ftass
Book
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT
/
AN AUTHENTIC REPORT
— AND —
HI S T O R.^2-
— OF —
ST. ANDREWS BAY,
BY PAUL A. CL1FF0Rd\
This Book has an especial reference to the property dig.
posed of by the St. Andrews Railroad Land and Mining
Company, in which thousands are interested.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
1888.
^~:l I
r
e4
Copyright by Robert O'NeU, St. An Irew., F.a. Sae page
PALMETTO TREE.
FROM A PHOTO BY PRO!. HAND, 8T. ANDREWS, FLA.
CONTENTS.
THE ORGANIZATION ; 5
OUR DEPARTURE 7
TITLE OF LAND 9
PEN.SACOLA HARBOR 10
FROM PENSACOLA TO ST. ANDREWS 11
OUR ARRIVAL 12
THE INVESTIGATION 13
DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND, ETC 14
DISTANCE OF LOTS FROM POST-OFF lUE 20
THE SOIL 24
COST OF CLEARING THE LAND 26
THE CLIMATE 27
HEALTH OF THE COUNTRY 29
THE WATER 31
ITS INDUSTRIES; BEE KEEPING ETC 32
ST. ANDREWS BAY 35
FISH AND OYSTERS 36
SAW MILLS.— INDOLENT INHABITANTS 37
PROSPECTS -..40
THE COST OF BUILDING 43
ST. ANDREWS MARKET REPORT 44
TAX ASSESMENT , 46
CONCLUSION T. 59
PREFACE.
It has been the aim of the author to state focts in a
simple, but concise way; just as if he were sitting by your
side conversing upon matters pertaining to St. Andrews
Bay, from personal observation . This work is not a novel,
but a straightforward, truthful statement of its prospects,
advantages, disadvantages, etc. It is a volume of valua-
ble information, worth a greatdeal to any one interested at
St. Andrews, as it can be relied upon as a true statement
I from actual observation. Circumstances over which the
author had no control has delayed the publication at
an earlier date.
Errata.— It is t » be regreted that several errors have
crept in, which is due to "proof reading," the most im-
portant are as follows:
On page 31, where it reads " we then sat this out to
cool," should read *'we had set this out to cool." On
page 23, where it reads (see prefac.-) we refer you to
page 47. On page 43, -May"' should read, map. On
page 40, (after the description of ''Indolent Inhabitants")
begins the subject ''prospects" the heading being left out.
The Author.
THE ORGANIZATION.
^""^URINGthe months of Octo])er, November,
U and December, 1SS6, np to March, 1887,
the St. Andrews Bay Railroad, Land, and Min-
ing company, Washington County, Florida,
(office 227 Main street, Cincinnati, Ohio),
through advertising in the leading news-
papers in the country, also issuing pamphlets
and circulars, giving elaborate descriptions,
glowing accounts, and magnificent pictures
of a ''balloon view" of St Andrews and vicin-.
ity, attracted the attention of thousands who,
upon these representations, invested their
money, securing warranty deeds of (with but
few exceptions) lots ranging from 26 x 88
to 22 X 165 feet.
Probably nine-tenths of all who invested
in this property did so with the intention of
making their home in the ''Land of Flowers.''
It now became a question of importance,
and of considerable anxiety, to know if the
representations of this company were truthful.
Is the title of this land perfect? How far
are lots located from St. Andrews Bay? Will
it pay to settle on them? What are they
worth? What are the products of the coun-
6 Authentic Beport of
try? Its future prospects, society, church
privileges, etc., which we are fully able to
answer in the following pages of this work.
From experience we found that no informa-
tion whatever could be obtained from any
source through correspondence with parties
from whom we had reason to expect some at-
tention; but to the contrary, in most instances
would pay no attention only by the return
stamp on the envelope and send back with no
reply. We were naturally indignant, and be-
gan to devise means by which we might ob-
tain the desired information.
In November, 1887, we inserted in a Cleve-
land newspaper the foUov/ing notice:
'Tarties liolding deeds of lands purchased
of St. Andrews Bay Eailroad, Land and Min-
ing Co., Washington County, Florida, will
hear of something to their advantage, by
sending address to Paul A. Clifford, Cleveland,
Ohio, at the same time a meeting being called,
to be held at my oihce. A large number were
in attendance at the meeting, the matter dis-
cused, and it was agreed that a society be
permanently organized under the name of "St.
Andrews Bay Investigation Association."
The following officers were duly elected:
St. Andi'ews Bai/, Florida. 7
President, J. Otis ; Vice-President, A. Stein ;
Secretary, P. A. Clifford ; Treasurer, Dr.
Darby. It was thought advisable by the
association, that an investigation should be
made, which w^ould enhance the interests of
all concerned, and at the same time it was
considered best to assess each holder of deed
twenty-five cents, in order to raise funds
sufficient to send one of our number to St.
Andrews Bay, make a thorough investigation
of said property, and report the same to the
association, that all contributors might have
a reliable statement of affairs as they actually
appeared. Accordingly we were appointed to
make this investigation.
OUR DEPARTURE.
On February 15th, Ave took our departure
for the South, taking the Bee Line from Cleve-
land to Cincinnati.
We stopped off at Cincinnati one day , for
the purpose of calling upon the editor of The
Progressive South, 256 Main street, but found
j he was not in t^he city. My object was to
I learn whether or no the Journal was in the
interest of the company, but the information
was unsatisfactory. We then called at the
general office, 227 Main street, and inquired
8 Authentic Beport of
for Mr. Weber, but he was not in. We made
our business known to the head clerk, Mr. W.
H. Whetstone, who cordially invited us into
the inner-office. He said, ''We have heard
something of this Investigation Association,
having received one of your circulars. We
have no objections, and are anxious that an
examination of the affair, so far as we are
concerned, be made, ha^dng no fear but that
our connection with the St. A. R. R. L. & M.
Co. is correct. " You see those pigeon holes ?
(pointing to scores of square holes around the
office). Well, they contain recorded deeds
for parties to whom we have mailed according
to address, as you see by the post marks,
''returned," "uncalled for." Now, sir, you can
see at once, that we are not to blame for care-
lessness on the part of correspondence in this
direction. We have been unable, so far, to
find where to send the deeds, or return the
money, and we are not only willing, but anx-
ious, to send the money or deeds, to all who
will notify us of their correct address. AVe
have been persecuted through the Press, but I
assure you there has been no just cause for
complaint, as our intention has been, from
the outset, to deal honestly with all wdio have
done business with the compan3^
St. A7id)'ews Bay, Florida. 9
ARRIVAL AT PENSACOLA.
We took the 8 p. m. train on the Louisville
& Nashville Rail Road, at Cincinnati, arriving
at Pensacola on Thursda}^, February 16th, at
1) a. m. Upon our arrival we learned that the
Schooner ^'Nettie" would not leave her dock
until Frida}' night, the 17th, so we had a day's
stroll about town. I called at the office of W. J.
Van Kirk & Co., Real Estate Dealers, that we
might, if possibly, learn more about this busi-
ness, as from previous correspondence, we had
been informed that the Cincinnati company
had purchased this property from the Van
Kirk Co., of Pensacola. These gentlemen re-
ceived me cordially, and gave me a great deal
of valuable information, which was of mate-
rial benefit to us in making the investigation
at St. Andrews. We give the statement of Mr.
Van Kirk, in his own language, in reference
to the title of this propert}^
TITLE OF LAND.
"We would say, that the railroad land that
the Cincinnati Co. purchased of us down at
St. Andrews, was donated from the State, to
the railroad company; said railroad company
holding deeds, signed by the Governor and
his cabinet. As to the land that the Cincin-
nati Co. purchased from Van Kirk, Dubois &
10 Authentic Report of
Webb, personally, this land, said V. D. & W.
entered from the U. S. by cash entry."
There is no doubt as to the genuineness of
the title to this property, as in either transac-
tion there has been but one transfer made.
PENSACOLA HARBOR.
Although this work is principally a report
of St. Andrews Bay, and vicinity, yet a passing
notic e of Pensacola Bay and Harbor, would
be no more than justice, as well as interesting
to the reader. Pensacola Bay, is one of the
finest ports and harbors on the Gulf of Mex-
ico. It has an area of about 200 squp^re
miles; is thirty miles long; of an average
width of at least three miles, and a depth of
from twenty-five to thirty feet, which is also
found at the wharves at Pensacola. This
thriving and enterprising city, has a popula-
tion of about 14,000. The Louisville & Nash-
ville, the Pensacola & Perdido railroads now
run into the city. The Pensacola & Memphis
railroad broke dirt on June 1st, and will be
completed within the year; making Pensacola
the seat of a large and increasing trade in
timber, lumber, naval stores, and fish. The
rapid growth of the surrounding country is
adding to, and diversifying the commerce.
Vessels of any draught, can sail right up to
St. Andrews Bay, Florida. 11
the wharves. There is everything, in fact,
that is needed to furnish facilities for the
largest sort of commerce.
FROM FENSACOLA TO ST. ANDREWS.
We left Pensacola on board the schooner
"Nettie" about 11 p. m., with two other pas-
sengers, arriving at St. Andrews Bay on Sun-
day morning, the 19th, making the trip in
seven days. If one was sure of connections
at Pensacola, oy boat, the trip could be made
in three days. The fare from Cleveland to
Pensacola, first-class, $25. 2o; from Pensacola
to St. Andrews, by boat, $5.00 By the way
of Chipley, $5.25. From Chipley accross the
country to St. Andrews, by stage, a distance
of sixty-five miles, from $5.00 to $7.00 besides
hotel bill on the route. There is a Steam-
ship line from Pensacola, down the Gulf of
Mexico, touching at Tampa, Key West, and
other ports on the coast, but does not make
regular trips to St. Andrews, a distance of
125 miles, making it comparatively unpleas-
ant; although captain Frank Ware, and crew,
of the Schooner^ "Nettie,'' are gentlemanly,
[ and endeavor to make everything as comfort-
able as possible for passengers during the
voyage. If not detained by storms or head
winds, the schooner leaves her dockatPensa-
12 Authentic Report of
cola, every Friday night, arriving at St. ki\-
drews, Saturday night or Sunday.
Strangers coming to St. Andrews by water
from Pensacola are attracted by the peculiar
snow-white sand, all the way down the coast,
resembling the snow banks in the North.
This sand can be utilized in the manufacture
of glass, artificial stone, etc. A gentleman at
St. Andrews has been experimenting with
this sand in the manufacture of marble, with
gratifjang results, producing some very hne
specimens.
OUR ARRIVAL.
As the vessel rounded Capt. Ware's wha^rve
at St. Andrews, her lines being made fast, we
were greeted by the usual compliment of hotel
and boarding-house agents, who, with much
zeal, represented to us the advantage to be
derived, by taking up our abode in their re-
spective domicils. At this moment we discov-
ered our grip-sack walking down the pier, and
naturally inclining my footsteps in that direc-
tion, soon brought up at the Hamilton house,
a cottage home, and but a few steps from the
beech, and only a short distance from the Post-
Ofhce. J. S. Hamilton (who is now proprietor
of St. Andrews hotel), and his estimable wife,
have a faculty of making things pleasant and
Autlientic Report of 13
home-like, and guests soon feel as much free-
dom, as if they were in their own home, en-
joying the comforts of the family circle.
After dinner, we took our seats out on the
porch, where we had a delightful view of St.
Andrews Ba}^ whose placid waters were dotted
with small sail crafts, freighted with pleasure
seekers. My thoughts of home were w^afted
back to Cleveland, where but a few days befote
v/e were in a climate of overcoats and mittens,
the mercury frisking about the zero point;
base burners kept booming to keep Jack frost
from crossing the threshhold; and instead of
the sailing j^acht, the majestic steed and sleigh
of 2-40 record, with its festive load muffled
to the eyes with robes and sealskins, mean-
dering up and down Euclid Avenue, while we
are sitting on the porch at the hotel at St.
Andrews Bay with the temperature at 75^ F.
enjoying a balmy breeze wafted from the
Gulf of Mexico. Well, I thought this is about
as near "Paradise" as one can get on this earth,
THE INVESTIGA.TION.
The first thing I did next morning, Monday,
was to make inquiry, and obtain all the
information we could, in reference to this
property. We purchased a sectional map of
township three and four, south, range four-
14: St. Andreivs Bay, Florida.
teen west, and marked the several lots and
parcels, as described in Quarter Sections, and
blocks, according to descriptions, as received
from contributors, so as to know, as near as
possible, their location, as we went over the
tract. We had been informed that we would
find but few of the stakes, on the corners of
blocks, they in many instances having been
burned, as a tire had run through the woods,
and others had been knocked down, as they
had not been securely driven into the ground.
We found that it was much more of an
undertaking than we had supposed, and
that it would be impossible for us to go over
every lot, as it would require a surveyor, at a
great expense, and there had been no provi-
sion made for that purpose. It rained a por-
tion of several days, which prevented us for
the time being, from going into the woods.
It is said by residents here, .that during the
winter months, rains ate quite frequent, and
that enough falls during the summer, to keep
the ground moist, so that vegetation does
not suffer from drouth.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND, ETC.
The tract of St. Andrews Bay, Railroad,
Land, and Mining Co. extends over nearly
the whole of township 3 south, range 14 west;
Authentic Report of 15
also sections 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, of township 4
south, range 14 west; making a body of land,
nearly six miles, by seven miles, in dimen-
sions, or forty-two square miles. I have been
over this land in several directions, and found
a greater portion covered with scattering
pitch-pine timber, ranging in size from six to
eighteen inches in diameter, growing to tjie
height of from forty to sixty feet without a
limb ; the larger growth being valuable for
lumber. The land is generally high and dry^
of a greyish, sandy soil, although there are
tracts of three, five, and perhaps ten acres, of
a slight depression, an*d sometimes after a
heavy rain will be somewhat wet, but soon
dries off. The subsoil of this low land is a
hard clay, or as the natives call it, " hard-pan."
It is generally covered with a rank growth of
sward grass, which makes good pasture for
stock.
A considerable portion of the land is inter-
spersed with "Tie-Ties," or what are common-
ly termed in the North '' Catholes ; " the only
difference thos^ of the North are invariabl}^
a low, wet, marshy place, filled with flags, cat-
tails and frogs; while the '' tie-ties " here is a
piece of land containing one, and sometimes
three or more acres. These " Tie-ties " are
16 St. Andrews Bajj, Florida.
almost impenetrable by man or beast, owing
to the heavy growth of brush or prickly pear-
wood, intermingled with a variety of vines
and briers. These "Tie-ties" are nsuallv ]on«r
and narrow, often being but twenty to fifty
feet in width, and several rods in length. And
what seems so wonderful is that a stream of
water, fed by springs along the banks, runs
through the center. On an average there are
from two to five "tie-ties" on a quarter sec-
tion. The first impression a stranger would
have of one of these places, would be that
they were worthless; a great waste; full of
malaria; a breeder of disease; but this is a
mistake. By clearing these tie-ties, you have
from two to six feet of black muck, a fertili-
zer that is of great value, and of sufficient
quantity to enrich every foot of land in Fla.;
beside, you have a stream of living water for
stock and irrigation purposes. As I before
stated, this tract extends six miles from east
to west, and about seven miles from north
to south. With but few exceptions, it is laid
out in blocks containing from 2^ to 5 acres;
each block containing from 32 to 40 lots,
varying in size, according to plat or system.
I will discribe block plated in diagram No. 1
as quoted from printed statement of the com-
pany:
Authefitic Report of 17
"Streets are fifty feet wide, except on out-
side lines, which are 25 feet.
^'Blocks are 330 feet, by 660 feet, and con-
tain five acres. They run to center of street.
"Lots are 44 feet, by 165 feet; they contain
one-sixth of an acre, and run to center of
street; small lots on north and south end of
blocks are 26 x 88 feet.
"Alleys are 18 feet wide, and run north and
south through the center of each block; lots
run to center of alley.''
Two systems were employed in platting this
tract into blocks, as described in diagrams
No. 1 and No. 2. In block No. 1, the lots on
the end are 26 x 88 feet; and on the side 44 by
165 feet; so that all descriptions of lots 22 by
165 feet, represent one-half of one lot in this
system of block. For instance: a description,
(belonging to a subscriber), reads thus: south
half lot 6, S. -I of lot 7, S 4 of lot 8, S. A of lot 9
and S 4 of lot 10; each 22x165 feet, signifies
one-half lots, as represented in diagram No. 1.
Other parties holding deeds of alternate one-
half lots, another description reads thus :
(as ajoining lot) north one-half of lot 26, and
S. I of lot 27, which comprises the size of one
lot 44x165 feet; other parties owning the
other one-half of each lot.
IS
St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
No. 1.
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3
4
5
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40
39
38
37
36
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16
17
18
19
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25
27
23
22
21
Authentic Report of
No. 2.
19
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20 St. Andrews Bay, Florida. " ^
Lot 25x102 feet, as platted in the second
series as represented in diagram No. 2. Ac-
cording to the company's description of pkit,
the lot begins at center of street, which are
50x25 feet. One-half of street and alle}^ are
taken off the end of lots, so that all lots are
minus the distance of from 12-i to 25 feet, and
nine feet for alley.
The manner in which most of these lots are
sold in S3^stem No. 1, can. onl}^ be explained
by the company. Many deeds call for one
lot o2 X 165 feet, when in reality it is but a
one-half lot, whether it is the north one-half
or the south one-half is not designated, and
when surveyed, confusion is liable bo occur.
Other descriptions are north, or south one-
half of several lots, while alternate one-half
lots belong to other parties. If these one-
half lots w^ere side by side, they might be of
considerable value, but besng divided are
much depreciated in value.
DISTANCE FKOM POST-OFFICE-
The Post-OfHce at St. Andrews is located in
Section one, of Township four, south, Range
fifteen, west. The following Table gives the
distance of Sections, in Townships three and
four, south, Range fourteen, west, from cen-
ter of Section.
Authentic Report of 21
The Bay extends from the South around to
the North of T. 3, S. R. R., 14, west, the north
part of the Bay being ca.lled the ^' North
Ann." So that very few lots] are farther
than three or four miles from some part of
the Bay.
Sec, Bay P. O. j Sec. Bay P. O.
Miles. Miles. | Miles. Miles.
1 * 10 24 a 7
2^9 25 4 7
8 4 8 26 4 6
4 4i 7 27 a 3
7 i 6 28 8 4
8^6 29 2* 8
9 1 8 30 ll 2
10 1 7 31 ii 2
11 1 9 32 2 3
12 H 10 38 2i 4
13 2i 9 34 3" 5
14 ^ 8 35 8 6
15 2 7 36 U 7
17 1 6 T. 4, S. R. 14
18 i 5 13 6
19 1 3 2 2 5
20 2 4 3 2 4
21 3 5 4 13
22 3 5i 5 i 2
23 8 6 6 i 1
22 St, Andrews Bcfij J Florida. " '
PROPOSED RAILROADS.
A few years since, a railroad was surveyed
and partly graded from Cbipley to St. An-
drews Bay, a brief history of which, will be of
interest to the reader. The following inform-
ation was given me by a gentleman, who at
that time, was in a position to know all the
particulars:
*^In regard to the railroad from Chipley to
St. Andrews, which is partly graded, I would
say that one D. C. Aldrid, of Chicago, claimed
that he could build this railroad; and came
down here with a corps of engineers, and put
them to work; and after having made the sur-
vey, contracted for building said railroad
with a railroad contractor, of this country,
named F. W. Vischer, who w^orked until the
first payment was due, up to which time he
had nearly all the right away cut, and about
twenty miles of grading done, and as Aldrid
failed to show any finances it was dropped
there, and nothing since has been done ."
As regards a railroad to St. Andrews Bay,
there are two lines surveyed. The old dine,
which is partly graded from Chipley, running
on the town line between 13 and 14 west, to
St. Andrews Bay. The other line is surveyed
Authentic Beport of 2Z
from (see preface) through near the center of
the Cincinnati Oo.'s tract to the Bay.
The reader must bear in mind, that this
whole tract is a wilderness, with scattei-ing
yellow" pine, scrub oak, palmetto, and tie-ties.
The stage road, (called the Chipley road), runs
through nearly the center of this tract, and
one can ride several miles without seeing k
house, or signs of agricultural pursuits. I
would not say that the company's transaction
is fraudulent. Thej^ made a bona fide sale of
these lots, and so far as I have been able to
examine, the deeds are valid and regularly
recorded at Vernon, the County Seat. The
lots are small in size; but the investment
is also proportionately small. This, however,
does not excuse the company, for the com-
plicated manner in which this property is
platted, w^hich must cause much confusion
when the lots come to be surveyed.
In the event of either of the two roads al-
ready surveyed, being completed to St. An-
drews Bay, it will open up this whole country,
and these city lots will be of some value.
There will, no doubt, be much trouble ex-
perienced in the future, from the manner in
which deeds have been granted for these lots.
24 St. Andrews Bay, Florida,
For instance, I have several descriptions from
families consisting of parents and children, the
children ranging in ages from eighteen to
twenty years, dow^n to one month; deeds made
to each individual from six, eight or more in
a family. In case parties should let their
property go by default, from non-payment of
taxes, a clear title cannot be given, for when
these minors become of age could claim this
property, no matter what value might have
accrued from the natural rise in the marlvet
price of real estate, or improvements on the
same.
THE SOIL.
The soil is of a very light quality, and of
a greyish color, except in the low lands,
where it is of a dark loam. People from the
north coming to St. Andrews, are amazed at
the apparent barrenness of some of the land;
are apt to pronouncethe soil worthless, so far
as a high degree of productiveness is con-
cerned. When I visited St. Andrews in Feb-
ruary, I was much impressed with the barren
and worthless appearance of the soil through-
out this countr3^ I went down there for the
purpose of learning what I could about this
country, and worked dilligently to accomplish
that end. Although the appearance of the
i.
Authentic Beport of 25
surface is anything but encouraging to one
contemplating agricultural pursuits, yet from
a personal examination of the soil am satis-
fied that, with but little trouble, and compar-
atively small expense, the land can be brought
to a high state of productiveness. Where the
land has been cultivated and fertilized for a fev^^
years, a marked change is apparent. The
once light gray soil has met with a wonder-
ful transformation, and is now of a dark sandy
loam, producing the most luxuriant growth of
vegetation. I saw two patches of Irish pota-
toes, that were planted on the 8th of Decem-
ber, looking as fine as any I ever saw in the
north, and in February had a mess for dinner.
It reallj^ seems as if nature had done more
for St. Andrews and surrounding country
than for anj^ other portion of the continent.
This country needs men and women of nerve,
enterprise, and pluck. It requires as much
labor, hardship, and endurance, to clear,
and to cultivate land in Florida, as it does in
any State in the Union. The land must be
fertilized, before satisfactory results can be
obtained; but iwhen Vv^e consider the natural
resources at hand, and the comparativelj^
small expense with which to accomplish it,
it is surprising that St. Andrews had not been
settled by enterprising people fifty years ago.
26 St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
The tie-ties interspersed throughout tlie coun-
try are of incalculable value for this purpose.
A rich muck, from three to six feet in depth,
which, being mixed with a small cjuantity
of lime, make a strong, rich compost of suffi-
cient quantity to enrich the whole State.
Another fertilizer, is a sea grass and moss,
that washes up on the beech from the Ba}'.
Hundreds of loads can be obtained with no
expense but the hauling. If people would lay
out the same amount of capital and labor
on the land here, that is done in the north, a
far greater margin on the investment would
be realized.
COST OF CLEARING LAND.
The cost of clearing and subduing the land
wholly depends on the condition of the same.
In some localities the ; expense is compara-
tively light; costing from eight to twenty
dollars per acre; while in other localities,
the cost would be from fifty to one hundred
dollars per acre; but the latter price is of rare
exception. The " hummock" land, which is
generally covered with live oak, hickory, and
other varieties of hard wood, is considered the
most difficult and expensive to clear, but is
said to be the best land. The greatest diffi-
culty experienced in clearing some of this
Authentic Report of 27
land, is that in cutting out the roots of the
'^Saw Palmetto.'' The roots are from three
to six inches in diameter, and from four to six
feet in length. These Palmetto roots are of
a curious growth, of a strong, fibrous nature
and can be unwound, having the appearance
of being woven. They are used in the man-
ufacture of paper wheels used for our fine
railroad coaches; the fibrous are also used in
the manufacture of brushes etc.; although at
St. Andrews, the roots are piled up and burned
After the land is cleared, a substantial fence
is necessary, as hogs and cattle are allowed to
run at large.
THE CLIMATE.
This is a very important consideration, to
all contemplating a home at St. Andrews.
The winters are similar to our Indian sum-
mer in Ohio, having occasional frosts, and
occasionally a chilly day — in fact, an over-
coat would make it much more comfortable.
There is one peculiar feature in regard to the
winds in winter. Although they are quite
strong at times^, and chilly, yet there is not
that edge, which we experience farther north ;
but the air is soft and quite invigorating.
I was at St. Andrews in the months of Feb-
28 St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
riiary and March, and during that time, there
was only two days but what the honey bee
was at work. On the night of the^ 7th of
March, the thermometer marked 28^ F, but at
8 o'clock a.m., the weather had moderated,
and before noon the mercury had risen into
the forties. In the yard stood a tub contain-
ing water, which had frozen to the thickness
of one-fourth of an inch. I naturally ex-
pected to find vegetation killed by the frost. I
visited a potatoe patch, that was planted on
the 8th of December, and found that only the
very tips of the vines were injured. I then
visited an orange and fig grove, but found the
trees had received no injury whatever; and
when, on the 8th day of April, I left St. An-
drews, on my return home, these trees were
loaded with fruit. The saltwater breeze from
the Bay had neutralized the frost, leaving
vegetation uninjured. There can be no doubt,
however, but that if this extreme cold weather
had continued twenty-four hours, the result
would have proved disastrous. This was the
coldest night of the winter. The climate
is considerably warmer in winter, than is
found in the same parallel farther west.
As regards the summer temperature, from
personal observation, am unable to report-
Authentic Report of • 29
but a gentleman from Ohio, now residing at
St. Andrews, stated that last summer '87), the
w^armest day the thermometer registered 97^ F
a temperature seldom reached in this locality;
still, it was not uncomfortably warm weather,
as there is a constant breeze off the Gulf,
''Sun Stroke" has never been know^n on the
western coast of Florida; neither is the cli-
mate subject to sudden changes as is experi-
enced farther north. This country lies south
of the thirty-first parallel, and in the north-
ern belt of the north-east trade winds of the
Atlantic. This accounts for the constant and
delightful breeze experienced on the coast.
Although the days in summer are quite warm,
the nights are correspondingly cool, blankets
being necessary to make one comfortable,
giving refreshing sleep and rest to the weary.
HEALTH OF THE COUNTRY.
Upon the dry lands nothing but imprudent
exposure of person ; eating unwholesome food;
drinking impure water; and by living near
extensive swamps and marshes, will induce
malarial disease. There is nothing in the soil,
water, or vegetable growth that will cause
miasma. The flat, wet lands off the dry ridges,
the thick hummocks, cypress swamps, and
banks of tidal sloughs are to be avoided as
36 St. Andreivs Bay, Florida. '^^
places for residences; all others are healthy
locations.
''On the dry lands, pure springs supply the
best of drinking water. That much dreaded
scourge, Yellow Fever, has nex^er been known
to enter the dry pine ridges, and the whole
region is unknown to death-dealing dyphthe-
ria and typhoids^ so common in the North.
Also/small pox^ measles, and scarratina, lose
its virulence. The heat from the rays of the
sun never prostrates a man in the field, for
the hottest hour of less than 100 degrees al-
ways has its accompanying breezes, and is
followed by a cool night for refreshing sleep.'^
The country on either side of St, Andrews
Bay is of this dry ridge pine la,nd, hence the
healthfulness of the climate is assured. All
classes of chronic disease of the kidneys, and
incipient pulmonary cases are benefited, and
in many instances a permanent cure effected
by a few months^ residence. I knew of sev-
eral of the ver}^ worst cases of catarrh cured
in three or four weeks; also, two cases of
chronic rheumatism, I had been troubled
with ^kidney complaint for years, but after
three weeks here were free from the complaint
and was in perfect health forthe first time in
several years.
r Authentic Report of 31
THE WATER,
There seems to-be a deposit or body of soft
pure water underlying St, Andi-ews and vi-
cinity, at a distance of but twelve to twenty
feet from the surface. An abundance of wa-
ter may be obtained by putting down what is
known as a ^'drove well.'' To build one 'of
these wells all one has to do is to provide him-
self with an 14 gas pipe, the required length,
attach a perforated point, and with a maul
drive it into the ground. Then screw on an or-
dinary pump (fitted for the purpose) and your
well is complete. One day, being quite thirsty
after a long walk, I stopped at a house and
asked for a drink of water. The gentleman
of the house took a glass and dipped the wa-
ter out of a pail. I requested of him to let
me pump it fresh from the well; " but," says
he, ''You will not find it as good; it is warmer;"
we then sat it out to cool. The water, when
first drawn, is several degrees warmer than
the atmosphere, and is very much improved
and made cooler by being drawn and set aside
for awhile. These wells are inexhaustible,
during the dryest of weather, and put down
anywhere on high ridge land the purest and
most healthy water may be obtained. The
cost of sinking one of these wells, including
32 St. Andrews Bai/j Florida.
pipe, pump, and labor, is from twelve to fif-
teen dollars.
ITS INDUSTRIES,
St. Andrews, though rich in resources, as
yet is an undeveloped town. It has a popu-
lation of 1,200 or 1,400, nearly all northern
people who have settled here within the past
three years. During that time quite a num-
ber of fine residences have been erected, be-
sides many other similar ones being in pro-
gress of erection, giving the aspect of a thriv-
ing town. The people are sober, industrious
and enterprising, and of the very best society.
They have their temperance and literary so-
cieties— four churches, the Presbyterian, the
Baptist, the Methodist, and the Evangelical.
BEE-KEEPING IN FLORIDA.
One of the most profitable industries is bee
keeping; an extract from a report by W. S.
Hart Vice-President North America Bee-Kee-
pers' Society^ will be of interest to the reader.
^'Florida, though possessing within her bor-
ders all the requisites for successful bee-keep-
ing, is in that, as in many other branches of
industry, one of the last States of the Union
to have her wonderful resources developed by
the magic wand of skilled labor. Not until
Authentic Report of S3
within the last four or five years has her
honey been known in the markets of the
north.
To those who know Florida as the "Land of
Flowers," sunshine, of snowless winters, the
home of the honey-bee, where no diseases of
any kind have ever been known to effect
them, it seems strange that skilled apiarists
should not have been attracted to her pleas-
ant shores rather than trust their fortunes in
Ohio, New York, Michigan or Canada, where
many a fine apiary is* nearly or quite
destroyed, and the hopes of its owners blasted,
by the cold and its after effects, each season.
How often does the evening's mail bring to
the writer the sad story of the Northern bee-
keeper, telling of the loss of 20, 50 or 100 per
cent, of his bees "freezing out," starving out,
at a time when they could not be fed, "spring
dwindling" or dysentery, and expressing the
hope that he might soon migrate to this fa-
vored State, where none of these troubles are
known. It may be supposed by some, as a
possible reasoil for this slow development
here, that perhaps our honey is of poor qual-
ity, small in quantity or uncertain in its flow,
or that the bees, learning that they can get
enough to eat at almost any time, get lazy
34 St. Andreivs Baij, Florida.
and will not store much surpltrs. Neither of
which surmises are true, as Can be shown by
the experience of the writer who eight years
ago, took home two swarms of bees, since
which time he has increased his apiary to 148
stands, and never until this season got an
annual averasre of less than one hundred and
thirty pounds of extracted honey p'er stand.
The season of 1884 we started with 88 sands,
increased to 117, and took a little over 23,000
pounds, or ele\en tons and a half qf honey, by
actual weight, per stand. So much for quan-
tity, lazy bees and the reliability of the crop."
There are eight groceries and dry-goods
stores; one furniture store; two drug-stores;
three hardware stores; two jew^elry stores;
two millinery and dress-making; several ho-
tels and boarding-houses; a brass band; one
newspaper, The Messenger, terms, $1.50 per
year; and tw^o public schools. There are also
three schooners making regular trips between
St. Andrews and Pensacola.
The town extends about two miles along
the Bay, with scattering buildings. There are
no saloons, consequently no jail or poor-house,
but a quiet, God-fearing, and law-abiding
people.
.* Authentic Report of 35
ST. ANDREWS BAY.
This is the most beautiful and picturesque
body of water off. the Gulf of Mexico. It ex-
tends east, west, and north, a distance of over
sixty miles, extending (as before mentioned)
around three sides of the land belongin^^ to
the Cincinnati Co. This great body of salt^
water is from one to seven miles in w^idth,
and of good depth, to Vv^hich naturally is trib-
utary a wide area of timbered land. The
depth of water over the bar is from seventeen
to eighteen and one-half feet; across inner
bar, seventeen and one-half feet; at the an-
chorage, off Davis Point, twenty-two and one-
half feet; at the anchorage, off Courtney's
Point, twenty-five and one-half feet; from the
bar through the Korth Channel, eleven and
one-half feet; up the Bay to Red Fish Point,
(entrance to East Bay) two and one-half feet;
from abreast East Point to Lost Point, fifteen
feet; up the Bay, from Davis Point, to Dier's
Point, (junction with North and West Bays)
twenty-four feet; thence to North Bay Point,
twenty-seven feet; up West Bay to Crane
Point, fourteen and one-half feet. The Pe-
ninsula, extending toward the south, protects
the Bay from the boisterous winds and high
waves of the Gulf, leaving the beautiful bay
36 St. Andreivs Bay, Florida,
comparativel.y smooth. Pleasure excursions
by water are frequent the year round.
FISH AND OYSTERS.
There is probably no location where fish
and oysters are more plentiful, and of better
quality and flavor, than at St. Andrews Bay,
and off the pass in the Gulf of Mexico, in
close proximity to the harbor. If St. An-
drews had the shipping facilities that is
offered at other ports, this enterprise would
assume a commercial importance of no small
note. There are several fisheries here, but
they are compelled to sail to other ports for
railroad transportation, taking from St. An-
drews an enterprise that would enhance her
wealth and prosperity. The finest flavored
oysters are sold for $1. per thousand in the
shell, fifteen cents per quart for meats; or one
can take a boat and anchor out in the
Bay and in a few hours rake up a boat load.
There are several Schooners engaged in
fishing in the Gulf, off the port of St. Andrews
for the Pensacola market, thence shipped to
New York and Philadelphia.
There are also schooners engaged in fish-
ing with the hook and line for the Pensacola
Authentic Report of 37
market; from thence the fish is shipped to
New York and Philadelphia, Vvdiich wonld
not be the case had St. Andrevs^s the necessa-
iv means for transportation alike that of
other more favored seaport towns.
SAW-MILLS.
St. Andrews has two saw-mills, with a lim-
ited capacity, not being able to supply the
demand. This, however, will soon be obviated,
as several contemplated saw and planing-
mills are to be erected in the near future.
There is every inducement to warrant a pay-
ing investment in this enterprise, as the sup-
ph^ of timber and the demand throughout the
whole country will continue for several years
yet to come. It is to be hoped that the day
is not far distant when facillities for the man-
ufacture of all kinds of dressed lumber, of un-
limited quantity can be had for building pur-
poses, adding much to its industries.
INDOLENT INHABITANTS.
Upon taking up this subject we would not
have it underst9od that w^e will in any way con-
vey an impression that the people, as a whole,
who were ])orn and raised in Florida are any
the less intelligent or enterprising than those
of any State in the Union. We came in con-
38 St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
tact with many of these people, and found
them to be inteiligent, courteous, generous
in the highest sense.
As an illustration of the indolent, or the
easy-going, '"don't-care-a-continental" class, I
will give a brief sketch of some of their pecu-
liarities. This class of people generally live
in log huts, by the side of some stream;
one will observe adjoining the hovel a small
"truck patch." The owner of this mansion
is generally built proportionately like a rail;
is about the same size from the feet up.
He wears no shoes — "don't need 'em." He is
donned in a grey shirt and blue overhauls,
tied around the waist with a tow string or a
rope made from bark stripped off young >a>p-
plings. He retires early, but the nights are
cool, and tho'bed enchanting, so he forgets to
arise in the morning until about 9 o'clock.
He gets up, adjusts his scanty raiment, steps
to the door (which is a blanket), yawns, rubs
his eyes, walks into the "patch," pulls a few
potatoes, and a few ears of corn, and his re-
past is soon finished. After breakfast, he
plants a half-dozen hills of potatoes and a few
hills of corn, returning to the house, takes his
ancient shot-gun down from the pegs and dis-
appears in the woods. Toward evening he
Autlte)itlc Beport of 39
returns with perhaps a squirrel or two, or some
wild fow^l that has fallen a victim to his un-
erring aim. Finally conies ''ma^rket day."
He has an ox that he calls ''Brock," which he
proceeds to harness in the following manner:
through a 2x4 piece of wood, having two
holes, he inserts a bow, passing around
"Brock's" neck, with a key at the top; then he
attaches a two-wheeled vehicle called a "cart"
with pole thills wmich is tied with tow strings
to the bow; after tying a part of his wife's
clothes-line to '^Brock's" horns he is readj^for
the trip. The outfit is not elaborate, as but
little is needed; a little store tea, a pound of
sugar, the indespensible tobacco, etc., a very
little satisfies this easy-going people.
In "swap" for these, the^^carr}^ a small bas-
ket of eggs, a few potatoes, and perhaps a
chicken or two, they climb upon the seat,
the driver taking the lines, start up the team
and they are off for town.
In going through the woods one day, there
were so many roads verging in every
direction that I were indecisive which one to
take, and seeing a cabin but a short distance
from me, I went to inquire the distance to the
"forks" at the junction of two roads. "Well" he
says, "I reckon it^s about two looks, and a
40 St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
right smart walk." He meant that we should
look as far as we could, and after arriving at
that point, look again, then quite a walk after
reaching the place. After going the distance,
I should think it was about three miles. This
class of people have no aim in life above that
of simply living; their little "^patch"' provides
them with most of the necessaries of life, and
by an occasional planting, the garden is re-
plenished. There are, how^ever, but few of
this class in Florida. pKosPEors,
In writing upon this subject, Vv^e find it diffi-
cult to express our view^s, in a manor not to
mislead, or create an undue enthusiasm, that
would cau«5e those contemplating a visit to
St. Andrews, with a view of making it their
home, to meet with disappointment.
One does not see those beautiful lawns and
shrubbery that in their season, decorate the
home in the north; nor the gas lit, and paved
streets, nor the beautiful carriages and horses.
This country is not so far advanced by fifty
years; a new countr}^ with undeveloped re-
sources. It means hard w^ork, self-denial,
courage, and perseverance. When we con-
sider the natural advantages for which St.
Andrews is noted, the Bay containing so large
an area of navigable salt water, extending in
Authentic Report of 4i
all directions, its prospective commercial in-
tercourse with the whole world, its coming
industries in fish, lumber, and fruit, with
small towns springing up on both sides of the
Bay, cannot but make its prospects bright.
The soil, will produce pears, peaches, figs,
plums, apricots, olive, mulberry, oranges, and
other varieties of semi-tropical fruits. The
orange culture is not considered a profit-
able investment here, although there are a few
thrifty groves that appear to be doing well.
Ten acres here will produce more than forty
acres in the northern States, as two or more
crops a year can be profitably produced from
the same piece of land ; in fact, ten acres of
land at St. Andrews is more than two men
could well cultivate. I visited W. M. Croman's
estate at St. Andrews, who owns about four
hundred acres of valuable fruit land, which he
has platted into ten acre lots, and offers them
for sale at a very reasonable price. Last Dec,
j January and February, he set out nine hund-
I red fruit trees, which are all growing nicely.
A gentlenjan farther up the bay planted
nearly two thousand trees. It is estimated
that sixty thousand trees had been planted
the past winter in the vicinity of St. Andrews.
42 St. Andreu's Bay, Florida.
I also visited the estate of G. B. Thompson,
who has several choice live acre lots for sale.
Also Mr. Demerest, at Grove Park. ^ These
gentlemen are reliable, and will gladly give
any information desired, by addressing them
at St. Andrews, Washington County, Florida.
Robert O'Neal, of St. Andrews, publisher of
a valuable sectional Map, 18x21 inches, giving
a minute description of the plats sold by the
Cincinnati Company, the bay and its surround-
ings, location of the oyster beds, the East and
West "Passes," the only entrance to the Bay
from the Gulf of Mexico ; location of St. An-
drews and other towns along the coast on both
sides of the Bay, and many other points of
interests, valuable to all property holders.
The price of this May is only $1.00, and if de-
sired the publisher, Mr. O'Neal, will mark your
lot or parcel on the map so that one may know
the exact location of their property. The
map used in this work is a fac simile of Mr.
O'Neal's map, which he kindly granted us the
permission to use. It has been considerably
reduced in size, in order to fit the pages of our
book, hence a portion of the map is left off.
Mr. O'Neal will be found reliable, and any
correspondence with him will be cheerfully
and promptly attended to.
Authentic Beport of 43
Fruit cultiira I think, will rank foremost
among the enterprises at St. Andrews and vi-
cinity, and one of the leading varieties
is that of the Le Conte Pear. In point of
flavor the fruit ranks high among the pears
of this country. For keeping qualities it has-
no equal ; hence, it is the best for shipping to
distant markets. It will bear transportatiofi
to any part of the United States, and always
"demands a good price. Tt is, by far, more
profitable to grow than oranges. Fruit trees
here, of all descriptions are subject to no
blight whatever. There are agents here who
furnish any variety (with but few exceptions)
of fruit trees for about eight dollars per one
hundred.
People contemplating settling at St. An-
drews should come prepared (unless for pleas-
ure) to purchase a piece of land and improve
it. In the way of mechanical or skilled labor
there is nothing to do just now. There are
no manufactories, and but few enterprises
where labor is required, with plenty of men
to do the w^ork. ^
THE COST OF BUILDING.
The cost of building, with lumber, is reduced
to the lowest possible figure. The amount
and cost of clothing, the expense for fuel and
M
St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
of food for the fami!}^ are at iniiiiiimrn rates.
Cattle and ^lieep can gather their food from
the ranges and prepared pastures.
ST. ANDREWS MARKET REPORT.
PROVISIONS.
Wheat Fiower, per bbl...v6 00
Corn 85
Potatoes, Irish, per bu — 1 60
Sweet *' 1 00
Sugar-Cared Hams, p^rlb 12
Rice 07
Beans per lb 06
Mess Pork " 10
Fresh Pork *• 8 to 10
Laid
Baiter
Breakfast Bacon..
l-heese
Oat Meal
Florida Syrup, per gal
Honey
Vinegar
Salt per 100 lb
n
10
u
30
u
14
K
16
il
05
^al...
... 60
1 (
1 00
((
40
.60
GROCERIES.
Sugar. per lb §09
Sugar, Light Brown *' 07
Tea, Green " 50 to 90
Tea, Black "45to 80
Coffee, Green 25
Coffee, Brown per lb. 30
Conden'd Milk, per can 15 to 20
Bkg. Powder, " 25
" Royal " 50
Ginger Sna{)S. per lb 10
Crackers, Soda '' 08
K. Oil, per gallon .* 20
Plug Tobacco, per lb. 40 to 60
Canned Peaches, per can,... 20
" Apples two lb 15
" Tomatoes " 10
" " three lb. 15
" Beef Dried, per can, 25
" " Corned " " 15
Il:ii.-ins,London Lay., perlb20
'< Valencias, *| 15
Evapo. Apples, per lb , 15
DRY-GOODS.
Prints 5 to 07
Sheeting 6| to 09
Bleached Muslin 7 to 11
Jeans 25 to 40
Ginofhams 10
Thread 05
Flannel 25 to 50
Shoes, Ladies' $1.50 to $500
*' Men's .... 1.50 to 4 00
Authentic Report of
FURNITURE.
45
Chairs 70 to H 50
dockers $l.(jO to 5 50
'^'abies 2.75 to 7 50
'^tniuls ].50to4 50
Bedsteads 2.50 to 0 50
^P^^^gs 2.00 to 5 00
Mattresses 3.00 to 7 00
Cupboards 3.75 to 7 25
Uardrobes 12,50 to 15 00
^Ofoforts 1.50 to 1 75
LIVE STOCK,
Horses ?80to§lb0 j Hogs
^tules 100 to 320 ( Sheep
Cattle per Yoke SoO Goats
Cows, per Head $15 to 1525 j
MISCELLANEOUS.
4 00
2 00
Hay, per 100 lbs §1 40
Lime, per bbl 175
Oats, per bushel 65
Bran, per 100 lbs 140
^^ie]led Corn, per bu ^-^
f"'^^^"'^ 20 to 25
I urkeys y-
Gonliers, per doz .'."^S 00
The dreaded scourge " yellow fever" has
visited Jacksonville, with all its virulence
which has thrown a gloom over the whole
State. This fever is not a local disease but
liable to attack New York, Philadelphia
or any other sea port town. It is a ship fever
I and its ravages can only be kept out of our
sea port towns by the most vigilant quaran-
tine. For several years there has not been
a case of this fever in Pensacola, Fla., nor in
St. Andrews, as the ''Passes" are easily guard-
ed, and a most rigid quarantine service is
observed.
46 St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
A word about insects and reptiles. The
mosquito is quite troublesome a part of the
season, also the flea, and '\sand-fly;" the latter
insect is so small as to be hardly visible, yet
they are a great pest, getting into one's eyes,
and otherwise causing great "vexation of
spirit/' The flea seems to grow spontaneous;
you don't have to look for them, they make
their whereabouts known voluntarily, and
you become aware of their location, with a
certainty that is marvelous. Alligators are
said to be numerous, yet they are not "tramps,"
but abide in lagoons and cypress swamps,
being content to remain in localities best
adapted to their natural proclivities.
PROPERTY IS ASSESSED FOR TAXES
in May and June, and are collected in Nov.
and Dec, of each year. B. B. Brown is the
assessor, and John Roach, tax collector. B.
B. Brown's address iis Econfina, and J. Roach,
Vernon, both addresses being in Washington
CO., Florida. If deeds are to be recorded, address
Recorder of Deeds, Vernon. Taxes can be
paid direct by correspondence with B. B.
Brown, assessor, or through an agent at St.
Andrews. Your property must be listed for
taxes by June, of each year, to be on the tax
roll for collection in November or December.
Aidheutic Report of 47
EUFAULA & ST. ANDREWS BAY AIR LINE R. R.
The following is taken from the Floridian,
of a recent date. " Tuesday afternoon, Sena-
tor McKinne, of Jackson, introduced senate
))ill No. 149, being an act to incorporate the
Eufaula & St, Andrews Bay Air Line Railroad
Company. The work undertaken by this com-
pany will be of great benefit to the portion of
Florida w^hich the contemplated road will
traverse, and doubtless to that portion of Ala-
bama in which the enterprise has origin. The
road will be one hundred and forty miles in
length, and passing through country •singu-
larly favorable to its cheap construction, will
connect the waters of the Chattahoochee at
Eufaula with the Gulf waters at the beautiful
bay of St. Andrews. Its construction will as-
sure to the now isolated coast region as its
terminus the development which will be sus-
tained by the natural advantages of which so
much has been written, and the route will
open up an area of country in Jackson and
Washington counties, which only needs rail
facilities to becQme populous and productive,
and dot the line of road with flourishing towns
and villages. Much very fertile land lies near
the route, and vast forests of valuable timber
as yet untouched by the ax. The road will
make St. Andrews the port of considerable
48 St. Andretvs Bay, Florida.
exports, and imports will pass from it up into
Alabama and Georgia. This company has a
splendid charter and a grant of land from the
State," but cannot say that there is an imme-
diate prospect of building the road. As be-
fore stated, this contemplated road is surveyed
through the center of the Cincinnati compa-
ny's land, from north to south, and I think the
most important of the two railroads for the
development of the country in which so many
thousand are interested as owners of city lots.
We are indebted to The Gulf Stream for 'SS,
published by W. J. YanKirk, real estate deal-
er, Pensacola, Fla., for the following extract,
which is as applicable to St. Andrews as
Pensacola, which reads as follows:
^'People who should not come to Florida."
"Those who like a cold climate the best
will certainly not enjoy a climate where the
average temperature of the year is sixty-seven.
"Those who expect to come here and find
w^ork in manufactories, and make enough in
this way to buy themselves lands, will be dis-
appointed for the reason that this is not a
manufacturing State any more than Michigan
was in 1835. The same applies to clerks and
artisans generally. Certainly there is a lim-
ited number of these places in larger towns,
Authentic Eeport of 49
but plent}^ to fill them. No doubt most
of you will find in all these new places spring-
ing up some work at your trades, but if you
come you had better start with the intention
to take the land and become producers.
Also, don't come here with the impression
that we are short of official material, and that
you can live by your wits and politics. We
have a full stock on hand to manufacture our
Governors, Senators, etc., out of. We want
citizens, not politicians.
Lastly, don't come elated with glowing let-
ters some correspondents have sent North of this
State, from which you would almost* suppose
you could lie around under the trees and have
the oranges, pineapples, etc., drop into your
mouth. This is no such country. So don't come
and be disappointed. The beautiful homes
this country is dotted with a^re the results of
hard labor and constant care. We can truly
assure you nature does more for a man here
than in any otlipr place on this continent.
"If 5^ou come herewith strong arms and
cheerful hearts willing to profit by the expe-
rience of others, and have the pluck and am-
bition to surmount the obstacles that will
arise in developing all new countries, then
50 St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
come and you will have a reward for all the
energy and well-directed labor you have put
forth upon your homes."
THE SOUTH AND THE YANKEES.
From the Greenville (S. C.) News.
"The two sections began life together and
formed a government. The South had the
advantage of soil, climate and wealth. At
the end of eighty-four years the two grappled
and fought. The Yankee section came to the
fight richer and stronger than our Southern
section, and beat us into the earth while we
did our best. To-day these Yankees are rich
in everything, and we are poor in everything
but manhood and womanhood, and have less
than we began with a hundred years back.
These same Yankees furnish the bulk of the
capital we use, the food we eat, the clothes
we wear, the books we read and study, the
high grade teaching in the normal schools of
the Southern States. Almost every conven-
ience of life, and invention of art br science
we know, comes from these same people, who
have in ten years done more with Florida than
the Florida natives have in fifty. Almost any
one of their large communities could buy the
whole South for a park, if they liked it for
that purpose. In a tight they could crush us
Autlientic Report of 51
like egg-shells. In politics, they are our mas-
ters, and we have to hold our breath in every
big campaign, to avoid offending them. Their
percentage of ignorance is one-tenth of onrs.
'; When trouble comes on us, wedepend on them
for most of the help, and get it. The world
knows them as America, and us as outlying
and inconsiderate provinces. They are pro-
ducing the representative poets, painters, and
authors of the country, while we trail along
behind with our eyes fixed on them, hardly
daring to hope that we may become as strong
and rich and enlightened as they are by years
of hard work.
The majority understand, that while we
were making statesmen and warriors, and
ruling politics, the Yankees were making ter-
ritory, building manufactures, and develop-
ing a countless army of trained minds and
hands, strengthening and enlightening their
masses, and makingthem an exhaustless reser-
voir of intellectual and physical power; and
j that if we are to share the Yankee wealth,
I strength, and place in the world, we must use
some (not all) Yankee ideas, and abandon
some (not all) of your own."
52 St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
YOU WANT TO GO TO FLORIDA.
From the C. M. C. in N. Y. South.
Do you, and have little money? Well,
then, consider the hard facts, and let us see if
you are man enough to accept them.
Are you easily discouraged; inclined to be
homesick when among strangers; to look on
the dark side of things; or, in other words, do
you lack pluck? Tlien, don't come?
Have you a large family of little children,
or a delicate wife, who would pine for the
home comforts and society of the North?
Sure!}^ then, Florida, or any new country^
will only bring disappointment.
Have you an idea that the State is a beau-
tiful, blooming paradise, and that $1,000 per
acre can be realized the first year from crops?
Again, you are sure to be displeased.
Have you no taste for horticulture or out-
door employment; and had rather work in a
factory than cultivate the soil? Then Florida
is no place for you.
We are meeting any quantity of just such
persons as the above every day. They are
serving as waiters in the hotels; picking or-
Authentic Beport of 53
anges at $1 per daj, or more probablj^, loafing
about their boarding-houses, cursing the coun-
tr}^ and their luck, when no one is to blame
but themselves. On the other hand, we know
any quantity of young men who are endowed
w^ith plenty of pluck and perseverance, who,
content with small things at first, are rapidly
rising to be wealthy, influential citizens, and
have accomplished more in a limited period
in Florida than the sharper competition of
the North would have a^llovved them to do in
a life-time. What Florida needs is men, in
every sense of the word. The conditions are
such that the idle, inefiicient, are likely to be
sifted out, and under the law of the survival
of the fittest, there will remain a class that
will be a credit and a blessing to the common-
w^ealth. These are plain words, but not a
whit plainer than the occasion demands.
AGRICULTURE IN FLORIDA.
By JUDGE J. G. KNAPP, Agricultural Editor
of the ^' limes Union."
Whoever shall come to Florida with the
expectation of finding what he has been ac-
customed to see in other places, will assur-
edly be disappointed. The greater the dis-
tance he may have traveled, especially from
the North, the greater will the change appear.
54 St. Aiidrews Ba//, Florida.
But the trees, plants, animals, soil and
seasons have changed, and a slight stretch of
imagination will see a change in the men,
women and children; certainly in their dwell-
ings and clothing. In the forests he will
miss the majestic oaks, chestnuts, maples,
poplars, bass woods, walnuts, butternuts, hick-
ories, beeches, birches, etc. None of these
grow in Florida, or if few are found they are
in some cold soil, and in diminutive propor-
tions. The trees of Florida are of other families
and species. The newcomer may be amused
for a season, but he must differ from the ma-
jority of mankind if the changes do not work
dissatisfaction in a short time. If he comes
from the rocky hills and mountains of ISTew
England and iNew York, from the drift and
boulder regions of Michigan and Wisconsin,
he will miss the stone fences and gravel soils;
if from the black sedimentary plains of Illi-
nois and Iowa, he will be disgusted with the
sandy soils of Florida. He will not find the
clsijs and muds of Ohio and Kentucky. Come
from where he may he will not see in the for-
ests of Florida the trees under which he spor-
ted when a child.
He will not see fields of hundreds of acres
of wheat, oats, barley and corn, nor four
Authentic Beport of 55
horses hitched to a gang of plows or to a reaper,
plowing, cutting and hinding ten acres in a
da3% nor two horses to a seeder that sows as
many acres. Come from where he may, ex-
pect what he may, he finds changes nnlooked
for. Most likely in his superficial knowledge
he declares the ridges of Florida are barrens,
and the flat lands are only swamps. He makes
up his mind in a day and nothing can change
it. Back he goes and writes and talks in his
ignorance. Florida is better for his absence.
Some come expecting a change; they find
it. They investigate the causes, see the capa-
bilities of the State, and become permanent
residents. Such are wanted.
THE LE CONTE 1?EXR.— Times- Democrat .
Having written you about a year ago in
reference to the Le Conte pear, giving some
facts relating to this wonderful fruit, especially
with reference to its qualities as a shipping
fruit, T desire more particularly in this article
to refer somewhat to its superior quality in an
evaporated, dried, preserved and canned con-
dition. As an qvaporated fruit, it has a very
beautiful white color, slightly granulated sur-
face, very salable in appearance, and number
one in quality.
During the past season, I observed an article
56 St. Andreivs Bay, Florida.
in one of our daih^ papers, stating that the
whole crop of one of the largest growers in
Georgia, amounting to several thousand lbs.
of evaporated fruit, had been purchased by a
New York firm at the rate of fifty cents per
pound. As the average product of one bushel
of pears is eight pounds of evaporated fruit,
this would net about $4 per bushel. The
Le Conte as an evaporated fruit is certainly
quoted much higher in the markets than any
other fruit. In a preserved condition we
know^ of no other fruit rivaling it in excel-
lence, both in quality, richness and delicacy
of flavor, as well as the comparatively small
cost of preservation. In the many ways I
have mentioned, this fruit can be utilized,
and there is no good reason why any family
with a dozen Le Conte pear trees growing on
their premises may not have this delicious
fruit upon the table in some shape at all sea-
sons of the year.
I adverted in mv last letter to the larsre re-
turns realized from the sale of fruit, as well
as the great increase in the value of the land
upon which a grove is set, but thinking per-
haps some of your readers may not have read
ni}^ former article I will recapitulate in brief.
Authentic Report of 57
THE LE CONTE PEAR.
In this section of Florida the Le Conte pear
industry has almost entirely superseded the
orange culture, and the result is almost as
surprising in the great advance in value of
pear groves as is exhibited in orange — for ex-
ample; A two-acre pear grove, four year old
trees, which cost at planting, $124, sold the
past winter for $1,000, or $500 per acre. The
purchaser, who will the coming season be
able to gather a large crop of fruit, has but
recently entered into a contract to sell the
cuttings for $250, thus getting a return of 25
per cent, of his money the first year, and
before the trees are bearing. Another grove,
one-half the trees three years old and one-half
one year old, costing originally $250, sold re-
cently for 1,000, and the purchaser has already
realized a very handsome per cent, from cut-
tings alone. Neither of the groves I have
mentioned could be purchased now for 50 per
cent, advance on the purchase money.
These are soi^ie instances of the advance in
value of groves, and I will now give some ex-
amples of the profits arising from the sale of
the fruit:
A tree at ten years old, then in its prime,
will bear twenty to thirty bushels to the tree;
58 St. Andrews Bcuj, Florida.
fifty trees to the acre at twenty bushels, 1,000
bushels — halve it and we have 500 bushels.
Five hiindred bushels at $3 to |4 per bushel,
$1,500; halve it again and we have $750 to
the acre. Thus we can see wdiy capitalists
will pay $500 per acre for groves, or land to
put out groves upon.
Instances can be multiplied of the parties
in this section who have realized just such
profits as I have mentioned. Take an exam-
ple in this country from two trees, seven or
eight years old; this gentleman gathered
thirty bushels of pears, selling them at $2 per
bushel, netting him $30 per tree. An acre,
forty-nine trees, at $30 per tree, w^ould net
$1,470 to the acre. A gentleman reports a
yearly income of $500 from seventeen trees.
Now, I have no grove to sell, neither have
I any trees to dispose of; so it cannot be said
that I have an ax to grind. or have any reason
to misrepresent this fruit or to exaggerate its
merits ; but I am a business man, interested
in the welfare and prosperity of our country.
The low price of cotton, coupled with a par-
tial failure of the crop in some sections, has
very naturally caused the farmer to despair of
making anything, or saving even a living out
of a cotton crop; more especiall}^ when there
Authentic Beport of 59
is such a drain upon his resources in the shape
of corn and meat, bought in the North and
West, carrying all the surplus mone}^ out of
the country, and leaving the producer of cot-
ton scarcely a living; or, perhaps, worse in
debt than v\^hen he began his crop. We must
produce something that will bring us ready
money in the summer, and bring back some
of the cash sent every year to the North and
West for grain and meat , and in my humble
opinion the Le Conte pear will undoubtedly aid
in the good work. — John Dean.
CONCLUSION.
Taking into account the whole matter of
climate and healthfulness, cheapness of land
and the facility with which it may be pre-
pared, the extent and varied productions, and
that some of them are constantly growing,
the warmth of the winters, which tempe-
rature seldom falls below forty degrees, and
I the cool summer breezes, pure water, and the
cheapness of living, taking all these advanta-
ges into consideration, it seems wonderful
that this ''lovely St. Andrews by the sea,"
should have remained an undeveloped town
to this day.
The cost of living at St. xindrews is less
than in the Northern States. Some few arti-
60 St. Andreics Bay, Florida.
cles of consumption may cost a trifle more
than in the northern States, but many com-
modities are much less. Room and board is
from $4 to $6 per week. One cau see by the
published market report in this work, that
the price of groceries, dry goods, boots and
shoes, clothing, etc., vary but a trifle from the
price of the same articles in northern cities.
The commodity of fuel alone, is worth con-
sideration, as contrasted between the north
and south. There are very few of the labor-
ing class but what dread the long cold winter of
the north, continuing nearly one-half of the
year. We are obliged to exercise the most
rigid economy during the working months,
to be able to provide fuel, clothing, and
the necessaries of life, that our wives and chil-
dren may be made comfortable, and sheltered
from the cruel blasts of winter. The most
expensive and indispensable item of house-
hold expenditures is fuel, either in wood or
coal, the latter commodity being principally
used in our manufacturing towns in the north.
A family needs from six to ten tons of coal
for the winter, at an expenditure of from $3
to $6 per ton in Cleveland, 0., and from $S to
$10 farther north.
The average laborer receives $1.25 per day.
Authentic Beport of 61
$1. 50 per week; out of this he pays $2 for
rent, $4 for provision. $1 for fuel, and has left
fifty cents for clothing his family. Providing
he has six day's work a week, with fifty-
two weeks in a year, with no sickness, he
can manage to live.; otherwise it would be
impossible to ''make both ends meet," and he
comes out at the end of the year in debt.
Many an honest, faithful, hard-working man
has been branded as a felon, because through
sickness he has been unable to meet the de-
mands of his landlord, for bills contracted for
the actual necessaries of life, I shall not at-
tempt to solve the labor problem, but would
say that there is no place on this continent
where climate, conditions, and capabilities
have done so much for the poor, but honest
working-man, as Florida, Supposing a poor
man possesses an acre or two of land, and
I i)lants it with fruit trees; while these trees are
I being brought to maturity, or to the age of
I fruit-bearing, he has the use of the land for
I crop-raising, and not only raise enough upon
I which to support his family like a prince, but
1 has a surplus which demands the highest price
in the market.
Clothing does not cost one-half as much at
St. Andrews as in the North, from the fact
62 St. Andreivs Bay, Florida,
not one-half as much is needed. He does not
have to contend with the cold, bleak winds off
the snow-clad hills, and in bound coasts of the
north five months in the year. There is not
a day in the year but what one can work in
the field. The winters on the western coast
of Florida are very much like our Indian sum-
mer in the northern States. There is consid-
erable rain in winter, and occasionally a cool,
damp day; also numerous f^^ostS, but not
enough to destroy vegetation. I would cau-
tion all who contemplate making St. Andrews
their home, to go prepared with means suffi-
cient to secure a piece of land, of not less
than one acre; oiie needs five or ten acres,
with enough money to support your family at
least six months. Do not go with the expec-
tation of procuring sufiicient work to support
your family and pay for a place. There are
no such chances, or if there are any, there are
plenty of men there to do the work. There
are no steamships ur ocean crafts landing at
the wharves of St. Andrews to give employ-
ment to the laborer. As yet St. Andrews is
not a commercial town of any great import-
ance, nor will not be for several years to come.
It does not require as much money to live
here six months as it does at the North, but
cominf^ here means hard work, self-denial,
Authentic Beport of 63
and perseverance. Land ca.n^ be purchased
for from §20 to $50 and %7o per acre, accord-
ing to location. City lots range in price from
$25 to $500. As for healthfulness, St. An-
drews is second to any locality on the conti-
nent. There ij? but" one physician here, who
owns a drug-store, and I verily believe if it
were not for other business the poor man
would starve. This doctor is a whole-soul fel-
low, ''well met," w^ho is generally at his drug-
store, near the Post-Office, and will be the first
one to welcome yon w^ith a grasp of the hand.
to the '^ beautiful St. Andrews by the sea."
The people of St. Andrews are intelligent
citizens, kind-hearted and generous, and wel-
come all who come here wdth the intention of
becoming citizens. St. Andrews is fast be-
coming noted as a health resort, both in sum-
mer and winter- — many owning a residence,
and remain through the winter, while others
only coming for the summer season. The
climate is equally as delightful in summer as
in winter. No ^better society can be found
anywhere; the people generally are church-
goers. They have their young peoples' liter-
ary society, temperance sooiety, etc., and ex-
tend the hand of fellowship and greeting to
a stranger.
C4 St. Andreics Baf/, Florida,
In regard to the Cincinnati Company's lot^,
in wliich 8omajiy thousands are interested, al-
though beautifully located, and most of them
on high and dry land, yet, as before stated,
they are in the woods, consequently no im-
provements in the vicinity of this tract. How
long this property will remain in this unset-
tled condition it is impossible to tell, but from
present indications, some years will elapse be-
fore improvements will be made that will
materially enhance the value of this land. On
the map one can plainly see the two proposed
railroad routes, as now surveyed through this
tract, and in the event of either of them be-
ing completed to St. Andrews Bay the prop-
erty along the line will be of more value.
At all events the land is of sufficient value to
ensure a good investment by paying the taxes
and holding onto it. Taxes may be paid di-
rect by sending description of your property
to B. B. Brown, Assessor, Econfina, Wasington
County, Florida. Your property must be listed
by the 1st of June, of each year. After the prop-
erty is assessed, the taxes are collected by
John Roach, of Vernon, the county seat of
Washington county. Parties owning five
acres, or even two acres on this plat, is well
worth improving, as there is but a small por-
tion but what is worth from $10 to $25 per
Authentic Beport of 65
acre. In some portions of the country game
is quite abundant, such as bear, deer, possum,
wild turkeys, etc., and occasionally venison is
brought to St, Andrews' market. Fish and
oysters are in abundance; anj^ quantity of
beautiful, finely flavored trout are caught
at any time m the Bay with a hook and line.
Oysters are free to any one who will take the
trouble of catching them.
In place of the beautiful horses and carria-
ges, as seen in the North, we have the sailing
and steam yachts, by which one can sail to
the most interesting points of this lovely bay.
All* who are able own a sailing yacht, and pic-
nics and excursons are quite frequent.
I would not have it understood that any
one can sit down under a Palmetto tree and
be fed by ravens; no such a miracle ever hap-
pened in St. Andrews. If you come here you
must expect to do as much hard work, endure
as much privation, and meet with as many
disappointments as in any other new country.
If you have but little money, you must be-
come a producer. Don't depend upon a 22x
165 foot lot with which to earn a living; it
would not pay for fencing; in fact it is hard-
ly worth the expense of surveying; pay your
taxes and at some future time the property
60 St. Andrews Baij, Florida.
will be worth something. Go prepared to buy
one or more acres, in a good locality, at $25
or $50 per acre. Take yonr axe and grubl)ing-
hoe, and exercise your muscle^ prepare the
land for fruit trees; while they are coming
into bearing, cultivate your land in raising
crops, and at the end of fi\Q or seven years, I
guaranty that when you come to make esti-
mates you will find that you have cleared $3
for every day's work, in the increased value
of your fruit grove, besides what you will re-
alize from the productions of the land, much
more than the cost for living. But this is not
all; you have a home — ^'there is no place like
home ^' — you have a grove that will yearly net
you an income of $500 to $1,000 a year.
If you are inclined to be home-sick, easily
discouraged, don^t think of going unless you
have sufficient means with which to leave.
But if you have pluck, and are determined to
overcome every obstacle, you are just the one
that is needed at St. Andrews, and prosperity
will crown your efforts.
I cannot but write very plain upon this sub-
ject. I have been down there, and know all
about the country. I know the quality of the
soil, about its productiveness, and have mis-
Aidhentlc Beport of 67
represented nothing, but stated the true facts
in the case.
While there I became acquainted with Mr.
C, B. Wheeler, an experienced apiarist, who
has had an extended experience in bee raising,
and is a great enthusiast in the care of bees.
From him I learned that there is no month
during the year but what the bee is at work,
and that the honey is of excellent flavor, and
of a large yield. He considers the business as
remunerative, if not more so, than any other
avocation.
If you should ever visit St, Andrews be sure
to call on our old friend, Wm. Smith, the vet-
eran ''oyster man," in rear of Post-Office. He
is an old resident, and can post you in regard
to the country, from New Orleans all down
the coast, and can open more good, fat 05^8-
ters, in a given time, than any other man in
the country.
In closing this work I would say that in my
visit to St. Andrews, [ have endeavored to
give a faithful report of affairs as I found
them, and all can judge for themselves wheth-
er or not St. Andrews is the location for their
future home. I have endeavored to set forth
the advantages and disadvantages to be found
68 St. Andrews Baij, Florida.
there; its prospects and natural resources; its
undeveloped condition, its capabilities, etc.r
and now leave it to the consideration of the
reader to form their own conclusions.
It has been remarked by a Northern gen-
tleman who had* lately been on a tour in the
South, " That the Southern people have a
greater sense of honor among them than we
have. They are square, on the average, in
every way you take them. The Southern man
does not try to brow-beat employes, and force
them to work for less money than their labor is
really worth. Among the higher classes the
rate of wages is largely determined by the
labor alone, and as long as his demand is rea-
sonable, it is complied with. Socially, the
Southern man is a splendid character. The
large plantations are almost always thronged
with temporary guests, while there are few
planters who do not keep open house the year
round. They are courteous to every one. My
opinion of the Southern man is as widel}^
different from what it was, as day is from
night. It would be a good thing if the North
could get up and take an excursion down to
see its sisters. There would be a hearty change
of opinion, I think.*^
Authentic Beport of 69
— Why will men shiveniigh^ tarry in the
region of the north pole when the rosy hand
I of perpetual spring beckons them to these
[ genial abodes is a "great moral question,"
I as the Tame Kiln orator puts it, only demon-
' strates the strength .of old associations and
] the power of habit.* — R. Nutting, of Blackburn
1 University, Clarinville, Illinois.
'' ■ — Posted on a western dug-out that appeared
I to be abandoned: "Fore miles frum a nabur;
' sixteen miles frum a postoflis; and twenty-five
! miles frum a ralerode; a liundred'n atey miles
frum timber; half mile from water; God bless
our home. We're gone east to get a fresh
start*" They should go to St. Andrews Fla.
— Why people should emigrate to Florida:
Because of its delightful climate, both
in winter and summer, a\eraging sixtj^-iive
degrees in winter, and rarely exceeding ninety
degre'es in summer; owing to the constant
sea breeze playing across so narrow a coun-
try from either side, which enables one to
keep cool at any' time, by seeking the shade.
Because the soil is so easily w^orked, and
yields so abundantly and in such variety,
living can be had with less labor than any-
where else. The main work is done during:
70 St. Andrews Bajj, Florida.
the mild, dry winters, the rains occurring
mostly during the summer, when most needed.
You want less clothing, and it lasts twice as
long, there being neither coal-smut, dust, nor
mud, to make frequent, desti'uctive washing
necessary. Because a very small sum will se-
cure you a home, and that home can not be
taken from you, the law exempting from any
forced sale one hundred and sixty acres of
country, or half-acre of town land, with all
improvements thereon, and in addition, $1,000
worth of personal property, and this without
a burdensome tax, the State of Florida levying
for all purposes not exceeding seven mills.
"Gulf Stream" Pensacola, Fla.
Just Three Things. — I once met a thought-
ful scholar, said Bishop Whipple, who told mo
that for years he had read every book he could
which assailed the religion of Jesus Christ,
and he said he should have become an infidel
but for three things. First, I am a man. I
am going somewhere. To-night I am a day
nearer the grave than I was last night. I have
read all such books can tell me. They shed
not one solitary ray of hope or light upon the
darkness. They shall not take away the guide
and leave me stone blind. Second, I had a
mother. I saw her q:o down into the dark
Authentic Report of 71
valley where I am going, and she leaned upon
an unseen arm as calmly as a child goes to
sleep on the breast of its mother. I know
that was not a dream. Third, I have three
motherless daughters (and he said it with tears
in his eyes). They have no protector but my-
self. T would rather kill them than leave
them in this sinful world, if you blot out from
it all the teachings of the Gospel.
Wrong — Lost— Saved.— A colporteur left
a Bible in a godless home. As the man and
his wife sat together in the evenings, the man
took up the book, and reading in it, began to
feel its power. ''If this book is true," he said
one evening to his wife, ''we are wrong." He
read more, and in a few evenings after said
again, with deep concern and alarm, " If this
book is true, we are lost." He read still far-
ther, and through the darkness the light be-
gan to break as he caught a glimpse of the
cross and the Saviour ; and at last he said to
his wife with glowing joy, "If this book is
true, we may be saved."
That is the story always of the work of
grace in the heart. First, there is the ''law
work," w^hich shows us our guilt and hopeless-
ness in ourselves; then the Gospel comes show-
ing us salvation and Hie.— Exchange.
72 St. Andrews Bay, Florida.
— Every action, every thought, every feel-
ing, contributes to the education of the tem-
per, the habits, and understanding, and exer-
cises an inevitable influence upon ali the acts
of our future life.
Why am I a Christian ? — 1. Because my
moral constitution shuts me up to the view
of life presented by the Bible.
2. Because the law of cause and effect,
pointing to a Divine Creator, confirms this
conclusion.
3. Because the process by which the mind
comes to know all, supports it.
4. Because insuperable difficulties attend
other theories.
5. Because this view harmonizes v^ith all
others of facts and all fields of knowledge.
6. Because of the preparation for it.
7. Because of the person and work of Christ.
8. Because of the proofs of his existence
in human history.
9. Because of the adaptive and recupera-
tive power of Christianity.
10. Because of the special new expansions
of this period.
11. Because of the proved failures of all
other moral forces to elevate and unify the
race.
AiitJiotflc Bcporf of 73
— Spots can be found all over the pine hills
of the Southern States as healthy as any for-
ests in the world. Some invalids are begin-
ing to understand this fact and profit by it.
At least a million invalids and wealthy peo-
ple in the north and west would winter in
these southern pine hills and on the gulf shore
if they knew the honest truth about the cli-
mate of the Southern States.
CHICAGO TIMES.
An Olive Grove. — From ancient writings,
including the Hol}^ Scrii3tures, it can be ascer-
tained that the olive is one of the oldest known
fruits. The Mount of Olives, near Jerusalem.
is famous in history. Long before butter was
known olive oil was used in the preparation
of food. Large quantities of the oil and fruit
have from time to time been imported here
from the shores of the Mediteranean Sea,
whence most of the product has been obtained.
The climate of California, being not unlike
that of the Mediteranean, was considered suit-
able for the growth of the olive, and an ex-
periment was made which has proved success-
ful. The tree itself is pretty and ornamental.
In springtime it is covered with a profusion
of white flowers, and in winter has an ever-
green foliage. When ready for the harvest it
74: Si. Andrews Bay, Florida,
is so prolific that the branches bend under the
weight of the fruit. Olive wood is also beau-
tiful, and was chosen as part of the ornament-
ation of the spacious and magnificent Solo-
mon's temple. The oil is considered by many
as something sacred. As such it is used in
consecrations and coronations. The ancients
used the sprays of olive leaves to crown their
great men, as it was believed to be an emblem
uf purity and peace. It was considered the
highest honortobe crowned with olive leaves.
In time of war an olive branch borne in the
hand was a token of peace, and it is even now
spoken of as such. The olive tree lives for a
long time. Some of the trees on the Mount
of Olives, in Judea, are said to be fifteen feet
in diameter and over two thousand years old,
while that in the Vatican at Rome has a record
of over a thousand years. The olive is very
hardy, and will endure treatment which would
kill other fruit trees. If infected with insects
the entire head can be cut off and thrown
away, while the trunk will sprout again with
renewed vigor. Being sensitive to excessive
heat or cold, its home is in the semi-tropical
countries, along the gulf coast, and along the
Pacific coast, where it is a successful industry-
— As we have said repeatedly, there is
Authentic Beport of 75
nothing in the worh:l like energy. In order
to succeed, it is required that the aim in view
])e pursued with unwavering determination.
A husiness man without push might as well
shut up shop and save his moneys for sooner
or later he will be swamped by the irresisti-
ble onward rush of j^rogress.
Fruit all the Yeak. — Here is Florida's bill
of fare in the fruit line, clipped from a Florida
paper : "There is not a day in the whole three
hundred and sixty-five — not even leap year —
that the people of the coast do not have fruit
of some kind. Commencing with January,
w^e have strawberries then and until late in
June. Japan plums from February. Mul-
berries are ripe in April and last until August.
Of the various berries — dewberries, black-
berries, and huckleberries, almost any quan-
tity. Peaches from Ma}^ 1st. until July. Mel-
ons from June until late in the fall. Pears,
the very best of the kind, from July until
October. LeCoiite pears, persimmons, pome-
egranates, and grapes are the best of any
country.
— "Adam, the Catholic journal of the new
South, a weekly paper published at Memphis,
in a recent issue has this to say of our State.
" It boasts not of great mineral wealth, like
iron and coal bearing Alabama; nor of a won-
16 Si. Andj-ews Bay, Florida.
derous fertile soil, like the su^^ar producing
Louisina; but it boasts of a sunny climate that
is the QUYy of her most favored sisters; the
flowery land of genial sunshine and luscious
fruits, in the far-away beautiful Southland,
to which we now invite attention; and it has
running waters of crystal clearness, all the
year singing the same merry song on their
way to the great ocean. And if Paradise bor-
ders on this earth of ours, Florida is its only
gateway. — Gulf Streayn.
Men who Harm a Town. — Those w^ho oppose
improvements.
Those who don't advertise.
Those who run it down to strangers.
Those who mistrust its public men.
Those who show no hospitality to any one.
Those who hate to see others make money.
Those who treat every stranger as an
interloper.
Those who ask tw^o prices for property.
Those who put on long faces when a stran- J
ger talks of locating, — Ashvllle Aegis.
I AN AUTHENTIC REPORT
r
— AND —
— OF — B
\
9
^ ^^ __
ST. ANDREWS BAY.
FLORIDA.
fr ^ i
W BY PAUL A. CLIFFORD. "S
f <
L This Book has an especial reference to the property dis- 2
W posed of by the^ St. Andrews Railroad Land and Mining n
W Company, in which thousands are interested. ^
W CLEVELAND, OHIO. <|
W 1888. i
> i
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Now for the Babies !
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5:
3
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Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process.
Neutralizing Agent: Magnesium Oxide
Treatment Date: ( ) 1 1 IQQR
JUL
•»«_ icM^ ^ jr 5 .5' ^a cMi ^^BP^I
PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES. LP.
11 1 Thomson Park Drive
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/TOAV 770.91 11
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