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UNivERsmr

PENNSYL\^^NL^
UBRARIES

AVOIDING THE THEME PARK:

A STUDY OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF AUGUSTUS EDISON CONSTANTINE,

AND THE NEED FOR PRESERVATION POLICY REFORM IN CHARLESTON,

SOUTH CAROLINA FOR THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY

Lissa D'Aquisto Felzer

A THESIS
in

Historic Preservation

Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

2000

Supfervis^r

B/bgevW. Moss, Ph D

Adjunct Professor of Historic Preservation

^/Ui^

K^\liAA.^

;;aduare Group Chair
Fram^^Matero
Associate Professor of Historic Preservation

Reader!
Robert D Russell, Jr\ Ph D
Addlestone Professor of
Architectural History
College of Charleston, SC

UNivERsrnf

OF
PENNSYLVANti

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Roger W Moss, for his
guidance and assistance in completing this thesis from afar Also many thanks go to
Robert Russell, my reader and mentor, for going above and beyond on my behalf in this
project. I am grateful to those who provided assistance in research, and with interviews;
all of the staff at the South Carolina Historical Society, the Post and Courier Library, and
the South Carolina History Room at the Charleston County Library, John Tracy Powers,
Robert Stockton, Jimmy Liollio, Creighton Frampton, John M. Mitchell, A. I. A., John
McCrady, Jr., and Lucille Von Kolnitz. Special thanks go to Elliott Constantine for
allowing me to plunder his office, and for all of his assistance, without which this project
would not have been possible. Of course, thanks to my husband for an endless supply of
support and patience, and Rebecca for data entry when I was at my wits end.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ii

List of Images v

Introduction 1

Chapter 1 ; Preservation in Ciiarleston 4

Chapter 2: Biography 13

Chapters: Architects Practicing in Charleston, 1940-1959 21

Chapter 4; Influences on Constantine's Designs 29

Chapter 5: Constantine's Projects in Charleston, 1940-1959 37

Conclusion 58

Bibliography 60

Appendices:

A: Maps 66

B: Comprehensive List of Course Work 71

C: Ledger 75

D: Images 140

E: Sampling of Books from Constantine's Oflfice 149

Index 152

List of Images

Figure 1: Gus Constantine at work with his son, Elliott, c. 1972. Courtesy of Constantine
and Constantine Architects.

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1: Fa9ade Changes to 8 State Street as submitted to the BAR, February 1955.
McDonald Papers, South Carolina Historical Society.

Figure 1.2: Revision of Facade changes to 8 State Street as suggested by Albert Simons,
February 7, 1955. McDonald Papers, South Carolina Historical Society.

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1: College of Charleston Gymnasium. Photographed by author, 4/00.
Figure 3.2: The Dock Street Theatre Photographed by author, 5/98.

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1: Balustrade from the J. J. Goodrum House, Atlanta, GA. Dowling, Elizabeth
Meredith. American Classicist: 77}e Architecture of Philip Trainmell
Shutze. New York: Rizzoli, 1989, plate 195, page 156.

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1: Chase Furniture Company Store, 414 King Street, photographed by author,
8/99.

Figure 5.2: St. Philip Street Shops, measured drawings, 1945. Augustus Edison

Constantine, St. Philip Street Shops, 1945. South Carolina Historical
Society.

Figure 5.3: St. Philip Street Shops, current conditions. Photographed by author, 2/00

Figure 5.4: John P. Botzis Building, 139 Calhoun Street Photographed by author, 2/00

Figure 5.5: Citizens and Southern National Bank Building, 284 King Street.
Photographed by author, 2/00.

Figure 5.6: Citizens and Southern National Bank, interior detail. Photographed by author,
2/00

Figure 5.7: The American Theatre, 446 King Street. Photographed by author, 8/99.

Figure 5.8: The Arcade Theatre and Shops, rendering, 1947. Augustus Edison

Constantine, Arcade Theatre and Shops, measured drawings 1947 South
Carolina Historical Society.

Figure 5.9: The Arcade Theatre and Shops, current conditions Photographed by author,
8/99.

Figure 5.10: Ebenezer A. M. E. Church, 44 Nassau Street. Photographed by author, 3/00.

Figure 5.11: Entrance to the former James Island Elementary School, 1955.
Photographed by author 2/00.

Figure 5.12: Courtenay School, Corner of Meeting and Mary Streets. Photograph
courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects, date unknown.

Figure 5.13: Citadel Alumni House, formerly the Kronsberg Residence, 97 Hagood
Street. Photographed by author, 3/00.

Figure 5,14: Hampton Inn, formerly Chicco Apartments, 345 Meeting Street.
Photographed by author, 8/99.

Appendix A

Figure A. 1: Boundaries of the Old and Historic District, 1931. Courtesy of the
Department of Planning and Urban Development for the City of
Charleston.

Figure A. 2: Boundaries of the Old and Historic District, 1966. Courtesy of the
Department of Planning and Urban Development for the City of
Charleston.

Figure A.3: Boundaries of the Old and Historic District, 1974. Courtesy of the
Department of Planning and Urban Development for the City of
Charleston.

Figure A. 4: Boundaries of the Old and Historic District, 1997. Courtesy of the
Department of Planning and Urban Development for the City of
Charleston.

Appendix D

Figure D.l: Marion Square Bandstand (1944, demolished 3/17/2000) Photographed by
author, 8/99.

Figure D.2; Cowperthwaite Building, 209-213 King Street (1946, aUered, date unknown)
Approved for demolition 3/22/2000.

Figure D.3: Health, Education, and Welfare Building, Atlanta, GA (1939). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph unknown

Figure D.4; J. C. Long Residence, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina (1948). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph unknown.

Figure D.5: Condon's Department Store, 431 King Street (1946, 1947, and multiple

campaigns of additions and alterations, demolished, 1995). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph unknown.

Figure D.6; McClennan Banks Memorial Hospital, rendering, Courtenay Drive (1956)

Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph
unknown.

Figure D.7: Haverty's Furmture Store, 294 King Street (1942). Photographed by author,
2/2000.

Figure D.8: Van Smith Building Materials Company, 276 East Bay Street (1949).
Photographed by author, 3/2000.

Figure D.9: Martschink Building, 26 Cumberland Street (1944). Photographed by author,
2/2000.

Figure D.IO: 307 King Street, date unknown. Photographed by author, 8/99.

Figure D.l 1: Charleston County Hall, 1000 King Street (1953). Photographed by author,
3/2000.

Figure D.12: Marilyn's Shoe Store, 299 King Street (1945). Photographed by author,
3/2000.

Figure D.13: McAlister's Mortuary, rendering, 163 Meeting Street (1953). Courtesy of
Constantine and Constantine Architects.

Figure D.14: McAlister's Mortuary, 150 Wentworth Street (1956). Courtesy of

Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of photograph unknown.

Figure D.15: Morris Street Baptist Church, 25-29 Morris Street (1964). Photographed by
author, 8/99.

Figure D. 16: Blessed Sacrament Church, U.S. Highway 17 (1950). Photographed by
author, 3/20.

Introduction

According to the chief historian of the preservation movement in America, "It is
within the power of the legislature to determine that the community should be beautiful
as well as healthy, spacious as well as clean, well-balanced as well as carefully
patrolled." The City of Charleston has been fortunate to have such legislators with
foresight to understand the importance of having a beautiful, healthy, vibrant community
Because of this foresight an ordinance creating an historic district was passed in 193 1, the
first in this country, and to this day the physical fabric of the history of Charleston is
intact like no other city in the United States. As a result, Charleston has led the way for
other cities to develop similar ordinances. Over time such legislation may have a
tendency to ossify, leaving the streetscape frozen in time Now as we enter into the 2r'
Century, Charleston's legislation may need to be reviewed and altereded, just as it was in
1974, to respond to changing needs.

Architecture of the mid-20 ' Century is unappreciated and, therefore unprotected
in Charleston. There are few buildings extant in Charleston that were constructed in the
popular styles of the 1940s and 50s: Art Deco, Moderne, or the International style
Augustus Edison Constantine was one architect who dared to create designs in the mid-
20''' Century that deviated from the lines of traditional Charleston architecture. While
other architectural firms such as Simons and Lapham, and Halsey and Cummings were
designing buildings in more Classical modes, and restoring older buildings, Constantine

Charles B. Hosmer, Jr., Presen'arion Comes of Age: From Williamsburg lo the .\aiional Tnisi, 1 926- 1949
(Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia. 1981): 1071.

was creating more modern buildings reflective of mid-20"' century styles These
buildings stand out in the streetscape and deserve to be recognized as worthy of
preservation.

Charleston's preservation community is beginning to recognize the value of 20^'-
century architecture, but that recognition is slow and inconsistent In 1987 preservation
advocates rallied support against the demolition of the Art Deco Riviera Theater (1938).
They collected 5,000 signatures and presented the petition to the Board of Architectural
Review (BAR) to save the building." However, the BAR granted approval for another
Art Deco facade on State Street to be modified to a bland Colonial Revival facade less
than five years ago. During the writing of this thesis, Constantine's Marion Square
Bandstand (1944) was demolished; and approval was granted for the demolition of the
Cowperthwaite Building (1946) at 209-213 King Street? If the City of Charleston were
to amend its historic preservation ordinance, the recognition of significant 20"'-century
structures may not be so slow, and fewer of these buildings might be lost.

Even today there is a battle raging between different factions of the preservation
community over the design of the College of Charleston's new library planned for the
corner of Calhoun and Coming Streets. There are those supporters who want new
buildings to look contemporary, to reflect when they were built. One of their greatest
fears is if new buildings do not reflect when they were designed, and are created in the

' Charles Edwin Chase. "Charleston: Guarding Her Customs. Buildings, and Laws." Historic Presen'aiion

Forum Magazine (YaW 1998).

^ Approval was granted by the BAR to demolish the Marion Square Bandstand in August 1998 The

building was demolished on March 17. 2000. Approval for the demolition of the Cowperthwaite Building

was granted at the BAR hearing of 3/22/00.

■* Robert Bchre. "Design Philosophies at Odds Over Library," [Charleston] Post and Courier (April 3.

2000): C-1.

more traditional modes, the city will turn into a theme park." It is believed that the
atmosphere of a theme park would be created from a homogeneous streetscape — a
streetscape frozen in time as may have happened in Sante Fe, New Mexico, and
Nantucket, Massachusetts, Still there are others in the preservation community that
believe there is no place in Charleston for contemporary architecture: they think the
design of the new library should be reflective of historic styles. ''

Constantine is most well known for his commercial structures on King Street in
downtown Charleston. However, he was commissioned for many other building types
throughout Charleston County, the surrounding counties, and out of state; public works,
churches, schools, warehouses, residences, theaters and office and apartment buildings.
He also completed additions and alterations to existing structures.

Constantine obtained far too many commissions throughout the course of his
career to discuss individually here In the interest of trying to promote awareness and
appreciation for mid-20 '-century architecture, I have limited the scope of this paper to
those of Constantine' s buildings which survive in the Old and Historic, or the Old City
Districts of Charleston, and were designed between 1940 and 1959. These parameters
undoubtedly leave out many outstanding designs created by Constantine, however it is
hoped that this will only be the first of many works devoted to the study of his
architecture.

Ibid.
Ibid.

Chapter 1: Preservation in Charleston

The City of Charleston established the first historic preservation district in this
country in 1931. The ordinance has been amended several times over the last 69 years.
These amendments have served to increase the power and scope of the Board of
Architectural Review (BAR), and have increased the boundaries of the district from a
small neighborhood south of Broad Street, to encompass the entire peninsula south of Mt
Pleasant Street in either the Old and Historic District, or the Old City District.^ The BAR
itself started out primarily as an advisory board of five members,^ which expanded to a
seven member board with more regulatory power/*

The historic preservation ordinance was established in Charleston as a result of
development pressures felt by the city after World War 1. As Charleston recovered
economically from the effects of the Depression, and the city became more accessible to
the outside world with the opening of bridges over the Ashley River (1926)", and the
Cooper River (1929),'' the character of the city became threatened: increased traffic on

' The Old and Historic District Ordinance was amended in 1959. 1966. 1975, 1985. 1990. and 1997

~ City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance, Article 2: Part 6. section 54-231. See Appendix A for maps

showing boundaries of the Old and Historic District and The Old City District.

^ Debbi Rlioad. 'The Board of Architectural Review in Charleston, 1931-1993." Presen'ation Progress

(spring 1993): p. 14. The original five members were each selected from a specific area of expertise in the

community. One member each came from. The Carolina Art Association, the local chapter of the American

Institute of Architects, the Charleston Real Estate Exchange, the local chapter of the American Society of

Civil Engineers, and the City's Planning and Zoning Commission.

■* City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance. Article 2. Section 54-233 Two members of the Board are

appointed by the Mayor from the community at large, and the rest are elected b> City Council Of the

members elected by City Council there must be an architect, an engineer, and a realtor, with two more

members from the community at large.

' Sydney Bland, Preserving Charleston 's Past, Shaping its Future (Columbia; University of South Carolina

Press, 1999): 72.

' Ibid.

the streets, the constaiction of gasoline stations and parking lots, and the removal of
architectural elements from many buildings by collectors

Charleston has always been a city steeped in tradition After World War 1 the city
was still being ruled by the same old planter families who were "noncommercial in
orientation and unalterably opposed to the social changes represented by such forces as
industrialization."^ They fought for the preservation of Charleston as it was known in its
so-called golden age, before the Civil War One author, when writing in 1 93 1 about
Charleston being so well preserved when compared with older northern cities, stated,
"Charleston suq^asses every other town in the country, as a museum of accumulated
domestic architecture up to the period [post-Civil War] when we cease to have any
domestic architecture worth the name "'' Preservation advocates cried out that the
Charleston landscape must be preserved against "the smoke, the tumult, the deadening
monotony, the fret of . industrial civilization ""* Another argument was made by the
preservation advocate, Elizabeth O'Neill Verner, "when America is wearied of too much
industry, when her fingers are blistered from coupon clipping and her lungs blackened
with carbon, she can leave her busy marts and come to our city "

Charleston suffered a multitude of natural disasters in the second half of the 19"
Century, two of which were a devastating fire in 1861, and a major earthquake in 1886

' Ibid. A classic example of this is when the Joseph Manigault House was threatened by demolition for the

construction of an automobile dealership. The house was preserved, but only at the expense of selling a

portion of the lot to Standard Oil Company for a gasoline filling station

* John P. Radford. "Social Structure and Urban Form: Charleston. 1860-1880. m Walter J. Frascr and

Winifred B. Moore. Eds., From the Old South to the New: Essays on the Transitional South (Wcslport.

Connecticut. 1981): 87

' "A Cit>- that Lives as a Monument," New York Tunes Magazine (No\eniber 1 . 1 93 1 ): n p Aichiteclurc

File. Charleston County Librar\'. South Carolina History' Room

"^ "Letter to the Editor." Charleston News and Courier (December 12. 1933).

" Elizabeth O'Neill Verner, Prints and Impressions of Charleston (Columbia, South Carolma, 1939) n.p.

Both of these events destroyed much of the city's antebellum architecture and might help
to explain this distaste for anything constructed after the Civil War The fire of 1 86 1
swept across 540 acres of the most densely populated area of the peninsula. The Civil
War had begun and with fewer men to respond to the fire, which was fijeled by strong
northeasterly winds, it raged unchecked. It burned a wide path across the peninsula from
the east end of Hasell Street to the marshes south of Tradd Street and west of Legare
Street (the area directly outside what would later be designated as the Old and Historic
District in 1931).'^ The earthquake of 1886 was felt in a greater area of the world than
any other on record. It shook a 2.5 million square mile area extending as far as northern
Wisconsin and southern Texas. '^ The greatest damage was felt in Charleston About
2,000 buildings were severely damaged and more than one hundred were declared unsafe
and had to be razed. The total property damage was estimated around six million
dollars.''' Such almost incomprehensible events would defimtely leave a lasting
impression on Charlestonians who long for quieter, less tragic days prior to the 1860s
The preference for antebellum architecture prevailed into the late 1950s, and it
was perpetuated by the BAR itself Albert Simons, prominent Charleston architect, was a
member of the BAR from its inception until 1975, when he retired '^ He was a
traditionalist, and the only architect on the Board throughout his entire tenure ^ He was
a principal in the firm of Simons and Lapham, which mainly devoted hs practice to the

'^ Jack Leland, "The Holy City Has Burned. Burned, Burned." [Charleston] News and Courier (Fcbruars 4.

1979): 6-C.

'^ "Charleston Earthquake, 1886," The Columbia Record Magazine (August 27, 1961). Earthquake File.

The South Carolina Historv Room. Charleston County Librar\'.

'^Ibid.

'^ Debbi Rlioad. "The Board of Architectural Review in Charleston, 1931-1993." Preservation Progress

(Spring, 1993): p. 18.

restoration of antebellum residences and plantations in the Charleston area '^ Simons
could hardly have served as the only architect on the BAR without having a great deal of
influence on the plans that were approved. When Simons was being interviewed upon
his retirement from the Board, he was quoted as saying, "The BAR does more than
accept or reject. It exists also 'to assist, to guide.' That's meant a lot of hours working in
this office on unacceptable schemes."'^ In February of 1955, an application for work at
8 State Street was denied Accompanying a letter concerning the denial, Frederick
McDonald, Chairman of the BAR, enclosed a revision of the elevation stating, "A
simpler fa?ade is attached as a suggestion," with the stamp of approval from the BAR
(see figure 1.2 and 1.3).'' In this instance it is clear that the BAR could be a positive
force for good architectural design.

Another reference to the preference for antebellum architecture can be found in a
newspaper article from the Chaiiestou Evening Post (1957): "A lack of prosperity
immediately after the War Between the States until after the turn of the 20"' Century
impeded the quality of Charleston architecture for years, as it did throughout the
Confederate States. "^° It is this lack of appreciation for late 19"'-century structures
during the first half of this century that is reminiscent of current times when the citizens

Gardner B. Miller. "Simons leaves BAR "Action' After 43 Years," News and Courier (June 16. 1975) 1-
B.

'^ South Carolina Historical Society has many, if not all. of the drawings done by Simons and Lapham.
The majority of those drawings are restoration of, or alterations to antebellum buildings on the peninsula as
well as plantations in the Charleston area. This will be discussed in more detail m chapter 5.
'* Gardner B. Miller, "Simons leaves BAR "Action' After 43 Years," A'evwanfi^CoMner (June 16. 1975) 1-
B.

'^ South Carolina Historical Society. McDonald Papers. Letter to Joseph Needle. Citv Engineer. Fcbruan
8, 1955.

^° "Architectural Styles Preser\ed." Charlesion Evening Fosi (Februar) 22. 1957). On file at the
Charleston County Library, South Carolina History Room. Architecture File.

m - . 1 1

^50

■€M>C> i • '

|44ij44j^ rlTfrfjjl' .@^§

STH i.. ■ M-^3 ■"':

.^;:.-...ii l-_

Figure 1.1 Facade changes as submitted

of Charleston and the Board of Architectural Review fail to recognize the value of mid

20^-century architecture.

Since the inception of Charleston's Board of Architectural Review, the city has

successfully preserved 18"'
and 19 '-century structures.
While these structures are
important, twentieth-century
architecture has been
severely neglected Interest
in older buildings should not

preclude efforts to preserve
significant 20"'-century
structures, some of which
will soon be a centui^ old
A city should be treated as a
living organism whose
history is on going. The
1940s and 50s were

significant decades in the history of our country, and should be treated as such There is
very little evidence of this period left in the streetscape of Charleston. The continued loss
of these 20* -century structures would potentially result in a homogeneous streetscape,
which would be very detrimental to the city. This tendency toward homogeneity was
recognized in a 1957 newspaper article, not as necessarily being a detriment, but rather

' F- K^ <::> CO -1^ ^l_ e.-v'-OvT I

Figure 1.2 Facade after BAR revisions

appropriate, "There are examples in the city of departure from the conservative and
traditional lines of the past," the author writes, "but these are found in only scattered
instances." The same author continued, "Charleston architects are utilizing new
techniques and materials available to them, and capitalizing on the lure of the city's
tremendous architectural history to attempt to achieve well-rounded, yet still conservative
and traditional products." ^

Augustus Edison Constantine is an under-appreciated architect from the mid- 20^'
Century who was deviating in his designs from traditional lines. Most of his
commissions were executed in the Moderne, International, and Art Deco styles, while
continuing to work in the Classical mode. The myopic concentration on preserving
Charleston's structures from earlier centuries has caused many of Constantine' s buildings
to fall into a state of ruin, while others are being demolished /" Charleston was a leader
in the preservation movement in the early part of this century, it has helped set a national
precedent. Cities throughout the country continue to look to Charleston as a model for
creating their own historic districts. What sort of example is being put forth by a city that
fails to recognize significant 20* -century structures?

The Federal Government adheres to this standard when considering if a property
is eligible to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places Many other historic
preservation districts in this country recognize a building or site to be historic if it is 50
years of age or older. There are even 464 properties listed on the National Register that
were built after 1950, with 77 of these places reflecting some aspect of our history since

-' Ibid.

1974.^'' Charleston's historic preservation ordinance states that a building located in the
Old City District is not eligible for review by the Board of Architectural Review unless it
is "at least 100 years old "■^'* While all buildings are subject to review in the Old and
Historic District, in the Old City District they are only protected from demolition, or
relocation if they are at least 75 years old, or are rated a category 1, 2, or 3'' on the
historic inventory maps from 1974 or 1985.^''

These restrictions on what is required to be reviewed have left room for damage
to be done With the exception of a few category 1, 2, or 3 buildings, any building
constructed in the Old City District after 1925 currently has no protection against
aUeration, demolition, or relocation. In addition, those buildings that were constructed in
the last quarter of the 19"' Century or the first quarter of the 20"' Century did not have
protection until they came of age; as a resuU, many late 19"' and early 20"'-century
buildings continued to be lost in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s.

At the very least Charleston should be capable of learning from its past mistakes.
Until 1975 the Board of Architectural Review only reviewed applications for exterior

^^ Marion Square Bandstand (1944, demolished 3/17/00 Condon's Department Store (1946) was

demolished in recent years to make room for a new apartment bmlding The Coppcrthwaitc Building at

207 King Street was approved for demolition 3/22/00.

^^ Carol D. Sluill and Beth L Savage. "Trends in Recognizing Places for Significance in the Recent Past."'

Historic Preservation Forum Magazine (Fall 1995): 44.

■'' City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance. Article 2; Part 6. section 54-232. Buildings in the Old Cit>

District are also subject to review by the Board of Architectural Review if they are rated in categories 1. 2.

or 3 on architectural suneys completed in 1974 and 1985. However the majonty of the buildings in the

Old City District were rated as categor>' 4. or were not included in the sur\ey.

'' There are 4 categories total, with category 1 buildings rating the highest as ""exceptional." and category 4

rating the lowest as "contributory." Category land 2 buildings are considered to be the most \aluable and

should be preserved //; situ at all costs.

''' City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance, Part 6: Article 2. section 54-232. The historic inventory maps are

kept in the City of Charleston's Department of Planning and Urban DcNclopment. Preser\ation Dnisions

oflRce.

changes to buildings constmcted prior to 1860.^^ Because of this lack of appreciation of
buildings constructed after the Civil War, countless Gothic Revival, High Victorian,
Second Empire, and Renaissance Revival structures were lost to the city In the 1950s, a
Renaissance Revival building at the corner of King and Calhoun Streets was demolished
to make way for a 'modern' shopping mall: Marion Square shops." Another building
lost during this time was a grand Victorian house on Calhoun Street, constructed in the
late 19''^ Century by well-known contractor, Henry Oliver. This house was demolished to
make room for Stuhr's Funeral Home, constructed in the Colonial Revival style "■' A
third building lost in the 1930s was the Gothic Revival style German Artillery Hall on
Wentworth Street.^"

If the citizens of Charleston had not been so focused in their beliefs that post Civil
War architecture was not worth preserving, many more valuable treasures would still be
extant today. In the 1990s the Board of Architectural Review would think long and hard
before allowing any modifications to the exterior of any buildings in the southwestern
area of the peninsula along Broad Street west of Legare, and Logan, New, Council, and
Savage Streets. Most of these buildings were constructed in the late 19' Century, or
early 20"" Century, after the great fire of 1861 swept through the area.^' All of these
buildings had the potential to be demolished, altered, or relocated at any time— until 1974
when the historic preservation ordinance was amended to provide regulatory control over

"' Debbi Rlwad. "The Board of Architectural Review in Charleston. 193 1-1993." Presen'ation Progress

(spring. 1993): p. 15.

^* Robert Stockton, local histonan, in conversation with author on 2/14/00.

-'Ibid.

^° Robert N.S. Wliitelavv and Alice F. Levkoff, A History in Photographs: Charleston Come Hell or High

Water (Charleston: Alice F. Levkoff and Patti F. Whitelaw, 1974): 67.

^' Jonathan H, Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture (Columbia:

University of South Carolina Press, 1997): 295.

structures that were at least one hundred years old, or fell into the appropriate category
assigned to it in the 1974 survey. Even then, the buildings still had to come of age.
When the architectural survey of the city was done in 1974, not a single late Victorian
building was given a rating or even mentioned

The Wilson-Sottile House, an outstanding example of Queen Anne style
architecture, constructed circa 1891, and located on the campus of the College of
Charleston, ^ was not mentioned in the survey of 1974, but it was given a rating as a
category 1 structure in 1985, when another inventory was done " This house has been
cited as being the best example of Queen Anne style architecture in the city of
Charleston. It was constructed by a progressive merchant by the name of Samuel Wilson
before it was sold to the Sottile family in 1912 The influential Sottile family lived in the
house for 52 years. Despite the grandeur of the house, and the history associated with
it, the house went unappreciated even in the 1970s.

Now 20 -century structures suffer the same fate of neglect and demolition
because BAR legislation does not extend its protective coverage beyond the first quarter
of the 20'' Century. How many more 20"'-century structures need to be lost before the
City of Charleston realizes that she is repeating a past mistake of judging too harshly the
architectural and historic merit of buildings designed in more recent decades'!' Charleston
should not be forever frozen in the 18"' and 19^' Centuries, but recognize that growth and
change are a natural and important process in a living city

^- Ibid, p. 512.

^^ Surveys (cards and maps) are kept ni the Deparlinent of Planning and Urban Dcvclopnicnl for the City of

Charleston.

Jonathan H. Poslon, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press. 1997): 512.

Chapter 2: Biography

Augustus Edison Constantine, known by his friends as "Gus" or "Mr. Gus," was
born in Skopelos, Greece, on September 1 1, 1898. He was the second of four children,
all of whom are now deceased.' He died in Charleston on November 13, 1976
Constantine immigrated to Savannah, Georgia, with his family at the age of six where is
father ran a fruit stand. ^ Constantine spent time at his father's fruit stand, minding the
store. It is here where he had his first taste of art and architecture He would spend the
afternoons there copying images from the inside of cigar boxes. He actually designed
his first constructed building, a storefront in Savannah, Georgia, at the age of fourteen

Dreaming of becoming an architect, Constantine took correspondence courses in
architecture through the International Correspondence School based in Scranton,
Pennsylvania, from 1913 through 1918." Records from the school indicate that he was an
excellent student; he studied such subjects as Ornamental Brickwork and Terra Cotta,
Common Brickwork, Rendered Elevations, Geometry, Arithmetic, Fireproofing,
Specifications, and Intersections, to name a few.*"

Elliott Constantine, son, in interview with author. 3/27/00.
' Warren Koon, "Drawing Board Philosopher." Weu-s and Courier. August 19. 1966 Building files at the
Charleston County Librar>'.
' Ibid.

^ Elliott Constantine in conversation with author. Februarv' 7. 2000.
' South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Constantine Papers. 1913-1975,

* South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Constantine Papers, 1913-1975. Records and textbooks from
International Correspondence School. See Appendix B for a complete list of subjects studied.

While continuing to take the correspondence courses, Constantine started working
as a draftsman at the Atlanta Paper and Pulp Corporation in Savannah, Georgia, in 19167
From 1917 to 1918, he worked as a draftsman in the Engineering Department of Central
of Georgia Railway Company in Savannah.^ After Constantine completed the
correspondence courses he moved to Atlanta and worked part time as a draftsman These
jobs financed his education at the Georgia School of Technology.' While at Georgia
Tech, Constantine studied under three professors, all of whom had graduated from the
University of Pennsylvania with a B S. or M.S. in architecture.'" He graduated from
Georgia Tech in 1921 with a two-year certificate in architecture" and went to work in the
Atlanta firm of Hentz, Adler, and Shutze Architects. He worked in this office as a
draftsman until 1935.'^

Constantine had a great deal of respect and admiration for Philip Trammel
Shutze,'^ who was a famed classical architect.'"* According to Constantine's son, Elliott,
it is the years that the elder Constantine spent working in the firm of Hentz, Adler, and
Shutze Architects that perfected his skill and developed his predilection for designing in
the classical mode. It is interesting to note that while Elliott Constantine and several of

' Resume on file with Elliott Constantine in the Office of Constantine and Constantine

' Ibid.

^ftid.

'° Catalogue of courses from Georgia Tech, 1921, p. 39; and Correspondence from Yen M. Tang. Archives

Assistant, Georgia Tech Library and Information Center, December 2, 1999.

" Catalogue of courses from Georgia Tech, 192 1, p. 40. The two-year certificate was called a "Two-Year

Special Course [in architecture]." To qualify for acceptance into this program, applicants were required to

have 1 year's experience in the office of a working architect and 15 [course] units; or 2 years' experience in

a working architect's office and approval of the faculty. In this program only architectural studies were

pursued.

'' Augustus Edison Constantine, Papers, 1913-1975. Resume.

'^ Elliott Constantine, Interview with author 1/20/00.

See: Elizabeth Meredith Dowiing's. /twencon Classicisi: The Architecture of Philip Irammell
Shutze. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.

Gus Constantine's employees say that he had a preference for Classical architecture, most
of the elder Constantine's commissions in Charleston were not executed in that style,
including his own office building. However, typical of the Art Deco style, most of his
designs do have some modified Classical detailing. Constantine told his son on
numerous occasions that he did not like what he termed "match box architecture," and
believed that all designs should include elements of the Orders, or some tbrm of exterior
ornamentation.

In the 1940s, modernist styles such as Art Deco and Moderne were popular in
America. It is quite possible that Constantine was following in the footsteps of his
mentor, Philip Trammel Shutze. Several of Shutze's buildings executed after 1936 show
an attempt at the adaptation of classical tradition to modern aesthetics."" He began first
creating more modern interior spaces, and then employed such features as planar walls
painted cream or white, simplicity of detailing, and geometric massing in his designs in a
desire to accommodate current aesthetic interests.^

Constantine traveled to France, Italy, and Greece to study architecture in 1930.
Most of his time in Europe was spent in Greece as evidenced by his collection of
photographs from the trip.' There is quite an assortment of building photographs.
Constantine took many pictures of buildings on the Acropolis, with a concentration of
details of columns, capitals, and porticoes. Constantine also studied modern buildings in

'^ In conversation with Elliott Constantine, February 2000.

'^ Elizabeth Meredith Dovvling, American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Traminell

Shutze (New York: Rizzoh, 1989); 151.

" Ibid.

'* Augustus Edison Constantine, resume. On file with Elliott Constantine at Constantine and Constantine

Architects. Charleston, SC.

" South Carolina Historical Society, Constantine papers. Photo Album. (Contains over 450 photographs)

Athens, such as the University of Athens, whose general facade design can be seen in
many of his designs in Charleston. Out of a collection of over 450 photographs, there are
approximately 45 photos from his travels in Italy and only four from France, the rest are
of Greek architecture. It is also evident that Constantine did some sketching while he
was traveling abroad. Although no scrapbooks have been found, there is one undated
chalk drawing of the sphinx sculpture outside a museum in Caulkis, Greece.

In 1936 Constantine married Irene Botzis (1917-1991) whom he met in Savannah.
They had three children: Elliott, Peter and Anthony.'^ In the same year as their marriage
Constantine established his own practice in Atlanta, which he maintained until 1939
when he and his family relocated to Charleston, S.C. While Constantine was working in
Atlanta he designed one of the largest commissions of his career— a million dollar office
building for the State of Georgia (1939). He also worked for the United States
Government, R. J. Reynolds, and several other clients on smaller projects while in
Atlanta.^^ Constantine was commissioned by Reynolds to complete a large project, as
resident architect, on Reynolds' Sapeloe Island (Georgia) plantation, 1935-1936. He
rehabilitated the 35-room main house and built various out buildings— a power plant,
machine shops, a barn, and a garage. ^^ One can assume that it was these large projects in
Georgia that allowed him to obtain so many commissions when he first moved to
Charleston.

"° Augustus Edison Constantine, photograph album with list of photographs and Chalk Drawing of a

Spliinx, undated. The photograph of the sphin.x is # 161. The perspective in the photograph is the same as

in tlie chalk drawing.

'' Elliott Constantine in interview with author. 1/20/99.

"^ South Carolina Historical Societ>. Augustus Constantine Papers. 1913-1975. Partial ledger

'^ South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Constantine Papers, 1913-1975. Partial ledger

Constantine established his practice in Charleston under the name Augustus E.
Constantine, Architect at 149 Calhoun Street."'^ He generally ran his office with 3-6
draftsmen ' He did not take on any panners until his son joined the firm in 1969 to form
Constantine and Constantine .'\rchitects "^ The elder Constantine was well respected by
his employees. He is remembered as being direct in his speech, and meticulous--in
appearance, and in his work. It has been said that Constantine was definitely ''the boss in
the office," One of his friends would tease Constantine regarding his direct nature saying.
"Gus isn't happy unless he has insuhed at least two people before breakfast "-'
Constantine was also described as knowledgeable and a good, patient teacher '* John
Tracy Powers, who worked for Constantine for 22 years said. "Mr. Constantine was the
best teacher I ever had. Not only did he know what he was talking about, he also knew
how to teach. "■^^

Constantine is said to have had many friends, that he was well liked by all
Creighton Frampton. retired Supenntendent of Charleston County Schools, was a close
friend of Gus Constantine.^" Constantine also established friendships with man\ well-
known, wealthy Charlestonians It is unclear if these relationships were estabhshed
because they were his clients, or if they became his clients because they were fiiends.

Augustus Edison Constantine's resume on file witli Elliott Constantine at Constantine and Constanune
Architects. Charleston. SC. The firm mo\ed from this office to 139 Calhoun Street in 1946. Constantine
designed tlus building specifically for his office. In a newspaper article written in the local Xews and
Courier at the time Constantine moved it was said to be tJie first such design in Charleston. S C

Demeirios Liollo in inten iew with author 1/13/00

Augustus Edison Constantines resume on file with Ellion Constantine at Constantine and Constantine
Architects. Charleston. SC.

Creighton Frampton in an interview with author. 2/8/00.

John Trac> Powers, employee for 22 years in an inteniew with the author. 1/10/2000; and D. C. LioUio.
emplo\ee for 5 years, in an inteniew with the author 1/13/2000.
^' Telephone interview with author. 1/7/2000.
^° In an lnter\iew with author. 2/8/00

One such person was Albert Sottile for whom he did a great deal of work The
Sottile family owned and constructed most, if not all, of the theaters in Charleston They
also owned three active realty companies.^' Beginning in 1941 the Sottile family appears
to have hired Constantine exclusively— starting with alterations to their American
Theatre at 446 King Street He was commissioned frequently to do repairs and
alterations to all of the theaters on the peninsula. ^- Constantine was also commissioned
by the realty companies" to design several apartment buildings, a theater west of the
Ashley River, and to do alterations to their offices.^"*

Constantine has also been touted by many as being an excellent pubHc speaker "
While living in Charleston, he was an active member of the community and often gave
talks on various subjects. In 1944 Constantine spoke at a meeting of the Exchange Club
on the need for planning Charleston's post-war growth. He was quoted in the newspaper
as stating, "It is up to the people to see that new buildings are created in a beautiftil and
enlightened way, so that all who live here will have a bigger and better Charleston. "^'^
Five years later he spoke to his fellow members of the Kiwanis Club of Charleston, citing
14 projects that he deemed absolutely necessary for the well being of the city: new
schools, slum clearance and new hving units, and a new libran/." Constantine also spoke

^^ [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives Sottile family file. se\eral articles

- The American Theatre, Gloria Theatre, Garden Theatre. Arcade Theatre and Shops. Riviera Theatre,
Ashley Theatre, and the Majestic Theatre. Sec ledger.
" Theatres Realty, Wentworth Realty Company, and Rosalind Realt> Company.

See ledger.

John Tracy Powers, employee for 22 years in an interview with the author, 1/10/2000. and D. C. Liollio
employee for 5 years, in an inter\'iew \vith the author 1/13/2000.

[Charieston] Post and Courier Archives, File on Augustus Constantine. No author, "Architect Urges
Expert Shaping of Post-War Plans." News and Courier, August 17, 1944. n.p.

[Charleston] Post and Courier Archives, File on Augustus Constantine. No author, "Cooperative and
Progressive Spirit Called Need of City," News and Courier, Februan,' II. 1949, n.p.

of problems throughout the city that he beheved would respond to cooperative efforts by
the citizens of Charleston. ^^

Not all talks that Constantine gave in Charleston were related to the built
environment or the future of the city. He also spoke on social issues such as the state of
patriotism in this country ' and delinquency prevention in children "^^ It seems that
Constantine had a reputation for being something of a speaker wherever he went. Friends
and former employees remember him as being able to talk to anyone, being full of
humor, and extroverted.'*' Constantine's yearbook of 1921 from the Georgia school of
Technology describes him as a "bag of conglomerated jabber ""'^

While practicing in Charleston, Constantine designed in several styles: Neo-
classical, Moderne, Art Deco, and the International style. In the early years of his
practice in Charleston, Constantine worked mainly for the Federal Government designing
buildings on the Naval Base in Charleston.'*^ Beginning in 1944, however, Constantine
obtained more private commissions and after WWII designed mostly commercial
buildings and storefronts, especially along King Street in Charleston This led him to be
called the "architect of King Street.""*"* Some of the better-known buildings on King
Street that Constantine designed are the Chase Furniture Company store at 414 King
Street (1946), the American Theatre at 446 King Street (1946), C & S Bank building at

39 "'■'^

[Charleston] Posl and Courier Archives. File on Augustus Constantine, No author. 'Native of Greece

Explains the Current State of Patriotism."" .K'ews and Courier. Febniar> 22. 1964. n.p

[Charleston] Post and Courier Archives. File on Augustus Constantine. No author. "Ways to Prevent

Delinquency are Cited by Mr. Constantine. S'ews and Courier, January 27. 1955. n p.
John Tracy Powers, employee for 22 years in an interview with the author. 1/10/200U; and D. C. Liollio.

employee for 5 years, in an interview with the author 1/13/2000; and Robert Stockton, friend, news reporter

and, local historian, in an interview with author, 1/12/2000.

"' Georgia Institute of Technology, Librarv- and Infomiation Center. The Blue Print. 1921. p. 40.

■"^ South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Constantine Papers, 1913-1975. Partial ledger.

"" John Tracy Powers, employee for 22 years. Interview with author, 1/10/2000.

284 King Street (1948), and the Marion Square Bandstand (1944, demolished 3/17/00).
Other building types that Constantine designed throughout his career were apartment
buildings, churches, schools, theaters, residences, and public works "*' In the 1950s, most
of the firm's commissions came from the various school boards in the area Constantine
obtained over 75 commissions for new school buildings and additions to existing ones/^^

Constantine never became a member of the American Institute of Architects. One
might speculate that he never became a member because he did not have a baccalaureate
degree. However, Demetrios Liollio, draftsman in the firm for five years, believes that
Constantine was unable to become a member of the A l.A due to professional jealousy.
He believes that other architects were jealous of Constantine's ability to obtain such a
large number of commissions being a new resident of Charleston and an immigrant "^^
Despite not becoming a member of the A. I. A., Constantine still had a busy career in
architecture. He received well over 900 commissions over the course of his career He
was registered and practiced in South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida, and Georgia "*^
Constantine became semi-retired after his son joined the firm and became its principal
architect in 1968, but he continued to practice right up to his death in 1976

South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Constantine Papers. 1913-1975 Partial ledger
■"^ See ledger.

The office of the South Carolina Chapter of the A.I. A., and the national office were not unable to confinn
any rejections, nor were they able to find out what tlie requirements were for becoming a member prior to
current requirements, beyond a recommendation from another practicing architect.
"* In interview with author 1/13/2000.

"'^ Augustus Edison Constantine's resume on file \\ith Elliott Constantine at Constantine and Constantine
Architects, Charleston, SC.

Chapter 3: Charleston Architects, 1940-1959

Before Constantine's arrival in Charleston in 1940 it appears that there were few,
if any, Modeme or Art Deco buildings being constructed in the city. Most certainly there
were no other local firms creating such designs. The general preference of citizens and
architects alike was for "traditional [buildings] to suit the locality." This is evidenced
by statements in the newspaper as noted above, and by looking at the work being done by
such firms as Simons and Lapham, Douglas Ellington, and Halsey & Cummings."

The firm of Albert Simons (1890-1980)^ and Samuel Lapham (1892-1972/ was
established in 1920. They practiced until 1942 when both partners returned to the
military to serve in Word War II."'' After the War the firm was reactivated and continued
to grow. They took on another principal in 1955, John M. Mitchell (1922- ), changing
the firm's name to Simons, Lapham and Mitchell.^ According to Mr. Mitchell the firm
had no preference for any particular style of architecture. He wrote that client's wishes
and needs, as well as the location of the project were considered when designing a
building/

' Charleston County Library, South Carolina Room. Architects Biography File. "Simons and Lapham

Return from War Duty to Architecture," [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier (January 20,

1946): n.p.

■^ Charleston City Directories, Various Publishers and years.

' "Charleston Architect, Albert Simons Dies," The State (May 25, 1980): 4-H.

" "Charleston Architect, Samuel Lapham, Dies," The Post ami Courier (October 2, 1972). Genealogy File,

South Carolina Historical Society.

^ F. Melendez, "Architects in Profile: Albert Simons, F.A.I. A.," Presen'ation Progress (Vol. 8, No. 2,

March 1963): 4.

* Correspondence from John M. Mitchell, A.l.A. on January 24, 2000. On file with author.

' Ibid.

However, the majority of commissions the firm obtained, particularly in the 1940s
and earlier, were to renovate, rehabilitate, or construct residences in the Old and Historic
District, or well-known plantations in the area. Such examples are alterations to 5 1 East
Bay Street ( 1 94 1 ), 54 Hasell Street ( 1 94 1 ), Lowndes Grove Plantation ( 1 94 1 ) and 1 4
Legare Street ( 1 95 1 ).^ They also restored the steeple on St. Michael's Episcopal Church
after the tornado of 1938."^

It seems in the 1 930s and 40s the only place they dared move away from
"traditional" designs were in the interiors. Two such buildings are the College of

Charleston Gymnasium
and the Meminger
Auditorium. The College
of Charleston
Gymnasium, located at
24 George Street, was
constructed in 1938.'"
This building is of the
Georgian Revival style
with its colossal engaged columns, symmetry, and formal arrangement. Randolph Hall,
on the main campus, seems to have influenced the design of the gymnasium. Meminger
Auditorium, located at 22 Beaufain Street was also constructed circa 1938, in the

South Carolina Historical Society. Architectural Drawings by Simons and Lapham.
' "Simons and Lapham Return From War Duty to Architecture," [Charleston] News and Courier (January
20, 1946). Biography/ Architects file. Post and Courier Archives.

'" Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press, 1997): 439.

Classical Revival style. ' This building was designed with colossal Doric columns, inset
in a portico. The auditorium is also symmetrical (as it was designed in 1938) and has few
decorative elements. One historian notes that this design owes something to the work of
Robert Mills.'" Despite the evidence that they are truly traditional Charleston buildings,
they are both said to be "more functional" buildings compared to other Simons and
Lapham designs. Still having the outward appearance of traditional Charleston buildings,
but with "freer and more modem" interiors.'^

Simons and Lapham in collaboration with Douglas Ellington designed the Robert
Mills Manor Project — low-income housing of thirty- four units, located on Beaufain
Street. They were constructed between 1939-1940.'^ Even these buildings were
designed with traditional Charleston architecture in mind. According to one author their
materials, detailing and scale, along with standing seam metal gable roofs, make them
reminiscent of Charleston rear dependencies.' The traditional design of the Robert Mills
Manor contrasts greatly with that of Techwood Homes in Atlanta (dedicated in 1936), the
first such project in America."' Techwood Homes were designed to have a more modem
appearance with flat roofs, metal casement windows, and massive rectangular blocks,
details demanded by the governmental advisors.' ''

' Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide lo the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South CaroHna Press, 1997): 490.
'- Ibid.

' Charleston County Library, South Carohna Room. Architects Biography File. "Simons and Lapham
Return from War Duty to Architecture," [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier (January 20,
1946): n.p.

Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture (Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press, 1997): 345.

'I "'''^-

'^ Elizabeth Meredith Dowling. American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammel Schutze (New

York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1989): 177.

'^ Ibid.

In the 1950s Simons, Lapham, and Mitchell became more comfortable with

contemporary architecture and designed such buildings as the Newspaper Publishing

Plant and Offices for The News and Courier and The Evening Post (Post and Courier).'^

In an address to the National Planning Conference in 1954, Albert Simons stated:

I believe that properly designed contemporary buildings can be
assimilated in Charleston provided they are sympathetically studied in
relation to their surroundings... we cannot go on indefinitely serving up
warmed over Colonial and expect it to be forever palatable to a constantly
evolving culture.

Aside from the low-income housing units, Douglas Ellington (1886-1960),'^

Architect, was not involved in many projects in Charleston. Most of his commissions

were in Asheville, NC, in the Northeast Corridor, and overseas.'" Mr. Ellington

belonged to many organizations such as the Society tor Preservation of Old Dwellings,

the Carolina Art Association, the South Carolina Historical Society, and the Philadelphia

Water Color and Sketch Club, to name a few. He also taught at Drexel Institute,

Columbia University, and Carnegie Institute of Technology."' Perhaps his most well

known commission in Charleston was the restoration of the Dock Street Theatre/Old

Planters' Hotel in 1935, which is located at 135 Church Street." After this project was

completed, Ellington spent more time in Charleston and was said to be "keenly interested

in the preservation of the city's architectural heritage."'^

Correspondence from John M. Mitchell, A.l.A. on January 24, 2000. On file with author.
"Douglas Ellington Rites Set Today," f Charleston] News and Courier (August 29, 1960): n.p. On file at
the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.

;° Ibid.

"Douglas Ellington Rites Set Today," [Charleston] News and Courier (August 29, 1960); n.p. On file at
the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.

" Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston; A Guide to the City's Architecture (Columbia:
University ofSouth Carolina Press, 1997): 180.
' "Death Claims Noted Architect," [Charleston] Evening Post (August 30, 1960): n.p. On file at the

Mr. Ellington came to Charleston specifically for this restoration project," which

was sponsored by the City of

Charleston as a Works Progress

Administration project." Again

he collaborated with Albert

Simons of Simons and Lapham

who were responsible for the

creation the new interior of Dock

Street Theatre."''

One does not really need to

know what sort of commissions

Mr. Ellington obtained to

understand what his stylistic

preferences were. In 1958 Douglas Ellington wrote a reactionary letter to the editor of

the [Charleston] News and Courier entitled, "About Architecture."" In this letter he

declares himself to be vehemently opposed to what he termed "Contemporary

architecture." He wrote:

"Contemporary" architecture is not only, as the very term implies,
impermanent, but is essentially un-American as well as un-Anglo-Saxon.
Although it has spotted itself throughout our fine streets and centers, as

'" "Douglas Ellington Rites Set Today," [Charleston] News and Courier (August 29, I960): n.p. On file at
[Charleston] Post and Courier Archives,
the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.

Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City's Architecture (Columbia:
University ofSouth Carolina Press, 1997): 180.
'^ Ibid.

'' Douglas Ellington, "About Architecture," [Charleston] News and Courier (April 2, 1958): n.p. On file
at the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.

well as our very alleys, it is still an abortive and cancerous process which
will inevitably receive the condemnation that it merits, and, if we are to
maintain, or restore, or develop any solidity of culture whatever, the
results of this falseness in architecture (by whatever name called)... must
be torn down."**

There is little information to be obtained about projects designed by the firm of
Halsey and Cummings (later to become Cummings and McCrady). Marion Halsey
(1903-1955) and Cornelius T. Cummings (1913-1967)-*^ both served in World War II, so
the firm would have been closed during that time, and Mr. Halsey died unexpectedly in
1955 at the age of 52.''" There are few records left of their work. Mr. Halsey's obituary
lists the Johnson B. Hagood Stadium to be one of the firm's projects, date unknown.

Mr. Halsey's daughter, Lucille Von Kolnitz, states that her father designed many
schools and residences in the early 1 950s. ~ ' She also stated that Mr. Halsey did not have
much free rein while designing the schools, but that he preferred more traditional
architecture [as opposed to contemporary] in the residential designs. Mrs. Von Kolnitz
pointed out that their own residence at 1 09 South Battery Avenue, designed by her father
and completed in 1954, was almost an exact replica of a house in Williamsburg, Virginia.

John McCrady, Jr. (1921- ), engineer, joined the firm in 1957."'" He is unable to
recall specific projects, but states that most of their commissions came from the military
and school boards throughout the state."' When asked about the firm's thoughts on
modem architecture, Mr. McCrady stated, "We didn't like it, but we did it." He describes

'' Ibid.

"C. T. Cummings Dies Unexpectedly," [Charleston] News and Courier {May 12, 1967). Biography File,
The South Carolina History Room, Charleston County Library.

"M. B. Halsey, Architect Dies. Funeral Today," [Charleston] News and Courier (November 16, 1955):
n.p. On file at the [Charleston] Post and Courier Archives.
' Lucille Von Kolnitz in conversation with author 2/16/99.
" John McCrady, Jr., in conversation with author.
' Ibid.

the school buildings to be "bland," as they were designed to be of the least expense. '^'^

Halsey and Cummings also did some interior and exterior alterations to existing
structures. In 1949, Gainey's Super Rexall Drug Store at the southwest comer of King
and Calhoun Streets was completely remodeled by the firm." All of the appliances, as
well as the ceiling and floor tiles were replaced on the interior. A rear addition was
added, and major exterior alterations were undertaken. ^^ The 19"^-century cast iron
storefront was replaced by a large plate glass and aluminum storefront. In addition, any
elements that identified the structure as Victorian were removed (such as a bracketed
cornice).' The advertisement announcing the opening of the newly remodeled store
touts it as the "New, modem Gainey's ..." The store was also awarded a certificate from
the Charleston Chamber of Commerce for its contributions toward the beautification of
King Street.^^

By examining these few examples of commissions obtained by other firms in
Charleston during the time that Constantine was designing Art Deco and Modeme
structures, it becomes more obvious that Constantine's designs really do stand out in the
streetscape. While Constantine was designing the same basic types of buildings as
Cummings and McCrady, and Simons and Lapham, such as school and military projects,
he did manage to leave his mark on the city. Not one other architect's designs can be so
readily distinguished in the streetscape as can Constantine's. With a few exceptions, the

"" "Formal Opening Today for New Gainey Drug Store," [Charleston] News cm Courier (September 15,

1949): n.p.

J^ Ibid.

■ Comparing the photos of the store with a photograph from 1 945 that appeared in an article entitled, "The

World Enters a New Era of Peace Today," The Charleston Evening Post (August 15, 1945): n.p.

" "Formal Opening Today for New Gainey Drug Store," [Charleston] News an Courier (September 1 5,

1949): n.p.

work of other firms during that time seemed successful in blending in with the rest of the
architecture in Charleston without making a statement, and without reflecting the decades
in which they were designed.

Chapter 4: Influences on Constantine's Designs

When considering what influenced Constantine's architectural designs throughout
his career, the most obvious places to look would be his education and early employers.
Constantine does not appear to have taken many classes in architectural history. The
correspondence courses he completed in 1919 covered only technical subjects.' The
closest he would have gotten to a formal study of architectural styles was the architectural
freehand and perspective drawing sections. In these sections the student was given
certain assignments related to architectural drawing and rendering; the models were the
Parthenon and residential housing in late 1 9' -century styles, such as Shingle, Queen
Anne, and Stick styles (none specifically named as such). Other subjects chosen for
assignments were the Orders." Nowhere in this section were particular styles or time
periods emphasized, or stated in any way.

When Constantine attended Georgia Tech (1920-1921), he enrolled in the two-
year certificate program; and during these years Constantine received his formal training
in art and architectural history. The 1920-21 catalogue from Georgia Tech outlines the
requirements to earn the certificate. All of the classes were directly related to
architecture; only five out of 39 classes were devoted to art or architectural history. All

See comprehensive list of courses in Appendix B.
* The International Library of Technoloogy, A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering
Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Who Desire Information Concerning Them:
Geometrical, Ornamental, Architectural, Freehand, and Perspective Drawing (Scranton: International
Textbook Company, 1922): 5:87-5:92

five of these classes concentrated on classical or "important historic styles."^ Given this
information, it is safe to assume that Constantine's formal architectural training
encouraged a preference for designing in the classical mode that his co-workers and
family state he possessed. His student drawings that survive from that time are of
buildings that are classically inspired, or in the Neo-Classical and Georgian styles. There
is an ink drawing of a bank (1920), and a watercolor of a church (1921), both of which
have similar characteristics: full entablatures with low-pitched pediments, one supported
by colossal columns. Both of these designs are symmetrical. The church was designed
with quoins and an elliptical fan light over double doors.'*

After Constantine graduated from the Georgia School of Technology, he began to
work as a draftsman in the firm of Adler and Shutze (formerly Adler, Hentz and Reid) in
Atlanta.' As previously mentioned, Philip Trammel Shutze was a well-known classical
architect whom Constantine, according to his family, greatly admired. Shutze had also
studied at Georgia Tech, as well as Columbia University, earning two Bachelor of
Science degrees in Architecture.^ In 1915 Shutze entered a competition for the Rome
Prize, which was considered the finest architectural award in an era of numerous
significant student prizes. It entitled a student to three years of study and travel in Italy,

" Catalogue of courses at The Georgia Institute of Technology, 1920-21, p. 40-51. These classes are
entitled: "History of Architecture Anceint;" "History of Architecture, Mediaeval;" "History of Architecture,
Modem (Devoted to a consideration of Renaissance and Modem Architecture beginning with the work of
Brunelleschi.);" "Historic Omament;" and "History of Art (paying special attention to ...Italian
Renaissance.)."

South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine, Student drawings, 1920-2 1 .

Augustus Edison Constantine's Resume. On file in the office of Constantine and Constantine, Charleston,
SC.

Elizabeth Meredith DowUng. American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoli, 1989): 4.

through the American Academy in Rome/ (The closest rival to that program was the
Paris Prize at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, valued at $2500.00, or two and a half years of
study.) Shutze won the competition and left for Rome in the fall of 1915.** He stayed in
Europe for a total of five years, as he served in the American Red Cross during World
War I.*^

The American Academy in Rome was established after the Chicago World's Fair
of 1893. Charles FoUen McKim, of McKim, Meade, and White was the mastermind
behind the plan, and principal founder of the Academy.'" McKim realized that there was
a need for an American school in Europe that emphasized the principles of collaboration
between architects, builders, painters, sculptors, and landscape architects, within the
classical manner as he had seen at the Chicago Fair."

McKim had studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris for three years, but he
was not entirely happy there; because of his Quaker background he did not like French
manners, nor did he share French tastes.'" The course of study originally proposed at the
Academy was, "to occupy their [students'] time in close contact with the examples of
Greece and Rome, and the early Renaissance."'" McKim had determined that Rome was
the true center of civilization after he traveled in England and the Continent. He

' Ibid., p. 9.
' Ibid.
' Ibid.

Lucia Valentine, and Alan Valentine, The American Academy in Rome. (Charlottesville,
University of Virginia Press, 1973): I.
" Ibid., p. 2.
'-Ibid., p. 3.
" Ibid., p. 7.

described Rome as being a "great reservoir of past culture, a good place to study man's
classical heritage."'

Because Philip Trammel Shutze was so heavily engrossed in the study of
Renaissance and Classical architecture, it is reasonable to assume that this influence
would be transmitted to those who worked with him, especially in the early and
impressionable years of their careers. Augustus Constantine worked as a draftsman
under the tutelage of Adler and Shutze for fourteen years after he graduated from Georgia

Tech. Classical styles, or historical
precedent, were emphasized heavily in
most American architectural programs,
following the Parisian Beaux-Arts
system of education during the first
part of the 20' Century. The same was
true of Georgia Tech while
Constantine was a student there. With
these two great influences being
present it is not a great surprise that
Constantine should have developed a
predilection for Classical architecture.
Certain details and work habits continue to be seen throughout Constantine's
career that reflect the influence of having worked for Adler and Shutze for so long.
Unlike Shutze, Constantine was more accepting of modem styles of architecture. Shutze

Figure 4. 1 J.J. Goodrum House
Balustrade

"Ibid., p. 3.

found modernism to be too severe to be introduced into his designs, except for certain
types of interior spaces. " In the J. J. Goodrum house (1929) in Atlanta the balustrade in
the entry hall is decidedly modem (See figure 4. 1 ). '*" A slight modification of this design
is found in several of Constantine's designs. He employed this design for exterior
balustrades for an unexecuted plan for a residence (1940) for him and his family in
Charleston. The same balustrade can be found as part of the designs for interior
alterations for Legerton and Company (1944), and the Citadel Alumni House at 97
Hagood Street among many others.'**

Constantine also developed work habits that may have been a result of his
employment with the Atlanta firm. He kept a large architectural library in his office in
Charleston. This was a concept introduced to Shutze by Hentz and Reid when he began
his employment with the firm.''' At the time of Shutze's death his collection of
architectural literature contained 1,756 items. "° Constantine also kept a large collection
of books in his office. The entirety of his collection is unknown at this time, but
photographs of the interior of his office at 139 Calhoun show three large built-in
bookshelves filled with books, and his co-workers all say that he was well read."'

' Elizabeth Meredith DowUng. American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoli, 1989): 172.
"•Ibid., p. 156-7.

South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine. Residence at 5''' and Margaret Street
(Charleston, South Carolina).

" Legerton and Company, 263 King Street, interior and exterior alterations, 1944. Also found in the
Bazakas House (1949). On file in the offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects, Charleston, South
Carolina.

Elizabeth Meredith Dowling, American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoli, 1989): 37.
J^Ibid.

Books are in storage and inaccessible at this time. However, a small selection of Constantine's books
remain in the office of Constantme and Constantine Architects. See Appendix E for a list.

Another work habit that Constantine's friends and co-workers often mention was
his attention to detail. John Tracy Powers says that Constantine looked at every detail of
every drawing and demanded that the drawings be perfect. He also says that Constantine
made frequent site visits. If he did not like the workmanship, he would make the builders
tear it down and start over again." In designing interior spaces, particularly residential,
Constantine would frequently design fireplace mantels and surrounds, cornice profiles,
and built-in cabinets and bookshelves. In commercial structures he usually designed a
unique pattern in a terrazzo floor at the entrance of the building and on the ground floor.
Quite often, Constantine would create a landscape design for the premises that would
include a brick or stucco wall with an intricate wrought iron gate of his own design.^^

According to Elizabeth Meredith Dowling, Shutze was also very much a
perfectionist who paid great attention to detail. He would often create a landscape design
with his commissions, as well as many of the interior details."^'* Constantine did not
create the same types of elaborate interiors or landscapes that Shutze did, but at the same
time, he did not have the Shutze's wealthy Atlanta clients. There is no doubt however,
that the practices of Philip Trammel Shutze in his great attention to detail in his designs,
did impact the way Constantine executed his plans.

Intricate and unique designs of wrought iron are incorporated throughout
Constantine's work, in gates, balustrades, and balconies. In 1952, he was even
commissioned by Albert Sottile to create wrought iron railings in four theaters and a

Interview with author, 1/10/2000.
'" Constantine's designs for additions and modifications to his own house at 201 Grove Street demonstrate
this point well; he designed all of the listed elements except for a fireplace mantel and surround. Building
plans are on file with the South Carolina Historical Society.

Elizabeth Meredith Dowling, American Classicist: The Architecture of Philip Trammell
Shutze (New York: Rizzoli, 1989): 36.

restaurant in the Old and Historic District.'" This keen interest in creating these designs
may have come from the hitemational Correspondence School. One of the courses of
study was Ornamental Metal Work.'*' Elements from the wrought iron railing designed
for the orchestra pit at the Gloria Theatre (1952)"^ derive from examples provided in the
textbook."*

Since there is no evidence of what (or who) inspired Constantine's more modem
designs, it might be difficult to understand why he created them at all. The fact that
Constantine did turn more toward the designs of Modeme and Art Deco architecture in
the 1940s was probably a natural progression of the times. The two styles of Art Deco
and Modeme architecture emerged in the 1920s and 30s. "'* These designs are
representative of a desire to seek out new forms, or modifications of old forms, to express
the continually changing character and accelerated tempo of the new age.^'^ While there
were other architectural styles emerging — Constmctivism, Expressionism, Futurism, and
the Intemational style — it was the Art Deco and Modeme that caught the attention of
most Americans and permeated their lives on every level. ' The influences of the two
styles affected almost every facet of the design world from hair styles and clothing, to

Augustus Edison Constantine, Ironwork, 1952. Historical Society of South Carolina.

Intemational Library of Technology. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering
Professions. Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Who Desire Information Concerning Them:
Fireproofmg of Buildings: Stair Building: Ornamental Metal Work: Builders' Hardware: Roofing: Sheet-
Metal Work: Mill Design. Scranton: Intemational Textbook Company. 1922.

South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine, Gloria Theatre, 1952.

David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
4.

'"ibid., p. 1,
" Ibid.

American films, to furniture, and finally to architecture/'' Given the immense popularity
of the two styles, it should not be surprising that Constantine would have turned his
attention to these new designs--and began creating them himself

Ibid.

Chapter 5: Projects in Charleston, South Carolina (1940-1959)

Throughout his career, Constantine obtained well over nine hundred
commissions. The size of the commissions varied from large federal and state-funded
projects, to smaller private commissions, to the creation of wrought iron railings. It is
these smaller commissions from private clients in the decades of the 1940s and 50s that
provide an over-all sense of Constantine's architectural designs. As previously
mentioned, Constantine completed designs for a wide variety of building types:
residential, including single-family dwellings and apartments, commercial structures,
religious institutions, schools, warehouses, theaters, public works, hospitals, and comfort
stations. Within these building types, he designed new structures as well as additions,
alterations, and rehabilitation of existing structures.

When studying the stylistic traits of Constantine's buildings it is easy to see the
influences of then current trends in architecture. In the 1940s and 50s, most of his
commercial structures were designed in the Art Deco and Modeme modes with
influences from the International style.

Art Deco architecture is characterized by an emphasis in verticality, which is
often manifested by rows of abstract columns or piers meant to subtly represent a
classical portico." The facades of buildings are often arranged in a series of setbacks.
Strips of windows with decorated spandrels sometimes add to the vertical feeling of the

See ledger in Appendix C for a comprehensive list of Constantine's commissions.
' David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
6.

composition. Straight edge metal sash or casement windows are most commonly used in
an Art Deco facade, but an occasional circular or round-headed window can be found. "^
Decorative motifs often employed on the Art Deco building are spirals, sunflowers, steps,
zigzags, triangles, double triangles, hexagons, fragmented circles, and seashells.
Decorative ornament is generally rendered in low relief with sharp angular contours.'* The
style also experimented with numerous metal alloys combining steel, bronze, nickel,
silver, platinum, lead, and zinc for use in elevator doors, window frames, spandrels,
decorative panels, and sculpture."

In contrast to Art Deco architecture, Modeme, Streamline Modeme, or Art
Modeme buildings emphasize the horizontal through the use of horizontal layering of
bands of windows. The style is also characterized by soft, or rounded comers, flat roofs,
and smooth wall finishes without surface omamentation.*" Aluminum or stainless steel
are often used for door and window trim.^ The ideal Streamline Modeme building was a
horizontal rectangular container, with dramatic rounded comers surmounted by a parapet
or projecting thin roof slabs. The style was meant to project an image of a scientifically
advanced, effortlessly hygienic world. The style also favored mass-produced, easy-to-
install materials.*

John J.-G. Blumenson, Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms. 1600-
1945. 2nd Ed., revised and enlarged (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1981 ): 77.

David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
6.
Mbid.,p.7

John J.-G. Blumenson, Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms. 1600-
1945. 2nd Ed., revised and enlarged (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1981): 79.
' Ibid.

David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
10-11.

Constantine often combined the elements of Modeme architecture and the
International Style in his designs — particularly in educational facilities. Many elements

of the two styles overlap: flat roof
tops, smooth uniformly finished walls,
the complete absence of
ornamentation, and roofs without
eaves terminating flush with the plane
of the wall. Along with these three
modem styles, a few of his
commercial designs were executed
with classical detailing. Constantine's
architectural designs vary greatly, and
their sources of inspiration are
unknown, but presumed to be client
driven. Such vast differences in
design can be seen when comparing
the Chase Furniture Company Store (1946) at 414 King Street, St. Philip Street shops
(1945) located at the comer of Wentworth and St. Philip Streets, Constantine's office
building (1945), at 139 Calhoun Street, and Citizens and Southem National Bank [now
the Small Business Resource Center] (1946), at 284 King Street. Chase Fumiture store
stands today as it was originally designed with only a few interior ceiling light fixtures

John J.-G. Blumenson, Identifiing American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms. 1600-
1945, 2nd Ed., revised and enlarged (New York; W. W. Norton and Company, 1981); 75.

having been replaced after water damage in 1989.'*^ The building is a two-storv' Art Deco
design that continues to house the Chase Furniture Company. The facade is sheathed in
white and gray marble with an aluminum and plate glass storefront. The facade has a
vertical emphasis created with the use of vertical strips of glass blocks, a vertical neon
sign, stylized polychromatic decoration created by the gray marble bands, and a stepped
linear fagade. The two large circular mirrored glass windows flanking the strips of glass
block in the second storv' of the design were delineated as regular plate glass in the
original drawings, but in Constantine's rendering they are shown as mirrored glass." As
with many of his commercial structures, a colorftil terrazzo floor in the vestibule
indicates the name of the business by spelling out C-H-A-S-E in red and white tiles. "

In contrast to the verticality of Chase Furniture Company. St. Philip Street Shops,
which were commissioned by Wentworth Realty Company (owned by Albert Sottile), are
horizontal in nature, tvpical of Modeme buildings. The shops were three, one-story,
discrete buildings unified by one s>'mmetrical facade.'" The original design indicates that
Constantine wanted almost the entire facjade to be constructed of "strucmral glass" in
cream, green, and black horizontal layers. Possibly this strucmral glass was acmally
meant to be Vitrolite or Carrara glass. V'itrolite, or Carrara glass is a thin panel of

Mr. Joseph Chase, current owTier, in an interview with author. 2 10 00.
" South Carolina Historical Societ\'. .Augustus Edison Constantine, Chase Furniture Store, .\rchitectural
Drawings. 1946. .\n original rendering by Constantine can be found in the office of Chase Furniture
Company. 414 King Street. Charleston. South Carolina.
';lbid
'" Working drawings, 1945. On file at the offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects.

colored glass available in black, white, green, blue, red, and other colors, and was a very
popular material used in Modeme buildings. .

The plans of the St. Philip Street Shops show concrete walkways between each
unit that would have been entered through wrought iron gates of Constantine's design,
with cream-colored brick surrounds. Half circular windows on the outer two shops point

-^-T

^-^™.T.,.-.<te5B

1=,': |t^ -'-i -c\ '■- '• ■ \;-^i-" , i .

m:zizJ.

tTS-OMT •LLtVATlOM

Figure 5.2 St. Philip Street Shops Facade, 1945

toward the central building that has two large square plate glass windows flanking the

central entrance.
The roof is flat
with a central
parapet of
structural glass
with a white
cement cap.

Constantine also designed low brick walls on either side of the complex penetrated by a

'■* David Gebhard, The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America (New York: Preservation Press, 1996):
1 1 . The specifications from these plans are missing; so one can only speculate what was meant by cream.

semi-circular wrought iron designs. The design also called for a wrought iron gate with
brick piers between the neighboring building on the south and the brick wall.

At some point, the northern most building was demolished, and modifications
were made to the remaining
fa9ade, which has been stuccoed
over. The brick walls and
wrought iron gates are gone as
well. (The materials employed
in the construction of Modem
style buildings do not age well
unless they are continually
refurbished, which might
explain why the facade has since
been stuccoed.)'"

Constantine moved his
office from 149 Calhoun Street to his newly designed Modeme building at 139 Calhoun
Street in 1946.'^ The building was actually commissioned by his Brother-in-Law, John
P. Botzis, who occupied one of the shops on the ground floor. Constantine occupied a
suite of offices on the second that were specifically designed for his practice. An article
in the [Charleston] News and Courier (1946) touts the suite being the only place in

green, or black structural glass.

'I "'''^-

'^ "Constantine, Architect, Opens Calhoun St. Office," [Charleston] News and Courier (September 3 1 .

1 946). Architects File, Post and Courier Archives.

'^ Measured Drawings, 139 Calhoun Street, 1945. Offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects.

Charleston having been specifically designed as an architect's office.'^ The suite once
included a reception room, Constantine's private office, a consultation library with a
substantial architectural library, and a drafting room large enough to accommodate

twelve draftsmen. Glass blocks were
installed in an interior partition to allow
more natural light through the only
windows in the front of the building.'''
The primary fa9ade is of white
Georgia marble with a horizontal group
of aluminum-framed casement
windows on the second floor, and an
aluminum and plate glass store front on
the ground floor."" Typical of Modeme
architecture, the roof is flat, with a
parapet, and the fa9ade is devoid of
ornamentation. The entrance to a
staircase leading to the second floor is
on the east side of the facade, which is
slightly recessed, with a vertical strip of

Figure 5.5 Citizens and Southern
National Bank

Untitled Article, [Charleston] News and Courier (April 27, 1950). Architects File. Post and Courier
Archives.

"Constantine, Architect, Opens Calhoun St. Office," [Charleston] News and Courier (September 3 1 ,
1946). Architects File, Post and Courier Archives.

Charleston County Library, South Carolina History Room, Buildings file. Untitled Newspaper article,
April 4, 1948.

glass blocks, four blocks wide above it. Despite there being three distinct entrances for
three disparate businesses in this building, the fa9ade has an over all unified appearance.

In 1946 Citizens and Southern National Bank of South Carolina commissioned
Constantine to modify the facade, and complete interior renovations of their existing
building at 284 King Street. The work was completed in 1948. Although the use has
since changed, an article in a 1948 addition of the News and Courier, the local
newspaper, adequately described the building as having a fa(;ade remodeled along
Georgian lines, of "old Charleston brick and limestone" with wrought iron balconies at
the second story windows, and grilles on the first story windows.^' Constantine designed
limestone pediments supported
by scrolls over the second story
windows, and a broken
pediment over the main
entrance, with a pineapple in
the middle — Charleston's
symbol for welcome.'" He also
enlarged and modified the interior by adding mahogany cornices, pilasters, and
wainscoting throughout. Constantine designed a pedimented and shouldered door
surround of mahogany on the interior of the main entrance. He also installed a new vault
in the rear of the building, which is now used as a conference room. Interior and exterior
details of this building contrast greatly with those of other commercial buildings designed

Figure 5.6 C & S Bank, Interior Detail

Charleston County Library, South Carolina History Room, Buildings file. Untitled Newspaper article,
April 4, 1948.

by Constantine. More typical of his commercial buildings are the Chase Furniture
Company Store, or the building designed for Marilyn Shoes at the comer of King and
Liberty Streets: with their stripped down. Art Deco or Modeme fa9ades, and plain,
largely uninterrupted interior spaces.

Aside from designing the St. Philip Street Shops for Wentworth Realty,

Constantine obtained
many commissions from
Albert Sottile. The Sottile
family was involved in
several real estate ventures
in Charleston, but they are
most well known for their
involvement with theater
buildings. Albert Sottile
owned most if not all of
the theaters on the
peninsula, as well as the
surrounding area.
Constantine was

commissioned by the Sottile family to design new theaters throughout the city, as well as
modify existing ones. He designed and modified The Little Gem Theatre, now the
Arcade Theatre and Shops (1947 with modifications m 1949, 1950, and 1957). He

Figure 5.7 American Theatre

South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine, architectural drawings for 284 King

completed interior renovations and additions, and created a new facade for the American
Theatre (1946), as well as interior renovations to the Gloria (1947, 1951, 1952), Majestic
(1947), Garden (1947, 1949) and Riviera (1952) Theatres."'' Constantine was also
commissioned, again by companies owned by Albert Sottile, to design five other new
theatres that were never executed."^

The two theatres in the Old and Historic District that Constantine did the most
work on are the American Theatre and the Arcade Theatre."'^ The American Theatre is
another Art Deco design, although it does not have the same emphasis in verticality that
Chase Furniture store does. The theater has a two-toned, stepped facade that is
interrupted by the horizontal marquee and neon sign. It has a plain facade when
compared to Constantine's other Art Deco buildings. The only ornament are two highly

.J.]T_TLfe G€ill TH< «T R€i

f UO NT CkEvATtOM

Figure 5.8 Arcade Theatre, Rendering, 1947

Street, 1946.

South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine, Individual theatre files, various dates.

Augustus Edison Constantine, Jobs File, 1940-1970, kept in the offices of Constantine and Constantine
Architects. Constantine was commissioned to design one theatre on King Street and one on Race Street in
1 94 1 . He created a design for another theatre on King Street named the Elite Theatre ( 1 946), the Cynthia
Theatre on Society Street (1947), and the Corona Theatre, again on Society Street, in 1954.
" The architectural drawings for this building cannot be located.

abstract fluted pilasters flanking the central recessed portion of the fac^ade, which is
pierced by eight rectangular decorative elements. The American Theatre was renovated
in 1996 after having been closed since 1977."^

The Little Gem Theatre and Shops (later the Arcade Theatre and Shops) located
on Liberty Street were designed in the Modeme mode. This symmetrical, one-story
complex was designed as a theatre with four shops, U-shaped in plan wrapping around a
landscaped courtyard. Constantine created this design to have a horizontal emphasis,

with the fa9ade of

the theatre to be of
structural glass —
presumably Vitrolite
panels." There is a
cast stone frieze on
the exterior wall of
the auditorium,
which projects above

Figure 5.9 The Arcade Theatre and Shops, current
conditions

the roofline of the main entrance and shops, with alternating triglyphs and circles in low
relief, a hallmark of many of Constantine's designs. The storefront windows in all of the
shops were originally designed of large square plate glass panels, surrounded by a row of
glass blocks. ■^^

"'' John P. McDermott, "Movie Dimensions: New Theater to be a Far Cry From Old 3-D," [Charleston]
Post and Courier (February 24, 1996): 6-B.

South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine. Arcade Theatre and Shops, measured
drawings, 1947.
'' Ibid.

When the complex was remodeled and enlarged in 1957, the facades of the shops
were redone in yellow terra cotta brick, and the main entrance to the theatre was changed
to large plate glass windows and doors, and black matte glazed tile. The shape of the
parapet over the theater was changed, and an ornamental wrought iron railing was
added."

As with the other theatres, Constantine designed unique metal railings and
balustrades for the balcony. The balustrade is a repeating circular pattern. He also
designed a wrought iron pergola in the courtyard." In 1957, interior alterations were also
completed to include an ornamental ceiling design in the theater. The over-all shape of
the design is a 20'x 41 ' rectangle outlined in wood molding. Inside the rectangle are two
semicircles tlanking a central square, all made out of neon tubing. The design was filled
in by acoustic celotex tiles and Ya" plywood.

Through lack of appreciation, this complex of buildings has been badly neglected.
At some point in the past the current occupants erected a large plywood screen in the
front courtyard, attached directly to the pergola. The courtyard has also been filled in
with cement. The awnings above the shop doors and windows are in a state of disrepair,
and the doors and windows that front on the side walk as well as in the courtyard reveal
only solid curtains with no interior activity.

There are only two churches on the peninsula that were designed by Constantine:
Ebenezer A. M. E. Church (1945) and Morris Street Baptist Church (1967). Although
they were designed more than twenty years apart, they are very similar stylistically and

^' South Carolina Historical Society, Augustus Edison Constantine. Arcade Theatre and Shops, measured
drawings, 1957.
'« Ibid.

unlike any other churches he designed elsewhere in the Charleston area. Ebenezer
A.M.E. Church is located at 44 Nassau Street. It is a simple, small, unassuming red brick
building. The main entrance lies in a central projecting pavilion reminiscent of a Greek
portico with a pediment, flanking pilasters, and two vertical bands of white stucco
pierced by small octagonal windows. A small tower pushes up out of the gable end
above the pavilion ending in a copper-covered domical roof The combination of the
facade elements and the telescoping effect of the tower all lend to adding verticality to
the building even
though it is
lacking a steeple.

All of
the trim around
doors and
windows, as well
as the trim and
louvres in the
tower are painted
white in stark
contrast with the

red brick. Many of Constantine's designs carry this hallmark characteristic of white
stucco or wooden, vertical and horizontal bands and trim, in contrast with dark red brick:
Marion Square Bandstand and Comfort Station (1944, demolished 3/17/2000), Morris

Street Baptist Church (1967), Van Smith Building Materials Company (1949), St. Luke's
A. M. E. Church Recreation Building ( 1950), and Courtenay School ( 1953).^" Frequently
these designs are highly abstract Classical details, of friezes and pilasters. Other times
they seem to be elements reflective of architectural trends of the time attempting to
mimick the International Style, as in Courtenay School.

Courtenay School (commissioned in 1953, completed in 1955) is one of only two
schools designed by Constantine that were constructed on the peninsula of Charleston.
Aside from the treatment of the facades with bands of white stucco, the designs for
Courtenay School as well as all other public schools are not typical of his work. They are
not representative examples of Constantine's creations, and will not be discussed in great
detail. Constantine had very little involvement in the actual design of public school

Figure 5.12 Courtenay School

buildings. Jimmy Liollio and John Tracy Powers worked on most of the designs, which
typical of the 1950s, were designed with little ornamentation, and were plain.

' See Appendix D for images.

unappealing boxes with windows. In the end, Constantine would add something to the
design around the front entrance to give the plain box some aesthetic appeal. "*■* Courtenay
School and Burke Industrial School (now Burke High School, designed in 1948, with
additions in 1952, 1972, and 1973) were both designed with the assistance of Perkins and
Will, Inc., an architectural firm founded in 1935, which first gained national recognition
for their designs of educational facilities.^"

According to School Planning: The Architectural Record of a Decade, a book that
would have been found in Constantine's office, the primary concerns with school design
during the 1950s seemed to have been cost reduction and how well the building

functioned." School buildings of this time were generally constructed of reinforced
concrete or concrete block, with steel frames to be fireproof and relatively inexpensive.

Demetrios Liollio in interview with author, 1/13/00.
Elliott Constantine in interview with author 3/28/00.
Elliott Constantine, in interview with author 3/28/00.
*■ ibid. This is apparent from all of the case studies in the book.

They also had interior plywood partitions for flexible spaces. New approaches in
education and the use of facilities within each school, demanded changes in the way
schools were planned and constructed. ' Throughout the entirety of the book, there is no
mention of how school buildings looked, only how well they served their purposes, and
how well lit and ventilated the individual buildings were. According to Demetrios
Liollio, another great concern was that the building must be able to handle future
expansion." These trends and thoughts about the design of educational facilities may
explain why so many educational facilities designed in the 1950s are not attractive
structures.

In the 1950s public schools placed an emphasis on implementing programs to
teach vocational skills as opposed to instruction in theoretical subjects to their students:
home making for women and trades such as auto mechanics, tool making, die casting,
and sheet metal work for the men.""* Plan types recommended for these industrial or
vocational schools were single-story buildings that housed all activities under one roof, or
the creation of a campus with several separate buildings like Burke Industrial School. '

Another practice of the 1950s was to encourage community at large to use the
school building(s) for such things as W. P. A. sewing, gymnasium and recreational
classes, women's clubs, church organizations, and parents' meetings. The premise

Kenneth Reid, A. 1. A., School Planning: Architectural Record of a Decade (New York: F. W. Dodge
Corporation. 1950): 54, 61, 70.
'" Ibid., 9.
^' In interview with author, 1/13/00.

Kenneth Reid. A. I. A., School Planning: Architectural Record of a Decade (New York: F. W. Dodge
Corporation, 1950): 5.
"' Ibid., p. 9.

behind this was to have all adult lite center around the school making it community
property, therefore better cared for/"^

All of these changes in how the buildings were viewed and used help explain why
school buildings of this time were designed the way they were. They were to be multi-
functional buildings with flexible spaces, well ventilated and lit, and designed within a
low budget. No concern was given to exterior ornament, or interior decoration beyond
paint colors that reflected light well. The schools that Constantine's firm designed seem
to be what he would have referred to as "match-box architecture" that he disliked so
much. All Constantine seemed able to influence in the designs was to create a unique
entrance to each of the schools.

In general, Constantine's residential architecture is quite a bit different from his

commercial designs. His clients seemed to have preferred more traditional houses in the
Colonial Revival style, especially those who lived on the peninsula and north of
Charleston in Summerville, South Carolina. One such design is a residence

Ibid., p. 24.

commissioned by Edward Kronsberg (1949). The house is located at 97 Hagood Street
and is now the Citadel Alumni House. It is a slightly asymmetrical two-story brick
building with a hip roof with slate tiles. A breezeway connects the house and garage,
which also has a hip roof and small cupola. The breezeway contains Constantine's
signature contemporary wrought iron railing design, with a modified version of the same
being used on the interior.'^'' One other contemporary feature which does not appear on
the original plans, but is found in a rendering from the same year: a vertical band of glass
block, two blocks wide. The glass blocks are located on one side of the door, and break
through the stringcourse on the second story. There is no evidence in the physical
fabric of the house that these glass blocks were ever added.

There are very few elements of exterior ornamentation: only jack arches above the
windows of the first floor, a decorative pattern in brick around the second story windows,
with a string course below. The main entrance boasts a handsome three panel, double
door with the middle panel being circular, and a wrought iron and stucco design above
the door in the shape and pattern of an elliptical fanlight. "

In addition to designing single-family homes, Constantine also designed
apartment buildings. Washington Realty commissioned him as part of the National
Housing Agency's, Home Use Program to convert an old bagging mill on Meeting Street,
between Ann and John Streets, into apartments referred to as Chicco Apartments (now

■" Augustus Edison Constantine, Kronsberg Residence, measured drawings, 1949. South Carolina

Historical Society.

^^ Ibid.

■*■ Ibid. No interior details are available except for floor plans and the staircase.

the Hampton Inn) (1946).'**' The old bagging mill consisted of two masonry buildings
perpendicular to each other, and a single story, six bay building fronting on Meeting
Street. Constantine designed canopies to connect all three structures."*^ The building
facing Meeting Street was three stories, which Constantine converted into five stories.
The building fronting on John Street is now three stories. Eighty-two units were created
total.^'

The buildings are both massive, solid structures with simple low relief
ornamentation carved in the stucco sheathing. The ornamentation is once again abstract
Classical details such as a frieze of alternating triglyphs and circles, and vertical bands of

darker, slightly projecting stucco, alternating with the windows, possibly meant to
represent pilasters or a colonade. The single story structure is gone, but was meant to

Augustus Edison Constantine, Chicco Apartments, measured drawings, 1946. South Carolina Historical
Society.
'' Ibid.

house shops. It had six double, nine over nine sash windows, which Constantine restored
and reused in his design. "* The entrances for all of the buildings were the same: double
wooden doors with a rectangular divided light above, and flanking stucco, fluted
pilasters.

In studying Constantine's designs over all, it seems that while he was enamored
with the Classical tradition, he did have a fairly good understanding of Art Deco and
Modeme architecture in which he produced some fine examples in Charleston. However,
when it came to post-war modem styles, he had difficulty. In the 1950s Constantine did
not create any truly modem buildings on the peninsula, and most of his commissions
were for school buildings. Those commissions that were not from school boards were
executed in Art Deco and Modeme styles, or with Classical motifs: County Hall at 1000
King Street (1953), both designs for McAlister's Mortuary (1953 and 1956), and Blessed
Sacrament Church on U.S. Highway 17 (1950).'"

Constantine proved himself willing to produce post-war modemist designs. In
1953, he created a beach house for the Condon Family on Sullivan's Island, South
Carolina, which was somewhat beholden to the work of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The
design was similar to that of the Famsworth house: a volumetric rectangular box.
However, Constantine's design was of concrete block and glass with an overhanging flat
roof, and never really expresses the same feeling that the Famsworth house does. The

'' Ibid.

■"^ Ibid. The floor plans for each story were the same, with two slightly different apartment types

throughout. All of the apartments were designed with one bedroom, a living room, and a kitchen-dinette

combination. No other interior details are available.

^^ See appendix D for images.

Condon's Beach House has more mass than volume by far. ^' This lack of post-war
modernist designs on the peninsula is most likely due to the conservative nature of
Charlestonians that has been demonstrated repeatedly throughout the history of the city,
rather than unwillingness on the part of Constantine to create them.

Condon's Beach House, measured drawings, 1953. Constantine and Constantine Architects.

Conclusion

Augustus Edison Constantine, while practicing in Charleston, South Carolina, in
the mid-20''^ Century, dared to create some unique designs when compared with those of
his peers. Unfortunately his designs go under-appreciated today, and are one by one
being lost. The decades of the 1940s and 50s are important in the history of this country
and deserve to be reflected in the streetscape in Charleston The fact that Art Deco and
Moderne designs, or any building constructed prior to 1925, are not considered historic in
Charleston is preposterous. Where does one draw the line at what is deemed historic'^
Events that occurred 100 years ago are no more or less a part of history than events that
occurred 50 or even 5 years ago. It would be a shame if 100 years from now, historians
were to remark that Charlestonians of the 2r* Century were short sighted in their
preservation efforts—in the same way historians today shake their heads at the losses of
great monuments that were not appreciated in the late 19 ' and early 20" Centuries.

Constantine' s designs were not widely accepted in conservative Charleston. The
evidence for this appeared in the newspaper articles of the day denouncing modern
architecture and promoting the traditional styles. Had Constantine remained in Atlanta, a
larger, less conservative city, he might have been able to explore more contemporary
designs. The fact that Art Deco and Moderne buildings were executed and survive in
Charleston, makes them all the more precious to this city With Charleston's current
preservation practices, which basically deem any building less than 75 years old to be of
little value, it will not be long before they are all lost. A homogeneous 19 '-century

streetscape is a preservation mistake tliat Cliarleston is coming close to realizing. It
seems that the best way to avoid creating a theme park atmosphere in Charleston, is to
recognize the value of good buildings created.

Bibliography
Primary Sources

Alston, John A. "Do You Know Your Charleston? Bandstand May Regain Prominence,
[Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier, August 27, 1973: B-1.

"American, The, New Theater on King Street Opening." Charleston

Evening Post. July 19. 1942. Theaters File. The South Carolina History Room.
Charleston County Library.

"Architectural Styles Preserved," Charleston Evening Post . February

22,1957. Architecture File The South Carolina History Room Charleston
County Library.

"Augustus E. Constantine, Noted Architect, Dies." [Charleston, South
CaxoXxm] News and Courier, November 14, 1976: 15-A.

Baldwin Directory Company, Inc., et. AI. Baldwin and Southern 's Charleston South
Carolina City Directory. Charleston, South Carolina: Baldwin Directory
Company, Inc., and Southern Printing and Publishing Company, 1940, 1942,
1944, and 1948.

"Bandstand to Be Erected Soon in Marion Square." [Charleston,

South Carolina] News and Courier, March 26, 1944. Parks File. The South
Carolina History Room. Charleston County Library.

Behre, Robert. "City Asked Not to Pick, Choose Worthy History." [Charleston, South
Carolina] Post and Courier, September 20, 1998: B-1

. "City Asked Not to Pick," [Charleston, South Carolina] Post and Courier,

September 1, 1998: B-1.

Behre, Robert "Design Philosophies at Odds Over Library," [Charleston, South Carolina]
Post and Courier, April 3, 2000: C-1.

"C. T. Cummings Dies Unexpectedly," [Charleston] NeM's and Courier, May 12, 1967.
Biography File, The South Carolina History Room, Charleston County Library.

"A City that Lives as a Monument," New York Times Magazine.

November 1, 1931, n. p. Architecture File. The South Carolina History Room.
Charleston County Library.

"Charleston Architect, Albert Simons Dies," The State, May 25, 1980: 4-H

City of Charleston Zoning Ordinance, Article 2: Part 6. City of Charleston Department
of Planning and Urban Development Charleston, South Carolina

"Constantine, Architect, Opens Calhoun St. Office," [Charleston, South Carolina] News
and Courier, September 31, 1946. Architects File, Post and Conner Archives.

Constantine and Constantine Architects. Augustus Edison Constantine, Jobs File, 1940-
1970.

. Condon's Beach House, measured drawings, 1953. Constantine and Constantine

Architects.

Greene, Harlan. "Recent Manuscript Accessions," South Carohna Historical Magazine.
Vol. 85 (Jan 1984): 81.

Harrill, Ed. "Bandstand May Be Razed: Marion Square's History Varied." Charleston
Evening Post, August 21, 1961. Parks File. The South Carolina History Room.
Charleston County Library.

International Library of Technology. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in

Engineering Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Who
Desire Information Concerning Them: Arithmetic, Irigonometry, and Graphs
Logarithms. Scranton: International Textbook Company, 1922.

. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering

Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Wlio Desire
Information Concerning Them: Building Superintendence, Specifications,
Estimating, Contracts, Permits. Scranton: International Textbook Company,
1922.

. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering Professions, Trades,

and Vocational Occupations or for Those Wlio Desire Information Concerning
Them: Common Brickwork: Face and Ornamental Brickwork: Architectural
Terra Cotta: Hollow Tile; Building Stone: Lathing, Plastering, and Tiling;
Lighting Fixtures; Architectural Design. Scranton: International Textbook
Company, 1922.

. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering

Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those Wlio Desire
Information Concerning Them: Fireproofing of Buildings: Stair Building;
Ornamental Metal Work; Builders' Hardware; Roofing; Sheet-Metal Work; Mill
Design. Scranton: International Textbook Company, 1922.

. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineering

Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those WJio Desire
Information Concerning Them: Geometrical, Ornamental, Architectural,
Freehand, and Perspective Drawing. Scranton; International Textbook Company,
1922.

. A Series of Textbooks for Persons Engaged in Engineenng

Professions, Trades, and Vocational Occupations or for Those [Vlio Desire
Information Concerning Them: Masonry; Carpentry; Joinejy; Steel Square.
Scranton: International Textbook Company, 1922.

Koon, Warren. "Drawing Board Philosopher." [Charleston, South Carolina] Post and
Courier, August 19, 1966. Biographies- Constantine File. The South Carolina
History Room. Charleston County Library.

"Letter to the Editor," [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier.

December 12, 1933. The Po5/ a/ /^ Cow/e/- Archives. Charleston, South
Carolina.

Lofton, Sally. "Bandstand's Fate: Trumpet of Doom Might Be Muted." Charleston
Evening Post, July 19, 1973, p. IB.

"McAlister's Inc. In its 75^'' Year" [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier,
October 22, 1961. 150 Wentworth Street File The South Carolina History
Room. Charleston County Library.

"McAlister's Moves to New Funeral Home on Wentworth Street." [Charleston, South

CaroWrn.] News and Courier, February n, 1960. 150 Wentworth Street File. The
South Carolina History Room. Charleston County Library.

McDermott, John P. "Movie Dimensions: New Theater to be a Far Cry From Old 3-D."
[Charleston, South Carolina] Post and Courier, February 24, 1996, p. B6.

Nelsons' Baldwin's Directory Company, Inc. Nelsons ' Baldwin 's Charleston South
Carolina City Directory. Charleston, South Carolina: Nelsons' Baldwin's
Directory Company, Inc, 1950-51, 1955.

Nelsons' Directory Company, Inc. Nelsons ' Charleston South Carolina City Directory.
Charleston, South Carolina: Nelsons' Directory Company, Inc., 1958.

"New Mortuary Cost to Top $150,000." [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier,
September 12, 1958. 150 Wentworth Street File. The South Carolina History
Room. Charleston County Library

"New Theater is Operating." Charleston Evening Post, September 20, 1944 Theaters
File. The South Carolina History Room. Charleston County Library

Sanchez, Jonathan. "American Theater to Revive Past " [Charleston, South Carolina]

Post and Courier, November 14, 1996. Theaters File. The South Carolina History
Room. Charleston County Library.

"Set for Dedication: Hellenic Center's Formal Opening Ceremony." Newspaper
clipping c. 1941. 30 Race Street File. The South Carolina History Room.
Charleston County Library.

"Simons and Lapham Return from War Duty to Architecture," [Charleston, South

Carolina] News and Courier (January 20, 1946) Architects Biography File South
Carolina History Room, Charleston County Library

South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Edison Constantine.

Additions to Arcade Theatre and Surrounding Shops, July 1957.

. Augustus Edison Constantine Arcade Theatre and Shops for

Pasttime Amusement, Nos. 1 & 3 Liberty Street, 1950

. Augustus Edison Constantine. Blueprints; Seigling

Music House Alteration, 1946-7; 1973.

. Augustus Edison Constantine, Chicco Apartments, measured drawings, 1946

. Augustus Edison Constantine. Constantine and Constantine Projects,

1934-1979.

. Augustus Edison Constantine, Constantine residence at 5"' and Margaret Street,

unexecuted.

. Augustus Edison Constantine, Kronsberg Residence, measured drawings, 1949

. Augustus Edison Constantine. Liberty Street Shop, rear of 297

King Street, 1945.

. Augustus Edison Constantine. Measured Drawings of Alterations to

Water Works, 14 George Street, n.d.

. Augustus Edison Constantine. Morris Street Baptist Church, n d

. Augustus Edison Constantine, Student drawings, 1920-21.

Augustus Edison Constantine. Theatre for Pasttime Amusement
Company, 1 Liberty Street, 1946.

Augustus Edison Constantine Verenes Estate, Aiken, SC, 1935.

Genealogy File. "Charleston Architect, Samuel Lapham, Dies," [Charleston,
South Carolina] Post and Courier, October 2, 1972

McDonald Papers. Letter to Joseph Needle, City Engineer, February 8, 1955.

Stambaugh, Barbara J. "Do You Know Your Charleston? Fate of Bandstand is Still

Uncertain," [Charleston, South Carolina] News and Courier. November 6, 196L
On file in the South Carolina History Room at the Charleston County Library,
Parks File.

Stockton, Robert. "Local Architect Honored for Many Contributions." [Charleston, South
Carolina] News atid Courier, November 1 1, 1973 The South Carolina History
Room. Charleston County Library Biographies- Constantine File

Secondary Sources

Bland, Sydney. Prese}'\'iug Charleston's Past, Shaping its Future. Columbia: University
of South Carolina Press, 1999

Blumenson, John J.-G. Identijying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles

and Terms, 1600-1945. 2"^ Ed., Revised and Enlarged New York W W Norton
& Company, 1981.

"Charleston Earthquake, 1886," The Cohimbia Record Magazine, August 21, 1961.

Earthquake File, The South Carolina History Room. Charleston County Library.

Chase, Charles Edwin. "Charleston: Guarding Her Customs, Buildings, and Laws,"
Historic Preservation Forum Magazine. Fall 1998

Dowling, Elizabeth Meredith. American Classicist: The Architecture of Phihp Trammel/
Shiitze. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.

Gebhard, David. The National Trust Guide to Art Deco in America. New York:
Preservation Press, 1996.

Hosmer, Charles B. Jr. Preservation Comes of Age: From Wi/hcmisburg to the National
Trust, 1926-1949. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1981.

Leland, Jack. "The Holy City Has Burned, Burned, Burned." [Charleston] Evening Post.
Februap/4, 1979: 6-C.

Melendez, F. "Architects in Profile: Albert Simons, F.A.I A.," Preservation Progress,
Vol. 8, No. 2, March 1963: 4

Miller, Gardner B. "Simons leaves BAR 'Action' After 43 Years," [Charleston, South
Carolina] News and Courier. June 16, 1975, p. 1-B.

Poston, Jonathan H. 77?^ Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City 's Architecture.
Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997.

Radford, John P. "Social Structure and Urban Form: Charleston, 1860-1880, in Walter J
Fraser and Winifred B. Moore, Eds., From the Old South to the New: Essays on
the Transitional South. Westport, Connecticut, 1981

Reid, Kenneth, School Planning: Architectural Record of a Decade. New York: F. W.
Dodge Corporation, 1950.

Rlioad, Debbi. "The Board of Architectural Review in Charleston, 193 1-1993,"
Preserx'ation Progess. Spring 1993.

Shull, Carol D. and Beth L. Savage, "Trends in Recognizing Places for Significance in
the Recent Past," Historic Preservation Forum Magazine, Fall 1 995.

Valentine, Lucia and Alan Valentine, The American Academy m Rome. Charlottesville,
University of Virginia Press, 1973

Verner, Elizabeth O'Neill. Prints and Impressions of Charleston. Columbia, South
Carolina, 1939.

Whitelaw, Robert N.S. and Alice F. Levkoff, A Histoty in Photographs: Charleston
Come Hell or High Water. Charleston: Alice F. Levkoff and Patti F Whitelaw
1974.

APPENDIX A: MAPS

H^^K-

f^;i|:,i;i^^^^^^^

7- ,Mrii*co*ST*t

\ C /^ /) /7 i_ jr

Figure A.l Old and Historic District Boundaries, 1931

life

Ite^---

xsfey

/ '•^fo?i%^f^^$!^^

;n^"vr-'^-^--;.'''^''

:'::^ •» -'■;.

,. ,. •••" •; ■-. 'v;^ ,/, A<^'

'S>

^;i.-t

-""T

Figure A. 2 Old and Historic District Boundaries, 1966

Figure A. 4 Old and Historic District Boundaries, 1997

APPENDIX B: COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF COURSE

WORK

Comprehensive List of Course Work

International Correspondence Schoof

Geometrical Drawing
Projection Drawing
Freehand and Ornamental Drawing
Wash Work and Brush Drawing
Elementary Perspective Drawing
Architectural Drawing

Fireproofing of Buildings
Stair Building
Ornamental Metal Work
Builders' Hardware
Roofing

Sheet-Metal Work
Mill Design

Geometry Mensuration
Electric Wiring and Bellwork
Design of Roof Beams
Design of Columns
Design of Roof Trusses
Design of Plate Girders

Common Brickwork

Face and Ornamental Brickwork

Architectural Terra Cotta

Hollow Tile

Building Stone

Lathing, Plastering, and Tiling

Lighting Fixtures

Architectural Design

Building Superintendence
Specification Writing
Specification- Writing Memoranda
Estimating and Calculating Quantities
Contracts
Permits

This list does not reflect the order in which Constantine may have taken tlie courses The groups reflect
how the courses are bound in textbooks. See bibhography for titles w ritten b> the International Libran, of
Tecluiology.

International Correspondence School (Continued)

Operations Preliminary to Building

Limes, Cements, and Mortars

Excavating, Shoring, and Piling

Stone Masonry

Concrete Construction

Areas, Vaults, and Retaining Walls

Carpentry

Mechanics of Carpentry

Joinery

The Steel Square

Elements of Arithmetic

Fractions

Decimals

Weights and Measures

Ratio and Proportion

Powers and Roots

Mensuration

Formulas

Cube Root

Trigonometry and Graphs

Use of Trigonometric Table

Commercial Calculations

Logarithms

Georgia School of Technology"

First Term:

Shades and Shadows

Elements of Architecture

Architectural Design

History of Architecture, Ancient

Charcoal Drawing

Building Construction, Masonry

Sanitation of Buildings

Pen and Ink Drawing

Military Instruction

Georgia School of Technology, Blue Fnnts. 1920-1921. p 40-42.

Georgia School of Technology (Continued)

Second Term:

Perspective

Architectural Design

History of Architecture, Mediaeval

Charcoal Drawing

Building Construction, Masonry

Cast Drawing

Pen and Ink Drawing

Water Color Drawing

Military Instruction

Third Term:

Architectural Design

History of Architecture, Modern

Cast Drawing

Archaeology

Building Construction, Carpentry

Professional Practice

History of Art

Pen and Pencil Rendering

Water Color Drawing

Graphic Statistics

Military Instruction

Fourth Term:

Architectural Design

Historic Ornament

Building Construction, Carpentry

Professional Practice

History of Art

Antique Drawing I

Antique Drawing II

Pen and Pencil Rendering

Military Instruction

APPENDIX C: THE LEDGER

Sources:

Constantine, Augustus Edison. "Job File [1940-1970]," kept in the

offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects, Charleston, South
Carolina.

Constantine and Constantine Architects "Job Record [1952-

present]," kept in the offices of Constantine and Constantine Architects,
Charleston, South Carolina

Constantine and Constantine Architects. Building plans on file,
various jobs, various dates.

South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Edison Constantine,

Papers, 1913-1975. Partial Ledger, Author Unknown, either Augustus
Constantine or Elliott Constantine.

South Carolina Historical Society. Augustus Edison Constantine.
Building plans on file, various jobs, various dates.

An asterisk [*] denotes that the plans are on file at the South Carolina Historical
Society.

JOB#

CLIENT

PROJECT

ADDRESS

COST

1926 1

Atlanta Athletic
Club

Entrance, doorway

Atlanta, GA

1927 1

George Moore

Residence

Atlanta, GA

1934 1

U.S.
Government

Chapel and
Administration Building

Fort Benning, GA

$500,000

1935 1

Verenes Estate

House

Aiken, SC

1936 1

R. J. Reynolds

Rehabilitation and New
Construction

Sapelo Island,
GA

$600,000

Above project inc
construction of a
garage, a lighting

ludes, rehab of a 35 room main house. New
power plant, barn, machine shops, a
and power system

3616

University of
Georgia

Marine Biology
Laboratory additions

Georgia

Various clients
(see next entry)

Apartments and
residences

Georgia

$1,150,000

3622

Mr. And Mrs. J.
H. Therrill

New House

Charleston

3627

R. J. Reynolds

Alterations and Additions
to Long Creek Lodge

Devotion, NC

1937

Various clients

Apartments, schools,
residences, fire stations,
etc.

Georgia

$1,000,000

3711

Al Remler

Nightclub

Savannah, GA

3716

Reinhart College

Girls' Dormitory Building

Waleska, GA

1938

381

Mr. And Mrs. C.
Evans Joseph

New House

Atlanta, GA

Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine

residence

Atlanta, GA

1939

3904

FHA Housing
Project

Apartment Building

Alberta Street,
Charleston, SC

State of Georgia

Office Building

Atlanta, GA

$1,000,000

1940 1

240

George
Misoyanis

Additions and Alterations

Corner of Spring
and President
Streets

4025

Mr. And Mrs.
Demos Pappas

Residence

Grove Street

4025

Grecian Society

School Building and
auditorium

30 Race Street

$30,000

4027

Mr. And Mrs.

Frank

Lawandales

Residence

Grove Street

4028

Mr. And Mrs.
Demos Pappas

Residence

Grove Street

4029

Ashley Ice-
cream Company

New Factory Building

Meeting Street

4034

Mr. And Mrs. A.
E. Constantine

New House Wagner
Heights, and Additions to
Grove Street House

Wagner Terrace
and Grove Street

4037

1. H. Hyman

Residence and
Apartment Building

Corner of Broad
Street and
Ashley Avenue

unexecuted

1941 1

4100

Mr. L M.
Copleston

Residence

Murray Blvd.

4102

Miss Artimisha
Cobia and Mr.
C. Costopulous

Residence

Mt. Pleasant and
Hester Street

4103

Mr. C. 0.
Thompson

Residence

Vanderhorst
Street

4105

Adolph and Fred
Gamelin

Alterations

236 King Street

4106

Edwards Inc.

Edward's 5, 10 and $1.00
store

Naval Base, SC

$70,000

4109

Wentworth
Realty

Warehouse

4111

Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine

residence

St. Margaret and
5th Street

unexecuted

4112

Mr. Albert Orth

Addition to Building

125 Meeting
Street

4114

Major J. D. E.
Meyer

New Office Building

65-69 Broad
Street

Pastime
Amusement

Proposed Theatre

Race Street

unexecuted

Pastime
Amusement

"King Street Theatre"

King Street

unexecuted

U.S.

Government

Administration Building

Navy Yard, SC

$50,000

U.S.
Government

Fire Station, Police
Station and Gaurd House

Navy Yard, SC

$50,000

U.S.
Government

Fire Station (Marine
Barracks)

Parns Island, SC

$60,000

U.S.
Government

Branch Fire Station

Navy Yard, SC

$30,000

U.S.
Government

Office Building for Labor
Board and P.O.

Navy Yard, SC

$200,000

Peter Botzis

Store and Apartment

Corner of
Cleveland and
Rutledge Avenue

1942 1

Albert Sottile

two theatres

$150,000

4204

Theatres Realty
Company

New Building

4265

Haverty's
Furniture

New Store Building

Corner of King
and Wentworth
Streets

U.S.
Government

Post Exchange Service
Barracks (Marine
Barracks)

Parris island, SC

$40,000

Albert Sottile

St. Charles Apartments

upper King
Street

$70,000

Albert Sottile

Apartment Building

U.S.
Government

Nurses' Quarters

Navy Yard, SC

$80,000

U.S.
Government

U.S. Engineering Dept.

Florence, SC

$4,000,000

1943 1

4345

United Service
Organizations,
Inc.

Alterations

Walterboro, SC

Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine

Residence

201 Grove Street

no#

U.S.
Government

Proposed US Post Office
Building

Corner of
Meeting and
Hutson Streets

unbuilt

U.S.
Government

War Trailer Project

Moncks Corner,
SC

$35,000

U.S.
Government

War Housing Project

Beaufort, SC

$135,000

U.S.
Government

War Housing Project

Moncks Corner,
SC

$85,000

U.S.
Government

War Housing Project

Charleston

$18,000

Kerrison's

Department

Store

Alterations

260 King Street

$20,000

Albert Sottile

Repairs to various
theaters

$25,000

1944 1

4401

Chas. Ship
Building and Dry
Dock Company

Cafeteria

Charleston

$16,000

4402

United Service
Organizations,
Inc.

Travelers Aid-Troops in
Transit Lounge

North Charleston

$20,000

4403

United Service
Organizations,
Inc.

Conversion to Dormitory

George Street

4404

Meyer's Dress
Shop

Alterations

315 King Street

4405

Zion

Presbyterian

Church

Comfort Station

123-125 Calhoun
Street

4405

City of
Charleston

Marion Square Band
Stand & Comfort Station

Marion Square

$15,000

4406

City of
Charleston

New Canteen and
Information Center

Marion Square

unexecuted
?

4407

Mr. And Mrs.

William

Lempesis

Repairs to Basement

849 Rutledge
Avenue

4408

Mr. Speros
Stella

Alterations

137 Calhoun
Street

4410

Lutheran
Service Center

New Service Center

Vanderhorst
Street

4411

Gas Engine &

Electric

Company

Alterations

280 Meeting
Street

4412

Frank Taylor

Alterations

King Street

4413

Port City Bank

Additions

unexecuted

4415

Mr. W, P.
Poulnot

Alterations, to Residence

108 Tradd Street

4416

Washington
Realty

Chicco Apartments

37 John Street

$250,000

4417

St. Andrews
Parish

Fire Station

St. Andrews

4418

Kerrison's

Department

Store

Photo Studio, 3rd Floor

260 King Street

4419

Legerton & Co.

Alterations

263 King Street

4420

My Shop of
N. Y.

Department Store

248 King Street

$45,000

4421

General Marine
Supply Co.
Building

Alterations

198 East Bay
Street

4422

F. J. Martschink
Company

Additions

14 Cumberland
Street

4423

Mary Hawkins

Alterations

65-C Hasell
Street

4425

Southern
Jewelers
Company

New Building

346 King Street

1945 1

4501

Conklin's Style
Shop

Remodeling of Store

unknown

4502

Eastern Airlines

Ticket Office Addition to
the Francis Marion Hotel

King Street

4504

Ebenezer A. M.
E. Church

New Church Building

44 Nassau Street

4505

Mrs. Eva
Cygielman

Conversion of
Apartments

Ashley Avenue
and Bull Street

4508

Charleston
County

New Health Center

Courtenay Street

4509

Mr. Mitchell
Robinson

Conversion to
Apartments

53 S. Battery
Avenue

4512

Greer Drug
Company

Alterations and Additions

4513

Mr. And Mrs.
Max Krawcheck

Additions to Residence

164SanSouci
Street

4514

Little Town

Remodeling of Building

228 King Street

4515

Mr. St. Clair
Orvin

New Shop Building

Moncks Corner,
SC

4516

Grey Line Tours,
Inc.

New Office and Garage
Building

99 St. Philip
Street

4517

James Island
School District

Riverland Terrace School
Additions

James Island

unexecuted

4518

Schwerin
Brothers

New Building

North Charleston

4519

Southern

Wholesale

Company

Warehouse

213 Meeting
Street

unexecuted

4520

United Service
Organizations,
Inc.

Negro U. S. 0. Building

President Street

4521

Sam's
Haberdashery

Store Front

347 King Street

unexecuted

4522

S & J Simowitz

Marilyn's Shoe Store

299 King Street

$35,000

4523

Dr. E. G. Gainey

3rd Floor Conversion to
Apartments

149 Calhoun
Street

4524

Gulf Fruit
Company

New Warehouse

Whitevilie, NC

4525

Wentworth
Realty Co.

Shop Buildings

1 & 3 Liberty
Street

4527

Mr. And Mrs. P.
A. Yatrelis

Residence

Summerville, SC

4528

Harry Miller
Fashions

Alterations

86-C Wentworth
Street

4529

Mangel's

Department Store

289 King Street

$75,000

4530

Wentworth
Realty Co.

St. Philip Street Shops

Corner of
Wentworth and
St. Philip Streets

4531

Mr. J. L.
Peeckson

Residence

Hester and
Pendleton Street

4533

Mr. And Mrs. G.
S. Carter

Residence

unexecuted

4534

C. B. Prentiss
and Company

Proposed New Building

250 King Street

4535

Theatres Realty

Store Building

Market Street

4536

Mr. And Mrs. C.
E. Gibson

Additions to Residence

Meggetts, SC

4538

Estate of Gussie
Livingstain

New Shop Building

4539

A. G. Rhodes

Furniture

Company

Alterations

359 King Street

unexecuted

4541

Mr. J. G. Sherrer

Shop Building

573 Meeting
Street

unexecuted

4542

Mr. L. M.
Copleston

Doctor's Office Building

4544

Mr. And Mrs.
Mike Xidas

Alterations to Residence

809 Rutledge
Avenue

unexecuted

4543

Mr. Tom
Schiadaressi

Alterations

90 Society Street

4545

Daughters of
Israel Hall

Alterations

54 St. Philip
Street

4547

Moskos Brothers

New Building

Columbus Street

4548

Quattlebaum

Electric

Company

Alterations

302 King Street

unexecuted

John P. Botzis

Building

139 Calhoun
Street

Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine

Alterations to Residence

201 Grove Street

Wentworth
Realty Co.

Alterations to building

Rear of 297 King
Street

A.M.E. Church

Additions

Charleston

$40,000

Albert Sottile

Various types of buildings

This may include
buildings from
above

$50,000

Various Clients

Various types of buildings

This may include
buildings from
above

$50,000

1946 1

4601

Mr. J. Russel
Williams

Multiple Houses

Moncks Corner,
SC & Pinopolis,
SC

unexecuted

4602

Mrs. Shirley
Prodosky

Alterations to Building

4604

Mr. Emmett
Johnson

Conversion to
Apartments

Queen Street

4606

Mr. Louis
Tanenbaum

New Residence

4610

Mr. W. P.
Poulnot

Kerrison's, Repairs and
Additions

260 King Street

$25,000

4612

Mr. Kronsberg

Edward's Store Building

Navy Yard, SC

4613

Elite Theatre

New Theatre Building

635-637 King
Street

unexecuted

4614

Chase Furniture
Company

Store building

414 King Street

$50,000

4615

Bullwinkei's
Bakery

Repairs and Additions

4616

Mr. And Mrs. J.
J. Fabian

Additions to Residence

69 Sans Souci
Street

4617

Mr.. And Mrs. J.
J. Fabian

New Beach House

4621

Mr. E. A. Morris

M & M Bowling Alley,
Existing Building

4622

Goulston
Corporation

Alterations to Building

King and George
Streets

unexecuted

4624

Mrs. G. M.
Forbes

Layout of Office

4625

Haverty
Furniture

Store building, repairs
and remodeling

294 King Street

$45,000

4626

Dr. Stanley
Karesh

Layout of Dental Suite

139 Calhoun
Street

4627

National Cash

Company

Existing Building

152 King Street

4628

St. John's
Lutheran Church

New Parish House

Charleston,
possibly
Archdale Street

4629

Mr. Frank
Lawandale

Remodeling and
Additions

456 Meeting
Street

4630

Walter's
Haberdashery

Remodeling

King Street

unexecuted

4631

Mr. Frank Taylor

Remodeling

301 King Street

$10,000

4631

Mr. Frank Taylor

Parking Lot

George Street

4633

Cowperthwaite,

Inc.

furniture store

209-213 King
Street

$60,000

4634

Mr. & Mrs. T. E.
Rabon

New Beauty Salon, 3rd
Floor

260 King Street

4635

Max's Men's
Store

Alterations

321 King Street

4636

Dr. and Mrs. L.
E. Jenkins

Residence

111 1/2

Wentworth

Street

4637

St. Paul's
Lutheran Church

Additions

Mt. Pleasant, SC

4638

Mr. E. H.
Poulnot, Jr.

Additions to Residence

71 Linwood
Street

unexecuted

4639

Mrs. Mary
Pierson

New Residence

Beaufort, SC

4640

Charleston

Mattress

Company

New Warehouse

Spring Street
Ext.

4641

Albert Sottile

Proposed Home

Mt. Pleasant, SC

4642

Mr. and Mrs.
Daniel L.
Roberts

Residence

Avondale
Subdivision

4643

Dr. W. C.
McDoneld & Mr.
E. V. Presson

New Hotel

Isle of Palms, SC

4644

Mr. Paul Gowder

New Service Station

North Charleston

unexecuted

4646

Mr. and Mrs.

John

Tecklenberq

Alterations to Residence

Windemere
Subdivision

4647

Mr. and Mrs. J.
S. Cox

Residence

St. George, SC

4648

Albert Sottile

St. Charles Apartments,
Alterations

upper King
Street

unexecuted

4649

Citizens and
Southern
National Bank

Bank building,
remodeling

284 King Street

4650

Music Hall

New Music Hall

unexecuted

4651

Mr. James
Pappas

Restaurant-Bus Station

Yemassee, SC

unexecuted

4652

Mr. and Mrs. J.
S. Cox

Residence

St. George, SC

4653

James F.
Condon & Sons

Condon's Department
Store, Alterations and
Remodeling

431 King Street

$450,000

4654

Pastime
Amusement

American Theatre,
Alterations

446 King Street

4656

W. K. Britzis

Tourist Camp

Mt. Pleasant, SC

4657

J. C. Long

Apartment Building

King and Warren
Streets

4658

Mr. Salvadore
Sottile

Residence

Mt. Pleasant, SC

4659

J. F. C. Realty
Company

Alterations and Repairs

425-429 King
Street

4660

Mr. Hyman
Karesh

Layout of Store Windows

4661

Mr. J. G. Sherrer

Office Layout

573 Meeting
Street

4663

Seigling Music
House

Remodeling

243 King Street

unexecuted

4664

Mrs. C. M.
Jackis

Conversion to Shop

137 Calhoun
Street

4665

Pinckney Carter
Company

Remodeling

26 Broad Street

H. W. Houghton

Houghton's Appliance
Store

$18,000

1947 1

4701

Mr. And Mrs. A.
E. Constantine

Landscaping

201 Grove Street

4702

Condon

Thomas Condon and
Boatmates' Memorial
Building

4703

Tru-Ade Bottling
Company

New Building

Cumberland
Street

4704

Eugene Skinner

Residence

Gordon Street

4705

Pastime
Amusement Co.

Arcade Theatre and
Shops

1 Liberty Street

4706

James F.
Condon & Sons

New Building (Condon's
Department Store)

425-427 King
Street

4707

Charleston

Industrial

Association

Quonset Hut, Industrial
Park

4708

Francis Marion
Hotel

Remodeling of Coffee
Shop Kitchen

King Street

4709

Mr. 1. Hyman

Multiple Buildings Project

Corner of Ashley
Avenue and
Chisolm Streets

unexecuted

4710

Pastime
Amusement

Gloria Theatre, Additions
to boiler room

345 King Street

unexecuted

4711

Pastime
Amusement

New Warehouse

Beaufain Street

4712

Albert Sottile

proposed Skating Rink

unknown
address

not
executed

4712

Pastime
Amusement

Majestic Theatre, interior
alterations

343 King Street

4713

Pastime
Amusement

Garden Theatre, seating
plan

371 King Street

4714

Charleston

Industrial

Association

New Building, Stark
Industrial Park

4715

St. James
Methodist
Church

Alterations

Spring and
Coming Streets

4716

Mr. And Mrs.

William

Anaqnos

Remodeling Home

547 Rutledge
Avenue

4717

Theaters Realty

Warehouse (Gloria
Theatre)

rear of 345 King
Street

$16,000

4718

Theaters Realty

Warehouse (Garden
Theatre)

rear of 367-369
King Street

unexecuted

4719

Miss Maude
Williams

Remodeling of House

Pinopolis, SC

unexecuted

4720

Doughnut Shop

Alterations and Repairs

431 King Street

4721

Dr. Petro Botzis

New Shop Group

Tarpon Springs,
FL

unexecuted

4722

G. W. Kesslers

Alterations

341 King Street

4723

Theatres Realty

Alterations and Additions

1050-1054 King
Street

unexecuted

4724

Mr. D. i. Thomas

New Theatre Building

unexecuted

4725

Dr. and Mrs. W.
H. Boylston

Residence

Edgewater Park?

4726

Pastime
Amusement Co.

New Office for Garden
Theatre

367-369 King
Street

4727

Charleston

Industrial

Association

Manufacturing Plant

Charleston

$100,000

4728

Mr. P. P.
Leventis

Proposed Arcade
Building

Calhoun Street

unexecuted

4729

Charleston
County

Cooper River Memorial
Library

Dual Lane

4730

Ed Fleishman
and Brothers

Remodeling of Shop

Fayetteville, NC

4733

Fort Sumter
Chevrolet Co.
Inc.

New Used Car Lot

620 King Street

4734

Mr. Santo
Conventino

Dry Cleaning Unit

367 King Street

4735

Mr. And Mrs. W.
H. Solomon

Residence

4736

Pastime
Amusement?

Cynthia Theatre

84-84 1/2

Wentworth

Street

unexecuted

4737

Mr. Morris Sokol

Warehouse

91-93 Reid
Street

unexecuted

4738

Mescons

Remodeling

372 King Street

unexecuted

4739

Mr, Andrew
Trapalis

New Building

Corner of Lucas
and Mill Streets

4740

Dr. James E.
Scott Jr.

New Office Building

McClellanville,
SC

4741

The Knights of
Columbus

Repairs to Roof

143 Calhoun
Street

unexecuted

4742

Mr. Morris Sokol

New Store Building

535-537 King
Street

unexecuted

Charleston
County

Health Center

unexecuted

Theaters Realty

5 shops

$66,430

Pastime
Amusement Co.

Extension to American
Theater

446 King Street

$18,182

1948 1

4801

Theatres Realty
Company

Alterations to Liberty
Street Shops

1 Liberty Street

4802

Grecian Society
of Charleston

Church Building

28 Race Street

unexecuted

4803

J. R. Siau

Residence

Georgetown, SC

$30,000

4804

Proposed Apartment
Building

North Corner of
Grove and 9th
Street

4805

Berkley County

Office Building

Berkley County

4806

Mr. Morris Sokol

Housing Project

unexecuted

4807

Pastime
Amusement

Alterations to Arcade
Theatre

1 Liberty Street

4808

McClellanville
Schools

Alterations and Additions

McClellanville,
SC

4809

Board of
Trustees
Charleston

Burke Industrial School

207 President
Street

$246,388

4810

Chamber of
Commerce

(existing conditions)
Addition, alterations

50 Broad Street

?unexecute
d

4811

Mr. And Mrs.
Leon Patat

Residence

Palmetto Road

unexecuted

4812

Globe Shoe
Stores

Alterations

279 King Street

unexecuted

4813

Worthmore Co.
Inc.

Alterations

Corner of King
and George
Streets

4814

J. C. Long

Residence

Mt. Pleasant,
Seaside

$250,000

4815

Mrs. Ira
Prystowski

Residence

Riverland
Terrace

4816

Mr. W. G. Doran

New Garage

187 Grove Street

4817

Copleston's
Klendry

Remodeling Building

573 Meeting
Street

4818

Charleston

Municiple

Waterworks

alterations

14 George Street

4819

Meggett Public
Schools

Meggett White Grammar
School, Additions

Meggett, SC

4820

Dr. J. A. C.
Jackson

New Office Building

86 Morris Street

unexecuted

4822

Miss Bertha
Levy

Shop Building

unexecuted

4823

Martzchink
Realty Company

Proposed Apartment
Building

Simons Street

4824

Fort Sumter
Chevrolet Co.
Inc.

Alterations

182 Meeting
Street

4825

Citizens and
Southern
National Bank

Remodeling

Broad Street

4825

Grecian Society

New Community Center

28 Race Street

4826

Dr. Herman
Needle

Office Building

16 Liberty Street

1949 1

4901

Riviera Theatre

Interior Alterations

King Street

unexecuted

4902

Mr. James F.
Condon

Alterations to Condon's
Dept. Store: Freight
Elevator

431 King Street

$15,000

4903

Mr. And Mrs.
Navarro

New Home

4903

Wentworth
Realty Co.

Alterations

SE Corner of
King and Society
Streets

4904

Wentvi/orth
Realty Co.

Alterations to Office
Building

S.E. Corner of
King and Society
Street

4905

Coney-Davies
Lumber Co.

Alterations

150 East Bay
Street

4906

Sidney Widelitz

Residence

St. George, SC

$35,000

4907

Mr. And Mrs. D.
K. Gionis

Residence

St. Margaret
Street

unexecuted

4908

Pastime
Amusement

New Ashley Theatre
Building

U.S. Hwy 17

$75,000

4909

Coastal Butane
Gas Corporation

Facade for Office
Building

Summerville, SC

4911

Mr. And Mrs.
Jermain H.
Slocum

Alterations and Additions

22 Lambol Street

4912

Mr. And Mrs.
Edward Hill

Alterations to Residence

St George, SC

4913

Madren Paint
Company

New Store Front

4914

George Bazakas

Residence

Summerville, SC

$40,000

4915

Miserendino
Motor Co.

Auto Garage & Display

Charleston

$35,000

4916

Copleston's
Klendry

Additions

537 Meeting
Street

$25,000

4917

Proposed Houses

Tarpon Spnngs,
PL

4918

Mr. & Mrs. W. F.
Condon Sr.

Residence

Gordon Street

4919

North

Charleston

Lands

Additions

North Charleston

4920

Paul Motor
Company

Alterations to Fa?ade

149 Meeting
Street

4921

Pastime
Amusement

Garden Theatre
Additions

371 King Street

$15,000

4922

Citizens and
Southern
National Bank

Parking Lot

544 King Street

$10,000

4924

Mr. And Mrs.
Hugh Lane

Additions to Residence

21 Council Street

4925

William B. Reily
Co., Inc

New Warehouse

4926

Adolph
Rodenburg

Supermarket

Corner of
Rutledge &
Strawberry Lane

$125,000

4927

Citizens and
Southern
National Bank

Existing Conditions?

544 King Street

4928

Van Smith
Building
Materials Co.

alterations

276 East Bay
Street

$15,000

4929

Mr. And Mrs.
Earl Senter

New Motel

U.S. Hwy 17

4930

Mr. William
Pearlman

Duplex Apartments

S. W. Corner of
Grove and 10th
Streets

4931

Dr. Peter Gazes

Office Building

696 Rutledge
Avenue

4932

Adolph
Rodenburg

Supermarket

U.S. Hwy 17

4933

St. James
Methodist
Church

School building &
auditorium

James Island,
SC

$80,000

4934

Jack White

Residence

James Island,
SC

$35,000

4935

Pastime
Amusement

Alterations

93 Society Street

4936

Palace Realty
Company

New Store Building

560 King Street

$30,000

4938

Edward
Kronsberg

Residence, Now the
Citadel Alumni House

91 Hagood
Avenue

$60,000

4939

Economy Oil

Building

5 Exchange
Street

4940

Levy's Drug
Store

Charleston

Wentworth
Realty Co.

alterations

Wentworth and
King

$15,000

Wm. B. Riley
Co.

Coffee Roasting Plant

Charleston

$125,000

Altman Cadillac
Co.

Auto Garage & Display

Charleston

$70,000

1950 1

5001

St. Luke's A. M.
E. Church

Proposed Recreation
Building

St. Philip Street

$60,000

5002

McClellanville

Methodist

Church

Alteration to Sunday
School

McClellanville,
SC

$10,000

5003

Palace Theatre

New Fan House

5003

Matthew
Condon

Entrance Gateway to
Tanglewood Estate

5005

Sacred Heart
Church

Addition to school
building and New
Auditorium

888 King Street

$50,000

5006

Seaboard Gas
Company & The
Charleston Oil
Company

New Building

King Street
Extension

5007

Maxwell
Brothers and
Hall

Alterations

360 King Street

5008

China Hall

Alterations

306 King Street

5009

Thomas W.
Connally

Alterations and Additions
to Home

Atlanta, GA

5011

Rodenburg's
Supermarket

New Parking Lot Layout

Cannon and
President Street

5012

Charleston
Sheet Metal and
Roofing Works

Alterations and Additions

Hayne Street

5013

H. A. Molony

New Home

Peachtree and
Peidmont Streets

$30,000

5014

Carroll Rivers

Stores and Offices

Byrnes Downs
Subdivision

5015

Gus Martschink

Ice Cream Parlor

Rutledge Avenue
and Strawberry

$10,000

5017

John's Island
School District

New "colored" school
building

John's Island, SC

$60,000

5019

Leon's Men's
Wear

Shop Building

495-497 King
Street

5020

Jack Eades

New Home

Savannah Hwy

5021

Purity Ice Cream
Company

New Building

U. S. Hwy 78

5022

George Stout

Alterations to Rear
Dwelling

68-A Ashley
Avenue

5023

La Brasca

Alterations and Additions

975 King Street

5024

Demitrio Vega

Multi-Unit Building

73 Alexander
Street

5025

Pastime
Amusement

Alterations to Arcade
Theatre

1 & 3 Liberty
Street

$10,000

5026

Hardeeville
School District

"Consolidated Colored
School" New Building

Hardeeville, SC

$150,000

5027

Charleston
Home

Conversion to
Community Center

5028

Wentworth
Realty Co.

alterations

rear of 297 King
Street

5029

Sullivan's Island
School District

New Auditorium and
Cafeteria

Sullivan's Island,
SC

$25,000

5030

Charleston
Country Club

Interior Alterations

5031

J. F. C. Realty
Co.

Alterations to Condon's
North

431 King Street

$25,000

5033

William M. Bird
Company

"Acres of Diamonds
Exhibit"

5034

McKethan Olds.
Co.

Auto Garage & Display

652 King Street

$50,000

5035

Mr. Frank
Lawandale

New Building

456 Meeting
Street

5036

Edward's

Additions

Navy Yard, SC

$30,000

5038

Mall Playground
Field House

New Building

5039

Mr. Kronsberg

Alterations to Home

91 Hagood
Street

5040

Blessed

Sacrament

Parish

New Building

U. S. Hwy 17

5041

George C.
Creighton, Jr.

Alterations and Additions

104 Rutledge
Avenue

5042

Emmanuel
A.M.E. Church

Alterations

Calhoun Street

5043

Ravenel School
District

Additions to Graded
School Building

Ravenel, SC

$25,000

5044

Appel Furniture

Additions and Alterations

565 King Street

5045

J. C. Long

New Office Building

A. W. Allison

Residence

$25,000

Dr. Peter Botzis

Drug Store Building

Naval Base, SC

$20,000

1951 1

5101

Pastime
Amusement

Gloria Theatre,
Alterations to George St.
Entrance

371 King Street

5102

Mr. & Mrs. Harry
Levinson

Alterations to Elsa
Shoppe

331 King Street

5103

Conressman
and Mrs. L.
Mendel Rivers

Home

Charleston

$85,000

5104

J.C. Long

Office Building

Savannah, GA

$500,000

5105

S. Welch

New Residence

5106

Mr. Aaron
Solomon

New Residence

Huger and
Parkwood
Streets

5107

McAlister Realty
Co.

Store building

343 King Street

$35,000

5108

Proposed New Medical
Building

5109

St. John's
School District
#9

New "Colored" High
School

John's Island

$200,000

5110

James Island
School District
#3

New Building for the
Society Corner School

James Island,
SC

$180,000

5111

Carabatsos &
Trapelis Building

Alterations

N. E. Corner of
Rutledge Avenue
& Bull Street

5112

Central Drug
Store

Alterations

286 Meeting
Street

5113

Max Krawcheck

Apt & shop building

58 George Street

$30,000

5114

St. Angela
Academy

New School Building

Aiken, SC

$200,000

5115

Dorothy Ayers

shop & apartments

75 Hasell Street

$25,000

5116

Daisy Bogin

Dress Shop

Myrtle Beach

$30,000

5117

Emanuel A. M.
E. Church

Crypt for the Remains of
Rev. L. Ruffin Nichols

Calhoun Street

5118

Rosilind Realty
Company

Shopping Center, New
Ashley Theatre

U. S. Hwy 17

R.L Kerr

shop building

$12,500

1952 1

5201

Palace Realty
Company

New Store Building

561 King Street

5202

Belk-Robinson
Company

New Store Front

232 King Street

$15,000

5203

Kerrison's

alterations

260 King Street

$16,000

5204

Condon's

Alterations-north building

431 King Street

$15,000

5205

The Home
Federal Savings
and Loan

New Fa9ade

39 Broad Street

5206

James Island
School Board

W. Gresham Meggett
School additions

James Island,
SC

$157,999

5207

Albert Sottile

New Building

Society Street

5208

Citizens and
Southern
National Bank

Rehabilitation of Building

10 Elliott Street

5209

Albert Sottile

Remodeling

208 King Street

5210

Wentworth
Realty Co.

New Shop Building

84-84 1/2

Wentworth

Street

5211

Bishop J.J.
Russell

New School Building and
Convent, Blessed
Sacrament Parish

$175,000

5212

St. John's
School District
#9

Additions, Haut Gap
School

John's Island

5213

Mr. Ketas

Remodeling Store Front,
King's Restaurant

337 King Street

5214

Bluffton School
District #2

Gymnasium

Bluffton, SC

5215

Orphan's

Vocational

School

Workshop

5216

James Island
School District
#3

Proposed New "White"
High School Building

James Island,
SC

5217

Mr. And Mrs.
Edward P.
Huguenin, Jr.

New Home

Ridgeland, SC

100

5218

Condon's

alterations

431 King Street

$50,000

5219

New Store Building

Corner of King
and Fulton
Streets

5220

Charleston,
School Board

Burke Industrial School
additions

207 President
Street

5221

Masonic Temple

Danzler Lodge 318

5222

St. John's
School District
#9

New School Building,
Rockville Elementary

John's Island

5223

Dr. Petro Botzis

New Home

Crescent
Subdivision

5224

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Central Graded School,
new building

Edisto Island, SC

5225

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Rantowles Graded
School

Rantowles, SC

5226

Barshay's

Department

Store

Alterations and Additions

Summerville, SC

5227

Hardeeville
School District

Additions, "Consolidated
Colored School"

Hardeeville, SC

5228

Pendleton
Realty Co.

U.S. Post Office

North
Charleston, SC

$45,000

5229

Condon's

alterations

431 King Street

$50,000

5230

Belk-Robinson
Company

Details of Parkway
Entrance

Market Street

5231

Edward's Realty
Company

New Front

Naval Base, SC

5232

Hospital and Training
School for Nurses

Cannon Street

101

5233

John McAlister,
Inc.

Funeral Director

169 Meeting
Street

5234

Bishop J.J.
Russell

School Plant and Church
Building

Mt. Pleasant, SC

S95,000

St. Paul's
School District

School building

Edisto Island, SC

$150,000

Garden Theatre

ironwork

371-373 King
Street

Gloria Theatre

ironwork

329 King Street

Plantation
Restaurant

ironwork

10 Liberty Street

Riviera Theatre

ironwork

225-227 King
Street

Junior League
Speech School

school

? No address on
plans

$20,000

Charleston
School Board

school building

This could be
#5206 or #52 16

$511,000

1953

5301

Courtenay
School

New School Building

Corner of
Meeting Mary
Streets

5302

U.S.
Government?

School and Convent

Naval Base, SC

5303

Blessed

Sacrament

School

Alterations and Additions

U. S. Hwy 17

5303

Boy Scouts

Health Building for Boy
Scout Camp

Charleston
County

5304

Mr. H. L
Saltonstall

Conversion to
Apartments

4 Courthouse
Square

5304

Calhoun Super
Service Station

Building

SW Corner of
Meeting and
Calhoun Streets

102

5305

Mr. And Mrs. W,
R. Condon, Jr.

New Beach House

Sullivan's Island,
SC

5306

Mr. And Mrs.
Klugh Purdy

Alterations to Garage

Ridgeland, SC

5306

James F.
Condon and
Sons

Details of Escalators,
North Store

431 King Street

5307

St. Paul's
School District
#23

School District
Superintendent's Office

Younge's Island,
SC

$15,084

5308

Charleston
County School
Board

Burke Industrial School,
Auditorium

207 President
Street

5309

James F.
Condon and
Sons

Condon's Apartment
Building

5310

Jean Meyer

Remodeled Store Front,
Jean Meyer Dress Shop

315 King Street

5311

P. A. Yatrelis

Alterations and Additions

Summerville, SC

5312

Catholic
Seminary

Gateway

Aiken, SC

5313

Charleston
County Board of
Education

Office Layout

Charleston
County

5314

Jasper County
Board of
Trustees

Jasper County "Negro"
High School

Ridgeland, SC

$417,000

5315

Jasper County
Board of
Trustees

Coosawhatchie
Elementary School

Coosawhatchie,
SC

5316

Jasper County
Board of
Trustees

Hardeeville Consolidated
"Negro Elementary"
School, Additions

Hardeeville, SC

5317

G.L. Nungezer

Additions and Alterations
to Bayview Plantation

James Island,
SC

$15,027

5318

James Island
School District
#3

W. Gresham Meggett
School additions

James Island,
SC

103

5319

J. C. Penney

Renovations to Marks
Building

SE Corner of
King and
Calhoun Streets

5320

Jasper County
Board of
Trustees

Additions and
Renovations, Robertville
Elementary School

Robertville, SC

5321

Jasper County
Board of
Trustees

Additions and
Renovations, Ellis
Community Elementary
School

Ellis Community,
SC

5322

Jasper County
Board of
Trustees

Additions and
Renovations, Jasper
County Elementary
School

Ridgeland, SC

5323

Jasper County
Board of
Trustees

Additions and
Renovations, Good Hope
Elementary School

Good Hope
Community, SC

5324

James Island
School Board

James Island High
School additions

James Island,
SC

$56,524

5325

Charleston
County Council

Renovation of Offices

Old Citadel,
Marion Square

5326

Charleston
County Police

Alterations to Offices

Old Citadel,
Marion Square

5327

Charleston
County Council

County Hall Alterations

1000 King Street

$10,211

5328

Mr. And Mrs.
Gene M.
McNulty

Proposed Motel

St. George, SC

5329

St. Andrews
Village

5330

Charleston
School District
#20

New "White" Elementary
School

$400,000

5331

John McAlister,
Inc.

Alterations

169 Meeting
Street

104

5332

Our Lady of the
Valley Convent

Alterations and Additions

Aiken, SC

St. John's Board
of Trustees

school building

Rockville, SC

$150,000

1954 1

5401

Southern

Broadcasting

Co.

TV Building

$156,127

5402

Proposed Shop Building

St. Andrews

Village,

Charleston

5403

My Shop, Inc.

Shop

Liberty Street

5404

Adolph
Rodenberg

New Home

Charleston
County

5405

James Island
School Board

Cut Bridge Elementary
School (Murray LaSaine)

James Island,
SC

$192,000

5406

The Pinecrest
#12

House

5407

Mr. And Mrs.

Lamar

Murdauqh

New Home

Valdosta, GA

Plans w/
EAC

5408

Blessed

Sacrament

Parish

Proposed Recreation
Pavilion

U. S. Hwy 17

5409

Rodenburg's

Supermarkets,

Inc.

warehouse

U. S. Hwy 52

$201,356

5410

Henry Salerni

Store (cleaners and
tailors)

Naval Base, SC

$43,890

5411

Bishop J.J.
Russell

Sacred Heart Auditorium

888 King Street

$43,890

5412

St. John's
School District
#9

Mt. Zion "Negro"
Elementary School

John's Island, SC

5413

LaBrasca's
Motel

New Motel

King and

Cleveland

Streets

105

5414

Ralph R.
Coleman, T.
Allen Legare,
Jack White, et.
Al.

Office Building

Corner of Bull
Street and
Ashley Avenue

5415

James Island
School District
#3

Riverland Terrace School
Addition

James Island,
SC

$30,299

5416

Dr. R.M. Pauling
& Dr. Clay Evatt

Office Building

91 Rutledge
Avenue

5417

Mrs. Mary King

House

5418

Charleston
County Council

Law Office, 2nd Floor

109 Church
Street

5419

R. L. Walker

Walker Shopping Center

Georgetown, SC

5420

U.S.
Government

Additions to Depot
School

Parris Island, SC

$40,000

5421

Awendaw
School District
#1

Awendaw Graded
School, addition of new
heating room

Awendaw, SC

5422

Albert Sottile

Corona Theatre

Society Street

unexecuted
?

5423

Dr. and Mrs.
Gazes

Additions to Home

Country Club

Estates,

Charleston

5424

Joyner Motor Court

Georgetown, SC

5425

Edward's Inc.

Edward's 5, 10 and $1.00
store

Beaufort, SC

$100,000

5426

Bishop J.J.
Russell

Sacred Heart Church
Rectory additions

888 King Street

$12,000

5427

Mr. And Mrs.
Sam Trakas

New Home

Columbia, SC

106

5428

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Baptist Hill Elementary
School

Younge's Island,
SC

$139,945

5430

U.S.
Government?

Marine Corps Theatre
Building

Parris Island, SC

5431

St. Peter's Gym and
Auditorium

Columbia, SC

5432

James Island
School District
#3

2 classroom addition to
J.I. Grade School

James Island,
SC

$10,155

1955 1

5501

Hughes Motors,
Inc.

Warehouse

5502

Hughes Motors,
Inc.

Renovations of Building
Occupied by Crane
Company

5503

W. T. Grant

Store building
(Renovations or
Alterations?)

SE Corner of
King and
Calhoun Streets

5504

George M.
Hughes

Housing Project

Meeting Street
Road

5505

James Island
School District
#3

J.I. Elementary School

James Island,
SC

$125,000

5506

Wappetaw

Presbyterian

Church

New Church Building

McClellanville,
SC

5507

W. F. Condon

Proposed Motel

Rutledge Avenue
and Vanderhorst
Street

unexecuted
?

5508

Elks Home,
Lodge # 242

New Home for BPOE
Lodge #242

5509

St John's School
District #9

Mt. Zion Elementary
School

John's Island, SC

$116,408

5510

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Miley Hill Elem. School

Younge's Island,
SC

$140,061

5512

W. F. Condon

Guest House

Sullivan's Island,
SC

107

5513

Mr. And Mrs.

Joseph

Miklaszewski

House

Jamestown, SC

5514

Mr. And Mrs.

George

Nungezer

Additions and Alterations
to Home

E. Battery and
Council Streets

5515

Baker's

Memorial

Hospital

Proposed Kitchen and
Eating Facilities

5516

Mr. M. C. Wilson

New Home

Seabrook, SC

5517

Dr. and Mrs.
Siau

Additions to Home

Georgetown, SC

5518

Fellowship
Society

Renovations

370 King Street

5519

Our Lady Queen
of Peace School

New School Building

N. Augusta, GA

5520

James Island
School District
#3

J.I. High school addition

James Island,
SC

$56,524

5521

Mr. And Mrs.
Patat

Additions to Residence

Wappoo Heights
Subdivision

5522

St. James-
Santee School
District #1

Additions to St. James
High School and
Elementary School

McClellanville,
SC

5523

St. James-
Santee School
District #1

New "Negro" Santee
Elementary School

McClellanville,
SC

$88,985

5524

Stella Maris
Parish

New Auditorium

Mt. Pleasant, SC

5525

Sam Berlin

Addition to Residence

38 Murray Blvd.

5526

Joseph P. Riley

Proposed Shop and
Office Building

161 Calhoun
Street

5527

James Island
School District
#3

W. Gresham Meggett
School additions

James Island,
SC

108

5528

St. Luke A. M.
E. Church

Alterations and Additions

St. Philip Street?

5529

Charleston
County Jail

Additions

5530

Mr. And Mrs.
James Genaris

Shop Building

Savannah Hwy

James Island
School District
#3

Cut Bridge Eiem. School

James Island,
SC

$64,185

1956

5601

S.C Highway
Department,
Motor Vehicle
Division

Charleston
County

5602

H. K. Purdy

Shopping Center

Ridgeland, SC

5603

Friedman's
Jewelers

Alterations

295 King Street

5604

St. John's
School District
#9

St. John's Elementary,
Additions & Cafeteria

John's Island, SC

$105,443

5605

St. John's
School District
#9

Addition Haupt Gap
School

John's Island, SC

$30,769

5606

Dr. J. S. Howell

Office Building

Charleston
County

5607

Mrs. G. L
Hockmeyer, Sr.

Proposed Rodenberg's
Market

Rutledge Avenue
and Sumter
Street

5608

H. Steeken &
Co.

Warehouse & garage

$15,449

5610

Anne's Shop

Alterations to Facade

312 King Street

5611

M. William
Frampton

Additions

20 Colonial
Street

109

5612

James Island
School District
#3

Murray La Saine (Cut
Bridge) Elementary
School cafeteria

James Island,
SC

$32,000

5613

James Island
School District
#3

J.I. Elementary School
cafeteria

James Island,
SC

350,000

5615

North

Charleston

Methodist

Educational Building

North
Charleston, SC

5616

Carroll B. Rivers

Building?

Byrnes Downs
Subdivision

5617

University of
Georgia

Marine Biology Lab

Sapelo Island,
GA

$60,000

5618

Mrs. Judith
Solomon

Cannon Shoe Store
alterations

252 King Street

$27,286

5620

Harold Petit

Home

Fenwick Dnve

5621

McClennan
Banks Memorial
Hospital

New Hospital

Courtenay Dnve

5622

McAlister's

Undertaking

Parlor

New Building

150 Wentworth
Street

$166,777

5623

Mr. And Mrs. R.
H. Robertson

Motel

Savannah Hwy

5624

J. C. Long

Alterations and Additions

10 Court House
Square

5625

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Sugar Hill Elementary
School (Minnie Hughes)

Younge's Island,
SC

$175,000

5626

Copleston's
Klendry

Rug Cleaning
Department?

573 Meeting
Street

$50,000

5627

W. F. Condon

Nightclub

5628

James Island
School District
#3

Classroom Additions

James Island,
SC

110

Jasper County
School District
#1

Jasper Co. Elem. School

Ridgeland, SC

S229.000

Jasper County
School District
#1

Coosawhatchie Elem.
School

Coosawhatchie,
SC

$144,295

1957 1

5701

John D. Holmes

Shopping Center

James Island

5702

Joe Bessinger

Piggy Park Drive Inn

Dorchester Road

5703

St. Peters
Catholic Church

Auditorium

Beaufort, SC

5704

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Baptist Hill H.S. Addition

Younge's Island,
SC

$75,000

5705

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Jane Edwards Elem.
Addition

Younge's Island,
SC

$20,000

5706

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Baptist Hill Elementary
School Addition

Younge's Island,
SC

$20,000

5707

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Mile Hill Elementary
Addition

Younge's Island,
SC

$20,000

5708

J. Mitchell
Graham

House

5709

John Larry

Pavilion

Folly Beach, SC

$35,000

5710

James Island
School District
#3

New White High School
Building

James Island,
SC

5710-
A

J.C. Long

Office Building

Savannah, GA

$400,000

5711

St. John's
School District
#9

Alterations, St. John's
High School

Johns Island, SC

5712

St. John's
School District
#9

Alterations, St. John's
High School

Johns Island, SC

111

5713

St. James-
Santee School
District #1

Cafeteria for Elem. &
H.S.

McClellanville,
SC

$100,000

5714

Hay Oil
Company

Parking Center

5715

St. James-
Santee School
District #1

New Santee Elementary
School

McClellanville,
SC

$65,000

5716

Proposed Domestic
Relations Court [The
Center](Entry is illegible)

Charleston?

5717

Kerrison's

Parking Lot

260 King Street

5718

Franke Home

?Dormitory (Nursing
Home)

Calhoun Street

$75,000

5719

Charleston
County

Curbing and Sign Pylon,
County Hall

1000 King Street

5720

Arcade Theatre
and Shops

Alterations

1 & 3 Liberty
Street

5721

Albert Sottile

173 Rutledge
Avenue

5722

Dr. G. Creighton
Frampton

Additions to Home

Orange Street

5723

J. C. Long

Office Building

Savannah, GA

5724

Moultrie School
District #2

Moultrie Jr. High School

Mt. Pleasant, SC

5725

James Island
School District
#3

James Island (White)
High School, 8
Classroom Addition

James Island,
SC

5726

Dr. and Mrs. J.
Hugh Jackson

Home

5727

James Island
School District
#3

Addition Riverland
Terrace Elementary
School

James Island,
SC

$10,935

5728

William S.
Pearlman

Apartments

112

5729

John's Island
School District

Shop Building for Haupt
Gap School

John's Island. SC

5730

Hardeeville
School District

Heating Plan

Hardeeville. SC

5731

Moultrie School
District #2

Mamie P. Whiteside
Elem. School

Mt. Pleasant, SC

S53.907

5732

Unitarian
Church

Rectory

Ashley Avenue
and Murray Blvd.

535,000

1958

5801

C. 0. Thompson

Apartment Building

NE Corner of St
Philip and
Vanderhorst
Streets

5802

Kerrison's

Remodeling

260 King Street

5803

West Oak Shopping
Center

Charleston

5804

Wm. F, Condon,
Sr.

12 Unit Apartment
Building

Corner of
Rutledge &
Vanderhorst

$108,229

5805

Triest & Sholk
Agents

Shop Building

305 King Street

322,201

5806

Bishop J.J.
Russell

Bishop England School
Addition

Calhoun Street

577,500

5807

St. Paul's
School District
#23

St. Paul's H.S. Rehab.

Younge's Island
SC

571.401

5808

Mr. And Mrs.
Mollis A. Ayers

Motel, King Charles Motel

Hasell and
Meeting Streets

5809

Lafayette Motel

Motel

Savannah Hwy

5810

Marrion's
Cafeteria

Savannah. GA

5811

Moultrie School
District #2

4 Classroom Addition

Mt. Pleasant, SC

113

5812

Ashley Hall
Trustees

New Dormitory

172 Rutledge
Avenue

$100,000

5813

J.C. Long

Add. U.S. ENG. BLDG

Savannah, GA

$260,608

5814

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Addition St. Paul's H.S.

Younge's Island,
SC

$66,656

5815

Moultrie School
District #2

Mt. Pleasant Academy, 6
classroom addition

Mt. Pleasant, SC

$55,022

5816

John's island
School District
#9

Mt. Zion Elementary
School Addition

John's Island, SC

$11,177

5817

John's Island
School District
#9

John's Island Elementary
School Addition

John's Island, SC

$49,792

5818

Peter Botzis

Remodeling of [Bay]
Walgreen Drug Store

James Island
School District
#3

James Island High 8
classroom addition

James Island,
SC

$60,945

St. John's
School District
#9

St. John's H.S.
Rehabilitation

John's Island, SC

$62,990

1959 1

5901

Mr. P.M. Furris

Shop Buildings

308-310 King
StrPPt

5902

Wm. F. Condon,
Sr.

12 Unit Apartment
Building

Corner of
Rutledge &
Vanderhorst

$108,229

5903

Palmetto

Construction

Company

Office Building

Charleston

5904

Francis Marion
Hotel

[Dec] Ball Room

King Street

5905

Alex Tumboli

Apartment Building

7 Logan Street

5905

Mr. And Mrs.
Allison Seigling

Apartment Building

29 George Street

114

5906

Murray Silver

Motel

Savannah, GA

5907

Mrs, Rachel C.
Shogry

Home

Greenbriar Lane

$30,733

5908

Isle of Palms
School District

Isle of Palms Elementary
School

Isle of Palms, SC

5909

Dr. Peter Botzis

Home

1803 Darthmoor
Circle

$39,820

5910

James Island
School District
#3

Harbor View Elementary
School

James Island,
SC

$172,296

5911

B.L. Solomon &
Israel H.
Jacobson

New Office Building

34 George Street

5912

Knight's of
Columbus

Proposed Alterations to
Basement

Calhoun Street

5913

Moultrie School
District #2

Laing High School Locker
and Shower Room

Mt. Pleasant, SC

$10,344

5914

Dorchester-
Waylyn Baptist
Church

Educational Building
Wando Woods Baptist
Church

North
Charleston, SC

$66,958

5915

Building

34 George Street

unexecuted

5916

Doctor's Office Building

Fairfield, Conn

5917

James Island
School District
#3

Addition to W. Grisban
Meggett High School

James Island,
SC

5918

U.S. Department
of Agriculture

Proposed Building

Raleigh, NC

5919

Klyde Roberson

Manufacturing Plant

Charleston

5920

Midas Muffler
Shop

Additions

2036 Meeting
Street

115

North

Charleston

Methodist

1-95 trucking station

North
Charleston, SC

$190,055

1960 1

6001

Francis Marion
Hotel

Swamp Fox Room

King Street

6002

Mr. And Mrs.
Louis Garfield

Apartment Building

Grove Street

6003

John
Chrysostone

Building

Folly Beach, SC

6004

Beaufort Baptist
Church

Building

Beaufort, SC

6005

Folly beach

Methodist

Church

Educational Building

Folly Beach, SC

6006

Pepsi- Cola

Bottling

Company

Bottling Plant

Monck's Corner,
SC

$125,000

6007

Dr. Herman
Austrian and
Associates

Doctors' Office Building

Trumbull, Conn

6008

Masonic Temple

Building

145 St. Philip
Street

6009

Mr. And Mrs.
Alwyn Berlin

Home

Charleston

6010

The Mather
School

Dormitory, Gym and
Library

Beaufort, SC

$234,000

6011

Garden Road
Church of the
Nazarene

Sunday School Building

SC Hwy 61 and
Ashley Hall Road

6012

Elks Club

Additions

6013

Mr. And Mrs.
Walter Bulrow

Home

Broughton
Avenue

6014

Berlin Brothers

Building

Corner of Broad
and King Streets

6015

Fielding Funeral
Home

Mortuary

Corner of
Meeting Street
and Jacksonville

$50,000

116

6016

James Island
School District
#3

Addition to Grisban
Meggett Elementary
School

James Island

6017

James Island
School District
#3

Two Classroom Addition
King's Highway
Elementary School

James Island,
SC

6018

James Island
School District
#3

Two Classroom Addition
Murray La Saine School

James Island,
SC

6019

Dorchester-
Waylyn Baptist
Church

Educational Building

Charleston
Heights, SC

6020

Beaufort School
District

Additional Facilities for
Mather School

Beaufort, SC

6021

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Two Classroom Addition
Minnie Hughes
Elementary School

Younge's Island,
SC

6022

St. James-
Santee School
District #1

Alterations to Santee E.
"Negro" School

McClellanville,
SC

6023

St. James-
Santee School
District #1

Two Classroom Addition
Porcher Elementary
School

Awendaw, SC

6024

St. James-
Santee School
District #1

Two Classroom Addition
to Lincoln School

McClellanville,
SC

1961 J

6101

Elks Club

Addition

Charleston

$62,742

6102

Charleston
County School
Board

King's Hwy Elementary
School, 8 Classroom
Addition

James Island

$73,860

6103

Mescon's

Morrison Blvd
and Huger Street

$50,000

6104

Coastal
Trailways

Charleston terminal

Calhoun Street

$40,000

6105

James Island
School District
#3

James Island High
School Gym

James Island,
SC

6106

U.S.
Government

Post Office Annex

North
Charleston, SC

$1,000,000

117

6107

Francis Marion
Hotel

Garage

King Street

6108

Francis Marion
Hotel

Renovation of Room
1135

King Street

6109

First National
Bank

Bank Building

Summerville, SC

$29,558

6110

Capt. And Mrs.
H.K. Rock

Home

Jacksonville, FL

6111

Condon's

Warehouse

19 Warren Street

$16,993

6112

Proposed Pine Haven
Expansion

Charleston

6113

James Island
School District
#3

Four Classroom Addition
James Island High
School

James Island,
SC

6114

James Island
School District
#3

Two Classroom Addition
Harborview Elementary
School

James Island,
SC

$16,400

6115

Charleston
County
Department of

Alternate 4th Floor

Charleston

$28,657

Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine

alterations to residence

201 Grove Street

1962 J

6201

Mr. And Mrs. A.
Chrysoston

Home

125 St. Margaret
Street

$22,835

6202

U.S.
Government

Armory

St. George, SC

$135,824

6203

Dorchester-
Waylyn Baptist
Church

Educational Building
(revised drawings)

Charleston
Heights, SC

$116,509

6204

Francis Marion
Hotel

Addition

King Street

6205

Public Savings
and Life
Insurance

District Office

Sumter, SC

118

6206

Mrs. Esther
Miller

Home

Lambs Sub-
Division North
Charleston, SC

6207

Benevolent
Society

Hospital and Training
School for Nurses

Kingstree, SC

6208

Dr. S.G.
Koutrouiakis

Office Building

Beaufort, SC

$26,300

6209

James Island
School District
#3

Stiles Point "White"
Elementary School

James Island,
SC

$164,281

6210

James Island
School District
#3

"Negro" Elementary
School

James Island,
SC

$160,996

6211

William
Pearlman

Pearlman Apartments

San Souci Street

6212

St. Stephens Municipal
Building

St. Stephens, SC

6213

Dorman's Oil
Paint Service

Building

Charleston

6214

J.L. Pressman

Proposed Development

Folly Beach, SC

6215

Greek Church

Fayetteville, NC

$119,600

6216

Rifle Club

Building

Ashley Park
Charleston, SC

6217

Auto Paint Shop

Columbia, SC

6218

Research
Foundation

Additions and Alterations
to Main Building

Sapelo Island,
GA

6219

Marion

Sullivan's Island,
SC

James Island
School District
#3

11 Classroom elementary
School

James Island,
SC

$125,000

Francis Marion
Hotel

Additions, Elevator
Shafts, etc.

King Street

$50,000

119

1963 1

6301

[West] Pulp and
Paper Company

Office Building

Summerville, SC

6302

Pearlman Apartments

San Souci Street

6303

Abraham's
Furniture Co.

Store Building

Corner of King
and John Streets

unexecuted

6304

Dr. J. T. Hiott

Apartment Building

142 Wentworth
Street

unexecuted

6305

Beaufort School
District

Additions Mather School

Beaufort, SC

6306

Berlin Brothers

Store and Office Building

King Street

6307

Additions to Botzis
Building

Cleveland Street

6308

Debacker &
Hottinger

Store Building

Corner of
Rutledge &
Calhoun

6309

Condon's

Alterations, north

431 King Street

6310

Mr. Castlebury

Motel

Valdosta, GA

6311

P.M. Clement

6312

Dr. Charles
Banov

Office Building

Corner of
Doughty Street
and Ashley

$31,992

6313

Pepsi-Cola

Bottling

Company

Additions Pepsi Cola
Bottling Co. Warehouse

Charleston

6314

Marina

Mt. Pleasant, SC

6315

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Baptist Hill High School,
Library Addition

Hollywood, SC

$20,000

120

6316

Emanuel A. M.
E. Church

Additions and Alterations

Calhoun Street

6317

U.S.
Government

Barracks Building

Naval

Ammunition

Depot

$250,000

6318

Francis Marion
Hotel

Parking Lot

King Street

6319

Francis Marion
Hotel

Renovation of 12th floor
for an apartment for
General Mark Clark

King Street

6320

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Robert D. Schroder
Elementary School

Younge's Island,
SC

$219,978

6321

St. James -
Santee School
District #1

Two Classroom Addition
to Lincoln School

Charleston
County

$30,353

6322

Westover Inn

Corner of Cherry
and Bee Street

6323

James Island
School District
#3

Harborview Elementary,
2 classroom addition

James Island,
SC

$98,369

6324

James Island
School District
#3

Stiles Point Elementary
School, 6 Classroom
Addition, & Additions to
Various Other Schools

James Island,
SC

$150,000

6325

James Island
School District
#3

James Island High
School 4 classroom
Addition

James Island,
SC

6326

James Island
School District
#3

King's Hwy Elementary
School (1 of many)

James Island,
SC

6327

Mr. T. Botzis

Building

Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine

alterations to residence

201 Grove Street

1964 1

6401

Orvin Apartments

48 Bull Street

121

6402

Howard R.
Chapman

Office Building

123 Meeting
Street

6403

Fidelity Masons

Lodge

James Island,
SC

6404

Morris Street
Baptist Church

Church building

25-29 Morris
Street

$400,000

6405

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Baptist Hill High School,
3 Classroom Addition

Hollywood, SC

$28,000

6406

Berlin Brothers

Office Building

117-119 King
Street

6407

Berkley Electric
Cooperative

Office Building

Monck's Corner,
SC

$125,000

6408

James Island
School District
#3

Murray La Saine (Cut
Bridge) Elementary
School Addition

James Island,
SC

$85,000

6409

Berkley Electric
Cooperative

Branch Building

Highway 37 and
Robert Road

6410

Abraham's
Furniture Co.

Store Building

Corner of King
and John Streets

unexecuted

6411

Auditorium

Charleston

6412

J.C. Long

"Big Bertha" Remodeling

King Street

6413

Charleston
County

Police Head Quarters

North
Charleston, SC

6414

Sisters of
Charity of Our
Lady of Mercy

Settlement House and
Community Center

America Street

6415

James Island
School District
#3

Gymnasiums for James
Island & W. Gresham
Meggett High Schools

James Island,
SC

$300,000

6416

J.C. Long

Addition

Savannah, GA

122

Greek
Community

Church

Fayetteville, NC

$120,000

Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine

alterations to residence

201 Grove Street

1965 1

6501

Church of the

Hellenic

Community

Educational Building and
Auditorium

Winston-Salem,
NC

6502

Van-Smith
Building Material
Company

Office and Warehouse

East Bay Street

$200,000

6503

Kings Shopping Center

Fayetteville, NC

6504

St. Elpis Greek

Orthodox

Church

Hopewell, VA

6505

Windsor Baptist
Church

Alterations and Additions

North
Charleston, SC

6506

Farmers and
Merchants Bank
of Holly Hill

Bank Building

Monck's Corner,
SC

$60,000

6507

St. George

Hellenic

Community

Community and
Educational Building

Greenville, SC

6508

Rittenberg,
Graham, and
Seymour

Office Building

111 Meeting
Street

6509

Irene B.
Constantine

Apartment Building

Corner of
Rutledge Avenue
and Maverick

6510

Condon's

Drive-In Restaurant

unexecuted

6511

Berlin Brothers

Store building (Berlin's?)

Corner of King
and Broad
Streets

$100,000

6512

Mr. And Mrs. Pat
Leonard

Addition to Studio

James Island,
SC

123

6513

Mr. And Mrs.
Abe Thorny

New Building for
Calhoun's

Sumter, SC

6514

Miriam Lem

Laundry

Charleston, SC

6515

[Szazay]
Verones

Office Building

Aiken, SC

6516

Everett Smith

Pepsi Cola Bottling Co.
Warehouse & Office

Charleston

$170,000

6517

George Bazakas

Professional Building

Summerville, SC

6518

J.C. Long

Parking Garage

Savannah, GA

6519

James Island
School District
#3

School Addition

James Island,
SC

375,900

6520

James Island
School District
#3

School Addition

James Island,
SC

$24,800

6521

James Island
School District
#3

Stiles Point Elementary
School, 6 Classroom
Addition

James Island,
SC

$74,300

6522

James Island
School District
#3

Office of the District

Superintendent,

Additions

James Island,
SC

6523

J.C. Long

Office Building

Savannah, GA

Berkley Electric
Cooperative

Additions

Monck's Corner,
SC

1966 1

6601

St. Paul's
School District #
23

Additions to St. Paul's
High School

Younge's Island,
SC

6602

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Library Conversions

Younge's Island,
SC

$11,040

124

6603

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Additions to Baptist Hill
Elementary School

Younge's Island,
SC

6604

St. Paul's
School District
#23

New Cafeteria for Baptist
Hill Elementary School

Younge's Island,
SC

6605

St, Paul's
School District
#23

Additions to Miley Hill
Elementary School

Younge's Island,
SC

6606

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Additions to Jane
Edwards Elementary
School

Edisto Island, SC

6607

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Additions to Minnie
Hughes Elementary
School

James Island,
SC

not
executed

6608

Hertz

Proposed Trucking
Station

North
Charleston, SC

6609

Hawthorne Aviation
Building

Charleston

6610

Drs. Edwards
and Brock

Office Building

4 Mendelson
Street

6611

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Library Conversions

Younge's Island,
SC

$11,040

6612

Dorchester-
Waylyn Baptist
church

Educational Building

North
Charleston, SC

6613

Bethel Baptist
Church

Rehab of existing church

Sumter, SC

$72,342

6614

Miller Cadillac
Company

Building

6615

Mr. Hamish
Turner

Renovation of
Apartments

36 Pitt street

$18,348

6616

Renken Boat
Co.

Rehabilitation

North
Charleston, SC

$25,000

6617

Dr. W.W.
Vallotton

Alterations to residence

125

6618

Mr. And Mrs.
Charles W.
Shealy

Residence

Younge's Island,
SC

6619

Mr. George B.
Bishop

Alterations and Additions
to Building

Monck's Corner,
SC

6620

Beaufort Baptist
Church

Additions

Beaufort, SC

$3,000

6621

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Baptist Hill High School,
Additions

Hollywood, SC

$75,000

6622

Angus Steak
House

New Building

Savannah Hwy

6623

J.C. Long

Parking garage for
Downtown Motel

Charleston

6624

McClellanville
School District
#1

Alterations and Additions
to Lincoln High and
Elementary Schools

McClellanville,
SC

6625

Palace Realty
Company

Proposed Development

Charleston

6626

Nemouxs
Plantation

Pool House

Yemassee, SC

6627

Coastal States

Office Building

Northwest
Corner of King
and Congress

$61,185

6628

Palmetto

Construction

Company

Wholesale Building

6629

James Island
School District
#3

4 Classroom addition

James Island,
SC

$30,000

6630

James Island
School District
#3

4 Classroom addition

James Island,
SC

$30,000

6631

James Island
School District
#3

4 Classroom addition

James Island,
SC

$30,000

1967 1

6701

J.C. Long

Proposed Five Story
Building

Charleston

126

6702

James Island
School District
#3

Proposed Vocational
Building Gresham
Meggett School

James Island,
SC

6703

James Island
School District
#3

Music Building James
Island High School

James Island,
SC

6704

Mr. Combs

Residence

Charleston

6705

Mr. and Mrs.
Edwin L. Happ

Residence

Aiken, SC

6706

Mr. And Mrs.
Everett Smith

Residence

Mt. Pleasant, SC

6707

J.C. Coag

Paul Motor Company
Building

Charleston

6708

John's Island
School District
#9

Haupt Gap School
Alterations

John's Island, SC

6709

John's Island
School District
#9

John's Island High and
Elementary School Gym
and classroom building

John's Island, SC

$350,000

6710

John's Island
School District
#9

Haupt Gap High and
Elementary School Gym

John's Island, SC

$270,000

6711

Condon's

Eating Facilities for
Condon's

431 King Street

6712

Bethel

Presbyterian

Church

Church building

Walterboro, SC

$125,000

6713

J.C. Long

12 Unit Apartment
Building

Charleston

6714

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Robert Schroder School,
Library Addition

Younge's Island,
SC

$35,000

6715

Windsor Baptist
Church

Proposed Church Facility

Ashley
Phosphate Road

6716

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Miley Hill Elem. School

Younge's Island,
SC

127

6717

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Addition to St. Paul's
High School Gym

Younge's Island,
SC

6718

St, Paul's
School District
#23

Minnie Hughes
Elementary School

Younge's Island,
SC

6719

McClellanville
School District
#1

Remodeling of Kitchen
and Gym Lincoln School

McClellanville,
SC

$35,000

6720

Charleston
County Police
Department

Addition to Police Station

6721

Windsor Baptist
Church

Church and Educational
Facilities

Ashley
Phosphate Road

6722

J. P. [Liaghorse]

Shopping Center

6723

Mr. Milton
Schwartz

Residence Remodeling

1054 Keats
Street

6724

Nicholas Sottile

Apartments, Cluster Type

6725

Abraham's
Furniture Co.

Store Building

Corner of King
and John Streets

6726

St. Paul's
School District
#23

Library Addition Robert
Schroder School

Younge's Island,
SC

$35,000

6727

Hibben

Methodist

Church

Mt. Pleasant, SC

1968 1

6801

James Island
School District
#3

Store Room W. Gresham
Meggett School

James Island,
SC

6802

Charleston

Police

Department

Sub-Station # 1

James Island,
SC

6803

Charleston

Police

Department

Sub-Station #2 and 3

Mt. Pleasant, SC

128

6804

First Baptist
Church

6805

John's Island
School District
#9

Haupt Gap High and
Elementary School Shop
building

John's Island, SC

$35,000

6806

St. Andrew's
School District

St. Andrew's Shop
Building

St. Andrew's, SC

$35,000

6807

Ed Stehmeyer

Office Building

6808

John's Island
School District
#9

Gym John's Island
School

John's Island, SC

6809

John's Island
School District
#9

John's Island High and
Elementary School Shop
building

John's Island, SC

$35,000

6810

John's Island
School District
#9

Haupt Gap High Gym

John's Island, SC

6811

St. Matthew's
Church

6812

Tibwin
Community

Development Club
Recreation Association
Building

6813

Newland

Development

Company

Dorchester Gardens
Apartments

North
Charleston, SC

6814

James Island
School District
#3

Music and Shop
Buildings Fort Johnson
High School

James Island,
SC

$107,000

1969 1

6901

J.C. Long

Office Building

Savannah, GA

$650,000

6902

Craft School
Rehabilitation

6903

Dr. Paul
Buc[hanan] and
Dr. Ray Hayes

Office Building and
Shops

6904

Greek Church

Building

Fayetteville, NC

6905

James Island
School Distnct
#3

Changes to Gresham
Meggett School

James Island,
SC

$90,000

129

6906

Charleston
County School
District

Conversion of Existing
Building to Maintenance
Building

Charleston

$75,000

6907

J.C. Long

Ashley Theatre

Charleston

6908

J.C. Long

Mt. Pleasant Theatre

Mt. Pleasant, SC

6909

Greek
Community

Church, School and Hall

Raleigh, NC

$300,000

6910

Conversion of Wallace
School

$75,000

6911

St. James-
Santee School
District #1

Rehab of existing
cafeteria building

McClellanville,
SC

$10,000

6912

Margiotta
Sewing Machine
Company

Addition

Mr. & Mrs. A.
Constantine

alterations to residence

201 Grove Street

1970 1

7001

Charleston
County Welfare
Department

Renovations

Charleston
County

$60,000

7002

Mr. And Mrs.
Edwin H.
Poulnot, Jr

Rehabilitation of Beach
House

Sullivan's Island,
SC

7003

Proposed Hotel

Aiken, SC

7004

Proposed Typical Pre-
Vocational Buildings for
Elementary and High
Schools

7005

Newland

Development

Company

Highland Garden
Apartments, Community
Building and Pool

Charleston, SC

$12,500

7006

Charleston
County School
District

Middleton High School
Shop Alterations

St. Andrews

Parish,

Charleston

$37,332

130

7007

Perkins
Pancake House

7008

Dr. [M] Cord

Kitchen

7008

Charleston
County

Charleston County Police
H.Q. Annex addition and
renovations

North
Charleston, SC

3112,384

7009

Georgia N.
Palassis

Palassis Apartments

North
Charleston, SC

$250,000

7010

Dr. J. Hampton
Hoch

Residence

John's Island, SC

$30,000

7011

Mr. James
Mitchell

Beach House

Edisto Beach

7012

Charleston
County School
District

Sullivan's Island
Academy, 2 classroom
addition

Sullivan's Island,
SC

$21,450

7013

Dr. Dan L.
Maguire, Jr

Office

7014

G.N. Palassis
and P. Banis

Siesta Motel, 24 unit
addition

North
Charleston, SC

$153,406

7015

Emanuel Baptist
Church

Summerville, SC

1971 1

7100

Francis Marion
Hotel

Garage

King Street

7101

Mr. Ginesberg

Building

Spruill Avenue

7102

Charleston Air
Force Base

742nd Radar Squadron
Entrance Additions

North
Charleston, SC

7103

Ducker and
Kennedy

Renovation of Exterior of
Prescription Center

Corner of
Rutledge and
Bull Streets

131

7104

James Island
School District
#3

Bathroom Facilities for
St. John's Elementary
and High School and
Stiles Point Elementary
School

James Island,
SC

7105

Charleston
County School
District

Lincoln School Gym

McClellanville,
SC

$342,933

7106

J.C. Long

Castle Building

Savannah, GA

$650,000

7107

? Spur

Residence

7108

Calvary A. M. E.
Church

Union Heights,
SC

7109

Dr. D.L
Maguire, Sr.

Office

145 Wentworth
Street

7110

St. James

United

Presbyterian

Church building

James Island,
SC

$400,000

7111

Gallitte Church
of Christ

Edisto Beach,
SC

7112

Morris Sokol
Furniture

Warehouse

Charleston

1972 1

7201

College of
Charleston

Learning Resources
Center

Charleston

$225,000

7202

Dr. And Mrs.
Charles Darby,
Jr.

Home

Seaside Farms

$100,000

7203

Mr. And Mrs.
Ray Ball

Duplex Apartments

James Island,
SC

$20,000

7204

Sea Island
Academy

12 classroom school

John's Island, SC

$132,000

7205

Loudy Mountain
Baptist Church

North
Charleston, SC

132

7205

[Railing's]

Greek Church

Charleston

7206

Karen

Martschink

Distributing

Beaufort, SC

7207

D.J. Stroble

1-95 trucking station

1-95

$124,880

7208

D. J. Stroble

Addition to Buildings

Summerville, SC

7209

St. Mark's
Lutheran Church

Church building

Isle of Palms, SC

$125,000

7210

Masonic Lodge?

Masonic Building Project

Charleston

7211

Burke High
School

Storage Building

207 President
Street

$9,873

7212

Food Services
Supply, inc.

Facade

Charleston

7213

Social Security
Administration

Building

Beaufort, SC

7214

J. C. Long

"Big Bertha" Apartments
[remodeling or
alterations]

1050-1054 King
Street

7215

Dr. Vailottons

Alterations to Residence

Charleston

7216

Charleston Arms
Apartments

Office Building

North Charleston

7217

Welfare
Department

Alterations (The Center)

Charleston?

7218

J. C. Long

? For the Francis Marion
Hotel

King Street

1973 1

7301

City of
Charleston

Gymnasium

Corner of
Hagood and
Fishburne

$384,498

133

7302

Hugh Wilson

Residence

McClellanville,
SC

$28,355

7303

Gifford-Hill Inc.

Cement Plant

Harleyville, SC

$500,000

7303

Fred Norris &
Roy Varner

Motel and Restaurant
facilities

Eutawville, SC

$150,000

7304

Charleston Air
Force Base

Officers' Open Mess
Club, alterations

Charleston Air
Force Base

$70,000

7305

Bethel

Presbyterian

Church

Educational Facilities

Walterboro, SC

$125,000

7306

Jackson
Opticians

Charleston

7307

Lonne Hamilton,
IV

Additions to House

Charleston?

7308

Charleston
County

Cooper River Memorial
Library, Additions

Charleston

7309

Burke School

Cafeteria and Kitchen

207 President
Street

$251,474

7310

Charleston
County

Renovations

133 Calhoun
Street

$147,267

7311

College of
Charleston

[illegible]

Charleston

7312

Dr. & Mrs. R.R.
Bradham

kitchen renovation

Murray Blvd.

$12,500

7313

College of
Charleston

Fine Arts Building

Charleston

7314

Mr. And Mrs. D.
Montgomery

Home

Watkinsville, GA

7315

Greater St.
James Bethel
Methodist

Additions

Wadmalaw
Island, SC

134

7316

College of
Charleston

Lesesne House, guest
house rehab.

Charleston

$30,000

7317

Mr. Elliott
Constantine

Home

Folly Beach, SC

7318

Citadel Square
Baptist Church

Additions

Meeting Street

7319

Renovation of Courtyard
Center Building

7320

City of
Charleston

Fire Station

Charleston

7321

City of
Charleston

Fire Station #10

Nicholson & U.S.
Hwy 17

$117,524

7322

City of
Charleston

Portable Fire Station

Charleston

7323

Citadel Square
Baptist Church

Thomas A. Brookbanks
Memorial

Meeting Street

$8,500

7324

Citadel Square
Baptist Church

Rehabilitation of Music
Room

Meeting Street

7325

Mr. And Mrs.
James Randall
[Davis?]

Residence

Monck's Corner,
SC

7326

Welfare
Department

Renovations

Charleston

$25,000

7327

First National
Bank of Holly
Hill

Summerville, SC

7328

Jack White

[illegible]

Charleston?

7328

John Reynolds,
MD

Cottage Plantation

Charleston?

1974 1

7401

Charleston
County Welfare
Department

Day Care Renovations

Charleston

135

7402

City of
Charleston

Recreation Building

Charleston

$21,184

7403

Ashley River
Baptist Church

Charleston

7404

R. R. Bradham

Town Houses

Short Street

$12,000

7405

J. C. Long

High Rise Building

7406

Department of
Social Services

Cubicle for Bill Knowles

$2,000

7407

Dr. W. W.
Vaiiotton

St. Paul's Parish,
SC

7408

Mr. Crawford

Cemetery Lot Lay-out at
Bethany Cemetery

Charleston

7409

Jeffries,

McLeod, Unger,
Fraser

Office Renovations

Walterboro, SC

7411

College of
Charleston

College Inn, Renovations

Calhoun Street '?

$26,143

7412

College of
Charleston

Craig Hall Renovation

Wentworth
Street

$18,363

7413

College of
Charleston

Toilet Changes

Charleston

7414

Charleston
County Masonic
Temple

Masonic Temple

Grove Street

$1,200,000

7415

College of
Charleston

College Lodge

Calhoun Street

7416

College of
Charleston

Renovations to J. C.
Long Building

Liberty and St.
Philip Streets

7417

City of
Charleston

Tennis Center and Club
House

Charleston

$161,802

136

7418

College of
Charleston

College Inn ?

Calhoun Street?

7419

Gus Martschink

Warehouse and Office
Space

Charleston

1975 1

7501

Bill Leiand

Archibald Rutledge
Private School

McClellanville,
SC

3100,000

7502

Courtenay
School

Renovations

Meeting Street

7503

Charleston
County

Food Stamp Center
Renovations

Charleston
County

$15,639

7504

Stallsville United

Methodist

Church

Educational Building

Summerville, SC

$138,000

7505

Mr. K. D.
Hondros

Proposed Development

Fayetteville, NC

7506

College of
Charleston

Renovations

97 Wentworth
Street

$83,380

7507

College of
Charleston

Renovations

107 Wentw/orth
Street

$88,584

7508

College of
Charleston

Mobile Dormitory Units

Charleston

7509

College of
Charleston

Dormitories

Charleston

7510

Citadel

Transformer
Replacement

Charleston

$23,670

7511

Citadel

Padgett-Thomas, 268
Rooms

Charleston

$664,970

7512

College of
Charleston

Mobile Dormitory Units

Charleston

7513

College of
Charleston

Dormitory

Wentworth and
Coming Street

137

7514

Citadel

Barracks #2, new service,
panels, feeders

Charleston

$23,850

7515

College of
Charleston

New Brick Fence,
College Inn

Calhoun Street?

7516

Dr. Vallottons

Lake House

7517

George Lagare
Homes

Tenants' Assistance Day
Care

7518

Bethel

Presbyterian

Church

Douglas Hall,
Renovations

Walterboro, SC

$115,000

7519

Burns Lane

7520

Greater Zion A.
M. E. Church

7521

River Road Day
Care Center

River Road

7522

Peter's Field
Day Care
Center

7523

Recreation Center

1976

7601

Baker and
Palassis

Apartments

Suquoia Street

7602

College of
Charleston

Renovations

15 St. Philip
Street

$88,524

7603

College of
Charleston

Renovations

17 St. Philip
Street

$90,052

7604

Leventiss
Property

Calhoun Street
and Burns Lane

7605

D. E. Palassis
Apartments

Aberdeen
Avenue

138

7606

City of North
Charleston

Dorchester Fire Station

North
Charleston, SC

$171,869

7607

Clyde Burris

Liquor Store

Charleston

7608

W.W. Vallotton,
Doctor

Replace Residence

Folly Beach, SC

$33,000

7609

Jackson-
Davenport

Parking Lot

Charleston

7610

Bullwinkie
Mobile Homes
and Park

7611

Citadel

Padgett-Thomas
Barracks #2, renovation

Charleston

$664,970

7612

First National
Bank of Holly
Hill

Additions & Renovations

Summerville, SC

$120,000

7613

14 Apartment Units

Calhoun Street

7614

Zion Temple
Association

John's Island

7615

First Baptist
Church

Memorial Tablet

7616

Citadel

Law Barracks #3,
Transformer
Replacement, new
service panels and
feeders, telephone
raceways

Charleston

$30,924

7617

Citadel

Stevens Barracks #4,
Transformer
Replacement, new
service panels and
feeders, telephone
raceways

Charleston

$29,164

7618

7619

Citadel

Law Barracks #3 and
Stevens Barracks #4,
renovations

Charleston

$544,700

139

APPENDIX D: IMAGES

140

Figure D.l Marion Square Bandstand
(1944, demolished 3/2000)

Photographed by author

Figure D.2 Cowpertliwaite Building, 209-213 King Street
(1946) Approved for demolition on 3/17/00

Photographed by author

141

Figure D.3 Health, Education, and Welfare Office Building,
Atlanta, GA (1939)

Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of
photograph unknown.

Figure D.4 J. C. Long Residence, Mt. Pleasant (1948)

Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects. Date of
Photograph unknown

142

^ili iLM

- 1(

Figure D.5 Condon's Department Store, rendering, 431 King Street
(1946, 1947 with multiple campaigns)

Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects.

Figure D.6 McClennan Banks Memorial Hospital, rendering, Courtenay

Drive (1956)

Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects.

143

Figure D.7 Haverty's Furniture Store, 294 King Street
Now Dumas (1942)

Photographed by author

Figure D.8 Van Smith Building Materials, 276 East Bay Street
(1949) Now Anchor Bank

Photographed by author

144

Figure D-9 Martschink Building, 26 Cumberland Street (1944)

Photographed by author

Figure D-10 309 King Street, date unknown

Photographed by author

145

Figure D.ll Charleston County Hall, 1000 King Street (1953) Now King

Street Palace

Photographed by author

Figure D,12 Marilyn's Shoe Store, 299 King Street (1945)

Photographed by author

146

Figure D.13 McAlister's Mortuary, rendering (1953)
163 Meeting Street

Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects

Figure D.14 McAlister's Mortuary (1956)

150 Wentworth Street

Courtesy of Constantine and Constantine Architects

147

Figure D.15 Morris Street Baptist Church, 25-29 Morris
Street (1964)

Photographed bv author

Figure D.16 Blessed Sacrament Church, U.S. Highway 17 (1950)

Photographed by author

148

APPENDIX E: SAMPLING OF BOOKS FROM
CONSTANTINE'S OFFICE

149

List of Books

Abel, Joseph H. and Fred N. Severud. Apartment Houses. New York: Reinhold
Publishing Corporation, 1947.

American Face Brick Association, The. English Precedent for Modern Brichvork:

Plates and Measured Drawings of English Tudor and Georgian Brickwork, with a
Few Recent Versions By American Architects in the Spirit of the Old Work. New
York; The Architectural Forum, 1924.

Birkmire, William H. The Planning and Construction of High Office Buildings. New
York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1898.

Burris-Meyer, Harold and Edward C. Cole. Theatres and Auditoriums. New York:
Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1949.

Creighton, Thomas, et. al. Homes: Selected by the Editors of Progressive Architecture .
New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1947.

Fischer and Jirouch, Company, The. Interior and Exterior Decorative Ornament:
Catalogue # 12. Cleveland: The Fischer and Jirouch Company, 1931.

General Electric Company. Hospital Handbook for Architects and Engineers. New
York: General Electric Company, 1949.

Holdt, H. Picturesque Greece: Architecture, Landscape, Life of the People Berlin:
Ernst Wasmuth, LTD, 1928.

Kelly, J. Frederick. Early Connecticut Architecture: Measured Drawings with Full Size
Details of Moulded Sections Supplemented by Photogixiphs. New York: William
Helburn, Inc., 1924.

Knobloch, Philip G. Good Practice in Construction. New York: The Pencil Points Press,
Inc., 1923.

McGoodwin, Henry. Architectural Shades and Shadows Boston: Bates and Guild
Company, 1904.

Olsen, Peter C. Architectural Terra Cotta: Standard Construction New York; National
Terra Cotta Society, 1914.

Ramsey, Charles George, and Harold Reeve Sleeper. Architectural Graphic Standards.
New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1957.

150

Rosenfield, Isadore. Hospitals: Integrated Desig?!. New York: Reinhold Publishing
Corporation, 1947.

Sexton, R.W. The Logic of Modern Architecture: The Desigfi of Exteriors and Interiors
of Modern American Buildings. New York: Architectural Book Publishing
Company, 1929.

Sherman, David E., and Richard Wilcox. Literary England: Photographs of Places
Made Memorable in EngUsh Literature. New York: Random House, 1944.

Sleeper, Harold Reeve. Architectural Specifications. New York: John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., 1940.

Smith, J. Frazier. Wliite Pillars: Early Life and Architecture of the Lower Mississippi
Valley. New York: William Helburn, Inc , 1941

Speltz, Alexander. Styles of Ornaments. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1952

Stoney, Samuel Gaillard. Plantations of the Carolina Low Country. Charleston: The
Carolina Art Association, 1939.

Wallace, Philip B. Colonial Houses: Philadelphia Pre-Revolutionary Period. New
York: Architectural Book Publishing Company, 193 1.

. Colonial Ironwork of Old Philadelphia: The Craftsmanship of the Early Days of

the Republic. New York: Architectural Book Publishing Company, 1930

Waterman, Thomas Tileston. The Mansions of Virginia. 1706-1776. Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, 1945.

Weiss, Egon. The Design of Lettering. New York: The Pencil Points Press, Inc., 1932.

Wills, Royal Barry. The Business of Architecture. New York: Architectural Book
Publishing Company, 1941.

. Houses for Good Living. New York: Architectural Book Publishing

Company, 1940.

Zucker, Paul, Ed. New Architecture and City Planning. New York: Philosophical
Library, Inc., 1944.

151

Index

A.I.A., 20, 22, 24

Academy, 31, 32

American Academy in Rome, 3 1

American Theatre, 18, 20, 45

apartment, 3, 10, 18, 20, 53, 55

Arcade Theatre, 18, 45, 46, 47

ArtDeco, 1, 2, 9, 15, 19, 21, 28, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57

BAR, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12

Board, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13

Board of Architectural Review, 2, 4, 6,
8, 10, 11

Botzis, 16, 42

Broad Street, 4, 1 1

Burke Industrial School, 50, 51

Carolina Art Association, 4, 24

Carrara, 40

Caulkis, Greece, 16

Charleston, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,20,21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 36,
39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 52, 55,
56, 57

Chase Furniture, 20, 39, 40, 44, 45

Chicco Apartments, 53, 54

churches, 3, 20, 47

Citadel Alumni House, 33, 53

Citizens and Southern National Bank,
39,43

Classical, 1, 9, 15, 19, 23, 30, 32, 49, 54,
55

College of Charleston, 22

Colonial Revival, 2, 11, 52

Constantine, 1, 2, 3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19,20,21,28,29,30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57

Courtenay School, 49

Cowperthwaite Building, 2

Cummings, 26, 28

Dock Street Theatre, 25

earthquake, 5

Ebenezer A. M E Church, 47

Ecole des Beaux Arts, 31,32

Ellington, 21,23, 24,25,26

fire. 5. 11

Frampton,, 18

Georgia School of Technology, 14, 30

German Artillery Hall, 1 1

Gloria Theatre, 18, 35

Halsey, 1, 21, 26, 27

Halsey & Cummings, 2 1

Halsey and Cummings, 1, 26, 27

Hentz, Adler, and Shutze Architects, 14,

15
historic district, 1
Home Use Program, 53
International Correspondence School,

13, 14,35
International style, 1, 19, 36, 37
J. J Goodrum house, 33
King Street, 2, 3, 10, 18, 20, 27, 33, 39,

43,45, 55
Kiwanis Club, 19
Kronsberg, 52, 53
Liollio, 17, 18, 19,20,49, 50, 51
Lowndes Grove Plantation, 22
Marilyn Shoes, 44

Marion Square Bandstand, 2, 10, 20, 48
McAlister's Mortuary, 55
McCrady,, 27, 28
McKim,, 3 1

McKim, Meade, and White, 3 1
Mies van der Rohe, 55
Mitchell, 22, 24
Moderne, 1, 9, 15, 19, 21, 28, 35, 37, 38

40,41,42,44,46, 55, 56, 57
Morris Street Baptist Church, 47, 49
National Housing Agency, 53
National Planning Conference, 24
National Register of Historic Places, 9
Old and Historic District, 4, 6, 10, 22,

35,45
Old City District, 4, 10
Orders, 15, 30

152

ordinance, 1, 2, 4, 10, 11

Perkins and Will, Inc, 50

Powers, 17, 18, 19, 20, 34,49

Queen Anne, 12, 29

Randolph Hall, 23

Reynolds, 16

Riviera, 2, 18,45

Robert Mills, 23

Rome Prize, 3 1

school, 14, 19, 20, 27, 28, 31, 49, 50, 51,

52,55
Shutze, 14, 15, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35
Simons, 1, 6, 7, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28
Simons and Lapham, 1, 7, 21, 22, 23, 25,

28
Society for Preservation of Old

Dwellings, 24
Sottile, 12, 18, 35, 40, 44
South Carolina Historical Society, 24
St. Luke's A. M. E. Church, 49
St. Michael's Episcopal Church, 22
St. Philip Street Shops, 39, 40, 44
Streamline Moderne, 38
student drawings, 30
Stuhr's Funeral Home, 1 1
Techwood Homes, 24
theaters, 3, 18,20, 35,37,44
Van Smith Building Materials Company,

49
Vitrolite, 40, 46

Wentworth Realty Company, 18, 40
Wilson-Sottile House, 12
World War I, 4, 5,31
wrought iron, 34, 35, 37, 40, 41, 43, 47,

15:

Please ret
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Anne & Jerome Fisher
FINE ARTS LIBRARY

University of Pennsylvania
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