
same  Meganehan),  September  12,  1824. 

Sir  Thomas  Brisbane  was  the  first  Governor 
who  visited  Moreton  Bay;  and  Brisbane,  the 
town,  waa  called  after  him,  November  10,  18&S. 

Moreton  Bay  appointed  a  place  to  which 
offmders  convicted  m  New  Seutii  Wales^  and 
being  under  sentenoe  of  tmnsportation,  shoold 
be  sNit,  August  15,  1826. 

Visit  of  GovBmor  Darling  to  Moreton  Bay, 
1827. 

Allan  Cunningham  made  an  overland  journey 
frnm  Sydney,  1827. 


Rer.  John  Vineent,  C.K,  appointed  Chaplain 
of  the  Moreton  Bay  settlement  by  Governor 
Dariii^  Sentember  IS,  1828. 

During  toe  sixteen  years  of  the  "convict 
panied"  there  wece  8  cemmandantsw  The 
lollowinfif  table   gives   the   duration   o£   tbadr 


Captain  MUler 

CiipSiilM  «a>ep  UM  t» 

CaiiUlaLagu 1^25  to  U80 

Captain  Clunie 1830  to  18S5 

Captain  Fyana 1885  to  ISST 

HiJorCMSofk  I8S7  to  IMt 

Lieutenant  Onvett    ....    May,  18S9  to  July,  1S89 

lieutenant  Gorman   18S9  to  1840 

Captain  Logan,  third  commandaBt,. 
■anted  as  Ming  luiackably  unpo|nihur,  and 
chaived  witk  being  ezoeaaiv<ely  tyiumical ;  "okl 
han&"  say  that- the  lash  was  ever  resounding  in 
tbncsBnn  dnnag  his  sway.  He  was  murdered 
bgr  the  blaeka  (suppooed  at  thn  instisatienof  the 
oonvicts),  while  on  a  betanieal  cKpeution  in  the 
nei^^ibeorhood  ol  the  Limestones  (Ipswich), 
November  16,  1830.  [His  remains  were  Dit)ught 
to  Sydney,  and  interred  with  military  hoaours,  at 
Garden  Island,  in  the  same  tomb  as  those  of 
Judee  Bent,  a  friend  of  his  early  youth.] 

The  first  squatters  on  the  Darling  Downs 
were  Patrick  Leslie,  James  Leith  Hi^,  and 
Arthur  Hod^n,  about  1830. 

The  convict  hospital  (now  Police  banracks) 
erected,  1827. 

The  Chaplains  residence  (now  Colonial  Secre- 
tary's office)  erected.  1828. 

The  Prisoners'  barracks  (now  Supreme  Court) 
erected,  1828. 

The  Military  bazracka  (now  Treasury)  erected, 
1828. 

The  Windmill  (now Observatory)  erected,  1829. 

Female  factory  (now  (]!entral  Police  Court) 
erected,  1830. 

The  Superintendent  of  Convicts'  quarters 
(now  Railway  Engineers'  office)  ereoted,  1829. 

The  Sureeon's  quarters  (now  oconpied  by 
Inspector  of  Police)  erected,  1831. 

Military  hospital  (now  Public  Works  office) 
erected,  1832. 

First  steamer,  "James  Watt,"  anchored  in 
Moreton  Bay,  August,  1837. 

A  youn^  convict  who  had  escaped  fourteen 
years  previously,  was  found  with  the  natives  on 
the  Mary  River ;  he  had  almost  f  oi^tten  his 
own  language,  1837.     [He  was  found  by  an  ex- 

Sjjdition  party,  among  whom  were  Andrew  Petrie, 
on.  Mr.  Wriothesley,  H.  Stuart  Russeli^  and 
Mr.  JaUath ;  another  convict  was  also  found  by 
Idle  same  party,  who  had  been  twice  with  the 
blad&s,  once  seven  years  and  this  time  eighteen 
months.] 

Andrew  Petrie  appointed  Foreman  of  Works, 
Royal  Engineer  department,  1837. 

The  convict  settlement  broken  up.  May  21, 
1839. 

First  free  setiders  arrived  in  Brisbane,  1840. 
[Their  names  were  John  Williams,  Thos.  Dowse, 
G.  £dmoudstone,  G.  S.  Le  Breton,  David  Bow. 
John  Richardson,  Wm.  Holman  Berry,  B.  Little, 
P.  Phelan,  and  M.  Moriarty.] 


164 


MORRILL— MOUNTAINS. 


First  drays  brought  over  Cuningham's  Gap  to 
Brisbane,  October  19, 1840. 

Sir  George  Gipps  visited  Moreton  Bay  settle- 
ment, March,  18^ 

Moreton  Bay  proclaimed  open  to  settlement, 
May  4,  1842. 

first  sale  of  Moreton  Bay  land  held  in  Sydney, 
December  7,  1842. 

The  Governor  visited  Moreton  Bay  to  make 
arrangements  for  the  sale  of  lands  and  to  mark 
out  the  chief  reserves,  1842. 

First  land  sale  took  place  in  Brisbane,  Angost 

9,  1843. 

Moreton  Bay  proclaimed  a  warehousing  port, 
July  20,  1846. 

First  Government  emigrant  ship  the  "Arti- 
mesia  "  arrived,  December  13,  1848. 

The  "Fortitude,''  emigrant  sbip,  sent  out 
under  Dr.  Lang's  auspices,  arrived  Jan.  21, 1849. 

First  exile  ship,  "Mount  Stuart  Elphin- 
stone,"  reached  Moreton  Bay,  October  31, 1849. 

First  bank  opened  in  Moreton  Bay,  November 
14,  1850. 

First  Circuit  Court  in  Moreton  Bay  District 
held,  1851. 

The  first  direct  shipment  of  wool  to  England 
was  made  February,  1851. 

Government  Biesident  first  appointed  at 
Moreton  Bay,  Januaiy  1,  1853. 

Gk>vemor  Sir  Charles  Fitzroy  visited  Moreton 
Bay,  March  20,  1854. 

Separation  granted  from  N.S.W.,  December 

10,  1859. 

MORRILL,  OR  MURRELL,  James,  who  was 
wrecked  in  1846  on  a  voyage  from  Sydney  to 
China  in  the  barque  "Peruvian "on  Cape  Cleve- 
land, N.E.  Coast  of  Australia,  and  who  nad  lived 
with  the  blacks  for  17  years,  made  himself  known 
to  some  stockmen  in  the  North  of  QueensUnd, 
on  January  25,  1863.  Bom  near  Maldon, 
England,  in  1824;  died  at  Port  Denison,  Queens- 
land, October  30,  1865. 

MOUNTAINS. 

The  highest  mountain  in  Australia  is  Mount 
Kosciusko,  in  the  Australian  Alps  ;  its  altitude 
is  6,510  feet.  The  Bogong  Range,  Gipps  Land, 
Victoria,  is  6,508  feet. 

New  South  Wales. — The  principal  ranges  of 
mountains  are  the  Interior  Ranses,  the  Great 
Dividing  Chain,  and  the  Coast  Ranges.  The 
former  lie  near  the  western  boundary  of  the 
colony,  and  form  the  western  watershed  of  the 
Darling  River ;  the  chief  of  them  are  the  Grey 
Range,  and  the  Stanley  or  Barrier  Ran^.  The 
loftiest  elevation  in  the  Grey  Range  is  Moimt 
Arrowsmith,  2,000  feet  high ;  and  in  Stanley 
Range,  Mount  Lyell,  about  the  same  height. 
The  Great  Dividing  Chain  extends  throughout 
the  whole  length  of  the  eastern  and  south-eaistem 
coasts  of  Australia,  and  forms  the  main  water- 
shed of  the  country.  It  consists  of  seven  main 
branches,  viz.  :  (1)  the  New  England  Range 
(highest  point  Ben  Lomond,  5,000  feet ;  (2) 
the  Liverpool  Range  (highest  point  Oxley's 
Peak,    4,500  feet)  ;    (3)    the   Blue  Mountain 


Range    (highest     point.     Mount   Beenutnng, 
4,100  feet);  (4)  the    CuUarin    Range  (hi^est 

S)int,  Mundoonen,  3,000  feet) ;  (5)  the 
ourock  Range  (hi^^est  point,  Jindolisn, 
4,300  feet) ;  (6)  the  Monaro  Range  (highest 
point,  head  of  Kybean  River,  4,010  feet); 
and  (7)  the  Muniong  Range  (high^  point.  Mount 
Kosciusko,  6,510  feet).  Tliis  last  ib  about 700  feet 
belowtheUneofpernetualsnow.  AUthisaeriesis 
connected  with  tne  Cordillera  dividing  the 
eastern  and  western  watersheds.  The  Coast 
Ranges  lie  on  the  east  side  of  the  Great  Divid- 
ing Chain,  and  parallel  to  it  for  a  veiy  consi- 
derable distance.  They  geDenHy  fonn  the 
edge  of  the  elevated  table-land,  upon  which  lies 
the  Great  Dividing  Chain.  The  loftiest  peaks 
of  these  are  Mount  Seaview,  6,(X)0  feet.  Mount 
Coolungubbera,  3,712  feet,  and  Mount  Buda- 
wang,  3,800  feet  high.  Tlie  most  remarkable 
of  the  isolated  mountains  and  ^proups  are  Mount 
Doubleduke,  Whoman,  Ellame,  Yarrahappini, 
Kibbora,  The  Three  Brothers,  Mount  Talawah, 
Dromedary,  Mumbulla,  and  lastly,  Imlay,  or 
Baloon— 2,900  feet  high. 

New  Zealand, — The  mountains  of  New 
Zealand  are  more  lofty  than  those  in  Australia. 
In  the  province  of  Wellington  is  an  active 
volcano  called  Tongariro,  6,500  feet,  the  peak 
of  Ruaperhui  rises  to  an  elevation  of  9,100  feet 
above  the  sea-leveL  Mount  Egmont  is  about 
8,300  feet  high  ;  it  rises  in  an  almost  perfect 
cone  from  a  Mse  of  30  miles  in  diameter,  and 
its  summit,  which  is  an  extinct  crater,  is 
covered  with  perpetual  snow.  In  the  Southern 
Island,  Mount  Cook,  in  the  province  of  Canter- 
bury, is  the  loftiest  peak,  being  13,000  feet  high. 
Mount  Arthur,  near  Nelson,  is  about  8,000  feet 
high.  Amongst  the  peaks  in  (Xaoo  prorince  is 
Mount  Eamslaw,  at  the  head  of  LakeWakatipu, 
9,000  feet,  and  Mount  Tutoko,  near  Martin's 
Bay,  8,000  feet 

Queensland. — The  highest  peak  on  the  Coast 
Range  is  Mount  Dalrymple,  4,250  feet.  The 
Bellenden  Kerr  Range  is  in  the  north  ;  its 
highest  point  is  5,400  feet. 

south  Australia, — The  hichest  points  of  the 
Main  or  Flinders  Range  are  Mount  Lofty,  2,334 
feet  above  the  sea-level  —  overshadowing 
Adelaide  ;  Mount  Barker  2,331  feet.  Mount 
Horrocks  1,984  feet,  the  Razorback  2,992  feet, 
Mount  Bryan  3,012  feet,  and  Black  Rock  Hill 
2,750  feet.  The  hishest  elevation  of  the  Gawler 
Range,  in  Port  Lincoln  Peninsula,  is  about 
2,000  feet. 

Tasmania, — ^The  highest  mountain  in  Tas- 
mania is  5,069  feet  in  height  Among  the  peaks 
are  Row  Tor  3,895  feet.  Mount  Barrow  4,644 
feet.  Mount  Victoria  3,964  feet,  Ben  Nevis  3,910 
feet,  Ben  Lomond  5,010  feet.  Mount  Nicholas 
2,812  feet,  Brown  Mountain  2,598  feet,  Table 
Mountain  3,596  feet.  Miller's  Bluff  3,977  feet, 
Dry's  Bluff  4,257  feet,  Quamby  Bluff,  Ironstone 
Mountain,  4,736  feet.  Cradle  Monntain  5,069 
feet  (the  highest  in  the  colony),  the  Du  Cane 
Range,  Mount  Olympus,  Mount  Humboldt, 
Mount  Hugel,  Mount  William  4,360  feet,  and 
Mount  Hobhouse  4,031    feet,   Mount  Boland, 


MTJNICIPAL. 


165 


4,047  feet.  Black  Blaff  4,381  feet,  Valentine's 
Peak  3,637  feet,  the  Elden  Range  4,789  feet, 
the  Frenchman's  Cap  4,756  feet,  Wyld's  Crag 
4,399  feet,  Monnt  Field  4,721  feet,  Mount 
Anne,  the  Arthur  Range,  3,668  feet.  Mount 
Picton  4,340  feet.  Mount  Wellington  4,166  feet, 
Adamson's  Peak  4,017  feet,  and  Mount  La 
Peronae  3,800  feet. 

Vietcricu — ^The  highest  peaks  of  the  mountain 
system  of  Victoria  are  the  following  : — ^Boeong 
6,508  feet,  Feathertop  6,303  feet,  Ho&am 
6,100  feet,  Oobboras  6,025  feet.  Cope  6,015  feet, 
BuUer  5,911  feet,  Gibbo  5,764  feet,  WiUs  5.758 
feet,  Howitt  5,715  feet,  Buffalo  5,645  feet. 
Twins  5,575  feet,  Wellington  5,363  feet,  Tam- 
bontha  5,301  feet.  Cobbler  5,342  feet,  Kent 
5,129  feet.  Forest  Hill  5,000  feet. 

Western  Atutralku — The  highest  mountain  in 
the  oolony  is  Mount  William,  of  the  Darling 
fiftDge.  It  is  situated  in  the  Murray  district. 
About  60  miles  inland,  and  has  an  altitude  of 
3,000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The  Blackwood, 
the  Victoria,  and  the  Roe  Ranges  rise  to  the 
height  of  1,500  to  2,000  feet  above  the  sea-leveL 

MUNICIPAL. 
The  Corporation  question  agitated  at  Sydney, 

A  Bill  for  incorporating  the  City  of  Svdney, 
introduced  in  the  Council  of  New  South  Wales ; 
bnt  the  agitation  with  respect  to  the  qualifi- 
cation clauses  produced  so  much  discussion  that 
the  Bill  was  withdrawn.  1840. 

First  municipality,  Adelaide,  established 
A^Bt  19,  1840. 

First  municipal  elections,  Adelaide,  October 
31,  1840. 

A  Bill  was  passed,  after  several  amend- 
nents,  to  incorporate  the  towns  of  Sydney  and 
Melbourne.  On  the  Bill,  at  first,  beine  brought 
in,  it  met  with  much  opposition,  and  several 
meetings  were  held  to  petition  against  the  same, 
on  the  grounds  that  the  Legislative  Council, 
being  composed  of  nominees  of  the  Crown,  had 
no  right  to  establish  corporate  bodies  with  powers 
of  taxation,  such  power  belonging  only  to  the 
rqtresentatives  of  the  people  ;  that  they  ought 
to  have  assigned  to  them,  as  well  as  all  town 
taxes  and  assessments,  all  public  lands  within 
the  precincts  of  the  town,  not  vested  in  the  ord- 
nance department,  including  Hyde  Park  and 
Sydnev  Common,  and  also  certain  fees,  tolls, 
and  othet  such  sources  of  revenue.  The  qualifi- 
cations of  voters  and  candidates  were : — A  person 
entitled  to  vote  must  have  occupied  a  house  or 
warehouse,  twelve  months  previous  to  enrol- 
ment, of  the  annual  value  of  £25.  The  qualifi- 
cation  for  alderman,  councillor,  auditor,  or  asses- 
sor was  real  estate  of  £100,  or  propert^r  valued 
at  the  annual  value  of  £50.  The  city  was 
divided  into  six  wards,  each  of  which  was  to 
elect  four  councilmen,  and  these  again  were  to 
elect  an  alderman  for  each  ward  amongst  their 
own  body,  or  choose  one  of  the  citizens  at  large ; 
the  Mayor  to  be  elected  by  the  aldermen  and 
oonncihnen.    July  20,  1842. 


The  first  municipal  election  took  place  in 
Sydney,  when  four  councillors  for  eacn  of  the 
respective  wards  were  elected,  and  on  the  9th 
of  the  same  month  six  aldermen,  and  the  Mayor 
(John  Hosking)  were  elected  in  the  market- 
shed  by  the  councillors.  The  first  aldermen 
elected  were  : — Bourke  Ward,  Mr.  John  Hos- 
king (elected  first  Mayor);  Gipps  Ward,  Mr. 
Robert  Owen ;  Brisbane  Ward,  Mr.  George 
Allen ;  Phillip  Ward,  Mr.  J.  R.  Wilshire  ;  Mac- 
quarie  Ward,  Mr.  Thomas  Broughton ;  Cook 
Ward,  Mr.  Francis  Mitchell.    November  1, 1842. 

First  Civic  Election,  Melbourne,  December 
1,  1842. 

Henry  Condell,  the  first  Mayor  of  Melbourne, 
was  elected  by  a  majority  of  34  over  Edward 
Curr.     1842.  . 

Sir  George  Gipps,  in  a  despatch  dated  No- 
vember 27,  1842,  stated  that  he  nad  decided  that 
the  Ma^or  of  Sydney  should  be  styled  **  Right 
Worshipful,"  and  that  the  Ma^or  of  Melbourne 
should  be  "  Worshipful."  This  was  approved  of 
by  Lord  Stanley,  in  a  despatch  of  July  3,  1843. 

A  select  Committee  of  the  Legislative  Council 
was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  working  of 
the  Corporation  of  Sydney.  Amongst  ower 
matters  the  report  stated,  that  "the  committee 
was  perfectly  satisfied,  from  the  evidence  they 
had  taken,  that  the  body  had  entirely  lost  the 
confidence  of  the  citizens,  and  was  regarded  as 
an  impediment  to  the  improvement  of  the  city." 
The  committee  recommended  that  the  Act  of 
Council  incorporating  the  City  of  Sydney 
should  be  repealed,  and  that  an  Act  should  l>e 
passed,  appointing  three  commissioners,  in  whom 
should  be  vested  all  the  powers  then  exercised 
by  the  corporation,  and  an  Act  to  that  effect  was 
afterwards  passed.     1849. 

First  Municipal  Election  in  Tasmania,  January 
1,  1853. 

An  Act  was  passed,  abolishing  the  Municipal 
Corporation,  Sydney,  substituting  in  its  stead 
three  paid  commissioners  to  carry  out  the  works 
necessary  for  draining  the  city  and  supplying  it 
with  water.    1833. 

Commissioners,  who  superseded  the  Sydney 
City  Council,  commenced  their  duties,  January, 
1854. 

Municipality  of  Emerald  Hill,  Victoria,  was 
the  first  to  avail  itself  of  Captain  Clarke's  law  of 
Local  Self-(^vemment.     1855. 

William  Carter,  first  Mayor  of  Hobart  Town, 
1857. 

An  Act  passed  for  the  re-establishment  of  a 
Municipal  Council  in  Sydney,  1857. 

BrislxEme  incorporated,  September  7,  1859. 

Sydney  Municipal  Council  imable  to  meet  its 
liabilities.  Half  the  employes  discharged.  The 
Government  advanced  £10,000,  January  7, 1875. 

Estate  of  the  Sydney  Corporation  sequestrated 
by  order  of  the  Chief  Commissioner  of  Insol- 
vency, November  24,  1876. 

Sydney  Municipal  Council  unable  to  meet  its 
liabilities.  Half  of  the  employes  discharged ;  the 
Government  advanced  £10,000.     1879. 


166 


MURRAY— MUSEUMS. 


Lbt  of  Uatobs  op  Bronr,  Nvw  Smrra  Wuuw,  «som  ths 
FopxA&Tiox  or  MuKioiPiL  iMfnnmoxs  is  AvanuoiA. 


John  Ho«ldng 
J.  R.W3l8fato 
Oeoxge  Allen 
Henry  H'Dermott 
Thomas  Bronghton 
J.  F.  JosotiMon 
Edvttrd  Flood 
GooKsre  Hill 
William  Tliuziow 
William  Thtniow 
Daniel  Esan 
CooBcil  abro^;ated 

and  Commiflsioners 

in  office 
Corporation  again 

established— 
Geone  Thornton 
John  Williams 
George  Smith 
James  Murphy 
John  Sutherland 


1S48 

1844 

1845 

1646 

1W7 

1S48 

1849 

1860 

1851 

1852 

1863 

(1854 

•^1855 

(1856 


1867 
1868 
1859 
1860 
1861 


JaaMsOatley 
niomaa  Speaoe 
William  Speer 
John  Woods 
John  Batton 
Charles  Moore 
Charles  Moore 
Charles  Moore  (till 

March) 
Walter  Renny 

(from  March) 
Walter  Renny 
Michael  Chapman 
Michael  Chapman 
James  Merrunan 
S.  S.  Ooold 
Benjamin  Pataner 
Benjamin  Palmer 
James  Merriman 
-James  Merriman 
C.  J.  Boberts 


1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1866 

1809 

1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 


Ijir  or  Matobs   of    ihb  MuiriapAurr  or  Wwwftii, 

QraBKBLAKl),  rSOM  1859  TO  FUttUABT,  1879. 

JohnPetrie 186»«» 

JobnPetcie 1860-61 

JohnPetrie 1861-62 

Thomas  Blacket  Stephens 1862-63 

Oeoxge  Edmondstone         1863-04 

Joshua  Jeaya 1864-66 

Albert  John  Hocklnga       1865-66 

Bichard  Byrnes  Warry        1866-67 

Albert  John  Hockings        1867-68 

John  Haidgrave 1868-69 

JohnHardgrave       1669-70 

William  Pcttigrew 187071 

Francis  Murray        1871-72 

£dmond  Joseph  Baines 1872-73 

JaaaesSwan 1873-74 

James  Swidi 1874-75 

James  Swan 1875-76 

Bidiani  Arti  Ktegsford 1876-77 

Alfred  Hubbard       1877-78 

Alfred  Hubbard        1878-79 

List  or  Mayors  of  Aoblaios,  Bouni   Australia,  noM 
THE  Incorporation  op  trb  Cttt. 

James  Hurtle  Fisher,  October  31 1840 

James  Hurtle  Fiaher,  re-elected,  October  22        . .  1841 

James  Hurtle  Fisher  resigned  January  6   . .  1842 

Thomas  Wilson,  January  20 1842 

Thomas  Wilson,  re-elected,  October  21     . .        . .  1842 
^uncU  became  extinct  September  26, 1843.) 
GommissionerB    appointed,  Captain    A.  H.    Frcding, 
Messrs.    Samuel  Davenport,  F.  S.  Dutton,  William 
Blyth,  and  R  F.  Newland  ;  Messrs.  J.  B.  Neales  and 
Dr.  Wyatt  succeeded  Messrs.  Newland  and  Davenport 
in  1850  and  1851. 
(Be-inoorporated)  James  Hurtle  Fisher  (Mayor), 

June  9 1852 

James  Hurtle  Fisher,  December  8 18S8 

James  Hurtle  Fisher,  December  9 1853 

Joseph  Hall  {vice  Fisher  resigned).  November  20  1853 

Joseph  Hall,  December  0        1854 

John  Lazar,  December  10       1855 

John  lAcar,  December  2         1856 

John  lAzar,  December  9         1857 

WilUam  Thompson  Sabben,  December  8    . .  1858 

E.  W.  Wright,  December  0 1850 

E.  B.  W.  Glanflcld,  December  9       1860 

Eu  B.  W.  Glaufleld,  December  9        1861 

Thomas  English             1862 

Thomas  English            1883 

Samuel  Goode 1864 

William  Townsend        1865 

H.  R.  Fuller        1866 

H.R.  Fuller        1867 

H.  R.  Fuller        1868 

J.  M.  Solomon 1869 

J.  M.  Solomon 1870 

J.  M.  Solomon 1871 


A.  H.T.  Bortds  |}^ 

W.K.  Abbott 1874 

JohnOoltOD        1875 

GalebPeaoeok 1BT6 

Caleb  Peacock 1877 

Henry  Scott        1S78 

^nUiamC.  Boik 1879 


List  of  tub  Mayors  op  Melbournk,  Ticiokia,  pbom  tbb 

VlMB  OP  TBS  IUCMRPOKAIIOV  OT  THAT  Ol^  TO  TUB  PBMIST 


Tbab,  1842. 


1842-43 
1843-44 
1844^5 


1845-46 
1846-47 
1847-48 


Henry  Condell, 
Heniy  Cmidell, 
Honiy  Moor. 
James  Frederic 

Palmer, 
Henry  Moor 
Andrew  Russell, 
William  Montgomerie 

Bell,  1848^9 

Augostas  FVederic  A. 

Oreevtts  1849-50 

William  Nicholson 
John  Thomas  Smith 
John  Thomas  Smith 
John  Hodgson 
John  Thomas  Smith 
John  Thomas  Smith 
Peter  Davis 
John  Thomas  Smith 


1860-51 
1851-62 
1852-53 
1868^64 
1854-65 
1855-66 
1866-67 
1857-58 


Henry  SaUows  Walsh  1858-59 


Richaid  Eades  19B94» 

^obn  Thomas  Staoifh  186041 

Robert  Bennett  1861-6! 

Edward  Cohen  1863-6S 
John  Thomas  Smith  186^64 

George  Wragge  18644S 

William  Baj^e^  vmm 

William  Williams  18l»«7 

James  Stewart  

Butters  1867-08 

Thomas  Monbny  186841 

Samuel  Ameas  1869-7# 
TliomasMacphexson  1870-71 

Ortando  Fenwiek  1871-72 

llMmas  O'Gnuly  1872-73 

John  M*IlwmtJi  W^H 

Jamea  Gatohouae  1874-75 

James  Pateraon  1876-77 

John  Pigdon  1877-78 

J.  Storey  1878-79 


MURRAY,  RrvER.  Upper  part,  the  Huae^ 
diacovered  by  Hamilton  Hume,  Kovember  16^ 
1824 ;  lower  part,  named  after  Sir  Geoi^i 
Murray,  Secretary  of  the  Colonies,  discovered 
by  Captain  Sturt,  1829  ;  Captain  Sturt  ailed 
down  the  Murray  in  1833 ;  urst  navigated  faj 
W.  R.  Randall  in  his  steamer  the  "Mazy 
Anne,"  July,  1853 ;  first  navigated  bv  CadeU 
as  far  as  Albuiy  in  the  steamer  ''Albany/' 
August  27,  1853.    [See  Rivers.] 

MURRUMBID6KE,  River,  disooveied  by 
Captain  Currie  and  Brigadier>Genend  OveBs(wiiD 
went  on  an  expedition  to  examine  the  oountiy 
south  of  Lake  George),  June  1,  1823 ;  Hums 
and  Hovell  reached  uie  Murmmbidflee,  OctolMr 
19, 1824 ;  Hume  and  Hovell  crossed  the  Mnrrsm- 
bidgee,  October  22,  1824;  the  Murrumbidges 
first  traversed  by  a  steamer,  as  far  as  the  town 
of  Gundagai,  1858.    [^e  Rivers.] 

MUSEUMS. 

The  Australian  Museum,  Sydney,  oridnated 
by  a  number  of  gentlemen  interested  in  toe  pn>> 
motion  of  science  in  Australia.  Founded,  1836. 
[The  first  president  was  Alexander  Madaay, 
then  Colonial  Secretaiy.] 

National  Museum,  Melbourne,  opened  in 
present  building,  May  1,  1864. 

South  Australian  Museum  opened,  1855. 

Queensland  Museum,  Brisbane  opened,  1870. 

Canterbury,  New  Zealand,  1858. 

The  Industrial  and  Technological  Museom  of 
Victoria  opened,  September  7,  1870. 

The  Legislative  Assembly  of  New  8<wti» 
Wales  decided  on  opening  the  Museum  andPrse 
Library  on  Sundays,  Maroh  26,  1878. 


MUSIC,  OPERA,  Am>  MISCELLAKEOXJS  ENTERTAINMENTS.       167 


HU8IC,    OPBRA,    jm>   MISCELLANBOUS 
ENTERTAINMENTS. 

Vincent  Wallace  left  Sydney  Feb.  14,  1S3S. 

Isaac  Nathan,  the  great  pianist  and  composer, 
trrivwi  in  Melbourne  February  6,  1841.     [He 

ire  some  concerts  prior  to  his  departure  for 
iney.l 

Catherine  Hayes  first  speared  at  the  Vic- 
toria Theatre,  Sydney,  September  25,  1854  ;  re- 
ceived a  public  testimonial  at  the  Victoria 
Theatre,  Sydney,  October  17,  1854 ;  left  Syd- 
ney October  18,  1854. 

kiska  Haneer  appeared  at  the  Victoria 
Tbeatre,  Sydney,  November  11,  1854. 

All  Ben-Sou-Alle  appeared  at  the  Victoria 
Theatre,  December  21,  1854. 

The  wijBird,  Jacobs,  i^peared  at  the  Victoria 
Tlieatre,  March  12,  1855. 

The  Bacchus  Minstrels  (first  negro  troupe) 

rred  at  the  Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  Oc- 
29,  1855. 

K.  C.  Bochsa  (celebrated  harpist),  appeared 
at  the  Prince  of  Wales  Theatre,  Sydney,  De- 
oember22,  1855. 

Anna  Bishop  appeared  at  the  Prince  of  Wales 
Theatre,  December  22,  1855. 

Tonic-Sol-fa,  intax)duced  to  Sydney  by  Mr.  J. 
C.  Fisher.  (2000  teachers  have  been  trained  ; 
and  in  1876,  32,460  public  school  children  in 
New  South  Wales  were  being  instructed  in  the 
method.)  1855. 

Catherine  Hayes  gave  concerts  in  Sydney  and 
Melbourne.  Two  concerts  given  for  the  chari- 
ties of  the  two  cities  produced  an  amount  of 
£1,000.     1856. 

Linley  Norman  appeared  at  the  Prince  of 
Wales  Theatre,  Sydney,  July  8,  1856. 

Walter  Sherwin  appeared  at  the  Prince  of 
Wales  Theatre,  Sydney,  July  8,  1856. 

Mme.  Clarisse  Cailly  appeared  at  the  Royal 
Hotel,  Sydney,  August  15,  1856. 

Fanmharson  appeared  at  the  Prince  of  Wales 
Opera  House,  Sydney,  July  8,  1856. 

Herr  Strebinger,  first  appearance  at  Victoria 
Theatre,  Sydney,  January  29,  1859. 

First  appearance  of  Carandini  Opera  Company 
at  the  Pnnce  of  Wales  Theatre,  Sydney,  Mme. 
Marie  Carandini,  Mme.  Sara  Flower,  Miss  Emma 
HowBon,  Messrs.  W.  Sherwin,  John  Gre^, 
Frank  Howson,  and  others  ;  Conductor,  Mr.  X. 
H.  Lavenu.     June,  1850. 

Emma  Stanley,  in  her  entertainment  of  Seven 
Ages,  at  the  Victoria  Theatre,  Sydney,  July  4, 
1859. 

Madame  Jaffa,  pianist,  first  appearance  at 
Exchange,  Sydney,  September  19,  1859. 

Grand  (Sydney)  University  Festival,  to  inau- 
gurate the  opening  of  the  new  hall,  lasting  six 
^ays ;  concerts  on  two  of  the  days  both  mom- 
ingand  evening.     Commenced,  July  19,  1859. 

H.  Squires,  Lucy  Escott,  and  Armes  Beaumont 
•geared  in  Sydney,  1868. 

^ladame  Simonsen,  vocalist,  Herr  Martin 
Simonsen,  violinist,  gave  first  concerts  in  Aus- 
tnlia  in  Melbourne,  August  25,  1865,  and  at 
the  Exchange,  Sydney,  December,  1865. 


Siflior  Cesare  Cutolo,  an  eminent  nnsician, 
kilM  on  board  the  " Alexandra"  by  a  spar 
falling  on  him.  1867.  [The  untimely  fate  of 
SigBor  Cntok)  was  deeply  buneated  in  Sydney, 
Melbourne,  Adelaide,  and  other  places  in  the 
colonies,  where  he  was  well  knoiivn  and  highly 
esteemed  for  his  talent  as  a  musician,  and  his  rare 
personal  qualities  oausing  him  to  be  a  welcome 
guest  wherever  he  visited.  Born  in  1826,  he 
early  imbibed  the  idea  of  freedom  for  his  country. 
After  passinff  through  the  Conservatoire  of 
Music  at  Naples,  where  he  obtained  the  highest 
diplomas  from  the  various  professors  (amongst 
whom  were  some  of  the  greatest  composers  of 
the  day),  he  joined  the  Garibaldians,  being  ap- 
pointed on  the  staff  of  the  Italian  libentor, 
and  serving  in  most  of  his  campaigns,  beoomins 
the  personal  friend  of  his  two  s<»is,  Rtcciotti  and 
Menotti  Garibaldi.  In  1860  he  arrived  in 
Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  where  he  settled  as 
a  professor  of  music,  and  married  the  widow  of 
Mr.  Heath,  a  chemist  of  that  city ,  both  of  whom 
were  well  known  for  their  love  and  support  of 
music,  being  themselves  talented  amatevm. 
Amongst  his  other  pupils  was  the  son  of  the 
Governor  G^iend,  Sir  WiUtam  Denison.  A  oon- 
oert,  given  by  Signor  Cutolo  in  aid  of  the  Rand- 
wiok  Asylum  for  Destitute  Children,  realised  a 
large  sum  for  the  institution.  Signor  Cutolo 
subsequently  accepted  a  very  influential  invita- 
tion to  settle  in  \  ictoria,  and  it  was  during  his 
retnm  passage  to  that  colony,  after  a  visit  to 
his  friends  in  Sydney,  that  the  terrible  aocident 
happened  to  him  which  resulted  in  his  death. 
Signor  Cutolo  was  reclining  on  the  poop  of  the 
"Alexandra,"  Signora  Cutolo  by  his  side  reading 
to  him,  when  the  spanker-boom,  which  had  been 
only  carelessly  fastened,  came  down  witii  a  mn. 
striking  the  unfortunate  gentleman  on  the  neck. 
He  linffcred  a  few  hours,  dying  just  as  the  vessel 
entered  Port  Phillip  Heads.  An  action  was 
brought  by  his  widow  against  the  A. S.N.  Com- 
pany ;  it  was  settled  by  arbitration,  the  Com- 
pany playing  £1,500  and  costs.  A  beautiful 
tombstone,  in  the  form  of  an  obelisk,  was  erected 
in  Melbourne  to  his  memory  by  his  widow  aaid 
friends.] 

Charles  Edward  Horsley,  eminent  composer 
and  musician,  gave  his  first  concert  in  Syoiiey, 
July,  1866. 

Maud  Fitz-Stubbe,  juvenile  amateur  pianist, 
first  appeared  in  public  at  six  years  of  ace,  at 
C.  E.  Horsley's  concert,  Academy  of  Music, 
December  21,  1867. 

Sisnora  Barratti,  opera  singer,  first  appeared 
in  ^lelboume,  Februaiy  5,  1868. 

Robert  HeUer  and  Miss  Haidee  Heller,  presti- 
digitateurs  and  pianists,  performed  in  Sydney, 
January,  1871. 

Robert  Heller  gave  a  largely  attended  fare- 
well entertainment  at  the  School  of  Arts  pre- 
vious to  his  departure  from  the  colony,  January 
21,  1871. 

Arabella  Goddard,  pianist,  appeared  at  the 
Masonic  Hall,  Sydney,  June  12,  1873. 

lima  de  Mnrska,  vocalist,  appeared  at  Masonic 
HaU,  Sydney,  November  2,  1875. 


168 


MUSTARD— NEPEAN. 


Marriage  at  Sydney,  by  Dr.  Fallerton,  of 
lima  de  Murska,  the  "Hungarian  nightingale," 
to  Alfred  Anderson,  R  A. M., December  29, 1875. 

Mr.  Alfred  Anderson,  celebrated  Australian 
pianist  died  in  Melbourne,  aged  28  years,  March 
22,  1876. 

Marriage  at  Otago,  N.  Z.,  of  lima  (de  Murska) 
Maria  Thea  Anderson  (widow  of  Alfred  Ander- 
son) to  John  Thomas  Hill,  K.S.R.A.M.,  May 
15,  1876. 

Davenport  Brothers,  spiritualists  and  con- 
jurors, first  appeared  in  Australia,  at  Melbourne, 
September  2,  1876. 

Victorian  Academy  of  Music  (Bijou  Theatre) 
opened,  November  6,  1876. 

Ernest  Hutchinson,  the  Australian  Mozart, 
7i  ^ears  of  age,  gave  an  exhibition  of  extra- 
ordmary  musical  ability  at  the  Athemeum,  Mel- 
bourne, March  22,  1877. 

Eliza  Wallace  Bushelle,  died,  August,  1878. 
[She  was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Wallace,  for  many 
years  bandmaster  to  the  29th  Regiment,  and 
sister  of  the  late  Mr.  Vincent  Wallace,  the 
composer.  At  ten  years  of  age  she  was  able  to 
play  difficult  airs  on  the  vioUn,  and  possessed 
remarkable  vocal  ability.  About  the  year  1843 
she  appeared  at  Sydney,  at  public  concerts, 
in  company  with  her  brother  and  Mr.  John 
Bushelle,  tne  latter  of  whom  she  subsequently 
married.  At  the  early  age  of  21  she  became 
a  widow,  and  returning  to  Europe  with  her 
brother,  was  engu^ed  by  Mendelss^m  to  sing  in 
the  "EUjah"  at  Vienna.  After  fulfilling  a  series 
of  engagements  in  Europe  and  America,  she 
again  came  to  Australia,  about  the  year  1864, 
and  settled  in  Sydney  as  a  teacher  of  music,  in 
which  capacity  she  was  remarkably  successful.] 

The  first  of  the  Elmblad  concerts  given  in  the 
Town  Hall,  Melbourne,  June  8,  1878.  [Mrs. 
Elmblad  was  a  Miss  Menzies,  of  Melbourne.] 

The  first  of  the  Elmblad  concerts  in  Sydney 
commenced,  July  15,  1878. 

Madame  Carlotta  Tasca,  English  pianist,  first 
appeared  in  Melbourne,  July,  1878. 

Madame  Olga  Duboin,  Russian  pianist,  first 
appeared  in  Melbourne,  August,  1878. 

Grand  musical  recitals  at  the  University  in 
honour  of  Beethoven,  December  16,  1878.  [See 
Dbama,  also  Thbatricaus.] 

MUSTARD.  First  Mustard  Factory,  South 
Australia,  established.  May  28,  1873. 

MUSTER.  Muster  was  the  term  originally 
employed  in  place  of  census.  It  was  usuaJ  to 
have  periodically  a  general  muster  of  the  in- 
habitants of  the  settlement  of  N.S.W.  [See 
Census.] 

MUTINIES. 

A  vessel  bound  to  Norfolk  Island  with  pro- 
visions was  piratically  seized  when  within  one 
day*s  sail  of  the  port.  Mr.  Harwood,  the 
master,  and  crew  wBbre  compelled  to  navigate 
the  ship  under  the  oirection  of  one  Watson,  the 
leader  of  the  mutiny  ;  but  arriving  in  the  Bay 
of  Islands,  New  Zealand,  they  were  captured  by 


two  whalers  who  were  anchored  in  that  port, 
and  were  carried  back  by  Mr.  Drake  in  his  ves- 
sel to  Sydney.    1827. 

The  **  Admiral  Benbow"  seized  and  plundered 
by  pirates  in  Ut,  13*  N.,  long.  26*  40*  W., 
Apnl  11,  1829. 

Mutiny  and  murder  on  board  the  "Inde- 
fatigable^* (formerly  the  "  Calder,"  Captain  DU- 
Ion),  July  22,  1829.  [The  "Indefatigable," 
Captain  Joseph  Hunter,  with  F.  W.  Lofgren, 
chief  officer,  which  left  Conception  June  11, 
1829,  with  a  car^o  of  wheat  for  Sydney,  was 
seized  by  the  Chihan  crew  in  lat.  17*  IS'  S., 
and  long.  127''  51'  W.  The  captain  was  mur- 
dered, and  five  of  the  crew  were  turned  adrift  in 
an  open  boat,  but  managed  to  reach  Resolution 
Island  on  August  7,  and  Otaheite  on  August  18. 
From  the  latter  place  the  "  Tiger"  brought 
them  to  Sydney.  Lofgren  was  compelled  to 
navigate  the  **  Indefatigable,"  and  brought  it  to 
the  &land  of  Guam,  where  he  gave  information 
which  led  to  the  imprisonment  of  the  mutineers. 
The^  were  brought  from  Antigua  to  Manila  by 
the  influence  of  Captain  Rous,  of  H.M.S.  "Rain- 
bow," and  six  of  them  were  tried  and  executed. 
The  "  Indefatijzable"  was  condemned  as  a  prize 
to  the  Spanish  uovemment.] 

Mutiny  on  board  the  ship  "Eleanor,"  in 
Sydney  harbour  ;  two  of  the  prisoners  were  shot 
and  several  others  woundM  by  the  guard, 
August  1,  1831.    [See  Norfolk  Island.] 


K. 


NAMOI  (OR  Pekl)  RrvER.  Discovered  hy 
Sir  Thomas  MitcheU,  Dec.  22,  1831.  [It  had 
previously  been  described  by  one  George  Claire.] 

NAPOLEON'S  LAND.  M.  M.  Baudin  and 
Hamelin  in  command  of  the  French  ships  "  I^ 
Gdographe"  and  "  Le  Naturaliste,*'  commenced 
their  survey  of  the  coast  of  New  Holland  from 
Wilson's  Promontory  to  Cape  Leuwin,  and  called 
it  Napoleon's  Luid,  (M.  reron  was  naturalist 
to  the  expedition),  1801.  Concluded  the  survey 
March  8,  1802. 

NATIONAL  GALLERY,  Victoru,  opened 
May  24,  1875. 

NATURALIZATION.  Aliens  in  Victoria  not 
entitled  to  vote  at  Parliamentary  elections  until 
after  a  period  of  three  years  after  naturalization. 
1859. 

NECROLOGY.    [See  OBrruART.] 

NEPEAN  POINT,  so  called  by  Lieutenwfc 
James  Grant  in  honour  of  Sir  EvanNepeao, 
Secretary  to  the  Admiralty,  1802. 

NEPEAN  River,  New  South  Wa^ca,  dis- 
covered by  Gk>vemor  Phillip,  July  6,  1788. 


NEW  CALEDONIA— NEW  GUINEA.  169 


NEW  CALEDONIA. 


New  Caledonia  u  an  island  in  the  Sonth 
Pacific  Ocean,  about  200  miles  in  length  and 
30  miles  in  breadth,  lying  between  20**  and  22* 
30'  S.  lat.,  and  164*  and  167"  E.  long.  It  was 
diacovered  by  Captain  Cook,  September  4, 
1774..  It  lies  about  720  miles  E.N.E.  of  the 
coast  of  Queensland,  and  Noumea,  the  capital, 
is  distant  from  Sidney  1,050  miles.  The  island 
is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  a  range  of  mountains 
;/  rundown  its  length,  in  some  parts  attaining  an 
eleyition  of  8,000  feet;  it  is  surrounded  by 
ooral  reefs  and  sandbanks,  and  possesses  secure 
btrboure,— Port  Bekde  on  its  N.E  and  Port  St. 
Vincent  on  the  S.  W.  coasts.  The  soil  is  very 
fruitful,  producing  cocoanuts,  bananas,  and 
iH^-fruit.  Sugar-cane  also  ffrows  when  cul- 
tivated, and  vines  grow  wild.  iTie  inhabitants 
reaemble  the  Papuan  race,  and  were  for  a  long 
time  considered  docile  and  well  disposed. 

The  island  was  seized  by  the  French  Oovem- 
ment,  Sei)tember  20,  1853,  and  colonized.  The 
principal  interests  in  this  island  are  British.  The 
French  Government,  in  December,  1864,  re- 
dressed the  outrages  committed  on  the  British 
missionaries  at  a  station  established  in  1854. 
Its  Dopulation  is  estimated  at  60,000  souls.  It 
has  been  used  by  the  French  Government  as  a 
penal  settlement,  both  for  d^port^s  and  trans- 
ports. The  European  population  is  about 
16,000,  3,000  of  whom  are  civilians,  the  re- 
mainder military,  convicts,  and  exiles. 

Rochefort  and  five  other  Communists  escaped 
from  New  Caledonia,  reaching  Newcastle,  New 
South  Wales,  March  27,  1874.  Rochefort  left 
Sydney  by  Califomian  mail,  April  11,  1874. 

Eleven  Europeans  massacred  and  fourteen 
wounded  by  New  Caledonia  natives,  October 
12,  1867. 

In  June,  1878,  the  aborinnals  in  the  Boulou- 
pari  district  rose  and  slaughtered  a  man  named 
Chene  and  his  family  at  Dezamauld's  station. 
To  this  man's  abuse  of  the  power  entrusted  to 
him,  and  general  cruelty  towards  the  natives  may 
be  attributed  the  rebeUion.  After  the  murder  of 
Chene  and  family  the  gendarmes  from  La  Fou 
proceeded  to  arrest  the  murderers,  whereat  the 
natives  rose  en  masse  and  maasacred  General 
Gaily  Passe  Bosc  and  gendarmes,  and  at 
Goinde,  Dogny,  and  Bouloupari,  killing  all  the 
whites  with  whom  they  came  in  contzMst  (June 
24,  25,  1878)  to  the  number  of  128.  The  total 
strength  of  the  rebels  was  estimated  at  about 
1,000  men  under  a  chief  named  Atai,  a  man  of 
great  intelligence  and  strong  physique.  He  was 
ably  secondeid  in  his  command  by  a  chief  named 
Baptiste.  For  some  time  the  rebels  held  their 
ground  against  the  troops  and  volunteers  sent  to 
quell  the  rising,  but  other  tribes  of  blacks 
having  been  enlisted  on  the  side  of  the  Govern- 
ment, and  the  chiefs  Atai  and  Baptiste  being 
slain,  the  rebellious  tribes  were  oy  degrees 
driven  back  from  their  strongholds  ;  and  from  a 
despatch,  dated  Bourail,  January  6,  1879,  it 
appears  that  a  severe  blow  has  been  given  to 
them  at  Cape  Goulvain  in  an  engagement  in 


which  an  immense  number  of  the  insurgents 
fell,  whilst  the  French  loss  was  two  killed  (one 
an  officer)  and  four  wounded.  A  large  quantity 
of  arms  and  ammunition  were  also  captured 
from  the  natives.  Since  this  fight  parties  of 
the  Kanakas  are  daily  tendering  tneir  sub- 
mission. 

Heads  of  rebel  chiefs  Atai  and  Baptiste 
exhibited  in  New  Caledonia,  September  3,  1878. 

Thirteen  Europeans  massacred  on  river  Poya 
by  natives,  November,  1878. 

Nine  persons  massacred  at  Kone,  November 
20,  18781 

Agreement  with  Mr.  Higginson,  an  English 
colonist,  signed  by  the  French  Government, 
granting  him  the  services  of  300  convicts  for  a 
period  of  20  years,  at  the  charge  of  one  penny 
per  day  per  man,  the  Government  agreeme  to 
feed  and  clothe  them  during  that  time.    1879. 

5,000,000  francs  voted  by  the  French  Govern- 
ment for  the  construction  of  a  cable  from 
Moreton  Bay  to  New  Caledonia,  January,  1879. 

NEWCASTLE. 

New  South  Wales  (Native  name,  MtUubinba). 
Settlement  formed,  April,  1804. 

Christ  Church  founded  by  Captain  Jiames 
Wallis  of  46th  Regiment,  1817. 

Christ  Church  opened,  1821. 

Newcastle  appointed  a  place  for  holding  Quar- 
ter Sessions,  June  19,  1826. 

Newcastle  formed  into  a  separate  bishopric, 
1847. 

Newcastle  lighted  with  gas,  October  29,  1867. 

NEW  GUINEA. 

This  large  island  lies  inmiediately  south  of  the 
Equator  and  north  of  Australia,  between  the 
Asiatic  Sea  on  the  west  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  on 
the  east.  The  general  direction  of  the  island  is 
W.N.  W.  and  E.S.E.  The  northern  part  is  situa- 
ted in  0**  19'  S.  lat.,  the  westpoint  m  nearly  the 
same  latitude  and  in  131°  12^E.  long.,  and  the 
south-east  point  (Cape  Moresby)  in  lO""  34'  S. 
lat.  and  in  151°  2^  £.  Ions.  New  Guinea  is 
about  1500  miles  in  lengtn  from  north-west 
to  south-east,  with  a  varjring  breadth  of  from 
200  to  400  miles,  and  an  area  of  250,000 
square  miles.  The  climate  of  New  Guinea  is  far 
more  humid  than  the  opposite  continent  of  Aus- 
tralia, owing  no  doubt  to  the  equatorial  stream 
of  vapours  and  the  height  of  its  mountain  range, 
which  average  more  than  double  that  of  tiie 
Australian  Alps.  Mount  Owen  Stanley  (so 
called  after  the  conmianderof  H.M.S.  "Rattle- 
snake") is  13,205  feet.  Mount  SuckUng  11,226 
feet.  Mount  Obree  10,246  feet.  Mount  Yule, 
10,046  feet,  and  many  others  of  nearly  equal 
altitude,  whilst  Mount  Kosciusko,  the  highest 
mountain  in  Australia,  is  but  6,510  feet.  The 
country,  as  far  as  is  known,  is  covered  with 
dense  and  varied  forests  and  vast  alluvial  plains, 
intersected  bv  noble  rivers.  The  natives,  who 
appear  to  be  far  superior  to  the  Australian  abo- 
ngmals,  live  in  well-built  and  cleanly-kept  vil- 
lages, and  cultivate,  with  more  or  less  success,  rice, 
maize,  yams,  cocoa-nuto,   sugar-cane,  bananas. 


170 


NEW  GUINEA. 


and  otiieir  tropical  priMbietioBB ;  tbeir  patdiesof 
caitiv»tioii  are  weu.  dug,  kept  properly  weeded* 
snd  are  neatly  fenced.  Tke  natives  appear  to  be 
of  a  mixed  race,  there  being  a  great  variety  of 
feature  (the  Malay,  the  Jewish,  and  the  n»> 
nan)  as  well  as  oi  colour,  whilst  some  of  the 
explorers  brought  home  by  H.M.S.  ''Basiliak" 
in  1874,  stated  that  they  had  seen  a  tribe  with 
the  features  of  white  men,  but,  of  course,  daric  in 
colour.  The  animals  are  few  and  mostly  marsu- 
pial, there  bein^  two  species  of  kangaitx)  which 
dimb  trees.  The  birds  are  remarkable  for  the 
brilliancy  of  their  plumace.  Amongst  them  are 
varieties  of  the  birds  of  Paradise,  and  some 
remarkable  species  of  fly-catcher  and  innumer- 
able flocks  of  parrots. 

Don  Jorge  de  Menenis,  a  Portuguese  navigator,  appean 

to  have  been  tiM  lint  Europeeii  who  visited  Nefw 

Ouinea ;  he  remelned  a  montti  and  oalled  it  Papua. 

U20. 
Alvarez  de  Saavedra,  another  Portuguese,  landed  in  New 

Guinea,  and  forming  the  idea  that  it  abounded  in  gold, 

oaUed  it  lala  del  Dra.    1628. 
Tuigo  Ortiz  de  Retz,  a  Spanish  mariner,  sailed  250  miles 

along  the  northern  coast,  and  named  it  Neuva  Gkdiieai 

1545. 
tnis  Vaes  de  Torres  sighted  New  Guinea  and  sailed  for 

900  miles  along  its  eoast,  doubled  the  ioutk-«ut  point, 

and  landed  in  several  places.    1606. 
Schouten  virited  New  Guinea  and  discovered  aevenJ 

volcanoes,  1616. 
Dampier  visited  New  Guinea,  and  on  landing  Met  with 

considerable  resistanre  from  the  natives,  160a. 

Bougainville  touched  on  the  coast  and  called  the  place 

where  he  landed,  "Louiaade.**    176& 
Captain  Cook  sailed  along  the  coast,  but  wis  prevented 

landing  on  account  of  the  hostility  of  the  natives,  17T0. 
FoRest  andiored  in  the  Bay  of  Doiy,  on  the  eoctfaem 

extremity  of  New  Guinea,  1775. 
I>*Entrecasteaux    passed     along    northern  coast  and 

through  Dampier's  Straits,  1792. 
Bampton  visitea  New  Guinea,  17M. 

O^ilain  Biistow   visited   the  northern  shores  of  the 

■nailer  islands  which  were  disoovend  by  D^fiatreoM- 

teauz,  1806. 
captain  Staboomee,  of  the  Dutch  ship  <*  Triton,**  made 

tne  earliest  attempt  to  form  a  Ehiropean  settlement  fai 

New  Guinea ;  he  toclk  possession  in  the  name  of  the 

Dutch  Govenunentof  all  the  territonr  from  141*  E.  long. 

westward  to  the  sea,  but  the  unhealthiness  of  the 

dhnate  caused  the  subsequent  abandonment  of  the 

settlement.    1828. 
Another  Dutch  ship  surveyed  what  was  then  oalled  the 

River  Dooiga,  but  discovered  it  was  a  channel  dividing 

Frederick  Henry  Island  from  the  south-west  mainland. 

1835. 
Osptain  D^rville  attempted  a  flying  sarvey  of  the 

eottthem  shore  in  the  "Astrolabe,"  1840. 
Captain  Blackwood  in  H.M.8.  '"  Fly,**  survevcd  140  miles 

of  the  south-east  coast  of  New  Guinea  within  the  great 

bight,    1845. 
lieutenant  Yule,  H.M.  schooner  *'  Bramble,"  laid  down 

coast  line  from  termination  of  Blackwood's  sarvey, 

along  south-east  coast  of  bight  1846. 

Captain  Owen  Stanley  in  H.M  S.  "Rattlesnake,**  accom- 
panied by  the  '*  Bramble  "  (Lieut  Yule),  surveyed  the 
south-east  peninsalar  of  New  Guinea  and  Bougain- 
ville's Louisade,  and  decided  that  the  latter  was  a 
sepaiate  island.    June,  1848. 

An  attempt  was  made  in  Sydney  to  form  a  company  for 
the  colonization  of  New  Guinea.  A  number  of  sub- 
scribers joined  with  a  large  amount  of  capital,  but 
finding  the  express  sanction  of  the  Imperial  Govern- 
ment was  required,  the  ozganization  was  broken  up. 
1864. 

A  party  (chiefly  gold  miners,  and  including  Mr.  Percy 
Tanner,  the  well-known  young  cuicature  artist) 
attempted  to  reach  New  Guinea  in  the  brig  "  Maria," 
for  the  purpose  of  exploring  and  searching  for  rnld. 
Tliej  left  Sydney  January  25, 1878.     The  vessel  was 


wredced  on  the  coastof  Australia,  and eesiecf  the  sot- 
vivora  were  rescued  by  H.M.S.  "Basilisk,"  Captain 
Moresby,  March  12,  1872.  I^e  survivors  tmvM  in 
Sydney,  March  28, 1872. 

"  BasiliA,"  captain  Morerf)y's  expeditkm,  left  Cue 
Yoric  January  24,  1873  ;  reached  Bramble  Day  FeV 
Tvury  8 ;  andiored  Rodscar  Bay  February  IS :  dift- 
covered  mttd  nasMd  Port  More»b>-  and  Fairfax  Harbnor 
(nanied  in  honour  of  Captato  lierssby's  •father, 
Admiral  Sir  Fairfkx  Moresby)  Februaiy  20 ;  anch^ired 
and  remained  here  February  21  ;  blacksmitii  of  "Bas- 
ilisk **  reported  he  found  gold  in  qnarfec  a  few  miles 
inland,  February  25;  "Basilisk''  retnned  to  Cape 
York  March  1.  Second  trip:  "Basilisk"  left  Cipe 
York  March  20,  1873 ;  reached  Yam  Bay  April  14 ; 
discovered  and  named,  in  honour  of  Hie  teconi 
Lieutenant,  Hayter  Island,  April  24 ;  Gkptain  Morwby 
unfurled  the  British  fla^  on  Hayter  Ishtnd  sod  fonnallj 
read  proclamation  taking  possession  of  it  and  Nev 
Guinea  in  the  name  of  Queen  Victoria  and  by  ri^ht  of 
discovery  April  24.  187S  ;  discovered  and  named  Sir 
Thomas  Dyke  Ackland's  Bay  and  Disoofery  ihutiov 
April  86, 187& 

A  minute  from  the  Colonial  Secretary,  Hon.  H.  Paricss. 
was  sent  to  Governor  Robinson,  advising  an  effort  to  be 
made  towards  the  colonization  of  New  Guinea  under 
British  auspices,  but  no  definite  ansaer  was  received 
from  the  Home  Government.    1874. 

Large  meeting  heldin  Sydney  in  favour  of  annexing  Kew 
Guinea,  May  11,  1676. 

Brig  "Chevert"  was  fitted  out  by  Mr.  Mactey,  and 
started  from  Sydnev  to  explore  south-east  of  New 
Guinea.  The  expedition,  however,  resulted  in  no  dis- 
coveries being  made,  but  after  an  absence  of  sercnl 
months  it  brou^t  bade  an  immense  ooHeotion  of  qm- 
meiu  oi  great  interest  to  naturalists.    M^  18,187&. 

Andrew  Goldie,  a  botanical  collector  to  a  London  flm, 
landed  in  New  Guinea,  and  conomenced  explontioas 
along  coast  in  his  small  vessel,  the  "  Explorer."  frosn 
Yule  Island  to  the  mostnortheriy  pointof  New  OaiMS, 
April,  1876. 

Mr.  M'Farlane  visited  Kerq)enu  on  the  east  ride  of  Hood 
Bay,  in  the  missionary  steanier  "  Caiangoivan,''  Hay, 
1876. 

Signer  D'Alberti  (with  part}-)  penetrated  upmidi  of  4P0 
miles  up  the  Fly  River,  September,  1876. 

Expedition  under  Lieutenant  Powell,  R.N.,  left  Srdner, 
sind  is  at  present  (1870)  engaged  on  a  edentific  ex}>1or- 
ing  expedition  on  the  north-east  of  New  Guinea. 
June  1, 1877. 

Mr.  Goldie,  in  one  of  his  journeys  inland,  diicowreda 
large  river,  which  has  been  named  the  "Goldie,"  and 
also  found  unmistakable  traces  of  gold.    October,  1877. 

Mr.  Goldie  discovered  two  large  and  safe  harboars,  suit- 
able for  vessels  of  the  largest  size :  one  he  named  IGH- 
port,  and  the  other  Glasgow  Harbour.    1878. 

The  news  of  Mr.  Goldie  having  discovwed  gold  in  Nee 
Guinea  caused  some  excitement  in  New  South  Wales, 
and  a  party  of  gold-miners  started  in  the  "  Colonist*' 
to  prospect  for  it,  but  their  search  was  not  attended 
wiU)  mudi  success,  although  traces  of  the  preeioas 
metal  were  found  in  some  of  Uie  streams.  Fever  caused 
tAie  party  to  break  up,  and  the  members  of  it  returned 
as  best  they  could  to  Australia.  Some,  howevff, 
having  booome  accUmatlEed,  remained,  and  are  outf- 
tog  <m  Uteir  prospecting.    1878. 

Murder  of  Mr.  Ingram,  Queensland  Government  Ageot, 
and  party,  187& 

Six  native  teachers  died  through  New  Guinea  natiies 
poisoning  the  water  with  the  Upas  tree.  Januanr,  1879. 

Bsutm  Maclay  and  Chevalier  Bruno  started  from  SydMjr 
on  an  expeditaon  to  New  Guinea,  March  27, 1879. 

Mr.  Goldie,  who  appears  up  to  the  present 
time  to  have  made  the  most  explorations  into 
New  Guinea,  describes  the  interior  as  far  w  h^ 
has  penetrated,  as  a  splendid  gnudng  conntry, 
covered  with  many  grasses,  identical  with  those 
of  Australia,  and  well  watered  with  namercms 
small  rivers,  and  dotted  with  stunted  enoalyptn*; 
here  and  there  are  native  villages,  surnmndcd  by- 
plantations  of  oocoa*nut8  and  banana.  The 
natives  Mr.  Goldie  met  appeared  tobeaccustomed 


NEW  HEBRIMBS— NEW  SOUTH  WALES. 


171 


to  finfr-mnu,  biEfe  did  not  ap|ioar  to  oounder  them 
<tf  ny  vae  except  to  kill  birds  ^th.  All  the 
Bitifiee  are  physacally  powerful,  aad  w&te  in 
general  obliging  and  civil,  bat  none  eoold  be  in- 
aiMed  to  cross  the  line  into  the  ooimtry  of  another 
tnlie.  The  Flora  of  New  Guinea  he  describes  as 
qdeadid  in  the  extreme,  bat  the  Fauna  does  not 
present  a  corresponding  variety,  except  in  the 
chas  of  birds ;  snakes  are  not  at  all  numerous, 
vhikt  the  peculiar  pig  indigenous  to  the  country 
abounds  in  many  places.  The  butterflies,  too,  are 
ofiet  gorgeous,  and  some  are  of  an  enormous 
sue.  The  coast  he  describes  as  very  unhealthy. 
The  great  obstacle  to  the  settlement  of  the 
Qouitry  appears  to  be  the  hostility  of  some  few 
tribes  of  the  natives  and  the  deadliness  of  the 
dimate,  except  in  the  elevated  land  in  the 
interior.     1879. 

DflBOOVKRISS  IN,   BT  H.M.S.  ''BaSIUBK." 

7%e  "Basilisk  "  Captain  Moresby,  made  two 
trips  to  the  New  Guinea  coast.  The  first  ex- 
tended from  Gape  York  to  1<X)  miles  east  of 
Redacar  Head,  and  resulted  in  the  discovery  of 
Port  Moresby,  a  magnificent  harbour  40  miles 
east  of  Kedscar  Head  on  the  south  coast.  On 
inspectingthe  place  wiiitfaer  the  ill-fated  ''Maria" 
was  bound,  three  channels  were  discovered,  and 
oamed  Forte^e  Straits,  Rocky  Pass,  and  China 
Straits.  During  the  second  trip  it  was  discovered 
that  Heath  Point  consisted  of  three  large  islands, 
wtich  were  named  respectivelv  Moresby,  Monnl- 
ysn,  and  Hayter  Islands,  their  altitude  ranging 
from  800  to  1,600  feet.  Possession  of  these 
islands  by  right  of  discovery  was  taken  in  the 
noal  way.  A  quantity  of  quartz  in  which  gold 
is  visible,  was  brought  home  from  the  southern 
■de  of  Fairfax  Bay.     1873. 

HEW  HEBRIDE&  Benjamin  Boyd  imported 
labour  in  the  shape  of  natives  of  the  New 
Hebrides  to  N.S.  W.,  bat  the  experiment  proved 
alaihire.     1847. 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  CORPS.    [See  Mili- 

TAKY.] 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES,  Early  Settle- 
ment OF. 

Thomas  Townshend  Viscount  Sydney,  principal 
Seoretaxy  of  State  for  the  Colonies  in  the  ad- 
■inistration  of  Pitt,  adopting  Captain  Cook's 
•oggestion,  recommended  the  establishment  of  a 
wSSnv  in  New  South  Wales.     1785. 

Omen>in-Council  for  establishing  a  settlement 
in  New  South  Wales,  December  6,  1786. 

H.M.S.  <'Siriu8,"  540  tons,  20  guns,  160  men, 
lying  at  Deptford,  commissioned,  and  the  com- 
mand given  to  Arthur  Phillip,  Esq.,  for  the 
projected  expedition  to  found  an  English  settle- 
ment in  New  South  Wales,  October  25,  1786. 

H.M.S.  "  Supply,"  armed  tender  brig,  8  guns, 
65  men,  put  in  commission,  under  the  command 
(rf  Lieutenant  Henry  Ligbird  Ball,  for  the  same 
avric,  eOctober25,  1786. 

John  Hunter  appointed  second  Captain  «f  the 
"Sinus,"  with  the  rank  of  Post-Captain, 
December  15,  1786. 


Tlie  first  fleet  began  to  rendesvons  at  the 
Mather  Bank,  Isle  of  Wight,  as  follows: — 
'*  Sirius,"  H.M.  frigate,  Captain  Je^  Hunter  ; 
''Supply,"  H.M.  armed  tender,  Lientcnant 
Henry  Lidgbiid  Ball;  ''Golden  Grove,"  stoire- 
ship;  "  tfishbom,"  storeship  ;  "  Bonowdale,'' 
storeship  ;  "  Scarborough,"  transport,  eanying 

1  captain,  33  marines,  208  male  convicts  ;  "  Lady 
Penrhyn,"  transport,  carrying  1  captain,  2  hen- 
tentants,  3  privates,  and  102  female  oonvictB ; 
"  Friendship,"  transport,  carrjring  1  captain,  44 
marines  and  privates,  77  male  and  20  female 
convicts;  "Charlotte,"  transport,  carrying  1 
captain,  43  men,  88  male  and  20  female  con- 
victs ;  "  Prince  of  Wales,"  transport,  carrying 

2  lieutenants,  30  marines,  and  50  female  con- 
victs ;  "  Alexander,"  transport,  carrying  2  lieu- 
tenants, 35  marines,  and  213  male  convicts. 
March  16,  1787. 

Captain  Arthur  Phillip  hoisted  his  flag  on 
board  the  "Sirius"  as  Commodore  of  the 
Squadron,  and  weighed  anchor  at  daybreak, 
setting  sail  for  New  South  Wales,  May  13, 
1787. 

Total  number  of  persons  who  embarked  in 
the  first  fleet,  on  Sunday,  May  13,  1787  :— 

Cavflollloen M 

Harioes,  including  offloera 212 

Wives  (23)  and  cUldren  (17)  of  above  46 

Other  free  persons 81 

Maleoouviots 504 

Female  oonvioU  liMB 

1,044 

The  "Supply,"  having  on  board  Governor 
Phillip  and  Lieutenant  Gidley  King,  sighted  the 
coast  of  New  South  Waks,  January  3,  1788. 

The  "Supply"  anchored  in  Botany  Bay, 
January  18,  1788. 

The  "Alexander,"  "Scarborough,"  and 
"Friendship"  cast  anchor  in  Botany  Bay, 
January  19,  1788. 

The  "Sirius,"  with  the  remainder  of  the 
convoy,  the  "Golden  Grove,"  "  Fishbum,** 
"Borrowdale,"  "  Lady  Penrhyn,"  "  Charlotte," 
and  "  Prince  of  Wales,"  arrived  in  Botany  Bay, 
JanuarrSO,  1788. 

Total  number  of  persons  landed,  lOSOl 
January  20,  1788. 

€k»vemor  Phillip,  accompanied  by  Captain 
Hunter  and  several  other  officers,  set  out  in 
boats  for  a  bay  north  of  Botany  Bay  mentioned 
by  Captain  Cook  and  called  Broken  Bay.  They 
entered  a  place  on  the  way  marked  "  Port  Jack- 
son," and  selected  a  cove  "  about  half-a-mile  in 
length  and  a  quarter-of-a>mile  across  the  en- 
trance," situated  six  miles  inside  this  harbour, 
as  the  place  for  the  new  settlement.  In  honor 
of  Lord  Sydney  the  Governor  named  it  Sydney 
Cove.    January  22,  1788. 

In  passing  a  point  of  land  in  the  harbour  of 
Port  Jackson,  the  Governor  named  it  Manly 
Cove,  in  consequence  of  the  confidence  and 
manly  behaviour  of  the  natives  there.  January 
23,  1788. 

Governor  Phillip,  having  sufficiently  enilored 
Port  Jackson  and  found  it  in  all  respects  highly 


172 


ITEWSPAPEBa 


calcnlated  to  support  such  a  settlement  as  he 
was  appointed  to  establish,  returned  to  Botany 
Bay,  January  24,  1788. 

Governor  Phillip  quitted  Botany  'Btkj  in  the 
**  Supply,**  and,  together  with  the  whole  of  the 
first  neet,  sailed  into  Port  Jackson,  Januaiy 
25,  1788. 

The  British  flag  displayed  on  shore  in  the 
harbour  of  Port  Jackson,  and  around  the  flag- 
staff the  Grovemor  and  principal  officers 
assembled  and  drank  the  King's  health  and 
success  to  the  new  colony.    January  26,  1788. 

The  colony  of  New  South  Wales  formally 
taken  possession  of  in  the  name  of  the  Kin^  of 
England  by  Governor  Arthur  Phillip.  British 
colours  hoisted  on  Dawes  Battery.   Jan.  26, 1788. 

On  a  space  previously  cleared,  the  whole 
colony  was  assembled  ;  the  military  drawn  up 
under  arms  ;  the  convicts  stationed  apart ;  and 
around  the  Governor  those  who  were  appointed 
to  hold  the  principal  offices  in  the  new  British 
settlement.  'Die  Royal  Conmiission  establishing  a 
regular  form  of  Government  on  the  coast  of  New 
South  Wales  was  read  by  Mr.  David  Collins,  the 
Judge  Advocate.  February  7,  1788.  [By  this 
inshrunent  Arthur  Phillip  was  constituted 
Captain-General  and  Grovemor-in-Chief  over  the 
territory  called  New  South  Wales  (thus  named 
by  Captain  Cook),  including  all  the  islands 
aajacent  thereto.  The  office  of  Lieutenant- 
Gk>vemor  was  conferred  on  Major  Ross,  of  the 
Marines.  The  Act  of  Parliament  establishing 
the  Courts  of  Judicature  was  also  read ;  anc^ 
lastly,  the  patents  under  the  Great  Seal.] 

Officers  of  the  New  Colony.  Arthur 
Phillip,  Captain,  Governor,  and  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  New  South  Wales;  Robert  Ross 
(Major),  lieutenant^Govemor ;  Richard  John- 
son, Chaplain ;  John  Long,  Adjutant ;  Andrew 
Millar,  Commissary ;  David  Collins,  Judee- 
Advocate  ;  James  Furzen,  Quarter-master ;  Jonn 
White,  Sureeon ;  Thomas  Amdell,  Assistant- 
Surgeon  ;  William  Balmain,  Assistant  Surseon  ; 
John  Hunter,  Captain  of  the  *'Sirius  ;"  rnillip 
GidleyKinff,  Second  Lieutenant  of  the  "Sirius ; 
H.  L.  Bi3l  (Lieutenant),  in  command  of 
the  "Supply;"  John  Shortland  (Lieutenant), 
a^nt  for  transports  ;  officers  in  charse  of  gar- 
rison of  200  marines — Captain  Campbell^  Captain 
Shea,  Captain  Meredith,  Captain  Tench,  Lieu- 
tenant Johnson,  Lieutenant  Collins,  Lieutenant 
Kellow,  Lieutenant  Morrison,  Lieutenant  Clarke, 
Lieutenant  Faddy,  Lieutenant  Cresswell,  Lieu- 
tenant Poulden,  Lieutenant  Sharp,  Lieutenant 
Davey,  Lieutenant  Timmins.     May  13,  1788. 

Three  of  the  transports — ^the  "  Scarborough," 
"Ladv  Penrhyn,"  and  "  Charlotte  "  — which 
brought  the  first  convicts  to  Australia,  left  for 
China  to  load  tea  for  the  East  India  Company. 
The  "Supply"  also  sailed  for  Lord  Howe 
Island.     May  6,  1788. 

Four  other  ships  under  Lieutenant  Shortland, 
first  fleet,  sailed  for  England — the  **  Alexander," 
"Friendship,"  "Prince  of  Wales,"  and  "Bor- 
rowdale."  The  "  Sirius,"  "  Fishburn,"  and 
"Golden  Grove"  remained.    July  14,  1788. 


The  "Sirius,"  Captain  Hunter,  sent  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  for  supplies.  Grest  want 
of  food  in  the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales  for 
seven  months.    Septraiber  90,  1788. 

Names  of  officers  on  duty  in  the  Settlement 
of  New  South  Wales,  October  1,  1788  :— Major- 
Commandant,  Robert  Ross  ;  Captains — James 
Campbell  and  John  Shea  ;  Captain-lieutenant 
— James  Meredith  and  Watkm  Tench ;  First 
Lieutenants — George  Johnstone,  John  Cress- 
well,  Robert  KeUow,  John  Poulden,  John 
Johnstone,  James  M.  Shairp,  Thomas  Davey, 
and  Thomas  Timmins ;  Second  lientenantfr— 
Ralph  Clarke,  William  Dawes,  and  William 
Faddy ;  Adjutant,  Second  Lieutenant  John 
Long;  Quarter-master,  First  Lieutenant  James 
Fur^  ;  Judge- Advocate,  David  Collins ;  with 
160  privates. 

Return  of  the  "  Sirius,"  with  four  months' 

Provisions.  Great  rejoicing  in  the  colony. 
lav  9,  1789. 

Excursion  of  Governor  Phillip,  with  Captain 
Hunter  and  party,  to  examine  Broken  Bay  and 
the  HawkesDury.  Returned  iJter  a  few  days' 
excursion.     June  6,  1789. 

A^n  started,  June  30,  1789.  The  Windsor 
and  Richmond  bottoms  examined.  The  Kmn* 
jong  Mountain  and  the  Nepean  Grose  River 
seen.  Returned  to  the  Settlement  overland, 
Jidy  13, 1789. 

The  "  Supply "  sent  to  Batavia,  under  the 
command  of  Lieutenant  Ball,  for  provisions. 
April  17,  1790. 

The  store  ship  "Justinian,"  from  England, 
arrived  with  a  timely  supply  of  provisions  for 
the  colonists,  June  20,  1790. 

The  "Gorgon,"  44  ffuns,  convoying  what  is 
termed  the  "Second  Fleet,"  arrived  in  Sydney, 
with  1,695  male  and  68  female  convicts;  198 
died  on  the  passage.     September  21,  1791. 

Arrival  of  the  "Atlantic"  from  Calcutta 
with  a  much-required  cargo  of  rice  and  other 
provisions,  June  20,  1792. 

The  Settlement  placed  on  full  rations  after 
many  months'  privation,  July,  1792. 

Parliamentary  enquiry  into  the  state  of  the 
colony  held  in  England,  1812. 

Northern  Boundary  of.  An  Act  was 
passed  which  provided  the  limit  of  New  Sonth 
Wales  to  the  north,  in  case  bther  Colonies 
should  be  formed  in  that  part  of  Australia.  No 
territory  lying  to  the  south  of  the  26th  degree 
of  latitude  was  to  be  detached  from  New  Sooth 
Wales.     1843. 

Population  or.  On  January  1,  1879,  the 
population  of  New  South  Wales  was  estiniated 
by  the  Registrar  General  to  be  693,743. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Aostraha 
was  The  Sydney  OazeUe  and  New  S<nUh  ffales 
Advertiser,  printed  by  George  Howe,  Saturday, 
March  5,  1803.  J%e  Sydney  Oazette  issned 
every  Sunday  from  April  2,  1803;  Syd»eff 
(Toseete  ceased  December  23,  1843. 


NEWSPAPERS. 


173 


The  DencerU  Star  (first  newspaper  in  Van 
DiemeQ*8  Land),  editor,  6.  P.  Hams ;  printer, 
George  Clark  ;  iirst  published  January  8,  1810. 

Tm  Kan  Diemen'a  Land  QaseUe  and  General 
Advertiser  (G.  Clark,  printer),  established  May 
21, 1813. 

The  HobaH  Town  Gazette  (Andrew  Bent), 
established  June  1,  1816.  [In  1824  the  title  of 
the  papw  was  changed  to  The  Gazette  and  Van 
Diemen^e  Land  Advertiser ;  it  ceased  August 
19,  1825.] 

The  AustrtUian  (editors,  William  Clharles 
Wentworth  and  Br.  R.  Wardell),  established 
in  Sydney  October  14,  1824. 

The  Tasmanian,  first  newspaper  in  Launces- 
ton,  established  January  5,  1825. 

The  Moniior,  established  in  Sydney,  1826. 

The  Gleaner,  Sydney,  established  1827. 

The  Cornwall  Press^  V .  D.  L. ,  establii^ed  April, 
1829. 

The  LauncestonAdverU&eTf  V.  D. L. ,  established 
Febioary  9,  1829. 

The  Sudney  Morning  JTercUd  (weekly  news- 
paper), first  issue  April  18,  1831,  title  Sydney 
Haxild;  published  bi-weekly  May,  1832,  on 
Mondays  and  Thursdays ;  puolished  tri- weekly 
in  July,  1838,  on  Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and 
Saturdays ;  published  as  a  daily  paper  from 
Thoraday,  October  1,  1840;  assumed  its  present 
title,  August  1,  1842. 

The  (^jvemment  Gazette,  N.S.W.,  established 
March  7.  1832. 

The  Colonist,  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  established 
1S35. 

Port  Phillip  Advertiser,  established  January  1, 
1836. 

The  South  Australian  Register  (first  printed  in 
London  under  the  title  of  the  South  Australian 
GazFUe  and  Colonial  Begister,  June  18,  1836), 
Adelaide,  established  June  4,  1837. 

Bents  News,  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  established 
1837. 

PoH  Phillip  Patriot,  established  March  5, 
1838. 

Melbourne  Hercdd,  established  1840. 

Ptrlh  Inquirer,  West  Australia,  established 
August  16,  1840. 

^ew  Zealand  JTercUd  and  Auckland  Gazette, 
estabUshed  July  10,  1841. 

The  Weekly  Register,  Sydney  (Duncan's, 
ceased  in  1846),  established  1843. 

The  Shipping  GazetU,  Sydney  (ceased  in  1860), 
established  1843. 

The  Atlas,  Sydney,  established  1844. 

The  Moreton  Bay  Courier,  established  June  24, 
1844. 

BelVs  Life  in  Sydney  (ceased  1872),  established 
1845. 

Th^  (Melbourne)  Argus,  first  issued  June  2, 
1846. 

Heads  of  the  People  (ceased  1849),  established 
Sydney,  1847. 

The  People's  Advocate,  first  issued  December 
13,  1848. 

The  Empire,  first  published  in  Sydney 
I>ec.,  1850 ;  temporarily  stopped  Aug.  28,  1858 ; 
revived  May  26,  1859;  ceased  Feb.  9,  1874. 


The  Freeman's  Journal,  Sydney,  established 
1850. 

The  lUustrcUed  Sydney  News,  established 
1853. 

The  Age,  Melbourne,  established  October  17» 
1854. 

Punch,  Melbourne,  established  1855. 

Punch,  Sydney,  es^blished  1856. 

llie  Leader  (Melbourne),  established  Januair 
6,  1856. 

Darling  Downs  Gazette,  June,  1858. 

South  Australian  Advertiser  first  issued  July 
12,  1858. 

Queensland  Times,  Ipswich,  July,  1859. 

Sydney  Mail,  established  July  7,  1860. 

Ilrst  daily  paper  published  in  Brisbane,  May 
12,  1861. 

Bockhampton  Bulletin,  established  July,  1861. 

Toowoomba  Chronicle,  July,  1861. 

Northern  Argus,  Rockhamptcoi,  established 
1863. 

The  Australasian,  Melbourne,  established 
October  1,  1864. 

The  Queenslander,  Brisbane,  established  Feb- 
ruary, 1866. 

The  Evening  News,  Sydney,  established  July 
29,  1867. 

Bell's  Life  in  Victoria,  last  issue,  Januair  11, 
1868. 

Tfie  Australian  Town  and  Country  Journal, 
Sydney,  established  January  8,  1870. 

Ipswich  Observer,  Jlme  1,  1870. 

The  Telegraph,  Brisbane,  established  October 
1,  1872. 

The  Capricomian,  Bockhampton,  established 
January  2,  1875. 

The  Echo,  Sydney,  established  May  1,  1875. 

The  Week,  Brisbane,  established  July  1,  1876. 

Queensland  Punch  established  October  1, 1878. 

Australian  (Brisbane)  established  1878. 

List  or,  PtJBijaESD  in  Australasia. 

NXW  SOUTH  WALES. 

Albukt Border  Post 

„       Burner     # 

AimiDiLB Express 

Brxwarruva Buvon  Argos 

Bathurst Independent 

,, Pree  Press 

„         Times 

„         Sentinel 

„ Standard 

Balravald  Recorder 

Bboa  Gazette 

BoMBALA    Herald 

„         Times 

BouRKB Central  AustralianAB.TeIegniph 

Braidwood   Despatch 

BuRROWA  News 

Carooar    Chronicle 

CASHfO   Richmond  River  Express 

„     Representative 

CooKA Monaro  Mercury 

CoowAMBLE   Independent 

CoOTAMCVDRA Herud 

CoROWA O.  and  M.  Advertiser 

„       Free  Press 

CoNDOBOLiH Advocate 

Dbniliqitim    Pastoral  Times 

„  Riverine  Advertiser 

„  Chronicle 

DUBBO Dispatch 

, Express 


174 


ITEWHPAFEBa 


•Bd  Gbrauw  River 


„       Gazette 

GuBH  Ihksb Guardian 

„  Examiner 

GouLBUiLN Herald 

>•         Argua 

„         Evening  Poet 

Grxnuell Mining  Record 

Gkajtom    RkiimoiHl 

Exaaiiner 

Aigua 

„        Observer 

Gdloomo    Advocate 

OuNNiNO    Leadw 

CkJUDAGAi Times 

GtTXKBDAU Namol  Independent 

Hay Standard 

, BiveiinA  Gnodar 

INVBBKLL  Tiinea 

„        Hetald 

JniLDBRiB    Gaiett* 

Kbm»by    Macleay  Herald 

,•        Hadaay  CEferoatate 

KiAMA IndependMUl 

,y,     Beporter 

„     Oddfellow 

L18SIORE Btar 

, Chronic 

Haitland Mercnrv 

„        Advertuing  Mediom 

MoLOxe Kxprese 

MOAMA   Riverine  Herald 

„       M oama  and  Echnca  Advertiaer 

If ORUTA Examiner 

„       Liberal 

Mmstals Bcrutbieer 

MCDOKS Western  Post 

, Independent 

SfCRRrRUKDi    T&nes 

Nbwcastlb   Beimld 

, Pilot 

Narrabri Herald 

Oranob Advocate 

It       Liberal 

Parkbb Ghnmide 

Parramaita Cumberland  Mereuiy 

,»  Cumberland  Times 

QUBA!rBBTAlC Age 

BoGiur  Motrra  Lower  darsnoe  Advocate 

Sboaluavbv News 

Singleton Argus 

St.  Leonards  Recorder 

Stdnet  Homing  Herald 

, Evening  News 

MaU 

Town  and  Country  Journal 

Government  GajEette 

4^ . . .  Weekly  Advocate 

Echo 

JoumaJ  of  ObmmerM 

Puneh 

Illustrated  News 

Protestant  Standard 

Freemason 

Churchman 

AgriBultural  Journal 

"ABC"  Guide 

Freeman's  Journal 

Orangeman 

CteUiolic  Times 

The  Witness 

The  Presbyterian 

Courier 

Tamwobtii News 

,,         Obeerver 

Taree Manning  Times 

TsNTBRnBLD Star 

„     Independent 

TiTMrr    Tumnt  and  Adelong  Times 

Ullapulla   UlladuUa  and  Hilton  Times 

Uralla Uralla  and  Waiolui  Times 

Waooa  Waooa E&cpresB 

.*  AdvertLur 

Windsor    Australian 

W^oLLONooxa    lUawarra  MeKury 

i»  mawamkAxgaa 


t* 


*• 


»» 


»» 


»» 


i» 


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»♦ 


Tabs  . 
Yo«>« 


WteiiUNTDir 
Wbhtworih 

WlUAJOUA. 


Burrangoog  CSirsniols 


AUCOAXD. 


XflW  ZBALAKDU    . 
New  Zealand  BmU 


t*         .............. 

,»         Morning  Star 

„         Evening  Star 

„         Evening  News 

„        Wesl4yHanik» 

, Weekly  Newa 

Blenmbim Express 

CuRiBTciiURCH Lvttslton  Ttesf 

Weekly  Tlfeasv^ 

DsAlyPrais 

ta  .^.«&..>..  weeoy  xxess 

CROlfWXLL ArgUB 

CuARLBsrMi Herald 


Grbt  River Aigm 

n_        Weekly  ArgBS 

Out  Yallbt Times 

Oraiiaiibtowx Thames 


tt 


tt 


Hawsb'sBat  Telemiph 

,f  Herud 

ff  ..........  ^^mes 

HAWEWBomv    Herald 

BouTUA  WestOoastTiinaB 

I,         Leader 

IlTTBRCASSiLii  Southlawl  Nent 

,,  Times 

Naseby Mount  Ida  Chioaide 

Nblsok. Examiner 

Colonist 

Evening  Mail 

Nafob. Weekly  Telegrspk 

Otaoo Daily  limes 

Witness 

Goardian 

Echo 

Evening  Sttf 

Oamaru Times 

, Herald 

Piotoir    MtaAhr&Vnm 

QuEBNSTOWN LsJds  Wakstiu  Mstt 

Ross    Guardian 

Rbevton Inansahua  Bendd 

Taranaki Hendd 

„        News 

TuAPEKA    Times 

TiMARU  Tlmeb 

ToKOMAjRiRO    Bruce  Herald 

WAWOAinn Chrooide 

, Times 

Wii«u2reT0N NewSbalandTInus 

Mail 

,,        BveningPosl 

Wazkato  TteMs 

Wairarapa Meramy. 

POLTNCSIA. 

Fui Times 

„  Gacetta 

HoNObULU TUnes 

„         Commercial  Advertiser 

NkwOalidokla Noumea  Gasette 

Le  Courier. 

Moniteur 


tt 


It 


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tt 


tt 


QUEENSLAND. 

Gbwiev 

....  Queenaiander 
Monthly  JouraalnfOoBBiwM 

Tetograph 

Queensland  Punch 

AustnJian 


BowBir    Port  Denison  Times 

Cairks  Advertiser 

CLERMon Poak  BownslUegMBi 


BZWSPAPSRS. 


175 


HmU 

TfaMt 

..>«,....•  QufBMMUttil  Tlmw 

Obwrvtf 

UwiA 

Mercury 

CSirooiole 

M«U 

..........  WidaBB^M^BwDMtl 

BATisurooB Mlnir 

Konjuanos Aiku» 

,  Mlelbi 

fUMA WesteraStar 

i^AxaMim Border  Fort  aad  IfiMT 

TuovooMiA  Chroaicle 

^         DwlioK  Downs  QAMtte 

TbviwnuB ClevelMid  B^r  Hermld 

Uanki 

Waavks  Ai^gus 

m       •••••  Buml 

SOUTH  AuanrsALU. 

AfiOoiOB Register 

M        Adveitiaer 

, Obeerrer 

Chronicle 

» Telegmph 

M        Express 

„  Protestant  Adrooate 

„        Portottian 

M        Comet 

» Irish  Hsrp 

, Ilhistn^Poet 

8ttd-Australische  Zeitmiff 

„         Bndshaw 

Curi    Ncnthem  Aigus 

KATi'XDtA  Chmrdiao 

Hermld 

Gawlsr Times 

>r Bimirip 

XocarGAJiHm Border  Watch 

Staadani 

Post  Elliott  Southern  Aisus 

TixnrDA   Deutsch*  ZMtmig 

Wauakoo Thnea. 

•R&gMANIA. 

HeuAxTowx  Mercmy 

„  Tasioanian  Tribune 

M  Catholic  Standaid 

„  People's  Friend 

I<urxciBKMr Cornwall  Chroniole 

n  Advertiser 

„  Knaminnr 

,»         'hsmanian 

VICTOBIA. 

^KAHAT Adrertiew 

AiBASitt^  Tlinea 

AvocA Itett 

&Ai;ciics  31AB0H Sxprem 

l^AUAs Reporter 

HiUiAAAT Star 

tt       .......••  •••.  Milter 

f Evening  POei 

,•        Courier 

„    ,.        EveningMail 

Jmusdaui Courier 

^I'roKT Chroniole 

BlXMoo Advertiser 

.,   Independent 

, Star 

^,      Evening  News 

■Qoivoiixa O.  and  M.  Advestlsei 

^    „  Spectator 

BibTAirr Gazette 

..       Banner 

oi^ALLA    North-Eastem  Enaign 

<^uoHTox Southern  does 

^'xixTONo   Telegraph 

^^nsRDowx    Hampden  Guardian 


CABTuniAiini Mount  Alexander  Mail 

„  Bepresentative 

CoLUXOWooD    Obeerver 

C01.BRAINB. Albion 

Chiltbrn  Fedesal  Standard 

CoLAC Observer 

Herald 

CanwiCK Advertiser 

Clunks  Ouardian 

Datlbsforo Mereury 

DuNOLLY    Express 

EcBUCA Riverine  Herald 

Eaolbhawk I^eadar 

Embrald  Hill Record 

FooTscRAT    Chronicle 

Gbbloxo    Advertiser 

„        Evening  Times 

,,         News  oTthe  Week 

HAiMLTOir Spectator 

HRATHcon   M*lvor  Times 

„  Advertiser 

Inolbwood Advertiser 

Jamibbom   Chronicle 

KiuiOBB. Free  Press 

„       Ouardlan 

Ktmbtos    Obeerver 

„         Guardian 

,,         Chronicle 

LucGRPiBLD  Chronicle 

„  Examiner 

Lakssborouoh    Times 

Majorca  akoOarisbrooe  Independent 

M  ARTBOBOUOH Advertiser 

Maxspibld    Onafftian 

Mblbourhb  Argus 

^  Australasian 

»•  Age 

„  AuetraUan  Joomal 

„  Australian  leraelito 

f,  Australian  Jurist 

,»  Australian  News  (Illustrated) 

„  Advocate 

„  Australasian  TVade  Beview 

„  Australian  Mechanic 

„  BradshaVs  Guide 

„  Church  News 

y^  Church  of  Bnriand 

, Christian  Re^ew 

,,  Australian  Slcetcher 

„  Collegian 

„  Daily  Telegraph 

,,  Economist 

,,  Evening  Herald 

„  Evening  Express 

, Entr'Acte 

,^  In8<rfvency  CIrralar 

„  Joomal  of  Commeroe 

,^  Leader 

,,  . . « Deutsche  ZeiCung 

,,  Medical  Journal 

, New  Sporting  Em 

,^  Punch 

„  Town  and  Country 

„  Temperance  News 

,,  Victorian  Independent 

M  Weekly  Times 

^  Wesleyaa  Chronicle 

MoRSbAXB Dispatch 

Plbasavt  Crbbk Chroniele 

„  News 

PoBULAffD Quariian 

Praurak  Telegnah 

RiCBifOBD Australian 

„         Free  Press 

RrouwoRTB Waimnsa  Chronicle 

Salb   Oipps  Land  Times 

„     Mereury 

Saxdrvob    Reporter 

Sbtvour    Courier 

, Exprees 

Smttursdalb   Orenvillo  Advocate 

South      Bourrb      akd  Journal 

MORNINOTON 

South  Bourrb Standard 

St).  Arraud Mercunr 

Bs.  KiLBA. Advertuer 


176 


NEW  ZEALAND. 


Talbot  Leader 

Taradalb ExprMB 

TarkaKoowbr Times 

Tarkagulla    Courier 

Wanqailatta    Diapatch 

Star 

Wabjutambool Examiner 

„  AdvertlMr 

„  Standard 

Walhalla    Chronicle 

WAUouNYAnANDRuniBB-  Chrouicle 

OLEN 

WiLLiAMBTOWN Chronide 

WESTZRir  AUSTRALIA. 

PSBTD Gasette 

„     Inquirer  and  News 

„     , Church  of  England  Magazine 

Fbbmamtlb  Herald 

Il«TERFEBENCE  WITH  THE  LIBERTY  OF. 

An  Act  passed  by  Crovemor  Darling  and  Ooun* 
cil  '*  for  preventing  the  mischiefs  arising  from  the 
printing  and  pobEshing  newspapers  and  papers 
of  a  like  nature  by  persons  not  Known,  and  for 
regulating  the  printing  and  publication  of  such 
papers  in  other  respects,  and  also  for  restraining 
the  abuses  arising  trem  the  publication  of  blas- 
phemous and  seditious  libels."  April  25,  1827. 
[Banishment  for  a  second  ofifence  was  one  of 
the  punishments.] 

An  Act  pa&sed  by  Grovemor  Darling  and 
Council  imposing  a  duty  upon  all  newspapers 
and  all  papers  of  a  like  nature  printed  to  be 
dispersed  to  the  public.    May  3,  1827. 

[This  was  suspended  on  May  31,  1827,  and 
never  enforced.] 

Governor  Darling's  newspaper  gacging  Act 
repealed  so  far  as  related  to  baniwment  of 
newspaper  proprietors  for  second  offence,  Jan- 
uary 29,  1830. 

[See  Press,  Lxbertt  of  the.] 

NEW  ZEALAND. 

The  colony  of  New  Zealand  consists  of  three 
principal  islands,  called  respectively  the  North, 
the  Middle,  and  the  South,  or  Stewart's  IsUnd. 
There  are  several  small  islets  (mostly  uninhabited) 
dependent  on  the  colony  ;  the  chief  of  these  are 
the  Chatham  Isles  and  the  Auckland  Isles.  The 
entire  group  lays  between  34**  and  48"*  S.  lat.  and 
lee**  and  179*"  E.  lone.  The  principal  islands 
extend  in  length,  1,100  miles ;  but  their  breadth 
is  extremely  variable,  ran^g  from  46  miles  to 
250  miles ;  the  average  bems  about  140  miles. 

Sq.  miles.       Acres. 
The  total  area  of  New  Zealand 

is  about 100,000  or  64.000,000 

Ditto  of  North  Island  44,000  or  28,000,000 

Ditto  of  Middle  Island 66,000  or  86,000,000 

Ditto  of  Stewart's  Island 1,000  or      640,000 

[By  this  it  will  be  seen  the  area  is  somewhat  lees  than 
that  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.] 

The  estimated  population  of  New  Zealand  is, 
at  the  latest  date,  exclusive  of  Haories..    417,622 

The  estimated  number  of  Maories,  including 
half-castes,  was,  on  June  1,  1874  46,670 

All  of  whom  dwell  on  the  North  Island,  except  1,032, 
who  are  scattered  over  the  other  islands. 

Captain  Abel  Jansen  'nisman,  the  Dutch  navigator, 
discovered  New  Zealand,  December  9, 1642.  [He  tra- 
verj»ed  the  Eastern  Coast  from  lat  84'  48'',  and  entered 


the  strait  now  called  Cook's  StraiCa,  bat  befaw  attired 
bv  the  natives,  soon  after  he  landed  in  a  p&ee  oJled 
MassacreBay.  Tasman took pnmt ssJc m  of  New Zeshad 
in  the  name  of  Holland.] 

Captain  Cook,  in  the  **  Endeavour,*' djacovend  New  Zea- 
land, October  7, 1769.  [A  boy,  named  Nicholas  Youiw, 
on  board  the  "  Endeavour,"  Ont  sighted  New  Zedand. 
The  "  Endeavour"  first  anchored  at  Pover^  Biy .] 

Doubtless  Bav  named,  November  9,  17<Ml 

Posseaeion  taken  of  New  Zealand  by  Ctotain  Cook  in  the 
name  oi  the  King  of  Great  Biitam,  Novembo*  15, 1700. 

De  Surville,  French  navigator  in  the  "  St  Jean  Baptiste.' 
visited  Doubtless  Bay,  and  visited  Mongonia,  5^, 
December,  1769. 

C(^>tain  Cook  left  Cape  Farewell,  New  Zealand,  Mardi  SI, 
1770. 

Marion  Du  Freane,  with  Crocer,  seoond  in  oominand, 
anchored  his  two  ships,  the  "Maaearin"  and  the 
"Marquis  de  Castres'^  in  the  Bay  of  Islands,  K.Z, 
May  11. 1772. 

Captain  Cook  arrived  at  Dusky  B^,  JSJL,  in  the  **  ficso- 
lution,"  March  26, 177a 

Captain  Cook  again  returned  to  New  Zealand ;  aDcborad 
in  Ship'a  Cove,  Queen  Charlotte's  Sand,  October  18, 
1774. 

Captain  F^imeaux,  in  the  "Adventurer,'*  anchored  in 
Ship's  Cove,  N.Z.,  April  6,1778. 

Captain  Cook,  after  visiting  the  South  Sms,  again 
returned  to  New  Zealand,  October  21, 1773. 

The  Islands  were  included  in  the  Royal  Commiaaion  u  a 
part  of  the  British  dominions  in  virtue  of  sovereignty 
esUblished  by  Captain  Cook,  17S7. 

A  vessel  was  sent  to  cruise  about  New  Zfialand  with  the 
avowed  purpose  of  kidnapping  one  of  the  aborigines  to 
teach  the  innabita^  of  Norfolk  Island  the  mctbud  of 
dressing  flax  T«  dKxen  were  enticed  on  board  off  the 
Bay  of  Islands  and  taken  to  Norfolk  Island ;  unfor- 
tunately, one  was  a  priest  and  the  other  a  chief,  and 
thev  would  not  admit  that  thev  knew  anything  about 
such  work ;  they  wore  sent  back  by  the  Governor, 
Captain  King,  after  six  months'  detention.    179a 

First  visit  of  Maories  to  Sydney,  November  22, 180a 

George  Bruce,  an  ^gUah  sailori  married  Uie  daui^ter 
of  a  Maori  chief  0%  Pahi)  and  settled  at  the  &ky  of 
Islands,  1804. 

Tippahee,  a  New  Zealand  chief,  with  several  others, 
mostly  of  rank,  arrived  and  renaained  some  months  in 
the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  November  22,  1805, 
and  were  the  first  Maories  who  visited  New  Soath 
Wales.  They  returned  to  New  Zealand  In  the  "  Udy 
Nelson,"  February  26. 1806.  \ 

The  Gospel  first  preached  in  New  Zealand,  December  25, 
1807. 

Massacre  of  the  crew  and  passengers  of  the  "Boyd," 
numbering  70  souls,  at  the  Bay  of  Islands.  With  the 
exception  of  one  woman,  two  children,  and  a  cabin  boy. 
all  were  murdered  and  eaten,  in  revenge  for  the  cruelty 
exercised  by  the  captain  towardsachieftain's  son.  li^. 

A  Torkahire  blacksmith,  who  afterwards  became  a  chap- 
lain, named  Samuel  Marsden,  proposed  sending  mis- 
sionaries to  New  Zealand  ;  and,  in  cooywquenoe,  25 
persons  left  England  for  the  conversiim  of  the  "Sew 
Zealanders,  but  subsequently  were  deUyed  in  Sydnqr 
through  the  news  of  the  massacre  of  the  **  Boyd."  181  A. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Manden,  accompanied  by  Messrs.  Kendall, 
Hall,  and  King,  their  wives,  and  several  mechanies, 
with  some  sheep  and  cattle,  embarked  for  New  Zealand, 
from  New  South  Wales,  in  a  brig  manned  bv  oonvkts» 
and  were  well  received  by  the  natives  of  the  fiaj  ct 
Islands,  from  whom  they  purchased  200  aoros  of  land 
(for  12  axes)  on  which  to  fonn  a  missbn  station. 
November,  1814. 

Kidnaping  and  outrages  carried  on  by  Europeans  on 
the  New  Zealanden.  It  was  attempted  to  be  rap- 
pressed  by  the  New  South  Wales  Govemmeat  »p- 
e>inting  Mr.  Thomas  Kendall  and  three  chiefs  (Ruatara, 
ongi,  and  Koro  Koro)  magistrates  for  the  Bay  of 
Islands  territor}'.    1814. 

The  right  of  Great  Britain  to  New  Zealand  recognised  at 
the  peace,  1814. 

The  first  vessel  built  in  New  Zealand,  by  European 
whalers,  was  launched  at  Dusky  Bay,  Cod-Ash  Island ; 
it  was  160  tons  burthen.    1814.  ^    ,     ^. 

Massacre  by  Maories  of  several  of  the  crews  of  the  ships 
"  Brothers  '  and  "  Trial  '*  in  Mervuiy  Bay,  August  20, 
1816. 


NEW  ZEALAND. 


177 


Fink  nmei  in  the  W»tt«mat»,  Angurt  SI,  1820. 

Mr.  WiUittm  FairbuTn,  a  miadonury,  purchased  400  acree 

of  liad  for  £10  worth  of  merehajidue,  1821. 
Buon  de  Thierry  boiwht,  through  Mr.  Kendalli  of  the 

HiarioD  Society,  40.000  actM  of  hmd  on  the  Hokianga 

BiTer  for  86  axes,  1822. 
A  aanpsny  was  formed  fn  London  for  the  purpose  of 

oolonuing  New  Zealand,  in  1826. 
A  vessel  was  fitted  out  by  it,  and  with  00  ssttlers  on 

board  arrived  in  New  Zealand,  isa& 
A  Sydney  reasel  with  80  oonvicts  on  board,   haTing 

overpowered  their  ffuard,  anchored  in  the  Bay  ox 

lahnds ;  an  old  trader  named  Duke,  with  the  asslst- 

anoe  of  the  Maories,  fought  and  conquered  them,  and 

took  them  back  to  Sydney,  where  nine  were  hanged. 

1827. 
Procfaunation  issued  by  OoTomor  Darling  against  the 

traffic  in  human  heads,  carried  on  by  some  traders  with 

New  Zealand,  1880. 
Benjamin  Turner  opened  first  grog-shop  in  New  Zealand, 

1830. 
The  "  Beagle,'*  with  Mr.  Charles  Darwin  on  board,  visits 

New  Zealand.  18SL 
Mr.  James  Busby  was  i^ypointed  first  British  Resident, 

saboniinate  to  the  New  South  Wales  Government,  to 

watch  over  the  interests  of  New  Zealand,  March  6, 

US2. 
Barque  **  Harriet "  wrecked  at  Taranaki ;  twelve  sailors 

were  slain,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Guard,  two  children  and 

10  tailors  were  made  prisoners.   1834- 
Captain  Lambert,  of  H.M.S.  "Alligator,''  presented  the 

native  chiefs  (rf  New  Zealand  wiui  a  National  Flag  by 

order  of  Sir  Richard  Bourke,  1834. 
17,000  acres  of  land,  or  27  square  miles  of  country,  were 

purchased  by  missionaries  up  to  this  year.    1885. 

Baron  de  Thiory  claimed  to  have  purctttsed  for  86  axes 
all  territoiT  north  of  Auckland,  and  stated  to  the 
British  Retident  (Mr.  Busby)  his  intention  of  establish- 
ing there  in  his  own  person  an  independent  sove- 
re^ty ;  be  accordingly  issued  a  proclamation  worded, 
**  Charles  de  Thierry,  Sovereign -Chief  of  New  Zealand 
and  Kingof  Muhuheva,  &c,  &c."  18S5. 

Baron  de  Thierry  issued  a  second  and  more  moderate 
address  to  the  white  inhabitants,  dated  from  Sydney, 
1837. 

Baron  de  Thierry  landed  in  his  dominions  with  98  street 
loafers  from  Sydnev,  unfurled  a  silken  banner,  ordered 
his  subjects  to  back  out  of  his  presence,  and  offered  to 
create  the  captain  of  the  ship  which  oonveved  him  to 
his  kins^om  an  admiral ;  ftmds  running  short,  how- 
ever, his  subjects  deserted  him,  and  he  subsequentiy 
lived  in  Auckland  in  an  humble  way,  cleaning  flax 
fibre.   1838. 

20,000  acres  of  land  were  claimed  as  having  been  pur- 
chased by  white  men  up  to  1839. 

New  Zealand  despatched  expedition  under  command  of 
Colonel  William  Wakefield  to  purchase  land  and  form 
settiement  in  New  Zealand,  May  12, 1831. 

Captain  William  Hobson  was  despatched  from  England 
m  the  "  Druid,"  frigate,  Captain  Lord  Churchill,  as 
Lieutenant-Governor,  to  take  possession  of  all  the 
islands  of  New  Zeuand,  in  the  name  of  Queen 
Victoria.  The  colony  was  to  be  a  dependency  ox  New 
South  Wales.    August,  1830. 

Wellington  founded  by  the  New  2Sealand  Company,  Janu- 
ary 22, 1840. 

Oaptain  Hobson  landed,  January  29, 1840. 

The  treaty  of  Waituiffi  signed,  by  which  the  chiefs  ceded 
a  large  amount  of  land,  and  the  to%irn  of  Auckland 
established,  February  6. 1840. 

Mr.  C.  Wentworth's  claim  to  10,000,000  acres  of  land  in 
New  Zealand,  in  the  southern  island,  which  he  had 
purchased  f^pom  Maories,  disallowed.  [SeehAKO.]  1840. 

New  Plymouth  founded  by  the  New  Zealand  Com- 
pany, 1840. 

"  Aurora,"  first  emigrant  ship  to  Wellington,  anchored 
in  Port  Nicholson,  Januanr  22, 1841. 

New  Zealand  made  an  iddependent  Colony  of  Great 
Britam  ;  proclamation  issued  May  3, 1841. 

Foundation-stone  of  Metropolitan  Church,  St.  Paul's, 
Auckland,  laid  by  Governor  Hobson,  July  28,  1841. 

Ci^itatn  Arthur  Wakefield  was  sent  in  command  of 
expedition  (by  New  Zealand  Company)  to  form  a  settie- 
ment to  be  called  Nelson ;  his  three  vessels,  the 
••  Whitbv,"  the  "  WUl  Watch,"  and  the  brig  *•  Arrow" 
left  London,  April,  184L 

m 


First  batch  of  emigrants  for  Taianaki  arrived  in 
"  WiUiam  Byron,'*l£uvh  31, 1841. 

First  Supreme  Court  opened,  February  28, 1842. 

The  Waira  Massacres  occurred,  June,  1843.  Waira  is  an 
extensive  valley  about  70  miles  from  the  township  of 
Nelson ;  it  was  being  surveyed  by  the  New  Zealand 
Company's  surveyors,  when  the  chief  Te  Kauparaha 
forbad  the  work  and  destroyed  the  surveyors'  hut,  their 
rods,  flsga,  &c,  &c.    June.  1843. 

A  warrant  was  issued  against  Kanparaha  and  Bangi- 
haeata  for  the  destruction  of  the  surveyors'  hut  and 
property;  and  Mr.  Thompson,  Police  Magistrate,  ac- 
companied by  Captain  Wakefield,  R  N.,  <^ptain  Eng- 
hmd,  J.P.,  Mr.  Richardson,  Crown  Prosecutor,  Mr. 
Howard,  Company's  storekeeper,  Mr.  Cotterell,  sur- 
veyor, and  several  others,  and  an  interpreter,  four  con- 
stables and  12  spedal  constables,  the  whole  amounting 
to  90  persons,  proceeded  to  put  the  warrant  in  force. 
Jtme  16, 1843.  These  chieftains  resisted  the  execution 
ot  the  warrant,  when  a  shameful  panic  seized  the 
police,  who  fled  diagraoefully,  and  in  the  utmost  dis- 
order, leaving  the  ofBcers  and  English  gentlemen  at 
the  mercy  of  the  Maories,  who  numbered  about  40 ; 
they  surrendered,  but  ware  all  massacred,  to  the 
number  of  17  souls.    June  17, 1843. 

Captain  (afterwards  Admiral)  Fltsroy  appointed  Gover- 
nor, December,  1848. 

Government  House  at  Russell,  N.Z.,  burnt  May  6, 1844. 

Honi  Heki,  a  Maori  chieftain,  and  formerly  an  assist- 
ant in  the  missionary  station,  having  collected  a 
couple  of  hundred  Maories,  out  down  the  English  ilag- 
staff  at  Kororareka,  and  held  possession  of  the  settie- 
ment for  two  dajni,  bullying  the  men  and  brutally 
assaulting  the  women,  and  actually  held  a  prayer 
meeting  with  arms  in  their  hands.  July,  1844.  [He 
afterwards  (March  11, 1846),  at  the  head  of  about  600 
followers,  surprised,  sacked,  and  burned  the  same 
town,  and  drove  the  English  soldiers  and  settlers  to 
take  refuge  on  board  the  vessels  in  the  harbour.] 

The  English  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  take 
Heki'spah,  May  8,1846. 

The  English  troops,  imder  Colonel  Despard,  attempted 
to  take  Honi  Heki's  new  pah  by  escalade,  and  in  10 
minutes  were  beaten  back,  one-third  of  them  being 
kUled.    June  80, 1846. 

Sir  George  Grey  a)^>ointed  Governor ;  arrived  November 
14, 1846. 

Kowatti,  a  powerful  chief,  conunenced  a  system  of 
plunder  on  the  settiersof  Kowrorapi  (Bay  of  Islands)  : 
hostilities  commenced  between  the  Europeans  and 
natives  in  that  part,  and  Kowatti  being  Joined  by  other 
chiefs,  among  whom  was  Heki.  A  general  war  in  that 
part  of  the  island  ensued,  when  a  number  of  Europeans 
were  killed.  Kowrorikl  was  abandoned  by  the  sftttiers  ; 
some  of  the  sufferers  came  to  New  South  Wales,  and  a 
meeting  was  held  in  Sydney,  when  a  resolution  was 
adopted  to  the  effect  that  a  larve  number  of  troops 
ought  to  be  immediately  sent  to  New  Zealand  with  two 
steamers,  one  to  Cook's  Straits,  and  the  other  to  the 
Thames.  A  deputation  waited  on  the  Governor,  but  he 
refused  the  deputation otherthanasindividuals  capable 
of  giving  information  relative  to  New  JSealand.  He  de- 
clined to  receive  the  resolution,  which  he  deemed  dic- 
tatorial in  its  nature,  uid  to  listen  to  which  would  be 
to  forego  that  authority  and  responsibility  with  which 
the  Executive  alone  was  invested.  This  war,  which 
was  the  first  oonunenoement  of  hostilities  between 
Europeans  and  the  natives,  was  long  and  harassing, 
which  the  Imperial  Government  was  afterwards 
necessitated  to  carry  on.    1846. 

Boulcott's  f^rm,  in  the  Hutt  Valley,  garrisoned  by  an 
officer  and  60  men  of  the  68th  Regiment,  was  sur- 
prised, and  six  killed  and  four  wounded.  May  10, 
1846. 

Te  Kaupaiaha's  stockade  surrounded  by  Major  Last. 
99th  Regiment,  Captain  Stanley,  of  the  "  Calliope,"  and 
party,  numbering  about  830,  and  the  chief  was  cap- 
tured and  taken  on  board  the  *' Calliope,"  July  23, 
1846. 

Rangihaeata's  forces  were  finally  defeated  and  dispersed 
by  friendly  Maories  under  Wiremu  Kingi,  August 
13  1846 

The  bilfllian  ftoiily.  residhig  about  five  miles  from  Wan- 
ganui,  were  attacked  by  sue  Maories.  the  mother,  two 
sons,  and  one  daughter  slain,  and  others  wounded, 
April  18, 1847.    Friendly  natives  pursued  and  captured 


178 


NBW  ZEAIiAKD. 


five  out  of  the  six  MaiMhM ;  they  were  tried  by  Court- 
martial  and  found  guilty  of  muriler  and  roblN»y  (one 
of  the  mimrMuitB  openly  boasted  that  they  had  oat  off 
and  devoured  part  of  the  mother),  four  weie  con- 
demned to  death,  aud  one  (a  youth)  emtepced  to 
transportation  for  life.  April  24, 1847.  The  four  mur- 
derers were  exeeated  Monday,  April  tf ,  U47. 

OenenJ  Pitt  arrived  in  Aucldand.  1847. 

The  New  Zealand  Lean  Act  passed  Jul  v  28, 1847. 

The  Province  of  Otago  was  formed  hy  afiooteh  com- 
pany, 1848. 

Canterbury  created  a  Province,  1848. 

A  charter,  founded  upon  an  Act  passed  in  1846,  creating 

Sowers  municipal,  legislative,  and  administrative,  not 
avins'  been  up  to  this  time  acted  upon.  Legislative 

Ooundl  was  opened  by  the  Governor,  I>eoember  20, 

1848. 
Pr.  Monro  drove  the  first  sheep  from  Nelson  to  Wairu, 

1840. 
New  Zealand  company  relinquished  charter,  1860. 
Canterbury  founded  in  oonneotion  with  the  Church  of 

England,  1860. 
New  constitution  granted,  1862. 
CMtle  driven  from  Otago  to  Canterbury,  185S. 
Under  new  Constitution  the  first  elections  took  place, 

1863. 
First  Provincial  Council  of  Otago  met,  December  80, 

1853. 
Colonel  Wynyard  appointed  Acting-Governor,  January, 

1864. 
Colonel   Sir   James  Gore  Brown,   Q.aB.,    1L0.M.Q., 

appointed  Governor,  October,  ISI^. 
An  earthcjuake,  but  little  damage  done,  Jan.  23, 1865. 
Constitution  modified,  1867. 
Uawlcea  Bay  separated  from  Wellington,  and  created  a 

province  of  itself,  1858. 
Tlie  58ih  K^ment  left  New  Zealand  November  28. 1853. 

Insurrection  of  the  Maories,  under  a  chief  named  Wirre- 
mu  Kingl  (the  same  chief  who,  in  August,  1846,  as  an 
ally  of  the  English,  beat  Bangilukeata),  arising  out  of 
dUputes  regarding  the  sale  of  land.  March,  1860. 

Indecisive  actions  between  the  militia,  volunteivs,  and 
Maories,  March  14  to  28, 1860. 

Tlie  Waireka  colours  presented  to  Governor  Browne, 
April  3,  18G0. 

The  40t,h  Regiment  arrived  at  'Ainmaki,  April  24, 1860. 

War  at  Taiunoki,  British  repulsed  with  loss,  June  30, 
1860. 

Troops  sent  from  Australia  to  New  Zealand  under  General 
Pratt ;  Uicy  landed  August  8, 1800. 

Indedsive  actions  September  10  and  10,  and  October  9 
and  12,  1860. 

General  Pratt  defeats  Maories  at  Mahoetahi  and  destroys 
their  fortified  places,  November  6, 1860. 

New  Zealand  colonists  in  England  justify  conduct  of 
the  Governor,  November  22, 1860. 

The  Maories  defeated,  December  2, 1860. 

Marlborough  separated  from  Nelson,  and  created  a  pro- 
vince by  itself,  1860. 

Goki  discovered  in  Otago,  1861. 

The  Maories  defeated  January  23  and  February  24  and 
March  16  and  18, 1861. 

The  war  ends;  surrender  of  the  natives,  Man^  19, 
18fil. 

Hir  (;eo:^  Grey  reappointed  Governor,  June,  1861. 

A  native  sovereignty  proclaimed ;  5,000  British  soldiers 
in  the  island.    July,  1861. 

(\vcloiiQ  in  Auckland  April  8, 1862. 

Tho  Abertland  settlers  left  London  May  29, 1862. 

Mew  Zealand  telegraph  opened  July  2, 1862. 

I/oyalty  of  the  natives  increasing,  May,  1862. 
.-Y-  Dunstan  diggings  (Otago)  discovered  by  Hartl^  and 
'         Roilly,  1862. 

The  Maori  chiefs  sent  poetical  address  of  condolence  to 
the  (^ueen  on  death  of  Prince  Consort,  received  No- 
vember, 1862. 

Natives  attacked  a  military  escort  and  killed  eight  pri- 
.  soncrs,  May  4,  1863. 

Waikato  tribe  driven  from  a  fort  July  17, 1863. 

The  Auckland  militia  were  called  out  July  19, 1863. 

War  wprcads,  natives  construct  rifle  pits,  August,  1863. 

Pruposcil  conlisaition  of  Waikato  land,  September,  1863. 

General  Cameron  defeated  Maories  at  Rangariri,  Novem- 
ber 20,  186:^ 

The  Lytteltcn  and  Christchurcb  luilway  opened  Decem- 
ber 1, 1868. 


-h 


ConUnuad eoooeas of  Gansnil  OtoaewMi;  oapitulatieo of 

the  Maori  King,  Deoaiiber9,  U8& 
British  attack  on  the  Gate  F^,  rapulMd  with  loei  of 

ollioers  and  neo,  Apvil  29,  1664. 
Lean  of  £1.009,000  to  Newr  g^J^tj  goamitaed  by  Par- 
liament, July,  1864. 
fleveiml  tribes  submit,  As^Tiat,  1864. 
Maori  prisoners  escape  aadfonn  the  nufdausef  anev 

insnrreetion,  September,  1604 
*-r"Wellington  cboeen  the  seat  of  Q«veniiiMBt,  October  S, 

1864. 
Bir  George  Or^y  Issoes  proposals  «f  poaoe,  Oetober  25, 

1664. 
The  AborigiBee  Protecitea  8ocifety««id  religioiu,  moral, 

and  political  adviee  to  the  Maories,  November,  1»64. 
_L. Change  of  Ministry  ;  seat  of  Government  shifted  from 
>^       Auoklaad  to  WeUiogton,  November  24, 1864. 
Tlie  Wanganor  campaign  began,  Jannai>',  1865^ 

Outbreak  of  the  Pai  Mariri  or  the  Hau  Hau  bcresj.  a 
compound  of  Judaism  and  f^aganism.  The  Rev.  C.  & 
Volkner  murdered.  And  many  outrages  committed. 
March  2.  Prodamstion  of  Hir  Geoigc  Grey  against  it ; 
it  is  checked  by  the  agency  of  a  friemUy  Maori  chief 
named  We-tako,  April.  18S5. 

Auckland  first  lighted  with  gas,  April  16, 1865. 

William  Thoroiieon,  an  eminent  chief,  surrenders  on  be- 
half of  the  Maori  Kin^.  May  25,  1865. 

The  Hau  Uaus  beaton  m  wveral  conflicts,  Ai^ust ;  tbe 
Governor  proclaims  peace,  September  2 ;  British  tnKipi 
about  to  leave,  beptmnber  15, 1805. 

The  Maories  treacherously  murder  the  envoys  of  peace ; 
resignation  of  the  Wdd  Ministry ;  one  formed  by  Mr. 
Stafford.    October,  1865. 

Bishopric  of  Dunedin,  Otago,  founded,  1865. 

The  liev.  Mr.  Volkner  murdered  at  Opitiki,  March  3, 
1865. 

General  Chute  subdued  the  Hau  Haus,  January*,  IStX. 

Murderers  of  Mr.  Volkner  executed.  May  17,  lS6il 
Governor  announces  oesaation  of  war,  July  3, 1886. 
The  Maungatapu  murdecc— John  Kcmpthorae,  Fcllx 
Matthieu,  James  Dudley,  storekeeper's,  and  Janice 
Pontius,  a  miner,  wore  waylaid  and  mnrdered  on  the 
road  between  the  Wakainarina  and  Nebon,  by  four 
scoundrels,  Richard  Burgess,  Phil  Levy,  a  Jew. 
Thomas  Kelly,  and  Joseph  Thomas  8ulli%-an,  «iii»  were 
afterwards  arrested,  and  Sullivan  having  been  allowed 
to  ttim  Queen's  evidence  before  Levy  (who  -ma 
anxious  to  do  ao),  the  other  three  were  han^ML  Tliese 

murders  took  plaee  June  13, 1866. 
A  threatened  attack  on  the  town  of  Napier  by  Maories, 
about  100  strong,  who  were  beaten  off  and  nearly  ail 
slain,  October,  I860. 
Wm.  Thompson  surrendered  to  General  Carey,  May 

1867. 
Death  of  William  Thompaon,  the  Maori  chief,  December 
28,1866. 
f  Thames  gohi^fleld  proclaimed,  Augtnt  1, 1867. 
'  Last  Panama  mail  , 


1868. 


arrived  in  Wellington,  Febnurj24, 


First  Maori  elected.  M.H.R.,  April  16, 1866. 

Act  relating  to  Government  of  New  Zealand  paased  in 
British  Parliament,  1868. 

Te  Kooti,  a  convict,  and  about  150  Maori  oomicts, 
escape  from  Chatham  Island  to  the  main  land,  July 
4 ;  they  repulse  the  troops  sent  against  them  8e|)t4.in- 
ber  7  ;  and  niMsacre  tho  whites  at  Poverty  Bm ,  >'ov. 
10  1868. 

Te  kooti  and  rebels  defeated  by  Colonel  Whitmore ;  190 
Maories  killed,  Jan.  6, 1809. 

'nmrangaika  Pah  taken,  Feb.  3. 1860. 

Massacre  of  settlers  at  Tsraoaki,  Feb.  12,  ise&. 

Change  of  MinUtry ;  proposal  to  paj'  the  British  tj»p» 
dedtoed  by  the  home  Government,  September,  19S9. 

Te  KooU,  thrice  defeated  by  the  colonists  and  friendly 
natives,  a  fugitive,  October,  1860. 

Dospatoh  from  Earl  Granville  insistbig  upon  tbe  with- 
drawal of  British  troi^  (18th  Regl.)  causes  mneb  dt- 
satisf action,  Oct.  7, 1860.  ^    „     . 

Friendly  interview  between  Mr.  M*Lean  and  the  M«ori 
King'B  minister,  Nov.  8, 1869. 

Departure  of  last  British  troops,  Jan.  2S.  1870. 

Te  KooU,  refusing  to  surreoder,  narrowly  esoapes»  n^- 
5, 1870. 

Troops  left  Auckland,  March  20, 1870. 

Auckland  constituted  a  borough.  May  5, 187L 


NEW  .ZEALAND. 


179 


Te  KooCi'B  ptttv  attacked  and  diflperaed,  July  81, 1870. 
The  Duke  of  Edinburgrh,  in  the  "  Giklatea,"  arrived  at 

WellingtOD,  Aug.  27,  1870. 
Loan  of  ib4,000,000  proposed,  Aug.,  1870. 
Political  union  of  the  lahuids  effected,  Augoflt,  1670. 
Hktit  RcT.  OctaTitts  Hadfteld,  conaecmted  Bishop  of 

Wdlingfton,  October  18, 1870.  [He  bad  previously  been 

Archdeacon  of  Kapiti,  and  Commissary  to  Dr.  Abiubam, 

^6  first  Bishop  of  Wellington.    Dr.  Hadfield  was  con- 

secmted  without  the  Royal  mandate.  ] 
Huzder  of  Mr.  Todd,  surveyor,  by  Maories,  Dec.  28, 1875. 
Danedin  University  opened,  July,  1871. 
Te  Kooti,  reported  as  livino:  by  plunder,  acting  *s  a 

fuaftical  potentate,  November,  1871. 
Kerana  hanged  at  Napier,  Jan.  6, 1872. 
Friendly  meetii^  of  Mr.  M'Lean  with  Wirrcmu,  Kingi, 

and  other  ch^s,  who  submit  to  the  British  Govern- 
ment^ March,  1872. 
AackUnd  Post  Office  burned,  Nov.  10, 1872. 
Anddsnd  Steamship  Company  formed.  May  2, 1878. 
AtieUand  market  opened,  June  10, 1873. 
OiMhanga  rtdlway  opened,  Dec.  20, 1878. 
nm  sod  Wakaito  railway  extension.  Jan.  10, 1874. 
Opening  of  the  Ilutt  nulway,  Jan.  21, 1874. 
Destructive  hurricane  at  Auckland,  Feb.  8, 1874. 
Mikado,  the  first  San  Francisco  steamer,  left  AucUand, 

Feb.  15, 1874. 
Tbe  Maori  King  submits  to  the  British  Oovemmont, 

Februaiy,  1875. 
Foundation-stone  of  the  Auckland   waterworks  laid, 

March  27. 1875. 
Bill  to  abolish  provinces  in  New  Zealand  passed  by  the 

Lenslature  of  that  colony,  Sept  29, 1875. 
Abolition  of  Provinces  Bill  passed,  Oct  15. 1876. 
Kaifiam  railway  opened,  Oct  20, 1875. 
Dr.  Hsast,  at  Christehureh  Philosophical  Institute,  gave 

an  aooount  of  a  remarkable  ancient  rock>palntbig  in 

Ute  Weka  Pass  Bange,  representing  animals  of  foreign 

countries,  and  weapons  and  dresses  of  semi-civilized 

people,  April  6,  1877. 
Bemarkable  tidal  disturbances.  East  Coast,  May  11, 1877. 
Fire  at  Auckland  Lunatic  Asylum,  Sept.  20, 1877. 
Sir  George  Grey  meets  Maori  King,  Feb.  2, 187& 
Katikati  settlers  (second  lot)  left  Belfast,  May  30, 1878. 
bir  George  Orey  offered  Maori  Khig  £500  a  year,  May 

9,1878, 
Sir  George  Grey  met  Rewi  at  Waitava,  June  27, 1878. 
"Lady  J«x%lyn**   arrived   with  Katikati  Immigrants, 

August  17, 1878. 
Wellington  steam  tnunway  opened,  August  28, 1878w 
Kailvay  opened,  Dunedin  to  Christehureh,  Sept  5, 1878. 
Great  explosion  in  the  Kaitangata  coal  mine,  85  penons 

killed,  hh.  1, 1879. 
Great  Maori  meeting  at  Waikato.     8,000  present ;  had 

interview  wUh  Sir  Geoigo  Grey  and  Hon.  J.  Bheehan, 

May  9, 1879. 

CoNynTtrnoN  of. 

A  constitutional  form  of  Government  was  established 
in  New  Zealand  by  the  Imperial  Statute  15  and  10  Vic, 
cap.  72,  passed  in  1852.  By  that  Act  the  Colony  was 
divided  into  six  provinces,  since  increased  to  nine — viz., 
Auckland,  Taranaki,  Wellington,  Nelson,  Canterbury, 
Otago,  Hawke's  Bay,  Westland,  and  Mariborough— each 
governed  by  a  Superintendent  and  Provincial  Coundl, 
elected  by  tbe  inhabitants  accoiding  to  a  frau^Use 
which  practically  amounts  to  household  suffrage. 

By  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly,  89  Vic.  No.  21, 
P*ned  in  1875,  the  provincial  system  at  Government 
«v  abolished;  tbe  powers  previously  exercised  by 
"uiierintendents  and  provincial  ofHcers  are  henceforth 
to  be  exercised  by  the  (Jovernor  or  by  local  boards. 
The  Act  provided  that  the  abolition  of  the  provioees 
should  not  have  any  operation  until  the  day  after  the 
conclusion  of  the  then  next  Session  of  the  Assembly. 
Before  the  next  Session  there  was  a  general  election,  and 
the  flntt  Seasien  of  the  new  Fariiftment  ended  on  the  Slst 
of  October.  187d  Nothing  snas  done  during  the  Session 
to  repeal  the  Abolition  Act,  and  the  provinces,  therefore, 
ceased  to  exist  the  day  after  the  Session  concluded.  The 
provhHnal  system  being  abolished  provision  was  made  for 
the  division  off  the  country  into  eonntaes,  and  the  necee- 
Bary  machinery  for  their  self-government  was  provided. 

A  Central  Legislature,  calted  the  General  Assembly, 
was  established  by  the  Imperial  Statute  of  1852,  and 
^xmigii  of  the  Ooremor,  a  UgltaMf  ConDcil,  a«l  of 


B  House  of  Bepresentatives.  The  Governor  is  ossiAted 
by  an  Executive  Council,  compoeed  of  the  Responsible 
lliniflters  uf .  the  Colony  for  the  time  being,  according  to 
the  usual  practice  of  Parliamentary  Government  The 
Lwislative  CoundllcMTS  are  appointed  by  the  Governor, 
and  hold  their  seats  for  life.  The  Members  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  are  chosen  by  Electors  possess- 
ing the  same  qualifications  as  those  who  vote  for  the 
Provincial  Coundllors.  Every  Elector  is  qualified  to 
become  also  a  Member.  Tbe  Bouse  of  Representatives 
now  consists  of  88,  Including  four  Maori  members,  elected 
by  the  natives. 

The  control  of  native  affairs,  and  the  entire  responsi- 
bility of  dealing  with  questions  of  native  Government, 
was  transferred  in  1863  from  the  Imperial  to  the  Colonial 
Government  In  1864  the  seat  of  the  general  Govern- 
ment was  removed  from  Auckland  to  Wellington,  on 
account  of  the  centnl  position  of  the  latter  city. 

EXPLOBATIONB. 

Mr.  Charles  Darwin,  the  naturalist,  visited  New  Zealand 
in  the  **  Beairle,"  with  Captain  Pittroy,  1835. 

Messrs.  Bidwell  and  Dyson  looked  down  into  the  crater 
of  Tongariri  ;  Lieutenant-Governor  Evrc,  ascended  in 
the  Middle  Island,  Kai  Kora  Mountain,  from  Wairu 
Valley,  March  2, 1839. 

Dr.  Dieffenbach,  naturalist  to  the  N.  Z.  Company,  who 
arrived  in  the  ship  **  Troy,"  from  England,  ascended 
Mount  Egmont,  August.  1839. 

Dr.  Dieffenbaoh  and  Captain  William  Oomwallis  Symonds 
explored  fit>m  Manukau  to  Central  Lake,  l^upu, 
December  3, 1840. 

Captain  Wm.  Comwallis  Symonds,  Deputy  Surveyor - 
General  of  New  Zealand  (who  accompanied  DicR'ci:- 
bach,  and  who  himself  made  varioui*  exploration!:, 
especially  to  the  sources  of  tbe  W^anganui  and  Mane- 
matu  Rivers),  was  drowned  in  the  Bay  of  Manukau, 
November,  1841. 

Mr.  Thomas  Brunner  made  a  Journey  acroaa  the  Middle 
Island,  New  Zealand,  184€u 

James  Dana,  -of  the  American  Exi>Ioring  Expedition, 
visited  the  Bay  of  Islands,  N.  Z.,  and  scientifically 
examined  the  surrounding  country,  1849. 

Dr.  Monro  drove  tbe  first  tlock  of  sheep  from  Nelson  to 
Walru,  1849. 

Mr.  Hamilton  and  Mr.  Spencer,  of  the  surveying  vessel 
**  Acheron,"  examined  the  Mataura  and  Jacob  Ktvcn, 
and  explored  the  intermediate  country  to  Ota^^o,  li^O. 

Captain  MitiJhell  and  Mr.  Dashwood  discovered  a  traok 
from  Nelson  to  Canterbury,  1850. 

Cu>tain  Lort  Stcrices  examined  and  chartered  the  ssaboafd 
from  Otago  to  Preservation  Harbour,  1860. 

The  insularity  of  the  South  Island  ditM:overed  by  Stewart, 
a  sealer  and  whaler  who  died  at  Poverty  Bay,  lSr>\. 

Mr.  G.  H.  Braun  and  Mr.  George  Duppa  rode  from  Nclstm 
to  Cuiterbury  by  Mr.  Weld's  track,  who  flrnt  explored 
it  by  the  Wairu  Gorge  and  Lake  Tennyson,  1866. 

Captains  Stokes  and  Drury,  of  the  Royal  Nav>',  and 
lyArville,  of  the  French  marine,  marie  a  complete  out- 
line survey  of  the  coast  of  New  Zealand  ;  and  Captain 
Richards,  R.N.,  and  Mr.  Evans,  RN.,  also  gave  an 
excellent  description  of  the  N.  Z.  ooa.-t.  ISTfiL 

Mr.  Dobson,  Provincial  Engineer,  discovcrett  a  route 
over  the  mountains  to  the  west  coast  of  the  Middle 
Island.  1857. 

Mr.  Leonard  Harper  and  party  started  on  an  expedition 
to  the  western  coast.  Middle  Island,  from  Wartoki 
Valley,  which  they  reached  in  23  days,  November  4, 
1857. 

Mr.  J.  Tumbull  Thomson,  Chief  Survcn'or  of  Otat'o, 
vrith  his  companions,  Drummond  anil  Lind.<«y,  cx- 

Slored  in  successive  trips  the  southern  cxtrenaity  of 
itAgo— over  1,500  miles  of  country.    18.^7. 

Mr.  Rochfort's  (Government  surveyor)  e.\cinrsion  from 
the  north  of  the  BuUer,  on  the  West  Coart.  [One  of 
his  hands — F.  MilUngton — discovered  gold.  On  No- 
vember 8  he  pursued  the  coast  downwards,  crossin*: 
the  Okari,  the  >^'aitakeri,  and  the  W^aitohi ;  on  the 
latter  foimd  seams  of  coal.  ]    1858. 

Mr.  John  Rochfort's  excursion  from  Port  Cooper,  up  the 
Hurunui  to  the  Toramaku,  across  Lake  Brunner,  and 
down  the  Arnold  River  to  the  Grey,  on  the  West 
Coast,  took  place  in  1858. 

Mr  J.  T.  Thomson  gave  the  first  sketch  of  the  province 
of  Otago,  185a 


180 


NICHOLS— NORFOLK  ISLAND. 


Dr.  Ferdinand  Hochstetter,  afcoompuiled  by  Dr.  Julias 
Hftut  (who  both  urrived  in  the  Austrian  frioate 
''Novara,**  in  December,  1856),  made  a  eeological, 
sdentiflc,  and  general  surrey  of  New  Zei^tnd  ooast 
and  interior,  and  published  the  result  of  researches  in 
186S,  in  two  volumes.    1859. 

Dr.  Julius  Haast,  Ooyemment  Oeolodst  of  CSanterbury, 
accompanied  by  Mr.  James  Burnett,  surveyor,  three 
other  Europeans,  and  two  Maories,  started  from  Nel- 
son and  made  an  exploration  of  tiie  mountainous 
r^ons  and  the  rivers  of  the  Middle  Island  of  New 
Zealand,  January  8, 1860. 

Dr.  Julius  Haast,  Government  Geologist,  exniored  the 
mountains  of  Canterbury  and  up  the  river  Kangitata, 
and  its  tributaries,  the  Haveiock  and  Clyde.  In 
attempting  to  cross  a  river  he  lost  his  companion,  Dr. 
Sinclsir,  1861. 

Dr.  J.  Haast  explored  the  sources  of  the  Kowal,  among 
the  mountains  of  that  name.  Above  the  plains  of 
Christchurch  he  discovered  several  beds  of  iron  ore,  and 
found  his  way  to  Lake  TUcapu  and  Lake  Pukaki,  the 
great  Tasman  glacier,  and  the  Moorhooso  Range,  1862. 

Dr.  Hector  left  Port  Chalmers  to  examine  the  numerous 
Inlets  and  sounds  on  the  west  coast  of  Otago.  He  dis- 
covered the  Kaduka  river,  Kakapo  Lake.    1863. 

Dr.  Haast  penetrated  into  the  mountains  of  Otago,  186S. 

STATiancsoF  (fob  1877). 

Population :— 284,803  males,  and  182,810  females ;  total, 
417,622  ;  births,  16,856  ;  deaths,  4,685  ;  marriages, 
8,111 ;  Crown  Lands  sold,  777.862  acres  ;  Crown  lAnds 
amount  realised,  £1,316,697  ;  free  grants,  40.314  acres, 
land  under  cultivation,  2.940,711  acres ;  horses, 
99.850 ;  catUo,  494,917  ;  sheep,  11,704,853  ;  pigs, 
128,021;  letters  received  and  despatched,  13,054,870; 
newspapers  received  and  despatched,  8,066,311 ;  postal 
revenue,  £143,600;  shipping  belonging  to  the  Colony, 
536  vessels,  qi  which  the  registered  tonnage  was 
42,479  tons ;  gold  niaed,  371,685  oss.,  value  £1,496,080; 
wool  exported,  64,481,324  lbs.,  valued  at  £8,658,938; 
flax  (phormium),  1,053  tons,  valued  at  £18,826 ;  gum 
(Kauri),  8,032  tons,  valued  at  £118,848 ;  total  exports 
the  produce  of  New  Zealand,  £6,078,484  ;  total  imports 
£6,973,418;  revenue,  £3,916,023;  telegraphs :— miles 
open,  8,307 ;  number  of  messages,  1,182,955 ;  cash  value, 
£85,689 ;  railways :— Miles  open,  1,052 ;  under  construc- 
tion, 251 ;  Savings  Banks : — Number  of  depositors, 
35,700;  amount  at  credit,  £964,480;  convictions,  250. 

NICHOLS,  Isaac.    [/^€c  Obituary.] 

NOBBY,  Lieutenant,  of  the  N.  S.  W.  Corps, 
Court  Martial  oil  Proceedings  leading  to  no 
result,  and  Lieut.  Nobby  ordered  to  return  to 
duty  at  Parramatta.     February  8,  1803. 

NORFOLK  ISLAND. 


A  party  under  the  command  of  Philip  Gidley 

■  yOl  1^.  1  >         Mil  ^<Oi..««  1*1  > 


sisted  of  Uent  King  (with  the  title  of  Superin- 
tendent and  Commandant  of  the  Settlement  of 
Norfolk  Island),  I  subaltern  officer  (James  Cun- 
ningham), a  surgeon  (Dr.  T.  Jamieson),  Assistant- 
surgeon  John  Aitree,  Roger  Morley,  Mr.  William 
Westbrooke,  Mr.  Sawyer,  John  Batcheldor,  and 
Charles  Heritage,  with  nine  men  and  six  women 
convicts,  24  in  all.     February  14,  1788. 

Anson  Bay  named  by  Lieut.  King  in  honour 
of  the  Parliamentary  representative  of  Lichficdd, 
En&land,  March  5,  1788. 

Norfolk  Island  taken  possession  of  by  Lieut. 
King  and  paitYf  who  celeorated  the  occasion  by 
hoisting  the  British  colours  and  drinking  the 
healths  of  His  Majesty  the  King,  the  Queen, 
the  Princess  of  Wales,  and  success  to  the  settle- 
ment, March  6,  1788. 


First  harvest  (wheat)  reaped  in  Norfolk  Island, 
December  24,  1789. 

Lieut. -Governor  Roes  relieved  Lient. -Governor 
King  in  the  command,  whilst  the  latterproceeded 
to  England  to  report  to  His  Majesty's  Ministers 
on  the  new  settlement  at  Norfolk  Island,  March 
24,  1790. 

Inhabitants  of  Norfolk  Island,  498,  of  whom 
191  men  and  100  women  were  convicts.  March 
24,  1790. 

Lieut. -Governor  King  resumed  oommand  at 
Norfolk  Island,  having  returned  to  New  South 
Wales  by  the  "Gorgon,"  December,  1791. 

The  wheat  harvest  of  Norfolk  Island  amonnted 
to  1,000  bushels,  December,  1791. 

The  state  of  affairs  at  Norfolk  Island  was  snch 
that  the  settlers  were  enjoying  the  greatest 
prosperity  ;  2,000  bushels  of  wheat  and  50  tons 
of  potatoes  were  produced.  The  population  of 
the  island  was  1,008  persons.     1793. 

Major  Foveaux  appointed  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Norfolk  Isknd,  June  29,  1800. 

Mr.  D.  Wentworth,  surgeon,  appointed  to 
proceed  to  Norfolk  Island,  Julv  6,  1802. 

Mr.  D'Arcy  Wentworth  ordered  to  duty  at 
Norfolk  Island,  February  8,  1803. 

lieut.  James  Bowen,  of  H.M.S.  "Glatton," 
appointed  to  take  chaise  and  command,  as 
Deputy  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Norfolk  Island, 
during  the  absence  of  Lieutenant-Governor 
Foveaux,  March  19,  1803. 

Lieutenant-Crovemor  Foveaux  arrived  from 
Norfolk  Island,  leaving  the  command  of  the 
settlement  to  Captain  vVilson,  September  29, 
1803. 

The  abandonment  of  the  settlement  of  Norfolk 
Island  took  place  in  1805.  [The  order  for  the 
abandonment  had  been  issued  in  1803.  The 
settlers  on  that  island  were  mostly  emancijnsts, 
and  had  farms  of  from  33  to  40  acres.  These 
settlers  were  conveyed  either  to  Van  Piemen  s 
Land  or  New  South  Wales  at  the  public  ex- 

Sense,  and  had  grants  of  land  given  to  them, 
ouble  the  amount  of  their  former  possessions, 
with  cattle  on  loan,  and  rationed  at  the  public 
stores  as  new  setUers.  The  majoritv  of  the 
settlers  from  Norfolk  Island  went  to  Van  Die- 
men's  Land,  and  there  founded  a  settlement, 
naming  the  place  where  they  located  New  Nor- 
folk and  Norfolk  Plains  after  the  name  of  the 
island  they  had  been  compelled  to  leave.] 

Extraordinary  high  tide  at  Norfolk  Island, 
May  8,  1805. 

iforfolk-  Isknd  appointed  a  place  to  which 
offenders  convicted  in  New  South  Wales,  and 
being  under  sentence  of  transportation,  should 
be  sent,  August  15,  1826. 

Harwood's  brig  seized  and  taken  away  by  con- 
victs whilst  on  passage  from  Sydney,  1827. 

Serious  outbreak  amongst  the  prisoners  at 
Norfolk  Island ;  fifty  escaped  to  PhiUip  Wjwd, 
seven  miles  distant,  where  after  three  had  been 
killed,  the  rest  were  captured,  or  after  a  time 
surrendered.    September,  1827. 

Captain  J.  Wakefield,  39th  Kfig"^^*',^/ 
signed  his  position  as  Commandant  of  Norfolk 


NORTH  AUSTRALIA— OBITUARY. 


181 


lalind,  June  29,  1839.  [He  was  succeeded  by 
Lieut. -Colonel  Morissett,  late  Superintendent  of 
Police,  Sydney.] 

The  ''Governor  Phillip/'  a  vessel  employed 
k  Government  to  carr^  supplies  to  and  from 
lunfolk  Island,  was  piratically  seized  by  the 

EiTS  of  that  islana.  The  boat's  crew,  num- 
12  men,  all  prisoners,  who  were  em- 
between  the  iskind  and  the  vessel,  by  a 
preconcerted  plan,  disarmed  the  sentry  on 
board,  compelled  such  of  the  crew  who  were  on 
deck  to  jump  overboard,  and  secured  the  cap- 
tain, mate,  and  soldiers  below  deck.  The  captam 
aad  mate,  by  breaking  through  a  partition,  got 
in  communication  with  the  soldiers,  and  com- 
menced an  attack  by  firing  through  the  crevices, 
viiich  took  effect,  when  they  rushed  on  deck, 
and  after  a  brief  strufiKle  with  the  pirates,  re- 
captured the  vessel  Tne  soldiers  lost  one  man, 
and  five  others  were  wounded ;  of  the  convicts, 
tire  were  killed  and  two  wounded.  The  others 
were  tried,  and  four  y^ere  convicted  and  exe- 
cDted.     1842. 

The  Governor  visited  Norfolk  Island  on  a  tour 
of  inspection,  with  instructions  from  the  Secre- 
tary of  State,  February  28,  1843. 

Norfolk  Island  declared  no  longer  a  depen- 
dency of  New  South  Wales,  April  2,  1844. 

Government  of  Norfolk  Islana  passed  from  New 
Soath  Wales  to  Tasmania,  October  1,  1844. 

Major  Childs,  Governor  of  Norfolk  Island, 
replaced  Maconochie,  1845. 

The  Pitcaim  Islanders,  numbering  194  souls, 
established  themselves  at  Norfolk  Island.  They 
were  allotted  land  for  cultivation,  and  supplies 
for  a  limited  period ;  they  were  also  supplied 
with  seeds  and  implements  of  husbandry.  A 
magistrate  and  chaplain  were  appointed.  The 
instructions  from  the  Secretary  of  State  were 
that  the  islanders  should  be  as  little  interfered 
with  as  possible,  and  that  their  existing  social 
system  was  to  be  maintained.  The  Qovemor 
of  New  South  Wales  visited  Norfolk  Island  on 
the  establishment  of  that  place  by  the  Pit- 
caimers.     1857. 

Lord  Belmore  visited  Norfolk  Island  in  H.  M.  S. 
"Virago,"  returning  to  Sydney  October  16, 1870. 

NORTH  AUSTRALIA.  Colonel  Barney  arrived 
at  Sydney  from  EIngland  en  route  to  form  the 
colony  of  North  Australia,  September  8,  1846. 


0. 


OBELISK. 

The  Obelisk,  Macquarie  Place,  Sydney, 
erected  by  Grovemor  Macquarie  as  a  starting 
point  from  which  distances  on  the  roads  <» 
the  colony  might  be  calculated.    1818. 

The  Obelisk,  Hyde  Park,  opposite  Bathurst- 
street,  Sydney,  erected  during  the  mayoralty 
of  George  Thornton,  Esq.,  for  the  dispersion 
of  sewage  effluvia,  1857. 


OBITUARY. 

a'Beckbtt.  Arthur  Martin  a'Beckett,  M.D., 
died  in  Sydney,  aged  59,  May  23,  1871. 

a'Beckett.  William  A'Beckett,  first  Chief 
Justice  of  Victoria,  died  June  27,  1869. 

Abbott.  Eleanour  Abbott,  relict  of  Thomas 
Abbott,  died  in  Sydney,  aged  87,  October  4, 
1873. 

Adams.  John  Adams,  one  of  the  mutineers 
of  the  "Bounty,"  died  at  Pitcaim's  Island,  aged 
65,  March  5,  1829. 

AuEXAKDER.  Maurice  Alexander,  M.L.A., 
died  at  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  January  27,  1874. 

Anderson.  Lieut-Colonel  Joseph  Anderson, 
C.B.,  died  at  South  Yarra,  Victoria,  aged  80,  July 
18,  1877. 

Allan.  M.  R.  AUan,  Under  Colonial  Secre- 
tary, N.S.W.,  died  April  6,  1879. 

Allen.  Captain  William  Allen  died  in  South 
Australia,  October  17,  1856. 

Allen.  Hon.  Greoxge  Allen,  M.L.C.,  died  at 
Toxteth  Park,  Glebe,  N.S.W.,  aged  77,  Novem- 
ber 3,  1877. 

Andrews.  Edward  William  Andrews  died 
in  Adelaide,  South  Australia,  aged  64,  February 
23,  1877. 

Arnold.  Hon.  William  M.  Arnold,  Speaker 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  Sydney,  drowned 
in  the  Paterson  River,  Maitland,  N.S.W.,  March 
2,  1875. 

Arthur.  Governor  Sir  George  Arthur  (Tas- 
mania), died  in  England,  Septemlier  19,  1854. 

Atrin.  R.  T.  Atkin  died  of  consumption. 
May  25,  1872.  [He  was  a  brilliant  journalist, 
and  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  of  Queensland.] 

Austin.  Thomas  Austin,  the  owner  of  Bar- 
won  Park,  died  near  Geelong,  December  15, 
1871.  [He  emigrated  to  Tasmania  about  1832, 
and  arrived  in  Victoria  about  1836.] 

Baker.  George  A.  Baker,  son  of  the  Hon. 
John  Baker,  died  at  Adelaide,  of  typhoid  fever, 
aged  27,  March  1,  1872. 

Baker.  Hon.  John  Baker,  M.L.C.,  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  South  Australia,  and  one  of  its 
foremost  public  men,  died  May  18,  1872. 

Balcoicbe.  William  Balcombe,  first  Colonial 
Treasurer,  New  South  Wales,  died  March  19, 
1829. 

Banks.  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  botanist  in  Cap- 
tain Cook^s  expedition,  died  1820. 

Baptist.  John  Thomas  Baptist,  a  well- 
known  florist,  died  at  his  residence,  "  The 
Gardens,"  Surry  HiUs,  Sydney,  aged  69,  Sep- 
tember 15,  1873. 

Barker.  Captain  Collett  Barker,  59th  Regt., 
murdered  by  the  blacks  while  exploring,  April 
30,  1831. 

Barker.  Mr.  George  Barker,  South  Aus- 
traUa,  died  March  2,  1872. 

Barker.  J  ohn  Barker,  South  Australia,  died 
May  18,  1872. 


182 


OBrruAHT- 


Barker.  Jane  Sophia,  wife  of  Bight  Ber. 
Frederic  Barker,  Bishop  of  Sydney,  died,  aged 
6S,  March  19,  1876. 

Barklt.  Lady  Barkly,  wife  of  CrOYemor  Sir 
Henry  Barkly,  died,  1867. 

Barrow.  John  Henry  Barrow,  M.L.A.,  died 
at  Adelaide,  S.  A.,  August  22,  1874. 

Batman.  John  Batman,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  in  Victoria,  died  in  that  colony.  May  1, 
1840. 

Becker.  Ludwig  Becker,  naturalist  to  the 
Burke  and  Wills  expedition,  died,  AprU  29, 
1864. 

Bbckhah.  Thomas  Beckham,  District  Court 
Judge,  Auckland,  N.Z.,  died  August  1,  1875. 

Belinfante.     Dr.  Simon  Belinfante,  a  clever 

ghysician,  and  barrister-at-law,  drowned  in  the 
'udgeffong  River  when  proceeding  in  a  bug^ 
from  Mud^e  to  Gulffong  to  attend  the  Warden^ 
Court.  His  wife,  who  was  in  the  buggy  at  the 
time,  had  a  narrow  escape.  He  was  a  native  of 
Holland.     July  14,  1874. 

Bell.  Major  John  Bell,  of  Bell  Park,  Gee- 
lone,  Victoria,  formerly  M.L.  A.  for  South  Grant, 
c&ed  (worth  £900,000),  aged  54,  January  27, 
1876. 

Bennett.  Samuel  Bennett,  founder  of  and 
proprietor  of  Sydney  JSvemng  News  and  Toum 
ivnd  Country  Journal^  died  June  2,  1878. 

Bent.  Ellis  Bent,  Esq.,  Judge- Advocate, 
N.S.W.,  died  November  10,  1815. 

Berry.  Alexander  Berry,  old  colonist,  died 
in  Sydney,  September  17,  1873. 

•  Billy    Blue.      William,    commonly    called 
**BiUy  Blue," aged 97, died  N.S. W., May  6, 1834. 

Bird.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Fairfoot  Bird,  pastor 
of  the  Congregational  Cliurch,  Collingwood,  Vic- 
tjria,  died,  aged  32  years,  April  23,  1876. 

Blscaccianti.  Count  d'Biscaccianti,  eminent 
artist  (violoncellist),  and  opera  manager,  died  at 
Melbourne,  April  21,  1879. 

Bl^vckall.  Colonel  S.  Wensley  Blackall, 
Governor  of  Queensland,  died  at  Brisbane,  Jan- 
uary 21,  1871. 

Blackmak.  John  Blackman,  died  October 
1,  1846. 

Bland.  Dr.  Bland,  old  colonist,  died  in  Syd- 
ney, July  21,  1868. 

Blaxland.  Hon.  John  Blaxland,  M.L.C., 
died  August  5,  1845. 

Blaxland.      Gregory  Blaxland,  one  of   the 

freatest.  of  Australian  explorers,  died  January  3, 
853. 

Bligh.  William  Bb'gh,  at  one  time  Governor 
of  New  South  Wales,  died  in  England,  1817. 

Blundell.  Henry  Blundell,  proprietor  of  the 
Evenim/  Post.,  Wellington  (N.Z. ),  died  in  Sydney, 
June  I'o,  1878. 

Bodsnram.  Mr.  Thomas  Bodenham,  died 
May  20,  1878. 

BouN.  Henry  Bohn,  proprietor  of  the  Cleve- 
hind  Bay  ExpresSy  died  September  1,  1872. 


BooTBBT.  Hob.  John  Boothby,  a  South  Ant- 
tnOiaa  Judge,  died  at  Adelaide,  June  21,  1868. 

BoucAUT.  Captain  Ray  Boncaat,  of  Soath 
Australia,  died  suddenly  of  apoplexy,  January 
29,  1872. 

BouRKE.  Lieut.  -General  Sir  Richard  Bourke, 
K.C.B.,  at  one  time  Governor  of  New  Soath 
Wales,  died  1855. 

BoirBKS.  Lady  Bourke^  wile  of  Sir  Richard 
Bourke,  diedatGoverament  Honae^  Parramatta^ 
May  7,  1832. 

Bourke.  Lanreoee  Bourke,  faaaatly  M.L  A 
for  Kilmore  (V.),  died  at  Pyaftong.  He  was  a 
very  old  colonist,  JamiaTy  IS,  1875. 

BowBCAN.  John  Bowman  died,  aged  62, 
December  16,  1813.  [Mr.  Bowman  with  his 
wife  arrived  in  the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales 
in  1798;  and  settled  in  Richmond.] 

Bowman.  Honor  Bowman,  wife  of  John 
Bowman,  died,  aged  66,  November  11,  1826. 

BowMAK.  William  Ufacarthur  Bowman,  a 
popular  colonist,  died  Dec  11,  1874. 

Bowman.  George  Bowman,  an  old  reeidenk 
of  Richmond,  N.S.  W.,  died  August  26,  187& 

Bkidlb.  William  Bridle,  sen.,  died  at 
Tumut,  aged  76  years,  July  26,  1873. 

Brisbane.  Sir  James  Brisbane,  £L  C.  R ,  K.  H. , 
of  the  Warspite,  died  at  Sydney,  aged  52,  Dec 
19,  1826. 

B&ouQHTON.  Sarah,  wife  of  Bishop  Brough- 
ton,  died  in  Sydney,  Sept.  16,  1849. 

Brouohfon.  The  Right  Rev.  Wm.  Grant 
Broughton,  Bishi^  of  Sydney,  died  while  on  a 
visit  to  England,  at  the  house  of  Lady  Gipps, 
and  was  buried  in  Canterbury  Cathedni ;  aged 
64L    Feb.  20,  1853. 

Browns.  The  Venerable  Archdeaeon  Bpowub 
died  at  Launoeston,  aged  77.     June  18,  1877. 

Brownwell.  Dr.  Brownwell,  for  many  years 
connected  with  the  Imperial  establishment, 
Tasmania,  died  November  10,  1872. 

BucHAN.  James  Andrew  Buchan,  Mana^ 
of  the  South  Australian  Bank  at  Gawler,  died 
January  15,  1872. 

Buckley.  Patrick  Coady  Buckley,  squatter, 
died  in  Gippsland,  Victoria,  intestate,  worth 
£60,000.     June  16,  1872. 

Bdncb.  Daniel  Bunce,  for  many  years 
Curator  of  the  Geelong  Botanical  Garaens, 
Geelong,  died  June  2,  1872. 

BuNOAREE.  Bunearee,  known  as  King  Bun- 
garee,  died.  Buried  at  Garden  Island,  Novem- 
ber, 1830. 

BuxN.  George  Bunn,  Esq.,  merchant,  died 
Sydney,  Jan.  9,  1834. 

Burke.  Robert  0*Hara  Burke,  the  great 
Australian  explorer,  perished  at  Cooper's  Creek, 
June  28,  1861. 

Burnett.  James  Charles  Burnett,  died,  aged 
36,  July,  1854. 

Bushelle.  Madame  Wallace  Bushelle,  veil- 
known  musician,  died  Au£^  16,  1878. 


OBITUARY. 


183 


Callaoh.\n.  Tboiiiw  Callaghan,  a  New 
Sooth  Wales  judge,  accideDtally  killed  at  Braid- 
wod,  N.S.W.,  November  28,  1863. 

Callen.  lieutenant  Douglas  Callen,  Band- 
master,  Military  Forces,  Sydney,   died  May  6, 

1879. 

Calvert.  Mr.  J.  S.  Calvert  (ne«  Atkinson), 
died  St  Sutton  Forest,  New  South  Wales,  April 
28, 1872. 

Campbell.  J.  T.  Campbell,  M.L.C.,  first 
Cbtiector  of  Customs,  N.S.W.,  and  for  many 
jan  iecretary  to  the  Governor,  died  January 

3D.  1830. 

Camfbell.  Robert  Campbell,  sen.  (of  the 
Wharf),  died  at  his  residence,  at  Limestone, 
nuiveraally  respected.  He  was  the  first  mer- 
chant who  established  himself  in  Sydney,  having 
azTived  in  1798.     April  16,  1846. 

Campbell.  Robert  Campbell,  Colonial  Trea- 
mrer,  N.S.W.,  died.  He  had  fallen  a  victim 
ts  hard  work,  combined  with  anxiety  of  mind, 
the  result  in  a  large  measure  of  the  difficulties 
▼hich  party  strife  threw  in  the  way  of  the  Min- 
istry.   March  30,  1859. 

Campbell.  Captain  Ronald  Campbell,  late 
0*  H.M.  31st  Eegt.  of  foot,  an  old  and  much 
respected  resident  of  Monaro,  N.S.W.,  died  at 
hk  residence,  Bombala  Station,  Bombala.    Oct. 

28,1871. 

Campbell.  Dal.  S.  Campbell,  merchant  (old 
colonist)  died  in  Victoria,  aged  63.  April  28, 
1875. 

Cakterbury.  Viscount  Canterbury,  formerly 
Governor  of  Victoria,  died  June  24,  1877. 

Cape.  William  Timothy  Cape,  at  one  time 
head  master  of  Sydney  College,  died  in  London, 
Ea^land,  June  14,  1863. 

Carey.  District  Court  (New  South  Wales) 
Jodge  Caiey  died,  at  Sydney.  July,  1870. 

Carey.  Brigadier-General  Georee  Jackson 
Carey,  C.B.,  Administrator  of  the  Government 
of  Victoria  in  1865,  died  at  Manchester,  Eng- 
land, June  12,  1872. 

Cassell.'  Hon.  J.  H.  N.  Cassell,  the  first 
Odkcter  of  Customs  in  Victoria,  died  at  South 
Yarra,  November  21,  1840. 

Caste.  Captain  J.  C.  L.  Caste,  second  super- 
intendent of  Hawkes  Bay,  New  Zealand,  died. 
May  28,  1872. 

Catto.  John  Catto,  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
the  colony  of  Victoria,  July,  1872. 

Cheese.  Alfred  Cheeke,  puisne  Judge  of 
N.S.  W.,  and  patron  of  the  turf,  died  at  Darling 
Point,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  March  14, 
1876. 

Chisrolh.  Mrs.  Caroline  Chisholm,  well- 
known  in  connexion  with  Australian  colonisa- 
tion, died  in  London,  March  25,  1877. 

Chriotie.  Major  William  Harvey  Christie, 
at  one  time  Postmaster-General  of  N.S.W;,  died 
at  Pyrmont,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  March 
19,  1873. 

Clarke.  Governor  Clarke,  of  Western  Aus- 
tralia, died  February  10,  1847. 


Clarke.  W.  J.  T.  Clarke  died  at  Essen- 
don,  Victoria.  He  was  an  old  colonist,  reputed 
to  be  worth  £3,000,000.    January  13, 1874. 

Clarke.  Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke,  eminent  Aus- 
tralian geologist,  died  June  16,  1878. 

Clark.  J.  H.  Clark,  editor  and  part  pro- 
prietor  of  the  South  Australian  Register,  died 
at  Adelaide,  May  20,  1878. 

Clinch.  Captain  John  Clinch,  of  S.  "Southern 
Cross,"  tradine  between  Sydney  and  Hobart- 
town,  died  suddenly  in  Sydney,  aged  67,  June 
8,  1875. 

CoPFEY.  Dean  Coffey,  Roman  Catholic  cler- 
gyman, beloved  by  many  and  highly  respected 
by  all  denominations,  died  and  was  buned  at 
Parramatta,  1857. 

Cohen.  Hon.  Edward  Cohen  died  in  Mel- 
bourne, aged  54  years,  April  13,  1877. 

Cole.  Hon.  George  Ward  Cole,  a  retired 
commander  of  the  Royal  Navy,  and  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  for  Central  Province, 
Victoria,  died,  aged  86,  April  26,  1879. 

CoLLETF.  Wm.  Truman  CoUett  died  at  Mun- 
gerarie,  near  Moruya.  He  was  for  30  years  on 
the  Commission  of  the  Peace,  N.S.W.,  April  6, 
1878. 

Collins.  Lieut. -Governor  Colonel  David 
Collins  died  at  Hobart  Town,  March  24,  1810. 

CoNOLLY.  The  Rev.  Phillip  ConoUy,  first 
R.C.  clergyman,  Tasmania,  died  1839. 

Cook.  Captain  James  Cook  killed  at  Owhy* 
hee,  February  14,  1779. 

CORRIGAN.  Dr.  Corrigan,  head-master  of  the 
Wesley  College,  died  at  Melbourne,  aged  40 
years,  January  7,  1871. 

CouLTiLARD.  Coulthard  lost  his  life  in  the 
bush  near  Sleep  Station,  S.A.,  March  29, 
1853. 

CouTTS,  James  Coutta,  M.A.,  a  promising 
yoong  barrister  and  lecturer  on  scientific  sub- 
jects at  the  School  of  Arts,  Sydney,  died,  aged 
29  years.  May  5,  1879. 

CoVENEY.  Mr.  Robert  Coveney,  a  highly 
honorable  and  charitable  resident  of  Sydney, 
died  November  16,  1878. 

CowPER.  Venerable  Archdeacon  Cowper, 
D.D.,  for  many  years  resident  in  Sydney, 
N.S.W.,  died  in  Sydney,  July  6,  1858. 

CowPER.  Sir  Charles  Cowper,  Agent-General 
for  New  South  Wales,  died  at  London,  October 
19,  1875. 

Cox.  William  Cox,  of  Hobartville  died, 
aged  60,  January  20,  1850. 

Cox.  Frances  Cox,  wife  of  Henry  Cox,  of 
Broombee,  died,  aged  54,  August  25,  1854. 

Cox.  Louisa  Cox,  wife  of  Charles  Clarendon 
Cox,  died,  aged  19,  July  6,  1856. 

Cox.  Sloper  Cox,  died,  aged  53,  September 
4,  1877. 

Cox.  Charles  Clarendon  Cox,  celebrated  wool- 
rower,  died  atBroombie,  N.S. W.,  June  17, 1878* 


184 


OBITUARY. 


CRoionBLiN.  Mr.  T.  L.  Crommelin,  Commis- 
uoner  of  Crown  Lands,  died  at  Sydney,  April 
7,  1877. 

Crowley.  John  Crowley,  died,  Richmond, 
N.S.W.,  aged  58,  May  9,  1833. 

Crummer.  Major  JameB  Crununer,  an  officer 
who  had  distinguished  himself  in  the  British 
army  in  Spain  and  other  countries,  and  who  was 
Police  Magistrate  of  Newcastle,  Maitland,  and 
Port  Macquarie,  N.S.W.,  died  at  Port  Mac- 
quarie,  December  29,  1867. 

CiTNNiNOHAH.  Richard  Cunningham,  killed 
by  the  natives,  near  the  River  Bogan,  whilst  on 
Mitchell's  expedition,  as  Botanist,  1835. 

CuNNiNOHAM.  Allan  Cunningham,  botanist 
and  explorer,  died  at  Sydney,  N.S.  W.,  June  27, 
1839. 

Curtain.  Michael  Curtain,  an  old  colonist, 
who  arrived  in  Melbourne  in  1839,  died  July, 
1872. 

DAimrREE.  Richard  Daintree,  F.R.G.S.,  late 
Agent-Qeneral,  Queensland,  died  June  25,  1878. 

Daly.  Sir  Dominick  Dal]^,  at  one  time  Go- 
vernor of  South  Australia,  died  Feb.  19,  1868. 

Daly.  Lady  Daly  (wife  of  late  Governor) 
died  in  South  Australia,  July  16,  1872. 

Darling.  Lieutenant-General  Sir  Ralph 
Darling,  at  one  time  Governor  of  New  South 
Wales,  died,  1834. 

Darling.  Edward,  infant  son  of  Governor 
Darling,  died  in  Sydney,  of  whooping-cough, 
August  3,  1828. 

Darling.  Sir  Charles  Henry  Darling  died  in 
England,  January  25,  1870. 

Darling.  Lady  Darling,  widow  of  Sir  Charles 
Henry  Darling,  K.  C.  B.,  died  at  Lee,  near 
London,  September  24,  1875. 

Darwin.  Dr.  Erasmus  Darwin  died,  April 
18,  1802. 

Davey.  Governor  Davey,  of  Tasmania,  died 
May  2,  1873. 

Davibs.  Rieht  Rev.  Charles  Henry  Davies, 
R.C.  Bishop  of  mitknd,  died  May  17,  1854. 

Dayies.  John  Davies,  proprietor  of  the 
Hdbart  Town  Mercury,  died  June  11,  1872. 

Dawson.  Michael  Dawson,  an  old  and 
wealthy  Victorian  colonist,  died  June  1,  1875. 

Day.  Edward  Denny  Day,  for  manv  years 
Police  Manstrate  of  Alaitland,  Muswellbrook, 
and  Port  Macquarie,  N.S.W.,  died  at  Maitland, 
May  5,  1876. 

Deniehy.  Daniel  Henry  Deniehy,  solicitor 
and  journalist,  died  at  Bathurst,  N.S.W.,  Octo- 
ber 22,  1865. 

Denison.  Sir  William  Thomas  Denison  died 
in  England,  at  the  age  of  67,  January  19,  1871. 

Desailly.  G.  p.  Desailly  died  at  Brighton, 
Victoria,  aged  53  vears,  September  19,  1876. 
[He  was  one  of  the  earliest  colonists  of  Vic- 
toria, and  for  some  time  very  successful  in 
pastoral  pursuits,  equally  in  New  South  Wales 
and  Victoria,  into  which  business  he  introduced 
many  improvements  in  the  working  of  stations.] 


Deuchar.  John  Denchar,  died  at  Mile  End, 
Queensland,  September  28,  1872.  [He  was  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  Southern  Qaeenshmd,  and 
was  the  first  white  man  that  camped  on  the 
present  site  of  Warwick.] 

Devine.  Nicholas  Devine,  died  at  the 
advanced  ace  of  104  years,  at  Newtown,  1830. 
[He  arrived  in  the  colony  with  Governor 
Phillip,  as  principal  Supermtendent  of  Con- 
victs, which  office  he  retained  for  25  yeara. 
For  this  and  other  services  he  was  allowed  an 
annuity,  besides  a  grant  of  land  that  he  had 
previously  received,  which  land  some  years 
afterwards  became  the  source  of  much  litigation, 
and  the  trial  of  which  extended  over  several 
years,  known  as  the  "Devine  Case.'*]  {See 
Trials.) 

DioHT.    John  Dight  died,  aged  65,  1837. 

DiGHT.  Hannah  Dight,  wife  of  John  Dight, 
died,  aged  81,  1862. 

DoDD.  Henry  Edward  Dodd,  superintendent 
of  Roeehill,  afterwards  called  Parramatta, 
N.S.W.,  since  the  establishment  of  that  station, 
died  1791. 

Don.  Charles  Jardine  Don,  member  of  the 
Victorian  Legislative  Assembly,  and  champion 
of  the  working  classes,  died  1867. 

Donaldson.  Sir  Stuart  Alexander  Donald- 
son, the  first  Premier  of  New  South  Wales, 
died  at  Carlton  Hall,  Cumberland,  England, 
January  11,  1867. 

DoNoORUE.  John  Benjamin  Donoghue,  gen* 
erally  known  as  John  Dunn,  the  well-known 
and  favourite  comedian,  and  the  oldest  actor  on 
the  Australian  stage,  died,  afl»d  62,  August  17» 
1875. 

Dove.  Richard  Dove,  Judge  Advocate,  died 
November  30,  1800. 

DowLiNO.  Sir  James  Dowling,  Chief  Justice 
of  New  South  Wales,  died  in  Sydney,  N.S-W., 
Sentember  27,  1844. 

Draper.  Rev.  Daniel  James  Draper,  Wes- 
leyan  minister,  was  drowned  in  the  steamship 
"London"  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  Jan.  11,  1866. 

Drummond.  Rev.  Ralph  Drummond,  died 
at  Mitcham,  ^.A.,  aj^  80,  April  26,  1872. 
[He  was  the  pioneer  minister  of  Presbyterianism 
in  South  Australia.  He  came  to  the  colony  in 
1839,  and  was  the  founder,  and  for  many  yeara 
pastor,  of  the  church  now  presided  over  by  the 
Kev.  Charles  Lyall.] 

Dry.  Sir  Richard  Dry,  premier  of  Tasmania, 
died  August  1,  1869. 

DuTFT.  Lady  Dufiy,  wife  of  Sir  Charles 
Gavan  Dufiy,  died  September  21,  1878. 

DuBCARESQ.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Dumaresq, 
died  suddenly  at  Port  Stephens,  N.S.W.,  MarcK 
5,  1838. 

DuMARESQ.  Captain  William  John  Dumaresq, 
aged  76  years,  died  1868. 

Duncan.  Edward  Duncan,  M.P.,  of  Eng- 
land, died  at  Melbourne,  February,  1870. 

Dunn.  John  Dunn,  Chief  Clerk  in  the  Audit 
Office,  Melbourne,  died  March  23,  1877. 


OBITUARY. 


185 


DuTTOK.  Francis  S.  Dation,  C.M.G.,  Agent- 
Genenl  for  South  Austnlxa  ftt  London,  died 
Jinoaiy  28,  1877. 

Eaton.  WiUiam  Eaton  died,  N.S.W.,  aged 
69,  1839. 

Ega5.  Honorable  Daniel  Eein,  Postmaster- 
General  of  New  South  Wales,  died  October  16, 
1870. 

Eldkr.  Rey.  John  Elder  died  in  Sydney, 
aged  66,  January  3,  1879. 

Erskike.  Rev.  George  Erskine,  superin- 
tendent Wesleyan  Mission,  died  April  20,  1834. 

Fairclouoh.  Captain  Hush  Fairclough,  an 
estimable  gentleman  connectea  with  the  Sydney 
Mercantile  Marine,  died  June  30,  1878. 

Fairtax.  Charles  John  Fairfax,  part  owner 
of  the  Sydney  Morning  Herald,  accidentally 
killed,  December,  1863. 

Fairfax.  Hon.  John  Fairfax,  M.L.C.,  senior 
proprietor  of  the  Sydney  Morning  Herald,  died 
June  16,  1877. 

Fawkner.  John  Pascoe  Fawkner,  founder 
of  Melbourne,  died  September  4,  1869. 

Feathersiokb.  Dr.  Isaac  Earl  Featherstone, 
for  some  years  Agent-General  for  New  Zealand, 
died  in  f^ogland,  1875. 

Fellows.  Thomas  Howard  Fellows,  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  Victoria,  died,  April  8, 
1878. 

Ferousson.  Lady  Edith  Christian  Fereusson, 
life  of  Sir  James  Fergusson,  Governor  of  South 
AnstnOia,  died,  October  28,  1872.  [Lady  Fer- 
gtisson  was  second  daughter  of  the  Marquis  of 
Dalhousie.  She  was  married  to  Sir  James 
Fergusson  in  1859.] 

FsHER.  Sir  James  Hurtle  Fisher,  formerly 
President  of  the  Legislative  Council,  Adelaide, 
and  one  of  the  pioneers  of  South  Australia, 
died  January  27,  1875. 

FrrzROT.  Ladv  Mary  Fitzroy,  wife  of  Sir 
Charles  Fitzroy,  killed  at  Parramatta  by  being 
thrown  from  her  carriage,  December  7,  1847. 

FrrzROT.  Sir  Charles  Auffustus  Fitzroy,  at 
onetime  Governor  of  New  South  Wales,  died 
in  London,  1858. 

Frrz.siMMONS.  Major  Arthur  Frederick  Fitz- 
nnmions,  of  the  New  South  Wales  Artillery, 
formerly  of  the  40th  Regiment,  aged  36  years, 
died  October  2,  1872. 

FiVEASH.  R.  A.  Fiveash,  manager  of  the 
Tndanamutana  and  Blinman  Mines,  died  of 
apoplexy,  January  28,  1872. 

Flanagan.  Roderick  Flanagan,  journalist, 
died  in  London,  1861. 

Fldtdsrs.  Captain  Matthew  Flinders,  died 
in  England,  July  14,  1814. 

Forbes.  Sir  Francis  Forbes,  died  at  Leitrim, 
November  8,  1841.  He  was  the  first  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Colony  of  N.S.W. 

Forbes.  Frederick  Ausustus  Forbes,  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  Queensland  Par- 
liament, died,  1877. 

Footer.  John  Foster,  an  old  Tasmanian 
colonist,  died  July  21,  1875. 


Franklin.  Sir  John  Franklin,  died  June  11, 
1847. 

Franklin.  Lady  Jane  Franklin,  widow  of 
Sir  John  Franklin,  aged  83,  died  in  London, 
July  18,  1875. 

Frazer.    Charles  Frazer,  Colonial  Botanist, 

N.S.  W.,  died  December  22,  1831. 

Ftans.  Captain  Foster  Fyans,  died  1870; 
he  was  one  of  the  early  commandants  of 
Norfolk  Island ;  he  introduced  the  first  and 
only  horse  on  the  island. 

Gawler.  Colonel  George  Gawler,  Governor 
of  South  Australia,  died  in  England,  aged  73, 
May,  1869. 

Geooheoan.  Right  Rev.  Patrick  Bona- 
venture  Geoghegou,  second  Bishop  of  Adelaide, 
died  in  Dubfin,  May  5,  1865. 

Gilbert.  John  Gilbert,  ornithologist,  speared 
by  the  blacks,  January  29,  1845. 

Gilchrist.  Archibald  Gilchrist,  M.A.,  In- 
spector-General of  Victorian  State  Schools, 
aged  40,  died  October  21,  1878. 

Giles.  William  Giles,  an  early  settler  and 
member  of  Parliament  in  South  Australia,  died 
at  Adelaide,  aged  70,  1861. 

GiPFS.  Sir  George  Gipps,  died  at  Canterbury, 
in  Enghind,  February  28,  1847. 

Glass.  Hugh  Glass,  a  very  large  squatter, 
died,  1870. 

Goldsmith.  Dr.  Goldsmith,  one  of  the  foun- 
ders and  explorers  of  the  Northern  Territory, 
died  at  Adehiide,  S.A.,  July  24,  1875. 

Good.  Robert  Good,  one  of  the  survivors  of 
the  Battle  of  Waterloo,  died  at  Longbottom, 
N.S.  W.,  December  25,  1871. 

GooDENOUGH.  Commodoro  James  Graham 
Groodenoufl^  and  two  seamen  (Small  and  Rayner) 
of  the  "Pearl,"  mortally  wounded  by  the 
natives  of  Santa  Cruz  Island,  South  Seas, 
August  12,  1875.  Goodenouffh  died  August  20, 
aged  44,  and  was  buried  in  Sydney,  August  24, 
1875. 

Gordon.  Bertrand  Gordon,  third  son  of  the 
Marquis  of  Huntley,  died  at  Sydney,  aged  19 
years,  August  10,  1869. 

Gordon.  A.  H.  Gordon,  author  of  "Gallop- 
ing Rhymes,"  &c.,  died  near  Melbourne,  June, 
1870. 

GowLLAND.  Commander  John  Thomas 
Ewing  Gowlland,  R.N.,  drowned  at  Port  Jack- 
son, Sydney,  August  14,  1874. 

Gray.  Charles  Gray,  of  the  Burke  and  Wills 
exploring  expedition,  died  April  17,  1861. 

Gray.  Captain  Gray,  R.N.,  commander  of 
the  steamship  "Great  Britain,"  accidentally 
drowned  on  the  voyage  from  Melbourne  to 
Liverpool,  November  25,  1872. 

Green.  Captain  Green,  of  the  "  Dunbar," 
with  all  his  passengers  and  crew,  save  one, 
drowned  near  Sy<mey  Heads,  August  20, 
1857. 

Greeves.  a.  F.  a.  Greeves,  an  old  Victorian 
colonist,  died  at  Melbourne,  May  23,  1874. 


IW 


OBTDCTABY. 


Orkkfbll.  Connmiiwioner  J.  G.  Grenfril  wm 
shot  by  two  bushrangers  (names  unknown)  in 
resisting  an  attempt  to  rob  the  mail  in  N.S.  W., 
Jaanary,  1867. 

Griffiths.  John  Gordon  Griffiths,  one  of  the 
leading  tiieatricals  of  the  day,  died  at  Manly, 
March  4, 1857. 

GiTNN.  Rev.  Mr.  Gunn,  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter, died  in  Macquarie>street,  Sydney,  about  an 
hour  after  he  landed,  February  15,  1872. 

Haines.  William  Clairke  Haioes,  a  Victonaa 
politician,  died,  1864. 

HAnrnro.    BeT.    Robert    Haining,    Pkvsby- 

srian   minister,    died 
tralia,  April  26,  1874. 


terian   minister,   died  at  Glenelg,  South  Aus 


,  Soul 


Hall.  Edward  Smith  Hall,  long  connected 
with  Sydney  press,  died  September,  1860. 

Halldrak.  Dr.  L.  H.  Halloraa,  died  Sydney 
March  7,  1831. 

Hamilton.  James  Hamilton,  murdered,  April 
24,183& 

Hamlet.  Major-General  Hsmley,  Acting 
Governor,  S.A.,  1868-9,  died  in  London,  Janu- 
ary 14,  1876. 

Hanson.  Sir  Richard  Dsries  Hanson,  Chief 
Justice,  South  Australia,  died,  aged  71, 
March  4,  1876. 

Habksr.  Hon.  George  Harker,  an  old  Vic- 
torian colonist,  for  many  years  member  ol  the 
Legislative  Assembly  for  CoUingwood,  and 
Colonial  Treasurer  in  the  O'Shanassy  Ministry 
in  1859,  died,  aged  63,  April  25,  1879. 

Harnett.  Patrick  Harnett,  Colonial  Sur- 
geon, died  Sept.  2,  1844. 

Harpur.  Charles  Harpur,  poet,  died  at 
Eurobodalla,  N.S.W.,  June  10,  1868. 

Harrington.  William  Harrin^n,  who 
arrived  with  the  73rd  Regiment  m  January, 
1810,  died,  aged  58,  May  8,  1837. 

Harrison.  Captain  John  Harrison,  Mel- 
bourne, died  1869. 

Hart.  Captain  John  Hart,  C.M.G.,  one  of 
the  South  Australian  pioneers,  died  January  28, 
1873. 

Hartioan.  Dr.  Hartigan  died  at  Singleton 
by  the  accidental  upsettmg  of  a  buggy,  Sep- 
tember 28,  1872.  [He  was  a  humane,  respectea, 
and  skilful  practitioner.] 

Harvey.  John  Harvey,  an  old  resident  of 
Bendigo,  Victoria,  died,  November  4,  1871. 

Hassall.  Rowland  Hassall,  a  much  respected 
gentleman,  resident  in  the  col  my  for  over  20 
years,  died  from  prevailing  epidemic,  catarrh, 
or  influenza.     August  20,  1820. 

Hates.  Alfred  Hayes,  Post  and  Telegraph 
Master,  died  at  Dubbo,  aged  28,  October  10, 
1873. 

Hatley.  Wm.  Foxton  Hayley,  M.D.,  for  32 
years  medical  practitioner  at  Queanbeyan,  and 
for  10  years  at  Goulbum,  died,  September  7, 
1878. 

HsALES.  Richard  Heales,  Victorian  States- 
man, died  June  19,  1864. 


Hklt.  F.  A.  Hely,  Esq.,  Saperintendeat  of 
CoBvicts,  died  Sept.  9,  1836. 

Hely.  Major  Hovendon  Hely's  body  fomid 
in  Bmigerebee  Brash,  'vHiere  he  had  loet  himself 
and  di^  of  hunger,  Jan.  26,  1865. 

Heitdbrson.  Rev.  A.  M.  Henderson,  the 
eloquent  and  accomplished  minister  of  Collins- 
Biar^t  Independent  Church,  Melbourne,  died  at 
Toronto,  Canada,  while  traveling  for  health, 
aged  55  years,  June  23,  1876. 

Hentrey.  W.  G.  Henfrey,  an  old  colonist, 
died  April  18,  1878. 

Henty.  Lawrence  Henty,  died  at  Merion 
Downs,  Victoria,  aged  32,  Feb.  11,  1877. 

Henty.  Edward  Henty,  pioneer,  Victorian 
colonist,  bom  1809,  died  August  14,  1878. 

Hetherington.  Rev.  Irving  Hetherington, 
Presbyterian  Clergyman  (Pastor  Scots  Chm^), 
died  at  Melbourne,  V.,  July  5,  1875. 

Hill.  Arthur  Hill,  publisher,  died  March  24, 
1834. 

Hill.  Rev.  Riehard  Hill  died  in  the  per- 
formaace  of  his  duties  in  St.  James's  Church, 
aged  56  years.  May  30,  1886. 

Hill.  Rev.  W.  K.  Hill  murdered  by  a 
prisener  named  Ritson  in  Pentridge  Gaol,  Vic- 
toria, May  14,  1869. 

HiNDMARsn.  Rear- Admiral  Sir  John  Hind- 
marsh,  K.H.,  first  Gk>vemor  of  South  Australia, 
died  1859. 

HOADLEY.  Mrs.  Hoadley,  murdered  in  her 
house  in  King-street,  May  19,  1845. 

Hobby.  Lieutenant  Thomas  Hobby,  formerly 
of  102nd  Regiment,  died,  January  8,  1833. 

Hobby.  Ann  Eliasabeth  Hobby,  widow  of 
Thomas  Hobby,  died,  aged  72,  Jamiary  30^  1839. 

HoBSON.  Captain  Hobson,  first  Governor  of 
New  Zealand,  died  Sept.  10,  1842. 

HoLDEN.  George  Kenyon  Holden,  Examiner 
of  Titles  in  New  South  Wales,  died  April  16, 
1874.  , 

HoBiE.  Sir  James  Evcrard  Home,  Bart., 
Captein  of  H.  M.  S.  "Calliope,"  aged  55, 
died  Nov.  1,  185a 

Hopkins.  Henry  Hopkins,  old  colonist,  died 
at  Hobart  Town,  Tasmania,  June  29,  1875. 

HoRROCKS.  J.  A.  Horrocks,  whilst  exploring 
the  bead  of  Spencer's  Gulf  was  killed  by  the 
explosion  of  his  gun,  1846.  ^ 

Horrocks.  Arthur  Horrocks,  an  old  settler 
in  South  Australia,  died,  July  7,  1872. 

HoRSLEY.  Charles  Edward  Horsley,  well 
known  in  Australia  as  a  leading  musician  and 
composer,  died  in  New  York,  Mwrch  2,  1876. 

Hotham.  Sir  Charles  Hotham,  formeriy 
Governor  of  Victoria,  died  December  31,1855. 

HovBLL.  Mrs.  Hovell,  wife  of  the  explorer. 
Captain  W.  H.  Hovell,  died  at  Geulbain, 
Decembers,  1876. 

Hovell.  Captain  William  Hovell,  AuatraKan 
explorer,  died  in  Sydney,  1876. 


OBrruAKY: 


187* 


Hows.  Tbit  death  of  Mr.  George  Howe 
oecorred,  Mr.  Howe  was  the  progenitor  of  the 
Austnlian  Press  and  Institution,  printer  and 
pnbtisher  of  the  first  newspaper  in  the  oc^ny. 
May  11,  1821. 

HowB.  Robert  Howe,  Esq.,  pronrieADr 
and  publisher  of  the  *' Sydney  Gazette^'  (the 
first  newspaper  published  in  the  Colony) ;  was 
drowned  by  the  upsetting  of  a  boat  off  Pinchgnt 
(Qow  Fort  Denison),  Jan.  29,  1829. 

Howirr.  Dr.  Godfrey  Howitt  died  at 
Gulfield,  Victoria,  December  3,  1873. 

HowTTT.  William  Howitt,  essayist  and 
writer,  died,  aged  84,  at  Rome,  March  3,  1879. 

HowLiSTON.  R.  Howliston  died  suddenly  at 
Maiden,  October,  1872.  [He  was  one  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  l^arrangoteer  T^mes.] 

HroHES.  Esther  Terry  Hughes,  relic  of  John 
Terry  Hughes,  died  in  Sydney,  aged  70,  August 
29,  1873. 

HuicB.  Hamilton  Hume,  the  Australian 
explorer,  and  first  oTerlander  to  Victoria,  died 
at  Yaas,  N.  S.  W.,  June  20,  1873. 

HvxTER.  Captain  John  Hunter,  at  one  time 
Geremor  of  New  South  Wales,  died,  1816. 

HuNTEB.  Charles  Hunter,  an  old  colonist, 
died  at  Aucldand,  N.Z.,  May  16,  1875. 

Hr»TLER.  William  Hustler,  late  Acting 
Sheriff,  died  June  1,  1845. 

HcTCHDYSOK.  Mr.  Hutchinson,  pioneer  colo- 
nist, South  Australia,  died  August,  1870. 

IcKLY.  Hon« Thomas  Icely,  M.L.C.  (N.S.W.), 
died  at  Parramatta,  February  13,  1874. 

IiCLAY.  Dr.  George  Imlay  accidentally  shot 
hiniMlf  (Bega),  December  26,  1846. 

Imlat.  Dr.  Alexander  Imlay  died  at  Sydney, 
N.S.W.,  aged  47,  March  31,  1847. 

I&£LANO.  Richard  Davies  Ireland  died  in 
Melbourne,  1875. 

Ironside.  AdcUidc  Eliza  Ironside,  historical 
aad  general  painter  and  poetess,  native  of  Syd- 
ney, died  at  Rome,  aged  36,  April  15,  1867. 

Ibonsidb.  James  Ironaide,  an  old  colonist, 
Either  of  the  above,  died  at  Sydney,  aged  63> 
July  20,  1866. 

Johnson.  Robert  Johnson,  M.L.C.,  solicitor, 
bom  in  London  December  17,  1812 ;  died  at 
Brooksby,  Double  Bay,  Sydney,  November  6, 
1866. 

Joi^STOir.  George  Johnston,  Esq.,  for- 
merly laent. -Colonel  of  102ndRegiment— oneof 
the  depoeers  of  Colonel  BUgh — died  at  his  seat, 
Aimandale,  January  5,  1823. 

Jones.  David  Jones,  a  wealthy  colonist,  died 
at  Sydney,  March  29,  1873. 

Jones.  Mr.  D.  G.  Jones,  the  founder  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  Pastoral  Times,  died  at  Sydney, 
Wmber  27,  1876. 

Kebne.  W.  Keene,  a  well-known  seologxst, 
<iied  at  Raymond  Terrace,  N.S.W.,  February  2, 
1 872.  [He  was  former V  Government  (leologist, 
ttd  subsequently  Examiner  of  Coal  Fields.] 


KsMp.  Hon.  diaries  Kemp,  M.L.C.,  aged 
51  yean,  died  at  Sydney,  August  26,  1864. 

Kennsdy.  Edmimd  B.  Kennedy,  the  ex- 
plorer, killed  by  the  aborigines  near  Escape 
River,  December  13,  1848. 

Kino.  Philip  Gidley  King,  at  one  time 
Governor  of  New  South  Wales,  died  at  Tooting 
Surrey,  England,  September  3,  1808. 

Kino.  Rear-Admiral  Philip  Parker  King^ 
R.K.,  died,  February,  1856. 

Kxirck  John  Kin^»  sole  snrvivcNr  of  the  Bncke 
and  Wills  Expedition,  died  at  Melbourne^ 
January  15,  1872. 

Kino.  Harriet  King,  relict  of  the  late  Rear* 
Admiral  PhilipP.  King,  R.N.,  died  at  Ashfield, 
New  South  Wales,  aged  78,  December  19, 
1874. 

Kyte.  Ambrose  Kyte,  a  well  known  Vic- 
torian colonist,  died  at  Melbourne,  1868. 

Laidlet.  James  Laidley,  Deputy-Commia- 
sary -General,  died  August  10,  1835. 

Lakeland.  John  Lakeland,  Superintendent 
of  Convicts,  Sydney,  died,  1828. 

Lane.      Henry  Lame,  J. P.,  for  many  years 

Under-Secretary  for  Finance  and  Trade,  New 
South  Wales,  died  at  Sydney,  aged  65,  Septem- 
ber 19,  1873. 

Lano.  Rev.  John  Dunmore  Lang,  D.D.,  for 
many  years  Member  of  Parliament  for  West 
Sydney,  and  Presbyterian  clergyman,  died,  aoed 
78,  August  4,  1878.  [His  remains  were  accorded 
a  public  funeraL] 

La  Trobe.  Charles  Joseph  La  Trobe,  for- 
merly Superintendent,  and  afterwards  Lieut. - 
Governor  of  Victoria,  died  at  London,  Do-- 
cMuber  3,  1875. 

Lawrence.  Captain  James  Lawrence^  auc- 
tioneer, shipping  and  commission  agent»  of 
Lloyd's  rooms,  died,  March,  1872. 

Lawrence.  Frederick  Lawrence,  prc^rietor 
of  the  Western  Post,  died  at  Mudgee,  March 
12,  1877. 

Lee.  Benjamin  Lee,  an  old  colonist,  and  at 
one  time  in  the  British  Army,  died  at  Pami» 
matta,  ag«l  92,  April  13,  1879. 

Lioirr.  Colonel  Light,  founder  of  the  City  of 
Adelaide,  died,  and  then  buried  in  a  reserve 
known  as  Sixth  Square,  South  Australia,  Octo- 
ber, 1889. 

LiBQAB.  Lord  Lisgar,  formerly  Governor  of 
New  South  Wales,  at  London,  aged  69,  October 
14^  1876. 

LoNOBOTTOM.  Rsv.  William  Longbottom, 
Wesleyan  Minister,  died  in  Tasmania,  July  30, 
1849. 

M'Carthy.  Mrs.  M*Carthy,  a  centenarian, 
died  at  Sandhurst  (Victoria),  January  30,  1875, 
aged  114  years.  [Her  son,  aged  67,  attended 
her  funeral.] 

M'CuRTAYNE.  William  M'Curtayne,  an  old 
and  much  respected  colonist,  died  at  Sydney, 
aged  58  years,  October  26,  1871. 


188 


OBITUARY. 


M  'Engbob.  Archdeaoon  M  'Encroe,  R.  C. ,  died 
in  Sydney,  aged  73  yean,  Angost  22,  1868. 

M'Inttrb.  Bev.  Wm.  M'lntvre,  Presbyte- 
rian Minister,  Scots*  Church,  Castlereagh-street, 
Sydney,  died  July  12,  1874.  [Airiv^  in  the 
colony  1834.] 

MInttre.  Duncan  M'Intyre,  explorer,  died 
June  4,  1866. 

M'KiNLAT.  John  M'Kinlay,  the  explorer, 
died  December  31,  1772. 

M'Leak.  Sir  Donald  M<Lean,  K.C.M.G.,  for 
many  years  native  minister  of  New  Zealand, 
died  January  5,  1879. 

M'Leris.  Captain  M'Lerie,  Inspector- 
General  of  Police,  Sydney,  died  October  14, 1874. 

M'Meikan.  Captain  Hugh  M'Meikan  died 
December  6,  1873. 

M'QuoiD.  Mr.  M'Quoid,  high  sherifif,  com- 
mitted suicide  in  a  fit  of  temporary  insanity, 
October  12,  1841. 

Macafeb.  a.  H.  C.  Macafee,  Sydney  mer- 
chant, died  July  8,  1878. 

Macarthur.  Mr.  John  Macarthur,  M.L.C., 
father  of  the  colony  and  of  the  o^olden  fleece  of 
Australia,  died  at  Camden,  N.S.W.,  April  11, 
1834. 

Macarthur.  H.  H.  Macarthur,  grandson  of 
Governor  King,  died  March  6,  1871. 

.  Macarthur.  Lieutenant-General  Sir  Edward 
Macarthur,  K.C.6.,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Vic- 
toria, died  in  London,  aged  82,  Januai74,  1872. 

Mackenzie.  J.  P.  Mackenzie,  an  old  and 
respected  resident  of  New  South  Wales,  died 
October  15,  1878. 

Macsje.  Rev.  George  Mackie,  Moderator  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Victoria,  to  which 
office  he  had  only  been  appointed  a  few  days, 
died  at  Melbourne,  December  12,  1871. 

Macleay.  William  Sharp  Macleay,  aged  72, 
died  January  7,  1836. 

Macleay.  Mr.  Alexander  Macleay,  who 
during  several  years  filled  respectively  the 
offices  of  Colonial  Secretary,  Speaker  of  the 
Leffialative  Council,  and  President  of  the  Aus- 

lian  Library  and  Benevolent  Asylum,  and 
was  also  the  founder  of  the  Australian  Museum, 
died  August  1,  1848.    [See  Biography.] 

Macphbrson.  William  Macpherson,  bom 
at  Blairgowrie,  Scotland,  1785,  died  in  Sydney, 
aged  81,  March  11,  1866.  [He  was  for  many 
years  the  holder  of  various  public  offices  in  the 
colony  of  New  South  Wales.] 

Macquarib.  Lachlan  Macquaiie,  at  one  time 
Governor  of  New  South  Wales,  died  in  London 
July  1,  1824. 

Maoick.  William  Magick  died,  aged  108, 
June  16,  1860. 

Mann.  Charles  Mann,  Commissioner  of  the 
Court  of  Insolvency,  South  Australia^  died  May 
24,  1860. 

Marsden.  Rev.  Samuel  Marsden  died  at 
Windsor,  aeed  73,  May  12,  1838.  [Buried  at 
Pairamatta.] 


Marsdbn.  Bev.  Samuel  Manden,  formerly 
senior  Chaplain  of  New  South  Wales,  died  May 
12,  1858. 

Marsh.  Heniy  Marsh,  an  extensiw  squatter 
in  New  South  Wales,  died  October  10,  1871. 

Martin.  Rev.  G.  Martin,  nastor  of  the  Col- 
lins-street Baptist  Church,  Melboome,  died 
February  3,  1877. 

MAsrrER.  Charles  Chester  Master,  Lieut.  58th 
Regiment,  and  aide-de-camp  to  His  EUceUency 
Sir  Charles  Fitzroy,  Governor  of  New  South 
Wales,  killed  by  l>eing  thrown  firom  a  carriage 
with  Lady  Mary  Fitzroy;  aged  27  years. 
December  7,  1847. 

Medas.  Hon.  William  Harvey  Medaa, 
M.L.C.,  died  at  Melbourne,  November:  1,  1874. 

Merlin.  Beaufoy  Merlin,  weU-known  pho- 
tographer, died  in  Sydney,  September  27,  1873. 

Meyrick.  Dr.  Joseph  Meyrick  shot  by  a 
lunatic,  December  19,  1844. 

MiLFORD.  Mr.  Justice  Milford  died  at  Mait- 
Lmd,  N.S.W.,  May  19,  1865. 

Mitchell.  Sir  Thomas  Livingstone  MitchelL 
at  one  time  Surveyor  General  of  New  South 
Wales,  died  at  Darling  Point,  Sydney,  October 
5,  1855. 

MoFFiTT.  William  Moffitt  (bookseller),  old 
colonist,  died  at  Sydney,  worth  £500,000,  July 
31,  1874. 

Morrill.  James  Morrill  (for  many  years 
with  Australian  blacks),  died  October  30,  1865. 

Morris.  J.  R.  Morris,  for  many  years 
Manager  of  the  Bank  of  Australia  at  Geeiong, 
Victoria,  died  at  Geeiong,  September  15,  1872. 

MoRT.  T.  S.  Mort,  a  patriotic  Australian 
colonist,  died  at  Bodalla,  N.S.W.,  May  9,  1878. 

MuiR.  Thomas  Muir,  one  of  the  "Scotch 
Martyrs,*'  died  in  France,  September  27,  1798. 

MuNN.  Matthew  A.  Munn,  J. P.,  of  Merim- 
bula,  founder  of  maizena  manufactory,  N.S.W., 
aged  53»  August  11,  1873. 

MuNRO.  Sir  David  Munro,  died  at  Welling- 
ton, N.  Z.,  February  17,  1877. 

Murphy.  Risht  Bev.  Francis  Murphy,  D.D., 
first  Roman  CaUiolic  Bishop  of  Adelaide,  died 
April  26,  1858. 

Murray.  Sir  Terence  Aubrey  Murray,  Knt, 
for  many  years  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  and  President  of  the  Legislative 
Council  of  New  South  Wales,  died  June  22, 1873. 

MusoRAVE.  Death  through  scalds  received 
on  October  9  of  Joyce  Harriet  Musgrave,  only 
daughter  of  the  Gt>vemor  of  South  Australia, 
October  11,  1874. 

Nathak.  Isaac  Nathan,  musician,  acci- 
dentally killed  whilst  getting  out  of  a  tramway- 
car  in  ^itt-street,  Sydney,  July,  1863. 

Nathak.  Charles  Nathan,  F.R.C.&,  died 
September,  1872. 

Nichols.  Isaac  Nichols  died.  Hewaathe 
first  postmaster  in  New  South  Wales,  but  prior  to 
that  ne  was  the  principal  superintendent  of  con- 
victs.   He  was  also  proprietor  of  several  oolonial 


OBITUARY. 


189 


TeaaeU,  some  of  which  were  built  in  hiB  Bhip- 
yafd,  of  which  he  was  oi<aier  and  manager.  To 
testify  their  appreciation  of  his  work,  the  civil 
and  military  officers,  as  wc41  as  the  inhabitants 
generally,  attended  his  obsequies.     1819. 

Nichols.  Geoi^e  Robert  Nichols,  many  years 
ft  leading  solicitor  of  Sydney,  died,  1857.  [See 
Biography.] 

Nicholson.  John  Nicholson,  J. P.,  of  Little 
Plains,  fiombala,  died  February  22,  1879. 

NoBLK.  Mr.  Noble  murdered  in  his  house,  in 
Okrence-street,  by  three  convicts,  May  26, 
1844. 

NoKL.  Mr.  Francis  M.  Noel,  of  H.M.S. 
"Calliope,"  drovmed  off  Sydney  Heads,  No- 
vember 12,  1852. 

O'Brien.  William  Smith  O'Brien,  Irish 
patriot,  died,  1864. 

O'CoNNELL.  Lieutenant-Governor  Sir  Maurice 
O'Connell,  for  many  years  Commander  of  the 
Forces,  N.S.W.,  died,  1848. 

O'Connell.  Sir  Maurice  Charles  O'Connell, 
K.C.M.6.,  Speaker  Queensland  Parliament,  died 
March  23,  1879. 

O'Grady.  Michael  O'Grady,  M.L.A.,  died 
at  Hawthorn,  near  Melbourne,  Victoria,  aged 
51  years.  [He  was  M.L.A.  for  ViUiers  and 
He3rte8bury,  and  Commissioner  for  Public  Workp 
in  the  Sladen  Ministry  in  1868,  and  Commis- 
sioner for  Public  Works  in  the  Dufify  Ministry, 
1871.]  ^  ^ 

Oatley.  James  Oatley,  an  old  resident  and 
an  Alderman  of  the  City  of  Sydney,  died,  aged 
61,  January  1,  1879. 

Ogilvt.  John  Spence  Ogilvy  died  suddenly, 
December  12,  1871.  [He  was  an  Elder  of  the 
Key.  Georse  Mackie's  church  at  Melbourne. 
Pastor  and  Elder  died  on  same  day.] 

Oliver.  Lieutenant  T.  H.  Oliver  drowned  at 
Perth,  Western  Australia,  July  5,  1862. 

Onus.  Joseph  Onus  died  at  Richmond,  New 
South  Wales,  aged  54,  June  22,  1835. 

Onus.  Thomas  and  Joseph  Onus,  two  sons 
of  Joseph  Onus,  died,  aged  respectively  33  and 
35,  1855. 

Orleans.  Louis  D'Orleans,  Prince  de  QOnde, 
died  at  "Potty's  Hotel,"  Sydney,  May  24,  1866. 

Ormerod.  George  Ormerod,  a  well-known 
merchant  of  Adelaide,  died  April  11,  1872. 

Osborne.  James  Osborne  killed  by  the  acci- 
dental discharge  of  a  revolver,  at  the  Union 
Club,  Sydney,  April  11,  1877. 

Ovens.  Brigade-Major  John  Ovens,  of  the 
57th  Regiment,  died  in  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  aged 
37,  December  7,  1825.  [He  was  buried  on 
Garden  Lsland,  Port  Jackson,  Sydney.] 

Owen.  Hon.  Robert  Owen,  M.L.C.,  an  old 
and  respected  colonist,  died  in  Sydney,  Novem- 
ber 25,  1878. 

OxLEY.  Mr.  Oxley,  Surveyor-General,  died, 
Hay  25,  1828.  [His  services  greatly  tended  to 
bring  to  light  the  capabilities  of  the  colony.] 


Palmer.  Sir  James  F.  Palmer,  formerly 
President  of  the  Legislative  Council,  Victoria, 
died  April  23,  1871. 

Park.  Hon.  Alexander  Park,  M.L.C.,  died 
at  Lewinsbrook,  Patterson  River,  N.S.W.,  aged 
65,  July  21,  1873. 

Parker.  Hush  Parker,  a  much  respected 
resident  of  Melbourne,  and  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  R.  Goldsbrough  and  Co.,  died,  July  4, 
1878. 

Paterson.  J.  C.  Paterson,  at  one  time  editor 
of  the  ArffuSf  and  who  was  long  connected  with 
the  Australian  Press,  died  in  New  Zealand, 
April,  1879. 

Peacock.  William  Peacock  died  at  Adelaide, 
January  20,  1874. 

Pell.  Morris  Birkbeck  Pell,  Professor  of 
Mathematics,  died  at  Sydney,  aged  52,  May  7» 
1879. 

Perkins.  James  Perkins,  brewer,  of  Too- 
woomba,  killed  through  a  fall  from  his  horse, 
August  10,  1876. 

Petrie.  Andrew  Petrie,  an  old  colonist  of 
Queensland,  died,  aged  73,  February,  1872. 
[He  went  to  Moreton  Bay  in  the  first  steamer 
that  ever  entered  it.] 

Pbttett.  Hon.  William  Pettett,  M.L.C.  for 
the  Southern  Province  of  Victoria,  died  Novem- 
ber, 1871. 

Phelps.  Captain  J.  S.  Phelps,  of  Gostwyck, 
Paterson  River,  killed  in  New  Zealand  war, 
aged  34,  1863. 

Pillars.  Rev.  James  Pillars,  Unitarian 
minister,  killed  by  falling  from  a  cliff  at  South 
Head,  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  aged  40  years,  July 
31,  1875. 

Prrr.  Elizabeth  Pitt,  wife  of  Thomas  M. 
Pitt,  died,  aged  39,  January  1,  1821. 

Pitt.  Thomas  Matcham  Pitt,  a  well-known 
Hawkesbury  settler,  died,  aged  39,  Aug.  28, 1821. 

PoHLMAK.  Judge  Pohlman,  County  Court 
Judge,  Victoria,  died,  aged  66,  Dec.  6,  1877. 

PoLDiNO.  Most  Rev.  John  Bede  Polding, 
Roman  Catholic  Archbishop  of  Sydney,  aged 
83  years,  March  16,  1877.  [His  funeral  was  the 
largest  one  that  ever  took  place  in  Sydney — 
20,000  persons  attended.] 

PoTTiNOER.  Sir  Frederick  Pottinger,  Bart., 
J. P.,  an  inspector  of  the  New  South  Wales 
police,  died  at  Sydney  from  the  effects  of  a 

Eistol-shot  accidentally  received  a  short  time 
efore,  at  Lapstone  Hill,  near  Penrith,  while 
travelling  from  Forbes  to  Sydney,  April  9, 
1865. 

Power.  Hon.  T.  H.  Power  died  at  Haw- 
thorn, Victoria,  December  28, 1873. 

PuRVES.  James  Purves,  an  old  Victorian 
colonist,  died  June  12,  1878. 

Pyke.  Captain  John  Pyke,  formerly  of  the 
73rd  Regiment,  but  afterwards  a  settler  near 
Merton,  on  the  Hunter,  died  at  Tours,  France, 
1863.  [He  bequeathed  large  simis  in  charity  to 
various  colonial  institutions.] 


IftO 


OBJTUABT. 


QuAiFE.  Tka  B0V.  B>na1lM  Quaife,  a  much 
esteemed  litecary  man,  died  March  3,  1873. 

Rabone.  Rev.  S.  Rabone,  Wealeyan  minis- 
ter, died  in  Sydney,  July  21,  1872. 

Rahsden.  Mr.  Samuel  Ramsden  died,  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1877. 

Raphael.  J.  G.  Raphael  died  at  Sydney  on 
February  2,  1879,  aged  62.  [He  was  noted  for 
his  benevolence  towards  charitable  institutions. 
He  was  director  of  several  institutions  for  the 
relief  of  distressed  persons.] 

Ray.  Mr.  N.  J.  Ray,  the  well-known  Aus- 
tralian actor,  died  at  Adelaide,  S.A.,  May  6, 
1875. 

Raymoxd.  At  Orwell  House,  Macleay-street, 
Sydney,  Robert  Peel  Raymond,  Postmaster- 
General  of  New  South  Wales,  May  9,  1851. 

Reilly.  Hugh  Arthur  Reilly,  commander  of 
H.M.S.S.  "  Pioneer,"  killed  near  Bowen  by  his 
horse  running  against  a  tree,  July  9,  1862. 

Reynolds.  Mr.  Charles  Reynolds,  of  Tocal, 
K.S.W.,  died  consequent  upon  a  fall  from  his 
horse,  September  15,  1871. 

RiCHABDSON.  John  Richardson,  M.L.A.  for 
Geelong  East,  Victoria,  died,  aged  G7  yeais, 
March  12,  1876. 

Richardson.  Sir  John  L.  C.  Richardson, 
President  Legislative  Council,  N.  Z.,  died  De- 
cember 6,  1878. 

Ridley.  Rev.  W.  Ridley,  M.A.,  a  highly 
respected  clergyman  and  journalist,  an  authority 
on  the  aborigmal  hmguage,  died  in  Sydney, 
September  27,  1878. 

Robertson.  William  Robertson,  of  Colac, 
Victoria,  died,  January  18,  1874.  [He  was  bom 
in  Invershire,  Scotland,  1799,  arrived  in  Tas- 
mania, 1822,  and  acquired  considerable  property 
and  valuable  stock  in  Victoria.  ] 

Robertson.  The  Rev.  Anilrew  Robertson, 
Presbyterian  minister  of  West  Melbourne,  died 
January  28,  1875. 

Rogers.  G.  H.  Rogers,  comedian,  one  of 
the  cleverest  actors  that  has  ever  appeared  on 
the  Australian  stage,  died  at  Melbourne,  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1872. 

Rolfe.  Hon.  George  Rolf o,  M.  L.  C. ,  an  active 
and  prominent  citizen  of  Melbourne,  died 
December  18,  1871. 

Ro«s.  Mrs.  J.  Grafton  Ross,  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  John  Fairfax,  died  through  an  accident, 
Sydney,  October  28,  1871. 

Rous.  Rear-Aflmiral  the  Hon.  Henry  John 
Rous,  R.N.,  a  well-known  patron  of  the  turf, 
for  some  years  on  the  Australian  station,  died 
in  England,  aged  82,  1877. 

Rouse.  Richard  Rouse  died,  aged  78,  May 
10,  1852.     [He  arrived  in  the  colony  in  1801.] 

RusDEN.  Rev.  Geoige  Keylock  Rusden  died 
near  Maitland,  N.S.W.,  aged  73,  1859. 

Rcssell.  John  Russell,  a  well-known  musi- 
cian of  Melbourne  and  founder  of  the  Philhar- 
monic Society  of  Melbourne^  died,  July,  1872. 


RvasELL.  The  Rev.  R.  Rasaell,  Preshyteriin 
minister  at  Lnonoefltoo,  Tasmania,  died,  April 
2,  1877. 

RuTLEDOK.  William  Rntledge,  of  Famfaam, 
Warmambool,  Victoria,  died,  aged  70  years, 
June  1,  1876.  [He  was  one  of  the  earhest  and 
most  successful  settlers  in  the  Western  District 
of  Victoria,  and  owned  one  of  the  most  fertile 
properties  in* Australia.  His  wealth  was  sworn 
at  £188,000.] 

Sagar.  John  Temple  Sagar,  an  old  South 
Australian  colonist,  died  at  Fiji,  August  24, 
1872. 

Sands.  John  Samls,  a  much  respected  citizen 
of  Sydney,  died  at  "  Marmion,"  Waverley, 
N.S.  W.,  aged  53,  August  18,  1873. 

Sawyer.  Rt.  Rev.  William  Collinson  Saw- 
yer, drowned  by  the  upsetting  of  a  boat  in  the 
Clarence  River,  March  15,  1868. 

ScHOFiELD.  Rev.  W.  Schofield,  Wesleyan 
minister,  died,  Sydney,  June  9,  1878. 

ScHOLEY.  Mr.  S.  Scholey,  M.L.A.,  N.S.W., 
died  May  13,  1878. 

Selwyn.  Riuht  Rev.  (reot^  Augnstas 
Selwyn,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  lachheld,  England 
(formerly  Bishop  of  X.  Z.),  died,  April  11,  1S7S. 

Shepherd.     William   Shepherd,   of  Darling 
.Nursery,  Sydney,  died,  August  31,  1835. 

Shisl.  Rev.  Laurence  Bonaventure  Shiel, 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Adelaide,  died  March 
I,  1872. 

Simpson.  John  Simpson,  Esq.,  Solicitor- 
General,  New  South  Wales,  died  suddenly, 
October  27,  1829. 

SiNoiJE.  John  Single  died,  aged  66,  January 
28,  1858. 

SiNNETT.  Frederick  Sinnett,  journalist,  died 
at  Kew,  Victoria,  November  23,  1866. 

Smeathman.  Major  Charles  Thomas  Smeath- 
man,  for  many  years  Coroner  of  Sydney, 
died  January  16,  l^io. 

Smith.  Thomas  Smith,  Provost-Marshal 
(who  was  present  at  the  memorable  execution  in 
1803),  died  Deceml^er  20,  1804. 

Smith.  Charles  Smith,  of  Sydney,  died, 
very  much  respectetl ;  funeral  procession  ex- 
tended upwards  of  a  mile.     January  18,  1845. 

Smith.  George  Paton  Smith,  M.L.  A.,  Vic- 
toria, died,  aged  48  years,  December  6, 1877. 

Smith.  John  Thomas  Smith,  M.L.A.,  died 
at  Melbourne,  January  30,  1879. 

Snodgrass.  Colonel  Kenneth  Snodgrass, 
died  at  the  Hunter  River,  October,  1853. 

SoLANDBR.  Dr.  Daniel  Charles  Solander, 
M.D.,  who  saUed  with  Captain  Cook,  died  17^2. 

Sorell.  Colonel  William  Sorell,  fonnerlv 
Cik>vemor  of  Tasmania,  died  in  Kngland,  a^ 
74  years,  1848. 

SowBRBY.  Very  Rev.  William  Sowerby, 
Dean  of  Goulbum,  died  at  Goulbum,  November 
22,  1875. 


OBirUAEY. 


191 


9r.  JuuAK.  Charles  fit.  Julian,  6z*Chief 
Jutioe  of  Fiji»  died  at  Lemka,  Nov.  26, 1874. 

Stack.  Kev.  Canon  Wflliam  Stack  was 
kiU«l  by  being  thrown  from  a  ooach  whilst  on 
ha  way  to  W  Jgefct,  N.S.  W.,  June  13,  1871. 

Stexhodse.  Nicol  Drjsdale  Stenhouse  died 
at  Sydney,  aged  73,  1876. 

STEPHKTi.  John  Stephen,  Esq.,  late  Judge  of 
Supreme  Court,  died  December  21,  1833. 

Stephen.  Montagu  Consett  Stephen,  a  well- 
known  solicitor,  schi  oi  Sir  Alfred  Stephen, 
Lient. -(Governor  of  New  South  Wales,  died  in 
London,  May  19,  1872. 

Stephens.  Hon.  T.  B.  Stephens  died  At 
Brisbane,  August  20,  1877. 

Stiles.  Rev.  Henry  Tarleton  Stiles,  M.A., 
died  at  Windsor,  N.S.W.,  June  22,  1867. 

Stirung.  Sir  James  Stirling,  Lieut  -Governor 
of  Western  Australia,  died  1868. 

Stonehouse.  Rev.  (George  Stonehouse  died 
at  Adelaide,  September  17,  1878. 

Sttjw.  Rev.  Thomas  Quentin  Stow,  first 
Congregational  miniater  at  Adelaide,  S.  A.,  died 
at  Sydney,  aged  61  years,  July  19.  1862. 

Stow.  Randolph  Isham  Stow,  Supreme  Court 
Jndge,  South  Australia,  died  Sept  17,  1878. 

Stkachan.  The  Hon.  James  Ford  Strachan 
died  at  <xeelong,  ased  65  years.  He  built  the 
first  brick  store  in  Melbourne.     April  14,  1875. 

Strzlrcki.  Count  Paul  E.  von  Stndecki, 
Australian  explorer,  died  in  London,  1878. 

Stprt.  Captain  Charles  Sturt,  the  explorer, 
died  Cheltenham,  England,  June  16,  1869. 

SiLLivAN.  J.  F.  Sullivan,  M.L.A.  for  Col- 
lingwooci,  Victoria,  died,  aged  58  years,  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1876.  [He  was  a  member  of  the  first 
and  second  M*Culloch  Governments.] 

SrMMER.s.  Mr.  Charles  Summers,  celebrated 
sculptor,  died  at  Paris,  November  25,  1878. 

SrMNER.  Very  Rev.  J.  B.  Sumner,  O.S.B. 
(Dean),  a  much  esteemed  Roman  Catholic  clerey- 
mau,  a  relative  of  Archbishop  Sumner,  anu  a 
conv(;rt  to  the  Catholicism,  died  at  Subiaco, 
near  Parramatta,  N.S.W.,  October  17,  1871. 

SrTHERL.VND.  Forby  Sutherland,  the  first 
British  subject  that  died  in  New  South  Wales, 
was  a  seaman  of  Cook's  expedition  ;  he  was 
buried  on  a  point  at  Botany  Bay,  now  called 
Point  SutherUnd.     May  1,  1770. 

SrrroR.  Mr.  W.  H.  Suttor,  of  Bathnrst, 
New  South  Wales,  died  October  20,  1877. 

Sydbr,  Dr.  Mingaye  Syiler,  a  very  old  prac- 
titioner, died  at  Geelong,  October  15,  1871. 

iSyxnott.  Monckton  Synnott,  a  well-known 
Victorian  wool  broker,  died  April  24,  1879. 

Taylor.  Thomas  Taylor,  an  old  colonist  of 
South  Australia,  died  March  11,  1872. 

Terry.  Samuel  Terry  died  February  22, 
18:^8.  [The  contents  of  his  will  having  been 
made  known,  it  was  found  that  he  had  died 
worth  half  a  million  in  real  and  personal  estate 
in  Sydney]. 


Thbkry.  Rev.  J.  J.  Therry,  B.C.,  died  at 
Baknatn,  N.S.W.,  May  25, 1864. 

Thkrry.  Sir  Eog«r  Therry,  formerly  a 
Judse  in  the  Supreme  Court,  New  South  Wales, 
died  in  London,  May  7,  1874. 

Thx&ry.  Lady  Therry,  wife  of  Sir  Roger 
Therry,  died  May  27,  1874. 

Thomas.  Robert  Thomaa,  newspaper  pro- 
prietor, Adelaide,  died,  July  1,  1860. 

Thomas.  Mr.  Wm.  Kyffin  Thomas,  pro- 
prietor iSfoutfi  ^us^ro/fton  Betfister,  died  July  4, 
1878. 

THOMPfWN.  Archibald  Thompson,  merchant, 
of  Sydney,  and  Retuming-offioer  for  the  elec- 
torate of  East  Sydney,  died  in  Tasmania,  Feb. 
22,  1879. 

Thomson.  Professor  Alexander  Morrison 
Thomson,  of  the  Sydney  University,  died,  1871. 

Thomson.  Rev.  Adam  Thomson,  Presby- 
terian clergyman,  died  at  Sydney,  Nov.  8,  1874. 

Thorn.  Mr.  George  Thorn,  an  old  and  much 
respected  colonist,  and  founder  of  Ipswich, 
Queensland,  died  in  that  town  April  25,  1876. 

Throsby.    Charles  Throsby,  died  April,  1828. 

Town.  John  Town,  senior,  died,  aged  77, 
October  27,  1846. 

Town.  Mary  Durham  Town,  of  Richmond, 
died  in  Sydney,  aged  13,  June  16,  1878. 

Towns.  Captain  Robert  Towns,  an  old  colonist 
of  New  South  Wales,  died  April  11,  1873. 

TowNS£ND.  Maude  Townsend,  of  Nangunia 
Station,  near  Corowa,  N.S.W.,  died  from  the 
effects  of  a  kick  of  a  horse,  April  11,  1879. 

Traill.  Rowland  T.  Traill,  M.D.,  a  cele- 
brated woolgrower,  died  at  CoUaroy,  Merriwa, 
aged  58  years,  August  16,  1873. 

Trucannini.  Trucannini,  the  last  of  the 
Tasmanian  natives,  died  May  8,  1876. 

TuLK.  Augustus  H.  Tillk,  Librarian,  Mel- 
bourne Public  Library,  September  1,  1873. 

Tyrrell.  Right  Rev.  William  Tyrrell,  D.D., 
Bishop  of  Newcastle,  N.S.W.,  died  March  24, 
1879. 

Vial.  William  Vial,  who  captured  OTarrell, 
the  would-be  assassin  of  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh, 
died  August  5,  1878. 

Vidal.  Rev.  Canon  George  Vidal  died  at  sea 
between  Melbourne  and  Sydney,  Jan.  10,  1878. 

Walker.  Rev.  James  Walker,  M.A.,  died 
at  Liverpool,  N.S.W.,  October,  1864. 

Wallace.  William  Vincent  Wallace,  the 
oomposer,  died  at  Paris,  October  12,  1^665. 

Ward.  The  Rev.  Robert  Ward,  the  first 
Primitive  Methodist  who  orossed  the  Equator, 
died  at  Wellington,  N.Z.,  October  13,  1876. 

Wardell.  Dr.  Wardell  shot  on  his  estate, 
Petersham,  September,  7,  1834. 

Wardley.  Dr.  Wardley,  superintendent  of 
Parramatta  Lunatic  Asylum,  died  May  21, 1872. 

Watt.  David  Watt,  a  s<^uatter  and  an  old 
resident  of  the  Mudgee  distnct,  died  ^larch  8, 
1879. 


192 


OBSERVATORIES. 


Weabino.  Mr.  Justice  William  Wearing, 
of  South  Auttralia,  wrecked  in  the  *'Oothen- 
berg"  steamer,  off  Queensland,  Febmaty  25, 
1876. 

Webster.  Captain  Webster,  Governor  of 
Darlinghurst  Gaol,  died,  aged  47 ;  Mr.  Beverley 
appointed  to  the  vacant  post.     March  31, 1854. 

Wblman.  Major  Webnan  died  at  Lannceston, 
Tasmania ;  he  was  an  old  colonist  and  a  veteran 
soldier.    May,  18^. 

Wentworth.  Mr.  D'Arcy  Wentworth  died 
Sydney,  July  7,  1827.  [He  emigrated  to  the 
colony  30  years  previously  (1797) ;  was  premier 
magistrate  and  principal  surgeon  at  head-quar- 
ters. As  a  justice,  it  is  recorded,  his  conduct 
was  marked  by  impartiality ;  and  as  a  public  man 
he  blended  the  political  virtue  of  loyalty  and 
independence.] 

Wentworth.  William  Charles  Wentworth 
died  at  Winbonme,  in  Dorsetshire,  aged  80, 
March  20,  1872.  [He  was  bom  at  Norfolk 
Island  about  the  year  1792,  was  educated  in 
New  South  Wales,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  men  of  tiie  day.] 

West.  Rev.  John  West,  editor  of  the  Sidney 
Morning  Herald,  died  in  Sydney,  December  11, 
1873. 

Wettenhoe.  Robert  Wettenhoe,  Commander 
R.N.,  died  at  Warranoothe,  Victoria,  aged  86, 
July  6,  1877. 

White.     Mr.  John  White  died  March  1, 1835. 

White.  R.  R  White,  R.A.M.,  a  well- 
known  musician  of  South  Australia,  accidentally 
drowned,  June,  1872. 

White.  lAban  White,  an  old  colonist,  and 
Returning  Officer,  died  at  Windsor,  aged  80, 
September  5,  1873. 

WnrrE.  Francis  White,  M.L.A.,  died  at 
New  England,  May  4,  1875. 

Whitehurst.  John  Whitehurst,  who  arrived 
in  the  "  First  Fleet"  died,  aged  99,  1875. 

WiGLBY.  H.  R.  Wigley,  first  Police  Magis- 
trate and  Commissioner  of  Insolvency  at 
Adelaide,  South  Australia,  died  October  19, 1876. 

Wild.  William  V.  Wild,  Barrister-at-Law, 
died  May  25,  1861. 

WiLKiE.  Captain  J.  L.  Wilkie  died  at 
Lambing  Flat,  N.S.W.,  February  1,  1862. 

William.^.  John  Williams,  missionary,  killed 
at  Erromanga,  November  12,  1839. 

Willis.  J.  Walpole  Willis,  first  Supreme 
Court  Judge,  Port  Phillip,  died  in  England, 
1877. 

Wills.  William  John  WilU,  the  explorer, 
died  at  Cooper's  Creek  about  June  26,  1861. 

Wills.  Thomas  Wills,  of  Willsmere,  Kew, 
Victoria,  died,  aged  72,  July,  1872. 

WiLMOT.  Sir  John  C.  Eardley  Wilmot, 
formerly  Governor  of  Tasmania,  died  at  Hobart 
Town,  February  3,  1847. 

WiLMOT.  Dr.  W.  B.  Wilmot,  first  coroner  in 
Melbourne,  died  November  8,  1874. 


Wilson.  The  Rev.  James  Yelverton  WilBon. 
[For  33  years  a  minister  in  Victoria  ;  he  inaa- 
gurated  St.  Peter's  Church,  Melbourne,  and  held 
the  first  services  in  that  parish  in  1841,  and  in 
1841-42  in  Brighton,  Richmond,  Northoote, 
Heidelberg,  Geelong,  Portland,  &c.]  Died  Jan. 
20,  1875,  aged  63  years. 

Wilson.  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  proprietor  of 
Melbourne  Argus,  died  in  England,  Januaiy  10, 
1878. 

Wincjh.  William  Winch,  of  Turf  celebrity, 
died  at  Melbourne,  March  8,  1875. 

Windeyer.  Hon.  Richard  Windeyer,  died 
Launceston,  Tasmania,  December  3,  1847. 

Windeyer.  Charles  Windeyer,  died  in 
N.S.W.,  1865. 

Winter.  John  Winter,  an  old  colonist,  died 
at  Ballarat,  Victoria,  August  23,  1875.  [He 
received  for  the  Winter's  Freehold  Mine  £50,000, 
which  sum  he  stipulated  should  be  uaid  in 
sovereigns.  Bom  in  Berkshire,  England,  1805 ; 
came  to  Australia,  1841.] 

Wise.  Mr.  Justice  Edward  Wise,  New  Soath 
Wales  Supreme  Court,  died  at  St.  Kilda,  Mel- 
bourne, September  28,  1865. 

Wiseman.  Captain  Charles  Wiseman  died 
in  Sydney,  aged  62,  September  26,  1873. 

WooLFREY.  Rev.  Henry  Norbert  Woolfrey, 
Roman  Catholic  clergyman,  at  Waverley,  near 
Sydney,  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  73  years, 
March  13,  1872. 

WooLLEY.  Rev.  John  Woolley,  D.  D. ,  wrecked 
in  steamship  "London,"  Bay  ^Biscay,  January 
11,  1866. 

Wright.  W.  H.  Wright,  Sheriff  of  the 
Central  Bailiwick,  Victoria,  who  for  a  great 
number  of  years  occupied  high  official  positions 
in  the  colony,  died  February  1,  1877. 

Wyndham.  Mr.  George  Wyndham,  the 
eminent  grazier  and  vigneron,  of  Dalwood  and 
Bukulla,  N.  S.  W. ,  died,  aged  71 .  Mr.  Wyndham 
had  been  a  resident  of  the  colony  for  40  years. 
December  24,  1870. 

Young.  Mr.  Charles  Young,  comedian,  died 
at  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  January  24, 1874. 

Young.  Governor  Young,  Tasmania,  died 
September  18,  1870. 

OBSERVATORIES. 

A  sketch  of  Sydney  Cove,  Port  Jackson,  in- 
cludes a  view  of  the  first  Observatory,  Jnly, 
1878.  [It  is  thus  described  at  page  126  of 
««Phillip*s  Voyage  to  New  South  Wales"  :-''0n 
that  pomt  that  lorms  the  west  side  of  the  Cove, 
and  on  an  elevated  spot,  a  small  Observatory 
has  been  raised  under  tne  direction  of  Lieatenant 
Dawes,  who  was  charged  by  the  Board  of  Lon* 
gitude  with  the  care  of  observing  the  expected 
comet.  The  longitude  of  this  observatory  is  as- 
certained to  be  159  deg.  19  min.  30  sec.  east  from 
Greenwich,  and  the  latitude  32  deg.  52  min.  30 
sec.  south."] 


OCEAN  STEAM  SERVICE— PAMPHLET. 


193 


ObBenratory  bailt  at  Pamunatta^  under  the 
inffpection  of  Sir  T.  Brisbane,  1822. 

Charles  Luia  Rumker  appointed  Goyernment 
Astronomer  at  Parramatta,  N.  S.  W.,  December 
27. 1827. 

James  Dunlop  appointed  Superintendent  of 
the  Obeeryatory  at  Parramatta,  November  II, 
1831. 

Parramatta  Observatory  dosed,  1847. 

An  Observatory  was  erected  at  WiUiamstown, 
Victoiia,  1853.  [A  temporary  one  had  been 
eected  on  Flagstaff  Hill,  Melbourne,  in  1858, 
▼hich  was  afterwards  removed  to  the  building 
specially  built  for  observatory  purposes  on  the 
south  aide  of  the  Yarra  Yarra.  According  to  the 
latest  computation,  the  position  of  these  Obser- 
Tatories  ia  as  follows  : — 


Latitude  8. 


Irongttude  E. 

144  64  42 

144  58  16 
144  58  42 


WUliamstownOlMerTatory..    87  62    7 

Hantaff  Obflervatory 87  48  45 

Melboarne  Obaen-atory 37  49  58 

A^TBONOXERS :  Australia — 

Henry  C.  Russell,  New  South  Wales. 

John  Tebbutt  (amateur),  Windsor,  N.S.  W. 

R.  L.  J.  Ellery,  Victoria. 

Charles  Todd,  CM.,  South  Australia. 

J.  M'DonneU,  Queensland. 

Mr.  H.  C.  Russell,  Government  Astronomer, 
New  South  Wales,  announced  that  the  longi- 
tude of  the  Sydney  Observatory  was  10  h.  4  m. 
30-8  8.  earlier  than  that  of  London,  May  6, 1878. 

OCEAN  STEAM  SERVICE.  InteUigence  re- 
o&ived  that  a  company  had  been  formed  in 
SogUnd  to  carry  out  steam  communication 
between  England  and  the  Colonies,  and  that  the 
GoTemment  encoi^aged  the  project.    1847. 

O'CONNELL  CENTENARY,  celebrated  at 
Sidney,  Melbourne,  and  Brisbane.  Archbishop 
^aaehan  delivered  an  oration  at  the  Exhibition 
building,  Sydney,  August  6,  1875. 

O'CONNELL,  Ladt,  the  heroic  daughter  of 
Govemor  Bligh, — who  was  married  first  to 
Lieutenant  Putland  of  H.M.S.  "Porpoise" 
(who  died  in  Sydney,  January,  1808),  and 
secondly,  in  Januaiy,  1810,  to  Lieutenant, 
afterwards  Sir  Maurice,  O'ConneU, — died  in 
England,  1864. 

O'CONNELL,  Lieutenant. 

Arrived  with  large  detachment  of  73rd  Regi- 
ment, in  H. M.S.  "  Dromedary"  and  H.M.S. 
"Hindostan,"  December  28,  1809. 

Lieutenant  0*Connell  married  to  Mrs.  Putland 
(the  faithful  and  heroic  daughter  of  Governor 
Bligh,  who  confronted  the  soldiers  when  they 
came  to  arrest  her  father),  May  3, 1810. 

Headquarters  of  the  73rd  Regiment,  with 
Lieutenant  and  Lady  O'Connell^  sailed  for  Cey- 
lon, April  6,  1814. 

ODDFELLOWS'  SOCIETY,  first  established  in 
the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  February  24, 
1836.  Foundation  stone  new  hall,  Elizabeth- 
street,  Sydney,  laid  by  Hon.  John  Sutherland 
November  19,  1870 ;  hall  opened  May  24,  1871. 

n 


OPALS.  Opal  mine  discovered  in  Queensland^ 
near  the  head  of  the  Bulla  Cieek,  south  of  the 
Barooo.     1870. 

ORANGE,  Cultivation  of  the,  introduced  into 
New  South  Wales  by  Rev.  Richard  Johnson  at 
Kissing  Point,  from  seeds  obtained  at  Bio 
Janeiro,  May,  1718. 

ORPHAN  SCHOOLS. 

Female  Orphan  School  founded  by  Governor 
King,  October,  1800. 

Female  Orphan  School  established  at  Parra- 
matta, February  17,  1801. 

Female  Orpmm  School  removed  to  New  Or- 
phan Asylum,  Parramatta,  June  30,  1818. 

Orphan  School  for  boys  opened  in  Sydney. 
January  1,  1819. 

Roman  Catholic  Orphanage  established  in 
New  South  Wales  by  Rev.  J.  J.  Therry,  1834. 

OTAGO,  founded  by  the  arrival  of  the  **  Philip  a/,  tl  . 
Lang"  and  "John  Wickliflf,"  engaged  ships  of  ♦■^^. 
Free  Church  Association  of  Scotland,  March  23,    •'^"^ 
1848. 

OVENS,  John,  Brigade-Major  of  the  67th  Reci- 
ment»  bom  at  St.  Catherine,  county  Fermanagh, 
Ireland,  was  educated  for  the  Church  but  pro- 
cured an  Enaigncy  in  the  73rd  regiment  in  1808; 
arrived  in  New  South  Wales  in  1810,  when  he 
was  appointed  Engineer  by  Governor  Macquarie. 
In  1811  he  returned  to  England  and  exchanged 
into  the  74th  Regiment  then  in  Spain.  He  was 
dangerously  wounded  at  the  Battle  of  Vittoria, 
and  on  his  recovery  was  taken  as  extra  aide-de- 
camp to  Major-General  Brisbane  on  whose  staff 
he  continued  during  the  whole  of  the  Peninsular 
war.  In  1821  he  accompanied  his  General  to 
New  South  Wales,  to  whom  he  was  Brisade- 
Major,  En^neer  and  Private  Secretary,  till  the 
close  of  His  Excellency's  government  on  Dec.  1 , 
1 825.  He  died,  aged  37  years,  December  7, 1 825. 
He  was  buried  on  Garden  Island,  Port  Jackson. 

OVENS  RrvEB,  discovered  by  Hume  and 
Hovell,  and  named  in  honour  of  Major  Ovens, 
November  24,  1824. 

OXLEY    [Set  Australian  Land  Explorers.] 


P. 

PALMER,  John  P.,  of  Ballarat,  took  out  writs 
against  members  of  the  Legislative  Council,  Vic- 
toria, claiming  £252,000  penalties  for  illegally 
sitting  and  voting  in  that  chamber.  November 
29,  1877. 

PALMER,  John,  Assistant  Commissary  Gene- 
ral, who  came  to  the  colony  with  the  first  fleet, 
died,  aged  73,  1833. 

PAMPHLET,  Thomas,  with  Thomas  Thomp- 
son, Parsons,  and  Finnegan,  left  Sydney  in  a  small 
coasting  craft,   March  21,  1823,  to  procure  a 


194 


PANDORA— PAKLIAMENT. 


OMgo  of  oedar  at  niawarra.  A  storm  aroM,  and 
they  wera  driveQ  out  to  sea ;  on  the  sizteentii 
day,  Thompson,  who  became  raving  mad  lor 
the  want  of  water,  died,  and  on  the  twenty- 
fourth  day  they  reached  hmd.  They  imagxned 
tkoy  were  to  the  south  of  Sydney  Harbour,  but 
they  had  been  driven  to  the  north,  and  after 
touching  land  they  travelled  on  in  a  noHherly 
direction  as  far  as  Moreton  Bay.  Pamphlet  and 
Finnegan  remained  with  the  Moreton  Siay  blacks 
^ye  months,  until  they  were  discovered  by 
Lieutenant  Oxleyin  the  "Mermaid."  Pamphlet 
tiien  informed  Oxley  of  the  existence  of  the 
Brisbane  River.    November  29,  1823. 

PANDORA,  Captain  Edwards,  which  had  been 
sent  out  to  search  for  the  mutineers  of  the 
"Bounty,"  succeeded  in  capturing  fourteen — 
that  is  all  but  Jiine.  Two  had  died.  Returning 
with  them  to  England  the  *' Pandora"  was 
wrecked  on  the  Australian  coast  on  August  29, 
1791.  Thirty-one  of  the  ship's  crew  and  four  of 
the  mutineers  of  the  ''Bounty'*  were  drowned. 
Eighty-nine  of  the  "Pandora's"  crew  and  ten 
pnsoners  were  saved.     [See  Bounty.] 

PARLIAMENT. 

The  first  Lesislative  Council,  New  South 
Wales,  opened  August  11,  1824.  [Names  of  first 
members :  Wm.  Stewart,  Lieutenant-Governor ; 
Francis  Forbes,  Chief  Justice ;  Frederick  Goul- 
bum.  Colonial  Secretary ;  John  Oxley,  Surveyor- 
General  ;  James  Bowman,  Principal  Colonial 
Surgeon  ;  John  Macarthur,  of  Camden.] 

Tub  FIB8T  Act  of  Partjamknt  passed  ik 
Australia  was  an  Act  to  make  promissory  notes 
and  biUs  of  exchange  payable  in  Spanish  dollars 
available  as  if  such  notes  and  bills  had  been 
drawn  payable  in  sterling  money  of  the  realm. 
September  28,  1824. 

The  first  Executive  Council  of  Tasmania  nom- 
inated, the  population  amounting  at  the  time  to 
12,000.     1825. 

New  Executive  Council  appointed,  N.  S.  W., 
consisting  of  Frederick  Goulbum,  Colonial  Secre- 
tary ;  Fnmcis  Forbes,  Chief  Justice ;  Saxe  Bannis- 
ter, Attomey-Grenend ;  John  Stephen,  Solicitor- 
General  and  Commissioner  Court  of  Requests ; 
JohnMackaness,  Sheriff;  John  Carter,  Master  in 
Equity ;  D*Arcy  Wentworth,  Police  Magistrate 
of  Sydney.     December  20,  1825. 

Archdeacon  Scott,  Alexander  Macleay,  Robert 
Campbell  (sen.),  and  Charles  Throsby,  appointed 
to  the  new  Legislative  Council  by  Governor 
Barling,  1825. 

List  of  Members  of  the  legislative  Council  of 

New  South  Wales,  appointed  March,  1828  : — 

Francis  Forbes,  Chief  Justice. 

The  Officer  next  in  command  to  the  Oommonder  of  the 

Forces  in  New  South  Wales. 
The  Venerable  Thomas  Hobbes  Scott,  Archdeacon. 
Alexander  Macleay,  Esq.,  Colonial  Secretary. 
John  Macarthur,  Esq. 
Robert  Campbell  (sciiior),  Esq. 
Charles  Throsby. 

Royal  Charter  received,  appointing  New  Exe- 
cutive and  Legislative  Council.     Executive  : — 


The  Venco'able  Archdeacon  Soott,  the  Golonul 
Secretary,  and  Colonel  liindesay  (34th  R^)t 
who  with  the  f oUowing  formed  also  the  Legis- 
la^ve  Council : — 

Francis  Forbes,  Chief  Justice. 

Alex.  Macduff  Baxter,  Attomey^fleneraL 

Michael  Colley  Cotton,  OollBetor  of  Oosloaw. 

William  Litbgow,  Auditor^Gencral. 

John  Macarthur. 

Robert  Campbell. 

Alexander  Berry. 

Richard  Jones. 

John  Blaxland. 

Captain  Phillip  Pailcer  Kins^ 

Edward  Charles  Close. 

Governor  Daittog,  as  PresideBt. 

Captain  King  being  absent  from  the  colony, 
John  Thomas  Campbell  was  appointed  tempo- 
rarily to  fill  his  place.    July  13,  1829. 

The  New  Council  commenced  its  Legislative 
labours,  Au^st  21,  1829.  [In  this  session  a  bill 
for  institutmg  Courts  of  Jurisdiction,  to  be 
called  Courts  of  Bequests,  in  diiSerent  parts  of 
the  Colony,  was  passed  ;  a  bill  for  the  slaughter- 
ing of  cattle,  and  a  Jury  bill,  were  also  passed. 
In  this  last-mentioned  bill  the  much-debated  and 
momentous  question  of  qualification  was  dealt 
with.] 

Archdeacon  Broughton  sworn  in  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Coimcil,  September  22, 
1829. 

John  George  Gibbes,  Collector  of  Customs, 
nominated  member  of  the  Legislative  Council, 
November  19,  1834. 

^St,  John  Blaxland  objected  to  certain  items 
of  expenditure,  and,  in  his  plaoe  in  the  Council 
at  this  time,  entered  *'  protests."  Amonc  the 
items  protested  against  were  the  salary  of  the 
Colonial  Secretarjr,  which  was  dB2,000  per 
annum,  the  reduction  of  which  he  proposed  to 
£1,500;  the  salary  of  the  resident  at  New 
Zealand,  £500  per  annum ;  the  salary  of  the 
Archdeacon,  £2,000  (to  be  reduced  to  £1,000). 
These  *' protests"  were  entered  in  tiie  minutes 
of  the  Council,  and  copies  transmitted  to  the 
Secretary  of  State.     1834. 

Important  measures  were  passed  in  the  Legis- 
lative Council,  1834.  [Tliey  were  :— Fixine  the 
rate  of  interest  recoverable  in  the  Courts  oi  the 
colony  at  eight  per  cent. ;  an  Act  to  remove  all 
doubts  as  to  the  legality  of  marriages  by  Boman 
Catholic  and  Presoyterian  ministers  ;  all  lands 
that  had  been  granted  by  the  Crown  to  the 
Church  and  School  Corporation  having  reTerted 
to  His  Majesty,  the  income  of  such  l^ds  to  be 
appropriated  m  discharging  the  expenses  of  the 
Chrpluui  Schools,  and  to  the  general  education  of 
the  youth  of  the  colony.] 

Measures  adopted  at  the  sittings  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council : — ^Reduction  of  the  rate  of  post- 
age on  letters,  and  the  postac^  on  colonial  news- 
papers abolished  ;  a  Court  of  criminal  jurisdic- 
tion at  Norfolk  Island  instituted  as  occasion 
mi^ht  require  ;  a  sum  of  £55,040  voted  for  the 
mamtenance  of  the  police  and  gaol  establish- 
ments, and  for  a  certain  portion  of  the  colonial 
marine.  (Before  this  time  the  expenses  of  these 


PABLIAHENT. 


m 


«tiHirfimftnt»  were  peid  by  the  Imperial  Gov- 
it.)    It  wae  onnoimced  to  the  House  that 


ihii  mMntfguHioe  of  the  police  and  gaol  estab- 
lUhments  by  the  colony  was  by  command  of  Hia 
Majesty's  GoTenmient,  and  that  Hia  Majesty 
wu  graciouslv  pleased  to  plaee  at  the  disposal 
<if  the  Coimcil  toe  surplus  of  the  land  revenue 
snd  other  casual  revexmes  of  the  Crown,  beyond 
the  soma  impropriated  fcnr  the  assistance  of  emi- 
gniits.  This  was  one  of  the  initiatory  st^fis 
towards  the  establiabment  of  ihe  self -emKUting 
inntem  which  the  cokmy  had  so  long  denred. 
Thia  vote  was  not  passed,  however,  without 
mosition.  It  was  only  carried  by  a  majority 
4H  oae,  there  being  seven  to  aix ;  six  official 
members  and  one  non-official  member  formed 
ibe  majority.     1835. 

The  Legislative  Council  first  thrown  open  to 
the  public  to  hear  the  debates  June  6,  1838. 
[Ud  to  this  time  the  reporters  of  the  Ptbss,  as 
well  as  the  public  at  lai^e,  had  been  excluded. 
From  this  period,  which  was  the  first  Council 
aaaembled  m  Sir  George  Gipps'  administration, 
the  proceedings  of  the  House,  including  the 
speeches  of  the  members,  were  published  m  the 
newspapers.] 

First  session  of  the  Legislative  Council  of 
New  Zealand  opened,  May  24,  1841. 

First  Executive  Council  in  New  Zealand,  con- 
aisted,  in  addition  to  Governor  Hobson,  of  Wil- 
loazhby  Shortland,  Colonial  Secretary,  Francis 
Fisher,  Attorney-General,  and  George  Cooper, 
Colonial  Treasurer  and  Collector  of  Customs, 
«z  oficio  members.     1841. 

The  first  election  of  members  for  the  City  of 
Sydney  took  place.  Five  candidates  nominated, 
Jane  13,  for  seats  in  the  Parliament,  when 
Messrs.  Wentworth  and  Bland  were  returned  by 
a  very  large  majority.  At  this  election  a  veiy 
disgiacefm  riot  took  place.  One  man*  lost  his 
life,  and  much  valuable  property  was  destroyed. 
Messrs.  O'Connell,  Cooper,  and  Hustler  were 
the  unsuccessful  candidates.    June  15,  1843. 

The  first  representative  Legislature  of  New 
SoQth  Wales  assembled,  the  ceremonial  inangu- 
ntion  bein^  conducted  by  £.  Deas-Thomson, 
Esq.,  Colonial  Secretary,  when  the  election  of 
•^peiaker  took  place.  The  election  was  contested 
hy  Mr.  Macleay  and  Mr.  Hamilton,  a  Crown 
nominee,  when  Mr.  Macleay  had  a  majority  of 
17  to  13,  and  assumed  the  weight  of  a  new  and 
onerous  office  in  his  77th  year.  August  1,  1843. 
[During  the  session  several  measures  were 
passed — ^the  appointment  of  a  committee  moved 
by  Mr.  Terence  A.  Mnrrav,  to  inquire  into  the 
provisions  of  Lord  Stanley  s  Land  Act,  as  far  as 
they  applied  to  New  South  Wales  ;  an  Act  to 
protect  the  interest  of  debtors,  who,  owing  to 
the  depression  of  the  times,  were  in  insolvent 
circumstances  and  unable  to  meet  their  claims  ; 
and  an  Act  to  give  a  preferable  lien  on  wool  from 
season  to  season,  and  to  make  mortgages  of  sheep, 
cattle,  and  horses  valid  without  delivery  to 
mortgagee.  This  Act  in  a  ^[reat  measure  allevi- 
ated the  pressure  of  these  times.] 

Robert  Lowe  retired  from  Parliament  of  New 
•South  Wales,  August  28,  1844. 


A  Select  Committee  of  the  Legislative  Comiea 
was  appointed,  to  take  into  consideration  the 
best  means  of  providing  for  the  safety  of  Uf e  and 
property,  havine  reference  to  the  increase  of  out- 
rages committed  in  Sydney.     1844 

Governor  Gipps  informed  Lord  Stanley  of  the 
first  Parliamentary  election  in  AustnJia,  July 
18,  1843b  The  following  is  the  list  of  mem- 
bers : — 

( Wentworth  W.  C. 

tBland  WUliam 

MMmrtbur  U.  H. 

Cunberiaiid  Burgiis Bovnuui  WilUam 

Northmaberiaiid  Buiyhs Wentworth  V'Axcy 

a.-i«ri-dco».., {^;j^ffi? 

Northumberland  County ....  Foster  William 

Arg^la  County Bradley  William 

St.  Yinoent  and  Auckland  . .  Cogrhill  John 

Murray,  King,  and  Gcor^sfiana  Murray  Terence  ▲. 

"ulStS^.^!"!^'"!'.  *^:  }s»t»«  WmUm  H. 

Bathurst   Lord  Francis 

Brisbane,  Bli^,  and  Hunter    Duniareaq  WUUom 

Durham Windier  Richard 

Qlouoester,    Macquarie,   and  )  w„,„_  .,^_„j_„ 
Stanley  Counuik    ..! f  Macleay  Alexander 

Cook  and  Westmoreland Panton  John 

Camden Therry  Roger 

Hen»»m.Tow„ {'^SJS^  ^^'  " 

(Ebden  Charles  Hobson 
Walker  Thomas 
Nicholson  Charles 
Thomson  Alexander 
Lang  John  Dunmore 

The  official  nominees  to  the  Legislative  Council 
were : — 

The  Lieutenant  command-       The  Auditor-General 

ingr  Her  Majesty's  Troops  The  Collector  of  Cusloiui 
The  Colonial  Secretary  The  Colonial  Engineer 

The  Colonial  Iteaaurer 


Jones  Richard 
Blaxland  John 
Hamilton  Edward 


Non-offieiaL 

Berry  Alexander 
Icel^  Thomas 
Elwm  Hastings 


The  *' Patriotic  Six"  (Tasmania),  who  protes- 
ted against  transportation  of  convicts  to  that 
colony,  resigned,  October  3,  1845. 

Be^mnsible  Government  was  for  the  first  time 
discussed  in  New  South  Wale^  1845. 

Sir  Charles  Nicholson  appointed  Speaker  of 
the  Legislative  Council,  N.  S.  Wales,  vice 
Macleay  resigned.  May,  1846. 

A  contest  between  the  Executive  and  the 
Legislature  arose.  The  Governor  having  sub- 
mitted to  the  Legislative  Council  a  bill  to  renew 
the  Border  Police  Act,  aftor  two  nights  it  was 
rejected  by  a  large  majority,  and  an  address  to 
the  Governor  was  carried  by  19  to  10  (the 
majority  being  all  representatives,  and  the 
minority  consisting  exclusively  of  nominees). 
The  address  voted  was  nominally  a  vote  of  cen- 
sure on  the  Government  Policy  in  reference  to 
its  views  on  the  Crown  lands  question.  To  the 
address  the  Governor  answered  briefly:  "He 
was  happy  to  say  that  this  address  was  one 
which  required  no  reply,  and  he  did  not  intend 
to  ^ve  any."  This  brought  the  contest  to  a 
crisis.  In  consequence  of  the  Crovemor  being 
on  the  eve  of  his  departure  to  England,   the 


19a 


PARLIAMENT, 


Coancil  resolved  not  to  tranaact  any  more  bnm- 
ness,  passing  not  even  the  Estimates,  until  the 
new  Governor  arrived,  and  on  the  motion  of 
Mr.  Wentworth  the  Conncil  adjourned  on  June 
12  untilJnly  21.  In  adjourning  for  a  month, 
the  Council  was  prepared  to  carry  on  a  great 
part  of  their  business  through  Committees 
which  thejjT  had  appointed.  But  the  Council, 
by  this  adjournment,  did  not  gain  their  point, 
for  the  Governor  on  the  following  day  issued  a 
proclamation  proroguing  the  House  until  August 
25  following,  by  which  means  he  at  once  pre- 
vented the  sittings  of  the  Committees,  and 
thereby  inconvenientljjr  prolonged  their  labours, 
thus  completely  outwittmg  his  opponents.  June 
12,  1846. 

Orders  in  Council  issued  by  Imperial  Govern- 
ment, March  9, 1847. 

Earl  Grey  was  nominated  and  elected  in  Mel- 
bourne, as  a  representative  in  the  New  South 
Wales  Parliament.  This  was  done  to  prevent 
the  non-electionists  from  having  a  representa- 
tive, July,  1848. 

First  Legislative  Council  held  at  Auckland, 
New  Zealand,  November  16,  1848. 

The  candidates  nominated  for  election  to  the 
Parliament  of  New  South  Wales  for  Port  Phillip 
district  were  Lauchlan  M'Einnon,  Jas.  WiUiam- 
son,  Jas.  Dickson,  J.  F.  Palmer,  Ed.  Curr, 
Wm.  Maoarthur,  Duke  of  Wellington,  Viscount 
Palmerston,  Lord  Brougham,  Lord  John  Russell, 
and  Sir  Robert  Peel ;  uie  first  five  were  elected, 
December,  1848. 

The  Imperial  Parliament  notified  its  intention 
of  giving  representative  Government  to  Tas- 
mania and  ^uth  Australia,  by  adding  to  the 
existing  L^slature  elected  members.     1848. 

The  new  Legislative  Council  assembled^Sir 
Charles  Nicholson  re-elected  Speaker.  The 
€U>vemor  formally  read  opening  speech,  and 
announced  that  Her  Majesty  had  deemed  it 
expedient  to  revoke  the  Cliarter  establishing 
the  new  Colony  of  North  Australia  and  had  re- 
annexed  it  to  N.  S.  Wales,  and  that  H.  M. 
Government  had  authorised  a  contract  to  be 
entered  into  with  the  Indian  and  Australian 
Steam  Packet  Companv  for  conveyance  of  mails 
between  England  and  Australia  by  way  of 
Singapore  and  Torres'  Straits.    May  15,  1849. 

£Arl  Grey  elected  to  represent  Melbourne  in 
the  N.  S.  W .  Parliament  by  a  large  majority 
over  Mr.  J.  F.  V.  Foster.    1848. 

Indignation  meeting,  acainst  Earl  Grey,  on  the 
transportation  question,  held  in  Sydney,  1849. 

Last  Legislative  Assembly  of  N.  S.  Wales 
and  Port  Phillip  terminated  May  2,  1851.  The 
Superintendent  of  Port  Phillip,  the  Members 
of  the  Council,  and  the  Melbourne  delegates  to 
the  Anti-Transportation  League  left  Sydney  for 
the  new  Colony,  May  5,  1851. 

First  Executive  Council  of  Victoria,  July  16, 
1851. 

J.  F.  Palmer  elected  first  Speaker,  Victorian 
Parliament,  December,  1851. 

The  question  of  a  Representative  House  of 
ABsembly  was  agitated  in  New  South  Wales  in 
1827;  debated  in  the  House  of  Commons  and 


lost,  1832 ;  agitated  acain  1833  by  Wentwortli 
and  others.  First  Lesislative  Assembly  in 
N.  S.  Wales  opened  by  Governor  Fitzroy, 
October  16,  1851. 

The  first  Tasmanian  Legislative  Council 
elected  October  24,  1851. 

The  first  Act  of  Parliament  in  Victoria 
passed  December  18,  1852. 

First  Melbourne  Election  Committee  decide 
F.  J.  Saigood  M.L.C.  for  Melbourne  instead  of 
H.  Langlands,  October  18,  1853. 

Responsible  €k>vermnent  granted  in  New 
South  Wales,  1856. 

First  Parliament  opened  under  responsible 
Government  in  New  South  Wales,  May  22, 1856. 

List  of  the  Members  and  the  CtmsUiuendes  theif 
represented  in  the  First  Parliament  under 
BespondbleOovernment  in  New  South  Wales, 
{First  Dissolution,  December  19,  1857.) 


Name  of  Member. 


OoamtxMKj. 


Arnold,  William  Mmminga . 

Barker,  Thomaa 

Bowman,  WQliam 

Buckley,  Henry 

Bjnrnea,  James 

Campbell,  Jobn  

Campbell,  Robert 

Cooper,  I>ftniel 

Cowper,  Charles 

Cox,  Oeorge  Henry   

Dalley,  WQliam  Bede    

Deniehy,  Daniel  Henry    . . . 

Dickson,  James 

Donaldson,  Stuart  Alexander 

Egpan,  Daniel   

Fiaucett,  Peter 

Flood,  Edward    

Foreter.  WUlIam 

Garland,  James  

Oordon,  Samuel  Deane 

Hargrave,  Richard 

Ha  V,  John 

Hely,  Hovenden 

Holroyd,  Arthur  Todd 

Holt,  Thomas 

Irving',  Clark    

Jamison,  Robert  Thomas.. . 

Jones,  Richard    

Luig,  Gideon  Scott    

Lee,  William    

LesUe,  Patrick 


Lord,  George  William 

Macajrthur,  James 

Hacloay,  George 

Sladeay,  Williun,  Jiinr.   . . . . 

Harks,  John 

Martin,  James 

Hurray,  Terence  Aubrey. . . . 

Cakes,  George 

Osborne,  Henry. 

Oxley,  John  Norton 

Parker,  Henry  Watson 

Piddington,  William  Richman 

Pye,  James.. 

Richardson,  John 

Robertson,  Jolm 

Rusden,  Fronds  Townsend.. 
Rusden,  Thomas  George. .... 
Scott,  Alexander  Walker. . . . 

Smith,  Thomas  Whistler. 

Suttor,  Willitfm  Henry 

Thompson.  James 

Woekea,  Ellas  Carpenter 

Wilshire,  Junes  Riobert 


Durham  and  the  Paterson 
Gloucester  and  Maoqnarie 
Cumberland  Boroughs 
Stanley  (County) 
Cumberland  (S.  Riding) 
Sydney  Hamlets 
Sydney  (City) 
Sydney  Hamlets 
Sydney  (dty) 
Wellington  (County) 
Sydney  (City) 
Aigyle 

Northumberland  Boroughs 
Cumberland  (S.  Riding) 
Monaro 

King  and  Oeorglana 
North-eastern  Boronghs 
Murray 

Lachlan  and  Lower  Darling 
Durham 

New  England  and  Madeay 
Murrumbidgee 
Northumberland  andHunter 
Western  Boroughs 
Stanley  Borou^ 
Clarence  and  Darling  Downs 
Cook  and  Westmoretaod 
Durham 

Liverpool  Plains  and  Gvydir 
Roxbuigrh 

Moreton,  Wide  Bay,  Bur- 
nett, and  Maraooa 
Wellington  and  Bllgfa 
Western  Division  of  Ounden 
Murrumbidfiee 
Lachlan  and  Lower  Darling 
Eastern  Division  of  Camden 
Cook  and  Westmoreland 
Southern  Boroughs 
Parramatta 

Eastern  Divisicm  of  Camden 
Western  Division  of  Cunden 
Parramatta 

Northumberland  andHunter 
Cumberland  (N.  Riding) 
Stanley  Boroughs 
PhUlip,  Brisbane,  and  BUs^ 
Livefpool  Plains  and  Gwydir 
New  England  and  Marksay 
Northumberland  andHuvtcr 
Cumberiand  (N.  Riding) 
Bathurst  (Country) 
St.  Vincent 

Northumberland  Boroughs 
Sydney  (City) 


PAHLIAMENT. 


197 


A  colliaion  took  place  between  tlie  Assembly 
lod  the  Ck>imcxl  of  New  Soath  Wales  arising 
ost  of  the  Indemnity  BilL  After  the  passing 
of  the  then  Appropriation  Act,  and  before  the 
enwnditore  for  wnich  the  Indemnity  Bill  was 
aakedj  votes  of  credit  were  granted  to  the 
Government  by  the  Assembly.  The  Council 
held  that  their  sanction  was  required  also,  to 
gire  effect  to  the  Vote  of  Credit,  as  well  as  to 
the  Appropriation  Act,  and  when  the  Bill  of 
Indemnity  was  transmitted  to  them  for  their 
eoncorrence,  they  did  not  demur  to  give  the 
required  indemnity,  but  included  all  the  appro- 
pnations  which  had  been  made  since  the  pre- 
ceding Session.  The  €k>Temment  and  their 
mpporterB  rejected  the  amendments  of  the 
Omncil,  as  it  was  deemed  they  had  converted 
the  Bill  into  a  money  measure  contrary  to  their 
privilega  The  Assembly  declined  to  proceed 
further  with  the  BilL     1856. 

First  free  Parliament  in  Victoria  opened  by 
Hajor-General  Macarthur,  acting  lieutenant- 
Governor,  November  25,  1856. 

Sir  James  F.  Palmer,  first  President  Legis- 
litive  Council,  Victoria,  1856. 

The  first  Tasmanian  Parliament  met  December 
2;  1856. 

A  new  department  created  called  the  Depart- 
ment of  Pu bUc  Works,  and  Mr.  Qeoffirey  Kmt 
VIS  appointed  to  the  office,  with  a  seat  in  we 
Upper  House,  New  South  Wales,  1859. 

First  Victorian  Parliament  under  Manhood 
Snffir^se  elected,  October  13,  1859. 

First  elections  for  Queensland  Parliament, 
Aroil  27,  I860. 

First  Queensland  Parliament  under  Bespon- 
nble  Government  met,  the  first  Ministry  b«inff 
as  follows  :— :Robert  G.  W.  Herbert,  Coloniu 
Seeretary;  Batchffe  Pring,  Attorney-General; 
R.  K.  Mackenzie,  Colonial  Treasurer ;  St.  G.  R. 
€k>re.  Secretary  for  Lands  and  Works  ;  and 
Sir  Maurice  O'Connell,  J.  J.  Galloway,  W. 
Hobbs,  and  John  Bramston  without  portfolios ; 
May  29,  1860. 

MiMBEss  or  FnsT  Lsoislativb  Couscil  nr  QcEKNSLAjn). 

Bairoor  John  M'DousaII  John  Frederic 

Bigge  Fmncia  Edward  Heaaie  Robert  Geoifire 

Compigne  Alfred  William     Nicholson  Sir  Charles 
Follerton  Georgv  OXkmneU  Maurice  Charlss 

Oalloway  John  James  Yaldwin  William  Henry 

Laidley  James 

MniBKSs  OP  Fnun  LboisIiAtivb  Asssmslt  in  Qitsbsblax]). 

CRaff  (}eorge 
Brisbane    ^  Jordan  Henry 

CBlakeney  W.  C 

ZasiDowns PringR. 

-,._.  _, f  Taylor  J. 

West  Downs \UoiMltDelMcyT. 

Soath  Brisbane   Richards  Henry 

Fortitude  Valley Lilley  Charles 

Drayton  and  Toowoomba. . . .    Watts  John 

Wanridc   Core  R.  St.  George 

»--»  M  -^  i  Edmonston  Geoige 

EMtMoreton  t Budcley Henry 

Northern  Downs Coxen  Charles 

("Thorn  Geoive 

West  Moreton s  Brougfaton  A.  D. 

C  Nelson  Dr. 

Mannoa FerrettJ. 

Th«  n»*««i^  S  Maclcenile  R.  R. 

-The  Burnett tHalyC.R. 


I-"^*   (go^dTc-X ''•''•  J 

(.Forbes  F.  A. 

Ipswich ( O'Snllivan  P. 

1  Macalister  A. 

WideBay EUottO. 

Port  Curtis  Fitvimmons — 

First  Tasmanian  Parliament  dissolved.  May 
5,  1861. 

Weston  Ministry  resigned.  Chapman  Ministry 
formed,  August  2,  1861. 

A  memb^  of  the  Legislatire  Assembly  of 
Victoria  expelled  for  personating  voters  at  the 
Momington  election,  1861. 

A  member  expelled  from  the  Victorian  Par- 
liament '*  for  beinff  the  agent  of  a  corrupt  Asso* 
ciation  for  bribing  Members  of  Parliament, "  1869. 

A  Member  expelled  from  the  Victorian  Legis- 
lative Assembler  **for  receiving  money  from  a 
corrupt  association  for  bribing  Members  of  Par- 
liament" in  order  to  pass  measures  for  their 
benefit.    Was  re-electea  in  same  year  1869. 

Longest  Parliamentary  sitting  on  record  in 
Australia.  New  South  Wales  Parliament  sat 
continuously  for  37)  hours,  January  28-29, 1873. 

Commencement  of  the  "  stone- walling " 
struggle  by  the  Opposition  in  Legislative 
Assembly  of  Victoria,  January  12,  1876. 

A  Member  expelled  from  the  Victorian  Par- 
liament for  referring  to  the  Members  (during  the 
hearing  of  a  Police  Court  case)  in  terms  of 
derision,  1876. 

A  disturbance  threatened  in  Parliament-jrard, 
Victoria,  owing  to  the  excited  state  of  feding 
in  consequence  of  the  refusal  of  tiie  majority 
of  the  Assembly  to  agree  to  a  dissolution 
demanded  by  the  Opposition,  February  8,  1876. 

*<The  Iron  Hand"  or  "Gagxing  Motion" 
introduced  bv  Sir  James  M*Ciuh>ch.  Motion 
in  the  Victorian  Legislative  Assembly,  for  the 
adoption  of  a  new  standing  order  to  authorise 
the  stoppage  of  further  discussion,  by  any  Mem- 
ber moving,  during  a  debate,  '*  that  the  motion 
be  now  put  "  was  carried  on  a  division  by  41 
votes  against  20,  February  10,  1876. 

A  Member's  seat  declared  vacant  in  conse- 
quence of  malpractices  imputed  to  him  (Victoria), 
November  2,  1877. 

A  Member  found  guilty  of  bribery.  The  seat 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  Ince  (Victoria),  Dec.  4, 1877. 

Sir  John  Robertson  resigned  his  seat  (for 
Mudgee)  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  New 
South  Wales,  December  13,  1878. 

Seat  of  Edward  Coombes,  C.M.G.,  declared 
vacant  by  reason  of  his  acceptance  of  an  office 
of  emolument  under  the  (Jrown  (Elxecutive 
Commissioner  for  New  South  WiJes  at  the  Paris 
Exhibition),  1879. 

0>ininittee  of  Elections  and  Qualifications  of 
New  South  Wales  Parliament  dechured,  on  the 
petition  of  J.  Wilton  and  others,  Mr.  Rouse 
not  to  be  elected  for  Mudgee,  and  that  Mr. 
David  Buchanan  was  elected  for  the  vacant 
seat,  March  18,  1873.  [Mr.  Rouse  had  been 
declared  b^  the  Retuming-Officer  duly  elected, 
by  a  majority  of  one,  he  (the  Returning  Officer) 
and  two  minors  having  voted  during  the  election.] 


198 


PABTJAMENTS. 


Death  (in  his  rooms  at  the  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment) of  Sir  Maurice  O^Connell,  President  of  the 
Queensland  Legislative  Council,  March  22, 1879. 

Contempt  of. 

A  Bill  was  passed  in  the  New  South  Wales 
Legislative  Council,  d^laratory  of  privileges  to 
pr^ect  its  members  Against  being  called  to 
account  for  words  used  m  debate  in  the  House. 
Mr.  Lowe,  in  a  speech,  having  had  occasion  to 
refer  to  Mr.  Henry  Macdermott,  accompanied 
his  remarks  by  language  derogatory  to  Mr.  Mac- 
dermott ;  the  latter  challenged  the  former  to  a 
duel,  which  led  to  the  famous  **  Privilege  Ques- 
tion." The  Speaker  was  ordered  to  request  the 
Grown  Law  Offices  to  file  a  Bill  of  criminal 
information  against  Macdermott  and  his  seconds, 
in  consequence  of  which  a  large  meeting  was 
held  in  Sydney,  and  a  resolution  adopted  that 
the  proc^Klinss  of  the  Legislative  Council,  in 
initiating  on  behalf  of  Mr.  Lowe  at  the  public 
cost  a  prosecution  against  Macdermott  and  his 
seconds,  were  unconstitutional,  oppressive,  and 
unjust ;  a  petition  to  the  (Governor  to  the  effect 
that  he  would  not  place  on  the  Estimates  any 
sum  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  prosecution, 
was  presented.  The  prosecution  was  proceeded 
with,  being  brought  Defore  the  Supreme  Court 
on  man^r  occasions,  but  it  finally  broke  down 
throufffa  informality.     1844. 

laUie  ArgitJt  newspaper,  Melbourne,  an  article 
appeared,  in  which  a  Goldfields  Member  was 
oaUed  "a  ruffian  who  had  been  pitchforked  into 
Parliament.''  For  this  offence  Mr.  George  DiU, 
the  pubUsher  of  that  paper,  was  arrested  and 
eharsed  at  the  Bar  of  the  House  with  a  breach  of 
privuege  and  contempt.  He  was  committed  to 
the  curtody  of  the  Sergeant-at-arms,  and  on  May 
24  was  discharged  on  payment  of  fees.  April  ^ 
1862. 

The  Melbourne  Ar^us  published  a  leading 
article,  in  which    Sir   James  M'CuUoch   was 
accused  of  making  a  speech   "bristling  with 
falsehoods,"  March  19,  1866. 
[Hugrh  George,  publisher  of  the  Argut,  fuiiiiiKmed  to  the 
B»r  of  the  House  for  contempt,  March  SO,  1806  ;  ap- 
plied to  be  heard  in  defence,  but  refused  by  89  to  21 
▼oftes,  UarchSl,  1806;  imprisoned  in  the  Parliament 
house  on  tiie  same  day ;  the  Legislatire  Assembly  agreed 
to  liberate  Hugh  George  on  payment  of  feee,  March  28, 
1866 ;  Hugh  George  declined  to  pay  the  fees,  March  29, 
1866;  Parliament  prorogued,  at  noon,  April  11, 1860; 
Hugh  George  liberated  at  5  p.m.,  April  11,  1886.] 

Liit  of  Presidents  of  Legislativs  Council,  New 

South  Wales. 


List  of  Speakers  of  Legislaiive  Assemify,  Ifeuf 

South  Wales. 


Nama 


FnHD 


To 


The  Hon.  Sir  Alfred  Stephen . . 
Tlie  Hon.  John  Hubert  Plim- 


kett,Q.C 

he  Hon.  Sir  William  Weet^ 


the 

brooke  Burton,  Knt 
The    Hon.    William    Charles 

Wentworth 

The  Hon.  Terence  Aubrey\ 

Munay    

afterwards  \ 

TbeHon  SirTerence  Aubrey 

Murray,  Knt ) 

The   Hon.     Sir   John    Hay, 

K.C.M.Q 


M^  20,1866 
Jan.  20, 1857 
Feb.  0,1868 
June  24, 1801 

Oct  14,1862 


Jan.  28,  186& 
Feb.  6,  1868. 
Vbkg  10,  1861. 
Oct    9,  1862. 

June  22, 1873. 


Tlie  Honorable  Sir  Daniel  Oooper  

Hie  Honorable  Tttvnce  Anhny  Mnnrny 

The  HonoraUe  John  Hay 

The  Honorable  Williun  Munniiun  Arnold 
The  Honorable  Sir  O.  Wigram  Auen,  Knt 


May  SZ,18S6u 
Jan.  K,  18801. 
Oct  14,1862. 
Not.  1, 186Sc 
March  S3,  ISTSl 


PAKLIAMEKTS,  List  of. 

Nsw  South  Wales. 

JVrrt  PaWuMiienl. 

Opened,  May  22, 1866. . .  .Diasolved,  Deceoibcr  19,  U67. 
Snsioa  L— (1866-7.)— May  22, 1866,  to  March  18»  U57. 
BlfiSlox  2.--<1857.)--At«.  11, 1867,  to  Dec  18, 1867. 


July  8,  1873  Still  in  ofBce. 


Stttmd 

Opened,  Maroh  23, 1858. . .  .DissoWed,  AprO  U,  IflSft. 
Sbssioit  1.— <1858.>-Much23,1868,toNoTcmber2B,I8Ba 
SiBSiov  2.— (186&-9.)— December  8, 1868,  to  ApriI9, 186a 

Tlfnf  -Torfiamsiif. 

Opened,  August  SO,  1860.  .Diasolred,  NoTcmber  Vk,  IML 
SSMloa  L— (1869-00.>-Ai«iMt  80, 1869,  to  July  ^  IBCXk. 
aiMiOJr  1— (1800.>-4ept  26, 1880,  to  Noit.  8,  ISBlL 

Opened,  Jaauary  10, 1801. . .  .DisaolTed,  Not.  10, 180t 
Siasiov  1.— (186L)--Jamiaiy  10, 1861,  to  Mv  U,  186L 
Sauioir  2.-~a861-2.)-Sept  8, 1861,  to  Jan.  20, 1862. 
Susioir  8.— <1862.)— May  27, 1862,  to  December  20, 1882. 
BnsKHr  4.— (1863-4.>-^uoe  28, 1863,  to  April  22, 18IA 
Snsiox  &— <1864.)-Oct  IB,  1864,  to  Not.  9, 1864. 

Opened,  January  24, 1866. . .  .DiaolTed,  Hot.  15,  ISflB. 
Sbbbiosi  L-<1866.>-Jaottaf7  24, 1866,  to  June  21, 1886. 
Bassioir  2.— (1866-&)— October  24, 1806,  to  April  7, 18I0L 
SsBSfOM  S.~<1806.>-July  24, 1806,  to  December  22,18881 
BiBBioN  4.~(1867-&>-^uIy  2, 1867,  to  Ajnil  27, 188^ 
Shsioh  6.-<1868-9.)-Oetober  13, 1868,  to  April  1, 18ML 
SI88I0V  6.— (1869.>-Sept  28, 1800,  to  Nor.  13, 1869. 

SiaOk.  ParliametU. 

Opened,  January  27,  1870.  .DissolTed,  February  3»  192. 

SiBMON  L— (1870.>--January  27, 1870,  to  May  7, 187D 

Sbbbion  2.— (1870-1.)— August  11, 1870,  to  June  22, 18TL 

Sbssioit  3.— (1871-2.)— NoTember  14,  1871,  to  Febraaiy 
1,1872. 

Seventh  Parliament 

Opened,  ApzU  80, 1872 DissolTed,  NoTcmber  28^  1871. 

Sbsbior  1.-<1872.)— April  30, 1872,  to  August  18, 1872. 

Session  2.— (1872-3.)— NoTember  6,  1872,  to  April  SS» 
1873. 

SBSsioa  3.— (187S-4.)-8eptember  9,  1873,  to  Jane  26, 
1874. 

Sbbsios  4.— (1874.)— NoTember  8, 1874,  to  Nombcr  26» 

1874. 

Eijhth  Parliament, 
Opened,  Jenmry  27,  1876. . .  .DissolTed,  October  12, 1877. 

Session  1.— (1876.)— January  27, 1876,  to  August  11,1875. 

SBB8I0N  2.— (1875-6.)— NoTember  16, 1876,  to  August  22, 
1876. 

Session  8.— (1S76>7.>— December  12,  187Q,  to  Ooteber 
11, 1877. 


PARLIAMENT& 


]rM 


J/inA  ParUamsnt, 
Opened,  November  27, 1877. 
Sksoh  l.'-(1877-8.)--November  27,  1877,  to  May  21, 
187& 

SWK»  2.— (1878-0.)--^aeptemlMr  10, 187a    (BtiU  ia  Ses- 
fiOD,  May  15, 1870). 

LiR  07  M«i«t«a*  or  THB  LWHaLAIlVK  GOUSCILy  1870. 

Sfaalaod,  The  Honorable  John. 

Busby,  The  Honorable  William. 

Butler,  The  Honorable  Edward,  Q.C. 

Byrnes,  The  Honorable  William. 

Cu&pbeU,  The  Honorable  John. 

Cunpbell,  The  Honorable  Alexander. 

Chmpbell,  The  Honorable  Charles. 

ChiAolm,  The  Honorable  Jamea. 

Oox,  Hie  Honorable  George  Henry. 

Ooz,  The  Honorable  Edward  King. 

Salley,  The  Honorable  William  Bede,  Q.C. 

Ovkf ,  The  Honorable  Frederick  Matthew. 

BeM  •  Thomson,  The  Honorable  Sir  Edward,  C.B., 
K.C.M.O. 

Be  Salia,  The  Honorable  Laopokl  Fane. 

Boeder,  The  Honorable  Joseph. 

Foster,  The  Honorable  William  John. 

Fhkaer,  The  Honorable  John. 

Gordflo,  Ttte  U<»otable  Saninel  Deane. 

Gnham,  The  Honorable  William. 

Bar,  The  Honorable  Sir  John,  K.C.M.O.,  FruSdent 

Holt  The  Honorable  Thomas. 

lUMs,  The  Honorable  Sir  Joseph  Gtoorge  Long,  Knight, 
dutirman  qf  CommiUee$, 

Lord,  The  Honorable  Francis. 

Loid,  The  Honorable  George  William. 

taarthur.  The  Honorable  Sir  William,  Knight 

Madeay,  The  Honorable  William. 

Xarka,  The  Honorable  John. 

Moore,  The  Honorable  Henry. 

QplTie,  The  Honorable  Edward  David  Stuart 

Uduudaon,  The  Honorable  John. 

Bobertson,  The  Honorable  Sir  John,  K.C.M.O. 

RmKU,  The  Honorable  Bourn. 

Samuel  jThe  Honorable  Saul,  CM.G. 

Smart,  The  Honorable  Thomas  Ware. 

tedth.  The  Honorable  John,  M.D.,  LLD.,  CM.G. 

Stephen,  The  Honorable  Sir  Alfred,  C.B.,  K.C.M.G.  [Re- 
signed March  21, 1879,  on  taking  his  position  as  Acting 
Governor,  on  the  departure  of  Sir  UHrcttles  Bobinson 
for  New  Zmland.  ] 

Thornton,  The  Honorable  George. 

Watt,  The  Honorable  John  Brown. 

Weekes,  The  Honorable  Elias  Carpenter. 

White,  The  HaoaaXAe  Jamea. 

List  op  Mbmbebb  or  Tin  Lbqislativb  AssmniT,  1879. 

AUen,    The    Honorable    Sir   George   Wigram,   Knight, 

Speaker.    (The  Glebe) 
BadgMy,  Henry  Septimus,  Esq.    (East  Maitland) 
Baker,  The  Honorable  Ezekiel  Alexander,  Esq.    (Gold- 

flelds  Booth) 
Barbour,  Robert,  Esq.    (The  Murray) 
Bavden,  Thomas,  Esq.    (The  Clarence) 
Bennett,  Hanley,  Esq.    (Liverpool  Plain^ 
Beyers,  Hugo  Louis,  Esq.    (Gold  Fields  West) 
Bovker,  Eiehard  Ryther  Steer.  Esq.,  M.D.    (Newcaatle) 
Bowman,  Alexander,  Esq.    (The  Hawkeabury) 
Brown,  Herbert  Harrington,  Esq.    (The  Fatenon) 
Brown,  Stepboi  Cunpbell,  Esq.    (Newtown) 
Browne,  William  Chartes,  Esq.    (Patrick's  Plains) 
Buchanan,  David.    (Mud^ee) 
Bums,  John  Fit^reraid,  Esq.    (The  Hunter) 
Ganeron,  Angus,  Chairman  0/  ComnutUu.  (West  Sydney) 
Charles,  Samuel,  Esq.    (Kiama) 

Clarke,  Henry,  Esq.    (Eden) 

Cohen,  Henry  Emanuel,  Esq.    (West  Maitland) 

Goonan,  Walter  Thomas,  E^q.    (The  Began) 

Oopeland,  Henry,  Esq.   (Gold  Fields  North) 

Baogar,  Thomas  Gordon  Gibbons,  Esq.    (The  Qwydir) 

Davfes,  John,  Esq.    (East  Sydney) 

Davies,  William,  Esq.    (Arnrki) 

Day,  GeoiTe,  Esq.     ^e  Hume) 

DiOon,  John,  Esq.    {^eaterdela) 

Briver,  Richard,  Esq.    (Windsor) 

Eckfoid,  Joseph,  Esq.    (Wollombi) 


Famell,  ^ames  Squire,  Esq.    (8t  Leonards) 

Filspatrick,  Michael,  Eso.    (Tass  Plains) 

Garrett,  Thomas.  Esq.    (Camden) 

Gray,  S^uel  William,  Ksq.    (Ulawarra) 

Greenwood,  James,  Esq.    (East  Sydney) 

GrevUle,  Edward,  Esq.    (Braidwood) 

Harris,  John,  Esq.    (West  Sydney) 

Hoskins,  The  Honorable  James,  Esq.     CHie  Tnmiit) 

Hungerfcrd,  Thomas,  Esq.     (Northumberland) 

Hurley.  John,  Esq.     (Hartley) 

Hurley,  John,  Esq.     (Narellan) 

Jacob,  Archibald  Hamilton,  Esq.    (The  Lower  Hunter) 

Johnston,  William,  Esq.    (The  Williams) 

Kerr,  Andrew  Tkylor,  Esq.    (Orange) 

Lackey,  The  Honorable  John,  Esq.  (Central  Cnmberland) 

Leary,  Joseph,  Esq.    (The  Murrumbidgee) 

Long,  William  Alexander,  Esq.    (Parramatta) 

Lucas,  John,  Esq.    (Gantarburv) 

Lynch,  Andrew,  Esq.    (Carcoar) 

IJacintosh,  John,  Esq.    (East  Sydney) 

M'CuIloch,  Andrew  Bardie,  Juor.,  Esq.  (Central  Comber- 
land) 

M'Eihone,  John,  Esq.    (The  Upper  Hunter) 

Merriman,  James,  Esq.    (West  Sydney) 

Moses,  Henry,  Esq.    (Hie  Hawkesbury) 

Murphy,  John,  Esq.   (Monaro) 

O'Connor,  Daniel,  Esq.    (West  Sydney)  - 

Onslow.  Arthur,  Captain,  B.N.    (Camden) 

Parkes,  The  Honorable  Sir  Hennr,  K  C.M.G.  (Canterbury) 

PUcher,  Charles  Edward,  Esq.    (West  Macquarie) 

Roseby,  John,  Esq.    (Shoalhaven) 

Shepherd,  John,  fisq.    (Wellington) 

Simson,  Colin  William,  Esq.    (Balranald) 

Smith,  Robert  Burdett,  Esq.    (The  Hastings) 

Smith,  Thomas  Richard,  Eeq.    (The  Nepean) 

Stuart,  Alexander,  Esq.    (EaMt  Sydney) 

Sutherland,  John,  Esq.    (Paddington) 

Suttor,  The  Honorable  Francis  Bathurst,  Esq.  (BalOxftni). 

Suttor,  William  Henry,  Esq.    (East  Maoquuie) 

Taytor,  Hugh,  Esq.     (Parramatta) 

Teeee,  William,Junr.,  Esq.    (Goulbum) 

Terry,  Samuel  Henry,  Esq,    (New  England) 

Thompson,  James  Banford,  Esq.    (Queanbeyan) 

Watson,  'The  Honorable  James,  Esq.    (The  Lachlan) 

Webb,  Edmund,  Esq.    (East  Macquarie) 

Windeyer,  The  Honorable  Willuon  Charles,  Esq.  (Ihe 
University  of  Sydney) 

Wisdom,  Robert,  Esq.    (Morpeth) 

Kkw  Zealand. 


Date  of  Opening 
of  Sessions. 

Date  of  aosing 
or  Dissolution. 

•First  Pariiament(and  1 
Second  Parliament)  j 

May   27,1864.. 
Aug.  31.1864.. 
Aug.    8,1866.. 
April  16, 1866.. 

(No  Session  1 
AprU  10, 1868 

(No  Session  I 
July  80,1860.. 

Aug.    9,1864. 

Sept  16, 1864. 

Sept.  15, 1866. 

Aug.  16, 1866. 
leld  in  1867) 
1  Aug.  21, 1868. 
teld  in  1869.) 
Nov.  6, 1860. 

Third  Parliament  . .  •< 

June    2,1860.. 
July    7,1862.. 
Oct    19,1868.. 
Nov.  24,1864.. 
July  26,1866.. 

Sept.   7, 1861. 
Sept  16, 1862. 
Dec   14,1869. 
Dea   18,1864. 
Oct.   80,1865. 

Foorth  Parliament    < 

June  SO,  1866.. 
July     9,1867.. 
July    9,1868.. 
June    1,1860.. 
June  14,1870.. 

Oct.     8, 1866. 
Oct    10,1867. 
Oct    20,1868. 
Sept    3,1860. 
Sept.  IS,  1870. 

Fifth  Parliament  .. 

Aug.  14,1871.. 
July  16,1872.. 
July  15,1878.. 
July     3,1874.. 
,  July  20,1875.. 

Nov.  16, 18n. 
Oct.    26,1872. 
Oct.     3. 1878. 
Aug.  31, 1874. 
Oct.   21,1876. 

Sixth  Parliament  .. 

Juno  16,1876.. 

Oct.   81,1876. 

Seventh  Parliament 

1877.. 

1 

200 


FAIILIAMENT& 


Luv  or  Mbmbbbb  or  Lmislatitv  Oouhcil,  1879. 

P.  Dignan  (Speaker). 

M.  BtohnoDd,  CB.  (jCkairman  qf  Oommitteet). 


Adand,  J.  B.  A. 
BaiUie,  W.  D.  H. 
BeU,  Sir  F.  D.,  Kl 
Bonar,  J.  A. 
Brett,  De  R.  J. 
Buckley,  O. 
Buckley,  P.  A. 
Ounpbell,  R. 
Chamberlin,  H. 
Sdwarda,  M. 
Fraeer,  T. 
Oraoe,  M.  S. 
Gray,  K, 
Hall,  J. 
Hai^R. 
Hfloaenoiiy  T. 
Bol]iMS,]L 
JohnflQa,  O.  R. 
Johnfloa,  J. 
Kenoy,  W.  H. 
Kohere,  M. 
Lahmann,  H.  H. 
IfanteU,  W.  B.  D. 


Martin,  J. 
Mendes,  J. 
MiUer,  H.  J. 
Ngatata,  W.  T. 
Nurse,  W.  H. 
Patereon,  J. 
Peaoocke,  J.  T. 
Peter,  W.  8. 
Pharazyn,  G.  J. 
Pollen,  D. 
Renwlck,  T. 
Reynolds,  W.  H. 
Richmond,  IL,  CB. 
Robinson,  W. 
Russell,  H.  R. 
Sootland,  H. 
Stokes,  R. 
Waterbouse,  O.  M. 
Whitmore,  Q.  8. 
Wigfley,  T.  a 
WmiBmsaii,  J. 
Wilson,  J.  N. 


LiR  or  MsMnits  or  House  or  RBrBBsmnATnm,  ISfOi 

Hon.  Sir  W.  Fitahorbert,  K.C.M.O.  (Speaker), 
Q.  M.  O'Rorke  (Chairman  qf  CommiUeee). 


MettOtera/or  the  Provincial 
Dittriet  qf  Awkiand : 
DUmsn,  P. ,  Auckland  City 

Douglas,    Sir    R.,  Bsrt, 

Manden. 
Grey,  Hon.  Sir  G., K.C.B., 

l%aines. 
Hamlin,  E.,  Franklin 
Hobbs,  B.,  Franklin 
Macfarlane,  J.  S.,  Walte- 

mata. 
McHinn.  E.  O.,  Waipa. 
Morris,  O.  B.,  East  Couit, 
Moss,  F.  J.,  Pamell 
O'Rorke,  O.  M.,  Onehunga. 
Rees,   W.    L.,    Auckland 

d^East. 
Rowe,  W.,  Thames. 
Shedtan,Hon.  J.,  Rodney. 
Swanson,  W.,  Newton. 
Tole,  J.  A.,  Eden. 
WaUis,  J.,  Auckland  City 

West. 
Whitaker,  F.,  Watkato. 
Williams,  J.  W.,  Mongonui 

and  Bay  <rf  Islands. 
TaranaH : 
Atkinson,  H.  A.,  Egmont 
Oarrington,  F.  A.,   Grey 

andBeU 
Kelly,  T.,  New  Plymouth. 
Batokee  Bay : 
Ormond,  J.  D.,  diye. 
RusseU,  W.  R ,  Napier. 
Sutton,  F.,  Napier. 
Wellington: 
Ballanoe,  Hon.  J.,  Rangi* 

tikei. 
Barton,  O.  E.,  Wdllngton 

City. 
Beetham,  G.,  Walzarapa. 
Brandon,  A  de  B,  Wel- 
lington Country. 
Bryce  J.,  Wanganui. 
Bunny,  H.,  Wairarapa. 
FItaherbert,  Hon.  Sir  W., 

K.C.M.G.,  Hutt. 
Fox.  Hon.  W.,  Wanganui. 
Hunter,   G.,    Welmigton 

City. 
Johnson,  W.  W.,  Maoawatu 


NeUon : 
Baigent,  E.,  Wafanea. 
Curtis,  O.,  Nelson  City. 
Gibbs,  W.,  Collingwood. 
Henry,  J.,  Buller. 
Hursthouse,  R.,  Motueka. 
Reeves,  R.  H.  J.,   Grey 

Valley. 
Richmond,  A.  J.,  Nelson 

Suburbs. 
Shaip,  J.,  Nelson  CItv. 
Wooloock,  a,  Grey  Valley. 
Marlborouffh : 

Kenny,  C.  W.  A.  T.,  Picton. 

Saunders,  A ,  Cheviot. 

Seymour,  A.  P.,  Wairau. 
Canterbury : 

Bowen,  C.  C,  Kaiapol. 

Brown,  J.  E.,  Ashley. 

Fisher,  Hon.  J.  T.,  Heath- 
cote. 

Fltsroy,  C.  A.,  Selwrn. 

Montgomery,  W.,  Akaroa. 

Moorhouse,  W.  8.,  Christ- 
chinch  City. 

Murray -Aynsley,  H.  P., 
LvtUeton. 

Richardson,    Hon.    E., 
Christchurch  City. 

Rolleston,  W.,  Avon. 

Stevens.  E  C.  J.,  Christ- 
church  City. 

(Vacant),  Gladstone. 

Tumbull,  R.,  Flmaru. 

Wakefield.  E.,  Geraldine. 

Watson,  J.  C,  Coleridge. 
Weetland: 

Barff,  E.,  Hokitika. 

George,  S.  T.,  Hokitika. 

Gisbome,  Hon.W.,Totata 
Otago: 

Bastings,  H.,  Waikaia. 

Brown,  J.  C,  Tuapeka. 

Cuteen,  W.  H.,  Taieri. 

Be  Lautour,  C.  A.,  Mount 
Ida. 

Driver,  H.,  Roslyn. 

Feldwick,  H.,  Invercargill 

Green,  J  ,  Pcoi  Chalmers. 

Hislop,  T.  W.,  Waitaki. 

Hodgkittson,  8.,  Riverton. 

Joyce,  J.  P.,  Wallace. 


Macandrew,      Hon. 

Dunedin  Qty. 
Manders,  H.,  Wakatipu. 
McLean,  G.,  Waikouaiti. 
Murray,  W.  A.,  Bruce. 
Oliver,  R.  Dunedin  City. 
Pyke,  v.,  Dunstan. 
Beaton.  J.,  Caversham. 
Shiimski,  8.  E.,  Waitaki. 
Stout,  Hon.  R.,  Dunedin 

City. 


J.,     Shanka,  T..  — — ■»- 

Thomson,  J.  W.,  dutha. 
Maori  Membere : 
Nabe,  Hem.  H.,  Weatarn 

TUaroa,  H. 
Maori. 


Maori. 

T^witl,  H.  K.,  Nortlieni 
Maori. 


F.  E.  Campbell  (Clerk  qf  Pariiamonf). 

Queensland. 

1st  Pariiament,  opened  May  29,  186D  ;  disM>tTed  May  SS, 

1863. 


Season  L— isea 

IL— 1861. 

IIL— 180SL 

IV.— 1802. 

v.— 186S. 


It 


•» 


» 


From  May  29  to  September  18. 

April  80  to  Aiunut  18. 
January  8  to  Jwaamrj  14. 
April  29  to  July  9l 
April  21  to  May  29. 


ft 


»• 


f> 


tad  Purliament^  opened  July  22, 1868 ;  dissolved  May  20, 

1867. 


Session  L— 1868. 

II.—1864. 
III.— 1866. 
IV.-18e6. 

v.— 1867. 


»i 
It 


It 
t» 


From  July  22  to  September  21 

April  26  to  Septnnber  1& 
May  2  to  September  14. 
Ainril  10  to  Oetober  2S. 
May  7  to  May  28. 


t» 
tt 
ti 
tt 


Srd  Parliament,  opened  August  7,  1867 ;  dissolved  Au- 
gust 27,  1868. 

Session  I.— 1867-8.  From  Aug.  7, 1867,  to  Maidi  4, 1888L 

„      n.— 1868.       „      August  4  to  August  20. 

4th  Parliament^  opened  November  18,  1868;  dissolved 

July  IS,  1870. 

Sesrion  L— 1868-9.  From  Nov.  18, 1868  to  Apr.  22, 1800L 

XL— 1869.       „      May  4  to  September  14. 
in. —1870.        „     April  26  to  May  6. 
IV.— 1870.        „      July  6  to  July  12. 

6th  Parliamenti  opened  November  16,  1870;  diisolved 

June  21, 1871. 

Seasiou  I.— 1870.    From  Nov.  16  to  December  27. 

II.— 187L       ..      April  12  to  June  20. 


tt 
tt 
tt 


tt 


tt 


6th  Parliament,  opened  November  8,  1871;  dissolved 

September  1, 187S. 

Session  I.— 1871-2.  From  Nov.  8, 1871,  to  Jan.  22, 1872. 
IL-  1872.        „      April  16  to  August ». 
III.— 1873.        „      May  28  to  July  16. 


tt 
tt 


7th  Parliament,  opened  January  7, 1874. 

Session  I.— 1874,    Fh>m  January  7  to  July  21. 

II.— 1876.       „     April  27  to  September  la 
IIL— 187&       „     May  23  to  December  1. 
IV.— 1877.       „     May  16  to  November  & 


tt 
tt 


tt 


LiR  or  Mbmbbrs  or  trb  Lboislatitb  Oouvcn,  187B. 
President— Hon.  Joshua  Peter  BeU. 


Cftotrman  qfCommitteee— 

Hon.  C.  H.  Buzaoott  (Post- 
master-General) 
William  Draper  Box 
Alfred  Henry  Brown 
Eyies  Irwin  C  Browne 
James  CowUshaw 
George  Edmondstooe 
John  Clarke  Foote 
James  Gibbon 
Francis  Thomas  Gre- 

gory 
Frederick     Hamilton 

Hart 

John  C.  Heussler 

William  Hobbs 

Louis  Hope 

William  Fredk.  Lam- 
bert 


The  Hon  Daniel  FoleyRoberta 
Hon.        John      fVederiek 
McDounll 
Charles  Stuart  MeiD 
Chas.  Sydney  D.  Mel- 
bourne 
John  Mullen 
Thos.  Lodge  Unrnj- 

Prior 
Kevin  laod  ODoherty 
WiUiam  FetUgrew 
Gordon  Sandeman 
Heniy  George  Simpson 

JameeSwaa 
James  Taylor 
William  Thornton 
John  Saigent  Tomer 
William  Heniy  Waldi 
William  Dttcketft  White 


tt 
tt 


tt 
tt 


tt 
tt 


tt 
tt 


tt 
tt 


tt 
tt 


tt 


PARLIAMENTS. 


201 


Lm  OP  MaaamaB  or  tbv  Lmulaiitb  Ambiblt,  ISTVl 

taUgay  TIm  Hon.  fttriek  PerUnfl  (Secr»- 

tary  for  Public  LmmSs) 

Bdomw Jaood  Low 

BM^ftU Aichibald  Archer 

Bowen Honiy  Beggars  Baor 

BiWane  (North)    Hon.   Samuel   Walker    Oiifflth, 

Q.C. ;  Hon.  Arthur  Hunter 
nhner  (Oolonial  Secretary 
and  Secretary  for  Public  In- 
■truction) 

Brisliane  (South) Richard  Ash  Kinfrfold,  Angus 

Mackay 

Bundamba    William  Hendren 

Balimba    Frederick  Swanwick 

Bomett William  Henry  Baynes 

Borke « Roser  Hall  Sheaife 

Gununron John  de  Polx-lVrel 

demiont H.Weld-Blundell 

Oook John  Walsh,  Vn±  A.  Cooper 

Mbj George  Morris  Sfanpeon 

TMsag  Downs    William  Miles*  fYands  Kates 

Drayton  and  ToowoombaWilliam   Henry  Qroom,   O.   H. 

Davenport 
Enoggera Hon.  Jas.   R.  Dickson,  Arthur 

Rutledge 

haifem  De  Burgh  F.  Perse 

Fortitude  Valley Hon.  R.  Prinff 

Gregory Charles  Lunuey  Hill 

Gympie John  Hamilton 

lytnch Hon.   John    Malbon  Thompson 

(Minister    of    JustloeX    John 

MacCsrlane 
KcDnedy  H.  W.  Palmer,  Francis  Horace 

Stubley 
Lddihsidt  John  Scott  (Chairman  <tf  Com- 

mitteesV,  Tacaut 

Logsa Peter  McLean 

Mackay Francis  Tynen  Amhurst 

Maryborough  Hon.  John  Doufflas,  C  M.O..  Hon. 

Henrv  Edward  King(8peaker) 

T^**Mwa .....James Lalor 

Mitchell Boyd  Dunlop  Morehead 

Moreton James  Francis  Garrick 

Xn^ve Hon.  Thomas  Mcllwraith  (Colo* 

nial  Treasurer) 

Kormanl^    John  Stevenson 

Northern  Downs Vacant 

Oxley Samuel  Crimes 

Port  Curtis  Albert  Norton 

Sockhampton Thomas  Maodonald-Pfttersoo,  W. 

Rae 

Roiewood Archibald  Meston 

StMsley P.  CSulUvan,  Wm.  KeUett 

Townsville    J.    M.  Marmsssn   (Minister  for 

Works  and  Mines) 

WftTTMo   Ernest  James  Stevens 

Warwick   Jacob  Horwits 

Wide  Bay W.  Q.  Bailey,  Thos.  Priosu 

Lewis  Adolphus  Bemays,  F.L.&  (CIsrI;  Cff  the  Legit- 
lative  At$enMy). 

SoiTTH  Australia. 

Ist  Parliament,  opened  April  22, 1867 ;  diHolred  March  8, 

1800. 

Sesrion  L— 1867-a  From  April  22, 1857,  to  Jan.  27, 1867. 
„      II.— 185&       „     Aug.  27  to  December  24. 


t> 


la— 1860. 


fl 


April  29  to  September  1. 


2nd  Plarliamentt  opened  April  27, 1860 ;  dissolved  Octo- 
ber 22, 1862. 

Session  L— 1860.    From  April  27  to  October  17. 
„      II.— 1861.       „     April  26  to  December  8. 
„    IIL— 1802.       „     April  25  to  October  2L 


Srd  Parliament^  opened  February  27,  186S ;  dissolved 
January  26, 186& 

Sesskm  1.-1868.    From  February  27  to  Nov.  12. 
IL— 1864.       ..     May  27  to  Deoember  0. 


r» 


>f 


4th  FtallMnsB^epned  March  81, 1865;  diHolved  March 

26,1868. 

Session  1.^1866.    From  March  81  to  August  4. 

„      II.— 1866-6.     „    September  20, 1866,  to  March 
16,1866. 

„    III.— 1866-7.     „    June  16, 1866,  to  January  11, 

1867. 

„    rv.— 1867.        „    July  5  to  Deoember  19. 

6th  Parliament,  opened  July  81,  1868 ;  dissolved  |Iarch 

2,1870. 

Session  L— 1868-9.    From  July  81,  1868,  to  January 

80,1860. 

IL— 1869-7a      „     July  80,  1860,  to  February 
28, 1870. 


ff 


6th  Parliament,  opened  May  27, 1870 ;  dissolved  Novem- 
ber 28, 1871.  ^ 

Session  I.— 1870-71.    From  May  27,  1870,  to  January 

18, 1871. 

„     IL— 1871.  „    July  28  to  November  2S. 

7th   Parliament,  opened    January    19,  1872 ;  dissolved 

January  14, 1876. 

Sesrion  1.^1872.    From  January  19  to  November  80. 
„      IL— 1878.       „     July  26  to  December  18. 
„    IIL— 1874.       „      April  80  to  November  6. 


8th  Parliament,  opened  May  6, 1876 ;  dissolved. 
Session  I.— 1876.    From  May  6  to  October  16. 
„      II. — 1876.       „     November  10  to  November  SQL 
„     May  26  to  November  17. 


„    IIL-1876. 

„    iv.-isn. 


tf 


May  81  to  December  21. 


Lmr  OP  Mbmbus  op  thb  Lboiblatitb  Coukcil,  1879l 
Fresidsnt— Hon.  Sir  Wm.  Milne. 


Hon.  Sir  Henry  Ayers, 
K.C.M.O. 

Richard  Chaff ev  Baker. 
Allen  OampbelL 
John  Crosier. 
Walter  Duffield. 
Joseph  Fisher 
Alexander  Hay. 
John  Hodgkiss. 


It 


>» 
ft 


tt 
tt 


tt 


Hon.  Thomas  Hoearth. 
Henry  Kent  Bugfaes. 
Charles  Morgan. 
James  Pearoe. 
Wm.  Sandover. 
Phillip  Santo. 
Henry  Soott 
Robert  Alfred  .Tariton. 
Charles  Barney  Toung. 


tt 
tt 


It 
It 


tt 
tt 


tt 


ft 


LiR  OP  MniimBii  op  thb  Houbb  op  Assbcblt,  1879. 
Speaker^SUr  George  Strickland. 


tt 
tt 


tt 
tt 


It 


tt 


tt 


Mr.  Thomas  Atkinson. 

Frederick  Basedow. 

WoL  Henry  Bean. 

Oaleb  Peacock. 

John  Boeworth. 

William  Alexander 
Erskine  West 

David  Bower. 

John  Cox  Bray. 

Henry  Edward  Bright. 
,,    William  Henry  Bundey. 
Hon.  John  Carr. 
Mr.  Wentworth  Cavansffh. 

Patrick  B^ce  Coglm. 

Ebeneaer  Cooke. 

John  Darling. 

John  William  Downer. 

George  Swan  Fowler. 

Hugh  Fraser. 
,,    Luke  Uddiard  Fumer. 
Hon.  Lavington  Glyde. 
Mr.  Arthur  Hardy. 
,,    Charles  Simeon  Hare. 
Hon.   George  Chartes 
Hawker. 


Mr.  Rodolph  Wilhelm  Emil 

Henning. 
Hon.  Thomas  King. 
Mr.  Friedrich  EdouardHeln- 

rich  Wullf  Krichauff. 
„    Albert  Henry  Landsew. 
„    William  James  Magarey 
Hon.  Charles  Maim. 
Mr.  David  Moody. 
„    William   Ranson   Mort- 

lock. 
„    John  Langdon  Parsons. 
Hon.  Thomas  Playford. 
Mr.  WUliam  Q^nn. 
„    Rowland  Rees. 
„    Robert  Dalrymple  Ross. 

Wm.   Benjamin    Roun- 
sevelL 

James  Shannon. 

William  Knox  Simms. 

Edward  Thomas  Smith. 

Frands  William  Stokes. 

William  Townaend. 

Ebeneser  Ward, 

James  White. 


It 


tt 


PABUAMENTS. 


Ho.  Of 

Wo. 

8«- 

DaUofOpaitiig. 

sass 

•1 

t 

DMomber  E,  IB6S 

October  IS,  IS6T 
Septoibei  7, 1868 

June  fi,  IB5T 
Febnarj  26,  1SS8 

I»Hlyed,]I>ya,lSSl 

"-! 

! 

j^^^"^ 

Febn»rTl,lM2 
DlBalTeil,6ct2I,lBK 

m.- 

i 

October'lS,  1SS3 
July  18, 188S 

Much  25,  1S«3 

Oi.lober  IT,  1^ 
Septembei  El,  ISSil 

sopinmbM  as,  laos 

Berber  lolises 

"{ 

1 

NoTeniber20,ie«9 

October  11,  18ST 

OctobKlS,UnO 

Dl«olied,Aug.7,18n 

M 

! 

K."^&"" 

December  21  lOTl 
Auguit  18, 1ST2 

"1 

> 
7 

Ootobor  ajl872 

OctoboT  SB,  18J5 
*SS^1877 

Deconber  27,  1872 
October  31,  Ign 
BcptcDiboi  18, 18T4 
SeptembBT  30. 1S7S 
Norember  3,  ISTS 

Jbhuiij  tT,  1B7I 

Lot  w  Mmua  or  Lhoibutiti  Cooiol,  1B7B. 
[Bj  tbe  Qaem'i  onlsr,  Uembera  ot  the  L^iahitlTe  Cooiull 
wd  tbe  %«ker  ot  Uie  Hoiue  of  Ancinblf  take  UieUcleol 
"HobotuIb."    TlienpiTtB  vlthln  puvntbeeeR  flgrilfy  the 
Dnmberaf  Vemben  tut  the  dlalrlcta  k  muksd.] 

Habut(B) Aimew  Junn  WUUhi 

nim,,^^/^  i  Alkenheajl  JuDca  (Chairvtan  of 

■nnmril) -j     camnMHa) 

Cunenn  DodaM 

ChEpmui  Th«.  Duiel 

,_,..  CrowtlMT  WlUUni  L. 

LoDgfor^  DodcryWUliun 

Meuuler    Field  Tfaamu  WUltaoi 

Dwweot    Qelllbnnd  Wkller  A.  B. 

Newland*  !'"'-*■-■■!!!  Inna  Frederick  lullkad 

Pembroke LordJunee 

Cuabrldge    LardJohu 

Jgrdan  Ukcluuchu  Jimea 

Henv  Uoore  WlllUm 

Hum KoborlKiD  June*  Tbomu 

HohMtp) (Wll»iiarJ.M..K.GlLa.('JV«*- 


Horlolk  Plain  .. 
QoeeDborougfa.. 

dioicRiir 

BMtD«r«o  

Binsiiood 

WeOlnfftaa   .... 

OeoneT 

SonO  .. 


..Batlw  Hon.  Henry  (SpimlKr) 
...Clwk  Andres  luitllg 

..Ovwtker  Ednid  Lodewyk 
...DoUeoa  Hon.  Alfred 


...D^Junti 
.  ..Doufas  Adyi 
...OetUnndW 


mSt  Pwil 
..Olblin  Hon.  wmiUBBehwt 
.  .ODiBOn  Oeorre 
. .  0«BI  Jamee  AmdaU 
.  .Hut  WUHun 


....KeufcOeaise  WUUun 

'( LMta  Henry  BiatffCltairmam  af 
■  ■  \     CtaHHiUeu) 
.   T.astii  IWirffI 

L  Chulee 


Kiiigb«oa*b  ..,.,,..,,, ^  _,._.  , 

OMibnda    POUnger  AUred  T] 

W«ib<U7 Balbciy  Hon.  TbDB_ 

HevKoilalk Klddodi  Aleiuder 

FnuUin    KlibyJaaepb  Ednrd 

»_!.  — 1 — .  g^i^  Qeotgt 


Kcot 

Mo. 

ion 

Data  of  0|Mii]iv. 

D.Uoiao*i«« 

i 

■ 

NoTemberU,UST 

June  i.  IBM 

AugnB9.1MB(a) 

•^i 

October  IS,  18B0 
Nonoilw  a),  lUO 

juir  11, 1801  (D.) 

-{ 

'. 

JuovytO,UM 

JnmULlBS 

jSSflSsi^"" 
A^^2S.iaM(D.> 

"{ 

'l"™'-"~ 

iM^i^i«u,iaai(D.) 

'- 

i 

September  ID.  18S7 
De«mb«»0,l887GD-) 

^ 

\ 

MuchlS.19« 
Febmuy  U,  18W 

September  »,  im 
Deeember  2B,  lan 

SSS,S.um 

JuniuyB,18n(D.) 

"( 

i 

Apru  u,  ten 

A^  30  1872 

NoyemberIt,Ur71 
UeRii>,1874'(l>.) 

™-{ 

1 

Hay  U,  1874 
JuJ  1^1878 

I>eoamberU,t874 
April  7. 18T8 
ItaaemberB,187S 
April  2S,lSn(D.) 

a. 

1 

MV21.18T7 

Ap,fl».187e 

PARLIAMENTS. 


203 


Ur  or  M»M»»M  Of  LioiBLJnva  CMnictt,  1879. 

Ontnl  ProTinca Hewn  Dr. 

„  Lorimer,  O. 

„  Qrabun  Junes 

„  Saryood  Frederick  Tbanav 

„  Somno' Tbeodoins  Jolrn 

Sooth  Pxovinoe    Bacbaoaa  James 

„  Clarke  W.J. 

„  Balfour  James 

„  Dobeon  Frank  Stanley 

„  Hamilton  TbooMM  F. 

Sooth   Western     Pro- j  Camming  John 

Tinoe ( Henty  James 

I  Jenner  Caleb  Joshua  (ChalnBan 

»»  1    of  Committees) 

„  Cutbbert  Henry 

„  Belcher  Qeo.  Frederick 

iMUra  Prof  luce Anderson  Robert  Stiriinff 

„  Highett  William 

„  Rdd  Robert  D. 

n  Wallace  John  Alston 

,,  Wilson  Willitin 

W«ftem  Province Sladan  Sir  Charles,  K.CBl 

„  BromelfThos. 

,,  Wilson  Sir  Samuel 

„  BkhTkNeU 

Boss  William 

Haifa   Western    Pro- J  Campbell  William 
▼faiee ( flti^rftld  Nicholas 

,,  Fruer  Alexander 

(mtcbell  Sir  Wm.   H.  Fueonrt 

»»  (     (President) 

„  Robertson  Fnnds 

Lnr  OF  Mkxbkbs  or  LBoiSLAnvB  Asskmblt,  1879. 

Aant(l) Gsnnson  David 

AToca  (2)  Davies  Benjamin  Gsorg* 

^  Orant  James  M'Pherson 

Bril«atBMt(2) {'^'^^)^  (Chairman  of  Com- 

„  Brophy  D. 

Bdlaiat  West  (3) Fincham  O.  R. 

,,  Smith  Major  WUliam  CoUard 

„  BeUH. 

BirwonQ)    Ince  J. 

BdliMt  (1) CyShanassy  Sir  John 

Benambra(l)  Wright  P. 

Boroondara  (1) Smith  Robert  M. 

Bourke  East  (I)  Ramii^  Robert 

Bonrke  East  Boroughs  (l)Cook  W.  M. 

Bourke  South  (1)   Feignsson  James 

Bourke  West  (2) Ouneron  D. 

,,  Deakin  J. 

Bilsliton  (1) Bent  Thomas 

Canton  (1) M unro  James 

CMtlemaine  (2)    Pearson  Chas.  H. 

,,  Patteraon  Jas.  Brown 

OiDrngwood  (2) LangHdge  O.  D. 

„  Mirams  James 

Creswick  (8) Richardson  Richard 

M Cooper  T. 

„  Sainsbui^H.  H. 

Bilhouaie  (1)    Duffy  John  Qavan 

IMalite(l)  GravesJ.H. 

I>aBdss(l)    SeigeantJohn 

bnenld  am  (2) NimmoJohn 

.,  Lyell  Andrew 

tmyn  (1) Cameron  Ewen  Hugh 

Iwioy  (^ Macgragar  R. 

,«  Tucker  A.  L^ 

Footscmy  (1)    King  M.  L. 

Qeelong(3)   KemotChas. 

„  Beny  Graham 

„  Johnstone  Robert  de  Bruce 

Qipps  Land  North  (2). .  Duffy  Sir  Charles  Qavan 

(SpeakeO 

„  Smyth  F.  L. 

ttipps  Land  South  (1). .    Mason  F.  Q 

Giant  South  (2)  Lalor  Peter 

Bam  J 
Granville  (2) . . .  '.    Bird  j! 

„  Davies  D.  M. 

Kara  Kan  (1)  Dow  J.  L. 

Kilmore  and  Anglesey  (l)Hunt  Thoa 


Kyneton  Boroughs  (1)    Young  Chas. 

Maldon  (1) Service  James 

Mandiimng  (8) Casey  James  Joseph 

„  Mo<n«  ThmnpsOQ 

M  Williamsak 

Maiyborougli  and  Tal- )  Barr  J.  M. 

hot  (2) jBowman  R. 

Melboune  Esst  (2) Smith  A.  K. 

„  Zox  E.  L. 

Melbourne  North  (2)  ..    Laurens  J. 

„  Story  Joseph 

Melbcfume West (2)   ..    Andrews/ 

„  O'Loghlen  Sir  Bryan 

Moira  (2)  OrrJ. 

9f  Sharpe  G. 

MormogtonCl). PurvesJ,  L. 

Nonnaaby(l) l^rtherleigh W. 

Ovens  (I)  Kerferd  George  Briscoe 

„  Bilson  George 

Polwarth    and    South )  ^.tt-^  nr  r 

GrenviUe  (1) |  O  Hea  W.  J. 

Portland  (1) Cope  Thomas 

Richinond(2)  Bosisto  Joseph 

f,  Smith  L.  L. 

Ripon  and  Hampden  (l)L.Longmore  Frauds 
Bodnoy  (2)    Fraser  Simon 

..  Gillies  Duncan 

8aBdhniBt(8)  Clark  R 

„  Madtay  Angus 

,)  M'lnt^  J. 

8a»]Hdgs(l)    Madden  John,  L.L.D. 

8taweU(l) WoodsJohn 

StKUda(2) Dixon  E.  J. 

,9  Carter  George  D. 

Vmienand  Heytesbury )  Bayles  William 

(2)    /DwyerJ. 

Wsxraambool  Q.) Frauds  James  Goodall 

WlUismstown  (1) Clark  Alfred  Thomas 

Wimmera  CQ    M'Bain  James 

,•  Clark  R. 


WssTERN  Australia. 

Lbt  or  Minnffliis  or  Exmcanvm  Oorarcib,  1898. 

Governor |Sir^^^8t.  Geoige  Oni,  C.B., 

Commandant Hon.  Lieut -OoiloneIE.D.  Harvest 

Colonial  Secretary Hon.  Roger  7?uckflddGoldswartt9 

Surveyor  General  Hon.  Malodm  Ftaser 

Attorney  General  Hon.  H.  H.  Hocking 

Liar  or  **■"■"■  or  thb  I^oisLAnvi  Couvo&y  ISTV. 

OffldaZ  Memben. 

Colonial  Secrrtaiy Hon.  R  Goldsworthy 

Attorney  General   Hon.  H.  H.  Hocking 

Surveyor  General   Hon.  Malcolm  Ftaser 

Nominee  Merkbert. 

Stephen  Stanley  Parker         George  Glyde 
R.  W.  Hartley  Septunus  Burt 

SUcted  Memben. 

4n»^„  ( Sir  T.  Cockbum  Gampbtil,  Bttt 

'^^""y t     (Ghaiiman  of  Committees) 

vasse  ..•••.••••••••••••X.  !/•  uarey 

Flremantle  (2) W.  E.  Mannlon 

,f  ••••••••  WW  •  D«  1;  eajso 

Oeraldton Maitiand  Brown 

Qreenooi^    C.  Crowtber 

Swan E.  R.  Brockman 

Murray  and  Williams   .  .8.  R.  Hammersley 

North    Charles  Harper 

Perth(2) SirL.S.  Leake  (Speaker) 

.,  S.  H.  Parker 

Toodyay    Geo.  Shenton 

Wdllngton   {'•°ij;;,f*~"<'^*'^*^ 

York  J.T.  Mongsc 

[See  CoNsrrruTioN.] 


204 


PARLIAMENTARY  AGENT— PEDDER. 


PARUAMENTARY  AGENT. 

Appointment  of  Parliamentary  Agent  in 
Enffuuid  for  the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales 
oomerred  on  the  Hon.  Francis  Scott,  M.P. 
for  Roxburgh,  to  represent  the  interest  of 
the  Colony  m  the  House  of  Commons  at  a 
salary  of  £500  a  year.  1844.  Act  passed  ap- 
pointing him  agent  for  N.S.W.  for  tmree  years, 
Oct.  30,  1846  ;  re-appointed  for  one  year  ending 
August  3,  1849. 

Edward  W.  T.  Hamilton  appointed  agent  for 
the  Colony  of  N.S.W.,  resiaent  in  London, 
January  20,  1863.  [SeeAovsT  Colonial  ;  €tUo, 
Hamilton,  Edwabd  William  Terbick.] 

PARRAMATTA. 

Settlement  of  then  GU>vemment  farm,  called 
Rose  Hill,  at  the  head  of  ti&e  navigation  of  the 
harbour,  fifteen  miles  distant  from  Sydney, 
February  16,  1788. 

Rose  Hill,  becoming  a  regular  town,  had  its 
name  changed  to  Parramatta,  June  14,  1791. 

John  Macarthur  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  settlement  at  Parramatta,  January, 
1793. 

St.  John's,  C.E.,  Parramatta,  completed, 
September  29, 1796. 

School  opened  by  Mr.  TuU.  1797.  [The 
School  was  conducted  by  Mr.  TuU  until  1877.] 

First  *' Independent"  service  in  New  South 
Wales  held  here,  by  Mr.  James  Cover.     1798. 

Instructions  issued  by  Qovemor  King  to  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Marsden  upon  delecatins  to  him 
the  general  superintendence  of  the  Pcuice  Con- 
vict Settlement  and  Government  Affairs  at 
Parramatta,  September  28,  1800. 

St.  John's  Church,  Parramatta,  opened,  April, 
1803. 

First  R.  C.  Service  held  at  Parramatta  by 
Rev.  James  Dixon,  May  24,  1803. 

Boatmen's  fares  to  Parramatta  arranged,  July 
6,  1833.    [See  Qovsbnmknt  Ordsrs.] 

The  foundation  stone  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land parsonage,  Parramatta,  laid  by  the  daughter 
of  Rev.  Samuel  Marsden,  May  5,  1816. 

First  Wesleyan  Chapel  opened  in  Macquarie- 
street,  Sydney,  April  21,  1821. 

Observatory  built  by  Mr.  Dunlop,  Astro- 
nomer, 1822. 

Parramatta  Show.  First  prize  for  best 
thoroughbred  colt  awarded  to  Sir  John  Jamie- 
son's  horse,  "  Bennelong  "  which  afterwards  won 
many  races  on  tiie  turf  of  the  colony,  October  4, 
1827. 

School  of  Industry  opened,  July  1,  1829. 

An  Act  was  passed  by  the  Legislative  Council 
of  New  South  Wales  to  compel  married  men  to 
withdraw  their  wives  from  the  female  factory 
at  Parramatta  or  to  maintain  them  after  the 
expiration  of  their  service,  September  14, 
1829. 

Darinff  robbery  of  St.  John's  Parsonage  (Rev. 
S.  Marsden).  A  quantity  of  valuable  property, 
and  the  communion  plate  of  St.  John's  Cnurch 
carried  off.    November  26,  1879. 


Annual  conference  with  the  aboriginals  in  the 
Market  Place,  by  Governor  Darlia^  Januazy, 
1830. 

Foundation  of  Kind's  School  by  the  Home 
Government;  Rev.  Sobert  Forrest  first  Head 
'  Master,  May,  1831.  [Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke, 
Simpson,  Troughton,  Wslker,  H.  Hobart,  Thos. 
Druitt,  H.  Armitage,  and  G.  F.  Macauihur 
were  the  successive  Head  Masters  sinoe.  The 
present  building  was  completed  about  the  year 
1836.  The  Kind's  School  was  closed  from  1866 
to  1869,  and  then  xe-<^)ened  by  the  present 
Head  Master.] 

Lady  Elizabeth  Jane  Bonrke,  wife  of  Sir 
Richani  Bourke,  K.C.B.,  Governor  of  New 
South  Wales,  died  at  Parramatta,  aced  66.  She 
was  buried  in  tiie  Church  of  England  cemetery, 
Parramatta,  May  7,  1832. 

Kinflf s  School  (present  building)  Parramatta, 
openecU  November  8,  1856. 

Abbott,  gaoler,  was  shot  in  the  gaol*  and 
three  prisoners  made  their  escape,  Iiecember, 
1842. 

Observatory  dosed,  1847. 

Lady  Mary  Fitasroy  killed  December,  1847> 

PARRY,  Sir  Edwabd. 

Celebrated  Polar  navigator,  arrived  in  Sydney 
December  28,  1829. 

Sir  William  Edward  Parry,  Arctic  explorer, 
and  for  some  years  commissioner  of  the  Aus- 
tralian Agricultural  Company,  died  1866. 

PARDONS.  Lieutenant  King  arrived  in  the 
"  Gorgon"  with  his  Majesty's  authority  to  grant 
absolute  or  conditional  pardon  toanumMrof 
convicts.    September  21,  1791. 

PATERSON,  LiEUTENANT-GoYBRNOB.  Captain 
Paterson,  late  Lieutenant-Governor,  emfauked 
for  England  in  the  "  Britannia,"  September  29, 
1796. 

PATERSON  RrvxR ;  settlement  on,  formed, 
181& 

PATERSON,  Colonel,  succeeded  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Foveaux.  Colonel  Pftterson,  as  supe- 
rior military  officer  at  the  time  of  BUgh's  sus- 
pension, was  entitled  to  the  office  of  Lientenant- 
Govemor,  and  remarked  in  the  proclamation 
announcing  his  assumption  that  ''Successive 
causes  had  until  that  period  protracted  his 
receiving  the  trust  that  devolved  on  him  for  the 
time  being."    January  9,  1809. 

Colonel  Paterson  and  lady  embarked  for 
England,  April  17,  18ia 

PATnSON,  Robert  Lorn,  Captain  of  the 
**  Rose,"  one  of  the  first  coastinff  steamers  of 
New  South  Wales,  died  October  10,  1877. 

PEDDER,  Sir  John  Lewis,  Bart.,  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  Tasmania^  died,  1860. 


PEDESTRIANISM. 


205 


PEDESTRIANISM,  &c. 

Old  Bacecoane  (Hyde  Park)  SydnOT— Dicky  Dovling  to 
aarry  14at  ana  run  60  yudB,  whust  another  ran  bade- 
mids  and  forwaids  same  distance;  Dowling  won. 
October.  1810. 

Hvde  Puv— 100  yards  to  be  run  by  Lieutenant  Ray- 
mond, while  Oaptain  Olenholm  rode  the  same  dis- 
tance ;  the  Uentenant  won.    Julj  24, 1811. 

FuTunatta  RacecourBO— Mr.  T.  NlchoUs  and  ICr.  J. 
Lawwm,  200  yards.  The  first  trial  resulted  in  a  dead 
beat;  Mr.  NichoUs  won  the  run  off.  September  26. 
1819. 

Hvde  Parit— ▲  200  yards  backwards  race  took  place 
between  two  amateurs,  which  was  won  by  8  yards  In 
one  minute.    August  18, 1880. 

ftmmatta  Road— A  man  leaped  over  three  horses, 
Januaxy  16, 1882. 

Great  foot  race  at  CSampbelltown  between  Merritt  and 
Warby,  two  celebrated  runners;  both  dafaned  the 
victory.    May  22, 1888. 

Pfemmatta  Road—Welch  and  Farrell,  100  yards.  The 
winner  had  a  wooden  1^  and  recelTed  10  yards  start. 
May  6, 1884. 

Bununatta  Road— A  gentleman,  for  a  stake  of  £10  and 
a  dinner,  undertook  to  run  a  mile  in  6mln.  SOsec. ;  he 
won  by  Ssec.    March  81. 1836. 

Pammatta  Road— T.  Wall  and  G.  Heame  ran  a  100 
j'ards  backwards  race  for  £20 ;  Heame  won ;  time, 
ISsec    May  4, 1886. 

Hunt  undertook  to  walk  from  Macquarie  Place  to  Parra- 
matta,  against  time— 8  hours ;  time  taken,  2h.  61min. 
October  13, 1840. 

EUxabeth-street— W.  Sparkesand  W.  Burcher,  200  yards, 
£20 ;  Burcher  won  by  6  yards.    January  27,  1842. 

Parramatta  Road— The  fitmous  Flying  Pieman  (King) 
undertook  to  walk  from  Macquarie  Place  to  IreUuxf  s 
public-house,  carrying  Ost. ,  in  3  h.  20  mln.  He  carried 
a  boy,  making  up'  the  wcdght  with  shot,  and  won  with 
9  min.  to  spare.    October  28, 1842. 

8t  Aubin's— Abraham  NichoHs,  of  Scone,  picked  up  100 
■tones,  yard  apart,  dropping  each  into  a  iNhsket  (about 
&|  miles).    Time,  1  h.  42  mln.    December  26, 1844. 

Peterdiam— One  mile,  between  N.  Dillon  and  a  native 
boy,  latter  rMdving  20  yards  start,  and  won  easy. 
January  24, 1846. 

Windsor— Mad  Arthur  and  Kurragong  Sawyer  to  roll 
from  Freeman's  Australian  Hotel  to  Blanchard's  Sign- 
post ;  the  sawyer  won  in  9  min.  The  same  distance 
was  done  immediately  afterwards  in  6  min.  by  Black 
Bobby.    It  was  Tory  muddy.    September  13, 1846. 

Woolpack,  Petersham— A  wager  was  laid  that  a  man 
would  go  one  mile  without  touching  the  ground,  and 
would  not  be  drawn  or  ride ;  it  was  aooomplishea  on  a 
bicycle.    December  8, 1846. 

Windsor— Thompson  and  an  aboriginal  (NeddyX  £20, 
100  yards ;  Thompson  won  by  a  foot  December  9, 1846. 

Cook's  River  Road— Nap  Dillon  and  Smith  (the  Flying 
TailorX  ^00  jrards,  £10  a-ride ;  Dillon  won  by  14  yards. 
March  8,  1847. 

nyde  Park— H.  Manuel  and  J.  Famell,  150  yards,  £20 ; 
Manuel  won  by  6  yards,    ^ril  8, 1847. 

Maitland — On  a  Friday  the  Flying  Pieman  was  backed 
to  pick  up  100  cobs  of  com,  yard  apart.  In  66  mln. : 
won  by  2  mln.  On  the  Saturday  he  walked  6  miles 
for  a  woffer— no  time  given ;  and  on  the  Monday,  at  8 
o'clock,  he  conunenoed  to  walk  192  miles  in  48  hoius, 
the  conditions  being  not  to  stop  for  a  minute ;  three 
men  to  watch  him— one  to  keep  tally,  second  to 
keep  a  flre  going,  and  the  other  asleep.  At  the  end  of 
the  first  24  nours  he  had  accomplished  102  miles.  He 
failed  in  the  attempt  August  27, 1847. 
Maitland  Racecourse — King,  the  Flying  Pieman,  success- 
fully aocompllshed  the  feat  of  walking  192  miles  in  48 
hours :  time,  46  h.  80  min.  September  28, 1847. 
Maitland— King  successfully  accomplished  the  great  feat 
of  walking  1000  quarter  miles  in  1000  quarter  hours, 
at  the  back  of  the  Fitzroy  Hotel,  November  8, 1847. 

Maitland,  "  Fitsroy  Hotel' —Flying  Pieman  to  perform 
the  following  in  1  h.  80  sec.,  which  he  won  by  46  sec. 
Started  at  8*20  p.m. :— Ran  a  mile,  8-36-80 ;  walked  a 
mile,  8*47-46 ;  wheeled  a  wheelbarrow  ^  mile,  8*67-2 ; 
2^  minutes  rest ;  drew  a  gig  with  a  lady  in  it  i^  mile. 
4*13-16 ;  at  4*16  he  commenced  to  walk  backwards  | 
mile,  4*24-47 ;  rest,  21  min. ;  picked  up  60  stones, 
4*43-30;  now  had  15}  min.  to  perform  60  leaps, 
4*58-15.    December  26, 1847. 


DungQg— Flying  Pieman  wheeled  a  barrow  one  ndle, 
took  60  flying  leaps,  picked  up  60  stones  yard  apart, 
ran  backward  |  mile ;  after  this  he  carried  a  live  goat 
weighing  SOlbs. ,  1|  mile  in  12  mln.    January  8, 1848. 

Dungog— Flying  Pieman,  600  half  miles  in  600  half 
hours,  accompanied  by  his  dog  Fklthful,  which  was 
knocked  up.    February  28, 1848. 

Singleton— Flyinsr  Pieman  walked  backwards  ^  mile,  6 
min ;  ran  a  mile.  7^  mln. ;  wheeled  a  barrow  1  mile,  Ifr 
mln. ;  60  leaps,  2  ft.  6  in.,  10  ft.  apart,  6  min.  26  sec. ; 
60  stones,  yud  apart,  14  min. ;  walked  a  mile,  11  min. ; 
wheeled  a  cart  4  mile,  20  min. ;  won  by  8^  min.  The 
whole  was  to  be  done  In  90  min.  He  stopped  1  mhu 
46  sec.    April  28, 1848. 

Singleton— Flying  Pieman  to  do  00  miles  in  12  hours- 
completed  60  miles  in  11  hours  40  minutes ;  he  walked 
several  yaxds  over  the  measured  mile.    May  4,  1848. 

Flying  Pieman  beat  the  coach  from  Brisbane  to  Ipswich 
by  one  hour,  carrying  a  carriage  pole  100  lbs.  weight. 
October,  1848. 

Parramatta— Ben  Waisford  and  Tom  New,  160  yards; 
Watsford,  2  yards.    December  U,  1848. 

Hyde  Park-  Paddy  Shidalr  and  Hoppy  Meharty,  100 
yards;  Meharty  by  6  yards.  After  the  above  the 
latter  ran  a  match  with  "Little  BiUy  the  Tkllor,*' 
which  he  won.    January  8, 1840. 

Hyde  Park— M.  Morrissey  and  E.  Byrnes,  100  yards ; 
won  by  the  latter  by  6  inches.    July  16,  1849. 

Maitland— Mr.  Hughes,  of  Patrick's  Plains,  to  run  10 
miles  in  1  h.  20  min. ;  lost  by  1^  minute.  It  was  rain- 
ing.   November,  1849. 

Waterioo  Flats— M.  Gomerford  and  Nat  Dillon,  ^  mile ; 
Gomerford  won  by  60  yards.    July  1, 1860. 

Hyde  Park— Richards  and  Hutchinson,  latter  8  vards 
start ;  Richards  fell  down.    August  5, 1850. 

Newtown— W.  Sparkes  and  Hanalow,  200  yaxds ;  Hans- 
low  easy.    January  3, 1868. 

Oook's  Rivera-Adelaide  stag  and  W.  Sparkes,  i  mile ; 
stag  won  easy.    Januai7  17, 1843. 

Neiclrs,  Burwood— Adelaide  stag  and  Mr.  Watsfoid, 
100  yards ;  Watsford  by  8  yards.    January  20, 1853. 

Ndch's,  Burwood— Two  hours  after  the  above,  Adelaide 
stag  and  T.  Famell,  160  yards;  Famell,  5  yards. 
January  20, 1858. 

Newtown— Adelaide  stag  and  Hatfield,  200  yards,  £100 ; 
stag  won.    March  21, 1868. 

Oook^  River— Eather  and  Hatfield,  160  yards,  £50; 
Eather  easy.    March  28,  1868. 

Oook's  River— Adelaide  stag  and  FYurnell,  of  Parramatta, 
20O  yards,  £200 ;  Israeli,  2  yards.    April  18, 1853. 

Cook's  River— Eather  and  Famell,  160  yards,  £200; 
Eather  by  less  than  a  foot    April  26, 1863. 

Oook's  River— Alcorn,  of  Maitland,  and  Eather,  of 
Windsor,  100  yards,  £200 ;  Alcora,  2  yards.  May  81. 
1868. 

Oook's  River- Alcora  and  Famell,  100  yards,  £200; 
Fkumell.  2  yards.    June  20, 1858. 

Cook's  River— Alcora  and  Famell,  100  yard^  £100; 
Faraell,  1|  yard.    June  21, 1853. 

Farmer's  Inn,  Parramatta  Road— W.  Origsby,  walking, 
running,  and  wheeling  a  barrow  a  mfle,  and  picking 
up  50  stones,  yard  apart ;  time,  47  minutes.  Perry, 
of  Parramatta,  ran  a  mile  against  time.  July  21. 
1868. 

Maitland— O.  Rutherford,  of  Parramatta,  and  T.  Wise,. 

of    West  Maitland,    100  yards;    Rutherford    eas}'. 

November  7, 1853. 
Essendon- Mr.  Manuel,  of  Victoria,  and  T.  Farnell,  of 

N.S.W.,  100  yards,  £600;  f^amell  won  by  3  yards. 

November,  1863. 
St  Mary's— Pictori  stag  and  Charles  Roberts,  100  yards^ 

£20 :  stag  won.    January  2, 1864. 
Hyde  Park— Dr.  Watsford  and  Thompson,  the  former 

laying  £100  to  latter's  £50 ;  Dr.  won  easy.    January 

16,1864. 
Parramatta— Rutter  and  Perry,  60  yards,  £100 ;  Rutter, 

half  yard.    January  18, 1864. 
Wllberforce— Oxley  and  Bushell,  100  yaxds,  £20 ;  Oxley 

by  one  foot.    May,  1864. 
Gk>ulbura— John  Hul  and  Patrick  Byrne,   100  yards, 

£60 ;  Byrne  by  6  inches.    In  a  retum  match  next  day 

Hill  was  the  winner.    April,  1854. 
Hyde  Park — Rutherford  and  The  Stranger,  100  yards^ 

£50 ;  Rutherford,  4  yards :  time,  10  seconds.    July  3. 

1864. 


206 


PEDESTBIAXnSBL 


Bmxth  Head  Bead— The  elder  of  the  Tbomfte  Brokhen, 
undertaken,  to  walk  from  Spiak'e  pfaUio-boose  to  the 
Idghthouae  and  back  in  S  nours ;  time,  2  h.  43  min. 
The  junior  brother  walked  it  the  next  evtaiog  in  2  h. 
S3  mm.  This  was  beaten  the  next  week  by  9  min. 
Distance,  about  13  milea.    July,  1864. 

Hyde  Park— Great  foot  hurdle  xaoe,  160  yaids,  four 
3  ft.  6  in.  hurdles ;  won  by  Lindsay,  of  Windsor.  July 
81,1864. 

Paxramatta— Rutherford  and  Schofield,  150  yards ;  won 
by  the  former.  Welsh  and  Rutter,  76  yards ;  was  won 
by  Welsh.    Augrust  14, 1864. 

South  Head— Welsh  and  the  Staff,  six  score  shards; 
Welsh,  1  yard.    August  10, 1864. 

Hyde  Park— Welsh  and  Eather,  100  yards,  £60 ;  Welsh 
easy.    August  28, 1854. 

Hyde  Parte— FarneU  and  a  Penrith  boy,  Famell  to  cany 
83  lbs. ;  the  boy  Just  won.    September  18,  1864. 

Surry  Hills  Boundary  Stone— Weldi  and  Fkmell,  £500 
and  championship,  100  yards;  Welsh  won  easy. 
October  9, 1854. 

Hyde  Park— Devonport  and  Fkmell,  126  yaids,  £600 ; 
Devonport  by  a  breast  Three  quarters  of  an  hour 
after.  FameU  ran  Rutherford,  160  yards ;  Famell  won. 
October  28, 1854. 

Homebush— Devonport  and  Funell,  126  yards,  £100, 
championship ;  Devonport  by  a  ywd.  November  27, 
1854. 

Museum,  Geelong— Williams  backed  to  perform  the  fol- 
Iowing8featsin30min.:— 1.  To  runlOOyards  against  the 
bestmaninthetown.  2.  To  pick  up  30  ^gs,yard  apart, 
with  his  mouth,  without  touching  the  esgs  or  his 
knees  the  groima.  3.  To  throw  80  501b.  weaghts  over 
his  head.  4.  To  run  100  yards  backwards.  6.  To  hop 
100  yards.  0.  To  throw  a  101b.  hammer  80  feet. 
7.  To  throw  a  21b.  quoit  140  feet.  8.  To  roll  a  coach 
wheel  i  mile.    Time,  25  min.  80  sec.    December,  1854. 

Windsor  Racecourse— Judd  and  Daltott,  160  yards,  £100 

a-side  ;  Dalton,  3  yards.    January  15, 1856. 
Farramatta  Road — ^Dalton  and  Devonport,  150  yards, 

£100,  and  championship ;  Dalton  was  never  headed. 

January  31, 1855. 
Perth,  Tasmania— J.  Gibson^  of  Tasmania,  and  Mr.  Best, 

of  Victoria,  championship  of  Tasmania  and  £200; 
.  Mr.  Best  won.    March,  1855. 
Windsor — Devonport  and  Dalton,  150  yards ;  Devonport, 

3  yards ;  time,  17  sec.    April  2. 1855. 
South  Heaid— Mr.  Baker,  an  amateur,  8^  miles  in  1  hour; 

lost  by  43  sec.    March  3,  1855. 
Flying  Pieman  to  pick  up  50  stones^  yard  apart,  in  17 

minutes  ;  he  won  by  15  see.    April,  1855. 
Homebush — Devonport  and  Dalton,  championship  and 

£200, 150  yards ;  Devonport,  easy,  17  sec    Apiil  26, 

1855. 
Hyde  Park — Messrs.  Jones  and  Holman,  to  walk  from 

St.  James'  Church  round  the  Park ;   Holman  won. 

Shortlv  after  a  Billy  Hiunphries  undertook  to  walk 

from  Market-street  round  in  20  min. ;  his  time  was 

17^  min.    June  4, 1855. 
Windsor- Dalton  and  Beasley,  60  yards;  Dalton  eaay. 

June  18, 1855. 
Homebush— Devonport  and  a  darkey,  800  yards  over 

hurdles.    The  pistol  went  off  accidentally ;  the  darkey 

ran  over  the  ground.    July  0, 1855. 
Wilberforce— Bushell  and  a  darkey,  800  yards,  £200; 

darkey,  4  yards.    July  16, 1855. 
Canterbury— Mr.  Baker  against  a  horse,  60  yards ;  Mr. 

Baker  was  beaten.    August  20, 1^5. 
Tass— D.  Douglass  and  J.  Quigley,  150  yards ;  Quigley 

easv.    September  8, 1855. 
Bendigo  Camp  enclosure— Devonport  and  Hayes,  £400, 

200  yards ;  Devonport,  by  a  breast ;  time,  20  sec. 

May,  1856. 
Kissing  Point— Dalton  and  Famell,  100  yards,  £100; 

Dalton,  by  18  inches.    March  17, 1857. 
Ryde— Famell  and  Rutter  (the  latter  3  yards  start),  100 

yards,  £100 ;  Rutter,  smallest  possible  win.    Aprtl  13, 

1857. 
Randwick  Road— -Chamberlain  and  Murphy,  150  yards, 

£50  ;  Chamberlain  easy.    April  13, 1857. 
Melbourne   Cricket   Ground — 450  yards   Steeplediase, 

championship  of  St.  Kilda  and  Brighton,  between  H. 

Ryder  and  J.  Were ;  Ryder,  10  yards.    June,  1857. 
Brisbane  Road,  Laimceston — G.  M'Kertchy  and  Thos. 

Prosser,  150  yards,  £20;  Prosser,  2  yards;  17  sec 

July  23, 1857. 


Uverpool— Martineer  and  Hall,  188  jardiE^  £1<0;  Maitf- 

neer  2  yards.    March  29, 1866. 
Domain,  Sydney —Mr.  C.  R.  Robinson  and  Mr.  Alexander 

Black,  100  yards,  £200;  both  tiiose  gentlem«i  were 

veriring  on  60  years  of  age.    Robinson  won  eaoj.   S^ 

teinber  8, 1868. 
VictoiiaTheatre.  BaUant— Allen  M'Keaa  comnaenoed  the 

feat  of  1000  miles  in  1000  hours  ;  finished  on  November 

27,  at  10  o'clock,  with  the  greatest  gameneas,  doing  the 

last  mile  in  22|  minutes,  and  suooeasfully  com^pletuig 

the  1000  miles.    September  19, 1858.  . 
Armidalo— J.  Scholes  and  J.  Jones,  8  miles,  £20l  Jones 

fell  down,  and  Scholes  finished  aloae  in  a  walk.  Time 

83  minutes.    S^itember,  1858.  

Wowingragong  course — John    Robinson    mod   wmiam 

Bagen,  champioBship  of  the  f4irhlan  and  £800,  100 

yards  ;  Robinson  by  2  yards.  '  S^itember  15, 185& 
Barwon  Park— Martineer  and  White,  100  yank,  £900 ; 

Martineer,  6  yards.    February  14, 1850. 
Lyceum  Theatre,   Sydney— Allen  M'Kean    commenced 

1000  miles  in  1000  boun,  at  81  min.  21  sec  past  12; 

on  the  12th  March  he  had  270  miles  finished,  when 

there  was  no  further  news.    Febniuy  ffi,  1859. 
Government  Paddodc,  Melboume — Hammond  and  MUb, 

£200,  200  j'ards ;  Hammond  after  a  hard  zaoe.    Jolj 

11, 1859. 
Lower  Araluoi— J.  P.  Sweeny  and  W.  Frost,  100  yards, 

£200  ;  ended  in  dispute    August,  1850. 
Tasmania— W.  Guest  and  AUen  M'Kean.  the  latter  to 

give  one  minute  start  in  5  miles  watt  ;  Guest  easy. 

Time  60  min.  87  sec.    September,  1850. 
Camp  Reserve,  Bendigo— 'Tom  Moran  and  Joe  Wliltlej, 

20O  yards,  £300  ;  Moran,  1  yard.    March,  1800. 
Rondwidc— J.  R.  Clarke,  of  G^rye  street,  Sydney,  walked 

round  the   Randwick    course  (1^  mile)  in  14  min. 

10  sec.  ;  Mr.  Goyder  watered  £5  that  be  would  do  the 

same  feat.    He  accomplished  it  in  13  min.  26  sec    He 

had  no  training.     July  28, 1860. 
Punt  Road,  Richmond  (V.)— Harry  Sailors,  of  the  P.  R. 

to  receive  250  yards  start  from  O.  Moore,  in  a  4  mile 

walk  ;  Sallars  gave  up.    October  80, 1860. 
M.  C.  C.  Ground — Charles  Harrison,  of  Richmond,  and 

Mr.  Mount,  of  Ballarat,  a  match  at  100  and  140  yards 

over  hurdles,  for  the  championship  of  Victoria ;  won 

by  Mr.  Hamson.    June,  1860. 
Mudgee— W.   Freeman  and  J.    Webster,  of  Mudgee, 

£100  ;  Freeman  won  eaaily.    August,  1861. 

Bathurst— W.  Freeman,  of  Bathunt,  and  J<dm  Webster, 
of  Mudgee,  100  yards,  £200;  Webster,  3  yards.  October, 
1861. 

Copenhagen  Grounds,  Ballaratr—Alexander  Moont  and 
Harrison,  three  distances,  viz.:  100  and  140  yards  flat, 
and  880  yitfds  over  16  hurdles  ;  Mr.  Mount  won  the 
100  vards  ;  time,  10^  sec.  ;  Mr.  Harrison  the  140  easy 
in  14  sec,  and  Mr.  Mount  the  880.    December,  186L 

Penrith— Webster  of  Mudgee.  and  Single  of  Penrith,  100 
yards,  £400  ;  Single,  2  yards.  Time  11  sec.  Mardi  10, 
1862. 

Bourke-street— Rankin  and  J.  Earp,  180  yards,  £S0;  Earp 

•  6  yards.    October  6, 1862. 

Copenhagen  Grounds,  Ballarat — ^Mr.  Harrison  and  Mr. 
Moimt  for  the  amateur  championship,  100  yards,  140 
yards,  and  660  yards  over  12  hurdles  ;  Mr.  Hanisoo 
won  the  100  yards  by  a  yard  in  10^  sec,  and  the  140 
yuds  by  4  yards,  in  13^  sec  Tlie  660  hmdle  nnx 
was  a  dead  heat — ^Mr.  Mount  running  over  the  ground. 
December  2, 1862. 

Lake  Maoquarie  Road— Jones  and  Eorp,  150  yards,  £40  ; 
Barp  3  yards.    December  6, 1862. 

Wangaratto— T.  Cusack  of  Wangaratta,  and  T.  Hoboes  of 
Geelong,  best  two  out  of  three  at  ISO  and  300,  and  to 
decide  at  200  yards ;  £400  ;  Cusack  won  the  150  in  15^ 
sec,  by  a  yard  and  a  half,  and  the  300  by  8  yards  in 
32}  sec.    December  22, 1882. 

A.  A.  Company's  Paddock,  Newcastle— E  Jones  of  New- 
castle, and  J.  Honeysctt  of  Mudgee,  100  yanis,  £100. 
Jones,  2  yards.    January  8, 1863. 

ElstemiKnck  Road— G.  Moore  and  G.  Shaw ;  7  mile  mk, 
£100  ;  Moore  won  by  1  min.  68  sec  Time  1  h.  8  mm. 
and  2  sec.    September  14, 1868. 

Double  Bi^— J.  Earp  and  W.  Malone,  120  yards,  £40  ; 
Malone,  8  yards.    Time,  11}  sec    June  10, 1864.^ 

Opening  day  of  the  Albert  Cricket  Ground,  R«dffem, 
October  29, 1864.  ^^ 

Randwick— E.  J<mes  and  W.  Malone,  155  yanis,  £300  ; 
Malone,  3  yards.    Time  IS  sec    March  11, 18SS. 


PEERAGE,  OOLONIAL 


307 


BaDdwiek->Bnithwaite  ind  Lennon,  120  yards,  £60; 

Boitbwaite  euy.  December  14, 1866. 
DoaUe  Bay— Braithwaite  and  KeUy,  200  yardbi,  £60 ; 

BnithwBitc,  2  Taidfl.    February  9, 1866. 
Liveipool— Bnithwaite  aaid  If  ewtown,  125  yaidt,  £166  ; 

Bcuthwaite,  S  yarda.    April  4, 1866. 
B«d  Hcofle,  Norfehoote  fVl— Geonre  Moore,  of  Melbourne, 

tad  William  Payne  of  BaUarat,  7  miles  champioiMhip 

and  £100  ;  O.  Moore  easy.     A  mistake  was  made  in 

the  distance  ;  they  walked  7  miles  1S46  yards.    Time 

1  h.  2  min.  7i  sec    July  21, 1866. 
Bad  House,  Morthoote— Mai  Higgins,  10  milesin  Wmin. 

ttsec    September  22, 1866. 
Albert  Ground— Uincks  and  Leahart,  1^  mile  walk  £100 ; 

Hincks  easy.    Time  12  min.  60  sec.     October  6, 1866. 

Albert  Gromid— Strettles  and  Oiisdale,  4  miles,  £Q0  ; 

fltrattks  by  220  yanbi     Time  SI  min.  60  sec  October 

20,1866. 
Danedin  (N.  Z.)— Wain  of  Donedin,  and  Brown  of  Green 

Island,  for  championship  of  Ota^^  and  £100  ;  1  mile. 

Brown  easy.    October  19, 1866. 
Albert  Oxtrand,  Sydney— Mat  Hlggina,  6^  miles  in  half 

•a  hour  ;  it  was  raining  heavily ;  ffiggins  was  beaten 

by  1  min.  40  sec.    December  1, 1866. 
Albert  Ground— Hincks  and  Hamilton,  8  mile  walk,  £800 

and  cbampiondiip  ;  Hamilton  by  66  sec    Time  84  min. 

48  sec.    February  8, 1867. 
Albert  Ground — Mat  Higginsand  S.  Manning  to  pick  up 

50    apples   yard  apart  ;  Hi^ns  won  by  2,  or  120 

yards.    Time  0  min.  58  sec.    March  28, 1807. 
Albert  Ground — Young  Austin  to  run  10  miles  in  the 

hour.   Time  taken,  66  min.  15  sec.    July  6, 1867. 
Albert    Ground — First  5  mile  handicap,  won  by  Mat 

Higgins.  Time,  29  min.  28  sec.  July  13, 1867. 
Albert  Ground — Match  against  time,  19  miles  in  2  hours 

by  Mat  Higgins  ;  he  failed.    Time  15  miles,  1  h.  36 

min.  50  sec.    August  10, 1867. 
Albert  Ground— Hamilton  and  Hincks,  walk  1  mile,  £80 ; 

Hincks  came  in  first  but  wasdisgnalifled.   Time6  min. 

30  sec.   August  17, 1867. 
West  MaiUand— F.  Mitchell  and  R.  Bogg,  100  yards, 

£60 ;  MitcheU,  2  yards.    August  SI,  1867. 
Albeit  Ground— Mat    Hindns   and    M.  Ryan,  \  mile, 

£50 ;  Higgins  10  yards.  Time,  63i  see.    September  21, 

1867. 
Bed  House.  Northcote— Mat  Higgins  and  Cusack,    460 

yards,  Higgins  easy.  Time,  67  sec.    February  28, 1868. 

Wangaratta — Higgins  and  Cusack,  three  distances,  ris.  : 
160,  800.  and  300  yards.  Higgins  won  the  200  in  28} 
sec,  and  300  in  36  sec.    June  15.  1868. 

Bed  House,  Northcoto--J.  G.  Harris,  .of  Victoria,  v. 
Shnon  Huirahan,  of  Sydney,  20O  yards,  £200 ;  Harris 
7  yaxds.      Time,  22  or  28  sec.      August  1, 1868. 


Bed  House,  Nortbcote-J.  G.  Harris,  (V.)  v.  W.  Braith 
:       —  -      -       .  ^ 

Time,  15^  sec    August  8, 1868. 


waite  (N.&  W.X  150  yards,  £400  ;   Harris,  11  yards. 


Uowbroy  Course  <T.>— J.  O.  Harris  (V.)  t.  R.  Collins  (T.) 

150  ya«ls,  £400  ;  Harris,  6  yards.  Time,  16}  sec    Siep- 

tember  28, 1868. 
Albert  Ground— First  Sydney  Athletic  Cup  won  hy  Teo- 

maos,    December  26. 1868. 
Albert  Ground- W.  Baker  v.  W.  Hamilton,  7-mile  walk, 

£110;  Baker,  60  yds.    Time,  1  h.  41  sec    NoYember 

9,1869. 
Albert  Ground— W.  Hamilton  t.  W.  Baker,  7  miles— 

£175.    Baker  gave  up.    Tln^,  66  min.  60  sec    De- 
cember 17, 1860. 
Melbourne — English  pedestrians  arrived  at  Melbourne : 

Bird,  Hewftt,  and  Topley.    December  16, 1860. 
Groxton  Park— J.  6.  Harris  v.  Bolton,  latter  6  yds. 

start— 150  yards— £800.    Harris  easily.    Time,  15  sec 

December  17, 1860. 
M.  C.  C.  Ground— J.  G.  Harris  and  Frank  Hewitt,  100. 

200,  800,  440.— Hewitt  won  the  100  by  1  foot  in  10^ 

sec,  the  440  finished  alone  in  51}  sec.    The  800  was  a 

dead  heat  in  33}  sec.    Harris  won  the  160  by  4  yds.  in 

15i  sec,  and  the  200  by  3  yds.  in  20}  sec    March  5-7, 

1870. 
Albert  Ground — ^First  appearance  of  English  pedestrians 

in  New  South  Wales.  April  18, 1870: 
Albert  Ground— G.  Topley  v.  W.  Baker.  7  miles,  £200. 

Baker,  300  yds.  start.    Topl^  won.    lime,  57  rain.  10 

sec    May  7, 1870. 
Friendly  Societies  Ground— F.  Hewitt  v.  J.  G.  Harris— 

300  yards.  £200.   Hewitt,  6  yards.    Time,  80}  sec. 

June  23, 1870. 


AlbcvtGnnmd— MalHIgginsT.  A.Firke-160,  900,  and 

440  yards,  £10a      Hignns  won  the  160  yards  by  a 

yard  in  16}  sec,  and  we  800  by  2  yards,  in  82}  sec 

September  17, 1870. 
Albert  Ground— Hewitt  t.  Harris,  160  and  800  yacda. 

Hewitt  vnm  the  160  by  }  yard  in  15}  sec,  Sbud  Hante 

the  800  by  a  breast  in  24}  sec    October  5, 1870. 
Albert  Ground— W.  Lyall  and  W.  Baker,  walk  2  mOe^, 

duimplonship.    Baker  gave  up.    October  22, 1870. 
Albert  Ground— H.  TedcUck  and  J.  Wheeler,  1  milc^ 

£10a  Wheeler  easily.    Time,  4  min.  58sec    Novem- 
ber 9. 187a 
Christchurch,  New  Zealand— F.  Hewitt,  1  mile,  to  beat 

a  certain  time.    Thne  taken,  1  min.  6l4aec    (Fastest 

half  mile  on  recMd.)   September  17,  ISTL 
Eastern  Oval.  Ballarai— G.  Cronk  v.  W.  Sansom,  }  mile. 

championsnip  and  £100.    Sansom,  2  feet.    Tune,  t 

min.  2-10  sec    February  2, 1874. 
West  Maitlaod— R.  F.  Watson  v.  F.  Brown,  800  yards^ 

£200.    Watson,  Oyards.    April 4, 1874. 
Hamilton— R.  F.  Watson  v.  G.  Cronk,  }  mile,  £800. 

Watson  won  in  60}  sec.    July  11, 1874. 
Parkes--J.  Applitt  v.  G.  Tliompson,  100  yards,  £10a 

Applitt  earihr.    April  11, 1870. 
Albert  Ground — L.  Pyke  v.  Henderson,  1  mile,  £100l 

Fyke,  7  yards.    Time,  5  min.    July  26, 1870. 
Lannoeston— Bird,  10}  miles  in  56  min.     August  89, 

1870. 
Farkes-AppUtt  v.  Baxter,  250  yards,  £400.     Applitt  by 

8  yards.    Time,  29  sec    December,  1874. 
Narrandeta— R.  Williams  v.  T.  Green,  100  yards,  £100. 

WilUams,  8  yards.    January  1>  1876. 
Albert  Ground— Fir«t  Sheffield   Handicap,  prize  £40; 

won  by  H.  Thompson,  W.  H.  Morgan,  second,  and  R. 

Hin.  third.    January  26, 1875. 
West  Maitland— R.  F.\fatson  v.  J.  M.  Watson,  200  yds., 

£500.    R.  F.  Watson,  4  yards.    Thne,  19  8-lOth  sec 

May  2S,  1876. 
Dunedin— W.  Edwards  to  walk  70  yard»— Burke  to  run 

100.  £80.    Dead  heat    June  12, 1875. 
Auddand— Collins  v.  Delaney,  100, 160,  and  300  yards. 

Delaney  won  the  first  twa    June  12, 1875. 
R.  F.  Watson  v.  F.  Hewitt,  80O  yards,  £400.    R.  F. 

Watson.  1  yard— 20 1-lOth  sec.    ifiiy  6, 1876. 
Farkes— R.  F.  Watson  v.  J.  Applitt,  800  yards,  £400l 

i^pplitt  easy.    Time,.  19}  or  20}  sec    November  4, 

South  Melbourne  Ground— Hewitt  v.  F.  S.  Davis,  100 

yards,  £200.    Hewitt  easy.    November  8. 1876. 
West  Maitland— R.  F.  Watson  v.  F.  S.  Davis,  160  yards, 

£200.    Won  by  Watson  by  9  inches.    Time,  14  6-lOth 

sec.    January  IS,  1877. 
Richmond— C.  Carver  v.  J.  Griffiths,  160  yards,  £80a 

Carver  won  in  15  sec    August  15, 1877. 
Longest  hop,  step,  and  Jump  in  Austndia  done  at  Mort- 

lake  (Victoria)  by  a  half-caste  named  Frank  Clarke — 

distance  ooverod  42  feet  7}  inches.    December  26, 1877. 
West  Maitland— R.  F.  Watson  v.  C.  Carver,  200  yards, 

£400.    Watson  easHy.    May  18,  1878. 
West  Maitland— R.  F.  Watson  v.  J.  Applitt,  800  yards, 

£400.    Watson  won  by  6  yards.    Time,  20  sec.     1878. 
W.  Edwards  to  walk  110  miles  in  24  hours,  at  Guild 

Hall,  Sydney,  walked  102  milesin  the  specified  time. 

October  5, 1878.    [He  performed  the  feat  in  Bathurst 

same  year.] 

PEERAGE,  CJOLONIAL. 

Attempted  Creation  of.  A  oommittee, 
consisting  of  Messrs.  Charles  Cowper,  T.  A. 
Murray,  George  Madeay,  E.  Deas-Thomson, 
J.  H.  Plunkett,  Dr.  Douglas,  W.  Thurlow, 
James  Macarthur,  James  Mamn,  andW.  C.Went- 
worth,  appointed  on  the  motion  of  W.  C.  Went- 
worth,  held  its  first  meeting,  Sydney,  May  27> 
1853.  Fifteen  meetings  were  caJled.  Hal!  the 
members  did  not  attend  meetings.  The  Bill  was 
reported  July  28,  1853.  [It  was  almost  univer- 
sally condemned  by  the  people,  and  a  large 
public  meeting  was  called  to  oppose  it.  In  the 
advertisement  couYening  the  meeting  were  the 
following  paragraphs: — "A  committee  of  the 


808 


PELLETEER— PLOUGHING  MATCHES. 


LegislatiTe  Council  has  framed  a  new  Gonatita- 
tion  for  the  colony,  by  which  it  is  proposed 
(1.)  To  create  a  colonial  nobility  with  hereditary 
privileges.  (2. )  To  construct  an  Upiier  House  of 
Le^^islature  in  which  the  people  will  have  no 
voice.  (3.)  To  add  eighteen  new  seats  to  the 
liower  House,  only  one  of  which  is  to  be  allotted 
to  Sydney  while  the  other  seventeen  are  to  be 
distributed  among  the  country  and  squatting 
districts.  (4.)  To  squander  the  public  revenue 
by  pensioning  off  the  officers  of  the  Government 
on  their  full  salaries !  thus  implanting  in  our 
institutions  a  principle  of  jobbery  and  corruption. 
(5. )  To  fix  irrevocably  on  tiie  people  this  oli  wchy 
in  the  name  of  free  institutions,  so  that  no  tutu're 
Legislature  can  reform  it  even  by  an  absolute 
majority.  The  Legislative  Ck>uncil  has  the  hardi- 
hood to  nroj^ose  passing  this  unconstitutional 
and  anti-British  measure  with  onlv  a  few  days 
notice,  and  before  it  can  possibly  oe  considered 
by  the  colonists  at  large."  The  meeting  was 
addressed  by  Mr.  (now  Sir)  Henry  Parkes  and 
other  LiberaLf,  and  the  result  of  the  agitation 
was  that  the  most  objectionable  clause,  to  create 
an  hereditary  colonial  peerage  was  struck  out.] 

PELLETIER.  Rescue  by  the  crew  of  the 
schooner  "  John  Bell "  from  the  blacks  at  Rocky 
Point,  Cape  Direction,  Korthem  Queensland,  of 
Narcisse  JPelletier,  who  had  been  wrecked  17 
vears  previously,  April  11,  1875.  [Pelletier  had 
been  a  cabin-lK)y  on  the  ship  '*St.  Paul,"  of 
Bordeaux,  which  in  1858  was  wrecked  on  the 
Louisaida  Group,  whilst  carrving  350  Chinese  to 
Australia.  The  captain  and  crew  escaped ;  all 
the  Chinese  except  16  were  eaten  by  the  olacks.] 
[See  '* Aboriginals,  Whites  amongst.  *T 

PHILLIP,  GovxKNOB  Arthur,  was,  through  a 
misunderstanding,  speared  by  a  blackfellow  at 
Manly  Beach,  Sei^tember  20,  1790.  Died  at 
Bath,  England,  whither  he  had  retired  on  a  pen- 
sion of  fSX)  a  year,  with  the  rank  of  a  Vice- 
Admiral  in  the  Royal  Navy,  1814.  [See  "  Men 
OT  THE  Tims  "  {PhilUp,  Captain  Arthur),] 

PICTURE  GALLERIES,  National. 

Queen's  Room,  Melbourne,  opened  May  24, 
1859. 

In  the  Public  Library  Buildings,  Melbourne, 
opened  May  24,  1875. 

Academy  of  Art  Sydney,  founded  May  24, 
1871 ;  opened  in  present  premises  May  1,  1875. 

Opening  of  seventh  annual  exhibition  of  Aca- 
demy of  Fine  Arts,  Melbourne,  March  17,  1877. 

"  PIEMAN,  The  Flying."  [See  Kino,  Wiluam 
Francis.] 

PIGEON  MATCHES. 

Pigeon  match  at  Parramatta,  October  8, 1831. 

At  Maitland,  October  8,  1833. 

Mr.  Gumbleton  won  pigeon  shooting  wa^^. 
He  undertook  to  kill  30  pigeons  out  of  50,  with 
an  ounce  of  shot  to  each  charge,  at  25  yards 
rise,  the  backer  of  the  birds  finding  them  and 
laying  15  to  10.  Mr.  Gumbleton  won  by  scoring 
30  birds  for  32  shots.    January  28,  1871. 


PIGS. 

74  Piga,  viz.,  49  hogs  and  25  sows,  came  out 

in  the  ''first  fleet,"  January,  1788. 

NUMBBR  or  Piat  a  AusnuuA,  Dae.  81, 1877. 

New  Soath  WalM 101,«n 

NewZealand lt3,0Zl 

QoMDilAnd 6S,871 

Sooth  Aiisfenlia 104^27 

Tumania 65,efiS 

Victoria  18MD1 

Western  Auttcalia    18,9tt 

Total 7W,481 

[See  Stock.] 

PILLARS,  Rev.  Jambs,  Unitarian  clergyman, 
killed  by  falling  off  the  cliffs  at  Sydney  Heada, 
July  31,  1875. 

PINCHGUT  (native  name  Mattewax),  an 
island  situated  in  the  harbour  of  Port  Jackson, 
near  Sydnev.  It  was  named  Rock  Island  by 
Governor  Phillip,  but  called  Pinchsut  by  some 
of  the  "  first  fleet,*'  who  had,  for  Bad  coiidnct, 
been  sent  there  and  placed  on  short  allowance 
of  food.    [See  Coukt,  Cboonal,  Fibst.] 

PIPER,  CAPTAIN,  Defalcations  of.  1827. 
[See  Crimes.] 

PIRACY. 

The  "Cyprus,"  convict  ship,  seized  by  Cap- 
tain Swallow  and  31  other  prisoners,  in  Re- 
cherche Bay,  on  their  voyage  to  Maequarie 
Harbour,  Tasmania.  Lieutenant  Carew,  1^ 
soldiers,  and  13  prisoners  were  afterwanls 
landed.  August,  1829.  The  mutineers  made 
their  way  to  the  Friendly  Islands  and  Japan, 
thence  to  Canton,  whence  they  took  passages  to 
England,  and  there  three  of  them  were  arrested. 
Two  (Watts  and  Davis)  were  condemned  and 
executed ;  Captain  Swallow  was  acquitted,  1830L 

The  "Frederick,"  100  tons,  seized  by  10 
prisoners  at  Maequarie  Harbour;  January  11, 
1834.  John  Barker  was  chosen  captain,  and 
John  Fair  mate,  and  they  escaped  to  Valdavan, 
where  they  landed,  February  26,  1834.  Some 
of  them  were  arrested,  and  brought  back  to 
Tasmania,  where  they  were  tried,  but  acquitted 
on  some  technical  points.     1837. 

The  "  Louisa  Maria,"  schooner,  seized  by  the 
natives  in  Whitsunday  Passage,  and  burnt. 
One  of  the  crew  was  killed.  August  11,  1878. 
[See  Hayes,  Captain.] 

PITT  TOWN,  N.S.W.,  named  December,  1810. 

PITTWATER,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Hawkes- 
bury,  so  named  by  Governor  Phillip,  who  exa- 
mined the  coast  from  Port  Jackson  to  Broken 
Bay.     March  2  to  9,  1788. 

PLATINUM.  Mine  discovered  near  Bende- 
meer,  N.S.W.,  April  3,  1872. 

PLOUGHING  MATCHES. 

First  ploughing  match,  Bong  Bong,  Aug,  1828. 

Great  ploughing  match — the  fourth  annnal — 
at  Mr.  Waite's  farm,  Sutton  Forest ;  there 
were  19  ploughs  in  the  field.     August  3,  1831. 

The  sixth  annual  ploughing  match  came  off 
at  Oldbuiy,  near  Sutton  ^rest ;  21  competitors. 


PLUNKETT— POPULATION. 


209 


The  Governor  gave  a  silver  medal,  which  was 
von  by  Gnlmel  NichoU,  ovezseer  to  Mr.  Bow- 
man.   July  9,  1833. 

FLUNKETT,  J.  H.,  arrived  by  the  ship 
"Soathworth  "  from  Cork,  June  14,  1832.  Mr. 
Plonkett  removed  from  the  Chairmanship  of  the 
Board  of  National  Education.  February,  1858. 
[This  event  was  the  subject  of  discussion  amonff 
the  colonists  at  large  for  some  time.  The  Board 
was  appointed  to  superintend  the  formation 
and  management  of  schools,  to  be  "  constituted 
under  Lord  Stanley's  National  System  of  Edu- 
cation "  with  power  to  make  by-laws,  rules,  &c., 
directing  such  oy-laws,  rules,  &c. ,  to  be  published 
within  a  month  of  the  date  of  making  the  same, 
m  the  Ooffemment  Oazette,  At  this  time  the 
GoTemment  aid  was  only  extended  to  vested 
ichoolB,  but  the  Board,  considering  that  the 
extension  of  grants  to  non- vested  schools  would 
advance  education,  drew  up^  a  set  of  rules  to 
bring  non-vested  schools  within  the  scope  of 
their  operations,  and  transmitted  the  same  to  the 
Chief  ^cretary,  to  be  published  in  the  Ocutette, 
and  also  to  be  laid  before  Parliament.  The 
Board  receiving  no  answer,  and  the  rules  not 
having  been  published,  a  correspondence  took 
place  between  the  Chairman  of  the  Board  and 
the  Chief  Secretary,  when  the  latter  replied  that 
it  was  the  deliberate  opinion  of  the  Government 
that  the  Board  had  no  authority  under  the  Act 
to  make  such  rules  and  regulations,  and  that 
the  Government  was  not  pledged  to  find  funds 
for  the  class  of  schools  proposed  to  be  estab- 
lished without  ezi^ess  sanction  of  Parliament. 
Mr.  Plunkett,  in  answer,  said  he  did  not  attach 
much  weight  to  the  ddiberate  opinion  of  the 
Gov«rmnent,  the  office  of  Finance  Minister 
being  vacant,  and  the  Attomey-Creneral  (Mr. 
Martin),  being  out  of  town,  i>reparing  for  his 
election.  In  consequence  of  this  letter,  and  the 
pablication  by  Mr.  rlunkett  of  the  correspon- 
dence and  the  regulations  in  one  of  the  morning 
papers,  while  the  correspondence  was  going  on, 
a  letter  from  the  Chief  Secretary  was  forwarded 
to  Mr.  Plunkett,  in  which  Mr.  Uowper  informed 
bim  that  the  Executive  Council  considered  the 
letter  to  the  Government  was  in  terms  highlv 
improper,  and  the  publication  of  the  correspond- 
ence they  could  not  but  consider  unjustifiable 
in  every  respect;  it  was  therefore  the  duty 
of  the  Government,  under  the  circumstances, 
to  dispense  with  his  further  services  as  a 
Commissioner  of  the  Board  of  Education.  On 
the  same  day  Mr.  Plunkett  resided  all  his 
other  appointments,  namely.  President  of  the 
Upper  House,  with  his  seat  in  the  Legislative 
Council,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  Manager  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  School  The 
niatter  of  Mr.  Plunkett's  removal  was  after- 
wards brought  before  the  House  of  Assembly, 
and  resolutions  were  passed  to  the  efiect  that 
the  House  desired  to  record  its  deep  regret  at 
the  removal  of  Mr.  Plunkett,  auci  felt  called 
upon  to  express  a  hope  that  the  Government 
would  take  such  steps  as  would  enable  it  to 
restore  him  to  a  position  in  which  he  had  already 


rendered  such  eminent  services  to  the  cause  of 
education  in  the  colony,  and  that  the  House 
desired  to  record  its  opinion  that  the  Board,  in 
drawing  up  the  regulations,  had  not  exceeded 
its  power.  Subsequently,  it  was  announced 
that  the  Government  were  prepared  to  restore 
Mr.  Plunkett,  provided  he  withdrew  the  offen- 
sive part  of  ^e  letter.] 

POLICR 

A  document  was  issued  dated  August  7, 1789, 
and  signed  by  A.  Phillip  (Governor  Phillip,  who 
came  out  with  the  First  Fleet),  and  David 
Collins  (Judge-Advocate),  contained  regulations 
for  a  night  watch  of  twelve  persons  that  had 
been  appointed  for  the  more  effectual  preser- 
vation of  public  and  private  property,  and  for 
the  prevention  (or  detection)  of  the  commis- 
sion of  nightly  depredations  in  the  new  settle 
ment  of  Sydney.  The  names  of  the  first  watch 
were  :--Herbert  Keeling,  Charles  Peat,  John 
Harris,  John  Coen  Wfush,  John  Neal,  John 
Massey  Cox,  William  Bradbury,  James  Clark, 
Josh  Marshall,  Thomas  Oldfield,  Geoi^e  Robin- 
son, and  Jolm  Archer.  Three  of  these  were 
afterwards  replaced  by  W.  Hubbard,  John 
Anderson,  and  Stephen  Le  Grove,  Aug.  7,  17891 

First  horse-patrol  in  N.S.W.,  consisting  of  30 
men,  established  1825. 

NuifBER  or  POUCB  IN  AUSTRALASIA,  1879. 

PopnUtion.       No.  of  Police. 
New  South  Wales    ....    M6,9M    ....    1,160 

NewZea^and 406,848    ....       824 

QueanslaDd    196,002    ....       620* 

South  Aufltralla    281,883    ....       820 

IVksmania    106,2»4    ....       840 

Victoria 849,870    ....    1,187 

Western  Australia  27,679    ....       129 

*  And  101  native  troepera. 

POLICE  MAGISTRATE.  Mr.  D'Arcy  Went- 
worth  retired  from  the  office  of  police  magistrate, 
which  he  had  held  for  many  years ;  ne  was 
succeeded  by  Captain  Rossi.     1&5. 

POPULATION. 

The  population  of  New  South  Wales  (exclud- 
ing Norfolk  Island)  was  3,500.      Dec.  11, 1792. 

The  number  of  children  in  Sydney,  bom  in 
the  colony,  was  dOO.     1796. 

Population  of  New  South  Wales,  5,557.    1799. 

The  population  of  the  colony  was  5,547  per- 
sons of  all  descriptions.  Of  these  776  were 
children  ;  at  Norfolk  Island  96  ;  making  a  total 
under  the  authority  of  the  Governor  of  6,508 
persons.    June  90,  1801. 

The  population  of  New  South  Wales  was 
7,083  ;  Hobart  Town,  528  ;  Norfolk  Island, 
1,084 ;  and  employed  in  fislung,  123.  Total, 
8,818.     1£05. 

First  general  muster  of  the  colony,  by  order  of 
Governor  Macquarie,  took  place  Feb.  1,  1810. 

Census  (a  muster)  taken,  October,  1820. 

Population  of  Svdney,  10,815.     1828. 

Filth  census  taten  in  New  South  Wales  and 
Port  Phillip,  July  16,  1841. 


210 


PORT  CURTIS— POET  PHILLIP. 


Fint  Qneenaland  censua  tftken,  popHlatton, 
90,069.    April  7,  1861. 

Population  of  Austbalasia,  January  1, 
1878. 

If ew  South  Wales   &I5,904 

New  Zealand 406,348 

Queenaland  10$,09S 

South  Australia 231,388 

Tasmania  106,2M 

,            Victoria 849,870 

Western  Australia 27,679 

TVytal 2,464,660 

Note.— Statistics-  to  December  31,  1878,  shonr  that  the 

Kpulatlon  of  Yiciona  has  increased  to  879,886,  and  New 
nth  Wales  to  688,743. 

EnUmaied  populatitm  of  the  prineipcU  ciiies  tn 

Augtralia  and  Aei0  Zeaiand  (mcluaing  suburbs 

qf  each),  far  1878. 

Sydney  200,006 

Melboonie 260,678 

Adelaide    60,00^ 

Brisbane 85.000 

Ballarat 47,156 

Auokland  89,401 

Ihmedin 34,674 

Christchurch    29,029 

Sandhurst 26,929 

HobartTown   22,600 

Wellington    21,006 

Launceuton  13,000 

Bockhampton 0,660 

Maltland    8,100 

Newcastle 8,000 

Perth 7,120 

Bathurst   6,160 

Goulbum  4,800 

Grafton 3,000 

PORT  CURTIS. 

Oxley  anchored  the  "Mermaid*'  at  Gatch 
Head,  Fort  Curtis,  November  6,  1823. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Barney  anchored  in  Port 
Curtis,  September,  1846. 

Governor  Fitzroy  visited  Port  Curtis,  1854. 

PORT  DALRYMPLE. 

Discovered  by  Bass,  1798. 

Settled  on  by  Colonel  Paterson,  1809. 

PORT  DARWIN.  Captain  Douglass,  Govern- 
ment resident  at  Port  Darwin,  succeeded 
Goyder,  and  retired  in  May,  1874;  Dr.  Miller 
acted  in  that  capacity  until  October,  1874,  when 
G.  B.  Scott  assumed  the  direction  of  afl^rs,  a 
position  which  he  still  holda     1878. 

PORT  DENISON.  Pint  sale  at  Brisbane  of 
Port  Denison  land.    September  7,  1861. 

PORT  ESSINGTON.  A  committee  of  the 
Council  (Dr.  Charles  Nicholson,  Chairman)  re- 
commended the  despatch  of  an  overland  expedi- 
tion to  Port  Essington,  1843.  [^ee  Australian 
Land  Explorers,  LeicIihardL] 

P0RT  JACKSON,  the  principal  harbour  of 
New  South  Wales,  the  opening  to  which  lies 
between  two  rocky  promontories,  known  as 
North  and  South  Heads.  Sydney  Harbour  is 
said  to  be  the  most  beautiful,  and  for  shipping, 
one  of  the  safest  in  the  world.  It  has  900  miles 
of  coast  line,  and  a  hundred  and  fifty  bays 
and  harbours  within  it.    The  Bhallowest  depth   I 


of  water  at  the  entrance  to  Sydney  Harboor,  at 

low  water,  in  the  eastern  cfaumel  is  26  f  eet»  in 

the  western  channel  22  ieet.     The  distaaoes 

between  the  three  headlands  at  the  entrance  to 

Sydney  Harbour  are  as  follows  : — 

Outer  South  Head  to  Ontm*  North  Head,  2^  mDee. 
Imer  South  Head  to  Inner  North  Head,  1  niUa2S6  yds. 
Inaer  South  Head  to  Middle  Head,  1,100  jards, 

[See  New  South  Walk,  SBrnjomnr  of.] 
PORT  LINCOLN,  S.  A.,  discovered  1801. 

PORT  MACQUARIE. 

Surveyed  by  Oxley,  June  19,  1819. 

Expedition  for  the  formation  of  a  eettlemeiit 
at  Port  Macquarie  sailed  from  Svdney  under 
command  of  Captain  AUman,  48tii  Regiment, 
March  21,  1821. 

Port  Macquarie  appointed  a  place  to  which 
offenders  convicted  m  New  Sonth  Wales,  and 
being  under  sentence  of  transportation,  should 
be  sent,  August  15,  1886. 

PORT  PHILLIP  {Haw  Viciorla.) 

Port  PmLur  Bat  is  oTer  SO  geof^phieal  miles  from 
north  to  south,  and  35  miles  firom  east  to  weat ;  area 
700  square  miles.  In  Port  Phillip  Bay  there  axe  two 
mhior  bays,  vis. :  Hobeon's  Bay,  which  is  the  andior- 
age  of  the  Port  of  Melbourne,  and  the  point  at  wbiefa 
the  river  Taira  Yarra,  on  which  Melboiuiie  is  situated, 
empties  itself,  and  Corio  Bay,  which  is  the  andiorage 
of  Geelong.    Its  width  at  the  entrance  is  S,900  yai^* 

Fhrst  disoorery  of  Port  PhUlip  district  made  by  Oiptain 
Cook,  R.N.,  in  his  ship  the  Endeavour,  1770. 

Hr.  Oeorve  Bass,  Suiveon  of  H.M.S.  Reliancg,  when  on 
an  exiMorin^  expedition  in  a  whale  boat,  entered  a 
harbour  which  he  named  Western  Port,  June  4, 1706. 

Mr.  Bas^  with  lieutenant  Matthew  FUnden,  JBLK.,  in 
the  Norfolk,  discovered  Bass's  Straits,  October,  170& 

Lieutenant  Grant,  R.N.,  in  the  Lady  NeUon,  passed 
through  Bass's  Straits  on  a  vtqrage  from  England  to 
Sydney,  when  he  named  Mount  Giunbier,  Chpe  Banks^ 
C^pe  Northumberiand .  Gape  Bridgewater,  Gape  Nelson, 
Uie  Lawrence  Islands,  Portland  Bay,  lAdy  Julia 
Percy's  Island,  Cape  Otway,  Gape  Patton,  Oovemor 
King's  Bay  (the  curve  in  the  land  at  the  entiance  of 
Port  PhilUpX  Gape  Uptrap,  the  Rodondo  Rock,  the 
Qlennie  Islands,  the  Hole  in  the  Wall,  Sir  Roger  Curtis 
Island,  Moncur  Island,  and  the  Devil's  Tower. 
December,  1800. 

Lieutenant  John  Murray,  R.N.,  in  ^e  Lady  Jfelnm, 
exanUned  the  Bay  now  called  Port  PhiUip  Bay.  He 
entered  and  named  it  Port  King,  in  honor  of  Governor 
King^t  whose  request  it  was  afterwards  dianged  to 
Port  Phillip,  in  honor  of  Governor  Phillip.  Ueuteoaat 
Murray  also  named  Arthur's  Seat  and  Point  Nepeao. 
February  18, 1801. 

Lieutenant  James  Grant,  R.N.,  made  a  survey  of  the 
coast  from  WUson's  Promontory,  to,  and  indoding. 
Western  Port,  March  21, 1801. 

Lieutenant  Matthew  Flinden.  R.N..  in  H.M.a  /iu>est»- 
gator  entered  Port  Phillip  Bay,  where  he  remained  a 
week,  and  exambied  it,  not  knowing  that  Ueutenaat 
Murray  had  already  been  there.    April  27, 180L 

Mr.  Charles  Grimes,  Surveyor-General  of  New  Sooth 
Wales,  was  sent  by  Governor  King,  with  Lieutenant 
Bobbins,  R.N..  and  Mr.  James  Meehan,  a  surveyor,  to 
survey  Port  Phillip  Bay,  1803.  [Grimes'  report  of  his 
explorations  of  Port  Phillip  have  never  been  found 
in  the  colonial  records,  but  in  January,  1877,  his 
orlj^nal  map  was  disinterred  from  an  obscuritr  o^ 
73  yean,  in  the  survey  ofllce,  at  Sydney,  and,  vitiKNit 
doubt,  gives  the  credit  of  the  dnoovery  of  the  river 
doling  into  the  head  of  the  bay  to  Grimes.] 

H.M.S.  Co^eulta,  60  guns.  Captain  WoodrilT,  end  the 
Ocean,  transport,  600  tons.  Captain  Matthews,  arrived 
hi  Port  Phillip  Bay.  The  Calcutta  had  on  board 
Ueutenant-Govemor  Collins,  and  the  vesselsoootsined 
free  settlen  and  convicts,  for  the  purpose  of  fonninf 
a  settlement  October  9, 1803. 


PORT  PmiiLIE 


sn 


Mr.  J.  H.  Toekigr,  flnk  LUnleMnt  of  tlM  CtOmttkt,    ] 
poblidaed  an  ftocouiit  of  thU  attempt  to  fom  a  Mttle- 
oMDtt  in  which  he  says,  "  Though  the  vidnity  of  the 
haihov*!  mouth  all oraed  no  iituatian  calwilated  for 
the  eetahlJHhment  oi  the  oolony."    1808. 

The  Owofs  transport,  left  Port  PhiUip  Bay  for  Port 
Jackeon,  November  10, 1808. 

A  mantese  waa  aolemniMd  at  Sullivan's  Bay  Ounp, 
Pott  PhUIip,  by  the  Rev.  Bobert  Knopwood,  between 
BichanI  Qairett  and  Hannah  Barvey»  27th  November, 
1803. 

The  OeMm,  tmnsport,  returned  to  Port  Phillip  Bay  from 
Port  Jackson,  December  12. 1803. 

The  .Franeiif  schooner,  arrived  from  Port  Jackson. 
Sh«  was  sent  by  Qovemor  Kins  to  assist  at  the  removal 
at  Ueutenant-Ooveraor  Collinrs  party  to  Van  Diemen's 
Ijmd.    December  14, 1808. 

H.M.8.  Cnieutta  sailed  for  Sydney,  December  18. 1808. 

Four  of  the  convicts,  William  Buckley,  David  lUrmon, 
^  Pye,  and  David  Oibeon,  escaped  fkom  the  settle- 
ment, December  27, 1803. 

In  ooosequence  of  the  reports  of  Lieutenant  Tuckey's 
explorations  being  unfavourable,  the  settlement  waa 
abandoned  January  24, 1804. 

Port  Phillip  abandoned,  January  31, 1804. 

Jiesan.  Hume  and  Hovell  succeeded  in  traveUinff  over- 
land from  Sydney  to  the  shores  d  Port  PhiUip  Bay, 
October,  1824. 

Id  consequence  of  reports  that  the  Firench  had  resolved 
to  found  settlements  on  lome  parts  of  the  Australian 
coast,  an  expedition  was  sent  from  Sydney  with  that 
object,  consisting  of  U.M.&  "  Fly,"  Captain  Wethendl, 
and  the  brigs  '*  Dragon  "  and  '*  Amitv  "  with  detach- 
ments from  the  3id  Regiment  (Bulb)  and  the  30th 
Regiment,  under  Colonel  Stewart.  This  expedition 
reafdied  Western  Port,  and  the  ofBcers  and  soldiers 
intended  for  tliat  place  disembarked  on  its  eastern  side, 
and  erected  a  snudl  fortiilcation  at  the  eastern  end  of 
Phillip  Island,  which  lies  across  the  entrance.  They 
found  a  French  expedition  had  been  there  before  them 
but  that  no  steps  had  been  taken  to  form  a  settlement. 
1828. 

llr.  Joseph  Tlce  Oellibtaiid  and  Mr.  John  Batman  made 
an  application  by  letter  soliciting  a  grant  of  land  at 
Western  Pert,  January  11, 1827.  Sir  Richard  Bourke 
repUed  to  Meesrs.  Oellibrand  and  Batman's  letter, 
refusmg  their  requeet,  March  17, 1827. 

The  cutter  **  FUry,  Wlahart  mMter,  having  been  oaught 
in  a  south-westerly  gale,  put  into  a  bay  which  was 
named  Port  Fairy,  1828. 

Mr.  William  Dutton  visited  Portfamd  Bay  in  the  schooner 
**  Madeira  Padtet,"  on  a  sealing  voyage,  Deoembar, 
1S28. 

Mr.  Dutton  visited  Portland  Bay  in  the  schooner 
*'  Hanry,"  Captain  McLean,  on  a  sealing  vovage.  He 
was  oaptain  of  a  boat's  crew  which  lanaed  at  the 
pnsent  site  of  Portland,  where  he  remained  sealing, 
and  built  a  house  and  lived  in  it    July,  1829. 

Captain  Charles  Sturt,  accoamanied  by  Mr.  Geoige 
Madeay,  reached  a  river  which  Messrs.  Hume  and 
Hovell  had  crossed  in  1824,  on  their  ioumey  to  Port 
Phillip,  and  called  the  Hume.  Oaptain  Stuart  gave  it 
Um  name  of  the  Murray,  by  which  it  has  been  since 
known.     January,  1830. 

Mr.  William  Dutton  again  visited  Portland  Bay,  and  re- 
sided therv  untU  March,  1883.  He  established  a 
wiialixig  station,  and  erected  buildings  and  grew 
vcgetMles  for  his  own  use.    1832. 

Mr.  Edward  Henty,  in  the  schooner  "Thistle,**  Captain 
Uddle,  entered  the  bay,  July,  1833. 

Mr.  Edward  Henty  landed  at  Portland  Bay  with  stock, 
and  also  boats,  Ac.,  to  form  a  whaling  estabUshmsnt. 
This  was  the  Hist  permanent  settlement  in  Port 
Phillip.    November  10, 1834. 

Mr.  John  Batman  returned  to  Fort  Phillip,  in  the  Cale- 
donia, accompanied  by  his  wife  and  family  and  Miss 
Newoombe,  his  govoness.  Mr.  James  Simpson  and 
the  Rev.  James  Orton,  a  Wssleyan  Minister,  were  pas- 
sengers by  the  same  vemel,  as  also  Major  Wellman  and 
his  son,  who  were  on  their  way  to  India.  Batman 
conducted  the  remidnder  of  his  party  from  Indented 
Head  to  the  Tarxa.YaRa  river,  and  fixed  his  abode 
on  a  hill  at  the  western  extremity  of  Oollins>8treet, 
called  from  the  circumstance  Batman's  HilL  He  buili 
a  house  there,  and  opened  a  general  store.  His  first 
sheep  sMion  was  the  present  aite  of  St.  James's  Cathe- 


dral, in  wnUam-attett,  where  he  had  a  shepherd's 
hut  April,  1836.  [8e€  "  Mn  or  nn  Tiiii"  (Mman 
John).} 

It  was  on  this  occasion  that  Mr.  Wedge  named'theTarra 
Yana  from  the  f oUowtng  circumstance  :  On  anivfag 
in  si^ht  of  it.  the  native  boy  who  was  with  him, 
poinnmg  to  the  river,  called  out  "Yarra  Yana**; 
which  at  the  time  he  imagined  was  the  native  name  of 
the  river,  but  he  afterwards  learnt  that  the  words 
were  thoee  the  natives  used  to  designate  a  wateff^U, 
as  the  boy  afterwards  used  the  same  expression  ta 
denote  a  small  fUl  in  the  river  Werribce.    1836.         ^ 

Mr.  Wedge  left  Port  Phillip  by  the  vessel  in  whfeh  he 
came.    1886. 

Batman  w^t  up  the  Yarra  Yarra  in  a  boat  to  the  falls 
above  the  basin,  June  8, 1836. 

Batman  determined  to  return  to  Van  Diemen's  Land, 
and  proceeded  in  his  vessel  to  Indented  Head,  near 
Swan  Point,  about  twelve  miles  inside  the  Heads, 
where  he  left  the  three  white  men  he  had  brought 
with  him,  and  five  of  the  aboriginal  natives  of  Sydney, 
vix..  Pigeon,  Joe  the  Marine,  Bumrlt,  Bullet,  and  Old 
Bull ;  also  a  supply  of  luovisions  for  three  months,  a 
quantity  of  garden  seeds,  and  six  dogs,  and  gave  direc- 
uonsto  erect  a  hut  and  commence  a  garden,  JuneO^ 
1888. 

Batman  quitted  Port  Phillip  and  arrived  at  Launoeston 
after  a  passage  of  thirty-elx  hours,  June  14, 1^6. 

William  Buckley,  one  of  the  prisoners  who  had  escaped 
in  1803  from  Governor  Collins,  came  to  Batman's 
camp  at  Indented  Head,  July  12, 1836. 

Mr.  John  Hdder  Wedge  landed  at  Indented  Head  in 
company  vrlth  Henry  Batman  and  his  wife,  August 
7,  iaJ5.  * 

Mr.  John  Fascoe  IVtwkner  purchased  a  schooner  called 
the  "  Enterprise,"  and  on  July  18, 1836,  he  proceeded 
to  purchase  provisions,  blankets,  tomahawks,  knives, 
handkerchiefs,  a  whale  boat,  horaes,  ploughs,  srain 
for  sowing,  &c.  He  put  to  sea  from  George  "rown, 
having  on  board  all  tne  members  of  the  party,  July 
27,  1836.  Mr.  Fawkner  became  ill  from  sea-rickness ; 
in  consequence  he  caused  the  vessel  to  put  back  to 
George  'Town,  July  1836.  She  agaii)  put  to  sea  and 
enterod  Weetem  Port,  August  8, 1836. 

The  "  Enterprise  "  entered  Port  Phillip  Heads,  August 
16, 1836. 

Hie  "  Enterprise  **  proceeded  to  the  mouth  of  the  Yarra 
Yarra  river,  where  ahe  arrived  August  20, 1835. 

Sir  Richard  Bourke,  Governor  of  New  South  Wales, 
isnied  a  proclamation,  notifving  "  that  every  treaty, 
bargain,  and  contract,  with  the  aboriginal  natives,  for 
the  ponession,  title,  or  claim  to  any  Crown  lands 
within  New  South  Wales,  is  void,  as  against  the  rights 
of  the  Crown ;  and  that  931  persons  found  in  possession 
of  any  such  lands,  without  license  or  authority  from 
Her  Majesty's  Government  for  such  purpose,  fint  had 
and  obtained,  would  be  considered  as  trespassers.'* 
August  28, 1836. 

John  PascoeTawkner's  party  first  encamped  on  the  site 
of  Melbourne,  August  20, 1S35. 

John  H.  Wedge  left  Indented  Heed  in  company  with 
one  white  man,  James  Gumm,  two  Sydney  bJacks,.snd 
a  Port  PhiUip  aboriginal  boy,  and  reached  the  present 
aite  of  Melbourne,  where,  with  no  little  surprise,  he 
obeerved  in  the  basin  a  vessel,  the  "  Enteiprise,'* 
moored.  For  a  moment  he  fancied  he  had  come  upon 
an  unknown  settlement.  Mr.  Wedge  says,  **  Hhe  was 
certainly  the  first  vessel  that  had  ever  worlced  her  way 
up  to  where  the  Queen's  Wharf  has  since  been  built. 
September  2, 1836. 

An  Association  was  formed  in  Van  Diemen's  Land,  con- 
sistingof  Messrs.  John  Batman,  Joseph  Tice  GelUbmnd, 
James  and  William  Robertson,  Henry  Arthur,  John 
Sinclair,  Charles  Bwanston,  James  Simpson,  John 
Thomas  CoUicott,  Anthony  Cottrell,  W^illiam  George 
Sams,  Michael  Connolly,  Thomas  Bannister,  and  John 
Holder  Wedge,  to  ootonise  Port  Phillip.  It  was  deter- 
mined by  the  association  that  Batman  should  at  once 
cross  over  to  Port  Phillip,  with  a  view,  as  Batman 
states  in  his  journal,  "  (n  secretly  ascertaininfl:  the 
general  character  and  capabilities  of  Port  Phillip  as  a 
grudng  and  agricultural  districi."  Concerning  this 
visit,  there  are  two  sources  of  information,  vix.. 
Batman's  Journal,  and  his  letter  of  June  26.  U86, 
to   Colonel    Arthur,  Ueutenant  Qowmor  of.  Fan 


212 


PORT  PHILLIP. 


Dittnoii's  Land,  and  the  chart  and  copies  of  deeds 
acGompanyinir  it.  Between  theee  two  accounts  many 
grave  discrepancies  exist,  concerning  the  details  of  the 
undertoidng.    1836. 

Oaptidn  Lsncex,  Mr.  George  Evans,  his  servant,  Evan 
Evans,  Charles  Wise,  James  Gilbert  and  his  wife, 
sowed  with  wheat  five  acres  of  land  at  the  sooUi- 
westem  extremity  of  Melbourne,  sad  .erected  near 
Batman's  hill  some  tents  or  huti^  as  well  as  a  secure 
place  for  the  stores,  1835. 

The  *'  Enterprise"  asain  returned  to  Port  Phillip,  having 
on  board  Mr.  John  Paacoe  Fawkner  and  his  servant 
'  '  Thomas  Morgan.  Mr.  Fawkner  removed  the  tcmts  or 
huts  which  had  been  erected  near  Batman's  Hill  to  the 
rise'  opposite  the  falls,  and  formed  a  cultivation  pad- 
dock of  80  acres,  on  the  opposite,  or  south  side  of  the 
riv«r«  October  10, 1885. 

The  "Endeavour.**  with  Mr.  John  Aitken  on  board,  fol- 
lowed Mr.  Fawkner's  vessd,  and  arrived  at  Melbourne 
a  short  time  after  it,  October,  1835. 

Mr.  John  Batman  addressed  a  letter  from  Launceston  to 
Mr.  John  Helder  Wedge,  in  reference  to  Fawkner's 
intrusion  upon  the  land,  which  he  (Batman)  had  ob- 
tatoed  from  the  natives  of  Port  PhilUp.    Oct.  18, 1885. 

Five  hundred  sheep  were  imported  from  Launceston,  in 
the  *<  Normal.**  Captain  Coltish,  for  Batman's  Associa- 
tion, and  landed  at  Point  Gellibrand.  This  vessd  also 
brought  iLhsy  purs  Hereford  cows,  belonging  to  Dr. 
Thompson.    October  26, 1886. 

Tht  flnit  publican's  license  was  issued  in  Melbourne, 
October  81, 1886. 

First  bouse  erected  on  the  site  of  Melbourne,  November 
17,1885. 

Tlie  first  newspaper  \ras  published  in  Melbourne  bv  Mr. 
John  Fawkner.  and  was  called  The  Melbourne  Adver- 
tUer.  It  consisted  at  first  of  a  written  sheet;  was 
distributed  weekhr  for  nine  weeks ;  and  was  afterwards 
continued  in  a  prmted  form  to  the  extent  of  82  num- 
bers. January  1, 1830. 
Dr.  niompson  arrived  at  Melbourne  with  his  family, 

March,  1836. 
Lord  Gienelg,  in  a  despatch  to  Governor  Sir  Richard 
Bourke,  in  roply  to  his  letter  of  the  10th  October  ultimo, 
approved  of  the  course  he  had  pursued  in  reference  to 
Batman's  prooeedhigs  at  Port  Phillip,  April  IS,  1836. 

Lord  Oleneb*  in  a  despatch  in  reply  to  Governor 
Arthur's  (Mspatch  of  July  4,  1886,  on  the  subject  of 
the  negotiations  which  bad  been  entered  into  bv 
Batman  for  the  acquisition  of  a  large  portion  of  land, 

'  oonsisting  of  600,000  acres  in  the  vldnitv  of  Port 
Phillip  stated,  "That  all  schemes  for  making  settle- 
ments bv  pilvate  individuals  or  companies  in  the 
unlocated  districts  of  Australia,  have  of  late  years 
been  discouraged  by  His  Majesty's  Government,  as 
leading  to  ftesh  establishments,  involving  the  mother 
country  in  an  indefinite  expense,  and  expoeing  both 
the  natives  and  the  new  setuers  to  many  dangers  and 
calamities.  And  there  is  so  much  of  prudence  and  of 
justice^  and  I  think  I  mav  add  of  humanity  in  this 
policy,  that  I  dc  not  fed  disposed  to  depart  frtnn  it  in 
the  present  instance.**    January  28, 1886. 

A  public  meeting  of  the  residents  in  Melbourne  was  held, 
at  which  weyemy-eeven  persons  were  present  A  resolu- 
tion was  passed,  "  That  James  Simpson  be  appointed 
to  arbitrate  between  individuals  disputing,  on  ail  ques- 
tions excepting  those  relating  to  land,  with  power  to 
name  two  asmstants  when  he  may  deem  flt.^  Other 
resolutions  were  also  passed,  including  one,  "That  a 
petition  be  prepared  to  Governor  Bourke,  praying  him 
to  appoint  a  resident  magistrate  at  Port  Phillip,  as 
well  as  other  magistrates  from  among  the  residents.'' 
June,  1836. 

Messrs.  Henry,  Alexander,  and  James  Brock  imported 
sheep  from  Van  Diemen's  Land,  and  landed  them  at 
Gc^Ubrand  Point,  near  Williamstown,  which  they  occu- 
lted for  some  few  months  as  a  station,  removing  after- 
wards to  Emu  Creek,  beyond  Sunbury.    July  8, 1886. 

The  brig  "  Chili,"  Oaptohi  Nixon,  arrived  at  Port  Phillip, 
nds  vessel  had  been  chartcared  at  Launceston  by 
Messrs.  Gellibrand,  Swanston,  Geo.  Evans,  and  Messrs. 
8.  and  W.  Jackson,  to  convey  stock  to  Port  Phillip. 
July  10, 1836. 

Messrs.  Jackson  and  Evans,  upon  landing»  explored  the 
Deep  Creek,  and  reached  a  place  aftorwards  called 
Jacksoo's  Creek,  now  Sunbury,  where  they  determined 
to  form  a  station.    July,  1886. 


Captain  Lonsdale,  police  magistrate,  arrived  to  take 
charge  of  Port  Phfllip,  September  S»,  1836. 

M^or  (afterwards  Sir)  "Aiomas  Mitdiell,  Surveyor- 
General  of  New  South  Wales,  crossed  the  Murray  river 
June  16.  proceeded  alooff  Its  southern  bank,  and  sub- 
sequently reached  Portiand  Bay,  when  he  saw  a 
vessel,  the  Bluabeth,  of  Launceston,  at  anchor,  and 
visited  the  establishment  of  the  Messrs.  Henty,  1896. 

Major  Mitchell  surveyed  Port  Phillin.    September,  1896L 

Mr.  Russell  and  his  assistants  were  mstraeted  to  mxrvey 
the  shores  of  Port  Phillip  Bay.    1836. 

C.  H.  Ebden,  Esq.,  formed  a  stimon  on  the  Murray.  He 
first  estabUshed  a  crossing  place  at  Albnry.  Septem- 
ber, 1886. 

Mr.  Charles  Franks  and  his  shepherd  were  Ulled  by 
blacks,  supposed  to  be  of  the  Goulbum  tribe  of 
aborigbes,  at  Mr.  Frank's  station^  Mount  Cottrell, 
near  the  River  Exe  or  Werribee.  Their  remains  were 
brought  to  Melbourne  and  interred  at  the  Flagstaff 
Hill,  which  had  been  already  sdected  as  a  burial  place 
where  the  child  of  a  man  named  Goodman  had  oeen 
interred  previously,  the  child  bdng  the  first  persoo 
buried  by  Europeans  at  Melbourne.    1886. 

Her  Mi^estv's  ship  "  Rattiesnake."  Captain  Hobsoo. 
R.N.,  arrived  in  Port  Phillip  Bay,  having  on  board 
Captidn  William  Lonsdale,  late  of  the  4th  Regiment  of 
Foot,  as  resident  magistrate.    September  29, 1896. 

Captain  Hobson  surveyed  the  inlet  at  the  head  (tf  the 
bar,  which  now  bears  his  name.  Mounts  Martha  and 
Elua  were  named  by  one  of  the  Lieutenants  ctf  tiie 
"Rattlesnake,"  in  compliment  to  Mrs.  Lonsdale  and 
Mrs.  Batman,  respectively.    1836. 

The  brig  '^ Stirlingshire  "  which  left  Sydney  September 
24,  arrived  in  Port  Phillip  Bay.  This  vesBelhad  on 
board  Mr.  Robert  Saunders  Webb,  officer  in  charge  of 
the  customs ;  Mr.  Skene  Craig,  commlsnriat  omser ; 
and  Mr.  Robert  Russell  and  hia  assistants ;  Mr.  Ftnd. 
Robert  Darcy  and  Mr.  WUliam  Wedge  Dark,  of  the 
survey  department ;  Ensign  King,  wi£  a  detachment 
of  the  4th  Regiment;  thirty  prisoners,  and  Mr. 
Joseph  Uowson  as  chief  constable.    October  5,  1896. 

Cattle  were  brought  to  Port  Fairy  in  the  Thietle,  by 
Oaptahi  Mills,  1^ 

Messrs.  Gellibrand  and  Swanston,  aooompsnied  by  Mr. 
Dobson,  a  solicitor  at  Hobart  Town,  proceeded  to 
Sydney,  to  uige  upon  the  Government  the  daims  of 
Batnum's  Association,  and  ultimately  obtained  for  the 
association  sa  compensation  in  respect  of  their  dahns, 
an  allowance  of  £7,000,  in  tl)e  remission  of  the  pur- 
chase of  land  at  Port  Phillip.    October,  1836. 

Messrs.  Joseph  Hawdon  and  John  Gardiner,  on  their  way 
overland  from  New  South  Wales  to  Port  PhOUp  with 
cattie,  met  at  Mr.  M' Arthur's  station  on  the  Murrum- 
bidgee.  called  Nangus,  Mi^r  Mitchell  and  his  party, 
returning  to  Sydney  from  their  exploration  of  Pt»rt 
Phillip.  Messrs.  Hawdon  and  Oanuner  reached  Md- 
boume  at  the  end  of  November  or  beginning*  of 
December.    October  27, 183& 

Mr.  John  Batman  had  a  son  bom,  who  was  subsequently 
drowned  in  the  Yarra  Ysrra  at  the  Mdhonxne  Fklls. 
November  5,  1836. 

A  census  taken  in  Port  Phillip  showed  the  population  to 
be  186  males  and  88  females,  November  8, 1836. 

An  aboriginal  mission  was  established  at  Port  Fbillip, 
The  station  was  on  the  banks  of  the  Yarn,  on  the  site 
of  the  present  Botanical  Gardena  Mr.  George  Laag- 
home  was  appointed  missionarv  to  the  ahorigmes,  and 
was  joined  by  Mr.  John  Thomas  Smith,  as  his 
assistant    December,  1886^ 

The  Frandt  FreeluMt  Captain  Pollock,  arrived  from 
Van  Diemen's  Land,  having  been  chartered  br  Mr. 
Joseph  Sutherland  to  convey  to  Port  Phillip  800  meep, 
whicn  he  had  purchased  at  Hobart  Town  for   two 

Sineasahead.  The  sheep  were  landed  in  Port  PUIUp 
y  between  Indented  Head  and  Point  Henry,  1896. 
The  revenue  cutter  Prinee  Oecrge  arrived  from  Sydney, 
having  on  board  George  Stewart,  Esq.,  who  wasaT^er- 
ritorial  Magistrate,  and  also  Police  Magistrate  at  Ganl- 
bum.  New  South  Wales.  He  was  the  first  to  exercme 
magisterial  authority  in  Port  Phillip,  and  was  ordered 
to  report  on  the  place,  and  on  the  condition  of  its 
inhabitants.  A  meeting  to(A  place  between  Mr. 
Stewart,  as  representative  of  the  CioveRunent,  and  the 
inhabitants,  when  It  appeared  that  177  persons  from 


PORT  PHTLTJR 


213 


Yui  Dionn's  LmmI  had  MtUed  in  the  ndgfabooriiood 
of  Port  PhilUp  Bay,  and  had  Imported  live  stock  and 
other  property  to  the  value  of  £110,000.  18S6. 

Mr.  Tbomai  Bates  imported  from  Lannceston,  in  the 
"Indeami^*  and  ''Henrr,"  some  sheep  which  he 
landed  at  Foint  Henry.  Mr.  Bates  settied  at  Oowie's 
Ckeek,  near  the  Bell  Post  Hill,  so  called  in  oonaequenoe 
of  Messrs.  Oowie  and  Stead  Iwvinff  erected  a  hell  on  a 
high  B^)llng,  to  give  the  alarm  In  case  of  an  attack 
flrnn  the  aboriginea    18S7. 

Henry  Batman  was  appointed  a  district  constable,  Feb- 
raaiyT,  18S7. 

Mr.  Taylor,  with  John  Ewart,  arrived  in  Melbonme  adth 
cattle.  This  party  was  oisanlzed  near  Yaas,  by  Mr. 
W.  A.  Brodrlbb,  for  Mr.  John  Gardiner  and  Mr.  J.  T. 
GeDibrand.    February  IS,  1837. 

Mr.  Charies  Bonney  left  Mr.  Ebden's  station  on  the 
Momy  with  about  9000  of  Mr.  Ebden's  sheep,  and  took 
up  a  run  which  he  had  chosen,  south  of  the  Qoulbum. 
Tney  were  the  first  sheep  brooght  by  land  to  Port 
Pfamip.    March2, 18S7. 

Governor  Sir  Bicbard  Bourke  arrived  from  Sydney  at 
the  settlement  on  the  Yana  Yarra,  in  H.M.  ship 
"BatUesnake,"  Captain  Hobson,  R.N.,  March  4.  He 
was  accompanied  by  Captain  Himter.  military  seers' 
tary;  George  Kenyon  Holden,  Esq.,  his  private  seers' 
tarv;  Captain  P.  P.  King,  as  his  travelling  companion; 
and  Mr.  Robert  Hoddle,  survevor  in  charge.  Tlie  object 
of  this  visit  was  to  fix  the  site  for  a  township.  One 
morning,  shortly  after  their  arrival,  and  whilst  they 
were  in  camp,  the  shock  of  an  earthquake  was  felt. 
Ko  repetition  of  the  shock  occurred,  however,  and  the 
Town  of  Melbourne  was  bud  out  by  Mr.  Hoddle.  The 
principal  streets  wero  marked  to  be  00  ft.  wide. 
Governor  Boarke  named  Melbourne  after  the  then 
Prime  Minister,  Lord  Melbourne ;  Oollin»<treet,  after 
lieutenant  Governor  Collins;  Flinderaetreet.  after 
Captain  Flinders;  Bourke-strset,  after  himself; 
Lottsdale-strvet,  after  Captain  Lonsdale ;  Swanston- 
street,  after  C^>tain  Swanston ;  and  Russell-street, 
after  Lord  John  (now  Earl)  Russell.    March,  1887. 

An  address  was  presented  to  Sir  Richard  Bourke,  1^  the 
inhabitants,  to  which  he  replied,  end  he  subsequently 
nade  a  tiip  Into  the  interior  under  the  guidance  of 
Mr.  Wm.  Jadcson  and  Wm.  Buckley :  he  visited  Mount 
Macedon  and  Geelong,  the  latter  of  which  he  named 
after  the  native  name  of  the  hill  on  which  it  stands. 

Governor  Sir  Richard  Bourke  usmed  Hobson*s  Bay  after 
Captahi  Hobson,  R.N.,  of  H.M.S.  *' Rattlesnake,** 
April  10, 18S7. 

Rrst  marriaffe  solemnised  in  Melbourne,  April  80, 1887. 

The  first  chTtd  baptised  at  Melbourne  was  the  son  of 
James  Gilbert,  who  arrived  with  Fawkner's  party  at 
Port  Phillip  on  the  first  voyage  of  the  "  Enterprise.** 
He  was  named  John  Melbourne  Gilbert  April  80, 
1887. 

The  first  land  sale  took  place  at  Melbourne,  Robert 
Hoddle,  Esq.,  surveyor  in  charge  of  the  district, 
acting  as  auctioneer.  The  avenge  price  realised  for 
eat^ot  of  about  half  an  acre  was  £86.    June  1, 1887. 

Sir  Richard  Bourke  landed  and  encamped  on  the  site  of 
Melbourne,  March  4, 1887. 

Messrs.  John  and  Joseph  Hawdon  brooght  cattle  from 
their  station  at  Howlong  on  the  Murray  to  Melbourne, 
and  took  them  to  a  station  at  Dandenong  called 
Bigning,  which  Mr.  Alfred  Langhome  had  formed  on 
Bandenimg  Creek  for  Captain  Lonsdale  and  himself. 
July,  1837. 

Foster  Fyans,  Esq..  was  appointed  p<^ce  magistrate  at 
Geelong,  September  5, 1687. 

Patrick  Cussen,  Esq.,  was  uroointed  ctdonial  asststant- 
surgeon,  Septembcnr  12, 1887. 

A  serand  land  sale  was  held  at  Melbourne.  Mr.  John 
Pasooe  Fawkner  purdiased  the  allotment  at  the  comer 
of  CoDins  and  Market-streets  for  £10.  November  1, 
1887. 

Messrs.  James  Backhouse  and  George  Washington 
Walker,  Quaker  missionaries,  arrived  at  Port  Phillip 
in  the  "Edora,"  Stephen  Addison,  master.  They  left 
Port  PhiUip  on  the  17th  November  of  the  same  year. 
November  10, 1837. 

Messrs.  J.  T.  Gellibimnd  and  Hesse  were  lost  in  the  bush 
at  the  Cape  Otwav  ranges.  It  is  supposed  that  they 
were  murdered  by  the  aborigines.    A  skeleton,  dis- 


covered some  time  after,  was  identifled  as  that  of  Mr. 
Gellibrand,  from  the  fact  of  one  of  the  teeth  bdng 
filled  with  ffold.  Two  hills  not  tvr  from  Winchelse^ 
were  named  after  these  explorers,  November,  1887. 
A  fortnightly  mall  by  land  was  established  between 
Sydney  and  Melbourne.  Mr.  Joseph  Hawdon  con- 
tracted to  convey  it  between  Melbourne  and  Yass.  It 
was  carried  on  horseback  by  his  stockman,  John 
Bourke,  who  acted  as  mailman.  December  80, 1887. 

A  bushranger,  named  Cummerford,  having  at  Sydney 
confessed  that  ho  and  a  shoemaker,  name  unknown, 
and  a  man  named  Dignam,  had  murdered  between 
Melbourne  sad  Portland  Bay  rix  bushrangers,  whilst 
asleep.  Governor  Sir  Richard  Bourke  sent  Cionmer- 
ford  to  Port  Phillip  to  point  out  the  place  whero  the 
murder  had  been  oommitted.  Upon  Cummerford's 
arrival  in  Melbourne  he  was  sent  for  this  purpose  in 
charge  of  a  sergeant,  one  soldier,  and  two  constables. 
On  arriving  ^  the  spot  indicated,  200  miles  from 
Melbourne,  the  police  found  one  or  two  bushels  ci 
calcined  human  oones,  some  human  teeth,  and  hair 
unbumt,  and  some  shoe  nails  sad  buttons  from  the 
clothes  of  the  murdered  men.  On  their  return  they 
found  the  bones  of  a  horse's  head,  wUch  Cummerford. 
stated  had  belonged  to  Mr.  Ebden,  and  which  he  and 
Dignam  had  shot.  One  constable  and  the  soldier 
turned  back  for  some  tea  which  they  had  left 
behind,  whilst  the  sergeant,  the  remsinlng  constable 
(Tompkins),  and  Cummerford  went  on.  The  party 
stopped  to  cook,  the  sergeant  giving  his  musket  to 
Tompkins  whilst  he  made  a  firo.  Tompkins  havinr 
left  the  firearms,  Cummerford  seised  a  musket  and 
shot  him,  and  he  died  in  three  hours,  the  ball  having 
entered  the  left  side  and  passed  out  at  the  right 
breast.  Cumrooford  then  laundered  the  pack-horse 
and  eswped,  thoug^  pursued  by  the  sergeant  for  some 
time.  Tnis  took  place  on  December  80, 1887,  and  on 
January  1, 1888,  Cummerford,  whilst  trying  to  steal  a 
horse,  was  taken  into  custody  by  three  of  Mr.  Wedge's 
men. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Baxter  was  appointed  derk  of  the  bench 
of  magistrates,  January  16, 188& 

The  Rev.  James  Forbes,  Presbyterian  minister,  arrived 
in  Melbourne,  January  28, 1888. 

Mr.  Joeeph  Hawdon,  in  company  with  Mr.  Charles 
Bonney  and  a  party  of  nine  men,  started  from  his 
station  on  the  River  Murray  (at  that  time  known  as 
the  HumeX  to  drive  to  Adelaide  about  three  hundred 
head  of  cattle,  which  he  had,  towards  the  end  of  the 

Srevious  year,   brought    from    New  South    Wales. 
anuary.  1888. 
Peter  Snoagrass,  Esq.,  appolntedcommissloner  of  Grown 
Lands  for  the  Port  Phillip  district,  February  8, 1888. 

Mr.  John  Pasooe  Fawkner  commenced  the  printing  and 

Sublication  of  a  newspaper,  which  was  called  The 
telboume  DaUy  Newa  and  Port  PhiUip  Patriot,  It 
was  some  time  after  edited  by  Mr.  George  Darly 
Bourslquot,  Mut^h,  1888. 
A  party  of  men  In  charge  of  Mr.  William  P.  Faithful's 
sheep,  travelling  from  New  South  Wales,  were 
preparing  to  pnxseed  from  the  Broken  River  to  the 
Qoulbum  River,  in  the  Port  Phillip  district,  where  it 
was  understood  good  sheep  stations  might  be  had. 
Whilst  the  bullocks  wero  being  yoked,  the  men  with 
the  drays  heard  the  shepherds  shouting  for  hdp :  these 
latter,  who  wero  a  short  distance  from  the  encamp- 
ment herding  the  sheep  wero  presently  seen  running 
with  great  speed  towards  the  drays,  pursued  by  a 
body  of  blacks  throwing  spears  at  tnem.  Their 
companions  sA  the  encampment,  three  of  whom  wero 
armed  with  guns,  immediately  ran  to  their  assistance, 
with  the  intention  of  driving  off  the  blacks,  who  wero 
at  that  time  within  three  or  four  hundred  j^trds  of 
the  encampment.  One  of  these  men,  named  Bentley, 
fired  his  gun  into  the  air,  thinking  by  this  means  to 
intimidate  the  blacks,  but  the  shot  haid  no  effect ;  the 
blacks  still  pushed  forward,  cautiously  sheltering 
themselves  in  their  advance  behind  the  trees.  When 
very  near  the  whites,  one  came  forward,  and  was  in 
the  act  of  deliberately  poising  his  spear  when  Bentiey 
shot  him  dead,  and  was  himself  immediately  after- 
wards pierced  with  three  spears :  the  contest  then 
became  general,  and  Bentiey  was  last  seen  wounded 
and  fighting  desperately  with  the  butt  end  of  his 
musket ;  the  other  men,  at  whom  spears  wero  buried 


tit 


PORT  PHILLIP. 


taMU  All  dfreetlmi,  ind  wv«iml  strata  without  «ffect, 
•wing  to  the  shelter  of  the  trees  of  whi(^  the  bkcks 
had  availed  themselves.  The  blacks  increased  in 
nmnbera  and  pressed  their  advance,  mtil  the  whites 
were  in  danger  of  complete  WMnsafiw.  Seven  of  the 
party  of  flfteon  were  killed,  and  one  mortally  wounded. 
The  scirvivorB  joined  in  a  final  rosh  for  escape :  the 
blacks  qpened  in  two  lines,  and  speared  at  the  whites 
as  they  fled  between  them.  John  Oampbell,  who 
eioaped,  died  of  his  woonds.  Mr.  Crossley,  the 
overseer  of  the  party  (subsequently  a  butcher  at 
KilmoreX  was  one  of  tnose  who  moxped.  The  attack- 
ing .party  i^ipeared  to  the  fugitives  to  be  about  160  in 
number,  as  seen  ranged  up  In  the  two  lines  through 
which  Uiey  retreated.  At  about  100  yards  distant 
another  strong  party  of  armed  blacks  was  drawn  up ; 
but  took  no  part  in  the  contest.  It  is  said  there 
were  not  fewer  than  800  fighting  men  present,  and 
that  not  one  old  man  was  seen  among  them.  The 
party  in  charge  of  the  sheep  and  cattle  had  been 
awaiting  from  the  Saturday  previous  the  arrival  of  Mr. 
Qtorge  Fkithful,  who  was  only  a  day's  stage  behind, 
luid  was  momentarily  expected.  The  sheep  were  dis- 
persed, but  with  the  exception  «f  ISO  were  all 
recovered  ;  some  of  the  cattle  were  lost  Hr.  Qoorge 
FUthf  ul  and  OoL  White  were  camped  near  the  cross- 
ing place  of  the  Ovens  Biver,  where  one  of  the  men 
who  had  escaped  from  the  affray  arrived  some  28 
hours  after,  reporting  that  he  believed  he  was  the 
only  man  of  the  party  saved.    April  11, 1888. 

Mr.  Alfred  Langhome  left  Melbourne  for  Ifydney,  over- 
land ;  on  his  way  he  fell  in  with  the  remainder  of  Mr. 
FUthful's  narty,  near  the  Broken  River,  on  the  morn- 
ing after  tncir  alfray  with  the  blacks,  and  <m  the  night 
of  the  same  day  camped  with  them  near  Ovens  Biver. 
April,  1888. 

lady  Franklin  visited  Port  Phillip  fh>m  Van  Dlemen's 
Land,  of  which  colony  Sir  John  Ftanklin,  her  husband, 
was  lieutenant-Govemor,  April,  18S8. 

The  Bsv.  P.  B.  Geoghesan,  a  deigyman  of  the  Church  of 
Bome,  arrived  in  MelbQume  from  Sydney,  May  15, 
1838. 

Thellev.  P.  B.  Oeoghegan  (subsequently  Boman  Catholic 
Bishop  of  Adelaide)  celebrated  mass  in  Melbourne, 
Bfay  19, 1839. 

Wniiam  Wright  was  appointed  chief  constable  at  Mel- 
bourne, in  place  of  Heniy  Batman,  August  6, 1838. 

A  branch  of  the  Bank  of  Australasia  was  opened  at 
Melbourne,  in  a  small  brick  building  on  the  north 
skis  of  Little  Collins-street,  near  filisabeth-street, 
with  David  C.  M*Aithur,  Em.,  as  manager,  August 
15,  1888. 

Mr.  Dai4d  Kelsh  was  appointed  by  the  Gk>vemor  post- 
master of  Melbourne  ;  he  opened  a  post  oflloe  in  a 
small  brick  building  on  tne  north  side  of  Little 
Col]in»«treet,  a  little  to  the  westward  of  Temple 
Court.    September,  1838. 

An  Act  (2  Victoria,  Na  20)  was  passed  by  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  of  New  South  Wales,  to  enable  the 
printer  and  publisher  of  a  newspaper  to  make  the 
aflBdavit  and  enter  into  the  recognisance  required  by 
law,  before  the  police  magistmte  of  the  district  in 
which  such  newspaper  was  to  be  printed  and  pub- 
lished.   October  2, 1838. 

A  branch  of  the  Union  Bank  of  Australia  was  opened  at 
Melbourne  in  a  weatherboard  buikling  in  Queen'Street 
with  William  Highett,  Esq.,  as  manager,  October  17, 
1838. 

A  second  newspaper,  called  The  Port  PhUKp  Otaette^ 
was  printed  and  published  in  Melbourne,  $y  Messrs. 
Strode  and  Arden.  It  was  issued  twice  a  week.  Mr. 
Strode  had  brought  from  S\'dncy,  by  the  "  Denmark 
Hill,'*  the  typo,  and  a  wooden  press  cd  very  ancient 
construction,  with  which  this  paper  was'  printed. 
October  27, 1838. 

A  general  fast  was  kept  in  Port  Phillip  on  account  of 
the  long-continued  drought,  November  2, 1838. 

Oaptaln  Tobin  commenced  taking  charge  of  vessels  as  a 
private  pilot,  and  brought  the  schooner  **  Industry,** 
drawing  eight  and  a  half  feet  of  water,  up  to  the 
Melbourne  wharf,  November,  18SS. 

Mr.  Oeoigc  Augustus  Robinson  was  appointed  chief  pro- 
tector of    Aborigines,  and  Messrs.   Edwaid    Stone 


or   of 


.»»^,     William     Thomas. 
Sienrwrigfat,  and  James  Dredge, 
December  11, 1838. 

It     tppau*    from  a  aumiomadmm  of    the     Chirf 
aborisioMfthat  apon  the  Mtablishownt  of  the  protectorate  bf  ike  ap- 
pointment of  tlMM  gentlcaMD,  Port  Phillip  waa  dirtded  iato  ditti icta 
a*  foilowa : — 

•<  1.  The  QfUmg  or  Wcairm  DIatrict,  c^braciac  the  whoir  oT  the 
roantry  booadedl  on  the  aooth  hj  the  coaat  aatawdtan  fraok  ladc&tcd 
Head  to  the  Cleaelc,  or  boondaff  of  the  Sooth  AiwtrmUaB  Ptotdkc  : 
OB  the  north  bj  a  line  mnninff  from  a  point  9  odlca  aortii  of  M«l 

*acfc«ood 


NnmiTons,the  Mount  Blac 
to,  UoimtWUUam,  aa^  the  OlaMly  ;  the 


wood  of  MitclwII, 


to 


bonine  to 
Mount  Colo, 

the  BoQth  Anatralian  Province."  This  diatrtci  waa  auppoaad  to  con- 
tain about  lOUO  aboriffinea.  and  was  xander  C.  W.  Sicvwriidit,  Eaq., 
aMiatant-protector,  wiutae  naad-qaatteia  w«re  at  Menat  Boaae. 

*<  2.  The  Mount  Macedon,  or  North- Weatam  Oiatnct,  banded 
oa  the  aouth  b j  the  dutriet  of  Geeloag ;  on  the  wcat  bj  the  bovadaiy 
of  the  South  Auetraliati  Province  :  on  the  eaat  by  a  line  manittK 
north  tVom  Tareiewult,  or  Mo«nt  Maccdoa ;  tha  Northern  bonadarj 
line  nndrfinad."  Thia  diatriet waa  anppeeed  to  eoataia  not  maia  than 
too  oi  400  abor^pnea,  and  waa  under  E.  8.  Parker,  Eaq.,  aauctaat-pra- 
tcetor,  whoae  bead-qnartcra  were  on  the  Loddon  Rivar,  at  tha  bM  of 
a  volcanic  hill,  called  Jim  Crow,  now  Monnt  Franklin. 

"  S.  The  Oottlbnn  Riwr  Olatrict,  bounded  npoB  tbo  aonth  br  the 
Australian  Alps  ;  on  the  weat  hj  tha  boundary  of  the  luwat 
Macedos  diatriet ;  northern  and  ea«tem  boondanca  nndcflned."  This 
diatriet  waa  suppoaad  to  contain  about  lOOn  aboridnea,  aad  wm*  vnder 
W.  Le  Sonrff,  £k].,  aMUtant-protcctor,  wtaoac  hoad-qnartnra  ware  on 
the  Gottlbam  Rivar. 

"  4.  The  Western  Port,  or  Melbourne  Dtstrirt,  boaadcd  on  the 
■enth  bv  the  ciaat  trom  raint  Nepean,  ea«tward  ;  on  the  north  bj 
the  Anatralian  Alpa  ;  on  tlie  wrat  hy  the  Bay  of  Port  PbUIip ;  the 
eaatem  boundary  undefined."  This  diatriet  waa  ouppoocd  to  contain 
fiOO  or  60C  aborigines,  and  waa  under  W.  Thomaa,  fifq.,  aasiotsat' 

Srotector,  whose  head -qnartcra  were  at  Narre-Narre-Warrea,  about 
9  miles  from  Melbourne.  

The  Chief  Protector,  Mr.  O.  A.  Robinaen,  received  a  aolarr  of  £880 
a  year ;  out  of  which  he  had  to  provide  horses,  trnvallinit  aqaiipments, 
and  attendants.  lie  had  the  control  of  the  aaBiiAaat-protccton,had  to 
travel,  and  also  conduct  the  correspondence  of  the  depaitBiient.  Tha 
•alary  to  each  assistant-protector  waa  OSn  a  year,  with  an  allowance 
of  lOa.  8d.  a  day  as  cimmatation  for  forafe  aad  ratioaa.  The  chief 
and  asaistant'psotectota  were  alao  magiatratca  of  Sew  South 
Wales. 

Prior  to  the  establiahment  of  the  Protectorate,  a  Wesleraa  Miaidon 
to  the  Aboridnas  was  in  operation  at  Buntinroale,  on  t»e  Barvoa 
river,  in  the  Countf  of  Grant,  on  the  wsrtve  allotted  to  the  Msrciaa 
by  the  Goveiament.  The  Rev.  R  llurat  waa  anperifttaadcmt ;  tha  Rev. 
P.  Tttchflald,  missionary ;  and  Mr.  J.  Dredge,  secretary. 

The  Port  Phillip  Bank  was  establiabed  in  Melbourne, 
with  a  capital  of  £120,000 ;  John  Gardiner,  Esq.,  betng 
the  i«*nftginy  dlrectoT.    1838. 

First  races  held,  1888. 

William  Lonsdale  was  appointed  poUoe  magistnte  at 
Melbourne,  Januaiy  1, 1889. 

Hie  Melbourne  dub  was  instituted,  Januaiy  1,  18S0. 

The  barque  "Hope,"  arrived  from  ^jrdney,  with  130 
immigrants,  two  officers,  and  34  node  aad  file,  30 
women,  and  60  children  ;  Mcssra.  Parker.  ThoraasL 
Sierwright  and  Dredge,  who  had  recently  arrived 
from  England  with  the  appointments  of  Assbtsot-Pro- 
tectois  of  Aboriginals  were  on  board,  January  3, 
1880. 

The  minimum  price  of  Crown  Lands,  wfaidi  had  here- 
tofore been  5s.  an  acre,  was  raised  to  Us.  sn  acre, 
Januaiy  17, 1839. 

The  barque  "Thomas  Laurie,"  900  tons,  W.  B.  Price, 
master,  sailed  from  Port  PhUlip.  direct  for  London, 
taking  the  first  mail,  and  400  baios  of  wool,  vahied  at 
£6,500.    January,  1839. 

The  memben  of  the  association  formed  by  Batman, 
called  The  Port  Phillip  Aaoodation,  haviiv,  as  already 
stated,  obtained  an  allowance  of  £7,000,  m  the  remis- 
sion of  the  purchase  of  land,  in  oondderatioD  of  the 
expenses  they  had  incurred  in  the  first  forsciation  of 
the  settlement,  exercised  this  concession  in  the  pur- 
chase of  9,416  acres  of  land  to  the  west  of  Ocdoog. 
February  13. 1839. 

The  petition  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Bumard  was  printed  by  order 
of  the  Rouse  of  Ckmunons.  In  this  petition  retaenoe 
was  made  to  a  correspondence  which  took  piMe  in 
October,  iaS8,  and  January,  1830,  between  Mssotbl 
James  Graham  and  Ck>.,  and  Lord  Glenelg,  hi  which 
the  former  solicited  permission  to  purt^iase  10,000 
acres  of  land  at  or  near  the  Glenelg  Biver,  iUirtrslia 
Felix,  with  the  object  of  establiriiing  a  colony  thae. 
The  petitioner  was  informed  that  Australia  FeUx  was 
a  port  of  New  South  Wales,  and  that  it  must  rat  witli 
the  local  Government,  in  the  first  instance  to  d^er- 
mine  the  expediency  of  putting  up  for  sale  Isms  m 
that  district    Februaiy  14, 1839. 

Mr.  Cfharies  Bonney  left  Port  Phillip,  for  Adelaide,  ^tti 
cattle ;  he  proceeded  by  way  of  the  Gleoslg,  taUowing 


PORT  PHILLIP  HEADS^POSTAL. 


315^ 


fteeoMtHne  near  MotratGrnmbier.  He  was  the  lint 
INnoa  who  craand  to  that  eokmj  by  thk  route.  Mr. 
AUred  Leuaghome  followed  Mr.  BoDneT,  keeping  hb 
tnck  to  the  Junction  of  Lake  Alexandrina  with  the 
Munaj  River.    February  26, 1839. 

A  atone  Jetty  was  c<nnpleted  at  WUlianutown,  March  24, 
ISSO. 

Edward  Jones  Brewster,  Esq.,  barrister'at-law,  was  ap- 
pointed chairman  of  quarter  sesrions  at  Port  Phillip, 
March  27, 1830. 

Ihe  first  pound  was  established  at  Port  Phillip,  March 
SI,  1838. 

The  ship  "John  Bany,**  J.  Bohson,  niaster,  arrived  from 
9y&aej  with  200  unmlgnnts;  E.  J.  Brewster,  Esq., 
was  a  passenger.    April  28, 18S9. 

The  tfst  Oourt  of  ^{uarter  Sessions  was  held  at  Mel- 
bourne, E.  J.  Brewster,  Esq.,  being  chairman,  and  Mr. 
Hoiatio  Ndson  Oarrington,  Crown  Prosecutor,  May 
IS,  1830. 

The  baraue  "  Midlothian,"  George  Morrison,  master, 
antve  nrom  Leith.  This  was  the  first  merchant  vessel 
direct  irtan  a  British  port  to  Hobsos's  Bay.  Mr.  John 
Hunter  Kerr,  a  relative  of  Governor  Hunter,  came  to 
the  colony  m  her,  as  also  31  cabin  passengers.  On 
the  same  day,  the  barque  "  William  Bnran,^'  Roman, 
master,  from  London,  vid  Cireular  Head  and  Launoes- 
ton,  passed  up  the  bay.  Thomas  Herbert  Power.  Esq., 
late  M.  L.C.,  was  on  board.  Both  vessels  grounded  on 
the  passage  up.    June  17, 1839. 

A  bcandi  of  the  Colonial  Treasury  at  Sydney  established 
at  Melbourne,  July  7, 1839. 

Mr.  Edward  Curr.  afterwards  known  as  "the  Father  of 
separation,'*  arrived  from  Circular  Head,  Van  Diemen's 
Luid,  in  the  schocmer  BaqU,  bringing  with  hini. 
for  Site,  some  cattle  descended  from  some  of  the  best 
herds  in  England,  August,  1839. 

The  foundation  stone  of  an  Independent  Chapel,  in 
Collins-street  east,  Mdboume,  laid  September  6, 1839. 

Bobert  Saunders  Webb,  Esq.,  appointed  sub-treasurer  at 
Port  Phillip,  September  10, 1839. 

Three  allotments  in  the  town  of  Melbourne,  Koa.  6, 6, 
and  7,  of  block  14,  situate  in  Collins-street,  near  Queen- 
steeet^  eadi  containing  about  half  an  acre,  and  which 
had  been  purchased  by  Mr.  Charles  H.  Ebden,  at  the 
Government  land  sale  on  the  Ist  June,  1837,  for  £136, 
were  sold  by  auction,  and  realizad  £10,224.  Septem- 
ber 14, 1839. 

Charles  Joseph  La  TVobe,  Esq.,  who  had  been  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Port  Phillip  by  the  Home  Govern- 
ment, with  a  salary  of  £800  a  year,  arrived  in  Mel- 
bourne by  the  "  Pyramus,"  from  Sydney,  and  landed 
under  a  mlute  of  nine  guns.  September  80, 1839. 

Mr.  La  Trobe  met  the  inhabitants  of  Melbourne  in  the 
Auction  Company's  Rooms,  Collins-street.  His  In- 
stroctions  were  read  to  the  public,  and  he  was  presoi- 
ted  with  addresses,  to  whicn  he  replied.  Ckstober  2, 
1839. 

The  Ber.  James  Coud  Qrylls,  a  clergyman  of  tiie  Church 
of  ^igland,  arrived  in  Melbourne  from  ilydney,  in  the 
"I>enmark  Hiil."  He  had  been  appointed,  on  the 
6th  September,  bishop's  surrogate  for  granting  mar- 
riage licenses.    October  12, 1830. 

James  Montgomery,  Esq.,  was  appointed  dark  of  the 
Peace  at  Port  Phillip,  October  20, 1839. 

The  foundation  stone  <A  St.  James's  Church,  William- 
ttreet,  was  laid  by  his  Honor  C.  J.  La  Trobe,  Novem- 
ber«  1839. 

James  Croke,  Esq.,  who  had  been  appointed  bv  the 
Home  Government  Clerk  of  the  Crown  at  Port  Phillip, 
Mr.  (now  Sir)  Redmond  Barry,  J.  B.  Brewer,  Esq., 
banister-at-law,  James  Montgomery,  Esq.,  and  Messrs. 
Edward  Scwell,  Robert  Dean,  and  Richard  O'Cock, 
■QUdtori,  and  Neil  Black,  Esq.,  arrived  in  Melbonnie 
by  the  "  Parkileld. "    November  13, 1889. 

Great  flood  at  Port  Phillip,  November  26, 1839. 

Foster  Fyans,  Esq.,  was  appointed  police  magistrate  at 
Portland  Bay,  and  Nicholas  A.  Fenwick,  Esq.,  police 
magistrate  at  Geelong,  December  22, 1839. 

Rrst  Government  sale  of  land  in  Portland  Bay  District, 
at  the  Auction  Company's  rooms,  Melbourne,  October 
16  1840. 

Port  Phillip  Turf  Club  formed.  Committee:— J.  D. 
Ljon  Campbell,  C.  H.  Ebden,  J.  Hawdon,  H.  Jamie- 
son,  G.  B.  Smyth,  and  William  Vcroer,  December  12, 
1840. 


Flnt  race  meeting  eommenced  under  the  waaskem  of 
the  Club,  April  18, 1841. 

Beguiations  promulgated  for  the  sale  of  Crown  Lands  in 
Port  PhiUip,  January  21, 1841. 

Foundation  stone  of  the  first  Presbyterian  churdb  laid  in 
Melbourne,  Januaxy  22, 1841. 

The  Supreme  Court,  Melbourne,  opened  for  the  first 

time,  April  6, 1841. 
▲  Water  Pblioe  M^jiatiate  appointed  for  Port  Phillip, 

July  8, 184L 
LitUe  Bourke,  Little  Collins,  and  LitUe  Lonsdale  streets, 

Melboume,  named,  and  width  fixed  at  83  feet,  March 

7,1844. 
Foundation  stones  of  Prince's  Bridge  and  Mettwume 

Hospital  laU,  March  20, 1846. 
Public  meeting  held,  and  measures  taken,  for  separating 

Port  Phillip  from  New  South  Wales,  December  80, 

1840 
First  Judge  (Willis)  appointed,  February  6, 184L 
Judge  WiQis,  Resident  Judge  at  Port  Phillip,  removed 

from  the  Bench  November  12, 1842.    [See  Men  op  th> 

Tnitt  (ITiUit  ytidoei] 
Governor  Gipps  vidted  Port  Phillip,  October  26, 1848. 
Certain  returns  were  laid  before  tne  Legislative  Council 

with  respect  to  the  Port  Phillip  district,  which  showed 

that  from  the  foundation  of  that  settlement  40  whites 

had  been  killed,  and  the  Europeans  had  despatched 

llSblacka    1844. 
Erected  into  the  Colony  of  Victoria,  July  1, 1851.    \See 

VICIORXA.] 

PORT  PHILLIP  HEADS.  The  dUtance 
between  the  heads  of  Port  Phillip  is  3,900  yards. 
The  navigable  channel  is  about  1,600  yards. 
1879. 

PORT  STEPHENS.  Mr.  Charles  Grimes, 
Deputy  Surveyor-General,  was  sent  to  Port 
Stephens  to  examine  its  locality,  and  returning 
from  his  visit,  reported  that  he  saw  nothing 
in  the  locality  to  recommend  it  to  the  oplony. 
1794. 

POSTAL. 

Isaac  NicholB  first  Postmaster,  N.  S.  W., 
1815.     [He  died  in  1819.] 

The  system  of  General  Post  Office  communi- 
cation established.  The  lowest  postage  waa 
three  pence,  the  highest  one  shilling,  according 
to  distance,  on  newspapers  one  penny  was 
charged  ;  March  8,  1827. 

Mr.  Raymond  appointed  Postmaster,  New 
South  Wales,  1829.  THe  died  during  his  term, 
of  office,  Ma^  29,  1851.] 

The  question  of  a  regular  postal  oommunica* 
tion  between  England  and  the  Colonies  first 
opened ;  two  routes  were  advocated — one  by 
the  wav  of  the  Red  Sea,  and  the  other  hy  the 
way  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  but  neither 
plans  were  put  into  practice  until  the  lapse  of 
many  years.    July,  1834. 

Mr.  John  Bateman  elected  by  the  settlers  of 
Port  Phillip  as  their  Postmaster  General,  July, 
1836. 

Fortnightly  mail  between  Sydney  and  Port 
Phillip  estabUshed,  February  3,  1837.  [John 
Haw(u>n,  first  contractor.] 

Melboume  Post  Office  opened  August  12L 
1841. 

The  first  mail  from  Melboume  to  Mount 
Macedon,  started  Febmary  17,  1844. 

A  public  meeting  was  hold  in  Sydney,  to  oon<« 
sider   the   question    of   steam    communicatioil 


21« 


POUNDS— PRESBYTERIAN. 


between  Sydney  and  England.  A  committee 
waa  appointed  to  collect  information  on  the 
subject,  and  the  resnlt  was  the  recommendation 
of  a  postal  service  between  this  colony  and 
England,  which  was  subsequently  adopted  by  a 
Committee  of  the  Legislature.  The  route  by 
way  of  Singapore  was  adopted.  At  this  time 
the  latest  intelliffence  m>m  England  was 
generally  five  monws  old.    March,  1846. 

InteUi^nce  first  received  that  the  Lords  of 
the  Admiralty  had  advertised  for  tenders  for 
the  conveyance  of  the  mails  between  Sydney 
and  Sin^pore,  January  15,  1849.  The  colonists 
were  without  the  mails  which  were  despatched 
from  London  on  the  1st  September,  in  the  pre- 
vious year.  During  this  year  the  contract  for 
the  conveyance  of  mails  was  entered  into  by 
way  of  Singapore  and  Torres  Straits,  with  the 
Indian  and  Australian  Steam  Packet  Company. 
January,  1849. 

The  Crovemment  brought  forward  a  measure 
for  the  introduction  of  a  uniform  rate  of  postage, 
1849. 

' '  Chusan, "  first  steamer  from  England,  arrived 
at  Melbourne,  July  23 ;  arrived  at  Sydney, 
August  3,  1852. 

A  measure  was  passed  in  the  Legislative 
Council  for  a  reduction  of  charce  for  books  sent 
by  post.  It  was  intended  to  foster  a  taste  for 
litenture  and  disseminate  useful  information 
throughout  the  colony.  1852. 

The  New  South  Wales  Oovemment  offered  a 
bonus  varying  from  £6,000  to  £20,000  for  the 
establishment  of  a  monthly  line  of  steamers  to 
England.  1852. 

New  General  Post  Office,  Melbourne,  opened 
1867. 

New  Post  Office,  Adelaide,  opened  May  6, 
1872. 

The  **  Sun  Foo,"  first  mail  steamer  via  Torres 
8tv-aits,  arrived  off  Cape  Moreton,  December  12, 
1873.  • 

New  General  Post  Office,  Brisbane,  erected, 
1873. 

The  "  Maceregor "  steamship— the  first 
Australian  and  American  mail  vessel — left 
Sydney  for  San  Francisco,  December  20,  1873. 

The  English  mail  service  from  Sydney  via 
San  Francisco,  undertaken,  temporarily,  by  the 
A.  S.  N.  Company,  August  31,  1874. 

New  General  Post  Office,  Sydney,  commenced 
in  February,  1866 ;  opened  bvHon.  Saul  Samuel, 
Postmaster-General,  September  1,  1874. 

Postal  cards  first  issued  in  Sydney,  New 
South  Wales,  by  Hon.  J.  F.  Bums,  Postmaster- 
General,  the  nrst  day*s  issue  being  12,000, 
October  1,  1875. 

Ladies  first  employed  in  Electric  Teleeraph 
Department,  at  the  General  Post  Office,  Sydney, 
N.  S.  W.,  by  the  Hon.  J.  F.  Bums,  Postmaster- 
General,  1875. 

The  R.  M.  S.  S.  "Siam**  delivered  the  mails 
which  left  London  on  October  26th  (the  mails, 
allowing  for  detentions,  having  been  only  34 
days,  22  hours  at  sea),  December.  3, 1877 


B.  M.  S.  S.  '*  Siam*'  detirerad  in  Melboame 
the  mails  from  England  via  Brindiai,  in  96  days* 
August  11,  1878. 

Post  Omcss. 
Number  qf,  •»  Australasia, 

New  Soath  Wales   TBS 

KewZealind    816 

QaeenaUuid  210 

SouthAustnUft 414 

'numuiia  177 

VlcUNia M8 

WestAurtnlla 58 

Totil 8,406  in  U7S 

POUNDS. 

First  established  and  pound-keepers  appointed 
throughout  New  South  Walea.  August  24,  1811. 

The  first  pound  at  Port  Phillip^  established 
March  31,  1839. 

PRAED,  WiNTHORP  Mackworth.  [See  Prizb 
Poems.] 

PRATT,  Major-Gknbral  Sir  Thomas  SiMPSOV, 
publicly  invested  by  his  Excellency  Sir 
Henry  Barklv,  Governor  of  Victoria,  witii 
the  ribbon  and  badse  of  a  Knight  Commander 
of  the  Most  Honorable  Order  of  the  Bath,  this 
being  the  first  ceremony  of  the  kind  performed 
in  Australia.  April  15,  1862.  [See  "Mrn  op 
THE  Tims,"  {PraU,  Majw-Oeneral  Sir  T.  i$).] 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

First  church  erected  in  the  colony,  at  Port- 
land Head,  Hawkeebury.  Divine  worohip  con- 
ducted by  James  Mein.     1809. 

The  fint  church  erected  in  the  colony  of  New 
South  Wales  by  voluntary  subscription  was  the 
work  of  a  dosen  free  immisrant  families  of 
Presbyterians,  who  had  in  18(w  settled  on  their 
100-acre  grants  at  Portland  Head,  on  theHawkes- 
burv,  1810. 

l^e  foundation-stone  of  the  Scots*  Church  of 
St.  Andrew's  was  laid  by  Governor  Brisbane. 
July  1,  1824. 

Rev.  John  Dunmore  Lanff,  D.D.»  first  min- 
ister, arrived  in  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  May  8,  1823. 

Rev.  Dr.  Lang  preached  his  introductory  ser> 
mon  in  Sydney,  June  8,  1823. 

Rev.  .^[rchibald  Macarthur  preached  first  ser- 
mon at  Hobart  Town,  January  12,  1823. 

Foundation-stone  Presbyterian  Church,  Ho- 
bart Town,  laid  by  Governor  Arthur.  March 
21,  1824. 

Presbyterian  Church,  Hobart  Town,  opened 
September  12,  1824. 

Foundation-stone  of  Presbvterian  Chorcfa, 
Charlotte  Place,  Sydney,  laid  by  Governor 
Brisbane,  July  1,  1824. 

Rev.  J.  M<Garvie,  minister  of  the  Established 
Church  of  Scotland,  arrived  in  the  colony,  May 
23,  1826. 

The  foundation  stone  of  St.  Andrew's  Scots' 
Church  was  laid  by  Colonel  Snodgrsas,  Nov. 
30,  1833. 

Rev.  James  Forbes,  the  first  Pretbyteriaa 
clergyman,  arrived  in  Victoria,  1888. 


PKESBYTBRIAN. 


217 


Foondation-Btoiie  of  ft  Scotch  Church  laid  in 
Jldboiinie  by  David  Patrick,  Eao.,  M.D.  The 
Rev.  James  Forbes  was  the  resiaent  minister. 
January  22,  1842. 

A  separation  in  the  Soots'  Church  took  place 
at  a  public  meetine  of  the  Presbyterians,  held 
in  the  Soots*  Churcn  in  Jamison-street,  Sydney; 
it  was  formally  determined  to  renounce  their 
connexion  with  the  Synod  of  Australia,  and  all 
State  support.     February  22,  1842. 

The  Synod  of  Australia  deposed  Dr.  Lang, 
he  having  formerly  abandoned  them  in  February 
previous.    October  12,  1842. 

Foundation-stone  of  St.  Andrew's  Presbyte- 
lian  College,  Sydney,  laid  May  9,  1875. 

Rev.  Irvine  Hetherington  cued  at  Melbourne, 
July  6,  1875. 

St.  Andrew's  College,  Sydney,  opened,  July 
22,1876. 

LIST  OF  CLEBGTHEN. 

Ifew  Hehrideg, 

Aimand  J Aneltum 

GopebuidJ Futuna 

Hftdieoxie  J.  W. Elktd 

Haodoiwld  Duiiel  Etat^ 

Xnae  Peter Ngtuia 

NeQaoii  ThomM Tuana 

flUmJ.Q Aniwa 

Boberteon  Hush  A Eramonffa 

WattW Tuina 

IQcfaelaen  Oscar,  Mr. Ngana 

Sew  South  WaU$. 

Adam  Bev.  James,  M.  A. Penrith  and  St  Varf* 

Azmrtroog    Rev.    Andrew,    l-nunworth 

Archibald  Rev.  J.  H Cooma 

^?Srt?.  .^:  .^". .^: }»*•  Andrews,  Forbes 

Aold  Rev.'  jdbn,  M.aI Aahflekl,  Liverpool  Road 

Aylizw  Rev.  Jolm  Scone  and  Aberdeen 

Bain  Rev.  William Hunter-street,  Newcastle 

Baker  Rev.  William |  Orijto^^Missionary,  Two- 

Baanatjne  Rev.  John  Manning  River 

Beg  Wudr,  M.D.,  LL.D Chalmer's  Church 

Benvie  Rev.  James    West  Maitland 

Boag  Rev.  Robert,  LL.D.    . .  Hinton  and  Morpeth 

Bonthcnie  Rev.  James,  M.A.  St  Stephen's,  East  Maitland 

Ouneron  Rev.  Archibald  ....  Olen  Innes 

Ctoeron  Rev.  James,  M.  A. . .  Richmond  and  Kunajong 

Collie  Rev.  Robert Newtown 

Cosh  Rev.  James,  M.A.    Balmain 

Contts  Rev.  James,  M.A. St  Andrew's,  Newcastie 

Curtis  Rev.  Thomas  J Waterloo 

Dymock  Rev.  J.  W.  Broughton  Creek 

lltsgeitdd  Rev.  Patrick   ....•{  ^^J^i^J^j^' "** ''*^' 

'^  ^:  ^!^..  !!^^l  }  RJctanond  River 
I\illerton  Rev.  James,  LL.D.    Pitt-street,  South 
Gardiner  Rev.  Andrew,  M.A.    Glebe 
Gaidner  Rev.  William Bombala 

^^le,  dS:    ^^:.  .^  }  ^  S**?'*^"'**  Bathuist 
Gibson 'Rev.  Joiin .'.    Dungog  and  Stroud 

Grant  Rev.  WQliam,  M.A.  . .    Shoalhaven 

Ordg Rev.  Colin R.  HUlEnd 

Grimm  Rev.  Geoiye,  M.A.  . .    Young 
Haoasman  Rev.  John  (with- ' 
out  charge)  

^OicSSite)^.*^!.  .^.^  I Bahnain  Mission  Church 
HoUandRev.  Edwani" !!!.!.    Dubbo 
Innes    Rev.    James    Mark,)  «».iM„.„MMr« 
(CandS.) 7;|Wellingrove 

Jarvie  Rev.  A.  Milne St  David's,  Ashfldd 


Johnstone  Rev.  Thomas  .... 

Kerr  Rev.  Robert  M.A. 
(without  diarge) 

Rinrofli  Rev.  John,  B. A.  .... 

Lainff  Rev.  James  Samuel   . . 

Laugnton  Rev.  James  B., 
B.A.    

Mackenzie  Rev.  Peter  Fal- 
coner CandS. 

Mackenzie  Rev.  William  .... 

Mackenzie  Rev.  Simon,  M.A. 

Macready  Rev.  Henry  (C 
and  S.;  

MaodougaU,  Rev.  Allan  M.A. 

M'Ewen  Rev.  Alexander  .... 

M'Oibbon  Rev.  John,  LL.D. 

M'Kinnon  Rev.  Roger   

Malcolm  Rev.  Gavin  (with- 
out charge)  

Milne  Rev.  James,  M.  A.  

Mood  Rev.  Christopher  John 

Moore  Rev.  David,  B.A. 
(without  chaive) 

Murray  Rev.  J.  I) 

Osborne  Rev.  Thomas 

Paterson  Rev.  Robert  Smith 

Ross  Rev.  Duncan « . . . . 

Steel  Rev.  Robert,  Ph.  D., 
D.D 

Steel  Rev.  Robert  A.,  B.A. 
(Licentiate) 

Stewart  Rev.  CoUn,  M.A. 
(without  charge) 

Stirton  Rev.  Thomas 

Stuart  Rev.  John  Anthony. . 

TUtRev.  A.M 

White  Rev.  William  Mook«, 
LL.D.     

White  Rev.  James  Smith, 
LL.D      

Wilson  Bev.  John,  M.  A.  

New  Zealand, 

Allsworth  Rev.  Ralph  J 

Barclay  Rev.  George 

Breach  Rev.  Moses  S.    

Brown  Rev.  George,  M.A.    . . 

Bruoe  Rev.  David  

Burnett  Rev.  Henry  B 

Oalder  Rev.  Patrick  

Campbell  Rev.  John 

CampbeU  Rev.  William 
Ricarhv 

Oarrick  Rev.  Alexander   .... 

Cree  James  Warwick 

Douglas  Rev.  Alexander  Frost 

Douglas  Rev.  Wm.,  M. A 

DouU  Rev  James    

Duncan  Rev.  James 

Elmslie  Rev.  John,  M.A 

Frazer  Rev.  J.M 

Eraser  Rev.  Robert,  MA 

Galloway  Rev.  James    

Gillies  Rev.  Wm. 

Hay  Rev.  Peter  S.,  M.A 

HIU  Rev.  James 

Hogg  Rev.  David   

Homer  Rev.  W.  Hancock    . . 

Lindsay  Rev.  George 

Mackay  Rev.  John,  M.A 

MacNiool  Rev.  Robert  Fer- 
guson   

Marie  Rev.  John 

Mason  Rev.  Peter,  B.  A.  .... 

M'Ara  Rev.  Wm.    

M'CaUumRev.  NeU 

McGregor  Rev.  Robert 
Fielding 

M'Intosh  Rev.  Joshua,  M.A. 

M'Kee  Rev.  James 

M*Kenn^  Rev.  R. 

M'Lae  Rev.  William 

Moir  Rev.  John  

Monroe  Rev.  George  Biwett 

Morice  Bev.  Georve  

Nelll  Rev.  Samuel  James. . . 


Armidale 

j-HasIem'sCreek 

St  Andrew's  College 
Muswellbrook 

St  John's,  Orange 


St.  John's,  PaddingtoD 

Bowenfells 
Braidwood 

Pitt-street,  South 

Grafton  and  Ulmarra 

St.  Paul's,  Mudgee 

Woolloomooloo 

St  Peter's,  St  Leonazd's 


St  John's,  Paddinffton 
WaUsend  and  Lambton 


Tutorial  Institution 

Parramatta 
Ttoilga 
Pyrmont 
Walcha 

St.      Stephen's,      Phillip- 
street 
5 


■Sydney 

Inverell 

Wollongong 

St  Andrew  s,  Goulbam 

St  Andrew's 

St  Andrew's,  Singleton 
Kiama. 


Waverley,  W. 
Geraldine,  C. 
New  Plymouth,  T. 
Onehunga,  A. 
Auckland 
Ashburton,  CL 
Nelson 
Nailer,  H.  B. 

Omaru,  C. 

Auckland 
Leeston,  C. 
Greymouth 
Akiuxn,  C. 
Rangitikei,  W. 
Foxton 
Cheh 

Waipowa,  H.  B. 
Waipukurau 
Pidcekohe,  A. 
Timaru,  C. 
Tauranga,  A. 
Thames,  A. 


} 


Papanui,  C 
Wiamate,  C. 
Otahuhu,  A. 

{•Auckland 

Katikati,  A. 
Auckland 


} 


Oxford,  C. 

W. 

Sefton,  a 
Masterton.  W. 
Warkwortn,  Auc 
Waiapu,  A. 
Wellington 
Auc. 

Hokitika 
Thames,  A. 


ai8 


PRlSSETTERIAK. 


Norrie  Ber.  ThomM VipAnm,  A. 

Ogg  Rey.  ChftrlM  &,  M.A.  ..  WeilingtOB 

Patenon  Rev.  Junei WeUington 

Riddle  B0r.  Pirtzick Pictoo,  IL 

Root  Rev.  Wm.  H OM>orB«,  A. 

Ross  Rer.  John  Tunkioft,  W. 

Rundman  Rev.  David  WU-) 

Uanwon,M.A. / 

Shqpnerd  Rev.  Alexander    . .  Havelodc,  H.  B. 

ShinifB  Rev.  Wm.,  M.A. Blenlieiin 

Skiey  Rev.  David    ^^S^ 

Sadth  Rev.  James  Milne Pouoek,  A. 

SomerviUe  Rev.  Robert    ....  Wban,  A. 

Stewait  Rev.  Wm. Marton,  W. 

Tony  Rev.  James Haweta,  T. 

Treadwell  Rev.  James WaagaDiii 

Waddeil  Rev.  Rufherfoid    . .  Prebbleton,  C. 

Wallls  Rev.  James,  M.D Waagarei,  A. 

Watt  Rev.  William . 


outgo  and  SmUkkmd  (JT.^ ) 

Alezazuler  Rev.  Hioinsa  ....  Longbiuh,  O. 

Allan  Rev.  John  M.   Inchcluftha,  O. 

Amot  Rev.  Alfred  B Donedin 

Baixd  Rev.  James  Hampden,  O 

Bamiennan  Rev.  Wm Puema,  O 

Rett  Rev.  Andrew 'ftqpanui,  O 

Blake  Rev.  Alexander Dnnedin 

Bo7dBev.A.O Kaikoni,  O 

BoiTie  Rev.  David Waihola,  O 

Cameron  Rev.  Junes Weston,  O 

Christie  Rev.  John WaUcooaiti,  O 

Chisholm  Rev.  James   Milton,  O 

ClariE  Rev.  James  Palmenton,  O 

Connor  Rev.  Cfaades Clinton,  O 

Copland  Rev.  James,  M.  D. . .  Dunedin 

Cow  Rev.  Hugh Lawrence,  O 

Davidson  Rev.  T.  M MataunL  O 

Drake  Rev.  Benjamin  CromweU,  O 

Finlayson  Rev.  Alexander  M.  Blueskin,  O 

Oown  Rev.  John Donedin 

OreigRev.  A N.  E.  Hsrbour,  Duaedln 

Henry  Rev.  James Mataiua,  O 

Johnstone  Rev.  William Port  Cbalmen,  O 

James  Rev.  Kirkland    Outran,  O 

Mackie  Rev.  Lindsay Dunedin 

M'Ara  Rev.  John    Baldutha,  O 

Morrison  Rev.  Robert  C. Switzers,  O 

Niven  Rev.  Ja^es Dunedin 

Patterson  Rev.  James  Oillie  InvercargiU 

Roes  Rev.  C.  S Anderson's  Bi^r,  Dnnedin 

Ross  Rev.  Donald Queenstown,  O 

Russel  Rev.  T.  M. GaverBham,  Dnnedin 

Ryley  Rev.  John Otepopo,  O 

Salmond  Rev.  William Dunedin 

Skinner  Rev.  James  Widtahuna,  O 

Smith  James  M'Cosh Naseby ,  O 

Steven  Rev.  John  Papakaio,  O 

Stevens  Rov.  Andrew    Wallacetown,  O 

Stobo  Rev.  Andrew  H Invercaigill 

Stuart  Rev.  Donakl  M. Dunedin 

Sutherland  Rev.  J.  M. TUeri  O 

Telfoid  Rev.  Robert Roxborough,  O 

Thomson  Rev.  J.  M Winton,  O 

Todd  Rev.  B.  A Omaru 

Watere  Rev.  John Warepa,  O 

Watt  Rev.  Michael Green  Island,  O 

WiURev.Wm.    Thleri,  O. 


South  AtutraUa. 

An»».  r  tT  /  Mount  Pleasant,  ToasMZls 

'*°«^''-^ i     SouthRhine        ^^ 

Davidson  J. 

Davidson  W Wallaroo 

Gordon  J Gawler.  Smithfleld 

Henderson  J 8t  Anorew's,  Adelaide 

Henderson  J.  P.  Stmthalbyn 

Knox  A.  F AdehOdeNotth 

Law  A Monarto 

LvallJ Flinder's  Street,  Adelaide 

McBean  J.  (M.A.)   Woodside 

MitcheU,a Clare  and  Blyth's  Plains. 

PatonD.  U,A    RD.) Chalmer's  Adelaide 


VUteHa. 

Abemsthy  J.,  B.A.    Sandridge 

Ballantjme  D.  H Brighton,  Cheltenham 

BaUantyaeJ Presbytery dsrk 

«_^,  T  i  MettMunie,  Simpnn'aBflsl 

""■"*^ \     Latrobe-street. 

Ben—    Emenldmil 

BnnrB  J.  (MissioBaiy)  Gbaiftable  iMlltatiaai 

OUmsA.,  D.D.    fineritaa 

Caldwell  J Momington 

Chu'keJohn WHIiamstown 

Cooper  Jdm Cobnrg 

Davidson  A.,  M.M. Cmnbonme 

Elliot  F.  (Missionary) Tarravilla 

Fraser  W.  G Essenden 

Olfchrist  A.  OiKD.)  Hotham 

Hamilton  Robert Fitnuj 

HaidieA.  Riftbiwwl 

Hi^  J Elstemwick 

Kininmout  A.  D. . . . . '. Emeritus 

IdrleJ.(M.A.) NertbCarltoa 

Maodonald  D.  (D.D.) Emerald  Hill 

MaodonaldM.  Toorak,  Orrong  Boid 

Mackaiia BuUa 

Mackie  A LUydale 

Mackie  W.M   Donnybrook 

McEaclu-an  D.  & Gkriton 

McKenxie  D CoUingwood 

MacNeanA. Brunswick 

Manby  J Ghmpbellfleld,  Eppinf 

Mercer  P.  (D.D.) Assembly  Treasunr 

Patten  J.  (M.A.) Hawthorn 

Robinsons St.  Kilda 

RorkeE.(BA.)  Footscraj 

Souter  ^OJliam    Whittlcsea 

Stobbs  J.  G.  (MA) WestMdboane 

Strong  Charles Melbourne 

Weir  J.  (Bfissionaiy) Simpson's  Road 

WU8on,F.R.M. Kew 

Baird  CL  J Geelong 

Campbell  A.  J Geelong 

Dickie  John  D Colac 

Gardner  John  Queensdifl 

Fraser  T.M.(M. A.)    Geelong 

LamUeJ Wyndham 

MilneS Duneed 

Simpson  A.   The  Ldgh,  Inverlfligii 

Smith  R.  J.  (BA.)  Meradith,  Lethbiidge 

Steele  John   BeUariue 

PnAytery  cf  MorOakt. 

Corrie  Samuel KUnoorat 

Dykes  John  Mortlake 

EllermanH.C. Lismore,  Foxhoirs 

Fraaer  S.  (MA.)  Terang 

Giles  H.  B.    Belftkst 

Hamilton  W.  (M.A.) Emeritus 

Morton  W.  L.  Camperdown 

MuirJ.  S WiekUfle 

RobbA. Koroit 

SouterD.A. AUansford 

PreAytery  of  H<nn£Uion. 

Bsffley  iphn Portland 

Caldweir  R  A. Mount  Gsmbicr 

Chamber  Andrew    Penshunt 

FinlayH.  H. Ponola 

Gillespie  W.J Colerafaie,  ]l«ri«» 

Henderson  J Balm<a«l 

Lee c.  D >. Cavendish 

McGalmanD Mosquito  Fteias 

Macmillan  J.  K.  (6. A.) Hamilton 

Thomson C.  (MA.).. Branxholms 

Prubytery  ttf  Wimmera. 

Adam  0.  W. Horsham 

Graham  G St  Amand 

Kelso  Samuel    Stawdl 

Megaw  James Ararat 

SwanH. Donald 


PRESENTATION— PRINCESS  CHABLOTTE  BAY. 


il« 


JUwwdiT.    ChOtern 

Qid?J«iBM(M.A.) TackMdtndBh 

HcnrJ , Albuiy 

KackieJ.a Beechworth 

MardockA. BenaUa 

J*reMbptery  nf  Seyfiumr, 

Biker W.  A.. Sejuiout 

M*CiitehMi  J.  W. Lower  Ooidbiini 

]ttxveUD.&  KUmore 

BcSdJ.B. Ifanafleld 

SwiftT.  B Murchison 

TboouonW. MooroopDa 

WalrJ Buroft 

Pntbytgrji  q/  BaUmtrt. 

Adams  Alex.  (M.A.)  Beaufort 

ftnntOD  D.  8.  BkUan 

Ouipbell  WilUam  GMi^j^hain 

DiekJamei  Belknt 

Gny  Elder  (B  A.)  Clunee 

HamUtOB  R.  (M.  A.). Leermonth 

BMtfBThomu Bontayong 

HeodenonW. Ballarat 

Hntdiiion  W.  B.  (M JL)   ....  Scarsdale 

IdsQb  J.  W B&Darftt,  SoaCh-elareet 

BoU]uodC(B.A.) Crenrick 

SoaterF mners' Rest 

SieelJ.  B. Windermere 

Steele  John  (H.A.) Rokewood 

Taylor  Robert  Q Smeftton,  Kangaroo  Hilb 

WalkerRobertT Ballaiat 

Wbu  W.  T.  (ILA.) Skipton 

Pretbyttry  tf  Ca«Ciciita»n«. 

ChunbersJ.  a Rochester,  Corop 

Griffiths  J.  (Mtadooary)    ....  TAmagcdla 

HimiltonS.A Hay 

Johnstone  J.  a  (MJL) Eduna 

Klrkwood  J Avoca 

UwsooJ.  W.   Dunolly 

UweisR.  Esglehawk 

MeArthnrJ DeniUquin 

McCby  A.  R.  B.  (B.A.) Outlemaine 

VNiool  A Uoulamein 

Hscdonald  W.  C.     Bt  John's,  Sandhmtt 

Mathers  George  Swan  Hill 

NicolJohn    IWbot 

Kish  James  Sandhurst 

Bobertson  J.  D Wentworth 

BaiBW.flM.A.> T^iadale,  Fyyentown 

Roxburgh  L. Medderbum 

RttsseUJ Mewstead 

Smeaton  James  (M.A.) MaiVborough 

Stoker  A.  Golden  Square,  Sandhnnt 

"RkylorJ.  W Bfaldon 

Pntbytery  iff  Maetdon  and  Werribte. 

Annoor  J.  £ ^ Woodend  and  Kewham 

Bon  J Kyneton 

Harve?  J.  (Missionay)   T^lden 

UndW.A.    Lanoefleld 

UoekJohn Gisbome 

Benton  D R.  Creek 

Smith  A.  C Daylesford 

Webster  W.  (Miadonary)  ....  Redesdale 


Prewbytery  of  OippOand. 

Groondwater  J. T^araville 

BMinmrnnmr  f!>  A  f  Ramah    Yack,   Missionaiy 

'''^^oaamt  F,  A.   -J     to  the  Aboriglnali 

LoKinW.a Sale 

Main  W.  F.    Balmsdale 

Roberts  John    Stratford 

1MtUthgow(B.A.) Maffra 

WUsonJ.G Rosedale 


PaiumuAir  GuaoYinir  kot  coNmcTD 
OeiiOinAL  Chubch  (Victobia  ) 

Matthew  W.. Pleaaant  Creek 

Moore  A.  M. Geelong 

PaulA.   StKilda. 


TKn  cuuxcn  of  scoTLAim. 

Tamtania, 

Campbell  Rev.  Lacfalan    Oatlanda 

BNocior    Rev.   Alex.   (Mode- )  q^,,^.! 

ratoi) 1^"^ 

Black  Rer.  Joseph Bothwell 

Bodge  Rev.  Henry St  Andrsw's,  lAnncerton 

Do?e  Rev.  Thomas Glen  Qala  and  Swansea 

Duff  Rev.  Robert  a  Evandale  and  Upper  Kile  • 

Jenldn  Rer.  F.  T. Ddoraine  and  Haijley 

Lindsay  Rer.  James ....|Clj^mer's  Church,  Lawwea. 

Mather  Rev.  J Sootsdato 

M'Lean  Rev.  Robert Newtown 

Michie  Rev.  Alex. Kirklands  and  Bskdale 

Nicholson    Rev.   W.,    D.D. ) 

(Emerttus) f 

Seott  Rev.  James  Bt  John's,  Hobart  Town 

Storie  Rev.  James St  Andrew's,  Hobart  Town 

Tombull  Rev.  D.    Campbelttown 

Waid«opRev.J.R.  ...* |0-mpbelltownandMaeqa^ 

Webster  Rev.  R.  Maclaren..{C^^*^™^  H*»^ 


PRESENTATION.  Presentation  of  a  ailver 
tea  and  coffee  service  and  apurse  of  sovareigiiB 
(total  value  £2,000),  to  Hon.  J.  S.  Farnell, 
M.L.A.,  by  the  people  of  New  Soath  Wales, 
January  22,  1876.  [See  Bowbn,  Ladt  ;  BoBiN- 
SON,  Hov.  liADT ;  ExnjB,  Constitution.] 

PRESS,  Liberty  of  thx. 

The  liberty  of  the  Press  in  the  colony  was 
acknowledged  by  His  Excellency  Sir  Thomas 
Brisbane,  by  an  <^cial  letter  adoressed  by  the 
Colonial  Secretary,  Goalbum,  to  the  editor  o£ 
the  OateUe,  October  15,  1824. 

Threatened  by  Governor  Darling,  who  was. 

Justice 


rung,  wi 
of  Chief 


however,  foiled  by  the  firmness 
Forbes,  1826. 

The  Press  threatened  with  a  censorship  if  not 
conducted  in  a. more  temperate  manner,  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1828. 

Newspaper  reporters  first  allowed  in  the 
Council  Chambers,  Sydney,  June  6,  1838. 

PRICE,  John,  Supmntendent  of  Prisons  at 
Williamstown,  Victoria,  murdered  by  convicts, 
March  26,  1857. 

PRIMOGENITURE,  Law  of,  done  away  with  in 
New  South  Wales  by  the  Act  26  Victoria,  Na 
20.  Reserved  December  20, 1862.  Assented  to 
July  21,  1863. 

PRINCESS  CHARLOTTE  BAY,  Caverot  at^ 
Remarkable  caverns,  showing  a  variety  of  native 
paintings  <m  the  wall,  discovered  here  by  Cap- 
tain King.   1821. 


320 


PMNTING— PBISONa 


PRINTING. 

GoTermnent  orders  first  printed  by  a  lately 
aniTed  prisoner,  with  a  printing  press  brought 
out  by  the  •*  first  fleet"     November,  1795. 

'*Act8  ^d  Orders  of  Governor  King,"  first 
book,  printed  by  Geo.  Howe,  the  first  printer  in 
Anstnuia.    1795. 

GOVBRKMEKT  PrIXTBR'S  DbPARTMSNT, 

Sydney,  N.S.W* 

First  Oovemment  OazeUe  published  1832. 

John  KUcheut  first  official  Government  Printer, 
apTOinted,  1841.    Succeeded  by — 

W.  J.  Row,  appointed  1841.    Succeeded  by — 
W.    W,  Daviee,  acting  Government  Printer, 
1845 ;  appointed,  1849.     Succeeded  by — 

William  Hanson  appointed  Government 
Printer,  March,  1854.     Succeeded  by — 

Thonuu  Bidtards,  as  Government  Printer,  31 
M^,  1859 ;  as  Inspector  of  Stamps,  17  June,  1859. 

Ae  Government  Printing  Office  was  originally 
on  the  present  site.  SuMequentlv  where  the 
District  Court  is.  The  present  building  was 
occupied  in  1856. 

Custody  of  printed  forms  transferred  from 
Colonial  Stores,  1855. 

Printing  of  postage  stamps  taken  over  from 
separate  department,  1857. 

bookbinding  branch  started,  1858. 

Numbering  machines  introduced,  18G0. 

Perforating  machines  introduoed,  1860. 

Stereotyping  and  electrotyping  introduced, 
1864. 

Paper-ruling  added,  1865. 

Duty  stamps  first  printed,  1865. 

Printing  of  railway  tickets  transferred  from 
Railway  Department,  1867. 

Printing  electoral  lists  and  rolls  for  the  whole 
Colony  commenced,  1867. 

Photo-lithographic  branch  commenced,  1868. 

Improved  system  of  deb^iture  printing  in- 
vented, 1870. 

Mr.  Richards,  Government  Printer,  visited 
Europe  on  leave  of  absence,  1876-7;  Charles 
Potter,  acting  Government  Printer. 

Woodbury,  heliotype  and  other  photo-me- 
chanical processes  commenoed,  1878. 

The  present  staff  consists  of  308  persons. 

A  fire  broke  out  in  the  Photo-lithographic 
Branch  during  the  dinner  hour.  It  was  dis- 
covered before  it  had  made  much  progress,  and 
was  extinguished  bv  a  number  of  the  hands  who 
happened  to  be  about.  Their  services  were 
acknowledged  by  the  Government,  and  each 
person  who  helped  was  liberally  rewarded.  Feb. 
12,  1879. 

SUMMART    OF      WORK      PERFORMBD      BY     THB 
SEVERAL    BRANCHES,   FOR  1878. 

1,  Letter-press  and  LithograpJuc  Printing, 
8,068  documents,  containing  55,588  pages; 
aggregate  number  of  copies  printed,  21,203,229. 

f  .  Bookbinding,    1,828,435  books  were  bound. 

S.  Paper-ruling.  Number  of  sheets  of  all 
sizes  ruled  to  various  patterns,  1,328,435. 


4,  Publishing,  102,780  parcels,  13,387  letters, 
and  1,048,264  Gazettes  were  posted  or  d^vered. 

5,  Poslage-Stami9  Printing.  The  number  of 
postage  stamps  printed  and  issued,  19,874,600; 
value,  £146,790. 

6,  Photography  and  Pkoto-Litkography.  Maps 
and  plans  reproduced,  929  ;  negatives  taken, 
1,085 ;  photographs  printed,  3,500 ;  photo- 
lithograpnic  tranners,  822 ;  total,  6,336. 

7,  Photo-Mechanical  Branch.     Started,  1878. 

8,  Railway  Ticket  Printing.  Number  <xf  rail- 
wav  tickets  issued,  2,450,000. 

Frizes  for  work  awarded  at  Exhibitions : — 
Intercolonial,  Melbourne,  1866-7,  for  books,  Ist 
prize,  bronze  medaL  International,  Paris,  1867, 
for  books,  certificate.  Intercolonial,  Sydney, 
1870,  for  photo-lithographs,  silver  medaL  Inter- 
colonial, Sydney,  1872,  for  economical  printing 
appliances,  bronze  medal.  Intercolonial,  Sydney, 
1874,  for  bookbinding,  bronze  medaL  Inter- 
colonial, Melbourne,  1875,  for  excellent  col- 
lection of  books,  1st  prize,  bronze  medaL  Inter- 
national, Philadelphia,  1876,  for  printing,  ruling, 
and  binding,  bronze  medal ;  for  photo-litho- 
graphs, bronze  medaL  International,  Faiis,  1878, 
ror  printing  and  binding,  silver  and  bronze 
medals  ;  for  photographs,  bronze  medsL 

GOVBRNMENT  PrINTIKO  OfTICE,  MELBOURNE. 

Melbourne  Government  Printing  Office,  first 
established,  1851.  Edward  KhuU,  first  Govern- 
ment Printer,  July,  1851,  J.  Ferres,  present 
Government  Printer,  November  10,  185L 
Number  of  workmen  first  employed,  6  oidy, 
1851.  At  this  period  there  were  onlv2  hand- 
presses  in  use.  binding  branches  added  June, 
1854.  Other  branches,  such  as  litJiographic, 
wood-enffraving,  &c.,  have  from  time  to  time 
been  added.  Seventy-one  workmen  employed, 
1854.  Two  hundred  and  twelve  workmen 
employed,  April,  1879. 

PRISONS. 

First  public  meeting  held  in  the  colony  of 
New  South  Wales,  to  raise  funds  to  build  a  gaol, 
June,  1799. 

The  sum  of  £10,000  voted  by  the  Council  for 
the  erection  of  a  gaol  at  Darlmghurst,  Sydney, 
1835. 

Cockatoo  Island,  Parramatta  River,  near 
Sydney,  first  established  as  a  place  for  convicts, 
Februwy,  1839. 

Darlinghurst  gaol  first  occupied  by  prisonen, 
June  7,  1841. 

Cockatoo  Island  constituted  as  the  penal 
establishment  of  the  colony  of  N.S.W.,  1841. 

Pentridge  Stockade,  near  Melbourne,  pro- 
claimed a  Mouse  of  correction,  April  20,  1852. 

Cockatoo  was  proclaimed  as  a  penal  station 
under  the  Colonial  Government  in  1847. 
[Although  used  by  the  Imperial  Grovemment  as 
a  prison  for  man^  years  previously,  by  an  order 
from  the  Colomal  Secretary,  dated  April  2, 
1856,  it  was  directed  that  after  that  date  it 
should  be  the  destination  of  all  prisoners  sen- 
tenced to  work  on  the  roads  and  other  puUie 
works  of  the  colony.] 


PRIZE  ESSAYS— PRIZE  POEMS. 


221 


Berrima  ^l  omstitatod  a  model  prison, 
MftToh  23,  1865. 

St.  Helena  penal  estaUiahment  of  Queensland 
situated  on  an  island  500  acres  in  extent,  in 
Moreton  Bay,  22  miles  from  Brisbane.  First 
detachment  of  prisoners  landed  there  in  charge 
of  Mr.  John  McDonald,  May  20,  1867. 

Cockatoo  Island  abandoned  as  a  prison  and 
its  name  changed  to  Biloela,  1872. 

The  alleged  maltreatment  of  prisoners  in 
Berrima  gaol  discussed  in  the  Legislative 
Assembly,  May  7,  1878 ;  Royal  Commission 
appointed  to  enquire,  July  2,  1878;  reported 
November  26,  1878. 

PRIZE  ESSAYS. 

On  progress  of  New  South  Wales,  offered  by 
proprietor  of  Evening  New$,  won  by  Mr.  Edward 
Dowline,  1867. 

On  the  "Abolition  of  Newspaper  Postage," 
won  by  Mn  Edward  Dowling,  1869. 

On  *'  The  Future  Land  Policy  of  New  South 
Wales,"  offered  by  proprietors  of  Wagga  Wagga 
Advertiser,  won  by  Mr.  Samuel  Cook  of  8.  If, 
H&rcM ;  Mn  Charles  St.  Julian,  second.  Nov. 
24.  1869. 

"  New  South  Wales,"  offered  by  Philadelphia 
Exhibition  Commission,  won  by  A.  M.  Cameron. 
1876. 

PRIZE  POEMS. 

W.  Mackworth  Praed  gained  Chancellor's 
Medal  at  Cambridge  for  poem  on  Australia, 
beating  W.  0.  Wentworth  (whose  poem  was 
placed  second  in  the  list)  and  25  others,  1822. 

S.  Smith,  »  student  at  Hydnex  Albery  School, 
Winchester,  awarded  a  prize  for  a  Latin  poem 
on  Australia,  June  12,  1829. 

W,  H.  H,  Yarrington  sained  University  of 
Sydney  prize  for  poem  on  Australia,  1859. 

John  Fen^,  M.A.,  won  prize  poem,  subject 
"  Australia,  offered  by  proprietor,  Sydiey 
Evening  News,  1867. 

PRAED*S  POEM. 

AUSTRALASIA. 

A  Poem  which  obtained  the  Chancellon'e  Medal  at  the 
Cambridge  Commeneement,  182S.  By  Wihthorp 
MAcswoRTn  Prasd,  Trinity  CoU^fire. 

Tqs  ran  is  high  in  heaven ;  a  £ayouTing  breeae 
FillB  the  white  eail,  and  sweepe  the  rippling  mm  ; 
And  the  tall  veeeel  walks  her  detttin'd  way. 
And  rocks  and  glitters  in  the  curling  spny ; 
Among  the  shrouds,  all  tnppinessand  hope. 
The  busy  seaman  coils  the  rattling  rope. 
And  tells  his  Jest,  and  carols  out  his  song. 
And  laughs  his  laughter  vehement  and  long. 
Or  pauses  on  the  deck  to  dream  awhile 
Of  his  babes'  prattle,  and  their  mother's  smile. 
And  nods  the  head,  and  waves  the  welcome  hand. 
To  those  who  weep  upon  the  lessening  strand. 

His  is  the  roving  step  and  humour  dry. 
His  the  light  laugh,  and  his  the  Jocund  eye ; 
And  his  the  foeling  which  in  guilt  or  grief, 
ifafciM  the  sin  venial  and  the  sorrow  brief : 


But  there  are  hearts,  that  merry  dedc  below, 

Of  darker  error,  and  of  deeper  woe. 

Children  of  wrath  end  wretchedness,  who  grieve 

Not  for  the  country  but  the  crimes  they  leave ; 

Who,  while  for  them  on  many  a  sleepless  bed 

The  prayer  is  murmured,  and  the  prayer  is  shed. 

In  exile  and  in  misery,  lock  within 

Their  dread  despair,  ttieir  unrepented  sin, — 

And  in  their  madness  dare  to  gaio  on  heaven. 

Sullen  and  cold,  tmawed  and  unfoigiven  I 

There  the  gaunt  foVber,  stem  in  sin  and  shsme, 

Shows  bis  dull  features  and  his  iron  frame ; 

And  tenderer  pilferers  creep  in  silenoe  by, 

With  quivering  Up,  flush'd  brow,  and  vacant  eye. 

And  some  there  are,  who  in  the  doee  of  day, 

With  dropping  Jaw,  weak  step,  and  temples  grey. 

Go  tottering  forth,  to  find,  across  the  wave, 

A  short  sad  sojourn  and  a  foreign  grave : 

And  some,  who  look  their  tost  and  long  adieu 

To  the  white  dills  which  vanish  from  their  view 

While  youth  still  blooms,  and  vigour  nerves  the  arm. 

The  blood  flows  freely,  and  the  pulse  beats  warm ; 

The  hapless  female  stands  in  silence  there. 

So  wodE,  so  wan,  and  yet  so  sadly  fair, 

That  those  who  gaie,  a  rude  untutored  tribe 

Check  the  rude  quesUcni,  and  the  wounding  gibe. 

And  look,  and  l<mg  to  strike  the  fetter  off. 

And  stay  to  pity,  though  th«y  came  to  scoff ; 

Then  o'er  her  cheek  there  runs  a  burning  blush 

And  the  hot  tears  of  shame  begin  to  rush 

Forth  from  her  swelling  orbs ;— she  turns  away, 

And  her  white  fingers  o'er  her  eyelids  stray ; 

And  still  the  tears  through  those  white  fingers  glide. 

Which  strive  tu  check  them,  or  at  least  to  hide. 

And  there  the  stripling,  led  to  plunder's  school. 

Ere  passion  slept,  or  reason  learned  to  rule. 

Clasps  his  young  hands,  and  beats  his  throbbing  bndn. 

And  looks  with  marvel  on  his  galling  chain. 

Oh !  you  may  guess  from  that  unconsdous  gaio 

His  soul  hath  dreamed  of  those  far  fading  days, 

When,  rudely  nurtured  on  the  mountain  brow, 

He  tended,  day  by  day,  his  father's  plough ; 

Blessed  in  his  day  of  toil,  bis  night  of  ease. 

His  life  of  purity,  his  soul  of  peace. 

Oh,  yes !  to^y  his  soul  hath  backward  been 

To  many  a  tender  fkce  and  beauteous  scene  ; 

The  verdant  valley  and  the  dark  brown  hill. 

The  small  fair  gaiden,  and  its  tinkling  rill. 

His  grandame's  tale,  believed  at  midnight  hour, 

His  sister  singing  in  her  myrtle  bower, 

And  she,  the  maid  of  every  hope  bereft 

So  fondly  loved,  alas !  so  ftdsely  left, 

The  winding  path,  the  dwelling  in  the  grove 

The  look  of  welcome,  and  the  kiss  of  love— 

These  are  his  dreams ;  but  these  are  dreams  of  bliss ! 

Why  do  they  blend  with  such  a  lot  as  this  ? 

And  is  there  nought  for  him  but  grief  and  gloom, 
A  lone  existence,  and  an  early  tomb? 
Is  there  no  hope  of  comfort  and  of  rest 
To  the  seared  consdenoe,  and  the  troubled  breast 
Oh  say  not  so !    In  some  far  distant  dime 
When  lives  no  witness  of  his  early  crime. 
Benignant  penitence  may  haply  muse 
On  purer  pleasures,  and  on  brighter  views. 
And  slumbering  virtue  wake  at  last  to  claim 
Another  being  and  a  fairer  frame. 


222 


FBIZE  POEHEL 


BeMitiful.kad !  within  whtm  <iiilei  i 

Loet  spliitfl  may  toig«i  Um  ftain  tbqr  ban ; 

Beautiful  lud !    with  aU  thy  blooded  afaMiM 

Of  waste  and  wood,  rode  rodcs,  and  level  glidwi, 

On  thee,  on  thee  I  gaxe,  ae  Ifndemii  look 

On  tikt  blest  iabnd  of  their  prophet's  book ; 

And  oft  I  deem  that,  linked  by  mafif  spell, 

Pwdcm  and  peace  upon  thy  ▼alloys  dwi^ 

Like  two  sweet  Houria  bedcoming  o*er  the  deep 

The  sottis  that  tramble  and  the  cgree  that  wespw 

Therefore  on  tiiee  undyiiv  ■nnbeame  throw 

Their  clearest  radianoe,  and  their  wannest  glow^ 

And  trsnquil  nights,  oool  gales,  and  gentle  showeca 

Make  Uoom  eternal  in  thy  sinless  bowers. 

Qreen  is  thy  turf ;  stem  winter  doth  not  dara 

Tobrsathe  his  blast,  and  leave  a  ruin  then. 

And  the  charmed  ooean  roams  thy  roeka  around. 

With  softer  motion,  and  with  sweeter  sound : 

Among  thy  blooming  Howers  and  blushing  frait 

The  whispering  of  young  birds  is  never  mute, 

A.nd  never  doth  the  streamlet  oeaae  to  swell 

Through  its  old  channel  in  the  hidden  deU. 

Oh !  if  the  Muse  of  Qreeoe  had  ever  ■tny'd 

In  solemn  twilight^  throuj^  thy  forest  i^ade. 

And  swept  her  lyre,  and  walked  thy  meads  along 

The  liquid  eeho  of  her  ancient  song— 

Her  btblittg  faney  in  that  hour  had  found 

Voices  of  music,  shapes  of  graoe  around ; 

Among  thy  trees,  with  merry  step  and  fl^anoe. 

The  Dyrad  then  had  wound  her  wayward  danoe^ 

And  the  oold  Naiad  in  thy  waters  fair, 

Bath'd  her  white  breast,  and  wrong  her  dripping  hair. 

Beautiful  land !    upon  so  pure  a  plain 

Shall  superstition  hold  her  hated  reign  ? 

Must  bigotry  build  up  her  cheerless  shrine 

In  such  an  air,  in  such  an  earth  aa  thine  T 

Alas !  Religion  from  thy  phudd  isles 

Veils  the  warm  splendour  of  her  heavenly  smileo. 

And  the  wn4>t  gaier  on  the  beauteous  plan 

Finds  nothing  dark  except  the  soul  of  man. 

Sweet  are  the  links  that  bind  U3  to  our  kind, 
Me^,  but  unyielding,  felt,  but  undefined  ; 
Sweet  is  the  love  of  brethren ;  sweet  the  jay 
Of  a  young  mother  in  her  cradled  boy  ; 
And  sweet  is  childhood's  deep  and  earnest  glow 
Of  reverence  for  a  fathei's  head  of  snow ! 
Sweeter  than  all,  ere  our  young  hopes  depart^ 
The  quickening  throb  of  an  impassion'd  heart, 
Beating  in  silenoe,  eloquently  stfn. 
For  one  lov'd  soul  that  answers  to  its  thrill. 
But  where  thy  smile,  Beligion,  hath  not  shone^ 
The  chain  is  riven,  and  the  charm  is  gone. 
And  unawaken'd  by  thy  wond'rous  spell, 
The  Feelings  slumber  in  their  silent  celL 

Huah'd  is  the  voice  of  labour  and  of  mirth. 

The  light  of  day  is  sinking  from  the  earth. 

And  evening  mantles  in  her  dewy  calm 

The  couch  of  one  who  cannot  heed  its  t)alm*. 

Lo  !  where  the  Chieftain  on  his  matted  bed. 

Leans  the  feint  form,  and  hangs  the  feveriiAi  head  ; 

There  is  no  lustre  in  his  wandering  eye. 

His  forehead  hath  no  show  of  majesty. 

His  gasping  lips,  too  weak  for  wail  or  prayer. 

Scarce  stirs  the  breeze,  and  leaves  no  echo  there. 

*  This  ■ketch  of  the  death  of  «  New  Zealtnder.  and  of  the  eniwr- 
itition  which  prcTents  the  offering  of  uij  eotuolatloa  or  uelatABce, 
nnder  the  idea  that  a  eick  maa  ie  under  the  iaflvrace  of  the  Ddty, 
it  taken  fVom  the  narrative  of  the  death  of  Duatsm,  frieadly 
Chieftain. 


And  his  stMNig  arm,  eo  noMy  wubI  to 

The  ftether'd  target,  or  the  aohen 

DniQ|ia  powerieos  and  eoU  t  thapang  of  doatti 

Looks  the  set  teeth,  and  ohokoo  the  straggling  hmthk 

And  the  last  glimmering  of  departing  day 

Ungm  around  to  herald  life  away. 

Is  there  no  duteous  youth  to  qninkle  now 
Onedrop  of  water  on  his  lip  and  brow7 
No  dark-eyed  maid  to  bring  with  soundless  foot 
The  lullii^  potion,  and  the  healing  rootT 
No  tender  look  to  meet  his  wandering  gaae  T 
No  tone  of  fondness,  heard  in  happier  days. 
To  soothe  the  terrors  of  the  qpirit's  fHght, 
And  speak  of  mercy,  and  of  hope  to-night  t 

All  love,  all  leave  him  !  terrible  and  slow 
Along  the  crowd  the  wfaiqiered  murmurs  grow— 
*' The  hand  of  Heaven  is  on  him !  is  it  our^s 
"  To  cheek  the  fleeting  ai  hU  numbered  boursY 
"  Oh  not  to  us,  oh  not  to  us  is  given 
"  To  read  the  book,  or  thwart  the  will  of  Heaven ! 
"  Away,  away !"  and  each  *»***^^''  teoe 
Boooils  in  horror  from  his  sad  ombraoe ; 
The  turf  on  which  he  lies  is  hallowed  ground. 
The  stillen  priest  stalks  i^oomily  around. 
And  shuddering  friends  that  dare  not  soothe  or  isTe, 
Hoar  the  last  groan  and  dig  the  destined  grave. 
The  frantic  widow  folds  upon  her  breast 
The  glittering  trinket,  and  the  gorgeous  vest, 
Circles  her  neck  with  many  a  mystic  charm. 
Clasps  the  rich  bracelet  on  her  desperate  arm. 
Binds  her  black  hair,  and  stains  her  eyelid's  fringe 
With  the  Jet  lustre  of  the  Emu*s  tinge ; 
Then  on  the  spot  where  those  dear  ashes  Ho, 
In  sullen  transport  sits  her  down  to  die. 
Her  sorrowing  kindred  mark  the  wasted  cheek, 
The  straining  eye-ball,  and  the  stifled  shridc. 
And  sing  the  praises  of  her  deathless  name, 
As  the  last  flutter  racks  her  tortured  frame. 
They  sleep  together  o'er  the  natural  tomb, 
The  lichen'd  pine  rears  up  it  form  of  gloom. 
And  long  acacias  shed  their  shadows  grey, 
Bloomless  and  leafless  o'er  the  buried  day  ; 
And  often  there,  when  calmly,  ooldly  bri^t, 
The  midnight  moon  flings  down  her  ghastly  tight, 
With  solemn  murmur,  and  with  sUent  tread, 
The  prayer  is  murmured  and  the  verse  is  said. 
And  sights  of  wonder,  sounds  of  spectral  fear. 
Scare  the  quick  glance,  and  chill  the  startled  ear. 

Tet  direr  virions  e'en  than  these  remain ; 
A  fiercer  guiltiness,  a  fouler  stain ! 
Oh ;  who  shall  sing  the  scene  of  savage  strife. 
Where  hatred  glories  in  the  waste  of  life  T 
The  hurried  march,  the  looks  of  giim  delight. 
The  yell,  the  rush,  the  slaughter,  and  the  flight, 
The  arms  unwearied  in  the  cruel  toil. 
The  hoarded  vengeance  and  the  rifled  qM)il ; 
And,  last  of  all,  the  revel  in  the  wood. 
The  feast  of  death,  the  banqueting  of  blood ; 
When  the  wild  warrior  gaaes  on  his  foe, 
Convuls'd  beneath  him  in  his  painful  throe, 
And  lifts  the  knife,  and  kneels  him  down  to  drain 
Hie  purple  current  from  the  quivering  vein  T 
Cease,  cease  the  tale— and  let  the  ocean's  roll 
Shut  the  dark  horror  from  my  wildered  soul ! 

And  are  there  none  to  suooonr  T  none  to  qieed 
A  fturer  feeling  and  aboUer  ereed? 


PKZZE  FOElia 


223 


Alia !  for  tUi,  upon  tiM  oee»h  hhM, 
I^mentod  Oook,  thj  pennon  hither  flev ; 
Fortiua,*  andenated  &9t  the  ngkog  hrine, 
Ihe  Tentoroufl  nnak  upheld  his  teTioor^s  ligD. 
Unheppy  Chief  1  while  tuuj  ttiiis  eurvejB 
The  ■oUtered  iaiete,  and  the  eperkHng  beyi, 
Beneath  whoee  cloudlees  eky  nd  goigeous  aim 
Thy  life  was  ended,  and  ttiy  voyage  done. 
In  shadowy  miat  thy  form  appeen  to  glide. 
Haunting  the  grove,  or  lloeting  on  the  tide ; 
Oh  !  there  wae  grief  for  thee,  and  bitter  tean» 
And  racking  donbta  tiiroagh  Icmg  and  Joyleaa 
And  tender  tongues  that  habbled  of  tlM  tfaeme^ 
And  kmeiy  liearts  tlMtdoated  on  the  dream. 
Me  mmaarj  deems  alie  aaw  thy  cheriah'd  fonn 
Snatch'd  fhnn  the  fbe,  or  rescned  from  the  atorm  ; 
And  faithful  love,  onCalling  and  nntir'd, 
Gnng  to  each  hope,  and  aigh*d  as  each  ezpir'd. 
On  the  bleak  desert,  or  the  tamUess  sesy 
No  prayer  was  aaid,  no  requiem  sung  for  thee ; 
Affection  knows  not  whether  o'er  thy  grave 
The  ocean  nrannor,  or  the  willow  imve ; 
Bat  etill  the  beacon  of  thy  sacred  name 
Lights  ardent  souls  to  vhrtue  and  to  fame ; 
Stfll  science  mourns  thee,  and  the  grateful  muse 
Wreathes  the  green  cyprees  for  her  own  Perouse. 
Bat  not  thy  death  shall  mar  the  gradons  plan. 
Nor  check  the  task  thy  pious  toil  began ; 
O'er  the  wide  waters  of  the  bounding  main 
The  book  of  life  shall  win  ita  waj  again, 
And,  in  the  regions  by  thy  fate  endear'd. 
The  cross  be  lifted,  and  the  altar  rear'd. 

With  foirow'd  brow,  and  cheek  serenely  fair, 

The  cahn  wind  wandering  o'er  his  sUver  hair. 

His  arm  iq>lif ted,  and  his  moisten'd  eye 

Fix'd  in  deep  rapture  on  the  molten  sky — 

Upon  the  shore,  tiirouc^  many  a  billow  driven. 

He  kneels  at  last,  the  messenger  of  heaven ! 

Long  years,  that  rank  the  mighty  with  the  weak 

Have  dimm'd  the  flush  upon  his  faded  cheek. 

And  many  a  dew,  and  many  a  noxious  damp, 

The  daily  labour,  and  the  i^htly  lamp : 

Have  reft  away,  for  ever  reft,  from  him 

Hie  liquid  accent,  and  the  buoyant  limb : 

Yet  stm  within  him  aspirations  swell 

Which  time  corrupts  not,  sorrow  cannot  quell, 

The  changelesR  seal,  which  on,  from  land  to  land. 

Speeds  the  faint  foot,  and  nerves  the  withered  hand 

And  the  mild  charity  which,  day  by  day. 

Weeps  every  wound  and  every  stain  away. 

Rears  the  young  bud  on  many  a  blighted  stem. 

And  longs  to  comfort,  where  she  must  oondenm ; 

With  these,  throufi^  stonns,  and  bittemesa,  and  wrath, 

In  peace  and  power  he  holds  his  onward  path. 

Curbs  the  fierce  soul,  and  sheathes  the  murd'rous  steel, 

And  calms  the  passions  he  has  ceased  to  feel. 

Tea !  he  hath  triumph'd !— whfle  his  lips  relate 

The  sacred  story  of  his  Saviour's  fate. 

While  to  the  search  of  that  tumultuous  horde 

Be  opens  wide  the  everlasting  word. 

And  bids  the  soul  drink  deep  of  wisdom  there. 

In  fond  devotion  and  in  fervent  prayer. 

In  speechless  awe  the  wcmder-strlcken  throng 

Check  their  rude  feasting  and  their  berbarous  song: 

Around  his  steps  the  gathering  myriads  crowd. 

The  chief,  the  slave,  the  timid,  and  the  proud  ; 

*  From  the  GOMt  of  Atutralaiia  the  lact  deipatchet  of  La  PereoM 
vera  dated. 


Of  varioos  f eatores,  and  of  varioiui  dress. 

Like  their  omn  forest  leaves,  eonfrii^d  and  nmnbarieM. 

Where  shall  year  temples,  where  your  worahip  he^ 

Gods  of  the  ahr,  and  rulen  of  the  seaf 

In  the  glad  dawning  of  a  Under  light. 

Your  blind  adorer  quite  yonr  gloomy  rile. 

And  kneds  in  flhrtniMi  on  his  native  plain, 

A  happier  votary  at  a  holier  fane. 

Beantlfol  hmd  t  farewell  !-when  toU  and  strife, 
And  all  the  sighs,  and  all  the  shui  of  life. 
Shall  cone  about  me ;  vdien  the  light  of  truth 
ShaU  scatter  the  hri^t  sEdsta  that  danled  youth. 
And  memory  muse  in  sadness  o'er  the  past. 
And  mourn  for  pleasures  far  too  sweet  to  last^ 
How  often  shall  I  long  for  some  dear  spot, 
Whore,  not  remembering  and  remember'd  not, 
With  no  false  verse  to  deck  my  lying  bust 
With  no  fond  tear  to  vex  my  smouldering  dust, 
This  busy  bnin  may  find  ite  grasey  ahrine. 
And  sleep,  untroalded,  in  a  dmde  like  thine  ! 


WENTWORTH»S  POEM. 

AUSTRALASIA. 

Land  of  my  birth  !  tho*  now  alas !  no  more 

Musing  I  wander  on  thy  sea-girt  shore. 

Or  climb  with  eager  haste  thy  barrier  cliff. 

To  catch  a  glimmer  of  the  distant  skiff, 

That  ever  and  anon  breaks  into  Ught, 

And  then  again  eludes  the  aching  sight, 

Till,  nearer  seen,  she  bends  her  foaming  way 

Majestic  onward  to  yon  placid  bay, 

Where  Sydney's  infknt  turrete  proudly  rise. 

The  new-bom  glory  of  the  southern  skiea : 

Dear  Aiistralasia,  can  I  e'er  foiget 

Thee,  Mother  Earth  T    Ah  no,  my  heart  e'en  yet 

With  filial  ffmdneas  loves  to  call  to  view 

Scenes  which,  thouirh  oft  remembered,  BtUl  are  new 

Scenes  where  my  plsyful  childhood's  thoughtless  years. 

Flew  swift  awiQT,  despite  of  childhood's  tean ; 

Where  li^er,  too,  in  manhood'ii  op'ning  blo(mi. 

The  tangled  brake,  th'  eternal  forest's  gloom. 

The  wonted  brook,  where  with  some  truant  mate 

I  loved  to  plunge,  or  ply  the  treach'rons  bait ; 

The  spacious  harbour  with  its  hundred  coves, 

And  fairy  islets— seato  of  savage  loves. 

Again  beheld— restampt  with  deeper  dye 

The  fading  image  of  my  infancy : 

And  shall  I  now,  by  Cam's  old  ckssic  stream. 

Forbear  to  sing,  and  thou  propos'd  the  theme  T 

Thy  native  biuti,  though  on  a  foreign  sfrand. 

Shall  I  be  mute,  and  see  a  stranger's  hand 

Attune  the  lyre,  and,  prsseient  of  thy  fame. 

Foretell  the  glories  that  shall  grace  thy  name  ? 

Forbid  it,  all  ye  Nine !  'twere  shame  to  thee. 

My  Austral  parent :  greater  ahame  to  me. 

Proud  Qoeen  of  Isles  !   Thou  sittest  vast,  alone, 
A  host  of  vasaals  bending  round  thy  throne : 
Like  some  fair  swan  that  akims  the  silver  tide. 
Her  silken  cygneta  strew'd  on  every  side, 
So  floatest  thou,  thy  Polynesian  brood 
Dispere'd  around  thee  on  thy  Ocean  flood. 
While  ev'ry  surge  that  doth  thy  bosom  lave. 
Salutes  thee  '*  &npreM  of  the  Sonthern  Wave." 


224 


PHIZE  FOEM& 


Say,  Hum,  when  lint  of  Enrope'B  raring  tnin 
Bunt  on  De  Quim'  sight  this  island  main. 
What  golden  visions  lose  to  tency's  view. 
The  towns  he  plundered,  and  the  hosts  he  slew  ; 
How  on  all  sides  the  argent  tripods  shone. 
And  temples  richer  than  Peruvia's  sun ; 
Till  av*rioe  glowed,  while  hvuy  thoughts  unfurl'd 
The  imag'd  treasures  of  the  new-found  worid ; 
Twas  then  Mumphant  Hope  thy  power  oonfessTd, 
Hush'd  the  rude  tongue,   and  calmed  the  mourning 

breast; 
Then  still'd  sedition's  buss,  each  contrite  soul 
With  awe  and  gladness  hail'd  a  chiefs  control. 
And  ev'ry  peril,  ev'ry  hardship  past, 
Seem'd  to  have  found  full  recompense  at  kst. 
Sayl  too,  what  terror  flx'd  the  natives'  eye. 
When  first  they  saw,  emeiiging  from  the  dcy. 
That  stranger  bark  in  sullen  sllenoe  sweep, 
A  wrathful  spirit  o'er  the  troubled  de^, 
Tnading  wi^  giant  stride  ^e  subject  wave, 
lie  wind  his  herald,  and  the  tide  his  slave; 
While  onward  stalking  in  terrific  state 
He  loom'd  portenful  of  impending  fate, 
Yet  vain  the  dream  of  those,  the  dread  of  these;— 
For  lo  !  at  length  arriv'd  with  fav'ring  breeie, 
De  Quiros*  self  directs  the  straining  oar, 
And  leaps  the  foremost  on  the  untrod  shore- 
Follows  his  band ;  but  dark  on  ev'ry  side 
Bepulsive  forests  frown  with  paths  untried ; 
While  from  the  hidden  foe  the  fkequent  spear 
Sweeps  through  their  ranks,  and  wakes  unwonted  fear ; 
Till  struck  with  awe  they  cease  the  hopeless  chase. 
And  to  the  ship  their  sullen  course  leteaoe. 
Te  primal  tribes,  lords  of  this  old  domain. 
Swift-footed  hunten  of  tlie  pathless  plain. 
Unshackled  wanderers,  enthusiasts  free, 
Pure  native  sons  of  savage  liberty. 
Who  hold  all  things  in  common— «arth,  sea,  air,— 
Or  only  occupy  the  nightly  lair 
Whereon  each  sleeps ;  who  own  no  chieftain's  pow'r 
Save  his,  that's  mightiest  at  the  passing  hour ; 
Say— whence  your  ancient  lineage,  what  your  name. 
And  firom  what  shores  your  rough  forefathers  came? 
Untutor'd  children,  fresh  from  Nature's  mould. 
No  songs  have  ye  to  trace  the  times  of  old  ; — 
No  hidden  themes  like  these  employ  your  care. 
For  you  enough  the  knowledge  that  ye  are : — 
Let  Learning's  sons  who  would  this  secret  scan. 
Unlock  its  mystic  casket  if  th^  can, — 
To  your  unletter'd  tastes  are  sweeter  far, 
The  dance  of  battle,  and  the  song  of  war. 
'Mid  hostile  ranks  the  deadly  spear  to  throw. 
Or  see  the  foeman  stagg'ring  'neath  your  blow  i-~ 
To  you,  ye  sable  hunters,  sweeter,  too. 
To  spy  the  track  of  bounding  kangaroo. 
Or  long-neck'd  emu : — quick  with  eager  gaae 
His  path  you  follow  thro*  the  tangled  mate. 
O'er  boundless  wilds  your  panting  game  pursue, 
And  come,  like  trusty  hounds,  at  last  in  view ; 
Then  creeping  round  her,  soon  the  forest's  pride 
Is  hemmed  with  bristly  spean  Uiat  pierce  her  side ; 
And  now,  the  laboun  of  the  chase  being  o'er. 
And  Nature's  keen  suggestions  heard  no  more, 
In  uncouth  numbers,  seated  in  a  ring. 
Your  ancient  iathen'  warlike  feats  ye  sing. 
Or  striking  each  his  shield,  with  clattering  lance. 
The  early  night  exhaust  in  Pyrrhic  dance. 


Such,  mountain  sons  of  freedom,  year  ddii^; 
Sudb  your  rude  sport  by  day,  your  mirth  by  niglit. 
Nor  would  you  these  few  savage  Joys  fbngo. 
For  all  the  oomf orts  all  the  arts  bestow. 
What,  if  at  times  the  banen  chase  deny 
Hie  scanty  fare  your  niggard  wilds  snpply  ! 
What,  if  to-day  ye  miss  your  sylvan  feast? 
To-morrow's  meal  shall  then  derive  a  aest^ 
Unknown  to  those  who  live  in  slothful  ease, — 
Child  of  the  heath,  the  mountain,  and  the  hreeaa. 
What,  if  the  wint'ry  blast  and  pelting  rain 
Howl  through  the  woods  and  inundate  the  plain? 
To  some  near  cave  ye  fly,  whidi.  Jutting  o'er, 
Wards  from  your  naked  limbs  the  drenching  show'r : 
While  idndled  fagots  soon  with  cnckUng  sound 
DiqMl  the  gloom  and  scatter  wannth  around. 
And  nestling  dose  each  to  his  sable  love. 
Ye  sle^,  regardless  of  the  storm  above. 
Had'st  thou,  old  cynic,  seen  this  unclad  crew. 
Stretch  their  bare  bodies  in  the  nightly  dew. 
Like  hairy  Satyrs,  "midst  their  sylvan  seats. 
Endure  both  winter's  fhwts,  and  summer's  beats ; 
Tliy  cloak  and  tub  away  thou  would'st  have  cast. 
And  tried,  like  them,  to  bnve  the  pierdng  blast. 

Illustrious  CkMk !    Oolumbus  of  our  shore. 
To  whom  was  left  this  imknown  world  t'  explore  ! 
Its  untrac'd  bounds  on  faithful  diart  to  mark. 
And  leave  a  light  where  all  bef  on  was  dark : — 
And  thou,  the  foremost  in  fair  learning's  ranics, 
Patron  of  every  art,  departed  Banks ! 
Who,  wealth  disdaining  and  inglorious  ease. 
The  rocks  and  quicksands  dar'd  of  unknown  seas ; 
Immortal  pair !  when  in  yon  spacious  bay 
Ye  moor'd  awhile  Its  wonden  to  survey. 
How  little  thought  ye,  that  the  name  tram  you 
Its  graceful  shrubs  and  beauteous  wild  flowers  drew 
Would  serve,  in  after  times,  wiUi  lasting  brand 
To  stamp  the  soil  and  designate  the  land. 
And  to  ungmial  climes  reluctant  scare 
Full  many  a  hive  that  else  had  settled  there. 

Ah  why,  Britannia's  pride,  Britannia's  boast, 
Searcher  of  ev'ry  sea  and  ev'ry  coast. 
Lamented  Cook !  thou  bravest,  gentlest  heart 
Why  didst  thou  fall  beneath  a  savage  dart  ? 
Why  were  thy  mangled  reliques  doomed  to  grace 
The  midnight  orgies  of  a  barb'rous  race  ? 
Why  could'st  thou  not,  thy  weaiy  wand'rings  past 
At  home  in  honour'd  ease  recline  at  last. 
And  like  the  happier  partner  of  thy  way. 
In  cloudless  glory  close  life's  setting  day  ? 

And  thou,  fam'd  Gallic  captain.  La  Peronse  t 
When  tnm  this  Bay  thou  led'st  thy  fated  crews. 
Did  thy  twin  vessels  sink  beneath  the  shock 
Of  furious  hurricane,  or  hidden  rock  ? 
Fell  ye,  o'erpowered  on  some  barbarian  strand, 
As  fell  before  De  Langle's  butcher'd  band? 
Linger'd  the  remnants  of  thy  shipwreck'd  host 
On  some  parch'd  coral  isle,  some  torrid  coast,— 
Where  no  green  tree,  no  cooling  brook  is  seen. 
Nought  living  is,  or  e'er  bef on  has  been. 
Save  some  lone  mew,  blown  from  the  rocky  nest, 
Had  lit,  perchance,  her  homeward  wing  to  rest  ;— 
Till  gnaw'd  by  want,  with  Joy  a  comrade  dead 
They  saw,  and  rav'nous  on  his  body  fed, 
Adfi  soon,  his  bones  |dck'd  bare,  with  famished  eye 
Each  glared  around,  then  drew  who  first  should  die; 


PBIZE  POEMS. 


225 


Tfll  of  ffay  gtmMjlmadih^  mort  imblwt 

SorviT^,— cad  aeptildire  of  all  the  real ; 

And  now  his  last  maal  gorged,  with  trmaj  llr'd. 

And  raging  tiiint,  the  laat  lorn  wretch  ezpfr'd ! 

Whatfl'ar  thy  tete,  thou  saw'ft  the  floating  arica 

Tbat  peopled  thia  new  world,  the  teeming  barka 

Thifc  udent  Phillip  led  to  this  £ar  ahore, 

And  feeing  them,  aiaa !  wert  aeen  no  mora. 

Ah !  eoold'st  fhou  now  behold  what  man  haa  done, 

Ibo'  aer'n  revolving  luatrea  aoarce  have  nm. 

How  would'st  thoa  Joy  to  aee  the  savage  earth 

Ihe  smiling  parent  of  so  fair  a  birth ! 

Lo !  thickly  planted  o'er  the  glassy  bay. 

Where  Sydney  loves  her  beauties  to  survey, 

And  ev^  mom,  delight'd  sees  the  gleam 

Of  some  hwah  pennant  dancing  In  her  stream, 

A  masty  forest,  stranger  vessels  moor, 

Chaig'd  with  the  fruits  of  every  foreign  shore ; 

Whfle,  landwaxd,— the  throng'd  quay,  the  creaking  crane, 

The  noisy  workman,  and  the  loaded  wain. 

The  lengthen'd  street,  wide  square,  and  column'd  front. 

Of  itatdy  mansions,  and  the  gushing  font, 

The  solemn  church,  the  busy  market  throng. 

And  Idle  krangers  saunt*iing  slow  among, — 

The  lofty  windmills  that  with  outspread  sail 

Thick  line  the  hills,  and  court  the  rising  gale, 

Shew  that  the  mournful  genius  of  the  plain, 

Driv'n  from  his  primal  aolitary  reign. 

Has  backward  fled,  and  fixed  his  drowsy  throne 

In  nntrod  wilds,  to  muse  and  brood  alone. 

And  thou,  fkir  Port !  whose  triad  sister  coves 

Peninsulate  theee  walls ;  whose  ancient  groves 

H!{(fa  tow'ring  southward,  rear  their  giant  form 

And  break  the  fury  of  the  polar  storm  ; 

Fairest  of  Ocean's  daughters  !  who  dost  bend 

Thy  mournful  steps  to  seek  thy  absent  friend. 

Whence  she,— coy  wild-rose,  on  her  virgin  couch 

Fled  loath  from  Parramatta's  am'rous  touch  ! 

Skirting  thy  wat'iypath,  lo !  frequent  stand 

The  cheerful  villas  *midst  their  well-cropp'd  hmd ; 

Here  lowing  kine,  there  bounding  coursers  graae. 

Here  waves  the  com,  and  there  the  woody  mase ; 

Here  the  tall  peach  puts  forth  its  pinky  bloom. 

And  there  the  orange  scatters  its  perfume. 

While,  as  the  merry  boatmen  row  along, 

The  woods  are  qulcken'd  with  their  lusty  song— 

Nor  here  alone  hath  labour's  victor  band 

Babdued  the  glebe,  and  fertUis'd  the  land ; 

For  lo !  from  where  at  rocky  Portland's  head. 

Reluctant  Hawkeebury  quits  his  sluggard  bed, 

Kerging  in  Ooean^to  young  Windsor's  tow'rs. 

And  Bichmond's  high  green  hills,  and  native  bowers, — 

Thence  far  along  Nepean's  pebbled  way, 

To  thoee  rich  pastures  where  the  wild  herds  stray,— 

The  crowded  farm-house  linea  the  winding  stream 

On  either  side,  and  many  a  plodding  team 

With  shining  ploughshare  turns  the  neighb'ring  soO, 

Which  crowns  with  double  crop  the  lab'rer's  tolL 

HaO,  mighty  ridge !  that  from  thy  asnre  brow 
Survejr'st  these  fertile  plains,  that  stretch  below. 
And  look'st  with  careless,  unobservant  eye. 
As  round  thy  waste  the  forked  lightnings  ply. 
And  the  loud  thunders  spring  with  hoarse  rebound 
From  peak  to  peak,  and  fill  the  welkin  round 
With  deaf  ning  voice,  UU  with  their  boist*rous  play 
Fatigued,  in  mntt'ring  peals  they  stalk  away  ;— 
Parent  of  this  deep  stream,  this  awful  flood. 
That  at  thy  feet  Its  tributary  mud, 

P 


like  the  fun'd  Indian,  or  Egyptl*n  tide. 
Doth  psj,  but  direful  scatters  woe  beside ;~ 
Vast  Austral  Olant  of  theae  rugged  steepe. 
Within  whose  secret  cells  rich  glitt'rlng  heaps 
Thick  piled  are  doom'd  to  aleep,  tlU  some  one  spy 
The  hidden  k^  that  opes  thy  treasury ; 
How  mute,  how  desolate  thy  stunted  woods. 
How  dread  thy  chasms,  where  many  an  eagle  broods, 
How  dark  thy  cavss,  how  lone  thy  torrents'  roar. 
As  down  thy  cliffs  precipitous  they  pour. 
Broke  on  our  hearts,  when  first  with  venturous  tread, 
We  dar'd  to  rouse  thee  from  thy  mountain  bed  ! 
Till,  gain'd  with  toilsome  step  thy  rocky  heath. 
We  spied  the  cheering  smokes  ascend  beneath. 
And,  as  a  meteor  shoots  athwart  the  night. 
The  boundless  champaign  burst  upon  our  sight, 
TiU,  nearer  seen,  the  beauteous  landscape  grew, 
Opeidng  like  Cbuoaan  on  rapt  Israel's  view. 

Ye  timaqull  soenea  I  too  long  to  man  unknown. 
Tour  hUls  remained  uncropp'd,  your  dales  unaown  ; 
Yet  lo  !  at  bet  upon  yon  distant  stream, 
Increasing  Bathurst's  straggling  honours  beam. 
While  thick  o'erspreading  the  fresh-cultor'd  glado 
The  rlpen'd  harvest  bends  its  heavy  blade, 
And  flocks  and  herds,  in  thousands  strewed  aroimd, 
Awake  the  woodlands  with  their  Joyous  sound. 
Soon,  Australasia,  may  thy  inmost  plains, 
A  new  Arcadia,  teem  with  simple  swains ; 
Soon  a  lo^coris'  scorn  again  inq>ire 
A  Gallus*  song  to  moan  his  hopeless  fire. 
And,  while  he  murmurs  forth  his  plaintive  tale. 
The  liat'ning  breezes  waft  it  down  the  dale. 

What,  though  no  am'rous  shepherd  midst  thy  delll 
E'er  charm'd  responsive  Echo  from  her  cells  ; 
What,  though  no  liquid  flute,  nor  shriller  reed 
E'er  shot  their  wild  notes  o'er  thy  silent  mead ; 
Thy  blue-eyed  daughters,  with  the  £axen  hair 
And  taper  ankle,  do  they  bkxnn  less  fair 
Than  those  of  Europe    do  thy  primal  grovea 
Ne'er  warble  forth  their  feather'd  inmates'  love 
Or,  say,  doth  Geres',  or  Pomona's  reign 
With  scantier  gifts  repay  thy  lab'ring  tiahi  T 
Ah  !  no,  'tis  sUvery's  badge,  the  felon's  shame 
That  stills  thy  voioe,  and  clouds  thy  op'ning  fUne; 
Tie  this  that  makes  thy  sorrowing  Judah  weep. 
Restrains  her  song,  and  hangs  her  harp  to  sleep. 

Land  of  my  hope  !  soon  may  this  early  blot, 
Amid  thy  growing  honours  be  forgot: 
Boon  may  a  frseman's  soul,  a  frseman's  blade. 
Nerve  ev*ry  arm,  and  gleam  thro'  ev'ry  glade- 
No  more  the  outcast  convict's  clanking  chains 
Deform  thy  wilds,  and  stigmatlae  thy  plains  :— 
And  tho*  the  fathers— theso-of  thy  new  race. 
From  whom  each  glorious  feat,  each  deathless  grace. 
Must  yet  proceed,— by  whom  each  radiant  gem 
Be  won— to  deck  thy  futurediadem  :— 
Did  not  of  old  th'  Imperial  Eagle  rise, 
Unfuii  his  pinions,  and  astound  the  skies  T 
Hatch'd  in  an  eyrie  fouler  flar  than  thine, 
Didhe  not  dart  from  Tiber  to  the  Rhine  Y 
From  Dada's  Forests  to  hdr  Oalpe's  height, 
Fear'd  not  each  cowting  brood  his  drdlng  flight  T 
From  Libya's  sands  to  quiver'd  Parthia's  shore 
Mark'd  not  the  scatter'd  fowl  his  victor  soar? 
fVom  swift  Euphrates  to  bleak  Thule's  rock. 
Did  not  opposing  myriads  feel  the  shock 
Of  his  dread  talons,  and  glad  tribute  pey. 
To  'scape  the  havoc  of  his  murd'rous  way  ? 


226 


PRIZE  POEBfiL 


Tet  ne'er  my  coonftiy,  roll  thy  ba&tl»>oer 
With  deadly  ajde  thro'  the  ranks  of  war : 
Of  f oreifrn  role  ne'er  mi^  the  oeaaalese  thirst 
Pollute  thy  sooa,  and  render  thee  accurst 
Amid  the  nations ;  ne'er  may  crouch  before 
Invading  I^ons  sallying  from  thy  shore, 
A  distant  people,  that  shall  not  on  thee 
Have  first  disgorged  his  hostile  chivalry. 
In  other  dimes,  Bellona's  temples  shine, 
Ceres',  Pomona's,  Bacchus',  Fan's,  he  thine. 
And  chaste  Minerva's :  from  thy  peaceful  plains 
May  glory's  star  ne'er  charm  thy  restless  swaisA ; 
Ne'er  may  the  hope  of  plunder  lure  to  roam 
One  Australasian  from  his  happy  homo ; 
But  rustic  arts  their  tranquil  hours  employe- 
Arts  crown'd  with  plenty,  and  replete  with  Joy  : 
Be  theirs  the  task  to  lay  with  lusty  hlow 
The  ancient  giants  of  the  forest  low, 
With  frequent  fires  the  cumber'd  plain  to  clear, 
To  tame  the  steed,  and  yolk  the  stubbom  steer. 
With  oantioQs  plough  to  rip  the  viigin  eacth. 
And  watch  her  first-born  harvest  from  it*  birth. 
Till,  tinged  with  summer  suns  the  golden  glade 
Delight  the  hind  and  claim  the  re^ier't  blade  ;— 
Theirs  too  the  task,  with  sklllQl  hand  to  rear 
The  varied  fruits  that  gild  the  ripen'd  year  ; 
Whethtt  the  meMng  peach,  or  Juicy  pear. 
Or  golden  orange,  most  engage  their  care : — 

Theirs  too  round  stakes  or  trelllsed  bow'rs  to  twine 
The  pliant  tendrils  of  the  shooting  vine ; 
And,  when  beneath  their  blushing  burdens  grow 
The  yielding  stems,— the  generous  Juice  to  stow 
In  copious  jar,  which  drain'd  on  frative  day 
May  warm  eadi  heart,  and  chase  its  glooms  vmj :— > 
Thein  too  on  flow'ry  mead  or  thymy  steep 
To  tend  with  watchful  dog  the  timid  sheep ; 
And,  as  their  fleeqy  charge  are  lying  round. 
To  wake  the  woodlands  with  their  pipe's  soft  sound, 
While  the  charm'd  Fauns  and  Dryads  skulking  near. 
Leave  their  lone  haunts,  and  list  with  raptur'd  ear. 

Such  be  the  kbonrs  of  thy  peaceful  swains, 
Thus  may  they  till,  and  thus  enrich  thy  plains ; 
Thus  the  full  flow  of  populatioa's  tide 
Its  swelling  waters  pour  on  evevy  side  :— 
As,  on  the  topmost  boughs  of  some  old  wood, 
When  outcast  rooks  first  hatch  their  hifant  brood. 
The  tufted  nests,  as  buds  each  vernal  year, 
In  growing  groups,  and  thicker  rankai^ppear. 
Till  soon  the  spadous  grove,  with  clam'rous  strife, 
Resounds  throughout,  and  teems  with  caUow  life;'— 
So,  Australasiai,  may  thy  exil'd  band 
Spread  Uieir  young  myriads  o'er  thy  l<Miely  land. 
Till  village  spires,  and  crowded  dties  rise 
In  thick  succession  to  the  trav'llers'  eyes. 
And  Uie  grim  wolf,  chas'd  from  his  secret  hold, 
No  more  with  hungry  howl  alarm  the  fold. 
Nor  be  the  rustic  arts  alone  thy  pride  :— 
The  ambient  ocean  half  thy  care  divide ; 
Whether  thy  roving  sons  on  Tropic  seas 
Spread  ev'ry  sail  to  woo  the  sportive  breeze  ;— 
Ohr  with  bare  poles  and  dauntless  bosoms  brave 
The  icy  horrors  of  the  Antarctic  wave ; 
Till  fruitful  commerce  in  thy  lap  shall  pour 
The  gifts  of  ev'iy  sea  and  ev'ry  shore. 

And  thou,  fair  Sdence  !  pure  ethereal  light. 
Beam  on  her  hills,  and  chase  her  mental  night ; 
Direct  her  sons  to  seek  the  perfect  day. 
Where  Bacon  traced,  and  Newton  led  the  way ; 


Till  bright  FhikMophy^  fan  ort 
To  gild  her  noon,  and  cheer  hei 
But  'mid  the  future  treasure  of  their  lore, 
Still  foremost  rank  the  Greek  and  Latin  an  ; 
Still  in  the  damie  search  the  mklnJght  oU 
Be  spent,  nor  deem'd  that  pleasing  hUxmr  tofl. 
Till  to  their  sight  reveal*d  all  i^orioos  ahlne 
The  hidden  lidMs  of  this  aneient  aslne ! 
Whether  tbey  f<dlow«ith  adbniring  view 
The  fam'd  retreat  of  Xsnophoo's  bold  few ; 
Or  in  Calypso's  Ue,  or  Id»'s  groTe, 
And  by  Scamander's  boiling  eddies  xw»  ; 
Or  see  the  pilferer  of  the  empyrean  fire 
Chain'd  to  lus  roek,  endure  the  Thonderer^vire ; 
Or  hear  the  caivems  of  the  Tiwnnian  shore 
Ring  with  the  raving  heroes  angniah'd  roar  ; 
Or  on  Trozene's  sands  see  Phndra's  hatn 
Drawn  on  H^fwlytus  &  guUtlsm  ftito  t 
Or  with  the  gkry  of  th*  Augustan  reign, 
Enraptur'd  drink  the  sweets  of  Maro^  strain  I 
Or  borne  along  by  Tolly's  whebning  flood 
Fed  all  his  anger  kindling  in  their  blood. 
When  to  wide  inHsmy  anddeathloH  shams. 
He  dooms  the  phind'rer's,  or  the  traitor'anamft 

CelestUl  poesy  !  whose  genial  sway 
Earth's  furthest  habitable  shores  obey  ; 
Whose  inspirations  shed  their  sacred  light, 
Far  as  the  r^ons  of  the  Arctic  night, 
And  to  the  Laplander  his  Boreal  gleam 
Endear  not  less  than  Phcebus'  brighter  beam- 
Descend  thou  also  on  my  ni^ive  land. 
And  on  some  mountain  summit  take  thy  stand ; 
Thence  issuing  soon  a  purer  font  be  seen 
Than  charmed  Castalia  or  fam'd  Hippocrane ; 
And  there  a  richer,  nobler  fame  arise. 
Than  on  Parnassus  met  the  ad<ains:  eyesi 
And  tho',  bright  Goddess,  on  the  far  blue  hills. 
That  pour  their  thousand  swift  pellu^  rills. 
Where  Warragamba's  rage  has  rent  in  twain 
Opposing  mountains,  thundering  to  the  plsin. 
No  child  of  song  has  yet  invoked  thy  aid, 
'Neath  their  primeval  solitary  shade,— 
Still  gradoud'Pow'r,  some  kindling  soul  in^ire 
To  wake  to  life  my  country's  unknown  lyre. 
That  from  creation's  date  has  dumb'ring  lain. 
Or  only  breathed  some  savage  uncouth  strain,— 
And  grant  that  yet  an  Austral  Milton's  soog 
Pactolus-llke  flow  deep  and  rich  along, — 
An  Axistral  Shakespeare  rise,  whose  living  page 
To  Nature  true  may  charm  in  ev'ry  age  ;— 
And  that  an  Austral  Pindar  daring  soar. 
Where  not  the  Tbeban  Eagle  reach'd  before. 


And.  oh  Britannia  !  shouM'st  thou  cease  to  ride 
Despotic  Empress  of  old  Ocean's  tide  ;— 
Should  thy  tam'd  Lion— spent  his  fanner  might- 
No  longer  roar,  the  terror  of  the  fij^t : — 
Should  e'er  arrive  that  dark,  disastrous  hour, 
When  bow'd  by  luxury,  thou  yidd'st  to  power ; 
When  thou,  no  longer  freest  of  the  free, 
To  some  proud  victor  beod'st  the  vanquished  Imee : 
May  all  thy  glories  in  another  sphere 
Rdume,  and  shine  more  brightly  still  than  here : 
May  this— thy  last-bom  infimt— then  arise. 
To  glad  thy  heart,  and  greet  thy  parent  eyes ; 
And  Australasia  float,  with  flag  unfurl'd, 
A  new  Britannia  in  another  world  I 


PROTECTION— RACING. 


2W 


PROTECTION. 

The  owners  and  proprietora  of  land  memor- 
ialised the  Governor  and  LegMaftire  Coiradl  for 
the  prohibition  of  the  use  of  sngar  in  brewing 
sod  to  make  uae  of  grain  aa  a  substitute.  They 
did  not  wish  to  see  ardent  spirita  ohM^ieir,  but 
that  by  those  means  they  wouM  be  enabled  to 
tiaasfer  the  wealth  to  thiS  colony  instead  of  its 
bein£  drained  by  f oreigneim.  They  also  memor- 
ahsed  for  an  import  du^  on  corn,  a»  their  maarlMts 
were  destroyed  by  importations  from  comitries 
that  contributed  Bothing  towvda  the  revenue  of 
the  ooionies.  The  result  of  these  msmonais  was 
that  the  question  of  protective  duties  opened  a 
diaciission  of  more  or  less  wannth  for  a  oonsider- 
able  time,  but  without  any  definite  resslts,  1831. 

A  petition  for  the  j>rotection  and  manufacture 
of  colonial  tobacco,  in  the  shi^e  of  an  import 
duty,  presented  to  tha  Council,  July  11,  1839. 

Sir  James  M'Cnlloch  introduced  psotective 
poKcy  into  Victoria,  1865. 

PBOUT,  J.  S.,  artist,  died  in  London,  1876. 

PUBLIC  DEBT  OF  AUSTRALASIA. 


Colooy. 

Ertfmatod 
Population 
on  Dec.  SI, 

1877. 

PubttcDebt 

on  Dec  81, 

1877. 

Bate  at  In- 
debtednen 
per  head  of 
population, 
Dec.  81, 

isn. 

XevSoath  Wales 

New  Zealand  

Queemland 

682,212' 

417,622 

208,084 

287,090 

107,104 

860,787 

27,888 

£ 

•11,724,419 

20,601,111 

7,686,350 

4,737,200 

1,689,406 

17,018,913 

161,000 

£    B.    d. 
17  14    1 
40  10  10} 
87  16  10 

South  ATUtxalia 

19  19    7i 
14  16  10 

Victoria    

19  16    6 

WeitemAustnUa.... 

5  15    8 

Ttotol 

2,616.787 

08,607,608 

25    6    8 

I 

QUAKERS.    [See  Sogibty  of  Friends.] 
QUALIFICATIONS   OF   MEMBERS.       [See 

COWSTITUTION.  ] 

QUARTER  SESSIONS.   [i^eeCouBTSuFBXMS.] 
QUEENSOLIFF.    [See  Mslbourns.] 

QUEENSLAND. 

Lieutenant  Miller  formed  first  settlement  at 
Moreton  Bay,  August,  1824. 

Queensland  separated  from  New  South  Wales, 
December  10,  1859. 

Toowoomba  proclaimed  a  municipality.  No- 
vembcr24,  1860. 

Dalby  proclaimed  a  municipality^  Sept.,  1863. 

The  foundation  stone  of  the  Town  Hall, 
Brisbane,  laid  January,  1864. 

The  sod  of  the  first  railway  turned  at 
Ipswich,  February,  1864. 

The  Bridge,  and  Brisbane  Waterworks  almost 
simultaneously  inaugurated,   August,  1864. 


Wool,  the  prmcxpal  export  of  Queensland, 
amounted  to  33,901  bales,  valued  at  £1,019,159  : 
whaat  Buine,  coffee,  tobaoeo,  silks,  preserved 
meat,  ta£kyw,  cottevi,  Bngong  oil,  ana  copper, 
also  appear  in  the  lists  of  ez^xts.    1866. 

12,00(Mb.   of  arrowvMt  aapoiied  in  186Sw 

First  Circuit  Qmrt  opeoed  at  Townsville, 
January  12,  1875. 

£^x8t  sod  of  Toowoomba  waterworiKS  tuned, 
September  4,  1876L 

The  Western  Railway  land  sale  realised 
£26,771»  exclusive  of  deed  and  survey  fees  at 
Brishane^  Novembcs:  2»,  1877. 

[See  Aborigikals,  Aquatics,  Australia, 
{Land  JBxploren,  Namgatortt)^  BAPnara,  Banks, 

BuSHBANaSRS,     ChUBCH     of     EifOLAlfD,    CON- 

aKBGAnoiTAL,  CouRTS,  Crickxt,  Fires,  More- 
TDK  Bay,  &c.] 

QUEEN'S  WHARF.    [STee  Wharfs.] 


RACING. 

Horse  races  aA  Punimlta  (the  first  reoofded  in  Aus- 
tralia). Hie  first  race  was  between  a  horse  called 
Pturamatta  and  another  called  Belftwt.  It  was  won 
by  the  f<Miner  The  prooeedingB  of  the  day  were  en 
livened  bv  cock-fightingr*  wheelbarrow  racing,  and 
Jumping  ui  sacks  A  publican  gave  enough  ealioo 
to  make  a  chemise  for  a  prixe  "  to  be  run  for  by  three 
veetale  of  the  current  order,"  and  the  race  caused 
much  amusement.    April  30, 1810. 

The  first  horse  races  held  in  Sydnev,  and  established 
principally  by  the  offloersof  theTSrd  Regiment,  a  piece 
of  ground  being  cleared  for  ttiat  purpoM,  to  which  the 
name  of  "  race  course  "  was  applied,  now  called  Hyde 
Park.  The  Subscribers'  Plate  was,  on  the  first  day's 
racing,  won  by  a  horse  named  Chase.  The  sports  were 
continued  for  three  days,  and  were  followed  by  a  ball. 
October  14, 18ia 

Second  Sydney  races  held  at  Hyde  Park.  The  Sub- 
scription Plate  of  50  guineas  won  by  Mr.  Bent's  ch.  g. 
Matchem ;  the  Two-year-old  Sweep  by  Captain  Ritchie's 
Cheviot.  On  second  dav  the  Ladies'  Cup  of  50  guineas 
was  won  by  Colonel  O'OonneU's  Carlo,  and  Uie  trophy 
was  presented  to  the  winner  by  Mrs.  Macquarie,  the 
wifto  of  the  Governor.  On  the  third  &a,j  the  Magis- 
trates' Plate  <A  50  guineas  was  won  by  Mr.  Williams's 
Strawberry.    August  12, 14,  and  16, 1811. 

The  third  Sydney  laoee  were  held  at  Hyde  Park. 
Cfdonel  O'Connell's  bL  h.  Carlo  won  Subscription 
Plate ;  Mr.  Lunden's  roan  h.  Strawberry  the  Ladies* 
Cup ;  and  Mr.  Birch's  gr.  c.  Cheviot  the  Subscription 
Purse  of  60  guineas.     August  17, 19,  21,  and  22, 1812. 

The  fourth  Sydney  annual  races  took  place  at  Hyd^ 
Park.  On  first  day,  Colonel  O'Connell's  3-year-old  bsy 
colt  Little  Pickles  won  the  SO^uinea  Plate ;  and  on 
the  second  and  third  day  Colonel  O'Connell  was  again 
successful,  winning,  with  Carlo,  the  Ladies' Cup  and  the 
50-guinea  Subscription  Plate.   Aug.  16, 18,  and  19, 1813. 

The  fifth  Sydney  annual  races  took  place  at  Hyde  Park, 
May  31. 1819. 

The  sixth  Sydney  races  at  Hyde  Puk,  September  11 
and  12. 1820. 

The  seventh  Sydney  annual  races.  Aug.  14, 15,  and  16, 1821. 

Races  on  a  course  four  miles  from  Sydney,  March  17, 1825. 

Meeting  to  organise  a  Turf  Club  at  Sydnev,  March  18, 
1825 ;  a  second  meeting  was  held,  and  Hu  Excellency 
Governor  SirThomas  Brisbane  was  announced  as  Patron 
and  Sir  John  Jamison  as  President.    March  23. 1825. 

First  races  under  the  newly-formed  Sydney  Turf  Club 
took  place.  Mr.  Nash's  horse  Juniu^i,  which  for  long 
afterwards  retained  the  championship  of  the  colony, 
won  his  first  race— Town  Plate  of  £50,  heats,  twice 
round  the  course.     April  25  and  20, 1825. 

The  Sydney  Turf  Club  held  their  second  race  meeting, 
September  23,  24,  and  25, 1825. 


228 


EACING. 


PamoMita  Toil  aab  nam,  October  7  and  8, 1826. 

Sydney  Turf  Club  races  on  tbe  new  ooune,  four  mfles 
from  Sydney,  on  tbe  Pwramattaroad,  between  Graee 
Fum'end  a  farm  belonging  to  Mr.  Jobneton.  2,000 
people  preaent.  Junius  won  the  principal  raoea.  June 
14  and  10, 1828. 

Bjdnvy  Turf  Club  annual  races  took  place.  Junius 
again  won  the  prindpel  erents.    April  26,  27, 1827. 

Baoea  at  Campbelltown ;  principal  priae^  £6a  August 
18,1827. 

Sydney  Tuif  Club  races.  Junius  beaten  for  the  flzst 
time  hy  Mr.  Brown's  bl.  h.  Scratch,  in  a  race  for  the 
third  Brisbane  Cm>,  April  9  and  11. 1828. 

Australian  Jockey  Club  established  m  Qydn^y,  April  22L 
1828. 

A  second  Badng  Chib  established  Qn  opposltlcn  to  the 
'  old  one)  In  Sydn^,  called  the  ^u^rcuum  RaeSmg  and 
Jockey  Chib,  but  better  known  aa  the  Ctoreraor's 
(Darl&g)  aub,  1828. 

Great  race  for  £100  aside,  Sydney  course,  between  the 
horMs  Scratch  and  AustraUan.  Scratdi  won,  July  28* 
1828  ;  the  aame  horses  again  met.  On  each  occasion 
Scratch  won  after  a  close  contest    August  4  and  0, 1828. 

First  race  meeting  of  the  GoTcmor's  Club,  held  at 
Farramatta.  October  1  and  8, 182& 

Sydn^  Annual  Races ;  6,000  persons  present  on  first 
day.  The  fourth  Brisbane  Cup  won  by  Mr.  Lawson's 
8-year-old  colt,  Spring  Gun,  in  two  lieats,  beating  Crow- 
catcher,  Scratcher,  and  Australian.  Spring  Gun  won 
the  Wentworth  Purse,  and  the  Town  Plate  of  £60,  at 
the  same  meeting,  April  8  and  10, 1829. 

Governor's  Club  races.  Bennelong  was  the  winner  of 
the  Challenge  Cup.  April  22  and  24, 1829. 

Hawkesbury  ncee  took  place  July  22  and  24, 1829. 

Match  between  Jamison's  Bennelongand  Lawson's  l^pring 
Gun,  on  the  racecourse,  Farramatta,  £200  to  £160, 
heats.  Bennelong  won  the  flnt  heat  by  a  head  only, 
and  in  the  second.  Spring  Gun  who  was  lame,  was 
distanced.  September  24, 1829. 

Governor's  Club  races,  Farramatta,  September  80,  and 
October  2, 1829. 

Mr.  Potter's  horse  trotted  in  harness,  12  miles,  under  the 
hour,  for  a  bet  of  £80 ;  won  by  16  sees.    Dec.  8, 1829. 

Sydnev  Turf  Club  Annual  races  took  place.  The  fifth 
Brisbane  Cup  was  won  by  Bennelons,  beating  Coun- 
sellor, Chase,  Scratch,  and  Sir  Hercules.  Counsellor 
won  the  ttnt  heat,  Bennelong  who  won  the  second, 
walked  over  for  the  third.  Scratch  and  Spring  Gun  won 
the  other  principal  events  of  the  meeting.  April  20 
and  22, 1830. 

Governor's  Club  races  at  Farramatta.  Governor's  Cup 
won  by  Mr.  Icely's  Counsellor,  and  the  Town  Plate 
and  Turf  aub  Sweepetakes,  by  Mr.  Bayley's  4-year-old 
colt.  Chase.  October  0  and  8, 1880. 

Sydnev  Annual  Turf  Club  races.  The  sixth  Brisbane  Cup 
of  £60,  heats,  twice  round  the  oourve,  was  the  prin- 
cinal  events  of  the  meeting.  Bennelong  beat  Coun- 
sellor and  Bay  Oamerton  the  first  heat,  the  second  heat 
,  Bennelong  won,  and  in  the  third  he  and  Counsellor  ran 
'  a  dead  heat,  and  the  former  was  withdrawn.  May  18 
and  20, 1831. 

Farramatta  Subscription  races.  Prindpal  events,  won 
by  Bayley's  Tomboy,  Hartley's  Shamrock,  and  Sir  J. 
Jamison's  Bennelong.    October  6  and  7, 1831. 

The  Hawkesbury  races,  on  the  KiUamev  course.  Publi- 
cans' Purse,  valued  at  60guineas,  won  by  Bayley's  Tom- 
boy, beating  Counsellor,  Boshev,  and  Brutus.  Ladies' 
Purse,  by  Flying  Pieman ;  and  the  Scarvell  Cup,  by 
Sovereign.  August  24,  20,  and  27, 183L 

The  Governor  sanctioned  a  reserve  on  the  Botany  road 
for  a  new  racecourse,  and  authorised  the  loan  of  twenty 
labourera  to  assist  in  its  formation.   January,  1882. 

Mr.  K  Bail^s  imported  colt.  Whisker,  won  prindpal 
events  at  uawkesoury  races.  August  1  and  8, 1882. 

Turf  Club  races  bdd  at  Farramatta.  Mr.  Icely's  8-year- 
old,  Chancellor,  by  Stedtrap,  won  Governor  Bourke's 
Cnp  ;  heats,  beatmg  Bennelong  and  Shamrock.  The 
Wentworth  Annual  gift  of  £60.  was  won  by  Mr.  Bailey's 
Lady  Amelia.  On  the  second  day,  the  seventh  Brisbiuie 
Cup  was  won  by  Chancdlor ;  and  the  Farramatta  Town 
Plate  of  £40,  by  Mr.  Lawson's  Belinda.  April  11  and 
13. 1832. 

Turf  Club,  Farramatta.  Prindpal  events  won  by  Mr. 
Bailey's  b.f.  Lady  Emily,  and  Sir  J.  Jamison's  Benne- 
long, October  3  and  6, 1832. 

Liverpool  races,  (the  first),  took  place  on  a  ooune  lent 


by  Mr.  Throsby .  Members  Purse,  won  by  Mr.  Roberta 

b.  m.  Sdina ;  Ladies'  Purse,  by  Mr.  Throsby's  White- 
foot    October,  12, 1832. 

Chancellor,  a  fine  racehorse,  owned  by  Mr.  C  Smith 
which  was  bred  by  Mr.  loely,  died,  December  7, 1882. 

At  Qydney  races  Whisker  won  the  prindnJ  event,  the 
Governor's  Cnp,  on  the  first  day,  and  Mr.  C  Smith** 

•  colt  Bmandpaaon  won  the  Town  Plate  on  the  second 
day.    April  17  and  19, 18SS. 

Mr.  Btanpson's  colt,  Pitch,  won  the  MaltJanrt  Purse  of 
£80,  and  Mr.  BaW  Chance  won  the  Goveraor's  Puna 
of  £66,  at  Maitland races,  July  17andl9, 18SS. 

The  Hawkesbury  races,  Bmandpi^on  won  theiwliic^Ml 
race,  August  zl  and  28, 1883. 

IJvarpool  races.  The  winner  ot  the  prindpal  evont  was 
Mr.  a  Smith's  Chester.    Septembcrll  and  18, 1838. 

Farramatta  raoea.  Prindpal  events  won  by  Emancipa- 
tion, Lady  Emily  or  lEtaieUa,  and  Chester.  Octob«r  2 
and4ri»S. 

Bathurst  races.    Prindpal  events  won  by  Mr.  Grant's 

c.  g.  Lord  fiyron,  and  Mr.  Piper's  g.g.  Bari  Grey. 
October  11  and  18, 1883. 

Stedtrap  (mopertiy  of  Mr.  C.  SmithX  cdebrated  old  race- 
horse, died  February,  1884. 

Sydney  Subscription  races  hdd  on  the  new  oooree, 
Botanv  Boad.  The  Sydney  SubscriptioD  Cup,  value 
60  guineas,  heats,  was  won  by  Mr.  Smith'a  Chester ; 
and  the  Ladies'  Purse,  by  Mr.  Bayley's  Whisker,  beat- 
ing Emandhpation.  On  the  second  day.  Whisker  won 
the  Town  Ilate  of  £60,  again  beatinr  Eman^)aticfi, 
and  the  Ladies'  Purse  of  £26,  by  again  beating  Cnester. 
April  80  and  May  2,  1884.  [HHiidcer  died  a  few  day* 
afterwards ;  his  owner  was  offered  £1,400  for  him  three 
days  before.] 

First  race  meeting  of  ^e  Cumberland  Turf  Club  hdd  at 
Oampbdltown,  October  21  and  22. 1834. 

Mr.  Lawson's  Spring  Gun  struck  by  lightning  at  Bathurst 
and  killed,  January,  1836. 

First  Dlawarra  (Wollongonff)  races,  March  17, 183S. 

Sydney  Baoes.  Mr.  C.  Smith's  ch.  h.  Cheater,  6  years, 
by  Oamerton,  won  the  Melbourne  Plate  of  £50,  heats, 
twice  round  the  course,  defeating  Roberta*  Traveller 
and  another;  the  Two- Year-Old  Stakes  by  Captain 
Williams'  Premdent  by  Emigrant ;  the  Ladles*  Purse 
of  £30,  by  Mr.  C.  Smith's  Lady  Oodiva  by  Okl  Emi- 
grant ;  on  the  second  day  Chester  won  the  Town  Plate, 
again  beaUng  Traveller.    April  22  and  24, 1835. 

Maitland  Races.  Horses  luuned  Pitch  and  Toss  won  the 
prindpal  events,  July  8  and  10, 1836. 

Mr.  Sutter's  b.  h.  Slasher,  Ost.  lOlh.  (M'Orath),  bMt  Mr. 
Egan's  b.  g.  Stranger,  Ost  (Sickisjon),  £1,000,  onco 
round  Sydney  Racecourse,  November  26, 1S40. 

Fetrd,  bred  in  N.  8.  Wales,  and  Bess  o'  Bedlam,  by 
Combrough,  oat  of  Black  Bess,  contested  for  the  Gee- 
long  Town  Plate,  2  miles  and  a  distance,  heats,  weight 
for  age.  Bess  carried  Ost  71b.  oa  a  four-year-old.  let 
heat  won  by  Bess  in  4  min.  7  sec.  2nd  heat  won  by 
Petrel  by  a  nose,  in  4  min  0  sec.  3rd  heat  won  by  Petrel 
by  a  head,  in  4  min.  7  sec.  The  next  day  the  two  horses 
met  again  for  the  Publicans'  Purse,  over  the  same 
course,  and  Bess  beat  the  horse  in  two  heats,  carrying 
the  same  weights.  Time— 1st  heat,  4  min.  7  sec  ; 
second  heat,  4  min.  9  sec.  1849. 

At  the  Autumn  Races,  Port  Phillip,  the  New  South 
Wales  champion  horses  Emerald  ami  TUly-bo,  and  the 
TWrnnanian  horses  Coronet  and  Hollyoak,  were  beaten 
by  the  Victorian  horse  Bunyip,  by  Duke  of  Argyle. 
Bunyip  won  the  same  day  the  Town  Plate,  Publican's 
Purse,  and  Ladles'  Purse ;  on  the  second  day  he  won  2 
two-mile  and  a  distance  heats  races,  1849.  [During  this 
season  he  ran  14  prindpal  races,  winning  them  aU.) 

Mr.  C.  Roberts',  lun.,  b.  m.  Dora,  aged»  9st  91b.,  beat 
Mr.  A.  Green's  b.  g.  Van  Tromp,  Ost.  91b.,  2  miles, 
Homebush  Course,  September  1, 1850. 

Great  race  at  Homebush  (N.S.W.),  between  Mr.  Tait's 
b.  h.  Sportsman,  6  years,  and  Mr.  Eales'ti  b.  h.  Coora- 
min,  4  yean,  for  £1,000  a-side.  Sportsman  won  by  a 
length  and  a  half.   June  7, 1854. 

A  match  for  £1,000  against  £500,  2}  miles,  between  Mr. 
Warby's  black  horse  OanUnal  Wiseman,  12st  41b.,  and 
Mr.  A.  Ghimdde's  grey  mare  Alice  Hawthorn,  128t  lib. 
Won  by  three  lengtha  by  Alice  Hawthorn  (ridden  by 
Higgerson).    October  0, 1857. 

Mr.  O.  T.  Rowe's  ch.  g.  Veno,  aged  (HigpersonX  beat 
Mr.  Chimside's  g.m.  Alice  luwthom,  aged  (Mahon)^ 
8  miles,  £2,000,  lOst.  lib.  each,  October  3, 1857. 


RACING. 


229 


Mr.  G.  T.  Bawe's  b.  h.  Ooorainin,  aged  (msgenonX  bwt 
]fr.  Fruer't  b.  g.  Tombojr.  imd  (MltcbellX  iUOO,  1| 
mfla,  lOst  1B>.  aoch ;  won  at  the  pott    Oct  8, 1857. 

Mr.  O.  T.  Bowe'a  ch.  g.  Veno,  aged  (HigsenonX  beat 

Mr.  FnkMT'fl  b.  g.  Van  lYomp,  aged  (MiOkonX  £800,  S 

mike,  lOai.  IJb,  each,  Octobers,  1867. 
Mr.  Rove'e  Veno  aold  to  Mr.  Atkine,  of  N.  &  Walea, 

for  £1,000,  October  5, 1867. 
Mr.  J.  Rowe'a  b.  f.  Laorietina,  4  years,  Set  111b.  (SneUX 

beat  J.  H.  Atkineon'e  c.  g.   Veno,  aged.  On.   21b. 

(Higgereon),  8  miles,  £2,000,  Homebush  oourse ;  time, 

4mE.  7^ sec.    May  8. 1868. 
Mr.  O.  A.  Smgle's  c.  g.  Ben  Bolt,  aged,  Ost  61b.  fHlggersonX 

beat  Mr.  J.  Yorke's  b.  m.  Lauristina,  4  years,  Sst  111b. 

(Snell),  Homebush ;  time.  3  mln.  66  sec.  Aug.  1,  1868. 
Mr.  O.  T.  Howe's  b.  g.  Gratis,  aged  (HiggerBon)  beat  Mr. 

C.  Obee's  b.  h.  ChevaUer,  4  years  (CuttsX  2  miles,  £600, 

weif^t  for  aire ;  time,  4  min.  11  sec ;  Homebush. 

August  18, 1868. 
Mr.  Yuille's  Flying  Buck  by  Warhawk,  8  years,  6Bt.  61b. 

(Teend),  won  Champion  SweepstaJEes,  8  miles;   18 

started ;  time,  6  min.  67  sec   1869. 

Mr.  J.  TUt's  Zoe,  by  Sir  Hercules,  aged.  Ost  81b.,  (Ash- 
worthX  won  Champion  Stakes,  8  miMS ;  11  started ; 
time,  6min.  60  8ec  I860. 

Mr.  Town's  Tarragon,  by  Kew  Warrior,  aged,  Ost  181b. 
^IggersonX  ran  a  dead  heat  with  Mr.  Tali's  Volunteer ; 
time,  6  min.  47  sec  Tamgon  beat  him  in  the  run  off ; 
time,  6min.  48sec;  Sstarten.   1866b 

QnU  Ten-mile  race  at  Wagga  Wagga,  for  sweep,  6  sovs., 
with  900  sovs.  added ;  second  horse  to  raoeiTe  60  sots, 
sad  third  horse  10  sovs.  from  stake ;  won  by  Mr.  H. 
J.  Bowler's  b.  h.  Australian,  6years,  list  71b  OTeomans) ; 
B.  Groerenor's  g.  g.  Comet,  5  yean,  list  Sn>.  (ownerX 
secoiid,  and  W.  J.  Bowen's  br.m.  Riverina,  aged,  list. 
&ft.  (pwnerX  third ;  Camel,  Cotherstone,  Bother'em. 
Emmre,  Groongal,  TroUus,  Glaucus,  Jerry  Sneak,  ana 
Belnam  Won  by  a  length ;  time  23  min.  86  sees. 
November  20, 1868. 


Great  Seven-mile  Baoe  at  Cobaxgo,  between  Mr.   J. 

Jeisop's  Moses  h).  Mr.  W.  M'Intoeh'sTraTeUer  (2),  Mr. 

J.  McGregor's  Robin  (8X  and  Mr.  F.  Clark's  Bismarck. 

Moses  won  easihr.    Traveller  beat  Robin  by  a  neck. 

Time,  22  min.    December  27,' 1870. 
Tbe  Spy  (owner  Mr.  HarveyX  performed  the  fastest  two 

miles  on  record,  up  to  this  tune,  in  3  min.  86^  sec,  at 

Homebush,  April  10, 1871. 
The  celebrated  racehorse  Fishhook  died  at  Woodstock, 

aged  8  years,  June  16, 1871. 
Great  Race  between  Mr.  Bloomfleld's  b.  c  Dagworth,  4 

years,  by  Tattendon— Nutcut,  9st  61b.  (DonnellyX  and 

Mr.  Coagrove's  b.  a  Reprieve,  4  years,  by  Tattendon— 

Gaielle,  Ost  61b.  (YeomansX  for  the  A  J.C.  Plate,  8 

miles ;  they  ran  a  dead  heat;  time,  6  min.  66f'o  sec ; 

deciding  heat  Dagworth  won  by  a  neck  in  6  min.  66^ 

sec.    April  10, 1878. 
Mr.  J.  Tait's  b.  h.  Goldsborough  by  Fireworks— Sylvia, 

won  the  A.  J.C.  Metropolitan,  2  mues,  carrying  Ost  21b. 

fAshworth)  ;  time,  8  min.  82^  sec,  heading  16  others 

(fastest  time  on  reoordX  September  7, 1876.   [Previous 

to  this  the  fkstest  two  miles  was  the  Diver's  (0.  M. 

Llovd'sX  at  Wagga,  in  8  min.  88}  sec] 
Briseis  won  the  All<«ged  Stakes  in  Sydn^  in  1  min. 

481  sec,  which  is  the  ffewtest  time  for  a  mile  In  the 

colonies,  April  21, 1876. 
One  hundred  mile  horse  race  run  at  Howlong,  K.S.W., 

between  the  horses  Viking  and  John  Sullivan.   Won  by 

Viking,  having  run  87}  mQes  in  little  less  than  8 

hours,  when  John  Sullivan  gave  up.    June  27, 1876. 
Mr.  G.  Fyers'  Aldinga  won  the  Launceston  Gold  Cup  ; 

time,  8  min.  80-6  sec    February  7, 187& 
Mr.  C.  M.  Lloyd's  Swiveller  won  Uie  Tasmanlan  Cup  of 

£1,000 ;  time,  8  min.  21  sec.    February  1, 1878. 
Mr.  J.  Wilson's  first  King  won  the  Australian  Cap ; 

time,  4  min.  21  sec.   March  7, 1878. 
Hon.  JaiiMs  White's  Democrat  won  the  Sydney  Cm ;  time, 

8  min.  88  6-10  sec    April  24, 187& 
Mr.  W.  Filgate's  Glenormiston  won  the  Adelaide  Cup ; 

time,  Smin.  4Ssec    April  26, 1878. 


Winners  of  Principal  Ck)LONiAL  Races. 
AtutnUan  and  New  Zeafand  Ckamphn  SvmeptUUtee-^Three  miles). 


Yeei, 

Owner. 

18SD 

Mr.  Yuille 

180O 

•ndt 

1S61 

TWt 

1861 
1862 

Keighran 

TWt 

1863 
1S63 
U64 
1866 
1866 

Redwood   

Harper  

Keigfamn  

BlackweU 

I Ance 

1866 
1867 

Town 

IWt 

1870 
1877 
1878 
1870 

KJeUett  

KReid 

J.  Wilson 

Johnson  Boe 

Winner. 


Sire. 


Flying  Buck  .... 

Zoe   

Zoe    

Mormon 

Talleyrand 

Ladybird 

Barwon    

M<nmon 

Panic    

Ladybird 

Tarragon*  

Tbe  Barb 

Ridbmond  

Pride  of  the  Hills 

FirstKing 

Wellington 


A. 


W. 


mder. 


Warhawk  

Sir  Hercules .... 
Sir  Hercules .... 
The  Premier .... 

Cossack 

nSarbiere 

Boiardo 

The  Premier 

Alarm 

DBarbiere 

New  Warrior 

Sir  Hercules .... 
Maribymong.... 
Talk  o'  the  HiU 
King  of  the  Rfaig 
Panic 


St  lb. 

6    6 

18 

0    2 

11 

0    0 

4 

0    2 

10 

0  12 

11 

0    1 

6 

8  10 

6 

0  10 

4 

0    6 

10 

0  12 

10 

0  13 

8 

7    1 

6 

7    1 

18 

7    8 

7 

7    8 

7 

8 

7    6 

0 

Tbne. 


Teend  ... 
Ashworth 
Ash  worth 
Simpson  . 
Ashworth 
Redwood. 
Waldock  . 
Simpson  . 
Kelly    ... 

Ray  

Higgerson 
Stanley... 
Hales  . . . 
Nolan  ... 
Hales  ... 
Murphy  . 


m.  s. 

6  67 
60 
67 
14 
2 
65 
8 

688 

6  68 
66 
47 
88 
86 
84* 
27 
841 


6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 


6 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 


*  After  a  dead  hmt  with  Mr.  Tail's  YolvatMr.    Tlma  of  daddiag  haat,  S  miD.  4S  ace. 


The  Martbymong  PltUe-~^Fi9e  furhngs). 


Owner. 


1871 

1872 
1878 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 


Winner. 


Mr.  J.  Thompson . 

J.  Wilson  ... 

Dr.  Bathe 

Mr.  J.  Wilson  . . . 
MessrsL  Chimslde 
Sir  H.  Robinson  . 
Mr.  De  Mestrs . . . 

O.  Lee 


Sire 


Argus  Scandal.... 

Dsgmar 

Stockbridge 

Maid  of  Ail  Work 

Newminster 

Habena 

Vulcan 

Nellie 


Ace  of  Clubs 

Maribvmong 

Stockham    

KingAlfred    

The  Marquis 

Tattendon 

Tattendon 

Tim  Whifller  (bnp.) 


a 


4 

12 
21 
22 
10 
21 
28 


Rider. 


Time. 


Wilson,  lun. 
Wilson,  jun. 

Batty    

W.Wilson  . 
Teomans . . . 

Huey    

T.  Brown... 
CoUey  


m. 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

n 


s. 

6 

6 

0 

0 

8 


in 

1  6 


*  Private  watehaa  mad*  it  1  mia.  S  Me. 


230 


BACura. 


The  OnH   (One  mOt  wnd  a  haifX 


•( 


Ownor. 


1861 
1862 
1808 
1864 
1806 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 


WbuMC. 


Mr.  O.  Watson.. 
M'Haffie.... 

lAQg^ 

Dowling 

FUher    

Fiaher    

C.  B.  flBher 
Mofbtt  .,.. 
PeaxBon . . . . 

Tiit 

Bowler   

J.  WUsoo  .. 
J.  Tait  .... 
P.  Lewk.... 
J.  WUwm  .. 
J.  Wilflon  . . 
J.  Wnwm  .. 


Sra. 


Bldar. 


Patflatfna 

Modevlgr    

▲ruma 

IttuminatioB   . . . 

Lady  Heron 

SenffoU 

SylTia    

S^Dream   

Kestrel 

Florenoe  

Foxmon  ....... 

Sunshine 

Bom  d* Amour... 

Gaslight   

Midd  of  aU  WoKk 

Pardon 


IndiaaWanlor 6 

Touchstone I    6 

Boiardo 4 


Warhawk 

Flsbflrman 

Fisherman 


Fisherman  .... 

WaAawk    

BoUrdo   

Snowden 

Haiibyxuong  .. 

Fireworks   

Tslko'theHOl 
KlngAUred  .. 
TimWhiffler  .. 
Tattendon  — 


2 

4 
4 
4 
2 
8 
2 
4 
6 
8 
6 
3 
8 
2 


E.  Bishop. 

Morrison  . 
Redman  . 
Morrison  . 
MoxrisoD . 
Dully  ... 
Waterman 
Stanley... 
Yeomans . 
J.  Wilson,  J 
H.  Lewis.. 
S.  Davis  .. 
W.  Wilson 
T.  Hales  . . 
T.  Hales  .. 


Time. 


in.1. 
2Sf 

1  0 
s  t 

SS5 
264 
2tt 
250 

2  67 
266 
2  62 

1  0 
260 
261 
t  5 

2  51 
2M( 


Tk$  D^tit^  Stake^-(Om  wtlU  amd  •  hai^). 


Owner. 


Winasr. 


Sira. 


Blder. 


Tkaa 


1860 

1861 

3862 

1868 

1864 

1866 

1866 

1867 

1868* 

1869* 

1860 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 


Mr.  G.Watson.. 
DowUng.... 
Harper  .... 

Lang  *. 

Fisher    .... 

Fisher    

Fisher    .... 

Tait 

Talt 

Moffatt  .... 

Fisher    

TWt 

J.Wilson  .. 
W.  Winch . . 
W.  Filgate.. 
J.  TWt  .... 
De  Mestre . . 
J.Wilson  .. 
J.  White  . . 
Johnson  Boe 


Flyinff  CUors 
Camden    .... 

Barwon 

Oriflamme  .. 
Lantern    .... 

Angler , 

Sei^rull 

Fireworks  . , 
Fireworks  . . 
My  Dream    .. 

Charon , 

Florence  ..., 
Miss  Jessie  ., 
hofop  Garou., 
La^dist  ... 
Melbourne  . , 
Robin  Hood., 

Briseis  , 

Chester 

Wellii^ston  . 


Dolo 

Conrad  or  Warhawk 

Boiardo  

Boiardo   

Muscovado 

Fisherman 

Fishennan 

Kelpie 

Kelpie 

Fbmerman 

Fenyman   

Boiardo    

Maribymong 

Lord  of  linne    .... 

Fireworks   

Panic    

Fireworks  

TimWhilBer 

Tattendon  

Panic   


4 
7 
6 
7 
4 
4 
8 
5 
5 
9 
7 
7 
7 
8 
11 
11 
10 
0 
12 
6 


Morrison  .... 
Waldock.... 
Lang.... . ... 

Shnpaon 

Redman  

Morrison  . . . . 

Stanley 

Stanley 

Duffy    

Morrison 

Stanley 

J.  Wilson.... 
T.  Brown.... 
H.  Grubb.... 
J.  Ariiworth 

Donnelly 

T.  Hales  .... 
P.  Plgott.... 
M.  Griffin.... 


a.  B. 
8  2 

253 

259 

8   8 

f  58 

8  61 

8   4 

256 

853 

248 

266 

8   0 

240 

246 

2  61 

24^ 

248 

24li 

248 

217 


Hua  OB  Smm  Taw's  Day. 


The  Vietcrian  St  Leger  Stakn-  (One  mile  and  three  quarten  and  182  yards). 


Owner. 


1860 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1868 
1864 
1866 
1866 
1867 
1866 
1869 
1870 

isn 

1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1B76 
1877 
1878 
1879 


Winner. 


Bire. 


Mr.  Austin   

W.  C.  YuUle 

liang - 

Dowling 

Harper  .... 

Lsng  

Dowling 

Fisher    .... 
Fisher    — 

TWt     

Moffatt  .... 

Pearson 

H.  PhiUipe 
P.  Lewis  .. 
P.  Lewis  .. 
J.Wilson  .. 
J.  Tait  .... 
E.  Jellet  .. . . 
H.  PhiUipe 
J.  WUson  . . 
E.  JeUet.... 


Brownlock  ... 
Flying  Buck    . 

Presto   

Camden    

Barwon , 

Oriflamme    . . , 
Illuminatkm   . 

Angler 

Fishhook  

Fireworks    . . , 
Gasworks .... 
Lamplighter 
The  Flawn..... 

Hamlet 

Blue  Peter  . . 
Seaspray  — 
Melbourne  .. 
Richmond  . . 
Adelaide   — 

FlntKlpg  •• 
Bosworth. .... 


8. 


Ridsf. 


Hie  Premier  

R(»nulus  or  Wartiawk 

The  Premier 

Oonmd  or  Warhawk . . 

Boiardo    

Boiardo    

WariuHirtc    

Fishennan 

Fisherman 

Kelpie 

Fishennan 

Fisherman 

Panic    

Maribymong 

Kingston 

TbePeer 

Pftnk    

MaribymoQg 

Panic    

King  of  the  Ring  .... 
Maribymong 


4 
8 
4 
2 
4 
4 
4 
8 
8 
8 
2 
2 
8 
4 
5 
6 
2 
6 
6 
8 
7 


Mltohdl  ... 
Morrison .  •  • 

I^eng 

Simpson  ... 
Waldock  ... 

Lang 

Morrison . . . 

MoniBon . .  ■ 

Stanley 

Carter 

Garter 

Lang 

T.  Enderaon 

J.  Carter... 
W.  WilMi  . 
H.Qnibb..- 
T.  Hales  .•- 
Yeomans .  •  - 
Teomaos.- 
Hales 


Time. 


842 

884 

853 
838 


81 
48 
29 
67 
8 
58 


84 


2« 

21 
Sl9i 


HACSKO. 


2S1 


iMunouUm 

GMmpion  Cu,p—(Thn$  mXkg). 

Teir. 

Owner. 

Winner. 

Watt, 

A. 

W. 

S. 

BIder. 

Thne. 

1966 

Mr.W.Ffdd    

C.  B.  Fisher 

TWt 

W.Field 

Thompson 

T.  Ryan 

Strap    

Panic  

4 
S 
8 
a 
8 
5 

itt.  1>. 

8  8 
7    0 
7    0 

9  2 

6  0 

7  6 

Winter 

m.  s. 
5  66 

1807 

Fishhook 

J^flnORIUm  ■•■•••««««■■•■ 

S.  Davis  

S.  Davis  

Havnee 

6  46 

1868 

nreworks  

Strop    

Romnla   

Kfilpl* 

6  48 

1860 

P»nW    

5  68 

1871 

Neiw  Wanior 

Wifflon  Inn . . . 

K  iO 

1878 

Leo   

LfloniiMi 

Gnibb                        K  RO 

Th6  AtutraUmm  (h^^Tvo  mOu  two/uHongt). 


Tear. 


Winner. 


Age. 


WelffhL 


a  , 


Rider. 


1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1807 
1868 
1669 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 


Mr. 


Harpw  ... 
H.  FUier  . 

Lang  

Thompson. 

Ctaiar 

Clecund... 
MoOatt  ... 
J.  Artiinr  . 
H.  Hoskins 

ChMk 

Olentstcr  . 
J.  Wlbon  . 
S.  Gardiner 
CJellet  . 
B.6evior  . 
J.  WQeen  . 


Barwon 

NatluOie  .. 
Woodman . . 
Woodman.. 
Tim  Whiffler 
Shenandoah 
Gasworks  . . 
Norma  .... 
Nimblefoot 

fhiladin* 

Warrior 

Protoe  .... 
Lurline  ..... 
Richmond.. 

Sibyl 

FlntKing.. 


8 
8 

a 
a 
4 
a 
8 
6 
a 
a 
a 
6 
6 
8 
8 
8 


at  lbs. 
7    8 
0    8 
7    1 

7  12 

8  2 

7  12 

8  6 

6  18 
8    4t 

7  8 

8  0 

7  6 

8  I 

7  18 
612 

8  6 


Chifney 
Cliifney 
Puller  . 
Carter  . 
Garter  . 
Walsh  . 
Garter  . 
Day  ... 
Lanff. . . 
Swafies. 


4 

8 

8 

6 

9 

9 
18 

7 

7 

8 
12     M.  Thompson. 

9     W.  Wilson 
18  I  T.  Hales... 
12     T.  Hales  . . . 
16  '  Williamson. 
14 


m.  SL 


4 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 


27 
88 
16 
24 
20 
16 
4 
11 
11 
16 

e 

a 

26 


!l 


AJIer  t««  dMfd  hcsti  with  Flytaf 


I,  I  jamnf  1  it.  6  Vtm. 


f  »lb.]Maatt7. 


• 

Ths  BdBtuut  Cup. 

Tear. 

Owner. 

Winner. 

Age. 

Weight. 

B.             Rider. 

Time. 

1854 

Mr.  Keiffhran   

Playb<^ 

yrs. 

6 
6 

■t  lbs. 
8    8 
8    6 

712 
8    0 
6  10 

6  7 

7  12 
7    6 
7    6 
7  10 

6  1U 
6    7 

6  12 

7  7 

8  6 

1 

9 

7 

4 
4 

m    • 

10 

8 
12 

6 

6 

8 

6 

6 
10 

5 

Carter 

m.  a. 
4  20 

1866 

iwt 

SirPatrick    

Stanley 

Watennan  

Waterman 

Cranston 

E.  Davis 

Bishop 

4  16 

1866 

Keiirhran   

r^}^ 

4  24 

1867 

M«lffnd« 

Exile* 

4  21 

1868 

Vowles    

Jack   

Salem  Scndder. 

4  19 

1860 

Peridns 

4  18 

1870 

W.  Winch 

Croydon 

4  15 

1871 

W.  Winch 

The  Baron  ...*...... 

Bryant 

4  14 

1872t 

J.  Goldham   

j.TUt 

Early  Mom 

W.  Wilson 

H.  Lewis 

W.Wilson 

CinackneU    

S.  Davis  

J.MaseaH    

Muzphy 

3  88} 
8  43 

1873 

^le  Arrow    

1874t 

J.  Coldham  

F.  Lemr 

Break  o*  Day   

8    9} 
2  45} 
2  60  4-10 

18754 

Southem  Oraas 

1876 

E.  Paget 

Huntinnan    

1877 

James 

Tom  Kirk 

2  42 

1878 

Johnson— Boe 

Columbus 

2  57 

IB  18«1  and  natllia  nee  wm  itylcd  Um  6i 
'  Fell  dead  immcdiatcW  aA«r  tke  nee.  ~' 

{This  year  taa 


t  MHpopoIiUB  OsldiiU  RaiuUup  ;  it  wm  not  ran  ia  IflO. 
^  Thb  Twur  Um  disUacc  wm  altand  tram  two  aile*.  two  PuUm^,  Sartj-^n  yarda,  to  two  i^itos 
allored  to  a  aUa  and  thr«t-q«art«n.  |  Thia  jear  tlM  dUtenca  wm  ob«  mile  amd  a  halC 


Th»  A.  J.  C.  Derby— (Ont^  msfe  and  •  half). 


Year. 


Owner. 


Winner. 


BlM. 


St 


Rider. 


Ttinfli 


1866 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1860 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 
1878 


Mr.  Cbeeke  

J.Tkit    

J.  Tait    

A.  Thompson 

H.  Fisher  . . . . 

J.  Tait    

T.  Lee    , 

W.  Winch..., 

T.  Ryan 

SirH.  Robinson., 
Mr.  E.  Jellett  ... 

C.  B.  Fisher. 

Hilberberg. . . 

DeMestra... 


Clove  

The  Barb 

Fireworks 

The  Duke 

Charon 

Florence    

Javelin 

Loap  Oaron 

Benvolio   

Kingsborough . . . 

Richmond 

Robinson  Crusoe 

Woodlands   

His  Lordship   ... 


Magnus   

Sir  Heicnlei  . 

Kelpie 

Kingston 

Ferryman  .., 

Bcriardo  

Tattendon  ... 
Lord  of  liane 
Peter  WOkins 

Kingston 

Manbymoog 

Angler , 

Marib  vmong , 
The  Marquis 


6 

7 
10 
11 
10 

6 

6 
10 

6 
11 

8 
10 

8 


F.  Martlneer  . . . 

Stanley    

Stanley    

J.  Bishop 

Morrison 

Stanley    

J.  Kean    

T.  Brown 

T.  Brown 

W.  Yeomans  . . . 

T.  Hales 

J.  Morrison 

OoUey  

Morrison 


m.  SL 
2  61 
248} 
248 
2  60 
2  47| 
261 
2  47 
2 
2 

2  60 
2  46 
2 
2 
2  65 


^ 


SI 


288 


BAcma. 


n*  A.J.C.  Qunn't  nal$—(Tkru  mttm). 


Yflv. 

Owner. 

Winner. 

Sire. 

A. 

Wei|{lil. 

Una 

1806 

Mr.  ThomvaQn.  I 

CfMnnek       ......  .  .....   ... 

Bir  Hercnlei 

S 
S 

6 

a 
a 
8 
4 
5 
6 
8 
8 

St.  lbs. 
7    2 
7    2 
9  18 
918 

10    0 

10    1 
7  18 
9    6 

10    1 
918 
718 
7    8 

1867 

C.  B.  Flaher 

E.I>eMe0tn   

J.TUt   

Fishhook 

FidMrmsn 

NewWsrrlor    

0  0 

1808 

nm  Whifller 

5  45* 

1809 

The  Barb 

Sir  Hercnles 

666 

1870 

E.  DeMestre   

E.DeMflrtra  

P.  Lewis    

Tim  Whlfll^ , 

New  Warrior    

564 

1871 

Tim  Whffller r 

NewWarrior    

6M 

1872 

542 

187St 

E.DeMestre  

E.DeMe8tre  

8.  Oftrdiner 

£.DeMe0tn   

C.  B.  Fisher 

J.White   

tDsgworth   

Tattendon.7 

6M 

1874 

Dagworth  

Tattendon 

645 

1876 

Lurllne    

nadooer   

646 

1876 

Robin  Hood  

6  601 

1877 

Robinson  Onisoe 

Angler , 

644 

187B 

Chesler   

Tanendon 

4     7  a   1 

6  42S-10 

1 

*  Th«  Barb  cum  la  flnt,  bat  was  dlaqullfitd  tor  not  carrrisf  hi*  proper  wiaht.         i  After  a  dead  haat  vltli  B«prir««. 

X  Tha  BaiM  of  thia  raca  waa  thU  yrar  altered  to  tbe  A.  J.  C.  Plata. 


The  Sydmey  Cup— (Two  mOes). 

Tsar. 

Owner. 

Winner. 

Sire. 

A. 

Weight. 

& 

TbM. 

1806 

Mr.McErilly   

Tattendon 

Sir  Hercules 

4 

8 

4 
6 

4 
4 
8 
4 
8 
6 
4 
a 
4 
4 

sLlbs. 
8    4 
0  10 
812 

10    8 
7  10* 
7    6» 

6  10 

7  2 

6  2 

7  9t 

6  4 

7  2 
6    6 

8  7 

18 
16 
11 
10 
17 
12 
16 
18 
26 
16 
15 
19 
16 
16 

m.  1. 
t4S 

1867 

C.  &  Fisher 

j.TWt   

Fishhook  

Flshennaa   

8  4U 

1868 

The  Barb  

Sir  Hercules 

840 

1869 

J.Talt    

The  Barb  

Sir  Hercules 

840 

1870 

E.  Lee    

Barbelle 

Sir  Hercules. 

84S 

1871 

E.  Twomegr 

O.Blake    

Mermaid    

KlngAUrad 

840 

1872 

^e  Prophet 

New  Warrior  

86^ 

1878 

O.  Osborne  

J.  Smith    

Vixen... 

Tattendon   

840 

1874 

Bp oni lation  ■...>••••••••• 

Kingston 

880 

1876 

0.  S.  Kinar 

Imperial 

886 

1876 

Benson  .......  . .  . 

A?!T..:::::::::::.:::: 

Kingfisher. 

Tarrsflfon 

8  871 

1877 

W.  Hill 

Kelpie  

8  861-6 

1878 

J.  White    

Pemocrat 

Oemma  di  Vagy    

Kinstton  . . . . . . .  r  r  t  -  t  -  - 

8  86  6-10 

1879 

H.  Power 

Savaaaka 

8  88  8-10 

*  laclmlliig  3  lb.  peaalty. 


f  '«*'■"* *»g  a  lb.  oter. 


The  Adelaide  SL  Leger—(One  mile  and  three  quarten  and  182  yarde). 


Tear. 


Owner. 


^Hnner. 


Std. 


Bider. 


1866 
1860 
1867 
1888 
1869 


1861 


1864 
1866 


1887 
1868 
1809 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1876 
1870 
1877 
1878 
1879 


Mr.J. Harrey  .... 
P.  B.Goglin  .. 

J.Baker 

W.Filgate.... 

O.  Bennett 

C.  B.  Fisher  . . 
C.  B.  Fisher  . . 
W.  H.  Formby 
J.Oabert   .... 

H.  Fisher    

H.Fisher    

P.  Fkands 

P.B.Ooglhi  .. 

T.  J.  Ryan 

O.  Adoock 

T.  J.  Ryan 

R.  Holland.... 

J.Wilson 

W.  Hutchison 

a.  Bennett 

E.Jellett    

Rounserell     . . 
J.  Paterson 


Beda 

Touchstone 

Omar  Pasha    ... 
King  of  Morialta 
Pride  of  Kildare 
Midnight 

Enfield 

ChidereUa 

Chrysolite 

The  Sign 

Hidni^ 

Appuition 

Regalia    

Red  Oauntlet. . . 

The  Ace  

Oalaba 

Sea  Spray    .r... 

SteUa   

Emulation 

Fillibuster 

Device 

Warlock 


6 

7 
8 
6 
6 
6 
8 
8 
6 
0 
4 
6 
6 
6 
8 
4 
4 
8 
6 
4 
6 
4 


Owner. 

J.  Muidock. 

W.  Simpson. 

Har?ey,  Junr. 

W.  Simpson. 

W.  Simpson. 

W.  Simpson. 

W.  Simpson. 

Mills. 

E.Nunn. 

Howard. 

Owen. 

H.  Tothin. 

H.TMhiIL 

Shuffg. 

H.^ddn. 

W.Lang. 

W.Wilson. 

T.  Halss. 

T.  Hales. 

Murphy. 

M'Mahon. 


BAoma 


233 


Tk€  A.  J.  C.  Situf  Prod»e$  Siakm, 


Tev. 


Owuw* 


Wlxmer. 


8ix«. 


St 

TlnM. 

m.  a. 

8 

162 

9 

1  61 

6 

160 

6 
6 

1  874 
1  86} 

11 

184 

11 

1  86 

8 

1  88  1-6 

9 

1  88  1-6 

6 

1  82  4-6 

6 

1  82  1-6 

6 

1824 

16 

1  81  4-10 

1867  Mr.  DineB 

1868  J.Lea 

180B         Dines 

1870*        Baldwin    .. 

U7I  Lewis 

1872         O.  Lee   

187S         J.lUt 

1874  Isir  H.  Robinson 

O.  Hffl  .... 
C.Fisher  .. 
E.  K.  Cox  .. 
I>e  Mestre. . 
O.Lee    .... 


Sir 
1876{(Mr. 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 


Olenooe  

Coquette 

Pandise 

LsdyClifden... 

tHsmlet    

tLecturer 

tBoseD'Amoor  . 
fKingsborough   . 

ValettaColt  ... 

Robinson  Crusoe 

Chesteri 

His  Lordship... 

Nellie  


LordoftheHUls 

Sir  Hercules 

LoBd  of  the  Hills 

YelTerton  

Maribymong     

Kingston    

Fir^orks 

Kingston    

Kingston    

Angler    

Tattendon     

The  Marquis 

Thn  WhiiBer  (imported) 


*  Thla  fmr  tha  net  wu  atUNd  from  a  mil*  to  mmn  tarUmgt. 


t  Canted  7  lb.  poal^y. 


Old  NJ3,W.  Qusen*9FlaU, 


T«r. 

Hone. 

Owner* 

Joektj, 

Time. 

1861 

n^fffark               ...     , 

j.TUt 

CTUfiUl           ---_--.-   mm»  _    - 

m.  s. 
6    6 
6    1 
6  66^ 
6  66 
6    0 
6    4 

8  milfM. 

1862 

Cnissek  ...  ............ 

J.TWt 

M*Orath 

1868 

flp<n^snian    

Fawoett    

Ford  •••••.......•....... 

1864 

Sportsman    

iwt  

Font 

1866 

^'^goard 

T.  Hajes 

Hogan , 

1860 

Oooramin 

J.  EiJm    

O&ien    

out  N,S.W.  Leg^, 


Tear. 


Horse. 


Owner. 


Jocktiy. 


Time. 

im.    SL 

264 

260 

2  62 

266 

268 

8    8 

266 

2  60 

2  67 

8    0 

LegerOoufie. 


1847 
1848 
1840 
1850 
1861 
1862 
1858 
1864 
18S6 
1866 


Whalebone 


FkwtUe 


Plover  .. 
Surplice.. 
Coonunin 
Venison .. 
Moeton  .. 
Stumpj .. 


J.  Tidt  ... 
E.  Butts  . 
Rouse  ... 
J.TUt  ... 
J.Roberts 
J.Tidt  ... 
T.  Brown  . 
HKlowan. 
Ounden... 
De  Clouet 


Cutts    ... 

FIdo 

Dunn  ... 
Cutts  .. . 
Cutts  ... 
HeiOT  ... 
Harnneer 

Fold 

SneU 

IfOiBih  . 


1|  mfle 


» 
»» 
ff 
»t 
»• 
»• 
ft 
f* 
»> 


The  Aaeoi'VaU  Stakes, 


Tear. 


Owner. 


Winner. 


Sire. 


8 


Rider. 


nme. 

m.    s. 

Il4 

1  12 

1  10 

1  11 

1  10 

1    8 

1    8 

1  21 

1  28 

1  25 

1  20 

1  18^ 

1  26 

1274 

120 

188S 

1864 

1866 

1886 

1868 

1800 

1870 

1871 

lS72t 

1878 

1874 

1876 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1870 


Mr. 


M( 

Mr. 


Robinson  ... 
H.  Fisher  . . . 
H.  Fisher  . . . 
H.  Fisher  . . . 
C.  B.  Fisher . 
W.  Pearson  . 
H.  Fiaher  . . . 
P.Lewis  ... 
J.  Thompson 
W.  FUsate  . 
H.  FisEer  . . . 
J.  Wilson  . . . 
Chimside 
J.  Wiaon  . . . 
De  Mestre . . . 
H.  Power  . . . 


Freestone 

Lady  Heron 

SeaOuU* 

Sour  Grapes 

Fenella 

Lamplighter  

TheRoe    

Beatrice    

King  of  the  Rhig 

Lapldist    

Blxplosion 

MiJd  of  AH  Work 
Newminster    . .  •  • 

nrstKlng    

His  Lordship  .... 
Petroa  


Touchstone 

Fisherman 

nsherman 

Fisherman 

Fisherman 

Fernrman  

Stockowner 

Stockowner 

Ace  of  Clubs  ... 

Fireworks 

Fireworks  

KingAlfred  ... 
The  Marquis  ... 
Khig  of  the  Ring 
The  Marquis  ... 
Ung  of  the  Ring 


7 

10 
8 
7 
7 

10 
8 
9 
6 

10 
7 
0 
7 
9 
8 

10 


Bishop 

Wfdman  ... 
Ooodman... 
Morrison  . . . 
A.  Davis... 
8.  Davis  ... 
Morrison . . . 
T.  Endorson 
J.Wilson... 

Grubb  

Ross 

W.  Wilson  . 
Yeomans... 
Teomans... 
Morrison  . . . 
T.  Hales  ... 


•  Mr.  rutin'*  Ftehhook,  by  FUhermaD.  e«n«  in  'rrt,  b«t  havlag  goite  inaUc  a  pott  was  dUtaaecd. 
•f  Thte  year  tb«  raea  waa  altertd  frooi  4t«  to  aix  furloaga. 


&S4 


BACDTCL 


The  Oamiertmrjf  (Vtm  Mujggid)  Dm^. 


Owner. 


Winner. 


Sire. 


lUder. 


Tbne. 


1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1808  1 


1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 


Mr.  W.  H.HarTte  ... 

C.  Redwood 

Hanoek 

Lance 

E.  Staffotd    

Lance 

Lance 

Mallock 

Bomaitl 

Redwood , 

Nofworthy  

Hunter 

Noeworthy  

H.  Redwood 

P.  Campbell 

P.  Campbell 

H.Redwood 

G.  Frazer 


Ada 

Otto 

EnmduiB 
Aznoena  . 
Opeva 
Derail 
Nebula 

Scandal    

Flyfaff  Jib 

Manob  

Envy    

Dehmfltton 

Calumny 

TuimOT   

Daniel  OHourke 

Songster 

Trump  Card  . . . 


St.  Aubyn  .... 
Sir  Hercules  .. 
SlelirhtoCHand 

Towian    

IlBarbieie.... 

Velocity 

Padflc 

TWdnoer 

Leotard  

Tbe  Peer 

lYadueer 

T^adueer 

Itadooer 

Ravensworth . . 

Oaledop  

Sledmere 

Towton    

l^aducer 


R.  Kay.. 

J.Ellis.. 

R.]bine 

East.... 

D.  Jones 

J. 

B 

Q 

Storey  .. 

Mahoney 

Richards 

R.  Kay.. 

R.Kay.. 

Mason  .. 

R.Ksy.. 

R.  KaT... 

Lyf ord . . 

FuUer  .. 


m.  s. 

not  taken 

S   0 

858 

s  ss 

nottshen 
3  12 
254 
256 
WO. 
2» 
288 
20 
8<7 
246 
2  5S 
2 
2 
2  47 


The  Cantertunr  fJf ess  SeaUtnd)  Cup. 


Tear. 


Owner. 


WUuur. 


Sin. 


St. 


1860 
1861 
1862 
1868 
1864 
1866 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1860 
1870 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 


Mr.  C.  Redwood 
C.  Redwood 
H.Stafford 

lAnce 

Lanoe 

M'Kenzie  .. 

HaiTis    

Harris    .... 
Studholme 
Redwood  .. 
Studholme 
Redwood  .. 
Redwood  .. 
Nosworthy 
Nosworthy 
O'Brien  .... 
Campbell  .. 
H.  Redwood 
R.  F\uiuer. . 


Wetsafl    

Wetsall    

Ultima 

Revoke 

Golden  Cloud 

Shillelagh   

Belle  of  the  Uo 

Stormbird  

Knottingley  

ifmtiiifcp. ^ 

Knotthigtay  

Peeress 

Peeress 

Lurline    

Lurline    

Tambouriai    

DanO'Roiuke  

Guy  Fkwkes 

ArJel 


Sir  Hetvules  

Sir  Hercules 

Sir  Hercules 

SIrHeiicoIss  

Towton    

Vanish 

Malton 

Sledmere 

Scud 

The  Peer 

Scud 

The  Peer 

The  Peer 

Ttadncer 

T^nadooor 

Towton    

Sledmere 

Ravenswofth . . ..« 
Daiaty  Ariel 


yr 

4 

2 

6 

wo 

a 

8 

6 

2 

4 

2 

a 

10 

3 

6 

5 

5 

4 

6 

8 

6 

6 

« 

8 

4 

A 

3 

5 

6 

Mars.— In  tb«  rean  IMO.  *61.  tad  'OS  the  Cup  Coun*  wmi  »  mil*  and  m  quarter :  in  1M&-4  tha  dlitance  waa  a  mile  and  thKC-qaartm ;  ia  ISSI  it 
waa  two  milea ;  from  18M  to  '70  it  waa  three  milea.  The  time  of  holding  the  Mectiox  waa  then  changed  from  Jaaoaiy  ta  Nevembar,  and  in 
MoTcmber,  uno,  the  Cup  eouree  waa  made  two  milea  and  a  quarter,  amd  kaa  ao  oantiaaM. 


The  Chrigtehureh  (New  ZeaUmd)  Plate— {Two  mSet), 


1866 
1807 
1868 
1880 
1870 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 


Winner. 


Mr.  Harris 

Harris 

Mallock    

Redwood 
Studholme  . . . 
Studholme  ... 
Studholme  . . . 
Nosworthy . . . 
Nosworthy  ... 

Redwood 

Redwood 

Noswortl^ 
G.  Fraser 


Sixv. 


A. 


Stormbird 

Nebula 

S^^ndri 

Manuka  ... 
Knottingley. 
Knottingley. 
Knottingley. 

Lurline 

Lurline 

Ngaro   

Korari  

Danebujy.., 
TtumpOard 


Sledmen 

Padflc 

Traducer . . . . 
The  Peer .... 

Scud 

Scud 

Scad  ........ 

TiadcKSsr.... 

Traduoer 

Ravensworth 
Towton   .... 

Traduoer 

Traduoer 


yrs. 
4 
4 
4 
8 
6 
a 
a 
8 
4 
8 
3 
3 
3 


Wfl^gut. 


St  lbs. 

8  0 

9  0 
9    6 

8  t 
10    6 

911 

9  11 
7    6 


9 

6 
7 
7 
7 


2 
8 
9 
9 
1 


S. 


Bidar. 


8 
2 
6 
6 
7 
3 

•  • 

6 
5 
8 

4 
3 
3 


Gay 

Ctater   

Carter    

Mahoney  — 

Outer    

Ray...^^.,. 

Derritt 

A.  Lyfoid  ..•• 
A.Lyford  ...• 

Wattie  

Qiflonl 


EACENG. 


136 


f%e  Btibmt  Town  Cup, 


OwUflF* 


Winoer. 


Sii& 


TIllM. 


1876  P.  Lewb... 

1876  W.  Field... 

18T7  J.  Archer    . 

187B»  C.  M.  Uoyd 

1879  H.  Lougblin 


ElUi 

Strop 

SpoK 

Swlveiler   . 
Lord  Hany 


YattendoD 

Panic 

Fireworks 
Snowden 
Angler  .. 


6 
7 
5 

16 
8 


m.  B. 

8  46 

8  46 

8  41 

8  81 

8  lOi 


*  THitiaw  MdvMd  to  oba  mite  and  ihrM-qnartnv. 
A.J.C.  QiMM'k  JHate— (Three  wnOeey 


Tev. 

Owner. 

Winner. 

Sh«. 

ASf>. 

Weight 

Tfan& 

1880 

Mr.  Thomwpon .  -  r 

Cossack   

Sir  Hercules  

yrs. 

•'s 

8 

5 

6 

aged 

4 
6 
6 
8 
8 
4 

St.  lbs. 
7    2 
7    2 
918 
9  18 

10    0 

10    0 
7  IS 
9    6 

10    1 
918 
718 
7    8 
7    8 

m.    s. 
6     64 

1867 

C.  B.  Fleher 

De  Meetre 

nshhook 

FiK^miMi  . , 

6     47 

1868 

Tim  WMffler 

New  Warrior 

6     46 

1869 

J.Tait    

De  Meetre 

DeMeetre 

The  Barb 

Sir  Hercules  

New  Warrior 

6     60 

1870 

Tim  Wbiffler 

6     64 

1871 

Tim  Whifller • 

New  Warrior 

6     66 

1872 

P.Lewis    

Hamlet 

Dagworth    

IC^bjTnong  , ....  T ... . 

6     42 

1878 

De  Meifen 

Tattendon  7. 

6     66 

1874 

DeHestie 

Dagworth    

Tattendon 

6     46 

187S 

S.  GflitHner 

DeMesfere 

Lnrline 

Robin  Hood    

naducer 

6     46 

1876 

Fireworks 

6     50} 
6     46} 

1877 

C.  B.  nsher 

J.  White    

Robinson  Crusoe 

Chester   

Angler 

1878 

Taitendon 

6     42S-10 

A»J.C,  Champagne  Staket, 


Tmt. 


Ore. 


B. 


Time. 


1867 
1868 
1809 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1S74 
1876 
1876 

vsn 

1878 
1879 


Mr.  H.  Fisher  . . 

Kelghian  .. 

H.  Fisher  .. 

Pearson 

Tslt 

P.  Lewis    .. 

O.  Lee    

J.  TWt  .... 
Sir  H.  Robinson 
Bh-  H.  Robinson 
Mr.  C.  Fisher  . . 

E.  K.  Cox  . . 

De  Mostra . . 

O.  DonneOy 


Fishhook 

Fireworks   

Fenella 

Lamplighter  ... 

Florence 

Hamlet    

Lecturer 

Rose  d' Amour   . 
Kingsborough   . 

H^psrion 

Robinson  Grasoe 

Chester    

His  Lordship  ... 
Baronet  


Fisherman  ... 

Kelpie 

Fishennan  ... 
Ferrjnian   .. , 

BoiMrdo    

lIaril^]rmong  , 

Kingston 

Fireworks   .. . 

Kingston 

Lordof  LInne. 

Angler 

Tanendon  ... 
The  Ifu^uis  . 
Lordof  Linne 


4 

7 
12 

9 
10 

6 
12 
14 
11 
12 
10 
17 

8 
15 


Ibi* 


ItarlOBffi  long,  b«t  next  fear  it  wm  aMercd  to  ft*t. 

The  MtHkemrne  Cap-^Two  tnOst). 


Owner. 


Winner. 


Weight. 


Thne. 


Mr.  DeMestre.. 
De  Mestre . . . 

Harper  

H.  Fisher  . . 

J.lUt  .... 
De  Mestre . . 

TWt 

fiaqui 

W.  Craig  .. 
J.Tait  .... 
J.TWt  .... 
W.  Johnson 
A.  Chimside 

filiarp 

J.  Wllaon  .. 
J.  White. . . . 
DeMestie.. 


Archer 

Archer 

Banker 

lAntem 

Tory  boy  ... 
The  Barb  . . . 
Tim  Wbiffler 

Olenooe 

Warrior 

Nimblefoot  . 
The  Pearl . . . 
The  Quack  . 
Don  Juan... 

Haricot 

WoUomai . . . 

Briseis 

Chester 

Calamia 


6 
6 

8 
8 

aged 
3 
6 
4 
6 

aged 
6 
6 
4 
4 
6 
8 
8 
6 


St. 

9 
10 

6 
6 
7 
6 


lb. 

7 
2 
4 
8 
0 
lit 


8  11* 

9  1* 
6  10 
6  8* 


7 
7 
0 
6 
7 
0 
6 


8» 

10* 
12 
7» 

8 

4 

12 


8      12 


m. 

s. 

17 

8 

62 

20 

8 

47 

7 

8 

44 

10 

8 

52 

28 

8 

44 

28 

8 

48 

27 

8 

89 

26 

8 

42 

26 

8 

40 

28 

8 

87 

28 

8 

89 

22 

8 

89 

24 

8 

86 

16 

8 

87i 

20 

8 

88 

88 

8 

86 

83 

8 

88 

80 

8 

86} 

1861 
1862 
1868 
1804 
1866 
1866 
1807 


1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 
1878 


•  laclnding  3  lb*,  poaaltj.       t  Iiicl«4ing  S  lb*,  over. 


236 


BAdNG. 


The  A,  J.  C.  M9tntpeiUaiii8tak»-iTwowiU8y 


Tear. 


Owtuit, 


Winner. 


Sin. 


A. 

St 

yw 

6 

17 

11 

IS 

16 

18 

15 

14 

19 

16 

5 

16 

8 

16 

6 

10 

Woiglit 


1866 
1807 
1808 
1800 
1870 
1871 
187B 
1878 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 
1878 


Mr.  J.Lee 

De  Meetre. 

J.TUt  ... 

W.  Winch . 

W.  Winch . 

A.  Town    . 

Bloomfield 

DeMeetre. 

T.  Ivory... 

J.TUt    ... 

Erans 

J.TUt    ... 
Hon.  J.  White. 


QtIo^ 

Tim  whiffler 
The  Bub  .... 
Gircmerian  . . . . 

Croydon 

Rosebud 

Dagworth  . . . . 

Hontio 

Sterling , 

Goldflborough 

Nemeiifl 

Amendment . . 
Democrat  . . . . 


Sir  HercoleB 

NewWanior  

SirHercoles , 

Chevalier , 

Lord  of  the  Hills    ... 

Sir  Hercules    

Yattendon    

Maribymaog  

Tattendon    , 

Fireworks    

Knight  of  the  Gaiter. , 

Angler  , 

Gemma  di  Vergy   . . . , 


St  lbs. 

6  6 

8  8 

9  10 

7  11 
7    8» 

6  1«» 

7  5 


7 
7 
9 
6 
6 
8 


8» 
6 
2 
S 

8 

2 


m.  s. 

S  42| 
38  6-^10 
37  8-10 

44 
48 

40| 

8S8-10 

9  OTy 
8  SSI— 6 
S  88  8-10 
8  86  8-10 
888 


8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


*  laclvdiBf  sib.  pcultj. 
Tkt  A.  J.  C.  Champagne  Stakee   (FiteJ^iHengi). 


Tear. 


Owner* 


Winner. 


Sirs. 


Bider. 


1807 
1808 


1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1876 
1876 

isn 

1878 
1879 


Mr.  H.  Fisher  .. 

Keighran  .. 

H.  Fisher  .. 

Pearson .... 

IWt 

P.Lewis.... 

O.  Lee    .... 

J.Tait  .... 
Sir  H.  Robinson 
Sir  H.  Robinson 
Mr.  C.  Fisher  . . 

E.K.COX.. 

De  Mestre . . 

O.  Donnelly 


Fishhook 

Fireworks 

FeneHa  

Lamplighter. . . . , 

Florence 

Hamlet  

Lecturer 

Rose  ly  Amour . . , 
Kingsborough  ... 

Hj^nrion  

Robinson  Crusoe. 

Chester 

His  Lordship    ... 
Baronet 


Fisherman  .. . 

Kelpie 

Fisherman  ... 
Ferryman  ... 

Bolardo   

Maribymong . 

Kingston 

Fireworks  ... 

Kinnton 

Lordof  linne 


Angler 

YOkendon  ... 
TheMarauis  . 
Lord  of  llnne. 


4 

7 
12 

9 
10 

6 
12 
14 
11 
12 
10 
17 

8 
16 


O'Brien 
DrisooU 


S.  Davis  . 
Stanley  . 
Bnderson. 
Ramsay  . 
H.  Lewis. 
T.  Kean  . 
Teomans. 
Morrison . 
Donnelly. 
Morrison . 
Pigott  .. . 


*  Tbia  nee  wu  MTtn  Airlonf  ■  long,  bat  tb«  tunl  jrtar  It  wu  klttiad  to  Art  Aulaagt. 
The  A.  J,  C.  St,  Leger—(One  mile  and  three  ^wtrteny. 


Owner. 


Winner. 


Sirsi 


St 


Rider. 


1806 
1887 
1808 


1870 
1871 
1878 
1878 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 


tMr.A.Loder   ... 

Fisher 

Tsit 

Jdbnhee  ... 

Forrester  ... 

Hogan   

P.Lewis    ... 

W.  Winch . . . 

J.TUt   

Sir  H.  Robinson . 
Mr.  E.  De  Mestre 

C.  B.  Fisher . 

A.  Town 

E.  Jellett  . . . 


ThePitsford...., 

Fishhook 

Olencoe 

Coquette  

Moselle 

Lady  Clifden    . . 

Hamlet 

Commodore  . . . . , 
GoMsborough  ... 
Kingsborouidi... 

Robin  Hood 

Robinson  Crusoe 

Oap-a-ple  

Boeworth , 


Pitsfoid  

Fisherman , 

Lord  of  the  Hills 
Sr Hercules  ... 

Cossack   

Telverton   

Maribymong .. .. 

Yattendon , 

Firewnrks 

Kingston     , 

Fireworks  

Angler 

Maribymong ... 
Maribymong  ... 


14 
6 
8 

8 
7 
6 
6 

7 
9 

8 
8 

4 
4 
4 


Tliompson 

Morrison  . 

Ashworlih 

Thompson 

J.  Bamsay 

W.  Tyler . 

Bndnwm. 

T.  Brown. 

Ashworth 

Yeomans. 

Donnelly. 

Morrison. 

Hussey... 

Walker... 


The  AdeUxide  Cup^Two  milet). 


Year. 


Owner. 


Winner. 


Rider. 


Weight 


Time; 


1866 
1866 
1807 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 

isre 

1879 


Mr.  P.  Dowling. 
J.  C;  James 
E.M.Bagtyt 
E.M.Bagot 
T.  J.  Ryan . 
W.  I^g... 
R.Holland. 
W.  FUgate . 
W.  Oerrard 
S.  Gardiner 
G.  Bennett. . 
8.  Gardiner 
FUgate    .... 
A.  Crosier  . . 


FUoon 

Ebor 

Cowra 

Cowra 

Cupbearer 

Norma 

Australian  Buck 

Dolphin  

Ace  of  Trumps  . 

Luxline    

Impudence 

Aldinga  

Olenormiston... 

Banter 


J.  Morrison. 
S.  Waldook. 
O.  Stevens  . 
W.Simpson 
H.TothiU  . 
Southall  ... 
S.Davis  ... 
H.  Orabb  . 
T.  Hales  . . . 
O.  Donnelly 

Kilduff 

T.  Hales  . . . 
O.Williams 


St.  lbs. 

10    1 

10    1 

8    7 

9    6 

8    4 

7    0 

7    0 

8    6 

7  18 

9    1 

6    2 

7    8 

7    4 

6    8 

m.  s. 

8801 

856 

860 

349 

346 

354 

9  51 

349 

344 

3  41 

387 

3681 

343 

335 


RAFFLE'S  BAY— RAILWAYS. 


237 


RAFFLE'S  BAY. 

Cajptain  Barker  founded  wttlement  at  Raffle's 
Bar  m  1823,  bat  it  was  abandoned,  1826. 

Oaptain  Sterlins,  in  H.M.S.  "Lacoss,"  arriyed 
and  formed  a  wnsSl  settlement  at  Fort  Welling- 
ton, on  the  north-east  coast  of  Raffle's  Bay,  in 
lat.  ir  14'  S.,  long.  132*  24'  K,  Jane  7,  1827. 

[Thoee  colonists  who  had  located  in  Raffle's 
Bay  (a  few  miles  to  the  eastward  of  Port  Easing- 
too,  in  Cobarg  Peninsula,  North  Aastralia)  hiul 
a  yisit  from  one  of  the  Malay  vessels  having  a 
Datch  commander,  with  a  crew  of  14  men.  She 
bdonged  to  a  fleet  of  52  vessels  which  had  left 
Marassar  in  company,  with  the  object  to  fish  for 
trepanff.  They  annaally  visited  the  northern 
coast  (3  New  Holland  for  that  parpose.     1827.] 

RAILWAYS. 

New  South  Wales.  The  oaestion  of  rail- 
way coDstraction  first  serioasly  occupied  Hhe 
attention  of  the  colonists.  A  numerous  and  in- 
fluential meeting  was  held  in  Svdney,  when  Mr. 
James  Macarthur  presided,  and  a  committee  of 
leading  colonists  was  appointed  to  collect  intor- 
mation  on  the  subiect  of  railways.   Jan.  29, 1846. 

The  first  official  duty  Governor  Fitzroy  was 
called  upon  to  perform  was  to  receive  a  deputa- 
tion on  the  subject  of  railways  for  the  purpose 
of  bringing  certain  recommendations  relative  to 
the  same  under  the  attention  of  the  Ministers. 
August,  1846. 

Sydney  Tramroad  and  Railway  Company 
established,  capital  £100,000.     Sept.  11,  1846. 

An  important  meeting  held  in  connection  with 
the  contemplated  railway,  when  a  report  was 
brought  forward  which  set  forth  that  the  com- 
mittee had  collected  subscriptions,  that  surveys 
had  been  efifected  for  lines  of  railways,  extend- 
ing between  Sydney  and  Goulbum  and  between 
Sydney  and  the  Hawkesbury  and  Nepean  Rivera, 
llie  survey  embraced  three  several  routes  be- 
tween Svdney  and  Bong  Bong.    January,  1848. 

The  mrst  sod  of  the  Sydney  and  Goulbum 
Railway  turned  at  Redfem  by  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Keith  Stuart,  daughter  of  the  Governor,  Sir  0. 
Fitzroy,  in  the  presence  of  His  Excellency  and 
about  10,000  i)eople.    July  3,  1850. 

The  first  railway  contract  in  the  colony  was 
accepted.  The  work  to  be  executed  was  a  por- 
tion of  the  line  between  Ashfield  and  Haslem's 
Greek  at  a  cost  of  £10,000.     March,  1851. 

Railway  from  Sydnev  commenced.  The  "Con- 
cord" contract,  4^  miles  ;  contractor,  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Wallis ;  Mr.  Shields  and  Mr.  Mais,  the 
first  Engineers-in-Chief.  May  1,  1851.  [The 
works  were  in  a  few  months  discontinued  for 
want  of  labour.] 

Mr.  Randle  took  a  short  contract  between 
Sydney  and  Parramatta,  August  9,  1851. 

500  railway  labourers  arrived  from  England, 
August,  1852.  Mr.  Randle  undertook  the  whole 
line  from  Sydney  to  Parramatta,  August,  1852. 

The  question  of  railway  communication  taken 
up.  A  meeting  was  held  in  Sydney,  at  which 
afithe  wealthy  and  influential  colonists  attended, 
and  a  resolution  to  the  effect  that  in  consequence 
of  the  rapidly  increasing  prosperity  of  the  colony, 


it  became  imperative  on  the  inhabitants  to  adopt 
a  comprehensive  system  in  the  construction  of 
railways  throughout  the  colony,  was  adopted. 
January,  1854. 

Hunter  River  Railway  projected  for  connection 
between  Newcastle  and  Maitland.  A  compaiw 
formed  at  Maitland ;  capital  £100,000.  April  20, 
1853.  Work  commenced,  but  was  continued 
only  a  year,  when  it  was  handed  over  to  the 
Government  on  July  30,  1854. 

Sydney  and  Goulbum  Railway  Company 
transferred  to  Government,  September  3, 1854. 

The  carriages  attached  to  a  railway  train  nm 
off  the  line  at  Haslem's  Creek  ;  two  passengers 
were  killed  (one  being  Mr.  Randolph  J.  Want, 
solicitor)  and  two  injured.    January  10,  1858. 

A  collision  occurred  in  Redfem  tunnel,  two 
persons  being  injured,  September  10,  1863. 

A  collision  occurred  between  Homebush  and 
Haslem's  Creek,  between  a  goods  train  and  a 
passenger  train  following ;  one  passenger  injured. 
October  25,  1864. 

A  collision  occurred  at  Newtown ;  one  pas- 
senger was  killed  and  several  injured.  Jan. ,  1868. 

A  collision  took  place  at  Redfem,  several  per- 
sons bein^  injured,  September,  1868. 

A  collision  took  place  between  a  passenger  and 
a  coal  truck  at  Newcastle ;  several  persons 
slightly  injured.    January  12,  1874. 

Two  platelayers  were  run  over  and  killed  at 
Haslem  8  Creek,  January  21,  1876. 

Deniliquin  and  Moama  Railway  (private  com- 
pany) opened,  July  4,  1876. 

A  collision  took  place  at  Redfem,  when  two 
women  were  injured,  July  30,  1877. 

A  collision  occurred  at  Redfem,  in  which  ^re 
passengers  were  injured,  November  5,  1877. 

The  Govemment  of  New  South  Wales  accepted 
tenders  for  the  railway  from  Wagga  Wagga  to 
Albury — Messrs.  Cornell  and  Mixner,  contrac- 
tors—January 24,  1878. 

Two  trains  collided  at  Emu  Plains,  near  Pen- 
rith, N.S.W.  ;  three  people  were  killed,  the 
engines  thrown  off  the  line,  and  the  waggons 
destroyed  by  fire.    J^uary  30,  1878. 

Railway  opened  to  Bathurst  by  Sir  Hercules 
Robinson :  great  demonstration  ny  the  people, 
and  a  public  dinner  given  at  the  School  of  Arts. 
A^l  4,  1876. 

The  Great  Northem  Railway  extension  to 
Tamworth  opened  by  Sir  H.  Robinson.  Octo- 
ber 15,  1878. 

George  Perdue  found  guilty  of  manslaughter, 
for  the  collision  at  Emu  Plains,  Feb.  19,  1878. 

Date  of  opening  to  the  principal  stations  in 
Nkw  South  Wales  : — 

Furnunatta  (8.W.),  September  S6, 1856. 
Liverpool  (S.\  September  26,  18M. 
East  Uaitluid  (N.),  April  6, 1857. 
Newcastle  (N.),  Mercb  19, 185& 
OunpbeUtown  (S.X  May  17,1858. 
West  Maitland  <N.),  July  27, 1858. 
Lochinntr  (SX  July  2, 1860. 
Blacktown  (WX  July  4, 1860. 
Rooty  Hill  (W.%  December  12, 1861. 
Branzton  (N.MIarch  24, 1862. 
South  Creek  (W.),  May  1, 1862. 
Penrith  (WA  July  7, 1862. 
Menangle  (a),  September  1, 1862. 


238 


RAILWAYa 


fiUiifflston  (N.),  Musy  7»  1868. 

Picton  (8.),  July  1, 1868. 

Morpeth  QfX  May  2,  1864. 

Ricbmood  (S.W.),  December  1, 1884. 

Mittaeong  (branch  from  BlacktownX  Mivch  1, 1867. 

Weatherboard  (W.),  July  11, 1867. 

Sutton  Forest  (BX  December  2, 1867. 

Mount  Victoria  (W.X  May  1, 1868. 

Marulan  (8.),  August  6, 1868. 

Muswellbrook  (Si),  May  19, 1869. 

Goulbum  (SO.  May  27, 1869. 

Bowenfels  (WX  October  18, 1869. 

Wallerawang  (W.),  March  1, 1870. 

Rydal  (W.),  July  1, 1870. 

Aberdeen  (N.X  October  20, 1870. 

Scone  (NA  April  17, 1871. 

Wingen  (&),  August  1, 1871. 

Murrurundi  (N.),  April  6,  I87S. 

Locke's  Platform  (WA  April  22, 1872. 

Hacquarle  Plains  (W.>,  July  1, 1872. 

Baglan  (W.X  Murch  4, 187S. 

Kebo  (W.),  Februanr  4, 187& 

Bathurst (W),  April  4, 1876. 

Gunning  (S.),  November  9, 1875. 

Bowning  (8.;,  July  8, 1876L 

Yam(Sj,  July  8w  187& 

Murrumbunah  (&),  March  12, 1877. 

guirindi  (N.),  August  18, 1877. 
ootamundiu  (8.),  November  1, 1877. 
Orange  (WX  April  19, 1877. 
Junee  (S.X  Juiy  6, 1878. 
Wagga  Wa«ea  (8.),  September  3, 187& 
Tkmworth  (N.),  October  16, 1878. 
Breeza (N),  March  26, 1879. 

New  Zealand. 

Auckland  Dietrict,  in  the  provincial  district  of 
Auckland.  Tlie  General  Government  have  com- 
pleted 141  miles  of  railway,  and  have  consider- 
ably more  under  construction.  Also  2  miles  68 
ciuuns  from  the  Kawakawamineto  the  shipping 
place  have  been  constructed,  and  5  miles  31 
chains  more  are  under  way.  The  Waikato  rail- 
way, which  runs  from  Auckland  southwards, 
was  opened  for  traffic  as  far  as  Newcastle 
(Nsaruaw^hia),  at  the  junction  of  the  Waikato 
ana  Waipa  risers,  once  the  capital  of  the  Maori 
King,  but  now  the  site  of  a  pretty  and  thriving 
British  township,  1877.  The  Waikato  rail- 
way  opened  to  Ohapu,  1878.  [The  whole 
southern  part  of  Aucldand,  and  a  large  portion 
of  the  North  is  thus  brought  directly  into  easy 
communication  with  the  city  by  railway.]  The 
Maories  refused  to  allow  Government  surveyors 
to  survey  for  the  railway  from  Taranaki  to 
Wanganui  (the  connecting  branches  between 
Auckland  and  Wellington),  March  20,  1879. 

Otago  District — Lyttleton  railway  opened, 
December  1,  1863. 

Bailway  to  Manaaru  opened,  Feb.  21,  1870. 

Railway  from  Chnstchurch  to  Dunedin  com- 
pleted and  o^ned  at  Dunedin,  October,  1878. 

Railway^s  in  New  Zealand  are  open  between 
the  following  places  : — Northern  Island,  Auck- 
land to  Ohaupo,  passing  through  Newmarket, 
Remuera,  Drury,  Rangariri,  Huntly,  Taupiri, 
Newcastle,  Hamilton,  a  distance  of  94  nmes ; 
Auckland  to  Onehunga,  connecting  Auckland 
harbour  with  the  Manukau,  a  distance  of  8 
miles,  with  a  branch  line  from  Riverhead  to 
Helensville,  16  miles.  Napier  (commencing  at 
the  Spit  or  Port)  to  Kopna,  a  distance  of  65 
miles,  passing  Hastings,  Waipawa,  and  Waipa- 
kam.  New  rlymouth  to  Inglewood  and  Wai- 
tara,  12  miles.     Wanganui  to  Fozton,  88  miles. 


Wellington  to  Upper  Hutt  aod  Kaitoke,  27 
miles.  Southern  imand — ^Bluff  to  InvwcamU* 
17  miles ;  InvercargiU  ts  Donodiiiv  13  mileB ; 
Dunedin  to  Omaru,  38  miles ;  Onuira  to  Tim- 
aru,  53  miles ;  Tunam  to  Ohiistehiueii,  100 
miles ;  ChriBtchuich  to  Port  Lyttleton,  7  milea, 
with  various  braach  lines  on  these  nnites. 
(xreymoutii  (West  Coast)  to  Bnmiiflr»  8  miles ; 
Nelson  to  Foxhill,  20  mi]eB»  witift  umxtBnma 
short  lines  on  the  West  Coast.  The  total  lengtii 
of  railway  opened  in  New  Zealand^  1,068  miles  : 
Deeember  31,  1877. 

QUEEVSLAND. 

first  sod  of  Queensland  nShrnj  tomed  at 
Ipswich,  February  24,  1864. 

V^rst  railway,  Queensland  opened  July  31, 1865. 

First  sod  of  the  Rockhampton  railway  tamed 
by  Governor  Sir  G.  F.  Bowen,  at  Rockhampton, 
September  26,  1865. 

A  train  proceeding  to  Warwick  was  blown  off 
the  rails  b^  a  violent  gale  of  wind  (some  passen- 
gers  were  mjured),  January  27,  1875. 

First  sod  of  tibe  Dalby  and  Roma  railway 
turned  by  Grovemor  Cairns,  June  6,  1876. 

Mr.  Gresley  Lnkin,  proprietor  of  77^  Queens- 
lander,  organised  an  expeaition  to  effect  a  flying 
survey  of  the  proposed  transcontinental  railway 
from  Blackall  to  Port  Darwin,  June  21,  1878. 

Datet  qf  Opening,  and  the  Length  in  MOeSy  of  tk§ 
diferent  Sectuma  <^  MaUipay  Lines  opened /or  Trajfic 
from  the  commeneement  to  iDeeember  SI,  1877. 


To  where  opened. 

QQ 

a 

• 

AU 
Lines. 

Date  of 
Opening. 

IpBwlch  to  Onndchestor  — 

M. 

21 

M. 

••• 

M. 

21 

July  SI,  1806 

Total  for  1866  .. 

Gmndchester  to  GaUcm 

GtettoB  to  Helidon  

11 

40 
29 

>  » 

28 

106 
24 

•  « 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

90 

ft  • 

80 

•  • 

21 
17 
11 

49 
29 

30 
28 

138 
24 

June  1, 180S 
Julj  90, 1806 

May  1, 1887 
Sept  17, 1867 
Nov.  18, 1867 

April »,  1888 

Total  for  1806  .. 

Helidon  to  Toowoomba 

Rockhampton  to  Weetwood  . . 
ToowoomlMt  to  Jondaryaa 

Total  for  1867  .. 
Jondaryaa  to  Dalby    

Total  for  IMS  .. 
Gtowrie  Junction  to  Allora    . . 

ISO 
46 

90 

•  • 

160 
46  Uar.  8,1860 

Total  for  1800-70 
Allora  to  Warwick  

176 

12 

188 

•  • 

18 

206 
2 

4 

•  m 

212 

»  • 

•  • 

212 

28 

•  • 

240 

80 

•  • 

lo" 

8 
6 

•  • 

44 

•  * 

•  > 

0 

63 

6 

7 
29 

86 

•  • 

31 

U9 

206 

12 

218 

8 

6 

18 

260 
2 

4 
9 

265 

6 

7 

28 

300 
28 
31 

369~ 

Jmx.  9.  1871 

Totid  for  1871-2^ 

Weetwood  to  Gpgango   

Goganffo  to  Roc^Cre^ 

Ipinrich  to  Oxley  West  

Total  for  1874    .. 
Ozley  West  to  Oxlev  Point  .. 

Oxley  Point  to  Biiebane    

Rocky  Creek  to  Herbert  Creek 

Total  for  1875    .. 
Herbert  Creek  to  Boolburra. . 

Boolbxirra  to  Doaringa  

Duaringa  to  Dingo 

Total  for  1876    .. 
Dalby  to  Warra    

Hay  25, 1874 
Oct  1, 1874 
Oct.  6, 1874 

Feb.  4, 1875 
June  U,  187& 
Nov.  9, 1875 

Jan.  10. 1876 
Mar.  28, 1876 
Sept  1,1876 

Sept  10, 1877 
JiUyW.  1877 

Dingo  to  Blackwater 

Total  for  1877    .. 

NoTS.— The  openlnr  of  th«  Ipiirich  Drriatioa  hm*  •horteQ«d  tb* 
distaaer  between  Ipiwtch  and  Toowoomba  bj  twomilee ;  conMqnentiT 
the  total  If n(tth  travelled  over  between  BriKbane  and  the  preteat  ter> 
miaal  ■tatione,  S.  aad  W.  Bailway,  now  etMide  at  339  nuiea. 


KAILWATS. 


239 


South  AuyrRAUA. 

Th«  nulway  from  Adelaide  to  Gftwler,  a 
distenee  of  25  miles,  completed  October  5,  18i57. 

Railway  opened  to  Kapmida,  August  3,  18^. 

Wallaroo  nulwiy  oommenced,  Jan.  17»  1862. 

TheVictcx'Harbonr  railway  opened^Uff.4, 1862. 

Railway  to  the  Burra  opened,  Aug.  29,  1870. 

Glenelff  railway  opened,  July  14,  1873. 

Sir  wT  D.  Jervou  tamed  tae  first  sod  of  the 
Port  Augusta  Railway,  bein^  the  first  instal- 
ment  of  ue  transcontinental  fane,  Jan.  28,  1878. 

Port  Auensta  line,  first  section  opened  to 
Gordon's,  May,  1879. 

DalM  ofOptnim§  cS  the  difemii  mtHonw  to  Ute  prtnebttU 
Stmtions/rom  the  eommenc$meni  to  J>€eeniAer  91,  iS77. 


KaxiMolLiiM. 


Adelaide  and  Port  Adekide. . . 
Port  Adelaide  and  Semaphore 

Addaide  and  Kapunda 

Dry  Cnek  and  Port  Adelelde . 

Roeewortby  and  Tkrlee 

Tkriee  and  Boira    

Gavler  Tramway 

Stiatball^yii,  Goolwa,  end  Victor 

Harbour , 

Port  Wakefield  and  Hoyleton 

Hoyleton  and  Blyth 

Port  Wakefield  and  Blyth    ... 

Port  Pirie  and  Gladstone 

Gladstone  and  Jamestown   ... 

Port  Pirie  and  Gladstone 

Port  Brouffhtoa  and  Bamnga 

Bange 

Kingston  and  Naracoorte 


Date  when 

first  portion  of 

LhewM 

opened. 


April  21, 1866 
Not  opened 

June  1, 1857 
Feb.  1«  1868 
July  K,  1869 
Feb.  21, 1870 
Not  opened 

May  18, 1864 
May  8, 1867 
March,  1876 

At  above 

Dec.  10, 1875 

Not  opened 

As  above 

March  11, 1876 
July  22, 1876 


Miles 
ef  Line 

Open 
at  close 
of  1877. 


n 

60i 

5 
24 
46} 


82 
28 
14 

82| 


10 
52i 


'Nna.— The  t«tel  co«t  of  the  Soath  AiutraUmn  railwaji  to  Dee.  SI, 
I8i7,  wae  £l.704,eM.  The  nuximuBi  speed  on  the  ftft  Sin.  nuge  u 
35  miles  per  h<nw  ;  awl  oo  th«  9ft.  6tn.  gsnge,  17|  miles  per  lionr.] 

The  following  lines  were  completed  and  opened 

for  traffic  during  the  year  187o  : — 

Burra  and  Hanett 18}  miles. 

Kaponda  and   North   West  Bend  (River 

Murray) 56|    „ 

Port  Wakoleld  and  Kadina    84m.  44chna 

Gladstone  and  Jameetown 19  mOes. 

(The  flnt  two  being  extensions  of  the  trunk  line  are  ooo- 

structed  on  the  5ft.  Sin.  gauge ;  the  other  two  are  oon« 

sbncted  on  the  Sft  6in.  gauge  j 

The  following  contract!  have  been  let  and  are 
in  varions  stages  of  progress,  viz. : — 

POTt  Augusta  to  Government  Gums   198}milea 

Kadina  A  Bamnga  Gap,  with  its  extension  33 

BivoU  Bay  and  Mount  Gambler 51 

Hamley  Bridge  and  Balaklava 22}    „ 

Making  a  total  of  805  miles.    All  these  lines  are  being 
oonstrueted  on  the  8ft.  6in.  gauge. 

The  foUowina  railways  haye  been  anthorised 

daring  the  Pamamentary  session,  1878-9: — 

Hallett  to  Terowie 20m.  44cbna 

Teiowie  to  PiehiRiehi OS  miles  with 

Brandi  to  Jamestown 21m.  76chns. 

Adelaide  to  Naime    83  miles. 


f* 


Tasmania. 

First  sod  of  Lannoeston  and  Western  Railway 
turned  by  H.R.H.  Prince  Alfred,  Jan.  15»  1868. 

First  train  on  the  first  Tasmanian  railway 
started  Augnst  19,  1869. 

The  Mersey  and  Deloraine  Railway  opened 
January  1,  187 1. 

The  L.  &  W.  RaQway  opened  FebTX  1871. . 


Victoria. 

Railway  froni  Melbourne  to  Sandxidge  com- 
mfittoed,  January,  1853. 

Geelong  and  Melbourne  Railway  inoorporajted, 
February  8^  1863. 

Melbourne  and  Geelong  Railway  works  eom- 
menoed,  September  20,  1803. 

Melbourne  and  Hobacm'sBay  Railway  opened, 
September  14»  1864 

Melbourne  and  St.  Kild*  railway  opened* 
Ma^  13,  1857. 

Geelong  and  Melbourne  railw»y  opened^  June 
26,  1857. 

Melbourne  and  Suburban  railway  commenced, 
July  1,  1858. 

The  Melbourne  and  Williaraatown,  Hobson's 
Bay  (priyate  company)  railway  opened,  January 
17,  1859. 

The  Victorian  Railway  department  took  pos- 
session of  the  Melbourne  and  Greelong  line  m)m 
the  original  company,  September  4,  1860. 

St.  jSldA  and  Brighton  railway  opened,  Decem- 
ber 21,  1861. 

Railway  extension  to  Caatlemaine  opened, 
October  16,  1862. 

Victorian  Croyemment  purchased  the  exten- 
sion railway,  June  27,  186/. 

First  sod  of  Castlemaine  and  Maryborough 
railway  turned,  September  7,  1872. 

First  colonial-made  locomotive  deliyered  to 
the  Victorian  Goyemment,  February  6,  1873. 

Railway  from  Melbourne  to  Wodonga,  on  the 
Murray,  opened,  Noyember  19,  1873. 

Maryborough  and  DunoUy  railway  opened, 
October  6,  1874. 

G^long  and  Colac  railway  began,  October 
23,  1874. 

First  sod  of  the  Gippsland  railway  turned, 
March  11,  1875. 

First  sod  of  the  Perth  and  Hamilton  railway, 
Victoria,  turned  by  Groyemor  Sir  George  F. 
Bowen,  April  27, 1876. 

Experiment  of  running  nulway  trains  with 
carriM^  doors  unlocked  nrst  tried  on  Williams- 
town  une,  January  16,  1877. 

A  disastrous  accident  happened  to  a  goods 
and  passenger  train  on  the  Ecnuca  line,  near  the 
Epsom  racecourse.  Flood  waters  had  unsettled 
the  ballast,  and  the  ensine  ran  off  the  line  oyer 
the  embankment ;  38  ol  the  goods  trucks  were 
smashed,  none  of  the  passengers  being  seriously 
hurt,     February  13,  1877. 

Sorious  accident  occurred  at  Spencer-street 
terminus ;  nine  of  the  passengers  received  severe 
injuries.    June  11,  1877. 

Opening  celebration  of  Portland  and  Hamilton 
railway,  January  9,  1878. 

The  Government  commenced  the  construction 
of  the  Oakleiffh  line  without  the  sanction  of  the 
Lejnslature,  February  19,  1878. 

The  Gippsland  railway  from  Oakleigh  to  Sale, 
a  distance  of  119  miles,  formally  opened,  March 
1,  1878. 

Messrs.  Lvell  and  Munro,  M.L.A'8.,  arranged 
terms  for  uie  purchase  by  the  Government  of 
the  Hobeon's  Bay  railway,  for  the  sum  of 
£1,320,820,  June  26,  1878. 


240 


RAILWAY  BBIDOES  and  VIADUCTS. 


The  Goyemment  of  Victoria  obtained  a  ma- 

Srity  of  42  in  fayour  of  the  purchase  of  the 
obson'a  Bay  railway.  Hie  (^poaition  voted 
with  them.   July  24,  1878. 

Messrs.  Topliain,  Angus,  and  Smith's  tender 
of  £68,977  accepted  for  the  construction  of  the 
Geelong  and  Queenscliffe  line,  August  9,  1878. 

Messrs.  J.  P.  Higgins  and  Go.'s  tender  of 
£48,868,  accepted  for  the  South  Yarra  and  Oak- 
leigh  line,  September  13,  1878. 

Sale  (Gippsland)  and  Melbourne  railway 
joined  at  Oakleigh,  April  2,  1879. 

Dates  qf  Opening,  and  Length  m  MUes,  qfihe  dif- 
ferent  Sections  of  Lines  opened  to  the  Prineipal 
Stations  of  Victoria,  from  the  commencement  to 
December,  1878. 


Date  of  opening. 


Feb.  10, 1850 
July  8, 1861 
April  26, 1888 
Oct.  21, 1882 
Sept  10, 1864 


Jan.  17, 1850       ) 


8ept  4,  1860 
April  11,  1868 


Jan.  0, 1871 
April  18, 1878 
Aug.  86, 1878 
Nov.  20, 1872 
March  20,  1873 
Aug.  18, 1873 
Oct.  28,  1873 
Not.  81, 1878 
Nov.  80, 1867 


Main  Line. 

Snnbory 

Woodend 

KynetoQ 

Sandhunt 

Echaca 

WUKamttown  Line. 
Williamttown        t 

BaUarat  Line. 
Oeelong 
BaUarat 


Jforth-eattem  Line.] 
*EB86ndon 
School-houae  lAne 
Seymour 
Longwood 
Violet  Town 
Benalla 
Wangaratta 
Wodonga 
Newmarket  to 
Baooooune 


Oi    I         9i 


45    I        46 
56i  I      lOOi 


H 

*t 

64 

68 

^ 

61 
84 

20 

104 

16 

120 

24 

144 

t 

187 

*  Norx.— EawndoB  Line  opened  bj  Coanpuix  «n  Oetobcf  11,  IMOi. 


Aug.  11, 1874 
April  7, 1876 


Battarai  and  Ararat  Line. 
\    Beaufort 
Ararat 


CasUemaine  and  DunoSy  Line. 

July  7, 1874        1    Maryborough         I       34 
Oct.  6, 1874         I    DunoUy  I       13^ 

Ballarat  and  Maryborough  Line. 

July  7, 1874        I    Creswick  , 

Nov.  16, 1874  (Hunes 

Fbb.  2, 1876         >    Maryborough         | 


67 


84 

471 


Wangaratta  and  Beeekworth  Lint. 

July  7, 1876         I    Everton 
Sept  30, 1876      |    Beechworth 

"  From  Wuiganttto. 


^ 


Feb.  16, 1876 
April  14, 1876 


Ararat  and  StawU  Line. 

r    Scallan'sHlll  |     17} 

SUwell  1 


Maryboreugh  and  AvooiLine. 
Oct  21, 1876       I    Avoca  |     16 


Sa»dhuntand  Inglewood  Line. 


Sept  10, 1876 
Nov.  18, 1876 


Bridgewater 
Inglewood 


^ 


n6| 

86 


17| 

181 


\       16 


86| 

80 


Date  of  opening. 


Opened  to 


MUea 
opened. 


TolKl 
Diataaoeu 


Nov.  86, 1876 
March  13.1877 
July87,18n 


0€€lang  and  dflae  Line. 

WinchelMa 
Birrqgurra 
Colac 


12 


June  1, 1877 
Oct  8, 1877 
Dec  1, 1877 
Match  1, 1878 


Qippeland  Line. 

SeletoMorweU 
Oakleigh  to  Bunyip 
Moe  to  MorweU 
Mue  to  Bunyip 

Ararat  and  HamUtcn  Line. 

April  84, 1877      ]    Dunkdd  I      47| 

Oct  88, 1877       1    Hamilton  |     10 

Portland  and  Hamilton  Line. 
Dec  10, 1877       \    Hamilton  |     63 

Dunotty  and  SL  Amaud  Line. 

Sept  3, 1878       1    BeaUba 
Dec  83, 1878       |    St  Amaud 


63 


Feb.  1, 1878 


Dec  17, 1878 


Oeelong  Raeeeoune  Line. 

I    Raoeoouree  Station)       1}    | 

Stawell  and  Horsham  JUne 


Murtoa 


34 


84 


Not*.— The  BQnaber  of  miles  open  la  YietorU,  up  to  December  H , 
1878,  WM  ni .    The  broad  gauge  uacd,  riz.,  6  feet  6  lacbcs. 

Westkbn  Austkalia. 

First  8od  of  the  Geraldtown  railway  tumed 
by  Goyemor  Weld,  November  22,  1874. 

Total  Length  qf  RaJUways  Open  and  m  course  of 
Construction  throughout  Australasia. 


MUee 
of  Railway 

Open 
Dec  81, 1877. 

MOea 
of  Hallway  in 

oouraeof 
OcMUtniction, 
Dec  31, 1877. 

New  South  Walea  

New  Zealand 

643 
064 
367 
887 

S* 
981 

08 

8171 
810 

188 

South  Aufltrftlia 

404 

Tamnania  

Victoria  

198 

Weiten?  Auvtr*)^  ..,..,... 

86 

Total 

84621 

18861 

Total  Expenditure  for,  in  Australasia^  to  Decern- 

6er  31,  1877. 

New  South  Walea £8,670.000 

New  Zealand  6,675,781 

Queenaland 3,500,000 

South  Austnlia 8,600.000 

T^Mmanla 700,000 

Victoria 14,668,984 

Western  Australia 100,000 

Total £36,606,706 

BAILWAY  BRIDGES  and  VIADUCTS. 

Over  the  Hunter  at  Singleton,  N.S.W.  (N.)  ; 
length,  400  feet. 

Over  the  Hunter  at  Aberdeen  (N.) ;  length 
480  feet ;  cylinders  sunk  20  feet  below  ordinary 
level  of  water ;  height,  41  feet  above  ordinary 
level  of  water ;  cost,  £25,000. 


RAILWAY  CURVES— RELIGION. 


241 


Over  the  Macquarie  at  Bathunt (W. ) ;  480ft  in 
lenMk ;  cast  iron  cylinders  9  ft.  in  diameter,  sunk 
14ft.  below  ordinary  levelof  water  in  river ;  heisht 
above  ordinarv  water  level,  35  ft.  ;  cost  £32,(WO. 

Over  the  Nepean  at  Menangle  (S.) ;  498  feet 
in  length ;  heignt  of  brid^  above  level  of  water 
in  the  river,  U>  under  side  of  girders,  65  feet ; 
length  of  approaches  from  Sydney  side,  978  feet, 
snd  on  southern  side,  432  feet ;  cost,  £100,000. 
Opened  for  traffic,  July  11,  1867. 

Over  the  River  Nepeanat  Penrith  (W. ),  35  miles 
from  Sydney,  is  constructed  for  a  double  line,  and 
carries  the  Main  Western  Road  and  a  single  line  of 
railway.  It  consists  of  three  openings  of  186  ft. 
dear  span  each,  and  one  span  of  127  ft.  The  larger 
openings  have  two  main  sirders  of  the  box  form, 
each  5&  ft.  in  length,  ofan  extreme  depth  of  13 
feet,  and  placed  25  ft.  6  in.  apart  in  the  clear. 
The  roadway  is  carried  on  wrought-iron  cross  gir- 
ders 18  in.  deep,  and  placed  3  ft.  apart  centre  and 
centre,  and  covered  with  3  in.  planking  through- 
out. The  span  of  127  feet  has  also  wrought-iron 
eirders  of  the  box  form,  135  feet  in  length  and  10 
feet  in  depth.  The  rails  are  49  feet  above  the 
ordinary  level  of  the  river.     Cost,  £110,000. 

Over  Murrumbidgee  at  Wagga  Wagga  (S.) ; 
total  length  over  main  channel^  636  feet ;  cast 
iron  cylinders,  9  feet  in  diameter,  and  sunk  34 
feet  below  ordinary  level  of  water  in  the  river ; 
work  commenced,  1878. 

Over  the  Macquarie  River  at  Wellington 
(W.) ;  length,  477  feet,  or,  including  abutments, 
648  feet ;  work  commenced,  1878. 

WoUondiUy  River,  K.S.W.,  122  miles  from 
Sydney  (S.)  ;  616  feet  in  length. 

WoUondiUy  River,  127  miles  from  Sydney 
(S.) ;  614  feet  in  length ;  rails  46  feet  above  or- 
dinary level  of  water. 

Boxer' 9  Creek  viaduct,  133  miles  from  Svdney 
(S.) ;  206'feet  in  length ;  46  feet  above  ordinary 
water  level. 

Jdulwarree  Creek  viaduetf  near  Goulbum  (S.) ; 
858  feet  in  length. 

Barber's  Creek  viaduct,  HI  miles  from  Sydney 
(S.);  340  feet  in  lenffth. 

Pidon  .viaduct,  (8.)  53  miles  from  Sydney; 
276  feet  in  length  ;  78  feet  in  its  extreme  heignt 
from  foundations  to  rail  level. 

Knapsack  QuUy  viaduct,  38  miles  from  Sydney 
(W.) ;  388  feet  in  length ;  ffreatest  height,  126 
feet,  from  foundation  to  level  of  rails. 

Over  the  Murray  River  at  Echuca;  cost,. 
£40,000 ;  opened,  March,  1879. 

Over  Brisbane  River  at  Oxley ;  cost,  £36,000 ; 
opened,  1875. 

RAILWAY  CURVES  and  GRADIENTS. 
The  smallest  curve  on  the  New  South  Wales 
line  is  eight  chains,  on  the  Western  Line.  The 
steepest  cradient,  1  in  30,  is  also  on  the  Western 
Line.  In  Victoria  the  steepest  gradient  is  1  in 
30,  on  the  Wangaratta  and  Beechworth  Line. 

RAILWAY  GAUGES.  New  South  Wales,  4  ft. 
84  in.;  New  Zealand,  5  ft.  3in.,  4ft.  8in.,3ft. 
6  in. ;  Queensland,  3  ft.  6  in. ;  South  Australia,  5 
ft.  3  in..  3  ft  6in. ;  Tasmania,  5ft.  3  in. ;  Vic- 
toria,  5  ft.  3  in. 


RAILWAY  TUNNELS.  The  longest  tunnels  in 
New  South  Wales  are : — ^The  Mount  Clarence 
tunnel,  AVestem  line  (88|  miles  from  Sydney),  539 
yards  in  length ;  Liverpool  Range  tunnel,  126 
miles  from  Newcastle  (Northern  line),  is  528 
yards  in  length  ;  the  Picton  tunnel  (Southern 
line,  54  miles  from  Svdney)  198  yards  in  length  ; 
the  Gibraltar  tunnel  (Southern  line,  79  miles 
from  Sydney),  572  vards  in  length.  In  Victoria, 
the  longest  tunnel  is  the  Mount  Elphinstone 
(Echuca  line),  418  yards  in  length.  The  Big  Hill 
tunnel,  on  the  same  line,  is  413  yards  in  len^^. 
In  Queensland,  the  Victoria  tunnel,  S.  W.  hue, 
is  26  chains  in  length.     [See  Zia  Zao.] 

RAYMOND,  James,  was  Postmaster-General 
of  New  South  Wales  from  1829  tiU  his  death, 
which  took  place  at  Orwell  House,  Macleay- 
street,  Sydney,  May  29,  1851. 

REBELS,  Irtsh.  Arrival  in  the  settlement  of 
New  South  Wales  of  a  large  number  of  Irish 
rebels,  amongst  whom  were  the  Rev.  Henry 
Fulton,  C.E.  ;  Rev.  Father  Harold,  R.C. ;  Capt. 
Wm.  Henry  Alcock ;  Dr.  O'Connor ;  Joseph 
Holt  (better  known  as  General  Holt),  1799-1800. 

RECEVEUR,  P£RE  Le,  the  naturalist  of  the 
"Astrolabe,"  Captain  M.  de  la  Perouse,  arrived 
with  French  expedition  at  Botany  Bay,  January 
24,  1788 ;  died  there  of  wounds  received  in  an 
encounter  with  the  natives  at  the  Navigators* 
Islands,  February  17,  1788.  * 

REGISTRATION  SYSTEM  ■  op  Births, 
Deaths,  ast}  Marbiaobs.  Mr.  W.  H.  Archer 
first  put  into  operation  in  Victoria  a  system  of 
registration  for  legal  and  statistical  purposes 
more  scientifically  comprehensive  and  mmute 
than  had  ever  been  adopted  by  any  nation,  July 
1,  1853.  [It  has  been  imitated  by  other  States 
and  the  Registrar-General  of  England  and  the  In- 
ternational Statistical  Congress  of  Brussels  have 
republished  Mr.  Archer's  schedules  as  models.] 

RELIGION. 

Four  Church  of  England  Bishops  were  conse- 
crated at  Westminster  Abbey,  three  of  them 
were  for  Australia,  June  21,  1847. 

State-aid  to. 

The  discontinuance  of  the  system  of  State 
endowments  for  religious  purposes  was  mooted 
in  the  Legislative  Council,  N.S.W.  A  numer- 
ously attended  meetins  was  held  in  Sydney, 
when  a  petition  was  a<£)pted  to  the  Council, 
praying  that  it  might  refuse  the  proposal  of 
the  Grovemor-General  to  supplement  the  esti- 
mates b^r  an  additional  grant  of  £17,000  for 
ecclesiastical  purposes,  and  to  take  measures  to 
abolish  State  enaowments.  The  House,  how- 
ever, voted  the  additional  sum,  1854. 

A  supplementary  grant  of  £14,000  for  the 
support  of  public  worship  was  struck  out  of  the 
estimates,  N.S.W.,  1858. 

Abolition  of  State-aid  to  religion  in  New 
South  Wales,  July  21,  1863. 

Abolition  of  State-aid  Bill  passed  in  Victoria, 
1869. 


242 


RELIGIOUS  DENOMINATIONS— KEYNOLD& 


RELIOIOUS  DENOMINATIONS  m  AvsnAi^Asu^  nr  1871.    (Population,  about  2»000,000). 


R«llgion. 


IT.8.W. 


New 

Zealand. 


Qniwntland.  8.  AmtiBUa. 


C9nin^  of  Enstaad 
RoBUkD  GathoMot  . 


Presbyterians 

Werieyan  Methodisto  

OoogMgationalists  or  Indepra- 


Oeman  Pn>> 


and 


Baptists   

Prraiitive  Methodists 
Other  Methodists  ... 
liUtheraBs  and 

testonts 

Christians,  —  Brethren 

Disciples 

Calvinists,       or      Oalvinistle 

Metbo4isls  

Ffeiends , 

Unitarians  

Oatholic  Apostolic  Church 

Greek  Church 

Israelites  &  Christian  Israelites 
MonDons,  or  Latter  Day  flaints 

Jews,  or  Hebrews 

Moravians,  or  United  Brethren 
Pagans,  Mahomedans,  Chinese 

New  Jerosaleni  Church  

Bible  Christians 

Methodists  New  Connection  . . 

Free  Presbyterians  

Chnrch  of  Christ  

NoUect 

Unspeolfled 

<Hher  Protestants 

Other  Catholics 

Other  Persuasions 

Objected  to  State  Religion .... 


229.843 

146,itt2 

49,122 

86,275 

9,2fi8 
4,161 


S,291 


840 


2,385 
'7,*4iw 


6,946 

7,208 
1,695 
1,166 


194,373 
40,412 

72,477 
25,219 

6,441 
6,868 


8,914 


1,216 
'4,764 


81,982 
43,1«7 
18,917 
11,066 

8,600 
6,344 


12,174 


427 

io,b(7 


6,886 


1,874 


60,619 
28,668 
13,371 
27,075 

7,969 
6,781 
«,207 


U,412 
l,ltt 


92 
062 


436 

210 

*iS7 

7,788 


608 
4,768 


8,802 
6,436 


TietorfaL  W.  Anstnlia  TViliL 


68,047 

22,091 

0,044 

7,187 

3,931 
931 


257,836 

176,680 

112,883 

94,220 

18,191 
16^311 






10,550 

1.482 

82 

333 

1,016 

278 

832 

285 
97 

232 

8,6n 
98 

<2 

4 

18,308 

4 

2,490 

*  3*540 

2,160 

i47 

6,600 

1,026 

2,769 

"%9n 

14,619 
7,116 
629 
1,874 


64 


791,680 


274,078 
988,116 

40,227 

40,875 

8,207 

3,291 

42,060 

1,180 

1,432 
507 

2,527 
278 


285 

97 
8,837 


40,008 
137 
7,756 
863 
2,480 
8,540 
2,806 

23,196 
8,238 
1.095 
9,401 

15,401 


AmuMmun  EnmAn 


nv  1878.    (PorauLTiON,  about 
2,600,000.) 


Religion. 


Chnrch  of  England 

Roman  Catholics 

Presbjrterians    

Woslej'on  Methodists 

Oongregotionalists  or  Independents  . . . 

Baptists  

Primitive  Methodists 

Other  Methodists 

Lutheran»  and  German  Protestants  . . . 
Christians, — Brethren  and  Disciples  . . . 
Cahinlsts,  or  Calvinistic  Methoaists  . . . 

Friends   

Unitarians 

Catholic  Apostolic  Church 

Oreek  Church    

Israelites  or  Christian  Israelites 

Mormons  or  laittMr  Day  Saints. ........ 

Jews  or  Hebrews 

Moravians  or  United  Brethren 

Pa^ns,  Mahomedans,  Chinese 

New  Jerusalem  Church 

Bible  Christians    

Methodist  New  Connection 

Free  Presbyterians 

Church  of  Christ 

No  sect    

UnspedAed 

Other  lYotestants    

Other  Catholics    

Other  Persuasions   

Objected  to  state  religion 


Estimated 
Number. 


980,687 

679,985 

342,591 

263,010 

61.584 

61,004 

10,266 

4,114 

62,674 

1,486 

1,790 

684 

8,150 

347 

415 

866 

121 

10,421 

416 

60,883 

171 

0.697 

464 

8,025 

4,425 

8,606 

27,7U 

10,206 

2,119 

11.761 

19,261 


RELIGIOUS  FANATIC.  Andrew  Fuker,  of 
Nnaaw»diii^,  Viotoria,  better  known  »  the 
"Nunawading  Messiah,"  at  ^e  head  of  100 
follower*,  dedared  himself  the  Messiah.  He 
was  a  charooal  bonier,  and  took — ^his  sect  beiiig 
polygamous — ^three  sisters  as  his  wives,  June 
21,  1871. 

RENTON,  John,  who  had  been  eight  yea» 
with  the  natives  of  the  Island  of  Malavsa,  was 
rescued  by  the  schooner  '*  Bobtail  Nag,  Aagnst 
18,  1876.    [See  Abo&ioznis.] 

REVENUE. 

William  MacPherson,  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue,  New  South  Wales,  arrived,  October 
11,  1829. 

Revenue  of   Australasiaa  Colonies    for 
ending  December  31,  1877 :~ 

Revenue. 
£ 

New  Sooth  Wales  6,748,246  ....  846,994 

New  Zealand    3,916,023  ....  408.S48 

Queensland 1,436,1181  ....  195,002 

South  Australia  1,447,401  ....  2S1,S8S 

Tasmania  861,771  ....  106,904 

Victoria 4,728,877  ....  849,8?0 

Western AustnOia 165,413  ....  27,570 

Total  17,790,311  ....  2,404,470 

REYNOLDS,  Charixs,  a  snccessfal  sheep- 
breeder,  accidentally  killed  near  the  Fstorson 
River,  N.S.W.,  Sept.,  1871. 


BICHAEI>BOSr.-S.IFLE  MATCHEa 


^48 


RICHARDSON,  8m  John  Xarkiks  OaBssE, 
member  of  Pjurliament  and  Speaker  of  the  Fro- 
vincial  Gotmcil,  NewZealftnd,  died,  Dec.  16»  1878. 

RICHMOND,  N.S.W.    Richmond   and   other 

places  in  the  Hawkesbuiy  district  (Pitt  Town, 
Wilberforoe,  and  Castlereagfa),  reoeiTed  their 
present  names  December,  1810. 

RICHMOND,  Bjvzb,  discovered,  August,  1828* 

RIFLE  ASSOCIATION  of  Niw  South  Wales 
established,  October  5,  1860;  held  first  Meeting 
at  Randwick,  September  26,  27,  28,  1861. 

RIFLE  MATCHEa 

Pint  MeeHng  <tf  Jf.S.  W.  BijU  A$9oeiatSon  at  Mmidwiek, 
l8t  prise  in — 

lot  match  won  by Trooper  Sharp 

2nd    „         „        —  Private  Wyncuiam 
Srd    „          „        ....         „     BobertB 
4th    „          „        ....         ,,      Roberts 

5th    y,  ,,        —  Trooper  Hordem 

Sqitember  26,  27,  and  28, 1861. 


Second  Meetkig,  at  RandwUk. 
\Bt  price  in— 


lat  natch  won  by 

2nd 

3rd 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7tii» 


** 
I* 

yt 
»» 


» 
If 

!• 


Private  DiekMo 
Beid 
Bayner 
„      rrith 
Gunner  Allen 
Private  Cunpbell 
Sergeant  Moriacty 


*  Thi*  was  an  Artillery  match  flrad  with  S-ponnden. 

September  26, 26,  and  27, 1862. 

Third  Meeting,  at  Randwiek. 
Ist  prise  in — 
Ut  match  won  by  ... 


2nd 
8rd 
4th 
Sth 

eth 

7th 
Sth 

October  8, 0,  and  10, 1868. 


I» 

f» 

9* 

n 

It 

>» 

»» 

Private  C.  W.  Roberts 
Wickham 
Weat 
Fervneon 
C.  FhiUipa 
C.  W.  Roborts 
J.  Dickson 
MitcheU 


ft 
$» 
»t 
>t 

i* 
tt 


Fourth  Jf««fm^,  at 
1st  prise  in — 
l8t  match  won  by 
2nd 


Sid 
4th 
5th 
6th 
7th 
8th 


t$ 

n 
>» 
»f 

t* 
*y 
*t 


t» 
f* 
ft 
It 
»f 
If 
i> 


Oorporal  Harris 
Private  M*DonaId 
Sergeant  Byrne 
Private  M'Cracken 
Roberts 


i> 
ft 
>i 
fi 


Amott 
Roberts 


September  15, 16,  and  17, 1864. 

F^  Meeting,  at  Randwiek 
IstpriJEein — 

Private  Brewster 
Seigeant  If  enser 
Private  OunpbeU 

„      Slade 
Oumier  Hackechnie 

•  „      T.  F.  Strange 
Private  Slade 
Oearv 
/'Ck>rparal  Lynch  .  .at  260  yds. 
Private  Brownlow  . .  SOO  „ 
„      Widcham  . . .  500  „ 

„      Slade   600  „ 

Cknpoml  Lynch  —  700  „ 

Private  Brownlow  . .  800  „ 

\^      „      Brownlow  ..  900  „ 

(       „     Brownlow(8nia]lbore) 

••••(      „     Tfanim  (large  bore) 

October  25,  26,  27,  and  28, 1866. 


1st  match  won  by 

2nd 

3rd 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

Sth 


i» 
II 
II 
11 
II 
II 
II 


It 
II 
II 

II 
II 

II 

I 


9th 


10th 


II 


II 


II 


»> 


AMft  JCssMiy,  at  Paddinfftan. 
Ist  prise  in — 


1st  match  won  by 
2nd 


II 


ft 


8rd 

ti 

4th 

II 

5th 

M 

6th 

II 

7th 

,1 

Sth 

»> 

0th 

>t 

10th 

il 

11th 

fl 

12th 

II 

13th 

tl 

14th 

II 

Private  Honlson 
Lieut.  Furell 
Private  Bergin 
Gunner  Jones 
lieut.  Clark 

„     Webb 

„     Solqmon 
Sydney  Bat  (represeotakives) 
Private  Brownlow 
Osptain  Richards 
Ensign  Strong 
IVvto  Brownlow  (smatt-foore) 
Dr.  Ward  (large  bore} 
Gunner  Cudr 
Alfred  Douglas 


October  1,  2,  8,  4, 6,  and  6, 1866. 


Sevttnth 
1st  prise  in— 
Istmatohwon  by 
2nd 
3itl 
4th 


tt 
It 


II 


II 


6th  „ 

6th  „ 

7th  „ 

Sth  „ 

0th  .. 

10th  „ 

nth  „ 

12th  „ 


ISth 
14th 
16th 
16th 


II 
If 
It 
II 


II 

II 
II 
II 
II 
»• 
II 
i> 
II 

II 
fl 
It 
fl 


ing,  at  Paddingtan. 

Private  M*Donald 

„      PhiUips 

„      Watson 
Gunner  Holt  and  flfitponl 

Brewster 
Gunner  Gourlay 
Private  Douvett 
captain  Bolton 
Private  (3ompton 
Corporal  Gee 
Private  Brownlow 
Mr.  Bayner 
Mr.  Pye  (large  bor^ 
Lieut.  Brown  (small  bore) 
Captain  Dalmas 
Sergeant  Bowden 
A.  B.  Evans 
Private  Howe 


November  6,  7, 8,  and  9, 1867. 

Eighth  Matting,  at  PaddingUm. 
1st  prise  ii^^ 
let  match  won  by  . . . 


2nd 
3rd 
4th 
6th 
6th 
7th 
Sth 
0th 
10th 

nth 
12th 
18th 


II 
II 
It 
II 
I* 
II 
It 
II 
It 

II 
II 
II 


II 
I* 
II 
II 
II 
II 
II 
II 
II 

It 
If 
II 


II 
II 


II 
•I 


»i 

•I 


14th 

15th 

Iflth  (i&h  82  poundMs) 

17th  (^aval  Brigade) .... 

18th  (Cadets)  » 

19th  (Military) 

sotn    ,,         ,,       .... 

November  26,  27,  28, 1868. 


Private  Slade 

Slade 

AUerton 
„     James 
Gunner  Anderson 

,,       Gourlay 
Private  Sills 
Sergeant  Grant 
Private  A.  Wilson 
By  the  representsiivss  of  the 

Country  Corps 
Private  M«Donald 
Mr.  Brownlow 
Mr.  Brownlow  (lane  .bore) 
Mr.  Lynch  (small  uue^ 
Mr.  Danvar 
Captain  Richards 
Gunner  Qvsen 
E.Trickett 
Private  Howe 
Sergeant  Moore 
CMour^Se^peant  OavaBOiii^ 


Ninth  Meeting,  at  PaddingUm. 
1st  prise  in— 


Ist  match  won  by 
2nd 
3rd 
4th 
6th 
eth 
7th 
Sth 
0th 
10th 


It 
II 


II 
II 


II 
II 


II 
II 


II 

II 


II 
II 


II 
II 


II 

It 


Uth 
12th 

13th 
14th 


II 


II 
II 


II 
fl 


II 


u 
>l 


If 


Oorporal  Brewster 

Private  Maddocks 

Private  Thome 

Private  Helmrick 

Gunner  Mason 

Corporal  Baker 

G.  Nash  (Naval  Brigade 

Private  Slade 

Corpoiul  Tinlay 

Representative  of  No..  1  Com< 

pany,  Sydney  Battalion 
Mr.  Brownlow 
Mr.  McDonnell  (large  tore 
Mr.  Compton  (small  bore) 
Mr.  Small 
Captain  Richards 


244 


RIFLE  MATCHES. 


15th  (Si  pounden)  won  by  Corporal  Wiblen 
lethCNftval  BrigBde) ....    T.  verrell 
17th (Cadets)           ....    T.  OUl 
18th     „  „        Captain  Richards 

November  28,  29,  and  80,  1860. 


Tenth  Meeting,  at  Paddingtan. 
let  prize  in — 

let  match  won  by Lieut.  Stron^if 

2nd    ff          I,        ....  ,,      Strongf 

Srd    „          „        ....  Private  AepLDall 

4th     „          , „      Madden 

5th     „          yf        „      Douglas 

6th     „          „        ....  Sergeant  Frazer 

7th     „          ,,        ....  Gunner  Arnold 

8th     „          ,,        ....  Sells,  A.6. 

9th     „          , Serireant  Frazer 

10th     „          ,,        Mr.  Hellyer 

nth     „          „       Representatives  Sydney  Bat 

12th     „          „        Mr.  Brownlow 

13th     „          „        ....  Mr.  Slade  (large  bore) 

Mr.  Qee  (small  bore) 

14th     „          „        Mr.  Dangar 

15th     „          „        Dr.  Glennie 

10th   (82  pounden) Corporal  Coughlan 

17th  (Naval  Brigade) ....  Li  eut.  Deloitte 

18th  (Cadets)  „        ....  Sergeant  Fletcher ' 

19th     „          Private  aegg 

There  was  also  an  International  Match,  England, 
Ireland,  iScotland,  and  Australia ;  five  representatives 
each,  for  a  trophy  and  £5.  Won  by  the  English  rep- 
resentatives. 

November  28,  24,  25,  and  26, 1870. 

Eleventh  Meeting,  at  Padiington. 
1st  prise  In — 

1st  match  won  by  ....  Ensign  D'Arrietta 

2Dd    „  „  ..  Private  Qamer 

Srd    „  „        Corporal  Haining 

4th Private  Slade 

6th    „  „        ....  Sergeant  Telfer 

0th     „  „        Corporal  Waddell 

7th    „  „        (no  entrances) 

8th    „  „        Private  Slade 

9th    „  „        ....  „     Hurly 

10th    „  „        (not  flnished] 

nth     „  „        ....  Mr.  Lvnch 

12th    „  „        Captain  Brown  0>urge  bore) 

Mr.  Slade  (small  bore) 

13th  (for  competi- 
tors representing 

ladies)        „        ....  Mrs.  Dancar 

14th    „  , Corporal  Fisher 

15th    „  „        ....  Private  Slade 

16th    „  „        ....         „      Slade 

17th    „  ,,        Lieut.  Amott 

18th  (S2  poiundtf8>  —  Gunner  Hemiman 

19th(NavalBrigade). . . .  Hugh  Murray 

20th  (Cadets)  „        ....  Cadet  Rankin 

21st     „  „        ....  Private  Denning 

International  rifle  match  between  England,  Ireland, 
Scotland,  and  Australia,  for  a  trophy.  Won  by  Irish 
representatives. 

November  21,  22,  28,  24,  and  26, 1871. 

Twelfth  Meeting,  at  Paddington. 
Ivt  prixe  in — 

1st  match  won  by  —  Ensign  D'Arrietta 

2&d     „        „        ....  Private  Freeman 

Srd     „         , Sergeant  Brownlow 

4th     „         , Ensign  George 

6th     „         „        —  Private  Ouantock 

6th     „         „        —         „      M'Gook 

7th  (Cadets)  —         „      Hungerford  (S.0.8.) 

8th  match  won  by Captain  Boake 

9th (82 pounders)  ....  Sergeant Aggar 
10th  ^avL  Brigade 

abort  Henry)    ....  E.  Golden 
nth  (NavL  Brigade 

82  pounder)     —  Geoige  Walbura 

12th  match  won  by  —  Representatives  Sydney  Bat 

IStb    „         „        ....  Lieutenant  Strong 

ti«K  S  Staff  Major  JaoqueB 

kwx   ..         ..       ....  -J Sergeant (Jee 


15th  match  won  by ....    Senpeant  Gee 
leth    .,         „        ....    Enrign  M'Cutchoon 
International  match  between  England,  Ireland,  Sooa:uid, 
and  Australia  for  trophy  was  won  by  the 
tives  of  Ireland. 

December  8,  4,  5,  6,  and  7, 1872. 

ThirtMnXh  Meeting,  at  Paddington, 

1st  prize  in— 


t* 


Ist  match  won  by 

2nd 

Srd 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th  (for  recruits)     . . . 

8th  (Cadets) 
.0th  (carbines)         ... 
10th  (32  pounders)  . . . 
nth  (Navl.  Brigade 

uiort  Henry)    . . . 
12th  (Navl.  Brigade 

82  pounders) 


Private  Sherrtog 

„      Somervule 
Captain  Boake 
Private  Donald 
Sergeant  Unsl^ 

„        GilBn 
J  Private  Lane 
(      „      LotUn 
Sergeant  Hunt 
Gunner  Warren 
Corporal  Wise 

J.  Klllian 


>t 


w_ ,, ,    C.  p.  Lawrence 

13th  match  won  by ... .    Representatives  of  Noarthem 

Battalion 

14th    „         „        Corporal  Hawthorne 

15th    „  „        . . . .    S.  Ljmch 

16th    „         „        . . . .    S.  Lynch 

17th    .,         Lieutenant  Johnstone 

International  match— England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and 
Australia,  prize  £14,  for  trophies.  Winner»— Austnlian 
teauL 
October  7,  8,  9, 10,  and  11, 1878. 

Fourteenth  Meeting,  at  Paddington, 

1st  prize  in- 
let match  won  by  ....    Private  Sherring 
2nd     „         „        ....         „      Henderson 
Srd     „         „        ....         „      Somerville 
4th     „         „        ....         „      Wilson 
5th      „         „        ....    Sergeant  Law 

6th      „         „        Private  Sellar 

7th     , Privates  Rice  and  WatscA 

8th  (Cadet)             ....    Cadet  Fahner 
0th  match  won  by  ....    Private  Freeman 
10th r      J-  ^^'^ 

International  match — Knglana,  Ireland,  Soothnd,  and 
Australia,  prize  £10,  for  trophies  for  winoeis.  Winnen 
—Irish  team. 

IrUereolonial  Small  Bore  Match. 

New  South  Wales  s«!ored  1225. 

Victoria  gave  up  the  match  without  concluding  It 

Intereohnial  MUitary  Mctteh, 

Victoria 1591 

New  South  Wales 1581 

Victoria  winning  by  10  points. 
November  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  and  7, 1874. 

Fifteenth  Meeting,  at  Paddington. 

Ist  prize  in— 
1st  match  won  by  ....    Private  Lvnch 
2nd     „         „        ....    Sergeant  M'GaftJrey 
Srd     „         „        ....    Ensign  Cork 
4th      „         „        ....    Private  Black 

6th      „         „        Sergeant  Law 

6th      „         „        ....    Private  Douglas 

7th     „         „        Sergeant  Furnish 

8th     „         „        Corporal  Williams 

9th     ,,         „       ....    Private  Lynch 
10th(TAe  Townand 

Country  Prize)    . .    Captain  H.  J.  Browne 
nth  match  won  by Gunner  OahiU 

International  match— England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and 
Australia,  prize  £15,  for  trophies  for  winning  team. 
Winners— Australian  team. 
Artillery  garriscm  gun  match  . .    Seneant  Henesi 

Naval  Brigade  garrison  gun D.  M'Nichel 

18th  match  Sydney  Mau  Cup . .    Bergeaat  T.  Lav 

October,  187& 


RIFLE  MATCHES. 


245 


SKxte^nih  Xesting,  at  Paddiiigton, 
IstpiiMin — 


1st  match  won  by 


4tti 
6Ui 
<tth 
7th 
8th 
9th 
10th 


>( 
t» 
It 
tt 
»» 
»f 

it 
tt 


f> 
If 
»i 
It 
II 
•I 
I* 
II 


Captain  Fftirell 
PriTatd  Wholahan 
Oaptafai  Brown 
Ooiponkl  Quantock 
Private  Dnnkwater 
Lieutenant  Fraier 
Cadet  Thorne 
Sergeant  Furnish 
Private  Clarke 
Wilson 


It 


Intercolonial  match— ^iglish,  Irish,  Scotch,  and  Anstrir 

Uan  teams.    Winners— Australian  team. 
Artillerv  garrison  gun . .    Seigeant-Halor  Mitchell 
Naval  Bngade  gamson  gun  . .    A.  Johnson,  A.B. 

October  81  and  November  1,  2,  8,  and  4, 1876. 

Seventeenth  Meeting,  at  PaddingUm. 

1st  prise  in — 

. .    Private  T.  Sharpe 
. .    Corporal  Hall 
,*       Cray 
. .    Private  Sharp 
„      Manninff 
Hon.  Member  Marks 
. .    Corporal  Murray 
..    Sergeant  Sheridiui 
International  matdi- England,  Ireland.  Scotland,  and 
Australia,  prise  £80,  for  trophies    Winners— Scotch 


1st  match 

won  by 

Snd     „ 

II 

8rd      „ 

II 

4th      „ 

II 

6th      „ 

II 

eth     „ 

•» 

7th      „ 

It 

8th     ,, 

_    It    _ 

ArtOlery  garrison  gun  match. .  Gunner  Armitage. 
Naval  Bngade  gun  match T.  Batlejr,  AlB. 

October  10, 11»  18,  and  13, 1877. 

Eighteenth  Meeting^  at  PaddingUm. 


1st  prise  in — 
1st  match  won  by 
2nd 
8rd 
4th 


II 
It 
II 


II 
II 
I* 


If 
II 
It 


II 


»t 
II 


6th 

6th 

7th 

8th    ,,  ,,  .  • . . 

Mh  International      — 

Artillery  sarrison  gun 

Naval  Brigade  (do.).. 
ISth  match  won  by  .... 
14th  Aggregate  .... 

l&th  Challenge  Bugle — 
16th  The  wJker  Trophy 

won  by  .... 

17th  mat<»  wmi  by    — 

18th  Consolation        

Sydney  Mad  Prise    .... 
Tanon  and  Country  Jnur- 

fial(do.)  — 


Corporal  Sherring 
Corporal  Quantock 
A.  B.  Pahner,  Naval  Brig'de 
Private  H.  J.  Holme  (medal 

winner) 
Seigt.  Illmffworth 
Sciyt.  Dubberlin 
Sergt  Wade 

Mr.  Keating  (Hon.  Mem.) 
England 
(Not  fired) 

Ashe  and  Smith  (hits) 
Private  Millard 
Corporal  Craig 
(Not  completed) 

Na^-al  Brigade  (Na  1  Co.) 
Corpoial  F.  Cork 
Private  R.  Laoey 
Seigt  Baxter 

Bombadier  Lancaster  (Vic) 


Winnere  e,f  the  Xaticnal  RifU  Ateociation^t  Medal. 

Private  Wyndham   1861  Lieutenant  Strong  . .  1870 

Oorponl  niUIips 1862    Sergeant  Oee 1871 

Private  Wickham  1863    Private  O'Brien 1872 

C.  Roberts   ....  1864  „       Somerville   ..  1873 

Brewster 1865       „       Wilson  1874 

Hooison    1866       „       Black 1875 

Phillips 1867  Corporal  Quantock  ..  1876 

Slade 1868    Private  Sharpe 1877 

Maddocks 1869  Private  H.  J.  Holme     1878 

Centennial  International. 

AmericanTeam 8126 

Irish  „ 8104 

Scottish        8068 

Australian 8662 

Ctoadian 2023 

Names  of  Representatives  of  Australian  Team  were  Slade, 
Oee,  King,  Smith,  Draper,  Lynch,  Sleep,  and  Wardlll, 
8q>tember  14, 15, 1876. 

Mr.  J.J.  Slade  was  top  scorer,  and  received  a  Qold  Medal. 


INTEBCOLONUL. 

New  South  Waiee  v.  Vietoria. 

For  a  Challenge  Shield,  to  be  won  three  years  in  succession. 

First  Match.— Shot  at  Melbourne,  10  members  aside ; 
distances  200,  300,  600,  600, 700,  800,  and  000  yaids. 

Victoria,  total  number  of  points  scored      . .    1431 
New  South  Wales        „  „  ..    1405 

New  South  Wales  thus  winning  by  64  points. 

New  South  AVales  representatives  were  Dickson,  Hellyer, 

Lynch,  Sharp,  Wyndham,  Ounpbell,  Bayner,  Strong, 

Windeyer,  and  Webb. 
Victorian  representatives  wereM'Naugfaton,  Sleep,  Frost, 

Wright,  Peterson,  Doog^las,  M'Ewen,  Templeton,  Cole, 

andRedclUre.    November  3, 1862. 

Second  Match,  shot  at  Sydney. 

New  South  Wales,  total  number  of  points . .    1768 
Victoria  „  „  ..    1712 

New  South  Wales  winning  by  46  points. 

New  South  Wales  representatives  were  Campbell,  S^mtg, 
Rayner,  Roberts,  Hoidem,  Phillips,  Sharp,  Brownlow, 
Wyndham,  and  Dickson. 

Victorian  representatives  were  Couchman,  M'Clnre,  Tem- 
pleton,  FUwcett,  Sleep,  M'Naughton,  Middlemiss,  New- 
lands,  M'Curtney,  and  Cole.  October  15, 16, 17, 1863. 

Third  Match,  shot  at  Sandridge,  Victoria. 

Victoria,  total  number  of  points  scored     . .    1021 
New  South  Wales       „  ,.  ..    U04 

Victoria  winning  by  17  points. 

Victorian  representatives  were  Couchman,  Sargood, 
M'Naughton,  M*Cartney,  Cole,  Templeton,  Douglass, 
Middlemiss,  Rede,  and  M'Ewen. 

New  South  Wales  representatives  were  Sharp,  Lynch, 
Richards,  Rayner,  Slade,  Dickson,  Smith,  Strong, 
Brownlow,  and  West    November  14, 16, 16, 1864. 

Fourth  Match,  shot  at  Paddington,  N.aW. 

Victoria,  total  number  of  points  scored     . .    2126 
New  South  Wales       „  „  ..    2201 

New  South  Wales  winning  by  76  points. 

Victorian  represent^ives  were  Rede,  Cole,  Fasroett, 
J.  K,  Fawcett,  J.  W.,  Middlemiss,  M'Oulney,  John- 
son, Rainsford,  Muuiby,  Douglas.  September  14,  15, 
16,1866. 

Fifth  Match,  shot  at  Sandridge,  Victoria. 

New  South  Wales,  total  number  of  points . .    2208 
Victoria  „  „  ..    2113 

New  Sooth  Wales  winning  by  00  points. 

Representatives  of  New  South  Wales  were  Slade,  Linsley, 
wickham,  Rayner,  Brownlow,  Lynch,  Dickson,  Hor- 
dern,  Shsdrp,  and  Strong. 

Representatives  of  Vlctorm  were  Fawoett,  W.  J.,  M'Clure, 
Templeton,  Macartney,  Johnson,  Lacey,  M'Naughton, 
Mumby,  Rede,  and  Walker.    December  6,  7,  8, 1866. 

Sixth  Match,  shot  at  Paddington,  N  S.W. 

New  South  Wales,  total  number  of  points . .    2442 
Victoria  „  „  ..    2876 

New  South  Wales  winning  by  67  points,  and  thus  gaining 

the  Shield. 

Representatives  of  New  South  Wales  were  Rayner, 
Bushelle,  Compton,  Ljmeh,  Gee,  Slade,  Linsley,  Smith, 
Beaumont,  and  Brownlow. 

Representatives  of  Victoria  were  FUwoett,  M'Naughton, 
walker,  Watson,  Mumby,  Christopherson,  Templeton, 
Couchman,  M'Clure,  and  Lacey.    Dec  26,  27,  28, 1867. 

Mr.  J.  Bushelle,  of  the  New  South  Wales  Team,  won 
the  championship,  December  23, 1867. 

Seventh  Match,  shot  at  Sandridge  Butts  (Victoria). 

Victoria,  total  number  of  points  scored     . .    1166 

New  South  Wales       „  „  ..    1119 

Victoria  winning  by  87  points. 
Victorian  representatives  were  King,  Wardlll,  Watson, 

Templeton,  Draper,  Lacey,  Sleep,  uid  Miles. 
New  South  Wales  representatives  were  Slade,  Brownlow, 

Maddocks,  Cooper,  Lynch,  Gee,  Strong,  and  Bushelle, 

November  12, 1878. 


246 


BJOTSL 


ESghUi  Hatch  (HUitufy  BiflesX  dkot  ftt  Suidridge,  Victoria. 
Kew  South  Walea,  total  number  of  points  . .    1686 
Victoria  «  »  ..    1521 

New  Zealand  ,,  „  ..    1483 

Mi^Jority  for  New  South  WjOee  over  Victoria  66 

y.  ..  N.Z.   . .  8S 

NoTWnber  18, 1878. 


f» 


msth  Match  (MQItary  RlfleeX  ahot  fai  Melbourne. 

..    9025 
..    1948 


fiDtoria,  total  number  of  polnte  eoored 
New  South  Wales 


If  t> 

Vteloria  winning  by  82  pobits,  Norember  11, 1876. 

Tenth  Match,  shot  with  Match  Rifles  In  Melbourne. 

Victoria,  total  number  of  points  soond      . .    1229 
Ifew  South.  Wales       „  ,.  ..    1182 

Victoria  winning  by  47  points,  November  U,  1875. 


Hofinth  Match,  shot  at  Paddington>  N.&W. 

MartinL  Beniy.  T6ta]. 

Victoria..         ..     2266  2201  4467 

Nmt  South  Wales  2140  2161  4801 

Victoria  winning  with  both  weapons. 

RIOTS. 

Ab  iiunirrection  of  priBoners,  250  strcmg,  and 
armttd  with  mu^ets,  Droke  out  at  Castle  Hill, 
near  Parramatta.  They  were  defeated  in  15 
MiiwteB  hr  Major  Johnston,  of  the  N.S.W. 
eorn,  with  24  men.  67  insurgents  feU  in  the 
flela,  and  10  were  tried  and  hai^^ed.    March  4, 

A  serious  disturbance  took  place  between  the 
military  and  the  lower  clan  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Sydney,  the  former  treating  with  disdain  and 
inaut  the  native  youth  of  toe  colony  and  the 
priaoners  ;  and  a  crisis  was  eventually  brought 
sAMWi  by  a  party  of  soldiers  armed  with  blvd- 
gecms  and  bayonets  rushing  into  the  cottages  of 
some  of  the  citizens  and  d^gerously  wounding 
a  number  of  persons.  The  consequence  was  that 
the  soldiers  were  disarmed  and  not  allowed  to 
go  abroad  after  sundown.     1825. 

Another  disturbance  between  the  military 
and  citizens  occurred  at  Sydney,  when  one 
oiviliaa  was  killed  and  two  wounded.  Three 
soldiers  were  tried,  in  connection  with  the  oc- 
currence, for  manslaughter,  and  one  of  them  was 
found  guilty.     1828. 

A  collision  between  the  police  and  some 
seamen  of  H.M.S.  "Favourite,"  then  in  port,  oc- 
cuived  in  Sydney.  About  50  of  the  sailors  had 
leave  of  absence  for  48  hours;  a  disturbance 
look  place  between  them  and  some  civilians  in 
the  tneatre ;  after  a  severe  struggle  a  great 
anmber  of  persons  were  taken  to  the  lock-up, 
amongst  whom  were  10  of  the  man-of-wars 
men.  Next  morning  all  but  two  were  dismissed. 
IPhese  were  remanded  to  their  ship,  but  instead 
of  being  conveyed  there  they  were  taken  to  the 
watch-house.  Their  mates,  hearing  of  the  cir- 
cumstance, went  with  about  300  of  the  town 
mob,  to  the  watch-house,  in  Cumberland-street, 
where  they  put  to  flight  the  officers  and  made  a 
wreck  of  the  building,  releasing  such  prisoners 
as  were  confined  there;  they  then  proceeded 
to  St.  James's  w«tch-house,  where  they  acted  in 
a  similar  manner,  and  attempted  the  same  at  the 
chief   lock-up,   at  the    comer  oi  George  and 


Dmitt  streets,  bat  witiumt  effect.  Tha  military 
were  called  out,  the  Riot  Act  was  read,  aad  the 
mob  not  dispersing,  blank  cartridges  were  ISred, 
but  no  heed  being  taken  of  it,  and  an  incliaation 
to  violence  beins  manifested,  the  military  fired 
some  rounds  of  ball.  The  mob  then  dispersed, 
but  not  until  one  man  was  shot,  who  died  the 
next  day.     September  6,  1841. 

Capture  of  the  Eureka  Stockade,  Ballant, 
Victoria.  In  consequence  of  dissatisfaction 
among  the  dig^rs  at  the  imposition  of  a  kcKsvy 
license  fee,  resistance  was  offered,  and  a  serious 
riot  took  place.  December  3,  1854.  [The  nuners 
of  Ballarat  were  headed  bv  Peter  Lalor,  as  com* 
mander-in-chief,  Frederick  Vem,  a  Hanoverian 
by  birth,  Carboni  Ra&eUo,  an  Italian,  Alfred 
Black,  James  H.  M'Gill,  Curtain,  Leenan, 
Kenworthy,  John  Lynch,  J.  W.  Esmond,  and 
J.  B.  Humffiray.  Tke  number  of  diggers  who 
took  part  in  defending  the  stockade  was  about 
200.  The  military  and  police  numbered  276. 
Of  these  there  were  117  men  of  the  40th  Regi- 
ment, under  command  of  Captain  Wise,  lieuts. 
Bowdler,  Hall,  and  Gardyne ;  66  men  of  the 
12th  Regiment,  under  command  of  Captain 
Queade  and  lieutenant  Paul  ;  70  mounted 
police  under  command  of  Sub-inspectors  Fun^ey, 
I^mgley,  Chomley,  and  lieutenant  Coasack ; 
and  24  foot  police,  under  Sub-inspector  Carter. 
The  attack  was  made  at  dawn  on  Sunday  morn- 
ing, and  was  led  by  Captain  Thomas,  assisted 
by  Captain  Pasley,  K.E.  The  engagement  lasted 
25  minutes.  The  rebels  fought  well ;  22  were 
killed,  12  wounded,  and  125  taken  prisoners. 
The  loss  of  the  Queen*s  forces  was,  one  killed 
and'  12  wounded.  Captain  Wise,  who  was 
severely  wounded,  died  a  few  days  afterwards. 
Lalor,  who  fought  well,  fell  within  the  stockade, 
and  lost  his  right  arm  in  the  engagement.  He 
however,  escaped,  and  Government  offered  £200 
rewsurd  for  his  capture,  £500  reward  for  the 
capture  of  Vem,  and  £200  reward  for  the  cap- 
ture of  BUck.]  [See  "Mkn  of  The  Time," 
(Lahr,  Hon.  Pet^r).] 

Brutal  onslaught  on  the  Chinamen  of  Lanbing 
Flat,  and  "  roll-up"  of  the  diggers,  amounting  to 
3,000  stronc.  They  perpetrated  many  acts  of 
violence  and  robbery,  as  tearing  the  goods  and 
tents  and  maiming  the  Chinese  in  a  fearful 
manner ;  June^  1861.  The  poUoe  proceeded  to 
the  spot,  and  a  collision  took  place  between 
them  and  the  diffflers.  Troops  were  sent  from 
Sydney  under  Colbnel  Kempt.    July,  1861. 

W.  Lupton,  a  digger,  who  was  mortally 
wounded  at  Lambing  Flat,  during  the  afi&ay 
with  the  police,  was  interred  with  military 
honours  by  his  fellow  diggers,  July,  1861. 

The  mibtary  ordered  to  the  place  to  quell  the 
riot.  Royal  Artillery,  2  officers  and  42  m^ ; 
Infantry,  7  officers  and  123  men;  Police 
(mounted),  21.  The  Hon.  Charles  Cowper, 
Premier,  proceeded  to  the  Flat.    July,  1861. 

Ten  of  the  Lambing  Flat  rioters  -w^an  tried  at 
the  Cronlbum  Circuit  Court,  and  acquitted. 
September,  1861.  [William  Spicer  afterwards 
convicted  and  imprisoned  in  Berrima  Gaot  for 
taking  part  in  the  riot.] 


BIOU— MVERS. 


247 


Kiot  amongrt  the  fenude  inmates  of  the  (refor- 
mstory)  Industrial  School  at  Newcastle,  Janu- 
ary 7,  1871. 

Rev.  Mr.  Portus  lectured  in  the  School  of 
AitB»  Ipswich,  on  Martin  Luther.  The  Roman 
Catholics  attacked  the  Hall,  snd  Captain  Town- 
ley »  P.M.,  read  the  Biot  Act ;  several  persons 
were  scTerely  injured.     Noyemher  12,  1874. 

Biot  between  Custom  House  oificials  and  em- 
ploy^ of  Stevenson  and  Sons  (soft-goods  mer- 
chants), Flinder's  Lane,  Melbourne,  Apr.  15, 1876. 

A  disturbance  created  in  Hyde  Park,  Sydney, 
on  account  of  Pastor  Allen's  preaching,  March 
10,  1878. 

The  Hyde  Park  (Sydney)  rioters  committed 
for  trial,  Apil  4,  187& 

The  Hyde  Park  riot  case  terminated  by  the 
conviction  of  two  prisoners,  the  Attorney-Gen- 
eral not  praying  for  judgment.    May  29,  1878. 

A  distnrrance  took  ^ace  at  the  Association 
Cricket  Ground,  Sydney,  on  the  occasion  of  the 
return  match  between  the  New  South  Wales 
eleven  and  the  Gentlemen  of  EngUnd.  The 
mob,  objecting  to  the  Umpire  for  the  Enfiiish 
team,  refused  to  allow  the  play  to  proceed.  Feb^ 
8,  1879.  The  plav  was  stopp^  but  resumea 
on  the  Monday  following. 

RIOU,  Captain  Edward.  H.M.S.  "Guar- 
dian,'* 44  guns,  Captain  Edward  Riou,  having 
on  board  a  large  stock  of  provisions  for  the 
colony  of  New  South  Wales,  struck  against  an 
iceberg  to  the  S.  and  E.  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  and  was  so  much  injured  that  the  greater 
part  of  her  valuable  cargo  was  thrown  over- 
board ;  most  of  the  passeneers  and  crew  left  her 
in  five  boats,  when  they  thought  she  was  sink- 
ing. Riou  remained  with  his  ship  but  gave 
them  despatches  for  the  Admiralty,  and  en- 
treated that  the  country  would  protect  and 
provide  for  his  sister.  December  23,  1790. 
[Four  of  the  boats  were  never  heard  of; 
the  third,  after  great  privation,  reached  the 
Mauritius,  but,  meanwhile,  the  ''Guardian** 
was  fallen  in  with  by  a  French  frigate,  towed 
into  Table  Bay,  and  the  gallant  Riou  was  saved 
to  perish  by  a  more  o^orious  death,  having  been 
afterwards  killed  at  Copenhagen.] 

RIVERS. 

The  Hunter,  discovered  by  Lieutenant  ^lort- 
land,  1797. 

Lieutenant  -  Colonel  Paterson,  lieutenant 
Grant,  and  Mr.  Harris  visited  the  Hunter  River, 
landed,  and  named  Coal  Island,  Colliers'  Island, 
Mangrove  Creek,  Green  Hill,  Schank's  Forest 
Plains,  Mount  Anne,  Mount  Elizabeth,  Kind's 
Ranges,  Mount  Harris,  Mount  Grant.  Mr. 
Barralier  sur\'eyed  portion  of  the  Hunter  River. 
June  14  to  July  17,  1801. 

The  Macquarief  New  South  Wales,  named  by 
G.  W.  Evans,  December,  1813. 

The  Hastings,  New  South  Wales,  discovered 
byOxley,  1818. 

Penal  settlement  formed  on  the  Hastings  at 
Port  Macquarie,  1822. 


The  CaaUermgh  diaoovered  by  Ozley,  July, 
1818w 

The  Alligator,  North  Australia,  explored  by 
Kmff,  1818. 

Tne  Brisbane,  explored  and  named  by  Oxley, 
1822. 

Hie  Ooulbum,  discovered  by  Lawson,  1823. 

The  Murrumbidgee,  discovered  by  Captain 
Currie  and  Major  Ovens,  June  1,  1823. 

The  Murray  crossed  by  Hamilton  Hume  and 
party,  November  17,  1824.  [A  monument  on 
the  banks  of  the  river,  at  Alburv,  has  been 
erected  "  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  Hume  River, 
in  honour  of  Hamiltcm  Hume,"  in  commemora- 
tion of  the  event.] 

The  OouUmm  crossed  by  Hume  and  Hovell, 
December  3,  1824. 

The  Began  discovered  by  Stnrt,  1829. 

The  Bogan  traced  by  Dixon,  1833. 

The  Qlmelg  discovered  by  Mitchell,  July  31, 
1835. 

The  Richmond  discovered,  1842. 

The  Dawson  explored  by  Leichhardt  and 
party,  1844. 

The  A  Ibert  discovered  by  AV  ickham  and  Stokes, 
1844. 

The  Bogan  reached  by  Mitchell,  1845. 

The  Burdekin  discovered  by  Leichhardt,  1845. 

The  MaxkenzU  discovered  by  Leichhardt,  1845. 

The  Burdekin  reached  by  lioichhardt  Search 
Expedition,  under  A.  C.  Gregory,  1866. 

The  Murrumbidgee  ascend^  by  Captain  Fran- 
cis Cadell,  in  the  steamer  *'  Albury,"  September, 
1858. 

The  Maitkmd  discovered  by  Mr.  F.  Gregory, 
1861. 

The  Lyons  discovered  by  Gregory,  1861. 

The  Ashburton  discovered  by  Gregory,  1861. 

The  Ooulburn  navigated  from  Echuca  to  Sey- 
mour by  the  steamer  "  Bunyip,"  April  30,  1878. 

The  Mary  named,  in  honour  of  Lady  Mary 
Fitzroy,  wife  of  Sir  Charles  Augustus  Fitzroy. 
1854. 

LSNOTH  OF. 

New  South  WaUt, 

Miles. 
Darling,  from  Bourke 

to  Murray  Junction  1,000 


Tafihlan 

Murmmbidgee 

Mumj 

Namoi 

Bogan 

Owydir 

Banron 

Castlereagfa  .. 


Yarm  Yanna. 

Ctoullmni 

Olenelg 

Loddon 

Wimmera 


M*Int]rre 
Warrego 
700       Macquarie 

1,850       Hawkeebniy 

2,400       Hunter 
eoo       Shoolharen  . 
460       Clarence 
445       Macleaj 
610       Ricliinond 
366       Manning 

Vieti^rim. 

90       AToca. . 
230       Hopkins 
206       Wannon 
160       Ovens 
135 


Miles- 
860 

108 
760 
880 

aoo 

860 
240 
100 
120 
100 


130 
110 
106 
lOO 


No  records  are  obtainable  of  tbe  lengths  of  tbe  liveri  in 
South  Australia,  West  Australia,  Queensland,  TMmania| 
or  New  Zealand,  which  are  referred  to  in  other  portions  ol 
this  work.  [See  Aust&allui  Laxd  EzTLOSsas,  for  dis* 
coyeren  and  origin  of  names  of  rivers.] 


248 


ROADS— ROMAN  CATHOLIC. 


TabiiB  of  difltancet  on  the  Mumy. 

MUm. 

Albuxy  to  Ck>rowB 78 

Oorowa  to  Cbllendina 83 

GoUendina  to  Ovens  River        4 

Ovens  River  to  Hell's  Gates U 

Hell's  Gates  to  MulwaUa          0 

MulwaJJa  to  Boomonoonmna 25 

Booinoonoorofini  to  Tocumwall         ..        ..  89 

Tocmnwall  to  Edwards  River 69 

Edwards  River  to  Bamah         17 

Bunah  to  Goulbum  River       80 

Goulbum  River  to  Moaaia       10 

MoBzna  to  Echuca 1^ 

Echuca  to  Perricoota 88 

Perriooota  to  Toorannabby      17^ 

TOorannabby  to  Clump  Bend 01 

Clump  Bend  to  Goon 25 

Goon  to  Murray  Downs 48 

Murray  Downs  to  Swaii  Hin     . .                 , .  2( 

Swan  Hill  to  Tyntyuder 20 

T^ntynder  to  Piaii;r  Hill          28 

Piang  Hill  to  Tooleybuc 

Tooleybuc  to  Bitch  and  Pups 1< 

Bitch  ana  Pups  to  Wakool  Junction . .  Ill 

WakoolJunction  to  Windomal 1( 

Windomal  to  Mumunbidgee  Junction         . .  17^ 

Murrumbid^e  Junction  to  Meilman  . .  42 

Meilman  to  custon         3S 

Euston  to  Gell's  Island 20^ 

Geirs  Island  to  Kl          22 

KI  to  Brett's         21* 

Brett's  to  Tapalen           sl 

Tapalen  to  Carwarp        28 J 

Oarwarp  to  Mallee  Clifff 11 

Mallee  Cliffs  to  Mallee  GlilTs  Station  ..  12 

Malleo  Cliffs  Station  to  Gol  Gol  Creek          . .  15] 

Gol  Gol  to  Mildwra         

Mildwra  to  Cowarra        

Cowarra  to  DorlinK  Junction 12 

Darling  Junction  to  Goolwa 600 

Total— Albury  to  .the  sea  mouth,  at  Lake 
Alexandrina,  where  the  Murray  empties 

itself  into  the  sea       1862 

The  ffreat  river  next  in  importance  is  the  Mumimbidgee, 
1350  miles  in  length.  It  enters  the  Murray  700  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  the  latter.  The  Murrumbicigee  is  navigable, 
except  in  dry  seasons,  up  to  the  township  of  Qundagai, 
670  miles  above  its  Junction  with  the  Murray. 


Table  of  Distances  on  the  Murrumbidgea 

Miles. 

Gundsgai  to  Wagga  Wagga 86 

WaggaWaggatoYarrafrundry  23 

Yarmffundiy  to  Yiorkibitto 48 

Yiorkibitto  to  Grong  Grong 86 

Grong  Qronc:  to  Narrandera 13 

Narianderato  Yanooor  Bedithera    ..  11 

Yanco  to  Yanco  Station 18 

Yanco  to  Gojelderie       IS 

GoielderietoTubbo       15 

Tubbo  to  Oanirbury        34 

GsTarbuTj' to  Currathool  41 

Currathool  to  Burrabogie         S6 

Burrabogie  to  mUUwa 96 

Iimilwato  Hay ,,  U 

HaytoToogambie 39 

1\>ogambie  to  Maude 25 

Maude  to  Lachlan  Junction 44 

Lachlan  Junction  to  Balranald 85 

Balranald  to  Oanally       26 

Oanally  to  Welmby,  Murray  Junction         . .  88 

Total  distance  fh>m  Gundagal  to  Murrum- 
bidgee  Junction 670 

The  Darling  Joins  the  Murray  500  miles  from  the  sea. 
The  Darling  is  a  very  long  river,  and  receive  a  very  large 
number  of  streams  in  its  course.  Its  length  is  estimated 
,  ^  ^'Sf*  "**'««•  Steamers  ply  to  Fort  Bourke,  nearly 
1,000  miles  from  the  Junction  with  the  Murray,  and  they 
trequ«ntly  go  to  Br«warrina»  and  oocanonally  to  Walgett. 


TABU  of  Difltanoes  on  the  DatUi^. 

Fnm  Junction  of  Darling  with  Muzray  to  Kin- 

chega       806 

Klnchega  to  Menindie 1& 

Menindle  to  Pammemeroo       28 

Pammemeroo  to  WUcannia 168 

Wilcannia  to  Fort  Bourke  (neariy)     ..        ..500 

Total  distance  from  Murray  Junction  to  Fort 
Bourke 1000 

ROADS. 

A  road  was  first  made  from  Sydney  to  liver- 
pool,  February  22,  1814.  [Previous  to  this  it 
was  only  a  bush  track  for  equestrians  and  pedes- 
trians, but  not  for  vehicles.] 

A  road  was  constructed  and  opened  over  the 
Blue  MountainSi  January  21,  1815.  [It  was 
constructed  in  the  short  space  of  6  months,  by 
convicts,  who  volunteered,  on  condition  of  re- 
cei\'ing  emancipation  when  the  work  was  com- 
pleted. Mr.  Wm.  Cox,  J. P.,  of  Windsor, 
superintended  the  construction  of  the  road.] 

A  route  from  Richmond  to  the  Bathurst  road, 
over  the  Blue  Mountains,  discovered  and  subse- 
quently surveyed,  May,  1823. 

ROBBERIE&     [^e  Ckimbs.] 

ROBINSON,  Hon.   Lady,     • 

Gold  and  Diamond  bracelet,  presented  by 
Utt  young  Ladks  of  Sydney  to  lAdy  Robinson, 
March  1,  1879. 

Diamond  necklet  and  afternoon  tea-service  of 
silver-gilt,  presented  by  the  Ladies  of  New  South 
Walejtf  to  Lady  Robinson,  Sydney,  Mardi  8, 
1879. 

ROBINSON,  Sir  Hercules  G.  R..  G.C.M.G., 
[See  '*Men  of  the  Time,"  {JioHnson,  Sir 
Hercules),] 

ROCKHAMPTON,  Queensland. 

Made  a  port  of  entry,  October  8,  1858. 

The  first  sale  of  Rockhampton  Town  allot- 
ments took  place  November  17,  1858. 

Rockhampton  i)roclaimed  Municipality,  De- 
cember 15,  18G0. 

First  Circuit  Court  held  April  6,  1863. 

Lighted  with  gas,  December  17,  1874. 

;<  ROLL-UP,"  a  term  applied  by  the  miners 
in  the  various  Diggings  in  Australia,  when  sum- 
moned from  labour,  or  amusement,  to  attend  a 
mass  meeting  for  a  s[jecial  purpose.  The  tenn  is 
now  more  general  in  application. 

ROMA,  QxTESNSLAND,  proclaimed  Municipality 
May  25,  1867. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC. 

The  Rev.  W.  Harold  (the  parish  priest  of  BecuUa,  near 
Dublin,  Ireland)  with  other  persons  who  had  taken 
part  in  the  Irish  rebellion,  arrived  in  New  Sooth 
Wales,  1799. 

The  Rev.  Father  O'Neil  also  sent  out  for  participating  in 
the  rebellion  in  Ireland,  arrived  1800,  recdvedan  early 
pardon,  and  was  recalled,  1802. 

The  First  mass  (it  Is  believed)  was  pwf onned  at  a  hoase 
in  Harring:ton-street,  Sydney,  by  a  priest  who  accom- 
panied the  F)rench  surveying  vessels  "  G^ogn^he**aiMl 
'*  Naturaliste,"  that  arrived  in  the  Ck)lon>  in  1802. 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC. 


249 


Ber.  Ifr.  Dixon  who  had  been  wnt  out  in  1800»  for 
tdUni;  part  in  the  Irish  insurrection,  received  pennis- 
■tonto  perform  IMvine  Service,  April  12, 1808.  [The 
permission  was  given  by  Governor  KInff  to  this 
emancipated  B.C.  Qexgynuin  to  exercise  ms  deiica) 
functions.] 

A  Government  order  appeared,  calling  on  all  professing 
the  RoNman  Catholic  religion  throughout  Mew  South 
Walei  to  attood  at  Government  House,  Parramatta, 
on  April  20, 1803. 

Eogulalions  for  the  services  published  in  the  Sydney 
OauUe,  April  21, 1808. 

First  Meeting  for  Roman  Catholic  Worship  in  Austzmlia. 
The  Bev.  James  Dixon  B.  C.  Cleigyman,  held  Divine 
Service  in  Sydney,  May  15, 1803. 

First  Roman  CMholic  Service  held  in  Pamroatta,  May 
24, 1803.    (Rev.  James  Dixon  left  the  Colony,  1808.] 

The  Rev.  Jeremiah  O'Flynn,  in  the  position  of  Arch- 
Priest,  the  flnt  Catholic  Cleixyman  authorised  by  his 
ChuTcn,  arrived  on  August  3rd,  1817,  in  the  "Dulce  of 
Wellimrton."  but  not  having  the  formal  permission 
from  uie  Imperial  authorities  for  performing  the 
functions  of  his  religion,  he  was  ordered  to  depart,  and 
he  left  accordingly,  November  14,  1817.  (The  matter 
was  brought  before  the  House  of  CommonuB,  the  result 
being,  tJutt  at  the  instance  of  Lord  Bathurst,  two 
Oatholic  Chaplains,  dulv  accredited  with  adequate 
salaries,  were  immediatdy  sent  out  to  the  Colony.] 

Rev.  J.  J.  Therrv,  and  Rev.  Phillip  Connolly  arrived  in 
the  Colony,  1820. 

A  large  meeting  of  the  Roman  Gstholic  inhabitants  (the 
Rev.  Phillip  Connolly  presiding),  was  held  in  the  Court- 
house, witn  a  view  to  devise  measures  for  a  suitable 
Oiitb<Mic  Church,  when  St.  Mary's  Cathedral  was  origi- 
nated at  the  meeting,  July  1, 1820.  [Protestants  as  well 
as  Catholics  subscribed  liberally,  and  when  the  resour- 
ces of  individuals  began  to  fail,  the  Governor  stimu- 
lated their  seal  by  promising  to  give  from  the  public 
coffors  a  sum  equivalent  to  that  which  should  there- 
after be  subscribed]. 

Rev.  PhUUp  Connolly  first  Roman  Oatholic  Chaplain  of 
Van  Diemen's  Land,  landed  there,  March,  1821. 

The  foundation  stone  of  St.  Maiy's  Cathedral,  Sydney, 
laid  by  Governor  Maoquarie,  October  20, 1821. 

FIrrt  R  C.  School  established  in  the  Colony,  1822. 

Rev.  Daniel  Power  arrived,  N  S.W.,  1826. 

Rev.  J.  V.  Dowling  arrived  N.S.W.,  1820. 

Rev.  William  UlUkthome,  D.D.,  arrived  in  New  South 
Wales,  Febraaiy.  1832. 

Rev.  John  M'Encroe  (afterwards  Archdeacon)  arrived 
in  the  Colony  with  the  appointment  of  Roman  Catholic 
Chaplain,  1832. 

R^t  Reverend  John  Bode  Folding,  Bishor*  of  Hlero- 
GiBsarea  and  Vicar- Apostolic  of  the  Australian  Colonies, 
arrived  in  the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  September 
13, 1886 ;  his  inaugumtion  took  place  at  St.  Mary's, 
September  20, 1836. 

8t  Mazy's  Cathedral  oonsecmtedby  Archbishop  Folding, 
Jane  29, 1836. 

General  meeting  of  Roman  Catholic  community  called  by 
plaourds  to  Uko  into  consideration  a  speech  of  Mr. 
Justice  ^\  nils,  at  the  Diocesan  dinner,  in  which  he 
alleged  that  the  Roman  Catholic  religion  was  idola- 
trous ;  resolutions  embodying  a  vote  of  censure  were 
passed  upon  the  Judge.    July  20, 1838. 

Dr.  Ullathome,  the  Roman  Catholic  Vicar-General,  re- 
turned to  the  Colony  by  the  ship  "  Francis  Spaignt.'* 
He  was  accompanied  by  three  Pnestsand  five  Sisters  of 
Charitv.  They  were  the  first  of  this  order  who 
arrived  In  the  Colony.   December  30, 1838. 

Roman  Catholic  Missionary  Society  established  in  New 

Zealand.  1838. 
Rev.  PhiUip  ConnoUy  died  in  V.D.L. ,  1880. 
The  foundation  stone  of  St.  Frands'  Roman  Catholic 

Church,  Melbourne  laid,  October  4, 1841. 

The  first  peal  of  bells  in  the  Colony,  arrived  for  St. 
Mary's  Cathedral,  1842. 

Dr.  Folding  returned  to  Sydney,  In  the  ship  "Templar," 
March  9, 1848. 

Fhrst  peal  of  bells  in  the  Colonv  of  New  South  Wales 
heaid  from  tower  of  St.  Mary's  Roman  Catholic  Cath- 
edral, January  1, 1844. 

The  foundation  stone  of  the  Roman  Oatholic  Oiurch  of 
St.  Patrick  Udd  by  the  Archbishop  of  Sydney,  August 
25, 1840,  and  dedicated  March  17, 1844. 


The  GuUd  of  St  Maiy  and  St.  Joseph  established  In 
Sydney,  June  8, 1846. 

St.  Francis's  Church,  Lonsdale-street,  Melbourne,  opened 
October  4, 1846. 

St.  Patrick's  Church  In  Sydney  opened,  1840. 

St  Patrick's  Cathedral,  Melbourne,  commenced.  [Ex- 
treme length,  346  feel ;  the  two  towers,  226  feet  in 
height ;  lantern  tower  and  spire,  330  feet ;  width  of 
nave,  76  feet ;  transepts,  100  feet]    1868. 

St.  Maiy's  Cathedral  destroyed  by  fire,  June  20, 1866. 

Fbundation  stone  of  St  Maiy's  New  Cathedral  laid  by 
Archbishop  Folding,  assisted  by  the  Roman  Oatholic 
^shopeoiMaitland^  Bathurst,  Goulbum,  and  Enos, 
December  8. 1868. 

Boman  Catholic  (Cathedral,  Armidale,  opened  February 
2,  1872. 

Dr.  Beynolds,  Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Adelaide,  conse- 
cmted,  November  2, 1873. 

New  Cathedral  at  Goulbum,  opened ;  the  Archbishop 
of  Sydney,  three  Bishops  and  twenty  Priests  present 
November  17, 1872. 

Coadlutor-Archbishop  Vaughan,  B.  C.  C,  arrived  in 
Sydney,  December  16, 1873. 

New  College  opened  at  Goulbum,  N  S.W ,  Feb.,  1, 1874. 

Melbourne  declared  an  Archbishopric,  Bight  Rev.  J.  A. 
Goold,  first  Archbishop,  May  4, 1874. 

St  Stephen's  Cathedral,  Brisbane,  opened  by  Archbishop 
Vaughui  and  other  Bishops,  May  17, 1874. 

Decon^on  of  Hon.  P.  A.  Jennings  with  order  of  St 
Gregory  the  Great  at  St  Mary's,  Sydney,  June  29, 
1874. 

Bev.  Dr.  Ckni  presented  with  a  purse  of  450  sovereigns 
upon  leaving  Brisbane  to  visit  Europe,  November  8, 
1874. 

Installation  of  Right  Rev.  Dr.  O'Connor,  Roman  Catholic 
Bishop  of  Ballarat,  January  20, 1876. 

St.  John's  College,  Sj'dney,  reopened ;  inaugural  address 
by  Archbishop  Vaughan,  April  7, 1876. 

Installation  of  Bight  Rev.  Dr.  Crane,  Roman  Catholic 
Bishop  of  Sandhurst,  Victoria,  May  13, 1876. 

New  Hall,  H.  C.  Guild,  opened  in  Sydney,  by  Archbishop 
Vauffhan,  October  16, 1870. 

Sacred  Heart  Presentation  Convent,  Sydney,  opened  by 
Archbishop  Vaughan,  November  10,  1876.  (The 
Bishops  of  Maitland,  Goulbum  and  Bathurst,  were 
also  present.)    November  10, 1876. 

Death  of  Archbishop  Folding,  March  16,  1877.  [Public 
Funeral  was  accorded  to  this  distinguished  prelate, 
after  the  usual  lying-in-state,  during  which  the 
chamber  were  the  remains  lay  was  thronged  by 
masses  of  visitors.  The  funeral  was  one  of  the  largest 
ever  witnessed  in  N.S.W. ;  20,000  persons  present] 

Archbishop  Vaughan  invested  with  the  pallium  and 
other  insignia  OT  his  office  as  Archbishop  of  Sydney, 
at  St  Mary's  Cathodral,  January  13,  1878 

The  Vcr}'  Rev.  Elzear  Torreeiani,  Superior  of  the  Capu- 
chin Monastery  at  Lower  Park-road,  Peckham,  nomi- 
nated to  the  Bishopric  of  Armidale,  Australia,  1870. 

List  op  (TutROTHnr. 
ArehbtMhopi  and  Bith^pi. 


Diooese. 

Nome  of  Bishop. 

Con. 

ArchbUh<tp$. 

1878 

Svdney 

Melbourne 

Roger  Bede  Vaughan . .     . . 

1848 

James  A.  Gould 

Bithopt. 

Adelaide      

C.  A.  Reynolds     

1870 

Auckland 

John  P.  Clareyse 

Elzear  Torregiani 

1873 

Armidale 

1870 

Ballarat       

Michael  O^Connor 

1874 

Bathurst     

Matthew  Quinn 

1865 

Brisbane     

James  O'Quinn      

1860 

Dunedln      

Patrick  Moran       

18&d 

Goulbum 

William  Lannigan        . .     . . 

1867 

Hobart  Town     . .     . . 

Daniel  Murphy      

1846 

Maitland     

Jomes  Murray       

1866 

Perth 

Martin  Griver      

1870 

PortVictoria     ..     .. 

Rudesind  Sal  vado 

1850 

Sandhurst 

Martin  Crone 

1674 

WeUington 

Fras.  M.  Redwood       . .     .  • 

1874 

250 


SOMAN  GATSOLIC. 


OP  Smnr. 

Ambromli,  Bev.  A. St.  Ylnoent's,  C6aT\  S^fdaejr 

Athy,  Rev.  H  E.  St.  Ftancia'  £^daey 

Birch,  Rev.P. Hartley 

GaUAchor,  Sev.  H.  B. Ifoniya 

GMridy,  Bar.  P.  M. St.  Benedict*!,  ^[dn^ 

GarroUy  Rev.  J.  J. Moant  Guine],  watcriDO 

Oarroll,  Rev.  P St.  F&trick'B,  Pununatta 

CoUetti,  Rev.  Dr. St  Thomaa',  Petenbam 

Cunningrham,  Rev.  J. Ounden 

Carr,  Bev.  B. Subiaoo.  Aaramatta 

Colliiis,  Rev.  J Sacred  Heart,  Sydney 

Colli  Qgrid^re,  Rev.  C  P.  F. . .  St.  Blary's,  Sydney 

Dalton,  Rev.  J Lane  Gove  River 

B'Arcy,  Rev.  M. Shoalhaven 

Dillon,  Rev.  O.  F. St.  Aufl^usUne'e,  Balmain 

Dwyer,  Rev.  MO Rosebuik,  Fivedock 

Fitipatrick,  Rev  J.  P. St.  Joeepfa'a,  Newtown 

Flanagan,  Very  Rev.  Dean. .  St.  Xavier'a,  WoQoqgong 
Forde,  Very  Rev.  Dean  ....  St.  Harm's,  SydiM^ 

Fleminff,  Rev.  J St.  Fraode*,  Sydn^ 

Foley,  Rev.  J St.  Patrick's,  Sydney 

Garavel,  Rev.  J.  M. St.  Cbarlea,  Wavecl^ 

Garv^,  Rev.  J.  J WooUahra 

Oillett,  Very  Rev.  A.  W St  John's  College,  Sydney 

Govgh,  Rev.  M. St  Joseph's,  Newtown 

HalUnan,yeryRv.  Dr.  (Dean)  ilanly  Beach 

Hanley,  Very  Rev.  Dean Penrith 

Hayes,  Rev.  J Kiama 

Healy,  Rev.  P Bega 

Hewitt,  Rev.  P. Appin  and  Picton 

Beuxe,  Rev.  C St  Patrick's,  Sydn^ 

Joly,  very  Rev.  CM. Villa  Maria,  Hunter's  HDl 

Keating,  Bev.  T.  W. Bombala 

Kelly,  Rev.  J Lane  Gove  River 

Kelly,  Rev.  W Lane  Cove  River 

Kennedy,  Rev Lane  Cove  River 

Keoghan,  Rev.  M Kiama 

Kenny,  Very  Rev.  Dean ....  St.  Leonard's 
Lemanantde8Chesnais.Rv  St.  St  Patrick's,  Sydney 
Ljmch,  Very  Rev.  Monsiglior  Campbelltown 

Leonard,  Rev.  T.  Sacred  Heart,  Sydn^ 

Luckie,  Rev.  E. Liverpool 

M'Auliffe,  Rev.  J St.  Gregory's,  Qaeanb^yan 

M'Oarthy,  Very  Rev.  Dean..  Sydney 

M'Garthy,  Rev.  G Concord 

Mahoney,  Rev.  P St.  Mary's,  Sydney 

McGuinn,  Rev.  D 

Meuriare,  Rev.  Z.  F Ryde,  Hunter's  Hill 

O'Brien,  Very  Rev.  Dean  . .  St.  Benedict's,  Sydney 
O'Oonnell,  Very  Rev.  Dean  Windsor 

Phelan,  Rev.  J Braidwood 

Pollard,  Rev.  John  St  James',  Forest  Lodge 

Petre,  Rev.  A.  W Dapto 

rk.  Rev.  Dr. Pyrmont 

Rev.  D.  P Cook's  River 

ley,  Ven.  Archdeacon..  8t. Patrick's,  Fanamatta 

Riordan,  Rev.  W Berrinia 

Roche,  Rev.  J.  P Campbelltown 

Ryan,  Rev.  P Brisbane  Water 

Sheehy,  Rev.  Archpriest Windsor 

8heridBJi,VeryRv.Dean,V.Q.  St.  Francis',  Sydney 

Sheridan,  Rev.  J St  Mary's,  Sydney 

Slattery,  Rev.  P Cooma 

T^lor,  Rev.  W.  G St  Mary's,  Sydney 

Tresallet,  Rev.  J.  M Villa  Maria,  Hunter's  Hill 

Yaogfaan,  Rev.  John   St  John's  College,  Sydnqr 

Walsh,  Rev.  E. Araluen 

White,  Very  Rev.  Dean  . . .    Armidale 

Young,  Rev.  P St  Bridget's,  Sydney 

Diocvs  OF  Abmidalb. 

Dttvies,  Rev.  John    Inverell 

Doyle,  Rev.  J.  J Armidale 

Doyle,  Rev.  J.  H Rocky  Mouth 

Kelly,  Rev.  James    Glen  Junes 

Keenan,  Rev.  M Tenterfleld 

O'Connor,  Rev.  P.  J Armidale 

O'Riordan,  Rev.  J Madeay  River 

O^SulIlvan,  Rev.  J Grafton 

Beid,  Rev.  W Inverell 

Schurr,  Rev.  Abbe  Csflino 

Sheehan,  Rev.  M. Richmond  River 

(tatek.  Rev.  J Macleay  River 


DioanB  or  Kssbum. 

Bolger,  Bev.  L. St.  Iimsttas',  BOorke 

Byrne,  D.D.,  Very  Rev.  J.  8S.  Michael  and  Joints 

P.,Adm. CMhedral,  Batfaorst 

Cks^,  Rev.  James  9t.  Patrick's,  Rodd^ 

D'Ax^,  Bev.  D.  J St.  Lawrence's,  Totbm 

Davoren,  Ber.  P St  Joeeph's,  Ona»B 

Donne,  Rev.  J St.  Bridget's,  Daboo 

Enright,  Rev St  Mary's,  Modne 

Horan,  Rev.  J.  J St  Stanislanrf'  College, 

Batbxmt 

Husgaid,  Rev.  James St  Fhrnds*,  OtSoimell  Plains 

Kei^,  Rev.  James    St  Joseph's,  OrangB 

Kelly,  Rev.  Pirtrlck St  fgnatimT,  Bomle 

Long,  Rev.  M St.  Joseph's,  Orangv 

McCarthy,  Bev.  Denis Garooar 

McGrath,  Bev.  D St  Francis  Xaviei!^  Went- 

worth 
Meade,  Bev.  M St  SCanislaair,  GoDige, 

Bathuivt 

Mnrpby,  Beiv.  P.  St  Bridget's,  Dnbbo 

Nugent,  Bev.  W. Sacred  Heart.  Wattlo  Flat 

ODooneD,  Bev.  James  ....  St  LawreBce  s,  Forbes 

O'Donovan.  Rev.  J St  Mary's,  Mudg«e 

ODwyer,  Bev.  J Immaculate  Ooneeptton, 

Garooar 
Riofdan,  Bev.  P.  SS.  Michad  and  John's 

OsthediaU  Baiborst 
Byan,  Bev.  J St  diaries'  Seminair, 

Sacred  Heart,  Bathnnt 
BjFUi,  Bev.  FhiUip  Immaculate  ConoeptiflB, 

Garooar 

Ryan,  Bev.  M Sacred  Heart,  mu  End 

Walsh,  Bev.  T.  J.  (Adm.)  . .  St.  Patrick's,  WelUi«tan 

Dioona  or  Goulbubk. 

VeryBev;Dr.McAlroy,V.G.  ARnuy 

Bermingham,  Very  Bev.  Dr.  Wagga  Wagga 

Butler,  Rev.  tUchaid  Wagga  Wagga 

Burke,  Rev.  P St  ft^rick?  CoUsg^  Goal- 
bum 

Carr,  Rev.  Richard  J Tass 

Carrol,  Rev Goulbum 

Dunne,  Very  Rev.  P Oundagai 

Dunne,  Rev  J Burrowa 

Finnigan,  Rev.  H Toung 

Gallagher,  Rev.  J St.  Patrick's  CoDege,  Goal- 
bum 

Hanl^,  Rev.  T Albury 

Keating,  Rev.  L Goulbum 

Kieley,  Rev.  R Corowa 

Long,  Rev.  J Burrowa 

McCkrthy  ,Rev.  E    Young 

McGrath,  Rev.  W Wagga  Wagga 

O^Dwyer,  Rev.  T.  A Gombum 

O'Dwycr,  Rev.  D Gundagai 

O'Dwycr,  Rev.  J Deniliquin 

O'Connell,  Rev.  T Deniliquin 

O'Keeffe,  Rev.  P Yass 

Sbtttery,  Rev.  M Corowa 

Twomey,  Rev.  C Tumut 

Walsh,  Rev.  Martin Albury 

Walsh,  Rev.  Denis  Thomas..  Goulbum 

D10CB8B  OF  MATILAJm. 

CoTDoran,  Rev.  P.  J Morpeth 

English,  Rev.  Thomas    —  Newcastle 

Ei^lish,  Rev.  Denis Gunnedah 

Finn,  Rev.  P Murmrundi 

Fontaine,  Rev.  C Singleton 

Foran,  Rev.  M Branxton 

Hand,  Rev.  P West  Maitland 

Maher,  Rev.  Thomas 

Matthews,  Rev.  M Sacred  Heart  OoDflgt 

McCormack,  Rev.  Thomas. .  Quirindi 

McGrath,  Rev.  M Scone 

McGrath,  Bev.  E. Sacred  Heart  GoII«o 

McGrath,  Rev.  A Tkmworth 

McOough,  Rev.  M Manning  River 

Murray,  Rev.  M WestMaitlaod 

Murphy,  Rev.  J Dungog 

Murtough,  Rev.  F Mnsweubiook 

Nealon,  Rev.  T.  A.  Raymond  Te*n»   * 

O'Keeffe,  Rev.  P. 


lEXOKAN  CATHOLIC. 


251 


CVLeary.  Bev  P:    Singleton 

O'Neill,  Rev  T.       EartMeitlMid 

Rjan,  Rev.  M.  H NewcartLe 

Ryui,  Rev.  J Newcastle 

Rjan,  Rev.  P.  D Tamworth 

Ryan,  Rev.  P.  P Metilwi 

Kkw  Zealand. 

Binsf eld,  NfcholM Rannoiu,  CL 

Garew,  Denis   Reerton,  N. 

CfaaatAipion,  Stephen Thames,  A. 

Ch»taifiri^er,  John  Baptist 

Chervier,  John  daudios Lincoln,  C. 

Cbiffey,  Patrick  Wellington 

Coleman,  William Oamani,  O. 

Crowley,  Timothy Lawrence,  (X 

Donovan,  Jeremmh   Lyttleton 

Ecayer,  Joseph   Qreymoath 

Fkuvel,  Louis  Termnka 

Forest,  John Napier 

Fynes,  fl.  J.  (Vicar  General)  Pamell,  Anc. 

Gavin,  Anthony Nelson 

Ginaty,  I^awrence  Chrlstchurch 

GoUen,  John   Waikato,  A. 

Goutenoire,  John   Tlmani 

Grange,  John  Auckland 

Halbwacks,  Anthony Oarterton,  W. 

Hallmn,  Stephen Auckland 

Higgins,  Thomas InvercargiS 

Kearney,  Matthew Wellington 

Kehoe,  Thomas  Coromandel,  O. 

Kem'gan,  Patrick    Napier 

Kirk,  Charles Wanganoi 

Lampila,Jobn New  Plymouth 

Larkin,  William Dnnedm 

Lenihan,  Thomas   Milton,  O. 

Mackay,  John Queenstown,  O. 

M'Caughv,  Michael    Comara,  W. 

McDonald,  James  D Drury,  A. 

M*Donald,  Walter Auckland 

M*Gnine8s,  Patrick WeUingtoa 

M'Namare.  John Christchurch 

Mahony,  William    Nelson 

Martin,  Aime  Hokitika 

Michel,  Peter   Napier 

Moimn,  Patrick  (Bishop)  . .  .  I>anedin 

Morean,  Delpliine  ..^ Fielding,  W. 

ODwyer,  John    Auckland 

(XHara,  Michael Otaeuhu,  A. 

O'Leary,  Patrick Invercargill 

(XMahony,  James   Nelson 

O'Reilly,  Patrick Coromandel,  A. 

O'Reillv,  Jeremiah  Joseph  P.  Wellington 

Paul^  James Onelninga 

Pertius,  Eugene Haweia,  I. 

Pezant,  John    Blenheim 

Redwood,  Francis  (Bishop)  . .  Wellington 

fteigneir,  Euloge Meeanee,  H.  B. 

Riordan,  Patrick Howick 

RoUand,  John  Louis Ahaura,  A. 

Sauzean,  Augustine  Blenheim,  M. 

Sheehan,  John Dunedin 

Walsh,  Michael    Ophir,  O. 

Tazdin,  Francis Hutt,  W. 

QmnnsLAVD. 

Ahem,  John  J Brisbane 

Breen,  James  B. Brisbane 

Bucas,  P Mackay 

Byrne,  D.  J Dalby 

Gii]ira,P.   Brisbane 

Comerford,  James Rockhampton 

CoanoUy,  J.  P.    Naoango 

Bavadi,  J. Rtanthorpe 

Bunhain,  F.  A.  F. Roma 

Dunne,  K. Toowoomba 

Fouhy,  D. Charters  Towers 

Reran,  A. Ipswich 

Horan,  M. Oympie 

Horan,  J.  J Warwick 

M'Donough,  S.  H Bowen 

M'NabD Mackay 

Morlay,  C. Rockbaaipton 

CConnell,  Thomas Brisbane 


OTteilly,  J.  Marvboroogfa 

0*Quinn,  James  (Bishop). .  Brisbane 

Rossolini,  C. Gayndah 

Scortechini,  B. Waterford,  Logan 

Walsh,  W.  M Townsville 


VicARUTB  AronouD  or  Northuui  Quekitblahd. 

*^d!i«^)7..^r:..^':.!^  }cooktowii 

De  Romanio,  Rev.  CSiembin    Cooktown 
Fabias,  Rev.  Luigi Cooktown 


South  Aubtbaua. 

Prendergast.  Rev.  W ") 

O'Sullivan.  Rev.  M VSt.  Patrick's,  Adabiids 

Essex,  Rev.  J.  P. ) 

Church,  Rev.  Charles Salisbury 

Ruasell,  Yen.  Archdeacon..    North  AdeUde 
M'Cormack,  Rev.  William . .     Bowden 

Peters,  Rev.  Joseph  \ 

Tappmeiner,  Rev.  Joseph,  lu^rwood 

Rischeur,  Very  Rev.  A.,  &  J. ) 

Peters,  Rev.  Joseph,  S.  J  . .    HectorvHIe 

Ryan,  Rev.  Michael   Port  Adelaide 

Allcock,  Right  Rev.  Abbott ) 

0.S.B VGawler 

Fox,  Rev.  James,  0.S^. . .  j 

Maher,  Rev.  James Gumock 

Hennessey,  Rev.  Michael. .    Marrabel 
Kennedy,  Rev.  William   . .     Kadina 

Suinland,  Rev.  James Mount  Barker 
[urphy ,  Very  Rev.  Dean . .    Mount  Gambier 

Kehoe,  Rev.  Patrick Penola 

Nevin,  Rev.  R.  B )  ■Dr»»*  a  %tnmat'm 

Unswirth,  Rev.  William  ..  j"  Port  Augusta 

Pock,  Rev.  Joseph Manoora 

Kreiftsell,  Rev.  Joseph,  S.  J     Kooringu 
Kariinger,  Very  Rev.  Slgis-> 

mond,  S.J.  (Hector)  

Polk,  Rev.  Joseph | 

Herden,  Rev.  Rogalskl  Leo, 

S.J 

O'Brien,  Rev.  Thos 

Hager,  Rev.  Matthias   . . . .  ) 

Pallhuber,  Rev.  J.  E.   ....  V  Georgetown 

Neiber,  Rev.  J.  V.,  8. J.    . .  ) 

Attended,  from  Adelaide  at  j.g^  Yorke's  Peninsula 

present ) 

Byrne,  Rev.  P Willunga 

O^Brien,  Rev.  M Morphett  Vale 

Attended  from  Adelaide  ..    Marlon 


TABIIA2IIA. 

Murphy,  Most  Rev.  Daniel,  "^ 

D.D.  (Bishop  of  Hobazt  f  St  Mary's  Oathedral,  Hobart 

Town) f     Town 

Beechinor,  Rev.  M.  J / 

Hennerbry,  Rev.  P.  R, . . . . )     ^^^ 
Hennebry,  Rev.  P.  R.  —    New  Town,  &a 
Butler,  Very  Rev.  T.   J.,) 

D.D.  pean) V  Launeestoo 

Gleeson,  Rev  P ) 

Gleeson,  Rev.  P Geoige  Town  k  VipefB  Blw 

Holehan,  Rev.  J Richmond,  6ca. 

O'Callaghan,  Rev.  M. Stanley,  Emu  Bay,  Jccl 

Noone,  Rev  J Torquay  and  Forth 

Bogan,  Rev.  J Westbury 

Walsh,  Rev.  E.  F Deloraine 

M'Keman,  Rev.  J.  J Longford,  Evandale,  OHrriek 

Kelsh,  Rev.  T Campbell  Town,  Ron,  &o. 

Feehan,  Rev.  J Oatlanda,  Bothwell,  Tunaaok 

Marum,  Ven.  ArchdeaeoD..    PontviUe,  Kempton,  Ac 
Gilleran,  Rev.  M.  W. New  Norfolk,  Glenoia,  ' 


252 


ROMAN  CATHOLia 


(Fmaklin 

VSouthport 
(PortQygnet 

OTUg«.,Eev.M.J JgSZ,"^ 

(TheSnusT 
Absent,  Rev.  D.  F.  X.  Beechinor. 

l%e  Church  of  Rome  numbers  in  TAamaniA  82  places  of 

worship,    12,000  attendants,  and  80  Sunday  schools, 

with  268  teachers,  and  upwards  of  8,000  scholsn. 


ABCHDIOCBSJB  of  MBLBOUBlfS. 

Aylward,ReT.  P St.  Patrick's 

Budo,  Rev.  Father St.  Patrick's  College 

Donahy,  Rev.  P St.  Patrick's 

Ftoatrick,  Very  Rev.  J.,  )^  p^^.^ 

Lordon,  Rev.  D St.  Francis 

Murphy,  Rev.  F.,  S  J St.  Patrick's  CoUege 

Nulty,  Rev.  C,  8.  J St.  Patrick's  College 

%ri1S^.  y*7  .^:  f^: }  s*-  ^^^ 

Quinn,  Rev.  D St.  Francis 

Watson,  Rev.  H.  8  J St.  Patrick's  College 

AUen,  Rev.  H.,  O.S.A Castlemaine 

O'Donoghuc,  Rev.  P lrvxu„^ 

O'Hea,  Very  Rev.  Dean. . . .  ^<^^^^ 

Ck>ngh,  Rev.  M )  ti««i^..^«-.i 

Qulgley,  Rev.  P |Dayle8ford 

Bairet,  Rev  T Duneed 

Quii£r,Rl'v.w.!!!!!!".;;!}*^***«™^°^ 

O'Connell,  Rev.  J \  bs„««.m  trm 

O'DrisooU,  Rev.  J fEmeraldHiU 

Finn,  Rev.  W.M \  , 

M'Kenna,  Rev.  M f  „„^,^„^ 

Slattcry,  Very  Rev.  Arch-  (^^<>^g 

deacon   ) 

O'Callaghan.  Rev.  T.  J Oisbome 

EUis,  Rev.  R.  In  ^ 

Mullins,  Rev.  M ^^Oordon 

Horan,Rev.  J Heidelberg 

England,  Verv  Rev.  Dean . .    Hotham 

M oran.  Rev.  P.    Keilor 

Farrelly,  Rev.  M lvn„««. 

Haddock,  Rev.  S |Kilmore 

Oeoghcnan,  Very  Rev.  Dean ") 

Nelan,  Rev.  D. SKyncton 

O'Reilly,  Rev.  D j 


Oahm,Rev.  T.,  S.J "N 

Clancy,  Rev.  J.,  S. J 

Daly,  Kev.  O.,  S.  J.^ >s 


-St.  Xavier's  College,  Kew 
Hughes,  Rev.  W.,  S.J. 
Nolan,  Rev.  E.,  S.J.  .. 

Walsh.  Rev.  P '  Mansfield 

Hegarty,  Rev.  J.  L.   Meredith 

Kranewitter,  Rev.  A. )  pi„K«^«^ 

MulhaU,Rev.J J- Richmond 

Sale,Rev.O )«„,^ 

O'OarroU.  Rev.  M j  ^® 

SS"fcX%"S-."r:::::}sfHiia. 

O'Brien,  Rev.  W. Tarroville 

o^SSS^raiv;  w" :; ::  }wiiii«n*own 


DiOCESS  OB  Ballarat. 

Hayden,  Rev.  T. Ararat 

deary,  very  Rev.  DeanR.  J. ) 

O'Donohue,  Rev.  J.  O > Ballarat 

Moore,  V.  O ) 

Herbert,  Rev.  J.  J. )  vt^um,^ 

0'Dowd.Rev  J |Belfast 

Marsfaeli,  Rev.  J. Oasterton 

Scanlon,  Rev.  R. dunes 

Nelan,  Rev.M Golac 

Penelly,  Rev.  P. Creswick 

5°iCJiiKj:::::::::}H«nnto» 

O'Sullivan,  Rev.  J.  D Horsham 

Meade,  Rev.  R.   Inglewood 


Meade,  B«v.M Mortlake 

Moore,  Rev.  P.  D Smytheodale 

Fitsgerald,  Rev.  J.  F.  ....    Stawell 

Dwyer,  Rev.  M.  St  Amand 

Shanahan,  Rev  M ),„,  .     , 

Slatteiy,  Very  Rev.  Deaa. .  |  '^arraambool 

DiocBSS  OF  Saxdhvui; 

Ro^e,  Rev.  J )  p*„«iw 

Scanlon,  Rev.  T.    |Benella 

Tiemey,  Very  Rev.  Dean. .    Beechworth 

O'Connor,  Rev.  M Br^t 

Heydon,  Kev.  Vander   Chutem 

M*Oilkendy,  Rev.  J.  J )  p^.  „_ 

Carolin,  Rev.  T.  P. fEchuca 

Roche,  Rev.  J Heathoote 

Keoms,  Rev.  P. )  ■»i««««.v.i^ 

Kennedy,  Rev.  - |Nagambie 

Backhaus,  Very  Rev.  Dean^ 

D.D.,  V.O 

O'OonneU,  Rev.  D.  P.    ....  i  b.^k««* 

Davy,  Rev.  O )-Sandhurst 

NevUie,  Rev.    8.,    O.S.A., 

S.T.BL 

Egan,  Rev.  J.  T. Waagantta 

Wkstbrh  Aubtralla. 

Gibl^,  Very  Rev.  Matthew)  rt„„^-_^ 

(Vidar  Oeieral)    [OuUdford 

Dooley,  Rev.  Timothy Freemantie 

OlteiUy,  Rev.  John   York 

Oibney,  Rev.  Ptitrick Bunbury 

Brady,  Rev.  Hugh Newcastle 

Martelli,  Rev.  Canon Oreenbough 

LectUIe,  Rev.  Archdeacon   . .  Oeraldtcm 

Doney,  Rev.  Bernard    Albany 

Matthew,  Rev.  F New  Norda 

Salvadoe,  Right  Rev.  Mars-'i 

CoU,  Abbott  Emilan ) 

Conventi. 

New  South  Wales 87 

Victoria  81 

Queensland    19 

South  Australia    8 

New  Zealand 12 

Western  Australia   8 

110 
Bathurbt. 

Sitters  qf  Mercy. 

Immaculate  Conception  Bathnrst 

St.  Joseph's Carcoar 

St  Matthew's Mudgee 

St  Joseph's Orange 

SehooU. 

St.  Joseph's Bathurst 

St  Joseph's Wattle  Flat 

St  Joseph's German  Hill 

St  Joseph's Borenolre 

St  Joseph's Evans  Plains 

St  Francis's O'ConneU  Plsini 

St  Joseph's Lincoln 

St  Joseph's Rockley 

MATTLAin). 

CoUege  of  Sacred  Heart,  "  Monte  Pio,"  Wert  W*^°?-. 
A  Roman  Catholic  insUtution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  tf 

established  in  connection  with  the  Dominican  OonTeas 

at  Newcastle.  ^  ,. 

A  female  CathoUc  school  is  established  at  West  Mai> 

land.  .  _. 

The  Convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy  at  Singleton  h»w 

chaige  of  school  for  female  Oatholiot. 

Stdkbt. 

St  John's  College Qunperdown 

St  Ignatius's  CoUege    North  Shors 

High  School Sydney 


BOSS— SAXE<!OBURG. 


253 


DenominaUofidl  SchooU. 

St  Patrick's Sydney 

StBenedict's , 

St  POiick's Parnunatto 

Conventi. 

Benedictines  Convent  Sublaeo 

St  Yinoent*s  Ckmvent Hydney 

St  YlnoenCs  Hospital „ 

St.  Scholastica's  Convent —        „ 

St  Mary  of  the  Angels Ftve  Dock 

Sistere  of  the  Good  Samaritan  Balnudn 

St  MAiy's  (Star  of  the  Sea) . .  Wollongong 

St  Joseph's Windsor 

St  Patrick's Sydney 

Sisters  of  Mercy St  Leonards 

Sisters  of  Mercy Parramatta 

SchoUf  Orphan, 

Orphan  School  at  Farramatta,  wholly  supported  by 

Oovemment 

Brmbaxk. 

AH  Hallows  Convent Brisbane 

St  Joseph's  Convent South  Brisbane 

diristian  Brothenl*  Convent.    Brisl»ne 

Orphan  SehocL 
St  Vincent's  Orphanage Brisbane 

School. 
St  Anna's  Industrial Brisbane 

Sutert  of  Mercy. 

All  Hallows Brisbane 

St  Vincent's. Nodsee 

St  Ann's  Brisbane 

St  MjuVs Ipewich 

Onr  Lady  of  Mercy Toowoomba 

St  Bridget's Bockhampton 

Onr  Lady  of  Lourdes Warwick 

St  Joseph's Stanthotpe 

St  Columba's Dalby 

The  Diocese  of  Brisbane  was  divided  by  a  line  running 
due  west  from  Cape  Hinchinbrook,  and  on  the  west  by 
South  Australia,  and  north  to  Cape  York ;  this  was 
called  the  Vicariate  of  Queensland.  The  decree  order- 
ing this  division  was  dated  January  27, 1877. 

SxtUrt  of  St.  Joieph. 

St  Joseph's South  Brisbane 

Immaculate  Conception Helidon 

St  Joseph's Near  Gympie 

Our  Lady  of  Consolation Maryborou^ 

St.  Joseph's Gladstone 

St  Joseph's Mackay 

St  Joseph's Townsville 

St  Teresa's Bandaberg 

St  Joseph's Bowen 

MlLBOUIUnL 

ColUffe. 
St  Patrick's Melbourne 

Sehooli  Orphanage: 

Roman  Gaiholic,  for  Boys  . .  Emerald  Hill 

„  for  Girls  ..  „ 

»  ».  ••  Oeetong 

,,  for  Boys  ..         „ 

Conventi. 

Convents  Melbourne 

H         Geelong 

) Kilmore 

„        East  Melbourne 

, St.  Franda 

„        St  Hilda 

n        Richmond 


Wnmur  AcenuLU. 

Orphanage  School*. 

The  Sisters  of  Mercy  have  cliarge  of  a  school  at  Perth. 
The  Sisters  of  Mercy  have  chai^  of  a  school  at  Yoric 
There  is  an  Orphanage  for  girls  at  Subiaoo,  three  miles 
from  Perth,  attached  to  the  Sisters  of  Mercy. 

Catholic  Young  Men's  Society  established  at  Perth. 
Society  of  the  Children  of  Mary  in  Perth,  Freemontie, 
and  YorlL 

ROSS,  Lieut. -Governor,  who  arrived  in  the 
**  First  Fleet "  sailed  for  England  in  the  Oorgon, 
December  18,  1791. 

ROYAL  STANDARD  displayed  for  the  first 
time  in  Australia,  June  4,  1803. 

RUSHCUTTERS'  BAY,  Port  Jackson,  N.S.W. 
[See  Aboriginals,  Outrages  against.] 

RUST  IN  WHEAT  [See  Agriculture.] 


S. 

SAFES,  Fire  Proof.  Result  of  a  trial  of 
Milner's  and  Weame's  fireproof  Safes  (Weame 
being  a  colonial  manufacturer),  mven.  bv  the 
judges  in  favour  of  the  latter.  [The  trial  took 
place  at  the  Haymarket,  Sydney.]  June  17. 
1871. 

SAILORS'  HOME,  Sydney,  established,  May 
18,  1839. 

SALMON. 

Alexander  Black  reported  on  the  feasibility 
of  introducing  salmon  mto  Tasmania,  1860. 

The  first  salmon  caught  in  Tasmania,  Dec.  4, 
1873.  [To  Mr.  J.  A.  Youl,  C.M.G.,  and  Sir 
Robert  Officer,  much  credit  is  due  for  the  intro- 
duction of  salmon  into  Tasmania.] 

The  Califomian  salmon  imported  by  Sir 
Samuel  Wilson  to  Victoria,  Nov.  19,  1877. 

Upwards  of  28,000  of  the  Califomian  salmon 
ova  imported  by  Sir  Samuel  Wilson  hatched  out 
at  Ercildoune,  Nov.  29,  1877. 

Salmon  fry  deposited  in  the  head  waters  of 
Yarra,  some  having  previously  been  placed  in 
the  streams  in  the  Cape  Otway  Ranges,  Decem- 
ber 19, 1877. 

SALT.  First  salt  made  in  New  South  Wales 
from  sea  water  at  Point  Maskeleyne  (Dawes* 
Battery),  May,  1790. 

SAMOA.  Colonel  Steinberger,  an  American, 
arrested  at  Samoa  by  order  of  Captain  Stevens 
of  H.M.S.  Barraeouta.  A  fisht  with  the 
Samoans,  loss  of  life  resulting.     Feb.  28,  1876. 

SANDHURST,  Victoria,  proclaimed  a  munici- 
pality, April,  1855. 

SAWYER,  Right  Rev.  Dr. 

[See  "Men  op  the  Time,"  {Savoy er^  Right 
Rev.yi 

SAXE-COBURG.  Their  Serene  Highnesses 
Prince  Phillip  and  Prince  Augustus  of  Saxe- 
Coburg  (cousins  of  Queen  Victoria),  visited 
Sydney,  N.S.W.,  October  22,  1872. 


SM 


SCHOLABS— SCHOOLS  OF  ART. 


SCHOLARS     attending    public    and    private 
BchoolB  in  Australasia  : — 


OolaQy. 

PopnlBtioii. 

No  of 
Scholars. 

New  South  Wales    

662,212 
417,622 
208,084 
236,864 
107,104 
860,787 
27,838 

188,907 

TT«w  Zealand    

66,047 

41,600 

South  Australia   

20,188 

Iksmania   

12,557 

Viotoria 

288,416 

Western  Australia 

7JL25 

SCHOOLS. 

First  school  in  Sydney,  in  Rev.  Mr.  Johnston's  church, 
opened,  Feb.  18, 1703.  [When  the  ehuroh  was  burnt, 
the  school  was  held  in  the  Court-house.  The  first 
teachers  were  W.  Wehster,  W.  Richardson,  and 
Susannah  Hunt]  J.  M'Queen,  first  school'master  at 
Norfolk  Ishmd,  1708. 

There  were  three  schools  in  New  South  Wales,  Dec.,  1707. 

Rev.  Mr.  Johnston  had  200  children  In  attendance  at  his 
school,  1708. 

School  established  on  the  Hawlcesbury.  and  2d.  per 
acre  levied  by  the  Government  on  the  landholders 
there  to  support  the  teacher,  1804. 

Mr.  Crook  advertised  the  first  boarding  school  in  Aus- 
tralia in  1806. 

A  free  school  established  in  Sydney,  February  24, 1810. 

A  sdiool  for  the  education  of  youne  aboriginals  estab- 
lished at  Pariamatta,  Msy,  1816.  Ufanv  of  them  were 
given  up  by  their  parents,  and  piaoed  imder  tutors ; 
the  school  continued  to  be  well  attended  until  the 
aboriginals  had  so  far  decayed  that  few  were  left.] 

The  foundation  of  the  Cteorgian  School-house  in  Osstte- 
reogh-stroet,  Sydn^',  was  laid  by  Governor  Maoqnarie, 
March  20, 1820.  [It  was  designed  for  the  education  of 
the  children  of  the  poor,  and  built  to  accommodate  500 
pupils.] 

The  National  School  system  introdueed  to  the  Colony 
of  N.S.W.  by  the  Rev.  T.  ReddaU,  August  1, 1830. 

First  Roman  Catholic  school  in  New  Booth  Wales  estab- 
lished, 1822. 

Rev.  Thomas  ReddaU  appohited  Director  Oeneiral  Public 
Schools,  New  South  Walss,  August  18, 1824. 

Sydney  Free  Grammar  Sdiool  founded.  Dr.  HaUoran 
Uead-master,  November  17, 1824. 

Infant  School  first  established  in  New  South  Wales  by 
Rev.  Richard  Hill,  December  16,  1824.  [This,  the 
first  infant  school  in  Austrslia,  was  opened  t4iiongh 
the  efforts  of  Sa&e  Rannister,  the  Attomey-GeneraL 
and  Mr.  Hfll.] 

The  School  of  Industry  established  by  Lsdy  Darling, 
March  0, 1826. 

An  infant  school  established  at  Psrramatta  under  the 
care  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  F.  Staff,  December,  1827. 

T1i«'  King's  Sdiool,  Parramatta,  was  opened,  January  16, 
1832. 

Normal  Institution,  founded  1836. 

Australian  School  Society  began  operations  in  the  colony, 
under  the  guardianship  of  Rev.  Mr.  Mansfield,  18S6. 

St.  James's  Granunar  School,  founded  1839. 

The  Governor  in  Council  proposed  a  plan  of  public 
instruction  for  the  Colony,  and  inserted  a  sum  of 
£3,000  on  the  Estimates  for  carrying  the  same  into 
effect,  1880.  [A  Public  School  was  to  be  built  in 
Sydney,  and  two  others  in  two  of  the  principal  towns 
in  the  interior.  The  "  Irish  National  Sj-stem  of  Educa- 
tion "  was  proposed,  and  was  shortly  itfterwards  estab- 
lished in  the  Colony.] 

Denominational  Sdiool  aystem  in  the  Colony  estsbliahed, 
1840. 

The  National  School  system  adopted  in  New  South 
Wales,  there  being  26,000  children  in  the  Colony,  1844. 

Denominational  School  Board  appointed,  under  which 
all  that  related  to  religious  teaching  was  entrusted  to 
the  resident  clergyman  of  the  Denomination  to  which 
each  school  belonged.  There  were  27  schools  and 
2,606  scholars.    1848. 

The  Model  National  School,  now  called  the  Fori^trset 
School,  near  Fort  Phillip,  Sydney,  founded,  1840. 

The  National  School  Board,  under  Lord  Stanley's  sys- 
tem of  Education,  oautituted,  18U. 


Sydney  Orunmar  Sdiool  respond,  August  8, 18S4. 
Schools  in  New  South  Walesa- 
Church  of  England  104*^ 

Roman  Catholic 60  j  1867. 

Church  of  EngUnd  Giammsr  School,  Melbourne,  opened* 

April,  1858. 
Chiuxsh  of  England  Qfammar  School,  Qeeloog,  epeoed 

June,  1868. 
h)swich  Grammar  School  opened,  September  25, 1863. 
Foundation  stone  of  the  Brisbane  Oiammar  Sdhool 

laid  by  H.R.H.  Prince  Alfred,  February  20, 186& 
Presbyterian  Undies'  Collwe,  Melbourne,  inaugoirated  ; 

head  master,  JProfessor  Pearson,  January  11,  IB76. 
Foundation  stone  of  new  Public  School  laid  at  Wagfa 

Wsgga,  by  Sir  Alfred  Stej^en,  C.J.,  October  2, 1871. 
Grammar  School  lor  Girls  opened  at  Brisbane,  Majr  Ifi, 

1876. 

SCHOOLS  IN  AUSTRALASIA.— 1878. 


Colony. 

Popula- 
tion. 

No.  of 
Schools. 

Cost  to 

State. 

New  South  Wales  

New  Zealand    

662,212 
417,622 
203,084 
230,864 
107.104 
860,787 
27,888 

1606 
087 
846 
520 
166 

2166 
83 

285,406 
in,212 

87,074 
102,660 

14.706 

Queensland  

South  Australia 

I^ghsmania , 

Victoria 

Western  Australia 

677,890 

•  • 

High  Schools.  Many  of  these  are  called 
colleges.  The  principal  in  Kew  South  Wales 
are— the  Sydney  College  (founded  June  26, 1830) 
formally  opened  by  W.  T.  Cape,  Jamiary  19, 
1835 ;  Svaney  Grammar  School  since  1854 ; 
the  King  s  School,  Parramatta  (founded  Jaauary 
16,  1832);  Moore  CoUege  (C.E.),  Liverpod ; 
Wesley  College,  Newington.  In  Victoria  the 
principal  are — the  Melbourne  Grammar  School 
(C.E.);  St  Patrick's  College  (R.C.);  Scotch 
College  (Pre6b3rterian) ;  Wesley  College,  and 
Gkelong  Grammar  School.  In  Queensland  the 
IpswichGrammar  School,  the  Brisbane  Grammar 
School,  and  the  Toowoomba  Grammar  Schools 
are  the  principal.  In  South  Australia,  St. 
Peter's  Collegiate  School  (C.E. ),  was  established 
in  1848 ;  ana  Prince  Alfred  Wesleyan  College 
in  1867.  In  Tasmania  the  principal  are  Horton 
College,  High  School,  Hutchin  s  School,  and 
Church  Grammar  SchooL  In  New  Zealand  the 
principal  are  the  Auckland,  Wellington,  and 
Otago  High  Schools. 

SCHOOLS  OF  ART. 

There  are  nearly  70  Schools  of  Art  in  Kew 
South  Wales,  havmg  property  to  the  value  of 
£100,(XX),  and  a  membership  of  over  6,000  per- 
sons, 1879. 

Sydney  Mechanics'  School  of  Arts,  fouAded 
in  1833,  was  the  first  institution  of  the  kind 
in  Australia.  It  was  established  by  a  band  of 
Scotch  mechanics,  assisted  by  Governor  Bourke 
and  Revd.  H.  Carmiohael,  A.M.  The  first 
secretary  was  Mr.  Robert  Band,  and  the  first 
treasurer  Mr.  Peter  Gardner.  Number  of  mem- 
bers on  the  roll  in  1878  was  2365,  and  350  students 
attended  the  Classes.  A  motion  for  the  founding 
of  a  Technical  or  Working  Men'sCollege,  proposed 
by  Mr.  £.  Dowling,  was  adopted  at  tJie  annual 


SCOTCH  MABTYBS~..S£PA£ATI0N: 


255 


meeting,  Eehnuuy  4»  1673,  but  ite  mamfgaoMim 
did  Bot  take  place  until  the  new  bnildingiy  tbe 
erection  of  which  owt  £S,000  (£2,000  of  whiflh 
WM  given  by  €k>yemmeitt),  woe  compkabed, 
1879.  £1,000  is  annnally  granted  towardB  pay- 
iiig  pi'ofeaeoM  aand  ketnren  for  this  part  of  the 
iDstitation.  The  prmetpal  bnmchee  of  technical 
education  in  whicfi  insfamction  ia  given  are  : — 
Aghcnltme,  architecture,  chemistry,  domwatic 
eoonomy  and  cookery,  engineering,  ||eokigy, 
Dxneralogy,  mining  and  metallnrgy,  navigation, 
phynolffgy,  and  ouier  applied  acienceB. 

Daring  the  first  25  yean  of  ita  existence  the 
Bev.  H.  Caimichael,  Dr.  Geoige  Bennett,  W. 
T.  Gape,  J.  Rae,  Dr.  L.  Leichhardt,  Archibald 
Michie,  Dr.  Nicholson,  Judge  Therry,  Arthur 
A'Beckett,  Richard  Windeyer,  D.  H.  Deniehy, 
Dr.  WooUey,  Sir  W.  Denison,  and  a  host  ci 
other  able  men  occnoied  the  platform  of  the 
School  of  Arts  lecture  nalL 

The  fint  apartments  need  for  the  Sdiool  of 
Arts  were  in  the  Survevor-GeneEal's  Office  on 
Church  Hill,  lent  for  that  purpose  fay  Major 
Mitchfill,  the  president  of  the  institution.    1633. 

IdJit  of  Presidents. 

HaJqt Mitchell    18S8tol8S7 

M«Jor  Barney 18S8  to  1848 

Chariae  NlehaAmi,  M.D.,  U.G 1844  to  1851 

Arthur  A'Beokett  1652  to  1864 

Col.  Sfa-  Th08.  L.  Mitchell    1855 

O.R.Holden  1850  to  1865 

Dr.  Woolly,  D.C.L. WW 

N  D.  StenhoiMe,  M.A. 1867tol87S 

W.  C.  Windqrer,  M.A. 1874  (ttmin  oOos) 

SCOTCH  MAKTYRS. 

The  so-called  *'  Scotch  Martyrs  "  were  named 
Mnir,  Palmer,  Skirving,  Gerala,  and  Margarot; 
they  were  convicted  in  Edinburgh  for  "leasing- 
making"  i.e.  libelling  the  Grovenunent,  August, 
1793,  snd  were  sentenced  to  transpoxtation  to 
Botany  Bay,  January,  1794 ;  they  emoarked  Feb. 
10,  and  arrived  in  Sydney,  with  the  exception 
of  Gerald  (who  arrived  a  fewmonths  afterwuds), 
September,  1794 ;  Mr.  Gerald,  a  man  of  great 
abuity,  and  of  most  amiable  and  refined  man- 
ners, purchased  a  piece  of  land  at  Farm  Cove, 
now  part  of  the  Sydney  Botanic  Gardens,  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  spots  in  Australia  ;  he  culti- 
vated this  little  plot  of  ground  as  a  ^uden,  and 
when  he  died  was,  in  accordance  with  his  ex- 
pressed wish,  buried  t^ere,  in  1796.  Mr.  Skir- 
ving  only  survived  Mr.  Gerald  three  days.  Mr. 
Margarot  survived  his  period  of  exile,  went 
home  in  1810,  gave  important  evidence  on  the 
state  of  the  co&ny  before  a  Select  Committee  of 
the  House  of  Commons  in  1812,  and  died  in 
1813. 

[See  **  Men  of  the  Time  "  {Muir  ;  also 
Pa/wi4fr).] 

BCOTT,  Bev.  Thomas  Hobbbs  (afterwards 
Archdeacon),  arrived  with  Commissioner  Bigge, 
as  Secretary  to  the  latter,  September,  25,  1819. 

SCULLING.    [See  also  Aquatics.] 

E.  C.  Laycock  beat  M.  Rush,  champion  course, 
Parramatte  River,  £200  aside,  April  1%  1879. 


BEAL^  GsBAT.    Tr.TiEft4T.  Amxiso  of. 

The  eacheaited  lasids  of  Jote  Tawell  [see 
Ortmmb]  were  restored  to  trustees  for  the  benefit 
of  his  widow  and  children.  George  Cooper 
Tamer,  Civil  Crown  Solicitor,  was  appointed 
agent  for  the  trustees  of  the  lands,  &c.,  in  New 
South  Wales;  he  sold  tiie  land  in  1849  and 
absconded  to  San  Francisco.  The  Crovemor  of 
Kew  South  Wales,  Sir  William  Denison,  in  op- 
position to  the  advice  of  his  ministers  (Hon. 
C^aiies  Cowper  being  Premier),  affixed  the  great 
seal  of  the  colony  to  the  grant  of  land  to  the 
trustees  of  Mrs.  Tawell,  January  21,  1861 ;  Sir 
CSiarles  Cowper  and  colleagues  resigned  on  tiie 
same  day,  but  at  the  request  of  Sir  William 
reealiad  their  resignation  on  the  eve  of  the 
Governor's  departure. 

SEAL  OF  THE  COLONY. 

The  war  ship  (Gorgon  arrived  with  tbe  Seal  of 
the  Colony,  Sept  21,  1791.  [On  the  obverse  of 
this  Seal  are  the  King's  Arms,  and  on  the  mar- 
gins, the  Royal  titles  ;  on  the  reverse  a  repre- 
sentation of  convicts  landing  at  Botany  Bay, 
received  by  Industry,  who,  surrounded  oy  her 
attributes,  a  bale  of  merchandise,  a  pickaxe  and 
shovel,  is  releasing  them  from  t^eir  fetters^  and 
pointing  to  oxen  plou£hin||;,  and  a  town  rising 
on  the  summit  of  a  hiU,  wrUi  a  fort  for  its  pro- 
tection ;  the  maste  of  a  ship  are  seen  in  the  bay  ; 
in  the  margin  are  the  words  "  Sigillum  Nov. 
Camb.  Aust.,"  and  for  a  motto  **  Sic  fortis 
Etruria  cre\it ;"  the  Seal  is  of  silver,  snd  weighs 
40  ounces.**] 

New  Territorial  Seal  arrived  in  the  Colony, 
November  14,  1817. 

"  SECOND  FLEET.'* 
[See  New  South  Wales,  Settlement  of.] 

SEPARATION. 

The  Colony  of  New  South  Wsles  divided  into 
three  districts — the  northern,  comprising  all  the 
country  in  the  vicinity  of  Moreton  My;  the 
middle,  comprising  New  South  Wales  proper ; 
and  the  soutnem,  consisting  of  the  newly -settled 
district  of  Port  Phillip.     1840. 

A  meeting  held  in  Sydney  for  two  purposes — 
cme  to  oppose  the  separation  of  Port  Phillip  into 
a  separate  colony,  the  other,  to  take  measures 
to  introduce  uniformity  into  the  system  under 
which  the  public  lands  of  the  colony  were  appro- 
priated, and  a  petition  to  the  Queen  was  adopted 
for  that  purpose.    1841. 

A  counter-petition  was  adopted  in  support  of 
the  measure  tor  separation  of  Port  Phillip  from 
New  South  Wales,  by  the  iidiabitants  <n  Port 
Phillip,  on  the  grounds  that  Port  PhilUp  was 
discovered  by  a  naval  officer ;  that  it  had  been 
twiee  abandoiied  after  it  had  been  colonised  in 
conneotion  with  New  South  Wales ;  that  it  was 
the  inhabitants  of  Van  Diemen's  land  who 
formed  a  permanent  settlement  in  that  district ; 
and  that  uie  discoveries  of  Hume  snd  Hovell 
were  followed  by  no  particttlaT  result  by  New 
South  Wales.     1841. 


256 


SEPARATION  and  FOUNDATION  DAYS— SHEEP. 


The  subject  of  the  separation  of  Port  Phillip 
from  New  South  Wales  again  mooted  in  that 
district,  and  at  an  anti-transportation  meetine 
there,  the  petitioners  hinted  that  if  the  land 
fund  of  Port  Phillip  were  applied  exclusively 
for  the  advantage  of  the  district,  there  would  be 
no  lack  of  immigration,  and,  consequently,  of 
labour.     1847. 

A  despatch  received  relative  to  the  separation 
of  Port  Phillip  from  New  South  Wides  with  a 
view  to  its  erection  into  a  distinct  colony  ;  the 
despatch  mentioned  that  New  South  Wales 
would  be  divided  into  two  colonies,  the  northern 
part  to  retain  its  name,  and  the  southern  to  be 
called  Victoria.     1848. 

Great  rejoicings  at  Port  Phillip  in  consequence 
of  the  intelligence  of  the  separation  of  that  dis- 
trict from  New  South  ^'ales ;  the  people  of 
Melbourne  suspended  business  for  four  days, 
durins  which  time  every  demonstration  of  rejoic- 
ing, thanksgiving  in  churches,  royal  salutes,  pro- 
cessions, illuminations,  fireworks,  and  games, 
were  indulged  in.     July  1,  1851. 

First  puolic  meeting  held  in  Brisbane  in 
favour  of  separation,  July  8,  1851. 

Meeting  held  at  Moreton  Bay  for  the  purpose 
of  petitioning  the  Home  Government  for  sejuira- 
tion  from  New  South  Wales,  1853. 

Despatch  received  from  the  Home  Government 
announcing  the  intention  of  erecting  Moreton 
Bay  into  a  separate  colony,  September,  1857. 

The  London  OazeUe  announced  the  separation 
of  Moreton  Bay  and  its  erection  into  a  separate 
colony  under  the  name  of  Queensland,  January 
3,  1859. 

SEPARATION  aito  FOUNDATION  DAYS. 

New  South  Wales  foundation,  Jan.  26,  1788. 

New  Zealand  foundation,  January  29,  1840. 

South  Australia  foundation,  Dec.  28,  1836. 

Queensland  separation  from  New  South  Wales, 
December  10,  1859. 

Tasmania  foundation,  February  16,  1804. 

Victoria  separation  from  N.S.W.,  July  1, 1861. 

Western  Australia  foundation,  June  1,  1829. 

[Note. — The  above  table  does  not  agree  in  one 
or  two  particulars  with  another  given  on  page 
10,  because  events  of  equal  importance  occurreid 
on  both  dates,  but  this  list  is  the  one  officially 
recognized.] 

SETTLEMENT.    First  seUlement  of  Austra- 
lind  attempted,  December  17,  1840. 

Settlers.  A  term  applied  to  those  families 
who  settled  on  the  lands  of  the  interior  of  Aus- 
tralia and  New  Zealand. 

The  First  Settlers  on  the  Laitd  is  Ans- 
TRALL/i.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the 
first  settlers  on  the  land,  the  date  of  settlement, 
and  the  quantity  of  land  ffranted  to  them  in 
Australia.  Many  of  their  descendants  are  still 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Parramatta : — 

Free  Setflers.  Phillip  Schaeffer,  superin- 
tendent of  convicts ;  date,  dOth  March,  1791 ; 
quantity  of  land  granted,  140  acres ;  place,  on 


the  north  side  of  the  creek  leading  to  Parra- 
matta. Bobert  Webb  and  WiUiun  Reid, 
marines ;  date,  dOth  March,  1791 ;  quantity  of 
of  land,  60  acres  each  ;  place,  on  the  north  side 
of  the  creek  leading  to  rarramatta. 

On  the  5th  April,  1791,  the  following  persons, 
sailors  or  marines,  were  granted  60  acres  of  land 
each  at  Norfolk  Island,  by  the  Governor  of  New 
South  Wales.  Many  of  the  descendants  of 
these  original  settlers  also  are  still  in  the  colony 
of  New  South  Wales  .-—Robert  Watson,  John 
Drummond,  James  Proctor,  Peter  Hobbs,  Owen 
Cavanough,  James  Painter,  William  Mitchell* 
William  Hambly,  Charles  Heritage,  Sunuel 
King,  William  Mitchell,  Thomas  BramweU, 
Thomas  Bishop,  John  McCarthy,  Laurence 
Richards,  John  Munday,  Thomas  Chipp,  Wil- 
liam Strong,  James  M'Manis,  Thomas  0*Brien, 
Richard  Knight,  Abraham  Huid,  WiUiam 
Dempsey,  Thomas  Scully,  John  Barrisford, 
James  Redmond,  William  Tunks,  Thomas  Half- 
penny, William  Standley,  John  Gowen,  Thoe. 
Dukes,  James  Williams,  Daniel  Stanfield,  John 
Roberts,  William  Sims,  John  Foley,  Patrick 
Connell,  Thomas  Spencer,  and  John  Scott. 

Convigt  Settlers.  The  first  convict  settler 
had  30  acres  of  land  granted  to  him  on  the  30Ui 
March,  1791,  on  the  south  side  of  the  creek 
leading  to  Parramatta,  and  opposite  to  Phillip 
Sche&r's.  On  the  18th  July  in  the  same  year 
a  number  of  other  persons  received  grants  of 
land  from  20  to  60  acres  each,  at  disti^ces  two 
miles  to  four  miles  west  and  north-east  of  Parra- 
matta, and  some  had  each  10  acres  allotted  them 
at  Norfolk  Island. 

First  Settler  in  Port  Phillip.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1828,  Mr.  William  Dutton  visited  Portland 
Bay  in  the  schooner  "Madeira  Packet,"  on  a 
seiuinff  voyage.  He  was  one  of  a  boat's  crew  that 
landed  at  Blacknose  Point,  and  remained  in  the 
neighbourhood  until  the  middle  of  January, 
18^.  Aflsin,  in  July,  1829,  Mr.  Dutton  visited 
Portland  Bay  in  the  schooner  "  Henry,"  Captain 
M'Lean,  on  a  sealing  voyage.  He  was  captain 
of  a  boat's  crew  which  landed  at  Whaler's  I^>int, 
or  Single  Comer  (the  present  site  of  Portland), 
where  he  remained  sealing,  and  built  a  house 
and  lived  in  it.  The  third  time,  in  March,  1831, 
Mr.  William  Dutton  again  visited  Portland  Bay 
in  the  schooner  '*  Henry,"  then  commanded  by 
Captain  Griffiths.  The  vessel  anchored  off  Black- 
nose  Point.  Mr.  Dutton  landed,  and  occupied 
for  some  months  the  house  he  built  in  1829.  He 
then  left  in  the  schooner  *'  Elizabeth."  And  the 
fourth  time,  in  November,  1832,  Mr.  William 
Dutton  a^^  visited  Portland  Bay,  and  resided 
there  imtil  March,  1833.  He  subsequently  re- 
turned to  Portland  in  command  of  the  sdiooner 
"Henry,"  and  established  a  whaling  station, 
erected  buildings,  and  grew  vegetables  for  his 
own  use. 

SHEEP. 

29  sheep  arrived  in  Australia  in  the   "  First 
Fleet,"  January,  1788. 
[See  Stock.] 


SHEEP— SHIPPINO. 


257 


Merino  aheep  imported  into  the  Colony  by 
Captain  Kent,  R.N.,  to  the  order  of  Mr.  John 
Macarthor,  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  to 
which  place  some  of  the  pure  breed  had  been 
sent  by  the  Dutch,  1796. 

[Mr.  Macarthur  havine  quitted  the  military 
service,  and  become  setuer,  purchased  one  ram 
and  five  ewes,  and  inmiediately  be^[an  to  cross 
fleeced  sheep  with  the  merino,  and  m  ten  years 
his  stock,  wnich  originally  consisted  of  70  Beneal 
animals,  was  increased  to  4,000,  although  Sie 
wethers  were  slaughtered  for  use  as  they  became 
fit ;  the  effect  of  the  crossing  was^a  decided  im- 
provement of  the  animals,  the  hairy  coat  of  the 
proffenv  of  the  Cape  and  Bencal  breeds  being 
gradually  converted  into  wool,  whilst  it  ap- 
peared tne  influence  of  the  climate  on  the  fleece 
of  sheep  generally  was  decidedly  favourable.] 

At  Parramatta  fair  £300  was  offered  for  one 
ram  of  the  Merino  breed,  or  £500  for  a  pair 
descended  from  the  pure  Spanish  Mennos 
orisinally  Introduced  by  Mr.  Macaurthur,  1822. 

Kichard  Jones,  Esq.,  M.C.,  brought  with  him 
to  the  Colony  on  his  return  from  Europe  a  choice 
flock  of  120  Saxon  sheep,  April  26,  1825. 

Sheep  first  boiled  down  in  Australia  by  Henry 
O'Brien,  J. P.,  of  Yass,  January  9,  1843. 

[Sheep  otherwise  not  worth  half-a-crown 
realized  from  58.  to  88.  per  head ;  tallow  became 
one  of  the  staple  commodities  of  export.] 

Note. — Frwierick  Ebsworth  is  said  to  have 
boiled  down  sheep  for  tallow  in  1838,  and  found 
the  speculation  paid  weU. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  sheep 
in  Australia,  January  1,  1878  : — 

New  South  Wales 20,062,244 

New  Zealand    , 11,704,868 

Victoria     10,114,287 

Qneenaland ^272,706 

South  Auatnlia 6,808,860 

TMinania 1,818,125 

Western  Australia     797,166 

Total 67,767,770 

SHEEP,  Scabby.  Aflockcontaining3,780sheep, 
belonging  to  Mr.  KiddeU,  killed  and  burnt  on 
Bumfim  station,  80  miles  below  Swan  Hill, 
Victoria,  because  they  were  affected  with  scab, 
Feb.  18,  1862. 

SHEEP  CATARRH. 

Catarrh  in  sheep  made  its  appearance  at  Bur- 
rowa.  New  South  Wales  ;  it  puzzled  the  stock- 
holders, and  yftM  first  known  as  the  "novel 
sheep  disease."    May,  1834. 

A  commission  appointed  by  the  Governor  to 
inquire  into  the  nature  of  a  disease  called 
"catarrh,"  which  was  spreading  destruction 
among  flocks  in  the  Colony,  1835. 

SHERIFF  [See  Court  Supreme.] 

SHIP,  First. 

Keel    of   first    ship   (caUed   the   "Rosehill 
Packet")  built  in  the  colony  laid,  Dec.  30, 1788. 
The  "  Rosehill  Packet "  launched,  Sep.,  1789. 


SHIPPING. 

The  "Endeavour,**  Captain  Cook,  anchored  in  Botany 
Bay,  April.  28. 1770. 

The  "  Pint  Fleet,"  11  sail,  under  command  of  Qovenior 
Phillip,  arrived  in  Botany  Bay,  January  19. 1788. 

The  French  ships  "Astrolabe  "  and  "  Boussole  '*  anchored 
in  Botany  Bay,  January  24, 1788. 

The  store  ship  *'  Lady  Juliana "  from  London  arrived, 
June  8, 1790. 

The  first  foreign  trading  vessel,  the  "Philadelphia,** 
brigantine,  Captain  Patrickson,  entered  Port  Jackson 
with  a  cargo  from  Phfladelphia,  which  was  soon  dis- 
posed of  at  a  hisrh  profit,  November  1, 1702. 

The  colonial  vessel  "  Francis,"  brought  from  England  in 
frame,  laundied  in  Sydney,  February  14, 1798. 

The  "Reliance,"  with  Governor  Captain  John  Hunter  on 
board,  arrived,  September  7, 1795. 

A  vessel,  the  "  Norfolk,"  belonging  to  Messrs.  Campbell 
and  Clarke  of  Calcutta,  arrived  from  Beiigal  with  a 
carffo  of  merchandise  and  live  stock.  One  ofthe  owners 
of  we  vessel,  Mr.  Robert  Campbell,  was  a  passenger. 
October  1. 179a 

The  "  Albion,"  Captain  Bunker,  8  months  15  days  from 
England,  being  the  fastest  passage  on  record,  to  date, 
arrived  June,  1790. 

Lieutenant-Covemor  King  and  family  arrived  from  Eng 
land  in  the  "Speedy,"  April  16, 1800. 

Governor  Hunter  embarked  for  England  in  the  "Buffalo,' 
September  27, 1800. 

118  snips  had  arrived  in  the  harbour  of  Port  Jackson^ 
from  January  25,  1788,  to  June  7,  1800.  [Of  these 
vessels  87  were  transports  from  the  British  Isles  carry- 
ing 6,000  prisoners,  tip  to  September  12.  other  vessMS 
had  sailea  from  England  and  Ireland  with  prisoners, 
of  whom  there  were  on  board  1924.] 

The  colonial  vessel  "  Nancy"  launched  from  the  Green 
HUla,  September  17, 180S. 

The  "  integrity"  hbunched  in  Sydney,  January  18, 1804. 

The  first  colonial  ship,  named  the  "  King  George,"  built 
by  Mr.  James  Underwood,  and  launched,  April  19, 1805. 

Governor  Bligh  arrived  in  the  "  Lady  Madeline  Sinclair," 
August  15,  1806. 

Departure  of  Governor  King  for  Eng^d  In  the 
'^Buffalo,"  August  18, 1806. 

The  "  Perseverance,"  colonial  brig,  launched  Jan.  24, 1807. 

The  "  Perseverance"  sailed  for  India.  February  9, 1807. 

The  "  Mercury,"  colonial  schooner,  launched,  February 
26,1807. 

The  "  Governor  Bligh,"  coloniid  sdiooner,  launched  at 
tne  Hawkesbury,  April  1, 1807. 

H.M.  Frigate  "Comwallis"  arrived  from  India  under 
command  of  Captain  Johnson,  April  12, 1807. 

The  "  Comwallis  ^  saUed  from  Sydney,  April  23. 1807. 

A  fine  teak-built  ship,  named  the  "  Elisabeth,"  which  had 
been  brought  from  India  in  frame,  was  launched  from 
the  vard  of  Messrs.  Campbell  and  Co.,  Nov.  7, 1812. 

The  following  resolutions  were  passed  at  a  public  meeting 
in  Sydney,  Sir  John  Jamieson  in  the  chair:— "That 
the  restrictions  which  prevoit  merchants  from  em- 
ploying ships  of  less  than  three  hundred  and  fifty  tone 
Duifthen  in  the  trade  from  the  mother  coimtry  to  this 
colony,  operate  so  as  to  amount  almost  to  a  prohibit 
tion ;  as  few  mercantile  adventurers  here  are  willing 
or  able  to  employ  the  large  capital  necessarily  required 
for  the  cargoes  of  vessels  of  this  magnitude ;  and  we 
are  consequently  left  ill  supplied  with  many  uticles  of 
British  manufactories,  wmdi  habit  has  rendered 
necessary  to  our  comfort.  But  it  is  therefore  expedient 
that  an  application  should  be  nuule,  by  petition,  to  His 
Majesty's  Government,  through  His  Excellency  Gover- 
nor Maoquarie,  praying  that  navigation  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  colony  may  be  opened  (as  to  British 
manufacturers  and  colonial  producers)  through  the 
medium  of  vessels  of  one  hunored  and  fifty  tons  bur- 
then, and  upwards,**  January  19, 1819. 

The  schooner  "  Prince  Regent,"  which  had  been  built  by 
the  Government  as  a  present  to  the  King  of  the  Sand- 
wich Iidands,  from  His  Highness  the  Prince  Regent  of 
England,  was  launched  in  Sydney,  April  7, 1819. 

The  ship  "  Almorah,"  with  all  her  cargo  of  stores  and 
100,000  dollars  on  board,  seized  by  Captain  Mitchell  of 
H.M.S.  "  Slaney  "  in  February,  and  in  deflaiKe  of  the 
Colordal  Government  despatched  her  to  Calcutta  under 
charge  of  his  first  lieutenant,— Mr.  Matthewa  Marcn 
2,1825. 


258 


SHOPS-SHORTHOBNS. 


Tile  "Wanpite,"  7i-zan  ship,  Mrrlved  in  the  oolnoj, 
under  the  commaDd  of  Sir  James  Brisbane,  on  her 
pMsa^  to  South  Ameiioa,  October  19, 1818. 

H.M.S.  "Bainbow,'*  Captain  Rous,  returned  to  Srdney 
flktMma  Toyace  to  the  north  ceeet  of  New  South  wales, 
8cf»temberi^  18i& 

The  "  Surprise  "  was  the  first  steamer  ever  run  in  the 
colony,  and  was  introduced  by  Mr.  Henry  O.  Smith,  a 
director  of  the  Commercia]  hint  of  Sydney  in  London. 
She  was  placed  on  the  Parramatta  River  trade.  [After 
an  unsuccessful  and  short  career,  the  *'  Surpriae  **  was 
sent  to  Bobart  Town].    Uarch  81, 18SL 

The  first  steamer  arrived  from  England,  **  Sophia  Jane,** 
tf0  tons  buiden,  60-hoise  power ;  was  broufl^t  out  to 
Sydney  by  Lieutenant  Kodulph,  of  the  Royal  Navy, 
who  was  part  owner.  (She  plied  between  Sydney  ana 
Newcastle.]    Mayl6,lSSl. 

TIm  colonial  steam  packet,  "WiDiam  IV,**  launched 
at  the  Williams  River.  She  was  built  l^  J.  H.  Qroee. 
Oetobcr  S8, 1881. 

The  ship  "  Berculee,"  Gaptahi  Daniels,  left  Sydney  with 
a  laige  number  of  passengers  for  England,  March  18, 
188&  [On  the  voyage  she  was  strack  by  a  tremendous 
sea  which  carried  away  the  whole  of  hsr  poop  with  the 
captain,  first  and  second  officers,  and  six  passengers.] 

The  "  James  Watt,"  tint  steamer  in  Hobson's  Bay  from 

Sydney,  July  4, 1837. 
Tike  first  vessel  cleared  from  South  Australia  f6r  Orsat 

Britain.   Her  name  was  the  "  Goshawk,"  a  biir  of  246 

tons.    Ber  cano  consisted  entirely  of  oU  and  whide- 

bone.    November  8, 1888. 

The  "  Fairy  Queen,"  first  steam  vessel  built  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Port  Phillip  (to  the  order  of  Mr.  MantonX 
launched  at  Melbourne,  April  8, 184L 

Steam  communication  between  Brisbane  and  Sydney 
eetablished,  January  26, 1842. 

H.M.  war  steamer  "  Driver,"  4  guns,  anirod  in  Sydney 
firomHong  Kong,  being  the  first  vessel  of  this  chancter 
seen  in  the  coloi^es.    January  7, 184& 

The  double-dedced  ship  **  Tloonderoga  "  fMm  Liverpool, 
with  811  souls  on  board,  after  a  voyage  of  01  days  en- 
tered Port  Phillip  Heads  November  4,  1862.  [She 
reported  06  deaths  from  t^i^ras  fever.  Nearly  every 
loul  on  board  of  her,  including  her  crew,  was  eick.  She 
anchored  off  the  black  buoy  at  Williamstown,  but  waa 
eent  back  to  the  then  newly-established  <fuarantlne 
sround  at  Port  Nepean,  and  during  the  |six  weeks  of 
ber  quarantine  82  more  deaths  oocmred.  The  siok  be- 
flan  to  Improve  immediately  they  were  landed  tad 
boused  under  the  tents  sent  from  Melbourne,  and 
shelter  rigged  from  the  span  and  sails  of  the  ship. 
Great  esertionB  were  made  by  the  Government  to 
afford  them  reliet  There  were  two  snigeoos  on  board 
the  "  Tlconderoga,"  one  of  whom  lost  hb  wife  and  all 
his  children] 

The  "Great  Britain,"  stesmship,  first  anchored  in  Port 
Jackson.  She  was  the  laxgest  vessel  then  afloat^  her 
burthen  being  8,600  tons.    November  20, 1862. 

The  "Spitfire,'^  the  first  gunboat  built  in  Sydney,  New 
South  Wales,  launched,  1864. 

Six  English  ships  of  war,  carrying  altogether  96  guns, 
exclusive  of  the  ships  in  the  Australian  division  of  the 
station,  two  French  frigates  and  a  steamer,  one  Russian 
corvette  and  a  steam  wxp,  were  in  the  Sonthem  seaa. 
1864. 

Fint  steamer  arrived  at  Otago,  New  7>ealind,  August 
21,1868. 

The  "  Nelson,"  a  line-of-battle  ship  now  owned  by  the 
Colony  of  Victoria,  anchored  in  Hobson's  Bay,  1867. 
(She  waa  built  in  1806,  immediateiy  after  the  death  of 
the  naval  hero  whose  name  she  bears ;  but  she  waa 
never  at  sea  until  her  vovage  to  Melbourne.  She  waa 
presented  to  the  colony  by  the  Imperial  Government]. 

The  "  Flying  Squadron  ^  arrived  in  Sydney,  December 
12, 1860. 

The  "Cerberus,"  monitor,  Gtiptain  Panton,  arrived  In 
Hobson's  Bay,  after  a  most  eventful  passage,  AprH  7, 
187L 

Two  Imperial  gunboats  launched  in  Sydney  for  sup- 
preasion  of  the  island  slave  trade,  November  29, 1872. 

The  first  iron  vessel  ever  built  in  Melbonme,  Victoria, 
launched  ftrom  the  yards  of  Foreman  and  Co.,  Decem- 
ber 6,  1874.  [She  was  a  steam  yacht  of  60  tons, 
eo-horse  power,  length  72  feet,] 


Oommndoce  Hoskins  awnmed  command  of  the  Ai 
lian  Station,  hoisting  his  pennant  on  board  H  JLS. 
"  Peart,"  December  16. 1876. 

The  steamer  **  Arawata  **  made  the  passage  Crou  Hokft- 
tUca  to  Mdboume  in  four  daya  nine  hours,  the  qnicfceet 
yet  recorded,  December  80, 1876. 

The  screw-steamer  "LusMania"  of  the  Orient  lin* 
arrived  at  Adelaide  from  Rnglanri  via  the  Qape  of 
Good  H<HM,  in  40  days  6^  hours,  inclusive  of  1  day  7 
hours  detrition  at  St.  Vincent,  August  8, 1877. 

Tlie  "Aconcagua,"  Orient  steamer,  made  the  p 
from  Plymouth  to  Adelaide  in  80  iiays  20  honn  i 


ing.  July  2, 1878. 
uiokeet 


Quidieet  passage  from  England  to  Australia  via  .««....., 
made  by  P.  A  O.  steamer :  86  days  28  honn  to  Mei> 
bourne,  1878. 

Ths  Australian  and  New  Zealand  Ship- 

FIMO  BeTURKS. 
VCMBBt  Ann  lUSHASn 


or  aaiuiro  TassBbs  i5n 
a  nacH  ran,  1878-0. 


Adelaide 

Auckland 

BeHtat 

Brisbane 

Dunedin 

Fkemantle 

Geelong. 

Hobart  Town 

Invereaigill ... 

Launceston  ... 

I^rttelton 

luryborough  .. 
Melbourne  .... 

Napier  , 

Nelson 

Newcastle , 

Rockhampton 
Sydney  ........ 

Warmambool .. 
Wellington  .... 


69 

7 

252 

4 

17 

71 

8 

404 

86 


IMals. 


1708 


COLOHIBB. 

New  South  Wales. 
NewZaaland  .... 

Queendand 

South  AustnJia.. 

Tasmania 

Victoria    

Western  Australia 


476 
424 
68 
186 
106 


107 


21,741 

12,047 

158 

1,768 

8,101 

6*864 

2,767 

14,060 

882 

2,686 

6,733 

617 

29,747 

486 

488 

8,780 

80S 

60,066 

8,086 


No. 
66 

Gros 

ToonMB 
9^752 

42 

8.063 

2 

83 

96 

1,759 

27 

8,641 

6 

277 

0 

8,08^ 

6 
8 

4 
77 

4 

6 
16 

2 
212 

1 
15 


866 


176 

n,O07 

186 

714 

1.791 

U7 

28,468 

486 

2,717 


180,602 


68,796 
81.6n 

2,678 
21,747 
16,685 
42,672 

6,864 


628 


228 
102 
32 
66 
14 
80 
6 


88,669 


90,249 

16.772 

2,052 

9,732 

8,961 

21,696 

277 


SHOPS. 

The  fint  shop  oi>ened  in  Sydney  by  the  Oup- 
tain  of  the  '*  Justinian,"  June  1790. 

First  brick  shop  in  Sydney  opened,  July  1790. 

The  first  shop  at  Parramatta  opened,  Febniary 
26,  1791. 

SHOOTING  THROUGH  MnrrAKSN  Idknttit. 
Father  Healey,  Roman  Catholic  priest,  shot  at 
Beepwater,  Mnrmmbidgee  River,  New  Sooth 
Wales,  by  Serjeant  Folev  and  Trooper  Towns- 
hend,  in  mistuce  for  a  tmBfarsnger,  August  6, 
1876.    [See  Hkalky.] 

SHORTHORNS,  Sale  op.  Robertson  Brothers 
sale  of  shorthorns  realised  £25,742  178.  Twelfth 
Dnke  of  Derrimnt  purchased  for  2450  soineas  on 
account  of  Mr.  J.  II.  Lomaz,  Wirrah  Station, 
New  South  Wale^»  Jan.  4^  1878.    [^ee  Stock.] 


SILK-^OCIETIEa 


259 


SILK. 

The  growth  of  silk  begin  to  attract  attention, 
1848. 

The  experiment  which  had  been  made  to  grow 
silk  on  an  extensive  scale  in  the  Colony  proved 
a  failnre  in  oonseqnence  of  tiie  want  of  the 
proper  species  of  mulbeny  tree,  1849. 

[Mr.  Charles  Brady  and  Mrs.  Bladen  Neil  are 
the  most  active  promoters  of  sericnlture  in 
Australia,  and  have  done  much  to  advance  it  in 
the  colonies.     1868  to  1879.] 

SILVER.  Ore  discovered  at  Moniya,  New 
Sooth  Wales,  Jnne  9,  1862.  [See  Mims&als.] 

SMALL-POX. 

A  contagieos  disease,  havinff  every  appearance 
of  tibe  small-pox,  was  prevalont  amongst  the 
Batives  of  Port  Jackson ;  handrsda  died.  April 
and  May,  1769. 

Small-pox  made  its  appearance  in  Sydney,  Jnly 
25,  1825. 

The  ship  "Bussorah  Merchant,"  Captain 
Baigrie,  from  London,  with  170  convicts,  arrived 
in  Sydney  with  the  small-pox  on  board ;  placed 
in  quarantine  in  Neatral  Bay  and  the  ' '  Alligator  *' 
appointed  as  hospital  ship,  Jnly  26,  1878. 

Small-pox  made  its  appearance  in  Sidney. 
Foot  of  the  children  of  a  man  named  Holden 
died  there,  December  15th,  1876. 

Small-pox  found  to  have  been  introdnoed  into 
Sydnev  oy  the  Torres  Straits  mail  steamer 
"Brisbane."  Several  cases  reported  in  the 
Naval  Squadron,  January  19,  1877. 

Ship  *' Macduff"  arrived  in  Port  Phillip 
Heads  from  London  with  seven  cases  of  smal^ 
pox  on  board,  August  10,  1877. 

Three  cases  of  small-pox  broke  oat  on  board 
the  R.M.S.S.  "  Siam "  which  arrived  at  Wil- 
hamstown,  Victoria,  Majr  20, 1878.  The  "Siam" 
was  placed  in  quarantine  at  Point  Nepean, 
May  80,  1878.   [Hee  Epidexics.] 

SMUGGLING.  A  seizure  of  contraband  sfHrits 
was  made  at  Broken  Bay,  New  South  Wales,  by 
Mr.  H.  H.  Brown,  Superintendent  of  the  Water 
Police,  October  19,  1842.  The  seizure  consisted 
of  4,000  gallons  of  brandy  and  mm,  which  had 
been  run  ashore  from  the  "Fair  Barbarian.'* 
The  owners  (a  mercantile  firm),  besides  forfeiting 
the  spirits,  valued  at  £3,000,  were  fined  in  peiuJ- 
ties  jointly  amounting  to  £11,000  with  costs 
£1,000,  thus  costing  the  proprietors  £15,000. 
The  information  was  given  by  a  ticket-of -leave 
man  residing  on  the  bimks  of  the  Hawkesbury. 
[See  GovxAMMzirr  Orders.] 

SNAKES. 

A  black  snake,  22  feet  long,  killed  on  the 
lower  branch  of  the  Hawkesbury  by  Mr.  Fhsming, 
a  aettler,  January,  1826. 

During  the  first  year  of  Sir  John  Franklin's 
adminsstraiiini  in  Tasmania  neariy  14,O0OaDak6a 
werekiUed,  and  Udy  Franklin  paid  nearly  £700 
for  their  dMtmotion.    18S8. 


SNODGRASS,  Colonkl  Ksnnbtb,  nominated 
a  Member  of  the  New  South  Wales  LedslatiTe 
Council,  1833. 

SNOW. 

"  On  Tuesday  morning,  June  28,  between  the 
hours  of  eight  and  nine  o^lock,  there  was  a  heavy 
fall  of  snow  in  Sydney,  which  lasted  for  half  an 
hour,  a  thins  unprecedented  in  the  memoiy  of 
the  oldest  iimabitants."— jSWn^y  CfazeUe,  «June 
30,  1836. 

"Tuesday  last,  the  28th  current,  will  be 
memorable  in  the  annals  of  this  good  town  as 
the  day  on  which  its  inhabitants  were  favoured 
for  the  first  time  with  snow.  The  f aU  was  by 
no  means  considerable  in  Sydney,  althou^  we 
are  told  it  was  several  inches  deep  towards 
Parramatta.  It  lay  for  an  hour  or  two  on  the 
tops  of  houses,  and  in  other  similar  situations, 
and  the  Sidney  boys  were  seen  for  the  first  time 
in  their  hves  making  snow-baUs.  The  day  was 
very  cold  throughout.  We  never  felt  it  so  cold 
before  in  Sydney."— The  Colonist,  June  30, 1836. 

"  Snow. — Sydney  was  visited  by  this  Strang 
visitant  aoain  on  Sunday  morning,  thoug^  m 
less  abunownce  than  on  the  Tues£iy  previous. 
There  have  been  very  severe  frosts  in  the 
country,  which  cut  up  the  grass  and  vegetables 
considerably."— The  AusirtUian,  July  5,  1836. 

Great  fall  of  snow  nesr  Sydney,  June  28, 1837. 

A  slight  fall  of  snow,  which  melted  as  it 
touched  the  ground,  the  currency  lads  and 
lasses  appearing  quite  excited  at  it.  Sept.  4, 1837. 

SNOWSTORM.  Heavy  snowstonn  within  30 
miles  of  Sydney,  August  10,  1872. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  Benevolent  Society  first  established  in  the 
Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  June  4,  1818. 

A  Philosophical  Societ jr  first  formed  in  Sydney. 
The  proceedings  were  initiated  by  placing  a 
brass  plate  on  a  rock  at  Botany,  in  commemora- 
tion of  the  landing  of  Captain  Cook.  March  19, 
1822. 

The  Royal  Society  of  New  South  Wales 
originated  in  1822  as  the  "  Philosophical 
Society  of  Australia;"  after  an  interval  of  in- 
activi^  it  was  resuscitated  in  1850,  under  the 
name  <rf  the  "  Australian  Philosophiod  Society,** 
by  which  title  it  was  known  until  1856,  when 
the  name  was  changed  to  the  "  Philosophioftl 
Society  of  New  South  Wales ;"  and  finally,  fby 
the  sanction  of  Her  Most  Gracious  Majesty  tiie 
Qneen,  it  assumed  its  present  title  in  May,  1866. 

Sydney  Bethel  Union  founded,  Aug.  5,  1^2. 

The  Agrioaltnial  Society  of  Sydney  iounded, 
1822. 

The  first  show  of  the  Floral  and  Horticultnral 
Society,  Sydney,  held  September  19,  1838. 

The  Royal  Society  of  Tasmania  established, 
1843.  [PcUroneee:  Her  Majesty  the  Queen; 
Preaideni :  His  Excellency  the  Ctovemor ;  Vice- 
PremdenU :  Ven.  Archdeacon  Daviea,  Hon.  Sir 
Robert  Officer,  Hon.  J.  S.  Agnew,  M.D., 
M.L.C.,  Right.  Rev.  Bishop  Bromby,  D.D.; 
Hon,  See,:  Hon.  J.  W.  Agnew,  M.D.,  M.L.C. 


260 


SOUTH  AUSTRALIA— SQUATTmO. 


The  Pastoral  Society  of  Australia  Felix  formed 
at  a  great  squatting  demonstratioii  in  Melbourne, 
October  1,  1844. 

First  recorded  meeting  in  Sydney  to  establish 
the  Australian  Mutual  rrovident  Society.  Pre- 
sent :  Messrs.  T.  S.  Mort,  Thomas  Holt,  W. 
Perry,  C.  Lowe,  and  Rev.  W.  H.  Walsh 
(chairman).    August  31,  1848. 

The  Melbourne  Philharmonic  Society  estab- 
lished in  1853.  [John  Russell  was  first  con- 
ductor, Mr.  Patterson  hon.  secretary.  The  first 
concert  was  given  in  the  Mechanics'  Institute 
under  the  pAtronase  of  Governor  Ia  Trobe.] 

Acclimatisation  Society  founded  in  Melbourne. 
Dr.  Black  first  president.    1857. 

Entomological  (now  linnean)  Society  of  New 
South  Wales  established,  April  7,  1862. 

Inauguration  of  the  Royal  Society,  Victoria, 
May  7,  1863. 

Microscopical  Society  of  Victoria  formed,  1873. 

The  Victorian  Humane  Society's  first  boat 
launched  at  Prince's  Bridge,  Melbourne,  May 
20,  1876. 

Foundation  stone  of  new  office  of  Australian 
Mutual  Provident  Society,  New  South  Wales, 
laid  at  Sydney  by  Professor  James  Smith, 
A^fust  23,  1877. 

Zoologicisd  Society  of  New  South  Wales  formed, 
March  24,  1879. 

There  were  in  Victoria  on  December  31, 
1877,  35  societies  with  765  branches  and  47,352 
members. 

SOUTH  AUSTRALIA. 

First  ship  for  South  Australia  left  England, 
February  23,  1836. 

The  brig  "  Rapid  "  with  Ck>lonel  Light  and  a 
surveying  staff  for  the  new  Colony  of  South 
Australia,  left  Enghmd  May  1,  1836. 

First  inmiigranto  arrived  in  Adelaide,  July  3, 
1836.. 

Colonel  Light  arrived  in  South  Australia, 
August  30, 1836. 

Sir  George  Kingston  left  Rapid  Bay  in  the 
brig  "Rapid"  with  the  greater  part  of  the 
survey  stim  and  immigrants  who  came  from 
England  in  the  "  Cyniet ;"  landed  in  Holdfast 
Bay,  November  5,  1836. 

Mr.  Kinffston  and  party  discovered  a  river, 
since  named  the  Torrens,  November  6,  1836. 

Captain  John  Hindmarsh,  R.N.,  arrived  in  the 
**  Bumdo  "  as  first  Governor  of  South  Australia, 
which  was  proclaimed  a  British  Colony,  Decem- 
ber 28,  1836. 

The  site  of  the  City  of  Adelaide  finally  decided 
on  by  Colonel  Light,  December  31,  1836. 

First  sale  of  Crown  lands  in  Adelaide,  March 
27,  1837. 

Souih  AustraUan  Register,  first  newspaper 
published  in  Adelaide,  June  1,  1837. 

Rev.  T.  Q.  Stow,  first  Independent  minister, 
arrived  in  Adelaide,  October,  1837. 

Rev.  C.  B.  Howsfd,  first  Church  of  England 
<3lergyman  in  South  Australia,  arrived  January 
26,  1838. 

Foundation  stone  of  first  Anglican  Church 
laid  in  Adelaide,  February  26,  18^. 


First  Wesleyan  Chapel  (qiened  in  Adelaide, 
the  Rev.  Wilham  Longoottom  officiated,  March 
5,  1838. 

First  German  Immigrants  arrived,  September 
18,  1844. 

Act  passed  in  South  Australia  making  ingot 
gold  a  legal  tender  at  £3  lis.  per  oz.;  lor  one 
yea^  January  28,  1852. 

The  Bullion  Act  of  South  Australia,  empower- 
ing the  Governor  to  establish  an  assay  office, 
passed  in  one  day,  1853. 

Tobacco  manuiactoiy  started  at  Adelaide  by 
Mr.  Dixon,  of  Sydney  and  Melbourne,  Deoembc»' 
15,  1876. 

The  population  of  South  Australia  was  163,452, 
or  nearly  double  that  of  10  yean  previously. 
The  imports  and  exports  amounted  to  6  millions. 
There  were  634  churches,  384  Sunday  schools 
with  23,739  scholars,  279  other  schools  with 
13,680  children  in  the  roUs.  The  revenue  for  the 
year  amounted  to  £1,089,189,  and  the  expendi- 
ture to  £790,504.   1865. 

Sailors'  Home  openedat  Adelaide,  January  16, 
1875. 

SPANISH  PRIZE.  Arrival  of  two  whale» 
with  a  prize — a  Spanish  ship — which  thev  had 
captured  off  the  coast  of  Peru.  A  Vice-Admi- 
ralty Court  having  declared  the  seizure  legal, 
the  ship  and  cargo  were  disposed  of  accordingly, 
at  Port  Jackson,  in  May,  1799. 

SPELUNG  BEE.  First  in  New  South  Wales 
held  in  Maitland,  September  1,  1875. 

SPIRITS.  The  distillation  of  spirits  first  per- 
mitted  under  ordinary  restrictions  in  New  South 
Wales,  1820. 

SQUATTER, 

The  term  "  Squatter  "  first  applied  to  pencils 
in  the  territory  of  New  South  Wales,  who, 
without  reasonable  means  of  obtaining  an  honest 
livelihood,  had  formed  stations  in  ^e  interior, 
and  then  carried  on  predatory  warfare  against 
the  flocks  and  herds  in  the  vicinity,  1835. 

The  term  ''Squatter"  is  now  used  to  de- 
scribe one  of  the  most  useful  and  important 
classes  of  the  community,  principally  the  large 
pastoral  tenants,  who  rent  the  land  from  ^e 
Crown  for  grazing  purposes.  The  present  signi- 
fication was  first  applied  in  1842. 

SQUATTING. 

New  South  Wales  Squatting  Act  passed, 
March  22, 1827. 

The  Squatting  Aet  (2  Vic.  No.  27)  passed  the 
legislature  of  New  South  Wales,  March  ^  1839. 

A  large  squatting  demonstration  held  in  Mel- 
bourne. The  lessees  of  the  Crown  lands  came 
into  Melbourne  on  horseback,  and  marched 
to  the  place  of  meeting  with  flags  flying,  pre- 
ceded by  a  Highland  piper  playing  nuutiu  airs. 
At  this  meetmff  petitions  were  adopted  to  be 
transmitted  to  &e  several  branches  of  the  Home 
and  Colonial  Legidatures,  praying  for  altera- 
tions in  the  law  of  Crown  lands  and  a  totil 


STATISTICS— STOCK 


261 


scmantioii  £rom  the  middle  distriet  (New  South 
Wales).  A  new  aseociation  was  formed  at  this 
meeting,  and  designated  the  "  Pastoral  Society 
of  Australia  Felix."    1844. 

Intelligence  received  in  Sydney  that  an  Act 
had  passed  the  Imperial  Parliament  giving  the 
aoaatters  foorteen  years'  leases,  18&.  [The 
change  in  their  position  as  tenants  fl;ave  general 
satisuction  to  the  pastoral  commnmty.] 

STATISTICS. 

Conference  of  Colonial  Statists  held,  1861. 
[The  members  were  : — For  New  South  Wides, 
O.  Kolleston;  for  South  Austndia,  Mr.  J. 
Boothby ;  for  Victoria,  Mr.  W.  H.  Archer; 
for  Queensland,  Mr.  F.  0.  DarvaU.  The  vital 
statistics  of  the  Colonies  have,  by  the  labours  of 
these  gentlemen,  been  settled  on  a  basis  at  once 
octeiprehensive  and  exact.] 

Australasian  Statistics.  [See  New  South 
Wales,  New  Zealand,  Queensland,  South 
Australia,  &c.,  &c.,  &c.] 

STATUES. 

The  statue  of  Sir  Richard  Bourke  imveiled  at 
Sydney,  April  11,  1842.  [The  event  was  marked 
hj  a  general  holiday  and  a  public  demonstra- 
tion. A  procession  was  lea  by  the  military, 
accompanied  by  the  Commander  of  the  Forces 
and  his  staff,  uie  several  Masonic  lodges  and 
public  societies,  the  Church  of  Enffls^d  and 
other  Protestant  and  Roman  Catholic  clergy- 
men, with  the  children  of  all  the  schools  of  that 
denomination,  formed  part  of  the  procession. 
The  assemblage  was  the  largest  that  ever 
congregated  in  Sydney.  The  Governor,  Sir 
Geor^  Gipps,  addressed  the  assemblage  on  the 
occasion.  This  was  the  first  statue  unveiled  in 
New  South  Wales  (Westmacott,  sculptor).] 

The  Wentworth  Statue,  unpacked  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  Wentworto,  at  the  Univer- 
sily,  and  put  up  in  the  entrance  hall,  whence  it 
was  subsequently  shifted  to  its  present  site  in 
the  great  hall.  There  was  no  unveiling  cere- 
mony. The  statue  bears  on  the  pedestal  the 
name  ''William  Charles  Wentworth,"  and  on 
the  side  «*  Pro  Temerani  F'-."    1861. 

Statue  erected  in  Hobart  Town  in  memory  of 
Sir  John  Franklin,  1863. 

First  bronze  casting  in  Victoria,  Burke  and 
Wills  statue  (erected  in  Collins-street,  Mel- 
bourne), by  Mr.  Charles  Sumners,  Sept.  16,1864. 

Unveiling,  by  Sir  John  Young,  of  the  Prince 
Albert  statue  (Theed  sculptor),  in  Hyde  Park, 
Sydney,  April  23,  1866. 

Foundation  stone  of  the  pedestal  for  Captain 
Cook's  statue,  Hyde  Park,  Sydney,  laid  by 
H.R.H.  Prince  Alfred,  Duke  of  Edinburgh, 
March  27,  1869. 

The  first  statue  of  Captain  Cook  imveiled  in 
Australia  by  Commodore  Goodenough,  October 
27,  1874.  [This  statue  is  situated  at  Randwick, 
near  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  and  was  the  gift  of  Cap- 
tain Watson  to  the  colony.  The  sculptor  was 
Mr.  Walter  M'Gill,  of  Sydney.] 

Bronze  statue  to  the  memory  of  Captain 
Cook,  in  Hyde  Park,  Sydney,  executed  by  Wool- 


ner,  of  London,  13  feet  6  inches  high,  unveiled 
by  his  Excellency  Sir  Hercules  Robinson, 
Governor  of  New  South  Wales,  in  the  presence 
of  a  vast  concourse  of  spectators,  a  general 
holiday  being  proclaimed  for  the  occasion, 
February  25,  1879. 

STEAM-ENGINE  first  erected  in  Sydney,  im- 
ported by  Mr.  Dickson,  in  the  "  Earl  Spencer," 
May  29,  1815. 

STEAMER.    [See  Shippino.] 

STEWART,  Lietttenant-Governor,  Colonel  of 
H.M.  3rd  Regiment  (Buffs),  succeeded  Governor 
Brisbane,  December  1,  1825. 

STOCK. 

In  the  colony  mustered  : — 1  stallion,  3  mares, 
3  colts,  2  bulls,  5  cows,  29  sheep,  19  goats,  74 
pigs  (49  hogs,  25  sows),  5  rabbits,  18  turkevs,  29 
geese,  35  ducks,  142  fowls  (87  of  these  chickens), 
May  1,  1788. 

Horses  11,  homed  cattle  23,  sheep  105,  pigs 
43,  December  11,  1792. 

The  ship  **  Marquis  Comwallis,"  Captain  M. 
Hogan,  left  Sydney  for  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
under  contract,  to  procure  cattle  for  the  Govern- 
ment. She  returned  to  Port  Jackson  with  28 
bulls  and  158  cows.     October  27,  1798. 

Attempts  made  extensively  to  introduce  homed 
cattle  into  the  settlement,  but  were  only  partially 
successful,  from  the  inexperience  to  import 
stock  for  such  a  distant  market,  and  the  animals 
not  being  able  to  endure  the  rigour  of  the 
voyage,  and  thus  of  15  bulls  and  119  cows  pur- 
chased for  the  colony,  shipped  from  England, 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  aiid  elsewhere,  since  1788 
to  1794,  only  3  bulls,  28  cows,  and  5  calves  were 
landed  in  Sydney,  I)ecember  31,  1794. 

A  report  received  that  a  heni  of  wild  cattle 
was  seen  in  the  interior,  September,  1795.  [[The 
Governor,  Captain  Hunter,  with  a  party,  after 
two  days*  travelling  in  the  direction  of  S.S.W., 
fell  in  with  a  veiv  fine  lot  of  cattle,  sixty  in 
number,  and  a  bull  having  been  killed,  on  com- 
parison it  was  foimd  to  be  similar  to  th'ose 
Drought  from  the  Cape  by  Governor  Phillip,  and 
were  the  produce  of  those  cattle  which  had 
strayed  away  seven  years  before.  They  were 
left  to  propagate  their  species  on  the  plains 
where  they  were  discovered,  and  hence  called 
the  "Cowpastures."  The  young  feUow  who 
had  brought  the  report,  and  who  had  previously 
been  in  disgrace,  received  an  amnesty  or  free 
pardon.] 

The  following  were  the  live  stock  in  the 
colony  : — 84  horses,  327  head  of  homed  cattle, 
4,247  hogs,  2,457  sheep,  and  2,276  goats,  1796. 

Two  vessels  arrivea  from  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  bringing  a  considerable  number  of  houses, 
homed  cattle,  and  sheep,  June  and  July.    1796. 

There  were  203  horses,  1,044  cattle,  and  6,124 
sheep  in  the  colony,  1799. 

438  horses,  3,264  head  of  cattle,  16,501  head 
of  sheep,  2,900  goats,  and  14,300  swine  in  the 
colony,  1805. 


262 


STBIKEB-aTJDDB  amd  THOMPSON. 


There  was  a  saperabondanoe  of  cattle  aod 
■lieep^  far  beyond  tne  demand  in  the  colony,  and 
BO  mariLcte  had  been  formed  abroad  for  the  sur- 
plus.  Cattle,  which  fo^rmerly  eold  for  £10  a 
head,  were  selling  for  as  many  shilling  to  the 
min  of  the  owners.  The  resiut  of  this  snrphB 
was,  that  a  dul^  was  placed  on  all  beef  and 
pork  imported  mto  the  colony.  Beef  was 
shipped  to  England  and  elsewhese,  and  hones 
were  exported,  chiefly  to  India,  which  has  since 
continued.     1830. 

The  "  Cumberland  disease  "  first  made  its  ap- 
pearance amongst  the  cattle  in  the  county  of 
Cumberland,  nT&W.,  Jutj,  1851. 

Sale  of  Walter  Lamb's  Greystanes  herd  of 
cattle,  New  South  Wales,  January  19,  1876. 

**  Koan  Duchess,"  a  pedicfee  heifer,  realized 
2,200  guineas  (being  the  highest  price  ever  6b- 
tttiaied  in  the  world  for  a  heifer),  at  Messrs. 
Robertson,  Brothers*  annual  sale  at  Colae,  Vic- 
toria. Mr.  S.  W.  Gardiner  was  the  purchaser. 
January,  1876. 

The  tax  on  live  stock  imported  into  Victoria 
was  carried  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  New 
South  Wales,  by  38  votes  to  22,  October  4, 
1877. 

STRIKES. 

Temporary  suspension  of  the  publication  of 
TTie  Australian,  in  consequence  oz  compositors' 
strike,  November  30,  1829. 

Compositors  on  strike,  Sydnor,  November, 
1829. 

Strike  of  A.  A.  Company's  men  at  the  Bore, 
Newcastle,  N.S.W.,  1865. 

Friendly  Socie^  of  Operative  Stonemasons 
of  New  South  Wales  (established  in  1852), 
struck  for  the  eight-hour  system,  instead  of  t^ 
hours,  February  13,  1856.  [Some  men  were  out 
for  about  a  week.  The  point  was  gained  at  the 
loss  of  28.  6d.  per  day.  Wages  reduced  from 
15a.  for  ten  hours  to  eight  hours  for  128.  6d.] 

Compositors'  Strike,  Empire  Office,  Sydney, 
1856. 

Strike  of  the  Coal  and  Copper  Company's  men, 
1858. 

Aggre^te  meeting  of  the  miners  at  St:  John's 
Church,  Newcastle,  Mr.  James  Fletcher  in  the 
chair,  February  23,  1861. 

Miners'  strike  at  the  Coal  and  Copper  Com- 
pany on  Joseph  Holmes'  accoimt,  March  8, 
1861. 

Great  open-air  meeting  held  at  Bandall's 
camp  against  the  20  per  cent,  reduction ;  Mr. 
James  Fletcher  in  the  chair ;  650  miners  present, 
August  21,  186L 

The  manager  of  the  Coal  and  Copper  Com- 
pany brought  sailors  to  the  works  to  fill  small 
*«oal  whilst  the  miners  were  on  strike.     The 
women  all  turned  out  and  fought  the  sailors, 
who  went  back  to  Newcastle.     October  5,  1861. 

Strike  took  place  in  consequence  of  the  miners 
receiving  fourteen  days'  notice  of  20  per  cent, 
reduction  from  the  coal  proprietors,  October  14^ 
1861. 

Strike  ended,  October  16,  1861. 


Meeting  of  detegates  at  Mr.  John  Snith'a, 
Newcastle,  when  a  motion  was  passed  that  the 
F  i^t  men  oome  out  on  strike  with  the  men.  at 
the  other  pits,  May  2,  1862. 

Miners'  open-air  meeting  at  Wantah,  Thooias 
Alnwick  in  the  chair.  J^m  Maointo^  one  ol 
the  speakers  on  the  occasion.     May  24^  1861^ 

Waratah  Coal  Mine  strike,  1870l 

Strike  of  cabmen,  Sydney,  Jannaiy  2, 1874. 

A  strike  at  copper>  mines,  S.  A.  A  party  of 
women  went  through  Moonta  mines  with  sticks 
and  knocked  off  all  hands.    April  7,  1874. 

Compositors'  strike  in  printing  offioea  in  Syd- 
ney, September,  1875. 

llie  operative  stonenuMonaof  Sydney  sten^ 
for  a  rise  of  Is.  per  day  in  the  wa^es  ci  compe- 
tent raaaoBB,  August  19,  1877.  [The  nsoi  re- 
mained out  a  week,  when  they  gained  their 
point  At  this  time  more  than  half  the  employtts 
of  Sydney  were  giving  the  advanced  raifee.] 

The  Anvil  Cnek  nuners  locked  out»  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1878. 

The  A.S.N.  Company's  seamen  struck  in 
Sydn^  against  the  employment  of  Chinese  on 
the  Company's  boats,  November  1%  1878. 
Strike  ended  January  1,  1879. 

Strike  of  the  carpenters  enjoyed  at  the 
International  Exhibition  Building  inthe  Domain, 
Sydney,  demanding  two  shillings  a  day  above 
the  current  rate  <n  wages,  on  uie  groimd  tiutt 
the  work  in  the  tower  of  the  building  wbb 
dangerous,  April  22,  1879.  Strike  ended  oy  the 
men  returning  to  work,  April  26,  1879. 

STRZLECKI,  Count  Paul  R,  started  to  ex- 
plore the  Snowy  mountains  and  Gippsland, 
February  6,  1840.  [iS<se  **  MxN  ofthiTdb," 
(StnUcAi).] 

STUART,  Mouin-.  Central  Mount  Stuart  is 
about  two  miles  from  the  centre  of  AnstnJiS) 
and  was  reached  by  Stnart»  April  22,  1860l 


SUDDS  AND  THOMPSON,  Case  o».  Sudds 
and  Thompson  were  two  private  scddiers  in  the 
57th  Regiment,  doing  duty  in  New  South  Wales 
in  1825,  the  second  year  of  Sir  Ralph  Daxiing's 
reign.  Thompson  was  a  well-behaved  man, 
who  had  saved  some  money;  Sudds  was  a 
loose  character.  They  both  wished  to  remain 
in  the  colony.  In  New  South  Wales  these  two 
soMiers  saw  men  who  had  arrived  as  oonvids 
settled  on  snug  farms,  established  in  good  shops, 
or  become  even  wealthy  merchants  and  stock- 
owners.  As  to  procure  their  discharge  was  oat 
of  the  question,  Sudds,  the  scamp,  suggested  to 
Thompson  that  they  should  qualify  themselves 
for  the  good  fortune  of  convicts,  and  procure 
their  discharge  by  becoming  felons.  Accord- 
ingly, they  went  together  to  the  sho^  of  a 
Sydney  tradesman,  and  openly  stole  a  piece  of 
cloth — ^were,  as  they  intended,  caught,  tried, 
convicted,  and  sentenced  to  be  transported  to 
one  of  the  auxiliary  penal  settlements  for  seven 
years.  In  the  course  of  the  trial  the  object  of 
the  crime  was  clearly  elicited.  It  became  evi- 
dent that  the  discipline  of  the  troops  required 


SUGABr-SWINDLERS. 


263 


to  keep  guard  over  the  laxge  ooiiTict  popofattioiEi 
would  De  aerioualy  endangered  if  the  oommianon 
of  a  crime  enabled  a  aolaier  to  obtain  the  rape- 
nor  food,  condition,  and  proepects  enioyed  by  a 
criminaL  Accordiiurly,  Sir  Ralph  Darling  iflsaed 
an  order  under  whida  the  two  soldiers,  who  had 
been  tried  and  convicted,  were  taken  from  the 
hands  of  the  civil  power,  and  condenmed  to 
work  in  chains  on  the  roads  of  the  colony  for 
the  full  term  of  their  sentence,  after  which  they 
were  to  return  to  service  in  the  ranks.  On  an 
^pointed  day  the  garrison  of  Sydney  were 
aesembled  ana  formed  in  a  hollow  square.  The 
culprits  were  brought  out,  their  uniforms  stripped 
<^  and  replaced  oy  the  convict  dress ;  iron- 
spiked  collars  and  heavy  chains,  made  expressly 
for  the  purpose  by  order  of  the  Govem(»>,  were 
riveted  to  their  necks  and  legs  [these  instru- 
ments of  torture  are  now  in  the  Colonial  Secre- 
tsiy's  office,  Sydney],  and  then  they  were 
drammed  out  of  the  Regiment,  and  marched 
back  to  gaol  to  the  tune  of  "The  Rogue*s 
March.'*  Sudds,  who  was  in  bad  health  at  the 
time  (from  an  affection  of  the  liver),  overcome 
with  shame,  grief,  and  disappointment — op- 
pressed by  his  duuns,  and  exhausted  by  the 
heat  of  the  sun  on  the  day  of  the  exposure  in 
the  barrack-square — died  in  a  few  days.  Thomp- 
son became  insane.  A  great  outcry  was  raised 
in  the  colony :  the  opposition  paper  attacked, 
the  official  Pf per  defended,  the  action  of  the 
Governor.  The  colony  became  divided  into  two 
parties.  Until  the  end  of  his  administration, 
^oir  Ralph  Darling,  whose  whole  system  was  a 
compound  of  mmtary  despotism  and  bureau- 
cracy, was  pertinaciouidy  worried  for  this  action 
towards  Sudds  and  Ijiompson  by  a  section 
which  included  some  of  the  best  and  some  of  the 
worst  men  in  the  colony.  1825.  [See  "Men 
or  THE  Tims  "  {Darling,  Balj^)] 

SUGAR,  Manufactuke  or. 

Sugar  first  manufactured  from  cane  grown  in 
the  colony  at  Port  Macquarie,  under  the  super- 
intendence of  Mr.  Scott ;  600  acres  were  planted 
with  cane,  and  it  was  stated  that  the  sugar  and 
rum  produced  repaid  the  Government  for  their 
outlay.     1824. 

First  ton  of  Queensland  sugar  made  at  Captain 
Hope's  works,  September  9,  1864. 

First  parcel  of  Queensland  sugar  sold  at 
Ipswich,  February  8,  1866. 

Sixty -three  susar  mills  manufactured  150,744 
cwt.  sugar,  beside  78,823  gallons  and  1,667  tons 
molasses.  The  two  sugar  refineries  turned  out 
259,650  cwt  of  sugar  ;  150,737  |;allon8  of  rum 
were  distilled  from  molasses  m  New  South 
Wales.     1878. 

12,2|43i  tons  of  sugar  manufactured  in  73 
mills  in  Queensland  for  year  ending  March  31, 
1878. 

SUICIDE,  Attemfted.  A  female  convict,  de- 
tected stealing  a  fiat-iron,  hung  herself  up  to  the 
ridge  pole  of  her  tent,  but  was  cut  down  alive, 
shortly  after  the  formation  of  the  settlement  at 
Sydney,  N.S.W.,  April  6,  1788. 


SUICIDES. 

The  first  raicide  in  New  South  Wales  was 
that  of  a  man  who  hun^  himself  in  gaol,  1803. 

The  Spanish  Consul  in  Svdney  committed 
suicide  oy  throwing  himself  from  a  window. 
May  28,  1869. 

Mr.  John  De  Haga,  opera  sinser,  committed 
suicide  by  shooting  himself  at  W^illiamstown, 
near  Melbourne,  October  12,  1872. 

SUICIDES  IN  AUSTRALASIA  for  year  ending 

December  31,  1877  :— 

PopuImtioiL  No. 

N«w  Sooth  Wales 662,212  66 

New  Zealand 417,622  88* 

QueenalaiMl 203,064  f 

South  Australia 286,864  17 

TunuLDia 107,104  0 

Victoria 860,787  92 

Wettera  AiutralJa 27,888  t 

*  There  were  in  addition  to  this  number  inquests  held 
on  22  persons  found  dead,  42  drowned,  and  4  hanged, 
t  Not  given  in  the  statistics  of  the  Colony. 

SURVEY.  Geolo^cal  survey  of  Victoria  com- 
menced, April,  ISS. 

SURVEYING  SQUADRON.  The  "  Porpoise," 
"Cato,"  and  "Bridgewater,"  comprising  the 
Surveying  Squadron,  sailed  for  England,  August 
10,  1803. 

SURVEYOR  -  GENERALS,    N.S.W.,   karlt. 

Augustus  Alt,  Surveyor-General  of  New  South 
Wales,  from  April  13,  1801. 

Charles  Grimes,  Surveyor-GJeneral  of  New 
South  Wales,  from  March  5,  1804. 

John  Oxley,  Surveyor-General  of  New  South     V 
Wales,  from  January  I,  1812^  May,  1828.         ^  ,  *    , 

Sir  Thomas  Mitchell,  May^^^  to  Oct.  5, 1856.  fif^ 

SWIMMING.  Professor  Cavill  swam  eighteen 
miles  on  the  Yarra  (Victoria)  in  5  hours  68 
minutes,  March  1,  1879.  First  public  perform- 
ance at  Sydney,  May  17,  1879. 

SWINDLERS,  NoroMoua 

John  Vow,  alias  LuUereU  alias  Edward  Lord 
Vi$count  Lcueellea  was  tried  and  convicted  of 
forgery,  and  transported  for  life,  May  6,  1833. 
[In  his  assumed  title  this  impostor  travelled 
through  New  South  Wales  several  months  as 
Her  Majesty^s  Commissioner  to  make  inquiry 
into  the  state  of  the  prison  population.] 

John  Thomas  WiUon  absconded  from  the 
colony  in  the  brig  "Venus,"  which  vessel  he 
had  bought  some  time  previously.  He  had 
shipped  on  board  of  her  a  full  cargo,  purchased 
from  a  neat  number  of  the  Sydnev  merchants 
and  tradesmen.  His  debts  amounted  to  upwards 
of  £30,000.  He  left  the  Commercial  Wharf 
by  the  "  Sophia  Jane  "  steamer,  proposing  only  to 

go  down  the  harbour  a  little  way,  giving  a  porter 
is  horse  to  hold  until  he  returned ;  ne,  how- 
ever, proceeded  to  sea,  and  boarded  the  brig 
outside  the  Heads.  October  19,  1839.  [The 
great  bulk  of  the  property  he  left  behind  was 
claimed  by  Mr.  A.  Polack,  but  the  conveyance 
bein^;  proved  faulty,  he  a^ed  to  pay  all  the 
creditors  75  per  cent,  off  their  respective  clauns.] 


264 


SWINDLERa 


Franciaeo  Miranda,  This  extraordinary  indi- 
vidual,  who  victimized  the  Joint  Stock  Bank, 
Sydney,  to  a  large  amount,  appears  to  have  pro- 
ceeded on  a  most  methodical  phui.  In  June, 
1857,  he  staved  at  the  "  Charing  Cross  Hotel," 
London,    where  his    businesa-l^e    habits    and 

Eunctuality  of  payment  obtained  for  him  a 
kvourable  opinion  from  all  who  had-any  desJinss 
with  him.  Ihiring  the  time  he  was  there  his 
correspondence  was  very  voluminous,  and  the 

Sorter  who  posted  some  of  his  letters  stated  that 
e  wrote  to  distinguished  people  in  all  parts  of 
the  world.  Letters  were  received  by  the  Joint 
Stock  Bank  in  Sydney  from  Messrs.  Baring 
Brothers,  the  wealthy  bankers  of  London,  men- 
tioning that  Mr.  Miranda  was  likely  to  call  in 
Sydnev,  on  his  tour,  and  askine  the  Bank  to 
assist  nim  in  his  transactions  to  l£e  best  of  their 
power,  at  the  same  time  enclosing  letters  of 
credit  in  his  favour  to  the  amount  of  £15,000, 
and  bills  on  a  house  in  Hongkong  amounting 
to  £5,000.  On  October  12,  1857,  Don  Antonio 
Anom  de  Ayala,  Spanish  Consul  at  Sydney,  was 
called  on  by  Miranda,  who  (in  the  absence  of  a 
Portugese  C'Onsul)  presented  to  him  his  pass- 
port, duly  signed,  sealed,  and  viz^d  at  several 
places,  and  asked  him  to  introduce  him  to  the 
bank  manager,  a  request  a£  once  complied  with. 
Francisco  Miranda,  having  determined  upon 
purchasing  an  estate  in  the  colonies,  decided 
upon  one  near  Melbourne,  and  having  instructed 
the  bank  to  cash  his  bills  drawn  on  Hongkong, 
he  obtamed  a  letter  of  credit  from  them  upon 
the  Bank  of  Austridia,  Melbourne,  and  left 
for  that  place  ;  wherd  he  drew  the  whole  of 
the  amount  (upwards  of  £19,(X)0)  out  of  the 
bank  in  cold,  and  on  January  30,  1858,  sent 
his  trunks  to  the  Caitlemaine  coach -office ; 
but  he  arriving  too  late*  his  trunks  were  not 
sent  on,  and  he  applied  at  the  office  for  per- 
mission to  leave  them  there  till  next  day.  Of 
course  this  was  granted,  and  the  next  day  he 
called  for  them,  and  from  that  day  Francisco 
Miranda  was  amongst  the  missing.  The  Spanish 
Consul,  who  had  formed  a  high  opinion  of  him, 
was  under  the  impression  that  he  had  been  mur- 
dered for  the  sake  of  the  large  amount  of  gold 
he  had  in  his  possession ;  but  the  Melbourne 
police  found  out  that  a  French  gentleman, 
named  Monsieur  Le  Prairie,  had  sailed  for 
Callao  in  the  "Oood  Intent"  some  few  hours 
after  Miranda  had  removed  his  boxes  from  the 
coach-office,  and  from  the  description  of  the 
gentleman  there  was  no  doubt  that  he  and 
Francisco  Miranda  were  one  and  the  same  per- 
son. Letters  from  England  were  soon  aner- 
wards  received  by  the  oank,  stating  tiiat  both 
the  letters  of  credit  and  bills  of  exchange  were 
forgeries.  His  swindling  transactions  were  on 
the  most  magnificent  scale,  in  Australia  and 
Cape  Colony,  some  of  the  most  influential  mer- 
cantile firms  having  been  the  victims  of  the 
impostor.  The  account  of  his  doings,  if  read 
in  a  novel,  would  be  deemed  gross  exaggeration, 
but  it  was  far  exceeded  by  the  actual  facts. 

Charles    Woodman  Easticood,   accountant  in 
the  Railway  Department,  New  South  Wales, 


absconded.  His  enlbeszlementB  of  Govemment 
money  commenced  in  1863,  and  oontinaed  until 
January,  1867.  He  used  to  falsify  the  daily 
bank  vouchers.  His  total  de&lcations  amonnted 
to  £6,652.     1867. 

Count  Von  AUems.  In  December,  1867,  a 
centlemanly-looking  young  man,  calling  himself 
Count  Von  Attems,  arrived  at  Morley's  hotel, 
Trafalear-square,  London,  where  he  remained 
until  January  11,  1868,  when  he  sailed  in  the 
ship  "Northampton"  for  Sydney.  Whilst  at 
Morley's  he  engaged  a  valet  (named  Auguste 
Stelzer)  to  accompany  him  abroad ;  and  the  first 
day  they  were  at  sea,  he  told  Anguste  not  to 
dare  to  tsklk  English  to  any  one  on  board,  or  he 
would  shoot  him.  The  "  Northampton  "  arrived 
in  Sydney  April  19,  1868,  when  the  Count  took 
up  his  quarters  at  the  "  Royal  Hotel,"  Sydney, 
remaining  here  for  about  a  month,  his  bill  during 
that  time  amounting  to  £200.  He  then  removed 
to  a  house  in  Riclmiond-terrace,  next  door  to 
that  occupied  by  the  Prussian  Consul,  and 
resided  there  until  the  beginning  of  June. 
Representing  himself  to  be  connected  with  the 
Royal  family  of  Austria,  by  means  of  forged 
credentials  he  imposed  upon  the  merchants  and 
inhabitants  of  Sydney,  fleecinff  the  former  to  a 
large  extent.  He  was  followed  about  and  made 
much  of  by  a  few  tuft-hunters,  who  considered 
it  laudable  to  be  on  familiar  terms  with  a  scion 
of  royalty  "travelling  incognita  on  a  special 
mission."  He  even  borrowed  twenty -seven 
pounds  from  his  valet,  the  savings  of  the  unfor- 
tunate young  man  in  his  previous  situation. 
But  eveiybody  seemed  ready  to  assist  him  with 
their  cash,  equipages,  and  houses ;  and  for  many 
months  the  "Count  Von  Attems"  was  a  con- 
spicuous figure  in  the  public  and  private  sociel^ 
of  Sydney.  Von  Attems  purchaised  the  yacht 
"  Hamlet's  Ghost"  in  Sydney,  and  sailed  in  it 
for  Melbourne,  promising  his  creditors  that  he 
would  speedily  return.  He  left  his  valet  Auguste 
behind  him,  having  victimized  him  to  the  amount 
of  one  hundred  and  seven  pounds  for  waces  and 
cash  borrowed.  In  Queensland  he  contmned  a 
similar  career,  his  swindles  amounting  to  many 
thousands  of  pounds,  and  then  sailed  for  Batavia, 
where  the  "Countship"  exploded,  and  he  was 
captured  and  sentenced  to  twenty-two  years' 
imprisonment  with  hard  labour,  lliree  several 
times  has  he  made  most  desperate  efforts  to 
escape,  and  in  one  instance  was  very  nearly  suc- 
cessful, havinff  assumed  the  role  of  a  Captain 
Stone  of  the  U.  S.  Army,  and  provided  himself 
with  forced  documents  to  prove  his  identity, 
and  also  Tetters  of  credit  and  bills  of  exchange. 
1868. 

Some  extensive  forgeries  and  frauds  were  dis- 
covered in  the  Real  Property  Office,  B^sbane. 
S.  L.  Petersen  confessed  a  guilty  knowledge 
of  them,  and  absconded.  Petersen  was  arrested 
on  October  13.  It  was  i)roved  that  £900 
of  the  funds  of  the  South  ^isbane  Mechanics' 
Institute  had  been  misappropriated.  October  7» 
1878. 

[See  Treeyx,  Josiah  ;  also,  Criiues.] 


SWORD  MATCH— SYDNEY. 


265 


SWORD  MATCH,  Champion.  Match  be- 
tween the  champion  gwordsmen  of  New  South 
Wales  and  Victoria,  Winterbottom  and  Parker, 
for  £50  aside,  at  the  Lyceum  Theatre,  Sydney. 
The  former  was  declared  victor.    July,  1861. 

SYDNEY,  New  South  Waub. 

Sydney,  the  capital  of  New  South  Wales, 
situated  on  the  shores  of  Port  Jackson  (named 
in  honour  of  Thomas  Townshend  Viscount  Syd- 
ney), has  a  population  (1879)  of  200,000  inhabi- 
tants. It  possesses  many  fine  shops,  warehouses, 
government  buildinffs,  cathedrals,  and  educational 
establishments,  andprivate  residences.  Amongst 
the  many  channing  reserves  for  the  recreation  of 
the  people  are  Hyde  Park,  area  40  acres ;  the 
Domain,  138  acres;  Prince  Alfred  Park,  18 
acres;  Belmore  Park,  10  acres;  Moore  Park, 
600  acres, ;  and  more  particularly  the  Botanic 
Gardens,  area  38  acres. 

An  emu  laa  throucrh  Sydney  and  wm  ihot  It  stood  7 
feet  four  inches  hlffh.   March,  i;88. 

On  the  first  oelebrmUon  of  the  King's  birthday  in  New 
South  Wales  the  name  of  Sydney  was  proposed  as 
Albion.    June  4, 18781  ■ 

ButhaUUrf  Bay.  So  named  because  in  earlv  days,  as 
indeed  now,  rushes  were  most  plentiful  there,  and 
several  pereons  obtained  a  living  "by  cutting  them  to 
make  beds  for  horses.  Two  persons  were  murdered 
who  went  to  cut  rushes  there.    1788. 

The  Governor  laid  down  the  lines  of  a  regular  town,  the 
principal  street  extending  one  mile  in  a  westerly  direc- 
tion from  the  landing  place  called  Sydney  Cove,  July, 
1790. 

Sydney  tanks  commenced  to  be  hewn  out,  November, 
1791.  [These  tanks  supplied  Sydney  with  water  for 
many  years.] 

Fort  Macquarie  Battery,  Sydney  harbour,  completed, 
October  84, 1808. 

First  visit  of  New  Zealanders  to  Sydney,  N.8.W.,  Novem- 
ber 28, 1805. 

The  town  of  Sydney  divided  into  five  districts,  with 
police  and  watchhouses  for  each  and  streets  named 
and  organized  by  regulation.     Names  of  streets  in 

Sydney  prodaimed,  October  6, 1810  :— 
Oeorge-street,  in  honour  of  the  King. 
Pitt-streeL  in  honour  of  Pitt. 
CSastlereagh-street,  in  honour  of  Lord  Gsstleresgh. 
Tork-street,  in  honour  of  Duke  of. 
Clarence-staneet,  in  honour  of  Duke  of. 
Kent-street,  in  honour  of  Duke  of. 
Sussex-street,  in  honour  of  Duke  of. 
Phillip-street,  in  honour  of  Oovemor. 
Maoquarie-street,  in  honour  of  Governor. 
Hunter-street,  in  honour  of  Governor. 
BUgh-etreet,  in  honour  of  Governor. 
Kiiv-street,  in  honour  of  Governor. 
Gouubum-etreet,  in  honour  of  first  Colonial  Secretary. 
Elisabeth-street,  in  honour  of  Mrs.  Macquarie. 

After  the  deposiuon  of  Governor  Bligb,  his  successor. 
Colonel  Patenon  (who  was  not  in  any  way  connected 
with  Bligh's  deposition),  acceded  to  Bligh's  request  to 
idlow  him  to  return  to  England  in  the  **  Porpoise  '*  on 
certain  conditions.  These  were  that  Bligh  should  em- 
bark with  his  family,  put  to  sea,  and  go  straight  to 
England  without  touching  at  any  part  of  the  territory 
until  he  received  the  instructions  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment, and  that  while  he  remained  he  would  not  ioter- 
fere  in  the  government  of  the  colony.  History  informs 
us;:  "  Having  solemnly  pledged  his  honour  as  an  officer 
anid  a  gentleman  to  the  unequivocal  observance  of  the 
stipulationa  made  bv  Lieutenant-Governor  Paterson, 
Bligh  no  sooner  put  his  foot  on  the  deck  of  the  '  Por* 
poise '  than  he  threw  his  promises  to  the  winds.  Lieu- 
tenant Kent  was  the  commander  of  H.M.S. '  Porpoise,' 
and  Bligh  instantly  ordered  him  to  batter  down  the 
town  of  Sydney,  and  to  direct  his  guns  against  the  mer- 
chant ship  *  Admiral  Gambler,'  then  ready  for  sea, 
and  in  wluch  Major  Johnston  and  Captain  Macarthur 
had  taken  passage  for  England,  so  as  to  be  present  at 


the  inquiry  which  they  knew  would  take  place  as  to 
their  conduct  in  deposing  the  Governor.  Lieutenant 
Kent,  however,  refused  to  obey  these  shameful  orders, 
and  was  placed  bv  Bligh  under  arrest,  ostensibly  for 
having  taken  the  'Porpoise '  to  Hobart Town  to  zetch 
FMerson  to  Sydney.  Kent  was  in  confinement  for  two 
years  before  his  trial  by  court  nuulial  took  place  hi 
Gngiand,  when  be  was  acquitted."    1808. 

The  public  markets,  Sydney,  opened,  October  20, 1810. 

A  bridge  built  in  Bridge-street  to  connect  the  east  and 
west  portions  of  Sydney,  1811. 

Boatmen  first  licensed  to  ply  in  the  harbour,  and  carts 
and  carriages  for  burthen  ordered  to  be  numbered, 
March,  1813. 

Mrs.  Macquarie's  road  round  the  inside  of  the  Govern- 
ment Domain,  measuring  8  miles  877  yards,  completed 
June  18, 1818. 

The  first  public  wharf,  known  as  the  Queen's  Wharf, 
completed  at  the  commencement  of  1818. 

Hyde  Park  Barracks  first  occupied,  June  4, 1810. 

Foundation  stone  of  Supreme  Oourt  laid  in  Sydney, 
June  4, 1819. 

St.  James'  Church  opened,  January  5, 1822. 

The  Sydney  Bethel  Institution  started  by  a  "well-wisher 
to  seamen,"  September  6, 1822. 

Mts.  Fry's  Newgate  mison  women  arrived  in  Sydney  in 
the  "Moiley,^  1822. 

The  well-known  Riley  Estate,  purchased  by  Mrs.  Ann 
Riley  for  £2,290.    It  was  100  acres  in  extent.    1822. 

Rev.  Dr.  Lang  arrived.  May  8, 1828. 

Hie  foundation  stone  of  the  first  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  colony  was  lidd  on  Church  Hill  by  His  Excellent^ 
Sir  Thomas  Brisbane,  July  1, 1824. 

Campbell's  (fint  private)  wharf  erected  in  Sydney,  1824. 

The  name  of  Darling  Harbour  substituted  for  Cockle 
Bay,  April,  1826. 

A  tunnel  commenced  to  convey  water  from  swamps. 
Botany  to  Sydney,  under  direction  of  Mr.  James 
Busby,  tfinenl  Surveyor.  The  work  was  known  as 
Busby's  tunnel.    September,  1827. 

Aiutrallan  Free  Library  established,  December  1, 1827. 

Mr.  Humphreys,  Chia  Police  Magistrate,  died,  June, 
182a 

The  Court-house  in  King-street  finished,  August,  1828. 

Cattle  and  other  live  stock  market  removed  from  George- 
street  to  the  Haymarket.  July  2, 1829. 

OpeninflT  of  the  Royal  Hotel  Concert-room,  GeoTge-street, 
by  Mr.  Levey,  proprietor,  August  20, 1829. 

The  foundation  stone  of  the  Sydney  College  laid  by  his 
Honor  Chief  Justice  Forbes.  This  institution  was 
establifhed  by  a  company,  the  caplud  being  £10,000  in 
200  shares.    January  26, 1830. 

The  Government  Domain  first  thrown  open  to  the  public, 
September  18, 1881. 

Rev.  George  Innes,  M.A.,  appointed  Head  Master  of  the 
King's  School,  to  be  openedf  in  Sydney,  January  2, 1832. 

The  Australian  Collq^e  (Dr.  Lang's)  opened  in  Sydn^, 
1882. 

The  Mechanics'  School  of  Arts  first  formed  in  Sydney, 
March  22, 1833. 

The  Australian  Steam  Navigation  Board  first  formed, 
April  12,  1888. 

A  public  meeting  held  to  adopt  a  petition  to  the 
Governor  and  Council  against  the  appropriation  of 
any  portion  of  the  revenue  to  the  payment  of  the 
salaries  and  pensions  granted  for  services  not  per- 
formed in  the  colony.  This  wss  caused  in  conse- 
quence of  the  pension  of  £760  being  paid  from  the 
Colonial  revenue,  which  bad  been  granted  to  Mr. 
Mscleay  by  the  Imperial  Parliament  for  services 
rendered  in  Englltnd ;  and  also  for  a  further  sum  of 
£550  per  annum  to  be  paid  to  Mr.  Busby,  appointed 
by  the  Home  Government  to  look  after  the  inter- 
ests of  the  inhabitants  of  New  Zealand,  particularly  as 
regarded  the  rights  of  the  natives  of  that  island, 
which  the  petitioners  declared  were  in  direct  contra- 
vention of  the  laws,  and  were  equally  opposed  to 
those  principles  of  equity  upon  which  the  law  was 
founded.  The  adoption  of  this  petition  Was  moved  by 
Mr.  Wentworth,  and  seconded  by  E.  S.  Hall.    1888. 

It  was  publicly  observed  that  the  accumulation  of  mud 
was  carried  into  the  head  at  Sydney  Cove  by  the  Tank 
Stream,  and  that  it  was  endsjigering  the  efficiency  of 
the  harbour,  and  rendering  the  atmosphere  unwhole- 
some.   1883. 


266 


TAMAR— TASMANIA. 


Hie  Port  of  Bydnej  deotatfsd  a  free  port  liy  oider  of  the 
Lordfl  ConuDinkmen  of  the  A<taunlt3r;  under  thig 
privilege  ▼eaMbi  of  foreign  oetkHW  were  allowed  to 
knd  end  wardioiMe  cargoes  f<nr  ezpoiteitioii.    1S88. 

SydkMy  StrteU— 

Victoria-street        "N 
Brougfaam-street     | 

SSSSr  l-Woonoomooloa 

Dowling-street        j 
Forfoes-street         ) 

The  above  six  streets  were  so  named  by  tiie  late  Sir 
James  Dowling.  He  first  opened  them  in  oonsequenoe 
of  their  being  on  his  own  land.  Yictoria-street  wsa  so 
named  after  Qoeen  Victoria^  Broug)iam<street  after 
Lord  Broagham,  Dowling-street  after  himself,  and 
Forbes-street  after  Sir  Ftands  Forbes.    18S4. 

Some  land  sold  in  Sydney  at  the  rate  of  £10^000  per 

acre,  1834. 
Mr.  John  Stephen  elected  Freddent  of  the  Ffttriotic 

Association,  18S5. 
The   Proprietary    Svdney  Collie  opened  mider   the 

superintendence  of  Hr.w.  T.  (^pe,  l^Sfi. 

Sydney  Gas  Light  Company  established  April  18, 1830. 

Australian  Museum  established  188& 

Bishop  Broughton  arrived  Jane  2, 1836. 

Great  fall  of  snow  near  Sydney,  known  as  "Snowy 
Monday."  June  28, 1837. 

The  aqueduct  from  Botany  to  Svdney,  which  was  com- 
menced in  1827,  was  completed  in  1887.  [The  length  of 
the  tunnel  was  12,000  feet,  its  avenge  depth  five,  and 
its  width  four  feet.  The  total  cost  of  tne  aqueduct 
was  £22,000.  The  work  was  done  entirely  l^  convict 
labour,  whidi  was  estfanated  to  be  two-thirds  less  than 
free  labour.] 

Victoria  Theatre  opened  March  17, 1838. 

The  Sydney  Botanic  Gardens  thrown  open  to  the  public 
April  30, 1888. 

The  first  show  of  the  Fkmd  and  Horticoltaxal  Society 
took  pkce  September  19. 1888. 

Foundation  stone  <A  Christ  Church  laid  Januaiy  1, 
1840. 

Foundation  stone  of  Trinity  Church  laid  June  28, 1840. 

Gas  first  used  for  llirhting  the  shops,  and  the  Company 
gave  a  brilliant  iuummation  on  Church  Hill  on  the 
occasion.  May  24, 184L 

Government  House  first  oocinded  and  especially  fitted 
in>  for  the  celebration  of  Her  Majesty's  birthday', 
l^y  24, 1843. 

Prisoners  for  debt  first  removed  from  Carter's  Barracks 
to  Darlinghurst  gaol,  December  81, 1843. 

The  owner  of  an  unlicensed  still  in  Sydney  fined  £600, 
1843. 

Great  distren  prevailed  in  Sydn^  amongst  the  working 
classes  for  want  of  employment.  £1,000  was  voted  by 
the  Council  for  the  purpose  of  sending  a  portion  oi  the 
unemployed  into  the  interior.  1843. 

First  peal  of  bells  heard  in  Australia  ushered  in  the  new 
year  from  the  tower  of  St  Mary's  (R.C.  Cathedral), 
January  1, 1844. 

The  foundation  stone  dl  the  first  Bethel  Chapel  was  laid, 
April  24. 1844. 

Street  roboeries  prevalent  in  Sydn^ — ^Hr.  Noble  miXr- 
dered  in  his  own  bed  by  three  niMans,  who  were  after- 
wards executed  for  the  crime.    1844. 

The  first  meetinsr  of  the  subscribers  to  the  Sydney  Dis- 
pensary, after  its  extension  as  an  infirmary,  when  Drs. 
Macfarlane  and  Fullerton  were  elected  the  first  physi- 
danSy  and  Messrs.  Nathan  and  M'O  ve  Uie  first  surgeons 
of  that  institution.    March  26, 1845. 

A  great  scaitdty  of  water  experienced,  when  it  was  sug- 
gested that  water  should  be  conveyed  from  the  Nepean 
River  by  moans  of  an  aqueduct,  1850. 

pOTt  Jackson  became  a  free  port  by  an  Act  abolishing 
harbour  dues,  entry  and  clearance  fees,  and  lighthouse 
and  water  police  dues,  1862. 

Foundation  stone  of  Sydney  Exchange  laid  by  Governor 

Fitsroy,  1868. 
The  works  for  the  defence  of  the  harbour  commenced  at 

Pinchgut  (now  Fort  Draison),  Lady  Maoquarie's  chair, 

and  other  places  in  the  harbour,  1868. 
The  American  steamer  *'  Golden  Age  "  arrived  in  Sydney, 

January  6, 1864. 
Banquet  m  honour  of  St.  Patrick's  Day,  March  17, 1854. 


Qydnqr  Exchange,  ooefciiig  £t6,00(^  opened  by  Btt*. 

Denison,  December  30. 1857. 
PubficSoup  Kitchen  established  in  Sydney,  June  I^  1887. 
Foundation  stone  of  Sydney  Town  Hall  laid  by  H  JLH. 

Doke  of  Edinburgh,  April  4, 1888. 
A  number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen  visit  tbe  foondiy  of 

Messrs.  P.  N.  Russell  and  Co.,  to  witness  the  castiiig 

of  a  large  bell  for  the  new  PostOflloe,  August  12, 1871. 
Foundation  stone  of  Protestant  HaU  bid  by  BisiMp 

Barker,  November  0, 1876. 
The  foundation  stcme  of  the  new  Crown  Lands  OffleeshJd 

by  Hon.  T.  Garrett,  Minister  for  Unds,  Oetober  T,  1878L 
Hie  Botany  raafai  bant  and  oansed  a  water  faBsine  in 

Sydney  for  two  days,  1878. 
Parliamentary  dinner  given  to  Alderman  Maoarthu; 

M.P.,  of  London,  November  29, 1878. 


T. 


TAMAR,  River,  TasmaniA,  discovered  and 
named  by  Admiral  d'Entrecasteaux  and  Oftptain. 
Hnon  Kermondee,  April  20,  17)2 ;  tracea  and 
named  by  Colonel  Patterson,  1806.  (The  whole 
of  the  Tamar  river,  as  far  as  its  junction  with  the 
North  and  South  Esk  rivers,  was  formerly  called 
Port  Dalrymple.]    [Set  Dal&tmpli,  Port.] 

TARIFF.  A  despatch  from  Lord  Kimberley, 
objecting  to  the  complex  tariff  between  the 
Australian  colonies,  received  July  18,  1871. 

TASMAN,  Captain  Abel  Jansen,  a  skilful 
Dutch  navigator,  sailed  from  Batavia  on  a 
voyage  of  diiuDoveryj  August  14,  1642. 

TASMANIA  {origmaUy  Van  Dixmsn's  Land, 
imtU  1854))  discovered  by  Tasman,  November 
24,  1642.  [Tasmania  is  situated  between  the 
parallels  of  40"  30'  and  43"*  33'  south  latitude, 
and  144°  and  148*  meridians  of  east  longitude, 
and  divided  from  Australia  by  Bass's  Straits : 
length  170  miles,  breadth  160  miles,  area 
15,751,500  acres,  or  with  lakes  and  islands, 
16,778,000  acres,  or  26,215  square  miles.] 

Fredericlc  Hemskiric  Bay,  so  named,  by  its  discoverer, 
Tasman,  in  bonoor  of  a  etadtbolder  (diief  ruler)  of  the 
Netherlands,  December  1, 1642. 

Marion  ]>a  Freane,  in  the  "Maacarion,"  arrived  off  the 
west  ooaat  of  Van  IHemen's  Land,  March  8, 1772. 

Captain  Fobiae  Fomeaux,  in  H.B.M.  "  AdTentnre," 
made  the  West  Otpe,  and  anchored  in  DnSntrecasteaux 
Channel,  March  9, 1778. 

OH>tain  Coolc,  with  H.M.S.  "  Rewylation"  and  "  Dis- 
covery/' made  the  8.  W.  cape  of  AnstraUa,  and,  after 
steering'  eastward,  aneh(nrea  in  Adveatoie  Bay,  Jan- 
nary  24,  1777. 

Captain  Bli^h,  in  the  "  Bounty,"  anchored  in  Adven- 
ture Bay,  and,  liaving  landed,  planted  there  a  number 
of  Burcmean  frnit>tree8, 1788. 

Admiml  Bruni  D'Entrecasteanx,  in  the  *' RadMrehe,*" 
and  Huon  Kermondee,  in  the  "Esperanoe,**  visited 
Tasmania  and  discovered  D'Entrecasteaux  Otonnwl  and 
the  Riviere  dn  Noid.    1702. 

The  Huon  River,  named  after  Huon  Kennoodee  a 
Frenchman,  who  commanded  the  **  BqiManoe,*'  1792. 

Captain  Tobias  Fumeaux,  In  H.M.S.  **  Adventure," 
viMted  Tasmania,  and  gave  it  as  his  oofaiion  ttiat  no 
strait  existed  between  the  island  and  New  HoUand, 
but  "  a  very  deep  bay.**    1798. 

"  Hie  Dulce  and  Duchess  of  darsnoe*'  ship  aoohorod 
in  Adventure  Bay  tmder  the  command  of  Oonunodore 
John  Hayes,  who  named  the  Derwent  (BivUie  du 
Nord  of  D'Entrecasteaux,)  1794. 

Bass  and  Flinders  discovered  the  entruioe  of  th*  river 
Tunar,  November  8, 1798. 


TASttANIA. 


scr 


tVaAm  mad  B— lyloffwlTMMMiiMi  ooMt,  Mid  BHn«d 
Port  Daliymple  in  honor  of  Alex.  Daliymple^  of 
the  Admiralty.  November,  1798. 

Bus  Mid  fflinoen  entered  the  Derwent  RiTer  on 
December  7,  proceeding  ee  Im  as  SuUlvaB's  Oojcl  the 
nrescDt  site  of  Hobart  Town,  having  estaWirtiad  the 
fact  of  the  insularity  of  Van  DiemeiTs  Land.  Deoem- 
ber  S8, 1796. 

MS  aoGheved  his  sloop,  the  "NorfoUc,"  hi  Port  Jack- 
eon,  having  established  the  tect  of  the  insolaiilj  of 
IWmania,  and   the  Governor  of  Vem  South   wales 
mrned  the  paes^re  "  Bass's  Straits,"  January  U,  1790. 
left  the  Derwent,  and  returned  to  BjdA«y,  Janoaiy 

m   1799, 

ffis  Majesty  the  Khic  of  Enfl^d's  richt  to  Van 
Diemen's  Land  established  by  prockmatum,  and  the 
directions  given  to  Lieutenant  John  Bowen,  of  H.M.S. 
**OIatton,'^to  fonn  an  establishment  on  the  island, 
he  assuming  the  title  oi  Commandant  and  Superin- 
tendent, March  29, 1808. 

Lieutenant  Bowen  sailed  in  the  "  Lady  Nugent**  to  form 
a  settlement  in  Van  Diemen's  Land,  June  28, 1808. 

Tint  settlement  formed  in  Van  Diemen's  land  by 
Lieutenant  Bowen,  Surgeon,  Jacob  Monntearret,  three 
soldiers,  and  ten  male  and  6  fOmale  pnsonen,  who 
settled  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Derwent,  at  Bestdown  or 
Risdon  Cove,  having  left  Sydney  in  the  scbo<Mier  "  I^dy 
Nelson"  on  June  28^    August  10, 1808. 

>nival  On  the  "Oeeen'O  «t  SuOivan's  Oove  (Hobart 
TownX  Derwent  River,  of  first  detachment  of  Port 
Phillip  settlers  (who  had  abandoned  that  pkoe  ss  unfit 
for  habitation)  to  form  new  settlement  in  'Awmania 
under  ehane  of  Colonel  ColHns,  as  Ueuteaant-Oover- 
nor.  The  nte  chosen  by  the  partv  was  Sullivan's  Cove, 
called  Hobart  Town,  in  honour  of  Lord  Hobart,  head  of 
the  Colonial  oflloe.   January  80, 18M. 

OPFicnui  OF  THB  Niw  SnmuiiuuiT. 

Rev.  R.  Knopwood,  Chaplain. 

1EL  Bromley,  Surgeon  Supeiintendent 

W.  Anson,  Colonial  Surgeon. 

W,  Horfey }"  A«*«*"*  Suigeonfc 

P.  H.  Humphrey,  Mineralogist. 

Lieutenant  Fosbrook,  Deputy  Conumtasaiy-QenecaL 

O.  P.  Harris,  Deputy  Surveyor. 

Wm  F^^mm  }^i'P^Um6mt»  of  Convicts. 

Lieutenants  Sladen,  Johnson,  and  Lord,  with  44  marines, 
in  chaige  of  867  convicts. 


Arrival  of  the  second  vessel  at  Hobart  Town,  February 
16,  1804. 

Launceston  named  by  Colonel  PUktenon.  October,  1804. 

Yorktown,  the  second  estabhshment  in  Van  Diemen's 
I^nd,  settled  by  a  small  party  of  prisoners  who  were 
despatched  from  Sydney,  October,  1804. 

right  between  soldiers  and  nstivee ;  40  of  the  hitter 
shot    1805. 

Arrival  of  the  settlers  who  had  abandoned  Norfolk 
Isbuid.  They  called  the  place  they  settled  on  New  Nor- 
folk and  Norfolk  Plains.    1806. 

Hm  T^mar  River  traced  and  named  by  Colonel  Peter- 
son, 1806. 

Convict  establishment  removed  from  Toriktown  to  a 
new  settlement  named  Launceston,  1806. 

Flrrt  oonununication  opened  in  nine  days  between 
Launceston  and  Hobart  Town,  by  Lieutenant  Laycock 
and  party.  1807. 

First  poet  office  established  in  Hobart  Town,  April  iS, 
1800. 

The  site  of  George  Town  (now  launceston)  marked  out 
by  Governor  Maoquarie,  November,  1811. 

Governor  Maoquarie  and  Mni.  Macquarie  arrived  from 
Sydney  on  a  visit  to  Hobart  Town.  The  Governor 
travelled  overland  from  Hobart  Town  to  Launceston, 
and  marked  out  the  site  of  George  Town,  Port  Dal- 
iymple.     November  23, 1811. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Geiie,  73rd  Regiment,  Command- 
ant of  Tasmania,  February  7. 1812. 

The  temporary  church  at  Hobart  Town  blown  down, 
1812. 

First  Supreme  Court  held  in  Hobart  Town,  January 
28, 1814. 

Major  Abbot,  one  of  the  offloers  of  the  oM  N.S.W. 
cotpe,  sent  from  Sydney  to  Van  Diemen's  Land  as 
Judge  advocate,  1814. 


MaequMie  Barbour,  T^swsnie,   dteeovsnd,  Jmam  14, 

1816. 
fjentensnt-Qovemor^a  Courts,  oensistlng  of  the  deputy 

Judge-advocate  and  two  other  persona,  opened,  1816. 

Hobart  Toma  OczetU  poblisbed  by  Andrew  Bent,  1816. 

Fouiuiation  stone  first  permanent  diurch,  St.  David's, 

laid  by  Lieutenant^ovemor  Thomas  Davey,  at  Hobart 

Towik,  Febmarv  10, 1817. 
First  sale  of  catUe  held  in  Van  Diemen's  Ltnd,  October 

8,1817. 
Government  House,  Hobart  Town,  finished,  October 

4,1817. 
Fbrst  Sunday-ediool  opened.  May,  1818. 
The  first  dreuit  court  in  the  oolony  was  held  in  Hobart 

Town.  Mr.  Justice  Field  presiding,  December,  1818. 
Rev.  John  Youl  arrived,  1818. 

In  the  third  vear  of  SorelTs  admhustration  £90,000 
>btainea  for  wheat,  and  £1,000  for  salt  meat  ex- 


ported to  Sydney.  At  the  end  of  1871  there  were  170,000 

sheep,  660  hoTMs,  86,000  head  of  cattle,  and  6,000  vwine 

in  th4  colonv.    1820-21. 
The  "Emenud,"  first  emtorsnt  vessel,  arrived  firom 

Engknd  at  Hobart  Town,  March  18, 1821. 
Governor  Maoquarie  visited  'Ptsmania  for  the  second 

time,  April  24, 1821.    He  left  Tasmania  June  29, 1821. 

Promissory  notes  issued  ad.  Ub.  in  Tumanla,  July 

12,182L 
Rev.   Archibald  Macarthur,  first  PrestTterisn  clergy- 
man, preached  first  sermon  at  Hobart  Town,  January 

12,1828. 
St  David's  Church  (named  St.  David's  in  honour  of 

first  Governor),  Hooert  Town,  oonsecrated  by  Rev.  S. 

Marsden,  1828. 
Chief  Justice  J.  L.  Pedder  arrived  in  Hobart  Town 

witii  a  charter,  1824. 
An  agitation   for  the  separation  of  Tunuuda  trom 

New  South  Wales,  1824. 

Nsmesof  the  first  Executive  Conndl  :— Colonial  Sec- 
retary^ Dudley  Montsgue  Perceval :  the  Chief  Justfee, 
John  Lewis  Pedder,  Adolanis ;  W.  H.  Humphrev  and 
Jocelj-n  Thomas.  The  members  of  the  Legislative 
body :  WilUam  Heiu7  Hsmilton  Humphrciy  and 
Edward  Curr.    Deeember  S,  1826w 

TMmania  proclaimed  independent  of  New  South  Wales, 
December  8, 1826. 

A  separate  Government  established.  Governor  Dar- 
ling called  at  the  island  and  formally  proclaimed  its  in- 
dependency. Tlie  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Van  Die- 
men's  I^uid  being  subordiiukte  to  the  Governor  of  New 
South  Wales,  who  retained  the  title  of  Governor  in 
Chief  :  in  all  other  respects  the  separation  was  com- 
plete. An  Executive  and  Legislative  Council  were 
called  into  existenoe,  January  9. 1826u 

A  settlement  formed  at  Circular  Head,  imder  Mr. 
Edward  Curr,  for  the  "  Van  Diemen's  Land  Company." 
The  Company  received  a  giant  of  about  JI^QOa  acres  on 
the  north-east  ooost  of  Tumank  from  thd^Sovenunent 
of  George  IV.     1826. 

Crown  Lands  leased  January  6, 1828. 

Proclamation  ianied  proclaiming  martial  law  sgainit 
aboriginal  natives,  November  1, 1828L 

The  Kfiig's  Orphan  School,  Newtown,  near  HObart 
Town,  formed  under  the  management  of  Mr.  VL  W. 
Giblin,  1828. 

Mr.  Tbonutf  Kent  discovered  the  virtues  of  Mimosa 
bark  extract,  and  received  asa  reward  10,000 acres  of 
the  richest  land  he  could  find  in  Tasmania,  1829. 

**CyTpTva"  Government  vessel,  seised  by  oonricte  and 
taken  to  the  South  Seas,  August  9, 1829. 

Extraordinary  attempt  made  by  Governor  Arthur  of 
Tasmania,  to  catch  and  pen  up  in  Iksman's  peniiMUla 
the  aboriginal  population  of  the  island.  Upward  of 
8500  {including  800  soldiers)  white  persons  turned  out 
for  the  exciting  operation  of  clearing  Ttesmania  by 
means  of  a  cordon  acroos  the  island.  The  attempt 
proved  a  total  failure  ;  only  two  natives  were  captured, 
and  the  total  cost  of  the  expedition  amounted  to 
£86,000.     1880. 

The  first  conveyance  between  Hobart  Town  and  Laun- 
ceston started,  June  19, 1882. 

T^wroania  appointed  place  of  transportation  for  natives 
of  New  South  Wales,  and  persons  arriving  in  the 
oolony  free,  after  being  convicted  of  a  first  offence,  188& 


.  •  XS^,  <^*« 


23B8 


TAXATION— TELEGRAPHIC. 


Flrsfe  Independent  Chureh  opened  byBev.  F.  Miller^ 
1838. 

FInt  Temperanoe  Society  establiehed  by  Meesn.  Back- 
house and  Walker,  1882. 

Bev.  Robert  Knopwood,  M.A.,  flnt  deaefsymBn  In  Tas- 
mania, died,  November  8, 1886. 

The  last  of  the  Tasmania  aboriginals  (800)  tivnsferred 
from  the  main  land  to  Flinders  Island,  by  the  insfeni- 

'   mentality  of  Mr.  Oeoige  Augustus  Robinson,  1887. 

CONTICr  POPULAnOH. 


1824'  5,068 

1825  6,845 

1826  6,762 

1827  7,280 

1828  7,449 

1829  8,484 

1880  10,195 

1881  12,018 


1832  12,706 

1888  14,990 

1884  15,588 

1885 16,968 

1886  17,661 

1887  17,698 

1888  18,188 


Tasmania  formed  into  a  separate  bishopric,  August  27, 
1842. 

Dr.  Nixon  installed  as  first  Bishop  of  Tasmania,  June 
27,1848. 

Christ's  OoUege,  Van  Diemen's  lAud,  commenced  October 
10, 1846. 

Beavy  fall  of  snow  at  Hobart  Town,  November  22, 
1849. 

Cricket  Hatch  between  Melbourne  and  Tumania,  won 
by  the  latter,  February  22, 1851. 

First  election  of  Tumanian  Legislatiye  Council,  Octo- 
ber 24, 1851. 

lYansportation  ceased,  February  10, 1858. 

John  Mitchel  escaped,  July  20. 1858. 

Name  of  Van  Diemen's  Land  altered  to  Tasmania  on 
address  of  Legislative  Coundl,  1854. 

Gas  first  used  in  Hobart  Town,  March  12, 1857. 

Tasmanian  building  stone  used  in  buUding  the  Mel- 
bourne Post  oifloe,  1802. 

Duke  of  Edbibuigh  visited  Tasmania,  December,  1809. 

Public  cemetery,  Hobart  Town,  opened  July  22, 1872. 

Hobart  Town  waterworks  op«iea  February  28, 1876. 

Tabmakian  Prisoito,  Earlt. 

Brickfield.  Marie  Island. 

Bridgewater.  Picton. 

Brown's  River,  Oyster  Cove.  Port  Arthur. 

Macquarie  Harbour.  South  Port. 

TAXATION. 

Table  seowiNa  nu  Taxation  in  tiib  Acstbalabiah 

Colonies. 


Colony. 


Proportion  of 

RcrrBQe  of 

1877,  niscd  hy 

Taxation. 


Rate  of 
Taxation  per 

head  of 
Population. 


New  South  Wales 

New  Zealand   

Queensland 

South  Australia  . . 

Tasmania 

Victoria 

Western  Australia 

Total 


£ 

£  s.  d. 

1,285,021 

1  18  2 

1,848,944 

8  5  9 

609.800 

8  2  6 

499,885 

2  8  2 

236,777 

2  4  6 

1,770,685 

2  2  2 

81,268 

2  18  11 

5,777,440 

2  7  0} 

TELEGRAPHIC. 

A  proposal  for  the  establishment  of  electric 
telegraph  between  Sydney  and  Melbourne 
started,  1845. 

Telesraph  first  used  in  New  South  Wales, 
BecemoOT  5,  1851. 

Electric  telegraph  construction  commenced 
in  Victoria,  November,  1853. 

The  first  electric  telegraph  put  in  operation  in 
Victoria  was  between  Melbourne  ana  Williams- 
town,  March  3,  1854. 


[It  was  opened  in  the  presence  of  Lieutenant- 
Grovemor  Latrobe,  members  of  the  Legislative 
CouncU,  and  others,  at  the  telegraph  office, 
William-street  Mr.  McGowan  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Telegraphs.] 

The  first  telegraph  in  South  Australia  was 
from  Adelaide  to  Port  Adelaide ;  distance  about 
9i  miles.     C^ed  February  18,  1856. 

Hie  first  Ime  of  telegraph  between  Melbourne 
and  Adelaide  opened,  July  19,  1856. 

Telegraphic  conununication  established  in 
Tasmania,  August  2,  1857. 

Telegraphic  communication  between  Sydney 
and  Liverpool,  New  South  Wales,  completed^ 
December  30,  1857. 

First  telegraphic  message,  Sydney  to  liver- 
pool,  in  N.S.W.,  sent  by  Mr.  E.  C.  Cracknell. 
January  26,  1858. 

Telegraphic  communication  between  Mel- 
bourne and  Adelaide  established,  July  19, 
1858. 

Telegraphic  communication  established  be- 
tween Sydney,  Melbourne,  and  Adelaide, 
October  29,  1858. 

Telegraph  to  Kapunda,  South  Australia^ 
opened.  May  11,  1859. 

First  telecram  between  Tasmania  and  Victoria, 
September  30,  1859,  but  proved  a  failure. 

Cable  laid  from  Cape  Otway  to  King's  Island, 
and  thence  to  Tasmania,  1859 ;  proved  a  failure. 
1860. 

First  New  Zealand  telegraph  office  opened, 
July  1,  1862. 

Telegraph  line  opened  from  Brisbane  to 
Rockhampton,  Queensland,  April  6,  1864. 

Telegraph  line  opened  to  Townsville,  March 
15,  1869. 

The  neW  Electric  cable  from  Tasmania   to 
Victoria  laid,  April  27,  1869. 
First  message  through  Bass'  Straits  cables 

May  1,  1869. 

Telegraphic  communication  estabUshed  be- 
tween Perth  and  Freemantle,  West  Australia., 
June  21,  1869. 

Overland  telegraph  commenced  in  the  Northern 
Territory,  South  Australia,  September  15,  1870. 

The  shore  end  of  the  cable  between  Port 
Darwin  and  Banjoewangie  laid  at  the  former 
place,  November  7,  1871. 

The  first  telegram  came  through  stating  that 
communication  with  Java  was  complete,  Novem- 
ber 20,  1871. 

Telegraph  line  between  Normanton,  Gulf  of 
Carpentana,  and  Brisbane  opened,  January  3, 
1872. 

Telegraph  line  to  Normanton  officially  opened, 
June  4,  1872. 

First  cable  message  from  England  received 
in  Melbourne,  July  2,  1872. 

Cable  communication  with  EIngland  by  the 
construction  of  the  South  Austrauan  telegraph 
line  to  Port  Darwin,  October  22,  1872.  [The 
contract  for  the  construction  of  the  overland 
line  was  let  in  three  divisions.  From  Port 
Augusta  inUt.  311"  S.  toUt.  27%  the  line  is  512 


TELEGBAPHIC. 


269 


miles  in  length,  and  Mr.  E.  M.  Bagot  was  the 
contractor  for  this  portion  of  the  work,  and  he 
erected  the  first  pole  on  October  1,  1870 ;  the 
next  ^rtion,  from  lat.  27''  to  lat.  1990,  is  612 
miles  m  length,  and  it  was  undertaken  by  the 
Government ;  and  the  third  portion,  extending 
from  lat.  19*90  to  its  completion,  629  in  length, 
was  entrusted  to  Messrs.  Barwent  and  Dalwood, 
who  planted  the  first  pole  on  September  15, 
1870.  The  total  len^  of  the  wire  from  Port 
Darwin  to  Adelaide  is  1,976  miles.  After  en- 
countering extraordinary  difBculties,  the  work 
was  commeted  through  the  ability  and  energy 
of  Mr.  Todd,  Superintendent  of  Telegraphs, 
South  Austndia.  The  Overland  Telegraph, 
which  cost  £370,000,  was  placed  in  connection 
witii  the  cable  laid  by  the  British  Australian 
Company,  between  Sineipore  via  Java  to  Port 
Darwin,  October  22, 1872.  J 

First  through  teleeram  received  in  Adelaide, 
S.A.,  by  the  overland  wire,  October  22,  1872. 

[Intercolonial  Conference  held  in  Sydney, 
September,  1874.  The  Governments  of  New 
South  Wales,  Victoria,  South  Australia, 
Queensland,  New  Zealand,  Tasmania,  and 
Western  Australia  were  represented.  Various 
questions  were  considerea  but  no  agreement 
arrived  at  in  reference  to  cable  duplication, 
which  was  the  principal  subject  for  decision. 
The  delegates  were  New  South  Wales,  John 
Bobertson,  Alexander  Stuart,  and  J.  F.  Bums  ; 
Victoria,  J.  S.  Anderson  and  Bobert  Bamsay  ; 
Western  Australia,  A.  Frazer ;  Queensland,  S. 
W.  GrifBtii  and  C.  S.  Mein;  New  Zealand, 
George  Maclean.] 

Cable  from  Sydney  to  New  Zealand,  shore  end 
laid  at  La  Perouse,  Botany,  N.S.  W.,  Feb.  5, 1876. 

Cable  communication  between  Australia  and 
New  Zealand  established,  February  20,  1876. 

Telegraph  opened  Sydney  to  Manly  Beach, 
July  1,  1876. 

Telegraphic  communication  between  Adelaide 
and  Eucla  opened,  July  13,  1877. 

Completion  of  the  overland  telegraph  to  Eucla; 
2,046  miles  of  line  available  between  Adelaide, 
^uth  Austrtdia,  and  Perth,  Western  Australia, 
December  1,  1877. 

5, 163  miles  opened,  and  1,031  miles  authorized 
and  in  progress  in  December,  1877. 

Intercolonial  Cable  Conference  commenced  its 
sittings  at  Melbourne,  May  9,  1878. 

The  London  Times  published  &rst  intelligence 
of  the  New  Caledonia  massacre  simultaneously 
with  the  Sydney  Evening  Netffs,  through  the 
agency  of  S.  W.  Silver  and  Co.,  July  12,  1878. 

The  Cable  Conference  adopted  its  report.  May 
18,  1878.  [The  principal  resolution  authorized 
New  South  Wales  and  victoria  to  enter  into  an 
agreement  for  a  second  cable  from  Bangoon  from 
Singapore  direct  to  Banjoewangie,  'and  thence  to 
Port  Darwin,  avoiding  the  Java  land  line,  for  an 
annual  subsidy  not  exceeding  £32, 400,  payablefor 
20  years.  Government  messages  to  be  issued  to 
Port  Darwin  at  a  reduction  of  50  per  cent.,  and 
Press  messages  at  a  reduction  of  75  per  cent,  llie 
delegates  consisted  of  Graham  Berry  for  Vic- 
toria, J.  F.  Bums  for  New  South  Wales,  J.  P. 


Boucaut  and  Charles  Todd  for  Soutii  Australia, 
and  C.  S.  Mein  for  Queensland.  The  arrange- 
ments were  made  with  Colonel  Glover,  of 
Eastern  Telegraph  Company,  who  was  examined 
by  the  Conference. 

The  Hon.  J.  F.  Bums  paid  a  visit  to  New 
Zealand  in  relation  to  the  second  cable,  and 
succeeded  in  inducing  the  Government  of  that 
colony  to  join  in  the  contract,  June,  1878. 

The  route  and  length  of  cable  and  land  lines 
are  as  follows  between  London  and  Adelaide  : 

London  to  Land's  End  (overland)       820 

Land's  End  to  Gibraltar  via  Lisbon  (cable)  ..        ..  1,260 

Gibnatar  to  Malta  (cable)         961 

Malta  to  Alexandria  (cable) 819 

Alexandria  to  Suez  (overland  wire) 224 

Suez  to  Aden  (cable) 1,806 

Aden  to  Bombay  (cable) 1,064 

Bombay  to  Madras  (overland  wire) 600 

Madras  to  Penang  (cable)          1,218 

Penang  to  Singapore  (cable) 881 

Singapore  to  sktavia  (cable) 660 

Bata  via  to  Banjoewansie  (overland  wire)  480 

Banjoewangie  to  Port  Daiwin  (cable) 970 

Port  Darwin  to  Port  Augusta,  South  Australia  (over- 

landwire)       1,800 

Port  Augusta  to  Adelaide         196 

Total  length  of  cable    ..        ..    9,146 
Total  length  of  overland  wire . .    8,424 

Total 12,670 

From  Port  Augusta  the  overland  wire  stretches 
to  Sydney,  irS.W.,  a  distance  of  650  miles. 
The  connection  here  takes  place  with  New 
Zealaaxd,  the  submarine  cable  commencing  at 
Botany  Bay,  and  terminating  at  Wakapuaka,  a 
distance  of  1,150  miles.  From  Wakapuaka  the 
overland  wire  is  carried  to  White's  Bay  (88 
miles),  thence  by  cable  to  Wellington  (41  miles), 
from  which  centre  all  the  towns  and  cities  of 
New  Zealand  are  communicated  with. 

OVBRLAITD  TSLBOaAPH  LOfl— BtATIOVS  AND  DlSTAXrCV. 

Ftom  Adelaide  to  Beltana       866  miles 

„  „  Strangway's Springs       ..646  „ 

,,  „  J^oaKe  vSso  „ 

„  „  Charlotte  Waters  ..        ..  804  „ 

„  „  Alice  Springs                   ..  1086  „ 

„  „  Barrows  Creek               ..  1207  „ 

„  „  Tennant's  Creeic    ..        ..  1864  „ 

„  „  Powell's  Creeic                ..  1467  „ 

„  „  Daly  Waters                    ..  1606  „ 

„  „  Katherine 1766  „ 

„  „  Pine  Creek 1822  „ 

,,  „  Shackle  [7  miles  from  Yam 

Creekl 1862  „ 

„  „  South  Port 1982  „ 

„  „  Port  Darwin                    ..  1973  „ 

LXNOTHS  OPENED  IN  AUSTRALASIA. 

Number   of  miles  qf  Telegraph   Lines  opened 

December  31,  1877  :— 

New  South  Wales 6,000 

New  Zealand                   8,807 

Queensland 5,088 

South  Australia 4,061 

Tasmania 621 

Victoria       2,886 

Western  Australia 1,667 

Total       ..  88,474 


no 


TEMPERAKCE^THEATRICAL  STARS. 


TEBiPEBANCE. 

Gxmsd  festival  given  by  Mr.  George  Alko, 
Mayor  of  Sydney,  at  the  Victoria  Theatre ;  it 
was  Attended  hy  1,000  memben  of  the  Total 
Abstinence  Societies,  and  bjb  many  more  of  all 
daaaes  of  the  community.     1845. 

K.S.W.  Alliance  instituted,  Feb.  26,  1857. 
Number  of  {hedged  members  to  date,  14,600. 

Foundation  stone  of  Temperance  Hall  laid  by 
Hiss  Denison,  July  15,  1858. 

Sons  of  Temperance  formed  in  N.S.W.,  May 
31,  1864 ;  accumulated  funds,  £25,280. 

New  Temperance  Hall  opened  in  Sydney, 
August  12,  1872. 

It  is  calculated  that  there  are  60,000  temper- 
members  in  Australia.    1879. 


TEMPERATUBE. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  soil  in  Melbourne, 
as  derived  from  observations  taken  during  a 
mimber  of  years  by  means  of  a  thermometer 
on  the  surface  slightly  covered  with  earth,  but 
fiilly  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  sun  and  wind ; 
also  the  mean  temperature  of  the  bulb  at  various 
depths,  and  the  mean  temperature  of  the  dew- 
pomt,  are  given  as  follow  for  the  four  seasons 
a&d  for  the  entire  year  : — 

-  MbaK  TeMPBRATURB  op  SOUi  AlTD  I>>W-POINT  AT  HSLBOURKE. 


Ueaa  Temperatare  of— 

Seuou. 

Surfu* 
boil. 

Bolb  at  Depth  of- 

Dew 

U  inchea 

Sfeet 

Sfeet 

Sfeet 

Potat. 

Snouaer 
A«t«aiii 
Winter.. 

• 
78-5 

ei« 

tt-3 

e 
652 

M-e 

• 
S73 

836 
M-6 

• 

67-3 
«6S 

06-0 
65-0 

• 
66-t 

«4-6 
66< 

■ 

tt-4 

BM 
tt-1 
42-6 

Tear  .. 

63-4 

M-O 

«H) 

<   «•» 

»i 

43-« 

TEMPLARS.  The  Independent  Order  of  Good 
Templars  established  a  lodge  at  Queensland, 
February  19, 1873,  and  in  N.S.  W.,  March,  1873. 

THAKOMBAU  (OACOBAU). 

Ex-King  of  Fiji,  arrived  in  Sydney,  N.S.W., 
with  his  sons  Ratu  Timothy  and  Katu  Joseph 
Celau,  November  29,  1874. 

Thakombau  left  Sydney  for  Fiji,  Dec.  21, 1874. 

THANKSGIVING. 

PuMic  thanksgiving  tor  the  break-up  of  the 
drought,  which  was  protracted  and  destructive, 
November  12,  1829. 

Thanksgiving  day  in  N.S.W.  proclaimed  for 
recovery  of  Prince  of  Wales,  February  27,  1872. 

THEATRES. 

The  debtor's  room  in  the  Sydney  Gaol  used 
as  a  theatre,  1826. 

Victoria  Theatre  foundation  stone  laid  with  ma- 
sonic honors,  Sep.  7, 1836 ;  opened  March  26, 1838. 
[Mr.  Arabin  as  Othello,  ana  Mr.  Spencer,  lago.] 

Signor  DaUe  Case  opened  a  temporarv  theatre 
in  Hunter-street,  Sydney — designated  it  the 
*  *  Olympia "    Ja^ua^y  26,  1842. 


City  Theatre,  Market-street,  Sydney,  opened 
by  Messrs:  Simmons  andBelmore,  May  20, 1843. 

Queen's  Theatre,  Quaen's-tftreet,  Melbooine, 
opeaed  with  the  play  of  the  HoneymooB,  May 
1,  1845. 

Princess's  Theatre,  MAhoame,  opened,  1854. 

Olympic  Theatre,  Melbouzne,  opened,  185& 

Old  Theatre  Royal,  Melbourne,  opoied,  1666l 

Prince  Bartolo-meo  (first  Fijian  entertain- 
ment) a{^)eared  at  Victoria  Theatre,  May  30, 1857. 

Prinoe  of  Wales  Theatre,  Melboiune.  opeaied. 
1858. 

Profesaor  Bushell  (first  electro-lmdoffiBt) 
appeared  at  Victoria  Theatre,  August  15,   1859L 

Prinoe  of  Wales  Theatre,  Sydney,  destroyed 
by  fire,  October  3,  1860. 

Haymarket  Theatre,  Melboome,  opened,  1863» 
bom^  September,  1871. 

Prince  of  Wales  Opera  House,  Sydney, 
burnt,  January  6,  1872. 

NewTheatre  Royal,  Bom-fce-street,  Melbourne, 
burnt,  March  20,  re-opened,  November  9,  1872. 

Opera  House,  Melbourne,  opened,  1872. 

New  Theatre  Royal  openwl  at  WeUington, 
N.Z.,  February  13,  1873. 

Theatre  Royal  (built  on  the  site  of  the  old 
Prince  of  Wales  Theatre),  Gastlereagfa-stzeet, 
Sydney,  opened  December  11,  1875. 

Academy  of  Music,  Mribonme,  opened,  1876. 

Theatre  Royal,  Adelaide,  opened  April,  1878L 

[See  Dbama  ;  also  Musia] 

THEATRICAL  STARS. 

Gwtamu  Vaughan  Brooke  hom  at  Hardwick 
Place,  DubHn,  April,  25,  1818 ;  was  intended 
for  the  bar,  but  abandoned  it  for  the  stage,  on 
which  he  made  his  first  appearance,  at  the  age 
of  fifteen,  during  Easter  week  ci  1833,  per- 
forming the  part  of  William  Tell  at  the  Theatre 
Royal,  Dublin.  After  the  usual  dramatic 
educational  career  in  the  British  provinces,  he 
performed  in  London,  at  first  principally  at  the 
Surrey  and  Saddler's  WeUs  theatres,  provoking 
much  adverse  criticism  from  the  press,  com- 
bined with  sound  advice,  which  he  judiciously 
followed,  at  the  same  time  devoting  his  atten- 
tion to  a  close  study  of  alarge  round  ofcharacteirs, 
till  his  style  became  so  improved  and  matured 
as  to  stamp  him  as  one  of  the  leading  actors  of 
the  day.  He  airived  in  Melbourne, in  1656, 
whither  his  reputaticm  had  preceded  him,  and 
plaved  several  engagements  there  as  well  as  in 
ovdney,  and  the  leading  cities  of  Australia. 
He  was  considered  to  be  the  greatest  Shake- 
sperian  actor  of  his  day;  and  in  certain  characters, 
as  well  as  in  Irish  comedy,  was  without  a  rivaL 
He  was  drowned  when  returning  to  pay  another 
visit  to  Australia  in  the  "LoncTon,'^  the  Bay 
of  JKscay,  Jan.  10, 1866.  Mr.  Brooke  was  married 
to  the  no  less  celebrated  actress  Avonia  Jones. 

John  Gordon  Oriffiths  was  bom  in  Shropshire^ 
England,  in  August,  1810,  and  shortly  after 
leaving  school  joined  a  dtaraatic  company.  He 
became  a  member  of  l^e  celebratedMcKay'a 
company,  and  was  next  with  Mr.  Alexander^ 
of  Glas^w.  It  was  with  these  managers  that 
he  obtamed  that  intimate  knowledge  of  lowland 


THROSBY— TICHBORNE. 


271 


nuumen  and  langtutfe  which  made  him  ao 
sacoenfal  in  SooUian  dialect  parta.  After 
leavii^  Scotland  he  played  in  London,  where  he 
met  ]£r.  Joseph  Wyatt,  of  the  Victoria  Theatre, 
Sydney,  who  induced  him  to  come  to  Auatralia. 
ae  arrived  in  Sydney  early  in  1842,  and  opened 
in  the  character  of  Hamlet.  He  met  with  a 
moat  determined  opposition,  which  almost  drove 
himi  from  the  stage,  but  he  aecured  the  favour 
of  hia  enemiea  by  an  extraordinaxy  atudy  and 
perfonnance  of  Coriolanus.  The  management 
of  the  Victoria  Theatre  was  entrusted  to  him, 
and  in  1855  he  became  manager  of  the  Prince  of 
Walea  Theatre.  He  retired  after  a  abort  time, 
and  took  up  hia  reaidence  at  the  "Pier  Hotel," 
Manly  Beadi,  where  he  died,  March  4,  1857. 
Hia  repreaentation  of  the  charactera  of  lago  and 
Falstaff  are  by  many  considered  to  have  been 
unequalled  in  Auatndia. 

Francis  NesbUt  MeCron,  better  known  as 
Francia  Neabitt,  was  bom  in  Mancheater, 
England,  in  1809.  He  was  educated  by  a 
derayman,  near  Cork,  Ireland,  and  selected  the 
profession  of  surgeon.  Becoming  weaiy  of 
hospital  experiences,  he  determine  upon  the 
stage  as  the  acene  of  hia  future  laboura.  After 
travelling  through  England,  and  filling  a  leading 
engagement  wiui  Mr.  Alexander,  of  Olaagow, 
his  friends  persuaded  him  to  leave  the  stage,  and 
he  returned  to  Ireland  in  1840.  At  the  end  of 
that  year  he  eloped  with  a  young  lady,  the 
daughter  of  an  old  and  respectable  family,  and 
married  her.  He  arrivea  in  Port  Jackson, 
January  7,  1841,  brinsinff  letters  of  introduction 
to  Governor  Gipps  and  oSiers.  Unable  to  obtain 
employment  in  commercial  houses,  he  applied  to 
the  manager  of  the  Victoria  Theatre,  who  refused 
an  engagement ;  he  then  joined  the  police,  but 
never  went  on  duty,  for  as  soon  as  the  circum- 
stance became  known  to  his  friends  they  induced 
the  manager  of  the  Victoria  Theatre  to  allow 
him  to  appear,  ^a  first  character  was  Pizarro. 
From  that  time  until  his  death  he  held  un- 
disputed sway.  He  left  Sydney  in  1843,  and 
took  a  tour  round  the  colonies,  and  in  1848  he 
sailed  for  San  Francisco,  where,  after  a  success- 
ful season,  he  went  to  the  gold  diggings.  He 
returned  to  Sydney  in  1852,  and  a^r  perform- 
ing a  short  time  went  to  Victoria,  and  whilst 
acting  in  Gedong  in  William  Tell,  was  carried 
from  the  stage  in  an  almost  insensible  condition, 
and  conveyed  to  the  hospital,  where  he  died, 
in  1853,  a||ed  44  years.  He  was  buried  in  the 
cemetery  at  Geelong,  where  Mr.  G.  V.  Brooke, 
in  1856,  placed  a  monument  over  his  grave. 

Carles  Horace  Frubee  Young  was  bom  in 
the  City  of  Doncaster,  April  5,  1819.  His 
parents  followed  the  profession  of  the  drama, 
and  it  was  with  them  ne  studied  until  he  made 
his  first  bow  to  a  London  audience  in  the 
character  of  Little  Pickle  in  the  Spoiled  Child, 
and  Young  Nerval,  in  the  tragedy  of  Bouflass, 
and  subsequently  in  the  character  of  Noah 
Claypole,  in  Oliver  Twist.  He  spent  four  or 
five  years  at  sea,  on  the  coast  of  England,  in  the 
navy  and  mercantile  marine.  In  18»  he  arrived 
in  Australia  as  second  officer  of  a  ship,  and 


meeting  there  hia  sister,  Mrs.  G.  H.  Rogpars, 
wife  of  G.  H.  Rogers,  comedian,  thia  decided 
hia  future  career,  and  he  determined  to  remain 
and  follow  the  fortunea  of  the  drama.  £Us  first 
appearance  was  made  at  Hobart  Town,  at  the 
V  ict<Nria  Theatre,  in  the  character  of  Michael,  in 
William  Tell.  He  became  lessee  of  the  Queen's 
Theatre,  Melbourne,  in  1851,  having  for  a 
partner  Mr.  J.  P.  Hydes.  In  1857  he  returned 
to  England  and  performed  at  the  Strand, 
Saddler's  Wells,  the  Boyal  Lyceum,  and  finaUy 
at  St.  James*  Theatre.  He  left  England,  May 
28,  1861,  and  arrived  in  Melbourne,  August  18, 
1861,  appearingat  the  Theatre  Boval  as  Squire 
Wannop,  in  A  Friend  in  Need.  He  performed 
also  at  the  Prince  of  Wales  Theatre,  in  Sydney, 
and  was  leading  comedian  when  that  theatre 
was  destroyed  by  fire.  He  died  at  his  residence, 
William-street,  Sydney,  January  29,  1874  As 
a  "low  comedian,"  he  was  one  of  the  finest 
representatives  that  ever  appeared  on  the  staffe, 
his  Beppo  and  like  charactera  being  unrivalled. 

THROSBT,  CHARLES.  Appointed  medical 
officer  at  Castle  HilL  and  a  magistrate  of  tlie 
territory  of  New  South  Wales,  October  18,  1802. 
Discovered  Throaby's  Country  Bong  Bong,  1817. 
Returned  from  a  highly  successful  tour  of  dis- 
covery, April,  1821. 

TICHBORNE,  Sib  Rooeb  Charles  Doughty, 
alias  Ortok. 

As  the  history  of  this  extraordinary  character 
presents  so  many  features  of  interest  to  the 
people  of  AustnJua,  where  he  resided  for  many 
years  of  his  life,  the  following  narrative,  from 
his  own  AFFIDAVIT,  will  be  conaidered  as  useful 
for  reference : — 

**  I  resided  with  my  parents  at  Paris  from  the 
date  of  my  birth  until  the  year  1845,  when  I 
was  brought  over  to  this  country,  and  was 
shortly  afterwards  placed  at  Stoney  hurst  College, 
I^kncaishire,  where  1  received  my  English  educa- 
tion. 

"In  the  month  of  July,  1849, 1  was  appointed 
comet,  and  subsequently  lieutenant,  m  Her 
Majesty's  6th  Dragoon  Guarda  (Carabineers).  I 
joined  that  re^;iment  in  the  month  of  October, 
1849,  at  Dublm,  where  it  waa  then  quartered, 
and  remained  on  duty  with  the  resiment  from 
the  month  of  October,  1849,  until  the  month  of 
January,  1853  (except  durins  temporary  leave  of 
absence).  I  retired  from  the  regiment  in  the 
month  of  February,  1853. 

"  During  my  vacations  from  college,  and  while 
on  leave  of  absence  from  my  regiment,  I  usually 
resided,  from  the  year  1845  until  I  left  this 
country  to  travel  in  foreien  parte,  as  hereinafter 
mentioned,  with  my  unck,  the  said  Sir  Edward 
Doufi^ty,  at  Tichbome  Park,  the  family  seat  of 
the  Tichbomes ;  and  I  was  in  the  habit  of 
shooting  over  the  Tichbome  estates  and  huntiuff 
in  that  neighbourhood,  and  I  gave  up  much  m 
my  time  to  field  sports  and  the  management  of 
horses. 

"  I  left  my  regiment  with  the  object  of  travel- 
ling for  some  years  in  distant  parts,  and  in  the 


272 


TICHBORNE. 


fint  inatance  I  determined  to  proceed  to  South 
America.  In  the  month  of  March,  1853, 1  took 
passage  on  board  a  ship  bound  for  Valparaiso, 
where  I  arrived  in  due  course,  and  from  that 
time  until  the  month  of  April,  1854,  I  travelled 
from  place  to  place  in  various  parts  of  South 
America. 

"In  the  month  of  April,  1854,  the  ship 
'  Bella,'  of  Liverpool,  Captain  Birkett,  master, 
was  at  the  port  of  Bio  de  Janeiro,  and  learning 
that  she  was  bound,  and  shortly  intended  to 
leave  that  port,  for  New  York,  I  took  my 
passage  by  the  'Bella'  for  that  city.  The 
'  Bella '  left  the  port  of  Rio  on  the  morning  of 
the  20th  day  of  April,  1854,  with  myself  on 
board,  and  proceeded  on  her  voyage.  To  the  best 
of  my  recollection  and  belief,  when  she  left  Bio 
the  crew  of  the  '  Bella '  (including  the  captain) 
consisted  of  about  seventeen  persons,  I  oeing 
the  only  passenger  on  board. 

**  All  went  well  until  the  fourth  day  after  the 
'  Bella '  had  left  Bio,  and  was  far  out  of  sight 
of  land,  but  on  the  momiug  of  that  day  the 
mate  reported  to  the  captain  that  she  had 
sprung  a  leak,  and  all  hands  were  instantly  set 
to  work  at  the  pumps,  and  every  effort  was 
made  to  save  the  ship,  but  without  effect. 
Very  shortly  after  the  mate  had  reported  the 
leak,  it  became  apparent  that  the  vessel  was 
fast  fillinff  with  water,  and  the  captain  an- 
nounced that  all  further  efforts  to  save  the  ship 
were  useless,  and  that  all  on  board  must  instantly 
take  to  the  boats. 

"The  'Bella'  carried  a  longboat  on  deck, 
and  two  smaller  boats,  one  of  which  was  slung 
from  the  davits  on  each  quarter.  One  of  the 
small  boats  was  stove  in  and  rendered  useless, 
but  the  crew  succeeded  in  safely  lowering  u^n 
the  sea  the  long-boat  and  the  other  boat,  wmch 
was  the  larger  of  the  two  small  ones,  herein- 
after referred  to  as  the  '  second  boat ' ;  and, 
stowing  some  provisions  and  casks  of  water 
into  the  boats,  I,  and  to  the  best  of  my  recol- 
lection and  belief,  eight  of  the  crew,  got  mto  the 
second  boat,  and  the  captain,  and  to  the  best  of 
my  recollection  and  belief,  the  rest  of  the  crew,  got 
into  the  lonsboat,  and  immediately  pushed  off 
from  tiie  'Bella,'  and  the  ship  'Bella'  soon 
afterwards  sank. 

"  The  captain,  who  had  in  the  longboat  the 
ship's  charts,  ordered  that  the  second  boat 
should  keep  in  sight  of  the  longboat,  which  she 
did  for  two  days,  out  in  the  ni^t  of  the  second 
day  a  high  wind  and  storm  came  on,  and  the 
boats  were  soon  out  of  sight  of  each  other,  and 
the  longboat  was  not  agam  seen  by  those  in  the 
second  ooat.  The  man  who  had  the  command 
of  the  second  boat  then  determined  to  let  her 
drift  with  the  wind.  On  the  morning  of  the 
fourth  day,  after  the  'Bella'  had  sank,  the 
crew  of  the  second  boat  descried  a  ship  in  the 
distance,  and  used  eveiy  means  to  reach  ner  and 
Ift  attract  notice,  and  for  that  purpose  a  red 
flannel  shirt,  which  one  of  the  crew  of  the  boat 
wore,  was  attached  to  an  oar  and  hoisted  as  a 
signal.  Ultimately  a  sienal  was  made  in  reply, 
and  the  crew  of  that  Doat  rowed  to  the  ship, 


and  I  and  the  whole  of  the  crew  on  board  the 
second  boat  were  thus  saved  after  we  had  been 
three  days  and  nights  at  sea  in  an  open  boat. 

"  I  was  in  a  very  exhausted  state  when  I  was 
rescued,  and  I  was  for  some  time  seriously  ill  on 
board  the  ship  that  saved  me,  but  I  was  landed 
at  the  port  of  Melbourne,  in  Australia,  about 
the  end  of  July,  1854. 

"I  had  saved  nothing  from  the  'Bella,' 
except  the  clothes  I  wore,  and  when  I  landed  at 
Melbourne  I  had  up  means  whatever  there  for 
my  support. 

"  On  the  first  day  I  landed  the  captain  of  the 
ship  which  brought  me  to  Melbourne  took  me  to 
an  office,  which  I  believe  was  the  Custom-house, 
and  had  a  conversation  with  some  person  there 
as  to  what  ^ould  be  done  for  me ;  out  nothing 
was  arranged  except  that  I  should  be  allowed  to 
sleep  on  board  the  ship  that  night,  which  I  ac- 
cordingly did.  Before  returning  to  the  ship  the 
captain  and  I  together  called  at  an  office  and 
made  inquiries  ror  the  purpose  of  ascertaining 
how  I  could  get  a  passage  to  EIngland,  but  with- 
out any  useful  result.  1  learnt  that  Melbourne 
was  then  in  a  very  unsettled  state,  in  conse- 

Suence  of  the  gold  mania ;  that  the  crews  of 
bips,  as  they  arrived,  very  frequently  deserted 
for  the  cold  digginss ;  and  that  there  was,  con- 
sequently, great  difficulty  in  procuring  a  passage 
to  England.  There  were  a  great  number  of 
ships  then  in  the  port  unable  to  start  for  want 
of  hands. 

"  On  the  day  after  I  first  landed  at  Melbourne 
I  was  strolling  about  the  town,  and  went  into 
a  yard  called  Bow's  yard,  situate  in  Bourke- 
street,  Melbourne,  where  a  large  number  of 
horses  were  being  sold.  I  was  much  attracted 
by  what  was  ti^ng  place,  and  a  person,  whom 
I  afterwards  discovered  to  be  mr.  William 
Foster,  an  extensive  stockkeeper,  of  Gipps- 
land,  spoke  to  me,  and,  after  ascertaining  that  I 
was  a  good  rider,  offered  to  take  me  with  him  to 
GippsUnd,  where  there  was  good  hunting  and 
shooting. 

"  I  accepted  such  offer,  and  for  family  reasons 
I  assumed  the  name  of  Thomas  Castro  (after 
that  of  a  friend  named  Don  Thomas  Castro, 
whose  acquaintance  I  had  made  at  MellipiUa,  in 
Chili),  and  I  continued  to  use,  and  was  known 
in  Australia  by,  the  name  of  Thomas  Castro, 
until  shortly  prior  to  my  return  to  England,  as 
hereinafter  mentioned. 

"I  immediately  afterwards  left  Melbourne 
with  Mr.  Foster  and  his  horses,  and  i>rooeeded 
to  Mr.  Foster's  station,  at  Boisdale,  in  Gipms- 
land,  on  the  Avon  Biver,  nearly  300  miles 
from  Melbourne,  where  I  remained  about  19 
months.  Mr.  Foster  then  gave  me  charge  of 
the  Bargo  station,  in  the  Australian  Alps,  M>out 
115  miles  further  inland,  where  I  remained 
for  about  18  months,  and  then  returned  to 
Boisdale,  when,  after  staying  for  about  three 
months,  I  travelled  about  and  remained  at  vari- 
ous places,  as  in  the  38th  paragraph  of  my  said 
bill  mentioned. 

"On  the  29th  day  of  January,  1866, 1  inter- 
married with  Mary  Ann  Bryant,  spinster.    I 


TICHBORNE. 


273 


and  my  wife  are  both  Ronum  Catholics,  bat, 
being  then  desirous  of  ooncealinff  my  real  name, 
whioi  I  oould  not  have  done  if  the  marriage  had 
been  8olemnJ2ed  by  a  priest  of  the  Chiuch  of 
Rome,  inasmuch  as  I  must,  prior  to  my 
marriage,  have  attended  the  oomessional,  my 
said  marriage  was  solemnized  by  the  Rev. 
Frederick  Thomas  BrentnaU,  a  minister  of  the 
Wesleyan  Church,  at  the  residence  of  Mrs. 
Robinson,  of  Wagga  Wagea,  I  being  then 
nuuried  under  my  assumed  name  of  Thomas 
Castro. 

"  I  and  mywife  thenceforth  continued  to  be 
residents  of  Wi^ga  Wagga,  passing  under  the 
assumed  name  ofCastro,  untu  shomy  prior  to 
my  return  to  England,  as  hereinafter  mentioned. 

"  I  have  been  informed  by  my  mother,  and 
believe,  that  after  the  death  of  my  father,  and 
in  the  year  1863,  she  caused  advertisements  for 
me  in  the  English,  French,  and  Spanish 
languages,  to  be  inserted  in  the  Times  news- 
paper, and  that  she  sometime  subsequently 
communicated  with  Mr.  Arthur  Cubitt,  of  the 
Missing  Friends  Office,  Bridge-street,  Sydney, 
New  South  Wales,  advertising  a^;ent,  and  that 
the  said  Mr.  Cubitt,  by  her  direction,  caused 
advertisements  to  be  inserted  in  various  news- 
papers published,  at  Melbourne,  Sydney,  and 
^sewhere,  announcing  the  death  of  my  father, 
and  giving  a  description  of  me,  and  offering  a 
rewara  for  mv  discovery. 

"  Ultimate! V,  and  towards  the  end  of  the 
year  1865,  I,  for  the  first  time,  leamt,  by  means 
of  such  advertisements,  of  my  father's  death, 
and  in  the  early  part  of  January,  1866,  I  wrote 
and  sent  a  letter  to  my  mother,  informing  her 
that  I  had  at  last  made  up  my  mind  to  face  the 
sea  once  more,  and  requesting  that  mon^  might 
be  sent  out  to  enable  me  to  return  to  !&igland. 
I  had  been  informed  by  my  mother,  and  believe, 
that  she  received  such  letter  in  course  of  post, 
and  that  she  wrote  and  sent  to  me  a  letter  urg- 
ing my  immediate  return,  and  I  have  been  in- 
formed by  my  mother,  and  believe,  that  she 
subsequently  remitted  a  draft  for  £400,  to  defray 
the  expenses  of  the  voyage. 

"As  soon  as  practicable,  in  the  year  1866,  I 
made  arranjzements  to  return  home  with  my 
wife  and  child,  without  awaiting  the  receipt  of 
the  ^raft.  I  believe  that  such  draft  reached 
Australia  after  I  had  left  for  England,  and  I 
have  been  informed  by  my  mother,  and  believe, 
that  the  said  draft  has  since  been  returned  to 
her  through  the  poet. 

**  Having  determined  to  return  to  England,  I, 
on  the  9th  day  of  July,  1866,  again  went  through 
the  ceremony  of  marriace  with  mv  wife  under 
my  proper  name,  at  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
of  St.  Feter  and  St.  I'aul,  at  Qoulbum,  New 
South  Wales,  according  to  the  rites  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  the  ceremony  on  that  occasion 
being  solemnized  by  the  Rev.  Michael  M'Alroy, 
a  priest  of  that  church.  There  has  been  issue 
ofmy  said  marriage,  two  children,  and  no  more — 
namely,  TeresaMwry  Agnes,  thelx^ore-mentioned 
child,  who  was  bom  at  Wagn  Wagea  aforesaid, 
on  the  18th  day  of  March,  1866,  and  the  above- 


named  defendant,  Roger  Joseph  Doughty  Tich- 
bome,  who  was  borne  at  Croydon,  as  aforesaid, 
on  the  1st  day  of  May,  1867. 

**  While  remaining  at  Svdney,  previous  to  my 
embarkation,  I  accidentally  met  there  a  person 
named  Guilfovle,  who  was  for  man^  Z!^^"^  ^^ 
the  employ  of  my  uncle,  the  said  Sir  Edward 
Douffhty  (deceasea).  When  I  was  at  Sydney, 
Guilfoyle  was,  and  I  believe  that  he  is  now, 
carrying  on  business  as  a  nurserynum.  Guil- 
foyle and  his  wife,  who  also  saw  me  at  Sydney, 
well  knew  me  before  I  left  Sydney  in  the  year 
1853,  and  upon  seeing  meat  Sydney  tiiey  recog- 
nized me  as  the  eldest  son  of  the  said  Sir  James 
Francis  Doughty  Tichbome. 

**  I  also  met  at  Sydney  Andrew  Bogle,  who 
also  had  for  many  ^ears  been  in  the  employ  of 
my  uncle,  the  said  Sir  Edward  Douffhtv,  as 
vuet,  and  to  whom  I  was  well  known  oefore  I 
left  England  in  the  year  1853.  The  said  Andrew 
Bogle,  upon  meeting  me  at  Sydney,  also  recog- 
nized me  as  the  eldest  son  of  the  said  Sir  James 
Francis  Doughty  Tichbome,  and  tiie  said 
Andrew  Bogle,  at  his  own  request,  accompanied 
me  to  England. 

**  I  have  been  informed  by  the  said  Andrew 
Bogle,  and  believe,  that  he,  the  said  Andrew 
Bogle,  actine  in  the  full  belief  that  my  relatives 
would  be  glad  to  hear  that  I  was  alive  and  had 
been  recognized  by  one  who  knew  me  well, 
shortly  before  his  embarkation  sent  to  my  aunt. 
Dame  Katherine  Doughty,  a  letter  informing 
her  of  the  fact,  and  that  I  and  himself  were 
about  to  embark  for  England.  I  believe  that 
such  letter  was  received  by  the  said  Dame 
Katherine  Doughty  in  course  of  post,  and  in  or 
about  the  month  of  October,  1866,  and  that  the 
said  Dame  Katherine  Doughty  at  once  com- 
municated the  contents  of  such  letter  to  the 
abovenamed  defendants  Teresa  Mary  Josephine 
Doughty  Tichbome,  William  Stourton,  and 
Rennic  Arundell. 

**  In  the  month  of  September,  1866,  I,  my 
wife,  and  child,  embarked  at  the  port  of  Sydney 
on  board  the  '  Rakaia,'  bound  for  Panama,  and, 
having  arrived  there,  proceeded  across  the  Isth- 
mas  to  Aspinwall,  and  from  thence  by  way  of 
New  York,  to  England,  and  arrived  on  the  25th 
day  of  December,  1866,  at  the  Victoria  Docks, 
limehouse,  on  board  the  steamship  'Cella.* 

**  Shortlv  afterwards,  and  in  the  same  month 
of  December,  I  visited  Alresford,  near  to 
Tichbome,  and  found  that  Tichbome  house  was 
occupied  by  Colonel  Lushinffton.  Having  re- 
mained at  Alresford  a  few  days,  I  returned  to 
London,  and  subseqnentlv  stayed  for  a  few  days 
at  the  *  Clarendon  Hotel,  at  Gravesend.  On  or 
about  the  5th  of  January,  1867,  the  defendant, 
Vincent  Gosford,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Plowden, 
a  distant  relative  of  mine,  and  Mr.  Cullington, 
of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Slaughter  and  Cullington, 
solicitors  for  several  of  the  defendants  hereto, 
visited  Gravesend  and  saw  me. 

**0n  Tuesday,  the  8th  day  of  January,  1867, 
the  said  Vincent  Gosford  again  called  upon  me, 
and  had  a  prolonged  interview  with  me  at  the 
said  hotel,  and  accompanied  me  in  the  train  to 


374 


TICKETS-OF-LKAVE— ^TOLLEMAOHR 


LtmdoB.  Durine  rach  int«rview«  I  and  the 
said  Vinoent  Gosrord  discuBsed  varioiu  matten 
and  circumstances  relating  to  the  Tidibomeand 
Doufffaty  families,  and  the  neighbourhoods  of 
Tichoome  and  Upton,  with  which  we  were 
both  familiar.  The  said  Vincent  Goeford  has 
since  had  another  interview  with  me,  and  I  then 
a«ain  very  fully  discussed  with  the  said  Vincent 
(£iaf<Kxl  such  matters  and  circiunstances,  and 
recalled  to  the  memory  of  the  said  Vincent 
Goaf ord  various  facts  which  occurred  preyiously 
to  my  leaving  England  in  the  year  1853,  some 
of  wnich  were  only  known  to  me  and  tiie  said 
Vincent  Gosford ;  and  the  said  Vinoent  Gosford 
admitted  that  some  of  such  facts  had  escapecL 
his  recollection  until  they  were  recalled  to  nis 
memory  by  me,  but  that  he  then  well  remem- 
bered that  such  facts  did  occur  as  stated  by  me ; 
and  I  proved  to  the  said  Vinoent  Gosford,  beyond 
a  shadow  of  doubt,  that  I  was  the  eldest  son  of 
the  said  Sir  Jamea  Francis  Doughty  Ticfabome. 
"  I  verily  believe  that  no  circumstance  what- 
ever has  arisen  to  lead  to  or  to  justify  the  said 
Vincent  Goeford  in  raising  any  doubt  whatever 
as  to  my  identity. — {Si^ed)  Rookb  Doughty 
TiCKBOSNS."  [fle  was  sentenced  to  14  yeaxs* 
impriaonnientk  Feb.  28,  1874.]    [See  Trials.] 

TICKETS-OF-LEAVE. 

Ticket-of -leave  holders  were  prisoners,  who^ 
after  serving  a  portion  of  their  sentence,  had  the 
remaininff  portion  remitted,  on  condition  that 
they  resided  in  a  certain  district,  and  reported 
themselves  periodically  to  the  authorities. 

First  granted  to  female  convicts  in  New  South 
Wales,  March  19,  1829. 

The  Governor  of  New  South  Wales  issned  an 
order  that  all  ticket-of-leave  holders  in  the  colony 
shovld  be  mostered  ngulaily  four  times  eveiy 
year,  and  their  tickets  endorsed  by  the  Principiii 
SuperintendeBt  of  C<Mivicts,  April  13,  1826. 

The  Governor  ordered  that  all  prisonera 
holding  tickets-of-leave  do  attend  church  or 
some^ace  of  public  worship)  at  least  once  ob 
every  Sunday ;  and  that  prisoners  who  shall 
ftul  so  to  do  are  immediately  to  be  deprived  of 
their  Uckets-of-leave  and  turned  into  Govern* 
ment  employ.    June  9,  1826^ 

TIDAL  WAVES. 

Tidal  wave  in  Port  Jackson,  Sydney,  August 
16,1868. 

Remarkable  tidal  distarbances  occurred  on 
the  coasts  of  New  Ziealand  and  New  South  Wales, 
May  11,  1877. 

TIDES,  High.  An  extraordinary  tide  occurred 
in  Sythiey  harbour ;  it  rose  3  feet  higher  than 
the  ordinary  Spring  tide,  a  phenomenon  which 
conld  not  be  accounted  for.    Nov.  17,  1^1. 

TIN. 

Tin  discovered  in  the  Ovens  district,  now 
Beechworth,  Victoria,  March  11,  1843. 

The  Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke  reported  his  discovery 
of  tin  on  the  Alps,  along  part  of  the  Murrum- 
bidgee.  New  South  Wales,  August  16,  1849. 


Tin  diaoorereA  at  Broadwater,  a  tributary  of 
the  Severn  river,  by  Jamea  Daw,  who  sab* 
mitted  siMiqiles  to  Mr.  John  Scott,  a  ailver- 
sraitb  and  metalluigiat^  who  declared  it  to  be 
excellent  tin.     1848. 

.  Mr.  Stover,  geologist  of  the  United  States 
expediti<m,  analysed  some  tin  spedraens  given 
him  at  Melbourne,  and  described  those  £raiB  the 
Ovens  river  as  "very  rich  ore  of  tin."  Jan.,  1854, 

Victoria,  up  to  September  1,  1865,  prodnoed 
2,380  tons  of  ore. 

On  October  5,  1871,  Mr.  George  Milner 
Stephen,  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Roderick  Murcfaisan, 
announced  the  discovery  of  a  rich  tin-fiiM  15 
milea  east  of  Inverell,  New  South  Wales. 

Tin  discovered  in  Queensland*  1872. 

Great  discoveries  of  tin  at  Tenterfidd, 
January  12,  1872. 

Tin  ore  discovered  at  Mount  Bischofi^  narth> 
west  ooast  of  Tasmania,  by  Mr.  James  ^nith. 
better  known  aa  "  PhiVM^her  Smith,"  1873. 

Tin  smelting  at  Mount  Bischotf  mines,  Tas- 
mania, successfully  commenced,  Jan.  5»  1875* 
[See  MiinsBAL  SxAnsncSi.] 

TOBACCO, 

The  first  sale  of  Anatzatiantobacoo  took  place^ 
August  8,  1822. 

G)kmial  manufactured  tobacco  first  adver* 
tised  for  sale  at  Sydney,  1824. 

Tobacco  first  manufactured  in  New  South 
Wales^  1842.  [The  manufacturer  was  an  Ameri- 
can. The  importance  of  this  new  branch  of 
industry  was  demonstrated  by  the  fact  that,  in 
1841  the  duty  on  tobacco  amounted  to  £36,188.] 


I 


TOLLEMACHE,  Gsobgk.  The  following  in- 
cidents of  an  Australian  life  will,  no  doubt, 
prove  interesting: — "An  old  friend — and  an 
older  colonist,  passed  through  Dubbo,"  says  the 
Digpatch,  ''tlus  week,  going  down  the  Macquarie. 
George  ToUemache— -oarem  et  venerubUe  nomen 
— ^now  between  70  and  80  years  of  age,  is  a 
colonist  of  54  years  standing.  Attached  in  the 
old  colonial  days  to  the  Commissariat  depart- 
ment, in  1824  ne  formed  one  of  the  expedition 
imder  Sir  John  Gordon-Bremer,  who  took 
possession  of  Moreton  Bay,  Keppel  Bay,  Rock- 
hampton,  Bathurst^  and  Melville  Tttl*^n<^a^  Scc» 
With  the  party  of  Lieutenant  Miller,  of  the 
40th  was  ordered  to  St.  George's  Sound  in  1827, 
Captain  Barlow,  commandant,  and  after  two 
years  there  was  relieved.  In  1834  turned 
squatter  and  took  up  Guyalman  and  Geary 
runs — the  only  stations  in  these jmuIb  then 
were  GoboUon,  owned  by  Judse  Wild^  C%ief 
Justice  at  the  Cape,  and  Murmmbidg^e, 
owned  by  Mr.  Palmer.  like  many  more  he 
went  down  in  the  commercial  wreck  of  1839. 
Poor  old  eentleman,  his  life  is  a  histoiy  of  New 
South  Wues,  and  some  day  or  another,  perhaps 
we  win  be  enabled  to  give  chapters  from  his  nar- 
rative. '  nfty rfour  years  !  why,  *  said  he  to  ua 
on  Wednesday,  '  I  never  saw  Sir  John  Robert- 
son but  once,  and  then  he  was  only  a  boy  ten  or 
twelve  years  old,  walking  by  the  side  of  his 
father  in  George-street,  ^dney.^  ^  January,  1879. 


TOLL-HOUSES— TORRENS'  LAND  ACT. 


275 


TOLL-HOUSES,  erected  in  N.aW.   to  raise 
fnndi  to  keep  the  road  in  repair,  March  24, 1810. 

TOLLS. 

ToUb  on  the  South  Head  Boad,  Sydney,  dia- 
oontinued,  Jol^  1^  1828. 

All  Tolls  m  South  Aastralia  abolished, 
November  31,  1870. 

Tolls,  with  a  few  exceptions,  abolished  in 
Kew  South  Wales,  1877. 

TORRES  STRAITS. 

Discovered,  August  30,  1606. 
Obtain  Blackwood  surveyed  Torres  Straits 
the  years  1842-6. 


TORPEDO  CORPS. 

Established  in  New  South  Wales  (Major  Crack- 
nell  in  command),  January  1,  1878 ;  in  Queens- 
land, April  15,  1878. 

Three  torpedo  boats  launched  in  Sydney, 
designed  by  Norman  Selfe,  C.E.     1878. 

Successful  trial  of  torpedo  boat  in  Port 
Jackson,  April,  1879. 

TORRENS'  LAND  ACT,  The. 

"  A  great  measure  of  legal  reform  is  the  Real 
Property  Act,  devised  by  Mr.  (now  Sir)  R.  R. 
Torrens,  a  ^pentleman  formerlv  holding  a  hi^h 
public  position  in  the  colonv  of  South  Austraha. 
Mr.  Torrens  has  seen  and  felt,  as  many  more  have 
done,  the  scandalous  delay  and  expense  of  trans- 
iening  real  property  under  the  old  law  of  Eng- 
land. This  system  of  tnutsferrinff  real  estate 
by  deed  was  brought  from  EngUnd  to  Australia, 
where  it  was  soon  found  to  be  productive  of 
the  evils  which  attended  it  in  the  old  country. 
In  every  fresh  transaction  in  real  property  a 
new  deed  was  necessary,  which  recapitulated  aU 
the  deeds  that  had  gone  before ;  tais  was  both 
cumbrous  and  costly.  It  was  thought  that  it 
might  be  possible  to  invent  a  simpler,  cheaper, 
and  safer  system ;  and  the  method  of  thinking 
out  and  foilnulating  this  system  belongs  to  Sir 
R.  R.  (then  Mr.)  Torrens.  He  had  been  col- 
lector of  Customs  at  Port  Adelaide,  South  Aus- 
tralia»  and  his  official  emplo^ent  made  him 
familiar  with  the  laws  relating  to  shipping, 
having,  as  he  stated  in  a  pamphlet  published  by 
him,  "  just  such  an  aoqnaintaiioe  with  the  Eng- 
lish Constitution  and  laws  as  ordinarily  entered 
into  the  education  of  an  English  gentleman.'* 

' '  His  starting  point  was  to  apply  to  the  transfer 
of  land  the  principles  which  regulated  the  trans- 
fer of  shipping  property,  by  means  of  registra- 
tion. The  idea  was  a  correct  one,  but  between 
its  conception  and  its  formulation  into  a  code  of 
law  there  was  a  long  and  painful  interval.  He 
consulted  the  then  Chief  Justice,  Sir  Charles 
CK>per,  and  otiier  legal  gentlemen,  and  they 
gave  him  but  little  encouragement.  He  was 
not  a  lawyer.  Many  technical  difficulties  would 
arise  which  would  need  a  lawyer's  trained  skill 
to  surmount,  and  they  warned  him  that  he 
might  expect  no  help  or  support  from  the  pro- 


fession. Mr.  Tonens,  however,  was  one  of  the 
few  men  who  are  not  to  be  discouraged  bv  want 
of  sympathy,  or  beaten  by  opposition.  Tfce  sub- 
ject was  near  his  hearty  and  ne  pondered  over  it 
night  and  day,  until  it  assumed  shape  and  fooD 
in  his  mind.  He  then  drafted  a  bilt  submitted 
it  to  some  of  his  friends,  listened  to  their  su^* 
gestions,  adopting  them  where  he  thought  it 
wise  to  do  so,  and  then  brought  it  before  rarlia- 
ment.  Hie  bill  was  laughed  to  scorn  hj  the 
profession,  but  it  was  eagerly  and  enthusiaatic- 
ally  welcomed  by  thepublic.  Most  of  Uie  hiw* 
yen  stood  aloof.  For  a  layman  to  attempt  t» 
alter  the  whole  system  of  transferin^  real  estate 
by  deed  which  had  the  prestige  of  immemorial 
usMe  in  its  favour,  ana  to  deal  with  real  estate 
as  u  it  were  a  mere  chattel,  was  as  absurd  as  if 
a  tailor  were  to  invent  a  new  method  of  cutting 
for  fistula,  or  an  illiterate  ploughman  a  new 
method  of  calculating  an  eclipse.  Mr.  Torrens, 
however,  made  light  of  both  opposition  and 
ridicule.  There  was  a  crying  evil  to  be  remedied; 
he  had  undertaken  to  remedv  the  evil,  and*  in 
spite  of  all  opposition,  he  would  do  it. 

**  Mr.  Torrens  was  returned  to  Fftriiament  m^ 
one  of  the  memben  for  the  city  for  the  expio» 
purpose  of  canying  the  bill  through  the  Assen- 
uy.  The  1^1^  members  opposed  him  "tooth 
and  nail,"  but  he  had  a  large  majority  of  willini^ 
supporters  at  his  back,  ahd  the  bill  was  UteraUy 
foroed  throu^  the  House  by  "the  brute  lone 
of  a  tyranmcal  majority."    There  was  ^^reater 

2>poBition  in  the  Legislative  Council,  which  has 
ways  been  found  mcnre  conservative  of  old 
institutions.  But  public  opinion  and  the  neiase 
of  the  community  were  too  strong  to  be  resisted* 
and  the  bill  passed  the  Council,  was  assented  to 
by  the  Qovemor,  Jan.  27,  1858,  and  became  law. 

**  At  the  request  of  his  friends,  Mr.  Toneas 
resigned  his  seat  in  Parliament,  and  became 
the  official  head  of  the  department.  He  sag- 
gested  or  superintended  all  the  machinery 
required  for  practically  working  the  new  system. 
He  laboured  at  it  unceasingly,  and  wmu  the 
Act  came  into  operatioii  on  July  2,  1868»  all  the 
office  machinery  was  read^  to  work  it. 

"  The  first  great  principle  of  this  Act  is  the 
transferring  of  real  property  by  resistratioii  of 
title  instead  of  by  deeds ;  the  second  is  abaotete 
indefeasibility  of  title.  The  Byitem  is  very  sim- 
ple and  very  inexpensive.  The  certificate  of 
title  is  registered  in  the  official  re^stry  at  the 
Lands  Tities'  Office,  the  owner  obtaming  a  dup- 
bcate  certificate.  All  transactions  under  the 
land  appear  on  the  face  of  the  certificate,  so  that 
at  a  gunce  it  may  be  seen  whether  the  property 
is  encumbered,  or  any  charges  are  made  upon  it. 
If  an  owner  wishes  to  mortoage  his  land,  he 
takes  his  certificate  to  the  office,  and  has  the 
transaction  marked  upon  it.  If  he  wants  to 
sell,  he  passes  over  the  certificate  to  the  pur- 
chaser, and  the  transaction  is  registered.  An^ 
man  of  ordinary  intelligence  can  do  all  thai  is 
necessary  for  himself  when  once  his  prt^ierty  is 
brought  under  the  Act.  The  only  difficulty  is 
in  getting  the  title  registered  at  first.  After 
that  it  is  all  plain  sailing.    When  a  man  holding 


276 


TOWN  HALL— TRADR 


property  under  deed  wishes  to  have  it  placed 
under  the  Act  he  takes  his  deeds,  which  are  his 
title  to  the  property,  to  the  office.  The  deeds 
are  carefully  examined  by  the  solicitors  to  the 
Lands  Titles*  Commissioners  ;  and  if  there  is  no 
difficulty,  and  after  all  due  publicity  is  given 
and  precautions  taken  to  prevent  fraud  or  mistake 
a  certiticate  is  issued,  and  the  old  deeds  are  can- 
celled. "From,  the  moment  the  land  is  brought 
under  the  Act  and  a  certificate  is  granted,  the 
title  of  the  person  holding  the  certificate 
becomes  indefeasible,  unless  it  has  been  fraudu- 
lently obtained  ;  and  he  can  hold  the  property 
against  the  world. 

' '  Provision  is  made  for  eirors  that  may  possibly 
occur,  by  which  persons  may  be  damnified  or 
deprived  of  their  property.  Even  though  a 
wrong  may  have  been  done,  yet  an  innocent 
holder  of  a  certificate  cannot  be  dispossessed  of 
his  property.  But  to  compensate  persons  who 
may  through  error  ot  fraud  have  been  deprived 
of  their  property,  an  assurance  fund  has  been 
created  b^  a  percentage  of  one  half -penny  in  the 
pound  being  levied  on  all  property  brought  under 
the  Act.  This  fund  now  amounts  to  between 
£30,000  and  £40,000,  and  all  the  chums  that 
have  been  made  upon  it  during  the  seventeen 
years  the  Act  has  been  in  operation  do  not 
Amount  to  £300,  which  is  a  sufficient  proof  of 
the  carefulness  exercised  in  the  examination  of 
old  titles  before  the  certificate  is  issued  in  the 
first  instance. 

''Since  this  Act  came  tnto  operation  all  land 
grants  issued  from  the  Crown  have  been  regis- 
tered nnder  it,  and  a  large  amount  of  property 
formerly  held  under  deed  is  now  registered. 
Confidence  in  the  Act  has  gradually  grown  up. 
The  lawyers  ver^  soon  withdrew  active  opposi- 
tion, and  the  simplicity  of  the  scheme  com- 
mended it  even  to  uie  legal  mind.  Up  to  the 
close  of  1874  the  value  of  the  property  brought 
under  the  operation  of  the  Act>  including  land 
grants,  was  £9,260,186.  The  benefit  to  the 
community  of  having  a  cheap,  simple,  and  ex- 
peditious method  of  dealins  with  land  is  incal- 
culable. Mr.  Dudley  Field,  the  well-known 
American  jurist,  who  was  recently  on  a  visit  to 
his  daughter,  the  wife  of  Governor  Musgrave, 
of  South  Australia^  expressed  his  great  admira- 
tioa  at  the  simplicity  of  our  Real  Property  Act, 


which  was  much  in  advance  of  any  system  of 
dealing  with  real  estate  with  which  he  was 
acquainted.  The  Act  has  been  amended  more 
than  once,  to  render  it  more  workable,  falit  its 
essential  principles  have  been  jealously  guarded. 
"  Soon  after  it  was  set  into  nealthy  operation 
Mr.  Torrens  obtained  leave  from  the  Government 
of  S.  A.  to  visit  the  neighbouring  colonies  at  their 
request  to  explain  and  help  to  initiate  this  Act, 
and  now  all  the  colonies  have  adopted  the  Tor- 
rens's  Act  of  registration  of  title.  The  principle 
of  the  Act  has  also  been  accepted  by  the  first 
jurists  at  home,  where  sevend  attempts  have 
been  made  to  get  it  into  legal  operation.  Lord 
Westbury's  Act  was  a  step  towards  it,  but  it 
had  some  serious  defects  wnich  have  prevented 
it  being  a  success.  There  is  no  doubt  that  it  is 
much  easier  to  introduce  the  system  into  new 
colonies  where  titles  are  easily  traced,  than  into 
old  countries  where,  during  the  lapse  of  genera- 
tions, they  have  become  complicated." 

TOWN  HALL. 

Adelaide.  Foundation  stone  laid  by  the 
Governor,  Sir  Bominick  Daly,  May  4^  1864; 
opened  June  20,  1865.    Cost  £25,000. 

Brisbane,  cost  £28,000 ;  opened  1865. 

Melbourkb.  Memorial  stone  laid  by  Prince 
Alfred,  November  29,  1867  ;  opened  August  9, 
1879.  [Length  of  great  hall,  175  feet ;  width, 
5  feet ;  height  of  tower,  140  feet.  Organ  largest 
in  Australia  ;  4,500  pipes ;  cost  £7,000.— -Total 
cost,  £100,000.] 

Sydney.  Foundation  stone  of  the  Town  Hall 
laid  by  Prince  Alfred,  1868;  opened  July  1, 
1875.    Cost  £80,000. 

TRACTION  ENGINE.  The  "Mag»thon," 
traction  engine,  reached  Goulbum,  after  a  six 
months  journey.  January,  1861.  [The  bad 
state  of  the  roads,  owinff  to  heavy  and  continu- 
ous rains,  was  said  to  have  caused  the  delay. 
B.  H.  Palmer  was  the  owner.] 

TRADE.  The  "  PhQadelphia,"  Captain  Patrick- 
son,  was  the  first  trading  brig  which  ever 
entered  Port  Jackson.  She  came  from  Phila* 
delphia,  North  America,  and  carried  a  large 
stock  of  goods,  which  were  auickly  disposed  of 
by  the  captain  at  a  high  pront.   Nov.  1,  1792. 


Table  showino  the  Trade  of  Australasia  and  New  Zealand. 


Kame  of  Colony. 


Estimated 

Mean 

Population 

oflg77. 


Value  of 

Imports  for 

1877. 


Value  of 

Imports 

per  head 

of  the 

Population. 


Value  of 

Exports  for 

1877. 


Value  of 

Exports 

per  head 

of  the 

Population. 


Total  Value 
of  TVade, 

Importe,  and 
Exports. 


Value  or 
Trade  per 

head  of 
thePopu* 

lation. 


New  South  Wales 

New  Zealand 

Qaeensland    

South  Austnlia  . 

T^wnania   

Victoria 

Western  Australia 

Total  


645,994 
406,348 
196,092 
281,888 
106.294 
849,870 
27.679 


2,464,660 


£ 

14.606,694 

6,978,418 

4,068,682 

4,626,511 

1.908,6n 

16^2,804 

862,707 


48,907,887 


£  8.  d. 

22  12  2. 

17  1  6 
20  17  1 
19  19  I^ 
12  6  % 
19  6  (^ 

18  8  0: 


£ 

18,125,819 

6,827,472 

4.861.275 

4,626,681 

1,416,975 

16,157,687 

873.852 


19  12  Oi 


45,889,111 


17  16 
18  10 


18  8  4 


£ 

27,782,418 

13.800,890 

8,429,967 

9,262,042 

2,726,646 

81,619,991 

786,069 


lw,UIO,IIW5 


88  0  4i 


TRAFFIC  IN  HUMAN  MAORI  HEADS— TRANSPORTATION.      277 


TBAFFIC  IN  HUMAN  MAORI  HEADS.  A 
tnffic  in  human  heads  from  New  Zealand  was 
carried  on  so  extensively  that  the  Government 
felt  called  upon  to  issue  an  order  for  stopping 
the  importation  of  this  singular  description  m 
goods.  1831.  [The  heads  were  'souffht  for  as 
curiosities,  and  they  were  so  preserved  that  the 
fanciful  tattooing  to  which  the  Maoris  subject 
themselves  whilst  living  was  preserved  perfect.] 

TRANSIT  OF  VENUS. 

Captain  Cook*s  party  observed  the  transit  of 
Venus  in  two  places.  The  first  at  Otaheite,  and 
the  second  at  the  island  of  Eimayd,  near 
Otaheite.    June  3, 1768. 

Four  distinct  parties,  oxganised  by  Mr.  H.  C. 
Russell  to  observe  the  transit  of  Venus,  Aus- 
tralia being  especially  favourable  for  such 
observations,  1874. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

Returning  from  transportation  was  punishable 
with  death  until  by  6  Will.  IV,  c.  67,  when  an 
Act  was  passed  makins  the  offence  punishable 
by  transportation  for  me.    January  20,-  1788. 

John  Eyre,  a  man  of  fortune,  sentenced  to  trans- 
portation from  England  to  Australia  for  stealing 
a  few  quires  of  noto  paper,  November  1,  1779. 

The  inquiry  on  the  abolition  of  transportation 
lasted  three  years,  and  was  conducted  by  Mr. 
John  Thomas  Bigge,  Commissioner.     1819. 

Van  Diemen's  Land  appointed  a  place  of 
transportation  for  natives  of  New  South  Wales, 
and  persons  arriving  in  the  colony  free  when 
convicted  of  a  first  offence.     1832. 

A  political  association  formed  in  Sydney  to 
watoh  over  the  affairs  of  the  colony,  and  to 
oorrespond  with  Mr.  Bulwer.  1835.  [From 
this  time  may  be  dated  the  commencement  of 
that  struggle  which  was  some  years  afterwards 
crowned  with  success  by  the  final  abolition  of 
transportation.] 

Public  meeting  held  at  Sydney  in  favor  of 
transportation,  February  9,  1839. 

Transportation  to  New  South  Wales  virtually 
ceased,  August  20,  1840. 

Sir  Qeorge  Gipps  informed  the  Council, 
Sydney,  that  transportation  ceased  on  August  1 
preceding.     October  20,  1840. 

The  ship  ''Eden"  arrived  in  Port  Jackson 
with  convicte  from  England,  November  18,  1840. 

A  petition  was  got  up,  praying  for  the  revival 
of  transportation,  whicn  excited  vexy  consider- 
able discussion,  and  those  who  were  in  favour  of 
ite  revival  were  opprobiously  called  the  "ban- 
ditti party."    1842. 

The  question  for  the  renewal  of  trai^sporta- 
tion  was  brought  formally  before  the  Council,  in 
consequenceofadespatoh  from  the  then  Secretary 
of  State  (Mr.  Gladstone)  to  the  Governor.  Mr. 
Wentworth  obtained  a  select  committee  of  the 
Council  to  inquire  into  and  report  on  the  des- 
patoh  respecting  the  renewal  of  transportation. 


The  result  was,  that  it  spoke  favourably  of  the 
system,  and  ite  views  were  adopted  and  advo- 
cated by  Messrs.  Dangar,  Macartnur,  and  others; 
it  was,  however,  strenuously  opposed  out  of  the 
House,  and  several  anti-transportation  meetings 
held  in  the  colony.  The  first  meeting  was  held 
at  the  City  Theatre,  Sydney,  to  petition  against 
the  renewal  of  transportation.  Mr.  Charles 
Cowper  presided,  and  moved  a  resolution  to  the 
effect  that  the  meeting  had  heard  with  the  deep- 
est feelings  of  alarm  and  regret  that  it  was  pro- 
posed to  renew  transportation  to  this  colony, 
and  that  they  could  not  conceive  any  circum- 
stances under  which  such  a  measure  would  be 
desirable  or  justifiable.  The  resolution  was 
seconded  by  the  Rev.  John  M'Encroe,  and 
petition  to  that  effect  presented  to  the  Legisla- 
tive Council.  To  this  petition,  in  four  days,  200O 
signatures  were  attached.  It  was  presented  at 
the  close  of  the  session,  and  on  the  last  day  of 
the  assembling  of  the  House,  before  its  proroga- 
tion, the  motion  for  printing  the  petiuon  was 
negatived,  so  much  at  variance  was  the  opinion 
within  the  House  and  out  of  doors  on  the  sub- 
ject of  transportation.     October  22,  1846. 

In  consequence  of  the  Council  refusing  to 
print  the  petition,  and  the  report  of  the  House» 
favourable  to  transportation,  being  about  to  be 
sent  to  England,  a  meeting  of  the  anti-trans- 
portation committee  was  held,  when  a  memorial 
to  the  Governor  was  adopted,  for  his  Excellency 
to  transmit  to  England  tne  official  copies  of  the 
petition,  kad  to  use  his  influence  to  prevent  the 
colony  from  being  again  made  a  penal  settlement. 
The  Governor's  reply  was  favourable,  that  he 
would  forward  the  petition,  but  "  he  oould  use 
no  influence  in  the  matter,  for  he  had  none." 
October,  1846. 

A  determination  evinced  by  the  colonists  in 
all  quarters  of  New  South  Wides  against  the  re- 
sumption of  transportation  and  assignment. 
November,  1846. 

The  coloniste  being  much  averse  to  the  revival 
of  transportation,  a  grand  anti-transportation 
meeting  took  place  at  the  Victoria  Theatre,  the 
immediate  object  being  to  protest  against  the 
terms  of  the  despatoh.  The  principal  speakers 
were  Mr.  Charles  Cowper,  Mr.  Robert  Lowe,  and 
the  Rev.  Dean  M'Encroe.  The  adoption  of  a 
petition  against  the  revival  of  transportation 
was  the  next  step  taken,  in  which  it  stated  that 
"  They  felt  bound,  humbly  but  firmly,  to  repre- 
sent to  Her  Majesty  that  it  was  their  duty  and 
their  determination,  by  every  legal  and  consti- 
tutional means,  to  oppose  the  revival  of  trans- 
portation in  any  shape."  Similar  petitions  were 
adopted  in  all  the  principal  towns  in  the  colony. 
Durmg  these  proceedings,  intelligence  was  re- 
ceived that  a  uiipload  of  convicte  was  about  to 
be  despatehed  to  the  colony  from  one  of  the 
porte  of  England,  but  was  prevented  by  cholera 
Dreaking  out  on  board.     February  13,  1849. 

Great  anti-transportation  meeting  held  in 
Melbourne,  February  13,  1849. 

Great  anti-convict  demonstration  at  the  Vic- 
toria Theatre,  Sydney.     The  Mayor  presided, 


^8 


TRANSPORTATION. 


and  the  mincipAl  speakers  were  Charles  Cowper, 
Bobert  tiowe,  and  Dean  M'Encroe.  Marcn  9, 
184d. 

Indignation  meeting  held  in  Sydney,  near 
Oirculiur  Quay,  to  protest  against  misrepresenta- 
tions of  Governor  Fitzroy  to  the  Home  Crovem- 
mentonthetranroortationqnestion.  4000  persons 
present,  Robert  Campbell  presiding,  and  Henry 
Parkes,  G.  A.  Lloyd,  Rev.  Dr.  FiOlerton,  J.  R. 
Wilshire,  J.  M.  Grant,  Richard  Peek,  and 
B.  Flood  being  principal  speakers.     June  11, 

The  €k)veinor  visited  Port  Phillip,  and  at 
Melbourne  was  importuned  to  ward  off  the  evils 
<xf  transportation  to  the  southern  district,  when 
his  Excellency  promised  he  would  do  so,  and 
that  in  case  any  prison-ship  arrived,  he  had 

Sven  the  Superintendent  authority  to  forward 
le  prisoners  to  Sydney.     1849. 

A  despatch  received  from  the  Secretary  of 
State  for  the  Home  Department,  that  transport- 
ation to  New  South  Wales  would  be  again 
adopted,  but  that  it  was  not  intended  to  send 
any  convicts  but  such  as  were  considered  de- 
serving tickets-of-leave  on  their  arrival,  and 
<^culated  to  become  useful  labourers  in  the 
oolony.    1849. 

iSie  CoNYioT  Ships,  Last.] 

Last  convict  ship  arrived  in  Moroton  Bay, 
May  12,  1850. 

Great  transportation  meeting  held  at  Laun- 
oeston,  V.  D.  L.,  August  9,  1850. 

A  large  anti-transportation  meeting  held  in 
Sydney,  in  the  old  Barrack  Square,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  once  more  entering  a  protest  in  the  name 
and  on  behalf  of  the  colonists  at  large,  against 
the  revival  of  transportation  in  any  shape,  or 
nnder  any  name.  6,000  persons  were  present 
•on  the  occasion.  The  pnncipal  speakers  were 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Ross,  G.  K.  Holden,  Archdeacon 
M'Encroe,  George  Bowman,  Captain  Lamb,  Rev. 
^Joseph  Beazley,  Rev.  W.  B.  Boyce,  Rev.  Mr. 
West,  Messrs.  Mort,  Piddington,  and  Weekes. 
fleptember  16,  1850.  [A  combination  of  men 
representing  every  class,  grade,  and  section  of 
the  community  was  present.  At  this  meeting 
was  initiated  the  New  South  Wales  Anti-Trans- 
portation Association.] 

The  Governor  very  unpopular  wMK^a  large 
class  of  colonists,  on  account  of  a  despatch  sent 
by  him  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  in  which 
he  stated  that  the  anti-transportation  meeting 
held  at  the  Circular  Quay  was  attended  oidy  by 
a  portion  of  idlers,  attracted  by  curiosity,  but 
with  no  intention  of  taking  part  in  the  proceed- 
ings, whilst  amongst  those  who  did  take  part 
in  the  business,  there  was,  with  scarcely  an  ex- 
ception, no  person  who  had  any  stake  or  influ- 
ence in  the  community.  As  soon  as  this  docu- 
ment became  publicly  known  a^  ''indignation 
meeting"  was  convened,  when  above  4,000 
persons  were  present,  and  resolutions  were  em- 
bodied in  a  memorial  to  tiie  Queen,  in  which 
it  mentioned  that  the  Governor  had  grossly  mis- 


represented a  series  of  facts,  traduced  a  Iflr^e 
majority  of  the  colonists  of  all  claasea, 
and  betrayed  the  interests  of  the  ook»j; 
that  no  faith  could  be  placed  in  the  promises 
of  the  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies, 
and  solemnly  demanded  a  revocation  of 
the  Order  of  the  Council  making  New 
South  Wales  a  penal  settlement ;  that  the 
despatch  of  the  Governor  testified  his  incapaeil^ 
to  act  as  Governor,  and  earnestly  prayed  his 
instant  removal ;  and  that,  in  aocoraanoe  with 
a  resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  in  1849, 
responsible  government  according  to  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  British  Constitution,  was  necessary 
for  the  government  of  the  colony.     1850. 

Transportation  to  Western   Australia    oom- 
menced,  1850. 

The  subject  of  transportation  again  taken  ap 
very  warmly  by  the  colonists.  The  Home 
Government  still  continued  to  transport  con- 
victs to  Van  Diemen's  Land,  and  a  meeting  was 
held,  when  it  was  proposed  for  the  formation  of 
a  ffreat  league,  a  solemn  covenant  on  the  part  of 
all  colonisto  to  carry  out  the  object  of  for  ever 
putting  an  end  to  transportation  to  any  of  the 
AustiiQian  colonies,  and  delegates  were  ap- 
pointed from  the  other  colonies  for  the  porpose 
of  incorporating  the  Anti-Transportation  Aaao- 
ciation  into  the  C^eneral  League.  The  delegates 
went  through  the  interior,  attending  meeting 
through  the  colony  for  a  similar  purpose  at  Sll 
the  principal  towns.  The  result  was  that  a 
meeting  of  the  League  was  convened,  and 
among^  a  series  of  resolutions,  they  stated 
"that  as  parents,  they  were  bound  by  ereny 
obligation  of  duty  and  affection  to  protect  their 
children  from  the  dangers  incident  to  tiie  trans- 
portation of  offenders  to  these  colonies,  and  they 
united  in  a  solemn  appeal  to  the  humanity  and 

J'ustice  of  the  Sovereign  and  people  of  Great 
Britain  on  behalf  of    the  rising   generatioii.'* 
January,  1851. 

The  petition  from  New  South  Wales  against 
transportation  presented  to  Parliament  by  Sir 
W.  Molesworth,  February  8,  1851. 

Great  anti-transportation  meeting  held  at 
Melbourne  in  St.  Patrick's  Hall,  February  13, 
1851. 

Another  meeting  of  the  Australian  League 
was  called  (Mr.  C.  Cowper  presiding),  in  conse- 
quence of  Earl  Grey,  the  then  Cokmial  Secre- 
tarv,  continuing  transportation  to  the  colony, 
and  to  carry  out  that  object  it  was  proposed 
that  the  Moreton  Bay  dis^ct  should  be  made  a 
separate  colony  from  New  South  Wales.  July 
29,  1851.  [The  result  of  the  meeting  was  to 
consider  whether  the  time  had  not  arrived  for 
appealing  to  the  Queen  by  petition,  praying  Her 
Majesty  to  dismiss  Earl  Grey  from  her  Councils, 
and  entreating  Her  Majesly  to  command  her 
Ministers  to  redeem  the  honour  of  the  Britiah 
crown  by  fulfilling  its  pledge  touching  trans- 
portatioD,  which  had  repeatMly  been  given  to 
the  colonists  of  New  South  Wales  and  Van 
Diemen's  Land.  This  petition  was  adopted,  in 
which  it  also  stated  that  *'  the  petitioners  felt 


TREASUBY—TRIALS. 


279 


eonffllied,  htunUy  bat  finnly,  to  leprocnt  to 
Her  Majesty  in  penon,  that  the  moteifages, 
«fVBOBB,  equivooatiau,  tmd  breaohee  of  faith 
TOBctised  towards  theaa  colonies  hvEarl  Ghrery 
Bad  vnhappil  V  destroyed  all  confidence  in  his 
Lorddhip's  administration  of  colonial  affiora." 
The  principal  speakers  on  this  ocoasioii  were : — 
Mr.  Oowper  (chairman),  Messrs.  Norton,  J.  F. 
Joacphaon,  H.  Parkes,  Gilbert  Wright,  Kemp,  J. 
K.  Holden,  Captain  Laanb,  Robwt  Campbell, 
and  Archdeacon  M'Encroe.] 

Another  transportation  movement  was  made 
in  consequence  of  Earl  Grey's  determination  to 
«atinae  transportation  to  van  Diemen's  Land, 
as  avowed  by  him  to  the  Victorian  delegate, 
Mr.  King,  and  to  separate  Moreton  Bay  from 
New  South  Wales  for  penal  purposes.  A  con- 
latenoe  of  the  transportation  lea^e  was  held 
in  Van  Diemen's  Land,  when  eighteen  repre- 
sentatives from  the  colonies  attended,  and  a 
petition  to  Her  Majesty  was  decided  to  be  pre- 
pared, to  be  8i|[ned  by  the  president,  embodying 
the  decision  of  the  Legislative  Assemblies  of  aU 
the  Australian  colonies  on  the  question  of  trans- 
portotion.     1852. 

Transportetion  to  Tasmania  ceased,  Febmsry 
10,  18S3, 

Cessation  of  transportation  to  Australia,  to 
take  place  in  three  years,  announced,  amidst 
much  rejoicing,  January  26,  1865. 

Last  convict  ship  arrived  in  Western  Anstra- 
lia,  transportetion  thus  finally  ceasing  in  Aus- 
tralasia, January  10,  1868.    [See  ComriCTS.] 

TEEASURY. 

The  Colonial  Treasury  buildings,  Sydney,  New 
South  W^ales,  commenced  in  1849,  completed 
about  the  end  of  1851. 

The  Treasury  buildings,  Melbourne,  com- 
menced in  1858,  opened,  1862.  [This  structure, 
which  faces  Collins  stioet,  cost  £80,000.] 

TREES. 

The  three  larse  Norfolk  Island  Pine  trees 
standing  in  the  Sotanic  Gardens,  Sydney,  were 
planted  in  1817.  The  present  heighte  of  these 
are  88  feet,  102  feet,  110  feet.     1879. 


The  Highest  Trees  ik  At7stralia. — On  the 
Black  Spur  Range,  Gippsland,  Victoria,  is  a 
gum-tree — alive— measurme  420  feet  in  height, 
and  another  (prostrate)  we  almost  incredible 
height  of  480  feet.  Baron  Mueller  is  the  autho- 
rity for  these  measurements.  Professor  Whitney 
flays  that  "  it  overtops  the  highest  sequoia  by 
100  feet." 

"Along  the  Huon  Road,  Tasmania  may  be 
seen  hundreds  of  blue-ffum  trees  ranging  from 
250  to  300  feet  high,  and  there  are  severid  trees 
in  the  Otway  Ranges  and  Tasmania  equal  to 
and  surpassing  the  celebrated  '*  Grizzly  Giant" 
of  California,  m  diameter  of  fair  trunk." 

The  largest  tree  in  Tasmania  is  situated  with- 
in five  miles  of  Hobart  Town,  on  Commissary 
HaU*s  estote,   near  0*Brye&'i  bridge.    Com- 


miasary  Hall  writes  as  follows  : — "  I  have 
viaited  the  tree.  It  is  a  trifle  over  300  feet,  and 
there  are  some  50  feet  of  the  top  blown  off.  I 
myself  have  seen  14  men  on  horseback  in  the 
hollow  of  it.  A  horse  and  dray  has  been  turned 
in  the  hollow  of  the  tree  ;  and  I  was  informed 
during  the  time  that  myself  and  Mr.  TiJly, 
Inspector  of  Surveyors  in  Hobart  Town,  were 
on  a  prospecting  expedition  to  the  Frenchman's 
camp  (for  ^Id)  in  Tasmania  ;  that  in  1854  Sir 
Wm.  Denison,  the  Governor,  and  78  of  the 
Legislative  Assembly  and  their  friends,  dined 
in  the  hollow  of  the  tree."  It  is  now  over  56 
years  since  ite  discovery. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Robinson,  of  Berwick,  Victoria, 
in  a  journey  from  Gippsland  to  Mount  Baw  Baw 
overland,  saw  and  measured  a  tree  500  feet 
hiffh. 

Mr.  M.  Alexander  gives  the  height  of  one  in 
West  Australia,  420  feet,  and  one  in  Victoria, 
480  feet.     1879. 

TREEVE,  JosiAH  Richard.  [See  Trzau, 
Rebiarkable.] 

TRIAL  BY  JURY. 

Trial  by  Jury  obtained  at  the  Quarter 
Sessions  Court,  N.aW.,  October  15,  1824. 

The  first  trial  by  jury  in  the  Supreme  Court» 
N.S.W.,  took  place,  February  12,  1825. 

Mr.  Bulmer  presented  a  petition  to  the  Im- 
perial Parliament  from  the  ooloniste  of  New 
South  Wales^  praying  for  trial  by  jurv  in 
all  cases,  civil  and  criminal,  and  also  ror  a 
Legislative  Assembly  for  New  South  Wales, 
June  29,  1832. 

TRIALS,  Remarkable. 

First  Breack  of  PromUe  Ccue  {Cox  v,  Payne) 
tried  in  Sydney,  N.S.W..  May  17,  1825. 

Lieutenant  Lowe,  of  the  40th  Regiment,  tried 
at  the  Supreme  Court,  Sydney,  for  directing 
four  of  the  soldiers  under  ms  command  to  shoot 
a  native  black,  who  was  char£[ed  with  the  mur- 
der  of  a  settler^s  servant,  which  order  was  at 
once  carried  into  effect.  The  credibilitjr  of  the 
testimony  was  shaken  by  that  of  the  witnesses 
for  the  defence,  and  he  was  acquitted.     1827. 

A  settler  named  Jamison,  tried  for  the  mur- 
der of  a  native  black,  when  it  was  found  to  be 
justifiable  homicide.     1827. 

A  trial  in  the  Supreme  Court,  Mudie  v. 
Kinehela,  occupied  much  public  attention.  It 
was  a  case  in  which  Major  Mudie  prosecuted 
Mr.  Kinchela  (a  son  of  the  late  Juoge)  for  an 
assault.  The  assault  complained  of,  consisted 
of  a  severe  horsewhipping  inflicted  on  the 
Major  by  Kinchela,  in  retaliation  for  insulte  to 
which  his  fatiler  (the  Judge)  had  been  subjected 
in  a  work  published  by  Mudie,  under  the  title 
of  "The  Felonry  of  New  South  Wales."  The 
jury,  taking  into  consideration  the  provocation 
which  the  matter  in  the  book  afforded,  gave  the 
small  damages  of  £50,  being  one  pound  for 
every  blow  the  plaintiff  was  said  to  have  re- 
ceived.   1640.    [See  Courts,  Supreme.] 


280 


TRIALS. 


The  great  trial  between  the  Bamk  of  Austral- 
ana  v.  The  Bank  of  AtutraUa,  took  place 
March  26,  1845.  [It  lasted  until  April  8  fol- 
lowing, when  tiie  jury  being  equal,  no  verdict 
was  returned.  The  amount  sought  to  be  re- 
covered was  £169,000.  The  parties  being  dis- 
satisfied with  the  result,  the  Court  mnted  a 
trial  at  Bar,  which  commenced  June  Z3  follow- 
ing, and  lasted  20  days,  but  a  verdict  was  re- 
turned which  caused  an  appeal  to  be  made  to  the 
Privy  Council  by  the  Baxik  of  Australasia.] 

The  Queen  v.  Bell  for  embezzlement  and  con- 
spiracy. The  trial,  in  Sydney,  lasted  day  by 
day  from  October  8,  1845,  until  December  12 
(65  days),  when  it  was  adjourned  until  January 
following,  on  account  of  the  illness  of  one  of 
the  jurors,  who  subsequently  died.  The  trial 
was  not  proceeded  witn,  and  no  further  steps 
were  taken. 

Mev,  W,  F,  X.  BaiUyv,  Fairfax  (S,  M.  HeraM), 
for  libel  in  publishing  from  "Modem  State  trials, 
1850,"  an  account  of  an  extensive  forgery  in 
London.  Verdict  for  plaintiff  :  £100  damages. 
August  11,  1864. 

The  Newtown  Ejectment  Case^  known  also  as 
the  celebrated  Devine  will  case,   tried  in  the 
Supreme  Court,  Sydney,  a  verdict  for  defendan,, 
given  after  atriid  extending  over  eight  days. 
1852.     [The  circumstances  were  that  Nicholas 
Devine,  an  officer  who  arrived  in  the  ''first 
fleet)"  and  who  served  the  (Government  for  25 
years  as  Superintendent  of  Convicts,  received  in 
recognition  of  his  services  a  crant  of  210  acres 
of  hmd  adjoining  Sydney,  and  afterwards  called 
Newtown.     One  Bernard  Rochford,  lived  with 
Devine  as   an   assigned   servant,  or  rather  as 
his  guardian,  for  he  became  enfeebled  in  mind 
and    body,    and   in  1827   Devine    executed    a 
conveyance  of  the  whole  of  his  landed  properly, 
to  Rochford.     After  the  death  of  Devine,  Koch- 
ford  sold  the  whole  of  the  property,  which  in  a 
few  years  became  very  valuable,  by  reason  of 
Sydney  having  extended  its  limits  and  Newtown 
having    become    one    of    the    most   populous, 
healthy,   and  highly  improved  suburbs  of  the 
city«      Things   having    assumed    this   altered 
aspect,  the  wnole  history  of  the  affair  was  not 
long;  reaching  the  ears  of  Dcvine's  relatives  in 
Ireumd,  and  the  grand  nephew  and  heir-at-law 
of  the  original  grantee  came  to  the  colony  and 
claimed  we  whole  estate,   on  the  ground  that 
the  conveyance  of  1827  was  a  forgery  or  a  fraud, 
Devine  having  been  at  that  time  and  for  some 
years  previously,  generally  insane  ;  or  if  this 
ground  were  not  tenable  that  Rochford  beiujgf  a 
prisoner  of  the  Crown  could  not  lawfuUy'acquire, 
nold,   or  dispose  of  property   of  this  nature. 
Twenty-six  gentlemen   aefended   their   home- 
steads in  this  laW-suit.    The  case,  was,  how- 
ever referred  to  the  Privy  Council,  and  a  new 
trial  granted,  which  was  heard  in  the  Supreme 
Court,    Sydney,    before    Judge    Dickinson,  in 
1857,    and  lasted  30  days,   resulting  again    in 
favour   of   defendants.    September    19,    1857. 
Further  litigation  was  prevented  by  a  compro- 
mise, the  plaintiff  receiving  a  sum  of  money  in 
consideration  of  foregoing  his  claim.] 


Firtt  QueenOand  State  Trial  {Begkm  v. 
Pugh,)  tried  August  21,  1861. 

Urquhart  v,  Argua,  libel,  Melbooxne  Supreme 
Court,  damages  40s.  March,  1865. 

Chisholm  v,  Macauley.  The  ri^t  of  free 
selectors  in  New  South  Wales  to  impound,  con- 
firmed, September  8,  1868. 

Mate  V.  Nugent,  Crown  grant  v.  Selection. 
[Before  N.S.  W.  Courts  several  years,  ultimately 
decided  in  favour  of  Mate.]    March  25,  1869. 

William  Lorando  Jones,  a  sculptor,  tried  at 
the  Parramatta  Quarter  Sessions,  before  his 
Honor  Judge  Simpson,  for  blasphemy  in  read- 
ing passages  from  the  Old  Testament  scripture 
and  commenting  on  them,  intending  thereby  to 
brin^  the  Holy  Scriptures  and  the  Christian 
religion  into  disbeli^  and  contempt  Defen- 
dant was  found  guilty,  and  sentenced  to  two 
.  years'  imprisonment  in  Darlinghurst  Gaol,  and 
to  pay  a  fine  of  £100  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen. 
February  18,  1871.  [The  event  created  con- 
siderable sensation,  and  the  case  was  brought 
before  Parliament.  The  Governor  and  the 
Executive  decided  to  release  Jones  and  remit 
the  fine  after  he  had  served  a  few  weeks'  impri- 
sonment.] 

Trial  of  Oeorge  JRohert  NichoUs,  a  native  of 
the  colony,  aged  90,  and  Alfred  Lyster  or 
Froude,  a  native  of  Dorsetshire,  Ensland,  aged 
20,  at  the  Criminal  Court,  Sydney,  oefore  Mr. 
Justice  Harerave,  for  the  Parramatta  River 
murders.  May  21-22,  1872.  [The  murder  of 
John  Bridcer  took  place  March  8,  1872,  and  of 
Wm.  P.  Walker,  on  March  13,  1872.  The 
prisoners  were  convicted  and  afterwards  exe- 
cuted for  latter  offence.] 

Trial  at  Melbourne  of  Mount  and  Morris 
for  the  "Carl"  murders.  Verdict  of  man- 
slaughter returned.  December  21,  1872.  [The 
Erisoners  were  afterwards  released  on  a  point  of 
tw.] 

Barton  r.  ifutV,  right  to  transfer  free  selec- 
tion. Ended  in  favour  of  the  squatter  (Barton). 
July  10,  1873. 

Tiehbome  v,  Lushington,  The  plaintiff  declared 
himself  to  be  Sir  Roger  Charles  Tiehbome,  sup- 
posed to  have  lieen  lost  at  sea,  and  claimed  the 
oaronetcy  and  estates,  worth  about  £24,000  a 
year.     [6V«  Tichbobnk.]    Roger  Charles  Tieh- 
bome, son  of   Sir  James,  bom  1829 ;  educated 
in  France  till  about  1843;   entered  the  army 
1849 ;    proposed  marriage  to  his  cousin   Kate 
Doughty,  aeclined,  January,  1852 ;  sailed  from 
Havre  for  Valparaiso  (Mardi),  and  arrived  there 
June  10,  1853 ;  sailed  from  Kio  Janeiro  in  the 
''Bella,"    which  foundered  at  sea,  April  20, 
1854.     [A  Chancery  suit  was  instituted,  and  his 
death  legally  proved.]    His  mother  advertised 
for  her  son.  May  10,  1865  ;  the  claimant  (found 
by  Gibbes  and  Cubitt  in  Australia)  asserted  that 
he  and  eight  of  the  crew  were  saved  from  the 
wreck  of  the  **  Bella  **;  that  he  went  to  Austra- 
lia, and  lived  there,  roughly,  for  13  years  under 
the  name  of  Castro ;  married  as  Castro,  Janu- 
ary, as  Tiehbome,  July  3,  1866  ;  he  set  up  his 
claim,  and  was  accepted  by  the  dowager  Lady 


TRIALS. 


281 


Tichboma  as  her  wm  at  Paris,  Jaauaiy,  1867. 
[No  others  of  the  family  accepted  him  ;  but  Sir 
Clifford  Constable  and  some  brother  officers 
did.]  His  claim  was  resisted  on  behalf  of  Sir 
Henry  (a  minor),  son  of  Sir  Alfred  Tichbome, 
and  after  Chancery  ^froceeding  (b^[an  March, 
1867),  a  trial  begun  m  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  London,  before  Chief  Justice  BoviU,  May 
11,  1871 ;  the  claimant  was  examined  22  days  ; 
the  trial  adjourned  on  40th  day,  July  7th  ;  re- 
sumed, November  7th  ;  case  for  plaintiff  closed, 
December  21st ;  trial  resumed,  January  15, 1872 ; 
the  Attorney-General,  Sir  J.  D.  Coleridge,  spoke 
26  days;  on  March  4th  the  jury  escpressed 
themselves  satisfied  that  the  claimant  was  not  Sir 
Sfl^ger ;  on  the  103rd  dayhe  was  declared  non- 
suited, March  6, 1872.  fThe  law  proceedings  are 
said  to  have  cost  the  estate  nearly  £92, 000.  ]  He 
was  lodged  in  Newgate  to  be  tried  for  perjury, 
March  7th  ;  indict^  as  Thomas  Castro,  other- 
wise Arthur  Orton,  for  perjury  and  foreery,  April 
9th ;  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench  decided  that  he 
be  admitted  to  bail,  April  23rd ;  released,  April 
26th;  Lady  Doughty,  mother  of  Sir  Henry  Tich- 
borne,  died  December  13th ;  the  trial  of  the 
claimant  for  perjury  and  foi^ery  beffun  before 
Chief  Justice  Cockbum  and  Justices  Mellor  and 
Lush  at  Bar  April  23, 1873;  case  fortheprosecution 
dosed,  July  10th ;  resumed  (for  defence)  July 
21th.  [Up  to  June  27th  (47th  day  of  the  trial), 
out  of  150  witnesses  above  100  had  sworn  that 
the  claimant  was  not  Tichbome,  and  about  40 
that  he  was  Arthur  Orton.]  The  claimant  for- 
bidden to  attend  public  meetings,  September  10, 
1873  ;  cose  for  the  defence  closed  on  the  124th 
day,  October  27th  ;  adjourned  from  October  31st 
to  November  17th,  then  to  November  27th  ; 
rebutting  evidence  heard,  November  27-28 ; 
Dr.  Kennealy's  summing  up,  December  2-14, 
January  15-28,  1874.  [Mr.  Whalley,  M.P., 
for  contempt  of  court,  fined  £250,  January 
23rd.]  The  Chief  Justice's  summing  up,  from 
Jaauarv  29th,  to  February  28th.  Verdict  ;— 
That  the  claimant  did  falsely  swear :  That  he 
was  Roger  Charles  Tichbome ;  that  he  seduced 
Catherine  N.  £.  Doughty  in  1851  ;  and  that  he 
was  not  Arthur  Orton.  Sentence:  14  years  im- 
prisonment with  hard  labour,  Februarv  28, 
1874.  [Longest  trial  known  in  England.] 
New  trial  refused  by  the  judges,  April  20,  1874 ; 
Jean  Luie  (Lindgren)  and  **  Capt.  Brown  con- 
victed of  perjury  in  the  Tichbome  case  (7  years' 
and  5  years'  penal  servitude),  April  9-10, 
1874. 

Charles  Orton  declared  the  claimant  to  be  his 
brother,  at  the  Olobe  Office,  London,  March  10, 
1874. 

Joachim  v.  G'Shanasty.  Joachim  took  up 
eight  selections  of  320  acres  each  in  the  names 
of  his  children  on  O'Shanassy's  Moira  run, 
N.S.  W.,  on  February  20,  1873.  The  Utigation 
lasted  three  years ;  ultimately  Privy  Council 
decided  in  favour  of  Joachim,  1877. 

Peter  F.  Macdcnald  v.  Queensland  Oovemment, 
for  losses  through  irregular  issue  of  pastoral 
leases  of  runs  to  others  which  were  rented  to 


him ;  tried  at  Bockhampton.  Verdict  for 
plaintiff  (including  interest,  £7,000),  £19,700, 
April  12-19,  1879. 

«/.  V.  Lavera  v.  Municipal  CauncU,  Sydney, 
for  £3,000  damages,  being  £1,000  per  month  for 
non-completion  of  Town  Hall,  Sydney,  accord- 
ing to  Act  of  Parliament.  He  lost  the  case  on 
a  technical  point,  April,  1875. 

Hugh  James  Vincent  0*FerraU,  convicted  in 
Melbourne  of  embezzlement  in  the  Lands  office, 
sentenced  to  12  vears'  imprisonment,  July  31, 

1875.  [His  defalcations  were  supposed  to  have 
amounted  to  £30,000.] 

Learmonth  v.  Bailey,  Great  Victorian 
mining  case.  Case  cast  for  plaintiff,  £10,000. 
1876. 

MayneSf  Treeve,  and  Co.,  auctioneers, 
Sydney,  failed.     Baynes  died  in    September, 

1876,  and  his  partner,  Josiah  Bichard  Treeve, 
who  had  previously  announced  his  succession  to 
the  title  of  Lord  Blayney,  attempted  to  escape 
from  the  colony  in  the  **  Fanny  Wright,"  which 
however,  in  siuling  out  of  Port  Jackson,  came 
into  collision  with  the  steamer  "City  of 
Hobart,"  and  was  sunk.  Treeve  was  arrested  a 
few  days  afterwards,  and  tried  at  the  Criminal 
Court,  Sydney,  before  Mr.  Justice  Faucett,  on 
November  11,  1876,  and  following  days,  for 
forging  the  name  of  Mr.  (now  Sir)  G.  Wi^;ram 
Allen,  and  other  directors  of  a  Building  Society, 
to  eight  pieces  of  paper,  each  of  the  value  of 
£3,000  to  £4,000.  The  prisoner  found  guilty 
and  sentenced  to  thirteen  years'  imprisonment, 
November  24,  1876. 

Robert  Hancock,  a  rich  old  colonist,  died  in 
Sydney,  (leaving  property  worth  about  £40,000), 
Febraary  26,  1876.  He  left  a  will  dated  August 
4,  1870,  bestowing  his  property  on  Haimah 
Hincksman,  Mary  Hincksman,  and  Mary  Payne. 
A  solicitor's  clerk,  named  Marshall,  produced  a 
second  will  dated  November  1,  1875,  leaving 
some  of  the  property  to  Mrs.  Burton  and  £2,000 
to  the  Bandwick  Asylum.  The  trial  to  prove 
the  validity  of  the  second  will  took  place  in 
Supreme  Court,  Sydney,  March  2,  5,  6,  7,  and 
8,  1877,  and  ended  in  a  verdict  against  its 
validity.  Marshall  was  tried  for  forging  the 
second  will ;  convicted  and  sentenced  to  seven 
years  hard  labour,  February  29,  1878. 

Important  insurance  case.  Manning  v.  New 
Zealand  Co.,  for  insurance  on  "  Lord  Ashley," 
tried  at  Sydney.  Verdict  for  plaintiff,  March 
19,  1878. 

The  charse  preferred  i^ainst  Mr.  O,  Steven- 
son and  others  of  conspiring  to  defraud  the 
Customs,  Melbourne,  teraoinated  August  22, 
1878.  [Ten  of  the  jury  were  for  an  acquittal 
and  two  held  out  for  the  conviction  of  the 
defendant  Stevenson;  no  verdict  could  be 
taken.] 

Important  judgment  in  the  Supreme  Court  in 
the  case  of  Lloyd  v.  Vickery.  November  21, 
1878.  [This  trial,  involving  large  interests  in  sta- 
tions on  Liverpool  Plains,  N.S.W.,  has  already 
extended  over  five  years,  and  has  not  yet  (May» 
1879)  oududed.] 


282 


TRICB^ITT— UNIVERSITIES. 


TRICKETT,  Edwakd,  CiMinpion  (Mnman   of 
tile  World.    [See  Aquatiob.] 

TUBTLE&    A  turtle  w«ighiii£  6  cwt ,  Kecked 
hy  a  fiahemuui  in  BrokoD  £ty,  Oecomber,  1808. 

TWOFOLD  BAY. 

Discovered  by  Bass,  Deo.  19, 1797. 

Twofold  Bay  sarveyed  by  Mr.  Bass,  surgeon, 
cf  the  "B.eliance/'  January  11,  1798. 

Twofold  Bay  settled,  August  15,  1834. 

Governor  Bourke  made  a  voyage  to  Twofold 
Bay,  returning  overland  by  way  of  Goulbum, 
FJowucv  14^835. 


U. 


UNTTAKIAN  CHURCH. 

Unitarian  congregation  formed  in  Sydney 
throurii  instrumentiuity  of  Mr.  Wm.  MacDon- 
nell,  June  80,  1850. 

First  service  held  in  Macqnarie-street  Chapel 
by  Rev.  G.  H.  Stanley,  B.A.,  October  30,  1853. 
Mr.  Stanley  who  took  LL.D.  degree  at  Sydney 
University,  officiated  for  eleven  years.  Rev. 
James  Pillars  succeeded  him  in  1864,  and  con- 
tinued the  services  till  August,  1873,  when  a 
division  took  place  in  the  congregation,  and  he 
conducted  a  separate  service  in  the  Temperance 
Hall  until  his  death  by  a  fall  over  the  cliffo  at 
South  Head,  Jul^,  1875.  Rev.  John  H.  Smith, 
his  successor,  arrived  in  Sydney,  Aug.  6,  1878. 

New  Unitarian  Church,  Liverpool-street,  Hyde 
Park,  Sydney,  commenced  1872 ;  opened  1879. 

Unitarian  Church,  Melbourne,  Rev.  Maxwell 
Davidson,  1853;  Rev.  Henry  Hig^;in8on  suc- 
ceeded him  and  officiated  until  nu  death  in 
1869 ;  he  was  succeeded  by  the  present  minister 
Miss  Turner. 

Unitarian  Church,  Adelaide,  established  about 
1855;  Rev.  J.  C.  Wood  first  and  present  minister. 

UNIVERSITIES. 

Univebsity  of  Stdnet. 

A  motion  brought  into  the  Sydney  Le^sla- 
tive  Council  by  A6.  W.  C.  Wentworth,  for  msti- 
tuting  a  University  in  the  colony  for  the  pro- 
motion of  literature  and  science,  to  be  endowed 
at  the  public  exp^ose,  September  5,  1849.  To 
William  Charles  Wentworth  belong  the  ri^ht  of 
being  named  as  the  founder  of  the  University  of 
Sydney.  He  was  chairman  of  the  committee 
from  which  the  report  emanated,  the  original 
projector  of  the  Institution,  and  the  author  of 
the  document  in  which  the  scheme  of  its  forma- 
tion was  laid  down.  An  Act  to  incorporate  the 
Senate  of  the  University  was  shortly  afterwards 
passed.] 

The  Sydney  University  (the  first  institution  of 
the  kind  in  Australia)  inaugurated,  October  11, 
1852.    [The  inaugural  addresses  were  delivered 


by  Dr.  (aftsrwarda  Sir)  ChaiiesNicboln^  Yioe- 
I^rovost,  and  ihe  Rev.  John  Woolley,  the  Armci' 
paL  The  fint  memben  of  the  oanate  wore: 
Ptovost:  A.  J.  Hamilton,  M.A. ;  Vioe-Provoat : 
Sir  Charles  Nicholson,  Knight ;  Fellows  :  Renr. 
W.  B.  Boyoe,  Sdwaid  Broadfanrst,  B.A.,  Jolm 
Bayley  Darvall,  M.A.,  Stnart  A.  Donaldson, 
Right  Rev.  C.  H.  Davis,  D.D.,  Al£red  D«ni«», 
M.A.  i  J.  Macarthnr,  F.L.&  Menwether, 
RA.,  Bartholomew  O'Brien,  M.D.,  J.  H.  Plmi- 
kett,  M.A.,  Justice  Therry,  K  DeM-TboMoa 
and  William  Charles  Wentworth.] 

The  first  Chancellor  of  the  Sjrdney  UniTvr- 
sity  was  Sir  Charles  Nicholson,  1854. 


Degrees  (B.  A.),  first  issued  by  Sydney  Univer- 
sity, 1857  (A.  Renwick,  6.  Salting,  W.  Salting. 
[The  degree  of  M.A.  was  first  conferred  m 
1859  (M.  Burdekin,  W.  C.  Curtis,  R.  M.  Rt»- 
gerald,  E.  Lee,  D.  S.  Mitchell,  W.  C.  Windeyer, 
T.  W.  Johnson,  T.  Kinloch).  The  d^flx^e  of 
LL.D.  was  first  conferred  in  1866  (J.  S.  Fatter- 
son,  O.  H.  Stanley).  The  deme  of  LL.R  was 
first  conferred  in  1867  (F.  E.  Rogers).  The 
degree  of  M.B.  was  first  conferred  in  1867  (P. 
Smith),  and  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1868  (C.  F. 
Goldsborough).  The  selection  of  professors  for 
the  several  chairs  was  entrusted  to  a  committee 
of  eentlemen  in  England,  and  the  prof essora 
arrived  in  1852.  £.  T.  Hamilton,  M.A.,  late 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  was  the 
first  Provost.  By  Royal  charter,  issued  February 
7th,  1858,  the  same  rank,  stvle,  and  i>recedenoe 
are  granted  to  graduates  of  the  University  of 
Sydney  as  are  enjoyed  by  graduates  of  Univer- 
sities within  the  United  Kingdom.  A  similar 
charter  was  issued  to  Melboiune  University  on 
March  14,  1859.] 

Sydney  University  public  examinationa  for 
pupils  of  any  public  or  private  school,  or  those 
educated  by  private  tuition,  and  founded  on  the 
middle  class  examinations  of  Oxford  and  Cam- 
bridge Universities,  November,  1869. 

William  Charles  Windever,  Esq., elected  tothe 
Legislative  Assembly  of  ifew  South  Wales  as 
first  Member  for  the  University  of  Sydney, 
according  to  the  Electoral  Act,  the  Univenify 
having  at  length  attained  on  its  roll  the  reqniaitB 
number  of  one  hundred  superior  graduates,  Sep- 
tember 8,  1876. 

Sir  E.  Deas-Thomson,  Chancellor  of  Sydney 
University,  1865 ;  retired,  April,  1878. 

Sir  William  M.  Manning  elected  Chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Sydney,  April,  1878. 

FoTna)ATioNs  and  Bknisfactioks  at  Univsr- 
siTY  or  Sydney. 

"Scholarships :  1853,  Mr.  Solomon  Levy,  £500, 
originally  for  education  of  orphans  in  the  Gkam- 
mar  School,  now  for  natural  science  in  second 
year  in  the  University ;  1853,  Mr.  Thomas 
Barker,  £1,000,  for  profioiency  in  mathemalacs ; 
1854,  Hon.  Sir  E.  Deas-Thomson, C.R, K.aM.G. 
£1,000,  for  proficiency  in  chemistry  and  experi- 
mental physics ;  1854,  Mr.  W.  C.  Wentworth, 
£200^  annual  prize  for  English  essay.    Scholar- 


UNIYESSTEIES. 


•Up :  1857,  Sir  D.  Cooper,  B«rt.,  £1»000,  for 
pioaciency  in  classics;  exhibition:  1868,  Mr. 
a  K.  Salting,  £500,  for  a  student  from  the 
Bvdney  Grammar  School.  Fellowships  :  1802, 
Mr.  W.  C.  Wentworth,  £446,  for  a  travelling 
fellowship  (amount  to  accnmnlate  sofficiently) ; 
1864,  Mr.  W.  Lithgow£l,000»forascholarBlup, 
now  awarded  for  classics  in  second  year. 
Priaes  :  1867,  Sir  C.  Nicholson,  Bart,  £200,  for 
aonnal  piixe  for  Latin  verse ;  1867,  educational 
fund  devised  by  Dr.  Oilchnst,  oi  Sidney,  in 
which  this  University's  interest  is  ca|»taliaed  as 
£3,000,  the  right  m  the  presentation  every 
other  year  to  a  scholarship  of  £100  per  annum, 
tenable  for  three  years,  and  to  be  neld  at  the 
University  of  London  or  of  Edinburgh ;  1870, 
Sir  G.  W.  Allen,  £381,  towards  the  foundation 
of  a  scholarship  (amount  to  accumulate  suffi- 
ciently). 1870,  £arl  Belmore,  £300,  for  annual 
prize  for  agricultural  chemistr^r;  1872,  Hon. 
J  ohn  Fairfax,  £600,  for  annual  prizes  for  females 
at  the  public  examination.  Bursaries  :  1874, 
Mrs.  Maurice  Alexander,  £1,000,  to  found  one 
bursary.  Prize:  1874,  subecribersto  testimonial 
to  Rev.  John  West,  £200,  for  annualprize  at 
public  examination.  Bursaries  :  1874,  Mr. 
£dwin  Dalton,  £10,000,  bequest,  subject  to  a 
tenure  for  one  life,  for  scholarships  in  memory 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Woolley ;  1876,  Hon.  John 
Frazer,  £2,000,  to  found  two  bursaries,  in  honour 
of  his  deceased  won  ;  1876,  Mr.  Fitzwilliam 
Wentworth,  £2,000,  to  found  two  bursaries,  in 
honour  of  his  father,  William  Charles  Went- 
worth ;  1876,  Mrs.  Burdekin,  £1,000,  to  found  a 
bursary ;  1876,  Mrs.  Hunter  Baillie,  £1,000,  to 
found  a  bursary ;  1877,  Mrs.  Hunter  BaiUie, 
£1,000  to  found  a  bursary  for  sons  of  ministers  of 
T^on;  1877,  Hon.  J.  B.  Watt,  £1,000,  to 
found  an  exhibition  for  students  from  primary 
achools ;  1877,  Mr.  Arthur  Renwick,  £1,000,  to 
found  a  scholarship  for  natural  science,  with 
especial  reference  to  comparative  anatomy,  when 
s  school  of  medicine  shall  have  been  established  ; 
1877,  Mr.  Andrew  R.  Cameron,  M.B.,  £1,100, 
for  a  schoUrship  for  general  proficiency  in  the 
first  vear ;  1877,  Mrs.  Hovelf,  £5,000,  for  the 
fonn&tion  of  a  professorship  of  geology  and 
physical  seography ;  1878,  non.  Geor;^  Allen, 
£1,000,  ror  a  scholarship  for  proficiency  in 
mathematics  in  the  secona  year.  Note. — Some 
of  the  above  amounts  were  originally  given  in 
the  form  of  debentures,  at  a  cost  to  the  donors 
in  excess  of  the  nominal  amounts ;  and  others, 
in  like  form  of  investment,  have  since  increued 
in  value.  Accumulations  have  also  risen,  to  the 
amount  of  about  £3,100,  under  the  direction  of 
benefactors,  and  from  changes  of  investment  and 
other  causes. 

*'  Other  Benefactions  :  Sir  (f^arles  Nicholson, 
Bart,  collection  of  Egyptian  antiquities,  &c.  ; 
Mr.  J.  H.  Challis,  £760,  for  Great  Northern 
window  in  University  HaU  ;  Sir  Charles  Nichol- 
son, Bart.,  £600,  for  Great  Western  window; 
Sir  Daniel  Cooper,  Bart.,  £600,  for  Great  Eastern 
window  ;  Mr.  Henry  O'Brien,  £100;  Mr.  Charles 
Newton,  £100 ;  Mr.  Edward  Knox,  £100  ;  Mr. 
William  I^ng,  £100 ;  Mr.  John  Bobie,  £100 ; 


Mr.  Robert  litqseiald,  £100;  Mr.  A.  Moses, 
£100;  Mr.  J<rfm  Ree^  £100;  Mr.  ThomaB 
Barker,  £100;  Messrs.  Henry  and  Alfred  Beni- 
son,  £100 ;  and  Mr.  Thomas  W.  Smart,  £100— 
for  side  windows  in  the  halL  Mr.  P.  A.  Jennings, 
£1,000,  towards  an  organ;  Mr.  A.  Renwi^, 
£100,  for  purchase  of  bo3t  ("  Leipsius :  Antiqui- 
ties of  igyot  and  i£thioma") ;  Mr.  Juaoee 
Fauoett  £160,  and  Sir  H.  Robinson,  £63,  .for 
prizes ;  Mr.  T.  Mort,  £315,  for  a  travelling  fel- 
lowship ;  Professor  Woolley  £50,  Bir.  K  Otaal' 
ton  £60,  Sir  C.  Nicholson  £80,  Hon.  G.  Allen 
£30,  Mr.  G.  Merewether  £60,  Professor  Pell 
£120,  and  ProfessorSmith  £140,  for  prizes;  also, 
from  Professor  Smith,  £360,  towards  the  estab- 
Uahment  ci  the  chair  dP  Geolo^ ;  Mr.  T.  Walker, 
£700,  beinff  the  amount  paid  by  him  for  the 
library  of  Vke  late  Mr.  Stenhouae,  and  presented 
to  the  Univernty.    Total,  £43,014. 

"  In  addition  to  the  above,  it  has  been  officially 
notified  to  the  Senate  that  the  Hon.  W.  Macleay 
has  by  will  devised  to  the  University  his  valuable 
museum  of  natural  history  and  zoological  library, 
together  with  £6,000  for  the  foundation  and 
maintenance  of  a  euratorship  in  connection  with 
it — Hugh  Ksnnkdt,  Registrar." 

COLLaOEB  AFFILIATED  TO.      St.  Paul's  (GhUTCh 

of  England)  College '  established,  1868;  St. 
John's  (Roman  Catholic)  College  established, 
1868;  St.  Andrew's  (Presbyterian)  College 
established,  1868 ;  St.  John's  College  re- 
organised, 1874.  [These  colleges  are  all  within 
the  University  of  Sydney.] 

New  Zealand. 

Dunedin  University,  New  Zealand,  opened, 
Juhr  5,  1871. 

Canterbury  College,  Christchurch,  N.Z., 
opened  by  Ck»vemor  the  Marquis  of  Normanby, 
June  7,  1877.  [This  forms  one  of  the  coU^es 
attached  to  the  New  Zealand  **  Travelling  I^- 
versity."] 

South  Austilalia. 

Adelaide  University  founded,  1874  [Two 
colonists,  Mr.  W.  W.  Hughes  and  Mr.  Thomas 
Elder,  each  ^ve  £20,000  towards  founding  the 
Adelaide  Umversity,  1874.] 

The  first  to  receive  the  honour  of  a  degree 
(B.A.)  at  the  Adelaide  University  was  L.  A. 
Caterer,  April,  1879. 

Viotoeia. 

The  University  of  Melbourne  was  established 
by  Act  16  Victoria,  No.  34,  to  which  €k)vemor 
lia  Trobe  gave  the  Royal  Assent,  January  22, 
1853. 

Mr.  Justice  Barry  elected  first  Chancellor  of 
Melbourne  University,  May  7, 1863. 

The  foundation-stone  of  the  permanent 
building  of  Melbourne  University,  which  stands 
in  grounds  of  40  acres,  in  the  suburb  of  Carlton, 
was  laid  by  Sir  Charles  Hotham,  July  3,  1854 

Melbourne  University  opened  as  an  institution 
in  the  Exhibition  Buuding,  Melbourne,  April 
13,  1865. 


284 


VACCINATION— VICTORIA. 


The  permanent  building  of  Melbonme  Uni- 
▼enity  was  opened  for  use  October  3,  1855. 
[It  has  power  to  grant  degrees  in  arts,  law, 
medicine  and  music] 

Degrees  (B.A.)t  firist  issued  by  the  Melbourne 
University,  1858  (J.  C.  Cole,  J.  M.  Mac-Far- 
land,  and  0.  H.  Qreene).  [The  desree  of  M.A. 
was  first  conferred  in  1860  (J.  C.  Cole,  J.  M. 
MacFarland).  The  de^ee  of  M.B.  was  first 
conferred  in  1867  (W.  C.  Bees,  Patrick 
Moloney).  The  degree  of  LL.B.  was  first  con- 
ferred in  1865  (Robert  Craig,  John  Madden,  J. 
T.  Smith,  A.  Gilchrist).  The  desree  of  LL.D. 
was  first  conferred  1869  (John  Madden).  The 
degree  of  M.D.  was  first  conferred  in  1872  (W. 
C.  Bees).  The  selection  of  the  first  professors 
for  the  several  chairs  were  entrusted  to  a  com- 
mittee of  ^ntlemen  in  Enghmd,  and  the  pro- 
fessors arrived  in  the  colony  in  1854-5.] 

Mr.  (now  Sir)  Samuel  Wilson  presented 
£30,(X)0  for  the  building  of  the  Great  Hall,  Mel- 
bourne University,  December  5,  1874. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Elkington,  M.A.,  ap|>ointed  to  the 
Professorship  of  History  and  Poutical  Economy. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Melbourne  University, 
and  took  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1866. 
He  is  the  first  gentleman  appointed  to  a  professor- 
ship in  the  Melbourne  University  who  has  com- 
pleted his  education  and  taken  his  degree  at 
that  institution.    May,  1879. 


V. 


VACCINATION,  first  used  in  Sydney,  May 
10,  1804.    [See  Australia,  Discovert  of.] 

VENUS,  Transit  of.    [See  Transit  of  Venus.  ] 

"VERNON"  Training  Ship.  As  a  training 
school  and  reformatory  for  boys  under  a  certain 
affe,  brought  before  the  magistrates  on  various 
charges,  inaugurated  April  17,  1867,  proclaimed 
in  the  Oovemment  Gazette  May  6,  1867  ;  boys 
first  sent  on  board.  May  20,  1867.  Number  of 
boys  received  was  668,  of  whom  572  have  been 
apprenticed  or  have  left,  leaving  on  board  96,  of 
that  number  53  being  Protestants,  42  Catholics, 
and  1  Hebrew,  up  to  June  30,  1877.  [This  in- 
stitution has  been  of  great  benefit  to  many  who 
have  been  by  its  means  reclaimed  from  a  life  of 
vice  and  crime,  and  have  become  useful  members 
of  society.  Officers  of  (he**  Vernon :" — Superin- 
tendent, F.  W .  Neitenstein  ;  mate  and  clerk, 
W.  H.  Mason ;  visiting  surgeon.  Dr.  Evans ; 
schoolmaster,  Wm.  Plimmier.  J 

VICTOBIA. 

• 

First  Birth  in — The  first  child  of  European 
parents  was  bom  at  Port  Phillip,  November  5, 
1803.  [The  boy  received  the  name  of  Hobart. 
His  father  was  Sergeant  Thomas.] 

Estimated  number  of  bUtcks  about  the  locality 
of  Melbourne  and  Geelong,  7,000,  1835. 


The  first  arbitrator  in  Victoria  was  Mr.  James 
Simpson,  1836. 

The  first  judicial  decision  given  in  Victoria 
was  as  follows  : — "  We  awara  in  the  dispute 
between  Mr.  Henry  Batman  and  Mr.  John 
Pascoe  Fawkner— on  the  first  claim — ^thirty 
shillings ;  on  the  second  nothing,  although  a 
strong  presumption  is  on  our  minds  that  some 
hasty  expressions  of  Mr.  Batman  may  have  led 
Mr.  Buuett  to  destroy  the  rabbits ;  on  the  third 
claim,  damages,  five  shillings,  and  a  fine  of 
twenty  shiUmgs  in  consideration  of  its  being  an 
act  of  unauthorised  acgression  ;  and  in  the  fourth 
claim  nothinff,  as  it  does  not  appear  that  Mr. 
Batman  set  uie  dogs  on  the  calf.  We  cannot 
omit  renuurking  that  there  has  been  a  degree  of 
forbearance  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Fawkner  highly 
gratifying  to  us,  and  if  generally  practised,  very 
conducive  to  the  general  good.— Signed,  A. 
Thomson,  John  Aitken,  James  Simpson.  May 
2,  1836.  The  fines  to  be  appropriated  to  some 
general  pun)06e.** 

Police  Magistrate  and  Police  Establishment 
appointed  for  Geelong,  September  25,  1837. 

A  branch  of  the  Colonial  Treasury  of  New 
South  Wales  estabUshed  at  Melbourne,  July  1, 
1839. 

Foundation  stone  of  the  Wesleyan  Chapel, 
Melbourne,  laid.  May  11,  1840. 

Great  floods  in  Melbourne  and  suburbs;  all 
the  low  lands  were  inundated,  November  28, 
1849. 

**  An  Act  for  the  better  government  of  Her 
Majesty's  Australian  Colonies"  was  passed  in 
the  Imperial  Parliament ;  it  providea  for  the 
separation  of  Victoria  from  New  Soui^  W'ales. 
August  5,  1850. 

^e  boundaries  of  Victoria,  as  settled  by  the 
Imperial  Parliament  were  : — "  On  the  north  and 
north-east  by  a  straight  line  drawn  from  Cape 
Howe  to  the  nearest  source  of  the  Murray  Biver 
and  thence  by  the  course  of  that  river  to  the 
eastern  boundary  of  the  colony  of  South  Aus- 
tralia." 1850. 

Princes'  Bridge,  Melbourne,  opened,  Novem- 
ber 14,  1850. 

The  first  despatch  ever  written  to  a  Crovemor 
of  Victoria,  was  dated  January,  1851.  [It  was 
addressed  by  Earl  Grey  to  Lieutenant-Governor 
Latrobe.] 

The  first  despatch  by  a  Governor  of  Victoria, 
dated  July  22,  1851. 

Appointment  of  the  Chief  Officers  of  the  Go- 
vernment, subject  to  Her  Majesty's  iqpproval, 
appeared  in  the  Oovemment  Oazette,  July  15, 1851. 


colonial  Secretary . . 
Colonial  Treasurer . . 
Auditor  General 
Postmaater  General 
Attorney  General  .. 
Solicitor  General 
Maater-in-Equity    . . 
Surveyor  General  .. 
Sheriff 
Crown  Solicitor 


William  Lonsdale. 
Alastair  Mackenzie. 
Chaa  Hotaon  Ebden. 
Alex.  If 'Crae. 
Wm.  Foster  StaweE 
Redmond  Barry. 
R  WUliam  Pohlmaa. 
Robert  Hoddle. 
James  Simpson. 
Heniy  Field  Guraer. 


The  Treasury,  Melbourne,  burglariously  en- 
tered and  an  iron  safe  carried  away,  October  28, 
1851. 


VICTORIA. 


285 


The  following  return  of  the  writs  for  the 
election  of  the  representatire  members  of  the 
first  Legislatiye  Council  of  the  Colony  were 
published  in  the  Oovemment  Gazette  of  October 
29,  1851  :— 

NorthBourke     ..        . .  { SS;^?kSliJ"8Sf^ 

Gruit       John  Heaiy  Ueroer. 

^ fSiS^^:.^^*!^  *°^  l*^""-  Frederick  IWmer. 
VUliera  aiid  H^yiesbury    William  Ruiledge. 

Anglesey  ..  ) 

Oippe  Land 
The  Murray 
The  LfOddon 
Tlie  Winunera    .. 


Helboome 


Oeeloog 


Robert  Tombull. 
Francis  Murphy. 
. .    William  Oampbell. 
..    William  Fxunds  ^latt 

(  William  Westgarth. 
. .  <  John  O'Shanae^ . 
(  James  Stewart  Johnston. 
j  Robert  Robinson. 
* '  ( James  Ford  Strachan. 

Portland Thomas  Wilkinson. 

Belfast  and  Warmambool    Thomas  Hamilton  Osborne. 

'"Sr^Sj^'*'"'  "* }!".»«  8nodg««. 

Governor  La  Trobe  appointed,  subject  to  Her 

Majesty's  confirmation,  the  following  non-elec> 

tive  members  to  the  Legislatiye  Council,  being 

one-third  of  the  total  number,   November  3, 

1851. 

OrnciAL. 

William  Foster  Stawell    . .    Attorney  Qenenl. 

William  Lonsdale  ..        ..     ~  '~ 

Charles  Hotson  Ebden 

Redmond  Barry 

Robert  William  Fohbnaa... 


Colonial  Secretary. 
Auditor  General. 
Solicitor  OeneraL 
Master-in-Equity. 


South  ProTinoe 


NoM-OmciAL. 

Alexander  Cunningham  Wallace  Dunlop. 
Charles  James  Griffith. 
William  Clarke  Haines. 
James  Hunter  Ross. 
Andrew  Russell. 

The   first  Legislative  Council   (elective)   of 

Victoria : — 

(J(^n  Hodgson. 
John  Paacoe  Fawkner. 
Heniy  Miller. 
John  Hood. 
NehemJah  Guthrldgsi 
^'  >nald  Kennedy. 
Thomas  Herbert  Power. 
Wm.  John  Turner  Clarke. 
Thomas  M'Combie. 
.John  Barter  Bennett 
^James  Ford  Strachan. 
Robert  Cuthbertson  Hope. 
South-western  Province  ■(  James  Henty. 

William  RooJM. 
.James  Cowie. 
'Stephen  Geoige  Henty. 
Andrew  Rose  Cruiksfaank. 
Daniel  Joseph  Tiemey. 
James  Fredk.  Palmer. 
.Charles  Vaugban. 
^John  Allan. 
Dennis  Patrick  Keogb. 
Kortb-westem  Province  ■{  Geoige  Urquart 

John  Hunter  Patterson. 
.Wm.  Hy.  Fanooiirt  Mitchell, 
[atthew  Henrey. 
James  Stewart. 
. .  ■{  Robert  Thompson. 
William  K«ye. 
V^BenJamin  Williams. 


Western  Province 


Esstem  Province 


Melbourne... 


St  KUda 


Collingwood 
South  Melbourne 
Richmond . . 


Williamstown 
Brighton   . . 


Geelong 


Portland   . . 

Belfast 

Warmambool 

Colac 

Kilmore 

Kyneton  Boroughs 

Murray         do. 

Alberton   . . 


The  first  Legislative  Assembly  under  respon- 
sible Qovemment : — 

{Davki  Moore. 
Archibald  Michie. 
Wm.  Foster  StawelL 
John  Thomas  Smith. 
John  CShanassy. 

Frederick  James  Sm;ood. 

Thomas  Howard  Few»WB. 

George  Harker. 

Thomas  Embling. 

Andrew  Clarke. 
/  George  Samuel  Evans. 
\  Daniel  Stodhart  CampbelL 
j  John  Leslie  Vesey  Fita^nld 
(     Foster. 

Jonathan  B.  Wera 
/  Alexander  Fyffe. 
J  Charles  Sladen. 
j  Charles  Read. 
VJohnHy.  Brooke. 
j  Hugh  C.  Eardley  Childen. 
( Daniel  Abraham  Hughes. 

Francis  Edis  Beavor. 

Geo.  Satnuel  W^jjge  Home. 

Andrew  Rutheif ora. 

John  O'Shanasiy. 

Geo.  Walter  Johnson. 

Frands  Murphy. 

James  Davis. 
f  Alexander  Stenson  Palmer. 
( Vincent  Pyke. 

Jaa.  Macpherson  Grant 

John  Basson  Humffray. 

Peter  Lalor. 

Daniel  Cameron. 

John  Dunstan  Baiagwanath. 
f  John  Downes  Owens. 

Ebenezer  Syme. 

Butler  Cole  Aspinall. 
'  David  Blair. 
'  Robert  Bennett 
•  Augustus  Fred.  Adolphua 
(    Greeves. 
( Patrick  Phelan. 

<  Robert  M'DougaU. 
Charles  Paaley. 

'  Patrick  O'Brien. 
( Wm.  Clarke  Haines. 

<  Horatio  Spencer  Wills. 
(JohnMyles. 

( Wm.  Adand  Douglas  Ander- 
(     son. 

Peter  Snodgrsss. 

Charles  James  GrilBth. 

Edward  Henty. 
( Charles  Gavan  Dully. 
\  William  Rutledge. 

^Jeremiah  Geo.  Ware. 
jColinOampbelL 

/  John  Goodman. 
\  Travers  Adamson. 
Jobn  King. 


Castlemaine  Boroughs  . . 

Sandhurst         da 
North  Grant 
North  Grenville  . . 

Ovens       

Rodney     

Loddon     

Iklbot       

East  Bourke 

West  Bouike 
South  Bouike 

South  Grant 

Evelyn  and  Momington 

Anglesey 

Dundas  and  Follett 
Normanby 

yilliers  and  Heyteebuiy 

Polwarth,  Ripon,  Hamp< 
den,  and  BouUi  Gren- 
viUe       

The  Murray 

Gipps  Land 


Circuit  Courts  for  the  first  time  appointed  to 
be  holden  at  Qeelong  and  Portland,  March  18, 
1852. 

The  ''  Nelson  "  boarded  in  Hobson^s  Bay  and 
8,183  ozs.  of  gold  stolen,  April  2,  1852. 

The  local  Government  determined  to  have  a 
guard-ship  stationed  in  Hobson's  Bay,  April  9, 
1852. 

£160  per  ton  paid  for  cartage  of  stores  to  Ben- 
digo,  1(X>  miles  from  Melbourne,  June  16,  1852. 

The  "Chusan**  (first  steamship  from  England) 
arrived  in  Hobson*s  Bay,  July  28,  1852. 

Hugh  Cullinff  Eardley  Childers  nominated 
Auditor  General  of  Victoria  in  place  of  C.  H. 
Ebden,  resigned,  October  26,  1852. 


VINES— VITAL  OTATISnca 


CnstomB  in  Vicloria  in  pbos  of  Ifr.   CiSdU, 
resigned,  Decambar  14,  ISM. 

RegiBtratioo  of  Births,  Deaths,  and  MwiiagM 
Bill  pused,  Janomry  11.  1S63. 

The  Wertcni  Umrkst,  Melbonme,  destroyed 
by  fire,  Jumwy  S3,  1853. 

Nev  Registntiou  nstei 
tion  by  Mr.  Archer,  July  1,  1S53. 

The  private  eecort  between  UcIvdt  and 
Cartlamaine  attacked  and  the  gold  atolen,  July 
ao,  18fia  The  robben  of  the  Mclvor  ewort 
captured,  three  weeks  after  the  robbery,  Angait 
11,  1853.  Trial  aod  conviction  of  the  Mclvor 
eecort  robben,  Septembtr  18,  1853. 

The  40th  lament  (Colonel  VaUant)  ordered 
to  Bendigo  gold-deld,  September  2,  1S53. 

ThamarioM  from  H.M.8.  "  Electric  "  landed 
to  do  duty  at  the  gaol  and  GoTemment  offices, 
September  3,  1663. 

The  99th  Bcoiment  urived  at  Melboonw  tttmi 
Van  Diemen'i  Land,  September  IB,  1S63. 

First  bills  of  mortality  for  Helbonme  pob- 
Usbed  by  Hr.  Aif^ter,  acluig  SMaatm^imtni, 
October  24,  IBtiS. 

Great  fire  in  CoUioa-atreet,  Melboome,  Octo- 
ber 2S,  1863. 

ot  Victoria  i»  8  .  .  .      ,  . 

acres.     The  whole  continent  of  Australia  is  esti- 
mated to  contain  2,983,261  square  milea,  and 
therefore  Victoria  ooeames  about  a  thirty -fourth 
part  of  its  surface     1879. 
[See    CoKSTrrunOH,    Cotrai^,    MntBiULoaT, 

PAKUAMUTTJKr,  ftc.,  ftc] 

VINES. 

First  gnpe  vines  {Wanted  in  Anitralis,  at 
Farramatta,  November,  1791. 

The  first  vineyard  in  Australia  was  at  Camden 
Park,  belonging  to  Mr.  Macarthur,  the  first  im- 
porter of  sheep,   1S16. 

The  Agricultaral  Society  lent  ita  aid  to  en- 
courage the  growth  of  the  vine,  which  began  to 
draw  generBl  attention  in  1623. 

Mr.  Skene  Craig  introduced  the  grape  vine 
into  Victoria,  1836.  [His  vineyard  was  planted 
in  Collins-street  West,  Melbourne.] 

Sis  German  vine.dr«««et8  brought  to  N.3.W. 
by  Sir  Wm.  Macartbnr,  1839. 

[See  Wine.] 


Na*  South  WiUh.  . . .    StT,MB 

NswZhIhiiI ZXe.MO 

I^WfuUi^    U3,BgS 

Sonth  Auitnlla  ....    IIT.UB 

Iteninbi   ie,sn 

Waitam  Anrtmlli  ..      ie,IOS 

VMnh 4«J,7« 

Son— It  vtll  b«  BRi  b*  the  si 
'<oiaktsl>«wi 


NotnlwofDMthiparl 

000  dl  ICiu  FopnlsliDO. 

""■ 

CoDtiDOitolAiirtnHs. 

udNe-Z«l»d. 

18T4 
1878 

MIS 

ISTS 

leua 

11X0 
IS-M 
18« 

le-jT 

«« 

iru 

Hon.— Hh  dcatli  nts  in  tlw  Ualol  Kingdom  v 


Ehbb  of  Births  oiar  DuUu 

Colonj, 

^ 

». 

«. 

Meuof 

New  Sonth  WilM.... 

oiint. 

m 

SOB 

108 
M 

S3 

109 
UI 
BS 
H 
IS 

IB7 

^Al^t;^:::::: 

lis 

W«n«raAo«trtaa.... 

VOLUNTEERSL 


387 


Excasa  or  Bibth8  ovkr  Deaths  iv  Eubopxak 

Ck)iTirrRiES. 


Coimtiy. 

Yean  over  which  the 
aven^  extends. 

Mean 

Animal 

Excess  of 

MUBoer* 

rVWnKL 

Births  over 
Deaths. 

England  and  Wales 
flcoUand  

28 
22 
11 
26 
26 
2S 
2S 
28 
28 
10 
IS 

1858  to  1875 
1855  to  1876 
1866  to  1875 

1860  to  1875 
1850  to  1875 
1858  to  1875 
1868  to  1875 
1858  to  1875 
18i*3  to  1875 

1861  to  1870 
186S  to  1875 

percent 
57 
69 

Tr*i>^ni1 

67 

DcBunark    

Sweden  

Aoatria  

5T 
56 
28 

Prnmia 

iO 

Hie  Netberlanda . . 
Aunoe    

86 

g 

Spain 

25 

Italy    

28 

POFVIiAnON  OF  AUSTBAJLIA   AND  AUSTBAIdUBlA, 

1876. 


Popolation  Deoi 

Mber81» 

s 

1876. 

£ 

Males. 

• 

• 

Total. 

li 


Oh 

il 


^<? 


I 


Continent  oT 

Anstnlia.. 

1,051,589 

858,565  1.910,174 

81-65 

Ditto  wfth 

and  New 

Zealand.  .. 

1,882,802 

1,681,961 

2,414.788 

8118 

^6«0 


•775 


Bbitibh  DoHnnDirs— Abxa  and  Pofulatio  k. 


Cdaafyej  or  Colony. 


EBtimated 
Area  la 

Square 
MUes. 


Asoertahied 
orEstmated 
Population. 


England  and  Wales 

Scotland    

Ireland 

IVytsl  United  Kbog- 
dom    

Dominion  of  Canada 
Newfoundland 

Total  British  Nbrth 
America 


68,811 
30,468 
82,581 


121,805 


3.406,632 
40,200 


8,446,882 


isn 


1877 


1871 
1875 


24,547,809 
8,560,715 


421 
117 
164 


38,444.419     276 


8,686,596 
161,874 


1 
4 


8,8(7.971 


Obdeb  oy  Colonxb  in  beiebbnck  to  BQITALnr 

07  Sbxis. 


Sbnth  AustnlSa. 

Tasmania. 

Victoria. 

New  South  Walei. 


NewSSealand. 
Queensland, 
western  AusmJia. 


According  to  the  fnres  in  the  previous  table,  then  were 
on  the  Continent  of  Australia  at  the  end  of  1876  nearty  two 
raiUiouB  of  inhabitants,  and  in  Austnlasia,  indudiw  not 
only  the  continental  ootonies  but  also  "hsmsiaia  and  New 
ZeaJand,  there  wen  more  than  two  million  four  huntked 
thousand.  The  exact  numbera,  as  well  as  the  proportions 
of  the  sexes  and  of  penons  to  the  squan  mile,  wen  as 
f oUom : — 

PopoUtioa 

totht 
SqvsRiCila. 

New  South  WahB 2025 

New  Zealand  3-ao4 

Queensland -979 

South  Austialia •247 

Tasmania 4*084 

Victoria   ...., 9760 

-027 


DXATH 


RaTBIN  AXTSntALASIAN  COLOKIBBy  180 

TO  1876. 


Tear. 


Number  of  Deaths  per  1,000  of 
Population. 


•g 


^1 


1866 
1867 
1868 
1809 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 


Mean. 


17-47 
10-64 
15-88 
1405 
18-27 
12-54 
1411 
13-84 
1512 
18-09 
1811 


I 


15-64 


12-86 
12-78 
11-94 
11-78 
1113 
1018 
11-68 
12-67 
13-05 
15-92 
12-66 


12-41 


25-67 
17-80 
17-86 
16  20 
14-59 
14-83 
14-97 
1606 
17-08 
23-80 
18*82 


18-01 


17-20 
17-48 
14-41 
12  «7 
13-94 
12-87 
15-83 
13-48 
17-06 
19-45 
16-28 


15-44 


13  79 
14-48 
14-70 
13  20 
13-88 
13-38 
18-79 
14-58 
16-21 
2000 
16-54 


19-37 
18-06 
15-06 
15-25 
14-68 
18-48 
14-23 
1474 
15-30 
1876 
16-83 


14-95   15-92 


14-62 
16-2* 
1874 
17-88 
14-18 


16*81 


VOLUNTEER,  and  otheb  FORCES. 

The  first  Volimteers  in  Australia  were  the 
Sydney  and  Parramatta  Loyal  Associate  Corps; 
two  Volunteer  Corps  of  fifty  men  each,  formed 
in  conse^uenoe  of  rumoured  outbreak  amongst 
the  political  prisoners,  December,  1800. 

The  services  of  the  Loyal  AssociatioQ  at 
Sjrdney  and  PairaiBatta  were  partially  duKMnsed 
with.  Caotata  Thomas  Rowley,  late  of  New 
South  Wales  Corps,  had  charge  of  the  Sydney  ; 
Jaaes  Thomson  of  the  Parramatta ;  and  Wm. 
Balmain  was  commandant  d  bo^.  October 
22,  1802. 

Volunteer  movement  commenced  in  Qiieeiis- 
land,  Februaiy  15,  1860. 

Great  Volunteer  Review  at  Geelong,  Victoria, 
April,  1870. 

The  Higfalai^  Brigade  Rifle  Corps  fanned  at 
Wellington,  N.Z.,  April,  1871. 

Volunteer  encampment,  New  Somth  Wsles. 
April  10,  187a 

%:itercolonial  Rifle  Match  between  New  South 
Wales,  Victoria,  and  New  Zealand,  won  by 
New  South  Wales,  November  1^  1873. 

Svdney  Grammar  Sdieol  Cbdet  encamnMent 
at  Botany,  1874.  ««ip-«"i^ 


288 


VOLUNTEERS. 


[A  lad  named  Pazton,  son  of  Mr.  Joseph  Pax- 
ton,  was  accidentally  drowned  whilst  bathing, 
causing  great  regret  and  the  immediate  break  up 
of  the  Cadet  camp,  1874.] 

Volunteer  encampment  of  three  days,  Camp- 
bellfield,  New  South  Wales,  May  24,  1874. 

Sydney  Grammar  School  Cadet  encampment 
of  one  week  held  at  Parramatta,  N.S.W.,  1876. 

The  Volunteer  Force  of  South  Australia  or- 
ganised. May  4,  1877. 

Sydney  Grammar  School  Cadet  encampment 
of  one  week  held  at  Bowenf els,  near  Hartley, 
New  South  Wales,  October,  1877. 

The  Queensland  Volunteers  comprised  the 
following  : — ^A  Commandant,  PrinciplEd  Medical 
Officer,  Sergeant-Major,  two  Batteries  of  Artil- 
lery, one  Vompaay  of  Engineers,  twelve  Com- 
panies of  BAnes,  one  Cadet  Corps  and  Drill 
Instructors,  consisting  in  all  of  1,2&  officers  and 
men.     December  31,  1877. 

Sydney  Grammar  School  Cadet  encampment, 
of  one  week  at  Bathurst,  October,  1878. 

The  N.  S.  W.  estimates  make  provision  for  1,356 
officers  and  men  for  the  land  forces,  torpedo  ooips 
27,  a  naval  brigade  of  102,  in  all  1,38^    1878-9. 

Of  all  kinds,  including  cavalry,  artillery, 
engineer,  and  torpedo  corps,  and  rifles,  there  were 
in  Victoria  on  Dec.  31, 1877,  3,553,  men  officered 
by  167  commissioned  officers  and  209  sergeants, 
&c.  There  were  7  troops  of  cavalry,  9  corps  of 
artillery,  1  engineer  coips,  1  torpedo  and  sigiud 
corps,  and  12  corps  of  riflemen.  The  omcial 
return  of  the  Victorian  Naval  Forces  gives 
the  turret-ship  CerberuSf  with  officers  and  crew 
numbering  110,  and  the  NeUon^  with  a  comple- 
ment of  9  officers  and  a  number  of  seamen,  inde- 
pendent of  a  liurge  stafif  of  boys  in  traininff.  The 
s^o,\2l  reserve  numbered  2&.  The  Cerberus  is 
an  ironclad  of  2,107  tons,  engines  of  250  horse- 
power, carrying  in  each  of  her  turrets  a  ten-inch 
400-pounder  ffun.  The  NeUon  was  one  of  the 
old  wooden  iine-of-battle  ships  of  2,736  tons, 
mounting  48  guns  of  various  calibre,  the  largest 
being  2  seven-inch,  throwing  projectiles  of  116 
lbs.,  out  she  has  been  cut  down,  and  now  carries 
fewer  but  much  heavier  guns.  The  expendi- 
ture during  the  year  1877  was  £49,655  7s.  8d. 
for  the  land  Forces,  and  £19,423  17s.  lOd.  for 
the  naval  Forces,  a  total  of  £69,079  5s.  6d.  In 
coimection  with  the  visit  of  Sir  William  Jervois, 
steps  have  been  taken  to  fortify  Port  Phillip 
Heads,  and  to  place  the  sea  approaches  to  Mel- 
bourne in  a  state  of  defence. 

New  South  Walks. 

In  Auffust,  1864,  the  Goremment  broajrht  in  a  Bill  for 
theiormation  of  %  Volanteer  Force,  which  passed  Into 
law,  and  the  Governor  (Sir  Charles  FitaEroy),  nuule 
arrangrements  with  the  Major  of  Brigade,  Gaptafai 
Jenner,  for  the  immediate  enrolment  of  the  Force, 
and  having  ohtained  the  services  of  Seiveant-llalor 
Baynes,  <^1I.M.  12tti  Besiment,  succeeded  in  forming 
a  staff  of  instructors.  The  enrolment  of  members 
commenced  on  August  30th,  and  in  a  short  time  the 
ofllcen  were  gaxetted  for  the  followhig  branches  of  the 
service,  vis. : — 

Th$  Cavalry  under  the  command  of  Captain  J.  McLerie, 
Inspeetor-OenenJ  of  Police ;  CH>tahi  McDonald,  Ad- 
jutant; H.  Halloran,  lieatenant;  O.  Perriors,  Cor- 
net, and  44  troopers. 
Unuonn— Scarlet 


Thit  ArtaUry,  under  the  oonmwBd  of  G^ytato  G.  K. 

Mann,  Ueuteoant  Mdrefaead  as  Adjutant,  Uentenant 

Smith,  and  74  gunners. 

Uniform— Blue. 
Iv^anlry,  consisting  of  six  oompaaies  of  Rifles,  under 

the  command  of  Major  ^K^ngate,  with  Ihe  following 

officers:— 

Captain  Brown  as  Adjutant 

Cajptoinc ;  E.  Lockyer.  J.  McLsan,  F.  O.  Darvall.  W.  M. 

Brownrigg,  Moore  Dillon,  and  j.  Baymond. 
lAeutenatUM :  W.  C.  Still.  F.  M.  KeighUey,  T.  O'S. 

Green,  G.  Wilson,  and  —  Shnttleworth. 
JSnsignt:  W.  F.  McCarthy,  W.  Walker,  O.  Bich,  and 

R.P.  Raymond. 
Rank  and  file  S60  men. 

Uniform— Dark  Rifle  Green.  Each  member  found  his 
ownunifonn. 
A  select  committee  of  the  Legislative  Council  was  ap- 

E'  id  to  inquire  into  the  working  of  the  Volunteer 
Act  of  1864,  and  a  Progress  Kepoit  was  brought 
.  ,  the  chairman,  Mr.  (now  Sir  James)  Martin,  on 
December  19, 1865,  with  several  recommendations  for 
the  better  working  of  the  Force,  but  nothing  was  done, 
and  in  the  following  year  the  pay  of  the  staff  was 
struck  off  the  Estimates.  The  sevwal  ooras  still 
struggled  on  until  the  formation  of  the  Force  m  1800, 
when  the  old  and  new  Forces  amalgamated,  and  the 
new  members  took  the  oath  of  allmanoe,  June,  1866. 

A  Rifle  Corps  was  formed  at  Penrith  under  Captain  J. 
Riley,  Lieutenant  R.  J.  Jamieson,  and  Ensign  Brooks, 
July  10, 1860. 

The  first  battery  of  artillery  formed  under  Captain 
Michael  Fitipatrick  and  Lieutenant  Blackmore,  August 

29,i8eo:  ^ 

The  members  of  the  Sydney  Oorpe  sworn  in  August  31, 

1800. 
The  first  drill  under  the  new  organization  took  place 

September  S,  1800. 
The  Glebe  Rifle  Corps  formed  under  Captain  Goodlei 

and  Lieutenant  Lankesier,  September  14,  I860. 
The  Balmaln  Rifle  Corps  formed  under  Captain  T.  J. 

Jamies  and  Lieutenant  Alexander,  September  14, 1860. 
The  Newcastle  Rifle  Corps  formed  under  Captain  J.  T. 

Barker,  Lieutenant  G.  Bolto«,  Ensign  H.  J.  Brown. 

September  17, 1800. 
Parramatta  Rifle  Corps  formed  under  Captain  W.  Brown, 

Lieutenant  J.  T.  l^ylor,  Ensign  A.  L.  McDougall,  Sep- 
tember 20, 180a 
The  Paddington  and  Surry  HHIs  Rifle  Corps  formed 

under  Captain  &  Lyons,  Lieut  Meares,  and  Ensign 

PhilUps,  September  i2, 1800. 
St  Leonards  Corps  formed  under  Captain  H.  A.  Severn, 

Lieutenant  H.  B.  Garrett,  Ensign  L.  Solomon,  October 

Z,  1800. 
East  Maitland  Corps  formed  under  Onatain  Close  and 

Lieutenant  Cobcroft,  October  4, 1800. 
West  Maitland  Corns  formed  under  Cuotain  H.  Yindin, 

Lieutenant  J.  A.  Turner,  and  Ensign  WiUdnaon,  Octo- 
ber 4, 1800. 
Hawkesbury  Corps  formed  under  Captain  S.  E^perton 

and  Lieutenant  Scarvall,  October  6, 1800. 
No.  2  Battery  of  Artillory  formed  at  Sydney,  under  Cap- 
tion P.  L.  C.  Shepherd  and  lieutenant  W.  Dymock, 

October  18, 1800. 
South  Sydney  Corps  formed  under  Gbptain  J.  Dawson 

and  Lieutenant  T.  B.  Walker,  October  24, 1800. 
The  Sydney  Rifles  were  f  onned  into  six  oonmanies,  Octo- 
ber 22, 1800. 
Presentation  of  camp  colours  to  the  Newcastle  Ccyrps. 

October  19, 1800. 
The  Sydney  companies  were  formed  into  a  faattalioo, 

November  6, 1800,  vis.  :— 

No.  1  Company.  Captain  R  P.  Baymond,  Lieutenant 
Teale,  Ensign  J.  Wells. 

No.  2  Company,  Ctotain  W.  C.  Whtdeyer,  Lleatenant  C 
A.  Wilson. 

No.  3  Company,  Captain  J.  R.  Fairfax,  liettteoaDt  J. 
A.  Brown. 

No.  4  Company,  Ctotahi  W.  C.  StUL 

No.  6  Company,  Owtain  A.  G.  McLean,  lieutemuit 
Richards,  Ensign  E.  O.  Moriarty. 

No.  0  Company,  Captain  W.  Harfoottle,  UenteMnt  F. 
C.  Brewer,  Eatign  J.  G.  Davy. 
No.  8  Battery  of  Artillery  at  Newcastle,  formed  under 

Captain  McPherson,  loeatenant  B.  Hobb,  January  5, 

ISGL 


VOLUNTEEES. 


289 


Tint  inraection  of  Sydney  Voliinteert  by  Lieutonant- 
Oolooel  W.  Kmnpt,  latand  12th  Regiment,  January  5, 

isei. 

The  Sydney  Volunteers  inspected  by  Sir  William  Deni- 

son,  1,400  proeent,  January  19, 1861. 
Presentation    of  camp  colours  to  St  Leonards  Rifle 

Corps,  February  0, 1861. 
Presentation    of   camp    colours  to   Parramatta    Bifle 

Corps,  February  20, 1861. 
Presentation  of  camp  colours  to   the   Balmain  Rifle 

Corps,  March  16, 1861. 
The  Naval  Brigade  formed  in  Sydney,  under  conunand 

Captain  Hixson,  1861. 
[See  ToRPBDO  Corps.] 

(Ccrreeted  to  31/3/79.) 

STApr. 
Commandant 
Colonel  J.    S.  Richardson,  late  12  F.,    Aufi^ust  26, 
187& 

Commanding  ArHUery  Foreet. 
Colonel  C.  F.  Roberts,  late  RA.,  August  28, 1876. 

Maior  of  Brigade. 
JliOor  W.  B.  B.  Christie,  tots  80  F.,  December  15, 
1876. 

Pay  and  (Quarter  Matter, 
Uajor  Thomas  Baynes,  September  7,  1874. 

Instructor  o/  Musketry. 
Captain  J.  A.  Compton,  December  16, 1868. 

Suraeon. 


irpeon. 
W.  J.  O. 


Bedford,  December  11, 1875. 


Pkbmaxktt  Artilliry. 


Colonel.-^.  F.  Roberts,  late  R.A.,  August  28, 1876. 

Majors. 
W.  W.  Spaldinfr,  late  R.  Mar.,  August  28,  1876. 
Michael  Murphy,  late  58  F.,  September  19, 1878. 
a.  J.  Airey,  late  R.  Mar.,  September  20,  1878. 

Captains. 
P.  L.  Murray,  October  26,  1878. 
H.  D.  Mackenzie,  laU  R.M.,  October  28,  1878. 

Lieutenants. 

Henry  liC  Patourcl,  late  Ords.,  April  9, 1875. 

Arthur  liC  Patourel,  late  R  South  Uloucester  MIL, 

August  28, 1876. 
F.  T.  B.  Baynes,  August  28, 1876. 
R.  A.  Nathan,  July  61, 1877. 
H.  P.  Airey,  late  101  F.,  July  81,  1877. 
C.  W.  P.  Bouverle,  late  B.N.,  November  25, 187& 
A.  H.  P.  Savage,  November  25, 1878. 

TOLUXTBBRS  (NlW  OROAVIZATIOX.) 

N,  S.  W.  Regiment  Volunteer  Artillery. 

Lieutenant -Cnlofnel    Commanding  —  Watscm    Wilson, 
December  17, 1875. 

Jfajor— FVederick  Wells,  November  16, 1874. 

Captains. 
John  Macdonald,  October  26, 1870. 
WUliam  Oore  Beverley,  May  1, 1871. 
Francis  Fahey,  August  1, 1871. 
Barcroft  Capel  Boake,  April  26,  1872L 
Percy  Owen,  September  27,  1872. 

First  Lieutenants, 

Arthur  Bennett,  August  1, 1871. 

Edward  Kirchner.  October  2, 1872. 

James  Kirkaldy,  April  12,  1874. 

W.  O.  Robertson.  iUrch  4, 1875. 

John  Cochrane  Remington,  November  4, 1878. 

Henry  Chapman,  November  4, 1878. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
Ebenezer  Aggar,  April  18, 1874. 
Josiah  Henry  Walker,  January  21, 1876. 
James  Sven  Wigram,  Julv  21, 1876. 
Adam  Macklnlay,  November  4, 1878. 

Adjutant,  Permanent  Staf. 
J.  E.  D.  l^unton,  late  50  F.,Gapt, November  4,  1878. 

t 


EsoDimR. 
Caj^in. 

Thomas  Rows,  July  20,  1874. 

Lieutenants. 

Thomas  Samuel  Parrott,  June  9, 1876. 
Charles  Stuart  Cansdell,  May  28, 1877. 

ToRraoo  Axn  SieNALLCia  Oorpi. 
Major  Commanding. 
Edward  Charles  CraekoeU,  October  8, 1877. 

Captain. 
P.  B.  Walker,  February  6, 187& 

Isf  LieiUenante. 
O.  A.  Kopsch,  February  6, 1878. 
C.  Darley,  February  6,  1878. 

2imI  Lieutenants. 
W.  Wilson,  February  6. 1878. 
J.  V.  Dalgamo,  February  6,1878L 

Impaxtrt. 
1st  Regiment. 
Lieutenant'Colo}i^  CoMmandi$ig, 
Robert  Peel  Raymond,  December  16, 1875. 

Major. 
Thomas  Richards,  May  23, 1870. 

Captains. 

John  Wells,  (M),  September  S,  1868. 

William  Ghatfield,  late  H.M.I.MF.,  September  7, 1868. 

William  Thomas*  Farrell,  October  20, 1808. 
Charles  Abraham  Wilson,  July  7, 1S70. 

1st  Lieutenants. 

William  Wllkins,  May  14,  1S72,  redgned. 

John  Uumpbrey  Morris,  Au](ust  1,  1871. 

William  Johnston,  May  28, 1870. 
'    John McGar\ie  Smith,  May  18, 1874. 

2nd  LieutenaiUs. 

John  Warner  M'Cutcheon,  August  4, 1878. 
Francis  Augustus  Wright.  May  18, 1874. 
Walter  D'ArrietU,  March  22,  1875. 
James  Croiuia,  September  16, 1875. 

Supernumerary  Lieutenants, 

Charles  Edward  Finch,  March  6, 1876. 
Robert  George,  November  4, 1878. 
Ucnry  Waller,  November  4, 1878. 

Adjutant,  Permanent  Staf. 
James  HiU  (Lieut.),  October  28, 187& 

2nd  RMiimiT. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Cotnnumding, 
John  Hay  Qoodlet,  December  16, 1875. 

Major. 
Theodore  James  Jaques,  July  4, 1B68. 

Captains. 

Henry  Phillips  (M),  May  25, 1868. 
John  William  Guise.  February  14, 1871. 
Henry  John  Chisholm,  Mav  7, 1874. 
William  Frederick  Longfield,  August  17, 1876. 

1st  Lieutenants. 
George  Bond  Gough,  March  81, 18761 
William  Bamet,  June  9, 1878. 
Donald  Fraser,  May  4, 1874. 
Alexander  Fraser,  December  4, 1874. 

2iki  Lieutenants. 
Wesley  Powell  MulhoUand,  December  4, 1874. 
George  Bagot  Stack,  August  17, 187& 
Henry  Frederick  Chilcott,  August  17, 1876. 
John  Nobbs,  November  4,  1878. 

Supernumerary  Lieutenant. 

Alexander  Gilchrist,  Novonber  4, 1878. 
Adjutant,  Permanent  Staff . 

James  Wilson,  laU  81 F.  (Gapt),  April  7, 187S. 


VOLTTNTBEBS. 


'S^' 


Sbs  Khuor  fWnt*n.} 
n  UUIlar  3'o[boraw,  11^  U,  UIT4. 


HsniT  Bymai,  Fabninry  14,  IBTI, 
AUnd  PiMiI.  Uinb  3,  ISTS. 
miUuD  John  Jneph  Dlgnun.  July  SI,  18TL 
WUUuu  FVnwr  ihiley,  Juiu  3,  UTB. 
M  Ifieulnunte. 
Edwin  Caitit,  »Uy  SO,  JS73, 
Rtarr  KuHnhtv,  Saptembar  11,  IBTt. 
Chufa  Stptlmiu  Cuol,  Octobgi  80,  ISH. 

Junu  CiHidr,  Nonmber  1.  lgT& 
TbomH  Bunatt,  November  t,  ISTR 
Edwud  Olllnple,  Notuabgr  *,  OtK 
Adjutant  Permttnmt  SUiF. 
C.  a.  Horrid  lati  C^pt.  30  P.,  Ootobar  tS,  1BT3. 

HorOitm  Dlttritt 

Major  CDmmandHV, 
Cturlu  Bolton,  Jul;  t,  ISTD; 

Aleunder  WUkUuon,  X»  IT,  lasi. 
Hsrr  Jo«ph  Brown.  July  T,  ISTV. 


WUIImn  Amott.  Augut  19,  1871. 
tiut  lAtuitaantt. 
JMi»ThomiuT«R,  Mly  IT,  1880, 
CbulH FTcdBrteli^laliea,  Nonmber  4,  ISTS. 
WllUiun  John  Sloui  (Super.),  Horeraber  i,  ISTI 

iHMirtlT.  (Soul**™  DUCrieL) 
iff  U0ue#nane. 

Thomu  Henr;,  Deconber  10,  IS71. 
tnd  LUuttnant. 

Dlion  King,  Noronber  4,  ISTB. 


Ml)-.  is7b:5 


IT,  Juni  3, 18 
i1;  4,1888. 


r.  MuarthuT, 
Jowph  Boi^u,  AugiHt  £7,  IMS^ 


CqpUini 

WiUUn 
C.  A* 

ChM.  H(!I^k"t 

T.  B.  FUth.  Anput  1.  ISJl. 
W.  H,  SImpuu,  Juns  10, 1871. 

—   ■     -  0,  April  18,  isra. 


4!*  W.  BjAldlng,  BspMiibn  11,  Vm. 

InumT— in  Hisuiin.    (Btad  <iiuirt»rt.) 

/j^  Divey,  September  9,  isaa 
John  Cooper,  Much  8, 18T& 


G.  i.  FUetoa,  July  IT,  tSTS. 

Em  RHmnT.    (BtaJ  <iuarUn.} 

GeDiYe  HunlltoD,  DecamlW'  4,  1874. 
T.  Koore,  Fibnimrr  7,  ISn. 
Q.M.  H.  k  Ttdewiil,  (£tu.)  April  18,  1875. 
Surg.  C.  K.  MuAtOat,  NafSmliv  30,  1873. 


CruKofnj. 

J.  C.  H'Uchlu,  SrptBnbc 

O.  DavMnn,  July  A,  1874. 

J.  H.  Thomu,  OotolMr  t,  U 
LinlmimU. 

Junto  Dehon,  Beptembar  1 

w.  F.  woo^  J11&  81,  isr4 


ea  Smith,  Juiwiy  U;  ISSB. 
m.    (Wetlem.) 


Crwtnfn. 

O.T.Li 


.  Lodei,  Jul?  7,  laee. 

ZwuMnanf. 
H.  P.  BtkCf,  July  S,  1MB. 

A  J.  Oould,  Hh  g,  IB7S. 

Q.M.  E.  J.  W^,  (apl.,  DaconhvB,  1878. 

n^^     J  B  J  H.  Glennlo,  July  IS,  1880. 

nHBamnMin.    (SmUlitrn.) 
J^  Bluk,  Juuu;  n,  ISTl 

p!h.  Bhosffe,  Nniamber  19, 1889. 
D.  L.  Dymock,  January  30, 1874. 
lATuUnanU. 
WilliaiD  MiUud  Novambar  19. 18881 
Oeor^  Woodi,  January  b,  1877. 

Jaotea  Oorli,  February  S,  1871. 

n„       .    O    »,    „    ™. =__l._j_ig^ 

oltba  B 


Toluntaer  lllUtary  Forsea  ol  Uia  Odlcoy 

Branch  of  UuSerrk*. 

OOem. 

N.  C. 
OOon 

TWaL 

a«»ralSIall 

i 

8 

8U 
11 

188 

MO 

Stan  ..:::::: 

urtenBand.. 

IS 

ss 

iaodSlii^iii^ 

Total  

^  fESi^^^f..::::: 

1>« 

1196 

ISO) 

6 
SO 

10S8 

6 

1         '^^ 

4S 

1M3 

1188 

* 

1144 

n» 

VOLXTNTEERS. 


291 


NXW  ZSALANP. 

(CorreeUd  to  SUt  AvguH,  187a) 

HiLfTIA. 

CclonsU. 
T.  U.  Hmoltein,  late  Oapt  Umtt,  April  2. 1804 
W.  H.  Kenny,  late  Bt  U.  CoL  h.p.  73  R,  July  16, 1887 
O.  a  Whitmore,  C.M.O.f  late  Bt.  MaJ.  82  F.,  Ootober 

17,1888 

LietU.-ColonelM. 
H.  M.  N&Uon,  laCtf  Ll  Ool.  H.E.LC.8.,  July  22, 1868 
Wm.  C.  Lyon,  late  OapL  98  F.,  October  16, 1883 
PMil  F.  De  Quinc^y,  laU  Capt.  70  F.,  April  80, 1864 
Edward  Gorton,  late  Oapt.  67  F.,  July  19, 1886 
Thomas  McDonnell,  April  26, 1867 
Henry  E.  Reader,  late  Q^>t  12  Lane.,  Jane  8, 1867 
Geo.  Packe.  Jole  Lt.  28  F.,  Januaiy  12, 1868 
Gbarlee  Lambert,  UUe  Ckpt.  62  F..  December  19, 1868 
Jasper  L.  Hexri(^,  laie  Lt  67  F.,  Hay  21, 1869 

Mown. 
nandB  E.  Ounpbell,  (ate  Gapt.  23  F.,  June  28, 1868 
James  T.  Edwards,  late  Lt.  14  F.,  July  80, 1868 
John  W.  Marshall,  UUe  Paym.  h.p.  66  F.,  Auff.  21,1868 
Tbos.  Wilson,  UUe  Lt.  40  F.,  January  11, 1864 
Fied.  C.  H.  S.  Baddely,  late  Oapt  40  F.,  Ftobrauy  19, 

1864 
Hany  Albert  Atkinson,  February  80, 1884 
Geo.  W.  D.  Hay,  tote  Lt  Roy.  Art,  March  18, 1864 
Williain  Jackson,  April  8, 1864 
James  Walmsley,  UUe  Oapt.  16  F.,  June  2, 1864 
John  OargUl,  August  16, 1864 
John  N'ixon,  March  9, 1866 
Robert  Psrris,  May  6,  1866 
Nathaniel  Geo.  Morse,  March  1, 1866 
John  Valentine  Smith,  Norember  28, 1886 
Wm.  Oordon,  late  Oapt  78  F.,  December  19, 1886 
William  GUbert  Mair,  April  25, 1867 
Edward  Lister  Green,  late  Bt.  MaJ.  86  F.,  Oet.  1,  1868 
Henry  Bunny,  November  6, 1868 
Maillani  Noake,  <ate  R.  M.  15  Huss.,  Nor.  24, 1868 
Charles  Westrup,  November  27, 1868 
Te  Kepa  Rangihiwliinui,  November  27, 1868 
Isaac  Rhodes  Cooper,  late  Oapt.  68  F.,  Nov.  28, 1868 
Rapatsi  Wahawaha,  Februanr  18, 1868 
Daniel  Henderson  Lusk,  February  18, 1869 
Williain  Clare,  May  4, 1869 
Pokiha  Tnnnui,  vUy  15, 1869 
Kepa  Te  Rangipuawhe,  May  18. 1869 
Edward  Withers,  tote  Q.  M.  65  F.,  May  21, 1869 
Wm.  Janris  Willis,  tote  Lt  14  F.,  Ftobruary  6, 1870 
Topia  Turoa,  June  11, 1870 
Wm.  Henry  Hainreaves,  September  6, 1870 
Henry  F.  Turner,  tote  MaJ.  tLp.,  66  F.,  Oct.  14, 1870 
Henry  Taylor,  February  2, 1872 
John  W.  Lockett,  tote  H.EI.C.S.,  October  28, 1872 
John  WUson.  March  8, 1873 
Wiremu  Te  Wheoro,  August  21, 1878 
WiUiaih  D.  H.  Baillie,  tote  Oapt.  h.p.  82  F.,  Mar.  5, 1877 
Edward  Pearoe,  March  6, 1877 
WiUiam  G.  Stack,  January  1, 1878 

Captaine. 
Chas.  Stapp,  tote  Lt.  68  F.,  m.,  April  8, 1860 
WUliam  T.  L  Travers,  March  81, 1860 
James  Mackay,  April  3, 1860 
John  Bamicoat,  April  5, 1860 
Samuel  Kingdon,  April  6, 1860 
Hugh  Martin,  April  7, 1860 
John  H.  R.  Harrison,  tote  Lt  68  F.,  April  27, 1860 
George  Hunter,  July  21,1860 
John  Jordan,  tote  Lt  77  F.,  November  20, 1861 
David  Porter,  June  2,  1862 
John  Hen.  Armstrong,  December  6, 1862 
John  Hugh  Bethune,  June  6, 1863 
William  Beetham,  June  10, 1863 
James  Cruickshank,  June  11, 1868 
Tliomas  Good,  June  11, 1863 
Wellington  Carrington,  June  11, 1863 
John  Grace,  June  12, 1868 
George  Kells.  June  80, 1868 
Frands  Charles  Lewis,  June  23, 1868 
John  MitcheU,  June  25, 1863 
John  Charles  Irvine,  June  80, 1868 
Joseph  Rhodes,  July  6, 1868 
Alexander  Kennedy,  July  7, 1868 
John  Kerr,  July  22, 1868 


Charlek  Chambcriin,  July  88, 1868 

Thomas  Macfarlaae,  July  28, 1868 

George  Patrick  Pierce,  July  23, 1868 

Michael  Dinnhi,  July26, 1868 

Wm.  Basfans  Messenger,  July  27, 1868 

Henry  Gold  Smith,  August  11, 1868 

James  Skeene,  August  12, 1868 

Samuel  Deigfaton,  September  1, 1868 

James  Sontt  M*KeUar,  September  1, 1868 

Charles  J.  Anderson,  September  2, 1868 

Francis  Joseph  Mace,  September  2, 1888 

Tlionus  Broun,  September  19,  1868 

Axin  Salvator  Birch,  tote  Lt  44  F.,  October  16. 1863 

Martin  Krippner,  October  17, 1868 

James  Holt  October  20, 1863 

Frederick  Nelson  George,  m.,  October  27, 1868 

Wm.  A.  T.  Kenny,  tote  Capt  88  F.,  October  80,  U6S 

Alfred  Ross,  November  2flL  1863 

Gerald  Butter  Beere,  tote  Lt  16  F.,  February  1,  U64 

Leonard  Simpson,  February  24, 1864 

Thomas  Hempton,  March  1, 1864 

Frederick  W.  Rock,  Mansh  7, 1864 

William  Perdval,  March  12, 1864 

WiUiam  Steel,  March  29, 1864 

Henrv  Shafto  Harrison,  May  25, 1864 

Maurice  Norman  Bower,  June  6, 1864 

Matthew  Jonas,  /une  8, 1864 

Alfred  Hickson,  June  24, 1864 

Robert  Hunter,  June  26, 1864 

John  TuUy,  June  27, 1864 

Walter  Johnston,  June  28, 1864 

James  M*Pherson,  tote  Lt.  70  F.,  July  9, 1864 

George  Maurice  O'Rorke,  September  11, 1864 

Richard  Hobbs,  September  16, 1864 

John  Peter  Du  Moulin,  Novembo*  8, 1864 

Henry  Lacey  Peake,  February  1, 1866 

Wilmot  Powell,  February  2, 1866 

Henry  Irasoo  Jones,  February  8, 1866 

Arthur  Standish.  Mandi  3, 1866 

William  Henry  Hunter,  April  10, 1816 

George  P.  Walker,  May  4, 1866. 

Alexander  C.  H.  1\>vey,  tote  Oapt  70  F.,  May  16^  1866 

John  Alex.  Wilson,  June  20, 1866 

Charles  James  Wilson,  August  21, 1866 

Charles  Redwood,  October  2, 1865 

Robert  Hattaway,  November  18, 1866 

Frederick  Howard,  November  20, 1866 

Richard  Septimus  Ledger,  December  16, 1866 

Edward  Woolfleld,  February  13, 1866 

William  M'Donnell,  February  17, 1866 

Benjamin  Tonks,  July  16, 1866 

Robert  Johnstone,  October  1, 1866 

William  Thomas  Owen,  June  1, 1867 

Henry  Linich.  June  6, 1867 

Hugh  A.  G.  Ross,  July  16, 1867 

Edmund  Tuke,  October  4, 1867 

George  Stuart  CHalloran,  March  17, 1868 

Walter  Edward  Gudgeon,  September  16, 1868 

John  Kelly,  October  8, 1868 

William  Beetham,  jun.,  October  10, 1868 

William  RusBcU,  October  80, 1868 

Henare  Potae,  November  7, 1868 

Burton  Boys,  November  14, 1868 

Patridt  Alphonsus  Buckley,  November  19, 1868 

Charles  Hennan  Weber,  November  20, 1868 

James  Ttylor,  November  20, 1868 

Thomas  Mills,  November  21, 1868 

Kenrick  J.  Hill,  tote  Lt.  14  F.,  November  86, 1868 

Houston  Francis  Logan,  Deomber  1, 1868 

Robert  Pharazyn,  December  2, 1868 

Joe  Dransfleld,  December  8, 1868 

Edward  William  Mills,  December  4, 1868 

Arthur  Braithwaite,  December  12, 1868 

John  Peake,  December  16, 1868 

Edward  Broiughton,  December  17, 1868 

John  Kebbell,  Jun.,  December  17, 1868 

Gustav  Hensen,  December  17, 1868 

Henry  Jackson,  December  18, 1868 

William  S.  Milne,  December  80, 1868 

Nathaniel  Grsce,  December  31, 1868 

Robert  Wilson,  January  25, 1860 

Arapata  Hoenga,  February  13, 1860 

Hotene  Porourangi,  February  13, 1869 

Wiremu  Kingi,  February  16, 1860 

Daniel  Bockett.  March  16, 18601 

John  Nathanid  Wilson,  AprU  1, 1860 


292 


VOLUNTEEBS, 


William  A.  Fltzherbert,  Hay  10, 1880 

James  Bind  Hay,  July  10, 1860 

William  Henry  Tucker,  August  16, 1860 

Wirihana  Puna,  September  20, 1860 

Aperaniko  Toiawfaio,  September  21, 1860 

Henare  Tomoana,  Septmnber  22, 1860 

Hatilwiri  Houkamau,  October  1, 1800 

Edward  Henry  Power,  January- 17, 1870 

William  Robert  Robinson,  January  10, 1870 

GUbert  Hair,  February  7, 1870 

Geoive  Preece,  February  0. 1870 

Mailu  Te  Ran^kabeke,  Feoruary  26, 1870 

Henare  Pukeatua,  Februaiy  27, 1870 

Charles  Plummer  Powles,  March  8, 1870 

Thomas  Jackson,  March  10, 1870 

George  Randall  Johnson,  June  7, 1870 

Thomas  William  Porter,  June  7, 1870 

Richard  Barton,  July  2, 1870 

James  M^Oosh  Clarke,  July  11, 1870 

Charles  Christie  Oiuham,  August  5, 1870 

Henry  Lulkin  Skeet,  October  13, 1870 

Geoige  E  G.  Richardson,  November  8, 1870 

Thomas  Kells,  January  31. 1871 

Hugh  Horsley  Beetham,  February  11, 1871 

John  Frederick  Maunsell,  February  25, 1871 

Alexander  Winks.  Hay  14, 1871 

William  F.  Russell,  June  28, 1871 

John  Ralph  Roes,  August  1, 1871 

Petruocio  Greive  Wilson,  October  26, 1871 

Stephen  Smith,  November  4, 1871 

Henry  Brown,  December  0, 1871 

Mathew  Jenkin  Jones,  December  0, 1871 

Joseph  Beswick,  March  30, 1872 

James  Woodbine  Johnson,  March  81, 1872 

John  Taylor  Marshall,  late  Cor.  2  Dr.  Gds.  January  6, 

1873 
Harry  Alfred  Lomax,  March  26, 1873 
Harry  Travers  Owen,  May  30, 1873 
Frederick  Lewis  Webster,  September  1, 1873 
Henry  Thornton  Rowe,  December  26, 1873 
Sivmuel  Charles  Schofiold,  January  6, 1874 
Thomas  Wilson,  Harch  20, 1874 
William  Edward  Heywood,  September  4, 1874 
John  Richard  Rushton,  October  12, 1H76 

Lieutenants. 
Frederick  Huddlestone,  April  2, 1860 
Herbert  Evelyn  Curtis,  April  3. 1860. 
Andrew  Jamei  Richmond,  April  4, 1800 
William  Wt- lis,  April  5, 1800 
John  Fedor  A.  Kelling,  April  6, 1800 
John  Sharp,  April  7,  1800 
Joseph  Brennan,  Hay  5, 1860 
George  Taylor,  March  8, 1862 
William  Donald,  March  25. 1862 
Whiston  W.  Powell,  June  25. 1863 
William  Aitken,  July  23, 1863 
James  Heron,  July  24, 1868 
Arthur  Wickstead,  July  30, 1863 
Paul  Kingdon,  August  3,  1863 
James  Russell,  October  15, 1863 
WUliam  BUxk,  October  21, 1863 
David  Hulchison,  October  26, 1863 
James  H.  M.  Carpenter,  October  27, 1863 
John  Walker,  January  25, 1864 
Frederick  Duke  Yonge,  February  15, 1804 
William  Johnstone.  March  20, 1804 
James  Nelson  Williams,  Mav  10, 1864 
Herbert  FlUWilliam  Way,  Juno  6, 1864 
WUliam  Free,  June  8, 1864 
Frederick  Hickson,  June  27, 1864 
John  Lindsay  Mofilt,  September  0, 1864 
Robert  Honie,  September  IS,  1864 
Frederick  Ring,  September  16, 1864 
Thomas  Wayth  Gudgeon,  February  1, 1865 
Courtenay  M.  Kingdon,  Harch  1, 1866 
John  Nairn,  April  10, 1865 
Cartwright  Brown.  April  10, 1866 
Francis  J.  Hallowes,  Hay  6, 1866 
WUliam  Tatton,  Hay  17. 1865 
Decimus  Atkinson,  June  1, 1865 
Geoige  H'Vay.  June  2, 1866 
Alexander  Pilmer,  October  23, 1865 
Joseph  Edward  Hickson,  November  17, 1866 
John  F.  B.  Peacocke,  November  18, 1865 
James  Carter,  February  13, 1866 
Josiah  Pratt  Hamlin,  AprU  10, 1866 


Andrew  Bums,  June  7, 1866 

Viggo  Honrad,  June  18, 1866 

CtukTles  James  Hessenger,  June  20, 1806 

Charles  Smith,  June  1, 1867 

Richard  Thomas  Shields,  June  8, 186? 

Geoige  WiUiam  Nicholls,  September  28, 1887 

Samuel  Walker,  August  24, 1868 

Frank  Pringle,  September  16, 1808 

Charles  Hirtsell,  September  16. 1868 

Frands  Horris  Dei^ton.  October  6, 1863 

Frederick  Nelson,  October  0, 1868 

Arthur  Bunny,  October  18, 1868 

Arthur  Harley,  October  10, 1868 

Reghiald  Bayfey,  October  10, 1868 

WUUam  Henry  Simcox,  October  20, 1868 

Geoige  Henry  Luxford,  November  10, 1803 

John  Davis  Canning,  November  26, 1868 

Joseph  WUliam  Jordan,  November  30, 1868 

Duncan  Cameron,  December  1, 1868 

Robert  Homer,  December  2, 1868 

Thomas  Buchanan,  December  3, 1868 

Henry  Edward  Tuckev,  December  4, 1868 

John  Taylor  Dalrymple,  December  17, 1868 

Henry  WilUam  Hitchell,  December  18, 18GS 

John  Patten  Watt,  December  10, 1868 

Thomas  Grace,  December  80, 1868 

Nathaniel  Valentine,  December  31, 1868 

Geoige  Aicken,  Januaiy  2, 1860 

Henry  Freer  Rawdon,  January  4, 1860 

Alfred  G.  B.  Willoughbv.  January  5, 1800 

Alexander  St.  Clair  Inglis,  January  6, 1800 

Charles  Cotton  Lambert,  Januaiy  7,  18G9 

Samuel  Vennell,  January  26, 1860 

Sydney  Johnston,  February  8, 1860 

William  Routlodge,  February  0. 1869 

Peneamene  Tulis^,  February  IS,  1839 

Charles  W.  Hursthouse,  February  23, 1860 

James  Cunningham,  Harch  15, 1860 

Robert  Smelt  Bush,  July  10, 18C0 

WUUam  Hort  Levin.  Julv  10, 1860 

Charles  John  Johnston,  July  10, 1809 

John  Douglas  HiU.  July  24. 1860 

Wi  Pahura,  October  1, 1860 

James  Hume,  October  19, 1800 

Alexander  Stephen  Sherrot,  October  20, 1800 

Thomas  Kelly,  November  16,  1860 

Andrew  Hiddlemas,  March  20, 1870 

Roger  HUl,  June  3, 1870 

James  WUUam  Witty,  June  7, 1870 

James  Daniel  Baird,  July  2,  1870 

WUliam  Johnson,  July  18, 1870 

Edward  Svt'artz  MaunseU,  August  24,  1870 

Edmund  Sutton,  November  8, 1870 

Henry  Stokes  Tiffen,  November  8. 1S70 

Thomas  Kennedy  Newton,  November  8, 1870 

Sydney  Griffiths  Brandon,  November  8, 1870 

Edward  M.  Edgecunibe,  November  IG,  1870 

Jamei  Hottishead  CoUius,  November  18,  ].870 

George  John  Winter,  Januar}'  2, 1871 

Frederick  Alexander  Whitaker,  Februarj'  8, 1871 

WUUam  Dorset,  February  11, 1871 

Charlra  Edward  Beetham,  Febraary  11, 1S71 

Jacob  Monteith,  April  5, 1871 

Henry  Robert  Bunnv,  August  18, 1871 

Henry  Humfrey  Jadcson,  September  6, 1871 

Thomas  H'Guinness,  October  16, 1871 

Matthew  Oarrick,  December  0, 1871 

John  Richard  Lawson,  December  0. 1871 

James  Benjainin  Poynter,  March  81, 1872 

Frederick  wiUiam  Helyar,  March  31, 1872 

Samuel  Tomlin  Horsfall,  April  15, 1872 

Thomas  Humphries,  June  3, 1873 

Dudley  Robert  Ejtc.  Jaimary  1, 1874 

Richard  Frederick  le  Patourel,  late  East  Kent  MIL, 

April  4, 1874 
Henry  Peter  Bluett,  September  1, 1874 
Lord  Hervey  Lepel  Phipps,  December  S,  1874 

JSntigne. 
Anhur  ColUns,  April  8, 1860 
Henry  Freeman  Andrews,  July  14, 1803 
John  Stables,  July  23, 1863 
Henry  Walter  Vercoe,  July  25, 1863 
Charles  Durie,  July  30, 1863 
Cranley  Lancelot  Perry,  October  6, 18C3 
George  Henderson,  October  13, 1863 
WUUam  Hobeon  Goates,  October  20, 18G3 


VOLTJNTEERa 


293 


Fraderick  Gaaooigne,  October  27, 186S 
Ctooi^B  Bell,  October  28, 1808 
Sagene  Henry  MuUer,  October  20, 1868 
Rande  Joseph  Wardcll,  November  3, 1868 
John  Rybum  Buckley,  November  17, 188S 
Williun  George  Jackson,  December  SO,  1868 
James  Hopcraft,  JMiaaiy  11, 1864 
William  Sylvester  Styak,  February  26, 1864 
John  Crawford.  March  20, 1864 
John  TVlson  Wicksteed,  June  2, 1864 
Bobert  Toler  Curtis,  June  11, 1864 
William  Coombe,  November  18, 1864 
Nicholas  Price  Oirver,  January  27, 1866 
John  Shaw,  March  4, 1866 
Joeeph  C.  Boddington,  March  8, 1866 
Gonlon  Charles  V.  Tisdall,  April  1, 1866 
Thomas  Allan  Pearce,  April  22, 1865 
Louis  Arthur  Nathan,  Migr  10, 1866 
Thomas  Wills,  June  1, 1865 
George  Henry  Cheeseman,  June  2, 1865 
William  C.  Kensington,  June  8, 1865 
Edward  Ogilvie  Ross,  June  25, 1866 
Edward  BumeU  Robinson,  July  17, 1866 
Frederick  J.  W.  Qascoigne,  July  20, 1865 
John  Norman,  August  17, 1866 
James  Crawford,  September  23, 1866 
Edward  Godfrey  Christie,  October  16,  1866 
Benjamin  John  M'Lean,  October  28, 1865 
Firancis  Simpson,  November  7, 1866 
John  Pkxton  Hall,  December  8, 1865 
Henry  Charles  Morrison,  January  10, 1866 
John  Grigg  O'Neill,  February  28, 1866 
Walter  Edward  RusseU,  April  28. 1866 
Johannes  H.  Monrad,  June  18, 1886 
Samuel  Browning,  Jun.,  June  26, 1866 
FranxScherff,  June  26, 1866 
Christopher  M'Lean,  August  9, 1866 
Charles  Kingsford  Jeffs,  August  31,  1866 
George  Wheeler,  July  16, 1867 
Herbert  Molyneux  Brewer,  July  28, 1863 
Edward  M'Donnell,  August  1, 1868 
Robert  William  Anderson,  September  7, 1868 
WlUiam  Bell  Davis,  September  «0, 1868 
George  Newsham  Curtis,  October  5, 1868 
John  W.  Marshall,  Octobinr  6, 1868 
Hugh  M'Mssters,  October  12, 1868 
Francis  Sidey,  November  20, 1868 
Georse  Beethom,  November  21, 1868 
Chartes  Holmes  Borlase,  November  21, 1868 
John  Parsons,  Novembcnr  24, 1868 
Henry  M.  Hamlin,  November  25, 1868 
Hector  Duff,  November  25, 1868 
George  Peacock,  November  26, 1868 
George  Douglas  Hamilton,  November  27, 1868 
Bobert  Cashmere,  November  30, 1668 
William  Speedy,  December  2, 1868 
William  Widdup,  December  3, 1868 
Arthur  Baker,  December  4, 1868 
William  Arthur  Grace,  December  12, 1878 
WiUliam  Howard  Hohnes,  December  14, 1868 

George  Beaven,  December  17, 1878 
William  Henry  Quick,  December  18, 1868 
Joseph  Wilcox,  December  19, 1868 
Freonan  Jackson,  December  21, 1868 
John  Morgan,  December  22, 18(^ 
Thomas  James  Lodd,  January  7, 1809 
Frederick  J.  Carrington,  January'  26, 1869 
Edward  Thomas  Oillon,  February  18, 1860 
Duncan  M 'Masters,  March  19, 1869 
Mathew  Alfred  Shepherd,  May  20, 1869 
Frank  Yates  Lethbridge,  June  14, 1869 
Henry  Hamilton  Bridge,  June  24, 1869 
Thomas  Douglas,  July  12, 1809 
Mathew  Jamison  Logan,  July  24. 1869 
William  Shanoghan,  August  24. 1869 
James  Arthur  Woolly,  November  12, 1860 
Charles  Barton,  November  12,  lb69 
George  Sewell  Heard,  November  30, 1869 
Charles  D.  Whitcombe,  February  7, 1870 
Henry  Edwin  Webb,  February  16, 1870 
John  Rutherford,  March  9, 1870 
Joeeph  Payton,  April  16, 1870 
Ernest  Stephen  Thynne,  May  14, 1870 
John  Partridge,  August  15, 1870 
Charies  James  Gully,  November  8, 1870 
George  Thomas  Fannin,  November  8, 1870 


James  Morris  Wood,  November  8, 1870 

Henry  Galsford,  November  8, 1870 

Henry  Edward  Pulfocd,  November  8, 1870 

George  Moore,  March  16, 1871 

Isaac  Bavley,  March  29, 1871 

F^vderick  Augustus  Cooper,  June  28, 1871 

Frank  Stephenson  Smith,  October  26, 1871 
Sub'Lieutenantt. 

John  Luge,  March  22. 1872 

George  Scott,  April  15, 1872 

William  Smith,  April  15, 1872 

John  Henry  Stubbs,  April  15, 1872 

William  James  Parris,  June  28, 1872 

Gervalse  Disney  Hammerton,  February  18, 1873 

James  Hanna  Smyth,  Februarj'  27, 1878 

John  Geoive  Ginger,  May  IS,  1873 

George  Wallier,  May  22, 1873 

George  Bee.  May  22, 1873 

Felix  M'Guire,  August  1, 1873 
QfMSffer  Mtuttrt, 

Thomas  Tunks,  laU  h.  p.  68  F.,  July  4, 1863 

Thomas  William  Doonin,  July  27, 1863 
SuraeoM. 

Thomas  Rawson,  Jf.D.,  August  29, 1850 

Thomas  M.  Philson,  M.D.,  April  26, 1860 

C.  F.  Goldsboro',  Jf.Z).,  April  23. 1861 

Hemy  Thomas  Sprat,  December  3, 1863 

John  Oarnr,  AprUj5. 1864 

Clarence  Hooper,  Jr.  D.,  tfovomber  15, 1864 

Edw.  Waddington.  if.D.,  November  16, 1864 

Morgan  S.  Grace,  M.D.,  laU  Staff  Asaist.  Surg.,  Fbb» 
ruary  18, 1866 

Courtenay  NedwUl,  M.D.,  August  20, 1866 

Frederick  F.  Omiond,  October  13, 1866 

John  George  F.  Wilford,  November  27, 1868 

James  Freeman  Fletcher,  November  28, 1868 

Charles  H.  J.  Hovell,  M.D.,  September  9, 1869 

Seth  Sam,  M.D.,  late  60  F.,  March  1, 1870 

W.  I.  Spencer,  late  Assist.  Surg.,  18  Foot,  November 
8,1870 

Alexander  Todd,  M.D.,  December  9, 1870 

L.  Boor,  Jf.D.,  December  20, 1870 

G.  I.  Russell,  March  23, 1871 

P.  J.  Carroll,  May  4, 1871 

R.  C.  Earle,  June  28, 1871 

ilfsistant  Suroecna. 
Bernard  Chift-Ies  Beale,  April  5, 1864 
Joseph  Henry,  September  7, 1864 
Julius  D.  Tripe,  M.D.,  October  2, 1865 
Lewis  Keeno  Home,  October  3, 1865 
John  Murray  Gibbes,  October  26, 1868 
F.  W.  Armitage,  March  11, 1869 
Joeeph  Elnudey,  M.D.,  September  10, 1868 
Charies  George  Hewson,  October  28, 1870 
William  H.  P.  Daken,  March  12, 1873 

Niw  Zbalakd  Voluntibr  Forcx. 

Lieu  Unant'CoUmel. 
William  Stavely,  November  21,  1877 

Majors. 
Alex.  Lean,  May  16,  1873 
Albert  Pittl  November  1, 1877 
James  E.  Hannah,  December  1, 1877 
Donald  M.  Mackav,  December  1, 1877 
James  Derrom,  May  15, 1878 
Thomas  L.  Murray,  July  15,  1878 
William  Routledce.  July  25,  1873 
Benjamin  Harris,  August  24, 1878 
Arthur  Mortar,  August  26, 1878 

Lioirr  Horse  VoLnrrBSRs. 

Order  o/  Precedence  of  Light  Horte  Volunteers. 

Canterbury  Yeomanry  Cavalry. 
Captain, 
Frederick  Strouts,  July  31, 1871 

Lieuterumt. 
Henry  Slater,  March  31, 1874 

SuihLiev  tenant. 

fVank  Henry  Brittan,  January  23, 1875 
Hon.  Acting  Surgeon. 

T.  H.  Chapman,  March  31, 1877 
Veterinary  Surgeon. 

Thonoas  Hill,  September  14,  1866 


294 


VOLUNTEEES. 


Nixon  light  Hone. 
Captain. 
Alfrod  BdwBid  Isaacs,  July  28, 1878 

Honorary  Acting  Surgeon. 
Frederick  Will&m  Wris^ht,  July  1, 1809 

Honorary  Veterinary  Stitgeon. 
Edwaid  Rinlocb,  July  7, 1866 

Waiuku  Troop  Royal  Cavalry. 
Captain. 
Ebenezer  Hamlin,  August  15, 1871 

Lieutenant 
John  Thomas  Uellsop,  July  18, 1866 

Comet. 
Samuel  Barrlball,  August  16, 1871 

Bey  of  Flenty  Oavalxy. 
Captain. 
Angus  Smith,  N.Z.  Cross,  September  6>  1860 

JAeuterumt. 
John  Forsyth  Connelly,  June  80, 1877 

SuthLieutenarU.    * 
Arthur  Parkinson,  June  80, 1877 

Alfred  Troop. 
Captain. 
John  Stevens,  April  7, 1876 

Lieutenant. 
Charles  Bull,  April  7, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
David  Soott,  AprU  7, 1876 

Alexandn  Troop. 
Lieutenant 
Walter  Symes,  April  22, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant 

Joaeph  B.  Somerville,  July  U,  1877 
Honorary  Ateigtant  Surgeon. 

Julius  I>ecimui  Tripe,  M.D.,  Februaiy  1,  I860 


Captain. 


Wairoa  (Patea)  Light  Horse. 


'apt 
John  B.  Walkington,  January  28, 1876 

Lieutenant 
George  Johnstone,  January  28, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant 
John  Old,  January  28, 1876 

Te  Awamutn. 
Major. 
WilUam  Jackson,  January  9, 1878 

Sub-Lieutenanta. 
William  Samuel  Rutherford.  November  19, 1878 
Tliomas  Williams  Weatherill,  November  10, 1878 

Cambridge. 
Captain, 
James  Rundman,  March  20, 1872 

LieuteTUint 

John  Fisher,  May  17, 1878 
Sub-Lieutenant 

Robert  Kirkwood,  May  17, 1878 

Normanby  Husaan. 

Honorary  Acting  Surgeotu 
Leighton  Kesteven,  June  80, 1877 

Honorary  Veterinary  Surgeon: 
Thomas  Hunt,  June  80, 1877 

Artillkrt  Volustkbrs. 
Order  qf  Precedence  cif  ArtHUry  Volunteers* 
Auckland. 
Captain. 
John  Herbert  Bums,  February  6, 1878 

Lieutenant 
Henry  George  Payne,  July  20, 1876 

2nd  Lieutejmnt. 

William  Norrie,  July  20, 1876 
Honorary  Chaplain. 

Right  Rev.  W.  Q.  Cowie,  Bishop  of  Auckland 


Dunedln  Artflloy. 
Captain. 
Archibald  Hfll  Jack,  November  28, 187S 

Lieutenant 
Sydney  NImmo  Muir,  November  23, 1872 

2fKf  Lieutenant. 
William  Lambert,  April  20,  1876 

Tlmara  Artilleiy. 
Captain. 
Alfred  St.  Oeofge  Hamersley,  Mardi  19, 1876 

Honorary  Acting  Surgeon,  M.B. 
Patrick  M'Intyre,  August  29, 1872 

Wellington  Artillery. 
Captain. 
William  S.  Mooihouse,  September  U,  1877 

Lieutenant. 
James  Graham  Fox,  Jaauazy  16, 1877 

2nd  Lieutenant. 
Matthew  M'Credie,  January  16, 1877 

Honorary  Acting  Surgeon. 
Charles  France,  November  20, 1870 

Christchurdi  Artfllery. 
Captain. 

David  Craig,  September  26, 1874 

Lieutenant. 
John  Brough  Stansell,  August  16, 1870 

2nd  Lieutenant 
Joseph  Thomas  Strange,  January  18, 1877 

Honorary  Acting  Surgeon. 
W.  Deomer,  M.D.,  December  22, 1871 

Napier  Artilleiy. 
Honorary  CoUmeL 
G.  &  Whitmore,  CM.G.  Colonel  N.Z.  MIL 

Ctwtain. 
William  Boutledge,  Major  N2.  Volunteers.  Jannary 

17,  isn 

Lieutenantt. 
Frank  W.  Gamer,  April  14, 1877 
Fhink  PeU,  July  7, 1878 

Honorary  Amietant  Suraeon. 
Frederick  Irvine  de  lide,  March  22, 1877 

Honorary  Chaplain. 
Rev.  O.  M.  D'Aicy  Irvine 

InvercargUL 
Captain. 
James  £.  Hannah,  Major  N.Z.  Volunteers.  Hatsh  9. 
1875 

Lieutenant 
Charles  B.  Kingswell,  July  6, 1877 

2nd  Lieutenant 
Arthur  W.  Stock,  July  6, 1877 

Honorary  Acting  Surgeon. 
Cedl  Jackson,  June  20, 1878 

Nelson  Artillery. 
Captain. 
Albert  Pitt,  Mi^or  N.Z.  Volunteers,  Mi^  1, 187S 

Lieutenant 
Burton  West,  February  7,  1878 

2nd  Lieutenant. 
George  H.  Ashcroft,  February  14, 1878 

Honorary  Acting  Surgeon. 
William  Keys  FEurrelfe.  July  16, 1873 

Honorary  Chaplain. 
Right  Rev.  A.  B.  Suter,  D.D. 

Oamam. 
Lieutenant 
George  Greenfield,  July  27, 1875 

Honorary  Asnttant  Surgeon. 
Harry  A.  De  Latour,  JiDy  27, 1875 


VOLUNTEEKa 


295 


EvooiaBB  VoLumus. 

Orcfor  0/  Precedence  qf  Engineer  Volunieen. 

Na  1  Company  (Canterbury.) 

'Captain  CemmamianL 

Gw>Tge  Holmes,  December  6, 1871 

Captain. 
James  Godfrey  Warner,  July  6,  1876 

LietUenant. 
John  Anderson,  Jun.,  July  8, 1876 

Haundd. 
Captain. 
James  S.  Small,  December  7, 1877 

Lieutenant 
William  J.  Barlow,  December  7, 1877 

2nd  Lieutenant 
George  Denbigh,  llfty  4, 1877 

Honorary  Atai^atU  Suneon, 
Martin  Henry  Fftyne,  September  21, 1874 

Auddand. 
Captain. 
WUUam  AndsTRm,  June  17, 1874 

Lieutenant 
George  Kitchen,  June  17, 1874 

2nd  Lieutenant. 
John  F.  Saunders,  June  17, 1874 

Honararu  Acting  Surgeon. 
fVederick  Wiluam  Edmund  Dawson,  July  19, 1871 

InyercargilL 

Captain. 
Jvam  Harvey,  June  4, 1878 

LietUenant 
Henry  Feldwick,  June  4, 1878 

2nd  Lieutenant. 
Bnbaion  D.  O'Halloran,  June  4, 1878 

Honorary  Acting  Surgeon. 


lonorary  Acting  surgeon. 
William  O.  M'Clure,  June  4, 1878 


RiPLi  VoLunmBS. 
Order  qf  Precedence  qf  Bi/U  Volunteers. 

Yictoiia  Company,  Auckland. 
Captain. 
James  Derrom,  Major  N.Z.  Volunteers,  June  7, 1862 

Lieutenant 
Owen  Mahon,  NoTember  8, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant 
William  H.  Skimwr,  November  28, 1875 

Wainw  (Auckland). 
Captain. 
Robert  Bain,  Februaiy  17, 1876 

Lieutenant. 
Daniel  Crawford,  February  17, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
Wmiam  Kerr,  October  8,  1874 

No.  S  Company  (AucklandX 

Captain. 
Arthur  Morrow,  Major  N.Z.  Volunteers,  May  4, 1871 

Lieutenant. 
Denis  Kelly,  September  28, 1875 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
John  W.  Robinson,  November  28, 1876 

Riverton. 
Captain. 
George  Osborne  Oaasels,  November  16, 1876 

Lieutenant. 
Joeeph  Robinson,  November  12, 1877 

Honorary  Aesietant  Surgeon. 
Francis  A.  Monckton,  July  10, 1876 


Ficton  Company,  Marlborough  Rifle  Bangers. 

Sub- Lieutenant. 
Henry  Hawke,  July  9,  1875 

No.  6  (Kalapoi)  Company  (Oanteibuiy). 

LiexUenant 
John  Perrin,  August  7, 1874 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
Geoige  W.  Wearing,  September  8, 1876 

City  Guards  (CanterbuiyX 

Captain. 
James  George  Hawkes,  June  25, 1867 

Lieutenant 

Nathaniel  Wolfe,  June  25, 1867 

Sub- Lieutenant. 
John  L.  Raddiffe,  October  18, 1877 

ROTIL. 

Cfu^tain. 
Charles  Galpln,  August  28, 186» 

liieutenant 
^lliam  Morrison,  March  10, 1877 

Bntign. 
James  Slight,  June  20, 1871 

1st  Battauon  Otaoo  Ripli  VOLUNTEiaa. 

(Consisting  of  No.  1  City  Onsnlfl,  North  Dunedin,  Waikart,. 
and  South  District  Companies.) 

Nathaniel  Y.  A.  Waies,  May  28, 1877. 

Surgeon. 
Edward  Hulm,  M.D.,  June  26, 1866 

Na  1  Company  Oty  Guards. 


Captain 
George  Wilson,  August  13, 1877 

JAeutenant 
John  M'Gr^gor,  August  13, 1877 

North  Dunedin. 
Captain. 
Charles  S.  Reeves,  January  12, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
John  Allen,  January  16, 1878 

Honorary  Atsittant-Surgeon. 
Bobt.  H.  Bakewell,  M.D.,  August  4, 1876 

South  District  Rangers. 

Sub-Lieutenant 
Jerenilah  J.  Eagerty,  December  18, 1878 

WaikaiHi  Rangers. 
Ct^totk'n. 
Thomas  Chalmers  Reld,  July  20, 1876 

Lieutenant. 
John  Ewen  M'Kenxie,  September  21, 1876 

2nd  Battauon  Otaoo  Riflb  VoLmmns. 

(Consisting  of  the  Bruce,  East  Taleri,  West  Taieti,  and 

Clutha  Companies.) 
Major. 
Alfred  Jones,  January  SO,  1872 

Bruce. 
Captain. 
Edwaid  Pettit,  March  26, 1872 

I/ieutenant 
James  Scott,  May  22, 1872 

Sub-Lieutenant 
Donald  Reid,  June  7, 1875 

West  TaierL 
Captain, 
John  Iveson,  November  21, 1876 


Honoraru  Aitietant-Surgeon. 
James  M'Brearty,  June  18, 1871 


♦ 


296 


VOLXJNTEERS. 


EutTkierL 
Caotain. 
John  Andrew,  June  21, 1869 

Lieutenant. 
Robert  Donnelly,  February  a,  1877 

Sub-Lieutenant, 
Robert  Brown,  February  21, 1877 

Sonorary  Awistant'Surgeon. 
Hugh  M'Gaw,  January  le,  1878 

Bonarary  Chaplain. 
Rev.  John  U.  Sutherland 

dutho. 
Captain. 
John  M*Neil,  December  4, 1878 

Lieutenant. 
JaoMs  SnuJIl,  Noyember  14, 1874 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
William  Stewart,  October  23, 1876 

Sotiorary  Aisittant-Surgeon, 
John  G.  Smith,  October  19, 1870 

8rd  (Northern)  Battaliok  Otaqo  Ripls  Voi.untibi& 

(Consisting  of  the  Oamaru,  Hampden,  and  Otepopo  Com- 

panles.) 
Major. 

wmiAm  Jukes  Steward,  October  28, 1872 

Oamaru. 
Cajptain. 
George  Sumptcr,  January  8, 1873 


OrQymouth  Rifle  Bangen. 

LieutenatU, 
George  Simpson  Smith,  July  26, 1877 

No.  1  Company  (Temuka)  Oantettnuy. 

Cantain. 
Jcim  Albert  Young,  September  14, 1875 

lAetUenant, 
James  Flndlay,  September  14, 1875 

Sub-LieutenanL 
Robert  White,  September  14, 1875 

Honorary  Ateittant-Surgeon. 
Thomas  Ottery  Rayner,  May  24, 1870 

Forest  (Waiuku). 
Captain, 
James  Mellaop,  August  17, 1878 

Sub-LieutenanL 
William  a  Crawford,  August  23, 1877 


Captain. 
William 


Hampden. 


Muroott,  July  15, 1875 

Lieutenant 
William  Qigue,  July  15, 1875 


Cmatain. 
Eri 


Otepopo. 


nest  Fredk.  Diehl,  October  5, 1876 

Z/ieutenant. 
Alexander  Plrio,  October  5, 1876 


Captain. 
Davit 


Invercargill. 


.vid  Macrorie,  December  6, 1875 

Lieutenant. 
William  BenJ.  Scandrett,  December  6, 1875 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
Alfred  Fredk.  Dawson,  November  0, 1876 

Honorary  Auiatant-Surgeon. 
Arthur  S.  Hanan,  June  1, 1876 


Captain. 


Wellington  City. 


lezander  Crowe,  June  14, 1870 

Lieutenant 
James  Walden,  January  31, 1878 

Sub-Lieutenant 
Walter  Christie,  January  31, 1S78 

WalkouaitL 
Cca^in. 
Henry  Orbell,  April  8,  1873 

Lieiitenant 
Wm.  Cleaver  Ancell,  November  3, 1370 

Ist  WesUand. 
Captain. 

James  Alexander  Bonar,  April  30, 1863 
Lieutenant. 

Fredk.  A.  Learmonth,  April  25, 1874 
Sub-Lieutenantt. 

Mauritz  Henry  Lin!<trom,  December  9, 1873 

George  Augustus  Munyanl,  July  9, 1878 

Honorary  Anietant-Surgeon. 
David  P.  Jame    March  20, 1878 


Cfoatain. 
Patrick  Monaghan,  December  11, 186S 

No.  1  niames  Scottish.  , 
Cmatain. 
Thomas  Leitch  Muxxay  (SCaJor,  New  Zealand  Yolnn* 
teersX  July  19, 1871 

JAeutenant, 
William  Dey,  June  21, 1874 

Sub-Lieutenant 
Peter  Johnston,  June  21, 1874 

Honorary  Atsistant-Surgeon, 
James  Kilgour,  K.D.,  June  15, 1874 

No.  1  Pttkekohe. 

Captam. 
Benjamin  Harris  (Hi^r,  New  Zealand   Volunteen) 
Januaiy  18, 1869  " 

JAeutenant 
Hugh  Wylie,  Januaiy  10, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
William  W.  Wallace,  October  10, 1879 


CatOain. 


Thames  Rifle  Rangers. 


opu 

Robert  Farrell,  June  13, 1878 

Lieutenant 
Andrew  Ctdmie,  October  26, 1874. 

Na  2  Thames  Scottish. 
Captain. 
John  Edwin  Maodonald,  aiay  13, 1874 

Spring  Creek  (Mariboroogh). 

Captain. 
wheaton  Soper,  August  7, 1877 

Lieutenant. 
Francis  Sutton,  August  7, 1877 

Siib-Lieutenant 
Charies  Reeves,  August  7, 1877 

Wanganui. 

Captain, 
John  Fatten  Watt,  August  29, 1677 

Lieutenant. 
Leonard  H.  Jones,  Msy  16, 1878 

Sub-Lieutenant 
John  Anderson,  Msy  16, 1878 

Honorary  Asnetant-Surgeon. 
Robert  C.  Earle,  Februaiy  22, 1873 

Kaiwharawhanu 
Captain. 
Charles  Tliompson,  May  18, 1875 


VOLCTNTEERS. 


297 


Nelson  (at7)L 
Captain. 
Charles  E.  Bunny,  November  1, 1875 

Lieutenant. 
Percy  BoUsnd  Adams,  March  19, 1878 

Sub-Lieutenant, 

Henry  Hammond,  July  11, 1878 

Honorary  Atgittant'&irgeon. 
Leonard  Boor,  April  7, 1875 

Honorary  Chapiain, 
Bey.  C.  Henry  Lelghton 

Benwick. 
Ctatain. 

Thomas  O'SuUivan,  August  1, 1874 

Lieutenant. 

Hugh  Gee,  August  1, 1874 

Svb-LitutenanL 

Boderick  M'lvor,  August  1, 1874 

Hobeon  (Anddand). 
Captain. 
Peter  Dignan,  January  12, 1875 

Lieutenant 
William  F.  Clifton,  January  12, 1875 

Svb-Lieutena$U. 
William  G.  Connolly,  January  19, 1875 

OtahuhtL 
Captain. 
John  Gordon,  May  5, 1871 

lAetttenant. 
William  D.  Bush,  January  26, 1878. 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
James  Toms,  July  26, 1878 

Toakau. 
Lieute¥Mnte. 
Edward  Boyle,  May  7, 1871 
Edward  Bluck,  October  6, 1877 

No.  2  Company,  Waiuku. 
Captain. 
nederick  M.  Alexander,  May  14, 1871 

Lieutenant 
Hugh  Douglas,  January  10, 1876. 

Auckland  (8oottish)i 
Captain. 
John  Mowbray,  April  28, 187S 

Lieutenant. 
Charles  Napier  M'Murdo,  May  23, 1878 

SfUhLieutenant. 
John  Home,  April  24, 1877 

Portobello  (Otago). 
Captain. 
John  M'Cartn^,  September  18, 1877 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
William  Bobertson,  September  13, 1877 

Queoutown. 
Captain, 
Hugh  Joseph  Finn,  March  6, 1876 

I4eute7Uint. 
Albert  Eichardt,  January  14, 187& 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
John  8.  Aldred,  February  12, 1877 

Hon.  A.  Surgeon. 
Charles  Scott,  March  25, 1873 

Stoke  (Nelson). 
Captain. 
Bobeit  J.  Malcolm,  March  9, 1878 

Lieutenant. 
John  Paynter,  June  9, 1874 


Tluanas  Native. 

Captain. 
wUlougfaby  Horatini  T&ipari,  December  23, 1874 

Lieutenant 
Baika  Whakarongotai,  September  18, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant 
Matiu  Poono,  September  18, 1876 

Arrow. 

Captain. 
^niliam  Jenkins,  December  8, 1877 

Lieutenant 
James  Healey,  December  8, 1877 

StJ^Lieutenant. 

William  Lockie,  December  8, 1877 
Hon.  A.  Surgeon. 

George  C.  Jackson,  May  24, 1876 

Tuunaki. 

Captain. 
Harry  Eyre  Kenny,  May  20, 1876 

Lieutenant 

John  Ellis,  May  20, 1876 
Sub-LieutenafU. 

Josias  Hoskln,  May  20, 1876 

Hon.  A.  Surgeon. 
Patrick  J.  CCarroll,  October  13, 1876 

Blenheim. 
Captain. 

John  IHicker  Robinson,  August  17, 1876 
Li^itenant 

Francis  John  Carey,  August  17, 1876 
Sub-Lieutenant. 

Alfred  Rogers,  August  17, 1876 

Cromwell. 

Captain. 
Stephen  Noble  Brown,  July  27, 1876 

LietUenant 
Cyril  Edwin  Gudgeon,  July  27, 1876 

Sub-Lieutenant 
David  Anderson  Jolly,  July  27, 1876 

Hon.  A.  Surgeon. 
Robert  Wright  Stirling,  July  27, 1876 

Gisbome. 

Captain. 
George  John  Whiter,  June  29, 1877 

Lieutenant. 

Charles  W.  Ferris,  September  20, 1877 

Sub-Lieutenant. 
Wniiam  Daly,  November  1, 1877 

The  wdous  branches  of  the  Volunteer  Force  gave  a  total 
strength  of  7,073  officers  and  men  belon^ng  to  123 
corps— ea  increase  on  the  number  of  Volunteers  in  the 
previous  year  of  525,  but  a  decrease  of  4  in  the  number 
of  corps,  nn&e  totals  of  each  branch  of  the  force  were 
as  follow  :— 

Corps.        Strength. 

Cavalry    11  ....  551 

ArtiUery 9  ....  639 

Engineers    2  123 

Biflee    66  ....  3,344 

Naval   6  ....  4H 

Cadets 40  ....  1,982 


298 


VOLUNTEEKS. 


Queensland. 

Colonel  and  Commandant 

J.  McDonnelL 
Staf  OJ/leer. 

R.  A.  M  OOK.    ■ 

Mqior  Commanding  ArtSXUry.    . 
E.  R  Dniry. 

Coptouu. 

E.  H.  Webb,  W.  K.  Heward,  F.  R.  BernanL 
LievJtenanU, 

A.  D.  Campbell.  K  A.  Bonnie,  J.  O.  Boune^  O.  R. 
Wilson,  A.  £.  DoogiMi. 

Ehoinibr. 
Captain. 
O.  H.  Newman, 

LieuUnantt, 
J.  B.  Stanley,  F.  F.  Holmes. 


iNTKiLiaXirOB  OOBP8. 

Captain. 
S.  A.  Adanu. 

TORFBDO  AND  SlONALLIXO  OORP8. 

Ccmtain. 
w.  J.  CradmelL 

LieulenamU. 
J.  Thomas,  W.  Burkitt. 


Mqior  Commanding. 

W.  H.  Snelluv. 
Captaim. 

E.  H.  Blunt 

F.  W.  Boxter. 
E.  E.  Smith. 

G.  &  Mein. 

LieutenafUs, 
B.BurreIL 
W.  Knott. 
J.  U.  Flynn. 
O.  G.  Langlqr. 
J.  Rowland. 
R  ChMman. 
J.  T.  Weaka. 
W.  C.  Clements. 
O.  a  Button. 
J.  A.  Boyoe. 
A.  Morgan. 


RiFLBS. 


R.  OoodaaO. 
A.  Fees. 

Q.  A.  Ifadarlane. 
J.  Boyoe. 

J.  Hobbf. 
R.  Abraham. 
A.  J.  Thynne. 
E.  H.  Oxenbould. 
N.  L.  N.  Tboth. 
T.  Annear. 
E.  A.  Harris 
C.  E.  Chubb. 
O.  Q.  Blaxland. 
A.  S.  TlionL 


VoLuaraBBa  -Mbdical  Staff. 

Prine^Ml  OJieer. 
Dr.  CnalUnor. 

Swrgeom. 

K.  J.  ODohertir. 

J.  Mullen. 

0.  Thorn. 

J.  H.  Harricks. 

W.  Howlin. 

Unattachsd  List. 
Me^ort. 

Q.  B.  N.  Geary,  R.  B.  Sheridan. 

Captaing. 
6.  LiUey. 
H.  C.  Stanley. 
J.  Skinner. 

LieuUnanti. 
G.  E.  O'Brien. 
CMillfl. 


R.  C.  Robinson. 
J.  Howlin.  • 
J.  N.  B.  ThompaoiL 
H.  C.  PuroeU. 


TBLVttog. 

C.  S.  D.  Melbourne. 

W.  L.  Fowles. 

A.  R.  WhitenhalL 


CAnSTB. 


Captain  Commanding. 

R.  H.  Roa 
Lieutenantt. 

H.  £  Crmb. 

W.  Crompton. 

Sub-Lieutenants. 
G.  Milla. 
A.  Lindsay. 
C.  B.  Fox. 
J.  H.  Croker. 


E  B.  Wilklns. 
B.  S.  Benjamin. 

T.  Boys. 
B.  A.  Rois. 
W.  Lawrence. 
W.  Groom. 


Volunteer  Infantry,  ArtUleiy,  and  Engineers 1,200 


South  Auotkatja. 

(Corrtetedto  let  August,  VSn.) 

Staff. 
Colonel  Commandant 
Colonel  M.  F.  Downes,  Royal  ArtlUeiy 

J>eputy  Assistant,  Adjutant,  OeneraL 
Battalion  Major  Alg.  Arbuthnot  Godwin,  lOS  P. 

Field  Aide  to  Officer  Commanding  the  Forces, 
Captain  William  R.  Wig^ley,  June  19, 1878 

Cayalrt  (Mourtbd  Riflbb). 
Captains. 
John  R.  Beck,  December  27, 1877 
Walter  Hemminipway,  April  25, 1878 

lieutenants. 
Thomas  D.  Porter,  December  27, 1877 
Edward  R  Young,  December  27, 1877 
George  W.  Bagot,  April  25, 1878 

Biding  Master. 
Malachi  Powell,  December  27, 1877 

Surgeon. 
William  Gardner,  M.D.,  Deoembor  27, 1877 

Veterinary  Surgeon. 
Alfred  Backford,  December  27, 1877 

Abtillbbt. 
Lieutsnant'ColoneL 
Landafl  B.  Matthews,  September  19, 1877 

Mqipr. 
William  D.  Claxton,  April  25, 1878 

Captains. 
John  L.  R.  Fiveaah,  November  15, 1877 
Benjamin  Solomon,  April  25, 1878 

Lieutenants. 
Stephen  L.  Moody,  December  27, 1877 
Alexander  Ringirood,  December  27, 1877 
Frederick  W.  Rotting,  December  27, 1877 
George  A.  FIut,  December  27, 1877 
Herbert  M.  Haidy,  April  4, 1878 
George  F.  Hallett,  May  ao,  1878 

Surgeon. 
Robert  Peel,  March  21, 1878 

Adblaidb  Riflbb, 
Honoraru  Colonet 
Colonel  J.  K.  Biggs,  laU  49  F.,  November  15, 1877 

Honorary  Major. 
MsioT  de  Neufville  Lucas,  late  40  F.,  November  15, 
1877 

Honorary  Captain. 
Captain  Henry  G.  D.  Haggard,  November  IS,  1877 

LieutenarU'CoUmel 
Henry  J^mes  FitsRoy,  June  18, 1878 

M^ors. 
William  Oldham,  June  18, 1878 
Carl  W.  F.  Trapmann,  June  13, 1878 

Captains. 
Frank  Makin,  November  15, 1877 
Samf^el  D.  Glyde,  November  15, 1877 
Lewis  G.  Madley.  November  15, 1877 
John  M.  Smith,  November  15, 1877 
George  Le  M.  Oretton,  November  15, 1877 
Charles  W.  France,  November  15, 1877 
Frank  J.  Naish,  April  11, 1878 
William  J.  Manrey,  June  13, 1878 
Gustave  Dsgennardt,  July  11, 1878 

Lieutenants. 
John  Waddell,  December  27, 1877 
James  H.  Cunningham,  December  ^1877 
Robert  H.  Fiveaah,  December  27, 1877 
Frederick  C.  Ward,  December  27, 1857 
John  M.  Bagot,  December  27, 1877 
Arthur  L.  Harrold,  December  27, 1877 
William  J.  Hinde,  December  27, 1877 
Sydney  E.  Beach,  December  27, 1877 
George  Wright,  April  4, 1878 
Henry  R  Carter,  April  11, 1878 
Alexander  Clark,  May  SO,  1878 
James  Taylor,  July  4, 1878 
James  Stuart,  July  11, 1878 
Henry  Louis  de  Rleu,  Ausust  29, 1878 
Trevenen  Bosman,  August  29, 1878 


YOLITNTEEBS. 


299 


Adjutant  and  Qvarier  Maat»r, 

Horatio  L.  WiUianu,  laU  12  F.,  NoTember  16, 1877 

Surgeon  Major. 
William  T.  dendening,  M.RC.S.,  November  16, 1877 

Surjfeon. 

Franda  W.  H.  Popham,  M.R.C.S.,  November  16, 1877 

Volanteen 460 

Rifle  Companies    990 


1,880 


Tasmaioa. 

(Corrected  to  let  AuguH,  ISTS.) 

Commandant  and  Inmeeting  Field  Ofieer, 
Ueutenant-Colonel  W.  H.  St  Hffl,  19  F.,  May  20, 1878. 

Attiitant  TnepeeHng  Fieid  OJleer  (Northern  Dittriet). 
Local  LieutenantrColonel  B.  a  D.  Home,  lata  ffl  ¥., 

Hay  20, 1878. 

Stq^  Ofioer  and  Adjutant 

Okptain  E.  M.  Tudor  Boddam,  laU  Ugfat  Royal  ArtO- 
liBiy,  Febniaiy  18,1878 

ChMpiain  to  the  Foreee. 
Tne  Veiy  Rev.  H  R  Bromby,  BJL 

VoLinima  ABTtu<nT. 
Captaine. 
Alfred  Harrap,  September  22, 1860 
E.  L.  Crowther,  February  19, 1878 
T.  M.  Evans,  July  1, 1878 

I/ieutenante. 
John  Reid,  January  20, 1868 
Tliomas  Roblln,  February  20, 1878 
W.  H.  Buriress,  February  21, 1878 
Thomas  Stone,  July  1, 1878 
R  T.  Westbrook,  July  16, 1878 

Pofmatiere, 
David  Lewis  (Hobart  Town),  bonoiaiy  Hajor,  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1878 
O.  T.  (>)Uin8  (Launceeton),  honorary  detain,  June 
8,1878 

Qiuaritr  Maeter. 
W.  Fatridc  Oreen,  August  6, 1878. 

Medical  Oficere. 
Surgeon  Major  J.  L.  Miller,  January  26, 1868 
Surgeon  Mi^or  W.  L  Crowther,  Ma^r  21, 1878 
Surgeon  J.  A.  Hardy,  June  8, 1)378 

Unattachiol  • 

Lieutenant  R  J.  Harris,  late  Lifl^t  Volunteer  ArtiUery 

RiFLB  RnnMBR. 

JAciitenonl-Cditmel, 
W.  H.  St  HiU,  19  F.,  May  20, 1878 

Majore. 
fflr  James  Milne  Wilson.  K  C.M.G.,  May  20, 1878 
Rodham  C.  D.  Home,  local  lieutenant-Colonel,  May 
20,1878 

CapUUna. 
John  (XBoyle,  May  20, 1878 
T.  CJust,  May20, 1878 
W.  H.  Smith,  May  20, 1878 
J.  O.  Davies,  May  20, 1878 
William  Aikenhead,  May  20. 1878 
Tliomas  Manden,  May  20, 1878 

LieutenamU. 
Albert  Reid,  May  20, 1878 
Fuquhar  Scot,  Slay  20, 1878 
J.  11  Clarke,  adjutant,  May  20, 187S 
J.  R  Addison,  May  20. 1878 
W.  Hunt,  May  20, 1878 
John  Coates,  May  20, 1878 
J.  T.  Cole,  May  20, 1878 

Svb-Lieutenante. 

J.  RBetts,  May20, 1878 
H.  J.  Rooke,  May  20, 1878 
E.  J.  Freeman,  May  20, 1878 
O.  Steele,  May  20, 1878 
N.  Westman,  May  20, 1878. 
H.  S.  Banard,  May  20, 1878 


Henry  Cook,  honorary  m^or,  June  10, 1878. 

VOLUimBBfl. 

Volunteer  Infkntry  and  Artillery,  843 

Caa^  Inatr.  of  Muek, 
Hugh  Munro  Hull,  June  10, 1878 

Adjutant  .* 
7.  M.  Clarke,  May  20, 1878 

Qua.-Maet. 
C.  W.  Rocher,  honorary  CH>t^n,  May  21, 1878 

Medical  OMeere. 
Sur.  MaJ.,  O.  W.  Tumley,  May  21, 1878 
Sur.  wmiam  Mason,  Msy  21, 1878 


Victoria. 

(Corrected  to  September  15, 1878,) 

HSAD  QUABTUS  STAFP. 

Commanding  the  Foreee. 
CoL  W.  A.  D.  Anderson,  C.M.O. 

Stag  Oilcer  Adj.  Oen.  Dept. 
d^pt  J.  A.  Stubbs,  Victorian  ArtUlery 

Stqf  OJleer  MU.  See.  Dept 
dipt  F.  W.  Bull,  Military  Forces 

Staf  OJleer  of  ArtOtery  and  Inatruetor  in  (hennery, 
CSipt  W.  H.  Snee,  Mu.  Forces 

StaW  OJUerfor  Finance  and  Control 
Qua.-Mast  James  Fahey,  Military  Forces 

Victorian  Abtillirt. 

A  Grenade,  with  the  motto,  "  Aut  pace,  out  beUo,"  and 
the  badge  of  the  Colony  thereon. 

Captain. 
J.  A.  Stubbs,  January  1, 187L 

lACutenant. 
D.  Nicholson,  October  7, 1872. 

Honorary  Aide»-de-Camp  to  the  Oovemor 
Lt-CoL  R  Rede,  Unatt  Vol.  Force 
Gapt  F.  W.  BuU,  MR  Forces 

VOLUMTUBfl. 

Field  Aidet  to  OJleer  Commanding  the  Foreee. 
Okpt  H.  B.  Lane,  Unatt  Art 
Oapt  O.  Clipperton,  Unatt  Rif. 
Oapt  M.  MacLeod,  Unatt  Art 

Aktillut  SzAir. 

Field  Aide. 
Lieut  T.  V.  Foote,  Unatt  Art 

Stag  OJleer. 
Hon.  Mi^.  F.  T.  Sargood,  Art 

DisTUcn. 

L  Home  District 

(Head  Quarteri,  Metboume) 

(Comprising  Melbourne,  Carlton,  CoUingwood,  Bast  Col 
lingwood,  Richmondi,  Bacchus  Manh.  St  Kilda 
^%hton,  Prahran,  South  Yarra,  Emerald  Hill,  Sand 
ridge,  and  WiIliamsto%ni ) 

Dielriet  Stqf. 

Lieut-CoUnel  on  the  Stag. 
Lt.  Col.  W.  Mair,  Unatt  Art 

Field  Aide. 
Capt  G.  N.  Turner,  St.  K.  Art 

StagOMcere. 
luJ.T.  Couchman,  Unatt  Torpedo  Corps 
Mai.  R  Pamell,  Unatt  Eng. 
MaJ.  J.  A.  Anderson.  Unatt.  Rif. 
MaJ.  W.  a  Rees,  Unatt  Art    (Williamstown.) 


300 


V0LUNTEEB8. 


11.  North-weetem  District 
(Head  Quarters,  Ballarat) 

(Oomprising    Ballarat,    Cre8wiok.^-<3eeloDg,  Dnradale, 
anil  Queeiudifle  are  attached  to  this  command  ) 

District  Staff, 

Lieutenant  Colonel  on  the  Staf. 
Lt-OoL  B.  Rede,  Unatt.  Art. 

Field  Aide. 
Lieut.  J.  S.  Bartrop,  let  Batt.  Klf . 

StafOjfioer. 
Bt.  Gapt  H.  Hague,  Art. 

III.  Northern  Diitrict 
(Head  Quartered  Ccutlemaine.) 

(Comprising  Castlemaine,  Sandhurst,  Maldon,  Kyneton, 
and  Malmsbury). 


District  Staff, 

'taff, 
Lt-GoL  J.  E.  N.  Bull,  Unatt.  RIL 


Lieut.'Colonel  on  the  Staff. 
Lt-GoL  J. 

Field  Aide. 
Gapt.  T.  Qreen,  Unatt  Rif. 

Stagr  Officer. 
Bt  Vba^.  L.  H.  Ryland,  L.  H. 

IV.  Western  District 

(Head  Quartert,  Portland). 

(Comprising  Portland,  Belfast,  and  Warmambool). 

Commanding. 
MaJ.  W.  Leannonth,  Unatt  Art 

pRwa  OP  Wales  Ljoiit  House  (HussazsX 

The  Prince  of  Wales  Plume. 

[Administrative.  ] 
Maiore. 
Cf  Anderson,  April  1, 1867 
9.  Windridge,  August  17, 1878 
R.  Moorhead,  November  22, 1875 

Adjutant. 
W.  H.  C.  Metcalf,  capt,  August  17, 1867 

Quarter  Master. 
J.  E.  Grooke,  November  24, 1863 

Surgeon  Major. 
J.  Black,  M.D.,  December  7, 1878 

Veterinary  Surgeons. 
H.  Wrsgge.  AprU  8, 1872 
O.  Snowball,  June  25, 1872 
G.  Mitchell,  June  18, 1874 


Captain. 
C.  R. 


Troops. 
Metropolitan. 


Martin,  February  19, 1877 

Lieutenant 
J.  Bannennan,  March  22, 1877 

Medical  Officer. 
C.  a.  Hardy,  sur.,  December  13, 1876 

Kyneton.' 
Captain. 
M.  H.  Wait,  November  21, 1874 

Lieutenant. 
T.  A.  A.  Buckley,  April  4, 1878 

Medical  Officer. 
S.  Smith,  sur.  maj.,  July  26, 1874 

Sandhurst 
Ctuftain. 
R.  B.  Sibley,  September  13, 1875 
T.  H.  Henderson,  April  8, 1878 

Medical  Officer. 
J.  Boyd,  M.D.,  sur.  maJ.,  March  14, 1877 


BaUant 
Captetint. 
W.  H.  G.  Metcalf,  a..  May  81, 1860 
T.  A.  Wilson,  November  5, 1877 

LieutenatU. 
L.  Whyte,  January  81, 1878 

Medical  Officer. 
O.  Nicholson,  sur.  m«j.,  July  27, 1874 

Southern. 
Captain. 
A.  W.  Rodd,  October  9, 1877 

Medical  Officer. 
T.  Elmes,  sur.  maJ.,  January  14, 1878 

Ukattachbd. 
Captains. 
O.  Rylaod,  m.,  June  9, 1867 

E.  Slee,  January  SO,  1808 
W.  FPaser,  January  7, 1878 

A.  WatM>n,  Jaouaiy  10. 1876 

ARTILLERY. 
In  Bmoabb  (Field  Abt.) 
(Comprising  East  Melbourne,  St  KUda,»nd  Metropoli- 
tan Oorpa) 

Majors. 
W.  Stokes,  June  8. 1869 

F.  T.  Sargood.  Vol.  Art,  s.,  February  2,  1871 
H.  A.  Clarke,  November  26, 1875 

AdjfjUanL 
H.  J.  King,  eapt.f  October  8, 1870 

Quarter  Master. 

E.  Bates,  May  18. 1875 

OORPS  (BATTBEim). 

East  Melbourne. 
Captain. 
H.  J.  King,  a.,  June  2, 1872 

Lieutenants, 

B.  J.  Wardai,  October  18, 1870 
J.  Browne,  August  4, 1878 

L.  H.  Hart,  August  80, 1876 
J.  R.  Ballenger,  August  31, 1876 
P.  J.  P.  W.  Yeo,  August  10, 1878 
S.  Crisp,  August  17, 1878 

Medical  Officer. 
J.  P.  Ryan,  sur.,  December  28, 1875 

StKUda. 
Cavtains. 

G.  N.  Turner,  diet.  «.,  December  81, 1S70 
'    M.  B.  Heame,  April  7, 1872 

Lieutenants. 

A.  Smith,  April  20, 1871 

W.  C.  WhaUey,  July  27, 1876 

J.  W.  Hacker,  July  28, 1876 

S.  Spyer,  May  17, 1877 
Medical  Officer. 

R.  Robertson,  sur.,  December  7, 187S 

Metropolitan. 
Motor. 
H.  A.  Clarke,  November  26, 1875 

Captain. 
W.  Gane,  April  7, 1875 

Lieutenant. 

W.  Kelly,  April  16, 1875 
Medical  Officer. 

T.  Rowan,  sur.,  September  21, 1874 

2nd  BaioASB  (Garrison  Art.) 
(Comprising  Williamstown,  Cteelong,    South    Grant, 
Brighton,  Wratem,  Emerald  Hill,  and  Baadridge 
Corps). 

Majors. 

F.  Q.  Moulo.  March  29. 1872 

C.  Rashleigh,  August  14, 1873 

Adjutant. 
A.  T.  Clark,  capt,  October  8, 1870 

Quarter  Master. 
W.  F.  Knight,  November  25, 1874 

Medical  Officer. 
W.  Hatg,  M.D.,  sur.  maJ.,  July  16, 1874 


VOLUNTEERS. 


301 


GoRTs  (BAimunX 

WUIiamstown. 
Captain. 

H.  W.  Douch,  August  5, 1871 

Lieutenants. 

A.  T.  C9ark,  adj..  October  21, 1809 
&  Barlett,  January  28, 1872 
G.  FvrsTuson,  February  2, 1872 
H.  W.  Perrin,  February  23, 1874 
F.  L.  Outtrim,  August  10, 1876 

Medical  Officer. 
E.  O.  Figg,  sur.  maj.,  March  16, 1877 

Geelong. 
Major, 
a  Raihleigh,  August  14, 1873 

Captain. 
J.  L.  Price,  June  11, 1860 

LietUenante. 
Q.  Hague,  December  9,  1867 
T.  F.  Morkham  (supern.),  January  29,  1869 

C.  Swift,  February  20, 1874 

Medical  Officer. 

D.  a  Reid  (sur.  maj.),  July  24, 1874 

South  Grant 
QuGcnscliff  Detachment 

Captain  Commandant. 
R.  Jordan,  March  14, 1871. 

Lieutenant. 
J.  H.  Trathan,  March  12, 1875. 

Medical  Officer. 
D.  J.  WiUiams,  M.D.  (aor.  maj.),  July  SO,  1874. 

Drysdalo  Detachment 
Lieutenant. 

W.  H.  Hall,  February  25, 1874. 

Western. 

Portland  Detachment 

Captain  Commandant. 
J.  Trangmar,  Juno  16, 1869. 

Belfast  Detachment 
Captain. 

A.  T.  Woods,  February  1,  1878 

Medical  Officer. 

J.  Baird,  sur.,  June  12, 1877 

Warmambool  Detachment 

Captain  Commandant. 

C.  A.  Cramer,  June  17, 1869 

LicutenatUa. 

D.  0*MuIlane,  February  2,  1878 

H.  A.  C.  Maodonald,  February  3, 1878 

Medical  Ofieer. 
D.  Jennny,  sur.  maj.,  March  15, 1877 

Emerald  Hill. 
Captain. 
T.  De  a  Twycross,  February  16, 187& 

Lieutenante. 
W.  M.  Alexander,  January  29, 1872 

B.  J.  Brown,  August  9, 1875 
G.  H.  O'Hea,  August  2, 1877 

Medical  Officer. 
W.  Haig,  sur.  maj.,  July  16, 1874 


Captain. 


Artillbrt  OincBM  Unattaciiir 


opt 

T.  Swallow,  August  7, 1871 

Lieutenants. 
J.  R.  Y.  Goldstein,  c,  December  8, 1867 
J.  M.  Eves,  a,  February  1, 1872 

CoEPS  OP  EKoumss. 
Catkin. 
R.  H.  Sbakespear,  May  23, 1878 

Lieutenants. 

J.  Phelan,  Aupist  14, 1871 

T.  T.  Draper,  December  20, 1876. 

Medical  Officer, 
E.  M.  James,  sur.  maj.,  22  July.  1874 


TbWBOO  AND  6I05AL  COUPB. 

The  Globe  within  a  laurel  wreath  surmounted  by  a 
crown. 

Major. 
R.  L.  J.  Ellery,  May  27, 1878 

Captain. 
a.  W.  McGowan,  November  4, 1870 

Medical  Officer. 
G.  H.  Featherston,  M.D.,  sur.,  September  29, 1871 

Rifles. 

Metropolitan  R^ment 

(Admin.) 

The  Badge   of  the  Colony— "^ut  |nic8  aut  beUo, 
Victoria." 

Lieutenant-Colonel. 
T.  Bruce  Hutton,  Kovember  25, 1874 

IST  Battalion. 

(Comprising  Carlton  and  Metropolitan  Corps.) 

Jfajors. 
A.  Freeman,  April  25, 1874 
R.  Curtis,  June  23, 1877 

Qitarter  MaHer. 
W.  J.  Mulready,  June  25, 1872 

Medical  Officer. 
J.  Robertson,  sur.  maj.,  July  18, 1874 

Corps. 

Metropolitan. 
Major. 
•  A.  FMeman,  April  26, 1874. 

Captain. 
J.  T.  T.  Smith,  February  13, 1876 

Lieutenant. 
R.  Robertson,  January  22, 1872 

Medical  Officer. 
J.  Fulton,  M.D.,  sur.,  August  4, 1873 

Carlton. 
Captain. 
W.  B.  Aldwell,  June  19, 1868 

LieutenafUs. 
E  Templeton,  June  17,  1869 
J.  Marks,  February  22, 1874 

Medical  Offix^er. 
J.  Robertson,  sur.  maj.,  July  18, 1874 

2nd  Battalion. 

(Comprising  CoUingwood,   East  CoUhigwood,  Rich- 
mond and  Southern  Rifle  Corps.) 

Majors. 
S.  M.  Templeton,  August  18, 1878 
T.  W.  Uther,  April  28,  1874 
a  Trythall,  April  24, 1874 

AdjuUi/mt. 
J.  J.  Buchan,  capt.,  April  4, 1872 

Medical  Officer. 
W.  Crooke,  sur.  maj.,  July  15, 1874 

CoRra. 

CoUingwood. 
Majors. 
J.  M.  Templeton,  August  18,  1878 
T.  W.  Uther  (Bupem.),  April  23, 1874 

Captain. 
J.  I.  Buchan,  adj.,  June  19, 1867 

Lieutenants. 
A.  Blannin,  August  1,  1870 
James  Fraaer,  August  15, 1876 

Medical  Officer. 
W.  Crooke,  sur.  maj.,  July  15, 1874 


302 


VOLUNTEEBS. 


EmI  OoUnffwood. 
Major. 
8.  TrytluOl,  April  24, 1874 

Contain. 
J.  Christophenon,  May  11, 1878 

lAeutenant. 
J.  Wardrop,  April  IS,  1878 

Medical  Oficer. 
T.  Hewtott,  sur.  maj.,  March  18, 1877 

Bicbmood. 

Ccmtain. 
T.  8.  Small,  September,  1871 

LietitenanU. 
T.  vmiers,  August  80, 1860 
J.  Haugbton,  March  81, 1872 
T.  Asttey,  Febniaiy  10, 1874 

Medical  OOeer. 
E.  J.  Wflaon,  sur.  maj.,  July  23, 1874 

Soathem. 
Cemtaifu 
w.  Chambera,  September  19, 1871 

LieuUnanU. 
W.  C.  HiU,  October  3, 1870 
L.  N.  Shepperd,  March  24, 1872 
J.  F.  Lawrence,  May  9, 1876 

Medical  Officer. 
J.  H.  H.Lewellhi,  sur.  maJ-,  July  17, 1874 

Ballabat  Battaliov. 

(Admin.) 

(Comprising  1st  and  Snd  Ballarat  Rifle  Corps.) 
Majort. 
W.  C.  Smith,  March  81, 187S 
J.  T.  Sleep,  August  15, 1878 

AdhUant. 
L.  H.  Kildah,  February  22, 1878 

Medical  Officer. 
B.  Fyffe,  sur. 

COBFS. 
10T  BAUiASAT. 

Mawr. 
J.  T.  Sleep,  August  16, 187S 

Cavtaint. 
W.  Henderson,  May  28, 1860 
R.  W.  Musgrove,  July  8,  1870 
L.  Rildahl,  adj.,  February  17, 1875 

A.  J.  Boulton,  February  18, 1875 

iMMUnantt. 
T.  Maim,  April  1, 1878 
O.  F.  Bartrop,  April  20, 1878 
T.  W.  White,  March  SO,  1874 
H.  McPhillimy,  July  20, 1874 
N.  B.  Saddlier,  September  18, 1875 

Medical  Officer. 

B.  F^e,  sur. 

2in>  Ballarat. 

Captain  Commandant. 
P.  Keatch,  June  8, 1869 

Mourn  Alsxakdir  Battaliok. 

(Comprising  Bendigo  and  1st  and  2Dd  OMtlemaine 
Rifle  Corps.^ 

J.  Aitken,  KoTomber  24, 1875 

Adjutant. 
W.  PaUiser,  capt.,  April  20, 1875 

Quarter  Master. 
R.  Page,  March  31, 1874 

Medical  Officer. 
J.  Hutctdnson,  sor.  maj.,  July  21, 1874 


Bendigo. 

Caj^ain. 
w.  O.  Blackham,  NoTember  3, 1809 

LietUenanta. 
J.  Anderson,  April  8, 1872 
R.  O.  Metcalfe,  Mareh  28, 1874 

Medical  Officer. 
E.  Hinchliff,  sur.,  July  25, 1876 

IBT  CASTLm AIKE. 

Major. 
J.  Aitken,  November  84, 1875 


Falliser,  adj.>  Jaouanr  3, 1872 
T.  W.  Courtney,  September  11, 1878 


Cantaine 

T. 

Lieuicnante. 
a  Hazlett,  January  18, 1873 
J.  J.  Courtney,  May  20, 1873 
H.  Irwin.  March  24, 1876 
T.  Templeton,  March  25, 1876 

Medical  Officer. 
J.  Hutchinson,  sur.  maJ.,  July  21, 1874 


2in>  CAfltLKMAIVB. 

Maldon  Detachmmt. 
Captain. 
L.  P.  Wells,  May  29, 1876 

Lieutenant 
T.  Harding,  August  4, 1876 

Kyneton  Detachment. 

Captain. 
J.  W.  Thirkettle,  December  6, 1873 

Lieutenant. 
J.  K.  Gardner  (actingX  Fsbraaiy  15, 1877 

Malmsbmy  Detadiment. 

Ctwtain. 

T.  E.  Hoopell,  October  10, 1876 
LieutenanL 

J.  W.  Hooke  (acting),  May  29, 1876 

Ukattachbd  List. 

(Excluding  Ofiicers  on  District  Staff.) 

Lieutenant-Colonel 
W.  T.  N.  Champ,  &,  October  12, 1868 

Majors. 
M.  H.  Irring,  a,  March  29, 1867 
Sir  F.  Murphy,  March  30, 1867 
R.  Heath.  A.,  Juno  26, 1869 
J.  H.  Tsylor,  R,  January  80, 1872 
R  Brett,  R.,  August  4, 1878 
R.  Shepherd,  A.,  August  22  1874 
O.  P.  Joseph,  R.,  Norember  23, 1875 
C.  C  Campbdl,  A.,  Norember  25, 1876 

Captaint. 
W.  Strachan,  R^  October  14, 1863 
A.  Purchas,  L.H.,  September  18, 1865 
J.  a  Cooper,  L.  H.,  May  28, 1866 
E.  Black,  R..  June  10, 1867 
T.  Dall,  £.,  July  4, 1870 
W.  Cowper,  A.,  August  4, 1871 
E.  a  Watson,  A.,  April  8, 1878 
C.  T.  Cowle,  R.,  January  8, 1873 
J.  H.  Mount,  L.  H.,  May  22, 1878 
R.  C.  Steele,  N.  B.,  May  23, 1878 
J.  J.  Blundel,  May  26,  1878 

Quarter  Master. 
J.  Fearon,  R.,  April  1, 1874 

Mbdical  Opfiobiis  BMHiom  oir  Gskb&al  DiTTr. 

Surgeons  Major. 
W.  Gilbee,  ^.  Med.  Ofli.,  April  1, 1867 
a  Talbot,  M.D.,  July  23, 1874 
W.  Bone,  M.D.,  March  19, 1877 
A.  Plummer,  M.  D. ,  July  29, 1874 


WALLSEND— WESLEYAN. 


303 


F.  M.  lAidman,  Januarys,  187S 

W.  C.  Roes,  M.D.,  September  19, 1874 

E.  HuDt,  M.B.,  SiBptember  20, 1874 

J.  B.  Uarr,  April  90, 1875 

&  W.  Spark,  February  8, 1878 

W.  J.  Atkinson,  May  14, 1878 

J.  F.  Qraoe,  Jme  22, 1878 

CHAPLAnrs'  DwARTimrr. 

Chaplain  to  the  Force*  {Ut  Claw) 
Rev.  J.  E.  Bronby,  D.D.,  Sfjirch  1, 1877 

ChapLaiiM  to  the  Forcei. 
Rer.  H.  P.  Kane,  M.A.,  November  4, 1876 
Bev.  J.  C.  Cole,  M.A.,  November  6, 1876 
Rev.  J.  O.  Stobbs,  M.A.,  [P.],  November  6, 1876 

MlLiTAiT.^Paid  Regular  Artillery  andStaff      828 

yobPKmii&— Cavalry,  Engineeiv,  Artilleiy, 

andlnftoitiy  3,202 

Naval  Offloers,  Seamen,  Ac  211 

NavalReserve    818 

3.859 

Western  Australia. 

(Corrected  to  Ut  September,  1868.) 

Ifuneeter  <^  Volunteers. 
lieotenant-Colonel  E  D.  Harvest,  h-p.,  late  97  F., 
September  23, 1872 

Aide-de-Camnp  (exitra)  to  the  Oovemor. 
Lieutenant  W.  A.  Stone,  Vol  Horae  Art.,  May  20, 1878 

VOLUITTBBR  HOBSK  ARTILLBRT. 

Perth. 
Captain. 
Geo.  Braithwaite  PhiUips,  May  12, 1874 

Lieutenante. 
Wm.  Alfred  Stone,  May  12, 1874 
Edward  William  Haynes,  August  1,  1878 

PiHJARRAH  Mouimu)  YoiAnrtBKB. 
CtMain. 
Theodore  Fbwoett,  October  22, 1862 

JAetUenant. 
John  Gray  Murray,  October  6, 1868 

Sub-ZdeutenanL 
Tom  William  Oakl^,  October  6, 1868 

WKLoraroir  Modrtbd  YOLOimiRa. 
Captain. 
Robert  Henry  Rose,  November  89, 1877 

LieuteiumL 
Tlkos.  Hen.  Lovegrove,  November  89, 1877 

Slid  lAeutenanL 
MarshaU  Waller  Clifton,  August  7, 1878 

RiFLK  VoLUirnnBS. 

Perth  Metropolitan  Company. 
Captain. 
AUred  James  HUlman,  April  19, 1875 

LUfuienante. 
Richard  Adolphus  ShoU,  May  24, 1875 
Charles  Leonard  aifton,  May  24, 1875 

StA-Lieutenant.  * 

Thomas  Sherwood,  May  24, 1875 

Freemantle  Company. 
Captain. 
Robt  Morgan  Sutherland,  October  7, 1872 

George  Bland  Humble,  October  7, 1872 

SvJth-hituUnanle. 
Michael  Samson,  March  24. 1873 
Edward  Henry  Higham,  September  18, 1877 

Geraldton  Company. 
Captain. 
John  de  C.  Hillman,  February  26, 1877 


■ZifetitetMwtllt 
Vernon  Birch,  August  8, 1877 

SvihlA/OMUfnafd. 
Edward  Shenton,  May  21, 1877 

Guilford  Company. 
Svh-lAevitnainX. 
Stephen  Gardiner,  November  20, 1874 

Hie  Volunteer  Forces  of  the  Colony  consist  of  a  titMp 
of  Horse  Artillery,  two  companies  of  Mounted  Volun- 
teers, and  five  companies  of  Rifle  Volunteers,  the  total 
of  all  ranks  being  about  700.  Each  Volunteer  is  en- 
titled to  a  free  grant  of  land,  of  fifty  acres,  after  a 
period  of  five  years'  service. 

VOLUNTBER    AND     MiLITART    FOBCBS    OF   AUS- 
TRALASIA. 

New  South  Wales 1,860 

NewZeabuDd 7,078 

Queensland 1,200 

South  AustraUa 1,880 

Tumania 848 

Victoria    8,850 

Western  Australia 700 

Grand  Total  16,405 


w. 


WALLSEND,  N.  S*.  W.  (incorporated) ;  first 
aldermanic  elections,  April  21,  1874. 

WAKBELL,  Dr.,  murder  of.  \8w  Bush- 
ranging.] 

WAR  VESSELS.   \Sw  Shipping.] 

WARWICK,  Queensland,  proclaimed  a 
mnnicipality,  May  25,  1861. 

WATER  SUPPLY. 

Mr.  Biubv  commenced  operations  for  convey- 
ing water  by  tunnel  from  Botany  Swamp  to 
Sydney,  September,  1827. 

Mr.  BlacKbonm,  City  Surveyor  of  Melbourne, 
planned  the  Yan  Yean  water  supply,  and  was 
first  consulting  engineer.   1850. 

First  sod  of  the  Yan  Yean  waterworks  turned 
by  Governor  La  Trobe.  December  20,  1853. 

Yan  Yean  waterworks  (under  a  Board  of 
Qovemment  Commissioners),  constructed  by 
M.  B.  Jackson,  finished  in  1857. 

The  "  Coliban  "  scheme  of  water  supply  com- 
pleted November  23,  1877.  \Sw  Sydney, 
Brisbane,  Melbourne.] 

WELLINGTON,  N.  S.  W.,  a  settlement  under 
Lieutenant  Percy  Simpson,  as  commandant, 
at  Wellington  Valley,  80  miles  from  Bathurst; 
founded,  February,  1823. 

WELLINGTON  N.  Z. 

Founded,  January  22,  1848. 

Governor  Sir  H.  Kobinson,  arrived,  March  27, 
1879.    [i9ee  New  Zealand.] 

WESLEYAN. 

First  class  meeting  held  in  Sydney,  N.  S.  W., 
February  7,  1812. 

Rev.  Samuel  Leieh,  first  minister  arrived  in 
Australia,  in  the  •'Hebe,"  August  16,  1816. 


304 


WESLEYAK. 


Eev.  B.  Caravossa,  second  minister,  arrived, 
1820,  holding  first  service  in  Hobart  Town, 
Anffost  18,  1820. 

first  prayer  meetins,  Hobart  Town,  at  which 
eight  persons  attended,  organised  by  ■  Mr. 
Benjamin  Nokes  and  Colonel  Waddy,  October 

20,  1820. 

First  chapel  opened  in  Macquarie-street, 
Parramatta,  April  21,  1821. 

Rev.  William  Horton,  first  resident  minister, 
arrived  in  Van  Diemen*s  Liand,  1S21. 

Rev.  John  Williams,  missionary,  preached 
the  anniversary  sermon  in  Sydney,  1822. 

Rev.  Ralph  Mansfield,  second  minister,  Ho- 
bart Town,  arrived,  1823. 

Rev.  G.  Erskine,  Rev.  B.  Caravossa,  Rev.  W. 
Walker,  Rev.  W.  Horton,  Rev.  W.  Lawry,  were 
ministers  in  New  South  Wales,  1825. 

First  chapel  opened  in  Hobart  Town,  Tas- 
mania, February  12,  1826. 
Chapel  at  Latmceston,  Tasmania,  opened,  1827. 

Rev.  William  Horton  sailed  for  England  from 
Sydney,  February  7,  1829. 

Rev,  W.  Horton  returned,  1832. 

Rev.  Mr.  Schofield  arrived  in  Sydney,  Decem- 
ber 14, 1835. 

First  Wesleyan  services  held  in  Port  Phillip, 
on  Batman's  Hill,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Orton,  of  Tas- 
mania, April,  1836. 

The  Revs.  Draper,  McKenny,  and  Lewis 
arrived,  August,  1836. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Waterhouse,  General  Superintendent 
of  the  Wesleyan  Missionaries  in  the  South  Seas, 
arrived,  November  27,  1838. 

The  first  chapel,  a  small  brick  building,  at  the 
comer  of  Swanston-street  and  Flinder's-lane, 
Melbourne,  built  by  Mr.  J..  J.  Peers,  1838. 

The  foundation  stone  of  the  Centenary  Chapel, 
in  York-street,  Sydney,  laid  by  Rev.  J. 
McKenny,  February  26,  1840. 

First  chapel  in  Melbourne  commenced,  Dec. 
30,  1840. 

Rev.  Samuel  Wilkinson,  first  resident  minister 
in  Melbourne,  arrived  from  Sydney,  April,  1841. 

Mr.  Edward  Stone  Parker,  Assistant  Protector 
of  Aboriginals,  rendered  important  services  to 
Victorian  Methodism,  and  was  present  at  the 
quarterly  meeting  held  July  23,  1841. 

The  Kev.  J.  B.  Waterhouse  arrived  in  Hobart 
Town,  Tasmania,  1842. 

The  Centenary  Chapel,  in  York-street,  Sydney, 
opened  for  Divine  Service,  February  14,  1844. 

The  Rev.  W.  B.  Boyce,  as  General  Superin- 
tendent of  Wesleyan  Missions,  with  several 
ministers  of  that  persuasion,  arrived  from  Eng- 
land by  the  ship  "  General  Hewitt,"  January 

21,  1846. 

Surry  Hills  Chapel,  Bonrke-street,  Sydney, 
opened,  1847.     • 

Foundation  stone  of  Pirie-street  Chapel, 
Adelaide,  laid  by  Sir  H.  E.  F.  Young,  July  1  6, 
1850.     Pirie-street  Chapel,  opened  Oct.  19, 1850. 

Foundation  stone  of  Lonsdale-street  Chapel, 
Melbourne,  laid  by  Sir  Henry  Barkly,  December 
2,  1856.  Lonsdale-street  Chapel,  Melbourne, 
costing  £26,000,  opened,  August  26, 1857. 


A  grand  bazaar  in  the  old  Exhibition  Build- 
ing, Melbourne,  opened  by  Sir  Henry  Barkly, 
Mareh  16,  1858.  [The  Bazaar  was  continued  for 
five  days,  and  produced  a  net  sum  of  £1,925.] 

Newington  College,  for  the  Wesleyan  denomi- 
nation, on  the  Parramatta  River,  near  Sydney, 
incorporated,  June  1,  1860. 

Rev.  W.  Taylor,  from  California,  arrived  in 
Melbourne,  in  the  P.  and  O.  Com^xany's  steamer 
"  Bombay,"  and  commenced  a  series  of  revival 
services  through  Victoria  and  N.S.W.,  1863. 

Wesleyan  College,  Adelaide,  opened,  July 
19,  1869. 

Powell  winff  of  Wesley  College,  Melbourne, 
completed,  JiUy  6,  1873. 

First  New  South  Wales  and  Queensland  United 
Conference  met  in  Sydney,  January  28,  1874. 

Cleveland-street  Chapel,  Sydney,  opened, 
1878. 

List  of  Ministers. 

New  BoiTU  Walks,  Qusexslakd,  akd  Fui. 

Watkin,  James,  Supemumeruy  (President,  1982)» 

Baimain 18S0 

Gaud,  Henry  H.,  Supernumeraiy  (President,  1867X 

ParramaUa 1SS& 

Hordiiiff,  Isaac,  SupGnmxncrary,  BrislMUie,  Queena- 

laud        1836 

Wilkinson,  Sanmel  (President,    1875),    8up«iia- 

merary,  Redfem        1S96 

Hurst,  George  (President,  1870  and  1878),  Susten- 

tation  So<netv,  Svdney        1839 

Chapman,  Benjamin  (President,  1872),  lUasionary 

Secretaiy         1845 

Waterliouse,  Jabes  B.  (President,  1870,  and  Secre- 
tary of  General  Conference),  Newcastle  . .        . .  1845 
Fletcher,  Joseph  H.  (President,  1874),  Newington 

CoUese 1847 

Oram,  Joseph,  Parramatta 1847 

Davis,  Walter  J.,  Sing^leton 1848 

Somcrrille,  Jas.,  Supemumeiaiy,  Lower  Hawkes- 

bury 1848 

Moore,  WUIiam,  Bahnain                           ..       •..  184» 

Bowes,  John,  Supernumerary,  Gunninr    . .        . .  1851 

Pickerinff,  George,  Supernumerary,  UUaduIla     . .  1851 

Clarke,  William  (President,  1877),  Chippendale  . .  1854 

Cumnw,  William,  Supernumerary,  Chippendale..  1854 

HIU,  WilUam.  Young 1854 

Kelynack,  William,  Sydney,  Bourke-street          . .  18S4 

YanderiListe,  R.  W.,  Supernumerary,  Sydney      . .  TB&i 

Dowson,  James  W.,  Panamatta       1856 

Fletcher,  William,  B  A.,  Chippendale                   ..  18S6 

Orton,  Richard  W:,  Oueanbeyan 1857 

Woolnough,  George,  M.A.,  Ashfield 1857 

Langham,  Frederick,  Bau,  Fiji        1858 

Marthi,  George.  Sydney,  York-street                    . .  1858 

Stephenson,  William  G.  R.,  Grafton 1858 

Caldwell,  Richard,  Windsor 1850 

Baker,  Shirley  W.,  Nukualofa,  Tongataba . .        . .  1800 

Brown,  Geoige,  New  Britain 1860 

Firth,  Frank,  Waverley         1860 

Nolan,  James  A.,  Orange        1860 

Tait,  Francis,  Goulbum         1860 

Wilson,  William,  Hudgee       1860 

Clifton,  John,  Gunning          1861 

Olden,  Charles,  Sydney,  Glebe         186S 

Phillips,  James,  Tkmworth 1862 

'    Pinoombe,  Henry  W.  T.,  Wollongong                  . .  1862 

Sdlors,  Richard,  Queensland 1883 

Wiles.  Charles,  Camden          iSBH 

Woodnouse,  Henry,  Kiama 186S 

BrentnalL  Frederick  T.,  Brisbane,  Queensland    . .  1863 

Bourne,  William  E.,  Maitland          186S 

George,  William  H.,  Bathurst          186S 

Moulton,  James  E.,  Visiting  England                  . .  I86S 

Stead,  Charles,  St.  Leonardos 186S 

Watkin,JabezB.,Murrurundi         lB6a 

Fison,  Lorimer,  Navuloa,  Fiji          1864 


WESLEYAN 


305 


G«rdiner.  John,  Bftthunt      1604 

Lane,  Goonra,  Sydney,  Bourke-itreet                  . .  1864 

M&dgwick,  Edward  D.,  Penrith        1864 

Rabone,  WOliamT.,  Dubbo 1864 

Bobcon  John,  iMwich 1864 

Rooney,  Isaac,  Rawa,  Fiji 1864 

Austin  John  S..  Satupaitea,  Samoa 1865 

Pftrlcinson,  Matthew  H.,  Ipswich 1866 

Parsons,  Adln.  Maitland         1866 

Spence,  Joseph,  Kockhampton         1866 

Comer,  Kirton  A.,  Shoalharen        1866 

Hopkins,  Joaeph,  Oxafton       1866 

Hughes,  William  C,  Lower  Ctarenoe                  ..  1866 

Monahsn,  Joseph,  Wasga  Wagga 1866 

Bobson,  John,  IpewichT 1866 

Swift,  Alfred.  Hittagong        1868 

Wiles,  Henry,  Hay        1866 

Brown,  John  W.,  Armldale 1867 

J<^neon,  Bobert,  Crookwell 1867 

Maddem,  Matthew,  Maryborough 1867 

Minos,  Geoive,  Vavau 1867 

Osborne,  John,  Sydney,  Newtown 1867 

Waddell,  John  A.,  Oberon 1867 

Webb,  Arthur  J.,  Ovalau.  Fiji         1867 

Weston,  William,  Guunedah 1867 

Gamithers,  James  E.,  Bega 1808 

Leggoe,  John,  Lomaloma,  Fiji          1868 

Middleton,  James  O.,  Sydney,  York-street. .        . .  1868 

Allen,  Robert,  Brisbane         1869 

Jones,  Charles,  Dcniliquin 1860 

Gray  Maurice,  Macleay  Riyer           1870 

Lindsay.  William  W.,Viwa,  Fiji 1870 

M'Michael, Thomas R,  Parkes         1870 

Moore,  John  W..  Ulladulla 1870 

Orr,  John  F.,  Gympie 1870 

Rodd,  Edward  J.,  Orange 1870 

TViylor.  WUJiam  O. ,  Maiming  River 1870 

BeaK  William  a,  Stanthorpe         1871 

Woolnough,  James,  Wallaend          1871 

Yotmgman,  Henry,  Adelong 1S71 

Moore,  Thomas,  Kandavu       1871 

Glawon,  William,  Rockley 1872 

Meek,  Benjamin  J  ,  Teiiterfleld         1872 

Glasson,  Ou^taTus  R.,  Tass    . .          1873 

Mathicson,  James,  Upolu,  Samoa 1873 

Bellhouse,  Robert  E.,Hitl  End        1874 

CUpsham,  Paul,  Warwick       1874 

Gibson,  Thomas IL,  Braidwood        1874 

Hennessey,  John  D.,  Toowoomba 1874 

Jor>%  John  D.,  Lakemba       1874 

McCoy.CharleiiJ.,Inveren 1874 

East,  Richard,  Cootamundra 1875 

Reeve,  George  A..  Carcoar 1875 

Bodgers,  W.  Halse,  Duugog 1876 

Rutfedge,  William  W.,Newtown 1876 

Wall,  William,  Brisbane         1876 

WiUiams,  William  H.,  Charters  Towers     ..        ..1875 

Fox,  Ebeneeer,  Molong          1876 

Graham,  Charles  W.,  Burwood        1876 

Oldmeadow,  Henry  C,  Tongatabu 1876 

Allen,  Harry,  Urana 1877 

Collier,  John  W.,  Logan         1877 

Tajior,  John  G ,  Goulbum 1877 

Terrey,  Caleb,  Moniya 1877 

Thompson,  Gustavus,  Sydn^         1877 

Toungman,  Edward,  Missionary  Committee        . .  1877 

Pinning,  William,  Townsrille          1878 

Duesbury,  Frank,  Newcastle 1878 

Hotston,  Sydney,  Bombala 1878 

King,  Edward,  Richmond  River       1878 

Native  Minittert  in  eonneetUm  wUk  New  Soitth  Walee 

aniQatendand 

VI,  Peter,  Lifuka          1861 

lAtu,  John,  Hihifo       1852 

Kata,  David,  Nukualofa         1864 

Tkkelo,  Eleaxer,  Bau 1865 

Lagi,  Ellas,  Tugua        1866 

Bawaidranu,  Isaac,  Vuda        1857 

Ahogalu,  Barnabas,  Manono            1858 

Ravai,  Julias,  Yasawa 1860 

Afu,  Daniel,  Lakemba 1861 

Nokilevu,  Joseph,  Supemomenuy 1861 

Fanbula,  John,  Nelafu 1862 

Havoa,  James,  Lomaloma 1863 

I^cakibau,  Mark,  Bega       1863 

u 


Bai,  CUeb.  Wairiki 1864 

Nau,Joel,  Eua 1804 

Nauhamea,  David,  Muala       1864 

Batubua,  Joeeph,  Ba 1864 

Tora,  Benjamin,  Serua 1864 

Vutikalulu,  William,  Gau       1864 

Bula,  Elieser,  Naduri 1866 

Havea,  Jotbam,  Utulau         1866 

Nowesita.  Samuel,  Ono 1866 

Ralawa,  Philemon,  Rakiraki 1866 

VunUogoloffo,  Isaiah,  Terata 1866 

Fifl,  Melch&edec,  Makorotubn        1867 

Kaibure,  Abel,  Nakelo 1867 

Nadavo,  Cornelius,  Biaugunu 1867 

Naucukidi,  Silas,  Nalakada 1867 

Tamanidrove,  Zaooheus,  Nasavtt 1867 

Yula,  Malachi,  Naitasiri  1867 

Be,  Thomas,  Bua 1868 

Fuji,  Wickllffe,  Bea 1860 

Tikula,  PhUip,  Niuafoou  I860 

Mawi,  Thomas,  Noco    '. 1870 

Nasili,  Isaiah.  Koro 1870 

TMifk,  Melchisedec,  Tuanekivale 1870 

Kalou.  FeUx,  Nakasaleka       1871 

Ratudina,  Jeremiah,  Rewa 1871 

Vakameld,  Micah.  Lekutu 1871 

KaufuJi.Ab«l,Mua 1872 

Yaganalau,  Aquila.  Yiwa       1872 

Yakalologo,  Joel.  Wairaaro 1872 

Yono,  Ishmael,  Kabara  1872 

Yono.  Matthias,  Wailevu        1872 

Liwaliwa.  MiMies,  Yatukarasa 1878 

Mudu,  Timothy,  Rotnma        1873 

Rauluni,  Titus,  Matailobau 1873 

Tunidau,  Melchizodoc,  Tavuki  1878 

Uluinaceva,  Jona,  Cicia  1873 

Gave,  Daniel,  Tokatoka  1874 

Maumau,  ApoUos,  Nluatobtttabtt 1874 

Naoeba,  Thomas,  Natewa       1874 

Seru,  Samuel,  I^vuka 1874 

UlukAvoro,  Kemuel,  Namena 1874 

Radravu,  Abishai.  Kaueva 1876 

Sera,  EzTA,  Nasauooko 1876 

Tallawaki,  James,  Nadroga 1876 

Yi.  Paul,  Haano 1876 

Kd toga,  Samuel,  Namosi        1876 

Tonga,  David,  Tubou  College 1876 

Tukotuka,  Paul,  Houma         1876 

Moala,  Meshullam,  Leimatua 1876 

Lagi,  WUUam,  Nomuka  1876 

Cokahbca,  Elijah.  Nairai         1876 

Cabe,  Samuel,  Namuka  1876 

Tubuna,  EUsha,  Wainimala 1876 

Falebabalagi,  Naboth.  Uiha  ..       1 1876 

Buludrau,  Isaiah,  Nalawa 1876 

Yunivalu,  Richard,  Drekete 1876 

Qaligaronro,  Naphtali,  Nadi 1876 

TUtua,  Sioeli,  Savaii 1877 

Taufa,  Auka,  Savaii 1877 

Baogo,  Jethro,  Foa 1878 

Latu,  John,  2iid,  Tongaleleka  1878 


Nbw  Zsalaxd. 

Aldred,  John.  Christchurdi. 
Armitage,  John,  Katapoi,  C. 
Baumber,  Wm.,  lAwrence,0. 
Bavin,  Ralnsfoitl,  Nelson 
Bech,  Wm.  Hy.,  Lyttieton 
Berrr,  Joseph,  Napier 
Bond,  Geoige,  Auckland 
Buddie,  Thomas,  Auckland 
Bull,  Henry,  Greymouth 
Bunn,  Robert  8.,  Kauaeranga,  A. 
Buttle.  Joeeph  N.,  Kuman,  Wd. 
Cannell,  Wm.,  Ranglora,  C. 
Garr  Thos.  Goodwin,  Balclutha,  O. 
Crump,  John,  Christchurch 
DewBDury,  Fred.  C,  Falmerston,  W. 
Dewsburj',  Henry,  Oomaru 
Ellis,  Henry,  Rangiora,  a 
Fairdough,  Paul.  Patea,  T. 
Fee,  Thomas,  Waimate,  C 
Fltehett,  Alfred  R.,  Dunedln 
Flamank,  Henry,  Hyde,0. 
Garlic,  Sam.,  Pukekoho,  A. 


306 


WESLETAS, 


OittoB,  Wm.,  Kaipan,  A 
Or^,  Jos.,  Tkpanui,  O. 
Hammond,  Tboa.  Q. ,  Hokiaiig%  A. 
Harper  Qwrge  S.,  Nelson 
Harper  Wharton  8. ,  Temuln,  C. 
HoDDs,  John,  Auckland 
Hudson,  John  Spinks,  Warkworth,  A. 
Isitt,  fYanda  Whitmore,  N.  Plymouth 
Keall,  Wm ,  Port  Chalmen,  O. 
Kirk,  Wm.,  Auckland 
Law,  John,  Manukau,  A. 
LaMTiy,  Samuel,  llaaton.  W. 
Lawnr  Henry  H.,  Auckland 
Lee,  William,  Wangmui 
Lewis,  John  J.,  Dunedin 
Luxford,  John  A.,  Christchureh 
Martin,  Wm.  B,,  Ashburton,  C. 
M'Nicoll,  David,  InveroftrgUl 
Morley,  Wm.,  Christohurch 
Nielsen,  Edward,  Norsewood    • 
Oliver,  waiiam,  Napier 
Beeve,  Thomas  F.,  Richmond 
Held,  Alex.,  Welltaigton 
Richardson,  John  B.,  Greytown.  W. 
Rish worth,  J.  8.,  Grovetown,  W. 
Bowse,  Wm.,  Nelson 
Schnackenbeiv.  C.  H.,  Bacrlan,  A. 
Shaw,  Joseph  T.,  Sandon,  W. 
Simmons,  Joseph  H. ,  Timaru 
Smalley,  Josepti  8.,  Chrlstehnrch 
Smith,  John,  Hokitika 
Stannard,  George,  Wanganui 

Stevenson,  W., 

Ta3-lor,  James  A.,  Bpringston,  C. 
Thomas,  Wm.  O.,  Hutt,  W. 
Wallis,  James,  Auc. 
Warren  John,  Onehunga,  A. 
Watkln.  Wm.  J.,  Cambridge,  A. 
Whewell,  John,  Remuera,  A. 
WUUama,  Wm.  J.,  Thomdon,  W. 
Worher,  Wm.  W.,  Leeeton,  C. 
Clover,  James,  New  Plymontl),  T. 
Dean.  Wm.  John,  Invercaiigill 
Dumbell,  John,  Wellington 
Dutton,  Daniel,  F.R.A  8.,  AueUaod 
J^ynes,  Alfred  G.,  Wellingt(m 

Jones,  Peter  Wright> 

Nixon,  John, 

Potter,  Wm.  Smith,  ShefBdd,  C 

Sharpe.  Joseph, 

Standrm,  John,  New  Plymouth 
Tinsley,  Wm.,  Auckland 
Ward,  Charles  Ebeneser,  Donadla 
Waid,  JoHah,  Dunedin 
Westbrooke,  B.  J.,  Ashburton,  C. 
Ca^,  John  Allott,  Auckland 
Hodgson,  ThosL,  Addington,  ChelL 
Loekwood,  Walter,  Ranjiora,  C, 
UaclSurlane,  Samuel.  Ohch. 
PiKrhfa],  John,  Charleston,  N. 
Pendree,  John  Jeffrey,  Oxford,  0. 
Penney,  Charles,  Port  Chalmers,  O. 

Peters,  Alfred, 

Redstone,  Ifiuny  filake,  Wellington 
Taylor,  Robert,  Aoekland 
White,  Joseph,  Waipaiia 
WorboySrJohnWeueyy  Westpoit 

Natite  iftniffeft. 

Ngaropi,  Hamiorn,  Whatawhato  (Waipa) 

Patene,  Wiremu,  KarakHriU  (Waipa) 

Kote  Te,  Raupaki 

Waiti  Hoani,  Kaipara 

Warihi,  Hetanka,  Wellington 

KarawinijKaipam 

Bameka,  HokisDgft 

Hobbs,  John,  Supernumerary,  Auckland  . .  . .  1884 
Wallis,  James,  Supernumerary,  Auckland  . .  18S8 
Buddie,  Thomas  (President  1863, 1874),  Auckland  18S5 
Warren,  John,  Supernumerary,  Manukau  . .  1836 
Buller,  James  (President,  1866,  1875),  Super- 
numerary       1887 

Aldred  John,  Supernumerary,  (Thrlstehureh        . .  1880 

Staonard,  Oeoige,  Supernumerary,  Wanganui    . .  1844 


Lawiy,  Henry  H.,  Supemumeivy,  AucUa&d     ..  1845 

Kirk,  WUllam  (President,  1877),  Auckland  ..  1846 

Reid.  Alexander  (President,  187<0^  Wellii«tflii    . .  1848 

Snaekenberg,  C.  H.,  Raglan,  ftc 186S 

Whewell,  John,  Supernumerary,  Audtland         . .  1854 

Gittos,  WUUam,  Kaipam        1856 

Crump,  John  (Preaklent,  1878^  GhiistdinRdi      . .  967 

Watkin,  William  J.,  WattBKto  1867 

Bowse,  WUliam,  Nelson 1858 

Shaw,  Joseph  T.,  Manawata 1858 

Bunn,  Robert  8.,  Thames         1890 

Oannell,  William,  Ranglora 1861 

Smith,  John.  Holdtika  1868 

Fltchett^ted  B..  Dunedin ^        ..  U68 

Moriey,  William,  Christohurch  ..        ..  1868 

Ttfcylor,  James  A  ,  Springston  1868 

Harper,  George  8.,  Supernumerary,  Ni38i»        ..  1864 

Lee,  William,  Wanganui        1864 

Richardson,  John  B.,  Greytown  ,..  1864 

Bisbworth,  John  8.,  Blenheim         1864 

Bavin,  Bainsford,  Nelson        »  1866 

Berry,  Joseph,  Supemumenry,  Napier    -.        ..  U06 

OUver,  WillLun  a,  Napier 1867 

Bull,  Henry,  Greymouth        

Law,  John,  Manukau 

M*Niooll,  David,  InvercaigiU 

Smalley,  Joseph,  Chriirtchurdi        

Thomas,  WiUfam  O.,  Butt 

Beck,  William  H.,  LytUeton 1869 

KeaU.  William,  Port  Chahneis         1868 

Stmmonds,  JoMph  H.,  Tlmani        1860 

Idtt,  Francis  W.,  New  Plymouth 1870 

Lewis,  John  J.,  Dunedin        ^.  1870 

WUllams,  William  J.,  Wellington 1870 

Bond,  Geoige,  Auckland        1871 

Oarr,  Thomas  G.,  Baldutha    ..      :r« 1871 

Dewsbuiy.  Heniy  B.,  Oamani  1871 

Harper,  Wharton  a,  Temuka  1871 

Mkrten,  William  B.,  Ashburton        1871 

Dewsbuiy,  Frederick  C,  Maaatvatu  ..  1873 

Falrdough,  Paul,  Patea         1874 


Sooth  AnREALU. 

Bickford,  James  (President,  1868,  1875),  Super- 
numerary       1838 

Baston,  Thomas,  Supernumerary,  Adelaide        . .  1841 

Lowe,  William,  York,  Western  Australia  . .        . .  1844 

ttack,  Hans.  Strathalbyn        1854 

Lane,  Charles,  Adelaide,  Archer-street  . .  18S6 

laurance,  Thomas  C,  Supernumerary,  Addalde. .  18&6 
Uoyd,  Thomas  (President,  1878),  Addaide,  Piiie* 

street . .  *  •_  -  *        •  *  V^^ 

Knight,  Samuel  (Preddeut,  1877),  Kent  Town    ..  1857 

Lee,  George,  Clarendon  ..        1867 

Patchell.  George  W.,MJL,Wmuaga.  ..  1857 

Worth,  William  8:,  (}er»ldon 1857 

Burgess.  Henry  T.,  Kapunda 1850 

Oudy,  Robert  S.,  Adelaide,  Pirle<treet    . .        . .  1850 

Goldsmith,  Charles  H.,  Auburn       1859 

Allen.  JamM,  Mount  Barker 188S 

Edmeades,  Thomas,  Melroee 1862 

Stephenson,  Jabet  E,  Moonta         tUH 

Stubbs,  Albert,  Mount  Gambler 1863 

Hunter,  Robert  M. ,  Adelaide,  Aftbei^str^et        . .  1865 

Newman,  Charies  T.,  Clara 1865 

Simpson,  James  T.,  Gftwler 1B66 

traylen,  William.  Perth,  Western  Austmlln       . .  1866 

Haslam,  James,  Port  Adelaide        1867 

Nicholson,  Joseph,  Moonta 1868 

EdwiMTds,  Benjamin  O.,  Port  Pbie 1869 

ODonnell,  David,  Kent  Town  1869 

Read,  James,  Goolwa 1869 

Thomas,  Paul  C,  James  Town         1869 

Withingfton,  Samuel  T.,Kadina       1860 

Campbell,  Robert  W.,  Kooringa 1870 

Trevorrow,  John  H-,  Port  Lincoln 1870 

Bogle,  Archibald  J.,  Glenelg 1871 

Bowe.  Thomas  M.,  TankaliUa  1872 

carter,  WiUiam  T.,  Gumeracha        1873 

Kelly.  Robert.  Port  Wakefleld         1873 

Langsford,  John  D.,  Palmerston       187S 

Prior,  Samuel  F.,  Brryugfafton  1875 

Langsford,  WUliam  A,  Port  Augoata  ..  1876 

Teaffue,  H.  Henwood,  Laura  1878 

Thomas,  T.E;ggleston,B.A.,MaitIaiid       ..        ..  1876 


Uulon,  Wmlta  H.,nncr<rta 
Junw,  JohnKB,  Ai  * 
Hutin,  Thomr-  *" 
HUH  John  v.. 
HoooriBlte,  ^ 


Adaatcm,  Thian*,  DirlMtDrd 
Albiiton,  Jowph,  WanuuDbool 
AiHpr^,  TbofUki,  Albary 
rtnnjir  PiTlrl  lIurbontiKfa  ^ 

lakar^eaiT,  Halbminv  (BurtbDtii) 
Bftth,  Henrr.  BkUant  (l7^uii->tBHt) 


BnaaH,  Wl 
BkMwAKc 


■dS..  8i 


lOBi, 

ia(Wi 


BkhdUdv,  WlUiiKn  E. ,  HonhuD 
BRnra.  Bilph,  UiUuana  (BnonrickJ 
Bnwn,  Robsrt,  Dclonlos 
Bnini,  WUIiui,  BillhJ 
Baite  K.,  Hntio 


Boite  K.,  Hntio 
Binrii^  WUUUD,  Bli 

Butuia,  Vllllui  ISupi 


CMUnll.  John,  KniMsa 
OlrtMli,  Botnlt  W.,  Sals 
Cooks,  R.  OibotM,  St.  Am 


Coi,  BdwBRi  T.,  B*.  KUds 

Criip,  Juno  W.,  Enwnld  HUl  (Sudlido) 
Dm,  Joaph,  Hd' ""^ '•- ' 

Dt  Quit,  E  Clea 


ateut,  Rnbmn 

„ 1 1>^  OnioiK  W«M 

OBbwJCT  Chortii,  fcnifA 
DnoD,  HMtbl.  BMdiwgltti 
Ed|^,  AlenDdsr  Botxrt,  rosI*w«Kl 
BntMhHi,  J.,  (OupMUUUWHirTX  BitehtDD 
nidMr,  Klchud,  OcdoDt:  Bart 
Sitahctt.  WUIIunH.,  B.A..  Budhnnt 
Flockut,  RoboitC.,  CliuiH    ..                  . 
Grahun,  June*.  HkD^ton 

J',  ArehJt^,' 


Hutsun.  John,  aula 

But.  RlEbud.  Stowall  

Harwutl,  Georga  T.,  (finpoRiunianbiT) 
Bonlcv,  John  t.,  Halhowna  (HoiUi  Malbounie) 

Hutchbon.  JuML  PorMBod 

HulchixKi,  HHirTK.,Oiwi 

IiWMmDl  Cluittaa  U.,  DiT*d»la       

iBUbim,  J,  11  A.,  Sl^llli  (^rton) 
IiWlla,  Aodnw,  Hn>b»tB 
ImniMit,  Hmmal,  {BupwniMm 


lAneutcr,  Chulea,  Brigtitoi 
LsUe,  J.,  Pnuhunt 
UghtbodT,  Wlltlun,  maaamiB 
UiOmi^ni  B.,  BHvfaik 


Loira,  Juki,  iW  A1 

Il'Cun,  JonMbun  P.,  BunbafT 
HKdoiwhill,  John  C,  Wl«>tEi 
Manluil,  Juam  A.,  a«m 
Uarrtmui.  Uenn  E, 
""'~l,Johnq^C- 


Hy«,E. 


Qukb,  WilUun  A.,  BaUui 

Beid,  WilUun,  El  txmdo 

Blgr,  AUnd,  Ballual  (Samtspol) 

B^n,  Juoat  da  a,  H.  A.,  Oadnir  Wcat 

IlDjca,  Juua  S.  H  ,  Cotao 

fiutmr,  Hani7.  Baiulla 

Schoaaid,  GeorgB,  KUtmn* 

Saccotpba,  Jnhn,  Talbot  uid  Amhnnt 

Symgoi,  John  6.,  (HuptrmwiaiaiyX.  St.  Kllda 
n^ylor,  Ehanaiar,  Hoih  MIhIob,  &lllrii«ood 
Thomu,  Edward,  Alanndm 


Turner,  ^odah  a.,i ^ *- 

tjiher.  Palw  R.  C.  nwton 

Walertuune,  Joaaph.  (SupaniunHnrT),  GMlopg- 

WiUta),  Edward  j!,  «.  UMa 

Wattford,  Joba,  Hone  HUahn,  Ylctoita 

Walaford.  Janua  J.,  (Suparaiunerarj),  Metbourao 

Wangb,  Jamei  B. ,  Wealij  Colltse,  Malbounia 

Weill,  Wmiam  P.,  Bmanld  HiiT 

White,  Joaeph,  Richmond 

WIUiaDU,  Spencer,  Oalden  Bqnwe,  Ekodlnint 

wnUanu,  Thomai,  ^upamiunarai7),  Cnawtok 

WUUuuB,  WlUlasi,  Balrnadale 

WoodaU,  William,  (SnparmuneniT),  HaUso 

Wykea,  Wilihum  Rafwood 


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67,«7* 

B.sai 

308 


WESTERN  AUSTRALIA. 


pRiMirmi  McTBomm. 
Clerffymen. 

Adams,  William,  Inverleigh 
Addlaon,  John,  Rockhampton 
AUea,  Robert,  Oedong 
Athony,  Chas.,  Sandhunt 
Ashmead,  Jabei,  Parramatto 
Bail«jr,  A.  R,  Ipawleh 
Bracewell,  Smb.,  Creawick 
Buokle,  Joseph,  Muyborougfa 
Card,  Albert,  Brisbane 
Clarke,  Michael,  Melboume 
Clover,  James,  Kew  Plymouth 
Cole,  Henry.  Hobart  Town 
Copeland.Thos.,  Stawell 
Cook,  WiUiam,  Adelaide 
Daddon,  Robt  J.,  Adekdde 
Davies,  E.  E.,  Qawier 
Dean,  Wm  J.,  Invereargill 
Dunent,  Wm. ,  Two  Wells 
Dobson.  Jos.  s.,  Newcastle 
Dmnbell,  John,  WeUington 
Dutton,  D.  F.,  Oamaru 
Fonon,  John  A.,  Sydney 
Fuller,  Edward,  Maryborough 
Gelbey,  Saml.,  Madeav  River 
Gould,  Wm.,  TVuTisguIla 
Goodwin,  J<Hin,  Adelaide 
Gray,  Saml.,  Broufl^ton 
Grey,  Geo.,  Melboume 
Hartley,  Robt.,  Rockhampton 
Harris,  Walter,  Christchurch 
Heathershaw,  H.,  Gastlemaine 
Holmes.  Henry,  Wallaroo 
Hunt,  W.  BalUrat 
Jarrett,  Thos.,  Gambierton 
James,^  Geo.,  Sydney 
Jenkin,  Wm.,  Koonga 
Jennings,  R.,  Sydney 
Jeynes,  A.  G.,  Wellington 
Jones,  P.  W^  Manawata 
Keams,  J.  F.,  Melboume 
Kennv,  B.^'allsend 
Kingdon.  Wm.,  Camden 
litngham,  Josroh,  Penguin 
Long,  Josieph,  Sale 
MarUn,  J.  H..  Saddleworth 
Masterman,  E.,  Adelaide 
M'Naught,  Wm.,  Ipswich 
Newell,  R ,  Hamilton 
Nixon,  John,  Thames 
Nicholi,  S.  J.,  Broughton 
Oglethorpe,  J.  Penguin 
Penman,  John,  Svdney 
Pickering,  C,  Melboume 
Pithouse,  J.  T.,  Horsliam 
Pope,  Henry  J.,  Gawler 
Potter,  W.  8.,  Greendale 
Powell,  Wm. ,  Brisbane 
Ravmond,  S.,Queenstown 
Richards,  S.,  Kilmore 
Richardson,  Henry,  Talbot 
Robinson,  Hennr,  Hamilton 
Robinson,  F.,  Melbourne 
Salmon,  J.  L.,  Wal'aroo 
Senior,  Wm.,  Woodside 
Sharpe,  Joseph,  Ashburton 
Sinden,  F..  Eaglehawk 
Smith,  Joshua^  Beaufort 
Smith,  M.,  Syonev 
Smith,  Geo.,  Goulbum 
Snook,  Wm.,  Benalla 
Sparling*  WnL,  Morpeth 
Spalding,  J.,  Young 
Staudiin,  J.,  New  Plymouth 
Stuads,  J.,  Mudgee 
l^Ilack,  J.,  Saddleworth    . 
Tear,  E.,  Mount  Barker 
Thj^tcher,  T. ,  Ipswich 
Tinsley,  W.,  Auckland 
Watts,  Geo.,  Geelong 
Ward,  C,  Thnaru 
Ward,  J.,  Dunedin 
Waters,  C,  Goulbum 
Walton,  W.  H.,  Ounpbellfleld 
Wayhmd,  J.  S.,  Two  Wells 


Webber,  J.,  Toowooinba 
Weir,  Irving,  SaUsbury 
Wellington,  8.,  Mount  Barker 
Westbrooke,  A.  W.,  Kapunda 
Williama,  J.  H.,  Saddleworth 
WilUams.  Jaa.,  Briabane 
IKOUis,  Chaa.,  Bownl 
Wright,  J.  O.,  Wallaioo 
Wrtgfat,  J.  Qea,  BaUant 
ToKUton,  W.  H.,  Longfofd. 

WESTERN  AUSTRALIA. 

Major  Lockyer  left  Sydney  with  »  gmng  of 
prisoners  to  found  a  settlement  on  the  wot  coast 
of  Australia,  1825. 

Expedition  under  Colonel  Stewart,  in  the 
"Fly,"  sloop  of  war,  and  brigs  "Dragon"  and 
"Amity,"  left  Sydney,  with  soldiers  from  the 
3rd  and  39th  Kegiments,   and  a   number   of 

frisoners,  for  King  Qeoige*s  Sound  and  Western 
^Ort,  to  tiJce  possession  of  these  places,  1826. 
[Arrangements  were  made  for  M^or  Lockyer'a 
expedition  party  to  remain  at  King  Geoige's 
Sound,  and  Captain  Wright  and  Lieutenant 
Burchill  to  remain  at  W^tem  Port  W.  £L 
Howell  was  also  attached  to  the  expedition  to 
Western  Port.  Major  Lockyer  formed  a  settle- 
ment  called  Albany,  and  in  1830  this  military 
post  was  transferred  to  Swan  River.] 

Memorial  presented  to  Sir  George  Murray. 
Principal  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies, 
from  Thomas  Pell,  Sir  Francis  Vincent,  Mr. 
Edward  W.  H.  Schenley,  and  Mr.  T.  Potter 
Maoqueen,  to  colonise  Swan  River  within  four 
years,  wiUi  10,000  men,  women,  and  children 
from  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  on  condi- 
tion the  Home  Government  would  give  them 
grants  of  land  to  the  value  of  £300,000,  at  Is.  6d. 
per  acre,  November  4,  1828.  [The  proposal  was 
assented  to,  but  afterwards  modified.  On 
December  6,  1828,  one  million  acres  were  pro- 
mised conditionally.  On  January  28th,  1829, 
the  project  was  abandoned.] 

Captain  James  Stirling  accepted  100,000  acres 
of  land  from  the  Home  Government  as  a  gratuity 
for  his  services  in  exploring  West  Australia. 
The  site  he  chose  was  Isle  Buache,  December  26, 
1828. 

Mr.  Thomas  Pe^Vs  proposal  to  the  English 
Government  accepted  January  28,  1829.  [The 
€k>venmient  granted  him  a  tract  of  one  million 
acres  in  West  Australia  on  certain  conditions : 
250,000  acres  were  to  be  given  him  on  his  land- 
ing 400  persons  at  Swan  Kiver.l 

Captam  James  Stirling,  R.N.,  of  H.M.S. 
"  Challenffer,"  appointed  mrst  Governor,  and  G. 
Brown,  £q..  Colonial  Secretary,  January  13, 
1829. 

West  Australia  proclaimed  a  British  colony  at 
Freemantle,  June  1,  1829. 

First  Settlement  at  Swan  River,  August^  1829. 

A  river  called  the  Murray  disoovered  25  miles 
south  of  Freemantle,  November,  1829. 

There  were  in  West  Australia*  850  inhabit- 
ants, owning  525,000  acres  of  land  ;  also,  70 
horses,  204  cattle,  598  sheep,  176  pigs,  accord- 
ing to  Census  of  January  17«  1830. 

P.  Brown,  Colonial  Seoretary,  January  17, 
1830. 


WHALINO— WINE. 


309 


Major  Lockyer  abandoned  Albany  and  re- 
moved the  setUement  to  Swan  River,  1831. 

The  colony  contained  about  1,600  people,  who 
had  cultivated  nearly  1,000  acres  ol  land,  and 
owned  about  4,000  sheep,  1834. 

Legislative  Council  of  West  Australia  ex- 
tended, January,  1839. 

Governor  John  Hutt  proclaimed  at  Perth, 
January  2,  1839. 

First  steamship  arrived,  December  4,  1845. 

Simdalwood  first  exported,  June  13,  1845. 

Arrival  at  Freemantle  of  Right  Rev.  Henry 
Button  Parry,  D.D.,  new  Church  of  England 
Bishop  of  Perth,  May  20,  1877. 

WHALING. 

The  "Britannia,"  Captain  Thomas  Melville, 
which  had  brought  convicts  to  New  South  Wales, 
was  the  first  ship  to  fish  for  whales  on  the  Aus- 
tralian coast.  She  returned  to  Port  Jackson 
from  a  successful  cruise  (having  left'  October  25, 
1791),  November  10, 1791.  [The  "Britannia"  was 
owned  by  Samuel  Enderley  and  Sons.] 

Frederick  Henry  Bay,  thefirst  whaling  ground, 
Tasmania,  1816.  [There  were  two  brigs,  owned 
respectively  by  Captain  Fane  and  a  negre  named 
Hagard.] 

The  largest  take  in  the  shortest  time  was  by 
the  "Grecian,"  Captain  Watson,  who  "tried 
out"  39  tuns  of  oil,  captured  in  three  days,  1816. 

Bay  whalinc  died  out  in  Tasmania,  1847. 

£2,600,000  IS  the  estimated  value  of  whale  oil 

exported  from  New  South  Wales,  from  1825  to 

1879.       Tasmania,     value    of    oil    exported, 

£1,200,000,  to  1878. 

Nan.— A  midflhlpman  and  three  sdlon  of  th«  "  Sirlus'* 
were  returning  up  Sydney  harbour  in  a  boat,  when  a 
wlnle  roee  bo  near  them  aa  to  almost  swamp  them.  The 
whale  rose  a  second  time,  underneath  their  boat,  capsiziiw 
It ;  by  this  acddent  three  of  the  occupants  were  drowneo, 
1790. 

WHARFS.  First  public  wharf  in  Sydney, 
caUed  King's  Wharf,  completed,  1813. 

WHOOPING  COUGH.    [See  Epidemics.] 

WIFE,  Sale  of.  An  occurrence  took  place  in 
the  settlement  of  New  South  Wales  which  caused 
much  indignation  to  the  colonists.  A  man  at 
Windsor  led  his  wife,  with  her  own  consent,  into 
the  highway,  with  a  halter  round  her  neck,  and 
offering  her  for  sale,  found  a  purchaser  for  her 
for  £16.  The  man  was  brought  to  trial  and  sen- 
tenced to  receive  50  lashes  and  to  hard  labour  in 
irons  for  three  months  ;  the  woman  was  sent  to 
Newcastle,  on  the  Coal  River,  as  it  was  then 
called,  and  the  purchaser  lost  his  money.  This 
had  the  effect  of  nipping  in  the  bud  this  species 
of  contempt  of  law  and  religion.    181 1. 

WILBERFORCE,  N.S.W.,  named,  Dec,  1810. 

WILDE.   See  ApponnrME    i .] 

WILLIAMS,  Mr.  Justice.    Retired  from  Vic- 
torian Supreme  Court  after  22  years*  service  as 
puisne  Judge,  April  30,  1874. 
[See  CoiTKT,  Supreme.] 


WILSON'S  PROMONTORY,  Victoria.  Mr. 
William  Wilson  was  an  officer  on  board  H.M.S. 
**  Reliance,"  Captain  Flinders,  of  which  Mr.  Bass 
was  surgeon.  After  passing  through  Bass's 
Straits,  so  called  after  the  doctor,  thoy  sighted 
the  headland;  and  left  the  ship,  in  the  cockboat, 
in  charge  of  Mr.  Wilson.  As  they  got  to  the 
small  beach  on  the  north  side,  he  jumped  ashore 
first,  the  point  where  he  landed  being  thence- 
forward called  "Wilson's  Promontory."  [Mr. 
Wilson  was  the  first  who  planted  the  Norfolk 
Island  pine  in  New  South  Wales,  viz.,  on  the 
shore  of  the  Parramatta  River.  His  son  was  the 
first  man  who  left  New  South  Wales  to  import 
draught  horses  from  England.]    1798. 

WINDMILLS. 

Thefirst  windmill  in  New  South  Wales  erected, 
September,  17d6. 

The  last  of  the  Sydney  WindmiUs  was  levelled 
to  the  ground.  It  was  situated  on  the  South 
Head  Road,  near  the  Waverley  toll-bar.  October 
1,  1878. 

WINDSOR,  New  South  Wales. 

Formerly  the  Green  Hills,  received  its  present 
name,  December  8,  1810. 

A  wooden  brid^  completed  over  the  South 
Creek,  1810.  [This  bridge  was  the  lar^t  that 
had  hitherto  been  constructed  in  the  Colony.] 

Foundation  stone  of  St.  Matthew's  Church 
laid  by  Ck^vemor  Macquarie,  October  11,  1817. 
St.  Matthew's  Church  opened,  Dec.  8,  1822. 

First  Circuit  Court  opened,  with  much  cere- 
mony, by  Mr.  Justice  Stephen,  August  10, 1829. 

First  execution  in  Winosor  of  a  man  named 
Thomas  Beylic,  for  breaking  into  the  house  of 
James  M'Cooly,  at  Mulgrave,  October  31,  1829. 

Bridge  over  the  Hawkesbury  opened,  August 
20,  1874.     [See  Fires  and  Floods.] 

WINE. 

Gregory  Blaxland  presented  (whilst  on  a  visit 
to  England)  with  the  ''Gold  Ceres  Medal"  by  the 
Society  of  Arts,  London,  for  wine,  the  produce  of 
his  vineyard  in  New  South  Wales,  June  2, 1828. 

Some  of  the  produce  of  the  Messrs.  Mac- 
arthur's  vineyard  was  sold  at  Calcutta,  beins 
the  first  appearance,  as  remarked  by  the  locu 
Press,  of  that  new  Australian  export  in  that 
market,  March,  1846.  [According  to  official 
returns  for  the  year  1845,  there  were  648  acres 
of  vineyard  throughout  New  South  Wales,  in- 
cluding thirty*seven  acres  for  the  Port  Phillip 
district;  the  produce  of  wine  amounted  to  54,996 
gallons,  and  of  brandy  to  1,433  gallons ;  214 
gallons  of  wine  had  been  manufactured  during 
that  year  at  Port  Phillip.] 

Mr.  Blake  introduced  New  South  Wales  wine 
mto  Victoria,  1860. 

First  real  Champagne  made  in  Australia  ex- 
hibited at  the  manufacturer's,  J.  T.  Fallon's, 
wine  cellars,  Albury,  N.S.W.,  Nov.  28,  1875. 

Messrs.  Moody  and  Lumsdaine  report : — 
"  The  natural  wines  of  the  northern  portion  of 
Victoria  develop  more  alcohol  than  natural 
wines  have  been  generally  considered   to  be 


310 


WOOL— WRECKS  akd  SHIPPnTG  DISASTERS. 


capable  of  doing,  and  range  much  higher  in  this 
respect  than  the  British  Customs  standard  of 
26  per  cent,  of  proof.  The  hichest  percentage 
•was  Albury  wine,  34- 1  per  cent.^'    Oct. ,  1 875. 

Quantity  of  wine  manufactured  in  Australia, 
1,868,355  gallons.     1878. 

WOOL. 

The  first  sample  of  wool  was  sent  to  England 
by  Mr.  Macarthur,  in  1803.  [It  was  inspected  by 
a  committee  of  manufacturers,  then  in  London, 
and  it  was  so  much  approved  of  that  Mr.  Mac- 
arthur appeared  before  the  Privy  Council,  and 
laid  before  it  his  plans  rendering  England  in- 
dependent of  foreign  countries  for  the  supply  of 
the  best  wools.  The  Privy  Council  adopted  Mr. 
Macarthur's  views,  and  with  its  encouragement 
he  purchased  from  the  merino  flock  of  George 
the  Third  two  ewes  and  three  rams,  with  which 
he  returned  to  New  South  Wales  in  1806,  ap- 
propriately calling  the  vessel  in  which  the  sheep 
were  embarked,  the  "Argo."  Such  was  the 
origin  of  the  rapidly  increasing  flocks  of  Aus- 
tra£a,  whose  wool  has  brought  as  high  as  10s. 
4d.  per  lb.  in  the  London  market,  and  "  which 
for  fineness  and  strength  is  pronounced  by  the 
best  judges  to  be  equal  to  any  Saxon  or  Spanish 
wool  imported  into  Britain."  A  grant  of  5,000 
(afterwards  increased  to  10,000)  acres  of  land 
was  ^ven  to  Mr.  Macarthur  by  the  Privy 
Council,  as  an  encouragement  to  him  to  persevere 
in  the  accomplishment  of  his  plans.  The  land 
selected  by  him  is  on  the  banks  of  the  Nepean 
(Cowpasture)  River,  on  which  a  herd  of  wild 
cattle  had  been  found  grazing  a  few  years  pre- 
viously, and  it  was  named  Camden  in  honour  of 
Lord  Camden,  one  of  the  Lords  of  the  Privy 
Council.] 

5241bs.  of  wool  exported  from  the  Colony,  1807. 

A  small  quantity  of  wool  sent  from  Tasmania 
to  England  by  Mr.  Henry  Hopkins ;  did  not 
pay  its  freight.     1819. 

79,2991bs.  of  wool  shipped  to  England,  1819. 

112,616  lbs.  exported,  1820.  [Highest  price  ever 
obtained  for  Australian  wool,  1  bale  sold  for  10s.  id. 
per  lb.,  belonging  to  Mr.  John  Macarthur.] 

Mr.  Macarthur  presented  with  two  large  gold 
medals  by  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Sussex  at  a  large 
meeting  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  for  importing 
into  England  wool,  the  produce  of  his  flocks  in 
the  Colony,  equal  to  the  finest  Saxony,  1822, 

First  wool-ship  sailed  from  Moreton  Bay  direct 
to  London,  February  16,  1851. 

First  cargo  of  wool  sent  down  the  Murray  by 
steamer,  October  1,  1853. 

TotAL  ExroET  or  Wool  for  ms  Axtstralun  Couamm  >- 


Colony. 

Wool. 

Value. 

Tears. 

lbs. 

£ 

New  South  Wales 

I,180,e6e,977 

76,605,002 

1826  to  1877. 

New  Zealand 

5S1 .478.041 

83,492,383 

1853  to  1877. 

Queensland 

23,080,485 

1,400.682 

for  1877  only 

South  Australia.. 

24,847,507 

1838  to  1877. 

Tasmania 

339,652 

for  1877  only 

Victoria    

1,806,305,123 

89,671,183 

1836  to  1877. 

Western  Australia 

276,000  1  for  1877  only 

WRECKS  AND  SHIPFIKG  DISASTERS. 

The  "  Btttevia,**  frigate,  Frands  Pehart  oapAain,  wrecked 
on  the  western  coast  of  New  Holland,  900  miles  north 
of  Swan  River,  at  a  place  known  a*  Houtman's  Afartd- 
hos,  in  latitude  28  deg.  south,  June  4, 1629.  (The 
"Batavia"  was  one  of  the  Dutch  fleet  of  eleven 
sail  that  left  to  take  possession  of  New  H<^laod.  She 
had  on  board  a  crew  of  about  200  men,  and  100  pae- 
eenireTs — men,  women,  and  children.  The  captain, 
after  the  wreck,  sailcxl  to  Batavia  for  assistance. 
Whilst  absent,  the  supercai^,  Jerom  Comelis,a8snmed 
command  of  the  shipwreckeid  people,  and,  with  a  band 
of  mutineers,  murdered  125  of  them ;  and  when  Pelsart 
returned  in  the  frigate  "Saardam,**  Comelis  bad 
formed  a  scheme  to  seuee  this  vessel  and  murder  the 
oiqttain.  Throng^  timely  warning  to  Pelaart,  given  by 
one  Mr.  Weybuthaps  and  his  men,  on  his  return,  the 
conspiracy  failed,  the  mutineers  were  killed  or  captured 
and  executed ;  and  after  riHsovering  some  of  the  chests  (tf 
silver  from  the  wrecked  vessel,  the  remainder  of  the 
crew  sailed  for  Java  at  the  end  of  September,  where 
they  arrived  safely.  Numerous  attempts  have  ainoe 
been  made  (one  at  least  within  the  post  fifty  years)  to 
recover  a  portion  of  the  "vast  quantity  at  eUver*  lost  in 
the"Batovla."] 

Wreck  of  the  Dutch  ship  "Veigulde  Dnke**  (Golden 
Drake),  Captain  Pieter  Alberts,  on  the  coast  oi  West- 
ern AusMia,  April  28, 1656.  [The  ship  had  on  board 
78,600  gueldens.  Of  195  perscms  on  board,  115  were 
drowned,  and  75  reached  tiie  shore ;  with  the  exception 
of  seven  of  these  latter,  who  reached  Batavia  in  a  dobX, 
the  others  were  never  afterwards  heard  of,  and  though 
several  attempts  were  made  the  money  ^ba  never 
recovered.] 

Wreck  of  the  "  Zeawick,"  near  a  group  of  islands  now 
called  Elvart's  Group,  March  5, 1727. 

*'  fUmouth,"  man-of-war,  of  fifty  guns,  on  her  voyage 
home,  ran  aground  on  a  mudbuik  on  the  coast  of 
Batavia,  1762.  [She  was  not  much  injured,  but  ooold 
not  be  got  off.  After  a  time  some  of  her  olBcers  and 
crew  quitted  her  in  the  vessel's  launch,  hoping-  to  reach 
England,  but  were  never  again  heard  at  The 
remainder  stayed  by  the  ship  for  eight  yeaa 
before  they  were  afforded  an  opportunity  of  being- 
taken  home.  Five  years  after  the  wreck.  Captain 
Wallis,  of  H.M.8.  "Dolphin,"  discovered  them, 
but  to  their  entreaties  to  be  taken  ammy,  told  tbem 
they  were  in  charge  of  the  wreck,  whidi  was  then 
rotung  to  pieces,  and  consequently  must  await  orden 
from  home,  and  for  upwards  of  two  years  more  these 
poor  fellows,  true  to  their  duty,  remained  by  the 
rotting  huU  of  Uieir  ship,  till  the  Dutch  Oovemm^at 
interfered,  and  sent  them  home  in  a  Dutch  ship.] 

The  "  Sirius,"  driven  on  the  rocks  at  Norfolk  Island, 
where  she  was  irrecoverably  lost,  Blanch  19, 1790. 

The  "  Sydney  Cove,"  whilst  on  a  voyage  from  India  to 
New  South  Wales,  was  wredced  at  Fumeaux  Uuid, 
in  Bass's  Strait,  Februozy,  1707.  [Mr.  Clarke,  the 
supercaigo,  the  chief  mate,  and  fifteen  men 
endeavoured  to  reach  Sydney  in  the  laundi,  but 
were  driven  on  shore  somewhere  to  the  south  of  Oqie 
Howe,  and  now  a  part  of  the  coast  of  Victoria.  These 
people  vrere  probu>ly  the  first  Europeans  to  land  «n 
Victorian  shores.  ] 

The  "  Cato"  wrecked  on  the  Barrier  Reef,  Aug.  17,  ISOB. 
[The  '*Cato"  was  bound  for  England,  sailing  in  oompa^y 
with  the  "  Porpoise,"  Captain  Flinders.  Both  vessels 
were  wrecked  ;  Flinders  made  his  way  back  to  Sydney, 
and  subsequentlv  rescued  his  eighty  companions,  wtM> 
were  living  on  the  Reef.] 

The  colonial  cutter  *<  Nancy"  lost,  April  18,  1806. 

Governor  King's  private  colonkJ  schooner  wrecked* 
April  22, 1806. 

The  ''Britannia  Ooodspeed"  wrecked  near  UiddletQK 
Shoals,  August  15, 1806.  Two  boats,  witli  the  cap<Hun, 
arrived  in  "  Cygnet,"  September  13.  One  beat-load 
perished. 

"  Contest,"  colonial  schooner,  wrecked  at  Port  Stephens, 
February  28, 1807. 

The  brig  "  Fox  "  caught  fire  at  Campbell's  Wharf,  now 
the  premises  of  the  A.  S.N.  Company,  Sydney.  She  was 
scuttled  and  saved  with  much  oanuige.  July  90. 190& 

The  *' Dundee,"  Oapt  Commragi,  from  India,  lort  at 
Hunter  River,  August  15, 1808. 

The  **  Eliza,"  colonial  vessel,  belonging  to  Mr.  Joseph 
Underwood,  lost,  July  14, 1811. 


WKEOKS  AND  SHIPPING  DISASTERS. 


311 


Tbe  eolonial  vmmIs  "  Sally  "  and  "  Boyd "  wrecked, 
July  16,  1812. 

Tbe  '*  Mercury,"  owned  by  Mra.  Mary  Rellly,  and 
*' Endeavour,"  owned  by  Ur.  Kable,  Junr.,  colonial 
schooners,  lost  at  Sboalhaven,  March,  1813. 

News  received  in  Sydney  by  the  ship  "  Elixa  "  of  the  loss 
of  the  ship  "  Manfiralore,^'  Oapt.  Earl.  She  had  sailed 
from  India  for  Port  Jackson,  and  founded  off  the 
coast  of  Sumatra.    July,  1813. 

Ten  persons  arrived  by  the  '*  Governor  Bli^h  "  from  an 
island  about  a  mile  and  a  half  distant  from  the  main- 
land of  New  Zealand,  left  there  by  the  brig*  *'  Active." 
Capt  Baden,  in  February,  1800.  I>ecember  23,  1813. 
The  vessel  has  never  since  been  heard  of. 

Hie  ship  "Three  B's»"  havin^r  on  board  thirty  casks  of 
powder,  took  fire  and  burnt  to  the  'nuter's  edge  in 
Sydney  Harbour,  May  20,  1814.  [Fourteen  pieces  of 
cannon  went  off,  to  the  great  danger  of  the  towns- 
people. Fortunately  the  wind  shifted  and  drifted  the 
ship  to  the  North  Shore.] 

The  **  Woodlark,"  Capt.  Lcary,  from  Sydney  to  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  wrecked  in  Torres  Straits,  six  persons 
being  drowned,  April  18, 1828. 

Tbe  "Herald"  wrecked  at  Uokianga,  New  Zealand, 
May  4, 1828. 

The  "  Enterprise,"  schooner,  wrecked  at  Hokianga,  New 
Zealand  ;  all  on  board  drowned.  May  6,  1828. 

Tbe  "  Dove  "  wrecked  at  Port  Stephens;  seven  lives  lost 
June  6, 1828. 

The  brig  "  Percenean,"  of  Sydney,  lost  at  Oampbeirs 
Island;  crew  saved.  October,  1828. 

Wreck  of  the  "  Columbine,"  on  her  voyage  from  England 
to  Australia,  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  May,  1829.  [She 
had  on  board  large  supplies  of  religious  books,  pamph- 
lets, and  tracts,  belonging  to  the  London  Wesleyan 
Missionary  Society,  for  the  use  of  the  missionaries  in 
the  Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  and  Tonga.] 

The  schooner  "  Hunter,"  of  Sydney,  lost  at  Entry  Bay 
Island,  Cook's  Straits ;  crew  saved-   June,  1829. 

The  sloop  **  Ply  "  lost  outside  Sydney  Heads,  and  three 
persons  drowned ;  two  saved.     October,  1829. 

The  "  Mermaid  "  colonial  government  cutter.  Captain 
Samuel  Nolbrow,  left  Sydney  for  Raffles  &y,  but  on 
entering  Torres  Straits  she  got  on  shore  and  was  lost, 
October,  1829.  [All  on  board  were  nved  upon  a  rock. 
In  three  dayn  the  "Swifture,"  Captain  Johnson, 
which  sailed  from  Tasmania,  hove  in  sight,  and  took 
on  board  Captain  Nolbrow  and  his  crew,  but  in  a  few 
days  she  got  on  shore  and  was  wrecked.  Two  days 
afterwards  the  "Ctovcmor  Ready,"  also  from  Tasmania, 
April  2,  passing  within  sight,  took  the  shipwrecked 
people  belonging  to  the  "  Mermaid  "  and  "  Swifture  " 
on  board,  but  was  itself  wrecked.  May  18,  at  3  p.m., 
but  all  the  people  were  saved  by  taking  refuge  in  the 
long-boats.  The  ship  "  Comet,"  also  from  T^uannania, 
soon  afterwards  took  the  whole  of  the  collected  crews 
of  the  lost  ships  "Mermaid,"  "Swifture,"  and 
"Governor  Ready^'  on  board,  but  was  herself  wrecked ; 
all  bands  were,  however,  saved.  At  last  the  "  Jupiter," 
from  Tasmania,  came  in  sight,  and  taking  all  on 
board,  steered  for  Port  Raffles,  at  the  entrance  to 
wheh  harbour  she  got  on  shore,  and  received  so  much 
damage  that  it  may  be  said  she  was  also  wrecked.  J 

Wreck  of  the  "  Marquis  of  Anglesea,"  from  Ltmdon,  at 
Swan  River,  W.A.,  November,  1829. 

The  "  Amphitrite,"  with  female  convicts  to  N.S.W.,  lost 
on  Boulogne  Sands ;  out  of  ISl  persons,  only  three 
were  saved.    August  30, 1883. 

At  the  King's  (Queen's)  Wharf,  a  vessel  named  the  Ann 
Jamieson,  whilst  discharging  her  cargo,  suddenly  blew 
up,  with  an  awful  explosion,  when  she  was  burnt  to 
the  water's  edge  and  sunk,  eight  lives  being  lost, 
November  30, 188& 

"Lady  Munro,"  from  Calcutta  to  Sydney;   of  ninety 

Sersonson  board,  not  more  than  twenty  were  saved. 
anuary9,1834. 

The  "Charles  Eaton,"  from  Sydney,  wrecked  on 
detached  reef,  Torres  Straits,  August  15, 1834. 

The  ship  "  Edward  Lombe,"  wrecked  at  Middle  Head, 
Sydney,  August  25, 1834.  [The  vessel  was  from  Lon- 
don, and  the  wreck  occurred  at  night  Twelve  persons, 
including  the  captain,  first  and  second  mates,  and 
suigeon,  were  lost,  and  seventeen,  including  one  lady, 
were  saved  1 

The  convict  ship  "George  III."  wrecked  in  D'Entre- 
casteaux's  Channel,  April,  1835.    [There  were  206  male 


prisoners  on  board,  of  whom  120  lost  their  lives. 
Several  shots  were  fired  amoqgst  the  prisonea,  to 
prevent  them  coming  on  deck.] 

Tbe  "Enchantress,"  Cs^tain  Roxburgh,  wrecked  in 
D'Entrecasteaux  Channel ;  one  passenger  and  all  the 
crew,  excepting  the  captain,  chief  officer,  andsuiigeon, 
were  lost.  June  17, 1835. 

The  "  Hive,"  with  prisoners  from  England,  wrecked  at 
Jervis  Bay,  1835. 

The  "  Neva  "  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's  Straits ; 
300  lives  loflt.     1835. 

The  brig  "  Stirling  Citstle"  wrecked  on  Eliza  Reef,  on  the 
northern  coast.  May.  21,  1836.  Mrs.  Ftazer,  \rifeof 
the  master,  and  six  of  the  crew  were  saved,  but  were 
detained  by  the  natives  for  three  months,  enduring  all 
the  time  the  must  dreadful  sufferings.  They  were 
rescued  by  Lieutenant  Atto  and  a  party  from  Moreton 
Bay,  and  brought  on  to  Sydney  by  the  revenue  cutter 
"  Prince  George." 

The  "  Ceres,"  colonial  steamer,  wrecked  near  Bungaree 
North,  August  20,  1836. 

The  "OelUbrand  and  Hessie"  lost  in  Port  Phillip,  De- 
cember 6, 1837. 

The  ship  "  Lucretia"  destroyed  by  fire  in  Sydney  har- 
bour, June  23, 1839. 

The  steamer  "King  William"  wrecked  at  Newcastle, 
N.S.W..  July  4. 1839. 

The  steamer  "Clonmel,"  Captain  ToUervey,  trading  be- 
tween Sydney  and  Melbourne,  totally  wrecked  at 
Comer  Inlet,  m  the  district  of  Port  Phillip,  January  3, 
1841.  [She  Mils  598  tons  burden,  had  lately  arrived 
from  England,  and  was  intended  for  the  Melbourne 
trade.  The  wreck  of  this  vessel  led  to  the  discoveiy  of  a 
splendid  grazing  country  adjacent  to  the  scene  ox  the 
disaster,  which  was  speedily  occupied.  She  had  TSjias- 
sengers  on  board,  all  saved.  A  passenger,  Mr.  W.  C. 
Robinson,  of  the  Union  Bank,  had  £3,000  in  notes  in  his 
charge,  and  on  the  occasion  they  were  stolen  or  lost.] 

The  "  Rebecca"  lost  on  King's  Island,  Bass'a  Strait ;  one 
life  lost.   1843. 

The  emigrant  vessel  the  "  Catanumi,"  bound  from 
Liverpool  to  Port  Phillip,  wrecked  off  King's  Island,  in 
Bass's  Straits,  when  414  lives  were  lost  and  9  saved. 
August  4,  1845. 

Tbe  "Isabella"  WTecked  off  King's  Island,  Basses 
Straits ;  no  livra  lost.   1845. 

The  cutter  "  Domain"  wrecked  at  Wilson's  Promontory, 
fourteen  lives  lost    April  11, 1846. 

The  steamer  "  Sovereign^'  wrecked  on  the  voyage  from 
Moreton  Bay  to  Sydney,  and  a  large  number  of  lives 
lost,  some  of  the  chief  colonists  oeing  amongst  the 
number  drowned.    March  11, 1847. 

The  "  TheUs,"  schooner,  wrecked  on  Point  Nepean  ;  four 
lives  lost.  May  26, 184& 

The  "  Sophia,"  brig,  from  Hobart  Town,  wrecked  on 
Point  Nepean,  May  31, 1848. 

The  "  Birkenhead"  sunk  off  Point  Danger ;  438  lives 
lost.   February  25, 1862. 

The  "  Earl  of  Cumberland"  (435  panengers)  wrecked  on 
Barwon  Heads,  June  18, 1852. 

The  "  Sacrunento"  wrecked  on  Point  Lonsdale,  April 
26,1853. 

Wreck  of  the  "  Scbombeig,"  April  26, 1853. 

The  "Rebecca"  lost  on  west  coast  of  Van  Diemen's 
Land  ;  Ckptain  Shephard  and  many  others  lost.  April 
29,1853. 

"  Boumeuf,"  Australian  emigrant  ship,  driven  on  shore 
on  the  Barra  Islands,  on  west  coast  of  Scotland  ;  Cap- 
lain  Bibby  and  six  lives  lost.   August  3, 1853. 

The  ship  "Dalhousie,"  800  tons  (Captain  ButterworthX 
which  left  London  forSydney  on  October  13  with  forty- 
eight  crew  and  twelve  passengers,  together  with  a  cargo 
vuued  at  £100,000,  wrecked  westward  of  Dungeness,  m 
the  English  Channel ;  all  on  board  but  one  perished. 
October  19, 1853. 

The  "  Monumental  City,"  an  American  steamer,  wrecked 
near  Gabo  Island,  whilst  on  her  passage  from  Svdney 
to  Melbourne,  when  thirty  lives  were  lost.  Charles 
Plommer,  by  swimming  ashore  with  a  rope,  saved  nine 
persons.  1853. 

The  "  City  of  Melbourne"  wrecked  off  King's  Island, 
Bass's  Straits  ;  no  lives  lost.   1853. 

The  "  Eclipse,"  brig,  wrecked  on  the  Richmond  River 
bar,  January  8, 1854. 

The  "Chatham,"  brig,  wrecked  on  Penhiyn's  Island, 
January,  1854. 


312 


WRECKS  AND  SHIPPING  DISASTERS. 


Tbe  *<  Sir  Henrr  Hardlnffe/'  from  Sydn^  for  Singapore, 
totallj  wrecked  near  Smoky  Oipe ;  ell  hands  aaved. 
June  ao,  1S64. 

The  "  Ningpo"  wrecked,  and  the  eiinivorB  rescued  by 
H.M.s7^TowJh."    1854. 

The  "  Brahmin  "  wrecked  onKlng's  Island,  Bass's  Straits ; 

'  no  lires  lost,  1854. 

The  "Waterwitch"  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's 
Straits,  no  lives  lost.  1854. 

The  '*  West  Whid  "  burnt  in  Hobson's  Bay,  February,  27, 
1854.  [The  captain,  William  Joy  South,  tried,  but  ac- 
quitted on  the  charoe  of  setting  the  vessel  on  fire.] 

The  **  Robert  Savers^  destroyed  by  fire  in  Darling  Har- 
bour, Port  Jackson.  1854. 

The  "Maypole"  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's Stiaits; 
three  lives  lost  1855. 

The  "WhisUer"  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's 
Straits ;  no  lives  lost    1855. 

The  "  Sea  Belle  "  left  Rockhampton,  with  Mr.  Norman 
Leith  as  a  passenger ;  after  calling  and  leaving  QIad- 
stone  was  never  h^rd  of.    March  f,  1857. 

The  *'  Dunbar,"  Captain  Green,  from  London,  wrecked 
at  the  Gkip,  near  South  Head,  Sydne}*.  August  20-21, 
1857.  [The  night  was  dark,  and  a  heavy  gale  from 
8.E.  was  blowing :  it  was  supposed  the  captain  mis- 
took the  Gap  (only  a  short  distance  from  the  Heads) 
for  the  entrance  to  the  port  Only  one  man,  John- 
son, escaped  to  tell  the  people  of  the  dreadful  occur- 
rence. The  total  number  of  persons  on  board  was 
ISO;  many  of  the  passengers  were  families  and 
individuals  returning  to  the  Colon  v.  A  number  of 
bodies  were  rocoverra,  and  received  a  public  funeral. 
On  tiiat  day  business  was  suspended ;  the  ships  in 
harbour  wore  their  flags  at  half -mast,  and  the  obsequies 
were  followed  by  many  thousand  citbEcns.  Johnson, 
the  survivor,  was  on  the  rocks  for  thirty  hours  before 
he  could  communicate  the  intelligence  of  the  disaster. 
The  carso  was  valued  at  £22,000.  ] 

The  "Lady  Binl"s.  ran  into  the  "Champion"  s.,  off 
Cape  Otway ;  the  "  Champion  "  sinking  In  five  or  six 
minutes  after  the  collision.    August,  1857. 

The  "  Catherine  Adamson  "  from  London,  wrecked  near 
the  Inner  North  Head ;  twenty-one  lives  lost.  October 
23, 1857. 

The  barque  "  Magda,"  Captain  Osterbcerg,  from  Gee- 
long  to  Batavia,  wrecked  on  Melville  Island,  near  Port 
Essington,  June  1, 1858.  [Nine  men  went  away  in  a 
boat  with  four  blacks,  near  Port  Essington,  and  were 
not  heard  of  afterwards.  The  captain  and  remainder 
of  the  crew  were  picked  up  by  the  "  Shamrock " 
schooner,  Qiptain  Pimmels,  from  Timor,  and  brought 
to  Sydney  in  the  latter  part  of  July.] 

Wreck  of  "  Pomona,"  emigrant  ship,  April  20, 1830. 

The  as.  "Admella,"  Captain  McEven,  on  a  voyage 
between  Adelaide  and  Melbourne,  wrecked  off  Cape 
Northumberland,  August  6,  1S59.  [Out  of  nearly  a 
hundred  people,  twenty-four  were  rescued  after  a 
week's  suffering.] 

The  "  Royal  Charter,"  s.  a,  Captain  Taylor,  fh>m  Aus- 
tralia, totally  wrecked  off  Moefra,  on  the  Anglesea 
coast  440  lives  lost  Night  of  Oct.  25  and  26, 1850. 
[The  vessel  contained  gold  valued  between  £700,000 
and  £800,000,  much  of  which  has  been  recovered.] 

The  "  Melbourne"  s.s.  wrecked,  November  10, 1850. 

The  "  Blenvie  Castle  "  sailed  from  London  Docks  for 
Adelaide,  lost  in  the  Channel,  and  all  on  board,  57 
persons.    Last  seen  on  December  25, 1859. 

The"  Firefly"  wrecked  whilst  going  north  to  form  a 
depot  on  the  Albert  River.  1830.  [On  board  was  Mr. 
Wm.  Lsndsborough,  in  charge  of  a  party  who  set  out 
in  search  of  Burke  and  Wills.] 

The  "  Wanderer  "  wrecked  at  Cape  Barren,  July  17, 1861. 

The  "  Ocean  Chief  "  CapUin  T.  Brown,  set  flre  to  and 
destroyed  at  Bluff  Harbour,  Invercargill,  N.Z., 
January  23, 18G2. 

Steamer  "  City  of  Sydney  "  wrecked  near  Green  Cape, 
November  5. 1862. 

H.M.S.  "Orpneus,"  steamer,  new  vessel,  1,700  tons. 
Commander  Burnett^  wrecked  on  Iklanakau  bar,  west 
coast  of  New  Zealand.  70  persons  saved:  about  190 
souls  perished.    February  7, 1863. 

The  "  Princoza,"  brig,  141  tons,  wrecked  on  South 
entrance  to  Moreton  Bay,  March  16, 1863. 

The  "  Everton,"  004  tons,  with  railway  plant,  driven 
ashore  at  Moreton  Island,  (Queensland,  and  became 
total  wreck,  March  19, 1363. 


The  "  Acada,"  barque,  of  818  tons  burthen,  wrecked  on 
the  south  heads  of  Holdanga,  N.Z.,  July  29, 186S. 

The  "Antagonist,"  with  horses  to  the  value  of  £1,000, 
and  stores  £2,500,  wrecked  on  Given  Islet  Beef,  Msy 
14,1863. 

Hie  "  Mimosa,"  steamer,  belonging  to  the  I.S.N.  Co., 
totally  lost  on  her  voyage  fh>m  Merimbula  to  Svdney, 
OctoMr  15, 1863.  [Sne  was  uninsured,  and  valued  at 
£11,000 ;  two  lives  were  lost] 

The  "  T.  S.  Mort,"  steamer,  timber  laden,  abandoned 
water-logged  on  her  voyage  trom  New  Zealand,  July, 
1863. 

The  "Maori,"  barque,  289  tons  burthen,  laden  with 
coals,  sprang  a  leidc  and  went  down  off  Western  Port, 
September  10, 1863. 

The  ^'  Earl  of  Windsor,"  738  tons,  from  Otago  for  Welsh- 
pool, totally  lost  on  the  middle  bank  of  Comtr  Inlet ; 
all  hands  saved.    October  12, 1863. 

The  "Sarah  Dent,"  ketch,  from  Newcastie  to  Port 
Stephens,  capsiied  by  a  squall  near  Cabbage  Tree 
Island,  going  down  with  all  hands  (5),  October  17, 
1863. 

The  "  Sporting  Lass,"  whaling  brig,  of  Sydney,  wrecked 

on  reefs  near  New  Caledonia,  Novemb^  4,  1863.    [AU 

the  boats  reached  Brisbane,  except  one  with  seven  mam 

on  board  ;  never  afterwards  heard  of.  J 
The  "  Emma  Colvin,"  of  London,  560  tons,  from  Sydn^ 

to  New  Caledonia,  with  202  head  of  cattle,  totally  lost 

50  miles  8.E.  of  Port  de  France ;  all  hands  saved. 

November  12. 1863. 
The  "  Fsrway,"196  tons,fh>m  Maryborough  for  Sydney, 

lost  on  a  reef  near  Lady  Elliott's  Island ;  tbreo  hands  out 

of  nine  lost    February  9, 1864. 
The  "Augusta,"  steamer,    firom    LyttelUm,  N.Z.,  to 

Sydney,    wrecked  on  Gave  Island,  N.Z. ;  all  hands 

saved.    Februarv  10, 1864. 
The  "All  Serene,     Australian  ship,  from  Vancouver's 

Island,  capsized  in  heavy  storm ;   twmty-one  hands 

out  of  thu-ty-eight  lost     February  21,  1864.    [The 

>urvivors  suffered  much  until  they  reached  the  Fiji 

Islands  in  a  punt] 
The  "PhoDbe  Dunbar*'  burnt  in  Newcastle  harbour, 

March  7, 1864. 
The  schooner  "Zone"  lost  whilst  attempting  to  enter 

Newcastle  harbour.    The  mate  of  the  "Zone"  and 

three  of  the  crew  of  the  lifeboat  (which  upset)  were 

lost    March  19, 1864. 
Tlie  "Mynora,"  steamer  (LS.N.  Co.X  from  Moruyato 

Sydney,  ran  on  shore  off  George's  Head,  and  beoune  a 

total  wreck  ;  all  hands  saved.    April  6, 1864. 
The    "Panama,"    barque,  414   tons •  burthen,   totally 

wrecked  on  the  north  of  FTaxer^s  Island ;  one  hand  out 

of  twenty  lost    March  18, 1864. 
The  "Viceroy,"  schooner,  Melbourne,  150  tons,   run 

down  by  the  Wonga  Wonga,  steamer,  April  6»  1864. 

[Value,  £1,000.] 
The  "  Macleay  Packet,"  schooner,  of  Sydney,  left  Svdney 

for  Richmond  River,  a'ith  ten  hands  on  board,  mud. 

never  arrived,  April  SO,  1864. 
The  "  Rainbow,"  steamer  (C  &R.  R.  S.  N.  Co.),  driven 

on  shore  during  a  gale  in  Seal  Rock  Bay,  June  2, 1864. 

[Value.  £2,000.  Seven  hands  out  of  sixteen  were  loet] 
The  "  Waratah,"  schooner,  of  Sydney,  109  tons,  with 

seven  hands  on  board,  vessel  and  cargo  being  worth 

£1,000,  left  Newcastle  for  Sydney,  but  never  arrived, 

June  2, 1864. 
The  "T^flee,"  barqup,  of  Sydnev,  271  tons,  failed  in 

getting  in  to  Port  Stephens,  and  oecamea  total  wreck ; 

seven  hands  out  of  ten  lost ;  value  of  vessel  and  cargo, 

£,1800.   August  30, 1864. 

The  "  Now  Moon,"  steamer,  of  Sydney,  with  a  cargo  to 

the  value  of  £2,000,  from  the  Macleay,  was  driven  on 

shore  near  Port  Stephens,  and  eleven  out  of  twelve 

hands  lost,  October  1, 1864. 
The  "  Breodalbane,"  barque,  215  tons,  driven  from  her 

anchors  and  wrecked  near  Bellambi,  N.S.W.,  October 

1,1864. 
The  "  Guiding  Star,"  schooner,  left  Manning  for  Sydney 

with  a  crew  of  five  hands,  but  never  arrived,  October 

1,1864. 
The  "Circassian,"  schooner,    ran   on  shore,   in  thick 

iK'oather,  near  Twofold  Bay ;  three  out  of  seven  hands 

lost ;  value  £1,700.    October  6,  1804. 
The  "  William  Buchanan,"  barque,  of  Melbourne,  struck 

on  an  unknown  rock  near  the  Clarence  Heads  ;  value 

£3,080.    December  8, 1864. 


i 


WRECKS  AND  SHIPPING  DISASTERS. 


313 


The  "  star  of  AiutnOlA,"  iteuner  (A.&K.  Ck>.).  left  Syd- 
ney with  seventeen  hande  on  boud  for  Rocuamptmi ; 
fate  never  known ;  Insured  f <»*  £6,000.  January  24, 1805. 

The  "  Boomenmjr,"  schooner,  left  Newcastle  with  five 

hands  for  the  Gfarenoe  River,  but  never  arrived .  Janu* 

ary  12, 1866. 
Tlie  "  BtackaU,**  clipper  ship,  Captain  Tule,  with  2.041 

bales  of  wool,  Ac,  bound  from  Brisbane  to  London, 

totally  destroyed  by  fire,  April  19, 1865. 
The  **City  of   Dunedin,"  steamer,  lost  off  Taranaki, 

N.2L,  May  20, 1866. 
The  **  Julia  Heyne,"  818  tons,  barque,  of  Melbourne, 

founded  20  mm  off  Cape  SI.  George,  May  20, 1866. 
The  "  Edward,'*  cutter,   of  Sydney,  left  Newcastle  for 

Sydney  with  four  hands  on  board,  but  never  arrived, 

June  SO,  1866. 
The  **  Lady  Young,"  barque,  418  tuns,  lost  near  Rabbit 

Island,  July  14, 1866. 
The  '*  Duncan  Dunbar"  wrecked  on  a  reef  at  Las  Rocas, 

South  American  coast ;  no  lives  lost    October  7, 1866. 
The  "London,"  steamer,    on  her  way  to  Melbourne, 

foundered  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay.     About  220  persons 

perished,  including  Captain  Martin,  Dr.  Woolley,  Prii-- 

dpal  of  the  University  of  Sydney,  O.  V.  Brooke,  the 

tneedian,  and  many  others.    Januanr  11, 1865. 
The  *^  Arrow,"  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's  Straits ; 

no  lives  lost.  1865. 
"  Victor,"  brig,  227  tons,  loet  on  rocks  outside  Newcastle 

harbour,  March  19, 1866. 
"  Urara,"  steamer,  241  tons  (C.  &  R.R.&N.  Co.X  value 

£14,000,  lost  on  the  Clarence  River  bar  in  Une  weather. 

May  4, 1866. 
The  *'  Ellen  Simpson,"  barque,  of  Melbourne,  310  tons, 

lost  in  gale  off  Cape  Howe ;  nine  out  of  eleven  hands 

lost     May  28, 1866. 
Hie  "  General  Grant,"  on  a  voyaoe  from  Melbourne  to 

London,  wrecked  off  Auckland  Isles;  only  thirteen 

out  of  100  saved.     May,  1866. 
The  '*  Slippeiy  Charlie"  stranded  at  the  entrance  of  the 

Nambuocra  River ;    only  one  hand  out  of  thirteen 

saved.    July  12, 1866. 
The  "  Eclipee,^'  schooner,  with  a  cargo  of  cattle,  foundered 

off  the  old  bar,  Mannuig  River ;  all  hands  (8)  perished. 

July  12, 1866. 
The  **  Mary  and  Rose"  beached  near  entrance  to  Port 

Stephens ;  five  out  of  seven  loet.   July  12, 1866. 
The  "  Corio,"  steamer,  of  Sydney  (insured  for  £7,600% 

with  a  erew  of  ten  hands,  supposed  to  have  foundered 

during  a  gale,  July  12, 1866. 
The  *'Cawarra,"  steamer,  4S8  tons.  Captain  Chatfleld, 

was  wrecked  on  the  Ouster  Bank  at  the  entrance  to 

Newcastle  ;  fifty-nine  people  drowned ;  only  one  man, 

Frederick  W.  Hedges^  was  saved,  and  he  was  reecued 


« 


Dunbar' 


by  the  only  survivor  (Johnson)  of  the 

total  value  lost,  £21,850.    July  12, 1866. 
The  "  Arthur,"  ketch,  of  Sydney,  foundered  on  entering 

NewcasUe  Heads ;  all  hands  (5;  lost.   July  IS,  186& 
The    "  Roderich    Dhu,"    schooner,   of    Sydn^;    the 

**  Lydla,"    ketch,   of     Sydney  ;    the   '*  Carnation," 

schooner,  of  Sydney  ;  the  *'  Friends,"  sdiooner,  of 

Melbourne,— «11  wrecked  July  IS,  1866. 
Hie  **  Janet,"  ketch,  of  Sydnev,  supposed  to  have  found- 
ered during  a  gale  ;  all  hands  (4)  lost     July  IS,  1806. 
The  *'  Woodpecker,"  schooner,  lost  five  miles  north  of 

Port  Macquarie ;  one  sailor  drowned.    July  IS,  1866. 
The  "  Sea  Gull,"  schooner,  of  Sydney,  foundered  off 

NewcasUe  ;  all  hands  (5)  lost    Jiily  13, 1866. 
The  **  William  Watson,  barque,  384  tons,  stranded  on 

North  beach  endeavouring  to  make  Newcastle  harbour ; 

two  out  of  ten  hands  lost     July  13, 1866. 
The  *'  Tiger,"  schooner,  Sydney,  stranded  at  Bulli  during 

gale ;  3  out  of  6  hands  lost.    July  IS,  1866. 
The  "Eagle,"  schooner,  125  tons,  missed  stays,  went 

ashore,  breaking  up  at  North  Head,  Port  Jackson, 

July  SO,  1866. 
The  '^Result"  burnt  in  Hobson's  Bay,  October  11, 1866. 

The  "  Adolphus,"  brigantine,  drifted  on  the  rocks  during 

a  light  wind  at  WoUongong,  and  became  a  total  wreck, 

November  29, 1866. 
The  "  Netherby  "  wreked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's  Straits ; 

no  lives  lost     1866. 
The  "  Albion,"  schooner,  of  Sydney,  170  tons,  lost  on  a 

reef  near  the  south  head  of  Port  Hacking  ;  five  lost 

out  of  seven  hands.    March  30, 1867. 
The   "Matador,"  barque,    of    Melbourne,   249   tons, 

wrecked  in  a  S.E.  gale  at  Bulli,  September  7, 1867. 


The  "  TetQgraph,"  steameir.  Sydney  (A&N.  CoA  struck 
on  rock  near  Gtanden  Head,  October  9,  1807.  Ship 
value.  £12.000 ;  oaivo,  £8.000.;  no  Uvea  lost 

The  "  Victoria,"  schooner,  of  Auckland,  supposed  to  have 
foundered  between  Sydney  and  Madeay  River,  with 
seven  hands  on  board.  October  26, 1867. 

The  "  Europe,"  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bast's  Btiaits ; 
no  lives  loet    1867. 

The  "  Wave,"  brig,  196  tons,  with  ooals,  stimnded  three 
miles  north  of  Terrigal,  daring  S.E.  nto :  all  hands 
(9)lost    Febraaxy  8, 1868.  t 

The  "Cheetah,"  schooner,  120  tons;  the  "Raven," 
schooner,  116  tons  ;  and  the  "Abbey,"  achooner,  90 
tons,— all  went  on  shore  during  a  8.  E.  gale,  within 
three  miles  of  Crowdy  Head  ;  all  bands  (7)  belonging 
to  the  "  Cheetah  "  were  lost     February  16, 1868. 

The  "General  Wool,"  banfue,  of  Sydney,  171  tons, 
supposed  to  have  foundered  with  all  hands  (7), 
February  16, 1868. 

The  "  Gratia,"  brig,  186  tons,  foundered  five'  miles  north 
of  Cape  Hawk;  all  hands  (7)  loet  February  15, 1868. 

The  "  Barwon  "  schooner,  66  tons,  foundered  with  all 
hands   (5)   during    the  easterly  gale,  February  16, 

The  "  Woodlark,"  brig,  237  tons,  lost  in  S.E.  gale,  eight 
miles  from  Seal  Rocks.  February  16, 1868. 

The  "  Kellermont,"  brigantine,  200  tons,  wrecked  in 
S.E.  gale,  in  Broken  Bay,  February  16, 1868. 

The  "Chelydra,"  barque,  of  Swansea,  300  tons,  ran  on 
shore  quuter  of  a  mile  from  Port  Stinbens  during 
8  E.  gale;  one  life  loet  February  16, 1968. 

The  "  Esperania,"  brig,  of  Melbourne,  foundered  during 
S.E.  gale  to  the  leeward  of  Bird  Island ;  ten  out  <» 
eleven  hands  on  board  were  lost    February  16, 1868. 

The  "  Helen  S.  Page,"  217  tons,  lost  in  the  Bight  of  New- 
castle during  easterly  gale,  March  30, 1868. 

The  "  Black  Swan,"  steamer,  became  a  total  wreck  on 
the  bar  of  Manning  River,  during  modente  weather, 
June  4, 1868. 

The  s.a  "  Taranaki "  sunk  in  Tovj  Channel,  August 
19,1868. 

The  "  Annie  D  **  schooner,  left  Sydney  for  Richmond 
River,  and  never  afterwards  heard  of,  August  27, 1868. 

The  "  CAiippewa."  ketch,  struck  on  a  rock  at  Crookhaven 
Heads,  and  went  down  with  all  hands  (4),  November 
20,1868. 

The  "Traveller,"  ketch,  went  on  shore  at  Brisbane 
Water;  all  hands  (3)  loet  November  20, 1868. 

The  "  Elisabeth,"  scnooner,  upeet  in  squall  near  Bulli ; 
all  hands  (S)  lost    November  24. 1868. 

The  "  Omogh  "  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's  Straits ; 
no  lives  lost    1868. 

The  "  Mary  Ann "  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's 
Straits  ;  no  lives  lost    1868. 

The  "The.  Formosa,"  firom  Glasgow,  wrecked  outside 
Port  PhUlip  Heads,  February  8, 1869. 

The  "  Christopher Qeoige,"  schooner,  foundered  off  Wol- 
longong  in  S.E.  gale ;  all  hands  (5)  lost  February  28, 
1869. 

The  "Jessie,"  schooner,  Sydney,  foundered  off  New- 
castle in  S.E.  gale ;  three  hands  lost  May  9, 1868. 

The  "  Nancy,"  Mhooner,  Newcastle,  foundered  off  New- 
castle in  8.E.  gale,  all  hands  f6)  lost   May  9. 1869. 

The  "  Don  Juan,"  schooner,  Syaney,  foundered  off  New- 
castle in  aE.  gale;  all  hands (6) lost.  May 9, 1869. 

The  "Bagleton,"  schooner,  Syaney,  foundered  eight 
miles  south  of  Hannah  Bay  in  S.E.  gale ;  all  hands  (6) 
loet.  May  9. 1868. 

The  "Martha,"  schooner,  Sydney,  foundered  at  sea 
daring  S.  E.  gale ;  all  bands  (6)  lost  Ifcy  9, 1860. 

The  "  Secret,"  schooner,  dragged  her  anchors  and  went 
ashore  in  Providence  Bay  during  S.E.  gale  ;  one  hand 
lost    May  9, 1809. 

Tbe  "  Burnett,"  brig,  Sydney,  187  tons,  foundered  In  the 
bight  at  Newcastle,  about  a  mile  from  lighthouse, 
during  S.E.  gale  ;  all  hands  (7)  lost  Mav  0, 1869. 

The  ship  "John  Duthie"  burnt  in  Syaney  Harbour, 
December  1, 1869. 

Tlie  "  Prince  Patrick,"  schooner,  160  tons,  came  into 
colUsion  with  the  brig  "Drover"  inside  the  North 
Head,  Port  Jackson,  drifted  on  the  rocks,  and  became 
a  total  wreck,  during  a  calm,  December  17,  I860. 

The  "  Waiuui,''  sunk.  Port  Chalmen,  N.Z.,  January  22, 
1870. 

The  *"  Camden,"  barque,  235  tons,  insured  for  £8,600, 
lost  on  a  reef  to  the  south  of  Ulladulla,  Jan.  80, 1870. 


311 


WSECKS  AKD  SPXETIFG  DISASTEBa 


Hie  "THo,'*  ■temiOT,  Sydney,  UO  tons,  drifted  aehore 

durixvN.E.  gale  at  Seel  JiM^  Bay,  Mareh  6, 1670. 
The  "Bjuigooa^"  barqae»  874  tons,  driven  ashore  four 

mllee  N.  of  Kiama  during  heavy  gale,  March  22, 1870. 
Tlie  "Perseveranee,"  eteamer,  driven  on  to  the  rocks  at 

Point  Danger,  April  14, 1870. 
mie   "Walter   Hoed,"  ehip,   of  Aberdeen,   918  tone, 

wrecked  between  UlladoUa  and  Jervis  Bay ;  eleven 

lives  loet.   April  27, 1870 
The  "  Storm  Bird,"  eihooner,  Sydney,  enrapoeed  to  have 

foundered  daring  S.E.  gale  ;  all  hands  (7)  lost.  May  0, 

1870. 
The  "  Amity,"  Vetch,  Sydney,  supposed  to  have  met  the 

same  fate,  at  the  same  time,  <Hf  the  Manning  River  ; 

all  hands  (5)  lost.   May  6, 1870. 
The  "  Francis  George, '*  schooner,  supposed  to  have  met 

simihir  fate,  on  ssme  day,  near  the  Brunswick  River ; 

aU  hands  (0)  lost.    May  6, 1870. 
The  "  Harbech  OasUe,"  CaptaUi  Davis,  with  a  crew  of 

twenty-three  men.  left  Melboume  tor  Newcastle,  and 

never  afterwards  neard  of,  June  26, 1870. 
The  barque  "  Dunkeld'Meft  Newcastle  bound  southland 

has  never  since  been  heard  of,  June,  1870. 
The  "  Aurifera,"  baraue,  of  Melboume,  486  tons,  foun- 
dered at  sea,  80O  miles  from  Lord  Howe's  Islaua,  July 

24,1870. 
The  "  Dashing  Wave,"  on  a  voyage  from  Foochoo  to 

Sydney,  with  a  cargo  of  tea,  ran  on  a  reef,  August  81, 

1870.   (The  crew  took  to  the  boats,  in  which  they  were 

thirty-one  days,  and,   with  but  scant  subsistence, 

reached  Strong^s  Isknd,  October  1.] 
The  "Summer  (^oud,"  barque,  836  Urns,  ran  ashofe  in 

Wreck  Bay,  December  6, 1870. 
The  '*  Deva,^'  brig,  244  tons,  abandoned  at  sea,  86  ndles 

east  of  Port  Maoquarie,  December  6, 1870. 
The  *'  Rialto,"  baraue»  803  tons,  wrecked  on  breakwater 
'    at  Newcastle  during  a  8.E.  gale,  December  6, 1870. 
The   "Freak.'*   brig,  from   Gulf  of  Carpentaria,   for 

Sydney,   wrecked  in  Providential  CSiannel ;  twelve 

hands  (South  Sea  IsUmders)  loet   December,  1870. 
The  '*  Caroline,"  brig,  foundered  at  sea,  60  miles  from 

Sydney,  on  a  voyage  from  Sydney  to  Hokianga ;  one 

man  lost    January  28, 1871. 
The  steamer  "Queen  of   the  Thames,"  Captain  Mac- 

donald,  which  left  Mdboume  for  London,  February 

18,  wrecked  near  Cape  Agulhas,  about  200  miles  from 

Gape  Town,  four  persons  drowned,  March  18,  1871. 

[The  captidn  was  censured.] 
The  "  Dayspring,"  barque,  660  tons,  foundered  70  miles 

west  of  Newcastle;  crew  saved  by  the  "Wonga 

Wonga."  March.  1871. 
The  "Helen,"  bngantine,  166  tons,  wrecked  on  the 

North  Spit,  Richmond  River,  Anril  12, 1871. 
The  "  Auckland,"  steamer,  from  Melboume  to  Sydney, 

lost  on  the  Ninety-mile  Beach,  May  26, 1871. 
Collision  on  the  N.S.W.  coast  between  the  "Nevada" 

and  the  "  A.  H.  Badger,"  October  16, 1871. 
The  ship  "  Loch  Leven,"  Captain  Crowne,  from  Oeelong, 

Victoria,  for  London,  wrecked,  October  24, 1871.  [Her 

cargo  consisted  of  wool,  leather,  and  oepper;  all 

valued  at  £170,000.1 
Hie    "Rangoon,"    Peninsula  and  Oriental  steamer, 

valued  at  £78,000,  wrecked  on  Kadhr  Bocks,  off  Point 

de  Galle ;  cargo  lost,  but  no  lives.     November  2, 1871. 

The  ship  "Sussex,"  from  Plymouth  to  Melbonm^ 
wrecked  at  Barwon  Heads,  Victoria ;  a  boat  crew  of 
six  persons  lost  their  lives.   December  81, 187L 

The  *'  Ocean  Bride  "  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bas8*s 
Straits ;  no  lives  lost     1871. 

The  "  Loch  l»ven "  wrecked  on  King's  Islaiid,  Bass's 
Straits ;  one  life  lost    1871. 

The  "  Waimea,"  steamer,  166  tons,  wracked  on  the 
Richmond  Bu*,  January  16, 1872. 

The  "  Indus,"  barque,  864  tons,  q>rungaleak,  on  a  voyage 
from  Newcastle  to  Dunedin,  and  went  down  100  miles 
off  the  Dromedary ;  crew  saved  in  boats.  Febraary  18, 
1872.  [Four  sailors  who  had  refused  to  proceed  to  sea 
in  her  prior  to  her  departure,  alleging  siie  was  unsea- 
worthy,  were  eeotenoed  each  to  eight  weeks'  im- 
prisonment In  Maitland  Gaol.] 

The  "Maria,"  with  New  Guinea  expeditioD,  wivcked 
on  the  Barrier  Reef,  February  26, 1872. 

The  "  Megaera,"  Government  iron  screw  stesmer,  sailed, 
with  about  400  persons  on  board,  for  Australia, 
February  7,  1871 ;  sprung  a  leak,  June  8,  when  it 
was  discovered  that  her  bottom  'was    nearly  worn 


awmy  by  eorroaloii.  8be  was  beached  on  8t 
Faal^  Island,  in  the  ladian  Ooean,  June  16 ;  huts 
were  erected,  and  the  crew  settled  and  stores 
landed;  Lieutenant  Jones  was  taken  on  board  a  Dutch 
vessel,  July  10;  the  "Obat>n  "  brooi^t  |»t>\isk)ns, 
August  26 ;  the  crew  was  carried  off  dtuing  a  storm  by 
the  "  Malacca,"  the  stores  being  left  behind,  September 
8,  1871.  [This  vessel  was  reported  uaAt  for  service  in 
1867.  Ci4>tain  Tbrupp  was  tried,  and  acquitted  of 
blame,  November  17 ;  Sir  Spencer  Robinson  and 
various  Admiralty  ofBcials  were  censured  by  a 
Goveimnent  Commiwrion,  March  6, 1872.1 

The  "  Beogal,"  barque,  428  tons,  anmng  a  leak  and 
foundered  latitude  ^'  20'  a.  longitude  166  £. ;  crew 
saved  by  passing  vesseL   April  6, 1872. 

The  steamer  "  Examiner "  wrecked  at  Clarence  Heads, 

N.8. W.,  May  7, 1872. 
The   "  Toung  Australia  **  wrecked  on  Moreton  Ulaad, 

June  1, 1872. 
Steamer  "  Paterson "  foundered  in  the  Port  of  New- 
castle, N.S.W. ,  June  6, 1872. 
The  "Clarence,"  steamer  (C.  &  R.R.8.N.  Co.),  ran  ashore 

in  fog  near  Bald  Hill,  June  80, 1672.    [Value  of  cargo, 

£12,000.] 
The  "Saxonia,"  a.,  foundered  near  Newcastle,  N  S.W., 

July  17, 1872;  snccessfully  raised,  August  20, 1872. 
The  "  Restless,"  schooner.  268  tons,  struck  by  Ughtning 

and  sprung  a  leak  during  a  hurricane,  near  solitaiy 

Islands,  August  24, 1872. 
The  "Providence,"  steamer,  blown  to  pieces  hj  the 

boilers  burstinflr ;  four  lives  lost ;   on   the  Mnnray 

River.    November  0, 1872. 
The   "Katherow"  wrecked  on  King's  Island,   Bas's 

Straits ;  no  lives  lost     1872. 
The  "  Tamar,"  steamer,  130  tons,  sprung  a  leak,  and  was 

beached,  to  save  life,  at  Norah  Point  January  11, 1878. 
The  "  Matilda,"  schooner,  supposed  to  have  foundered 

between  the  Macieay  River  and  Sydney  during  S.E. 

gale,  with  an  hands  m,  January  11, 1873. 
The  "Pollv  Hopkins,''  supposed  to   have  foonderod 

between  Newcastle  and  Sydn^  duriog  8.E.  gale,  with 

all  hands  (7),  Januaiy  11, 1878. 
The  "  Northfleet."  laden   with  railway  Iron,  for  Van 

Diemen's  Lana,  and  ndlway  navvies,  run  into  by  a 

foreign  steamer  (probably  the  '*Mixiillo,'*a  Sfjanish 

veasd),  off  Dungeness,  about  lO-SO  p^m. ;  800  lives 

lost,  January  22, 1873.    [The  "  Murillo  "  was  oaptored 

near  Dover,  September  22,  and   condemned  hy  the 

Court  of  Admiralty  to  be  s<rid  (the  ofBoers  severely 

censured),  November  4, 1878.  ] 
The  "  Polonaise "  wrecked  off  Mast  Island ;  erew  and 

passensrers  saved.     February  4, 1873. 
The  "  Ellsmere,"  barque,  170  tons,  totally  wrecked  on 

leaving  the  Richmond  River,  March  26, 187& 
The  "  nre  King,"  steamer  (C.  ft  R.RaN.  Oo.X  lost  at 

the  Manning  Bar ;  all  hands  saved.  April  80, 1673. 

[Cargo  estimated  at  £7,000.] 
The  "Belle  Isle,"  ship,  1,180  tons,  sprung  a  leak  and 

was  abandoned,  May  6, 1873.    [Crew  saved  by  hazque 

"Velocidad."] 
The  "  Rangitoto,"  steamer,  Captain  Madde,  wrecked  on 

Jackson's  Head,  at  the  entrance  to  Queen  Cbarlotte'a 

Sound,  New  Zealand  coast  July  81, 1873. 
*Ibe    "  Oscar,"    barque,   806   tons,   wnektd   betwem 

Sydney  Heads  by  missing  stays  and  getting  on  to  the 

rodcs  at  Old  Man's  Hat ;  crew  saved.    Sept  12, 1873. 
The  "  Maafu,"  schooner,  foundered  with  aU  hands j^ 

between  Svdney  and  Manning  River,  Sept  16, 1873. 
The  "  Iron  King  "  foundered  off  Troubridge  Island,  South 

Australia,  December  11, 1878. 
The  immigrant  ship  "  Surat"  wrecked  off  coast  of  Olego, 

N.Z. ;  no  lives  lost  December  81, 1878. 
The  "  Ahna"  vrrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's  Stratts  ; 

no  lives  lost    1878. 
The  "Alice  Jane"  supposed   to  have  capslaed.  with 

all  hands  (6)  lost,  was  found  botUMn  up,  on  the  beach, 

near  Port  Haddng,  January  16, 1874. 
The  "Australia,'*  brigantine.  lost  at  Bicfamond  Biver 

Bar,  caigo  worth  £1,200,  February  11, 1874. 
The  "  Traveller,"  116  tons,  totally  wrecked  <m  Myall 

Beach,  through  cable  parting.  May  1, 1874. 
The  "  Corsahr,"  brurantine,  134  tons,  valued  at  £9,700. 

beached,  to  save  me,  8  miles  north  of  Merimbula,  May 

18,  1874. 
The  "British  Admiral"  wre<^ed  at  King^ Island;  79 

out  of  88  Uvea  lost.  May  88,1874. 


WRECKS  AND  SHIPJING  DISASTERS. 


315 


The  "CoTBair,"  pOot  catter,  wrecked  off  Point  Nepean, 
May  24,  1874. 

The  **  Chance,"  ketch,  lost  whilst  croning  the  Mannini? 
River  Bar  ;  three  hands  drowned ;  master  saved.  June 
6, 1874. 

The  **  Flintshire,**  steamer,  wrecked  on  a  rock  off  Cape 
Cleveland,  June  22,  1874. 

The  *'  O.  U.  Peake,'^  ln4g.  oolUded  with  an  American 
vesMl,  the  "Sierra  Nevada,"  7  miles  south  of 
Kewcastle,  and  went  down ;  all  hands  saved  by  the 
"  Sierra  Nevada."    July  11, 1874. 

The  '*  Clara,**  schooner,  130  tons,  in  ballast,  valued  at 
£1,600,  drifted  on  reefs  outside  Nobby's  and  became  a 
total  wreck.  July  26,  1874. 

The  "Eleanor,"  barque,  886  tons,  foundered  with  all 
hands  (12)  between  Sydney  and  New  Zealand,  July  26, 
1874. 

Tlieeini||;rant  ship  "  Gosnatrick/'  Ctotain  Elmslie,  which 
left  London  for  New  Zealand,  on  September  11, 1874, 
caught  fire  a  few  hundred  miles  from  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope.  November  19, 1874.  [Out  of  about  480  people, 
only  Ave  persons  were  rescued,  after  eight  davs* 
suffierinffs,  by  the  "  British  Sceptre".  The  captain,  his 
wife  and  son,  perished  amongst  the  number.  ] 

The  "Windhover,**  brig,  207  tons,  valued  at  £2,000, 

Smng  a  leak  after  leaving  Newcastle,  and  fonndraed ; 
hands  saved.    December  13, 1874. 
Wreck   of  the   brig  "Centaur."   of   Melbourne,  near 

Freemantle,  W.  A. ;  crew  saved.    January  0, 1876. 
The  "BlencaUua"  wrecked  on  Khig's  Island,  February 

3, 1876. 
The  "Helen  Hacgregor"  steamer (C.  k  K.E.S.N.  CaX 

wrecked  on  Clarence  Heads;  eight  lives  lost.  Febmaxy 

12,1876. 
The  "  Sarah  Niool,"  schooner,  foxmdered  during  a  gale 

near  Bellinger  River;  all  hands  (6)  lost.     Febnuzy 

10, 1876. 
The  "Euroka,"  schooner,  fomidered  with  all  hands  (6) 

near  Sander  River,  February  10, 1876. 
The  "  Waikato,"  steamer,  burnt  and  scuttled,  Febmaxy 

23, 1876. 
Hm  steamer  "  Oothenbuzg,**  from  Port  Danrin  for 

Adelaide,  wrecked  on  the  south  of  Cape   Bowling 

Green,  Perar  Reef,  Flinders  Passiure,  Februaiy  24, 

1876.     [102   lives  were  lost,  incimung  some  (ustin- 

giUsbed  South  Australian  oolonistB.] 
The  steamer  "  Schiller,*'  from  America,  with  Australian 

mails,  l<»t  on  the  English  coast ;  311  lives  lost    May 

8, 1876. 
The  "  New  Engtond,"  steamer,  went  on  ihora  at  Claxeiiee 

Heads.    May  28, 1875. 
The  A.S.N.  Co.'s  steamer  "  Rangatin,"  600  tons.  Captain 

Wood,  lost  on  Roquea  Reef,  New  Caledonia,  May  81, 

1876. 
The  SA  "  Pioneer*'  lost  in  CurxaiiuUa  Bay,  N.  8.  W., 

June  27, 1876. 
The   emigrant  ship   "  Strathmore,"   1472   tons,   tram 

London  to  Otago,  N.Z ,  wrecked  on  Apostle  Island, 

Croaet  Group,  July  2»  1876.   [Out  of  400  passengers 

and  crew  only  38  were  saved,  who  remained  on  the 

Island  until  January  22, 1876,  when  th^  were  taken 

off  by  the  American  whaler  "  Phcenix.'*] 
The  "  Ben  Nevis"  wrecked  at  NewcasUe,  N.aW.,  July  8, 

1876. 
The  "  Susannah  Cuthbert,"  steamer,  ran  on  Long  Reef  . 

in  foggy  weather,  and  became  a  total  wreck,  July  7, 

1876.    [Value  of  cargo,  £6,300.  ] 
The  "Naval  Brigsde"  wrecked  at  Bowen,  Queensland, 

Awnst  1, 1876. 
The  "*  Cambridgeshire,"    from  Gravesend  to  Sydney, 

wrecked  on  N^htlsland,  Banks  Stiuits,  Sept.  7, 1875. 

The  "  Susannah  Booth,"  111  tons,  totally  lost  on  Rich- 
mond River  Bar,  April  S3, 1876u 

The  "Teirpan",  baroue,  222  tons,  from  Newcastle  to 
Brisbane,  q>rung  a  leak  and  foundered  in  40  minutes ; 
crew  saved  in  bciatSL    June  6, 1876. 

The  "Lightning,"  em^rrant  ship,  Oantain  Gkmeron,  with 
406  emigrants  on  board*  went  asoore  OS  Trowbri4ge 
Island  on  her  way  to  Adelaide,  July  6, 1876.  [She 
was  afterwards  got  off.] 

Discovery  of  the  wreck  of  the  barque  "Giltwood"  (a  new 
Iron  vessel,  on  her  first  voyi^,  from  Liverpool  to 
Melbourne),  near  Riv<ril  Bay,  8.  A. ;  all  on  board 
perished.    July  6, 1876. 

The  "Ann,"  barque,  277  tons,  foundered  off  Port 
Stephens,  with  all  hands  (10),  July  25, 187& 


The  E.  and  A.  Oo.'s  steamer  *'  Queensland,"  sunk  off 
WUaoQ's  Promontory,  thnnii^  a  collision  with  the 
M.  S.  Company's  b.8.  "  Barrabool" ;  one  life  lost. 
August  8, 1876.  [Estimated  value  of  the  lost  steamer, 
£76,000.] 

The  ship  "Great  Queensland,"  1700  tons  register,  left 
Gravesend,  Engkuid,  with  thirty-five  passengers  and 
thirty-five  crew,  bound  for  Melbourne,  August  6,  1876. 
She  was  last  sighted,  and  has  not  since  been  heard  of, 
August  23,  1876.  [She  had  on  board  2,800  tons  of 
general  caigo,  besides  35  tons  of  gunpowder.] 

Barque  "  Ellengrove,"  from  Newcastle  to  Adelaide,  lost 
with  eight  of  the  crew,  September  8, 1876. 

A  disastrous  collision,  resulting  in  the  loss  of  about  100 
lives,  occurred  off  Portland,  English  coast,  between 
the  ship  "  Avalanche,"  bound  for  New  Zealand,  and 
the  barque  "  Forest,"  on  the  night  of  September  0, 
1876. 

The  "  William,"  brigantine,  188  tons,  driven  on  to  the 
beach,  Oipe  Byron  Bi^,  and  became  a  total  wreck, 
September  11, 1876. 

Wreck  of  the  "  Dandenong,"  off  Jervis  Bay ;  forty  lives 
lost.    September  11, 1876. 

The  "City  of  Melbourne,"  Captain  Paddle,  narrowly 
escaped  in  a  dreadful  gale  which  raged  along  the 
southern  and  eastern  coasts  of  Austruia ;  nine  valu- 
able racehorses,  worth  £20,000,  lost.  September  11, 
1876. 

The  schooner  "Atlantic,"  which  left  Richmond  River 
September  8, 1876,  discovered  capsised  off  Sydney ;  all 
hands  lost.   September  20, 1876. 

The  "Urania,"  schooner,  101  tons,  saQed  from  New- 
castle, and  never  heard  of  again ;  six  hands,  all  on 
board,  lost    December  3, 1876. 

The  "  Hector,"  schooner,  116  tons,  sailed  from  Sydney, 
tor  Richmond  River,  with  six  hands  on  board,  and  was 
never  again  heard  of,  December  8, 1876. 

The    "Otago,"   steamer,   wrecked  at  the  entrance  of 

Foveaux  Straits,  December  4, 1876. 
The  schooner  "  Postboy,"  with  six  hands,  wrecked  on 

the  South  Australian  coast ;  all  lost    December  16, 

187a 
The  "  Flying  Squirrel "  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's 

Straits ;  no  lives  lost.     1876. 
The  mail  steamer  "  Singapore"  wrecked  on  Lone  Island, 

off  Port  Mackay,  January  30, 1877. 

The  S.S.  "  Victorian"  came  into  collision  with  the  steam 
dredge  "  Willunga,"  belonging  to  the  South  Australian 
Government,  and  sank  her  in  the  diannd  of  Port 
Adelaide,  Februaiy  6. 1877, 

The  "Blue  Bell"  steamer,  wrecked  on  Keppel  Rock, 
February  11, 1877. 

The  "  Ocean  Mail, "  ship,  Oiptain  Watson,  bound  from 
Wellington,  N.Z.,  to  London,  wrecked  on  French 
Reef,  Chatham  Islands,  March  16, 1877.  [She  had  on 
board  for  England,  4,892  bales  of  wool  and  other  cargo, 
of  a  total  value  of  £78,000.] 

The  "  City  of  Foochow,"  bound  from  Sydney  to  Calcutta. 

wrecked  on  Flinders  Island ;  passengers  and  crew  all 

rescued.    March  7, 1877. 
The  briff  "  Emily  Smith, "  from  Rhig  George's  Sound  to 

Adelaule,  wrecked  near  West  Bay ;  twenty-one  persons 

drowned.    Mi^  21, 1877. 
Schooner  "  Young  Australian, "  trading  between  Bris- 
bane and  Adelidde,  wrecked  at  Conue's  Inlet,  near 

Warmambool,  May  28, 1877. 
The  briff  "  Edith  Haviland "  wrecked  at  Oanienter's 

Reef  whilst  on  a  vojrsge  from  Adelidde  to  Sydney ; 

the  master's  wife  and  .three  chMienlost    Jime  20, 

isn. 

The  baroue  "Sylphide,"  294  tons,  came  into  ooOision 
with  the  steamer  "Ballina"  off  Port  Jaekson  and 
sank,  June  27, 1877. 

The  S.B.  "Bulll"  wrecked  on  Kent's  Group,  Bass's 
Straits,  June  26. 1877. 

The  "  City  of  Hofaart  "a, 460  tons,  valued  at  £6,600.  lost 
through  screw-shaft  breaking,  when  she  foundered 
60  mites  N.E.  of  Wilson's  Promontory,  July  26, 1877. 

The  S.S.  "YarraTanu"  lost  with  all  hands  outside 

Newcastle  harbour,  July  16, 1877. 
The  barque  "  Gloucester,  "  626  tons,  sprung  a  leak  and 

foundered  31  miles  off  Smoky  Gape,  July  20, 1877. 
The  barque  "  Peonv, "  388  tons,  sprung  a  leak  and  was 

beached  near  Richmond  River ;  five  fives  out  often  on 
•  boaniloBt    Augusts,  1877. 


316 


xenophon~,x:ylography. 


The  Torres  Straits  miUl  steamer  "  Normanby  **  struck  on 
a  roek  off  Pen^  Island,  QueenslBod  coast ;  passengers 
and  crew  all  saved.     August  18, 1877. 

Tbe  steamer  "  Lord  Ashley"  wrecked  off  Terrigal  Har- 
bour, N.S.W.,  September  7,  1877. 

The  ship  "Gonsotf'^ran  into  and  sank  the  ship  "Tessore,** 
bound  for  Melbourne,  when  IfiO  miles  off  Cape  Clear ; 
no  lives  lost.    October  10, 1877. 

The  steamer  "  Florence  Irving"  (A.aN.  Co.X  valued  at 
£28,000,  lost  through  striking  on  a  rock  near  Port 
Stephens  ;  one  life  lost.    December  4, 1877. 

The  *'  Abeona  "  wrecked  on  King's  Island,  Bass's  Straits ; 
no  lives  lost     1877. 

The  steamer  **  Queensland "  (A.S.N.  Co.)  stranded  on 
Central  Island,  Fitzroy  River,  Jan.  18, 1878.  She  was 
floated  off  and  towed  to  Rockhampton,  Feb.  8, 1878. 

The  Orient  steamer  "  Chimbonuo,'*  Captain  J.  V.  Hall, 
jun.,  ran  on  rocks  at  Point  Perpendicular,  March  15, 
1878.  [She  remained  on  the  rocks  for  a  short  time 
and  was  eventually  got  off,  brought  to  Sydney,  and 
repaired.]  The  Marine  Board,  Sydney,  found  that  the 
stranding  of  the  "  Chimborazo"  was  due  to  the  default 
of  the  captahi.  J.  V.  Hall,  April,  187&  [The  captain's 
certificate  was  suspended  for  six  months.] 

The  ship  "  Loch  Ard,"  623  tons,  wrecked  at  the  Oives, 
one  mile  east  of  Sherbrooke  Creek,  fourteen  miles  from 
Moonlight  Head,  Victoria  Coast,  June  1, 1878.  [All 
the  passengera  and  crew,  except  Miss  Eva  Oarmichael, 
and  Thomas  R.  Pearce,  midshlpnuui,  were  lost ;  Pearoe 
gallantly  rescued  Miss  Carmichuel.] 

The  steamer  "  Blackbird,"  wrecked  on  the  Ninety-mile 
Beach,  a  little  west  of  Kate  Kearney  Channel ;  no  lives 
lost.  June  2, 1878. 

The  Orient  steamer  "Oaronne"  went  ashore  at  Ras 
Hafoon  ;  two  lives  lost.  June  6,  1878.  [The  vessel 
was  got  off  without  damage,  June  9, 1878.] 

The  barque  "James  Service,  "from  Calcutta  to  Mel- 
bourne, lost  near  Pinjarrah,  40  miles  south  of  Free- 
mantle,  West  Australia,  twenty-four  persons  being 
drowned,  July  23, 1878. 

TheH.R.aN.S.  Co.'s  steamer  "CTty  of  Newcastle,"  247 
tons,  T.  Summerbell,  master,  lost  during  a  fo^  by  the 
vessel  running  on  the  rocks,  under  Sheppard's  Hill, 
two  miles  south  of  Newcastle,  September  12, 1878  [The 
cargo  was  valued  at  £26,000.] 

The  ship  "  Cltv  of  Auckland,"  Captain  Rolls,  ftom  Lon- 
don to  Napier,  with  266  emigrants,  wrecked  near 
Otogo,  New  Zealand  ;  no  lives  lost  October  22, 1878. 

The  steamer  **  Mecca"  wrecked  in  Torres  Straits,  Decem- 
ber, 24, 187a 

The  "  Bonnie  Dundee,"  steamer,  bound  north  8 
miles  south  of  Newcastle,  came  into  collision  with 
the  M.8.S.  Co.'s  s.s.  "Barrabool,"  and  foundered  four 
minutes  after  the  collision.  Three  ladies  and  the 
cabin  boy  were  drowned.   March,  1879. 

[See  FiRBS  on  Shifb.] 

The  following  wrecks  occurred  on  the  very  dangerous 
coast  of  King's  Island  :— 

Year.  Lives  lost 

Neva    1836  300 

Rebecca  1843  1 

Cataroqui   1845  414 

Isabella    1845 

City  of  Melbourne    1853 

Brahmin 1864  7 

Waterwitch    ...» 1854 

Maypole 1855  8 

Whisker  1865 

Arrow 1885 

Netherby    1866 

Europa    1867 

Omagh 1868 

Mary  Ann   1868 

Ocean  Bride   1871 

LochLeven    1871  1 

Katherow    1872 

Anna    1873 

British  Admiral    1874  79 

Blencathra 1875 

Flying  Squirrel 1876 

Abeona    1S77 

Total— Vessels  wrecked,  28 ;  Lives  lost,  805. 


z. 


XENOPHON,  a  sloop  of  war,  pnt  in  commisaioii 
under  the  commando!  Lieutenant  Flinders,  who 
completely  refitted  and  had  her  renamed  the 
"Investigator."  The  vessel  sailed  from  Eng- 
land on  July  18,  1801 ;  and  amongst  those  who 
sailed  with  Flinders  in  her  on  the  voyage  of  dia- 
covery  in  southern  latitudes  were  Mr.  James 
Crossley,  the  astronomer,  Mr.  Robert  Brown, 
naturahst,  Mr.  Westall,  the  famous  landscape 
painter,  Mr.  Bauer,  natural  history  painter,  and 
midshipman  John  Franklin,  afterwanls  Sir  John 
Franklm,  afterwards  the  celebrated  arctic  navi- 
gator. After  doing  some  good  work  on  the 
Australian  coast,  the  "Xenophon,"  or  "Inves- 
tigator," was  brought  to  Sydney  by  Flinders, 
where  she  was  condemned  as  unseaworthy. 
June  9,  1803. 

XYLOGRAPHY.  The  art  of  wood  enffraving 
has  been  extensively  followed  in  Austrslia,  oom- 
mensnratewith  the  prooress  of  literature.  Artists 
on  woods,  of  whom  we  nave  many  possessing  the 
highest  qualifications,  find  ample  scope  for  weir 
abilities.  When  Sydney  Punai  was  nrst  estab- 
lished, its  illustrations  were  ensraved  only  on 
wood,  as  are  now  those  of  Maboume  Punelu 
The  Sydney  Tovm  and  Country  Journal,  iiie 
Melbourne  Sketcher,  the  Australian  News  (Mel- 
bourne), Illustrated  Sydney  Hews,  the  Sydn^ 
Mail,  the  Adelaide  Nexos^  and  other  papers, 
£^ve  illustrations  on  wood  worthy  to  be  placed 
side  by  side  with  those  of  their  London  con- 
temporaries. Many  books  issued  from  the 
Australian  press  contain  admirable  specimens  of 
wood-exigraving  ;  amongst  these  may  be  men- 
tioned Garnet  Walch's  "Head  over  Heels," 
published  in  1874 ;  the  same  author's  "On  the 
Cards,"  published  in  1875  ;  and  G.  H.  Gibson's 
(Ironbark)  "Southerly  Busters,"  published  in 
1887.  For  many  years  there  was  resident  in 
Sydney  one  of  the  first  wood-engravers  of  the 
tune.  As  a  draughtsman  he  was  an  artist  in  the 
trae  sense  of  the  word  ;  as  a  wood-engraver  his 
works  were  ranked  with  those  of  the  two  Dels- 
mattes,  the  Viztellys,  and  the  Dalziel  Brothers. 
Mr.  Walter  George  Mason's  name  appears  on  the 
drawings  of  that  splendid  work  the  original 
edition  of  "  Lockhart's)  Spanish  Ballads,"  pub- 
lished by  John  Murray,  and  other  important 
works,  as  well  as  in  the  earlier  numbers  of  Lon- 
don Punch.  The  pictures  in  the  Sydney  Pundfi 
of  1862  are  also  from  the  graver  of  Mr.  Mason. 
He  died  in  1865,  leaving  a  son  who  follows  the  art 
in  Sydney.  [The  Ake  ake,  or  hardwood  of  New 
Zealand,  was  used  for  wood-engraving  in  1876» 
and  found  to  produce  good  effects.  If  properly 
seasoned,  this  will  prove  a  valuable  substitute 
for  the  Turkey  boxwood,  or  sandalwood,  which 
is  becoming  scarce  and  expensive.  The  use  of 
ake  ake  for  engraving  was  first  made  known  in 
1874,  by  Mr.  W.  Gordon,  of  Wanganui,  New 
Zealand.] 


YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION— 21G  ZAG. 


317 


T. 

YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION. 
The  first  of  the  Australian  institutionA  established 
in  Sydney — ^Mr.  John  Fairfax,  president.     1853. 


z. 

ZIG  ZAG.  One  of  the  greatest  engineering 
works  in  Anstralia,  and  is  said  to  ranK  among 
the  boldest  and  meet  substantial  railway  con- 
structions in  the  world.  The  railway  line  is 
across  the  Blue  Mountains,  N.S.W.,  and  com- 
mences at  Penrith,  34  miles  from  Sydney.  The 
line  then  ascends  155  feet,  and  crosses  Knap- 
sack Gully  by  the  Viaduct,  which  is  388  feet 
long,  and  has  a  maximum  height  of  126  feet. 
This  crossing  is  245  feet  above  fSnu  Plains,  and 
the  line  reaches  the  lower  point  of  the  first 
zig'ZAg  At  an  elevation  of  414  feet  above  sea-level, 
and  thence  an  elevation  of  470  feet  is  attained  in 
a  distance  of  30  chains.  After  this  the  line  con- 
tinues to  ascend  till  it  reaches  the  summit  of 
La^stone  Hill,  and  then  it  follows  the  range 
dividing  the  tributaries  of  the  Nepean  and 
Cox  Rivers  from  those  of  the  Grose  River, 
passing  Springwood,  Blue  Mountain,  Weather- 
board, Pulpit  Hill,  BUckheath.  3,494  feet,  to 
near  Shepherd's  Toll-bar  and  Mount  Victoria, 
3,422  feet  above  the  sea.  Here  the  line  com- 
mences to  diveive  to  the  north  along  Darling's 
Causeway,  which  divides  the  waters  of  the  Lett 
from  the  sources  of  the  Grose  River  to  Bell's 
line  of  road,  or  the  range  dividing  the  river  Lett 
and  Grose  River  tributaries  from  those  of  tiie 


river  Colo.  Following  this  ranee  to  Dargan's 
Creek  the  line  passes  through  Mount  Clarence 
by  a  tunnel  539  yards  in  length,  the  rails  at  the 
enttance  of  which  are  3,658  Ket  above  sea-level. 
This  is  the  summit  level  of  the  line,  88  miles 
from  Sydney,  and  52  miles  from  the  commence- 
ment of  the  ascent  of  the  Blue  Mountain  Ranges 
at  Emu  Plains.  The  line  then  descends  on  a 
ftradient  of  1  in  42  towards  Lithgow  Valley 
beyond,  reaching  the  higher  points  of  the  Great 
Zig-zaff  91  miles  from  Sydney,  at  an  elevation  of 
3,362  Ket.  At  this  point  the  line  runs  nearly 
parallel  with  the  mam  Une,  but  in  an  opposite 
direction,  for  a  distance  of  67  chains.  After 
passing  two  viaducts  and  through  a  short 
tunnel  it  reaches  the  lower  points  of  the  21ig-zag 
at  an  elevation  of  3,261  feet,  and  thence  further 
descends  towards  Bathurst,  which  is  situated 
145  miles  from  Sydney,  at  an  elevation  of  2,153 
feet.  Between  Mount  Clarence,  88  miles  from 
Sydney,  and  Wallerawang,  105  miles,  there  are 
seven  viaducts,  of  2,225  li^t  in  length,  avenu^ng 
in  height  from  10  to  70  feet,  and  in  span  m>m 
10  to  54  feet — the  majority  being  30  feet ;  also 
three  tunnels — one  at  Lithgow  Valley  Zig-zag 
77  yards  in  length,  one  at  Morangaroo  267  yards 
in  length,  and  one  under  the  Mudgee  Road 
47  yards  in  length.  The  smallest  n^us  of  a 
curve  in  this  section  is  528  feet,  the  total  length 
of  such  curves  being  5  miles,  including  those 
upon  the  two  Zig-zajgs.  There  are  also  &  miles 
of  curves  ranging  m>m  8  chains  to  12  chains 
radius.  In  the  whole  work  the  number  of 
viaducts  is  8,  of  tunnels  4,  of  bridges  8,  and  of 
culverts  268.  The  total  excavations  amounted 
to  about  3,040,000  cubic  yards,  of  which 
1,783,000  were  through  rock.  The  cost  of  con- 
struction alone  was  about  £812,000. 


Finis, 

[A  propkeeyf  written  5y  Dr.  Erasmus  Darwix,  about  a.d.  1700.] 

Whbrb  Sjdney  Goto  her  ludd  bosom  swells. 
Courts  her  young  navies,  snd  the  stonn  repels; 
High  on  a  rock  amid  the  troubled  air 
Hops  stood  sublime,  and  waVd  her  golden  hair ; 
Oalm'd  with  her  rosy  smile  the  tossing  deep. 
And  with  sweet  accents  charm'd  the  winds  to  sleep ; 
To  eadi  wild  plain  she  stretched  her  snowy  hand, 
High-waving  wood,  and  sea^endrded  stnnd. 
**  Hear  me,**  she  cried,  **  ye  rising  Realms !  record 
Time's  opening  scenes,  and  Truth's  unerring  word  : — 
There  shall  broad  streets  their  stately  walls  extend. 
Hie  drcos  widen,  and  the  crescent  bend ; 
Theret  rsy'd  from  dties  o'er  the  cultor'd  land. 
Shall  bright  canals,  and  solid  roads  expand : 
There,  the  proud  arch,  C!olossas-l]ke,  bestride 
Yon  glittering  streams,  and  bound  the  diaslng  tide ; 
EmbelUsh'd  villas  crown  the  landscape  scene, 
Tmnoa  wave  with  gold,  and  orchards  blush  between. 
There  Shall  tall  spires,  and  dome-capt  towers  ascend, 
And  piers  and  quays  their  massy  ■trnctures  blend ; 
While  with  each  breese  approaching  vessels  glide, 
And  northern  treasuns  dance  on  every  tide  T'— 
Then  oeas'd  the  nymph — ^tmnultuous  echoes  roar, 
And  Jot's  load  voice  was  heard  tram  shore  to  shore— 
Her  graceful  steps  dfcendJng  press'd  the  plain. 
And  PiACB,  and  Art,  and  Labour,  Johi'd  her  train ! 


[CORRECTIONS   AND   ADDITIONS.] 


MEN    OF   THE   TIME. 


BELL,  Hon.  Joshua  Pxteb.  F^  15,  Beoond 
OQlnimi,  sixth  line  from  bottom,  afUr  the  figores 
"  1863,"  €udd  **  accepted  office  as  Colonial  Trea- 
mrer  in  the  Herbort  Ministry  December  22, 
1864,  which  merged  (Julv  20,  1866)  into  the 
Macalister  Minislvy.    Bested  Aug.  15,  1867." 


TYBRELL,  The  Sig^  Rev.  Williaic,  D.D., 
Bishop  of  Newcastle,  died  (see  page  207)  in 
"Morpeth,"  not  "Newcastle." 

WALKER,  Rev.  James,  M.A.  Page  211' 
last  line,  second  column,  (x/ter  the  word  "eaten, 
add  "by  cattle." 


DICTIONARY    OF    DATES. 


APPOINTMENTS,  Early  Imfsbial. 

Page  11,  first  column, /or  "Walton"   read 

Page  11,  for  "  Rossin,"  read  "  Rossi." 
Page  11,  for  VRaynard,"  read  " Raymond." 

BANKS.    Provincial  and  Suburban  Bank,  Mel- 
bourne, failed  May  17,  1879. 

CHESS. 

The  Intercolonial  Chess  Matoh, '  New  South 
Wales  V,  Victoria,  was  won  by  N.S.W.  The 
scores  were  :  N.S.W.,  3  sames  won ;  Victoria, 
1  game  won,  3  drawn.  May  24  and  26,  1879. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  players : — 

K.  8.  Walm.  YioroBiA. 

Board  L  A.  dumiar  v.  J.  Stenl^ 

2.  T.  J.  Ryao  „  A.  Bum 

&  O.  A.  Runen  „  L.  a  PhiUiiw 

4.  a  M.  Fisher  „  J.  Haxnel 

&  R.  Smith  „  R.  Stephen 

&  W.  Cnne  „  8.  W.  Sedgefleld 

7.  H.  Ott  „  L.  Ctoldsmith 

CBIME& 

Weibera,  robber  of  the  "  Avoca"  gold,  recap- 
tared  by  the  Victorian  polioe,  May  18,  1879. 

Attempted  robbery  ctf  the  Wa^fott  (N.S.W.) 
mail,  May  16,  1879. 

EXECUTIONS.    The  following  are  the  returns 
from  1864  to  1874  :— 

to  death.  Hangsd.  Bapriavad. 

New  South  Wales..  141  86  106 

KewZealAod 160  22  128 

Queenahnd 21  18  8 

Sooth  Austndia....  18  4  9 

TMnuuiia 82  6  26 

Victoria 96  88  68 

Total 458  128  880 

GOLD. 

Pase  110,  seoond  oolnnm,  line  17,  Jor  "Endea- 
vour "  read  "  Palmer." 

Page  110,  second  column,  line26,ybr  ''largest" 
read  "second  largest." 

€k>LX>. — Palboee  Rivxr. — The  quantity  of 
gold  which  has  been  obtained  from  the  Palmer 
Biver  since  its  discovery  by  James  V.  Mulligan 


and  party,  in  June,  1873,  has  been  very  large. 
Between  June  and  December  1873,  all  the  flold 
that  was  obtained  on  the  Palmer — and  i£ere 
were  during  that  period  from  4  to  5,000  miners 
on  ike  field,  lUl  doinff  well — was  brought  to 
Chajiwrs  Towers  and  l^wnsville,  and  that  gold- 
field  and  port  were  of  course,  accredited  with 
the  gold,  and  it  was  not  till  the  establishment 
of  a  Custom  House  at  the  then  newly  discovered 
port  of  Cooktown,  in  December,  1873,  that  any 
of  the  gold  from  the  Palmer  was  brought  to  the 
latter  port. 

The  following  is  an  official  statement  of  gold 
exports  at  Cooktown : — 

Yfx.  On. 

1874  121,481 

1875  162,864 

1876  169,072 

1877  164,079 

1878  108,214 


Valva. 
£486,024 
661,466 
670,888 
610,016 
482,866^ 


TMaX  717,610  £22870,040 

Gold  exported  from  Cleveland  Bay  from  open 
ing  of  the  port  until  the  end  of  the  year  1878 — 


Year. 

1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 
1878 


Quantity. 

on.  dwt.  gr. 
06     0     0 

1,686     0 
20,650     2 

80,870  17 
62,000     9 


Valua 
£ 


a.   d. 


06,118 
111,749 

00,026 
108,840 
106,872 

90,428 
102,866 


6 
7 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


81,879  4  22 
896,898  19  ST 


5,927 
71,926 
106,047 
182,001 
832,014 
891,122 
849,094 
886,780 
886,109 
818,626 
866.604 
276,422 


0 

1 

7 

19 

11 

1 

14 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 


0 
6 
0 
6 
6 
0 
6 
0 
0 
9 
0 
0 
0 


8,172,814  16    0 


HOKOUBS. 

Ferdinand  Von  MiieUer,  K.C.M.G.     1879. 
Colonel  Peter  H.  Scratehley,  C.M.a.     1879. 
P.  A.  Jenninjo,  C.M.O.     1879. 
Christopher  Bolleston,  C.M.G.     1879. 
Maj.-Gen.  Edward  W.  Ward,  K.C.M.G.  1879. 
Edward  Stafford,  E.C.M.G.     1879. 
William  Fox,  K.C.M.G.     1879. 
George  Bentham,  C.M.G.     1879. 
Edward  Richardson,  C.M.G.     1879. 
William  Lamach,  C.M.G.     1879. 


CORRECTIONS  AND  ADDITIONS. 


KANGAROOS. 

Marsupial  Act  came  into  operation  in  Queeua- 
land,  1878. 

The  number  of  marsupials  destroyed  in  Queens- 
land— Kangaroos  and  wallaroos,  195,754 ;  walla- 
bies and  p^damelons,  183,347;  total,  379,201. 
Total  paid  for  scalps  of  marsupials  to  December 
31,  in  Queensland,  £9,615. 

LAND.    VicTOBiA,  1879. 

Extent  of  land  under  occupation  in  Victoria, 
March,  1879,  15,(>55,150  acres  ;  under  tillage  in 
Victoria,  March,  1879,  1,564,924  acres. 

Acre*.  YicU . 


Wheat  058,413 

Oats 105,284 

Barley    22,717 

Maize     1,039 

Rye I,tf4« 

Potatoes    96,404 

Hay    168,048 

Tribacco     1,936 

Vinos 4,437 

Gardens     12.104 

Orchards  8,240 

ArtlflclalOimases....  378,915 


5,716,465  husheli 

2,347,907 

415,424 

40,754 

10,001 

08,620 

205,632 

15,662 

410,833  gallons 


»• 

»« 

>> 
tons 

•« 
cwt 


MINES.  Page  141,  fifth  line,  far  *'Adclong 
Mining  Co.,"  rmd  **  Great  Victoria  Mining  Co., 
Adelong." 

MINISTRIES,  Victoria. 

Page  160,  Une  15  from  bottom/or  *  *  M  *Culloch  " 
read  "Duffy." 

Page  162  after  the  words  "R.  Le  Poer  Trench, " 
read  "  succeeded  by  Sir  Bryan  O'Loghlen,  as 
Attorney-General,  1878." 

Same  page  after  words  "  Henry  Cuthbert " 
oflW  "resimed,  succeeded  by  James  BroM-n 
Paterson,  Acting-Postmaster-General,  1878." 

NEWSPAPERS. 

Pace  173,  in  the  paragraph  **  Sijdnet/  Morning 
Herald"  instead  of  "  (weekly  newspaper)  first 
issue  April,  1831,  title  Sydney  Hrrald^'  read 
"first  issued  as  a  weekly  newspaper  April  18, 
1831,  title  Sydney  Herald." 

OBITUARY. 

Geobgk  Fife  Anoas,  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  colony  of  South  Australia,  died  at  Angaston, 
S.A.,  May  15,  1879. 

PARLIAMENTS  (N.Z.)  Page  200,  "List  of 
Members  of  House  of  Representatives,"  omit 
"Dignan.". 

PEDESTRIANISM. 

Charles  Langton  Loekton,  the  champion  ama- 
teur jumper  and  hurdle-racer  of  England,  is  a 
Tasmanian  by  birth.  His  father  was  many 
years  ago  the  Anglican  minister  at  Windermere, 
East  Tamar,  and  Charles  was  bom  there  on  2nd 
July,  1856,  but  was  taken  to  England  earlv  and 
educated  at  the  Merchant  Taylors'  school.  In 
1869  he  first  entered  the  pedestrian  arena,  and 
for  the  next  two  years  confined  his  successes  to 
bis  school  sports,  not  appearing  in  public  com- 
petitions tul  April,  1872.  During  the  past 
seven  years  up  to  1879  however  his  success  has 
been  wonderful,  and  his  pcrfonnances  in  high 


jump,  wide  jump,  hurdles,  and  handicaps,  have 
been  simply  unparalleled  in  the  hirtoiy  of 
athletics.  Contesting  at  nearly  all  classes  of 
sports,  he  contested  17  high  jumps,  winning 
14  and  being  second  thrice.  In  long  jumping 
he  has  won  27,  twice  second,  and  once  unplaced, 
out  of  30  events,  and  he  has  won  'all  the  spring 
high  jumps  he  contended  for.  In  handicaps  he 
lias  won  26  trial  heats,  second  four  times,  and 
unplaced  three,  while  in  the  final  heat  he  has 
oom^ted  34  races,  winning  12,  six  times  second, 
six  times  third,  and  ten  times  unplaced.  Twice 
he  has  put  the  weight,  winning  once  and  being 
third  another  time,  and  was  victorious  in  the 
only  tug  of  war  he  contested.  In  level  races, 
country  trial,  and  final  heats  he  has  competed  67 
times.  Manning  60,  being  second  four  times,  twice 
third,  and  once  unplaced.  Alto^ther  he  has 
contested  in  187  competitions,  winning  no  lees 
than  144,  being  second  19  times,  third  9  times, 
and  unplaced  15  times. 

W.  f^itcards,  a  native  of  London,  aged  28, 
5  feet  7^  inches  high,  undertook  to  walk  180 
miles  within  48  hours  at  the  Guild  Hall,  Sydney. 
He  completed  the  distance  half-an-hour  within 
time,  May  17,  1879. 

RAILWAYS. 

Mount  Gambier  and  Rivoli  Bay  Railway, 
S.A.,  o|)ened  by  Sir  W.  D.  Jervois,  May  19, 
1879. 

Gcelong  and  Qucenscliff  Railway  opened  by 
the  Marquis  of  Normanby,  May  21,  1879. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC. 

Rev.  Francis  Mun)hy,  D.D.,  first  Bishop  con- 
secrated in  New  Holland  at  St.  Mary's  Cathe- 
dral, Sydney,  September  8,  1844. 

Oc*'antca. 

Missions  of  the  Society  of  Mary  ("Marist 
Fathers.")    First  Mission  founded,  1842. 

New  SoutJi  Wales, 

'  Parent  House,  Sydney :  Rev.  R.  P.  Joly, 
Procurator.  Address — Sydney,  N.S.W.  Villa 
Maria,  Huntcr*s  Hill,  3  clergymen  {See  Sydney). 
St.  Patrick's,  Sydney,  3  clergymen  {See  Sydney). 

Kexn  Zealand  {Diocese  of  WelUngtan). 

Right  Rev.  Francis  Redwood,  Bishop  {See 
New  Zealand). 

Vicariate  Apostolic  of  Central  Oceanica, 

Right  Rev.  Peter  Bataillon,  Bishop.  (Ad- 
dress—Sydney, N.S.W.) 

Vicariate  Apostolic  of  Navigators'  Islands, 

Right  Rev.  Ludovic  EUoy,  Bishop.  (Ad- 
dress— Sydney,  N.S.W.) 

Vicar icUe  Apostolic  qfNew  Caledonia. 

Right  Rev.  Ferdinand  Vitte,  Bishop,  (Ad- 
dress— New  Caledonia.) 

Prefecture  Apostolic  qf  Viti  {Fm). 

Very  Rev.  R.  P.  Breh^r^t,  Prefect  Apostolic. 
(Address — Ovalau,  Fiji.) 

STOCK. 

Page  262,  line  24,  first  column,  for  "New 
South  Wales,"  read  "Victoria." 


THE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  SANTA  CRUZ 


This  book  is  due  on  the  last  DATE  stamped  below. 


lOOm-8,'65  ( FS282a8  )  2878 


H2L     ^  «i 


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